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+ "page_name": "All of Taylor Swift's Album Eras and Their Distinctive Styles \u2014 ...",
+ "page_url": "https://www.lofficielusa.com/pop-culture/every-taylor-swift-album-era-style",
+ "page_snippet": "From Taylor Swift to 1989 (Taylor's Version), L'OFFICIEL takes a look at every Taylor Swift album era to date.From Taylor Swift to 1989 (Taylor's Version), L'OFFICIEL takes a look at Taylor Swift's album aesthetics. ... From iconic red lips to cat eyes sharp enough to kill a man, Taylor Swift's makeup looks have gone through as many eras as her music.",
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+ "page_name": "Taylor Swift (album) - Wikipedia",
+ "page_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taylor_Swift_(album)",
+ "page_snippet": "Taylor Swift is the eponymous debut studio album by the American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift. Under Big Machine Records, it was released in North America on October 24, 2006, and elsewhere on March 18, 2008. Swift had signed with Sony/ATV Tree publishing house in 2004, at age 14, to pursue ...Taylor Swift is the eponymous debut studio album by the American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift. Under Big Machine Records, it was released in North America on October 24, 2006, and elsewhere on March 18, 2008. Swift had signed with Sony/ATV Tree publishing house in 2004, at age 14, to pursue a career as a country musician. Drawing on her personal life, the songs reflect Swift's outlook on life as a teenager, dealing with romantic relationships, friendships, and insecurity. Produced by Orrall and Nathan Chapman, Taylor Swift is a country record with pop and pop rock elements, incorporating acoustic instruments such as guitars, banjos, and fiddles. Five singles supported Taylor Swift, including the Hot Country Songs number-ones \"Our Song\" and \"Should've Said No\", and Swift's first top-15 entry on the Billboard Hot 100, \"Teardrops on My Guitar\". Swift promoted the album through social network Myspace, which journalists found atypical for a country musician's marketing strategy. She embarked on a six-month radio tour in 2006 and opened tours for other country artists throughout 2006 and 2007. Critics praised the album's mainstream sensibility and Swift's songwriting at a young age for earnestly depicting adolescent sentiments. Taylor Swift was nominated for Album of the Year at the 2008 Academy of Country Music Awards. Certified seven times Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), it made Swift the first solo female country artist to write or co-write every song on a platinum debut album. Journalists attributed Taylor Swift's success to Swift's online marketing via Myspace, which ushered in a younger demographic in-country audiences who had mainly consisted of middle-aged listeners.",
+ "page_result": "\n\n\n\nTaylor Swift (album) - Wikipedia\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nJump to content\n
Taylor Swift is the eponymous debut studio album by the American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift. Under Big Machine Records, it was released in North America on October 24, 2006, and elsewhere on March 18, 2008. Swift had signed with Sony/ATV Tree publishing house in 2004, at age 14, to pursue a career as a country musician. Her contract with Big Machine Records in 2005 enabled her to work on the album during her second year of high school.\n
Swift is credited as a writer on all 11 of the album's tracks, three of which solely; Robert Ellis Orrall, Brian Maher, Angelo Petraglia, and Liz Rose have co-writing credits. Drawing on her personal life, the songs reflect Swift's outlook on life as a teenager, dealing with romantic relationships, friendships, and insecurity. Produced by Orrall and Nathan Chapman, Taylor Swift is a country record with pop and pop rock elements, incorporating acoustic instruments such as guitars, banjos, and fiddles.\n
Five singles supported Taylor Swift, including the Hot Country Songs number-ones \"Our Song\" and \"Should've Said No\", and Swift's first top-15 entry on the Billboard Hot 100, \"Teardrops on My Guitar\". Swift promoted the album through social network Myspace, which journalists found atypical for a country musician's marketing strategy. She embarked on a six-month radio tour in 2006 and opened tours for other country artists throughout 2006 and 2007. Critics praised the album's mainstream sensibility and Swift's songwriting at a young age for earnestly depicting adolescent sentiments. Taylor Swift was nominated for Album of the Year at the 2008 Academy of Country Music Awards.\n
The album spent 24 weeks at number one on Top Country Albums and peaked at number five on the Billboard 200, where it became the longest-charting album of the 2000s decade. Certified seven times Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), it made Swift the first solo female country artist to write or co-write every song on a platinum debut album. Journalists attributed Taylor Swift's success to Swift's online marketing via Myspace, which ushered in a younger demographic in-country audiences who had mainly consisted of middle-aged listeners. The album's crossover appeal shaped the country pop style of Swift's next two albums, and its autobiographical narratives about love and heartbreak inspired a subsequent generation of singer-songwriters.\n
\n\n
Background
\n
Swift developed an early interest in the performing arts.[1][2] After watching a documentary about country singer Faith Hill, Swift felt sure she needed to move to Nashville, Tennessee\u2014widely regarded as the home of country music[3][4]\u2014to pursue a career as a country singer.[5] At age eleven, Swift traveled to Nashville with her mother to pitch demo tapes of karaoke covers to record labels for a contract.[6][7] She was rejected because record labels believed country music's middle-aged demographic would not listen to music by a teenage girl, which Swift firmly disbelieved.[8][9]\n
Returning to her hometown in Pennsylvania, Swift realized she had to distinguish herself from other aspiring country singers.[8] To this end, at age 12, she started writing songs herself and learned to play the guitar with the help of a computer repairman who had fixed her family's computer on one occasion.[9] Swift's love for country music alienated her from her peers.[10] Her performance of \"The Star-Spangled Banner\" at the 2003 US Open caught the attention of music manager Dan Dymtrow, who helped 13-year-old Swift get an artist development deal with RCA Records in Nashville.[11] To assist Swift's artistic endeavors, her father transferred his job to Nashville, and her family relocated to Hendersonville, a city close to Nashville, in 2004.[12][13]\n
\n
Development and production
\n
Among Swift's inspirations were 1990s female country musicians\u2014Shania Twain, the Chicks, Faith Hill, and LeAnn Rimes.[14] She signed with the Sony/ATV Tree publishing house at age 14 to become a professional songwriter, the youngest signee in its history.[15] After the signing, Swift commuted from Hendersonville to Nashville every afternoon to practice with experienced Music Row songwriters.[16]Liz Rose became an important collaborator and formed a lasting working relationship with Swift in her future career.[17] Swift had productive sessions with Rose because she respected Swift's vision and did not want to put her in the \"Nashville cookie-cutter songwriting mold\".[18] Rose spoke highly of Swift's songwriting abilities: \"Basically, I was just her editor...She had such a clear vision of what she was trying to say. And she'd come in with the most incredible hooks.\"[19]\n
After one year on RCA's development deal, Swift was held off an official record deal; she felt the label was not confident in her self-written material.[20][21] Swift parted ways with RCA: \"I figured if they didn't believe in me then, they weren't ever going to believe in me.\"[11] She recalled in 2009 in The Daily Telegraph: \"I genuinely felt that I was running out of time. I wanted to capture these years of my life on an album while they still represented what I was going through.\"[22] At an industry showcase at Nashville's Bluebird Caf\u00e9 in 2005, Swift caught the attention of Scott Borchetta, a DreamWorks Records executive who was preparing to form an independent record label, Big Machine Records. She had first met Borchetta in 2004.[23] Swift became one of Big Machine's first signings, and her father purchased a three-percent stake in the company.[24]\n
Of the standard edition's eleven songs, Swift is the sole writer of three and a co-writer of eight. Rose shares the writing credit on seven. Robert Ellis Orrall and Angelo Petraglia co-wrote \"A Place in This World\", and Brian Maher co-wrote \"Mary's Song (Oh My My My)\".[25] After experimenting with different producers, Swift persuaded Big Machine to recruit Nathan Chapman, who had produced her demo album in a \"little shed\" behind the Sony/ATV offices.[7][26] Big Machine was skeptical about hiring Chapman because he had never produced a commercially released studio album, but ultimately agreed because Swift felt they had the \"right chemistry\".[7] Before approaching Chapman, Swift conceptualized how her songs should sound: \"I know exactly where I want the hook to be and ... what instruments I want to use.\"[27] Chapman was confident in Swift's abilities, saying that she \"knows what she wants to say with her music\".[27] He has sole production credits on all songs but one, \"The Outside\", on which he is credited as an additional producer, and Orrall as the main producer.[7] Recording took place for four months near the end of 2005.[7] When the recording and production wrapped, Swift had finished her first high school year.[28]\n
\n
Composition
\n
Lyrics
\n
Swift wrote Taylor Swift from her personal life experiences as a teenager. While she adhered to the confessional songwriting associated with country music, she did not write about stereotypical themes such as \"tractors and hay bales because that's not really the way I grew up\".[29] She instead wrote about her observations and reflections on matters from romantic relationships to friendships, striving to convey her teenage perspectives as honestly and personally as possible.[30] Because her inspirations came from immediate feelings and emotions, Swift wrote songs anytime and anywhere, from studio sessions to school breaks.[17] This practice resulted in straightforward lyrics, which The Daily Telegraph noted were \"brimming with an earnest naivet\u00e9\".[31]\n
The songs on Taylor Swift are from the perspectives of a girl in an American small town, within the bounds from high school hallways to rural backroads; Billboard noted that Swift's personal thoughts within a small confinement fostered a contemplative nature.[32] Most songs on the album are about romantic relationships, some of which were based on Swift's observations rather than real experiences.[7][16] The lead single and first track, \"Tim McGraw\", was inspired by Swift's relationship with a senior boyfriend during her first year of high school. The song is about Swift's hope that the boyfriend, after ending the relationship and leaving for college, would reminisce about her every time he hears their mutual favorite Tim McGraw song;[33] according to Swift, \"Tim McGraw\" was inspired by McGraw's 2004 song \"Can't Tell Me Nothin'\".[34] Swift wrote \"Our Song\" for her high school talent show.[35] She talked about the inspiration: \"I wrote it about this guy I was dating, and how we didn't have a song. So I went ahead and wrote us one.\"[36]\n
The songs \"Picture to Burn\" and \"Should've Said No\" depict a vengeful attitude toward those who do not reciprocate the protagonist's feelings;[39] on \"Picture to Burn\", Swift sings about burning photographic evidence of an ex-boyfriend's existence.[40] The original version included the lyrics, \"Go and tell your friends that I'm obsessive and crazy / That's fine; I'll tell mine you're gay.\"[38] On the radio edit and subsequent versions, Swift modified the lyric to \"That's fine; You won't mind if I say.\"[41] Heartbreak is another aspect Swift explored\u2014\"Teardrops on My Guitar\" was about her experience with a classmate whom she had feelings for, but this classmate was in love with someone else.[40] On \"Cold as You\", Swift laments a fruitless relationship: \"I've never been anywhere cold as you.\" She said it was her favorite song lyrically on the album: \"I love a line in a song where afterward you're just like... burn.\"[38]\n
In other songs, Swift sings about insecurity and self-consciousness. \"The Outside\", which Swift wrote at age 12, describes the loneliness she felt when her love of country music alienated her from her peers.[42] In a similar sentiment, \"A Place in This World\" expresses Swift's uncertainty about where she truly belongs.[32] Swift wrote \"Tied Together with a Smile\" the day she learned one of her best friends had an eating disorder.[43] The lyrics describe a girl hiding her inner turbulence; Swift commented, \"I always thought that one of the biggest overlooked problems American girls face is insecurity.\"[43]\n
Elements of crossover pop are apparent on many songs.[47] In retrospective articles, critics disagreed on to what extent the Taylor Swift songs are fully country. Jon Caramanica from The New York Times called it a \"pop-minded country\" album,[48] while Rolling Stone critic Chuck Eddy observed that Taylor Swift blended \"pop-rock and Dixie Chicks-style twang\".[49] Another album review on Rolling Stone, meanwhile, felt the songs were inflected with rock.[50] Grady Smith from the same magazine listed the singles \"Tim McGraw\", \"Teardrops on My Guitar\", \"Our Song\", and \"Picture to Burn\" among Swift's \"countriest songs\", which evoke \"classic country\" in terms of instrumentation, themes, and song structure.[51] J. Freedom du Lac from The Washington Post noted that the \"rhythmic, rap-influenced phrasing\" on \"Our Song\" was atypical to country music.[52]\n
James E. Perone, an academic in music, cited \"Tim McGraw\" as an example of Swift's crossover appeal. \"Tim McGraw\" follows the I-vi-IV-Vchord progression, which is typically found in late-1950s and early-1960s rock and roll. The refrain consists of repeated motifs built within a small pitch range, which gives the song a catchy tune. Additionally, the refrain\u2014and to a lesser degree, the verses\u2014makes heavy use of syncopation at the sixteenth-note level, which brings about a production reminiscent to non-country genres such as alternative rock and hip hop. Perone argued that these melodic qualities laid the groundwork to Swift's pop radio-friendly discography enjoyed by both pop and country audiences.[44]\n
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Release and promotion
\nSwift opening for Brad Paisley in 2007. To promote her first album, Swift opened tours for other country musicians in 2007\u20132008.[53]\n
Taylor Swift was released on October 24, 2006, through Big Machine Records.[54] Swift was involved in the album packaging, designing doodle graphics herself.[25] She included hidden messages with hints at the subjects of her songs in the lyrics printed in the liner notes, inspired by the Beatles' hiding secret messages in their records.[55] She executed the same technique on her subsequent albums.[31][56] Swift said the messages could be interpreted by tracking the capital letters in the order they appear in the lyrics printed in the liner notes.[7] In addition to the eleven-track standard edition, a 15-track deluxe edition contains three new original songs\u2014\"I'm Only Me When I'm with You\", \"Invisible\", and \"A Perfectly Good Heart\", and an alternate version of \"Teardrops on My Guitar\".[57] An \"enhanced version\", which includes the music videos for \"Teardrops on My Guitar\" and \"Tim McGraw\", was released on March 18, 2008.[58]\n
In addition to traditional radio promotion, Swift extensively used her Myspace profile to communicate with her audiences, sharing her daily blogs and song information. Her online marketing strategy boosted the album's popularity among teenagers and young adults.[21] Swift and Big Machine decided to release \"Our Song\" as a single because of the positive feedback it received on Myspace.[21] Throughout 2007 and 2008, four more singles supported Taylor Swift: \"Teardrops on My Guitar\", \"Our Song\", \"Picture to Burn\", and \"Should've Said No\", all of which peaked within the top forty of the Hot 100 and the top ten of the Hot Country Songs chart.[71] \"Teardrops on My Guitar\" peaked at number two on the Hot Country Songs chart and had a crossover release to pop radio; it peaked at number seven on the Mainstream Top 40 (Pop Songs) chart, and number 13 on the Hot 100.[72][73] \"Our Song\" and \"Should've Said No\" reached number one on the Hot Country Songs chart.[71] With \"Our Song\", Swift became the youngest person to single-handedly write and sing a Hot Country Songs number one.[74] All singles were certified platinum or more by the RIAA, with \"Teardrops on My Guitar\" (3\u00d7 Platinum) and \"Our Song\" (4\u00d7 Platinum) selling over three million copies each.[62][75]\n
Taylor Swift received generally positive reviews from critics.[86] Though some deemed the lyrical themes unsophisticated and lacking depth, most critics praised Swift's songwriting for using familiar techniques in ways that sounded original and novel.[87] On Metacritic, which assigns an aggregated score out of 100 to reviews from publications, the album earned a score of 67, based on five reviews.[80]\n
In a review for Country Weekly, Chris Neal deemed Swift a success compared to previous aspiring teenage country singers because of her \"honesty, intelligence and idealism\".[83] Reviewers were impressed by Swift's maturity while retaining a sense of youthful innocence in her lyrics, including Ken Rosenbaum of The Toledo Blade,[88] Nick Cristiano of The Philadelphia Inquirer,[84]Jeff Tamarkin of AllMusic,[81] and Rolling Stone.[50] In a review for The Palm Beach Post, James Fontaine felt Swift's honest depiction of her teenage experience made the album compelling, and lauded the \"musical maturity\" for effectively communicating the sentiments.[45]The Morning Call's Keith Groller said that the album was not groundbreaking but could appeal to a wide-ranging audience with its adolescent earnestness.[89]\n
Critics commented on the album's pop sensibility\u2014Neal and Rolling Stone found it appealing to a mainstream audience.[50][83] Tamarkin commented that Swift's \"considerably strong voice\" straddled the precarious boundary between country and pop, and criticized producer Chapman for applying \"a gloss that not all [songs] really require\".[81] In the Chicago Tribune, Chrissie Dickinson described Taylor Swift as \"a slick package, pleasant enough but devoid of anything resembling gritty traction\".[46] In a mixed review for PopMatters, Roger Holland complimented the production quality of certain tracks, but deemed the album overall a misstep for Swift's true appeal: \"It's to be hoped that when she finds both her place and her full grown voice, she's able to find an accommodation between the country tradition and her very obvious pop sensibilities.\"[85]Robert Christgau rated the album a \"cut\" score (), and selected \"Tim McGraw\" and \"Picture to Burn\" as highlights.[82][note 2]\n
Retrospective reviews have remained favorable toward Swift's early songwriting. Maura Johnston from Pitchfork described the album as an honest record about teenage perspectives, which set Swift apart from the manufactured albums that \"weighed down former teen sensations\".[37] Jonathan Bradley from Billboard lauded how Swift captured immediate emotions and feelings with \"details... so sharp at so small a scale\".[32] In July 2022, Rolling Stone ranked Taylor Swift at number 32 on its list of the \"100 Best Debut Albums of All Time\".[93]\n
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Commercial performance
\n
Taylor Swift was a sleeper success in the United States.[16][94] It debuted at number 19 on the Billboard 200 chart dated November 11, 2006, with first-week sales of 40,000 copies.[95] Because albums often drop in sales after their initial release, Swift did not expect her album to remain long on the chart: \"I would be incredibly lucky to see this album certified Gold.\"[16] Contrary to her expectations, Taylor Swift kept selling at a fairly consistent pace.[16] By November 2007, the album had sold over a million copies.[96] It reached its highest sales week on the Billboard 200 chart dated January 5, 2008, when it sold 187,000 copies and charted at number eight.[97]\n
The album reached its peak at number five on the chart dated January 19, 2008, in its 63rd week of charting.[98] Spending 157 weeks on the Billboard 200 by October 2009, Taylor Swift marked the longest stay on the chart by any album released in the 2000s decade.[99] It has spent a total of 280 weeks on the chart as of August 2023.[100] On Top Country Albums, Taylor Swift peaked at number one for 24 non-consecutive weeks.[101] By January 2024, the album had sold 5.871 million pure copies in the United States.[102] It had been certified seven times Platinum by the RIAA for earning over seven million album-equivalent units in the nation.[103]\n
Ms. Swift ... has quickly established herself as the most remarkable country music breakthrough artist of the decade. In part that's because ... [her] career has been noteworthy for what happens once the songs are finished. She has aggressively used online social networks to stay connected with her young audience in a way that ... is proving to be revolutionary in country music, ... helping country reach a new audience.\n
Taylor Swift was released in a time when female country artists were gaining momentum in popularity.[37][50] Nashville industry experts nonetheless disapproved of Swift's debut as a teenager[12][18] because they considered the album's adolescent themes inappropriate for country music's middle-aged key demographic.[71][115]Jim Malec of American Songwriter observed that contrary to industry expectations,Taylor Swift's success on country radio, particularly with the track \"Our Song\", established Swift as one of the few teenage female artists to be equally successful with male counterparts in a format dominated by men.[71]\n
Though critics questioned the album's country-music categorization,[116]Rolling Stone remarked that following the Dixie Chicks' 2003 controversy, which left \"a huge space opened up in the heart of the country audience\", Swift \"has completely filled it ... with a sound that's not just rock-informed but teen-poppy too\".[50]Jon Caramanica of The New York Times observed that, although the country-pop crossover sound was facilitated by previous successful singers, Swift was the first country artist to embrace the status of a pop star.[72]Taylor Swift made her the first female solo artist in country music to write or co-write every song on a platinum-certified debut album.[74][117] Its production laid the groundwork to Swift's subsequent country-pop discography, whose chart success straddled the perceived boundary between the two genres.[116][118][119]\n
Music journalists attributed the album's success to Swift's songwriting and online marketing strategy.[12] While online promotion was familiar to pop and hip hop artists, she was the first country artist to promote her songs on social media services like Myspace;[71][72] she also relied on social media to promote her subsequent releases, which brought her a loyal fan base.[115][120] Her social media presence ushered in a younger audience consisted of mostly teenage girls who listened to country music\u2014a previously unheard demographic.[12] The autobiographical narratives on Taylor Swift defined Swift's songwriting over the next decade,[31][32] which Billboard noted to inspire a new generation of aspiring singer-songwriters.[115]Consequence stated Taylor Swift was the blueprint for songs focused on unrequited love and suffering, paving the way for \"future teenie boppers\" such as Conan Gray's \"Heather\" (2020) and Olivia Rodrigo's \"Drivers License\" (2021).[121]Rolling Stone opined, \"if Taylor Swift retired right after dropping her debut album, she'd still be remembered as a legend today [...] Taylor debuted with complete mastery of a genre she was also completely transforming.\"[93] According to Entertainment Weekly, the commercial success of her debut helped the infant Big Machine go on to sign Garth Brooks and Jewel.[122]\n
\n
Track listing
\n
All tracks are produced by Nathan Chapman except where noted.\n
Upon its release, a special enhanced CD version of the album was released, featuring the \"Tim McGraw\" music video and performance at the Grand Ole Opry.[127]
\n
In addition to the bonus tracks, the deluxe edition also contains the single versions of \"Teardrops on My Guitar\" and \"Our Song\", replacing the original versions. It was released with the bonus DVD disc, featuring more than an hour of video content. A special deluxe edition, released at Target, contains an extended DVD content.[124]
\n
The 2008 edition replaced the original editions after being released, and was the first and only edition to be released in many countries. In addition to the new versions of \"Teardrops on My Guitar\" and \"Our Song\", which had initially replaced their original counterparts on the deluxe edition, the 2008 edition also replaces \"Picture to Burn\" with the radio edit.[128] In the United States, the new edition contains enhanced content, featuring the music videos of \"Tim McGraw\" and \"Teardrops on My Guitar\".[129]
\n
Personnel
\n
Credits adapted from the album's liner notes[25]\n
* Sales figures based on certification alone. ^ Shipments figures based on certification alone. \u2021 Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.\n
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+ "page_name": "Taylor Swift | Biography, Albums, Songs, Grammys, & Facts | Britannica",
+ "page_url": "https://www.britannica.com/biography/Taylor-Swift",
+ "page_snippet": "Taylor Swift is a multitalented singer-songwriter and global superstar who has captivated audiences with her heartfelt lyrics and catchy melodies, solidifying herself as one of the most influential artists in contemporary music.Taylor Swift has been one of the most influential artists in contemporary music since she was named the best new artist by the Country Music Association in 2007. In 2023 she was named Spotify\u2019s most-played artist, and in 2024 she became the only person ever to win the Grammy Award for album of the year four times. Taylor Swift was born in West Reading, Pennsylvania. Taylor Swift was born in West Reading, Pennsylvania. When she was 13, her parents sold their family farm in Pennsylvania and moved to Hendersonville, Tennessee, so she could pursue a career in country music in nearby Nashville. In 2004, at age 14, Taylor Swift signed a music publishing deal with Sony/ATV, thereby becoming the youngest signing in the company\u2019s history. In 2004, at age 14, Taylor Swift signed a music publishing deal with Sony/ATV, thereby becoming the youngest signing in the company\u2019s history. In 2006 Swift signed with Big Machine Records and scored her first Top 40 hit with \u201cTim McGraw.\u201d She then released four more singles and a self-titled album that quickly sold more than one million copies. In 2006 Swift signed with Big Machine Records and scored her first Top 40 hit with \u201cTim McGraw.\u201d She then released four more singles and a self-titled album that quickly sold more than one million copies. In 2007 she was named best new artist by the Country Music Association. Taylor Swift (born December 13, 1989, West Reading, Pennsylvania, U.S.) is a multitalented singer-songwriter and global superstar who has captivated audiences with her heartfelt lyrics and catchy melodies, solidifying herself as one of the most influential artists in contemporary music.",
+ "page_result": "\n\n\n\n\n\n \n \n \n\n \n\n\t\n\t\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\t\t\n\n \n Taylor Swift | Biography, Albums, Songs, Grammys, & Facts | Britannica\n\t\t\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\n\t\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\t\n\n \n\n \n\n\t\t \n\t\t\n\n\n\n \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n\t\t\tWhile every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies.\n\t\t\tPlease refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions.\n\t\t
\n\t\t\tWhile every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies.\n\t\t\tPlease refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions.\n\t\t
What are some of Taylor Swift\u2019s accomplishments?
Taylor Swift has been one of the most influential artists in contemporary music since she was named the best new artist by the Country Music Association in 2007. In 2023 she was named Spotify\u2019s most-played artist, and in 2024 she became the only person ever to win the Grammy Award for album of the year four times.
Where is Taylor Swift from?
Taylor Swift was born in West Reading, Pennsylvania. When she was 13, her parents sold their family farm in Pennsylvania and moved to Hendersonville, Tennessee, so she could pursue a career in country music in nearby Nashville.
How did Taylor Swift become famous?
In 2004, at age 14, Taylor Swift signed a music publishing deal with Sony/ATV, thereby becoming the youngest signing in the company\u2019s history. In 2006 Swift signed with Big Machine Records and scored her first Top 40 hit with \u201cTim McGraw.\u201d She then released four more singles and a self-titled album that quickly sold more than one million copies. In 2007 she was named best new artist by the Country Music Association.
Taylor Swift (born December 13, 1989, West Reading, Pennsylvania, U.S.) is a multitalented singer-songwriter and global superstar who has captivated audiences with her heartfelt lyrics and catchy melodies, solidifying herself as one of the most influential artists in contemporary music. In 2024 she made history when she won the Grammy Award for album of the year for Midnights (2022), becoming the first artist to win in that category four times.
Early life
Swift showed an interest in music at an early age, and she progressed quickly from roles in children\u2019s theater to her first appearance before a crowd of thousands. She was age 11 when she sang \u201cThe Star-Spangled Banner\u201d before a Philadelphia 76ersbasketball game, and the following year she picked up the guitar and began to write songs. Taking her inspiration from country music artists such as Shania Twain and the Dixie Chicks (now the Chicks), Swift crafted original material that reflected her experiences of tween alienation. When she was 13, Swift\u2019s parents sold their farm in Pennsylvania to move to Hendersonville, Tennessee, so she could devote more of her time to courting country labels in nearby Nashville.
A development deal with RCA Records allowed Swift to make the acquaintance of recording-industry veterans, and in 2004, at age 14, she signed with Sony/ATV as a songwriter. At venues in the Nashville area, she performed many of the songs she had written, and it was at one such performance that she was noticed by record executive Scott Borchetta. Borchetta signed Swift to his fledgling Big Machine label, and her first single, \u201cTim McGraw\u201d (inspired by and prominently referencing a song by Swift\u2019s favorite country artist), was released in the summer of 2006.
Taylor Swift, 2009, posing for promotional content. That year Kanye West would interrupt her acceptance speech at the MTV Video Music Awards.
The song was an immediate success, spending eight months on the Billboard country singles chart. Now age 16, Swift followed with a self-titled debut album, and she went on tour, opening for Rascal Flatts. Taylor Swift was certified platinum in 2007, having sold more than one million copies in the United States, and Swift continued a rigorous touring schedule, opening for artists such as George Strait, Kenny Chesney, Tim McGraw, and Faith Hill. That November Swift received the Horizon Award for best new artist from the Country Music Association (CMA), capping the year in which she emerged as country music\u2019s most-visible young star.
On Swift\u2019s second album, Fearless (2008), she demonstrated a refined pop sensibility, managing to court the mainstream pop audience without losing sight of her country roots. With sales of more than half a million copies in its first week, Fearless opened at number one on the Billboard 200 chart. It ultimately spent more time atop that chart than any other album released that decade. Singles such as \u201cYou Belong with Me\u201d and \u201cLove Story\u201d were popular in the digital market as well, the latter accounting for more than four million paid downloads.
Taylor Swift attending Time's \u201c100 Most Influential People in the World\u201d gala, May 4, 2010.
In 2009 Swift embarked on her first tour as a headliner, playing to sold-out venues across North America. That year also saw Swift dominate the industry award circuit. Fearless was recognized as album of the year by the Academy of Country Music in April, and she topped the best female video category for \u201cYou Belong with Me\u201d at the MTVVideo Music Awards (VMAs) in September. During her VMA acceptance speech, Swift was interrupted by rapper Kanye West, who protested that the award should have gone to Beyonc\u00e9 for what he called \u201cone of the best videos of all time.\u201d Later in the program, when Beyonc\u00e9 was accepting the award for video of the year, she invited Swift onstage to conclude her speech, a move that drew a standing ovation for both performers. At the CMA Awards that November, Swift won all four categories in which she was nominated. Her recognition as CMA entertainer of the year made her the youngest-ever winner of that award, as well as the first female solo artist to win since 1999. She began 2010 with an impressive showing at the Grammy Awards, where she collected four honors, including best country song, best country album, and the top prize of album of the year.
Later that year Swift made her feature-film debut in the romantic comedy Valentine\u2019s Day and was named the new spokesperson for CoverGirl cosmetics. Although Swift avoided discussing her personal life in interviews, she was surprisingly frank in her music. Her third album, Speak Now (2010), was littered with allusions to romantic relationships with John Mayer, Joe Jonas of the Jonas Brothers, and Twilight series actor Taylor Lautner. Swift reclaimed the CMA entertainer of the year award in 2011, and the following year she won Grammys for best country solo performance and best country song for \u201cMean,\u201d a single from Speak Now.
Taylor Swift posing at the Guess Portrait Studio during the Toronto International Film Festival, September 9, 2013. She provided her vocals for the British film One Chance.
Swift continued her acting career with a voice role in the animated Dr. Seuss\u2019 The Lorax (2012) before releasing her next collection of songs, Red (2012). While she remained focused on the vagaries of young love, her songwriting reflected a deepened perspective on the subject, and much of the album embraced a bold pop-rock sound. In its first week on sale in the United States, Red sold 1.2 million copies\u2014the highest one-week total in 10 years. In addition, its lead single, the gleeful \u201cWe Are Never Ever Getting Back Together,\u201d gave Swift her first number-one hit on the Billboard pop singles chart.
In 2014 Swift released 1989, an album titled after the year of her birth and reportedly inspired by the music of that era. Although Swift had already been steadily moving away from the traditional country signifiers that marked her early work\u2014\u201cI Knew You Were Trouble,\u201d the second single from Red, even flirted with electronic dance music\u2014she called 1989 her first \u201cofficial pop album.\u201d On the strength of the upbeat \u201cShake It Off,\u201d the album proved to be another blockbuster for Swift, its first-week sales surpassing those of Red. It went on to sell more than five million copies in the United States and earned Swift her second Grammy for album of the year. In 2014 Swift also appeared in a supporting role in The Giver, a filmadaptation of Lois Lowry\u2019s dystopian novel for young readers.
Taylor Swift arriving at the Grammy Awards in Los Angeles, where she was nominated for record of the year, song of the year, and best pop solo performance, February 8, 2015.
In 2016 Swift\u2019s feud with Kanye West resumed after he released the single \u201cFamous.\u201d The song included a lyric in which Swift was referred to as a \u201cbitch,\u201d and she alleged that it was misogynistic. The public spat escalated after West\u2019s wife, Kim Kardashian, released a recording of a phone call in which Swift gave her approval for the line, though West made no mention of calling her a bitch. Swift\u2019s controversies continued as she took part in a widely publicized civil trial in August 2017, after former radio host David Mueller sued the singer, her mother, and a promoter, claiming that Swift had falsely accused him of sexually groping her in 2013 during the taking of a photograph and thus destroyed his career. She countersued, maintaining that the assault had taken place. At the trial, Swift was removed from Mueller\u2019s suit and the other two defendants were found not liable as the jury found in favor of Swift\u2019s countersuit. Shortly thereafter Swift released the hit song \u201cLook What You Made Me Do,\u201d and her album Reputation became the top-selling American LP of 2017.
In 2018 Swift left Big Machine and signed with Republic Records and Universal Music Group. The following year her former label, which owned the master recordings of her six albums, was sold to Scooter Braun, a talent manager whose clients had included Kanye West. Swift publicly spoke out against the deal, claiming that Borchetta had rejected her attempts to acquire the master tapes and that Braun had bullied her over the years. She subsequently tried to negotiate a deal with Braun, but he sold her back catalog to a private investment firm in 2020. Against this backdrop, Swift began rerecording her early material in an effort to gain control of it\u2014the hope being that her remade songs and not the originals would be sought out for licensing deals\u2014and in 2021 Fearless (Taylor\u2019s Version) and Red (Taylor\u2019s Version) appeared. They were remakes of earlier albums with several previously unreleased tracks. In July 2023 Swift released Speak Now (Taylor\u2019s Version), followed by 1989 (Taylor\u2019s Version) in October that same year.
Taylor Swift performing at iHeartRadio's Z100 Jingle Ball at Madison Square Garden, New York City, December 13, 2019.
In 2019 Swift released her seventh album, Lover, which she described as \u201ca love letter to love itself.\u201d That year she also appeared in the musical Cats, a film adaptation of Andrew Lloyd Webber\u2019s hugely successful stage production. Miss Americana (2020) is a documentary about her life and career. With little advance notice, she released Folklore in 2020. A departure from her previous pop-inspired work, Swift\u2019s eighth studio album drew praise for its introspection and restraint, and it won the Grammy for album of the year. The \u201csister record,\u201d Evermore, appeared later in 2020. Swift adopted a synth-pop sound for the candidMidnights (2022), which she described as \u201cthe story of 13 sleepless nights scattered throughout my life.\u201d The album received six Grammy nominations, scoring wins for album of the year and best pop vocal album.
March 2023 marked the start of Swift\u2019s first concert tour since 2018, her sixth tour overall. When sales for tickets opened on Ticketmaster in November 2022, many fans were disappointed by technical issues and waits that lasted up to multiple days. After two rounds of presales, general sales were canceled due to unprecedented demand. Swift expressed disappointment about the situation but did not mention Ticketmaster in her response.
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In December 2023, Swift was honored as Time magazine\u2019s \u201cPerson of the Year.\u201d Finalists also included Barbie, Vladimir Putin, and Sam Altman. The honor came shortly after the music streaming platform Spotify deemed her its most-played artist. According to a Bloomberg analysis, Swift is now a billionaire, with a net worth of around $1.1 billion. On a Forbes list of the most powerful women of 2023, Swift placed fifth. She has been dating American football player Travis Kelce since October 2023. In February 2024, while accepting one of her awards during the Grammy Awards telecast, Swift announced that she would be releasing her next studio album, The Tortured Poets Department, in April.
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+ "page_url": "https://www.npr.org/2018/09/26/646422866/taylor-swift-is-the-21st-centurys-most-disorienting-pop-star",
+ "page_snippet": "Many people have surmised the mega-star learned her knack for extensive personalization from her country roots. But there's another genre that is perhaps equally responsible for her sound: hip-hop.Taylor Swift Is The 21st Century's Most Disorienting Pop Star Many people have surmised the mega-star learned her knack for extensive personalization from her country roots. But there's another genre that is perhaps equally responsible for her sound: hip-hop. Taylor Swift performs during the Grammy Awards in 2016. Photo Illustration: Robyn Beck/AFP/Getty Images and Angela Hsieh/NPR hide caption toggle caption Photo Illustration: Robyn Beck/AFP/Getty Images and Angela Hsieh/NPR \u00b7 Taylor Swift performs during the Grammy Awards in 2016. There comes a moment in a lot of Taylor Swift songs where it becomes hard to sing along. It's sometimes a concept, sometimes a perspective, sometimes a phrase, sometimes just a word \u2014 but in that moment, you realize that this song isn't about you. This song is about Taylor Swift. And that is part of Swift's genius (and part of her Achilles heel). In ways both subtle and obtuse, she makes sure that all of her songs belong to her. There's a reason there aren't many Taylor Swift covers \u2014 as Swift told NPR in 2014, through her lyrics, \"People have essentially gotten to read my diary for the last 10 years.\"",
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\n Taylor Swift Is The 21st Century's Most Disorienting Pop StarMany people have surmised the mega-star learned her knack for extensive personalization from her country roots. But there's another genre that is perhaps equally responsible for her sound: hip-hop.\n
\n Taylor Swift performs during the Grammy Awards in 2016.\n \n \n Photo Illustration: Robyn Beck/AFP/Getty Images and Angela Hsieh/NPR\n \n \n hide caption\n
It's not enough to make list after list. The Turning the Tables project seeks to suggest alternatives to the traditional popular music canon, and to do more than that, too: to stimulate conversation about how hierarchies emerge and endure. This year, Turning the Tables considers how women and non-binary artists are shaping music in our moment, from the pop mainstream to the sinecures of jazz and contemporary classical music. Our list of the 200 Greatest Songs By Women+ offers a soundtrack to a new century. This series of essays takes on another task.
The 25 arguments writers make in these pieces challenge the usual definitions of influence. Some rethink the building legacies of popular artists; others celebrate those who create within subcultures, their innovations rippling outward over time. As always, women forge new pathways in sound; today, they also make waves under the surface of culture by confronting, in their music, the increased fluidity of \"woman\" itself. What is a woman? It's a timeless question on the surface, but one deeply engaged with whatever historical moment in which it is asked. Our 25 Most Influential Women Musicians of the 21st Century illuminate its complexities. \u2014Ann Powers
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There comes a moment in a lot of Taylor Swift songs where it becomes hard to sing along. It's sometimes a concept, sometimes a perspective, sometimes a phrase, sometimes just a word \u2014 but in that moment, you realize that this song isn't about you. This song is about Taylor Swift.
In 2017's \"...Ready for It?\", it's the little, self-referential wink, \"He can be my jailer, Burton to this Taylor / Every lover known in comparison is a failure.\"
In \"Blank Space,\" released in 2014, it's the entire premise of the song \u2014 a joke about a woman who runs through men too quickly, and then dramatically turns on them when they aren't exactly who she wants them to be.
In \"22,\" it's the cheeky, spoken-word \"Who's Taylor Swift anyway?\" that follows the line, \"This place is too crowded, too many cool kids.\"
In \"We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together,\" from 2012, it's the line, \"And you would hide away and find your peace of mind/With some indie record that's much cooler than mine.\" In this moment, mid-karaoke, mid-memory of your stupid ex who shouldn't be texting you, the thought might occur to you, Oh. I don't have a record, indie or otherwise. This song is not about my breakup. This song refers to a story I wasn't there for; a person I will never be.
And that is part of Swift's genius (and part of her Achilles heel). In ways both subtle and obtuse, she makes sure that all of her songs belong to her. There's a reason there aren't many Taylor Swift covers \u2014 as Swift told NPR in 2014, through her lyrics, \"People have essentially gotten to read my diary for the last 10 years.\" It's pretty hard to cover someone else's diary.
This is an unusual quality in pop music. So many radio hits blow up precisely because they could be about anyone. Rather than relying on a particular perspective, they tap into something universal. So many songs were written for one artist and performed by someone totally different (Miley Cyrus' \"We Can't Stop\" was originally offered to Rihanna; Britney Spears' \"...Baby One More Time\" to TLC.) Certainly those songs carry different weight when sung by different people. But the themes transcend any specific artist.
Many people have surmised that Swift learned this technique \u2014 this extensive personalization \u2014 from her country roots. She's talked at length about her love of James Taylor, and her songwriting has been compared to that of artists like Dolly Parton and Mary Chapin Carpenter. Swift's first few albums, written in Nashville and steeped in the sounds of acoustic guitar, were country through and through. In 2014, when Swift released her first full pop album, 1989, performers at the Country Music Awards joked that the world of country was struck by a collective bout of \"Postpartum Taylor Swift Disorder.\" And it's true that Swift's particular style owes a lot to country music.
But there's another genre that Swift borrows techniques from, which is perhaps equally responsible for her sound. And that genre is hip-hop.
To be clear, Taylor Swift is not a hip-hop artist. Despite the tizzy that followed the release of \"...Ready For It?\" \u2014 fans swore she should win the Grammy for best female hip-hop artist for speak-singing portions of that song \u2014 she does not rap. The strategic placement and quasi-ironic use of phrases like \"this sick beat\" and \"haters gonna hate,\" delivered from her perfectly lined red lips, serve to underscore her \"not rapperness,\" not diminish it. In style, in essence, in music, in person, Swift is no more a rapper than I am Beyonc\u00e9.
Of the rap elements that Swift has adopted, the most recognizable might be the feud. Swift has been calling out enemies in her music for more than a decade. Her word choice may be different, her melodies gentler, but the formula is similar: Someone wrongs you, you accept the challenge, you up the ante, and eventually, you become a hardened shell of your former self.
Need some evidence?
J. Cole in \"Rich N*****:\" \"Ain't there more to you? Don't it ever get boring to you? I realize deep down you a coward getting high off of power.\"
Taylor in \"Mean:\" \"Washed up and ranting about the same old bitter things, drunk and grumbling on about how I can't sing. But all you are is mean ... and a liar and pathetic and alone in life and mean.\"
Tupac in \"Hit 'Em Up:\" \"Remember when I used to let you sleep on the couch and beg a b**** to let you sleep in the house? Now it's all about Versace, you copied my style. Five shots couldn't drop me, I took it and smiled. Now I'm back to set the record straight.\"
Taylor in \"Bad Blood:\" \"Did you think we'd be fine? Still got scars in my back from your knives, so don't think it's in the past. These kinds of wounds they last and they last. Now, did you think it all through? All these things will catch up to you.\"
Nas, in \"Ether:\" \"Talk about me, laugh behind my back, but in my face, y'all some well-wishers, friendly-acting, envy-hiding snakes.\"
Taylor in \"This Is Why We Can't Have Nice Things:\" \"It was so nice being friends again. There I was giving you a second chance. But you stabbed my back while shaking my hand.\"
Drake in \"Pop Style:\" \"I can't trust no-f******-body.\"
It's worth noting that the only rival who has proven the least bit sustainable for Swift is Kanye West. And it's because he's a rapper. (And crucially, because he's a male rapper.) There was no pop-star playbook for Katy Perry to look at when things started popping off between her and Swift. The story goes that in 2012, Perry hired some of Swift's backup dancers out from under her, which led Swift to write the song \"Bad Blood.\" The video for \"Bad Blood\" was dripping with celebrity members of Swift's infamous \"squad,\" including Selena Gomez in a Perry-esque wig.
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Besides a mealy-mouthed tweet and a few mild TV comments, Perry had no substantive way to engage Swift. In fact, when Swift comes at Perry, or a critic, or one of her ex-boyfriends, it can almost feel like bullying. Because those people aren't part of the game. They don't know the rules of a public rivalry.
So is Swift. She has capitalized on that universal appeal of rap: centering the underdog, the underappreciated, the hated, the disenfranchised. She has taken this narrative and spun it on herself and those in her ilk: the young, white, wealthy and beautiful. And she has made so many of us believe it, even when doing so is an act of mental acrobatics: that she is a target, that she is treated unfairly, that she is misunderstood and people are being mean to her. And she has made us believe, by extension, that we don't have to have giant, larger-than-life rivalries to be the heroes of our own stories. A high school romance or perceived slight will do just fine.
The appeal of this style is perhaps best described by Swift herself. After the release of 1989, NPR's Melissa Block asked Swift why she doesn't write songs about \"big ideas and the big world that's outside.\"
Swift responded that what her younger female fans need is to look inward. \"I think the best thing I can do for them is continue to write songs that do make them think about themselves and analyze how they feel about something and then simplify how they feel,\" Swift said. \"Because, at that age \u2014 really at any age, but mostly that age \u2014 what can be so overwhelming is that you're feeling so many things at the same time that it's hard to actually understand what those emotions are, so it can turn to anxiety very quickly.\"
A huge part of Swift's draw is the acknowledgment of that reality, that our strongest emotions don't always correspond to the world's biggest injustices, and that we're entitled to them anyway. Her music doesn't make fans feel guilty about feeling what they're feeling. It provides space for them to be as angry or heartbroken or in love as they want to be. Her success as an artist is predicated on selling that contradiction: that you can be one of the most powerful, influential, beloved pop stars in the world, and still be victimized by the (often very normal) people around you.
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And those tiny, lyrical details that Swift throws in \u2014 those are key. In \"Mean,\" for instance, Swift spends several verses eviscerating someone before admitting that the insult that got her so upset was that he said she \"can't sing.\" How validating, to craft an entire disgruntled ballad to convey that you didn't appreciate someone's feedback.
In 2017, members of NPR's Music team wrote that, \"In hip-hop, as elsewhere, the personal is always political. Where you're at, so to speak, and how you choose to cultivate and represent that space \u2013 whether real or imagined \u2014 matters.\"
So where is Swift at, and how is she cultivating her space?
Well, Swift is at the top of the pop game. She is arguably the most famous pop star in the world right now. Her fan base is massive and her latest album, Reputation, has sold more than 2 million copies in the U.S. alone.
She is cultivating her space as the many things she is: a woman in a male-dominated industry, a savvy businessperson, a very famous celebrity whose every move is scrutinized. When she owns these identities, it feels honest. It's why nowadays, her best feuds, most satisfying takedowns, are directed at enemies big enough to pose a real threat to her: the media; the music industry; sexism.
But for all the qualities that make us root for Swift, there are others that make us question her \u2014 ones that she can't cultivate away. As a famous, attractive, thin, white, very wealthy woman, she is a profoundly unsympathetic underdog. She has too many advantages for most people to truly believe that she's in danger of not winning. Richer than Kanye, more influential than any ex-boyfriend or music critic or high school bully, she can no longer claim to be the small-town ingenue that so much of her early music portrayed her as being. In 2015, Dayna Evans argued that \"the underdog narrative that the Swift machine has built is one of forced falsehoods; Swift is not coming from behind. She's been ahead since she started.\"
(It's maybe why Swift folded so quickly after a brief t\u00eate-\u00e0-t\u00eate with Nicki Minaj. When positioned against a black woman rapper talking about the barriers that black women face in the music industry, Swift's immense power and privilege shone through. And in an uncommon move, she apologized to Minaj.)
Again, it matters that Swift hasn't co-opted the look or sound of hip-hop. When Iggy Azalea \u2014 a blonde, white, Australian artist the same age as Swift \u2014 raps, \"click clack, bang bang, I'm in the murda bizness,\" audiences intuit that she is play-acting. Hate her or love her, everyone understands that Azalea is a character \u2014 or perhaps, more accurately, a caricature of the black, male rappers that she is imitating. The fact that those black, male rappers are also often playing characters is often overlooked, thanks to racist stereotypes about black men being violent criminals.
And because Swift dresses, dances, speaks and sings the way we expect white women to, the fact that she's playing a character, too, is often overlooked. It's easy to assume that Swift really is exactly who her songs say she is. Fans trust that what she's singing is the truth.
And that's one of the differences between Swift claiming the underdog narrative and rappers doing so. Hip-hop has a history. It is a black art form built out of oppression, poverty and racism. To take on the stylistic elements of that narrative without being situated in the same reality is both brilliant and, at times, deeply unsettling.
In a 2015 GQ story, Chuck Klosterman wrote that \"Swift writes about her life so directly that the listener is forced to think about her persona in order to fully appreciate what she's doing creatively.\"
To consume Taylor Swift's music \u2014 as so many millions of fans do \u2014 is to consume her. That includes the parts of her life that we sympathize with \u2014 the scrutiny, the bad breakups, the double standards, the loneliness. But it also includes the other stuff: manipulation, whitewashing, myopia, pettiness. And it means that our feelings about Swift's music will frequently hinge on how we feel, at any given moment, about what it means to be someone like her.
Swift uses tools from hip-hop to help fans become invested in her story, her struggle, her truth. But in many cases, to believe that Swift's truth is the full truth is to believe that she lacks agency, privilege or power. And that fact that she can make us believe that, even for a few bars, makes Swift the most disorienting pop star of our time.
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+ "page_snippet": "Country labels have since become ... to the "Taylor Swift factor", a phenomenon to which an upsurge in guitar sales to women, a previously ignored demographic, is attributed. According to publications, Swift changed the music landscape with her genre transitions, a discography ...Country labels have since become interested in signing young singers who write their own music; her guitar performances contributed to the \"Taylor Swift factor\", a phenomenon to which an upsurge in guitar sales to women, a previously ignored demographic, is attributed. According to publications, Swift changed the music landscape with her genre transitions, a discography that accommodates cultural shifts, and her ability to popularize any sound in mainstream music. Swift admitted her vocal ability often concerned her in her early career and has worked hard to improve. Reviews of her vocals remained mixed after she transitioned to pop music with 1989; critics complained that she lacked proper technique but appreciated her usage of her voice to communicate her feelings to the audience, prioritizing \"intimacy over power and nuance\". According to publications, Swift changed the music landscape with her genre transitions, a discography that accommodates cultural shifts, and her ability to popularize any sound in mainstream music. Lyrically, in being personal and vulnerable in her songs, music journalist Nick Catucci opined Swift helped make space for later singers like Billie Eilish, Ariana Grande, and Halsey to do the same. Reviews of her vocals remained mixed after she transitioned to pop music with 1989; critics complained that she lacked proper technique but appreciated her usage of her voice to communicate her feelings to the audience, prioritizing \"intimacy over power and nuance\". They also praised her for refraining from correcting her pitch with Auto-Tune. The Los Angeles Times remarked that Swift's defining vocal feature is her attention to detail to convey an exact feeling\u2014\"the line that slides down like a contented sigh or up like a raised eyebrow\". Taylor Alison Swift (born December 13, 1989) is an American singer-songwriter. Her artistry, songwriting, and entrepreneurship have influenced the music industry and popular culture. A subject of widespread media coverage, Swift is an advocate of artists' rights and has impacted politics.",
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Taylor Alison Swift was born on December 13, 1989, in West Reading, Pennsylvania.[1] She is named after the singer-songwriter James Taylor.[2] Her father, Scott Kingsley Swift, is a former stockbroker for Merrill Lynch; her mother, Andrea Gardner Swift (n\u00e9e Finlay), worked for a time as a mutual fund marketing executive.[3] Her younger brother, Austin, is an actor.[4] Swift's maternal grandmother, Marjorie Finlay (n\u00e9e Moehlenkamp), was an opera singer,[5] whose singing in church became one of Swift's earliest memories of music that shaped her career.[3] Swift's mother is of Scottish and German descent, and her father is of Scottish and English descent with distant Italian ancestry.[6][7] \n
At 11, Swift traveled to Nashville with her mother to visit record labels and submit demo tapes of Dolly Parton and Dixie Chicks karaoke covers.[20] She was rejected by all the labels, which led her to focus on songwriting.[21] She started learning the guitar at 12 with the help of Ronnie Cremer, a computer repairman and local musician who also assisted Swift with writing an original song.[22] In 2003, Swift and her parents started working with the talent manager Dan Dymtrow. With his help, Swift modeled for Abercrombie & Fitch and had an original song included on a Maybelline compilation CD.[23] After performing original songs at an RCA Records showcase, 13-year-old Swift was given an artist development deal and began to travel regularly to Nashville with her mother.[24][25] To help Swift break into the country music scene, her father transferred to Merrill Lynch's Nashville office when she was 14 years old, and the family relocated to Hendersonville, Tennessee.[26][27] Swift attended Hendersonville High School[28] before transferring to Aaron Academy after two years, which better accommodated her touring schedule through homeschooling. She graduated one year early.[29][30]\n
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2004\u20132008: Career beginnings and first album
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In Nashville, Swift worked with experienced Music Row songwriters such as Troy Verges, Brett Beavers, Brett James, Mac McAnally, and the Warren Brothers[31][32] and formed a lasting working relationship with Liz Rose.[33] They began meeting for two-hour writing sessions every Tuesday afternoon after school.[34] Rose called the sessions \"some of the easiest I've ever done. Basically, I was just her editor. She'd write about what happened in school that day. She had such a clear vision of what she was trying to say. And she'd come in with the most incredible hooks.\" Swift became the youngest artist signed by the Sony/ATV Tree publishing house,[35] but left then BMG-owned RCA Records (later bought by Sony Music) at the age of 14 due to the label's lack of care and them \"cut[ting] other people's stuff\". She was also concerned that development deals can shelve artists[25][18] and recalled: \"I genuinely felt that I was running out of time. I wanted to capture these years of my life on an album while they still represented what I was going through.\"[36]\n
\nSwift opening for Brad Paisley in 2007. To promote her first album, she opened tours for other country musicians in 2007 and 2008.[37]\n
At an industry showcase at Nashville's Bluebird Cafe in 2005, Swift caught the attention of Scott Borchetta, a DreamWorks Records executive who was preparing to form an independent record label, Big Machine Records. She had first met Borchetta in 2004.[38] She was one of Big Machine's first signings,[25] and her father purchased a three-percent stake in the company for an estimated $120,000.[39][40] She began working on her eponymous debut album with Nathan Chapman.[18] Swift wrote or co-wrote all album tracks, and co-writers included Rose, Robert Ellis Orrall, Brian Maher, and Angelo Petraglia.[41] Released in October 2006, Taylor Swift peaked at number five on the US Billboard 200, on which it spent 157 weeks\u2014the longest stay on the chart by any release in the US in the 2000s decade.[42][43] Swift became the first female country music artist to write or co-write every track on a US platinum-certified debut album.[44]\n
Big Machine Records was still in its infancy during the June 2006 release of the lead single, \"Tim McGraw\", which Swift and her mother helped promote by packaging and sending copies of the CD single to country radio stations. As there was not enough furniture at the label yet, they would sit on the floor to do so.[45] She spent much of 2006 promoting Taylor Swift with a radio tour and television appearances; she opened for Rascal Flatts on select dates during their 2006 tour,[46] as a replacement for Eric Church.[47] Borchetta said that although record industry peers initially disapproved of his signing a 15-year-old singer-songwriter, Swift tapped into a previously unknown market\u2014teenage girls who listen to country music.[45][26]\n
Swift's second studio album, Fearless, was released in November 2008 in North America,[64] and in March 2009 in other markets.[65] On the Billboard 200, Fearless spent 11 weeks at number one, becoming Swift's first chart topper and the longest-running number-one female country album.[66] It was the best-selling album of 2009 in the US.[67] Its lead single, \"Love Story\", was her first number one in Australia and the first country song to top Billboard'sPop Songs chart,[68][69] and its third single, \"You Belong with Me\", was the first country song to top Billboard's all-genre Radio Songs chart.[70] Three other singles were released in 2008\u20132010: \"White Horse\", \"Fifteen\", and \"Fearless\". All five singles were Hot Country Songs top-10 entries, with \"Love Story\" and \"You Belong with Me\" topping the chart.[71] In 2009, Swift toured as an opening act for Keith Urban and embarked on her first headlining tour, the Fearless Tour.[72]\n
Swift's third studio album, Speak Now, was released in October 2010.[92] Written solely by Swift,[93] the album debuted the Billboard 200 with over one million US copies sold first week[94] and became the fastest-selling digital album by a female artist.[95]Speak Now was supported by six singles: \"Mine\", \"Back to December\", \"Mean\", \"The Story of Us\", \"Sparks Fly\", and \"Ours\". \"Mine\" peaked at number three and was the highest-charting single on the Billboard Hot 100,[96] the first three singles reached the top 10 in Canada,[87] and the last two reached number one on Hot Country Songs.[71] Swift promoted Speak Now with the Speak Now World Tour from February 2011 to March 2012[97] and the live album Speak Now World Tour \u2013 Live.[98]\n
At the 54th Annual Grammy Awards in 2012, Swift performed \"Mean\", which won Best Country Song and Best Country Solo Performance.[99] She was named Songwriter/Artist of the Year by the Nashville Songwriters Association (2010 and 2011),[100][101] Woman of the Year by Billboard (2011),[102] and Entertainer of the Year by the Academy of Country Music (2011 and 2012)[103] and the Country Music Association in 2011.[104] At the American Music Awards of 2011, Swift won Artist of the Year and Favorite Country Album.[105]Rolling Stone named Speak Now on its list of \"50 Best Female Albums of All Time\" (2012).[106]\n
Red and its single \"Begin Again\" received three nominations at the 56th Annual Grammy Awards (2014).[115] Swift received American Music Awards for Best Female Country Artist in 2012, Artist of the Year in 2013,[116][117] and the Nashville Songwriters Association's Songwriter/Artist Award for the fifth and sixth consecutive years.[118] At the 2014 Country Music Association Awards, Swift was honored with the Pinnacle Award, making her the second recipient in history after Garth Brooks.[119]The Red Tour ran from March 2013 to June 2014 and became the highest-grossing country tour upon completion.[120]\n
In March 2014, Swift began living in New York City, which she credited as a creative influence on her fifth studio album, 1989.[note 1] She described 1989 as her first \"official pop album\" and produced it with Jack Antonoff, Max Martin, Shellback, Imogen Heap, Ryan Tedder, and Ali Payami.[130] Released in October 2014, the album opened atop the Billboard 200 with 1.28 million copies sold.[131] Its singles \"Shake It Off\", \"Blank Space\", and \"Bad Blood\" reached number one in Australia, Canada, and the US, with the first two making Swift the first woman to replace herself at the Hot 100 top spot.[132] Other singles include \"Style\", \"Wildest Dreams\", \"Out of the Woods\", and \"New Romantics\".[133]The 1989 World Tour (2015) was the highest-grossing tour of the year with $250 million in total revenue.[134]\n
After publishing an op-ed in The Wall Street Journal stressing the importance of albums as a creative medium for artists,[135] in November 2014, Swift removed her catalog from ad-supported, free music streaming platforms such as Spotify.[136] In a June 2015 open letter, Swift criticized Apple Music for not offering royalties to artists during its free three-month trial period and threatened to withdraw her music from the platform,[137] which prompted Apple Inc. to announce that it would pay artists during the free trial period.[138] Swift then agreed to keep 1989 and her catalog on Apple Music.[139] Big Machine Records returned Swift's catalog to Spotify among other free streaming platforms in June 2017.[140]\n
Swift dated the DJ Calvin Harris from March 2015 to June 2016.[148] They co-wrote the song \"This Is What You Came For\", featuring vocals from Rihanna; Swift was initially credited under the pseudonym Nils Sj\u00f6berg.[149] She recorded \"I Don't Wanna Live Forever\" with Zayn Malik for the soundtrack to Fifty Shades Darker (2017)[150] and won a Country Music Association Award for Song of the Year with \"Better Man\", which she wrote for the band Little Big Town.[151] In April 2016, Kanye West released the single \"Famous\", in which he references Swift in the line, \"I made that bitch famous.\" Swift criticized West and said she never consented to the lyric, but West claimed that he had received her approval and his then-wife Kim Kardashian released video clips of Swift and West discussing the song amicably over the phone. The controversy made Swift a subject of an online \"cancel\" movement.[152] In late 2016, after briefly dating Tom Hiddleston, Swift began a six-year relationship with Joe Alwyn and retreated herself from the public spotlight.[153][154]\n
In August 2017, Swift successfully countersued David Mueller, a former radio jockey for KYGO-FM, who sued her for damages from loss of employment. Four years earlier, she informed Mueller's bosses that he had sexually assaulted her by groping her at an event.[155] The public controversies influenced Swift's sixth studio album, Reputation, which explored the impact of her fame and musically incorporated electropop with urban styles of hip hop and R&B.[156] Released in November 2017,[157]Reputation opened atop the Billboard 200 with 1.21 million US sales[158] and topped the charts in the UK, Australia, and Canada.[159] The album's lead single, \"Look What You Made Me Do\", was Swift's first UK number-one single[160] and topped charts in Australia, Ireland, New Zealand, and the US.[161] Its singles \"...Ready for It?\", \"End Game\", and \"Delicate\" were released to pop radio.[162]Reputation was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Pop Vocal Album.[163] Swift featured on the country duo Sugarland's \"Babe\" (2018).[164]\n
At the 2018 American Music Awards, Swift won four awards, which made her accumulate 23 trophies in total and become the AMAs' most awarded female musician, surpassing Whitney Houston.[165] The same year, she embarked on her Reputation Stadium Tour,[166] which became the highest-grossing North American concert tour in history and grossed $345.7 million worldwide.[167]\n
\n
2018\u20132021: Lover, Folklore, and Evermore
\n
In November 2018, Swift signed a new deal with Universal Music Group, which promoted her subsequent albums under Republic Records' imprint.[168] The contract included a provision for Swift to maintain ownership of her masters. In addition, in the event that Universal sold any part of its stake in Spotify, it agreed to distribute a non-recoupable portion of the proceeds among its artists.[169][170]\n
Swift's first album with Republic Records, Lover, was released in August 2019.[171] She produced the album with Antonoff, Louis Bell, Frank Dukes, and Joel Little.[172]Lover peaked atop the charts of such territories as Australia, Canada, Ireland, Mexico, Norway, Sweden, the UK, and the US.[173] The album spawned five singles: \"Me!\", \"You Need to Calm Down\", \"Lover\", \"The Man\", and \"Cruel Summer\"; the first two singles peaked at number two on the Billboard Hot 100, and the lattermost single became a resurgent success in 2023, reaching number one.[174]Lover was 2019's best-selling album in the US and best-selling album by a solo artist worldwide.[175] The album and its singles earned three nominations at the 62nd Annual Grammy Awards in 2020.[176] At the 2019 MTV Video Music Awards, Swift won three awards including Video of the Year for \"You Need to Calm Down\", becoming the first female and second artist overall to win the category for a self-directed video.[177]\n
While promoting Lover in 2019, Swift became embroiled in a public dispute with the talent manager Scooter Braun after he purchased Big Machine Records, including the masters of her albums that the label had released.[178] Swift said she had been trying to buy the masters, but Big Machine would only allow her to do so if she exchanged one new album for each older one under a new contract, which she refused to sign.[178] In November 2020, Swift began re-recording her back catalog, which enabled her to own the new masters and the licensing of her songs for commercial use, substituting the Big Machine-owned masters.[179]\n
In February 2020, Swift signed a global publishing deal with Universal Music Publishing Group after her 16-year contract with Sony/ATV expired.[180] Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, Swift surprise-released two \"sister albums\" that she recorded and produced with Antonoff and Aaron Dessner: Folklore in July and Evermore in December.[181] Joe Alwyn co-wrote and co-produced a few songs under the pseudonym William Bowery.[182] Both albums incorporated a muted indie folk and alternative rock production;[183] each was supported by three singles catering to US pop, country, and triple A radio formats. The singles were \"Cardigan\", \"Betty\", and \"Exile\" from Folklore, and \"Willow\", \"No Body, No Crime\", and \"Coney Island\" from Evermore.[184]Folklore was the best-selling album of 2020 in the US[185] and, together with \"Cardigan\", made Swift the first artist to debut a US number-one album and a number-one song in the same week; she achieved the feat again with Evermore and \"Willow\".[186]\n
According to Billboard, Swift was the highest-paid musician in the US and highest-paid solo musician worldwide of 2020.[187] Folklore made Swift the first woman to win the Grammy Award for Album of the Year three times, winning the category at the 63rd Annual Grammy Awards (2021).[188] At the American Music Awards, Swift won three awards including Artist of the Year for a third record time (2020)[189] and Favorite Pop/Rock Female Artist and Favorite Pop/Rock Album (2021).[190] Swift played Bombalurina in the film adaptation of Andrew Lloyd Webber's musical Cats (2019), for which she co-wrote and recorded the Golden Globe-nominated original song \"Beautiful Ghosts\".[191][192] The documentary Miss Americana, which chronicled parts of Swift's life and career, premiered at the 2020 Sundance Film Festival.[193]\n
\n
2021\u20132023: Re-recordings and Midnights
\nSwift's re-recordings of her first six studio albums began with Fearless (Taylor's Version) and Red (Taylor's Version), which were released in April and November 2021. Both peaked atop the Billboard 200, and the former was the first re-recorded album to do so.[194]Fearless (Taylor's Version) was preceded by \"Love Story (Taylor's Version)\", which made Swift the second artist after Dolly Parton to have both the original and re-recorded versions of a song reach number one on Hot Country Songs.[195]Red (Taylor's Version) was supported by \"All Too Well (10 Minute Version)\", which became the longest song in history to top the Hot 100.[196]
Swift performing in 2022
Swift's tenth studio album, Midnights, was released in October 2022.[197] The album incorporates a restrained electropop[198] and synth-pop sound[199] with elements of hip hop, R&B, and electronica.[197][200] In the US, Midnights was her fifth to open atop the Billboard 200 with first-week sales of over one million copies, and its tracks, led by the single \"Anti-Hero\", made Swift the first artist to monopolize the top 10 of the Hot 100.[201] Globally, the album broke the record for the most single-day streams and most single-week streams on Spotify and peaked atop the charts of at least 14 countries.[202] The album's two further singles, \"Lavender Haze\" and \"Karma\", both peaked at number two on the Billboard Hot 100.[203]\n
According to Billboard, Swift was the top-earning solo artist in the US and the top-earning musician worldwide of 2021.[204][205] She won six American Music Awards including Artist of the Year in 2022.[206] At the MTV Video Music Awards, Swift won her third and fourth trophies for Video of the Year with All Too Well: The Short Film, her self-directed short film that accompanies \"All Too Well (10 Minute Version)\", in 2022[207] and \"Anti-Hero\" in 2023.[208] At the Grammy Awards, All Too Well: The Short Film won Best Music Video at the 65th annual ceremony (2023)[209] and Midnights won Best Pop Vocal Album and Swift's record fourth Album of the Year at the 66th annual ceremony. Swift became the artist with the most Album of the Year wins in Grammy history.[210]\n
Swift was 2023's most streamed artist on Spotify,[219] Apple Music,[220] and Amazon Music;[221] and the first act to place number one on the year-end Billboard top artists list in three different decades (2009, 2015 and 2023).[222] She had five out of the 10 best-selling albums of 2023 in the US, a record since Luminate began tracking US music sales in 1991.[223] Besides music, Swift had a supporting role in the period comedy film Amsterdam (2022)[224] and began writing an original script for her directorial feature film debut with Searchlight Pictures.[225]\n
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2023\u2013present: The Eras Tour and The Tortured Poets Department
Swift has reinvented her musical identity with each album release,[235] earning descriptions as a musical \"chameleon\" from Time and the BBC.[236][237] In her early career, her musical influences were 1990s female country musicians such as Shania Twain, Faith Hill, LeAnn Rimes, and the Dixie Chicks,[238] and the country crossover music of Keith Urban, which incorporated rock, pop, and blues.[239] She self-identified as a country musician and achieved prominence as a country pop singer with her first four studio albums, from Taylor Swift (2006) to Red (2012).[240][241] The albums featured country signifiers such as banjo, mandolin, fiddle, and a slight vocal twang, but music critics noted their pop melodies and rock influences;[242][243] for example, Speak Now (2010) drew on rock styles such as pop rock, pop-punk, and 1980s arena rock.[93][244][245] Swift's country-music identity received contrarian commentary; critics argued that country was an indicator of her narrative songwriting rather than musical direction[246][247] and accused her of causing mainstream country music to stray from its roots.[248][249] The music journalist Jody Rosen commented that by originating her career in Nashville, Swift made a \"bait-and-switch maneuver, planting roots in loamy country soil, then pivoting to pop\".[250]\n
After the critical debate around Red's eclectic pop, rock, and electronic styles, Swift chose 1980s synth-pop as a defining sound of her recalibrated pop artistry and image, inspired by the music of Phil Collins, Annie Lennox, Peter Gabriel, and Madonna.[251][252]1989 (2014) was the first album in this direction, incorporating dense synthesizers and electronic arrangements.[253] Swift expanded on the electronic production on Reputation (2017), Lover (2019), and Midnights (2022), incorporating other pop styles such as pop rock, electropop, and dream pop.[198][254] On each album, she also experimented with other genres: Reputation consisted of hip hop, R&B, and EDM influences;[156]Lover featured a 1980s-influenced synth-driven production;[172] and Midnights was characterized by a minimalist, subdued sound.[255] When Swift embraced a pop identity, rockist critics regarded her move as an erosion of her country music songwriting authenticity.[256] Others regarded it as necessary for Swift's artistic evolution and defended her as a pioneer of poptimism.[257][258]\n
Her 2020 pandemic albums Folklore and Evermore explored alternative and indie styles of rock and folk, which resulted in a subtle, stripped-back soundscape with orchestration, synthesizers, and drum pads.[259][260] The latter further experimented with varied song structures, time signatures, and instruments.[261] Critics deemed the indie styles a mature representation of Swift's artistry as a singer-songwriter.[260]\n
Swift possesses a mezzo-sopranovocal range,[266] and a generally soft but versatile timbre.[267][268] As a country singer, her vocals were criticized by some as weak and strained compared to those of her contemporaries.[269] Swift admitted her vocal ability often concerned her in her early career and has worked hard to improve.[270] Reviews of her vocals remained mixed after she transitioned to pop music with 1989; critics complained that she lacked proper technique but appreciated her usage of her voice to communicate her feelings to the audience, prioritizing \"intimacy over power and nuance\".[271] They also praised her for refraining from correcting her pitch with Auto-Tune.[272]\n
The Los Angeles Times remarked that Swift's defining vocal feature is her attention to detail to convey an exact feeling\u2014\"the line that slides down like a contented sigh or up like a raised eyebrow\".[273] With Reputation, critics noted she was \"learning how to use her voice as a percussion instrument of its own\",[274] swapping her \"signature\" expressive vocals for \"cool, conversational, detached\" cadences and rhythms similar to hip hop and R&B styles.[275][156][276]Alternative Press stated that her \"evocative\" vocal stylings are more reminiscent of pop-punk and emo genres.[277]\n
Reviews of Swift's later albums and performances were more appreciative of her vocals, finding them less nasal, richer, more resonant, and more powerful.[243][278][279] With Folklore and Evermore, Swift received praise for her sharp and agile yet translucent and controlled voice.[280][281][282]Pitchfork described it as \"versatile and expressive\".[283] With her 2021 re-recorded albums, critics began to praise the mature, deeper and \"fuller\" tone of her voice.[284][285][286] An i review said Swift's voice is \"leagues better now\".[287]The Guardian highlighted \"yo-yoing vocal yelps\" and passionate climaxes as the trademarks of Swift's voice,[288] and that her country twang faded away.[289]Midnights received acclaim for Swift's nuanced vocal delivery.[290] She ranked 102nd on the 2023 Rolling Stone list of the 200 Greatest Singers of All Time.[268] In a review of the Eras Tour, The New Yorker critic Amanda Petrusich praised the clarity and tone of Swift's live vocals.[291] The musicologist Alyssa Barna said that Swift's timbre is \"breathy and bright\" in her upper register and \"full and dark\" in the lower.[292]\n
In The New Yorker in 2011, Swift said she identifies as a songwriter first: \"I write songs, and my voice is just a way to get those lyrics across\".[26] Her personal experiences were a common inspiration for her early songs, which helped her navigate life.[303][304] Her \"diaristic\" technique began with identifying an emotion, followed by a corresponding melody.[305][306] On her first three studio albums, love, heartbreak, and insecurities, from an adolescent perspective, were dominant themes.[93][307] She delved into the tumult of toxic relationships on Red,[308] and embraced nostalgia and post-romance positivity on 1989.[251]Reputation was inspired by the downsides of Swift's fame,[309] and Lover detailed her realization of the \"full spectrum of love\".[310] Other themes in Swift's music include family dynamics, friendship,[311][312] alienation, self-awareness, and tackling vitriol, especially sexism.[294][313]\n
Her confessional lyrics received positive reviews from critics,[314][26][315] who highlighted their vivid details and emotional engagement, which they found uncommon in pop music.[316][317][318] Critics also praised her melodic compositions; Rolling Stone described Swift as \"a songwriting savant with an intuitive gift for verse-chorus-bridge architecture\".[319][320]NPR dubbed Swift \"a master of the vernacular in her lyrics\",[156] remarking that her songs offer emotional engagement because \"the wit and clarity of her arrangements turn them from standard fare to heartfelt disclosures\".[320] Despite the positive reception, The New Yorker stated she was generally portrayed \"more as a skilled technician than as a Dylanesque visionary\".[26]Tabloid media often speculated and linked the subjects of her songs with her ex-lovers, a practice reviewers and Swift herself criticized as sexist.[321][322][323] Aside from clues in album liner notes, Swift avoided talking about the subjects of her songs.[324]\n
On her 2020 albums Folklore and Evermore, Swift was inspired by escapism and romanticism to explore fictional narratives.[325] She imposed emotions onto imagined characters and story arcs, which liberated her from tabloid attention and suggested new paths for her artistry.[305] Swift explained that she welcomed the new songwriting direction after she stopped worrying about commercial success.[325] According to Spin, she explored complex emotions with \"precision and devastation\" on Evermore.[326]Consequence stated her 2020 albums convinced skeptics of her songwriting prowess, noting her transformation from \"teenage wunderkind to a confident and careful adult\".[327]\n
Swift divides her writing into three types: \"quill lyrics\", songs rooted in antiquated poeticism; \"fountain pen lyrics\", based on modern and vivid storylines; and \"glitter gel pen lyrics\", which are lively and frivolous.[328] Critics note the fifth track of every Swift album as the most \"emotionally vulnerable\" of the album.[329] Awarding her with the Songwriter Icon Award in 2021, the National Music Publishers' Association remarked that \"no one is more influential when it comes to writing music today\".[330]The Week deemed her the foremost female songwriter of modern times,[331] and the Nashville Songwriters Association International named her Songwriter-Artist of the Decade in 2022.[201] Swift has also published two original poems: \"Why She Disappeared\" and \"If You're Anything Like Me\".[332]\n
Swift has been referred to as one of the greatest songwriters ever by several publications.[333][334][335] Literature scholars like Jonathan Bate and Stephanie Burt have noted that her literary and melodic sensibility and writing style are rare amongst her peers.[336][337] Swift's bridges are often noted as one of the best aspects of her songs,[338][327] earning her the title \"Queen of Bridges\" from Time.[339]Mojo described her as \"a sharp narrator with a gift for the extended metaphor\".[340]\n
\nSwift performing on the Reputation Stadium Tour in Seattle in May 2018\n
Journalists have described Swift as one of the best live performers. Often praised for her showmanship and stage presence,[341][342][343][344][345] Swift commands large audiences,[346][347][348] without having to rely on dance like her contemporaries do.[349] According to V magazine's Greg Krelenstein, she possesses \"a rare gift of turning a stadium spectacle into an intimate setting\", irrespective of whether she is \"plucking a guitar or leading an army of dancers\".[350] In a 2008 review of Swift's early performances, Sasha Frere-Jones of The New Yorker called Swift a \"preternaturally skilled\" entertainer with a vibrant stage presence, adding \"she returned the crowd's energy with the professionalism she has shown since the age of fourteen.\"[351] In 2023, Adrian Horton of The Guardian noted her \"seemingly endless stamina\" on the Eras Tour,[352] and i critic Ilana Kaplan called her showmanship \"unparalleled\".[353]\n
Critics have highlighted Swift's versatility as an entertainer, praising her ability to switch onstage personas and performance styles depending on the varying themes and aesthetics of her albums.[354][355] Her concert productions have been characterized by elaborate Broadway theatricality and high technology,[356] and her performances frequently incorporate a live band, with whom she has played and toured since 2007.[357] Swift also often accompanies herself with musical instruments such as electric guitar;[358] acoustic guitar; piano;[359] and sometimes twelve-string guitar,[360][361]banjo,[362] or ukulele.[363] Interacting frequently with the audience, her solo acoustic performances are considered intimate and emotionally resonant, complementing her story-based lyrics and fan connection.[291][364] Lydia Burgham of The Spinoff opined that this intimacy remains \"integral to her singer-songwriter origins\".[365][359] Chris Willman of Variety called Swift \"pop's most approachable superstar\",[366] and the 21st century's most popular performer.[367]\n
Swift emphasizes visuals as a key creative component of her music-making process.[368] She has collaborated with different directors to produce her music videos, and over time she has become more involved with writing and directing. She developed the concept and treatment for \"Mean\" in 2011[369] and co-directed the music video for \"Mine\" with Roman White the year before.[370] In an interview, White said that Swift \"was keenly involved in writing the treatment, casting and wardrobe. And she stayed for both the 15-hour shooting days, even when she wasn't in the scenes.\"[371]\n
From 2014 to 2018, Swift collaborated with director Joseph Kahn on eight music videos\u2014four each from her albums 1989 and Reputation. Kahn has praised Swift's involvement.[372] She worked with American Express for the \"Blank Space\" music video (which Kahn directed), and served as an executive producer for the interactive app AMEX Unstaged: Taylor Swift Experience, for which she won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Interactive Program in 2015.[373] Swift produced the music video for \"Bad Blood\" and won a Grammy Award for Best Music Video in 2016.[374]\n
Commercially, from available data, Swift has amassed over 50 million album sales and 150 million single sales as of 2019,[391][392][393] and 114 million units globally, including 78 billion streams as of 2021.[394][395] The International Federation of the Phonographic Industry ranked her as the Global Recording Artist of the Year for a record four times (2014, 2019, 2022, and 2023).[396] Swift has the most number-one albums in the United Kingdom and Ireland for a female artist this millennium,[397][398] earned the highest income for an artist on Chinese digital music platforms (RMB 159,000,000 as of 2021),[399] and is the first artist to occupy the entire top five[note 2] of the Australian albums chart.[402][403] Swift remains the world's highest-grossing female touring act ever, with cumulative ticket sales at $1.96 billion as of November 2023, per Pollstar.[404] The Eras Tour is the highest-grossing tour of all time and the first to surpass $1 billion in revenue.[405] Beginning with Fearless, each of her studio albums have opened with over one million global units.[406][407] Swift is the most-streamed act on Spotify and the most-streamed female artist on Apple Music.[202][408] On Spotify, she is the only artist to have received more than 250 million streams in one day (260 million on October 27, 2023) and the only female act to reach 100 million monthly listeners.[409][196]The most entries and the most simultaneous entries for an artist on the Billboard Global 200, with 143 and 31 songs, respectively, are among her feats.[410][411]\n
In the US, Swift has sold over 37.3 million albums as of 2019,[393] when Billboard placed her eighth on its Greatest of All Time Artists Chart.[412] Eleven of her songs have topped the Billboard Hot 100.[213] She is the longest-reigning and the first act to spend at least 100 weeks atop the Billboard Artist 100 (102 weeks);[413][414] the soloist with the most cumulative weeks atop and in the top ten of the Billboard 200 (69 and 387);[415][416] the woman with the most Billboard 200 number-ones (13),[196] Hot 100 entries (total and simultaneous: 232 and 26),[196][417] number-one debuts (6),[note 3] top-ten songs (49),[213] top-five songs (31),[196]Streaming Songs chart-toppers (8),[419] and weeks atop the Top Country Albums chart (101);[420] and the act with the most number-one songs on Pop Airplay (13)[421] and Digital Songs (28).[422] Swift is the first woman to simultaneously chart five albums in the top 10 and eleven albums on the entire Billboard 200;[423][424] and the first act to occupy the top four spots and chart seven albums[note 4] in the top 10 on the Top Album Sales chart.[426][427] She is the second highest-certified female digital singles artist (and fifth overall) in the US, with 137.5 million total units certified by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA),[428] and the first woman to have both an album (Fearless) and a song (\"Shake It Off\") certified Diamond.[429] Swift is the only artist in Luminate history to have six albums sell over a million copies in a week.[430]\n
Swift has appeared in various power listings. Time included her on its annual list of the 100 most influential people in 2010, 2015, and 2019.[431] She was one of the \"Silence Breakers\" that the magazine spotlighted as Person of the Year in 2017 for speaking up about sexual assault,[432] and received the honor again in 2023 for her cultural domination that year.[379]Time described Swift as the first Person of the Year to be recognized for \"achievement in the arts\", as well as the first woman to be recognized and appear on a Person of the Year cover more than once.[433][379] In 2014, she was named to Forbes'30 Under 30 list in the music category[434] and again in 2017 in its \"All-Star Alumni\" category.[435] Swift became the youngest woman to be included on Forbes' list of the 100 most powerful women in 2015, ranked at number 64.[436] In 2023, she was ranked by Forbes as the fifth-most powerful woman in the world, the first entertainer to place in the top five.[437] Swift received an honoraryDoctor of Fine Arts degree from New York University and served as its commencement speaker on May 18, 2022.[201]\n
Swift has been credited with making a profound impact on the music industry, popular culture and the economy.[438][439] She dominates cultural conversations,[440][441] which has led publications to describe her as a cultural \"vitality\" or zeitgeist.[442][443][444] Her music, life and public image are points of attention in global celebrity culture.[235] Initially a teen idol,[445] she has been referred to as a pop icon;[254][446] publications describe her immense popularity and longevity as unwitnessed since the 20th century.[447][448] In 2013, New York magazine's Jody Rosen dubbed Swift the \"world's biggest pop star\" and opined that the trajectory of her stardom has defied established patterns. Rosen added that Swift \"falls between genres, eras, demographics, paradigms, trends\", leaving her contemporaries \"vying for second place\".[250] Critics regard Swift as a rare yet successful combination of the pop star and singer-songwriter archetypes.[449]\n
Her fans are known as Swifties.[227]Billboard noted only few artists have had her chart success, critical acclaim, and fan support.[450] Swift's million-selling albums are considered an anomaly in the streaming-dominated industry following the end of the album era in the 2010s.[451][452] Economist Alan Krueger described Swift as an \"economic genius\".[453]\n
Although labeled by the media in her early career as \"America's Sweetheart\" for her girl next door persona,[454][455] Swift has been accused by detractors of being \"calculated\" and manipulative of her image, a narrative bolstered by her 2016 dispute with West.[456][457] Critics have also noted that her personal life and career have been subject to intense misogyny and \"slut-shaming\",[458][459] as well as rampant media scrutiny and tabloid speculation.[460] Swift has also been a victim of numerous house break-ins and stalkers, some of whom were armed.[461][462]\n
Swift's private jet use has drawn scrutiny for its carbon emissions.[463][464] In 2023, a spokesperson for Swift stated that she had purchased more than double the required carbon credits to offset all tour travel and personal flights.[465][466] In December 2023, Swift's lawyers sent a cease and desist letter to American programmer Jack Sweeney over tracking her private jet, alleging stalking and safety risks; media outlets have reported that the information posted by Sweeney is a synthesis of publicly available data.[467][468] In February 2024, it was reported that Swift had sold one of her two private jets.[469]\n
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Legacy
\n
\n
\n
\"You have different artists dominating different sectors of the industry: Some are huge at streaming, some are big draws on the road. But we're at this moment where there's no one better than Taylor Swift, whether that's on the radio, with streaming, ticket sales or just cultural impact.\"\n
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\u2013 Jason Lipshutz, Billboard executive director, 2023[470]
\n
Swift helped shape the modern country music scene,[471] having extended her success beyond the Anglosphere,[250][471] pioneered the use of internet (Myspace) as a marketing tool,[25][45] and introduced the genre to a younger generation.[472][250] Country labels have since become interested in signing young singers who write their own music;[473] her guitar performances contributed to the \"Taylor Swift factor\", a phenomenon to which an upsurge in guitar sales to women, a previously ignored demographic, is attributed.[474][475]\n
According to publications, Swift changed the music landscape with her genre transitions, a discography that accommodates cultural shifts,[476] and her ability to popularize any sound in mainstream music.[477] Lyrically, in being personal and vulnerable in her songs, music journalist Nick Catucci opined Swift helped make space for later singers like Billie Eilish, Ariana Grande, and Halsey to do the same.[478] Scholars have highlighted the literary sensibility and poptimist implications of Swift.[336][479] She has been credited with legitimizing and popularizing the concept of album \"eras\".[480][481] Swift is a subject of academic study and scholarly media research.[235] Various educational institutions offer courses on Swift in literary, cultural and sociopolitical contexts.[482][235]\n
Swift has influenced numerous music artists, and her albums have inspired a generation of singer-songwriters.[472][259][483] Journalists praise her ability to reform industry practices, noting how her actions changed streaming policies, prompted awareness of intellectual property in new musicians,[484][485] and reshaped ticketing models.[486] Various sources deem Swift's music a paradigm representing the millennial generation;[487]Vox called her the \"millennial Bruce Springsteen\",[488] and The Times named her \"the Bob Dylan of our age\".[489] Swift earned the title Woman of the Decade (2010s) from Billboard,[490]Artist of the Decade (2010s) at the American Music Awards,[491] and Global Icon at the Brit Awards for her impact.[395] Senior artists such as Paul McCartney,[492]Mick Jagger,[493] Madonna,[494]Stevie Nicks,[495] and Dolly Parton have praised her musicianship.[496]Carole King regards Swift her \"professional grand daughter\" and thanked Swift for \"carrying the torch forward\".[497] Springsteen called her a \"tremendous\" writer,[498] while Ringo Starr and Billy Joel considered Swift the Beatles' successor.[499][500]Britney Spears labeled Swift \"the most iconic pop woman of our generation\".[501]\n
\n
Entrepreneurship
\n
Media outlets describe Swift as a savvy businesswoman;[502][503] in 2024, she topped Billboard's annual Power 100 ranking of the top music industry executives.[504] Swift is known for her traditional album rollouts, consisting of a variety of promotional activities that Rolling Stone termed as an inescapable \"multimedia bonanza\".[505][506]Easter eggs and cryptic teasers became a common practice in contemporary pop music because of Swift.[507] Publications describe her discography as a music \"universe\" subject to analyses by fans, critics and journalists.[508][509][510] Swift maintains an active presence on social media and a close relationship with fans, to which many journalists attribute her success.[511][439][512] Her in-house management team is called 13 Management.[513]\n
^Though Swift has properties throughout the US, she identifies Nashville as her home.[128][129]\n
\n
^Swift has occupied the top five of the ARIA Albums Chart twice. She achieved this feat first on the issue published on July 7, 2023,[400] followed by a second time on the issue published on February 9, 2024.[401]\n
^Swift has charted seven titles in the top 10 of the Top Album Sales chart twice\u2014on the issues dated January 6, 2024, and January 20, 2024.[425]\n
Cullen, Shaun (2016). \"The Innocent and the Runaway: Kanye West, Taylor Swift, and the Cultural Politics of Racial Melodrama\". Journal of Popular Music Studies. 28 (1): 33\u201350. doi:10.1111/jpms.12160.
Hughes, Charles (2017). \"Country Music and the Recording Industry\". In Stimeling, Travis D. (ed.). The Oxford Handbook of Country Music. Oxford University Press. pp. 205\u2013228. ISBN978-0-19-024817-8.
Perone, James E. (2017). The Words and Music of Taylor Swift. The Praeger Singer-Songwriter Collection. ABC-Clio. ISBN978-1-4408-5294-7.
\n
Provenzano, Catherine (2018). \"Auto-Tune, Labor, and the Pop-Music Voice\". In Fink, Robert; Latour, Melinda; Wallmark, Zachary (eds.). The Relentless Pursuit of Tone: Timbre in Popular Music. Oxford University Press. pp. 159\u2013182. ISBN978-0-19-998522-7.
Spencer, Liv (2010). Taylor Swift: Every Day Is a Fairytale \u2013 The Unofficial Story. ECW Press. ISBN978-1-55022-931-8.
\n
Stone, Alison (2023). \"Feminism, Gender and Popular Music\". In Partridge, Christopher; Moberg, Marcus (eds.). The Bloomsbury Handbook of Religion and Popular Music. Bloomsbury Academic. pp. 57\u201368. ISBN9781350286979.
![\"Taylor](\"/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.datocms-assets.com%2F39109%2F1662051866-taylor-swift-album-eras.jpeg%3Fauto%3Dformat%252Ccompress%26cs%3Dsrgb&w=3840&q=75\")
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