---
license: other
license_name: seallms
license_link: https://huggingface.co/SeaLLMs/SeaLLM-13B-Chat/blob/main/LICENSE
language:
- en
- zh
- vi
- id
- th
- ms
- km
- lo
- my
- tl
tags:
- multilingual
- sea
---

<p align="center">
  <img src="seal_logo.png" width="200" />
</p>

# *SeaLLM-7B-v2* - Large Language Models for Southeast Asia

<p align="center">
<a href="https://huggingface.co/SeaLLMs/SeaLLM-7B-v2" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> 🤗 Tech Memo</a>
&nbsp;&nbsp;
<a href="https://huggingface.co/spaces/SeaLLMs/SeaLLM-7B" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> 🤗 DEMO</a>
&nbsp;&nbsp;
<a href="https://github.com/DAMO-NLP-SG/SeaLLMs" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Github</a>
&nbsp;&nbsp;
<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2312.00738.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Technical Report</a>
</p>

We introduce [SeaLLM-7B-v2](https://huggingface.co/SeaLLMs/SeaLLM-7B-v2), the state-of-the-art multilingual LLM for Southeast Asian (SEA) languages 🇬🇧 🇨🇳 🇻🇳 🇮🇩 🇹🇭 🇲🇾 🇰🇭 🇱🇦 🇲🇲 🇵🇭. It is the most significant upgrade since [SeaLLM-13B](https://huggingface.co/SeaLLMs/SeaLLM-13B-Chat), with half the size, outperforming performance across diverse multilingual tasks, from world knowledge, math reasoning, instruction following, etc.

### Highlights
* [SeaLLM-7B-v2](https://huggingface.co/SeaLLMs/SeaLLM-7B-v2) achieves the **7B-SOTA** on the **GSM8K** task with **78.2** score and outperforms GPT-3.5 in many GSM8K-translated tasks in SEA languages (🇨🇳 🇻🇳 🇮🇩 🇹🇭) as well as MGSM (🇨🇳 🇹🇭). It also surpasses GPT-3.5 in MATH for Thai 🇹🇭.
* It scores competitively against GPT-3.5 in many zero-shot commonsense benchmark, with **82.5, 68.3, 80.9** scores on Arc-C, Winogrande, and Hellaswag.
* It achieves **7.54** score on the 🇬🇧 **MT-bench**, it ranks 3rd place on the leaderboard for 7B category and is the most outperforming multilingual model. 
* It scores **45.46** on the VMLU benchmark for Vietnamese 🇻🇳, and is the only open-source multilingual model that can be competitive to monolingual models ([Vistral-7B](https://huggingface.co/Viet-Mistral/Vistral-7B-Chat)) of similar sizes.


### Release and DEMO

- DEMO: [SeaLLMs/SeaLLM-7B](https://huggingface.co/spaces/SeaLLMs/SeaLLM-7B).
- Technical report: [Arxiv: SeaLLMs - Large Language Models for Southeast Asia](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2312.00738.pdf).
- Model weights: [SeaLLM-7B-v2](https://huggingface.co/SeaLLMs/SeaLLM-7B-v2).


<blockquote style="color:red">
<p><strong style="color: red">Terms of Use and License</strong>: 
By using our released weights, codes, and demos, you agree to and comply with the terms and conditions specified in our <a href="https://huggingface.co/SeaLLMs/SeaLLM-Chat-13b/edit/main/LICENSE" target="_blank" rel="noopener">SeaLLMs Terms Of Use</a>.
</blockquote>

> **Disclaimer**:
> We must note that even though the weights, codes, and demos are released in an open manner, similar to other pre-trained language models, and despite our best efforts in red teaming and safety fine-tuning and enforcement, our models come with potential risks, including but not limited to inaccurate, misleading or potentially harmful generation.
> Developers and stakeholders should perform their own red teaming and provide related security measures before deployment, and they must abide by and comply with local governance and regulations.
> In no event shall the authors be held liable for any claim, damages, or other liability arising from the use of the released weights, codes, or demos.

> The logo was generated by DALL-E 3.


### What's new since SeaLLM-13B-v1 and SeaLLM-7B-v1?

* SeaLLM-7B-v2 is continue-pretrained from [Mistral-7B](https://huggingface.co/mistralai/Mistral-7B-v0.1) and underwent carefully designed tuning with focus in reasoning.


## Evaluation


### Zero-shot Multilingual Math Reasoning

[SeaLLM-7B-v2](https://huggingface.co/SeaLLMs/SeaLLM-7B-v2) achieves with **78.2** score on the GSM8K, making it the **state of the art** in the realm of 7B models. It also outperforms GPT-3.5 in the same GSM8K benchmark as translated into SEA languages (🇨🇳 🇻🇳 🇮🇩 🇹🇭). [SeaLLM-7B-v2](https://huggingface.co/SeaLLMs/SeaLLM-7B-v2) also surpasses GPT-3.5 on the Thai-translated MATH benchmark, with **22.4** vs 18.1 scores.

![fig_sea_math_side_by_side.png](fig_sea_math_side_by_side.png)


<details>
<summary>See details on English and translated GSM8K and MATH</summary>
<br>

| Model | GSM8K<br>en | MATH<br>en | GSM8K<br>zh | MATH<br>zh | GSM8K<br>vi | MATH<br>vi | GSM8K<br>id | MATH<br>id | GSM8K<br>th | MATH<br>th
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| GPT-3.5 | 80.8 | 34.1 | 48.2 | 21.5 | 55 | 26.5 | 64.3 | 26.4 | 35.8 | 18.1
| Qwen-14B-chat | 61.4 | 18.4 | 41.6 | 11.8 | 33.6 | 3.6 | 44.7 | 8.6 | 22 | 6
| Vistral-7b-chat | 48.2 | 12.5 |  |  | 48.7 | 3.1 |  |  |  | 
| SeaLLM-7B-v2 | 78.2 | 27.5 | 53.7 | 17.6 | 69.9 | 23.8 | 71.5 | 24.4 | 59.6 | 22.4

</details>

#### Zero-shot MGSM

[SeaLLM-7B-v2](https://huggingface.co/SeaLLMs/SeaLLM-7B-v2) also outperforms GPT-3.5 and Qwen-14B on the multilingual MGSM for Zh and Th.

| Model | MGSM-Zh | MGSM-Th
|-----| -----  | --- 
| ChatGPT (reported) | 61.2* | 47.2*
| Qwen-14B-chat | 59.6 | 28
| SeaLLM-7B-v2 | **64.8** | **62.4**


### Zero-shot Commonsense Reasoning

We compare [SeaLLM-7B-v2](https://huggingface.co/SeaLLMs/SeaLLM-7B-v2) with ChatGPT and Mistral-7B-instruct on various zero-shot commonsense benchmarks (Arc-Challenge, Winogrande and Hellaswag). We use the 2-stage technique in [(Kojima et al., 2023)](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2205.11916.pdf) to grab the answer. Note that we **DID NOT** use "Let's think step-by-step" to invoke explicit CoT.

| Model | Arc-Challenge | Winogrande | Hellaswag
|-----| -----  | --- |  -- | 
| ChatGPT (reported)  | 84.6*  | 66.8* | 72.0*
| ChatGPT (reproduced)  | 84.1  | 63.1 | 79.5
| Mistral-7B-Instruct | 68.1  | 56.4 | 45.6
| SeaLLM-7B-v2        | 82.5  | 68.3 | 80.9


### Multilingual World Knowledge


We evaluate models on 3 benchmarks following the recommended default setups: 5-shot MMLU for En, 3-shot [M3Exam](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2306.05179.pdf) (M3e) for En, Zh, Vi, Id, Th, and zero-shot [VMLU](https://vmlu.ai/) for Vi.

| Model | Langs | En<br>MMLU | En<br>M3e | Zh<br>M3e | Vi<br>M3e | Vi<br>VMLU | Id<br>M3e | Th<br>M3e
|-----| -----  | --- |  -- | ----- | ---- | --- | --- | --- |
| ChatGPT | Multi | 68.90 | 75.46 | 60.20 | 58.64 | 46.32 | 49.27 | 37.41
|-----| -----  | --- |  -- | ----- | ---- | --- | --- | --- |
| SeaLLM-13B | Multi | 52.78 | 62.69 | 44.50 | 46.45 |  | 39.28 | 36.39
| Vistral-7B | Mono | 56.86 | 67.00 | 44.56 | 54.33 | 50.03 | 36.49 | 25.27
| SeaLLM-7B-v2 | Multi | 60.72 | 70.91 | 55.43 | 51.15 | 45.46 | 42.25 | 35.52



### MT-Bench

On the English [MT-bench](https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.05685) metric, SeaLLM-7B-v2 achieves **7.54** score on the MT-bench (3rd place on the leaderboard for 7B category), outperforms many 70B models and is arguably the only one that handles 10 SEA languages. 

Refer to [mt_bench/seallm_7b_v2.jsonl](https://huggingface.co/SeaLLMs/SeaLLM-7B-v2/blob/main/evaluation/mt_bench/seallm_7b_v2.jsonl) for the MT-bench predictions of SeaLLM-7B-v2.

| Model | Access | Langs | MT-Bench
| --- | --- | --- | --- | 
| GPT-4-turbo | closed | multi | 9.32
| GPT-4-0613 | closed | multi | 9.18
| Mixtral-8x7b (46B) | open | multi | 8.3
| Starling-LM-7B-alpha | open | mono (en) | 8.0
| OpenChat-3.5-7B | open | mono (en) | 7.81
| **SeaLLM-7B-v2** | **open** | **multi (10+)** | **7.54**
| [Qwen-14B](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen-14B-Chat) | open | multi | 6.96
| [Llama-2-70B](https://huggingface.co/meta-llama/Llama-2-70b-chat-hf) | open | mono (en) | 6.86
| Mistral-7B-instuct | open | mono (en) | 6.84


### Sea-Bench

Similar to MT-Bench, [Sea-bench](https://huggingface.co/datasets/SeaLLMs/Sea-bench) is a set of categorized instruction test sets to measure models' ability as an assistant that is specifically focused on 9 SEA languages, including non-Latin low-resource languages.

As shown, the huge improvements come from math-reasoning, reaching GPT-3.5 level of performance.

![fig_sea_bench_side_by_side.png](fig_sea_bench_side_by_side.png)

Refer to [sea_bench/seallm_7b_v2.jsonl](https://huggingface.co/SeaLLMs/SeaLLM-7B-v2/blob/main/evaluation/sea_bench/seallm_7b_v2.jsonl) for the Sea-bench predictions of SeaLLM-7B-v2.



### Usage

#### Instruction format

```python
prompt = """<|im_start|>system
You are a helpful assistant.</s>
<|im_start|>user
Hello world</s>
<|im_start|>assistant
Hi there, how can I help?</s>

# ! ENSURE 1 and only 1 bos `<s>` at the beginning of sequence
print(tokenizer.convert_ids_to_tokens(tokenizer.encode(prompt)))

['<s>', '▁<', '|', 'im', '_', 'start', '|', '>', 'system', '<0x0A>', 'You', '▁are', '▁a', '▁helpful', '▁assistant', '.', '</s>', '▁', '<0x0A>', '<', '|', 'im', '_', 'start', '|', '>', 'user', '<0x0A>', 'Hello', '▁world', '</s>', '▁', '<0x0A>', '<', '|', 'im', '_', 'start', '|', '>', 'ass', 'istant', '<0x0A>', 'Hi', '▁there', ',', '▁how', '▁can', '▁I', '▁help', '?', '</s>', '▁', '<0x0A>']
"""
```

#### Using transformers's chat_template
```python

from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer

device = "cuda" # the device to load the model onto

model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained("SeaLLMs/SeaLLM-7B-v2", torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16, device_map=device)
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("SeaLLMs/SeaLLM-7B-v2")

messages = [
    {"role": "user", "content": "Hello world"},
    {"role": "assistant", "content": "Hi there, how can I help you today?"},
    {"role": "user", "content": "Explain general relativity in details."}
]

encodeds = tokenizer.apply_chat_template(messages, return_tensors="pt", add_generation_prompt=True)
print(tokenizer.convert_ids_to_tokens(encodeds[0]))
# ['<s>', '▁<', '|', 'im', '_', 'start', '|', '>', 'user', '<0x0A>', 'Hello', '▁world', '</s>', '▁', '<0x0A>', '<', '|', 'im ....

model_inputs = encodeds.to(device)
model.to(device)

generated_ids = model.generate(model_inputs, max_new_tokens=1000, do_sample=True, pad_token_id=tokenizer.pad_token_id)
decoded = tokenizer.batch_decode(generated_ids)
print(decoded[0])

```

#### Using vLLM

```python
from vllm import LLM, SamplingParams
TURN_TEMPLATE = "<|im_start|>{role}\n{content}</s>"
TURN_PREFIX = "<|im_start|>{role}\n"

def seallm_chat_convo_format(conversations, add_assistant_prefix: bool, system_prompt=None):
    # conversations: list of dict with key `role` and `content` (openai format)
    if conversations[0]['role'] != 'system' and system_prompt is not None:
        conversations = [{"role": "system", "content": system_prompt}] + conversations
    text = ''
    for turn_id, turn in enumerate(conversations):
        prompt = TURN_TEMPLATE.format(role=turn['role'], content=turn['content'])
        text += prompt
    if add_assistant_prefix:
        prompt = TURN_PREFIX.format(role='assistant')
        text += prompt    
    return text

sparams = SamplingParams(temperature=0.1, max_tokens=1024, stop=['</s>', '<|im_start|>'])
llm = LLM("SeaLLMs/SeaLLM-7B-v2", dtype="bfloat16")

message = "Explain general relativity in details."
prompt = seallm_chat_convo_format(message, True)
gen = llm.generate(prompt, sampling_params)

print(gen[0].outputs[0].text)
```


## Acknowledgement to Our Linguists

We would like to express our special thanks to our professional and native linguists, Tantong Champaiboon, Nguyen Ngoc Yen Nhi and Tara Devina Putri, who helped build, evaluate, and fact-check our sampled pretraining and SFT dataset as well as evaluating our models across different aspects, especially safety.

## Citation

If you find our project useful, we hope you would kindly star our repo and cite our work as follows: Corresponding Author: [l.bing@alibaba-inc.com](mailto:l.bing@alibaba-inc.com)

**Author list and order will change!**

* `*` and `^` are equal contributions.

```
@article{damonlpsg2023seallm,
  author = {Xuan-Phi Nguyen*, Wenxuan Zhang*, Xin Li*, Mahani Aljunied*,
            Zhiqiang Hu, Chenhui Shen^, Yew Ken Chia^, Xingxuan Li, Jianyu Wang,
            Qingyu Tan, Liying Cheng, Guanzheng Chen, Yue Deng, Sen Yang,
            Chaoqun Liu, Hang Zhang, Lidong Bing},
  title = {SeaLLMs - Large Language Models for Southeast Asia},
  year = 2023,
  Eprint = {arXiv:2312.00738},
}
```