Supermaxman
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Update README.md
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README.md
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num_examples: 2706
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download_size: 61236366105
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dataset_size: 94474695584.124
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---
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# Dataset Card for
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num_examples: 2706
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download_size: 61236366105
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dataset_size: 94474695584.124
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license: cc-by-4.0
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task_categories:
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- text-to-image
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language:
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- en
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tags:
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- space
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pretty_name: ESA Hubble Deep Space Images & Captions
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size_categories:
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- 1K<n<10K
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---
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# Dataset Card for ESA Hubble Deep Space Images & Captions
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The ESA Hubble Deep Space Images & Captions dataset is composed primarily of Hubble deep space scans as high-resolution images,
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along with textual descriptions written by ESA/Hubble. Metadata is also included, which enables more detailed filtering and understanding of massive space scans.
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The purpose of this dataset is to enable text-to-image generation methods for generating high-quality deep space scans from prompts.
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## Examples
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![opo9941a](https://cdn.spacetelescope.org/archives/images/thumb700x/opo9941a.jpg)
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> A grazing encounter between two spiral galaxies: In the direction of the constellation Canis Major, two spiral galaxies pass by each other like majestic ships in the night. The near-collision has been caught in images taken by the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope and its Wide Field Planetary Camera 2.
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> Credit: NASA/ESA and The Hubble Heritage Team (STScI)
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![heic0604a](https://cdn.spacetelescope.org/archives/images/screen/heic0604a.jpg)
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> The magnificent starburst galaxy Messier 82: This mosaic image of the magnificent starburst galaxy, Messier 82 (M82) is the sharpest wide-angle view ever obtained of M82. It is a galaxy remarkable for its webs of shredded clouds and flame-like plumes of glowing hydrogen blasting out from its central regions where young stars are being born 10 times faster than they are inside in our Milky Way Galaxy.
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> Credit: NASA, ESA and the Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA). Acknowledgment: J. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin), M. Mountain (STScI) and P. Puxley (NSF).
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![heic0715a](https://cdn.spacetelescope.org/archives/images/screen/heic0715a.jpg)
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> Extreme star cluster bursts into life in new Hubble image: The star-forming region NGC 3603 - seen here in the latest Hubble Space Telescope image - contains one of the most impressive massive young star clusters in the Milky Way. Bathed in gas and dust the cluster formed in a huge rush of star formation thought to have occurred around a million years ago. The hot blue stars at the core are responsible for carving out a huge cavity in the gas seen to the right of the star cluster in NGC 3603's centre.
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> Credit: NASA, ESA and the Hubble Heritage (STScI/AURA)-ESA/Hubble Collaboration
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## Statistics
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* There are a total of 2,706 deep space images
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* The complete uncompressed size of the dataset is 120 GB, so definitely make use of [Streaming](https://huggingface.co/docs/datasets/stream)
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* The average image is 44 MB, while the max image size is 432 MB
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* The average image has a height of 2,881 pixels, and an average width of 3,267 pixels
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## Collection
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All images were collected from [https://esahubble.org/](https://esahubble.org/).
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Fullsize Original images & metadata were crawled from the ESA Hubble website using [Scrapy](https://scrapy.org/).
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Images were downloaded as `.tiff` files with the following [code](https://github.com/Supermaxman/SpaceGAN), while
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additional metadata was later collected for each image using the following [code](https://github.com/Supermaxman/WebbDiffuser).
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As the ESA Hubble website collects images from a wide variety of sources, images were filtered to try to avoid any non-space scan images as follows:
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The ESA Hubble [Advanced Image Search](http://esahubble.org/images/archive/search) enables the following filtering parameters:
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* images with Minimum size greater than or equal to 400x300
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* Ranking greater than or equal to Fair or better
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* Type containing 'Observation'
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This reduced significantly the number of images which had nothing to do with Hubble deep space scans.
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A total of around 3,000 space images were collected with this method.
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## Filtering
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Further automatic and manual filtering was performed to remove the following:
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* improperly classified images
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* space renders
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* diagrams with text
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* images of celestial bodies within our solar system
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This brought the total number of deep space images down to 2,593.
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This process was not perfect, and there likely remain some images in the dataset that should be removed in the future.
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## Preprocessing
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Some of the deep space scans were as large as 34,372x19,345, with a bit depth of 24 (nearly 2 GB).
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Unfortunately, these images were too large to upload easily.
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Therefore, images were automatically subdivided in half if they were above 12,000 pixels in either height or width.
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Subdivided images were also tagged with additional metadata, such that users can reconstruct the original images if they would prefer.
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Otherwise, metadata was copied across subdivided images.
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This process resulted in 2,706 final deep space images.
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## License
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ESA/Hubble images, videos and web texts are released under the [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
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and may on a non-exclusive basis be reproduced without fee provided they are clearly and visibly credited.
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See [https://esahubble.org/copyright/](https://esahubble.org/copyright/) for additional conditions for reproduction and copyright.
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## Citation
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If you use this dataset, please cite it as:
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```
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@misc{weinzierl2023hubble,
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author = {Weinzierl, Maxwell A.},
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title = {ESA Hubble Deep Space Images & Captions},
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year={2023},
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howpublished= {\url{https://huggingface.co/datasets/Supermaxman/esa-hubble}}
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}
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```
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