text: Caffeine as a psychomotor stimulant: mechanism of action.
  The popularity of caffeine as a psychoactive drug is due to its stimulant properties, which depend on its ability to reduce adenosine transmission in the brain. Adenosine A(1) and A(2A) receptors are expressed in the basal ganglia, a group of structures involved in various aspects of motor control. Caffeine acts as an antagonist to both types of receptors. Increasing evidence indicates that the psychomotor stimulant effect of caffeine is generated by affecting a particular group of projection neurons located in the striatum, the main receiving area of the basal ganglia. These cells express high levels of adenosine A(2A) receptors, which are involved in various intracellular processes, including the expression of immediate early genes and regulation of the dopamine- and cyclic AMP-regulated 32-kDa phosphoprotein DARPP-32. The present review focuses on the effects of caffeine on striatal signal transduction and on their involvement in caffeine-mediated motor stimulation.
entities.id: T10 T11 T12 T13 T14 T15 T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 T9
entities.type: CHEMICAL CHEMICAL GENE-N GENE-Y GENE-Y GENE-Y CHEMICAL CHEMICAL CHEMICAL CHEMICAL CHEMICAL CHEMICAL CHEMICAL CHEMICAL CHEMICAL
entities.text: caffeine Caffeine Adenosine A(1) and A(2A) receptors adenosine A(2A) receptors dopamine- and cyclic AMP-regulated 32-kDa phosphoprotein DARPP-32 adenosine Adenosine caffeine Caffeine caffeine adenosine dopamine cyclic AMP caffeine