Eu Chooi Yip (simplified Chinese: 余柱业; traditional Chinese: 余柱業; pinyin: Yú Zhùyè; 2 December 1918 - 4 October 1995[1]) was a prominent member of the anti-colonial and Communist movements in Malaya and Singapore in the 1950s and 1960s. Eu Chooi Yip was born in Kuantan, Malaysia.[2]

He was the Secretary of the Malayan Democratic Union (MDU), Singapore's first political party. He actively engaged in Anti-British League, established by the Malayan Communist Party (MCP) and was responsible for pro-communist propaganda productions. After Eu Chooi Yip joined the MCP, he was responsible for the underground communist movement in Singapore from the 1950s to 1960s. He was the Secretary-General of the United Front of the MCP, called the Malayan National Liberation League, which set its office in Beijing. During the Cultural Revolution, he was one of the directors taking in charge of the radio station, the voice of Malayan Revolution. In 1990, he returned to Singapore after receiving the invitation from the Singapore government. Eu Chooi Yip served as a senior research fellow at Institute of East Asian philosophy in Singapore. He died on 4 October 1995, aged 76.

Eu was born on 2 December 1918 in Kuantan, Malaysia. Eu's parents came from Taishan, Guangdong, and operated a medicine shop in Malaysia. He came to Singapore to study with his brother and sister. He attended Victoria School while his sister went to Nanyang Girls' High School. As a child, he was taught by his sister about Sino-Japanese War, and he understood how Chinese people suffered under Japanese occupation.[2] At that time, the Chinese Communist Party established a Nanyang branch which organised communist movements among overseas Chinese and also influenced Eu. In 1938, Eu received an entrance scholarship to enter Raffles College.[3] Eu was a brilliant student who is good at economics and became one of the top graduates at Raffles College. He was a close friend of Goh Keng Swee, who will become Singapore's Deputy Prime Minister, whom he knew during his Raffles College days. As a Chinese student, Eu was politically aroused by China's struggle against Japan. He became interested in politics and developed Chinese nationalism. Although he also read Edgar Snow's Book, Red Star over China and developed respect toward the Chinese Communist Party, he did not totally accept communism.[3]

After graduation in 1940, Eu worked as a Labour Inspector for the colonial government in Kuala Lumpur. When Japanese attack Kuala Lumpur in 1942, Eu moved to Singapore and worked as a clerk for Overseas Insurance Company. When Japanese occupied Singapore, he worked in statistical offices for a while. After Japan surrendered, he went back to work for the colonial government. When the Chinese leftist writer, Hu Yuzhi, published an article in Fengxia magazine in 1945 which criticised slavish colonial mentality, he felt ashamed for his experience of serving the British and Japanese colonial government.[4]

The Malayan Democratic Union, the first fledged political party, was formed in Singapore in December 1945 by English-educated intellectuals, such as Lim Hong Bee, Lim Kean Chye, John Eber and Philip Hoalim.[5] Eu resigned and joined the MDU as a full-time activist in Singapore in 1946 and became a stringer for the English language newspaper, the Straits Times. In preparation for independence of post-war Malaya, the British colonial administration provided the Constitutional Proposals for Malaya, or the Federation Proposals, which failed to balance the interests of Malays and non-Malays. The Federation Proposals met the demands of conservative Malays of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) that Malaya was constitutionally a Malay state and rejected the equal rights of non-Malays. The MDU worked together with Malayan Communist Party and the Malay Nationalist Party to organise anti-Federation movements, which led to the establishment of All-Malayan Council of Joint Action (AMCJA) and Pusat Tenaga Ra'ayat (PUTERA). The AMCJA-PUTERA coalition demanded a self-governing United Malaya including Singapore and equal rights to all citizens. In 1947, Eu replaced Lim Hong Bee as MDU Secretary.[5] Although the ALL Malaya Hartal was successful, the colonial government did not concede and the coalition had financial shortage for the second Hartal. In April 1948, member organisations of the coalition held the last conference. Eu proposed to decentralise the AMCJA-PUTERA coalition that each member organisation of the coalition could conduct agitation against the Federation constitution and member organisations were not allowed to act in the name of the AMCJA-PUTERA unless permitted by the general conference.[6] This conference actually dismantled AMCJA-PUTERA, and the MDU which ascribed the result to financial stringencies dissolved voluntarily. The more important factor leading to the dissolution of the AMCJA-PUTERA was that the MCP had already lost the faith in the constitutional struggle and turned toward armed revolution. As the result, the Malayan Emergency began in 1948 June, and the MCP was outlawed by the government. At that time, Eu rejected the connection between the AMCJA and the MCP and claimed that he gave his loyalty to Malaya and he was not a Communist.[7] At the time, Eu was described as an English-educated radical, along with P.V. Sarma, John Eber and Dr. Joseph K.M. Tan. They were pro-communist sympathies, but they were still not communists.[3]

The MCP established the Anti-British League (ABL) and the student organisations in 1948, which strongly influenced Eu's left-wing thoughts. One MCP leader, Ah Chin, made a decision to extend its influence among English-educated intelligentsia and absorb suitable ones into the party.[3] The English-speaking section leader of the ABL, Wong Siong Nien, was sent to persuade Eu. Eu started to embrace communism in at the end of 1948 and actively engaged in the ABL. As Eu had a bachelor's degree and can speak both Mandarin and English, as an intellectual among MCP members, he was given a lot of responsibilities. Eu began to develop Communist Underground in Singapore and recruit ABL members among both English-speaking and Chinese-speaking intellectuals. A large number of students in University of Malaya who were political radicals engaged in clandestine activities and developed connections with the ABL and the MCP.[5] He successfully persuaded his three MDU colleagues P.V. Sarma, Dr. Joseph K.M. Tan, Lim Chan Yong, and Lim Kean Chye to join in the communist party.[3] They visited middle-class families to collect donation for the MCP and the ABL activities. He worked an editor for the Freedom News, which distributed communist propaganda productions.[5] Lim Chan Yong and Joseph K.M. Tan founded pro-communist paper, Malayan Orchid.[5] They distributed these propaganda productions from door to door. Due to the efforts of Eu Chooi Yip, the Chinese-speaking ABL recruited 2000 members in June 1950, including Worker's ABL and Students’ ABL. A number of ABL members gained admission into the MCP through ABL activities, including Eu Chooi Yip who became an official member of the MCP in 1950.[2]

The British colonial government had a real fight against communist members in 1951. The police arrested members of the ABL and clear the leftwing group active in the Singapore Teachers’ Union, the Singapore Cooperative Society and the University of Malaya.[8] The active members of former MDU and ABL were arrested by the police, such as John Eber and Dr Joseph K.M. Tan. Many students were also detained and charged with editing pro-communist paper. Eu Chooi Yip and Lim Kean Chye escaped the police arrest, because they went to Beijing for exchange.[9]

Eu's close friend, S Rajaratnam gave him shelter while he was hiding from the British during this time and helped Eu get medical treatment for his tuberculosis.[10] As the colonial government was suppressing the communist movement in Singapore, Eu was asked to go to Jakarta, Indonesia under the order of Yeung Kuo, deputy secretary general of the MCP, and continued his work for the MCP.[11]

In Jakarta, Eu established a party branch, which directed the communist activities in Singapore remotely. He took direct orders from Chin Peng, the secretary-general of MCP, and was the superior of Fong Chong Pik. The MCP planned to co-operate with Lee Kuan Yew and trying to help establish the People's Action Party (PAP). The truth of the story between the MCP and Lee Kuan Yew remains controversial, because Eu, Fong Chong Pik, and Lee Kuan Yew had different claims about the event. According to Eu Chooi Yip, Party committee in Indonesia and Chin Peng did not give Fong Chong Pik the authority, but Fong Chong Pik voluntarily took charge of all party affairs in Singapore and began to meet with Lee Kuan Yew.[2] In 1957, Eu Chooi Yip went back to Singapore to observe the general election. After the meeting with Eu, Fong Chong Pik went to meet Lee Kuan Yew and talked about co-operation. Fong Chong Pik claimed that he was appointed as the Party representative and LKY game him the nickname "the Plen".[12] LKY claimed that Fong wanted to establish co-operation in the united anti-colonial front with the PAP during his broadcast.[13] As the MCP received support from the masses, especially the left-wings, the MCP's support for the PAP would help LKY win the election. In addition, the MCP expected that LKY would not take actions against the communist party after he got the power.[2] However, Lee Kuan Yew were very strict against the communist party when he got the power in Singapore. As the Barisan Sosialis split from the PAP, the MCP realised that they could not co-operate with Lee Kuan Yew. Fong Chong Pik was prevented to meet with Lee any more, before Lee initiated Operation Cold Store.[2]

In the early 1960s, when Sukarno served as the president of Indonesia, the MCP could organise activities publicly. Through the co-operation with Communist Party of Indonesia, Eu established Malayan National Liberation League.[11] In 1963, he served as the secretary of the Southern Bureau of the MCP and made guidelines for underground activities in Singapore.[14] To avoid a concentration of members in Jakarta and prepare for the resumption of underground activities in Malaya, many party members were sent to Medan, Aceh, Bagansiapiapi of Sumatra and to Bintan Island and Batam Island of the Riau islands, in mid-1964.[11] These member helped to establish new bases or new liaison stations.

However, after the 30 September Movement in 1965 that suppressed the Communist movements in Indonesia, Eu was arrested, and later released to China. The MCP began to operate secretly and no institutions were open publicly. The Malayan National Liberation League which was open publicly in Beijing actually represented the MCP, and Eu served as the Secretary-General.

When the MCP retreated to the border between Malaysia and Thailand, a radio station called "the Voice of Malayan Revolution" was also established which broadcast battlefield reports of Malayan Peoples’ Liberation Army.[15] As the radio station was destroyed by the Malaysian Army in July 1968, Mao Zedong helped the MCP rebuilt the radio station in Sifang Mountain, Changsha, Hunan Province in 1969 (during the period of Cultural Revolution). The radio station used four languages, Chinese, Malay, Tamil and English, to broadcast in Southeast Asia. Eu was director of the radio station's Chinese branch. The broadcast scripts of the Voice of Malayan Revolution were recorded by a group of Barisan Sosialis members, including historian C. C. Chin.[16] They completed the texts and published them in the Singapore leftist newspapers, such as Zhenxian Bao (Front), Party News, and People's Forum. These newspapers routinely published the frequency and wavelength of the radio station. A number of "red" cartoons, photos, and poems are also published. After the Operation Cold Store, the Barisan Sosialis lost its ability to compete with the PAP, but it was still significant opposition party. However, by using the rhetoric of Cultural Revolution, the Barisan's political agenda was dramatically radicalised which led to self-destruction. The left in Singapore isolated themselves by following the political line of Mao's China and they no longer received support from the people, which gave the PAP's confidence to fight the left through legal means.[16]

The radio station of "the Voice of Malayan Revolution" which was operated in the border between Malaysia and Thailand was very effective. According to Chen Yinghong, the radio broadcast strongly influenced members in guerrilla of the MCP.[14] Party members studied quotations from Mao Zedong and sang "Red Songs". People were interested in the battlefield reports of guerrilla of the MCP. A number of young people in Southeast Asian were encouraged to join in the MCP. However, the new radio station in Sifang Mountain failed to attract young people to join the communist party. The Chinese Communist Party only provided technical support for the radio broadcast and did not give any suggestions for the press releases.[15] Eu and his colleagues did not have news resources, and they just looked for the news from the public newspapers and paraphrased in a pro-communist way, so that the news were not well written.[2] The main sources of newspaper were Sinchew, Nanyang, Straits Times, Utusan Melayu and other newspaper from Hong Kong. As young people were interested in the battlefield reports, the radio failed to provide. People who listened to the radio found that the news releases were similar to the news in public newspapers and the only differences were the perspectives. Therefore, the propaganda of radio station in China was not effective.[citation needed]

In the early 1980s, when Deng Xiaoping came into power, China stopped Cultural Revolution, planned to have normal diplomatic relationship with countries in Southeast Asia. Therefore, the revolution in Southeast Asia is no longer supported, and the "Voice of Malayan Revolution" was revoked.[14] The non-Chinese citizens who were willing to stay in China were arranged jobs. Eu was arranged to teach English in Changsha Railway University in Hunan. In 1989, Singapore and China started negotiations to establish diplomatic relations. Eu's classmate in Raffles College, the Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore, Goh Keng Swee, sent him a message through the Chinese International Liaison Department that invited him to work as a consultant for the negotiations.[14] Eu accepted the invitation and later returned to Singapore in 1991. He served as a senior research fellow at Institute of East Asian philosophy in Singapore, until his death in 1995.{{[17]}}

Eu Chooi Yip helped to create an oral history interview, Lang Jian Zhu Meng (Pursuing Dreams beyond the High Seas: Oral History of Eu Chooi Yip) and Political History in Singapore 1945-1965. In these books, he provided his own reflections on revolutionary history in Southeast Asia, including his opinions on the development and failure of the MCP.

Eu Chooi Yip experienced the whole period of Maoist revolution in Southeast Asia. He believes that the MCP has great contribution in the history.[14] This contribution has two main parts. First, the MCP participated in the battle against fascism during World War II. The MCP cooperated with the British Special Operations Executive, Force 136 and became an important regional power of the allied in Southeast Asia. As the ultimate goal of the MCP was to seize power of all states, the MCP fought hard against the Japanese invaders. Military leaders (Chin Peng) of the MCP were awarded for Order of the British Empire after the war. The second contribution of the MCP is their struggle against British colonial rule. After World War II, the United Kingdom planned to prevent the expansion of communism and continue to maintain its colonial rule in Malaya. The MCP launched an armed struggle against colonialism and forced the British to abandon its colonial rule in Malaya and Singapore.[2] Finally the UK gave the ruling power to the Malaysian nationalists.

When Malaysia got independence in the 1957, the country was on the way of nation-building and development. However, Eu Chooi Yip believed that the MCP failed because it did not recognise the legitimacy of Malaysia.[14] The plan of the MCP was to build a Maoist regime in Malaya through armed struggle. This plan limited party's attractiveness to the a few number of extreme left-wing Maoists in the Malaysia and lose the support from the masses, so that the MCP finally retreated to the border of Malaysia and Thailand. At that time, the ethnic and political conflicts are very intense in Malaysia and Singapore. Eu Chooi Yip believe that the MCP could have called on the masses to revolt against the governments through inciting political suppression and ethnic riots. However, the MCP lost those chances to receive the support from the masses, which indicated its failure at the end.

During the late 1970s, when Eu Chooi Yip was working in "Voice of Malayan Revolution", he was trying to find answers that why the MCP was not able to receive support from the masses. He believes that the land reform policies made by the MCP were wrong.[2] The MCP claimed that Malaya was a colonial society, and farmers were the fundamental strength of the revolution. Those claims, Eu Chooi Yip believed, were copied from the theories of Mao Zedong. Eu Chooi Yip received some academic books and journal articles from Malaysia and Singapore and focused on the social structure of Malaya, especially the rural class structure.  He found that in Malaya, farmers rent lands from the British colonial government, and the rent was very low. Unlike Chinese farmer, Malayan farmers were smallholders and did not have any obligations. They planted rubbers and could be self-sustainable. Thus, Malaya's agricultural economy was capitalist economy. There was no landlord class ruling the Malayan village and Malayan farmers had no desire of revolution. As a result, Maoist theories that farmers were the main power of revolution and "surround the cities from the countryside" were impracticable in Malaya. Maoist theory was approved to be successful in China. As the MCP had been using Maoist theory as their guiding ideology for decades, and Maoist theory was also the foundation of the MCP's guerrilla warfare, changing guiding ideology and developing another theory could lead to devastating results to the party. The leaders of MCP were not able to recognise that they made theoretical mistake and copying Maoist theory led to the failure of the MCP.

Eu Chooi Yip has two significant academic values. First, he provides a typical example that how an English-educated intellectual converted to a communist
member. According to Yeo Kim Wah, when Eu Chooi Yip received a lot of
information about China's struggle against Japan and developed strong nationalism. He developed anti-colonialism through actively engaging in student political movements in Singapore, such as the Malayan Democratic Union and the Anti-British League.[3] These political movements were influenced by left-wing thoughts and supported by the Malayan Communist Party. After the success of communist revolution in China, Eu Chooi Yip accepted communist as his belief. Second, Eu Chooi Yip was an important leader of the MCP. The Chinese Scholar Cheng Yinghong had a deep analysis of him and believes that Eu Chooi Yip's reflection on communist movements in Malaya is important, because it helps people understand the influence of Mao's Cultural Revolution in Southeast Asia, the relationship between Deng's China and Southeast Asian countries, and the Communist Revolutions during the Cold War.[14]


Fahmi bin Zainol is a Malaysian politician. A member of the People's Justice Party (PKR), he has been the Member of Penang State Executive Council for Agrotechnology, Food Security, and Cooperative Development. He has also been the member of the Penang State Legislative Assembly representing Pantai Jerejak since 2023.

Fahmi is a student activist and was the President of the Students' Council at the University of Malaya in 2013 before joining politics. He joined PKR on 3 November 2015 and was appointed as Chairman of the Student Bureau in the Youth Wing. In 2018, he was chosen as the Election Director for the Youth Wing. In the same year, he was elected as the Chief of the PKR Youth Wing of Penang state and Permatang Pauh Division. In 2022, he competed against Adam Adli for the Chief of PKR Youth Wing but lost. However, he was elected to the PKR central committee and was re-elected as the Chief of the PKR Youth Wing of Penang state and Permatang Pauh Division.[1][2]


Fong Chong Pik (simplified Chinese: 方壮壁; traditional Chinese: 方壯壁; pinyin: Fāng Zhuàngbì; 1924 - 6 February 2004), also known as Fang Chuang Pi, was a political activist and member of the Communist Party of Malaya (CPM), otherwise known as the Malayan Communist Party (MCP).[1]  He was the leader of the Singapore section of the Communist Party of Malaya.

Fong Chong Pik was given the nickname "The Plen" (for "plenipotentiary") in the 1950s by his then political nemesis, Lee Kuan Yew. In 1997, he urged Singapore's government to let former insurgents return to the country.


Gulam Haidar bin Khan Bahadar is a Malaysian politician who has been the Assistant State Minister. He has served as the Member of Sabah State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Kawang since March 2004. He was a member of the Parti Gagasan Rakyat Sabah (GAGASAN) which is a component party of the ruling Gabungan Rakyat Sabah (GRS) coalition both in federal and state levels.[1][2][3][4]


Datuk Seri Panglima Dr. Joachim Gunsalam (born 22 January 1958) is a Malaysian politician who has served as the Deputy Chief Minister II and State Minister of Housing and Local Government since 2023. He has served as the Member of Sabah State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Kundasang since March 2004. He is a member of the United Sabah Party (PBS) which is aligned with the Perikatan Nasional (PN) coalition which rules both federally and in Sabah. He has served as the Deputy President of PBS for the non-Muslim bumiputera quota since June 2022. [2] Formerly, he also served as one of the Vice-Presidents of PBS for the non-Muslim bumiputera quota from 2006 to 2022.[3][4]

He was appointed one of the deputy chief ministers of Sabah as part of the victorious Gabungan Rakyat Sabah coalition in the 2020 state election.


Jason H'ng Mooi Lye is a Malaysian politician from DAP. He has been the Member of Penang State Executive Council for Local Government, and Town and Country Planning, and the Member of Penang State Legislative Assembly for Jawi since 2023.

H'ng studied in SJK(C) Chong Kuang and SM Valdor. He has a Bachelor of Information Technology from the University of Southern Queensland.[1]

H'ng joined DAP in 2012. He was the Publicity Secretary for DAP Sungai Duri branch from 2013 to 2014 and Secretary for DAP Nibong Tebal division from 2013 to 2015. He was also a member of Seberang Perai City Council from 2013 to 2018, and was the Chief Whip of Seberang Perai City Council from 2017 to 2018. He is currently the Organising Secretary for DAP Penang and the Chairman of DAP Nibong Tebal division.[1][2]


Datuk Seri Panglima Haji Hajiji bin Haji Noor (Jawi: عزيزي بن نور; born 10 May 1956) is a Malaysian politician who has served as the 16th Chief Minister of Sabah since September 2020 and Member of the Sabah State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Sulaman since October 1990. He is also the first official chairman of political coalition party in Sabah, the Gabungan Rakyat Sabah Party (GRS Party) and 3rd President of the Parti Gagasan Rakyat Sabah (GAGASAN).

He was appointed Chief Minister in late September 2020 after his coalition, Gabungan Rakyat Sabah (GRS), won 38 out of the 73 seats, in which 37 seats needed for a simple majority in the 2020 state election. His administration was further strengthened after three independent members of state legislative assembly (MLAs) pledged their support for the state government.
[2]

Hajiji was born in Kampung Serusup, Tuaran as the second of three children of Noor Harun and Teruyah Omar. He firstly attended the Serusup Native Primary School (SK Serusup) for his primary education in 1961 before going for his secondary education in Tuaran District Government Secondary School – now known as Badin Secondary School (SMK Badin) – in 1967. After getting 15 aggregates in Lower Certificate of Education examination, he was transferred to St. John's Secondary School in 1972 and excelled in Malaysian Certificate of Education examination as one of the best students in Tuaran after his high school graduation in 1974.[citation needed]

Hajiji started his career as a public servant in 1976. He was tasked to be a radio announcer at Radio Televisyen Malaysia before being appointed as Assistant Development Officer at Tuaran District Office from 1977 to 1982.[citation needed]

Hajiji entered politics in 1990 as he contested in the 8th general election as a candidate for Sulaman state constituency representing United Sabah National Organisation (USNO) and subsequently won. He was appointed as Political Secretary to Deputy Prime Minister Ghafar Baba from 1992 to 1993. He was also member of the Bank Rakyat's board of directors from 1991 to 1994.[citation needed]

He joined United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) in 1994 following the dissolution of USNO. He became Tuaran Division Chief a year after until 2018 as well as Treasurer of UMNO Sabah from 2001 to 2018. He remained as an Assembly Member for Sulaman for six terms and is currently serving the seventh term after defeating two other candidates from Sabah Heritage Party (Warisan) and Love Sabah Party (PCS) in the recent state election.[3]

He was appointed as Assistant Minister of State at the Ministry of Youth and Sports (for some times in 1994), Ministry of Industrial Development (1994 to 1996, and then 1999 to 2001), Chief Minister's Department (1996 to 1999) and Ministry of Finance (2001 to 2004). He was promoted as Minister of State for Housing and Local Government from 2004 to 2018 and as Deputy Chief Minister in the Ministry of Infrastructure Development for two days post 14th general election.

Following the fall of BN in Sabah in 2018,[4] he was appointed Sabah UMNO Liaison Chairman. He later joined Malaysian United Indigenous Party (BERSATU) in 2018 and serves as the State chairman for Sabah since 2019.[5] Prime Minister Muhyiddin Yassin nominated Hajiji as Chief Minister if PN win the next state election.[6] Consequently, GRS, in which PN is a member, won the recent state election and moved to Governor Juhar Mahiruddin to name Hajiji as the next Chief Minister,[7] in which the nomination was affirmed by Juhar the day before Hajiji's swearing-in.[8]

in March 2022, Hajiji became the first official chairman of the registered political coalition party in Sabah, named Gabungan Rakyat Sabah Party (GRS Party). The GRS under Hajiji's leadership then formed a unity government with Pakatan Harapan (PH), Barisan Nasional (BN), Gabungan Parti Sarawak (GPS) and other parties in the aftermath of the 15th Malaysian General Election.[9] On 10 December 2022, Hajiji and other BERSATU Sabah leaders leave BERSATU and become direct members of GRS .

On 07 Jan 2023, a political crisis began when Hajiji Noor lost support from 13 Sabah UMNO member due to the breach of agreement of GRS-PN-BN thus his is no longer the Chief Minister of Sabah with confirmed majority support from the Sabah House of Legislative Assembly and will be continuing to hold this position until the new Chief Minister is elected. [10] On 29 January 2023, Hajiji Noor announced to lead Sabah People's Idea Party (PGRS). He said PGRS will be used to continue the struggle as a local party in Sabah. He added, this is also intended to ensure that no more people deny the existence of the Chief Minister of Sabah and to stop the 2023 Sabah political crisis. PGRS was also accepted by the GRS coalition as a component party on 9 December 2022.[11] In May 2023, Hajiji Noor become the first Chief Minister of Sabah that successfully got the full majority to approved the Anti-Party Hopping Bill in Sabah for both Parliament and State Legislative Assembly.[12]

Hajiji is married to Juliah Salag and has four children namely Mohd. Reza, Khairil Anuar, Nur Diyana and Mohd. Ghazali.


Hamisa binti Samat is a Malaysian politician who has been the Assistant State Minister. She served as the Member of Sabah State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Tanjong Batu from March 2004 until September 2020. He was a member of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) which is aligned with the ruling Perikatan Nasional (PN) coalition both in federal and state levels.[1][2][3][4]


Datuk Hashim Suboh is a Malaysian politician from the Malaysian United Indigenous Party (UMNO), party of the Perikatan Nasional coalition. He is the former Deputy Chief of the party's Kangar division. Hashim made headlines in Malaysia in 2006 when he made a number of controversial remarks at the UMNO General Assembly that some labelled as seditious.[1]

He currently is a member of Malaysian United Indigenous Party (BERSATU).

In 2005, Education Minister and UMNO Youth Chief Hishammuddin Hussein brandished a kris (Malay dagger) at the UMNO General Assembly. The kris, named Panca Warisan, made another appearance at the 2006 General Assembly. On both occasions, it had been used in the context of defending certain special privileges accorded to the Malays under the Constitution of Malaysia. These privileges, sometimes referred to as the Malay Agenda, formed half of the Malaysian social contract, which granted citizenship to non-Malay Malaysians in return for special rights for the Malays. (Such special rights feature heavily in the ideal of ketuanan Melayu or Malay supremacy, which is a feature of UMNO's ideology.)

It was after the second instance of Hishammuddin's actions that Hashim made headlines, when Hashim, speaking as a UMNO delegate from the state of Perlis, asked: "Datuk Hisham has unsheathed his keris, waved his keris, kissed his keris. We want to ask Datuk Hisham when is he going to use it?" He continued that "force must be used against those who refused to abide by the social contract", insisting that Hishammuddin be tougher in dealing with the Chinese national-type schools, which though publicly funded, are generally independent of the public national school system. Hashim's remark provoked a response from the opposition Democratic Action Party, which accused him of creating "concern and disquiet among non-Malays in the country. The statements amount to sedition as they have a seditious tendency".[2]

The original Malay remark was: "Dalam Perhimpunan Agung Umno ini, Datuk Hishammuddin dua kali berturut-turut angkat keris. Jadi, kita nak tanya bila Datuk Hishammuddin nak bertikam pulak?"[3]  Translated literally, this would read: "At this UMNO General Assembly, Datuk Hishammuddin has twice raised the keris, So, we want to ask when Datuk Hishammuddin will stab instead?".

Hashim was later reprimanded for his statement by UMNO.[4] He stated that he was surprised at the backlash, and that:

I used the kris as a metaphor and not in its literal meaning. I was speaking about how the Education Minister should take proactive action towards certain issues relating to schools. ... Next year, I will choose my metaphors and words more carefully. I don’t want to leave room for any misinterpretation.[5]


Hasnoor Sidang Hussein is a Malaysian politician from the ruling United Malays National Organisation (UMNO). He became prominent in 2006 for his controversial remarks at the UMNO Annual General Assembly as a delegate from Malacca on the subject of racial issues. He later became the first, together with Azimi Daim and Hashim Suboh, to be officially reprimanded by UMNO for a speech made at an UMNO Annual General Assembly.

The 2006 UMNO Annual General Assembly was the first ever to be telecast live. Hasnoor was among the delegates permitted to address the assembly, and like all others, his speech was carried live. In the course of his remarks, Hasnoor stated that non-Malay citizens needed to be grateful for having been granted citizenship at independence under the Malaysian social contract. He also spoke out against the non-Malays who were critical of the special position of the Malays and other members of the bumiputra (indigenous people) ethnic majority, stating: "If they (non-Malays) question our rights, then we should question theirs. So far we have not heard the Malays questioning their right to citizenship when they came in droves from other countries."[1]

The most controversial of his remarks, however, was his declaration that "Umno is willing to risk lives and bathe in blood to defend the race and religion (Islam, the official religion of Malaysia and of the Malays). Don't play with fire. If they (non-Malays) mess with our rights, we will mess with theirs."[2] Hasnoor's remarks formed one third of the three disputed speeches made; another one was that by UMNO Youth Information Chief Azimi Daim, who said "when tension rises, the blood of Malay warriors will run in our veins", while the third was made by a delegate from Perak, Hashim Suboh, who referred to UMNO Youth Chief and Education Minister Hishammuddin Hussein's act of brandishing the kris (Malay dagger): "Datuk Hisham has unsheathed his keris, waved his keris, kissed his keris. We want to ask Datuk Hisham when is he going to use it." As a result of the controversy, UMNO Deputy President and Deputy Prime Minister Najib Tun Razak announced that "we are seriously looking into the wisdom of having (a) live telecast" of the proceedings.[3]

The speeches later became the subject of a debate in Parliament. Leader of the Opposition, Lim Kit Siang from the Democratic Action Party (DAP), said that "The speeches have upset non-Malays and they are feeling insecure. It is sad that Malay leaders can still speak like this 50 years after independence. We feel excluded and threatened." He filed a motion to have the Dewan Rakyat (the lower house of Parliament) consider the subject of the speeches, but it was rejected by the Speaker. Another lawmaker from the DAP, Karpal Singh, accused Hasnoor and the other delegates of having committed sedition, which under the Sedition Act is a crime in Malaysia. Lim Keng Yaik, President of the Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia (Malaysian People's Movement), a major party in the ruling Barisan Nasional coalition government led by UMNO, also expressed worry about "where these sentiments will lead to". Najib responded that "Some inexperienced speakers got carried away," and assured them that "We reject such sentiments ... this is not official policy." He also stated that the speakers were being investigated by the Police for the crime of sedition.[4]

Soon after, Abdullah Ahmad Badawi, President of UMNO and the Prime Minister, announced that three unidentified speakers at the assembly had been officially reprimanded for their statements. In Singapore, the Straits Times described this as "the first time that Umno has taken action based on police reports and complaints by the opposition and non-Malay communities over the years on the same issue."[5] The following day, the UMNO-owned English daily, the New Straits Times, identified the three speakers as Hasnoor, Azimi and Hashim. Hasnoor said he "told the party leadership that I was sorry for what I had said. It was not my intention to touch on racial sensitivities and to hurt the feelings of the other races." He also suggested that the proceedings of UMNO assemblies not be carried live in the future.[6]


Heah Joo Seang (simplified Chinese: 连裕祥; traditional Chinese: 連裕祥; pinyin: Lián Yùxiáng; Jyutping: Lin4 Jyu6 Coeng4; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Liân Jū-siông) was a Malayan politician, business leader, rubber magnate, philanthropist and especially a supporter of education. Malaysia, as it has since become, only existed after Joo Seang's death. His contributions span three distinct periods in the country's history: the British Malaya period, the Malayan Union period, and the Federation of Malaya period.

The son of Heah Ah-Kia (or Heah Ah Kiah),[1][2] Joo Seang was born in Sungei Nibong Kechil, a small village in Province Wellesley, Penang on 2 November 1899.[3]

Heah Joo Seang began his education at a Chinese school in his hometown. Later on, he was sent to live in Georgetown, Penang. His uncle, Heah Lye Hiang, registered him to study in St. Xavier's Institution, a Christian missionary school, founded in 1852. He sat for, and passed the Cambridge School Certificate when he was only fourteen years old. Later on in life, when Joo Seang became successful in business, and gain prominence in politics, SXI (as the school is popularly known to the local people) benefited from his generosity. His legacy and association with the school was forever engraved in its history, when the school auditorium (fully funded by him) was named after him. For him to have contributed so willingly, he must have felt a deep sense of gratitude towards his alma mater.[4]

His working life began as a clerk in his uncle Heah Lye Hiang's tapioca mill, earning $40 a month.[5][6][7]

Over the span of 15 years he had led three political parties – the Independence of Malaya Party, Party Negara and the Penang MCA as well as serving as national treasurer for the parent body. His last public appearance was during the official visit of MCA national President, Tan Siew-Sin, in March. Although he had lost his voice – he had already been ill when he travelled through Borneo on party business in February – he insisted on addressing the Alliance rally in Siew-Sin's honour. Soon after he flew to England for a throat operation. He died in Brompton Hospital on 14 May.[8] He died in London on 14 May 1962, leaving behind a wife, Lim Soh-Liang (or Lim Su-Lian),[5][9] eight sons (Heah Hock-Khoon, Heah Hock-Soon, Heah Hock-Lye, Heah Hock-Meng, Heah Hock-Thye, Heah Hock-Aun, Heah Hock-Hin, Heah Hock-Heng), three daughters (Beng-Hong, Phee-Hong, Kwee-Hong), one son-in-law, six daughters-in-law and 15 grandchildren to mourn his loss.[10] Unknown to many, Joo Seang has a second wife. Her name is Eu Phooi Chen. It was quite common at that time for wealthy men (especially among ethnic Chinese) to have more than one wife. It was during the period of the Japanese occupation of Malaya when Phooi Chen had borne him two sons namely Paul Heah Hock Teik (born 1942) and Jeffrey Heah Hock Hai (born 1944).[11]

About a thousand people gathered at the Penang Bayan Lepas airport to receive his body which was flown back from London.[12]

His family had decided to follow the old custom concerning death that happens outside of a person's home – when a person dies outside of his home, he cannot be brought back into the house. Accordingly, when he was welcomed at the airport, they did so as if he were still alive. There was no weeping and no black clothes or other signs of mourning until his body was back at his mansion, "Goodwood," in Macalister Road, and his death then announced by a representative of the family. His body was borne in a coffin draped in red and was accompanied by a motorcade nearly five (5) miles long.[8][13] The announcement of his death was made by Rev. Soo Hneah Hee Seong, a "kee-tong" (medium), after which the mourning officially began. his body lay in state until Sunday, 21 May 1962 where it was removed for burial at the Kwangtung and Tengchow Cemetery at Mount Erskine.[14]

Malayan Chinese Association (MCA) national President, Tan Siew Sin said, the death of Heah Joo Seang left a gap that would be difficult to fill. "He was a tower of strength nor only to the MCA's central working committee but also the Penang organisation," the President wrote in a letter to Joo Seang's eldest son, Heah Hock-Khoon. "He infused new life into the Penang MCA and their loss is indeed a very grievous one... ...Apart from the MCA, the country will always remember him for his munificent gifts to charities and deserving institutions... ...I think it is only right that I should put these sentiments on record."[15]

La Sallean Brother Visitor T. Michael said the Christian Brothers had reason to grieve over the loss of a "great old boy and a very generous benefactor." He said that Joo Seang was unsparing in his attachment to his old school and worked towards its progress and improvement with genuine affection and loyalty. In referring to two new schools completed at Jalan Brother James and Kampong Bharu, he said, "These schools will stand as monuments to a public-spirited citizen whose departure leaves a gap which it will be very difficult to fill."[16]

Reporting on his funeral, the Straits Times noted, "Crowds swelling to well over 50,000 lined an eight-mile route today for the funeral of the late Mr. Heah Joo Seang, millionaire rubber magnate and Penang MCA President, whose body was flown home last week from London where he died on May 14. The two-mile procession in which 15 associations and 12 schools took part, was the longest seen in Penang for many years. 5,000 people. Three Cabinet Ministers together with the Governor of Penang, Raja Tun Uda Al-Haj, and the Chief Minister, Inche Aziz Ibrahim, were among the 5,000 people who followed the hearse on its last journey. Early arrivals were Tun Leong Yew Koh, Minister of Justice, Mr. Tan Siew Sin, Minister of Finance and National President of the MCA, Dato Ong Yoke Lin, Minister of Health and Social Welfare, and Mr. Cheah Theam Swee, assistant Minister of Commerce and Industry. The Prime Minister, Tengku Abdul Rahman, the Deputy Prime Minister, Tun Abdul Razak, and the Governor, Raja Tun Uda Al-Haj, were among those who sent wreaths. Crowds started to gather from an early hour. Before the procession lined up, the coffin was taken out of the Heah mansion, Goodwood, in Macalister Road, and laid on the lawn where representatives of various schools and organisations paid their last respects to the late Mr. Heah. Mr. Yeo Hui Tung, a leader of the Teochew community, then read out an eulogy. Although timed to start at 11.30 a.m., the procession could not get moving until 12.15 p.m. Led by Senator Cheah Seng Khim and other members of the funeral committee, it proceeded along Macalister Road to the Church of Seven Sorrows where the first stage of the procession broke up. 'Last look.' It re-assembled later in front of the Teochew Association at Chulia Street and made its way to Beach Street to give the late Mr. Heah a "last look" at his office, Hock Lye Co., Ltd. The hearse, followed by 200 cars, then proceeded to Mount Erskine Cemetery where the burial took place at 5. p.m. after full Buddhist rites. Three school bands—St. Xavier's corps of drums and the Han Chiang and Jit Sin High School bands—marched with the procession. Among the 15 political parties, local guilds and associations which took part were UMNO and MCA youths, MCA women, UMNO and MIC members, the Teochew Hoay Kuan, the Kwangtung and Tengchow Associations, the Chinese Chamber of Commerce and the Penang Rubber Trade Association. Flags of various clubs and associations with which the late Mr. Heah was actively connected flew their flags at half-mast today."[17]

A Heah Joo Seang Scholarship Fund was set up in his memory, his family contributing $10,000 to get the fund going.[18]

He was Managing Partner of Hin Giap, the largest rubber exporter in Penang, and one of the biggest employers of labour of Malaya in 1931;[19] Chairman of Amalgamated Amusements (1932–1937); Chairman of Lam Seng Cheong (Ipoh); Chairman of Synn Cheong and Company (Taiping); Director of Khiam Seng Trading Company (Ipoh); Director of Kim Hin Company; and owner of Heah Joo Seang Rubber Estates.[5] He was also the Proprietor of the Wembley Dance Hall, Penang.[20]

Following a notice in the Straits Times in August, Joo-Seang had bought from the Federation's Custodian of Property, about 26,000 acres of rubber estate land in Johore, at $6,000,000, by the start of October 1951. The transaction was the biggest of its kind up to that time involved property in the Kota Tinggi area and included Pengerang (4,632 acres), Senti (7,711), Belungkor (813), Telok Sengat (8,173), Sungei Ambok (843), Nanyo (3,089), Asahi (1,079), Sungei Seluyut (574), Tanjong Buai (132), and Buntu (425).[7][21] This, on top of everything else he had done, pushed him to the forefront of the rubber business. He also actively led the industry to resolve issues. In February 1951 he convened and presided over a meeting of Penang merchants, both European and Asian, at the Penang Rubber Exchange to address the breakdown in discussions between the Penang Employers' Association and the owners of local lighters, the latter of whom were demanding a 25 percent increase in rates. The breakdown between the parties had negatively affected the trade of Penang. The matter, now being brought back to the table was resolved, and trading resumed.[6]

He advocated finding new uses for natural rubber including laying rubber roads and rubber flooring in offices.[7]

At a dinner hosted by the Penang Rubber Trade Association on 18 March 1961 to celebrate his Johan Mangku Negara award from the King, Joo Seang, then still the President of the association, said he would still be engaged in the rubber trade if he had to live his life over. "It is a fascinating game in which one has to pit one's brains against the world." He had been connected to the organisation for a long time, having first served that body as Honorary Secretary, forty (40) years earlier.[22][23]

Who's Who in Malaya 1939: A Biographical Record of Prominent Members of Malaya's Community in Official, Professional and Commercial Circles, Singapore: Fishers Ltd (1939) provides a summary of the varied roles that Joo Seang played in Malaya:[7][24]

He was also President, Li Tek Siah; President, Chinese Benevolent Association; President, Rubber Trade Association; President, Federation of Malaya Rubber Trade Association,[26] Member of the Board of Managers of St. Xavier's Institution, Chairman, Han Chiang School[6] and bore office among very many other organisations.[5]

On August 1956, Heah Joo Seang hosted a dinner at his residence (the Goodwood mansion) in MacAlister road, Georgetown, Penang, in honour of the visit of Lord William Reid. Lord Reid was the Chairman of the Commission which was set up in England for the purpose of drafting and defining the Constitution of the Federation of Malaya. During his dinner speech, Lord Reid said, "We intend to do our utmost to leave some trace of your devotion to this Country in the shape of the Constitution", in reference to Joo Seang's championing of the rights of the straits born Chinese.[41]

The drafting of the Constitution of the Federation of Malaya began the process toward the establishment of a new Government, after England agreed to concede independence to Malaya. The Commission was set up in March 1956 to seek "the views of political parties, non-government organization and individuals on the form of government and racial structure appropriate to this Country".

Joo Seang was a strong supporter of Malayan politician Sir Onn Jaafar, founder of the United Malays National Organisation and Chief Minister of Johore. When the latter was facing political attacks, shortly after the Onn retired as Member for Home Affairs and Chairman of the Rural and Industrial Development Authority, Joo Seang, said in his defence, "Sir Onn has been falsely accused of being anti-Chinese. He has been severely criticised by some so-called Malay leaders who only want to gratify their own selfish ends."[42]

Joo Seang was passionate about sports and education and these, more than anything attracted his interest. While not a comprehensive list, some of his gifts included:

In January 1961 he was awarded the Johan Mangku Negara (JMN) at the King's installation honours that year.[22][56][59]


Hii King Chiong (simplified Chinese: 许庆璋; traditional Chinese: 許慶璋; pinyin: Xǔ Qìng Zhāng; Jyutping: Heoi2 Hing3 Zoeng1; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Khó͘ Khèng-chiong; born 30 November 1957 in Sibu, Sarawak, Malaysia) is a businessman and philanthropist.[1] In recognition of his meritorious philanthropist activities and contributions to the State of Sarawak, government, and the people, he was conferred with Ahli Bintang Sarawak (A.B.S.)[2] – Member of the Order of the Star of Sarawak by The Governor of Sarawak.

Hii King Chiong is a Malaysian Chinese and of Foochow descent. He is married with Madam Ting Hua Eng with whom they had a son and a daughter. His father, YBhg. Datuk Hii Yii Peng who is a businessman in Sibu, always teach him the importance of contributing back to the society once successful. This has become his main life perspective. He was educated at Methodist Primary School and Sacred Heart Secondary School in Sibu. Upon his high school graduation, he took GCE 'O' Level at St. Patrick's Secondary School, Singapore, followed by GCE 'A' Level at Acton Technical College, London, United Kingdom. King Chiong graduated with Diploma in Business Studies, from University of Wolverhampton, England, UK. He further study to deepen his business knowledge, and obtained a Master of Business Administration.

Following his return to Sarawak, he applies what he learned from his university to expand the family business, into another stage of success.

He joined Sarawak United Peoples' Party (SUPP), Sibu Branch in 2006. He supports the party continuously by helping to campaign and making financial contributions. Hii served on the SUPP Piasau Branch Committee and as the Pro Tem chairman from 2012 to 2014.[3] Hii's success in his political career is based largely on his accessibility to the community[4] in Miri.

In 2016 he filed an election petition in Pujut, claiming that opposing candidate, Dr Ting Tiong Choon was ineligible to run in the election as he had dual citizenship.[5][6] Despite this, Hii lost the election, but regularly campaigns on behalf of BN candidates in the region.[7]

Hii King Chiong has over numerous years, involved himself in different responsible capacities in various social bodies, including but not limited to schools, social associations, and so forth. He set-ups two service centres in Miri,[8] recruited volunteers and has since solved many problems faced by the Miri Society.

Hii's philanthropy is focused on Chinese education, he works together with associations to negotiate the best for Chinese education and hoped that one day it would have the kind of recognition enjoyed by government schools. The association board of management continues to bear heavy financial constraints to solve problems, such as old and dilapidated wooden building. He however, upon losing in the Sarawak State Election 2016 for the seat of Pujut, refused to concede although losing by wide margin and challenged the results which was rejected by election court. He appealed to the Federal Court, hoping the court would declare him as winner by disqualifying Dr Ting Tiong Choon of DAP on dual citizenship technicalities.[9]

The below shows some known offices held under the nomination by the associations.


Datuk Akmar Hisham Bin Mohd Yusof @ Mokhles (born 1972) is the press secretary for the prime minister of Malaysia.  Akmar Hisham is also a member of the advisory panel for Wasatiyyah Institute Malaysia which promotes moderate Islamic values.[1] He is also involved in non-governmental and charity organization.[2]

Akmar Hisham was born and raised in Parit, Perak, Malaysia. He is married to Datin Hazrina Binti Abdul Rahman. The couple have a daughter Aisyah Nabilah Binti Akmar Hisham.

A native of Parit, Perak, Akmar Hisham completed his primary and secondary education from January 1979 to December 1991 at Sekolah Rendah Kebangsaan Iskandar Shah (Primary) and later Sekolah Menengah Iskandar Shah (Secondary) both in Parit Perak. He completed his school studies after obtaining his Sijil Tinggi Persekolahan Malaysia.[3] After that, he continued his studies in University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur from July 1992 to March 1996. He was awarded a Bachelor of Literature (Social Administration).

Akmar Hisham started his career as a journalist for Utusan Malaysia (M) Bhd from May 1997 till September 2004.

Akmar Hisham was the press secretary for the Defence Minister (May 2004 – September 2008) and for the Finance Minister (September 2008 -September 2009) before becoming the Press Secretary for the Prime Minister (16 September 2009).

Akmar Hisham is also actively involved in community, youth and charity project. He is the Deputy President of Kelab Sahabat Bina Negara (Nation Building Club), advisor of the Kelab Eksporasi 7 Benua Malaysia (Malaysia's 7 Continent Exploration Club), Patron of the Persatuan Generasi Bestari Selangor (Selangor's Intelligent Generation Association) and Advisor of the 1 Malaysia English Channel Unity Mission.
Akmar Hisham is the advisor of the Felda Everest Project 2013 and also the KE7B Felda Greenland 2014 Expedition.[4][5]

Darjah Pangkuan Seri Melaka (DPSM) which carries the title Datuk, the lowest level title compare to the English title of Sir.[6][7]

During the 2013 Lahad Datu standoff, Datuk Akmar Hisham Mokhles was ordered by the Malaysian Prime Minister to assist the Malaysian security forces in the said conflicts area. For his courage and valor he was conferred the Pingat Kedaulatan Negara Medal. Akmar Hisham is one of the 227 media operatives who receive the medal from the Prime Minister.[8]

2013: Book:  "Najib Razak: Merintis Jalan Damai" author

2012: Book: “Berkongsi Denyut Nadi Rakyat” author

2011: Book:“Menyelami Denyut Nadi Rakyat” author

2010: Comic: “Transformasi Najib” and “Najib Transformation” author

2010: Book: “Najib: Beginning of A Legacy”. Commemorating One Year As Prime Minister of Malaysia. Editor

2009: Book: “Najib Tun Razak Pewaris Kepimpinan, Pemacu Perubahan” author and editor.

2009: Book: “Inheriting A Legacy, Fast Tracking Change”  editor.

2007: Book:“Sehati Sejiwa Najib Tun Razak” author and coordinator.

2006: Book:”Petronas Silk Road Adventure 2001: Istanbul-Putrajaya Experience The Expedition” published by Petronas Motorsports. Photographer

2002: Magazine: Columnist for Massa magazine published by Utusan Melayu (M) Bhd

April 2014: Ekspedisi KE7B Greenland Felda 2014

March 2014: Mendaki Gunung Cosciousco, Australia.

October 2012: Ranjini Mountain Expedition, Indonesia.

September 2012: 1Malaysia English Channel Mission.[9][10]

July 2011: A Step to the Earth's Roof (Everest Base Camp and Kalapatar Mountain, Nepal)

November 2010: Cosciousco Mountain Australia

July 2001: Petronas Silk Road Adventure 2001, Istanbul- Putrajaya

May 2001: Elephant Mud Hole 2: 4X4 Challenge 2001


Hishamuddin Rais (also known under the pen-name of Isha Raism) is a Malaysian film director, stand-up comedian, political and social activist. He is also notable as a columnist for several newspapers including Berita Minggu, The Sun, Malaysiakini.com and Off The Edge.[1]

Hishamuddin completed his secondary education at the Malay College Kuala Kangsar. He obtained his degree in South East Asia History in 1971 from University of Malaya. He is also a film and video graduate from the University of Westminster, London.

Hishamuddin has produced and directed several films, namely:

Hishamuddin is also a notable stand-up comedian, having performed several shows in Malaysia and in foreign countries, most recently in the United Kingdom.[5]

Hishamuddin was actively involved in campus politics while he was still studying at the rsity of M alaya. His subsequent entry into Malaysian politics came after he returned to Malaysia in 1994 after having graduated in film and video from the University of Westminster, London in 1992. He organised several street demonstrations from 1998 to 2000 following the ouster of the deputy prime minister of Malaysia, Anwar Ibrahim.

In 2001, Hishamuddin was arrested under the section 71(3) of the Internal Security Act 1984 on the charge of conspiracy to overthrow the government with threats and violence.

In 2013, together with Tian Chua and Adam Adli Abdul Halim, Hishammuddin was charged with sedition for their speeches at Kuala Lumpur Selangor Chinese Assembly Hall on May 13.[6]


Ishak Haji Muhammad (14 November 1909 – 7 November 1991),  better known as Pak Sako, was a Malaysian writer, active in the 1930s until the 1950s. He was a nationalist and his involvement began before independence and continued thereafter. He fought for the idea of the unification of Melayu Raya where Indonesia, Malaysia and Brunei are united in one collective.

The moniker Pak Sako was from the title 'Isako-san' given to him by the Japanese, which was the phonetic pronunciation of his name in the Japanese tongue. Ishak's other pseudonyms include Anwar, Hantu Raya (The Great Ghost), Isako San and Pandir Moden (The Modern-day Pandir)

Ishak was born in 1909 in Kampung Bukit Seguntang, Temerloh, Pahang and received his early education at the Kg. Tengah Malay School, Temerloh in 1919 and continued his education at the  Clifford High School, Kuala Lipis from 1924 to 1928. He received his certificate of education from the Raub English School in 1929.  In 1930, he went to the Malay College Kuala Kangsar (MCKK) to train as an officer in the Malayan Civil Service. He held posts as Assistant Deputy District Officer, a Class III Magistrate and a language teacher before entering the literary scene. He attended the Malayan Communist Party in 1941 before the Japanese Occupation of Malaya and became a central committee member of MCP along with Rashid Maidin, Ahmad Boestamam and Abdullah CD in Perak.

Ishak grew bored with his job as a British administrator and found the life of a British civil servant full of deception, favouritism and no interest in preserving the interests of the Malays who were said to have been given protection by the British. In 1934, he resigned from the Malayan Civil Service and travelled the peninsula Malaya. He later concentrated on nationalist literature and politics. He was imprisoned twice (1948–1953; 1965–1966).

Ishak was the first with the idea to publish the Utusan Melayu (The Malay Post) newspaper and subsequently became the founder of the publication. He left Warta Malaya (Malayan Times) and travelled to Pahang, Kelantan and Terengganu to campaign for the establishment of the Utusan Melayu Press. He worked at the paper under Abdul Rahim Kajai as editor. During the Japanese occupation of Malaya, he became the editor of Berita Malai (Malayan News).

He continued to live in Hulu Langat even though he worked in Kuala Lumpur. He would take the public transport to office. For a while, he did have a Fiat when he was working in Rembau, but he did not drive and had to hire a driver.[1]

Ishak produced many novels, short stories, essays and memoirs as well as writing articles for the Utusan Melayu Group's newspapers. The National Library of Malaysia has, in their collection, more than 1,000 copies of his literary work.

His two most well-known works are Putera Gunung Tahan (The Prince of Mount Tahan) and Anak Mat Lela Gila (The Son of Crazy Mat Lela), which reflected his views and aspirations as a patriot and writer. They were satire novels aimed at the British and also were a critique of the British. Ishak placed importance on Malay culture in his writings and glorified Malay culture by comparing it to English culture which is said to lack quality and is too aggressive. He was also active in short story-writing.

In his later years, he was more known as a columnist in Utusan Malaysia and Gila-Gila (a local satire magazine).

As tribute for his contributions, the University of Malaya awarded him an Honorary Doctorate of Literature on 29 June 1973.  On 29 May 1976, Ishaak received the Pejuang Sastera (Literary Exponent) Award from the Prime Minister.

He died on 7 November 1991 at 5.40 am at his home in Kampung Bukit Raya, in Hulu Langat, Selangor. He was buried in his childhood village in Temerloh, after the Friday prayers, next to the graves of his parents, in accordance with his wishes.[1] He had been admitted to the Tawakal Hospital on 18 October after suffering from a stroke, and had just left the hospital for two weeks before he died. Earlier in the year, he had suffered another stroke and was admitted to the Kuala Lumpur General Hospital on 22 July. That attack left his right side paralysed.[2]

As tribute, UMNO donated RM16,874.15 to his family at the close of its General Assembly that year. RM10,000 came from the UMNO headquarters while the remainder was contributed by its delegates during the assembly. It was presented by the Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad to the Chief Minister of Pahang, Khalil Yaacob to be given to his family.[3]

Several places and honours were named after him, including:


Jamawi bin Ja'afar is a Malaysian politician from Sabah region and currently represent the PGRS-GRS side. He was the Former Member of Sabah State Legislative Assembly for Kemabong from 2018 until 2020. He become the Division Leader of Melalap branch PGRS-GRS in March 2023.

He was the Youth Chief of UMNO Tenom Division and Youth Information Chief of UMNO.[1] He quit UMNO in 2018 and then later joined WARISAN with the reason to support Sabah local party. In 2020, he quit WARISAN because of PSS controversies and rejoined UMNO as alternative choices. After BN-UMNO got lose streak and lost many seats in Malaysia General Election in November 2022, he decided to joining GRS through GRS direct membership constitution. In February 2023, he has confirmed to support and joining Sabah local party namely PGRS, one of the major component party of GRS. In March 2023, he officially become the Division Leader of Melalap branch PGRS–GRS. In October 17, 2023, he has confirmed that Tenom parliamentary branch of PGRS–GRS has successfully reached 5,000 membership.


Datuk Jaujan bin Sambakong is a Malaysian politician who has served as the Member of Sabah State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Sulabayan since May 2013. He served as the Deputy Chief Minister of Sabah III and State Minister of Housing and Local Government of Sabah in the Heritage Party (WARISAN) state administration under former Chief Minister Shafie Apdal from May 2018 to the collapse of the WARISAN state administration in September 2020. He is a member of WARISAN. He was a member of the United Malays National Organisation of Sabah (Sabah UMNO), a branch of a component party of the Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition.[1][2][3][4]


John Ambrose Dumpangol (born 1 March 1952) is a Malaysian politician who served as the Senator from January 2018 to January 2024. He is a member of the Parti Gagasan Rakyat Sabah (GAGASAN), a component party of the Gabungan Rakyat Sabah (GRS) coalition and was a member of Malaysian United Indigenous Party of Sabah (Sabah BERSATU), a former component party branch of the GRS coalition and component party of the Perikatan Nasional (PN) coalition and was a member of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), a component party of the Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition.[1][2] He left UMNO on 13 December 2018,[3] joined BERSATU on 15 March 2019 and moved to Sabah BERSATU after its formation on 6 April 2019. He left Sabah BERSATU on 10 December 2022.[4][5][6] and joined GAGASAN on 5 February 2023. He is of Kadazan-Dusun descent and is a Christian of the Roman Catholic denomination.[2]


Kamarulzaman Teh (15 January 1920 – 5 November 2002), who was imprisoned in the Federation of Malaya for 22 years, is the longest political detainee in Malaysia's history.[1] He was the leader of Angkatan Pemuda Insaf (API), who fought the Japanese during the Japanese occupation of Malaya.

Kamarulzaman was born into a family of Malay farmers in  Temerloh, Pahang. He joined Parti Kebangsaan Melayu Malaya (PKMM) during the Japanese occupation in Malaya to fight against the Japanese army. He was very enthusiastic about the party as he saw socialism as a way to conquer poverty in his state through taxation of landowners. He was also attracted to guerrilla warfare, which he thought of as the most effective way to counter the Imperial Japanese army. Ultimately, he was elected as the head of the youth wing in Angkatan Pemuda Insaf (API) of Pahang.[2]

During the Malayan Emergency in 1948, the British took Kamarulzaman into custody in a bus station in Temerloh, without further investigation. He was also charged with owning firearms. He was sentenced to death by hanging, but was later granted a royal pardon from the Sultan of Pahang. His charge was reduced to life imprisonment instead. He spent the following 14 years in the prison at Temerloh. Following the departure of the British, he was released, but placed under surveillance. However, his freedom was short-lived, as he was arrested and detained under the Internal Security Act for another eight years.[3]

Following his release, Kamarulzaman joined Parti Sosialis Rakyat Malaysia (now Parti Rakyat Malaysia) and campaigned unsuccessfully for election in 1974. Even with his loss, he remained actively involved in PRM throughout the seventies.[4]

Kamarulzaman's health slowly deteriorated. Because his family had difficulties paying his medical bills, he was taken care of by his adopted sister and her husband. He was put in a home for the elderly in Kuala Lumpur. His health worsened in July 2002, and he was moved from Kuala Lumpur back to his hometown in Temerloh.

After returning to Temerloh, he went to southern Thailand to reunite with his old comrades. His friends included General Secretary of the Communist Party of Malaya, Abdullah CD and Chin Peng. He also reunited with his friend Rashid Maidin when Rashid visited him in the nursing home. At that time, he was immobile and no longer able to recognise people due to his severe health problems.[5] He died in Thailand at 10:30 am on 5 November 2002. He was buried in the Muslim graveyard at Narathiwat Province that same day.


Karim bin Bujang is a Malaysian politician from WARISAN. He was the Member of Sabah State Legislative Assembly for Bongawan from 1990 to 2013.

He was a member of USNO before it merged with BERJAYA to form UMNO Sabah in 1991. He had held the post of Secretary-general of Barisan Nasional Sabah. In 2018, he joined WARISAN and contested for the Kimanis federal seat and 2020 Kimanis by-election.[1]


Hajah Khairin Nisa binti Ismail is a Malaysian lawyer and politician. A member of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), she is the Member of the Johor State Legislative Assembly for Serom since 2022.

Before joining politics, she graduated from International Islamic University (IIU) and opened a law firm named after her, Khairin-Nisa & Co., in Muar, Johor on 23 May 1990.[1]

In the 2022 Johor state election, she contested for Serom under the Barisan Nasional (BN) banner and defeated 4 other candidates — Rahmat Daud from the Perikatan Nasional (PN), Asim Abdullah from the Pakatan Harapan (PH), and Azim Malek from the Homeland Fighters' Party (PEJUANG).[2] Within her party, she also serves Women Division Chief in Ledang.[3]

She sworn as one of the Johor State Executive Councilor on 26 March 2022.[4]


Khamsiyah binti Yeop is a Malaysian politician and former Deputy Minister of Entrepreneur and Co-operatives Development.


Tan Sri Datin Sri Cempaka Kontik Kamariah binti Ahmad (5 August 1911 – 17 August 2006)[1][2] scored many “firsts” for women in the co-operative movement, education and politics in Malaysia.

Born in Kampung Seputih, Kuala Lumpur on Aug 5, 1911, Kamariah was educated at a Malay school in her village and then Methodist Girls School Kuala Lumpur (MGSKL) where she emerged as the first Malay girl in Malaysia to pass the Senior Cambridge examination in 1928. Her father was businessman-politician Ahmad Panglima Garang Ishak.

She had her teacher training at Victoria Institution (VI) before she was made supervisor of Malay schools in Selangor in 1932-45 and 1948-56 – the first woman to hold the post.

She also excelled in the cooperative movement and was the chairman of the Co-op Union of Malaya (now Malaysia) – the only woman to hold the post.

In 1948, when teachers could not get loans, she helped set up the Selangor Co-op and Thrift and Loans Society. She later helped set up the Selangor Government Officers Housing Co-operative which built a housing project in 1954 and named it Taman Kamariah in her honour.

For her contributions to the cooperative movement, she was awarded a British Empire Medal.

In politics, she was active in UMNO's Kaum Ibu wing, the forerunner of Wanita Umno, and served as Kampung Baru branch secretary and Gombak Setia Umno committee member. She was also active in Pertiwi, an Islamic women's activist group.

The Sultan of Selangor, Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah appointed her as Orang Kaya Maha Bijaya (a traditional title for a native overlord) for the Gombak district in 1979 – the first woman so honoured.

In 1996, the Yang di-Pertuan Agong conferred on her the Panglima Setia Mahkota, which carries the title Tan Sri.

Kamariah died on 17 August 2006 at the age of 95 and was buried at the Jalan Ampang Muslim Cemetery, Kuala Lumpur. She is survived by a son and a daughter.

This Malaysian biographical article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.


Tan Sri Devaki Ayathurai Krishnan (Tamil: தேவகி கிருஷ்ணன்) (born 11 March 1923) is a Malaysian politician. She became the first woman be elected to public office in Malaysia when she won a seat on the Municipal Council in Kuala Lumpur in 1952. She is currently a life member of the Malaysian Indian Congress (MIC).

Of Sri Lankan Tamil descent, Devaki was born in Port Dickson, Negri Sembilan, and was the eldest of six children. Her father was acting controller of Post and Telecoms Malaya, and her mother was a college-trained Tamil school teacher.

She was educated at St. Mary's School, Kuala Lumpur. Upon graduation she became a school teacher. In 1949, she became an active member of the Selangor Indian Association where she served as chairman of the entertainment and social committee. She was also actively involved in the Women's International Club where she spent her time raising funds for disaster victims.

In December 1951, Devaki learned from her husband that the community had nominated her to stand for election in the Kuala Lumpur Municipal elections. She was then approached by the late Dato' Onn Jaafar to become a member of the Independence of Malaya Party (IMP). "When I stood as a candidate, I needed help to address the audience, so I would sit with Datuk Onn and another lawyer, R. Ramani, at his office," she recalls, adding that the IMP quarters were in what is now the landmark Sultan Abdul Samad Building. In her 1952 election manifesto, she stated, "I will interest myself particularly in the lot of the women of Kuala Lumpur and in extending the programme of social work already carried out by the municipality." Devaki won election to the Municipal Council, thus becoming the first woman in the country to be elected to public office.

In 1955, she stood for a second term for the municipal council in Bangsar, Kuala Lumpur, and won. After her victory, she was paraded in an open-top car, accompanied by over 50 cars along Jalan Tuanku Abdul Rahman, Kuala Lumpur.

After the election, Krishnan became a member of the Malayan Indian Congress (MIC), which was then only a social and welfare association. She contested for the Sentul constituency in the 1959 state election under the Alliance ticket but lost.

Krishnan was also a champion for the involvement of women in the Malaysian political system. In those days, most women stayed at home. Wanita (Women) MIC was created in 1975. Devaki recruited women throughout the nation for this branch of the party, with considerable her success. "No one taught them to come out as they were shy and had strict upbringings. Wherever they opened branches in MIC, I would open a women's branch. I will take the women aside, talk to them, and tell them what they would gain and how they could go about becoming members." In 1975, Devaki was appointed Wanita MIC secretary and Wanita deputy president in 1984 (a position she held for 10 years).

She also served as vice-president of the Selangor MIC and chairman of the Selangor Wanita MIC. She became the first chairman of the MIC marriage bureau which was set up in 1984.

Krishnan currently serves as the Chairman of MIC Syed Putra branch. She continues to recruit women members for MIC and encourage MIC members to register as voters. In August 2021, she was noted as being the longest standing member of the party.[2]

Devaki joined the Civil Defence Corp in 1953 where she underwent training in fire fighting and welfare. She was later made an instructor. Her intensive training paid off during the May 1969 riots when Devaki helped take care of the riot victims and homeless, numbering around 3,500, at Stadium Merdeka. She was in charge of the medical clinic, and continued serving there for several months until all the victims had been cared for and released.

She was a committee member of the Indian Welfare Society, the Family Planning Association of Selangor, the Pure Life Society and chairman of the St John's Ambulance Association. She served on the Social Welfare Committee of Kuala Lumpur for over 15 years and was a committee member of the Tengku Budriah Orphanage and the Serendah Boys Home. She is also a Juvenile Court adviser.

Devaki, an active member in women organisations, is also an Executive Council member of the National Council of Women's Organisation (NCWO). She was also instrumental in the passing of the Guardianship Act 1999. "We had to canvass even from the opposition, and the National Council of Women's Organisation (NCWO) was the main vehicle. What took 12 years was worth it as it managed to allow single women to take care of their children."

Her husband, P. Krishnan, was a wealthy and successful businessman and was not involved in politics. He died in 1998. She has three children and five grandchildren. Devaki's eldest grandson Ramanan Ramakrishnan was a former MIC treasurer and currently Member of Parliament for Sungai Buloh under the Pakatan Harapan banner.


Jennifer Lasimbang is a Malaysian politician from Sabah. In Sabah government, she has been the State Assistant Minister of Education and Innovation. She served as the Member of Sabah State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Moyog from May 2018 until September 2020. She is a member of the Sabah Heritage Party (WARISAN).[1][2]


Lau Pak Khuan (simplified Chinese: 刘伯群; traditional Chinese: 劉伯群; pinyin: Liú Bóqún; Jyutping: Lau4 Baak3 Kwan4; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Lâu Pek-kûn; 1894 – 1971) was a major Chinese political and community leader in Malaysia.

Born in China, Lau was 17 when he came to Malaya on board a Chinese junk in search of a better life. Upon arrival, he saw and experienced the hardship of his countrymen. He made a promise to himself that if he ever made it, he would do all he could for their welfare. Being a Hakka, Lau had to work as a labourer, and his first job was as a tin-mine pushcart boy. He was eventually made a supervisor after years of hard work, and ended up managing 20 of his own tin mines.

A former Kuomintang leader, he was a personal friend of Sun Yat-sen and Chiang Kai-shek. A founding member of Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA), he split ranks with the mainstream and left the party in 1956 over major differences in defending Chinese rights. He was noted for leading the fight for Chinese equal citizenship rights and official language status during the drafting of the Malaysian Constitution after Malaysia gained her independence, although it was not successful. The mainstream of the MCA was not in support of this.

Lau was awarded the title Officer of the Order of the British Empire by King George V for public service. He was awarded the Datuk title in 1963 and Datuk Seri three years later by then Sultan of Perak, Sultan Idris Shah. He was the first Chinese to be conferred the Datuk Seri title.

A street was named after him in Ipoh Garden, Perak.

He served as President of Chinese Chamber of Commerce for 33 years, Perak Chinese Assembly Hall for a similar period, Perak Kwantung Association for 30 years and Perak Chinese Mining Association for 25 years. He was president of the associations for so many years as no one wanted to challenge him. They had such faith in him to lead the community.

He died in 1971, leaving behind nine children - three girls and six boys.
He was an extraordinary man who preferred to remain anonymous when he donated to charities. He believed everything he had was from the people, and this was why he worked so hard to give something back.


Lau Yew (simplified Chinese: 刘友; traditional Chinese: 劉友; pinyin: Liú Yǒu) was a prominent member of the Malayan Communist Party. He was a high-ranking commander in its military arm during World War II, the Malayan Peoples Anti-Japanese Army.

After the war, he led the Malayan Peoples' Anti-British Army until his death in 1948. Lau Yew is believed to have favoured a seizure of power from the British in 1945 before they had fully re-established themselves in Malaya, but was opposed in this by the MCP's leader Lai Teck.

Lau Yew (simplified Chinese: 刘友; traditional Chinese: 劉友; pinyin: Liú Yǒu) was killed in an ambush in Kajang by the Ferret Force teams on 16 July 1948.


Azlan Mohd Lazim is the father of Saiful Bukhari Azlan, primarily known for his involvement in the Anwar Ibrahim sodomy trials. In June 2008, Saiful alleged that Leader of Opposition of Malaysia Anwar Ibrahim, to whom Saiful was a former aide, had forcibly sodomised him, eventually attesting to this in an oath that took place in the Federal Territory Mosque in August 2008 with Azlan as his witness. However, in March 2013, Azlan publicly retracted all allegations against Anwar, stating that the then Prime Minister Abdullah Ahmad Badawi's Department had used him and Saiful to implicate Anwar. In May 2013, he again changed his statement and retracted his March 2013 statement saying that what happened to Saiful was 'real' and not a political conspiracy against Anwar.

Azlan Mohd Lazim was seen accompanying his son Saiful Bukhari Azlan to court in Kuala Lumpur on 10 February 2010. Retrieved 11 March 2013.[1]

Azlan urged Suhakam to review the sodomy case involving his son and the opposition leader Anwar Ibrahim. Azlan asked Suhakam to expedite the process, as the case would soon become obsolete without the assistance of an independent body. He stated that he believed his son was a victim and that justice must prevail at any cost.[2]

Azlan made a statement saying that he was annoyed and displeased with Anwar Ibrahim stalling the judicial process.[3]

He also urged the Attorney General to file an appeal against Anwar Ibrahim's acquittal, as it was based on legal technicalities. He further expressed that without said technicalities Anwar Ibrahim would still be in prison.[4]

Despite previous statements, Azlan revoked all of his claims and apologised to Anwar Ibrahim and his family for accusing him of sodomising his son.[5] Azlan pointed to the accusation of Anwar Ibrahim's sodomy charges as the works of individuals within the Prime Minister's Department. This drew criticism from both pro-government and pro-opposition supporters.[6]

Perak Grand Mufti Harussani claims that Azlan may have committed perjury; Azlan has "committed a grievous sin by coming out with a baldfaced lie". The mufti pointed out that Azlan had feverishly fought to defend his son, but then changed his statement. Azlan's credibility is now in question, as he may have been a false witness.[7]

Noh Omar, The Malaysian Agriculture and Agro-Based Industry Minister, is prompting the public to question Azlan's credibility, as he is telling stories that would influence the appeal to his son's case. Perak Menteri Besar Zambri rebutted that the apology made by Azlan to Anwar Ibrahim seems orchestrated, a diversion from the Lahad Datu issue in which Anwar is stated to be directly involved.[8]

Saiful was apparently baffled as to why his father made the retraction. Saiful squarely places the blame on Anwar for allegedly manipulating his father into becoming his pawn "all to satiate the PKR de facto leader's political avarice." Saiful has responded with a press statement from his lawyer's office in Hartamas. He was visibly choked with emotion when journalists asked him about his father retracting the statement he had made all these years and giving his full support to Anwar Ibrahim. Saiful mentioned that he had tried to call his father to ask what was going on, but his father was unreachable.[9]


Lee Boon Heng is a Malaysian politician. A member of the People's Justice Party (PKR), he has been the member of the Penang State Legislative Assembly representing Kebun Bunga since 2023.

Lee was a media person before joining politics.[1]

Lee has been participating in politics since 2013.[1]


Heng Lee Lee is a Malaysian politician from DAP. She has been a Member of Penang State Legislative Assembly representing Berapit since 2018.

She studied in SMK Jalan Damai and is a Bachelor in Communications from Universiti Sains Malaysia.[1]

Heng was a reporter from 2003 to 2010.[1]

Heng was a Special Officer for the Office of Chief Minister of Penang from 2011 to 2018.[1]

Heng is married to a Taiwanese in 2019.[4]


Philip Lee Tau Sang (Chinese: 李道生) (d. 1959) was a politician of Hakka Chinese descent in North Borneo (now the east Malaysian state of Sabah). At various different times, he was a member of the Advisory Council of North Borneo (1947–1950), the Legislative Council of North Borneo (1950–1958) and the Executive Council of North Borneo (1950–1953, 1956–1957).

He was highly respected by the Chinese community in North Borneo and well-liked by the British colonists. The latter touted him as a potential future Chief Minister of North Borneo after its independence from the United Kingdom. However, four years before North Borneo joined the federation of Malaysia, Lee suddenly died of a heart attack in the United States.

Lee Tau Sang Road (Malay: Jalan Lee Tau Sang) is named in Lee's honour. It is located in Tanjung Aru, a southern suburb of Kota Kinabalu, the state capital of Sabah.


Liou Chen Kuang is a Malaysian politician and businessman of Chinese descent from Machap Baru in Malacca state. He is a member of the Democratic Action Party (DAP) and was the party's losing candidate for the Malacca State Legislative Assembly seat of Machap in the 2004 general elections.[1] In the 2004 election, the late Datuk Wira Poh Ah Tiam of the Barisan Nasional (BN) defeated him by a majority of 4,562 votes.[2]

Despite the loss, on 30 March 2007, the DAP announced Liou will again contest for the party in the 2007 Machap by-election due to his  "knowledge of the local terrain", grassroots support, and his willingness "to serve Machap constituents".[3] Liou was eventually defeated, but by a marginally smaller majority.


Dr. Haji Mamad Puteh (born 5 August 1956) is a Malaysian politician and doctor who has served as Member of the Terengganu State Executive Council (EXCO) in the Perikatan Nasional (PN) state administration under Menteri Besar Ahmad Samsuri Mokhtar since May 2018 as well as Member of the Terengganu State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Kuala Berang from November 1999 to March 2004 and again since May 2018.[1] He is a member of the Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS), a component party of the PN coalition.

Mamad was elected into the Terengganu State Legislative Assembly as the Kuala Berang MLA for the first term in the 1999 Terengganu state election by a total of 7,707 votes. In the 2004  Terengganu state election, his failed to defend the seat and be reelected as the Kuala Betang MLA after his defeat to Komarudin Abdul Rahman of Barisan Nasional (BN). In the 2018 Terengganu state election, he regained the seat and was reelected as the Kuala Berang MLA for the second term by the majority of 1,070 votes.[2]

Mamad was born in Kampung Rhu Dua, Marang, Terengganu, Malaysia on 5 August 1956. He has lived in Kampung Sungai Petai, Kuala Berang, Terengganu, Malaysia for more than 30 years.[3]


Datuk Seri Panglima Masidi Manjun (born 1 June 1951) is a Malaysian politician, lawyer and public administrator who has served as the State Minister of Finance of Sabah since January 2023 and State Minister of Local Government and Housing of Sabah from September 2020 to January 2023 in the Gabungan Rakyat Sabah (GRS) state administration under Chief Minister Hajiji Noor and Member of the Sabah State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Karanaan since March 2004. He was the state COVID-19 spokesman and coordinating minister of the GRS state government of Sabah. During the COVID-19 pandemic, he spoke frequently on the response of Sabah towards the pandemic. On 13 January 2023, Joachim Gunsalam took over the duties from him.[2][3] He is a member of Parti Gagasan Rakyat Sabah (GAGASAN), a component party of the GRS coalition. He has also served as the Deputy President of GAGASAN since February 2023. He also served as the State Deputy Chairman of the Malaysian United Indigenous Party of Sabah from April 2019 to his resignation from the party in December 2022 and Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS) from August 2020 to January 2021.[4][5]

Masidi obtained a degree of Bachelor of Laws from the University of London in 1977 and became Barrister-at-Law with Honours at Lincoln's Inn, London in 1979.

Masidi entered the State Public Service in 1977 as a legal adviser and prosecutor at the Forestry Department. He was admitted as an Advocate and Solicitor of the High Court of Sabah and Sarawak in 1979, the same year he was appointed as Tuaran District Officer. He was transferred to Sandakan in the similar position in 1982 before being promoted as Permanent Secretary of Ministry of Culture, Youth and Sports in 1984. In 1987, he was made a Senior State Counsel in the State Attorney-General's Chambers. He left the State Public Service in 1989 to join private sector.

Masidi served as Chairman of Institute of Development Studies of Sabah from 1994 to 2004 and member of board of directors of Sabah Development Bank during that time.[4] He held directorship in various companies including Chase Perdana Berhad, Sitt Tatt Berhad and Bank Rakyat. He is Chairman of Malaysian Bioeconomy Development Corporation since 24 July 2020.[6]

Masidi joined politics in 2004 as he was nominated by United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) as candidate for Karanaan state constituency. He subsequently won the election and holds the seat for four consecutive terms. He is currently serving the fifth term in Karanaan following his victory in the 16th state election under the banner of Malaysian United Indigenous Party (BERSATU).

He then rose to prominence as Minister of State for Youth and Sports and served from 2004 until 2008. He then became Minister of State for Tourism, Culture and Environment from 2008 to 2018 and Minister of State charged with education during that time. He also served as Deputy Chief Minister post 14th general election for two days. He left UMNO in 2018 to join BERSATU and became the latter's state liaison deputy chairman subsequently.

Masidi was bestowed with the following honours:


Masiung Banah is a Malaysian politician who has been the State Minister of Youth and Sports and also a Sabah People's Ideas Party (GAGASAN) member, one of the Gabungan Rakyat Sabah (GRS) component parties. He has served as the Member of Sabah State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Kuamut since March 2008. In 2023, he was appointed as Vice President III of Sabah People's Ideas Party along with Arifin Bin Mohd Arif (Vice President I) and Rubin Balang (Vice President II).


Matbali bin Haji Musah is a Malaysian politician who serves as the Member of Parliament for Sipitang since 2022 and was the Member of Sabah State Legislative Assembly for Lumadan from 2018 to 2020. A Bisayan, he is the direct member of the Gabungan Rakyat Sabah (GRS) since 2022.

He was the Deputy Chief of UMNO Sipitang division until 2019 when he quitted UMNO to join BERSATU.[1]


N.K Menon (1895-1979) is Malaysian politician and medical doctor of Indian descent. He had serve as assemblyman for Jelutong in year 1954. He is well known for criticizing the exploitation of Indian labour by British capitalist.[1][2][3] He also well known as the founder of Radical Party.

As Settlement Councillor in Penang and a member of the Settlement Executive Committee, he served the Indian community and the people of Penang with distinction. In his capacity as the Chairman of the Settlement Committee for Education, he played a notable role in serving both the English and Tamil schools in Penang State. Menon also had the distinction of becoming the President of the British Medical Association of Malaya between 1955-6. At different times he served as a President of the North Malaya Kerala Samajam and the Malaysian-German Society as well.[4]

Dr N.K. Menon was born to P.K. Nambyar on 1895 in Malabar, India. P.K. Nambyar is the Straith Settlement Couceler. Menon was educated in St. Xavier’s Institution in Penang and had his medical training at the University of Edinburgh, University of Tübingen in Germany and Madras University Medical College. He began his private practice in Penang in 1926. In the 1940s, Dr Menon became actively involved in the Indian National Army (INA), an army inspired by radical Indian nationalists opposed to the moderate approach of the Indian National Congress. They teamed up with the advancing Japanese armies to expel the British from India-each for their own reasons.


Mohamad Asfia bin Awang Nassar (born 8 October 1947) is a Malaysian politician who has served as the Speaker of Sarawak State Legislative Assembly since 15 January 2000. He served as the Acting Yang di-Pertua Negeri of Sarawak from 16 August 2023 to 17 September 2023 and Deputy Speaker of Sarawak State Legislative Assembly from 1995 to 2000. He was also the Member of the Sarawak State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Serdeng between 1991 and 2011 and MLA for Kuala Rajang between 1979 and 1983.

Tan Sri Mohamad Asfia Awang Nassar was appointed as Acting Yang di-Pertua Negeri of Sarawak on 16 August 2023. It followed the absence of Tun Abdul Taib Mahmud who was in the process of recovering his health abroad.[1] Taib was previously in Turkiye for a holiday before facing health problems and undergoing a surgical procedure. He had already taken the oath in the Astana Negeri Petra Jaya. Present to witness the ceremony was the Premier of Sarawak, Tan Abang Johari Openg. According to a report from Astro Awani, this is not the first time he has performed the task, and the last time was on 1 December 2019 to 11 January 2020.


Mohamad Fazli bin Mohamad Salleh (born 4 November 1986) is a Malaysian politician and engineer who has served as Member of the Johor State Executive Council (EXCO) in the Barisan Nasional (BN) state administration under Menteri Besar Onn Hafiz Ghazi as well as Member of the Johor State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Bukit Pasir since March 2022. He is a member of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), a component party of the BN coalition.

Mohamad Fazli was born in Kampung Jalan Raja, Bukit Pasir, Johor, Malaysia on 4 November 1986.

On 26 March 2022, Mohamad Fazli was appointed as a Member of the Johor State EXCO in charge of Works, Transport and Infrastructure by Menteri Besar Onn Hafiz.[1]

In the 2022 Johor state election, Mohamad Fazli made his electoral debut after being nominated by BN to contest for the Bukit Pasir state seat. He won the seat and was elected into the Johor State Legislative Assembly as the Bukit Pasir MLA after narrowly defeating Iqbal Razak of Perikatan Nasional (PN), Elia Nadira of Pakatan Harapan (PH), defending MLA and independent candidate
Najib Lep, another independent candidate Johar Siraj and Mohd Akhiri Mahmood of the Homeland Fighters Party (PEJUANG) by a majority of only 198 votes.[2]

Mohamad Fazli used to work with Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB).[3]


Mohamad Shukor bin Zakariah is a Malaysian politician from PAS. He has been the Member of Penang State Legislative Assembly for Pulau Betong since 2023.


Mohamed Salleh bin Bajuri is a Malaysian politician. He is a member of the Malaysian United Indigenous Party (BERSATU), a component party of the Perikatan Nasional (PN) coalition. He has served as Treasurer-General of BERSATU since 2016.[1][2]

Mohamed Salleh Bajuri was remanded by the Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission for allegations concerning party accounts.[3] He was released on bail on 4 March 2023.[4]


Mohd Tuah Ismail is a Malaysian politician from PKR. He was the Member of Penang State Legislative Assembly for Pulau Betong from 2018 to 2023. He is the Deputy Chief of PKR Balik Pulau Division. He was also a member of MAINPP from 2014 to 2021.[1]

He was born in Balik Pulau to Ismail Othman and Siti Halijah Mohd Zain on 9 August 1966.[2] Mohd Tuah studied in SK Titi Teras and SMK Seri Balik Pulau before becoming a Bachelor in Islamic Studies from Akademi Islah Malaysia.[2] He is married to Mazilah Ismail and the couple have a son and a daughter.[2]


John Victor Morais S.B.St.J[1][non-primary source needed] also known as J. Victor Morais (1910–1991)[2] was a Malaysian writer, journalist and managing director of several newspapers. He was also known as the editor and publisher of the biannual directory Who's Who in Malaysia and Singapore (ISSN 0303-6928, ISSN 0083-9620, OCLC 50350748 and OCLC 614945506), which was first published as The Leaders of Malaya and who's who in 1956.[3] It was a successor of Who's Who in Malaya, which stopped to publish for about 30 years until the birth of Morais's Who's Who.[3]

Morais was the publisher of The Perak Times in Ipoh, Perak and other location, during the Japanese occupation of Malaya.[2] After the war, he worked for several newspaper, such as Malaya Tribune and [unknown location] Daily News.[4]

In 1948, Morais was also appointed as an unofficial member of the Perak State Executive Council.[5][non-primary source needed]

This Malaysian biographical article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.


Muhamad bin Kasim is a Malaysian politician from BERSATU. He has been the Member of Penang State Legislative Assembly for Telok Bahang since 2023. He is also a retired colonel.[1]


Muhammad Faiz bin Dato' Haji Fadzil is a Malaysian politician. He was a member of Penang State Legislative Assembly for Permatang Pasir from 2018 to 2023.

He is also the owner of a law firm, Faiz Fadzil & Co in Seremban, Negeri Sembilan.[1]

He is the Chairman of Lembaga Kemajuan Ikan Malaysia replacing Irmohizam Ibrahim in 2018 and was replaced by Syed Abu Hussin Hafiz in 2020.[2] He was reappointed as Chairman since 15 May 2023 for a period of 3 years.[3]

He is a member of AMANAH National Committee for 2019-2022. During the party's National Leadership Committee meeting on 7 January 2024, he was appointed as the new Secretary General, replacing Dr Hatta Ramli who was promoted to become a Vice President.

He is seen as the future leader to replace Mohamad Sabu and Mahfuz Omar in AMANAH to spread moderate Islam, following his father, Fadzil Noor's will.

He is the son of former President of PAS, Fadzil Noor.[1]

On 10 June 2021, he was charged for sexually assaulting a saleswoman.[5] He was discharged not amounting to acquittal (DNAA) of the case on 7 September 2023.[6]


Haji Abdul Muis Picho (born 20 July 1957) is a Malaysian politician who served as the Member of the Sabah State Legislative Assembly for Sebatik from 2008 to 2020.

Born in Kampung Bombalai, Tawau in 1957, Muis was educated at SRK Bombalai, SMK Abaka and SMK Holy Trinity.[1] He then studied automotive engineering at Federal Institute of Technology.[1] Following the graduation, he served as the CEO of Manuk Mas Livestock Farm from 1984 to 1993.[1]

Being a member of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) since 1990s, he served various positions within the party.[1] He was firstly elected the MLA for Sebatik in 2008 election[1] and was re-elected in 2013 and in 2018. Shortly after his third re-election in 2018, he quit the UMNO and joined the Sabah Heritage Party (WARISAN) in order to let Shafie Apdal to be the new Chief Minister.[2][3]

On 29 July 2020, it was reported that Muis was one of several WARISAN-PH-UPKO MLAs who backed Musa Aman as the new Chief Minister.[4][5] Though Musa announced that he had already gained enough supports (33 out of 65) to form a new government, Shafie asked the Yang di-Pertua Negeri to rather dissolve the State Legislative Assembly and call a fresh election.[6] Muis then joined the Malaysian United Indigenous Party (PPBM)[7] and sought for a re-election, but lost to the WARISAN candidate Hassan A. Gani Pg. Amir.[8]

He married Hajjah Hanawiah binti Paressa and has 12 children.[1]


Joseph Ng Soon Seong is a Malaysian politician. A member of the Democratic Action Party (DAP), he has been the member of the Penang State Legislative Assembly representing Air Itam since 2018.


Nor Zamri bin Latiff is a Malaysian politician from PAS. He has been the Member of Penang State Legislative Assembly for Sungai Bakap since 2023.


Ong Ah Teong is a Malaysian politician. A member of the Democratic Action Party (DAP), he has been the member of the Penang State Legislative Assembly representing Batu Lancang since 2018.

Ong was a member of Penang Island City Council before being nominated to contest in the 2018 Penang state election.[1] He is currently the Chairman of DAP Solok Batu Lancang branch and Communication Secretary for DAP Jelutong division.[2]

Ong tested positive for COVID-19 the second time during the 2023 Penang state election campaign.[5]