diff --git "a/36_years1979-04.jsonl" "b/36_years1979-04.jsonl"
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+++ "b/36_years1979-04.jsonl"
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
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+{"cellarURIs": "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/acec8933-3888-4f2e-908d-0b468c6bd653", "title": "Arrangement regarding bovine meat", "langIdentifier": "ENG", "mtypes": "fmx4,html,pdfa1b,print,xhtml", "workTypes": "http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#agreement_international,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#agreement_non-member-states,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#resource_legal,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#work", "authors": "Argentina,Austria,Canada,European Economic Community,Finland,Hungary,Japan,New Zealand,Norway,Sweden,Switzerland,United Kingdom,United States", "date": "1979-04-12", "subjects": "GATT,Tokyo Round,beef,international cooperation,international trade,multilateral agreement", "workIds": "celex:21979A0412(01)", "eurovoc_concepts": ["GATT", "Tokyo Round", "beef", "international cooperation", "international trade", "multilateral agreement"], "url": "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/acec8933-3888-4f2e-908d-0b468c6bd653", "lang": "eng", "formats": ["fmx4", "html", "pdfa1b", "print", "xhtml"], "text": "L_1980071EN. 01000701. xml\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n17. 3. 1980\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\n\n\nEN\n\n\nOfficial Journal of the European Communities\n\n\nL 71/7\n\n\n\n\n\nARRANGEMENT REGARDING BOVINE MEAT\n\nPREAMBLE\n\nCONVINCED that increased international cooperation should be carried out in such a way as to contribute to the achievement of greater liberalization, stability and expansion in international trade in meat and live animals;\nTAKING into account the need to avoid serious disturbances in international trade in bovine meat and live animals;\nRECOGNIZING the importance of production and trade in bovine meat and live animals for the economies of many countries, especially for certain developed and developing countries;\nMINDFUL of their obligations to the principles and objectives of the General Agreement on tariffs and trade (hereinafter referred to as \u2018General Agreement\u2019 or \u2018GATT\u2019)\u00a0(1);\nDETERMINED, in carrying out the aims of this Arrangement to implement the principles and objectives agreed upon in the Tokyo Declaration of Ministers, dated 14 September 1973 concerning the multilateral trade negotiations, in particular as concerns special and more favourable treatment for developing countries;\nTHE PARTICIPANTS IN THE PRESENT ARRANGEMENT HAVE, through their representatives, AGREED AS FOLLOWS:\nPART ONE\n\nGENERAL PROVISIONS\n\nArticle I\nObjectives\nThe objectives of this Arrangement shall be:\n\n\n\n\n\n\n1. to promote the expansion, ever-greater liberalization and stability of the international meat and livestock market by facilitating the progressive dismantling of obstacles and restrictions to world trade in bovine meat and live animals, including those which compartmentalize this trade, and by improving the international framework of world trade to the benefit of both consumer and producer, importer and exporter;\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n2. to encourage greater international cooperation in all aspects affecting the trade in bovine meat and live animals with a view in particular to greater rationalization and more efficient distribution of resources in the international meat economy;\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n3. to secure additional benefits for the international trade of developing countries in bovine meat and live animals through an improvement in the possibilities for these countries to participate in the expansion of world trade in these products by means of inter alia:\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n(a)\n\n\npromoting long-term stability of prices in the context of an expanding world market for bovine meat and live animals; and\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n(b)\n\n\npromoting the maintenance and improvement of the earnings of developing countries that are exporters of bovine meat and live animals;\n\n\n\n\nthe above with a view thus to deriving additional earnings, by means of securing long-term stability of markets for bovine meat and live animals;\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n4. to further expand trade on a competitive basis taking into account the traditional position of efficient producers. Article II\nProduct coverage\nThis Arrangement applies to bovine meat. For the purpose of this Arrangement, the term \u2018bovine meat\u2019 is considered to include:\n\n\n\n\n\n\nCCCN\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n(a)\n\n\nLive bovine animals\n\n\n\n\n\n\n01. 02\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n(b)\n\n\nMeat and edible offals of bovine animals, fresh, chilled or frozen\n\n\n\n\n\n\nex 02. 01\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n(c)\n\n\nMeat and edible offals of bovine animals, salted, in brine, dried or smoked\n\n\n\n\n\n\nex 02. 06\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n(d)\n\n\nOther prepared or preserved meat or offal of bovine animals\n\n\n\n\n\n\nex 16. 02\n\n\n\n\nand any other product that may be added by the International Meat Council, as estabished under the terms of Article V of this Arrangement, in order to accomplish the objectives and provisions of this Arrangement. Article III\nInformation and market monitoring\n1. All participants agree to provide, regularly and promptly to the Council, the information which will permit the Council to monitor and assess the overall situation of the world market for meat and the situation of the world market for each specific meat. 2. Participating developing countries shall furnish the information available to them. In order that these countries may improve their data collection mechanisms, developed participants, and any developing participants able to do so, shall consider sympathetically any request to them for technical assistance. 3. The information that the participants undertake to provide pursuant to paragraph 1 of this Article, according to the modalities that the Council shall establish, shall include data on past performance and current situation and an assessment of the outlook regarding production (including the evolution of the composition of herds), consumption, prices, stocks of and trade in the products referred to in Article II, and any other information deemed necessary by the Council, in particular on competing products. Participants shall also provide information on their domestic policies and trade measures including bilateral and plurilateral commitments in the bovine sector, and shall notify as early as possible any changes in such policies and measures that are likely to affect international trade in live bovine animals and meat. The provisions of this paragraph shall not require any participant to disclose confidential information which would impede law enforcement or otherwise be contrary to the public interest or would prejudice the legitimate commercial interests of particular enterprises, public or private. 4. The secretariat of the Arrangement shall monitor variations in market data, in particular herd sizes, stocks, slaughterings and domestic and international prices, so as to permit early detection of the symptoms of any serious imbalance in the supply and demand situation. The secretariat shall keep the Council apprized of significant developments on world markets, as well as prospects for production, consumption, exports and imports. Note:\n\nIt is understood that under the provisions of this Article, the Council instructs the secretariat to draw up, and keep up to date, an inventory of all measures affecting trade in bovine meat and live animals, including commitments resulting from bilateral, plurilateral and multilateral negotiations. Article IV\nFunctions of the International Meat Council and cooperation between the participants to this Arrangement\n1. The Council shall meet in order to:\n\n\n\n\n\n\n(a)\n\n\nevaluate the world supply and demand situation and outlook on the basis of an interpretative analysis of the present situation and of probable developments drawn up by the secretariat of the Arrangement, on the basis of documentation provided in conformity with Article III of the present Arrangement, including that relating to the operation of domestic and trade policies and of any other information available to the secretariat;\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n(b)\n\n\nproceed to a comprehensive examination of the functioning of the present Arrangement;\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n(c)\n\n\nprovide an opportunity for regular consultation on all matters affecting international trade in bovine meat. 2. If after evaluation of the world supply and demand situation referred to in paragraph 1 (a) of this Article; or after examination of all relevant information pursuant to Article III (3), the Council finds evidence of a serious imbalance or a threat thereof in the international meat market, the Council will proceed by consensus, taking into particular account the situation in developing countries, to identify, for consideration by governments, possible solutions to remedy the situation consistent with the principles and rules of GATT. 3. Depending on whether the Council considers that the situation defined in paragraph 2 of this Article is temporary or more durable, the measures referred to in paragraph 2 of this Article could include short-, medium-, or long-term measures taken by importers as well as exporters to contribute to improve the overall situation of the world market consistent with the objectives and aims of the Arrangement, in particular the expansion, ever-greater liberalization, and stability of the international meat and livestock markets. 4. When considering the suggested measures pursuant to paragraphs 2 and 3 of this Article, due consideration shall be given to special and more favourable treatment to developing countries, where this is feasible and appropriate. 5. The participants undertake to contribute to the fullest possible extent to the implementation of the objectives of this Arrangement set forth in Article I. To this end, and consistent with the principles and rules of the General Agreement, participants shall, on a regular basis, enter into the discussions provided in Article IV (1) (c) with a view to exploring the possibilities of achieving the objectives of the present Arrangement, in particular the further dismantling of obstacles to world trade in bovine meat and live animals. Such discussions should prepare the way for subsequent consideration of possible solutions of trade problems consistent with the rules and principles of the GATT, which could be jointly accepted by all the parties concerned, in a balanced context of mutual advantages. 6. Any participant may raise before the Council any matter\u00a0(2) affecting this Arrangement inter alia for the same purposes provided for in paragraph 2 of this Article. The Council shall, at the request of a participant, meet within a period of not more than 15 days to consider any matter affecting the present Arrangement. PART TWO\n\nADMINISTRATION OF THE ARRANGEMENT\n\nArticle V\n1. International Meat Council\n\nAn International Meat Council shall be established within the framework of the GATT. The Council shall comprise representatives of all participants to the Arrangement and shall carry out all the functions which are necessary to implement the provisions of the Arrangement. The Council shall be serviced by the GATT secretariat. The Council shall establish its own rules of procedure, in particular the modalities for consultations provided for in Article IV. 2. Regular and special meetings\n\nThe Council shall normally meet at least twice each year. However, the chairman may call a special meeting of the Council either on his own initiative, or at the request of a participant to this Arrangement. 3. Decisions\n\nThe Council shall reach its decisions by consensus. The Council shall be deemed to have decided on a matter submitted for its consideration if no member of the Council formally objects to the acceptance of a proposal. 4. Cooperation with other organizations\n\nThe Council shall make whatever arrangements are appropriate for consultation or cooperation with intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations. 5. Admission of observers\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n(a)\n\n\nThe Council may invite any non-participating country to be represented at any of its meetings as an observer. (b)\n\n\nThe Council may also invite any of the organizations referred to in paragraph 4 of this Article to attend any of its meetings as an observer. PART THREE\n\nFINAL PROVISIONS\n\nArticle VI\n1. Acceptance\n\u00a0(3)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n(a)\n\n\nThis Arrangement is open for acceptance, by signature or otherwise, by governements members of the United Nations, or of one of its specialized agencies and by the European Economic Community. (b)\n\n\nAny government\u00a0(4) accepting this Arrangement may at the time of acceptance make a reservation with regard to its acceptance of any of the provisions in the present Arrangement. This reservation is subject to the approval of the participants. (c)\n\n\nThis Arrangement shall be deposited with the Director-General to the Contracting Parties to the GATT who shall promptly furnish a certified copy thereof and a notification of each acceptance thereof to each participant. The texts of this Arrangement in the English, French and Spanish languages shall all be equally authentic. (d)\n\n\nThe entry into force of this Arrangement shall entail the abolition of the International Meat Consultative Group. 2. Provisional application\n\nAny government may deposit with the Director-General to the Contracting Parties to the GATT a declaration of provisional application of this Arrangement. Any government depositing such a declaration shall provisionally apply this Arrangement and be provisionally regarded as participating in this Arrangement. 3. Entry into force\n\nThis Arrangement shall enter into force, for those participants having accepted it, on 1 January 1980. For participants accepting this Arrangement after that date, it shall be effective from the date of their acceptance. 4. Validity\n\nThis Arrangement shall remain in force for three years. The duration of this Arrangement shall be extended for further periods of three years at a time, unless the Council, at least 80 days prior to each date of expiry, decides otherwise. 5. Amendment\n\nExcept where provision for modification is made elsewhere in this Arrangement the Council may recommend an amendment to the provisions of this Arrangement. The proposed amendment shall enter into force upon acceptance by the governments of all participants. 6. Relationship between the Arrangement and the GATT\n\nNothing in this Arrangement shall affect the rights and obligations of participants under the GATT\u00a0(5). 7. Withdrawal\n\nAny participant may withdraw from this Arrangement. Such withdrawal shall take effect upon the expiration of 60 days from the date on which written notice of withdrawal is received by the Director-General to the Contracting Parties to the GATT. (1)\u00a0\u00a0This provision applies only among GATT Contracting Parties. (2)\u00a0\u00a0Note: It is confirmed that the term \u2018matter\u2019 in this paragraph includes any matter which is covered by Multilateral Agreements negotiated within the framework of the multilateral trade negotiations, in particular those bearing on export and import measures. It is further confirmed that the provisions of Article IV (6), and this footnote are without prejudice to the rights and obligations of the parties to such agreements. (3)\u00a0\u00a0The terms \u2018 acceptance\u2019 or \u2018accepted\u2019 as used in this Article include the completion of any domestic procedures necessary to implement the provisions of this Arrangement. (4)\u00a0\u00a0For the purpose of this Arrangement, the term \u2018government\u2019 is deemed to include the competent authorities of the European Economic Community. (5)\u00a0\u00a0This provision applies only among GATT Contracting Parties"}
+{"cellarURIs": "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/04879baf-cdb7-4d45-873d-c531c1cfdaa9", "title": "Multilateral Agreements resulting from the trade negotiations of 1973-1979 (GATT) - Agreement on implementation of Article VI of the General Agreement on tariffs and trade - Addendum 1 - Addendum 2", "langIdentifier": "ENG", "mtypes": "html,pdfa1b,print", "workTypes": "http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#agreement_international,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#agreement_non-member-states,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#resource_legal,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#work", "authors": "Austria,Canada,European Economic Community,Finland,Japan,Norway,Sweden,Switzerland,United Kingdom,United States", "date": "1979-04-12", "subjects": "GATT,Tokyo Round,anti-dumping legislation,international trade,multilateral agreement", "workIds": "celex:21979A0412(07)", "eurovoc_concepts": ["GATT", "Tokyo Round", "anti-dumping legislation", "international trade", "multilateral agreement"], "url": "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/04879baf-cdb7-4d45-873d-c531c1cfdaa9", "lang": "eng", "formats": ["html", "pdfa1b", "print"]}
+{"cellarURIs": "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/f587aa87-7a01-4786-89ec-4ddac2bd7b72", "title": "Multilateral Agreements resulting from the trade negotiations of 1973-1979 (GATT) - Agreement on Trade in Civil Aircraft", "langIdentifier": "ENG", "mtypes": "html,pdfa1b,print", "workTypes": "http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#agreement_international,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#agreement_non-member-states,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#resource_legal,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#work", "authors": "Belgium,Denmark,European Economic Community,France,Germany,Ireland,Italy,Japan,Luxembourg,Netherlands,Norway,Sweden,Switzerland,United Kingdom,United States", "date": "1979-04-12", "subjects": "GATT,Tokyo Round,aircraft,civil aviation,international trade,multilateral agreement", "workIds": "celex:21979A0412(05)", "eurovoc_concepts": ["GATT", "Tokyo Round", "aircraft", "civil aviation", "international trade", "multilateral agreement"], "url": "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/f587aa87-7a01-4786-89ec-4ddac2bd7b72", "lang": "eng", "formats": ["html", "pdfa1b", "print"]}
+{"cellarURIs": "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/351c4b52-e2e4-44ac-be5c-0cfa135d36be", "title": "Multilateral Agreements resulting from the trade negotiations of 1973-1979 (GATT) - Agreement on interpretation and application of Articles VI, XVI and XXIII of the General Agreement on tariffs and trade", "langIdentifier": "ENG", "mtypes": "html,pdfa1b,print", "workTypes": "http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#agreement_international,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#agreement_non-member-states,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#resource_legal,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#work", "authors": "Austria,Canada,Chile,European Economic Community,Finland,Japan,Norway,Sweden,Switzerland,United Kingdom,United States", "date": "1979-04-12", "subjects": "GATT,Tokyo Round,countervailing charge,import,international trade,multilateral agreement", "workIds": "celex:21979A0412(06)", "eurovoc_concepts": ["GATT", "Tokyo Round", "countervailing charge", "import", "international trade", "multilateral agreement"], "url": "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/351c4b52-e2e4-44ac-be5c-0cfa135d36be", "lang": "eng", "formats": ["html", "pdfa1b", "print"]}
+{"cellarURIs": "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/b7c7ea14-7fd3-448b-97e5-df879f976f8d", "title": "Multilateral Agreements resulting from the trade negotiations of 1973-1979 (GATT) - International Dairy Arrangement", "langIdentifier": "ENG", "mtypes": "fmx4,html,pdfa1b,print,xhtml", "workTypes": "http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#agreement_international,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#agreement_non-member-states,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#resource_legal,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#work", "authors": "Argentina,Austria,European Economic Community,Finland,Hungary,Japan,New Zealand,Norway,Sweden,Switzerland,United States", "date": "1979-04-12", "subjects": "GATT,Tokyo Round,international cooperation,international trade,milk product,multilateral agreement", "workIds": "celex:21979A0412(02)", "eurovoc_concepts": ["GATT", "Tokyo Round", "international cooperation", "international trade", "milk product", "multilateral agreement"], "url": "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/b7c7ea14-7fd3-448b-97e5-df879f976f8d", "lang": "eng", "formats": ["fmx4", "html", "pdfa1b", "print", "xhtml"], "text": "L_1980071EN. 01001101. xml\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n17. 3. 1980\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\n\n\nEN\n\n\nOfficial Journal of the European Communities\n\n\nL 71/11\n\n\n\n\n\nINTERNATIONAL DAIRY ARRANGEMENT\n\nPREAMBLE\n\nRECOGNIZING the importance of milk and dairy products to the economy of many countries\u00a0(1) in terms of production, trade and consumption;\nRECOGNIZING the need, in the mutual interests of producers and consumers, and of exporters and importers, to avoid surpluses and shortages, and to maintain prices at an equitable level;\nNOTING the diversity and interdependence of dairy products;\nNOTING the situation in the dairy products market, which is characterized by very wide fluctuations and the proliferation of export and import measures;\nCONSIDERING that improved cooperation in the dairy products sector contributes to the attainment of the objectives of expansion and liberalization of world trade, and the implementation of the principles and objectives concerning developing countries agreed upon in the Tokyo Declaration of Ministers dated 14 September 1973 concerning the multilateral trade negotiations;\nDETERMINED to respect the principles and objectives of the General Agreement on tariffs and trade\u00a0(2) (hereinafter referred to as \u2018General Agreement\u2019 or \u2018GATT\u2019) and, in carrying out the aims of this Arrangement, effectively to implement the principles and objectives agreed upon in the said Tokyo Declaration;\nThe participants to the present Arrangement have, through their representatives, agreed as follows:\nPART ONE\n\nGENERAL PROVISIONS\n\nArticle I\nObjectives\nThe objectives of this Arrangement shall be, in accordance with the principles and objectives agreed upon in the Tokyo Declaration of Ministers dated 14 September 1973 concerning the multilateral trade negotiations,\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\u2014\n\n\nto achieve the expansion and ever-greater liberalization of world trade in dairy products under market conditions as stable as possible, on the basis of mutual benefit to exporting and importing countries;\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\u2014\n\n\nto further the economic and social development of developing countries. Article II\nProduct coverage\n1. This Arrangement applies to the dairy products sector. For the purpose of this Arrangement, the term \u2018dairy products\u2019 is deemed to include the following products, as defined in the Customs Cooperation Council Nomenclature:\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\u00a0\n\n\n\nCCCN\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n(a)\n\n\nMilk and cream, fresh, not concentrated or sweetened\n\n\n\n\n\n\n04. 01\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n(b)\n\n\nMilk and cream, preserved, concentrated or sweetened\n\n\n\n\n\n\n04. 02\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n(c)\n\n\nButter\n\n\n\n\n\n\n04. 03\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n(d)\n\n\nCheese and curd\n\n\n\n\n\n\n04. 04\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n(e)\n\n\nCasein\n\n\n\n\n\n\nex 35. 01\n\n\n\n\n2. The International Dairy Products Council established in terms of Article VII (1) (a) of this Arrangement (hereinafter referred to as the Council) may decide that the Arrangement is to apply to other products in which dairy products referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article have been incorporated if it deems their inclusion necessary for the implementation of the objectives and provisions of this Arrangement. Article III\nInformation\n1. The participants agree to provide regularly and promptly to the Council the information required to permit it to monitor and assess the overall situation of the world market for dairy products and the world market situation for each individual dairy product. 2. Participating developing countries shall furnish the information available to them. In order that these participants may improve their data collection mechanisms, developed participants, and any developing participants able to do so, shall consider sympathetically any request to them for technical assistance. 3. The information that the participants undertake to provide pursuant to paragraph 1 of this Article, according to the modalities that the Council shall establish, shall include data on past performance, current situation and outlook regarding production, consumption, prices, stocks and trade, including transactions other than normal commercial transactions, in respect of the products referred to in Article II of this Arrangement, and any other information deemed necessary by the Council. Participants shall also provide information on their domestic policies and trade measures, and on their bilateral, plurilateral or multilateral commitments, in the dairy sector and shall make known, as early as possible, any changes in such policies and measures that are likely to affect international trade in dairy products. The provisions of this paragraph shall not require any participant to disclose confidential information which would impede law enforcement or otherwise be contrary to the public interest or would prejudice the legitimate commercial interests of particular enterprises, public or private. Note:\n\nIt is understood that under the provisions of this Article, the Council instructs the secretariat to draw up, and keep up to date, an inventory of all measures affecting trade in dairy products, including commitments resulting from bilateral, plurilateral and multilateral negotiations. Article IV\nFunctions of the International Dairy Products Council and cooperation between the participants to this Arrangement\n1. The Council shall meet in order to:\n\n\n\n\n\n\n(a)\n\n\nmake an evaluation of the situation in and outlook for the world market for dairy products, on the basis of a status report prepared by the secretariat with the documentation furnished by participants in accordance with Article III of this Arrangement, information arising from the operation of the Protocols covered by Article VI of this Arrangement, and any other information available to it;\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n(b)\n\n\nreview the functioning of this Arrangement. 2. If, after an evaluation of the world market situation and outlook referred to in paragraph 1 (a) of this Article, the Council finds that a serious market disequilibrium, or threat of such a disequilibrium, which affects or may affect international trade, is developing for dairy products in general or for one or more products, the Council will proceed to identify, taking particular account of the situation of developing countries, possible solutions for consideration by governments. 3. Depending on whether the Council considers that the situation defined in paragraph 2 of this Article is temporary or more durable, the measures referred to in paragraph 2 of this Article could include short-, medium- or long-term measures to contribute to improve the overall situation of the world market. 4. When considering measures that could be taken pursuant to paragraphs 2 and 3 of this Article, due account shall be taken of the special and more favourable treatment, to be provided for developing countries, where this is feasible and appropriate. 5. Any participant may raise before the Council any matter\u00a0(3) affecting this Arrangement, inter alia, for the same purposes provided for in paragraph 2 of this Article. Each participant shall promptly afford adequate opportunity for consultation regarding such matter\u00a0(3) affecting this Arrangement. 6. If the matter affects the application of the specific provisions of the Protocols annexed to this Arrangement, any participant which considers that its trade interests are being seriously threatened and which is unable to reach a mutually satisfactory solution with the other participant or participants concerned, may request the chairman of the Committee for the relevant Protocol established under Article VII (2) (a) of this Arrangement, to convene a special meeting of the Committee on an urgent basis so as to determine as rapidly as possible, and within four working days if requested, any measures which may be required to meet the situation. If a satisfactory solution cannot be reached, the Council shall, at the request of the chairman of the Committee for the relevant Protocol, meet within a period of not more than 15 days to consider the matter with a view to facilitating a satisfactory solution. Article V\nFood aid and transactions other than normal commercial transactions\n1. The participants agree:\n\n\n\n\n\n\n(a)\n\n\nIn cooperation with FAO and other interested organizations, to foster recognition of the value of dairy products in improving nutritional levels and of ways and means through which they may be made available for the benefit of developing countries. (b)\n\n\nIn accordance with the objectives of this Arrangement, to furnish, within the limits of their possibilities, dairy products to developing countries by way of food aid. Participants should notify the Council in advance each year, as far as practicable, of the scale, quantities and destinations of their proposed contributions of such food aid. Participants should also give, if possible, prior notification to the Council of any proposed amendments to the notified programme. It would be understood that contributions could be made bilaterally or through joint projects or through multilateral programmes, particularly the World Food Programme. (c)\n\n\nRecognizing the desirability of harmonizing their efforts in this field, as well as the need to avoid harmful interference with normal patterns of production, consumption and international trade, to exchange views in the Council on their arrangements for the supply and requirements of dairy products as food aid or on concessional terms. 2. Donated exports to developing countries, exports destined for relief purposes or welfare purposes in developing countries, and other transactions which are not normal commercial transactions shall be effected in accordance with the FAO \u2018Principles of surplus disposal and consultative obligations\u2019. Consequently, the Council shall cooperate closely with the Consultative Subcommittee on Surplus Disposal. 3. The Council shall, in accordance with conditions and modalities that it will establish, upon request, discuss, and consult on, all transactions other than normal commercial transactions and other than those covered by the Agreement on interpretation and application of Articles VI, XVI and XXIII of the General Agreement on tariffs and trade. PART TWO\n\nSPECIFIC PROVISIONS\n\nArticle VI\nProtocols\n1. Without prejudice to the provisions of Articles I to V of this Arrangement, the products listed below shall be subject to the provisions of the Protocols annexed to this Arrangement:\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAnnex I:\n\n\n\nProtocol regarding certain milk powders\n\nMilk powder and cream powder, excluding whey powder\n\n\n\n\nAnnex II:\n\n\n\nProtocol regarding milk fat\n\nMilk fat\n\n\n\n\nAnnex III:\n\n\n\nProtocol regarding certain cheeses\n\nCertain cheeses\n\n\n\n\nPART THREE\n\nADMINISTRATION OF THE ARRANGEMENT\n\nArticle VII\n\n\n\n\n\n\n(a)\n\n\nAn International Dairy Products Council shall be established within the framework of the GATT. The Council shall comprise representatives of all participants to the Arrangement and shall carry out all the functions which are necessary to implement the provisions of the Arrangement. The Council shall be serviced by the GATT secretariat. The Council shall establish its own rules of procedure. (b)\n\n\n\nRegular and special meetings\n\nThe Council shall normally meet at least twice each year. However, the chairman may call a special meeting of the Council either on his own initiative, at the request of the Committees established under paragraph 2 (a) of this Article, or at the request of a participant to this Arrangement. (c)\n\n\n\nDecisions\n\nThe Council shall reach its decisions by consensus. The Council shall be deemed to have decided on a matter submitted for its consideration if no member of the Council formally objects to the acceptance of a proposal. (d)\n\n\n\nCooperation with other organizations\n\nThe Council shall make whatever arrangements are appropriate for consultation or cooperation with intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations. (e)\n\n\n\nAdmission of observers\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n(i)\n\n\nThe Council may invite any non-participating country to be represented at any meeting as an observer. (ii)\n\n\nThe Council may also invite any of the organizations referred to in paragraph 1 (d) of this Article to attend any meeting as an observer. (a)\n\n\nThe Council shall establish a Committee to carry out all the functions which are necessary to implement the provisions of the Protocol regarding certain milk powders, a Committee to carry out all the functions which are necessary to implement the provisions of the Protocol regarding milk fat and a Committee to carry out all the functions which are necessary to implement the provisions of the Protocol regarding certain cheeses. Each of these Committees shall comprise representatives of all participants to the relevant Protocol. The Committees shall be serviced by the GATT secretariat. They shall report to the Council on the exercise of their functions. (b)\n\n\n\nExamination of the market situation\n\nThe Council shall make the necessary arrangements, determining the modalities for the information to be furnished under Article III of this Arrangement, so that\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\u2014\n\n\nthe Committee of the Protocol regarding certain milk powders may keep under constant review the situation in and the evolution of the international market for the products covered by this Protocol, and the conditions under which the provisions of this Protocol are applied by participants, taking into account the evolution of prices in international trade in each of the other dairy products having implications for the trade in products covered by this Protocol,\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\u2014\n\n\nthe Committee of the Protocol regarding milk fat may keep under constant review the situation in and the evolution of the international market for the products covered by this Protocol, and the conditions under which the provisions of this Protocol are applied by participants, taking into account the evolution of prices in international trade in each of the other dairy products having implications for the trade in products covered by this Protocol,\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\u2014\n\n\nthe Committee of the Protocol regarding certain cheeses may keep under constant review the situation in and the evolution of the international market for the products covered by this Protocol, and the conditions under which the provisions of this Protocol are applied by participants, taking into account the evolution of prices in international trade in each of the other dairy products having implications for the trade in products covered by this Protocol. (c)\n\n\n\nRegular and special meetings\n\nEach Committee shall normally meet at least once each quarter. However, the chairman of each Committee may call a special meeting of the Committee on his own. initiative or at the request of any participant. (d)\n\n\n\nDecisions\n\nEach Committee shall reach its decisions by consensus. A Committee shall be deemed to have decided on a matter submitted for its consideration if no member of the Committee formally objects to the acceptance of a proposal. PART FOUR\n\nFINAL PROVISIONS\n\nArticle VIII\n\n\n\n\n\n\n(a)\n\n\nThis Arrangement is open for acceptance, by signature or otherwise, by governments members of the United Nations, or of one of its specialized agencies and by the European Economic Community. (b)\n\n\nAny government\u00a0(5) accepting this Arrangement may at the time of acceptance make a reservation with regard to its acceptance of any of the Protocols annexed to the Arrangement. This reservation is subject to the approval of the participants. (c)\n\n\nThis Arrangement shall be deposited with the Director-General to the Contracting Parties to the GATT who shall promptly furnish a certified copy thereof and a notification of each acceptance thereof to each participant. The texts of this Arrangement in the English, French and Spanish languages shall all be equally authentic. (d)\n\n\nAcceptance of this Arrangement shall carry denunciation of the Arrangement concerning certain dairy products, done at Geneva on 12 January 1970 which entered into force on 14 May 1970, for participants having accepted that Arrangement and denunciation of the Protocol relating to milk fat, done at Geneva on 2 April 1973 which entered into force on 14 May 1973, for participants having accepted that Protocol. Such denunciation shall take effect on the date of entry into force of this Arrangement. Any government may deposit with the Director-General to the Contracting Parties to the GATT a declaration of provisional application of this Arrangement. Any government depositing such a declaration shall provisionally apply this Arrangement and be provisionally regarded as participating in this Arrangement. (a)\n\n\nThis Arrangement shall enter into force, for those participants having accepted it, on 1 January 1980. For participants accepting this Arrangement after that date, it shall be effective from the date of their acceptance. (b)\n\n\nThe validity of contracts entered into before the date of entry into force of this Arrangement is not affected by this Arrangement. This Arrangement shall remain in force for three years. The duration of this Arrangement shall be extended for further periods of three years at a time, unless the Council, at least 80 days prior to each date of expiry, decides otherwise. Except where provision for modification is made elsewhere in this Arrangement the Council may recommend an amendment to the provisions of this Arrangement. The proposed amendment shall enter into force upon acceptance by the governments of all participants. The following shall be deemed to be an integral part of this Arrangement, subject to the provisions of paragraph 1 (b) of this Article:\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\u2014\n\n\nthe Protocols mentioned in Article VI of this Arrangement and contained in its Annexes I, II and III,\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\u2014\n\n\nthe lists of reference points mentioned in Article 2 of the Protocol regarding certain milk powders, Article 2 of the Protocol regarding milk fat, and Article 2 of the Protocol regarding certain cheeses, contained in Annexes Ia, IIa and IIIa respectively,\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\u2014\n\n\nthe schedules of price differentials according to milk fat content mentioned in Article 3 (4), note 3 of the Protocol regarding certain milk powders and Article 3 (4), note 1, of the Protocol regarding milk fat, contained in Annexes Ib and IIb respectively,\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\u2014\n\n\nthe register of processes and control measures referred to in Article 3 (5) of the Protocol regarding Certain milk powders, contained in Annex Ic. Nothing in this Arrangement shall affect the rights and obligations of participants under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade\u00a0(6). (a)\n\n\nAny participant may withdraw from this Arrangement. Such withdrawal shall take effect upon the expiration of 60 days from the day on which written notice of withdrawal is received by the Director-General to the Contracting Parties to the GATT. (b)\n\n\nSubject to such conditions as may be agreed upon by the participants, any participant may withdraw from any of the Protocols annexed to this Arrangement. Such withdrawal shall take effect upon the expiration of 60 days from the day on which written notice of withdrawal is received by the Director-General to the Contracting Parties to the GATT. (1)\u00a0\u00a0In this Arrangement and in the Protocols annexed thereto, the term \u2018country\u2019 is deemed to include the European Economic Community. (2)\u00a0\u00a0This preambular provision applies only among participants that are Contracting Parties to the GATT. (3)\u00a0\u00a0It is confirmed that the term \u2018matter\u2019 in this paragraph includes any matter which is covered by multilateral agreements negotiated within the framework of the multilateral trade negotiations, in particular those bearing on export and import measures. It is further confirmed that the provisions of Article IV (5) and this footnote are without prejudice to the rights and obligations of the parties to such agreements. (4)\u00a0\u00a0The terms \u2018acceptance\u2019 or \u2018accepted\u2019 as used in this Article include the completion of any domestic procedures necessary to implement the provisions of this Arrangement. (5)\u00a0\u00a0For the purpose of this Arrangement, the term \u2018government\u2019 is deemed to include the competent authorities of the European Economic Community. (6)\u00a0\u00a0This provision applies only among participants that are Contracting Parties to the GATT. ANNEX I\nPROTOCOL REGARDING CERTAIN MILK POWDERS\nPART ONE\nArticle 1\nProduct coverage\nThis Protocol applies to milk powder and cream powder falling under CCCN heading No 04. 02, excluding whey powder. PART TWO\nArticle 2\nPilot products\n1. For the purpose of this Protocol, minimum export prices shall be established for the pilot products of the following descriptions:\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n(a)\n\n\nDesignation:\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nSkimmed-milk powder\n\n\n\n\n\nMilk fat content:\n\n\nLess than or equal to 1. 5 % by weight\n\n\n\n\nWater content:\n\n\nLess than or equal to 5 % by weight\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n(b)\n\n\nDesignation:\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nWhole milk powder\n\n\n\n\n\nMilk fat content:\n\n\n26 % by weight\n\n\n\n\nWater content:\n\n\nLess than or equal to 5 % by weight\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n(c)\n\n\nDesignation:\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nButtermilk powder\n\u00a0(1)\n\n\n\n\n\nMilk fat content:\n\n\nLess than or equal to 11 % by weight\n\n\n\n\nWater content:\n\n\nLess than or equal to 5 % by weight\n\n\n\n\nPackaging:\n\n\nIn packages normally used in the trade, of a net content by weight of not less than 25 kg, or 50 lbs, as appropriate\n\n\n\n\nTerms of sale:\n\n\nFob ocean-going vessels from the exporting country or free-at-frontier exporting country. By derogation from this provision, reference points are designated for the countries listed in Annex Ia. The Committee established in pursuance of Article VII (2) (a) of the Arrangement (hereinafter referred to as \u2018the Committee\u2019) may amend the contents of that Annex. Prompt payment against documents. Article 3\nMinimum prices\n1. Participants undertake to take the steps necessary to ensure that the export prices of the products defined in Article 2 of this Protocol shall not be less than the minimum prices applicable under the present Protocol. If the products are exported in the form of goods in which they have been incorporated, participants shall take the steps necessary to avoid the circumvention of the price provisions of this Protocol. 2. (a)\n\n\nThe minimum price levels set out in the present Article take account, in particular, of the current market situation, dairy prices in producing participants, the need to ensure an appropriate relationship between the minimum prices established in the Protocols to the present Arrangement, the need to ensure equitable prices to consumers, and the desirability of maintaining a minimum return to the most efficient producers in order to ensure stability of supply over the longer term. (b)\n\n\nThe minimum prices provided for in paragraph 1 of the present Article applicable at the date of entry into force of this Protocol are fixed at:\n\n\n\n\n\n\n(i)\n\n\nUS$ 425 per tonne for the skimmed-milk powder defined in Article 2 of this Protocol;\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n(ii)\n\n\nUS$ 725 per tonne for the whole milk powder defined in Article 2 of this Protocol;\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n(iii)\n\n\nUS$ 425 per tonne for the buttermilk powder defined in Article 2 of this Protocol. 3. (a)\n\n\nThe levels of the minimum prices specified in the present Article can be modified by the Committee, taking into account, on the one hand, the results of the operation of the Protocol and, on the other hand, the evolution of the situation of the international market. (b)\n\n\nThe levels of the minimum prices specified in the present Article shall be subject to review at least once a year by the Committee. The Committee shall meet in September of each year for this purpose. In undertaking this review the Committee shall take account in particular, to the extent relevant and necessary, of costs faced by producers, other relevant economic factors of the world market, the need to maintain a long-term minimum return to the most economic producers, the need to maintain stability of supply and to ensure acceptable prices to consumers, and the current market situation and shall have regard to the desirability of improving the relationship between the levels of the minimum prices set out in paragraph 2 (b) of the present Article and the dairy support levels in the major producing participants. 4. If the products actually exported differ from the pilot products in respect of the fat content, packaging or terms of sale, the minimum prices shall be adjusted so as to protect the minimum prices established in this Protocol for the products specified in Article 2 of this Protocol according to the following provisions:\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\u2014\n\n\nMilk fat content:\nIf the milk fat content of the milk powders described in Article 1 of the present Protocol excluding buttermilk powder\u00a0(2) differs from the milk fat content of the pilot products as defined in Article 2 (1) (a) and (b) of the present Protocol, then for each full percentage point of milk fat as from 2 %, there shall be an upward adjustment of the minimum prices in proportion to the difference between the minimum prices established for the pilot products defined in Article 2(1) (a) and (b) of the present Protocol\u00a0(3). \u2014\n\n\nPackaging:\nIf the products are offered otherwise than in packages normally used in the trade, of a net content by weight of not less than 25 kg or 50 lbs, as appropriate, the minimum prices shall be adjusted so as to reflect the difference in the cost of packaging from the type of package specified above. \u2014\n\n\nTerms of sale:\nIf sold on terms other than fob from the exporting country or free-at-frontier exporting country\u00a0(4), the minimum prices shall be calculated on the basis of the minimum fob prices specified in paragraph 2 (b) of this Article, plus the real and justified costs of the services provided; if the terms of the sale include credit, this shall be charged for at the prevailing commercial rates in the country concerned. 5. By derogation from the provisions of paragraphs 1 to 4 of this Article participants may, under the conditions defined below, export or import, as the case may be, skimmed-milk powder and buttermilk powder for purposes of animal feed at prices below the minimum prices provided for in this Protocol for these products. Participants may make use of this possibility only to the extent that they subject the products exported or imported to the processes and control measures which will be applied in the country of export or destination so as to ensure that the skimmed-milk powder and buttermilk powder thus exported or imported are used exclusively for animal feed. These processes and control measures shall have been approved by the Committee and recorded in a register established by it\u00a0(5). Participants wishing to make use of the provisions of this paragraph shall give advance notification of their intention to do so to the Committee which shall meet, at the request of a participant, to examine the market situation. The participants shall furnish the necessary information concerning their transactions in respect of skimmed-milk powder and buttermilk powder for purposes of animal feed, so that the Committee may follow developments in this sector and periodically make forecasts concerning the evolution of this trade. 6. Participants undertake within the limit of their institutional possibilities to ensure that practices such as those referred to in Article 4 of this Protocol do not have the effect of directly or indirectly bringing the export prices of the products subject to the minimum price provisions below the agreed minimum prices. 7. For each participant, this Protocol is applicable to exports of the products specified in Article 1 of this Protocol manufactured or repacked inside its own customs territory. 8. The provisions of paragraphs 1 to 7 of this Article shall not be regarded as applying to donated exports to developing countries or to exports destined for relief purposes or food-related development purposes, or welfare purposes in developing countries. Article 4\nProvision of information\nIn cases where prices in international trade of the products covered by Article 1 of this Protocol are approaching the minimum prices mentioned in Article 3 (2) (b) of this Protocol, and without prejudice to the provisions of Article III of the Arrangement, participants shall notify to the Committee all the relevant elements for evaluating their own market situation and, in particular, credit or loan practices, twinning with other products, barter or three-sided transactions, refunds or rebates, exclusivity contracts, packaging costs and details of the packaging, so that the Committee can make a verification. Article 5\nObligations of exporting participants\nExporting participants agree to use their best endeavours, in accordance with their institutional possibilities, to supply on a priority basis the normal commercial requirements of developing importing participants, especially those used for food-related development purposes and welfare purposes. Article 6\nCooperation of importing participants\n1. Participants which import products covered by Article 1 of this Protocol undertake in particular:\n\n\n\n\n\n\n(a)\n\n\nto cooperate in implementing the minimum prices objective of this Protocol and to ensure, as far as possible, that the products covered by Article 1 of this Protocol are not imported at less than the appropriate customs valuation equivalent to the prescribed minimum prices;\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n(b)\n\n\nwithout prejudice to the provisions of Article III of the Arrangement and Article 4 of this Protocol, to supply information concerning imports of products covered by Article 1 of this Protocol from non-participants;\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n(c)\n\n\nto consider sympathetically proposals for appropriate remedial action if imports at prices inconsistent with the minimum prices threaten the operation of this Protocol. 2. Paragraph 1 of this Article shall not apply to imports of skimmed-milk powder and buttermilk powder for purposes of animal feed, provided that such imports are subject to the measures and procedures provided for in Article 3 (5) of this Protocol. PART THREE\nArticle 7\nDerogations\nUpon request by a participant, the Committee shall have the authority to grant derogations from the provisions of Article 3 (1) to (5) of this Protocol in order to remedy difficulties which observance of minimum prices could cause certain participants. The Committee shall pronounce on such a request within three months from the date of the request. Article 8\nEmergency action\nAny participant, which considers that its interests are seriously endangered by a country not bound by this Protocol, can request the chairman of the Committee to convene an emergency meeting of the Committee within two working days to determine and decide whether measures would be required to meet the situation. If such a meeting cannot be arranged within the two working days and the commercial interests of the participant concerned are likely to be materially prejudiced, that participant may take unilateral action to safeguard its position, on the condition that any other participants likely to be affected are immediately notified. The chairman of the Committee shall also be formally advised immediately of the full circumstances of the case and shall be requested to call a special meeting of the Committee at the earliest possible moment. (1)\u00a0\u00a0Derived from the manufacture of butter and anhydrous milk fat. (2)\u00a0\u00a0As defined in Article 2 (1) (c) of this Protocol. (3)\u00a0\u00a0See Annex Ib, \u2018Schedule of price differentials according to milk fat content\u2019. (4)\u00a0\u00a0See Article 2. (5)\u00a0\u00a0See Annex Ic, \u2018Register of Processes and Control Measures\u2019. It is understood that exporters would be permitted to ship skimmed-milk powder and buttermilk powder for animal feed purposes in an unaltered state to importers which have had their processes and control measures inserted in the Register. In this case, exporters would inform the Committee of their intention to ship unaltered skimmed-milk powder and/or buttermilk powder for animal feed purposes to those importers which have their processes and control measures registered. ANNEX Ia\nList of reference points\nIn accordance with the provisions of Article 2 of this Protocol, the following reference points are designated for the countries listed below:\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAustria:\n\n\n\nAntwerp, Hamburg, Rotterdam\n\n\n\n\n\nFinland:\n\n\n\nAntwerp, Hamburg, Rotterdam\n\n\n\n\n\nNorway:\n\n\n\nAntwerp, Hamburg, Rotterdam\n\n\n\n\n\nSweden:\n\n\n\nAntwerp, Hamburg, Rotterdam\n\n\n\n\n\nPoland:\n\n\n\nAntwerp, Hamburg, Rotterdam\n\n\n\n\n\n\nANNEX Ib\nSchedule of price differentials according to milk fat content\n\n\n\n\n\n\nMilk fat content %\n\n\nMinimum price US$/tonne\n\n\n\n\nLess than 2\n\n\n425\n\n\n\n\nEqual to or more than 2, less than 3\n\n\n437\n\n\n\n\nEqual to or more than 3, less than 4\n\n\n449\n\n\n\n\nEqual to or more than 4, less than 5\n\n\n461\n\n\n\n\nEqual to or more than 5, less than 6\n\n\n473\n\n\n\n\nEqual to or more than 6, less than 7\n\n\n485\n\n\n\n\nEqual to or more than 7, less than 8\n\n\n497\n\n\n\n\nEqual to or more than 8, less than 9\n\n\n509\n\n\n\n\nEqual to or more than 9, less than 10\n\n\n521\n\n\n\n\nEqual to or more than 10, less than 11\n\n\n533\n\n\n\n\nEqual to or more than 11, less than 12\n\n\n545\n\n\n\n\nEqual to or more than 12, less than 13\n\n\n557\n\n\n\n\nEqual to or more than 13, less than 14\n\n\n569\n\n\n\n\nEqual to or more than 14, less than 15\n\n\n581\n\n\n\n\nEqual to or more than 15, less than 16\n\n\n593\n\n\n\n\nEqual to or more than 16, less than 17\n\n\n605\n\n\n\n\nEqual to or more than 17, less than 18\n\n\n617\n\n\n\n\nEqual to or more than 18, less than 19\n\n\n629\n\n\n\n\nEqual to or more than 19, less than 20\n\n\n641\n\n\n\n\nEqual to or more than 20, less than 21\n\n\n653\n\n\n\n\nEqual to or more than 21, less than 22\n\n\n665\n\n\n\n\nEqual to or more than 22, less than 23\n\n\n677\n\n\n\n\nEqual to or more than 23, less than 24\n\n\n689\n\n\n\n\nEqual to or more than 24, less than 25\n\n\n701\n\n\n\n\nEqual to or more than 25, less than 26\n\n\n713\n\n\n\n\nEqual to or more than 26, less than 27\n\n\n725\n\n\n\n\nEqual to or more than 27, less than 28\n\n\n737\n\n\n\n\nEqual to or more than. less than. ANNEX Ic\nRegister of processes and control measures\nIn accordance with the provisions of Article 3 (5) of this Protocol, the following processes and control measures\u00a0(1) are approved for the participants listed below:\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\u00a0\n\n\nAustralia\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\u00a0\n\n\nAustria\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\u00a0\n\n\nCanada\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\u00a0\n\n\nEuropean Economic Community\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\u00a0\n\n\nFinland\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\u00a0\n\n\nJapan\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\u00a0\n\n\nNew Zealand\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\u00a0\n\n\nNorway\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\u00a0\n\n\nSpain\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\u00a0\n\n\nSwitzerland\n\n\n\n\n\n\n(1)\u00a0\u00a0The processes and control measures are not included here. They may be consulted in the certified text of the International Dairy Arrangement which is available in the General Secretariat of the Council of the European Communities. ANNEX II\nPROTOCOL REGARDING MILK FAT\nPART ONE\nArticle 1\nProduct coverage\n1. This Protocol applies to milk fat falling under CCCN heading No 04. 03, having a milk fat content equal to or greater than 50 % by weight. PART TWO\nArticle 2\nPilot products\nFor the purpose of this Protocol, minimum export prices shall be established for the pilot products of the following descriptions:\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n(a)\n\n\nDesignation:\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAnhydrous milk fat\n\n\n\n\n\nMilk fat content:\n\n\n99\u03875 % by weight;\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n(b)\n\n\nDesignation:\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nButter\n\n\n\n\n\nMilk fat content:\n\n\n80 % by weight;\n\n\n\n\nPackaging:\n\n\nIn packages normally used in the trade, of a net content by weight of not less than 25 kg or 50 lbs as appropriate. Terms of sale:\n\n\nFob from the exporting country or free-at-frontier exporting country. By derogation from this provision reference points are designated for the countries listed in Annex IIa. The Committee established in pursuance of Article VII (2) (a) of the Arrangement (hereinafter referred to as the Committee) may amend the contents of that Annex. Prompt payment against documents. Article 3\nMinimum prices\n1. Participants undertake to take the steps necessary to ensure that the export prices of the products defined in Article 2 of this Protocol shall not be less than the minimum prices applicable under the present Protocol. If the products are exported in the form of goods in which they have been incorporated, participants shall take the steps necessary to avoid the circumvention of the price provisions of this Protocol. 2. (a)\n\n\nThe minimum price levels set out in the present Article take account, in particular, of the current market situation, dairy prices in producing participants, the need to ensure an appropriate relationship between the minimum prices established in the Protocols to the present Arrangement, the need to ensure equitable prices to consumers, and the desirability of maintaining a minimum return to the most efficient producers in order to ensure stability of supply over the longer term. (b)\n\n\nThe minimum prices provided for in paragraph 1 of the present Article applicable at the date of entry into force of this Protocol are fixed at:\n\n\n\n\n\n\n(i)\n\n\nUS$ 1\u00a0100 per tonne for the anhydrous milk fat defined in Article 2 of this Protocol. (ii)\n\n\nUS$ 925 per tonne for the butter defined in Article 2 of this Protocol. 3. (a)\n\n\nThe levels of the minimum prices specified in the present Article can be modified by the Committee, taking into account, on the one hand, the results of the operation of the Protocol and, on the other hand, the evolution of the situation of the international market. (b)\n\n\nThe levels of the minimum prices specified in the present Article shall be subject to review at least once a year by the Committee. The Committee shall meet in September of each year for this purpose. In undertaking this review the Committee shall take account in particular, to the extent relevant and necessary, of costs faced by producers, other relevant economic factors of the world market, the need to maintain a long-term minimum return to the most economic, producers, the need to maintain stability of supply and to ensure acceptable prices to consumers, and the current market situation and shall have regard to the desirability of improving the relationship between the levels of the minimum prices set out in paragraph 2 (b) of the present Article and the dairy support levels in the major producing participants. 4. If the products actually exported differ from the pilot products in respect of the fat content, packaging or terms of sale, the minimum prices shall be adjusted so as to protect the minimum prices established in this Protocol for the products specified in Article 2 of this Protocol according to the following provisions:\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\u2014\n\n\nMilk fat content:\nIf the milk fat content of the product defined in Article 1 of the present Protocol differs from the milk fat content of the pilot products as defined in Article 2 of the present Protocol then, if the milk fat content is equal to or greater than 82 % or less than 80 %, the minimum price of this product shall be, for each full percentage point by which the milk fat content is more than or less than 80 %, increased or reduced in proportion to the difference between the minimum prices established for the pilot products defined in Article 2 of the present Protocol\u00a0(1). \u2014\n\n\nPackaging:\nIf the products are offered otherwise than in packages normally used in the trade, of a net content by weight of not less than 25 kg or 50 lbs, as appropriate, the minimum prices shall be adjusted so as to reflect the difference in the cost of packaging from the type of package specified above. \u2014\n\n\nTerms of sale:\nIf sold on terms other than fob from the exporting country or free-at-frontier exporting country\u00a0(2), the minimum prices shall be calculated on the basis of the minimum fob prices specified in paragraph 2 (b) of this Article, plus the real and justified costs of the services provided; if the terms of the sale include credit, this shall be charged for at the prevailing commercial rates in the country concerned. 5. Participants undertake within the limit of their institutional possibilities to ensure that practices such as those referred to in Article 4 of this Protocol do not have the effect of directly or indirectly bringing the export prices of the products subject to the minimum price provisions below the agreed minimum prices. 6. For each participant, this Protocol is applicable to exports of the products specified in Article 1 of this Protocol manufactured or repacked inside its own customs territory. 7. The provisions of paragraphs 1 to 6 of this Article shall not be regarded as applying to donated exports to developing countries or to exports destined for relief purposes or food-related development purposes or welfare purposes in developing countries. Article 4\nProvision of information\nIn cases where prices in international trade of the products covered by Article 1 of this Protocol are approaching the minimum prices mentioned in Article 3 (2) (b) of this Protocol, and without prejudice to the provisions of Article III of the Arrangement, participants shall notify to the Committee all the relevant elements for evaluating their own market situation and, in particular, credit or loan practices, twinning with other products, barter or three-sided transactions, refunds or rebates, exclusivity contracts, packaging costs and details of the packaging, so that the Committee can make a verification. Article 5\nObligations of exporting participants\nExporting participants agree to use their best endeavours, in accordance with their institutional possibilities, to supply on a priority basis the normal commercial requirements of developing importing participants, especially those used for food-related development purposes and welfare purposes. Article 6\nCooperation of importing participants\nParticipants which import products covered by Article 1 of this Protocol undertake in particular:\n\n\n\n\n\n\n(a)\n\n\nto cooperate in implementing the minimum prices objective of this Protocol and to ensure, as far as possible, that the products covered by Article 1 of this Protocol are not imported at less than the appropriate customs valuation equivalent to the prescribed minimum prices;\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n(b)\n\n\nwithout prejudice to the provisions of Article III of the Arrangement and Article 4 of this Protocol, to supply information concerning imports of products covered by Article 1 of this Protocol from non-participants;\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n(c)\n\n\nto consider sympathetically proposals for appropriate remedial action if imports at prices inconsistent with the minimum prices threaten the operation of this Protocol. PART THREE\nArticle 7\nDerogations\nUpon request by a participant, the Committee shall have the authority to grant derogations from the provisions of Article 3 (1) to (4) of this Protocol in order to remedy difficulties which observance of minimum prices could cause certain participants. The Committee shall pronounce on such a request within three months from the date of the request. Article 8\nEmergency action\nAny participant, which considers that its interests are seriously endangered by a country not bound by this Protocol, can request the chairman of the Committee to convene an emergency meeting of the Committee within two working days to determine and decide whether measures would be required to meet the situation. If such a meeting cannot be arranged within the two working days and the commercial interests of the participant concerned are likely to be materially prejudiced, that participant may take unilateral action to safeguard its position, on the condition that any other participants likely to be affected are immediately notified. The chairman of the Committee shall also be formally advised immediately of the full circumstances of the case and shall be requested to call a special meeting of the Committee at the earliest possible moment. (1)\u00a0\u00a0See Annex IIb, \u2018Schedule of price differentials according to milk fat content\u2019. (2)\u00a0\u00a0See Article 2. ANNEX IIa\nList of reference points\nIn accordance with the provisions of Article 2 of this Protocol, the following reference points are designated for the countries listed below:\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAustria:\n\n\n\nAntwerp, Hamburg, Rotterdam\n\n\n\n\n\nFinland:\n\n\n\nAntwerp, Hamburg, Rotterdam\nBasle: for butter exports to Switzerland\n\n\n\n\n\nNorway:\n\n\n\nAntwerp, Hamburg, Rotterdam\n\n\n\n\n\nSweden:\n\n\n\nAntwerp, Hamburg, Rotterdam\nBasle: for butter exports to Switzerland\n\n\n\n\n\n\nANNEX IIb\nSchedule of price differentials according to milk fat content\n\n\n\n\n\n\nMilk fat content %\n\n\nMinimum price\nUS$/tonne\n\n\n\n\nEqual to or more than. less than. Equal to or more than. less than. Equal to or more than 79, less than 80\n\n\n916\u038725\n\n\n\n\nEqual to or more than 80, less than 82\n\n\n925\n\n\n\n\nEqual to or more than 82, less than 83\n\n\n942\u038750\n\n\n\n\nEqual to or more than 83, less than 84\n\n\n951\u038725\n\n\n\n\nEqual to or more than 84, less than 85\n\n\n960\n\n\n\n\nEqual to or more than 85, less than 86\n\n\n968\u038775\n\n\n\n\nEqual to or more than 86, less than 87\n\n\n977\u038750\n\n\n\n\nEqual to or more than 87, less than 88\n\n\n986\u038725\n\n\n\n\nEqual to or more than 88, less than 89\n\n\n995\n\n\n\n\nEqual to or more than 89, less than 90\n\n\n,\n\n\n\n\nEqual to or more than 90, less than 91\n\n\n,\n\n\n\n\nEqual to or more than 91, less than 92\n\n\n,\n\n\n\n\nEqual to or more than 92, less than 93\n\n\n1\u00a0030\n\n\n\n\nEqual to or more than 93, less than 94\n\n\n,\n\n\n\n\nEqual to or more than 94, less than 95\n\n\n,\n\n\n\n\nEqual to or more than 95, less than 96\n\n\n,\n\n\n\n\nEqual to or more than 96, less than 97\n\n\n1\u00a0065\n\n\n\n\nEqual to or more than 97, less than 98\n\n\n,\n\n\n\n\nEqual to or more than 98, less than 99\n\n\n,\n\n\n\n\nEqual to or more than 99, less than 99\u03875\n\n\n,\n\n\n\n\nEqual to or more than 99\u03875\n\n\n1\u00a0100\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nANNEX III\nPROTOCOL REGARDING CERTAIN CHEESES\nPART ONE\nArticle 1\nProduct coverage\nThis Protocol applies to cheeses falling under CCCN heading No 04. 04, having a fat content in dry matter, by weight, equal to or more than 45 % and a dry matter content, by weight, equal to or more than 50 %. PART TWO\nArticle 2\nPilot product\n1. For the purpose of this Protocol, a minimum export price shall be established for the pilot product of the following description:\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\u2014\n\n\nDesignation:\n\n\n\n\n\n\nCheese. \u2014\n\n\nPackaging:\n\n\n\n\n\n\nIn packages normally used in the trade of a net content by weight of not less than 20 kg or 40 lbs, as appropriate. \u2014\n\n\nTerms of sale:\n\n\n\n\n\n\nFob from the exporting country or free-at-frontier exporting country. By derogation from this provision, reference points are designated for the countries listed in Annex IIIa. The Committee established in pursuance of Article VII (2) (a) of the Arrangement (hereinafter referred to as the Committee) may amend the contents of that Annex. Prompt payment against documents. Article 3\nMinimum price\n1. Participants undertake to take the steps necessary to ensure that the export prices of the products defined in Articles 1 and 2 of this Protocol shall not be less than the minimum price applicable under the present Protocol. If the products are exported in the form of goods in which they have been incorporated, participants shall take the steps necessary to avoid the circumvention of the price provisions of this Protocol. 2. (a)\n\n\nThe minimum price level set out in the present Article takes account, in particular, of the current market situation, dairy prices in producing participants, the need to ensure an appropriate relationship between the minimum prices established in the Protocols to the present Arrangement, the need to ensure equitable prices to consumers, arid the desirability of maintaining a minimum return to the most efficient producers in order to ensure stability of supply over the longer term. (b)\n\n\nThe minimum price provided for in paragraph 1 of the present Article applicable at the date of entry into force of this Protocol is fixed at US$ 800 per tonne. 3. (a)\n\n\nThe level of the minimum price specified in the present Article can be modified by the Committee, taking into account, on the one hand the results of the operation of the Protocol and, on the other hand, the evolution of the situation of the international market. (b)\n\n\nThe level of the minimum price specified in the present Article shall be subject to review at least once a year by the Committee. The Committee shall meet in September of each year for this purpose. In undertaking this review the Committee shall take account in particular, to the extent relevant and necessary, of costs faced by producers, other relevant economic factors of the world market, the need to maintain stability of supply and to ensure acceptable prices to consumers, and the current market situation and shall have regard to the desirability of improving the relationship between the level of the minimum price set out in paragraph 2 (b) of the present Article and the dairy support levels in the major producing participants. 4. If the products actually exported differ from the pilot product in respect of the packaging or terms of sale, the minimum price shall be adjusted so as to protect the minimum price established in this Protocol, according to the following provisions:\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\u2014\n\n\nPackaging:\nIf the products are offered otherwise than in packages as specified in Article 2, the minimum price shall be adjusted so as to reflect the difference in the cost of packaging from the type of package specified above. \u2014\n\n\nTerms of sale:\nIf sold on terms other than fob from the exporting country or free-at-frontier exporting country\u00a0(1), the minimum price shall be calculated on the basis of the minimum fob price specified in paragraph 2 (b) of this Article, plus the real and justified costs of the services provided; if the terms of the sale include credit, this shall be charged for at the prevailing commercial rates in the country concerned. 5. Participants undertake within the limit of their institutional possibilities to ensure that practices such as those referred to in Article 4 of this Protocol do not have the effect of directly or indirectly bringing the export prices of the products subject to the minimum price provisions below the agreed minimum price. 6. For each participant, this Protocol is applicable to exports of the products specified in Article 1 of this Protocol manufactured or repacked inside its own customs territory. 7. The provisions of paragraphs 1 to 6 of this Article shall not be regarded as applying to donated exports to developing countries or to exports destined for relief purposes or food-related development purposes or welfare purposes in developing countries. Article 4\nProvisions of information\nIn cases where prices in international trade of the products covered by Article 1 of this Protocol are approaching the minimum price mentioned in Article 3 (2) (b) of this Protocol and without prejudice to the provisions of Article III of the Arrangement, participants shall notify to the Committee all the relevant elements for evaluating their own market situation and, in particular, credit or loan practices, twinning with other products, barter or three-sided transactions, refunds or rebates, exclusivity contracts, packaging costs and details of the packaging, so that the Committee can make a verification. Article 5\nObligations of exporting participants\nExporting participants agree to use their best endeavours, in accordance with their institutional possibilities, to supply on a priority basis the normal commercial requirements of developing importing participants, especially those used for food-related development purposes and welfare purposes. Article 6\nCooperation of importing participants\nParticipants which import products covered by Article 1 of this Protocol undertake in particular:\n\n\n\n\n\n\n(a)\n\n\nto cooperate in implementing the minimum price objective of this Protocol and to ensure, as far as possible, that the products covered by Article 1 of this Protocol are not imported at less than the appropriate customs valuation equivalent to the prescribed minimum price;\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n(b)\n\n\nwithout prejudice to the provisions of Article III of the Arrangement and Article 4 of this Protocol, to supply information concerning imports of products covered by Article 1 of this Protocol from non-participants;\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n(c)\n\n\nto consider sympathetically proposals for appropriate remedial action if imports at prices inconsistent with the minimum price threaten the operation of this Protocol. PART THREE\nArticle 7\nDerogations\n1. Upon request by a participant, the Committee shall have the authority to grant derogations from the provisions of Article3 (1) to (4) of this Protocol in order to remedy difficulties which observance of minimum prices could cause certain participants. The Committee shall pronounce on such a request within 30 days from the date of the request. 2. The provisions of Article 3 (1) to (4) shall not apply to exports, in exceptional circumstances, of small quantities of natural unprocessed cheese which would be below normal export quality as a result of deterioration or production faults. Participants exporting such cheese shall notify the GATT secretariat in advance of their intention to do so. Participants shall also notify the Committee quarterly of all sales of cheese effected under the provisions of this paragraph, specifying in respect of each transaction, the quantities, prices and destinations involved. Article 8\nEmergency action\nAny participant, which considers that its interests are seriously endangered by a country not bound by this Protocol, can request the chairman of the Committee to convene an emergency meeting of the Committee within two working days to determine and decide whether measures would be required to meet the situation. If such a meeting cannot be arranged within the two working days and the commercial interests of the participant concerned are likely to be materially prejudiced, that participant may take unilateral action to safeguard its position, on the condition that any other participants likely to be affected are immediately notified. The chairman of the Committee shall also be formerly advised immediately of the full circumstances of the case and shall be requested to call a special meeting of the Committee at the earliest possible moment. (1)\u00a0\u00a0See Article 2. ANNEX IIIa\nList of reference points\nIn accordance with the provisions of Article 2 of this Protocol, the following reference points are designated for the countries listed below:\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAustria:\n\n\n\nAntwerp, Hamburg, Rotterdam\n\n\n\n\n\nFinland:\n\n\n\nAntwerp, Hamburg, Rotterdam\n\n\n\n\n\nNorway:\n\n\n\nAntwerp, Hamburg, Rotterdam\n\n\n\n\n\nSweden:\n\n\n\nAntwerp, Hamburg, Rotterdam\n\n\n\n\n\nPoland:\n\n\n\nAntwerp, Hamburg, Rotterdam"}
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