diff --git "a/test-ca-en" "b/test-ca-en" new file mode 100644--- /dev/null +++ "b/test-ca-en" @@ -0,0 +1,1012 @@ +Now we have four-month-old mice that aren't diabetic, even though they used to be, he added. +Dr. Ehud Ur, a professor of medicine at Dalhousie University in Halifax, Nova Scotia, and chair of the clinical and scientific division of the Canadian Diabetes Association, warned that the research is still in its early stages. +He shares the skepticism of other experts about the possibility of curing diabetes, and notes that these results do not apply to people who already have type 1 diabetes. +On Monday, Sara Danius, permanent secretary of the Nobel Prize Committee for Literature at the Swedish Academy, announced publicly in Sweden on a radio program on Sveriges Radio that the committee had ceased its efforts to track down Bob Dylan after failing to make direct contact with him following his 2016 Nobel Prize in Literature win. +Danius said, "Right now, we're not doing anything. I've called and emailed his closest collaborator and gotten very nice responses. For now, that's enough." +Previously, Ring CEO Jamie Siminoff had said the company started when his doorbell stopped working in his garage shop. +He said he had built a Wi-Fi doorbell. +Siminoff said sales skyrocketed after his appearance on Shark Tank in 2013, when the show's producers rejected funding for the fledgling company. +By the end of 2017, Siminoff appeared on the shopping channel QVC. +Ring has also filed a lawsuit against the competition's security company, ADT Corporation. +While an experimental vaccine appears to reduce the mortality rate of Ebola, so far, there are no proven drugs to treat the existing infection. +A cocktail of antibodies called ZMapp initially seemed promising, but formal studies showed it had less of the desired benefits to prevent death. +In the experimental clinical trial of PALM, ZMapp was used as the control and the other three treatments were compared to it. +USA Gymnastics supports the letter from the United States Olympic and Paralympic Committee and recognizes the absolute need for the Olympic family to create a safe environment for all of our athletes. +We agree with the statement from the U.S. Olympic and Paralympic Committee that the best way to serve the interests of athletes and clubs, and their sport, is through significant progress in governance, rather than stripping the certification. +USA Gymnastics supports an independent investigation that could shed light on how Larry Nassar's abuse, described so bravely by survivors, could have gone undetected for so long, and adopts the necessary and appropriate changes. +USA Gymnastics and the USOC have the same goal: to make gymnastics, and other sports, as safe as possible so athletes can pursue their dreams in a safe, positive and empowered environment. +In the 1960s, Brzezinski worked as an advisor to John F. Kennedy, and later to Lyndon B. Johnson. +During the 1976 presidential campaign, he advised Carter on foreign policy, then served as National Security Advisor (NSA) from 1977 to 1981, succeeding Henry Kissinger. +As U.S. National Security Advisor, Brzezinski helped Carter deal with the world's diplomatic affairs, such as the Camp David Peace Accords, 1978; normalizing U.S.-China relations in the late 1970s; the Iran hostage crisis, 1979; and the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, 1979. +The film, starring Ryan Gosling and Emma Stone, was nominated in all the major categories. +Gosling and Stone received nominations for Best Actor and Best Actress, respectively. +Other nominations include Best Picture, Director, Cinematography, Costume Design, Film Editing, Original Score, Production Design, Sound Editing, Sound Mixing, and Original Screenplay. +Two of the film's songs, Audition (The Fools Who Dream) and City of Stars, were nominated for Best Original Song. Lionsgate received 26 nominations -- more than any other studio. +U.S. President Donald Trump, in a statement released publicly through his press secretary, announced that U.S. troops would be withdrawing from Syria. +The announcement came after Trump held a phone call with Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan. +Turkey would also be tasked with guarding ISIS fighters captured who, the statements say, European nations have refused to repatriate. +This not only confirms that at least some dinosaurs had feathers, a theory already widely accepted, but offers details that fossils usually can't provide, such as color and three-dimensional arrangement. +Scientists say the animal's plumage was brownish-chestnut on top with a clear or carotenoid background. +The discovery also offers a glimpse into the evolution of feathers in birds. +Because dinosaur feathers do not have a well-developed rachis, but do have other features of feathers - barbs and barbules - scientists deduce that the rachis must have been a more recent evolutionary development than those other features. +The structure of the feathers suggests they were not used for flight but for temperature regulation or display. Researchers have suggested that, although it is the tail of a juvenile dinosaur, the sample shows the plumage of an adult and not a chick. +The researchers suggest that, although it is the tail of a young dinosaur, the sample reveals adult plumage, not juvenile plumage. +A car bomb exploded outside the police headquarters in Gaziantep, Turkey, yesterday morning, killing two police officers and wounding more than 20 people. +The governor's office said 19 of the injured were police officers. +Police said they suspect a Daesh (ISIL) militant was behind the attack. +They have discovered that the Sun operates under the same basic principles as other stars: that the activity of all stars in the system depends on their brightness, their rotation, and nothing else. +Brightness and rotation are used together to determine the Rossby number of a star, which is related to the plasma flow. +The smaller the number of Rossby, the less active the star will be with respect to magnetic inversions. +During his travels, Iwasaki found himself in hot water on several occasions. +He was kidnapped by pirates, attacked in Tibet by a rabid dog, fled his marriage in Nepal and was arrested in India. +802.11n operates in both the 2.4 GHz and 5.0 GHz bands. +This guarantees backwards compatibility with 802.11a, 802.11b and 802.11g, provided the base station has dual radios. +802.11n speeds are substantially faster than those of its predecessors with a theoretical maximum of 600Mbit/s. +Duvall, married with two grown children, didn't make much of an impression on Millar, who heard the story. +Asked what he thought, Miller replied: "Mike talks a lot during the hearing... I was preparing, so I wasn't really listening to what he was saying." +We will do our utmost to reduce carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP by a significant margin by 2020 compared with the 2005 level, Hu said. +He did not put a figure on the cuts, saying they would be determined by China's economic capacity. +He urged developing countries "to avoid the old path of polluting first and cleaning up later." +He added, however, that they should not be asked to take on responsibilities beyond their development, maturity and capabilities. +The Iraq Study Group's report was presented today at 12:00 GMT. +He warns that no one can guarantee that any action in Iraq now will stop the sectarian war, rising violence or a slide into chaos. +The report begins with a call for an open debate and a search for consensus in the United States on Middle East policy. +The report is highly critical of almost every aspect of the government's current policy towards Iraq, and urges an immediate change of strategy. +The first of the 78 recommendations is that the new diplomatic initiative be considered before the end of the year to secure Iraq's borders against hostile intervention and re-establish diplomatic relations with its neighbors. +Argentina's current senator and first lady, Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, announced her presidential candidacy yesterday evening in La Plata, a city 50 kilometers (31 miles) from Buenos Aires. +Ms. Kirchner announced her intention to run for president at the Teatro Argentino, the same place where she launched her Senate campaign in 2005 as a member of the Buenos Aires provincial delegation. +The debate was sparked by the controversy over spending on disaster relief and reconstruction after Hurricane Katrina, which some conservative fiscal hawks dubbed the "New Orleans Deal." +Liberal criticism of the reconstruction effort has focused on the awarding of reconstruction contracts to people suspected of having inside information from Washington. +More than four million people went to Rome to attend the funeral. +So many people were present that not everyone was able to get into St Peter's Square for the funeral. +Large television screens were set up in different parts of Rome so people could watch the ceremony. +Similar rallies were held, which were viewed by many people, in many other Italian cities and around the world, especially in Poland. +Historians have criticized the FBI's past policies of focusing resources on easy-to-solve cases, such as car thefts, in order to boost the agency's success rate. +Congress began funding the obscenity initiative in fiscal 2005 and specified that the FBI had to dedicate 10 agents to adult pornography. +Robin Uthappa made the highest score in the innings, 70 runs in just 41 balls hitting 11 fours and 2 sixes. +Middle-order batsmen Sachin Tendulkar and Rahul Dravid played well and put up a 100-run partnership. +However, after losing the captain's wicket, India could only manage 36 runs and lost 7 wickets to finish the innings. +U.S. President George W. Bush arrived in Singapore on November 16, kicking off a week-long tour of Asia. +He was received by Wong Kan Seng, Singapore's deputy prime minister, and discussed trade and terrorism with Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong. +After a week of midterm election losses, Bush spoke to the audience about expanding trade in Asia. +Prime Minister Stephen Harper has agreed to send his government's "Clean Air Act" to a committee made up of all parties for review before its second reading, after a 25-minute meeting with NDP leader Jack Layton at the PMO on Tuesday. +At the meeting with Mr. Layton, Mr. Harper has been asked to make changes to the Conservative's environmental bill, and has been called for a "complete overhaul" of the Conservative's environmental proposal. +The federal government's takeover of funding for the Mersey Hospital in Devonport, Tasmania, has drawn criticism from the state government and some federal MPs, who see the move as a covert pre-election propaganda stunt ahead of the federal election in November. +However, Prime Minister John Howard said the act was only to protect the hospital's facilities from being degraded by the Tasmanian government, by giving it an extra A$45 million. +According to the latest bulletin, sea-level readings indicate a tsunami has been generated. Some tsunami activity has been recorded near Pago Pago and Niue. +There are no reports of major damage or casualties in Tonga, but a temporary power outage is said to have prevented Tongan authorities from receiving a tsunami warning issued by the PTWC. +Fourteen schools on Hawaii's coasts or near them were closed Wednesday, even though tsunami warnings had been lifted. +U.S. President George W. Bush hailed the announcement. +Bush spokesman Gordon Johndroe called the North Korean pledge "a big step toward the goal of achieving verifiable denuclearization of the Korean peninsula." +The tenth named storm of the 2020 Atlantic hurricane season is called Jerry, and is a subtropical storm that formed today in the Atlantic Ocean. +The National Hurricane Center (NHC) says Jerry is not a threat to land at this time. +The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers has estimated that a 6-inch rainfall could breach previously damaged levees. +The Ninth Ward, which was inundated by up to 20 feet of water during Hurricane Katrina, is under water up to the waist after the nearby levee was breached. +Water is spilling over the dike in a 100-meter-wide section. +Commons administrator Adam Cuerden expressed his frustration at the deletions when he spoke to Wikinews last month. +Basically, [Wales] lied to us from the beginning. First, acting like it was all about legal issues. Then, pretending to listen to us, right up to the point of erasing the artwork. +The community's anger has led to the current efforts to design a content policy for the site, which hosts millions of multimedia files under a free use license. +Most of the work has been theoretical, but the program has been written to simulate observations of the Sagittarius galaxy. +The effect the team was looking for would be caused by tidal forces between the dark matter of the galaxy and the dark matter of the Milky Way. +Just as the moon exerts a gravitational pull on the Earth, causing the tides, the Milky Way exerts a gravitational pull on the Sagittarius galaxy. +Scientists were able to conclude that dark matter affects dark matter in the same way that it affects regular matter. +This theory says that most of the dark matter around a galaxy is located around a galaxy in a halo, and is made up of many tiny particles. +Some television reports show white smoke coming from the plant. +Local authorities are warning neighbors of the plant to stay indoors, turn off air conditioning, and not drink water from the hose. +Japan's nuclear agency said cesium and iodine were detected at the plant. +Officials speculate that this would indicate that the uranium fuel containers may have broken and could be leaking. +Dr. Tony Moll discovered Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (XDR-TB) in South Africa's KwaZulu-Natal region. +In an interview, he said the new variant was "very worrying and alarming because of the high fatality rate." +Some patients may have picked up the bacteria in the hospital, Dr. Moll said, and at least two were hospital workers. +An infected person can infect 10 to 15 close contacts over the course of a year. +However, the percentage of XDR-TB in the group of people with tuberculosis still seems to be low; 6,000 out of 330,000 infected at any one time in South Africa. +The two satellites, weighing more than 450kg and travelling at more than 25,000km per hour, collided about 800km above the Earth. +Scientists say the explosion caused by the collision was enormous. +It is still to be determined how intense the collision will be and how much of an impact it will have on Earth. +The U.S. Strategic Command of the U.S. Department of Defense is tracking the explosions. +The results of the track analysis will be posted on a publicly accessible website. +A doctor who worked at Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh in Pennsylvania will be charged with aggravated murder after his mother was found dead in the trunk of his car on Wednesday, authorities in Ohio said. +Dr. Malar Balasubramanian, 29, has been found in Blue Ash, Ohio, a suburb about 15 miles north of Cincinnati, lying on the side of the road wearing a T-shirt and boxer shorts in an apparent state of heavy medication. +He directed the agents to his black Oldsmobile Intrigue, which was 500 feet away. +They found the body of 53-year-old Saroja Balasubramanian covered in blood-stained sheets. +Police said the body appeared to have been there for about a day. +The first cases of the disease this season were reported in late July. +Pigs carry the disease, which is transmitted to humans through mosquitoes. +The outbreak has prompted the Indian government to take measures such as deploying pig hunters to the worst-hit areas, distributing thousands of mosquito nets and spraying pesticides. +The government has also pledged millions of doses of vaccine for encephalitis. These doses will help health agencies prepare for the year ahead. +Delivery of vaccines to historically affected areas this year has been delayed due to lack of funding and low prioritization compared to other diseases. +In 1956, S?ania moved to Sweden, where three years later he began working for the Swedish postal office and became its chief engraver. +He produced more than 1,000 prints for Sweden and 28 other countries. +His work has such recognizable quality and detail that he is one of the few "household names" among philatelists. Some specialize in collecting only his works. +His 1,000th release was the magnificent "Great Deeds by Swedish Kings" by David Klöcker Ehrenstrahl in 2000, which is in the Guinness Book of World Records. +He was also involved in the engraving of banknotes for many countries, and recent examples of his work include the portraits of Canada's new $5 and $100 banknotes. +After the accident, Gibson was taken to a hospital, but he died shortly after. +The truck driver, 64, was not injured in the crash. +The vehicle itself was removed from the scene of the accident around 12:00 GMT on the same day. +A person working in a nearby garage said: "There were kids waiting to cross the road and they were all screaming and crying." +Everyone ran from the scene of the accident. +Other goals on the Bali agenda include saving the world's remaining forests and sharing technologies to help developing nations grow in a less polluting way. +The UN also hopes to establish a fund to help countries affected by global warming deal with the impacts. +The money could be used for flood-proof housing, improving water management and diversifying crops. +Fluke wrote that the efforts of some to discourage women from talking about women's health were frustrated. +He came to this conclusion after receiving many positive comments and encouragement from both men and women who claimed contraceptives should be considered a medical necessity. +About 40 inmates remained in the yard and refused to return to their cells after the fights ended and the injured were taken to the hospital. +Negotiators have tried to rectify the situation, but the demands of other prisoners are unclear. +Between 10 a.m. and 11 p.m. MDT inmates started a fire in the yard. +Soon, agents with riot gear entered the courtyard and pepper-sprayed the inmates. +Firefighters finally extinguished the blaze at 11:35 p.m. +After the construction of the dam in 1963, seasonal flooding that previously scoured sediment throughout the river ceased. +This sediment was necessary to create banks of sand and beaches, which served as habitats for wildlife. +Consequently, two species of fish have become extinct and two more are at risk of extinction, including the bullhead shark. +While the water level is expected to rise only a few feet after the flood, officials hope that will be enough to restore eroded sand banks downstream. +No tsunami warning has been issued and, according to Jakarta's geophysics agency, none will be issued because the quake did not reach the required magnitude of 6.5. +Despite no tsunami threat, residents were spooked and began evacuating their businesses and homes. +Despite Winfrey's tearful farewell, she assured her fans that she would be back. +This is not a farewell. This is the end of a chapter and the beginning of another. +The final results of Namibia's presidential and parliamentary elections have indicated that incumbent President Hifikepunye Pohamba has been re-elected with a razor-thin margin. +The ruling party, the South West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO), also retained the majority in parliamentary elections. +Coalition and Afghan troops have moved into the area to secure the site and other coalition aircraft have moved in to offer assistance. +The accident occurred in mountainous terrain and is believed to have been caused by enemy fire. +The search for the crash site is hampered by bad weather and difficult terrain. +The charity Mangola, Doctors Without Borders and the World Health Organization say it is the worst outbreak on record in the country. +MSF spokesman Richard Veerman said: "Angola is heading for its worst ever outbreak and the situation is very bleak." +The games kicked off at 10 a.m. with good weather and some mid-morning rain, which cleared up quickly, was a perfect day for 7s rugby. +South Africa, top of the tournament standings, got off to a flying start with a 26-0 win over fifth-placed Zambia. +They had a distinctly ropey start against their southern sisters, South Africa, but improved progressively as the game went on. +Their disciplined defence, ball control and excellent teamwork made them stand out and it was clear that this was the team to beat. +Officials in Amsterdam and the Anne Frank Museum say a fungus has infected the tree, posing a threat to public health because there is an imminent risk that it will fall. +His scheduled execution was set for Tuesday, but he was saved by a last-minute court ruling. +All of the entrances to the caves, dubbed "The Seven Sisters," have a diameter of at least 100 to 250 meters (328 to 820 feet). +Infrared images show diurnal and nocturnal temperature variations that suggest they are caves. +They are cooler than the surface that surrounds them during the day, and warmer at night. +Its thermal behavior is not stable like large caves on Earth, which often have a fairly constant temperature, but is consistent with the hypothesis that they are deep pits in the ground, said Glen Cushing of the U.S. Geological Survey's astrogeology team and Northern Arizona University in Flagstaff, Arizona. +In France, elections have traditionally been a fairly low-tech experience: voters go into a booth and put a cross on a pre-printed piece of paper next to the candidate they have chosen. +After verifying the voter's identity, the voter drops the ballot into the ballot box and signs the ballot. +The French electoral law strictly codifies the procedures. +Since 1988, ballot boxes must be transparent so that voters and observers can be witnesses that there are no unmarked ballots at the beginning of voting and that no other unmarked ballots are added that are not those of duly counted and authorized voters. +Candidates can send representatives to witness each part of the process. In the evening, volunteers count the votes under heavy supervision, following specific procedures. +The ASUS Eee, launched worldwide for its cost-saving and functionality, became a hot topic at Taiwan's 2007 Tech Month. +However, the laptop computer market will change and change radically after ASUS is awarded the Taiwan Sustainable Award 2007 by the Executive Yuan of the Republic of China. +The station's website describes the program as "an old-school radio play with a new and extravagant twist!" +At its inception, the program only aired on the historic online radio station TogiNet Radio, specializing in spoken word. +By the end of 2015, TogiNet established AstroNet as a branch station. +The program initially included amateur voice actors from East Texas. +Reports say looting continued into the night as police were not present on the streets of Bishkek. +An observer described Bishkek entering a state of "anarchy" as gangs of people roamed the streets and looted shops selling consumer goods. +Many residents of Bishkek blame the rioters in the south for the anarchy. +South Africa have beaten the All Blacks (New Zealand) in a rugby union match in the Tri-Nations tournament at the Royal Bafokeng Stadium in Rustenburg, South Africa. +The final score was a one-point win, 21-20, ending the All Blacks' 15-game winning streak. +For the Springboks, it ended a five-game losing streak. +It was the All Blacks' last game, having already won the trophy two weeks earlier. +The final match of this series will take place at Ellis Park in Johannesburg next week, when the Springboks take on Australia. +On Monday at 10:08 p.m. MDT, there was a moderate earthquake in western Montana. +There are no immediate reports of damage from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) or its National Earthquake Information Center. +The epicenter of the quake was about 12 miles (20 kilometers) north-northeast of Dillon and about 40 miles (65 kilometers) south of Butte. +It has been confirmed that the deadly avian flu strain H5N1 has infected a wild duck found dead in marshes near Lyon, eastern France, on Monday. +France is the seventh European Union country to be hit by the virus, following Austria, Germany, Slovenia, Bulgaria, Greece and Italy. +Suspected cases of H5N1 have not yet been confirmed in Croatia and Denmark. +Chambers has asked God for "universal death, destruction and intimidation of millions and millions of inhabitants of the Earth." +Chambers, an agnostic, argues that his legal process is "frivolous" and that "anyone can sue anyone." +The story presented in the French opera, by Camille Saint-Saens, is of an artist "whose life is dictated by a love of drugs and Japan." +Consequently, artists smoke joints of cannabis on stage, and the same theatre invites the audience to join in. +Former House Speaker Newt Gingrich, Texas Gov. Rick Perry and Rep. Michele Bachmann finished fourth, fifth and sixth, respectively. +With the results in, Gingrich praised Santorum, but had harsh words for Romney, whose Iowa campaign ran negative ads against Gingrich. +Perry said he would return to Texas to "evaluate the results of tonight's committee meeting and see if there is a path forward for me in this race," but later said he would stay in the race and compete in the South Carolina primary on Jan. 21. +Bachmann, who won the Ames Straw Poll in August, has decided to end her campaign. +The photographer was taken to Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, where he later died. +They said he was about 20 years old. In a statement, Bieber said: "Although I was not present nor directly involved in this tragic accident, my thoughts and prayers are with the family of the victim." +The entertainment news website TMZ understands that the photographer stopped his car on the other side of Sepulveda Boulevard and tried to take pictures of the traffic stop before crossing the road and continuing, forcing the California Highway Patrol officer who was directing traffic to order him to pull over - twice. +The driver of the vehicle that struck the photographer is unlikely to face criminal charges, police said. +With only 18 medals available per day, a number of countries have failed to reach the podium. +They include the Netherlands, with Anna Jochemsen finishing ninth in the women's Super-G yesterday, and Finland with Katja Saarinen finishing 10th in the same race. +Australian Mitchell Gourley has finished 11th in the men's Super-G. Czech Oldrich Jelinek has finished seventh in the men's Super-G sitting. +Mexico's Arly Velasquez finished 15th in the men's Super-G sitting. New Zealand's Adam Hall finished ninth in the men's Super-G standing. +Polish visually impaired skier Maciel Krezel and guide Anna Ogarzynska finished 30th in the super-giant. South Korean Jong Seork Park finished 24th in the men's sitting super-giant. +Who is to blame for spreading the disease that started near the U.N. peacekeepers' camp is the U.N. peacekeeping mission, which arrived in Haiti after the 2010 earthquake. +According to the lawsuit, the UN's rejection was not properly sanitized, allowing bacteria to enter the Artibonite River, one of Haiti's largest. +Until the arrival of the troops, Haiti had not had problems with the disease since the 19th century. +The Institute for Justice and Democracy in Haiti has referred to independent studies that suggest it was the Nepalese contingent of the UN peacekeeping force that inadvertently introduced the disease to Haiti. +Danielle Lantagne, a U.N. malaria expert, said the outbreak is likely due to peacekeepers. +Hamilton confirmed that Howard University Hospital had admitted that the patient was in stable condition. +The patient had been in Nigeria, where there have been some cases of the Ebola virus. +The hospital followed its infection control protocol, including isolating the patient to prevent possible infections to others. +Before The Simpsons, Simon had worked in different capacities on various shows. +He worked on programs such as Taxi, Cheers, and The Tracy Ullman Show in the 1980s. +In 1989, he helped create The Simpsons with Brooks and Groening and was responsible for hiring the show's first writing staff. +Despite leaving the show in 1993, he retained the title of executive producer and continued to receive tens of millions of dollars in royalties each season. +Earlier, the Chinese news agency Xinhua had reported the hijacking of the plane. +Subsequent reports said the plane had received a bomb threat and was diverted back to Afghanistan, landing in Kandahar. +Early reports said the plane had diverted back to Afghanistan after being denied an emergency landing in Urumqi. +Air crashes are common in Iran, which has an aging fleet with little maintenance for both civilian and military operations. +International sanctions have made it impossible to buy a new plane. +Early in the week, the crash of a police helicopter killed three people and injured three others. +Last month, Iran suffered its worst air disaster in years when a passenger plane bound for Armenia crashed, killing all 168 on board. +The same month, another plane crashed into the runway at Mashhad and crashed into a wall, killing 17 people. +Aerosmith have cancelled the remainder of their tour. +The rock band was scheduled to tour the U.S. and Canada until Sept. 16. +The tour was canceled after Steven Tyler, the lead singer, was injured in a fall from the stage during the band's Aug. 5 performance. +Murray lost the first set in a tie-break after both players held serve in each of the set's games. +Del Potro had the advantage in the second set, but also here it went to a tie-break after reaching 6-6. +Potro received treatment for his shoulder at the time, but was able to return to the match. +The program began at 8:30 p.m. local time (15.00 UTC). +Famous singers from all over the country offered bhajans, or devotional songs, at the feet of Shri Shyam. +Singer Sanju Sharma started the evening, followed by Jai Shankar Choudhary. He also presented the bhajan chhappan bhog. Singer Raju Khandelwal accompanied him. +Then Lakkha Singh took the lead in singing the bhajans. +A total of 108 dishes of Chhappan Bhog (in Hinduism, there are 56 different edible items, such as sweets, fruits, dried fruits, dishes, etc. that are offered to the deity) were served to Baba Shyam. +Lakkha Singh also presented the "bhajan" of "chhappan bhog". He was accompanied by singer Raju Khandelwal. +In the main presentation on Thursday at the Tokyo Game Show, Nintendo president Satoru Iwata revealed the design of the Nintendo Revolution controller, the company's new console. +Similar to controlling a television, the controller uses two sensors placed near the user's television to triangulate their position in three dimensions. +This will allow players to control actions and movements in video games by moving the device in the air. +Giancarlo Fisichella lost control of his car and crashed out of the race not long after the restart. +His team-mate Fernando Alonso led the majority of the race, but that ended after his pit stop - likely for a right-front wheel change. +Michael Schumacher finished the race shortly after Alonso due to damage to his suspension in the many incidents during the race. +She's very strong and she sings very well," he said, according to a transcript of the press conference. +I was moved to tears every time we rehearsed it. +Three minutes into the launch, a camera on board showed a large number of foam insulation pieces breaking away from the fuel tank. +However, they are believed to have caused no damage to the rocket. +NASA's shuttle program manager, N. Wayne Hale Jr., said the foam fell "after the time of concern." +Five minutes into the show, the wind started to pick up a bit, within a minute it was up to 70 miles per hour... then came the rain, but so heavy and so thick that it felt like needles hitting your skin, then came the hail, people screaming and running over each other. +I lost my sister and her friend, and on the way there were two people in wheelchairs, and people were jumping over them and pushing them," said Armand Versace. +NHK also reported that the Kashiwazaki Kariwa nuclear power plant in Niigata Prefecture was operating normally. +Hokuriku Electric Co. said the quake had no impact and that the No. 1 and No. 2 reactors at its Shika nuclear plant had been shut down. +Some 9,400 cases in the area remain without water and about 100 without electricity. +Some roads have been damaged, rail service has been suspended in the affected areas, and Noto Airport in Ishikawa Prefecture remains closed. +A bomb exploded outside the governor-general's office. +Three more bombs exploded near government buildings in a two-hour period. +Some reports put the official death toll at eight, with official sources confirming that up to 30 people were injured; but the final death toll is still unknown. +Acetaminophen and melamine were found in urine samples from pets that died after eating contaminated pet food. +Researchers at the university say the two compounds react with each other to form crystals that can block kidney function. +Researchers observed the formation of crystals in cat urine by adding melamine and cyanuric acid. +The composition of these crystals matches those found in the urine of companion animals affected, by comparing them using infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). +I don't know if you're aware of this, but most goods from Central America come into this country duty-free. +However, eighty percent of our goods are taxed at rates in Central America. We reward you. +That didn't seem logical; it certainly wasn't fair. +I just tell people to treat us how they would want to be treated. +California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger signed a law banning the sale or rental of violent video games to minors. +The bill would require violent video games sold in California to be labeled with a sticker reading "18" and make their sale to minors punishable by a $1,000 fine per violation. +Attorney General Kier Starmer QC made a statement this morning announcing the charging of both Huhne and Pryce. +Huhne has resigned and will be replaced in the Cabinet by MP Ed Davey. Norman Lamb is expected to take over the Department for Business from Davey. +Huhne and Pryce are due to appear at Westminster Magistrates' Court on February 16. +The victims were Nicholas Alden, 25, and Zachary Cuddeback, 21. Cuddeback was the driver. +Edgar Veguilla was injured to his arm and jaw while Kristoffer Schneider needed reconstructive surgery to his face. +Uka's gun misfired as he aimed at the fifth man's head. Schneider continues to suffer, with one eye blinded, part of his skull missing and a titanium face reconstructed. +Schneider spoke via videoconference from a U.S. Air Force base in his country. +Beyond Wednesday's event, Carpanedo competed in two individual races at the Championship. +The first was the slalom, where she was disqualified in the first run. Thirty-six of the remaining 116 competitors finished with the same result. +Her other race, the giant slalom, saw her finish 10th in the women's standings, with a combined time of 4:41.30; 2:11.60 minutes slower than first-place finisher Claudia Loesch, of Austria, and 1:09.02 minutes slower than ninth-place finisher Gyöngyi Dani, of Hungary. +Four of the women's downhill racers did not finish their runs, and 45 of the total 117 giant slalom racers did not qualify for the race. +The stolen laptop and mobile phone were recovered by the Madhya Pradesh police. +Deputy Inspector General D K Arya said, "We have arrested five people who assaulted the Swiss woman and recovered her mobile phone and laptop." +The accused are Baba Kanjar, Bhutha Kanjar, Rampro Kanjar, Gaza Kanjar and Vishnu Kanjar. +Superintendent of Police Chandra Shekhar Solanki said the accused appeared in court with his face covered. +Although three people were inside the house when the car hit, no one was injured. +However, the driver suffered serious head injuries. +The road where the crash took place was temporarily closed while emergency services freed the driver of the red Audi TT. +He was first taken to James Paget Hospital in Great Yarmouth. +He was transferred to Addenbrooke's Hospital in Cambridge. +Since then, Adekoya has been charged with the murder of her son at the Sheriff Court in Scotland. +He is currently in custody awaiting trial, but any eyewitness testimony could be thrown out because his image has been published everywhere. +This is common practice across the rest of the UK, but Scottish justice works differently and courts have seen the publication of photos as potentially prejudicial. +Professor Pamela Ferguson of the University of Dundee said "journalists seem to be treading a fine line if they publish photos, etc. of the suspects." +The Crown Prosecution Service, which is in charge of the prosecution, has told reporters it will not be making any further statements until after the verdict. +The document, according to the leak, will refer to the border dispute, which Palestine wants to be based on pre-1967 war lines. +Other issues on the agenda include the future of Jerusalem, which is sacred to both nations, and the dispute over the Jordan Valley. +Israel demands an uninterrupted military presence in the valley for ten years once a deal is signed, while the AP only agrees to accept it for five years. +Hunters participating in the pilot supplemental predator control program were closely supervised by foresters, as the pilot program was monitored and evaluated for effectiveness. +In partnership with the NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service and the NSW Association of Sporting Shooters Inc., qualified volunteers were recruited under the NSW Association of Sporting Shooters Hunting Program. +Mick O'Flynn, Interim Director of the Conservation and Heritage Park with the NPWS, said the four hunters selected for the first cull received appropriate safety and training. +Yesterday, Martelly swore in a new Provisional Electoral Council (CEP) of nine members. +It is Martelly's fifth Provisional Electoral Council in four years. +Last month, a presidential commission recommended the ouster of the previous Provisional Electoral Council, as part of a package of measures aimed at moving the country toward new elections. +The commission was Martelly's response to widespread protests against the regime that began in October. +Protests, sometimes violent, erupted over the lack of elections, some of which were scheduled for 2011. +About 60 cases of overheating and malfunctioning iPods have been reported, causing six fires and minor burns to four people. +Japan's Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) said it had been informed of 27 incidents related to the devices. +Last week, the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) announced that Apple had reported 34 other incidents related to overheating, which the company called "non-serious." +In response, the ministry called Apple's delay in releasing the report "unfortunate." +The quake hit Mariana at 7:19 a.m. local time (9:19 p.m. GMT Friday). +The Northern Marianas Emergency Management Office said there were no reports of damage in the nation. +The Pacific Tsunami Warning Center also said there was no tsunami warning in effect. +A former Filipino policeman has held tourists from Hong Kong to ransom after hijacking their bus in Manila, the capital of the Philippines. +Rolando Mendoza fired his M16 rifle at the tourists. +Many hostages have been rescued and at least six have been confirmed dead. +Six hostages, including children and the elderly, as well as Filipino photographers, have been freed. +The photographers then took the place of an elderly woman, who needed to go to the bathroom. Mendoza was shot. +Liggins followed in his father's footsteps and pursued a career in medicine. +He trained as an obstetrician and began working at Auckland National Women's Hospital in 1959. +While working at the hospital, Liggins began researching preterm birth in her spare time. +Her research showed that if a hormone was administered, the fetal lung maturation of the baby would be accelerated. +Government investigators recovered two "black boxes" flight recorders on Wednesday, Xinhua reported. +Fellow wrestlers have also paid tribute to Luna. +Tommy Dreamer said, "Luna was the first Queen of Extreme. My first manager. Luna died the night of two moons. Pretty unique, just like her. A strong woman." +Dustin "Goldust" Runnels commented that "Luna was as freaky as I am...maybe even more so...I love her and will find her at altar...I hope she finds herself in a better place." +Of the 1,400 people surveyed before the 2010 federal election, those opposed to Australia becoming a republic increased by 8 per cent since 2008. +Acting Prime Minister Julia Gillard declared during the 2010 federal election campaign that she believed Australia should become a republic by the end of Queen Elizabeth II's reign. +Thirty-four per cent of respondents want Queen Elizabeth II to be Australia's last monarch. +At the extremes of the poll, 29 per cent of respondents believe Australia should become a republic as soon as possible, while 31 per cent believe Australia should never become a republic. +The Olympic gold medallist was due to swim the 100m and 200m freestyle and three relays at the Commonwealth Games, but his fitness has been called into question due to his complaints. +He was unable to take the painkillers he needed because they are banned at the Games. +Curtis Cooper, a mathematician and computer science professor at the University of Central Missouri, has discovered the largest known prime number as of Jan. 25. +Many people verified the discovery using different hardware and software in early February and it was announced on Tuesday. +Comets may have been a source of water sent to Earth along with organic matter that can form proteins and sustain life. +Scientists hope to understand how planets form, especially how the Earth formed from collisions of comets with the Earth long ago. +Cuomo, 53, took office in January and signed a law last month legalizing same-sex marriage. +He called the rumors "political gossip and character assassination." +He is expected to run for president in 2016. +NextGen is a system that, according to the FAA, would allow planes to fly shorter routes and save millions of gallons of fuel each year and reduce carbon emissions. +It uses satellite-based technology rather than old-fashioned ground-based radar to pinpoint pilots more accurately and provide them with more accurate information. +There is no provision for additional transport and surface trains will not stop at Wembley; there are no car parks or interchange car parks on foot of the street. +Concerns over a lack of transport have led to speculation that the match could be played behind closed doors without the club's supporters. +A study published Thursday in the journal Science described the formation of a new species of bird on the equatorial Galapagos Islands. +Researchers at Princeton University in the United States and the University of Uppsala in Sweden have reported that the new species has evolved in just two generations, despite it being thought to take much longer, due to interbreeding between a Darwin's finch, Geospiza fortis (endemic), and a Galapagos finch with a pointed beak, Geospiza conirostris (non-native). +Gold can be worked into all sorts of shapes. It can be molded into the smallest of figures. +It can be woven into fine threads, which can be twisted. It can be hammered or planed into sheets. +It can be made very thin and laid over other metals. It can be made so thin that it was sometimes used to decorate hand-painted illustrations in books called "illuminated manuscripts." +This is called the pH of a substance. You can make an indicator using rhubarb juice. +Lemon juice changes color depending on how acidic or alkaline (alkaline) a substance is. +The pH level is indicated by the number of hydrogen ions (the H of pH) in the substance being analyzed. +Hydrogen ions are protons from which electrons have been removed (as hydrogen atoms consist of a proton and an electron). +Mix the two dry powders together and then, using wet hands, make a ball. +The moisture of the hands reacts with the outer layers, causing a strange sensation and forming a sort of barrier. +The cities of Harappa and Mohenjo-daro had a toilet in almost every house, connected to a sophisticated sewage system. +Remains of latrines have been found in the Minoan cities of Crete and Santorini in Greece. +Lavabos also existed in ancient Egypt, Persia, and China. In the Roman civilization, lavabos were part of public bathhouses where men and women mingled together. +When you call someone who is thousands of miles away, you are using a satellite. +The satellite in space receives the call and then reflects it back almost instantly. +The satellite was sent into space by a rocket. Scientists use telescopes in space because the Earth's atmosphere distorts some of our light and our view. +A 100-foot-tall giant rocket is needed to put a satellite or telescope into space. +The wheel has changed the world in an incredible way. The most important thing the wheel has done for us is make transport much faster and easier. +It has brought us the train, the car, and many other means of transport. +Below them are more medium-sized cats eating medium-sized prey, from rabbits to antelopes and deer. +Finally, there are many small felids (including feral domestic cats) that eat small prey that is much more abundant, such as small insects, rodents, lizards, and birds. +The secret to his success is the concept of a niche, a special job that every cat has and which prevents them from competing with each other. +Lions are the most social cats and live in large groups called prides. +Packs are made up of one to three adult males with as many as thirty females and cubs. +Females are usually closely related, forming a large family of sisters and daughters. +Lion prides behave much like wolf packs or hyena clans, which are animals with surprisingly similar behavior to lions (though not to other large cats) and equally deadly to their prey. +The tiger, a complete athlete, can climb (though not very well), swim, leap long distances, and push with five times the force of a well-muscled human. +The tiger is of the same genus (panthera) as lions, leopards and jaguars. These four felids are the only ones that can roar. +The roar of the tiger is not like the full-throated roar of a lion, but more like a growled sentence of anger. +Ocelots like to eat small animals. If they can, they will hunt monkeys, snakes, rodents, and birds. Almost all of the animals they hunt are much smaller than they are. +Scientists believe ocelots follow and find their prey (prey) by scent, sniffing out the trails they leave on the ground. +They can be seen very well in the dark with night vision, and they can move very silently. Ocelots hunt their prey by camouflaging themselves into the environment and then pouncing on their prey. +When a small group of living things (a small population) separates from the main group and original population (for example, by crossing a mountain range or a river, or by emigrating to a new island and being unable to return) they often find themselves in a different environment from what they had before. +This new environment has different resources and competitors, so the new population will need different characteristics or adaptations than it needed before to be a strong competitor. +The original population hasn't changed at all, they still need the same adaptations as before. +Over time, as the new population begins to adapt to its new environment, it begins to look less and less like the other population. +Finally, after millions or even billions of years, the two populations were so different that they could no longer be considered the same species. +This process is called speciation, which means the formation of new species. Speciation is an unavoidable consequence and a very important part of evolution. +Plants make the oxygen that humans breathe and take in the carbon dioxide that humans exhale (that is, breathe out). +Plants make their food from the sun through photosynthesis. They also make shade. +We build our houses with plants and make our clothes with plants. Most of what we eat is plants. Without plants, most animals would not survive. +The Mosasaurus was the apex predator of its time, so it had no fear of anything, except for other mosasaurs. +His long jaws held more than seventy sharpened teeth like knives, backed up by an extra set in the roof of his mouth, so that there was no way out for anything that got in his way. +We don't know for sure, but he may have had a forked tongue. His diet included turtles, long fish, other mosasaurs, and possibly even cannibalism. +It also attacked anything that entered the water; not even a giant dinosaur like a T. rex could compete with it. +While most of their food would be familiar to us, the Romans had a few unusual or exotic items at their banquets; such as pheasants, peacocks, snails and a rodent called a liron. +Another difference was that while the poor and women ate sitting on a chair, the rich men liked to participate in banquets where they reclined while eating. +The ancient Romans could not have included foods that arrived in Europe from America or Asia in later centuries. +For example, they had no maize, tomatoes, potatoes, or cocoa, and no ancient Roman ever tasted a turkey. +The Babylonians built a primary temple to each of their gods, which was considered the house of the god. +People made sacrifices to the gods and priests tried to meet the needs of the gods through ceremonies and festivals. +Each temple had an open courtyard and then a closed sanctuary to which only priests could gain access. +Sometimes they built special pyramids in the form of a tower, called ziggurats, as part of the temples. +The top of the tower was a special sanctuary for the gods. +In the warm climate of the Middle East, housing was not as important. +Most of a Jewish family's life was spent outdoors. +Women cooked in the courtyard; shops were simple open stalls facing the street. Stone was used to build houses. +There were no great forests in the land of Canaan, so wood was extremely expensive. +Greenland was sparsely populated. Norse sagas say Eric the Red fled Iceland after committing murder and, traveling west, discovered Greenland and named it. +However, despite his discovery, there were already tribes of Eskimos living there at that time. +Despite being "Scandinavian" countries, there were many differences between the peoples, kings, customs, and histories of Denmark, Sweden, Norway, and Iceland. +If you've seen the movie National Treasure, you might imagine that behind the Declaration of Independence is a map to the treasure. +However, this is not true. While there is something written behind the document, it is not a map to the treasure. +Written on the back of the Declaration of Independence were the words "Original Declaration of Independence dated July 4, 1776." The text is found at the bottom of the document, below. +While no one knows for sure who wrote it, it is known that the long parchment (29¾ inches by 24½ inches) was rolled up to store it. +Thus, it seems that the notation was simply added as a label. +The D-Day landings and the battles that followed freed northern France, but the south was still not free. +It was governed by Vichy France, Frenchmen who signed a peace treaty with the Germans in 1940 and collaborated with the invaders rather than fighting them. +Allies invaded southern France on August 15, 1940, the invasion was called "Operation Dragoon." +In just two weeks, American and Free French forces had liberated southern France and were advancing into Germany. +A civilization is a unique culture shared by a large group of people who live and work together, a society. +The word civilization comes from the Latin civilis, meaning civil, related to the Latin civis, meaning citizen, and civitas, meaning city or city-state, and this also defines the dimensions of society. +Cities preceded nations. A civilized culture involves the transmission of knowledge across many generations, a persistent cultural footprint, and equitable diffusion. +Minority cultures often disappear without leaving obvious historical traces and are not recognized as civilizations in their own right. +During the War of Independence, the thirteen states first formed a weak central government—being Congress the only component—under the Articles of Confederation. +Congress had no power to levy taxes, and as there was no national executive or judiciary, enforcement fell to state authorities, which were often uncooperative, to carry out its acts. +He had no authority to invalidate taxing and tariff laws between the states. +The Articles required unanimous approval by all states before they could be amended, and the states took the central government so lightly that their representatives often absented themselves. +The Italian national football team, with the German national football team, is the second most successful team in the world and were the winners of the 2006 FIFA World Cup. +The most popular sports are football, basketball, volleyball, water polo, fencing, rugby, cycling, ice hockey, roller hockey and Formula 1. +The most popular sports in the northern regions are winter sports, with the presence of Italians participating in international competitions and Olympic events. +Japan has nearly 7,000 islands (Honshu is the largest), making it the 7th largest island in the world. +Because of the group of islands that Japan has, it is often referred to, in geographical terms, as an "archipelago" +Taiwan's beginnings date back to the 1500s, when European explorers dubbed the island Ilha Formosa, or Beautiful Island. +In 1624, the Dutch East India Company established a base in the southeast of Taiwan, beginning the transformation of indigenous grain production practices and relying on Chinese labor for rice and sugar plantations. +In 1683, the forces of the Qing dynasty (1644-1912) take control of the western and northern coastal areas of Taiwan, and declare Taiwan a province of the Qing empire in 1885. +In 1895, after its defeat in the First Sino-Japanese War (1894-1895), the Qing government signs the Treaty of Shimonoseki, ceding sovereignty over Taiwan to Japan, which will govern the island until 1945. +Machu Picchu consists of three main buildings, the Intihuatana, the Temple of the Sun and the Room of the Three Windows. +Most of the buildings on the perimeter of the complex have been rebuilt to give tourists a better idea of how they originally looked. +In 1976, thirty percent of Machu Picchu had been restored and restoration continues today. +For example, the most common film format in the world is 35 mm, which was the main film format at the end of the era of film photography. +It still happens today, but even more importantly, its aspect ratio has been inherited in the aspect ratios of digital image sensors. +The 35mm format actually creates a bit of confusion, with 36mm width and 24mm height. +It is said that the aspect ratio of this format (divide by 12 to get the simplest integer aspect ratio) is therefore 3:2. +Many common aspect ratios (such as the APS family of aspect ratios, for example) are very close to this aspect ratio. +The rule of thirds, which has been overused and often ridiculed, is a simple guideline that creates dynamism while maintaining order in an image. +He says the best place for the main subject is at the intersection of the lines that divide the image into thirds vertically and horizontally (see example). +During this period European history was questioning the Roman Catholic Church, which had become rich and powerful. +For more than a thousand years, Christianity united the European states despite differences in language and customs. +His omnipresent power affected everyone, from kings to plebeians. +One of the main Christian principles is that wealth should be used to alleviate suffering and poverty and that church funds exist for that very reason. +The church's main authority had been in Rome for more than a thousand years, and this concentration of power and money led many to wonder if this dogma was being followed. +Shortly after the outbreak of hostilities, Britain imposed a naval blockade on Germany. +The strategy proved effective, cutting off vital military and civilian supplies, even though the blockade violated generally accepted international laws that had been codified by various international agreements over the past two centuries. +Britain mined international waters to prevent any ships from entering segments of ocean, putting neutral ships at risk. +As there was a limited response to this tactic, Germany expected a similar response to its unrestricted submarine warfare. +During the 1920s, the prevailing attitude among most citizens and nations was pacifism and isolationism. +After seeing the horrors and atrocities of war during World War I, nations wanted to avoid a similar situation in the future. +In 1884, Tesla moved to the United States to accept a job at the Edison Company in New York. +He arrived in the United States with four cents to his name, a book of poetry and a letter of recommendation from Charles Batchelor (his boss at his last job) to Thomas Edison. +Ancient China had a unique way of showing different historical eras: each stage of China or each family in power was a different dynasty. +Between each dynasty there was also a period of instability with divided provinces. The most famous of these periods was the Three Kingdoms period which lasted for 60 years between the Han and Jin dynasties. +During these periods there were fierce wars between many of the nobles who fought for the throne. +The era of the Three Kingdoms was one of the bloodiest periods in ancient China, with thousands of people dying to sit on the highest seat in the grand palace in Xi'an. +There are many social and political effects such as the use of the metric system, a change from absolute monarchy to republicanism, nationalism and the belief that the country belongs to the people and not to one ruler. +After the Revolution, occupations were open to all men who applied, allowing the most ambitious and successful to rise to the top. +This also applied to the military, as instead of basing the ranks of the army on classes, from now on they were based on relevance. +The French Revolution also inspired many other oppressed workers of other countries to start their own revolutions. +Muhammad was deeply interested in matters that transcend this worldly life. He used to frequent a cave known as "Hira" on Mount "Noor" (light) for contemplation. +The cave itself, which has survived the passage of time, gives a fairly clear picture of Muhammad's spiritual inclinations. +Atop one of the mountains to the north of Mecca, the cave is completely isolated from the rest of the world. +In fact, and even knowing of its existence, it is not easy to find. The isolation is complete once you enter the cave. +There is nothing to see but a serene and beautiful sky above one's head, and the abundant mountains that surround it. There is very little of this world to be seen or felt from within the cave. +The Great Pyramid of Giza is the only one of the Seven Wonders still standing. +Built by the Egyptians in the third century BC, the Great Pyramid is one of many great pyramids built to honor the dead Pharaoh. +The Giza Plateau, or "Giza Necropolis", in the Egyptian Valley of the Kings contains several pyramids (of which the Great Pyramid is the largest), several small tombs, several temples, and the Great Sphinx. +The Great Pyramid was built in honor of the pharaoh Khufu, and many of the smaller pyramids, tombs, and temples were built in honor of the pharaoh's wives and family members. +The "arc up" sign resembles the letter V (ve down) and the "arc down" sign resembles a hook or a square without a lower side. +Up means you start at the tip and pull the bow upwards, and down means you start at the heel (where the hand holds the bow) and pull the bow downwards. +Scraping the strings from right to left produces a softer sound, while scraping them from left to right produces a louder and more assertive sound. +Take the freedom to notate your own indications, but keep in mind that slurs are there for musical reasons, so they should be respected. +King Louis XVI, Queen Marie Antoinette, their two young children (11-year-old Marie Therese and four-year-old Louis-Charles) and the King's sister, Madame Elizabeth, were forced by a mob of market women to return to Paris from Versailles on October 6, 1789. +In a carriage, they returned to Paris surrounded by a crowd of people shouting and jeering threats against the King and Queen. +The crowd forced the king and queen to keep the windows of their carriage fully open. +At one point, a member of the crowd held up the severed head of a Royal Guard killed at Versailles in front of the horrified Queen. +The U.S. imperialist war expenditures during the conquest of the Philippines were paid for by the Filipino people themselves. +They were forced to pay taxes to the American colonial regime, in order to fund much of the interest and expenses of the bonds floated in the name of the Philippine government through Wall Street banks. +Of course, the huge profits derived from the extended exploitation of Filipino people would constitute the basic profits of US imperialism. +To understand the Templars, one must understand the context that led to the creation of the order. +The period in which the events took place is popularly known as the High Middle Ages, the period of European history in the 11th, 12th and 13th centuries (1000 - 1300 AD). +The Middle Ages were preceded by the High Middle Ages and followed by the Late Middle Ages, which conventionally ended around 1500. +Technological determinism is a term that in practice encompasses a wide range of ideas, from technological push or technological imperative to a strict sense that human destiny is guided by an invisible logic associated with scientific laws and its manifestation in technology. +Most interpretations of technological determinism share two general ideas: that the development of technology itself follows a path largely beyond the influence of culture or politics, and that technology, at the same time, has "effects" on societies that are inherent, rather than socially conditioned. +For example, it could be said that cars with internal combustion engines necessarily lead to the development of roads. +However, a network of roads across the country for a handful of cars is not economically viable, so new methods of production are being developed to reduce the cost of owning a car. +Owning too many cars also leads to a higher incidence of road accidents, which leads to the invention of new medical techniques to repair damaged bodies. +Romanticism had an important component of cultural determinism, drawn by writers such as Goethe, Fichte and Schlegel. +In the context of Romanticism, geography formed people, and over time customs and cultures related to that geography were better than arbitrary laws imposed from outside, because they were in harmony with the place and the society. +As Paris is known as the capital of fashion in the modern world, Constantinople was considered the capital of fashion in the feudal Europe. +Its reputation as an epicenter of luxury began around 400 A.D. and lasted until approximately 1100 A.D. +His status waned in the 12th century mainly because the Crusaders brought back silks and spices that were more valuable than those that the Byzantine markets offered. +It was at this time that the title of fashion capital shifted from Constantinople to Paris. +The Gothic style reached its greatest popularity in the period between the 10th and 11th centuries, and in the 14th century. +Initially, clothing was heavily influenced by Byzantine culture in the east. +However, due to the slowness of communication channels, styles could reach the west with a 25-30 year delay. +By the end of the Middle Ages, Western Europe began to develop its own style. One of the major developments of the era was that, as a result of the Crusades, people began to use buttons to fasten clothing. +Subsistence farming is the type of farming that is carried out to produce just enough food to feed only the farmer and his family. +Subsistence agriculture is a simple, often organic, system that uses native seeds from the ecoregion combined with crop rotation or other relatively simple techniques to maximize yield. +Historically, most farmers were engaged in subsistence farming, and this is still the case in many developing nations. +Subcultures bring together like-minded individuals who feel abandoned by the standards of society and allow them to develop a sense of identity. +Subcultures can differ due to age, ethnicity, class, location, and/or gender of their members. +The qualities that determine a subculture as different can be linguistic, aesthetic, religious, political, sexual, geographic, or a combination of factors. +Members of a subculture often distinguish themselves from other subcultures by the distinctive and symbolic use of a style, which includes modes, customs, and argot. +One of the most common methods used to illustrate the importance of socialization is to refer to the few unfortunate cases of children who were not socialized by adults as they grew up, due to neglect, misfortune, or intentional abuse. +These children are called "wild" or "feral." Some wild children have been abandoned by people (usually their parents); in some cases, the abandonment of the child was due to the parents' rejection of the child's severe intellectual or physical disability. +Wild children may have suffered abuse or trauma before being abandoned or running away. +Others are said to have been created by animals; some are said to have lived in the wild on their own. +The feral child, raised only by non-human animals, exhibits behaviors (always within physical limits) nearly identical to those of the animal that raised him, such as fear or indifference toward humans. +While project-based learning should make learning easier and more interesting, the build goes one step further. +The theory of scaffolding is not a method of learning, but a support that provides assistance to individuals who are undergoing a new learning experience, such as learning to use a new computer program or starting a new project. +Bots can be virtual or real: in other words, a professor is a kind of bot, but so is the Microsoft Office assistant. +Virtual labs are embedded in the software and are designed to question, show, and explain procedures that may have been too complicated for the student to do on their own. +Children are given up for adoption for a variety of reasons ranging from abandonment to abuse, including extortion. +No child should grow up in an environment where they are not fed, loved and educated, but some do. +We believe the foster care system is a form of safety for these children. +Our asylum system must provide safe homes, loving carers, stable education and reliable healthcare. +Adoption is supposed to provide all the needs that were not met in the original home. +The Internet combines elements of mass communication with elements of interpersonal communication. +The distinctive features of the Internet bring additional dimensions to the focus on uses and gratifications. +For example, "learning" and "socialization" are cited as important motives for Internet use (James et al., 1995). +Personal involvement and "in-progress relationships" were also identified as new motivators by Eighmey and McCord (1998), when they investigated the public's reaction to websites. +The use of video recording has led to important discoveries in the interpretation of micro-expressions, facial movements that last only a few milliseconds. +In particular, it is claimed that one can detect if a person is lying by correctly interpreting their microexpressions. +Oliver Sacks, in his article The King's Speech, pointed out how people who are unable to understand speech due to brain damage are still able to accurately assess sincerity. +He even suggests that these abilities to interpret human behavior may be shared by animals such as domestic dogs. +In the 20th century, research has shown that there are two sets of genetic variation: hidden and exposed. +The mutation adds new genetic variation, and selection removes it from the set of genetic variation that is expressed. +Segregation and recombination combine variation forward and backward between the two genetic pools in each generation. +In the savanna, it is difficult for a primate with a human-like digestive system to meet its needs for amino acids from the available plant resources. +Furthermore, failing to do so has dire consequences: stunted growth, malnutrition, and ultimately death. +The easiest plant-based proteins to obtain would have been the proteins provided by leaves and legumes, but unless cooked, these are difficult for primates like us humans to digest. +In contrast, foods of animal origin (ants, termites, eggs) are easily digested and provide a large amount of protein containing all essential amino acids. +However, we should not be surprised that our ancestors solved their "protein problem" in much the same way as today's savannah chimpanzees. +Sleep interruption is the process of waking up during normal sleep and returning to sleep within an hour (10 - 60 minutes). +This is easy to do using a quiet alarm clock that wakes you up but doesn't fully wake you up. +If you're one of those who reset the alarm while you're sleeping, try putting it on the other side of the room so you have to get up to turn it off. +Other options based on circadian rhythms include drinking lots of fluids (especially water or tea, a well-known diuretic) before bed, so that one is forced to get up to urinate. +The amount of inner peace that a person possesses is inversely proportional to the amount of tension in body and spirit of the same person. +The lower the tension, the more positive is the vital force present. Every person has the potential to find peace and full satisfaction. +Everyone can reach enlightenment. The only thing that stands in the way is our own tension and negativity. +Tibetan Buddhism is based on the teachings of the Buddha, but it spread through the path of the Mahayana and many Indian yogic techniques. +In essence, Tibetan Buddhism is very simple. It consists of kundaliní yoga, meditation and the path of universal love. +Kundalini yoga awakens the kundalini energy (illustrated energy) through yoga poses, breathing exercises, mantras, and visualizations. +The center of Tibetan meditation is the yoga of deity. Through the visualization of various deities, the energy channels are cleansed, the chakras are activated and enlightenment consciousness is created. +Germany was the common enemy in World War II, which facilitated cooperation between the Soviet Union and the United States. With the armistice came the clash of systems, processes, and cultures, and both countries became enemies. +Two years after the end of the war, former allies were now enemies and the Cold War began. +It continued for the next forty years and was fought in earnest, with detached armies, on battlefields from Africa to Asia, in Afghanistan, in Cuba, and in many other places. +By September 17, 1939, Polish defenses had already been breached and the only hope was to retreat and reorganize at the Romanian bridgehead. +However, these plans became obsolete overnight as more than 800,000 Red Army troops of the Soviet Union entered and created fronts in Belarus and Ukraine after invading eastern Poland, violating the Treaty of Riga, the Soviet-Polish Non-Aggression Pact and other international, bilateral or multilateral treaties. +Using ships to transport goods is, by far, the most efficient way to move large quantities of people and goods across the oceans. +The job of the Marines has traditionally been to ensure that your country maintains the ability to move people and goods, while at the same time interfering with your enemy's ability to move his people and goods. +One of the most recent and relevant examples is the Second World War's North Atlantic Campaign. The United States was trying to move men and materials across the Atlantic Ocean to help Great Britain. +Contemporaneously, the German navy, using mostly submarines, attempted to stop this traffic. +If the Allies had failed, it is likely that Germany would have been able to conquer Britain, as it did the rest of Europe. +It seems that goats were first domesticated about 10,000 years ago in the Zagros Mountains of Iran. +Ancient cultures and tribes began domesticating them for easy access to milk, wool, meat, and hide. +Domesticated goats were usually kept in flocks that grazed on hills or other pastures, often watched over by shepherds who were often children or adolescents. These methods of pasturing are still used today. +The wagons were built in England as early as the 16th century. +Though the rails consisted only of parallel planks of wood, they enabled wagons drawn by horses to attain higher speeds and carry heavier loads in the most difficult parts. +The trusses were introduced fairly early on to keep the tracks in place. However, it was soon realised that the tracks would be more efficient if they were covered in iron. +This became common practice, but the iron wheels wore out the wooden wheels on the wagons. +In the end, wooden wheels were replaced by iron wheels. The first all-iron rails were introduced in 1767. +The first known means of transport was walking, humans began walking upright about two million years ago with the appearance of Homo erectus (meaning upright man). +Their ancestors, the australopithecines, did not usually walk upright. +Bipedal specializations have been found in fossils of Australopithecus dating back 4.2-3.9 million years ago, though Sahelanthropus may have walked on two legs as far back as 7 million years ago. +We can start to live in a more respectful way to the environment, we can join the environmental movement, and we can even become activists to reduce some of the suffering that could exist in the future. +This works only as a symptomatic treatment in most cases. However, if we don't want only a temporary solution, we need to find the root of the problem and disable it. +It is obvious that the world has changed a lot due to the scientific and technological advancements of humanity, and that the problems have grown due to the overpopulation and extravagant lifestyle of humans. +After its adoption by Congress on July 4, an engrossed handwritten copy, signed by President of Congress John Hancock and Secretary Charles Thompson, was sent to John Dunlap's printing office just a few blocks away. +During the night, between 150 and 200 copies were made, known today as "Dunlap broadsides." +The first public reading of the document was performed by John Nixon in the courtyard of Independence Hall on July 8. +One was sent to George Washington on July 6, which he read to his troops in New York on July 9. A copy arrived in London on August 10. +The 25 Dunlap broadsides that are still known to exist are the oldest surviving copies of this document. The original manuscript copy has not survived. +Many paleontologists believe today that a group of dinosaurs survived and that they are alive today. We call them birds. +Many people don't see them as dinosaurs because they have feathers and can fly. +But there are many features of birds that resemble those of a dinosaur. +They have scales on their feet and claws, lay eggs and walk on their hind legs like a Tyrannosaurus Rex. +Almost all of the computers we use today are based on the manipulation of information that is encoded in the form of binary numbers. +A binary number can only have one of two possible values, that is, 0 or 1, and these numbers are known as binary digits or bits, in computer parlance. +Internal poisoning may not be evident immediately. Symptoms, such as vomiting, are too general to make an immediate diagnosis. +The best indication of internal poisoning is the presence of an open container of medicines or household chemicals. +Look for specific first aid instructions on the label for the specific poison. +The term insect is used formally by entomologists for this group of insects. +The term derives from the ancient association with lice, which are highly adapted parasites of humans. +Both bedbugs and cockroaches are nidicolous, adapted to living in the nests or habitats of their hosts. +In the United States, there are approximately 400,000 known cases of Multiple Sclerosis (MS), making it the most common neurological disease in young and middle-aged adults. +EM is a neurological disorder that affects the central nervous system, which includes the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerve. +Research has concluded that women are twice as likely (2 times more) to suffer from multiple sclerosis than men. +A couple may decide that having a baby is not in their best interests or the best interests of their child. +These couples can choose to make an adoption plan for their baby. +In an adoption, the birth parents relinquish their parental rights so that another couple can adopt the child. +The main goal of science is to figure out how the world works through the scientific method. In fact, this method guides most scientific research. +However, experimentation is not the only method, and an experiment is a test used to eliminate one or more of the possible hypotheses; the formulation of questions and observations also guide scientific investigation. +Naturalists and philosophers focused on classical texts, especially the Latin Bible. +Aristotle's opinions on all matters of science, including psychology, were accepted. +As the Greeks' knowledge diminished, the East was cut off from its Greek philosophical and scientific roots. +Many rhythms observed in physiology and behavior often depend crucially on the presence of endogenous cycles and their production by biological clocks. +Periodic rhythms, which are not simply responses to periodic external stimuli, have been documented in most living organisms, including bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals. +Biological clocks are autonomous oscillators that follow a period of inertia even in the absence of external signals. +Hershey and Chase's experiment was one of the first indications that DNA was a genetic material. +Hershey and Chase used phages, or viruses, to implant their own DNA into a bacterium. +They made two experiments by marking the virus's DNA with radioactive phosphorus or the virus's protein with radioactive sulfur. +Mutations can have a variety of different effects depending on the type of mutation, the importance of the piece of genetic material affected, and whether the affected cells are germ line cells. +Only mutations in the germ line cells can be passed on to the children, whereas mutations in any other place can cause cell death or cancer. +Nature-based tourism attracts people who are interested in visiting natural areas to enjoy the scenery, including the wildlife of plants and animals. +Examples of in-situ activities include hunting, fishing, photography, bird watching, and visiting parks and studying ecosystem information. +An example is visiting, photographing and learning about the orangutans of Borneo. +Every morning, people drive out of small rural towns to go to their jobs and pass by others on their way to the job they just left. +In this dynamic vehicle everyone, in some way, is connected to, and supports, a private car-based transport system. +Science today shows us that this coal-fired economy has undermined one of the planet's stable biospheres, which has supported human evolution for the past two million years. +Everyone participates in society and uses transport systems. Almost everyone complains about transport systems. +In developed countries, you rarely hear complaints about the quality of the water or bridges collapsing. +Why do transport systems generate this kind of complaint, why do they fail every day? Are transport engineers incompetent? Or is something more fundamental going on? +Traffic Flow is the study of the movement of individual drivers and vehicles between two points and the interactions that are established between them. +Unfortunately, studying traffic flow is difficult because it is impossible to predict driver behavior with 100 percent certainty. +Fortunately, drivers tend to behave within a fairly constant range; therefore, traffic flow tends to be fairly constant and can be approximately represented mathematically. +To better represent the flow of traffic, relationships have been established between its three primary characteristics: (1) volume, (2) density, and (3) velocity. +These relationships help in the planning, design, and operations of roadway facilities. +Insects were the first animals to conquer the air. Their ability to fly helped them flee enemies more easily and find food and mates more efficiently. +Most insects have the advantage of being able to fold their wings around their body. +This gives them a wide variety of small places to hide from predators. +Today, the only insects that cannot fold their wings are the dragonflies and damselflies. +Thousands of years ago, a man named Aristarch claimed that the solar system revolved around the Sun. +There were people who thought what he said was true, but many people believed the opposite; that the Solar System was moving toward the Earth, including the Sun (and even the other stars). +That makes sense, doesn't it? We don't feel like the Earth is moving, do we? +The Amazon River is the second-longest river and the largest in the world. It carries eight times more water than the second-largest river. +The Amazon is also the widest river in the world, sometimes six miles wide. +Twenty percent of the water that flows out of the planet's rivers into the oceans comes from the Amazon. +The Amazon River mainstem is 6,387 km (3,971 mi) long and collects water from thousands of smaller rivers. +While the construction of stone pyramids continued until the end of the Old Kingdom, the size and technical excellence of the Giza pyramids were never surpassed. +The ancient Egyptians of the New Kingdom were fascinated by the monuments of their predecessors, which were then more than a thousand years old. +The population of the Vatican City is about 800 people. It is the smallest independent country in the world and the country with the lowest population. +The Vatican City uses Italian in its legislation and official communications. +Italian is also the daily language used by the majority of people living in the state, while Latin is often used in religious ceremonies. +All citizens of the Vatican City are Roman Catholics. +Basic chemical elements such as gold, silver, and copper have been known since antiquity, as all of them can be found in nature in their native form and are relatively easy to extract using primitive tools. +Aristotle, a philosopher, proposed that everything is composed of a mixture of one or more of a total of four elements. These were earth, water, air, and fire. +It resembled the four states of matter (in the same order): solid, liquid, gas, and plasma, though, according to his theory, they change to form new substances that make up what we see. +Alloys are basically a mixture of two or more metals. Don't forget that the periodic table has many elements. +Elements such as calcium and potassium are considered metals. Of course, there are other metals such as silver and gold. +One can also have alloys that include small amounts of non-metallic elements, such as carbon. +The entire Universe is made of matter. All matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. +Atoms are so incredibly small that billions of atoms would fit inside the period at the end of this sentence. +Thus, the pencil became a good friend to many people when it was invented. +Unfortunately, with the advent of new writing methods, the pencil has been relegated to a lesser status and use. +Today, messages are written on computer screens, without ever needing a typewriter. +You can only wonder what the keyboard will look like when something new comes along. +The fission bomb works on the principle that energy is needed to fuse a nucleus with many protons and neutrons. +Similar to pushing a heavy cart uphill. Separating the core releases some of that energy. +Some atoms have unstable nuclei, which means they tend to break apart in a small or null collision. +The surface of the Moon is made of rocks and dust. The outer layer of the Moon is called the crust. +The crust measures 70 km (43 mi) in thickness in the closest part and 100 km (62 mi) in the farthest part. +It is thinner under the lunar maria and thicker under the mountainous regions. +There may be more lunar maria on the visible side because the crust is thinner. It was easier for the lava to come to the surface. +Content theories focus on finding out what people like or are interested in. +These theories suggest that people have certain needs and/or desires that are internalized as they mature into adulthood. +These theories look at what makes certain people want to do the things they do and what in their environment will make them do or not do certain things. +Two famous content theories are Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory and Hertzberg's Two Factor Theory. +In general, two behaviors can emerge as managers begin to lead their former peers. One extreme is trying to act like "one of the guys" (or girls). +This type of manager has difficulty making unpopular decisions, applying disciplinary actions, conducting evaluations, assigning responsibilities, and holding others accountable for their actions. +On the flip side, you become an unrecognizable individual who feels like he has to change everything that the team has been doing and make it his own. +Ultimately, the leader is responsible for the success and failure of the team. +This behavior often leads to bickering between the leaders and the rest of the team. +Virtual teams are subject to the same standards of excellence as conventional teams, but with a few small differences. +Members of a virtual group often function as a point of contact for their physical group. +They often have more autonomy than members of conventional teams, as their teams can meet across different time zones that the local direction may not understand. +The presence of a true "invisible team" (Larson and LaFasto, 1989, p.109) is also a unique component of a virtual team. +The "invisible team" is the admin team to which each member is directed. The invisible team sets the standards for each member. +Why would an organization want to go through the long process of establishing an organizational learning organization? One of the reasons for putting into practice concepts of organizational learning is innovation. +Creativity and ingenuity can flourish when all available resources are used efficiently in the functional departments of an organization. +Thus, the collaborative work of an organization to overcome adversity can lead to an innovative process to meet the client's need. +For an organization to be innovative, leadership must create a culture of innovation as well as shared knowledge and organizational learning. +Angel (2006) explains the continuous approach as a method used to help organizations achieve a higher level of performance. +Neurobiological data provided physical evidence for a theoretical approach to the study of cognition. Thus, it narrowed the area of investigation and made it much more precise. +The correlation between brain disorders and behavior validates scientists' research. +It has long been known that different types of brain damage, trauma, injuries, and tumors affect behavior and cause changes in some mental functions. +The rise of new technologies allows us to see and investigate brain structures and processes never before seen. +This gives us a lot of information and material to build models of simulation that help us understand processes in our mind. +While AI has strong sci-fi connotations, it is a very important branch of computer science that studies the behavior, learning, and intelligent adaptation of machines. +AI research involves building machines to automate tasks that require intelligent behavior. +Examples include control, planning and programming, the ability to respond to client diagnosis and questions as well as recognition of writing, voice and face. +These things have become separate disciplines that focus on providing solutions to real-world problems. +The AI system is now widely used in economic, medical, engineering and military fields, as it has been built into various home computing applications and video games. +Field trips are an important part of any class. Often, a teacher would love to take her students to places that a bus ride is not an option. +Technology offers the solution with virtual field trips. Students can see museum artifacts, visit an aquarium or admire the beauty of art while sitting with their class. +Sharing a virtual journey is also an excellent way to reflect on a journey and share experiences with future students. +For example, each year the students at Bennet School in North Carolina design a website about their trip to the State Capital, each year the website is updated, but the old versions are kept online as a scrapbook of memories. +Blogs can also help improve students' writing. While students often begin their blogging experience with poor grammar and spelling, this often changes with the existence of an audience. +As students are often the most critical audience, the blogger starts trying to improve their writing in order to avoid criticism. +Furthermore, blogs "force students to be smarter about the world around them." The need to feed the audience's interest inspires students to be smart and curious (Toto, 2004). +Blogging is a tool that encourages collaboration and encourages students to extend learning beyond the traditional school day. +The appropriate use of blogs can help students become more analytical and critical; they can define their positions in the context in which others are writing and also highlight their own perspectives on specific topics by responding actively to online materials (Oravec, 2002). +Ottawa is the charming bilingual capital of Canada and is home to a number of art galleries and museums that showcase Canada's past and present. +To the south are the Niagara Falls and to the north lies the pristine natural beauty of Muskoka and beyond. +These are all the elements, among others, that make Ontario stand out to outsiders as the quintessential Canadian city. +The population of the great northern expanses is relatively sparse, and some areas are almost uninhabited wilderness. +For a population comparison that is often surprising: there are more African-Americans living in the U.S. than Canadian citizens. +The East African Islands are located in the Indian Ocean off the eastern coast of Africa. +Madagascar is by far the largest, and a continent in itself when it comes to wildlife. +Most of the smaller islands are independent nations, or associated with France, and are known as luxury beach resorts. +The Arabs also brought Islam to the lands, and it took a great journey to the Comoros and Mayotte. +European influence and colonialism began in the 15th century when Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama found the Cape of Good Hope route to India. +To the north, the region borders the Sahel, and to the south and west with the Atlantic Ocean. +Women: It is advisable for any female traveler to say she is married, regardless of her actual civil status. +It's also useful to wear a ring (one that doesn't look too cheap). +Women should be aware that cultural differences can lead to what they would consider harassment, and it is not uncommon to be followed, grabbed by the arm, etc. +Reject men with firmness, and don't be afraid to defend your position (with or without cultural differences, that's not good!). +The modern city of Casablanca was founded by Amazigh fishermen in the 10th century ANE, and Phoenicians, Romans, and Berbers used it as a strategic port, known as Anfa. +The Portuguese destroyed it and rebuilt it under the name Casa Branca, only to abandon it after an earthquake in 1755. +The sultan of Morocco rebuilt the city under the name of Daru l-Badya, the name Casablanca comes from the Spanish merchants who established trading bases there. +Casablanca is one of the least interesting places to shop in Morocco. +Around the old Medina you can easily find shops selling traditional Moroccan products such as tagines, pottery, leather goods, hookahs, and a wide range of souvenirs, but it's all geared towards tourists. +Goma is a tourist city in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, on the eastern edge, near Rwanda. +In 2002, Goma was largely destroyed by lava from the volcano Nyiragongo, which buried most of the city's streets, especially in the center. +Although Goma is relatively safe, it would be prudent to investigate before traveling outside the city to assess the ongoing fighting in North Kivu Province. +The city is also the base for climbing the Nyiragongo volcano and for some of the cheapest mountain gorilla trekking in Africa. +You can use boda-boda (motorcycle taxis) to move around Goma. The normal (local) price is around 500 Congolese francs for a short trip. +Combined with its relative inaccessibility, "Timbuktu" has come to be used as a metaphor for exotic, distant lands. +Today, Tombouctou is a poor city, but its reputation makes it a tourist attraction, and it has an airport. +In 1990, it was added to the list of World Heritage Sites in Danger due to the threat of desertification. +It was one of the main stops on Henry Louis Gates' PBS special "Wonders of the African World." +The city stands in stark contrast to the rest of the country because it has a more Arab than African feel to it. +Kruger National Park is located in northeastern South Africa and borders Mozambique to the east, and Zimbabwe to the north, with the Crocodile River forming the southern border. +The park covers 19,500 km² and is divided into 14 different ecozones, each supporting diverse wildlife. +It is one of the most important attractions in South Africa and is considered the benchmark for South African National Parks (SANParks). +As with all South African national parks, there is a daily conservation and entry fee. +It can also be beneficial to buy a Wild Card, which allows entry to a selection of South African parks, or to all of South Africa's National Parks. +Hong Kong Island gives its name to the territory of Hong Kong and is the place that many tourists consider to be the main center. +The set of buildings that make up the silhouette of Hong Kong has been likened to a brilliant bar graph that becomes apparent with the presence of the waters of Victoria Harbour. +For the best views of Hong Kong, leave the island and head to the other side of Kowloon's waterfront promenade. +Most of Hong Kong Island's urban development is densely populated on land reclaimed from the sea along the north coast. +This is where the British colonists settled, so it's a good place to start if you're looking for evidence of the colonial past of the territory. +The Sundarbans are the world's largest contiguous mangrove forest, stretching 80 km (50 mi) inland from the coast of Bangladesh and India. +UNESCO has declared the Sundarbans a World Heritage Site. The part of the forest within Indian territory is called the Sundarbans National Park. +The forests are not just mangrove swamps - they include some of the last remnants of the mighty jungles that once covered the Gangetic plain. +The Sundarbans cover an area of 3,850 km², of which about a third is covered in water/swampy areas. +Since 1966, the Sundarbans have become a sanctuary for wildlife, with an estimated 400 Bengal tigers and 30,000 spotted deer. +Buses depart from the inter-district bus station (on the other side of the river) throughout the day, though most, especially those heading east and to Jakar/Bumthang leave between 06:30 and 07:30. +Because buses between districts are often full, it is advisable to buy a ticket in advance. +Most districts are served by small Japanese buses, which are comfortable and robust. +Shared taxis are a quick and comfortable way to get to nearby places, such as Paro (Nu 150) and Panakha (Nu 200). +The Oyapock River Bridge is a suspension bridge. It spans the Oyapock River to connect the cities of Oiapoque in Brazil and Saint-Georges de l'Oyapock in French Guiana. +The two towers have a height of 83 metres, are 378 metres long and have two lanes of 3.5 metres width. +The open space under the bridge is 15 metres high. Although construction was completed in August 2011, it was not possible to pass through until March 2017. +The bridge is expected to be fully functional by September 2017, when Brazilian customs are expected to be ready. +The Guaraní were the most important indigenous group living in what is now eastern Paraguay, living as hunter-gatherers who also practiced subsistence agriculture. +The Chaco region was home to other indigenous tribes such as the Guaycurú and the Payaguá, who survived by hunting, gathering, and fishing. +Paraguay, formerly known as "The Giant Province of the Indies," was created in the 16th century as a result of the encounter between Spanish conquerors and indigenous groups. +The Spanish began a three-century period of colonization. +Since the founding of Asunción in 1537, Paraguay has managed to retain much of its indigenous character and identity. +Argentina is famous for having one of the best polo teams and players in the world. +The sport's most important annual tournament takes place in December at the Las Cañitas polo fields. +It also hosts smaller tournaments and matches throughout the year. +For news on tournaments or where to buy tickets for polo matches, visit the Argentine Polo Association. +The official currency of the Falkland Islands is the Falkland Islands pound (FKP), with a fixed value equivalent to one pound sterling (GBP). +Money can be exchanged at the only bank on the islands, which is located in Stanley, in front of the FIC West store. +Generally, British pounds are accepted throughout the islands and in Stanley credit cards and US dollars are also accepted. +Credit cards are unlikely to be accepted on the outlying islands, although they may accept British and US currency; check with the owners in advance to determine which payment methods are accepted. +It is almost impossible to exchange currency in the Falklands outside of the islands, so you'll have to take it with you. +Because Montevideo is south of the equator, it is summer there when it is winter in the northern hemisphere, and vice versa. +Montevideo is in the subtropical zone. In the summer months, temperatures above 30 °C (86 °F) are common. +Winter can be falsely cold: temperatures rarely dip below zero, but the wind and humidity combine to make it feel colder than the thermometer indicates. +There are no particularly "wet" or "dry" stations: the amount of rainfall is more or less constant throughout the year. +While many of the park's animals are accustomed to seeing humans, they are still wildlife and should not be fed or bothered. +According to park officials, stay at least 100 yards/meters away from bears and wolves and at least 25 yards/meters away from other wild animals! +As cuddly as they may seem, bison, moose, bears, and almost all large animals can attack. +Each year, dozens of visitors are injured by not giving them enough space. These animals are large, wild and potentially dangerous, so give them their space. +Also keep in mind that odors attract bears and other wild animals, so avoid carrying or cooking food with strong odors and keep your campsite clean. +Apia is the capital of Samoa. The city is located on the island of Upolu and has a population of nearly 40,000. +Apia was founded in the 1850s and is the official capital of Samoa since 1959. +The port was the scene of a famous mutiny in 1889, when seven ships from Germany, the United States and Britain refused to leave. +All ships were sunk, except for a British cruiser. In addition, nearly 200 American and German lives were lost. +During the struggle for independence organized by the Mau movement, a peaceful meeting in the city resulted in the death of supreme leader Tupua Tamasese Lealofi III. +Beaches are plentiful, as Auckland straddles two harbours. The most popular are in three areas. +The beaches of North Shore (in the North Harbour district) face the Pacific Ocean and stretch from Long Bay in the north to Devonport in the south. +Most of them are sandy beaches where swimming is safe, and most have shade thanks to the pohutukawa trees. +Tamaki Drive beaches are on Waitemata Harbour, in the expensive Mission Bay and St Heliers suburbs of Central Auckland. +These are often family-friendly beaches with a good range of shops along the coast. Swimming is safe. +The most well-known local beer is "Number One"; it's not a complex beer, but it's pleasant and refreshing. The other local beer is called "Manta". +Many French wines are available, but New Zealand and Australian wines do not travel well. +It's totally safe to drink from the local tap, but if you're worried, bottled water is easy to find. +For Australians, the concept of a flat white is alien. A short black is an espresso, a cappuccino comes well-topped with milk (no foam), and tea is served without milk. +The melted chocolate meets Belgian standards. The fruit juices are expensive but the quality is excellent. +Throughout the year many trips are made to the reef and injuries are rare from any of these causes. +Nonetheless, follow the advice of authorities, heed all warning signs, and pay close attention to safety warnings. +Cubozoans are found near beaches and river estuaries from October to April in northern 1770. Occasionally they can be found outside of these months. +Sharks do exist, but they rarely attack humans. Most sharks fear humans and swim away from them. +Sea crocodiles are not active in the ocean; their main habitat is the estuaries of the rivers north of Rockhampton. +Booking in advance gives the traveller the peace of mind that they will have somewhere to sleep when they arrive at their destination. +Travel agents often have deals with specific hotels, but you can book other forms of accommodation, such as camping, through a travel agent. +Travel agents often offer packages that include breakfast, transport to/from the airport or even packages that combine flights and hotels. +They can also keep you on reserve if you need time to think about the offer or to prepare other documents for your destination (such as a visa). +Any request or suggestion should be sent first to the travel agency and not to the hotel. +At some festivals, the vast majority of attendees choose to camp on site, and most attendees consider it an integral part of the experience. +If you want to be close to the action, you'll need to get there early to get a spot to camp near the music. +It's worth remembering that while the main stages may have stopped playing by midnight, there will still be sections of the festival going on until the early hours of the morning. +Some festivals have special camping areas for families with young children. +If you cross the Baltic in winter, check the location of the cabin, because crossing ice makes a terrible racket in the worst affected areas. +Cruises to St. Petersburg include time in the city. Passenger cruises are exempt from visa requirements (check conditions). +Casinos typically strive to maximize the time and money that their patrons spend there. Windows and clocks are rare, and exits can be difficult to find. +They often have special foods, drinks, and entertainment to entice guests and keep them from leaving the establishment. +Some casinos offer alcoholic drinks inside the house. However, intoxication impairs judgment, and all good "gamblers" know it's important to stay sober. +Those travelling to high latitudes or mountainous areas should consider the possibility of snow, ice or very low temperatures. +Friction is low on icy and snowy roads, and you can't drive as if you're on bare asphalt. +During snowstorms, enough snow can fall in a short amount of time to trap you. +Visibility can also be reduced by falling or blown snow, or by condensation or ice on vehicle windows. +Meanwhile, snow and ice conditions are normal in many countries, and traffic continues to flow uninterrupted throughout the year. +Safaris are probably the main tourist attraction in Africa and most relevant to many tourists. +The term safari in popular usage refers to travel over land to see Africa's fantastic wildlife, especially in the savannah. +Some animals, such as elephants or giraffes, tend to approach cars, and standard equipment will provide good views. +Animals such as lions, cheetahs, and leopards can sometimes be shy, and that's why you're more likely to see them using binoculars. +A walking safari (also known as "rural walking", "walking safari" or "footing") consists of hiking, either for a few hours or for several days. +The Paralympic Games will take place from August 24 to September 5, 2021. Some events will be held in other parts of Japan. +Tokyo will be the first Asian city to have hosted two Summer Olympics, having hosted the games in 1964. +If you booked your flights and accommodation for 2020 before the postponement was announced, you could find yourself in a tricky situation. +Cancellation policies vary, but as of late March, most coronavirus-related cancellation policies do not extend to July 2020, when the Olympics were scheduled to be held. +Most of the entries are expected to cost between 2,500 yen and 130,000 yen, with a typical entry costing around 7,000 yen. +Ironing a wet garment can help to dry it. In many hotels you can request an iron and ironing board, even if there isn't one in the room. +If there is no iron available or if you do not like ironed socks, then you can try using a hair dryer, if available. +Take care not to overheat the fabric (it could shrink or, in extreme cases, scorch). +There are different ways to purify water, and some are more effective against certain threats. +In some areas, the water is boiling for a minute; in others, it takes a few minutes. +Efficiency varies from filter to filter, and if you're concerned you should consider buying bottled water from a well-known brand in sealed bottles. +Travelers may encounter animals they are not familiar with in their regions of origin. +Pests can damage food, cause irritation or, in the worst cases, cause allergic reactions, spread poison or transmit infections. +Infectious diseases, or animals capable of injuring or killing people by force, are usually not considered plagues. +Duty-free shopping is an opportunity to buy tax-free and duty-free goods in certain places. +Travelers bound for countries with high taxes on alcohol and tobacco can save a significant amount of money, especially on products such as alcohol and tobacco. +The stretch between Point Marion and Fairmont features the most challenging driving conditions on the Buffalo-Pittsburgh Turnpike, which frequently passes through isolated wooded areas. +If you're not used to driving on country roads, take care: there are steep gradients, narrow stretches and tight bends. +The posted speed limits are notably lower than those on other stretches of road - usually 35-40 mph (56-64 km/h) - and strict adherence to those limits is even more important. +While it's curious, cell service is stronger here than in many other parts of the route, such as Pennsylvania Wilds. +German pastry is very good and Bavarian pastry is much and very varied, resembling Austrian, its southern neighbours. +Fruit pastes are common, with cooked apples in the pastes all year round and cherries and plums in the summer. +Many German baked goods also contain nuts, such as almonds, hazelnuts, and other dried fruits. The most well-known pastries are often paired with a strong cup of coffee. +For small but flavorful pastries, try Berliner, Pfannkuchen or Krapfen, depending on the region. +A curry is a dish based on herbs and spices, with meat or vegetables. +The curry can be either "dry" or "wet" depending on the amount of liquid. +In the interior regions of northern India and Pakistan, yogurt is often used in curries; in southern India and other coastal regions of the subcontinent, coconut milk is commonly used. +With 17,000 islands to choose from, Indonesian cuisine is a catch-all term for a wide variety of regional cuisines found throughout the country. +However, when used without any qualifier, the term generally refers to the original food of the central and eastern regions of the main island of Java. +Today, Javanese cuisine can be found all over the archipelago and offers a wide variety of simply flavored dishes. The favorite flavors of the Javanese are cacauets, peanuts, sugar (especially Javanese coconut sugar) and various aromatic spices. +Stirrups are supports for the genet's feet that hang from either side of the saddle. +They are more stable genetically, but can present safety issues because the genet's feet could get caught in them. +If a jockey is thrown from a horse but has a foot stuck in the stirrup, he could be dragged if the horse runs away. To minimize this risk, several safety precautions can be taken. +To begin with, the majority of jockeys wear riding boots with a buckle and a single thin and very thin sole. +Furthermore, many saddles, particularly English ones, have safety bars that allow the leather of the flap to fall off the saddle if a rider pulls back on the reins while falling. +Cochamó Valley: Chile's premier rock climbing destination, also known as South America's Yosemite, boasts many large granite walls and cliffs. +The views from the peaks are breathtaking. Climbers from all over the world are constantly establishing new routes on its seemingly endless expanse of walls. +Alpine sports, which include skiing and snowboarding, are popular sports that involve sliding downhill on snow-covered slopes with skis or a snowboard attached to your feet. +Skiing is an important travel activity with many enthusiasts, often known as "ski bums," who plan entire vacations around skiing at a particular place. +The concept of skiing is very ancient - there are cave paintings depicting skiers dating back to 5000 BC! +Alpine skiing as a sport can be traced back to at least the 17th century, but it was in 1861 that a group of Norwegians opened the first recreational ski club in Australia. +Travelling with a backpack on skis: this activity is also known as rural skiing, ski touring or ski hiking. +He is related to it, but generally does not involve alpine or mountaineering, which are executed on rocky terrain and require skis and much stiffer boots. +Imagine a ski route as something similar to a hiking route. +In good condition, you'll be able to cover slightly longer distances than walking - although you'll rarely reach the speed of cross-country skiing without a bulky backpack on flat trails. +Europe is a relatively small continent with many independent countries. Under normal circumstances, traveling between various countries would involve having to make many visa applications and passport checks. +The Schengen area, however, operates as a single country in this respect. +While you're in this area, generally you can cross borders without having to go through passport control again. +Similarly, having a Schengen visa does not require you to apply for a separate visa for each Schengen country, saving time, money and paperwork. +There is no universal definition for manufactured items that are considered antiques. Some tax agencies determine that items over 100 years old are antiques. +The definition varies geographically, where the age limit may be lower in places such as North America compared to Europe. +Artisan products can be classified as antiques, even though they are more recent than other similar mass-produced items. +The reindeer herding is an important means of subsistence for the Sami and the culture that surrounds the trading is also important for many with other occupations. +Even in tradition, however, not all Sami were involved in large-scale reindeer herding, but rather lived by fishing, hunting, and similar activities, keeping reindeer primarily as draft animals. +Today, many Sami work in modern professions. Tourism is an important source of income in Sápmi, the Sami territory. +Although widely used, especially among non-Roma, the word "gypsy" is often considered offensive due to its association with negative stereotypes and inaccurate perceptions of the Romani people. +If the country you are visiting is subject to a travel advisory, your travel insurance or cancellation insurance may be affected. +You may be interested in hearing the recommendations of governments other than your own, but their recommendations are intended for their citizens. +For example, U.S. citizens in the Middle East could be exposed to different situations than Europeans or Arabs. +Councils are simply a brief summary of the political situation in a country. +Considerations presented are usually brief, general, and oversimplified compared to the more detailed information available at any other site. +Extreme weather condition is the general term for any hazardous weather phenomenon that has the potential to cause damage, significant disruption to society or loss of life. +Extreme weather can occur anywhere in the world, and there are different types that can depend on geography, topography, and atmospheric conditions. +Strong winds, hail, excessive precipitation, and uncontrolled wildfires are forms and effects of adverse climate phenomena, such as storms, tornadoes, flash floods, and hurricanes. +Among severe regional and stationary phenomena are thunderstorms, snowstorms, and sandstorms. +Travelers are strongly advised to monitor any risk of adverse weather that may affect their area and alter their travel plans. +Anyone intending to visit a country that could be considered a war zone should undergo professional training. +A web search for "Hostile Environment Training" is likely to turn up the address of a local company. +A normal course will cover all of the problems discussed here in greater detail, usually with practical experience. +A normal course will last between 2 and 5 days and will include role-playing, lots of first aid, and sometimes weapons training. +Books and magazines about survival in the wild are common, but few publications deal with war zones. +Travelers who plan to undergo sex reassignment surgery in another country should ensure they have valid travel documents for the return trip. +The availability of governments to issue passports that do not specify sex (X) or updated documents to show the desired name or sex is variable. +The willingness of foreign governments to honor these documents can vary widely. +Airport security checkpoints have also become much more invasive in the post-9/11 era. +Pre-operative transsexuals should not be expected to pass through scanners with their privacy and dignity intact. +Backwash currents are the flow that returns after waves crash onto the beach, often onto a reef or similar. +Because of the topography of the water, the return flow is concentrated in a few deep stations, and a strong current can be formed towards deep water. +Most deaths occur as a result of exhaustion trying to swim back against the current, which can be impossible. +As soon as you're out of the current, swimming back isn't any more difficult than usual. +Aim for somewhere where you won't be recaptured or, depending on your skills or if you've been informed, perhaps you want to wait for a rescue. +The rebound shock comes before the cultural shock (with a smaller honeymoon phase), lasts longer and can be more severe. +Travelers who find it easy to adapt to a new culture often find it particularly difficult to return to their native culture. +When you return home after living abroad, you've already adapted to a new culture and lost some of the habits of your native culture. +When you go abroad, at first people are patient and understanding, knowing that travelers in a new country need to adapt. +Sometimes you don't realize that patience and understanding are also needed when travelers return home. +The sound and light show at the pyramid is one of the most interesting things to do in the area for kids. +You can see the pyramids in the dark and in silence before the show begins. +You generally hear the sounds of tourists and vendors. The story of sound and light is, in fact, a fairy tale. +The Sphinx is the backdrop and narrator of a long story. +The scenes of the story are shown on the pyramids, which light up at the same time. +The South Shetland Islands, discovered in 1819, are disputed by many nations and have the most bases, with sixteen active in 2020. +The archipelago lies 120 km (75 mi) north of the peninsula. The largest island is King George Island with the settlement Villa Las Estrellas. +Among them are the islands of Livingston and Deception, where the caldera of an active volcano provides a spectacular natural harbor. +Ellsworth Land is the southern part of the Peninsula, bounded by the Bellingshausen Sea. +The mountains here merge and form a plateau, then re-emerge to form the 240-mile-long Ellsworth Range, split by the Minnesota Glacier. +The northern or Sentinel Range has the highest mountains in Antarctica, the Vinson Massif, with a maximum of 4,892 m (16,050 ft) at Mount Vinson. +In remote locations with no cell phone coverage, satellite phone may be your only option. +A satellite phone is not just a substitute for a mobile phone, as you need to be outdoors with a clear line of sight to make a phone call. +The service is typically used on ships, including recreational vessels, as well as expeditions that require remote data and voice. +Your local telephone service provider should be able to give you more information on how to connect to this service. +An increasingly popular option for people considering a sabbatical is to travel and learn. +This is especially popular among students who have not finished their studies, giving them the opportunity to take a year out before starting university, without compromising their education. +Enrolling in an overseas sabbatical year course often improves your chances of starting a new undergraduate degree in your home country. +Typically there will be registration fees to enroll in these educational programs. +Finland is an important destination for boating. The "Land of a Thousand Lakes" also has thousands of islands in its lakes and coastal archipelagos. +You don't need a yacht in the archipelagos and lakes. +While any boat can pass through coastal archipelagos and large lakes, smaller boats or even a kayak offer a different experience. +Recreational boating is a national pastime in Finland, with a boat for every 7 or 8 people. +This puts Norway, Sweden and New Zealand in the same bracket, but it is also very special (for example, in the Netherlands the ratio is one to forty). +Most of the various Baltic cruises make an extended stay in St. Petersburg, Russia. +This means that it is possible to visit the historic center of the city using a couple of full days returning to the ship at night. +If you only disembark for excursions, you do not need an independent visa (as of 2009). +Some cruise lines feature Berlin, Germany, in their brochures. As you can see on the map above, Berlin is nowhere near the sea and a visit to the city is not included in the price of the cruise. +Flying can be a terrifying experience for people of all ages and backgrounds, especially if they haven't flown before or have had a traumatic experience. +It's not something to be ashamed of: it's no different from the fears and anxieties that many people feel about other things. +For some, knowing how an airplane works and what happens during a flight can help to overcome a fear that is based on the unknown or a lack of control. +Messaging companies charge well to deliver things quickly. Often, time is very important for business documents, shipping or spare parts for an urgent repair. +In some routes, the larger carriers have their own aircraft, but there was a problem with other routes and smaller carriers. +If they were shipped by air, there are routes where the unloading and customs clearance can take days. +The only way to get it there faster was to send it as checked luggage. Airline regulations won't allow them to send luggage without a passenger to carry it, and that's where you come in. +The obvious way to fly first class or business class is to pay a lot of money for the privilege (or, even better, have your company do it for you). +However, that's not cheap: on average, you can expect to pay up to four times the price of an economy ticket for business class, and up to eleven times for first class! +In general, it doesn't make sense to look for discounts on business or first class seats on direct flights from A to B. +Airlines know that there is a certain group of passengers who are willing to pay more for the privilege of getting to a place quickly and comfortably, and are willing to pay accordingly. +The capital of Moldova is Chi?in?u. The native language is Romanian, but Russian is widely used. +Moldova is a multi-ethnic republic that has suffered ethnic conflicts. +In 1994, the conflict led to the creation of the self-proclaimed Republic of Transnistria, in eastern Moldova, which has its own government and currency, but is not recognized by any UN member state. +Economic links have been restored between the two parts of Moldova despite the failure of political negotiations. +Moldova's main religion is Orthodox Christianity. +Izmir is the third-largest city in Turkey, with a population of approximately 3.7 million people, the second-largest port after Istanbul, and a very good transport hub. +What was once the ancient city of Smyrna is now a modern, developed and bustling commercial center surrounding a huge bay and surrounded by mountains. +Wide boulevards, glass-fronted buildings and modern shopping malls are dotted with traditional red-tiled roofs, the 18th-century market and ancient mosques and churches, but the city exudes more of a Mediterranean European vibe than a traditional Turkish one. +From the village of Haldarsvík you can enjoy views of the neighbouring island of Eysturoy. There is also a very unusual octagonal church. +The churchyard has some interesting marble carvings of doves on some tombs. +It's worth spending half an hour to an hour and a half walking around the interesting town. +To the north and easily accessible is the romantic and fascinating village of Sintra, which became famous to foreigners after a brilliant account of its splendor was recorded by Lord Byron. +The Scotturb 403 bus runs regularly to Sintra, stopping at Cabo da Roca. +Also in the north, visit the great Shrine of Our Lady of Fatima, a place of Marian apparitions known around the world. +Please remember that essentially you are visiting a mass grave and a place of almost incalculable significance to a significant part of the world's population. +Still, many men and women survived their time here, and many more had loved ones who were murdered or worked to death, Jewish and non-Jewish alike. +Please treat the place with all the dignity, solemnity and respect it deserves. Don't make jokes about the Holocaust or the Nazis. +Don't deface the place by painting or etching graffiti on the structures. +The official languages of Barcelona are Catalan and Castilian. About half prefer to speak Catalan, a large majority understand it, and almost everyone speaks Castilian. +However, most signs are only in Catalan because it is, by law, the official priority language. +However, Spanish is also widely used in public transport and other facilities. +Regular station announcements are made only in Catalan, but unscheduled interruptions are announced by an automated system in many languages including Spanish, English, French, Arabic and Japanese. +Parisians have a reputation for being egotistical, rude and arrogant. +While this is usually just an imprecise stereotype, the best way to get by in Paris is to act as best you can, to act as if you are "well-bred" (well-mannered). This will make it much easier for you to get by. +The brusqueness of the Parisians disappears quickly if you show a minimum of courtesy. +The Plitvice Lakes National Park is very wooded, with beeches, pines and firs, and contains a mixture of alpine and Mediterranean vegetation. +Enjoy a wide variety of plant communities, thanks to its range of microclimates, soils, and elevations. +The area is also home to a vast array of animal and bird species. +It is home to unique fauna such as the Eurasian brown bear, wolf, eagle, owl, lynx, wildcat and pine marten, as well as many more common species. +During visits to monasteries, women must wear skirts that cover their knees and also cover their shoulders. +Most monasteries offer covers for women who aren't prepared, but if you bring your own, especially a brightly colored one, you'll get a smile from the monk or nun at the entrance. +Similarly, men must also wear pants that cover their knees. +This piece can also be requested at the entrance, but it is clothing that cannot be washed after every use, so perhaps you feel uncomfortable wearing these bloomers. The fit is unique! +Mallorcan cuisine, like that of other Mediterranean regions, is based on bread, vegetables and meat (especially pork), and uses olive oil throughout. +A simple and popular summer meal is Pa amb Oli: bread with olive oil, tomato and any condiment available such as cheese, tuna, etc. +All nouns, including Sie for you, always begin with a capital letter, even if they are in the middle of a sentence. +This is a good way to distinguish some object verbs. +It can be said that it facilitates reading, but writing is a bit complicated because you have to find out if a verb or adjective is used substantivally. +Pronunciation is relatively simple in Italian, as most words are pronounced exactly as they are written. +The main letters to watch out for are c and g, as their pronunciation varies depending on the vowels that follow them. +Also, be sure to pronounce the r and rr differently: caro means beloved, while carro means carriage. +Persian has a relatively simple and largely regular grammar. +Therefore, reading these basic concepts of grammar will help you a lot in learning Persian grammar and understanding sentences better. +It goes without saying that if you know a romance language it will be easier for you to learn Portuguese. +However, people who know a little bit of Spanish can quickly conclude that Portuguese is so similar that it doesn't need to be studied separately. +Most premodern observatories are obsolete today, and remain as museums, or places of education. +As light pollution was not a problem at the time, they are usually found in cities or campuses, which are easier to access than those built today. +Most modern research telescopes are huge installations in remote areas with favorable atmospheric conditions. +The contemplation of cherry blossoms, known as hanami, has been a part of Japanese culture since the 8th century. +The concept comes from China, where the cherry blossom was the most prized flower. +In Japan, the first celebrations of cherry blossoms were organized by the emperor only for himself and other members of the aristocracy around the imperial court. +Plants look their best in a natural environment, so resist the temptation to take "just one" specimen. +If you visit a formally arranged garden and take any "samples", you will be ejected without hesitation. +Generally, Singapore is an extremely safe and easy place to navigate, and you can buy just about anything once you arrive. +But being in the "high tropics" just a few degrees north of the equator means you'll have to contend with heat (always) and strong sun (when the sky is clear, less often). +There are also some buses that go north to Hebron, the traditional burial place of the biblical patriarchs Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, and their wives. +Check that the bus you want to take goes to Hebron and not just to the nearby Jewish settlement of Kiryat Arba. +Inland waterways can be a good subject for a holiday. +For example, visiting castles in the Loire Valley, Rhine Valley or taking a cruise to interesting cities along the Danube or sailing through the Erie Canal. +They also establish routes for well-known hiking and cycling circuits. +Nadal is one of the most important Christian holidays, and it celebrates the birth of Jesus. +Non-believers from Christian and non-Christian countries around the world have adopted many of the traditions surrounding the holiday. +There is a tradition of spending the night of Easter Eve outdoors, watching the sun rise. +Of course, there are Christian theological explanations for this tradition, but it is very plausible that it is a pre-Christian spring and fertility ritual. +Traditional churches often hold an Easter Vigil on Saturday night during the Easter weekend, and congregations often begin the celebrations at midnight to celebrate the resurrection of Christ. +All the animals that originally arrived on the island did so by swimming, flying or floating. +The great distance from the continent prevented mammals from reaching the islands, and this allowed the giant tortoise to become the Galapagos' first grazing animal. +Since the arrival of man to the Galapagos, many mammals such as goats, horses, cows, rats, cats and dogs have been introduced. +If you visit the Arctic or Antarctic in winter, you'll experience the polar night, when the sun never rises above the horizon. +This provides a good opportunity to see the northern lights, as the sky will remain dark for most of the day. +Because the areas are sparsely populated, and thus light pollution is not usually a problem, you can also enjoy the stars. +Japanese work culture is more hierarchical and formal than Westerners are used to seeing. +Suits are the standard business attire, and co-workers are referred to by their family names or job titles. +Peace at work is crucial, emphasizing the group effort over individual success. +Workers often need approval from their superiors for any decision they make, and are expected to follow their superiors' instructions without questioning them.