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+ The Evolution, Characterization, and Role of Human Endogenous Retroviruses in Health and Diseases +

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About this Research Topic

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+ Abstract Submission Deadline 13 August 2023 +
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+ Manuscript Submission Deadline 11 December 2023 +
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+Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs), stemming from exogenous retrovirus infection during the evolution of humans and subsequent integration into the host genome, account for approximately 8% of the human genome. HERVs have been co-evolving with the host. Currently, the vast majority of HERVs lack infectious capacity due to the accumulation of insertions, deletions, and mutations as well as the recombination deletion of internal coding regions. HERVs have attracted increasing attention over the years, especially since the Human Genome Project. Many pieces of research have been performed to explore their characterization, evolution, and biological function. As a type of transposable element (TE), HERVs can provide favorable conditions to regulate the expression of their adjacent genes. Emerging evidence suggests that HERVs which are distributed throughout the human genome, have been a rich source of regulatory elements in the human genome, and played crucial roles in human placental morphogenesis, immune response, senescence, cancer progression, and neurodegenerative diseases. For example, HML-2 is the most biologically active subgroup of the HERV-K family, and the expression of its members has been associated with many cancer types. A greater understanding of the characteristics and roles of HERVs will provide new insights into their potential utility as diagnostic tools and therapeutic targets for a variety of diseases.

Increasing evidence indicates the potential crucial roles of HERVs in human physiological and pathological activities. However, our understanding of the mechanism by which these HERV elements function in related pathways of health and disease associations is still far from adequate. The current Research Topic focuses on the evolution, characterization, and functional mechanisms of HERVs, with the aim of exploring the related pathways involving HERVs in health and diseases.

In this Research Topic, we encourage authors to contribute high-quality Original Research, Review, Mini-Review, Methods, and Perspective articles that include but are not limited to the following topics:
1. HERVs evolutionary biology, including the discovery, origination, and evolution of HERV.
2. HERVs reaction and resurrection.
3. HERVs regulation, epigenetic control, and host-ERV interaction.
4. Immune defense, virology, animal models, fundamental mechanisms of HERVs in health and diseases, and clinical science.
5. Other research related to retroviruses.
Novel Case Report articles related to HERVs are also welcome in the Research Topic.

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+ Keywords: +endogenous retrovirus, transposable elements, gene expression and regulation, genetic basis of disease, therapeutic targets + +

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+ Important Note: + All contributions to this Research Topic must be within the scope of the section and journal to which they are submitted, as defined in their mission statements. Frontiers reserves the right to guide an out-of-scope manuscript to a more suitable section or journal at any stage of peer review. +

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+ Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs), stemming from exogenous retrovirus infection during the evolution of humans and subsequent integration into the host genome, account for approximately 8% of the human genome. HERVs have been co-evolving with the host. Currently, the vast majority of HERVs lack infectious capacity due to the accumulation of insertions, deletions, and mutations as well as the recombination deletion of internal coding regions. HERVs have attracted increasing attention over the years, especially since the Human Genome Project. Many pieces of research have been performed to explore their characterization, evolution, and biological function. As a type of transposable element (TE), HERVs can provide favorable conditions to regulate the expression of their adjacent genes. Emerging evidence suggests that HERVs which are distributed throughout the human genome, have been a rich source of regulatory elements in the human genome, and played crucial roles in human placental morphogenesis, immune response, senescence, cancer progression, and neurodegenerative diseases. For example, HML-2 is the most biologically active subgroup of the HERV-K family, and the expression of its members has been associated with many cancer types. A greater understanding of the characteristics and roles of HERVs will provide new insights into their potential utility as diagnostic tools and therapeutic targets for a variety of diseases.

Increasing evidence indicates the potential crucial roles of HERVs in human physiological and pathological activities. However, our understanding of the mechanism by which these HERV elements function in related pathways of health and disease associations is still far from adequate. The current Research Topic focuses on the evolution, characterization, and functional mechanisms of HERVs, with the aim of exploring the related pathways involving HERVs in health and diseases.

In this Research Topic, we encourage authors to contribute high-quality Original Research, Review, Mini-Review, Methods, and Perspective articles that include but are not limited to the following topics:
1. HERVs evolutionary biology, including the discovery, origination, and evolution of HERV.
2. HERVs reaction and resurrection.
3. HERVs regulation, epigenetic control, and host-ERV interaction.
4. Immune defense, virology, animal models, fundamental mechanisms of HERVs in health and diseases, and clinical science.
5. Other research related to retroviruses.
Novel Case Report articles related to HERVs are also welcome in the Research Topic. +
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+ Keywords: +endogenous retrovirus, transposable elements, gene expression and regulation, genetic basis of disease, therapeutic targets

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+ Important Note: + All contributions to this Research Topic must be within the scope of the section and journal to which they are submitted, as defined in their mission statements. Frontiers reserves the right to guide an out-of-scope manuscript to a more suitable section or journal at any stage of peer review. +

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Topic Editors

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+ Lei Jia +

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+ Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology +

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+ Beijing, China +

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+ Lin Li +

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+ State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology +

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+ Beijing, China +

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+ Richard Y. Zhao +

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+ School of Medicine, University of Maryland +

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+ Baltimore, United States +

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+ MIngyue Chen +

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+ Hubei University of Technology +

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+ Wuhan, China +

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