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license: apache-2.0
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language:
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pipeline_tag: image-text-to-text
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tags:
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- multimodal
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- gui
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library_name: transformers
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---
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# UI-TARS-72B-SFT
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[UI-TARS-2B-SFT](https://huggingface.co/bytedance-research/UI-TARS-2B-SFT) |
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[UI-TARS-
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[UI-TARS-7B-
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[UI-TARS-
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year = {2025}
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}
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```
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---
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license: apache-2.0
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language:
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- en
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pipeline_tag: image-text-to-text
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tags:
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- multimodal
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- gui
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library_name: transformers
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---
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# UI-TARS-72B-SFT
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[UI-TARS-2B-SFT](https://huggingface.co/bytedance-research/UI-TARS-2B-SFT) |
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[UI-TARS-7B-SFT](https://huggingface.co/bytedance-research/UI-TARS-7B-SFT) |
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[**UI-TARS-7B-DPO**](https://huggingface.co/bytedance-research/UI-TARS-7B-DPO)(Recommended) |
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[UI-TARS-72B-SFT](https://huggingface.co/bytedance-research/UI-TARS-72B-SFT) |
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[UI-TARS-72B-DPO](https://huggingface.co/bytedance-research/UI-TARS-72B-DPO)
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## Introduction
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UI-TARS is a next-generation native GUI agent model designed to interact seamlessly with graphical user interfaces (GUIs) using human-like perception, reasoning, and action capabilities. Unlike traditional modular frameworks, UI-TARS integrates all key components—perception, reasoning, grounding, and memory—within a single vision-language model (VLM), enabling end-to-end task automation without predefined workflows or manual rules.
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<!--  -->
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<p align="center">
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<img src="https://github.com/bytedance/UI-TARS/blob/main/figures/UI-TARS-vs-Previous-SOTA.png?raw=true" width="90%"/>
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<p>
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<p align="center">
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<img src="https://github.com/bytedance/UI-TARS/blob/main/figures/UI-TARS.png?raw=true" width="90%"/>
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<p>
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<!--  -->
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This repository contains the model for the paper [UI-TARS: Pioneering Automated GUI Interaction with Native Agents](https://huggingface.co/papers/2501.12326).
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Code: https://github.com/bytedance/UI-TARS
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## Performance
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**Perception Capabilty Evaluation**
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| Model | VisualWebBench | WebSRC | SQAshort |
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|---------------------------|---------------|---------|----------|
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| Qwen2-VL-7B | 73.3 | 81.8 | 84.9 |
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| Qwen-VL-Max | 74.1 | 91.1 | 78.6 |
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| Gemini-1.5-Pro | 75.4 | 88.9 | 82.2 |
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| UIX-Qwen2-7B | 75.9 | 82.9 | 78.8 |
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| Claude-3.5-Sonnet | 78.2 | 90.4 | 83.1 |
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| GPT-4o | 78.5 | 87.7 | 82.3 |
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| **UI-TARS-2B** | 72.9 | 89.2 | 86.4 |
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| **UI-TARS-7B** | 79.7 | **93.6** | 87.7 |
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| **UI-TARS-72B** | **82.8** | 89.3 | **88.6** |
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**Grounding Capability Evaluation**
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- **ScreenSpot Pro**
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| Agent Model | Dev-Text | Dev-Icon | Dev-Avg | Creative-Text | Creative-Icon | Creative-Avg | CAD-Text | CAD-Icon | CAD-Avg | Scientific-Text | Scientific-Icon | Scientific-Avg | Office-Text | Office-Icon | Office-Avg | OS-Text | OS-Icon | OS-Avg | Avg-Text | Avg-Icon | Avg |
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|--------------------------|----------|----------|----------|--------------|--------------|--------------|---------|---------|---------|---------------|---------------|---------------|------------|------------|------------|--------|--------|--------|---------|---------|------|
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| QwenVL-7B | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.7 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.0 | **0.1** |
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| GPT-4o | 1.3 | 0.0 | 0.7 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 0.6 | 2.0 | 0.0 | 1.5 | 2.1 | 0.0 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 0.0 | 0.9 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.3 | 0.0 | **0.8** |
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| SeeClick | 0.6 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 0.6 | 2.5 | 0.0 | 1.9 | 3.5 | 0.0 | 2.0 | 1.1 | 0.0 | 0.9 | 2.8 | 0.0 | 1.5 | 1.8 | 0.0 | **1.1** |
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| Qwen2-VL-7B | 2.6 | 0.0 | 1.3 | 1.5 | 0.0 | 0.9 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 6.3 | 0.0 | 3.5 | 3.4 | 1.9 | 3.0 | 0.9 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 2.5 | 0.2 | **1.6** |
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| OS-Atlas-4B | 7.1 | 0.0 | 3.7 | 3.0 | 1.4 | 2.3 | 2.0 | 0.0 | 1.5 | 9.0 | 5.5 | 7.5 | 5.1 | 3.8 | 4.8 | 5.6 | 0.0 | 3.1 | 5.0 | 1.7 | **3.7** |
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| ShowUI-2B | 16.9 | 1.4 | 9.4 | 9.1 | 0.0 | 5.3 | 2.5 | 0.0 | 1.9 | 13.2 | 7.3 | 10.6 | 15.3 | 7.5 | 13.5 | 10.3 | 2.2 | 6.6 | 10.8 | 2.6 | **7.7** |
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| CogAgent-18B | 14.9 | 0.7 | 8.0 | 9.6 | 0.0 | 5.6 | 7.1 | 3.1 | 6.1 | 22.2 | 1.8 | 13.4 | 13.0 | 0.0 | 10.0 | 5.6 | 0.0 | 3.1 | 12.0 | 0.8 | **7.7** |
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| Aria-UI | 16.2 | 0.0 | 8.4 | 23.7 | 2.1 | 14.7 | 7.6 | 1.6 | 6.1 | 27.1 | 6.4 | 18.1 | 20.3 | 1.9 | 16.1 | 4.7 | 0.0 | 2.6 | 17.1 | 2.0 | **11.3** |
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| UGround-7B | 26.6 | 2.1 | 14.7 | 27.3 | 2.8 | 17.0 | 14.2 | 1.6 | 11.1 | 31.9 | 2.7 | 19.3 | 31.6 | 11.3 | 27.0 | 17.8 | 0.0 | 9.7 | 25.0 | 2.8 | **16.5** |
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| Claude Computer Use | 22.0 | 3.9 | 12.6 | 25.9 | 3.4 | 16.8 | 14.5 | 3.7 | 11.9 | 33.9 | 15.8 | 25.8 | 30.1 | 16.3 | 26.9 | 11.0 | 4.5 | 8.1 | 23.4 | 7.1 | **17.1** |
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| OS-Atlas-7B | 33.1 | 1.4 | 17.7 | 28.8 | 2.8 | 17.9 | 12.2 | 4.7 | 10.3 | 37.5 | 7.3 | 24.4 | 33.9 | 5.7 | 27.4 | 27.1 | 4.5 | 16.8 | 28.1 | 4.0 | **18.9** |
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| UGround-V1-7B | - | - | 35.5 | - | - | 27.8 | - | - | 13.5 | - | - | 38.8 | - | - | 48.8 | - | - | 26.1 | - | - | **31.1** |
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| **UI-TARS-2B** | 47.4 | 4.1 | 26.4 | 42.9 | 6.3 | 27.6 | 17.8 | 4.7 | 14.6 | 56.9 | 17.3 | 39.8 | 50.3 | 17.0 | 42.6 | 21.5 | 5.6 | 14.3 | 39.6 | 8.4 | **27.7** |
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| **UI-TARS-7B** | 58.4 | 12.4 | 36.1 | 50.0 | 9.1 | 32.8 | **20.8**| 9.4 | **18.0**| 63.9 | **31.8** | **50.0** | **63.3** | 20.8 | 53.5 | 30.8 | **16.9**| 24.5 | 47.8 | 16.2 | **35.7** |
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| **UI-TARS-72B** | **63.0** | **17.3** | **40.8** | **57.1** | **15.4** | **39.6** | 18.8 | **12.5**| 17.2 | **64.6** | 20.9 | 45.7 | **63.3** | **26.4** | **54.8** | **42.1**| 15.7 | **30.1**| **50.9**| **17.5**| **38.1** |
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- **ScreenSpot**
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| Method | Mobile-Text | Mobile-Icon/Widget | Desktop-Text | Desktop-Icon/Widget | Web-Text | Web-Icon/Widget | Avg |
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|--------|-------------|-------------|-------------|-------------|-------------|---------|---------|
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| **Agent Framework** | | | | | | | |
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| GPT-4 (SeeClick) | 76.6 | 55.5 | 68.0 | 28.6 | 40.9 | 23.3 | **48.8** |
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| GPT-4 (OmniParser) | 93.9 | 57.0 | 91.3 | 63.6 | 81.3 | 51.0 | **73.0** |
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| GPT-4 (UGround-7B) | 90.1 | 70.3 | 87.1 | 55.7 | 85.7 | 64.6 | **75.6** |
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| GPT-4o (SeeClick) | 81.0 | 59.8 | 69.6 | 33.6 | 43.9 | 26.2 | **52.3** |
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| GPT-4o (UGround-7B) | 93.4 | 76.9 | 92.8 | 67.9 | 88.7 | 68.9 | **81.4** |
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| **Agent Model** | | | | | | | |
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| GPT-4 | 22.6 | 24.5 | 20.2 | 11.8 | 9.2 | 8.8 | **16.2** |
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| GPT-4o | 20.2 | 24.9 | 21.1 | 23.6 | 12.2 | 7.8 | **18.3** |
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| CogAgent | 67.0 | 24.0 | 74.2 | 20.0 | 70.4 | 28.6 | **47.4** |
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| SeeClick | 78.0 | 52.0 | 72.2 | 30.0 | 55.7 | 32.5 | **53.4** |
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| Qwen2-VL | 75.5 | 60.7 | 76.3 | 54.3 | 35.2 | 25.7 | **55.3** |
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| UGround-7B | 82.8 | 60.3 | 82.5 | 63.6 | 80.4 | 70.4 | **73.3** |
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| Aguvis-G-7B | 88.3 | 78.2 | 88.1 | 70.7 | 85.7 | 74.8 | **81.8** |
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| OS-Atlas-7B | 93.0 | 72.9 | 91.8 | 62.9 | 90.9 | 74.3 | **82.5** |
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| Claude Computer Use | - | - | - | - | - | - | **83.0** |
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| Gemini 2.0 (Project Mariner) | - | - | - | - | - | - | **84.0** |
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| Aguvis-7B | **95.6** | 77.7 | 93.8 | 67.1 | 88.3 | 75.2 | **84.4** |
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| Aguvis-72B | 94.5 | **85.2** | 95.4 | 77.9 | **91.3** | **85.9** | **89.2** |
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| **Our Model** | | | | | | | |
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| **UI-TARS-2B** | 93.0 | 75.5 | 90.7 | 68.6 | 84.3 | 74.8 | **82.3** |
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| **UI-TARS-7B** | 94.5 | **85.2** | **95.9** | 85.7 | 90.0 | 83.5 | **89.5** |
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| **UI-TARS-72B** | 94.9 | 82.5 | 89.7 | **88.6** | 88.7 | 85.0 | **88.4** |
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- **ScreenSpot v2**
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| Method | Mobile-Text | Mobile-Icon/Widget | Desktop-Text | Desktop-Icon/Widget | Web-Text | Web-Icon/Widget | Avg |
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|--------|-------------|-------------|-------------|-------------|-------------|---------|---------|
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| **Agent Framework** | | | | | | | |
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| GPT-4o (SeeClick) | 85.2 | 58.8 | 79.9 | 37.1 | 72.7 | 30.1 | **63.6** |
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| GPT-4o (OS-Atlas-4B) | 95.5 | 75.8 | 79.4 | 49.3 | 90.2 | 66.5 | **79.1** |
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| GPT-4o (OS-Atlas-7B) | 96.2 | 83.4 | 89.7 | 69.3 | **94.0** | 79.8 | **87.1** |
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| **Agent Model** | | | | | | | |
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| SeeClick | 78.4 | 50.7 | 70.1 | 29.3 | 55.2 | 32.5 | **55.1** |
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| OS-Atlas-4B | 87.2 | 59.7 | 72.7 | 46.4 | 85.9 | 63.1 | **71.9** |
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| OS-Atlas-7B | 95.2 | 75.8 | 90.7 | 63.6 | 90.6 | 77.3 | **84.1** |
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| **Our Model** | | | | | | | |
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| **UI-TARS-2B** | 95.2 | 79.1 | 90.7 | 68.6 | 87.2 | 78.3 | **84.7** |
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| **UI-TARS-7B** | **96.9** | **89.1** | **95.4** | 85.0 | 93.6 | 85.2 | **91.6** |
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| **UI-TARS-72B** | 94.8 | 86.3 | 91.2 | **87.9** | 91.5 | **87.7** | **90.3** |
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**Offline Agent Capability Evaluation**
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- **Multimodal Mind2Web**
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| Method | Cross-Task Ele.Acc | Cross-Task Op.F1 | Cross-Task Step SR | Cross-Website Ele.Acc | Cross-Website Op.F1 | Cross-Website Step SR | Cross-Domain Ele.Acc | Cross-Domain Op.F1 | Cross-Domain Step SR |
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| 123 |
+
|--------|----------------------|-------------------|--------------------|----------------------|--------------------|-------------------|--------------------|-------------------|-------------------|
|
| 124 |
+
| **Agent Framework** | | | | | | | | | |
|
| 125 |
+
| GPT-4o (SeeClick) | 32.1 | - | - | 33.1 | - | - | 33.5 | - | - |
|
| 126 |
+
| GPT-4o (UGround) | 47.7 | - | - | 46.0 | - | - | 46.6 | - | - |
|
| 127 |
+
| GPT-4o (Aria-UI) | 57.6 | - | - | 57.7 | - | - | 61.4 | - | - |
|
| 128 |
+
| GPT-4V (OmniParser) | 42.4 | 87.6 | 39.4 | 41.0 | 84.8 | 36.5 | 45.5 | 85.7 | 42.0 |
|
| 129 |
+
| **Agent Model** | | | | | | | | | |
|
| 130 |
+
| GPT-4o | 5.7 | 77.2 | 4.3 | 5.7 | 79.0 | 3.9 | 5.5 | 86.4 | 4.5 |
|
| 131 |
+
| GPT-4 (SOM) | 29.6 | - | 20.3 | 20.1 | - | 13.9 | 27.0 | - | 23.7 |
|
| 132 |
+
| GPT-3.5 (Text-only) | 19.4 | 59.2 | 16.8 | 14.9 | 56.5 | 14.1 | 25.2 | 57.9 | 24.1 |
|
| 133 |
+
| GPT-4 (Text-only) | 40.8 | 63.1 | 32.3 | 30.2 | 61.0 | 27.0 | 35.4 | 61.9 | 29.7 |
|
| 134 |
+
| Claude | 62.7 | 84.7 | 53.5 | 59.5 | 79.6 | 47.7 | 64.5 | 85.4 | 56.4 |
|
| 135 |
+
| Aguvis-7B | 64.2 | 89.8 | 60.4 | 60.7 | 88.1 | 54.6 | 60.4 | 89.2 | 56.6 |
|
| 136 |
+
| CogAgent | - | - | 62.3 | - | - | 54.0 | - | - | 59.4 |
|
| 137 |
+
| Aguvis-72B | 69.5 | 90.8 | 64.0 | 62.6 | 88.6 | 56.5 | 63.5 | 88.5 | 58.2 |
|
| 138 |
+
| **Our Model** | | | | | | | | | |
|
| 139 |
+
| **UI-TARS-2B** | 62.3 | 90.0 | 56.3 | 58.5 | 87.2 | 50.8 | 58.8 | 89.6 | 52.3 |
|
| 140 |
+
| **UI-TARS-7B** | 73.1 | 92.2 | 67.1 | 68.2 | 90.9 | 61.7 | 66.6 | 90.9 | 60.5 |
|
| 141 |
+
| **UI-TARS-72B** | **74.7** | **92.5** | **68.6** | **72.4** | **91.2** | **63.5** | **68.9** | **91.8** | **62.1** |
|
| 142 |
+
|
| 143 |
+
|
| 144 |
+
- **Android Control and GUI Odyssey**
|
| 145 |
+
|
| 146 |
+
| Agent Models | AndroidControl-Low Type | AndroidControl-Low Grounding | AndroidControl-Low SR | AndroidControl-High Type | AndroidControl-High Grounding | AndroidControl-High SR | GUIOdyssey Type | GUIOdyssey Grounding | GUIOdyssey SR |
|
| 147 |
+
|---------------------|----------------------|----------------------|----------------|----------------------|----------------------|----------------|----------------|----------------|----------------|
|
| 148 |
+
| Claude | 74.3 | 0.0 | 19.4 | 63.7 | 0.0 | 12.5 | 60.9 | 0.0 | 3.1 |
|
| 149 |
+
| GPT-4o | 74.3 | 0.0 | 19.4 | 66.3 | 0.0 | 20.8 | 34.3 | 0.0 | 3.3 |
|
| 150 |
+
| SeeClick | 93.0 | 73.4 | 75.0 | 82.9 | 62.9 | 59.1 | 71.0 | 52.4 | 53.9 |
|
| 151 |
+
| InternVL-2-4B | 90.9 | 84.1 | 80.1 | 84.1 | 72.7 | 66.7 | 82.1 | 55.5 | 51.5 |
|
| 152 |
+
| Qwen2-VL-7B | 91.9 | 86.5 | 82.6 | 83.8 | 77.7 | 69.7 | 83.5 | 65.9 | 60.2 |
|
| 153 |
+
| Aria-UI | -- | 87.7 | 67.3 | -- | 43.2 | 10.2 | -- | 86.8 | 36.5 |
|
| 154 |
+
| OS-Atlas-4B | 91.9 | 83.8 | 80.6 | 84.7 | 73.8 | 67.5 | 83.5 | 61.4 | 56.4 |
|
| 155 |
+
| OS-Atlas-7B | 93.6 | 88.0 | 85.2 | 85.2 | 78.5 | 71.2 | 84.5 | 67.8 | 62.0 |
|
| 156 |
+
| Aguvis-7B | -- | -- | 80.5 | -- | -- | 61.5 | -- | -- | -- |
|
| 157 |
+
| Aguvis-72B | -- | -- | 84.4 | -- | -- | 66.4 | -- | -- | -- |
|
| 158 |
+
| **UI-TARS-2B** | **98.1** | 87.3 | 89.3 | 81.2 | 78.4 | 68.9 | 93.9 | 86.8 | 83.4 |
|
| 159 |
+
| **UI-TARS-7B** | 98.0 | 89.3 | 90.8 | 83.7 | 80.5 | 72.5 | 94.6 | 90.1 | 87.0 |
|
| 160 |
+
| **UI-TARS-72B** | **98.1** | **89.9** | **91.3** | **85.2** | **81.5** | **74.7** | **95.4** | **91.4** | **88.6** |
|
| 161 |
+
|
| 162 |
+
**Online Agent Capability Evaluation**
|
| 163 |
+
|
| 164 |
+
| Method | OSWorld (Online) | AndroidWorld (Online) |
|
| 165 |
+
|--------|-------------------|------------------|
|
| 166 |
+
| **Agent Framework** | | |
|
| 167 |
+
| GPT-4o (UGround) | - | 32.8 |
|
| 168 |
+
| GPT-4o (Aria-UI) | 15.2 | 44.8 |
|
| 169 |
+
| GPT-4o (Aguvis-7B) | 14.8 | 37.1 |
|
| 170 |
+
| GPT-4o (Aguvis-72B) | 17.0 | - |
|
| 171 |
+
| GPT-4o (OS-Atlas-7B) | 14.6 | - |
|
| 172 |
+
| **Agent Model** | | |
|
| 173 |
+
| GPT-4o | 5.0 | 34.5 (SoM) |
|
| 174 |
+
| Gemini-Pro-1.5 | 5.4 | 22.8 (SoM) |
|
| 175 |
+
| Aguvis-72B | 10.3 | 26.1 |
|
| 176 |
+
| Claude Computer-Use | 14.9 (15 steps) | 27.9 |
|
| 177 |
+
| Claude Computer-Use | 22.0 (50 steps) | - |
|
| 178 |
+
| **Our Model** | | |
|
| 179 |
+
| **UI-TARS-7B-SFT** | 17.7 (15 steps) | 33.0 |
|
| 180 |
+
| **UI-TARS-7B-DPO** | 18.7 (15 steps) | - |
|
| 181 |
+
| **UI-TARS-72B-SFT** | 18.8 (15 steps) | **46.6** |
|
| 182 |
+
| **UI-TARS-72B-DPO** | **22.7** (15 steps) | - |
|
| 183 |
+
| **UI-TARS-72B-DPO** | **24.6** (50 steps) | - |
|
| 184 |
+
|
| 185 |
+
|
| 186 |
+
## Citation
|
| 187 |
+
If you find our paper and model useful in your research, feel free to give us a cite.
|
| 188 |
+
|
| 189 |
+
```BibTeX
|
| 190 |
+
@article{uitars2025,
|
| 191 |
+
author = {Yujia Qin, Yining Ye, Junjie Fang, Haoming Wang, Shihao Liang, Shizuo Tian, Junda Zhang, Jiahao Li, Yunxin Li, Shijue Huang, Wanjun Zhong, Kuanye Li, Jiale Yang, Yu Miao, Woyu Lin, Longxiang Liu, Xu Jiang, Qianli Ma, Jingyu Li, Xiaojun Xiao, Kai Cai, Chuang Li, Yaowei Zheng, Chaolin Jin, Chen Li, Xiao Zhou, Minchao Wang, Haoli Chen, Zhaojian Li, Haihua Yang, Haifeng Liu, Feng Lin, Tao Peng, Xin Liu, Guang Shi},
|
| 192 |
+
title = {UI-TARS: Pioneering Automated GUI Interaction with Native Agents},
|
| 193 |
+
journal = {arXiv preprint arXiv:2501.12326},
|
| 194 |
+
url = {https://github.com/bytedance/UI-TARS},
|
| 195 |
+
year = {2025}
|
| 196 |
+
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 197 |
```
|