diff --git "a/36_years1993-01.jsonl" "b/36_years1993-01.jsonl"
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+{"cellarURIs": "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/74a21626-065a-4072-93be-33e18281e336", "title": "93/98/EEC: Council Decision of 1 February 1993 on the conclusion, on behalf of the Community, of the Convention on the control of transboundary movements of hazardous wastes and their disposal (Basel Convention)", "langIdentifier": "ENG", "mtypes": "fmx4,html,pdfa1b,print,xhtml", "workTypes": "http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#decision,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#legislation_secondary,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#resource_legal,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#work", "authors": "Council of the European Union", "date": "1993-02-01", "subjects": "cross-border transport,dangerous substance,environmental protection,international convention,waste disposal,waste management", "workIds": "celex:31993D0098", "eurovoc_concepts": ["cross-border transport", "dangerous substance", "environmental protection", "international convention", "waste disposal", "waste management"], "url": "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/74a21626-065a-4072-93be-33e18281e336", "lang": "eng", "formats": ["fmx4", "html", "pdfa1b", "print", "xhtml"], "text": "L_1993039EN. 01000101. xml\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n16. 2. 1993\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\n\n\nEN\n\n\nOfficial Journal of the European Communities\n\n\nL 39/1\n\n\n\n\n\nCOUNCIL DECISION\nof 1 February 1993\non the conclusion, on behalf of the Community, of the Convention on the control of transboundary movements of hazardous wastes and their disposal (Basel Convention)\n(93/98/EEC)\nTHE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES,\nHaving regard to the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community, and in particular Article 130s thereof,\nHaving regard to the proposal from the Commission,\nHaving regard to the opinion of the European Parliament\u00a0(1),\nHaving regard to the opinion of the Economic and Social\u00a0(2),\nWhereas, by virtue of a Council Decision of 28 October 1988, the Commission participated on behalf of the Community, in consultation with the representatives of the Member States, in the negotiation in the ad hoc working group meetings under the auspices of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) with a view to preparing a Global Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Waste;\nWhereas, as a result of those negotiations, on 22 March 1989 the Basel Convention on the control of transboundary movements of hazardous wastes and their disposal was adopted and then signed by the Community on the basis of the mandate conferred by a Council Decision of 21 March 1989;\nWhereas the Convention aims to help protect the environment in the area of waste through more stringent control of transboundary movements of hazardous wastes and other waste and through ecologically sound management thereof; whereas, in this respect, it determines procedures for controls on imports, exports and transit;\nWhereas the Council, by adopting Regulation (EEC) No 259/93 of 1 February 1993 on the supervision and control of shipments of waste, within, into and out of the European Community\u00a0(3), has established rules to curtail and to control such movements; whereas these rules are designed, inter alia, to make the existing Community system for the supervision and control of waste movements comply with the requirements of the Basel Convention and the Fourth ACP-EEC Convention;\nWhereas, pursuant to its Articles 22 and 23, the Basel Convention is open for ratification, acceptance or approval and accession by States and for formal confirmation or approval by political and/or economic integration organizations,\nHAS DECIDED AS FOLLOWS:\nArticle 1\nThe Convention on the control of transboundary movements of hazardous wastes and their disposal, as adopted in Basel on 22 March 1989, is hereby approved on behalf of the European Economic Community. The text of the Convention is attached to this Decision. Article 2\n1. The President of the Council shall, on behalf of the Community, deposit the instrument of approval with the Secretary-General of the United Nations, as provided for by Article 22 of the Convention\u00a0(4). 2. The President shall deposit at the same time the declaration of competence annexed to this Decision in conformity with Article 22 (3) of this Convention. Article 3\nThis Decision shall be published in the Official Journal of the European Communities. Done at Brussels, 1 February 1993. For the Council\n\n\nThe President\n\nN. HELVEG PETERSEN\n\n\n\n\n(1)\u00a0\u00a0OJ No C 72, 18. 3. 1991, p. 67. (2)\u00a0\u00a0OJ No C 31, 6. 2. 1991, p. 27. (3)\u00a0\u00a0OJ No L 30, 6. 2. 1993, p. 1. (4)\u00a0\u00a0The date of entry into force for the Community of the Convention will be published in the Official Journal of the European Communities by the General Secretariat of the Council"}
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+{"cellarURIs": "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/8bc4fece-d3c0-4626-96ec-1ba414ef2d8e", "title": "93/181/EEC: Commission Decision of 29 January 1993 concerning animal health conditions and veterinary certificates for the importation of domestic animals of the bovine species and health protection measures in respect of imports of domestic animals of the porcine species from Latvia", "langIdentifier": "ENG", "mtypes": "html,pdfa1b,print", "workTypes": "http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#decision,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#legislation_secondary,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#resource_legal,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#work", "authors": "European Commission", "date": "1993-01-29", "subjects": "USSR,cattle,health certificate,import,republic,veterinary inspection", "workIds": "celex:31993D0181,oj:JOL_1993_078_R_0001_010", "eurovoc_concepts": ["USSR", "cattle", "health certificate", "import", "republic", "veterinary inspection"], "url": "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/8bc4fece-d3c0-4626-96ec-1ba414ef2d8e", "lang": "eng", "formats": ["html", "pdfa1b", "print"]}
+{"cellarURIs": "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/4d952aab-b803-4580-a9a1-cf2103f2ac9e", "title": "93/182/EEC: Commission Decision of 29 January 1993 concerning animal health conditions and veterinary certificates for the importation of domestic animals of the bovine species and health protection measures in respect of imports of domestic animals of the porcine species from Slovenia", "langIdentifier": "ENG", "mtypes": "html,pdfa1b,print", "workTypes": "http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#decision,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#legislation_secondary,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#resource_legal,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#work", "authors": "European Commission", "date": "1993-01-29", "subjects": "USSR,cattle,health certificate,import,republic,veterinary inspection", "workIds": "celex:31993D0182,oj:JOL_1993_078_R_0011_011", "eurovoc_concepts": ["USSR", "cattle", "health certificate", "import", "republic", "veterinary inspection"], "url": "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/4d952aab-b803-4580-a9a1-cf2103f2ac9e", "lang": "eng", "formats": ["html", "pdfa1b", "print"]}
+{"cellarURIs": "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/5d6cb4eb-6689-4019-9ffa-9d626c963796", "title": "Proposal for a Council Regulation (EEC) amending Regulation (EEC) No 1785/81 on the common organization of the markets in the sugar sector", "langIdentifier": "ENG", "mtypes": "pdf,pdfa1b,print", "workTypes": "http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#act_preparatory,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#proposal_act,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#proposal_regulation_ec,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#resource_legal,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#work", "authors": "European Commission", "date": "1993-01-29", "subjects": "agricultural quota,cane sugar,common organisation of markets,marketing year,production aid,sugar", "workIds": "celex:51992PC0573,comnat:COM_1992_0573_FIN,oj:JOC_1993_030_R_0012_01", "eurovoc_concepts": ["agricultural quota", "cane sugar", "common organisation of markets", "marketing year", "production aid", "sugar"], "url": "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/5d6cb4eb-6689-4019-9ffa-9d626c963796", "lang": "eng", "formats": ["pdf", "pdfa1b", "print"], "text": "COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES \n\nC0M(92) 573 final \n\nBrussels, 23 December 1992 \n\nProposal for a \n\nCOUNCIL REGULATION (EEC) \n\namending Regulation (EEC) No 1785/81 on the common organization \n\nof the markets in the sugar sector \n\n(presented by the Commission) \n\n\f- 2 -\n\nEXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM \n\nThe production arrangements for sugar, the arrangements for the \nsupply of Community refineries and the arrangements for Community \nand national aids \n\nAfter being extended in 1991 to cover the two marketing years \n1991/92 and 1992/93, the production quota system laid down in the \nbasic sugar sector Regulation (EEC) No 1785/81 must again be \nexamined with a view to establishing the rules to apply in this \nrespect from 1 July 1993. This new examination takes place at a \ntime when the Community's sugar sector has to face a number of \nchallenges requiring a thorough examination of all of the \nmanagement instruments. Within the Community in particular, the \nrecent decisions taken with regard to the reform of the Common \nAgricultural Policy in several other sectors have lead to a \nreorientation of the policies for the \"grandes cultures\" arable \ncrops such as cereals. Furthermore the single market is in the \nfirst stage of implementation and a new sweetener of agricultural \norigin has been launched on the Community's markets in direct \ncompetition with sugar and isoglucose. Finally the moment has \narrived for carrying out the overall examination of the \narrangements for supplying the refining industry with raw sugar. At the world market level, the situation continues to remain \nvolatile and subject to violent and unpredictable disturbances with \na surplus of production over consumption and the existence of \nsignificant levels of stocks. The importance of these questions and \ntheir interdependence on the one hand, combined with the short time \nremaining until the new marketing year begins and the necessity to \nbe fully aware of the first effects of the reform of the CAP in the \nother sectors such as cereals on the other hand, lead the \nCommission to propose to the Council the continuation of the \nexisting production system in the sugar sector in its present form \nfor the 1993/94 marketing year, together with the system for \npreferential imports of raw sugar from third countries into \nPortugal that has been renewed until 30 June 1993, as well as the \narrangements for Community refining aids and for national aids in \nGermany, Italy and the United Kingdom. 11. The production of inul in syrup \n\nHaying been founded from the very beginning on a system of \ninstitutional prices and quotas, the common organization of the \nmarkets in the sugar sector had to include within its field of \napplication, besides sugar and its derivatives and the basic \nagricultural products from which it is produced, likewise since \n1981 the high fructose syrup known as isoglucose. This processed \nagricultural product is obtained generally from starch transformed \ninto glucose and is defined as \"the product obtained from glucose \nor its polymers with a content by weight in the dry state of at \nleast 10% fructose\". The fructose content may be raised to 98% or \nmore and attain the crystallization stage. - 3 -\n\nAs in the case of sugar, isoglucose is subject to the various rules \nthat are particular to the sugar sector such as the quota \narrangements limiting the quantities of production which may be \nmarketed within the Community and providing for the collection of \nproduction levies to ensure the self-financing by producers of the \ncosts resulting from the marketing of Community surplusses of sugar \nand isoglucose. Until now, isoglucose has been the only high-fructose syrup to be \nproduced on a large scale within the Community and marketed. As a \nresult of technological developments in the production of natural \nsweeteners, the production of a new high-fructose syrup has been \nlaunched at the industrial stage on the Community's sweetener \nmarkets. This new product, which may be called inulin svrup \n(fructose syrup) is obtained from chicory, as is generally the case \nat the present time, or from Jerusalem artichokes. The \nmanufacturing process consists of the extraction of inulin, an \noligo-polymer of fructose forming the principle constituent of the \nroots of agricultural products such as chicory and Jerusalem \nartichokes, which is not itself a sweetener but which by partial or \ncomplete hydrolysis may be transformed into an inulin syrup the \nfructose content of which can reach levels in excess of 80%. This \nproduct, used either by itself or after mixing with glucose, is \nentirely comparable with isogiucose but does not fall within the \nlegal definition of that product laid down by the Community \nlegislation and is in the position of being directly substitutable \nfor isoglucose and liquid sugar and therefore in direct competition \nwith the latter. The uncontrolled production of this high-fructose syrup can lead \ntherefore to the substitution of isoglucose and liquid sugars on \nthe Comunity's surplus markets, posing the very real risk of market \ndisturbance with the inevitable displacement of quantities of \nCommunity sugar for export to non-member countries with export \nrefund. As production is taking place entirely outside the sugar \nsector rules, it does not take part in the payment of the \nproduction levies designed to cover the cost of the export refunds \nunder the self-financing system particular to the sugar sector, \nwhilst benefitting indirectly from the market support measures. If the production arrangements for sugar were to continue to be \nbased on a system of quotas and guaranteed prices, this privileged \neconomic situation that exists would serve as an incitement to the \ndevelopment of production to an even greater degree and would \ndiscriminate \nproducing \nsugar \nundertakings which are not only placed in a position of unequal \ntreatment, but which must bear additional costs in a situation \nwhere the new production benefits indirectly from the guarantees \ngranted for sugar without being responsible under the system's \nrules. isoglucose \n\nagainst \n\nthe \n\nand \n\n\f- 4 -\n\nAfter taking these considerations into account, the Commission is \nof the view that the necessary measures should be taken, in the \nevent that the system is renewed, with the aim of extending to the \nproduction of inulin syrups the rules laid down by the common \norganization of the sector's markets. The Commission considers, \nhowever, that while the said measures should be taken on the \noccasion of the establishment in question, that is to say after the \nextension of the existing system for one further year, the \nproducers concerned must be informed of the Community's intentions \nin this respect. It is for this reason therefore that the \nCommission proposes to provide already for a suitable reference to \nbe inserted along these lines in the appropriate legal provisions. Namely, that if a quota system was to be retained for sugar and \nisoglucose from 1 July 1994, the quotas applicable to inuline syrup \nwould be established by reference to the production recorded during \nthe period 1 July 1992 to 30 June 1993 with a corrective factor \nsimilar to that used for isoglucose (maximum quota not less than \n65% and not exceeding 85% of the technical production capacity per \nannum as at 1 October 1992). - 5 -\n\nProposal for a \n\nCOUNCIL REGULATION (EEC) \n\namending Regulation (EEC) No 1785/81 on the common organization \n\nof the markets in the sugar sector \n\nTHE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, \n\nHaving regard to the Treaty establishing the European Economic \n\nCommunity, and in particular Articles 42 and 43 thereof, \n\nHaving regard to the proposal from the Commission, \n\nHaving regard to the opinion of the European Parliament, \n\nHaving regard to the opinion of the Economic and Social Committee, \n\nWhereas Article 23 of Council Regulation (EEC) No 1785/81 of \n\n30 June 1981 on the common organization of the markets in the sugar \n\nsectorC), as last amended by Regulation (EEC) No 3484/92<2), lays \n\ndown, on the one hand, that the system of production quotas for sugar \n\nis to apply for the marketing years 1991/92 and 1992/93 and, on the \n\nother hand, that the Council is to determine, in good time, the system \n\nto be applied from 1 July 1993; \n\nWhereas the new orientation of the common agricultural policy, in \n\nparticular in the cereals sector has, among its essential objectives, \n\nto lead to a better market equilibrium and to a better competitive \n\nposition for Community agriculture; whereas to achieve that objective a \n\nlowering of Community prices and guarantees over a fixed period of \n\nthree marketing years commencing 1 July 1993 has been provided for; \n\n(1) 0J NO L 177, 1. 7. 1981, p. 4. (2) 0J No L 353, 3. 12. 1992, p. 8. - 6 -\n\nWhereas sugar beet constitutes a large-scale arable crop often grown by \n\nproducers in association with cereals; whereas under these conditions a \n\nsimilar orientation as regards guaranteed prices should be adopted for \n\nsugar beet as for cereals but with account being taken of the elements \n\nthat are specific to the common organization of the markets in the \n\nsugar sector, in particular the sugar production arrangements and the \n\nsystem for the full responsibiIity of the producers themselves for the \n\ncosts of marketing the surpluses of Community production; whereas for \n\nthis to be achieved it is necessary to wait until the real effects of \n\nthe said orientation for the cereals sector are known in order to be \n\nable to apply it to the sugar sector as much for sugar beet, the sowing \n\nof which has furthermore already begun in respect of the 1993/94 \n\nmarketing year, as for sugar itself; whereas the existing price and \n\nproduction arrangements should consequently be continued in their \n\npresent form for one further marketing year-, \n\nWhereas Article 303 of the Act of Accession of Spain and Portugal \n\nprovides for a preferential system for the adequate supply of raw sugar \n\nto the Portuguese refineries during a seven-year period following \n\naccession; whereas this involves the application of a reduced levy for \n\nimports of raw sugar from third countries for that purpose and the use \n\nof available supplies of raw cane and beet sugar harvested in the \n\nCommunity eligible under the arrangements laid down in Council \n\nRegulation (EEC) No 2225/86 of 15 July 1986 laying down measures for \n\nthe marketing of sugar produced in the French overseas departments and \n\nfor equalization of the price conditions with preferential raw \nsugar*3), together with available supplies of preferential raw sugar \n\nas referred to in Article 33 of Regulation (EEC) No 1785/81; whereas \n\nthe abovementioned transitional period ended on 31 December 1992; \n\nwhereas the system for the supply of Portuguese refineries has been \n\nextended until 30 June 1993 by Regulation (EEC) No 3484/92 pending the \n\nestablishment of the definitive arrangements for the supply of the \n\nCommunity's refineries in general; whereas the reasons pointing to a \n\ncontinuation of the existing price and production arrangements in the \n\n(3) OJ No L 194, 17. 7. 1986, p. 7. - 7 -\n\nsugar sector are equally valid for a further extension until 30 June \n\n1994 of the existing system for the supply of Portuguese refineries in \n\nview of the fact that the definitive system to be determined for the \n\nrefining industry is closely linked to that remaining to be determined \n\nfor the production of sugar; \n\nWhereas technical progress and recent industrial developments in the \n\nproduction of natural sweeteners obtained from agricultural products in \n\nthe Community have led to a new generation of product, hereinafter \n\nreferred to as \"inulin syrup\", the characteristics and uses of which \n\nare closely comparable with those of isoglucose and liquid sugar which \n\nare governed by the common organization of the markets in the sugar \n\nsector provided for in Regulation (EEC) No 1785/81; whereas, although \n\ninulin syrup is a product which is very close in nature to isoglucose \n\nin particular, it is not covered by the definition of the latter in \n\nRegulation (EEC) No 1785/81, because it is neither obtained from \n\nglucose nor made by \n\nisomer izat ion of glucose but \n\ninstead by \n\nhydrolysis of inuiin, a compound composed of chains of fructose \n\nmolecules; whereas production of inulin syrup is consequently not \n\nsubject to the constraints deriving from the quota and self-financing \n\narrangements applying under the common organization of the markets in \n\nthe sugar sector although it benefits indirectly from the guarantees \n\nprovided by the market organization for the products covered by it; \n\nWhereas inulin syrup is a direct substitute for isoglucose and liquid \n\nsugar and as such is in direct competition with those products under \n\nconditions of unequal treatment to the detriment of the latter; whereas \n\nfor this reason and in view of the surplus situation for Community \n\nsugar, ail production of inulin syrup necessarily displaces a quantity \n\nof sugar for export at the charge of sugar and isoglucose producers, \n\naccompanied by the risk of serious market disturbance; whereas under \n\nthese conditions it is necessary for the production of inuiin syrup to \n\nbe incorporated as rapidly as possible within the common organization \n\nof the sugar markets; \n\n\f- 8 -\n\nWhereas, on the one hand, the continuation in its present form of the \n\nsystem for the production of sugar and isoglucose for the 1993/94 \n\nmarketing year alone and, on the other hand, the nearness of the said \n\nmarketing year, render it preferable to defer the application of the \n\nrules laid down by the common organization of the markets in the sugar \n\nsector to this new production; whereas it is nevertheless necessary to \n\ngive notice to the producers and the intending producers of inulin \n\nsyrup that, in the event of the application of a specific production \n\nsystem to sugar and isoglucose from the 1994/95 marketing year, such a \n\nsystem will be extended to include, with effect from that marketing \n\nyear, the production of inulin syrup under similar conditions; \n\nWhereas this Regulation must be applied under the best possible \n\nconditions; whereas, to that end, certain transitional measures may \n\nprove necessary; whereas provision should be made for such measures to \n\nbe adopted in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 41 of \n\nRegulation (EEC) No 1785/81, \n\nHAS ADOPTED THIS REGULATION: \n\nArt icle 1 \n\nRegulation (EEC) No 1785/81 is hereby amended as follows: \n\n1. The fourth subparagraph of Article 9(4) and Article 9(4a) are \n\ndeleted. 2. In Article 9(4b), the words \"From the 1991/92 to 1992/93 marketing \n\nyear\", are replaced by the words \"Throughout the 1993/94 marketing \n\nyear\", and in the third subparagraph of that same paragraph the \n\nwords \"Throughout the marketing years specified in the first \n\nsubparagraph\" are replaced by the words \"Throughout the marketing \n\nyear specified in the first subparagraph. \". 3. In Article 9(4c), the words \"From 1 January 1993 to 30 June 1993\", \n\nare replaced by the words \"Throughout the 1993/94 marketing year\". - 9 \n\n4. Article 16a(1) is replaced by the following: \n\n\"1. Throughout the 1993/94 marketing year, a reduced levy shall be \n\ncharged on raw sugar cane originating in C\u00f4te d'Ivoire, Malawi, \n\nZimbabwe and Swaziland which is imported into mainland \n\nPortugal, up to a maximum quantity of 75 000 tonnes of white \n\nsugar equivalent. \" \n\n5. Article 23 is replaced by the following: \n\n\"Article 23 \n\n1. Articles 24 to 32 shall apply in respect of the 1993/94 \n\nmarket ing year. 2. For the period referred to in paragraph 1 and notwithstanding \n\nArticles 24(2) and 25, the A and B quotas of sugar-producing \n\nundertakings and isoglucose-producing undertakings shall be \n\nthose which obtained in the 1992/93 marketing year. 3. For the period referred to in paragraph 1, the basic A and B \n\nproduction quantities for sugar and isoglucose serving for the \n\nallocation of quotas shall be those fixed, as the case may be, \n\nin Articles 24(2) and 24a(2). 4. The Council, acting in accordance with the procedure laid down \n\nin Article 43(2) of the Treaty, shall determine, before \n\n1 January 1994, the system to be applied from 1 July 1994 to \n\nthe production of sugar, isoglucose and inulin syrup. For this \n\npurpose, inulin syrup shall be considered to be the product \n\ncovered by the CN code ex 1702 60 90 10 or ex 1702 90 90 10 \n\nwhich is obtained as soon as the hydrolysis of inulin or oligo \n\nfructose has terminated, with a content in the dry state by \n\nweight of at least 10% fructose in the free form or in the form \n\nof sucrose. In the event that a production system based on \n\nquotas is adopted for sugar and isoglucose, the quotas \n\napplicable to inulin syrup will be determined for each \n\nundertaking with reference, in particular, to production during \n\nthe period 1 July 1992 to 30 June 1993 and to the technical \n\nproduction capacity per annum as at 1 October 1992. \" \n\n\f- 10 -\n\n6. In Article 24(1) and (3), the date \"1990/91\" is replaced by \n\n\"1992/93\". 7. In Article 28(2), the introductory words are replaced by the \n\nfol lowing: \n\n\"2. Before the end of the 1993/94 marketing year, a cumulative \n\nrecording shall be made of the 1991/92, 1992/93 and 1993/94 \n\nmarket ing years:\". 8. In Article 46(1), (3)(b), (5) and (6), the references to the \n\nmarketing years \"1991/92 and 1992/93\", and in Article 46(7) the \n\nreference to the marketing years \"1990/91, 1991/92 and 1992/93\" are \n\nreplaced by \"the 1993/94 marketing year. \" \n\n9. In Article 48, the date \"30 June 1992\" is replaced by \"30 June \n\n1994. \" \n\nArt icle 2 \n\nThis Regulation shall enter into force on the seventh day following \n\nthat of its publication in the Official Journal of the European \n\nCommun i t i es. It shall apply from 1 July 1993. This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly \n\napplicable in all Member States. Done at Brussels, \n\nF or t he C o u n c i| \n\nThe Preside\u00bb \n\n\f- 11 -\n\nFINANCIAL STATEMENT \n\nDATE: \n\n1. BUDGET HEADING: Expenditure 11 \n\nRevenue 1000 and 1100 \n\nAPPROPRIATIONS: (DB93): ECU 2. 031 million \n\nECU 1. 263,7 and 716,1 mi 11 ion \n\n2. TITLE: \n\nProposal for a Council Regulation (EEC) amending Regulation (EEC) No 1785/81 on the cannon organization \nof the markets in the sugar sector. 3. LEGAL BASIS: Articles 42 and 43 of the Treaty \n\n4. AIMS OF PROJECT: \n\nProlongation of the cannon organization of the sugar markets for the 1993/94 marketing year. Period of 12 months \n(ECU mi 11 ion) \n\nCurrent Financial Year \n(1993)(ECUmillion) \n\nFollowing Financial Year \n(1994)(ECU mi 11 ion) \n\n2 095. 7 \n\np. m. 1 990. 9 \n\n1 501. 1 \n\n1996 \n\n1997 \n\n1993 \n\n5. FINANCIAL IM^ICATIONS \n\n5. 0 EXPENDITURE \n\n- CHARGED TO THE EC BUDGET \n- (REFUNDS/INTERVENTION) \n\n5. 1 REVENUE \n\n- OWN RESOURCES OF THE EC \n(LEVIES/CUSTOMS DUTIES) \n\n- NATIONAL \n\n5. 0. 1 ESTIMATED EXPENDITURE \n5. 1. 1 ESTIMATED REVENUE \n\n5. 2 METHOD OF CALCULATION: \n\n1 501. 1 \n\n1995 \n\n104. 8 \np. m. (see attached tables for details of calculation) \nExpenditure is al located 95% to the 1994 budget and 5% to the 1995 budget. Revenue is foreseen to be 100% for the 1994 budgetar year. 6. 0 CAN THE PROJECT BE FINANCED FROM APPROPRIATIONS ENTERED IN THE RELEVANT CHAPTER OF THE CURRENT BUDGET?\" \n\n6. 1 CAN THE PROJECT BE FINANCED BY TRANSFER BETWEEN CHAPTERS OF THE CURRENT BUDGET? \n\n6. 2 IS A SUPPLEMENTARY BUDGET NECESSARY? \n\n6. 3 WILL FUTURE BUDGET APPROPRIATIONS BE NECESSARY? \n\nOBSERVATIONS: \n\nYES \n\nYES \n\nNO \n\nYES \n\n\f- 1 2-\n\nAnnex 1 \n\nEXPENDITURE IN THE SUGAR SECTOR \n\n1. Refunds: \n\n2 792 000 tonnes x 420 ECU/t \n\n- 1 172. 6 \n\n2. Reimbursement of storage \n\ncosts \n\n88. 0 million t/month x 5. 2 ECU/t \n\n457. 6 \n\n3. Expenditure of intervention \n\nagencies for purchase and \ndisposal operations \n\n(forfeit) \n\n4. Refunds for use in the \nchemical industry \n\n200 000 x (420-70) ECU/t \n\n5. Aid for the marketing\"of \n\nraw sugar \n\nD0M-EUR 11: 290 000 t X ECU 63/t \n(cane) \n\nPORTUGAL: 90 000 t x ECU 63/t \n(beet) \n\n6. Subsidies for the import of sugar \n\n7. Stock depreciation: \n\n8. Adaptation aid for the Portuguese \n\nindustry \n\n9. Community aid for raw sugar: 1 720 000 t x ECU 15. 80/t \n\n1. 0 \n\n70. 0 \n\n18. 3 \n\n5. 7 \n\np. m, \n\np. m \n\np. m \n\n27. 2 \n\n10. Community share of the \n\nnat ional UK aid \n\n1 130 000 t x ECU 4. 5/t x 25% \n\n1. 3 \n\nTOTAL \n\n1 753. 7 \n\nEFFECT OF THE DOUBLE RATE 1 753. 7 x 1 195 - ECU 2 095. 7 million (B) \n\n\fSUGAR LEVIES AND HYPOTHESES PER UEfcBER STATE \n\nINT SUGAR PRICE \n\n5 3 0. 1 \n\nUEBL \n\nOK \n\nD \n\nGR \n\nESP \n\nFR \n\nmetrop \n\ndom \n\nIRL \n\nIT \n\nNL \n\nPORT \n\nUK \n\nEUR 12 \n\n1. 195 \n\n1. 195 \n\n1. 195 \n\n1. 195 \n\n1. 195 \n\n1. 195 \n\n1. 195 \n\n1. 195 \n\n1. 195 \n\n1. 195 \n\n1. 195 \n\nANNEX 2 \n\nDOUBLE RATE \n\nQUOTAS A \n\nQUOTAS B \n\nQUOTAS AtB \n\nSUGAR \nPRODUCTION A \n\nPRODUCT ION B \n\nTOTAL A te \n\nBASIC LEVY \nB LEVY \n\nTOTAL \n\nISOGLUCOSE \nPRODUCTION A \n\nPRODUCTION B \n\nTOTAL A te \n\nBASIC LEVY \nB LEVY \n\nTOTAL \n\nADDITIONAL LEVY \n\nSTORAGE LEVY \n\nQUANTITY MARKETED \n\nSLMMRY \n- S U G AR PRODUCTION \n- \n-STORAGE \n- A D D I T I O N AL \n\nISOGLUCOSE PRODUCTION \n\nTOTAL \n\nLEVIES \n\nEUR 11 \nPORTUGAL \n\nOOOT \n\nOOOT \n\nOOOT \n\nOOOT \n\nOOOT \n\nOOOT \n\n2% \n37. 96 \n\nECU mi 11 ion (A) \n\nECU mi 11 ion (B) \n\nECU mi 11 ion (A) \n\nECU mi 11 ion (B) \n\nSUB-TOTAL OF LEVIf \nOOEFF: ( L / RH \nLOSSL \nREVENUE R \n\nS \n\nECU mi 11 ion \n\nECU mi 11 ion i \n\nTAX \nOOOT \n\nECU mi 11 ion (A) \nECU mi II ion (B) \n\nECUA \n\n10. 602 \n196. 788 \n\nECUA \n\n4. 448 \n83. 403 \n\n733. 3 \n631. 3 \n\nECUA \n25 \n\nECU mi 11 ion (B) \nECU mi 11 ion (B) \nECU mi 11 ion (B) \nECU mi 11 ion (B) \n\nECU mi 11 ion (B) \n\n680 \n\n146 \n\n826 \n\n680 \n\n146 \n\n328 \n\n96. 6 \n\n424. 6 \n\n2638 \n\n811. 3 \n\n3449. 3 \n\n290 \n\n29 \n\n319 \n\n960 \n\n40 \n\n1000 \n\n2996 \n\n805. 8 \n\n3801. 8 \n\n2530 \n\n759. 2 \n\n3289. 2 \n\n466 \n\n46. 6 \n\n182 \n\n18. 2 \n\n512. 6 \n\n200. 2 \n\n1. 320 \n\n248. 3 \n\n1568. 3 \n\nCALCULATION CF THE SUGAR PRODUCT \n\n328 \n\n96. 6 \n\n2638 \n\n811. 3 \n\n290 \n\n29 \n\n960 \n\n40 \n\nON LEVIES \n2660 \n759. 2 \n\n2560 \n759. 2 \n\n300 \n\n182 \n\n18. 2 \n\n1320 \n\n248. 3 \n\n690 \n\n182 \n\n872 \n\n690 \n\n182 \n\n826 \n\n424. 6 \n\n3449. 3 \n\n319 \n\n1000 \n\n3619. 2 \n\n3319. 2 \n\n300 \n\n200. 2 \n\n1568. 3 \n\n872 \n\n8. 8 \n29. 0 \n\n37. 8 \n\n45. 2 \n\n56. 67 \n\n15. 58 \n\n72. 25 \n\n0. 3 \n1. 3 \n\n1. 6 \n\n1. 9 \n\n4. 5 \n19. 2 \n\n23. 7 \n\n28. 3 \n\n36. 6 \n161. 3 \n\n197. 9 \n\n236. 5 \n\n3. 4 \n5. 8 \n\n9. 2 \n\n11. 0 \n\n10. 6 \n8. 0 \n\n18. 6 \n\n22. 2 \n\n38. 4 \n150. 9 \n\n189. 3 \n\n226. 2. 2. 1 \n3. 6 \n\n5. 7 \n\n6. 8 \n\nCALCULATION OF THE ISOGLUCOSE PRCOU \n\nCTION LEVIES \n\n28. 88 \n\n6. 8 \n\n35. 68 \n\n0. 2 \n0. 6 \n\n0. 8 \n\n1. 0 \n\n0. 75 \n\n0. 75 \n\n0. 0 \n0. 0 \n\n0. 0 \n\n0. 0 \n\n75 \n\n8 \n\n83 \n\n0. 4 \n0. 7 \n\n1. 1 \n\n1. 3 \n\n15. 89 \n\n3. 6 \n\n19. 49 \n\n0. 1 \n0. 3 \n\n0. 4 \n\n0. 5 \n\n16. 6 \n49. 4 \n\n66. 0 \n\n78. 9 \n\n16. 57 \n\n3. 5 \n\n20. 07 \n\n0. 1 \n0. 3 \n\n0. 4 \n\n0. 5 \n\n54. 5 \n\n5. 4 \n\n59. 9 \n\n1. 040 \n\n104 \n\n1144 \n\n11178. 5 \n\n2486. 6 \n\n13665. 1 \n\n2 \n\n2 \n\n0. 0 \n0. 0 \n\n0. 0 \n\n0. 0 \n\n9. 2 \n36. 2 \n\n45. 4 \n\n54. 3 \n\n5. 69 \n\n0. 32 \n\n5. 69 \n\n0. 32 \n\n0. 0 \n0. 0 \n\n0. 0 \n\n0. 0 \n\n0. 0 \n0. 0 \n\n0. 0 \n\n0. 0 \n\n1040 \n\n104 \n\n10990 \n\n2434. 6 \n\n1144 \n\n13424. 6 \n\n12. 1 \n20. 7 \n\n32. 8 \n\n39. 2 \n\n21. 69 \n\n5. 79 \n\n27. 48 \n\n0. 1 \n0. 5 \n\n0. 6 \n0. 7 \n\n142. 3 \n484. 1 \n\n626. 4 \n\n748. 6 \n\n221. 5 \n\n43. 3 \n\n264. 7 \n\n1. 2 \n3. 7 \n\n4. 9 \n\n5. 9 \n\n01 \n\nM. CULATION ( \n\nT THE AD0I1 \n\n[lONAL LEVY \n\n39. 4 \n0. 162 \n\n23. 7 \n0. 162 \n\n198. 7 \n0. 162 \n\n9. 2 \n0. 162 \n\n19. 7 \n0. 162 \n\n189. 7 \n0. 162 \n\n5. 7 \n0. 162 \n\n66. 4 \n0. 162 \n\n45. 4 \n0. 162 \n\n0. 0 \n0. 162 \n\n33. 4 \n0. 162 \n\n631. 3 \n\n6. 4 \n7. 6 \n\n3. 8 \n4. 5 \n\n32. 1 \n38. 4 \n\n1. 5 \n1. 8 \n\n3. 2 \n3. 8 \n\n30. 7 \n36. 7 \n\nCALCULATIC \n\n<0F THE ST \n\n*AGE LEVY \n\n880 \n\n22. 0 \n26. 3 \n\n45. 2 \n1. 9 \n26. 3 \n7. 6 \n\n81. 0 \n\n424 \n\n10. 6 \n12. 7 \n\n28. 3 \n0. 0 \n12. 7 \n4. 5 \n\n45. 5 \n\n3392 \n\n84. 8 \n101. 3 \n\n236. 5 \n1. 0 \n101. 3 \n38. 4 \n\n377. 2 \n\n234 \n\n5. 9 \n7. 1 \n\n11. 0 \n0. 0 \n7. 1 \n1. 8 \n\n19. 9 \n\n1021 \n\n25. 5 \n30. 5 \n\n22. 2 \n1. 3 \n30. 5 \n3. 8 \n\n57. 8 \n\n3763 \n\n94. 1 \n112. 4 \n\n226. 2 \n0. 5 \n112. 4 \n36. 7 \n\n375. 8 \n\n0. 9 \n1. 1 \n\n200 \n\n5. 0 \n6. 0 \n\n6. 8 \n0. 0 \n6. 0 \n1. 1 \n\n10. 7 \n12. 8 \n\n7. 3 \n8. 7 \n\n1570 \n\n39. 3 \n47. 0 \n\n78. 9 \n0. 5 \n47. 0 \n12. 8 \n\n942 \n\n23. 6 \n28. 2 \n\n54. 3 \n0. 0 \n28. 2 \n8. 7 \n\n91. 2 \n\n13. 9 \n\n139. 2 \n\n0. 0 \n0. 0 \n\n2 \n\n0. 1 \n0. 1 \n\n0. 0 \n0. 0 \n0. 1 \n0. 0 \n\n0. 1 \n\n5. 4 \n6. 5 \n\n102. 0 \n121. 9 \n\n1172 \n\n13600 \n\n29. 3 \n35. 0 \n\n39. 2 \n0. 7 \n35. 0 \n6. 5 \n\n81. 4 \n\n340. 2 \n406. 6 \n\n748. 6 \n5. 9 \n406. 6 \n121. 9 \n\n1283. 0 \n\nTOTAL \n\nECU 2 1 8. 1 mi 11 i o n ( B) \n\n300000 T. 2 0 0 0 00 T. ECU 4 0 5. 0 A -X \nECU 3 0 5. 0 A -X \n\n1. 1 95 \n1. 1 95 \n\n- \n- \n\nECU \nECU \n\n1 4 5. 2 mi 11 i o n ( B) \n7 2. 9 mi 11 i o n ( B) \n\n\f\f- n -\n\nISSN 0254-1475 \n\nCOM(92) 573 final \n\nDOCUMENTS \n\nEN \n\n03 \n\nCatalogue number : CB-CO-92-616-EN-C \n\nISBN 92-77-51123-0 \n\nOffice for Official Publications of the European Communities \n\nL-2985 Luxembourg"}
+{"cellarURIs": "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/5f18d199-bfd8-4701-b126-5f2d3d0bffa8", "title": "Commission Regulation (EEC) No 183/93 of 29 January 1993 amending Regulation (EEC) No 2568/91 on the characteristics of olive oil and olive-residue oil and on the relevant methods of analysis", "langIdentifier": "ENG", "mtypes": "html,pdfa1b,print", "workTypes": "http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#legislation_secondary,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#regulation,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#resource_legal,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#work", "authors": "European Commission", "date": "1993-01-29", "subjects": "analytical chemistry,common customs tariff,food inspection,marketing standard,olive oil,tariff nomenclature", "workIds": "celex:31993R0183,oj:JOL_1993_022_R_0058_073", "eurovoc_concepts": ["analytical chemistry", "common customs tariff", "food inspection", "marketing standard", "olive oil", "tariff nomenclature"], "url": "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/5f18d199-bfd8-4701-b126-5f2d3d0bffa8", "lang": "eng", "formats": ["html", "pdfa1b", "print"]}
+{"cellarURIs": "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/cf1ee500-ba03-4317-bcf1-6bc53c9c2c44", "title": "Commission Regulation (EEC) No 207/93 of 29 January 1993 defining the content of Annex VI to Regulation (EEC) No 2092/91 on organic production of agricultural products and indications referring thereto on agricultural products and foodstuffs and laying down detailed rules for implementing the provisions of Article 5 (4) thereto", "langIdentifier": "ENG", "mtypes": "html,pdfa1b,print", "workTypes": "http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#legislation_secondary,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#regulation,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#resource_legal,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#work", "authors": "European Commission", "date": "1993-01-29", "subjects": "agricultural product,food additive,foodstuff,labelling,organic farming", "workIds": "celex:31993R0207,oj:JOL_1993_025_R_0005_016", "eurovoc_concepts": ["agricultural product", "food additive", "foodstuff", "labelling", "organic farming"], "url": "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/cf1ee500-ba03-4317-bcf1-6bc53c9c2c44", "lang": "eng", "formats": ["html", "pdfa1b", "print"]}
+{"cellarURIs": "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/0cb7cfa8-06ec-4a9e-81c4-632a74fa5707", "title": "Commission Regulation (EEC) No 184/93 of 29 January 1993 amending Regulation (EEC) No 1725/79 on the rules for granting aid to skimmed milk processed into compound feedingstuffs and skimmed-milk powder intended for feed for calves", "langIdentifier": "ENG", "mtypes": "html,pdfa1b,print", "workTypes": "http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#legislation_secondary,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#regulation,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#resource_legal,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#work", "authors": "European Commission", "date": "1993-01-29", "subjects": "animal feedingstuffs,calf,economic support,manufactured feedingstuffs,skimmed milk,skimmed milk powder", "workIds": "celex:31993R0184,oj:JOL_1993_022_R_0069_074", "eurovoc_concepts": ["animal feedingstuffs", "calf", "economic support", "manufactured feedingstuffs", "skimmed milk", "skimmed milk powder"], "url": "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/0cb7cfa8-06ec-4a9e-81c4-632a74fa5707", "lang": "eng", "formats": ["html", "pdfa1b", "print"]}
+{"cellarURIs": "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/d329cb65-1756-4317-abfd-5ec50c663322", "title": "Commission Regulation (EEC) No 200/93 of 29 January 1993 repealing Regulation (EEC) No 3053/92 prolonging the second suspension of the advance fixing of the import levy for certain cereals", "langIdentifier": "ENG", "mtypes": "html,pdfa1b,print", "workTypes": "http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#legislation_secondary,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#regulation,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#resource_legal,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#work", "authors": "European Commission", "date": "1993-01-29", "subjects": "import levy", "workIds": "celex:31993R0200,oj:JOL_1993_022_R_0111_090", "eurovoc_concepts": ["import levy"], "url": "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/d329cb65-1756-4317-abfd-5ec50c663322", "lang": "eng", "formats": ["html", "pdfa1b", "print"]}
+{"cellarURIs": "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/0068fd59-a950-4a5b-84c0-4e939a3d0cdb", "title": "Proposal for a COUNCIL REGULATION (EEC) opening and providing for the administration of a Community tariff quota for fresh strawberries originating in the occupied territories and laying down the procedure applicable to certain agricultural products subject to reference quantities originating in the said territories (1993)", "langIdentifier": "ENG", "mtypes": "pdf", "workTypes": "http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#act_preparatory,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#proposal_act,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#proposal_regulation_ec,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#resource_legal,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#work", "authors": "European Commission", "date": "1993-01-29", "subjects": "Middle East,occupied territory,soft fruit,tariff quota", "workIds": "celex:51993PC0024,comnat:COM_1993_0024_FIN", "eurovoc_concepts": ["Middle East", "occupied territory", "soft fruit", "tariff quota"], "url": "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/0068fd59-a950-4a5b-84c0-4e939a3d0cdb", "lang": "eng", "formats": ["pdf"], "text": "COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COIVMUNITIES \n\nC0M(93)24 final \n\nBrussels, 29 January 1993 \n\nProposal for a \n\nCOUNCIL REGULATION (EEC) \n\nopening and providing for the administration of a Community tariff \n\nquota for fresh strawberries originating in the occupied territories \n\nand laying down the procedure applicable to certain agricultural \n\nproducts subject to reference quantities originating in the said \n\nterritories (1993) \n\n(presented by the Commission) \n\n\fEXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM \n\n1. Council Regulation (EEC) No 1134/91 on the tariff arrangements \n\napplicable to imports into the Community of products originating in the \n\noccupied territories and repealing Regulation (EEC) No 3363/86 provides \n\nfor duties on imports of fresh strawberries and the agricultural \n\nproducts set out in the Annex and originating in the occupied \n\nterritories to be eliminated \n\nin two equal \n\ninstalments, on \n\n1 January 1992 and 1 January 1993, and within the periods indicated. 2. Duties on strawberries falling within CN code 0810 10 90 are to be \n\neliminated within the limits of a Community tariff quota of \n\n1 200 tonnes. The agricultural products set out in the Annex are subject to Community \n\nsurveillance within a framework of reference quantities and pre-\n\nestablished timetables. 3. As regards the administration of the tariff quota, it is proposed \n\nthat the entire volume of the quota form a Community reserve to which \n\nall Member States would have access according to the procedure laid \n\ndown in Article 3 of the proposed Regulation. With regard to the procedure applicable to the agricultural products, \n\nArticle 3(2) of Regulation 1134/91 provides that where imports of one \n\nof these products exceeds the reference quantity, the product in \n\nquestion may be made subject to a Community tariff quota which will \n\napply to a quantity equivalent to the reference quantity, if the \n\namounts imported appear likely to cause difficulties in the Community \n\nmarket. - 2 -\n\n4. The system of surveillance planned for these reference quantities \n\ndoes not entail the adoption of common rules other than those currently \n\napplied uniformly by all Member States in the matter of the Community's \n\nexternal trade statistics. Given that reference quantities are \n\ngenerally opened for less than a calendar year, the Commission \n\ndepartments responsible for examining whether a product should be made \n\nsubject to a tariff quota can obtain the requisite statistics from the \n\nStatistical Office of the European Communities. Proposal for a \n\nCOUNCIL REGULATION (EEC) No \n\n/93 \n\nof \n\nopening a nd providing for the administration of a C o m m u n i ty tariff quota for \nfresh strawberries originating in the Occupied Territories a nd laying down the \nreference \nprocedure applicable \n\nto certain agricultural products subject \nquantities originating in the said territories (1993) \n\nto \n\nTHE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, \n\nHaving regard to the Treaty establishing the European \nEconomic Community, and in particular Article 113 \nthereof, \n\nHaving regard to Council Regulation (EEC) No 1134/91 \nof 29 April 1991 on the tariff arrangements applicable to \nimports into the Community of products originating in \nthe occupied territories and repealing Regulation (EEC) \nNo 3363/86 ('), and in particular Articles 2 and 3 thereof, \n\nHaving regard to the proposal from the Commission, \n\nWhereas Article 2 of Regulation (EEC) No 1134/91 \nprovides for the elimination of customs duties on imports \nof the agricultural products set out in Annex II thereto \nand originating in the Occupied Territories in two equal \ninstalments, on 1 January 1992 and 1 January 1993, and \nwithin the periods indicated for each product; whereas, \ntherefore, it is appropriate to open on 1 January 199 3 the \nCommunity tariff quotas laid down for the said products, \n\n, \n\nwhich are \nthis Regulation ; \n\nindicated in Article 1 and the Annex to \n\nthe volumes of \n\nWhereas duties on strawberries falling within CN code \n0810 10 90 are eliminated within the limits of a Commu \nnity tariff quota of 1 200 tonnes ; \n\nWhereas equal and continuous access to the quota should \nbe ensured for all Community importers and the rate laid \ndown for the quota should be applied consistently to all \nimports of the products in question into all the Member \nStates until the quota is exhausted ; \n\nWhereas the decision for the opening, in the \nexecution of its international obligations, of \ntariff quota should be taken by the Community; \nwhereas, to ensure the efficiency of a common \nadministration of t hk quota, there is no reasonable \nobstacle to authorising the Member States to draw \nfrom the quota-volune the necessary quantities \ncorresponding to actual imports; \nwhereas this method of administration requires close \n\ncooperation between the Member States and the Commissic \nand the latter must in particular be able to monitor \nthe rate at which the quota is used up and inform the \nMember States accordingly; \n\nWhereas, since the Kingdom of Belgium, the Kingdom of \nthe Netherlands and the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg \nare united within, and jointly represented by, the Benelux \nEconomic Union, any operation concerning the adminis \ntration of the quota may be carried out by any one of its \nmembers ; \n\nWhereas, in carrying out its international obligations \nthe Community must open reference quantities and \nestablish a statistical surveillance system regarding \nthe products listed in the annex hereto; \nWhereas, in order to enable the competent authorities \nwithin the Commission to establish an annual \ntrade \nbalance sheet for each of the products and, if necessary, to \nput into application the arrangement provided for in \nArticle 3 (2) of Regulation (EEC) No 1134/91, these \nto a statistical surveillance in \nproducts are subject \naccordance with Regulations (EEC) No 2658/81 (2) and \n(EEC) No 1736/75 H ; \n\nWhereas, to ensure the efficiency of the surveillance \nsystem, the Member States must nevertheless charge \nimports of the products in question against the \nreference quantities as and when this products are \npresented to the customs under cover of declarations \nfor release for free circulation; whereas the re-ferenc \nquantities for the products listed in the annex hereto, \nshould be op\u00fbned for 1995; \n\nHAS ADOPTED THIS REGULATION : \n\nArticle I \n\nThe customs duty applicable to imports into the Commu \nnity of fresh strawberries originating in the occupied terri \ntories shall be suspended at the levels indicated below and \nwithin the limits of the Community tariff quota as shown \nbelow : \n\nOrder No \n\nTaric code \n\nDescription \n\n09. 1381 \n\n0810 10 90*3& Fresh strawberries from l January to 31 March ! 9 \u00b03 \n\nQuota duty \n(V. ) \n\nAmount \nof quota \n(in tonnes) \n\n1 200 \n\n*49 \n\n(') OJ No L 112, 4. 5. 1991. p. 1. (') OJ No L 256, 7. 9. 1987, p. 1. Regulation as last amended by \nRegulation (EEC) No 1056/91 (OJ No L 107. 27. 4. 1991. p. 10). 0 OJ No L 183. 14. 7. 1975, p. 3. Regulation as last amended by \nRegulation (EEC) No 1629/88 (OJ No L 147. 14. 6. 1988. p. 1). -M-\n\nArticle 2 \n\nArticle 4 \n\nThe tariff quota referred to in Article 1 shall be adminis \ntered by the Commission, which may take any appro \npriate measure with a view to ensuring the efficient admi \nnistration thereof. Article 3 \n\nIf an importer presents, in a Member State, a declaration \nof entry into free circulation including a request for pref \nerential benefit for a product covered by Article 1, and if \nthis declaration is accepted by the customs authorities, the \nMember State concerned shall draw, from the tariff quota, \nby means of notification to the Commission, a quantity \ncorresponding to these needs. The requests for drawing, with the indication of the date \nof acceptance of the said declaration, must be communi \ncated to the Commission without delay. The drawings are granted by the Commission on the basis \nof the date of acceptance of the declaration of entry into \nfree circulation by the customs authorities of the Member \nState concerned, to the extent that the available balance \nso permits. If a Member State does not use the quantities drawn, it \nshall return them as soon as possible to the tariff quota. If the quantities required are greater than the available \nbalance of the tariff quota, allocation shall be made on a \npro rata basis with respect to the requests. Member States \nshall be informed by the Commission of the drawings \nmade. Imports into the Community of certain products \n1. originating in the occupied territories shall be subject to \nreference quantities and to a statistical surveillance. The products referred to in the first subparagraph, their \nCN codes, the periods of validity and the levels of the \nreference quantities are set out in the Annex. 2. Quantities shall be charged against the reference \nquantities as and when products are entered with customs \nauthorities for free circulation and accompanied by a \nis \nmovement certificate. If the movement certificate \nsubmitted a posteriori, the goods shall be charged against \nthe corresponding reference quantity at the moment \nwhen the goods are entered for free circulation. The extent to which the reference quantities are used up \nshall be determined at Community level on the basis of \nthe imports charged against them in the manner defined \nin the first subparagraph, as communicated to the Statis \ntical Office of the European Communities in application \nof Regulations (EEC) No 2658/87 and (EEC) No 1736/75. Article 5 \n\nThe Member States and the Commission shall cooperate \nclosely to ensure that this Regulation is complied with. Article 6 \n\nThis Regulation shall enter into force on the day of its \npublication in the Official Journal of the European \nCommunities. It shall apply from 1 January 199 r \n\nThis Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and direcdy applicable in all Member \nStates. Done at Brussels, \n\nFor the Council \n\nThe President \n\n\fr \n\nANNEX \n\nOrder \nNo \n\nCN code \n\nTaric \ncode \n\nDescription \n\nValidity \n\nTomatoes, fresh or chilled \n\nI. 1 \u2014 3 1. 3 \n\nReference \nquantity \n(tonnes) \n\n1 000 \n\nAubergines, fresh or chilled \n\n15. I \u2014 30. 4 \n\n3 000 \n\nSweet peppers \n\n1. 1 \u2014 31. 12 \n\n1 000 \n\n18. 0340 \n\nex 0709 90 70 \n\nCourgettes, fresh or chilled \n\n1. 1 \u2014 2 9. 2 \n\n300 \n\nOranges, fresh \n\n1. 1 \u2014 31. 12 \n\n25 000 \n\n18. 0310 \n\nex 0702 00 10 \n\n18. 0320 \n\nex 0709 30 00 \n\n18. 0330 \n\nex 0709 60 10 \n\n\u202231 \n\"39 \n'41 \n\u202249 \n'51 \n'59 \n\u202261 \n\u202269 \n\n\u202220 \n\u202230 \n\n11 \n19 \n\u202220 \n30 \n\n18. 0350 ex 0805 10 11 \n\nex 0805 10 15 \n\nex 0805 10 19 \n\n0805 10 21 \n0805 10 25 \n0805 10 29 \n\nex 0805 10 31 \n\nex 0805 10 35 \n\nex 0805 10 39 \n\nex 0805 10 41 \n\nex 0805 10 45 \n\nex 0805 10 49 \n\nex 0805 10 70 \n\nex 0805 10 90 \n\n\u202220 \n\n10 \n\u202290 \n10 \n\u202290 \n'10 \n\u202290 \n\n\u202210 \n\u202280 \n\u202210 \n\u202280 \n'10 \n\u202280 \n\u202212 \n\u202213 \n\u202218 \n\u202291 \n\u202298 \n\"12 \n\u202213 \n\u202218 \n\u202291 \n\u202298 \n\u202212 \n\u202213 \n\u202218 \n'91 \n\u202298 \n\u202211 \n\u202213 \n\u202214 \n'18 \n'11 \n\u202219 \n\n\fOrder \nNo \n\nCN code \n\n18. 0360 \n\nex 0805 20 10 \n\nex 0805 20 30 \n\nex 0805 20 50 \n\nex 0805 20 70 \n\nex 0805 20 90 \n\n18. 0370 \n\nex 0805 30 10 \n\n18. 0380 \n\nex 080710 5*0 \n\nDescription \n\nValidity \n\nReference \nquantity \n(tonnes) \n\nMandarins (including ungerines and satsumas) ; \ncl\u00e9mentines, wilkings and similar citrus hybrids, \nfresh \n\n1 \"i \u2014 31. 12 \n\n500 \n\nTaric \ncode \n\n'31 \n*33 \n\n*ic3 \n\u202231*39 \n*33 \n* 3 S * 3* \n\n7 \n\n*35 \n*3> \n\n'31 \n*33 \n'35 \n\n'31 \n\u202233 \n*35 \n\n\"11 m \n\n*17 \n*18 \n*51 \n*53 \n*55 \n*58 \n^59-\n\u2022io \n\n\"13 \n*14 \n*23 \n\n*33 \n'34 \n*43 \n\nLemons (Citrus Umon, Citrus limonom), fresh \n\nI. 1 \u2014 31. 12 \n\n800 \n\nMelons, fresh \n\n1. 1 \u2014 3 1. 5 \n\n10 000 \n\n\fFINANCIAL STATEMENT \n\n1. Budget heading: Chapter 12, Article 120 \n\n2. Legal basis: Article 113 of the Treaty \n\n3. Title of the tariff measure: Proposal for a Council Regulation \n\nopening and providing for the administration of a Community tariff \n\nquota for fresh strawberries originating \n\nin the occupied \n\nterritories and laying down the procedure applicable to certain \n\nagricultural products subject to reference quantities originating \n\nin the said territories (1993) \n\n4. Aim: Fulfilment of a commitment arising from a Council Regulation \n\n5. Calculation method: \n\nCN code: \n\nex 08010 10 90 \n\nVolume of quota in tonnes: \n\n1 200 T \n\nDuty to be applied: \n\nCN duties: \n\n0 % \n\n14% \n\nAverage estimated price in ECU/t: 2 364 \n\n6- Loss of revenue: \n\nThe total loss of revenue from fresh strawberries for 1993 will be \n\nECU 397 152. The application of the other provisions of this Regulation gives \n\nrise to no further loss of revenue. ISSN 0254-1475 \n\nCOM (93) 24 final \n\nDOCUMENTS \n\nEN \n\nii 02 \n\nCatalogue number : CB-CO-93-027-EN-C \n\nISBN 92-77-52311-5 \n\n( tffice for Official Publications of the European Communities \nL 2985 Luxembourg"}
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+{"cellarURIs": "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/177d7188-a6fa-48b2-b93d-e1e094610e67", "title": "Re-examined proposal for a COUNCIL DIRECTIVE on unfair terms in consumer contracts", "langIdentifier": "ENG", "mtypes": "pdf", "workTypes": "http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#act_preparatory,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#proposal_act,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#proposal_directive_ec,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#resource_legal,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#work", "authors": "European Commission", "date": "1993-01-26", "subjects": "approximation of laws,consumer protection,contract,goods and services,single market,unfair terms of contract", "workIds": "celex:51993PC0011,comnat:COM_1993_0011_FIN", "eurovoc_concepts": ["approximation of laws", "consumer protection", "contract", "goods and services", "single market", "unfair terms of contract"], "url": "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/177d7188-a6fa-48b2-b93d-e1e094610e67", "lang": "eng", "formats": ["pdf"], "text": "COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES \n\nC0M(93) 11 final - SYN 285 \n\nBrussels, 26 January 1993 \n\nRe-examined proposal for a \n\nCOUNCIL DIRECTIVE \n\non unfair terms in consumer contracts \n\n(presented by the Commission pursuant to Article 149. 2(d) \nof the EEC treaty) \n\n\ft -\n\nE x p I ana t or y itsroor andum \n\nOn 15 and 16 December 1992, the European Parliament concluded its second \nreading of the proposal for a Council Directive on unfair terms in \nconsumer contracts and proposed 7 amendments to the common position \nadopted by the Council of Ministers on 22 September 1992. The text of the reexamined proposal clearly incorporates amendments 3 and \n5, as well as the spirit of amendment 4. The 17th and 21st recitals have \nbeen modified on the basis of the amendments to the provisions of the \nDirect ive. Amendments 1, 2, 6 and 7 have been rejected by the Commission. Amendment 3 reintroduces the second general criterion for assessing \nwhether contract terms are unfair, which had been deleted from the \nCommission's amended proposal (March 9 2 ). According to this criterion, a term is regarded as unfair if, contrary to \nthe requirement of good faith, it causes the performance of the contract \nto be significantly different from what the consumer could legitimately \nexpect. Although it could be argued that this situation is, to some \nextent, already covered by the criterion contained in the common \nposition, the inclusion of this second criterion could help to clarify \nthe meaning of the phrase \"unfair term\". It also has the advantage of \nshowing clearly that the requirement of good faith Is not restricted to \nthe circumstances prevailing at the time the contract is drawn up but \nextends to the probable consequences of its performance for the consumer. Amendment 5 is chiefly concerned with wording. The provision in Article \n6(1) of the common position (that unfair terms shall be void) is intended \nspecifically to ensure that no unfair term may be enforced to the \ndetriment of a consumer. The precise legal classification (relative or \nabsolute nullity, non-existence, \"voidance\", etc. ) should be left to the \nlegal system in each Member State. It appears that the term \"void\" is \nstill not sufficiently neutral. This is why the new wording \"not bind the \nconsumer\" has been proposed. Amendment 4 concerns the legal nature of the Annex and aims to \nreintroduce the principle of a \"blacklist\", in other words a list of \nterms always regarded as unfair. However, this is somewhat ill-suited to \nthe present wording of the Annex, chiefly because of the discret ionary \nterms contained in many of its clauses. Furthermore, the discussions within the Council showed that the majority \nof Member States would not readily accept a completely \"black\" list. - 3 -\n\nHowever, the solution envisaged in the common position is not entirely \nsatisfactory either. The idea of an \"indicative\" list is too vague to \ngive a clear indication of the aims. This vagueness would also make the \ntransposition of this part of the text more difficult. In view of this, the Commission feels that it would be useful to give the \nAnnex more specific legal force, and has therefore incorporated the \nspirit of amendment 4 by adopting the principle of a list of types of \nterm presumed to be unfair. Generally speaking, all terms listed can be \npresumed to be unfair, but this presumption may be contested by a seller \nor supplier who uses this type of term in specific situations. AI I the other amendments adopted by the EP were rejected by the \nCommission. Amendments 1 and 2 are based on the idea that the word \"mandatory\" is \nused in this case, as it is in civil law, as distinct from \n\"supplementary\", and are thus aimed at eliminating the contradiction \nbetween Article 1(2) and the 13th recital. In fact, there is no real \ncontradiction because the distinction made in civil law has no relevance \nto the way in which the term \"mandatory\" is used in Article 1(2), where \nit has a more general meaning. Amendment 6 is inadequate for the aims of the Directive. To replace the \nobligation on Member States to ensure the existence of \"adequate and \neffective means. to prevent the continued use of unfair terms\" by the \nobligation to \"prohibit\" unfair terms does not necessarily increase \nconsumer protection. Furthermore, the discussions within the Council \nshowed that the word \"prohibit\" would make it difficult to determine \nwhether penal sanctions should be imposed. Although the control of unfair \nterms by means of penal law may be an effective means of implementing the \nDirective, the Commission considers that it is by no means the only \nadequate way to eliminate the use of unfair terms. Finally, Amendment 7 aims to introduce a 14-day \"cooling-off\" period for \nthe consumer, following the signing of timeshare contracts. Although a \nsimilar provision was included in the Commission's first proposal, the \nCommission has in the meantime presented a specific proposal for a \nDirective aimed at providing protection for consumers in relation to \ncontracts on the use of timeshare property (Com (92) 220 final of \n24. 7. 92). - 4 -\n\nThe proposal for a Directive already incorporates the principle of a \n\"cooling-off\" period, in some cases even longer than that requested by \nthe European Parliament, while at the same time guaranteeing the consumer \nmuch fuller protection. Furthermore, Amendment 7 is not now appropriate to the current text of \nthe common position. - 5 -\n\nReexamined proposal for a Council Directive \non unfair terms in consumer contracts \n\n(presented by the Commission pursuant to Article 149(2)(d) of the EEC \nTreaty) \n\nCommon position of the Council \n\nReexamined proposal \n\nFirst to sixteenth recitals unchanged \n\nSeventeenth recital \n\nSeventeenth recital \n\nWhereas, for the purposes of this \nDirective, the annexed list of terms \ncan be of an indicative value only \nand, because of the minimal \ncharacter of the Directive, the \nscope of these terms may be the \nsubject of amplification or more \nrestrictive editing by the Member \nStates in their national law; \n\nWhereas, for the purposes of this \nDirective, a list of terms presumed \nunfair should be provided in an \nAnnex ; whereas, furthermore. because of the minimal character of \nthe Direct ive. the scope of these \nterms may be the subject of \namplification or more restrictive \nediting by the Member States in \ntheir national law; \n\nEighteenth to twentieth recitals unchanged \n\nTwenty-first recital \n\nTwenty-first recital \n\nWhereas the Member States should \nensure that unfair terms are not \nused in contracts concluded with \nconsumers by a seller or supplier \nand that if, nevertheless, such \nterms are so used, they shall at \nleast be declared void as against \nthe consumer, and the contract shall \ncontinue to bind the parties upon \nthose terms if it is capable of \ncontinuing in existence without the \nunfair provisions; \n\nWhereas the Member States should \nensure that unfair terms are not \nused in contracts concluded with \nconsumers by a seller or supplier \nand that if, nevertheless, such \nterms are so used, they shalI not \nbind the consumer and the contract \nshall continue to bind both parties \nupon those terms if it is capable \nof continuing in existence without \nthe unfair provisions-, \n\n\fCounc i1's common pos i t i on \n\nReexamined proposai \n\n- 6 \n\nTwenty-first to twenty-fourth recitals unchanged \n\nArticles 1 and 2 unchanged \n\nArt icle 3 \n\nArticle 3 \n\n1. 1. A contractual term which has not \nbeen individually negotiated shall \nbe regarded as unfair if, contrary \nto the requirement of good faith, it \ncauses a significant imbalance in \nthe parties' rights and obligations \narising under the contract, to the \ndetriment of the consumer. 1. 1. A contractual term which has not \nbeen individually negotiated shall \nbe regarded as unfair if, in spite \nof the requirement of good faith: \n\n- it causes a significant imbalance \nin the parties' rights and \nobligations arising under the \ncontract, to the detriment of the \nconsumer \n\nor \n\n- it causes the performance of the \ncontract to be significantly \ndifferent from what the consumer \ncould legitimately expect. 2. 2. unchanged \n\n3. The Annex shall contain an \nindicative list of the terms which \nmay be regarded as unfair. 3. The Annex shall contain a list \nof terms presumed to be unfair. Art icle 6 \n\nArt icle 6 \n\nArticles 4 and 5 unchanged \n\n1. Member States shall lay down that \nunfair terms used in a contract \nconcluded with a consumer by a \nseller or supplier shall, as \nprovided for under their national \nlaw, be void as against the consumer \nand that the contract shall continue \nto bind the parties upon those terms \nif it is capable of continuing in \nexistence without the unfair terms. 1. Member States shall lay down that \nunfair terms used in a contract \nconcluded with a consumer by a \nseller or supplier shall, as \nprovided for under their national \nlaw, not bind the consumer and that \nthe contract shall continue to bind \nthe parties upon those terms if it \nis capable of continuing in \nexistence without the unfair terms. -t \n\nCouncil's joint position \n\nReexamined proposa \n\n2. 2. unchanged \n\nArticles 7 to 11 unchanged \n\nAnnex unchanged \n\n\fEuropean Parliament amendments rejected by the Commission \n\n(Amendment 1) \nThirteenth recital \n\nDeleted. whereas in that respect the \nwording \"mandatory, statutory or \nregulatory provisions\" in Article \n1(2) also covers rules which, \naccording to the law, shall apply \nbetween the contracting parties \nprovided that no other arrangements \nhave been established; \n\n(Amendment No 2) \nArticle 1(2) \n\nThe contractual terms which reflect \nmandatory, statutory or regulatory \nprovisions and the provisions or \nprinciples of international \nconventions to which the Member \nStates or the Community are party, \nparticularly in the transport area, \nshall not be subject to the \nprovisions of this Directive. The contractual terms which reflect \nstatutory or regulatory provisions \nand the provisions or principles of \ninternational conventions to which \nthe Member States or the Community \nare party, particularly in the \ntransport area, shall not be \nsubject to the provisions of this \nDirect ive. (Amendment 6) \nArticle 7(1) \n\nThe Member States shall ensure that, \nin the interests of consumers and of \ncompetitors, adequate and effective \nmeans exist to prevent the continued \nuse of unfair terms in contracts \nconcluded with consumers by sellers \nor SUPPIiers. The Member States shall prohibit \nthe use of unfair terms in any \ncontract concluded with a consumer \nby any person acting in the course \nof his trade, business or \nprofession: this prohibition shall \nbe without prejudice to the \nseller's right to obtain \ncompensation from his own supplier \n\n(Amendment 7) \nAnnex, paragraph 1, indent g)a (new) \n\nin the case of contracts relating \nto the purchase of immovable \nproperties on \u00e0 timeshare basis, \nestablishing the date on which the \ncontract is concluded in such a way \nas to make it impossible for the \nconsumer to terminate the contract \nwithin a period of 14 clear days \nfrom the date on which it was \nconcluded. ISSN 0254-1475 \n\nCOM(93) 11 final \n\nDOCUMENTS \n\nEN \n\n10 06 \n\nCatalogue number : CB-CO-93-015-EN-C \n\nISBN 92-77-51948-7 \n\nOffice for Official Publications of the European Communities \nL-2985 Luxembourg"}
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+{"cellarURIs": "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/bc338199-ffd6-4441-9176-836aee8bd491", "title": "RESOLUTION on environment and trade", "langIdentifier": "ENG", "mtypes": "print", "workTypes": "http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#act_preparatory,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#resolution_other_ep,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#resource_legal,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#work", "authors": "Committee on External Economic Relations,European Parliament", "date": "1993-01-22", "subjects": "GATT,environmental protection,trading operation", "workIds": "celex:51992IP0329", "eurovoc_concepts": ["GATT", "environmental protection", "trading operation"], "url": "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/bc338199-ffd6-4441-9176-836aee8bd491", "lang": "eng", "formats": ["print"]}
+{"cellarURIs": "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/2b0ec604-4893-4bdb-afb9-627cfc516f5d", "title": "LEGISLATIVE RESOLUTION embodying the opinion of the European Parliament on the Commission proposal for a Council decision on the conclusion of a trade and economic cooperation agreement between the European Economic Community and the Republic of Mongolia", "langIdentifier": "ENG", "mtypes": "print", "workTypes": "http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#act_preparatory,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#resolution_legislative_ep,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#resource_legal,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#work", "authors": "Committee on External Economic Relations,European Parliament", "date": "1993-01-22", "subjects": "Mongolia,cooperation agreement,economic cooperation,financial cooperation,industrial cooperation,investment policy,technical cooperation,trade agreement,trade cooperation", "workIds": "celex:51992AP0425(01)", "eurovoc_concepts": ["Mongolia", "cooperation agreement", "economic cooperation", "financial cooperation", "industrial cooperation", "investment policy", "technical cooperation", "trade agreement", "trade cooperation"], "url": "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/2b0ec604-4893-4bdb-afb9-627cfc516f5d", "lang": "eng", "formats": ["print"]}
+{"cellarURIs": "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/541e04ae-bd41-4ee7-8b1f-77766c2fb18e", "title": "RESOLUTION on trade and economic relations between the European Community and Japan", "langIdentifier": "ENG", "mtypes": "print", "workTypes": "http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#act_preparatory,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#resolution_other_ep,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#resource_legal,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#work", "authors": "Committee on External Economic Relations,European Parliament", "date": "1993-01-22", "subjects": "EU investment,Japan,economic policy,economic relations,export (EU),import (EU),trade relations", "workIds": "celex:51992IP0390", "eurovoc_concepts": ["EU investment", "Japan", "economic policy", "economic relations", "export (EU)", "import (EU)", "trade relations"], "url": "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/541e04ae-bd41-4ee7-8b1f-77766c2fb18e", "lang": "eng", "formats": ["print"]}
+{"cellarURIs": "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/2d3aea4d-5d87-4d53-8c74-7c1a6e461c07", "title": "RESOLUTION on the coordination of the conditions governing the right to engage in and carry on the profession of Alpine guide in the Member States of the European Community", "langIdentifier": "ENG", "mtypes": "print", "workTypes": "http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#act_preparatory,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#resolution_other_ep,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#resource_legal,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#work", "authors": "Committee on Legal Affairs,European Parliament", "date": "1993-01-22", "subjects": "professional qualifications,professional sport,provision of services,recognition of diplomas,rural tourism,tourist profession,tourist region,vocational training", "workIds": "celex:51992IP0385", "eurovoc_concepts": ["professional qualifications", "professional sport", "provision of services", "recognition of diplomas", "rural tourism", "tourist profession", "tourist region", "vocational training"], "url": "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/2d3aea4d-5d87-4d53-8c74-7c1a6e461c07", "lang": "eng", "formats": ["print"]}
+{"cellarURIs": "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/fc135f25-f8b4-49c0-b459-4256b4f95d47", "title": "RESOLUTION on the setting up of Europol", "langIdentifier": "ENG", "mtypes": "html,print", "workTypes": "http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#act_preparatory,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#resolution_other_ep,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#resource_legal,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#work", "authors": "Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs,European Parliament", "date": "1993-01-22", "subjects": "Europol,drug addiction,drug traffic,fight against crime,judicial cooperation,narcotic,police cooperation,political refugee", "workIds": "celex:51992IP0382", "eurovoc_concepts": ["Europol", "drug addiction", "drug traffic", "fight against crime", "judicial cooperation", "narcotic", "police cooperation", "political refugee"], "url": "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/fc135f25-f8b4-49c0-b459-4256b4f95d47", "lang": "eng", "formats": ["html", "print"]}
+{"cellarURIs": "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/31139597-63a2-4d4c-b13f-4c3702cfc9ea", "title": "The convergence of social protection objectives and policies.", "langIdentifier": "ENG", "mtypes": "pdfa1b,print_sftcv", "workTypes": "http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#publication_general,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#work", "authors": "Directorate-General for Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion,European Commission", "date": "1993-01-22", "subjects": "EU Member State,disability insurance,family benefit,pension scheme,social security", "workIds": "PUB_CENC92005", "eurovoc_concepts": ["EU Member State", "disability insurance", "family benefit", "pension scheme", "social security"], "url": "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/31139597-63a2-4d4c-b13f-4c3702cfc9ea", "lang": "eng", "formats": ["pdfa1b", "print_sftcv"]}
+{"cellarURIs": "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/5467cac9-83ae-4a80-a68d-71dee5a78bad", "title": "RESOLUTION on electric road vehicles for use in town", "langIdentifier": "ENG", "mtypes": "print", "workTypes": "http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#act_preparatory,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#resolution_other_ep,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#resource_legal,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#work", "authors": "Committee on Transport and Tourism,European Parliament", "date": "1993-01-22", "subjects": "air quality,electrical energy,motor car,new technology,road transport,technical standard", "workIds": "celex:51992IP0391(01)", "eurovoc_concepts": ["air quality", "electrical energy", "motor car", "new technology", "road transport", "technical standard"], "url": "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/5467cac9-83ae-4a80-a68d-71dee5a78bad", "lang": "eng", "formats": ["print"]}
+{"cellarURIs": "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/c44052fa-56af-4197-912d-41159ef9c7be", "title": "Commission Regulation (EEC) No 110/93 of 22 January 1993 amending Regulation (EEC) No 2729/81 laying down special rules implemening the system of import and export licences and the advance fixing of refunds in respect of milk and milk products", "langIdentifier": "ENG", "mtypes": "html,pdfa1b,print", "workTypes": "http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#legislation_secondary,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#regulation,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#resource_legal,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#work", "authors": "European Commission", "date": "1993-01-22", "subjects": "export licence,export refund,import licence,milk,milk product", "workIds": "celex:31993R0110,oj:JOL_1993_015_R_0014_028", "eurovoc_concepts": ["export licence", "export refund", "import licence", "milk", "milk product"], "url": "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/c44052fa-56af-4197-912d-41159ef9c7be", "lang": "eng", "formats": ["html", "pdfa1b", "print"]}
+{"cellarURIs": "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/2486d1a5-87d3-4c56-b69d-fcb06a752151", "title": "RESOLUTION on the regional and social redevelopment plan and the Community support framework for the areas of the Federal Republic of Germany included in Objective 2", "langIdentifier": "ENG", "mtypes": "print", "workTypes": "http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#act_preparatory,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#resolution_other_ep,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#resource_legal,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#work", "authors": "Committee on Regional Development,European Parliament", "date": "1993-01-22", "subjects": "Germany,regional development", "workIds": "celex:51992IP0300", "eurovoc_concepts": ["Germany", "regional development"], "url": "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/2486d1a5-87d3-4c56-b69d-fcb06a752151", "lang": "eng", "formats": ["print"]}
+{"cellarURIs": "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/ea034731-1a26-41e2-b7dc-a50a061a4f1a", "title": "Re-examined proposal for a COUNCIL DIRECTIVE amending for the second time Directive 75/716/EEC on the sulphur content of certain liquid fuels", "langIdentifier": "ENG", "mtypes": "pdf", "workTypes": "http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#act_preparatory,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#proposal_act,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#proposal_directive_ec,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#resource_legal,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#work", "authors": "European Commission", "date": "1993-01-22", "subjects": "air quality,diesel fuel,international standard,pollution control,quality of the environment,sulphur", "workIds": "celex:51992PC0600,comnat:COM_1992_0600_FIN", "eurovoc_concepts": ["air quality", "diesel fuel", "international standard", "pollution control", "quality of the environment", "sulphur"], "url": "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/ea034731-1a26-41e2-b7dc-a50a061a4f1a", "lang": "eng", "formats": ["pdf"], "text": "COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COBVMUNITIES \n\n4 \n\n\u2022 \u00ab iv^WfflMS \n\nCOM (91) 600 f i na I SYN340 \n\nBrussels, 22 January 1993 \n\n* * fi* \n* I \n\nl '^ \n\u00bb\"Sa \nL its! \n\nRe-examined proposal for a \n\nCOUNCIL DIRECTIVE \n\nAMENDING FOR THE SECOND TIME \n\nDIRECTIVE 75/716/EEC ON THE \n\nSULPHUR CONTENT OF CERTAIN LIQUID FUELS. V;VSH \n\n(presented by the Commission pursuant to Article 149. 2(d) \nof the EEC treaty) \n\n\u2022 ^ vf \n\n~*~\"l\u00cb~ESt \n\n\f- \n\n-1 -\n\nEXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM \n\nOn 18th November 1992, the European Parliament, in its second reading, \nadopted thirteen amendments to the Common Position of the Council on \nthe Commission proposal for a Council directive on the sulphur content \nof certain liquid fuels COM (91) 154 final as modified by COM (92) 119 \nfinal - SYN 340. 2. The Commission accepts a slightly revised version of amendment N' 2 \n\nand the objectives of amendment N* 11. Amendment N* 2 is a recital which identifies the impact of emissions \noriginating from the fuel in the tanks of vehicles and vessels \nentering Community territory from 3rd countries and seeks action to \naddress this issue. Agreement to this recital is consistent with the \nsupport given after the first reading and the intention to consider \nthis issue in the scope of the report requested by article 2. 2 of the \ncommon pos i 11on. Amendment N* 11 sought to amend article 3 so that it stated a clear \nrestriction of the marketing of fuels which do not meet the levels \nestablished by the directive. This is already established in Articles \n2. 1 and 2. 2 of the Common Position but the Commission agrees that the \nclearer wording sought by this amendment could be introduced into \nthese articles. 3. The reason why the Commission did not accept amendments 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, \n\n7, 8, 9, 10, 12 and 13 which it cannot accept, are as follows: \n\nAmendment N* 1 is for a new recital expressing the need for urgent \naction to achieve drastic reduction. While the need for further \naction is agreed such an alarmist recital is not justified. Amendment N\" 3, part of 4 & 5, part of 8 & 9 seek the introduction of \nthe new limits earlier than proposed in the Common Position. The \nCommission has rejected these amendments on the first reading due to \nthe need, especially in Southern Member States, for adequate time to \nmake the required investments, this continues to be the Commissions \npos J t i on. Amendment N* 6 part 1 and part of amendment N\" 9 seeks the \nimplementation of a second stage of kerosene sulphur reduction before \n1. 10. 98 as opposed to the date of 1. 10. 99 in the Common Position. This issue will be addressed in the report requested under article 2. 2 \nand no firm decision advancing the date should be made prior to that \nreport. Amendment N\" 7 seeks a firm commitment to legislate on the question of \nfuel in tanks of vehicles and vessels from third countries. While the \nCommission considers this an important issue, it cannot accept such a \nfirm commitment. Amendment N* 8 third part requires all petrol filling stations to make \nlow sulphur fuel available from 1. 10. 95. This is considered as an \nexcessive cost to impose for only one year prior to the implementation \ndate of the low sulphur requirement. Amendment N* 9 third part requires the report identified in article \n2. 2 before 1. 7. 93. This deadline is unrealistic given the amount of \nwork required. Amendment N* 10 requires the deletion of the section on the \nnotification procedure of derogation measures - this is not acceptable \nfor legal reasons. Amendment 12 & 13 seeks to bring the directive into force one year \nearlier. This is impractical given the time needed for transposition \nInto national legislation in the Member States. 3 \n\nRe-examined proposal for a Council Directive amending for the second time \nDirective 75/716/EEC on the sulphur content of certain liquid fuels. The Commission assents to the Common Position of the Council as described \nin Council document 7398/1/92 of 27. 07. 1992, subject to the following \namendments : \n\nCommon Position of the Council \n\nAmendments \n\n8th Recital a (new) \n\nWhereas sulphur emissions from inland \nwaterways vessels, coastal vessels, \ndeep sea vessels and motor vehicles \ncrossing the frontier to. or entering \nthe territorial waters of. a Member \nState from a third country maybe a \nsignificant factor in air pollution : \nthere is therefore an urgent need to \nconsider measures that from the \nmoment these vessels and vehicles \ncross the border or enter the \nterritorial waters of a Member State \nthey use only fuel whose sulphur \ncontent complies with the \nrequirements of this Directive; \n\nArticle 2(1) \n\n1. Member States shall, in order to \nreach the particulate emission levels \nlaid down i n spec i f i c Commun 11 y \nDirectives, take all necessary steps \nto ensure that diesel fuels can be \nplaced on the market in the Community \nonly if their sulphur compound \ncontent, expressed in sulphur \n(hereinafter \"sulphur content\"), does \nnot exceed : \n\n1. Member States shall, in order to \nreach the particulate emission levels \nlaid down in specific Community \nDirectives, prohibit the marketing of \ndiesel fuels in the Community if \ntheir sulphur content, expressed in \nsulphur (hereinafter \"sulphur \ncontent\"), exceeds : \n\nArticle 2(2) \n\n2. Member States shall take all \nnecessary steps to ensure that \ngasoils other than, or used for \npurposes other than, those referred \nto in paragraph 1 - with the \nexception of aviation kerosenes -\nmay, as from 1 October 1994, be \nmarketed in the Community only if \ntheir sulphur content does not exceed \n0. 2 % by weight. 2. Member States shall prohibit the \nmarketing of gasoils other than, or \nused for purposes other than, those \nreferred to in paragraph 1 - with the \nexception of kerosenes - as from \n1 October 1994 if their sulphur \ncontent exceeds 0. 2 X by weight. / \n\nE U R O P E AN \n\nP A R L I A M E NT \n\n1 9 92 \u2014 1 9 93 \n\nS E S S I ON \n\nDecision of the European Parliament on the common p o s i t i on established by the \nCouncil with a view to the adoption of a d i r e c t i ve on the sulphur content of \nc e r t a in l i q u id f u e ls (A3-365/92 - C3-359/92). E X T R A CT \n\nF R OM T HE \n\nM I N U T ES \n\nOF \n\nT HE \n\nS I T T I NG \n\nOF \n\n18 November 1992 \n\nDOC EN\\LT\\216\\2167\u20ac3 \n\nPE 162. 863 \n\n\fs \n\nSulphur content of liquid fuels **II \n\nDECISION A3-0365/92 \n(Cooperation procedure: second reading) \n\nDecision on the common position established by the Council with a view to the \nadoption of a directive on the sulphur content of certain liquid fuels \n\nThe European Parliament. having regard to the common position of the Council (C3-0359/92 - SYN 340), \n\nhaving regard to its opinion delivered at first reading on the Commission \nproposal (COM(91)0154), \n\nhaving regard to the amended Commission proposal (COM(92)0119) , \n\nhaving regard to the relevant provisions of the EEC Treaty and its Rules of \nProcedure, \n\n2 \n\n1. Has amended the common position as set out below; \n\n2. Has instructed its President to forward this decision to the Council and \n\nCommmission. Common position of the Council \n\nText amended by Parliament \n\n(Amendment No. 1) \n8th recital \n\nWhereas reducing the sulphur content \nof certain liquid fuels serves to \nfurther one of the Community's \nobjectives, which is to preserve, \nprotect and improve the quality of \nthe environment and to contribute \ntowards protecting human health, by \nrectifying environmental damage at \nsource; \n\nWhereas reducing the sulphur content \nof certain liquid fuels serves to \nfurther one of the Community's \nobjectives, which is to preserve, \nprotect and improve the quality of \nthe environment and to contribute \ntowards protecting human health, by \nrectifying environmental damage at \nsource; whereas in view of the \nalarming \nproblems \nenvironmental \nconnected with air pollution in large \nareas of the Community there is, \ntherefore, an urgent need for a \ndrastic reduction in the sulphur \ncontent of gas oil; \n\nOJ No. C 94, 13. 4. 1992, p. 205 \nOJ No. C 120, 12. 5. 1992, p. 12 \n\nPE 162. 863 \n\n\fG \n\n(Amendment No. 2) \n8th recital a (new) \n\nEN \n\nWhereas sulphur emissions from inland \nwaterways vessels, coastal vessels, \ndeep sea vessels and motor vehicles \ncrossing the frontier to. or_entering \nthe territorial. , waters, ^f^\u201e\u201ea_JMember \nState from a third country are__a_ \nsignificant factor in air pollution; \nwhereas there is therefore an urgent \nneed for measures to ensure that from \nthe moment these vessels and vehicles \ncross the border or enter the \nterritorial waters of a Member State \nthev use only fuel whose sulphur \nthe \ncontent \ncomplies \nrequirements of this Directive; \n\nwith \n\n(Amendment No. 3) \n10th recital \n\nWhereas Member States must take steps \nto ensure that diesel fuels of a \nmaximum sulphur content of 0. 05% by \nweight are gradually made available; \n\nWhereas, with effect from 1 October \n1995. a diesel fuel of a maximum \nsulphur content of 0. 05% bv weight is \nessential to comply with second-step \nstandards for particulate emissions \npursuant to Directive 88/77/EE\u00c7; \nwhereas Member States must therefore \ntake steps to ensure that diesel \nfuels of a maximum sulphur content of \n0. 05% by weight are gradually made \navailable; \n\n(Amendment No. 4) \n11th recital \n\nWhereas, in order to attain the \nparticulate emission levels set in \nspecific Community Directives, the \nsulphur content of diesel fuels \nplaced on the market within the \nCommunity may not exceed 0. 2% by \nweight as from 1 October 1994 and \n0. 05% by weight as from 1 October \n1996; whereas the Member States roust \ntake appropriate measures to achieve \nthat objective; \n\nWhereas, in order to attain the \nparticulate emission levels set in \nspecific Community Directives, the \nsulphur content of diesel fuels \nplaced on the market within the \nCommunity may not exceed 0. 2% by \nweight as from 1 April 1994 and 0. 05% \nby weight as from 1 April 1996; \nwhereas the Member States must take \nappropriate measures to achieve that \nobjective; whereas it would be \nparticularly appropriate, for the \nJfeh. e. purpose \nrequirements of EEC Directives \non \nreducing harmful gaseous substancqs \nfrom diesel vehicles, to JJ> iJUse \nfiscal inducements to ensure tho \navailability as soon as POSSib 1 e__. pf \ndiesel fuel and heating gas oil with \na sulphur content of 0. 05%. J>y_jte. ighjti \n\n_&f. ^^SAtl&f. y. ingL \n\nPE 162. 863 \n\n\f? \n\n(Amendment No. 5) \n12th recital \n\nWhereas the increasing use of gas oil \nfor motor vehicles implies further \nefforts with regard to the quality of \ndiesel fuel, in order to limit the \nadverse effects of such use on air \nquality; whereas setting a maximum \nsulphur content of 0. 05% by weight to \napply from 1 October 1996 for diesel \nfuel allows the industries concerned \nsufficient time to make the technical \nadjustments required; \n\nWhereas the increasing use of gas oil \nfor motor vehicles implies further \nefforts with regard to the quality of \ndiesel fuel, in order to limit the \nadverse effects of such use on air \nquality; whereas setting a maximum \nsulphur content of 0. 05% by weight to \napply from 1 April 1996 for diesel \nfuel allows the industries concerned \nsufficient time to make the technical \nadjustments required; \n\n(Amendment No. 6) \n13th recital \n\nquality \n\nimprovement \n\nWhereas the other uses of gas oils \nand medium oils require an effort to \nbe made to reduce air pollution, \nwherein account should be taken of \ntheir contribution having regard to \nand \nair \nenvironmental costs and benefits; \nwhereas the Commission should submit \nto the Council, which will take a \ndecision thereon by 31 July 1994 at \nthe latest, a proposal introducing, \nby 1 October 1999 at the latest, a \nlower limit for the sulphur content \nand setting new limit values for \naviation kerosenes; \n\nquality \n\nimprovement \n\nWhereas the other uses of gas oils \nand medium oils require an effort to \nbe made to reduce air pollution, \nwherein account should be taken of \ntheir contribution having regard to \nand \nair \nenvironmental costs and benefits; \nwhereas the Commission should submit \nto the Council, which will take a \ndecision thereon by 31 July 1994 at \nthe latest, a proposal introducing, \nby 1 October 1998 at the latest, a \nlower limit for the sulphur content \nand setting new limit values for \naviation kerosenes; whereas the \nquality of diesel fuel must also be \nImproved with regard tP the \u00e7etane \nnumber (at least 50) and the \nproportion of aromatics (a maximum of \nIOJLLL \n\n(Amendment No. 7) \nArticle 1(2) \n\n2. This Directive shall not apply to \ngas oils: \n\n2. This Directive shall not apply to \ngas oils: \n\ncontained in the fuel tanks of \nvessels, aircraft or motor \nvehicles crossing a frontier \nbetween a third country and a \nMember State; \nintended for processing prior to \nfinal consumption. intended for processing prior to \nfinal consumption; \ncontained in the fuel tanks of \nvessels, aircraft or motor \nvehicles crossing a frontier \nbetween a third country and a \nMember State. PE 162. 863 \n\n\fOn a proposal from the Commission \nthe Council shall decide. no. later than 31 July 1994, on \nmeasures to ensure that with \neffect from 1 October 1995 these \nvessels and vehicles only use \nwithin the Community gas oils \nwith a sulphur content which \ncomplies with the provisions of \nthis Directive. (Amendment No. 8) \nArticle 2(1) \n\n1. Member States shall, in order to \nreach the particulate emission levels \nlaid down in specific \nCommunity \nDirectives, take all necessary steps \nto ensure that diesel fuels can be \nplaced on the market in the Community \ncompound \nonly \nif \ncontent, \nsulphur \n(hereinafter 'sulphur content'), does \nnot exceed: \n\ntheir \nexpressed \n\nsulphur \nin \n\n1. Member States shall, in order to \nreach the particulate emission levels \nlaid down in specific \nCommunity \nDirectives, take all necessary steps \nto ensure that diesel fuels can be \nplaced on the market in the Community \ncompound \nonly \nif \ncontent, \nsulphur \n(hereinafter ' sulphur content ' ), does \nnot exceed: \n\ntheir \nexpressed \n\nsulphur \nin \n\n0. 2% by weight as from 1 October \n1994, \n0. 05% by weight as from 1 October \n1996. 0. 2% by weight as from 1 April \n1994, \n0. 05% by weight as from 1 April \n1996, \n0. 02% bv weight as from 1 October \n\n- \n\nMember States shall take steps to \nensure that the diesel fuels referred \nto in the first paragraph with a \nsulphur content not exceeding 0. 05% \nby \nmade \navailable. gradually \n\nweight \n\nare \n\nare \n\nweight \n\ngradually \n\nMember States shall take steps to \nensure that the diesel fuels referred \nto in the first paragraph with a \nsulphur content not exceeding 0. 05% \nby \nmade \navailable. Steps shall be taken to \nensure \nall \nthe \nfilling \nCommunity with effect from 1 October \n1995 of fuel for vehicles with diesel \nengines which have to satisfy the \nrequirements Of the Second stage of \nDirective 91/542/EEC with effect from \nthat flate, \n\nat \nthroughout \n\navailability \n\nstations \n\nthe \n\nPC 142. 8*3 \n\n\f3 \n\n(Amendment No. 9) \nArticle 2(2) \n\nEN \n\n2. Member States shall take all \nnecessary steps to ensure that gas \noils other than, or used for purposes \nother than, those referred to in \nparagraph 1 (with the exception. of \naviation kerosenes*) may, as from 1 \nOctober 1994. be marketed in the \nCommunity only if their sulphur \ncontent does not exceed 0. 2% bv \nweight, \n\n2. Member States shall take all \nnecessary steps to ensure that gas \noils other than, or used for purposes \nother than, those referred to in \nparagraph 1 - with the exception of \naviation kerosenes - may be marketed \nin the Community only if their \nsulphur content does not exceed \n\n0. 2% by weight from 1 April 1994. Ot 1% PV weight from 1 \n1996, \n\nOctober \n\nsulphur \n\ncontrolling \n\nBefore 1 January 1994. the Commission \nshall indicate, in a report to the \nCouncil, what progress has been made \ndioxide \nin \nemissions. At the same time it shall \nsubmit to the Council a proposal, in \nthe more general framework of the \npolicy to improve air quality, for \ntransition to a second phase. prescribing a lower limit bv 1 \nOctober 1999 at the latest. aM \nsetting new limit values for aviation \nkerosene. Before 1 July 1993. the Commission \nshall indicate, in a report to the \nCouncil, what progress has been made \ndioxide \nin \nemissions and submit a proposal, in \nthe more general framework of the \npolicy to improve air quality, \n\ncontrolling \n\nsulphur \n\nprescribing a further reduction \nin the sulphur content of these \ngas oils with effect from 1 \nQCtPper 1998, \nsetting new limit values for \naviation kerosene with effect \nfrom 1 October 1998. establishing \nqualitative \na \nimprovement in diesel fuel bv \nsetting the cetane number at a \nminimum of 50 and the proportion \nof aromatics at a maximum of 10%. The Council shall act by a qualified \nmajority by 31 July 1994 at the \nlatest. The Council shall act, pursuant to \nArticle 100a. by a qualified majority \nby 31 July 1994 at the latest. * \n\nThis phrase \nEnglish \nposition. is missing \n\nversion \n\nof \n\nfrom \n\nthe \nthe common \n\nPE 162. 863 \n\n\fiO \n\nEN \n\n(Amendment No. 10) \nArticle 2(3), first subparagraph \n\nit \n\nproducts, \n\n3. If, as the result of a sudden \nchange in the supply of crude oil or \npetroleum \nbecomes \ndifficult for a Member State to apply \nthe limit on the maximum sulphur \ncontent of gas oil, that Member State \nshall inform the Commission thereof. The Commission may authorize a higher \nlimit to be applicable within the \nterritory of that Member State for a \nperiod not exceeding six months. it \n\nproducts, \n\n3. If, as the result of a sudden \nchange in the supply of crude oil or \npetroleum \nbecomes \ndifficult for a Member State to apply \nthe limit on the maximum sulphur \ncontent of gas oil, that Member State \nshall inform the Commission thereof. The Commission may authorize a higher \nlimit to be applicable within the \nterritory of that Member State for a \nperiod not exceeding^ six^ months, and \nshall notify its decision to the \nAnv Member State mav \nCouncil. contest that decision pgfpre the \nCouncil within one jaonth. \u00a3he. \u00e7pun\u00e7i;, act\u00e2thg W \na qraUfi-vd \nmaiprityi way adppt a different \ndecision within two months. (Amendment No. 11) \nArticle 3 \n\nNo Member State mav. as from the \ndates of application laid down in \nArticle 2(1) and (2), prohibit, \nrestrict or prevent the placing on \nthe market of gas oils, on the \ngrounds of their sulphur content\u00bb if \nthose gas oils comply with the \nrequirements of this Directive. Member States must. as from the dates \nof application laid down in Article \n2(1)or (3), prohibit the marketing of \ngas oils if thev do not comply with \nthe requirements of this Directive. (Amendment No. 12) \nArticle 5 \n\nAs from 1 October 1994. Directive \n75/716/EEC shall be replaced by this \nDirective. As from 1 October 1993. Directive \n75/716/EEC shall be replaced by this \nDirective. (Amendment No. 13) \nArticle 6, first paragraph \n\nlaws, \n\nregulations \n\nMember States will bring into force \nthe \nand \nadministrative provisions necessary \nto comply with this Directive not \nlater than 1 October 1994. They shall \nforthwith inform the Commission \nthereof. laws, \n\nregulations \n\nMember States will bring into force \nthe \nand \nadministrative provisions necessary \nto comply with this Directive not \nlater than 1 October 1993. They \nshall forthwith inform the Commission \nthereof. <T \n\nPE 162. 863 \n\n\f\f4 0 \n\nISSN 0254-1475 \n\nCOM(92) 600 final \n\nDOCUMENTS \n\nEN \n\n14 \n\nCatalogue number : CB-CO-92-628-EN-C \n\nISBN 92-77-51530-9 \n\nOffice for Official Publications of the European Communities \nL-2985 Luxembourg"}
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+{"cellarURIs": "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/8324c022-3e25-4ddb-a315-35184796c716", "title": "Proposal for a COUNCIL DECISION on the conclusion of the Agreements in the form of an exchange of letters between the European Economic Community and, on the one hand, Barbados, Belize, the People' s Republic of the Congo, Fiji, the Cooperative Republic of Guyana, the Republic of the Ivory Coast, Jamaica, the Republic of Kenya, the Democratic Republic of Madagascar, the Republic of Malawi, Mauritius, the Republic of Surinam, St. Christopher and Nevis, the Kingdom of Swaziland, the United Republic of Tanzania, Trinidad and Tobago, the Republic of Uganda, the Republic of Zimbabwe and, on the other hand, the Republic of India on the guaranteed prices for cane sugar for the 1992/93 delivery period", "langIdentifier": "ENG", "mtypes": "pdf", "workTypes": "http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#act_preparatory,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#proposal_act,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#proposal_other,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#resource_legal,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#work", "authors": "European Commission", "date": "1993-01-20", "subjects": "ACP countries,India,agreement (EU),cane sugar,guaranteed price,protocol on sugar", "workIds": "celex:51993PC0009", "eurovoc_concepts": ["ACP countries", "India", "agreement (EU)", "cane sugar", "guaranteed price", "protocol on sugar"], "url": "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/8324c022-3e25-4ddb-a315-35184796c716", "lang": "eng", "formats": ["pdf"], "text": "COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES \n\nCOM(93) 9 final \n\nBrussels, 20 January 1993 \n\nCommission Communication to the Council on the guaranteed prices \n\napplicable in the 1992/93 delivery period to cane sugar \n\noriginating in the ACP states referred to in Protocol 8 \n\nannexed to the Fourth ACP-EEC convention and in India \n\nProposal for a \n\nCOUNCIL DECISION \n\non the conclusion of the Agreements in the form of an exchange of letters \n\nbetween the European Economic community and, on the one hand, Barbados, \n\nBelize, the People's Republic of the Congo, Fiji, the Cooperative Republic \n\nof Guyana, the Republic of the Ivory Coast, Jamaica, the Republic of Kenya, \n\nthe Democratic Republic of Madagascar, the Republic of Malawi, Mauritius, \n\nthe Republic of Surinam, St. Christopher and Nevis, the Kingdom of \n\nSwaziland, the United Republic of Tanzania, Trinidad and Tobago, the \n\nRepublic of Uganda, the Republic of Zimbabwe and, on the other hand, the \n\nRepublic of India on the guaranteed prices for cane sugar for the 1992/93 \n\ndelivery period \n\n(presented by the Commission) \n\n\f- 2 -\n\nCommission communication to the Council on the guaranteed prices \n\napplicable in the 1992/93 delivery period to cane sugar \n\noriginating in the ACP states referred to in Protocol 8 \n\nannexed to the Fourth ACP-EEC Convention and in India \n\n1. Protocol No 8 on ACP sugar annexed to the Fourth ACP-EEC Convention and the \n\nagreement on sugar between the European Economic Community and the Republic \n\nof India provide for a Community undertaking to purchase and import at \n\nguaranteed prices cane sugar which the exporting countries concerned cannot \n\nmarket in the Community at prices equivalent to or higher than the guaranteed \n\nprices. 2. For the 1992/93 delivery period, the Commission has negotiated guaranteed \n\nprices with the ACP States and the Republic of India pursuant to Articles \n\n5(4) of Protocol No 8 on ACP sugar and the agreement with India on cane sugar \n\nas well as in conformity with the guidelines for negotiations given by the \n\nCouncil on 23. 7. 1992. 3. The Commission therefore proposes that the Council adopt the proposal for a \n\ndecision on the conclusion of the agreements in the form of an exchange of \n\nletters as set out in Annex 1. 4. Financial impact: These proposals have no financial impact other than that \n\ntaken into account within the framework of the 1992 budget and the 1993 \n\npreliminary draft budget (see financial statement accompanying the \n\nrecommendation for a Council decision authorizing the Commission to negotiate \n\nthe guaranteed prices for 1992/93). - 3 -\n\nProposal for a \n\nCOUNCIL DECISION \n\non the conclusion of the Agreements in the form of an exchange d$ letters between \n\nthe European Economic Community and, on the one hand, Barbados, Belize, the \n\nPeople's Republic of the Congo, Fiji, the Cooperative Republic of Guyana, the \n\nRepublic of the Ivory Coast, Jamaica, the Republic of Kenya, the \u00a9eroocratic \n\nRepublic of Madagascar, the Republic of Malawi, Mauritius, the Republic of \n\nSurinam, St. Christopher and Nevis, the Kingdom of Swaziland. , the United Republic \n\nof Tanzania, Trinidad and Tobago, tne Republic of Uganda, the Republic of \n\nZimbabwe and, on the other hand, the Republic of India on the guaranteed prices \n\nfor cane sugar for the 1992/93 delivery period \n\nTHE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, \n\nHaving regard to the Treaty^establishing the European Economic Community, and in \n\nparticular Article 113 thereof, \n\nHaving regard to the proposal from the Commission, \n\nWhereas implementation of Protocol 8 on ACP Sugar annexed to the Fourth ACP-EEC \n\nConvention(*} and of the Agreement betweea the European Economic Community and \n\nthe Republic of India on cane sugar*2) is carried out, in accordance with \n\nArticle 1(2) of each, within the framework of the management of the common \n\norganization of the atigar market, \n\nwhereas it is appropriate to approve the Agreement\u00bb in the form of exchange of \n\nletters between the European Economic Community and, on the one hand, the States \n\nreferred to in the Protocol and, on the other hand, the Republic of India on the \n\nguaranteed prices for cane sugar for the 1992/93 delivery period, \n\nHAS DECIDED AS FOLLOWS: \n\n(1) OJ No L 299, 17. 8. 1991, p. 1. (2) OJ No L 190, 22. 7. 1975, p. 35. 4 -\n\nArticle 1 \n\nThe Agreements in the form of exchange of letters between the European Economic \n\ncommunity and, on the one hand, Barbados, Belize, the People's Republic of the \n\nCongo, Fiji, the Cooperative R\u00e9public of Guyana, the Republic of the ivory Coast, \n\nJamaica, the Republic of Kenya, the Democratic Republic of Madagascar, the \n\nRepublic of Malawi, Mauritius, the Republic of Surinam, St. Christopher and \n\nNevis, the Kingdom of Swaziland, the United Republic of Tanzania, Trinidad and \n\nTobago, the Republic of Uganda, the Republic of Zimbabwe and, on the other hand, \n\nthe Republic of India on the guaranteed prices for cane sugar for the 1992/93 \n\ndelivery period are hereby approved on behalf of the Community. The text of the Agreement is attached to this Decision. Article 2 \n\nThe President of the Council is hereby authorized to designate the person \n\nempowered to sign the Agreements referred to in Article 1 in order to bind the \n\nCommunity. Article 3 \n\nThis Decision will be published in the Official Journal of the European \n\nCommunities. Done at Brussels, \n\nFor the Council \n\n\f- 5 -\n\nText No I \n\nAGREEMENT \n\nin the form of exchange of letters between the European Economic Community and, \n\nBarbados, Belize, the People's Republic of the Congo, Fiji, the cooperative \n\nRepublic of Guyana, the Republic of the Ivory Coast, Jamaica, the Republic of \n\nKenya, the Democratic Republic of Madagascar, the Republic of Malawi, Mauritius, \n\nthe Republic of Surinam, St. Christopher and Nevis, the Kingdom of Swaziland, th\u00e9 \n\nUnited Republic of Tanzania, Trinidad and Tobago, the Republic of. Uganda, and the \n\nRepublic of of Zimbabwe on the guaranteed prices for cane sugar for the 1992/93 \n\ndelivery period. , \n\nLetter No 1 \n\nThe representatives of the AGP States referred to in Protocol 8 on ACP sugar \n\nannexed to the Fourth ACP-EEC Convention of Lom\u00e9 and of the commission on \n\nbehalf of the European Economic Community, have agreed, pursuant to the \n\nprovisions of the said Protocol, on the following: \n\nFor the delivery period 1 July 1992 to 30 June 1993, the guaranteed prices \n\nreferred to in Article 5(4) of the Protocol shall, for the purpose of \n\nintervention within the terms of Article 6 of the Protocol, be: \n\n(a) for raw sugar, \n\n43,94 ECU per 100 kilograms; \n\n(b) for white sugar, \n\n54,22 ECU per 100 kilograms. These prices shall refer to sugar of standard quality as defined in Community \n\nlegislation, unpacked, cif, free out of European ports of the community. The \n\nintroduction of these prices in no way prejudices the respective positions of \n\nthe Contracting Parties in respect of the principles appertaining to the \n\ndetermination of the guaranteed prices. - 6 -\n\nI should be obliged if you would acknowledge receipt of this letter and confirm \n\nthat this letter and your reply constitute an Agreement between teh Governments \n\nof the abovementioned ACP States and the Community. Please accept, sir, the assurance of my highest consideration. For the Council \n\nof the European Communities \n\nLetter No 2 \n\nSir, \n\nI have the honour to acknowledge receipt of your letter of today which reads as \n\nfollows : \n\nI have the honour to confirm the agreement of the Governments of the ACP States \n\nreferred to in this letter with the foregoing. Please accept, sir, the assurance of my highest consideration. For the Governments \n\n\f- 7 -\n\nText No II \n\nAGREEMENT \n\nin the form of an exchange of letters between the European Economic Community and \n\nthe Republic of India on the guaranteed prices for cane sugar for 1992/93 \n\nLetter No 1 \n\nBrussels. Sir, \n\nThe Representatives of India and of the Commission, on behalf of the European \n\nEconomic community, have agreed within the framework of the negotiations \n\nprovided for in Article 5(4) of the Agreement between the European Economic \n\nCommunity and the Republic of India on cane sugar, on the following: \n\n- for the period 1 July 1992 to 30 June 1993 the guaranteed prices referred \n\nto in Article 5(4) of the Agreement shall, for the purpose of intervention \n\nwithin the terms of Article 6 of the Agreement, be: \n\n(a) for raw sugar, \n\n43,94 ECU per 100 kilograms; \n\n(b) for white sugar, \n\n54,22 ECU per 100 kilograms. These prices shall refer to sugar of standard quality as defined in Community \n\nlegislation, unpacked, cif, free out of European ports of the Community. The \n\nintroduction of these prices in no way prejudices the respective positions of \n\nthe Contracting Parties in respect of the principles appertaining to the \n\ndetermination of the guaranteed prices. I should be obliged if you would acknowledge receipt of this letter and confirm \n\nthat this letter and your reply constitute an Agreement between your Government \n\nand the Community. Please accept, Sir, the assurance of my highest consideration. For the Council of the \n\nEuropean CoiTimuniti. es \n\n\f-8 - ;:;' ; \n\nLetter No 2 \n\nSir, \n\nI have the honour to acknowledge receipt of your letter of today which reads as \n\nfollows : \n\nI have the honour to confirm the agreement of my Government with the foregoing \n\nPlease accept, Sir, the assurance of my highest consideration. For the Government of \n\nthe Republic of India \n\n\fFINANCIAL STATEMENT \n\n1. BUDGET HEADING: 11 \n\n2. TITLE: \n\nDATE: \n\nAPPROPRIATIONS: ECU 2 110 mi II ion \n\nRecaimendation for a Decision of the Council to authorize the Conmission to negotiate the guaranteed \nprices applicable in the 1992/93 delivery period to cane sugar originating in the ACP States referred to \nin Article 8 annexed to the Fourth EEC-ACP Convention and in India. 3. LEGAL BASIS: Article 113 of the Treaty \n\n4. AIMS OF PROJECT: \n\nTo guarantee cif prices for the ACP States and the Republic of India for their deliveries of white sugar \nand raw cane sugar to the Comrunity which are comparable with the prices guaranteed to sugar \nproducers in the Ccrmunity for the 1992/93 delivery period. 5. FINANCIAL IMPLICATIONS \n\n5. 0 EXPENDITURE \n\n- CHARGED TO THE EC BUDGET \n- (REFUNDS/INTERVENT ION) \n- NATIONAL ADMINISTRATION \n-OTHER \n\n5. 0. 1 ESTIMATED EXPENDITURE \n5. 1. 1 ESTIMATED REVENUE \n\n5. 2 METHOD OF CALCULATION: \n\nPeriod of 12 months \n\nCurrent Financial Year \n1992 \n\nFollowing Financial Year \n1993 \n\nECU million \n\nECU mi 11 ion \n\nECU mi I lion \n\n638 \n\n1994 \n\n49 \n\n1995 \n\n589 \n\n1,3 mil I ion t x ECU 415/t (refunds) \n1,1 million t x ECU 15,8/t (refining aid) \n1,1 million t x ECU 1,125/t (aid to UK) \n\nx 1,114 (DR) - ECU 617 million (B) \nx 1,145 (DR) - ECU 20 mi 11 ion (B) \nx 1,116 (DR) = ECU 1 million (B) \n\nIn 1993: ECU 617 mi 11 ion x 0,92 (export coefficient) + ECU 21 mi 11 ion = ECU 589 mi 11 ion \nIn 1994: ECU 617 mi I Mon x 0,03 (export coefficient) \n\n- E CU 49 mi 11 ion \n\nECU 638 million (B) \n\n6. 0 CAN THE PROJECT BE FINANCED FROM APPROPRIATIONS ENTERED IN THE RELEVANT CHAPTER OF THE CURRENT BUDGET? \n\n6. 1 CAN THE PROJECT BE FINANCED BY TRANSFER BETWEEN CHAPTERS OF THE CURRENT BUDGET? \n\n6. 2 IS A SUPPLEMENTARY BUDGET NECESSARY? \n\n6. 3 WILL FUTURE BUDGET APPROPRIATIONS BE NECESSARY (1994) ? \n\nYES \n\nND \n\nYES \n\nOBSERVATIONS: \nThis is an implementing regulation under Protocol 8 annexed to the Fourth Lone Convention. Accordingly, it has no new financial impact compared with the previous situation. The cost of re-exporting equivalent quantities of Comunity sugar and of aid for the refining of raw sugar \nestimated at ECU 638 mi 11 ion, wi11 be taken into account in the 1993 preliminary draft budget. ISSN 0254-1475 \n\nCOM (93) 9 final \n\nDOCUMENTS \n\nEN \n\n02 il \n\nCatalogue number : CB-CO-93-012-EN-C \n\nISBN 92-77-51921-5 \n\nOffice for Official Publications of the European Communities \nLr2985 Luxembourg"}
+{"cellarURIs": "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/7cdb66a9-7a19-4fff-b2d4-07d7da1125ef", "title": "Proposal for a COUNCIL DECISION AUTHORIZING THE UNITED KINGDOM TO APPLY AN OPTIONAL MEASURE DEROGATING FROM ARTICLE 17 OF THE SIXTH DIRECTIVE (77/388/EEC) ON THE HARMONIZATION OF THE LAWS OF THE MEMBER STATES RELATING TO TURNOVER TAXES", "langIdentifier": "ENG", "mtypes": "pdf", "workTypes": "http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#act_preparatory,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#proposal_act,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#proposal_other,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#resource_legal,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#work", "authors": "European Commission", "date": "1993-01-20", "subjects": "United Kingdom,VAT,basis of tax assessment,inflation,tax relief,turnover", "workIds": "celex:51993PC0007,comnat:COM_1993_0007_FIN", "eurovoc_concepts": ["United Kingdom", "VAT", "basis of tax assessment", "inflation", "tax relief", "turnover"], "url": "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/7cdb66a9-7a19-4fff-b2d4-07d7da1125ef", "lang": "eng", "formats": ["pdf"], "text": "COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN CCfttofDNITIES \n\nCOHC^a)7 final \n\nBrussels, 20 January 1993 \n\nProposal for a \n\nCOUNCIL DECISION \n\nAUTHORIZING THE UNITED KINGDOM TO APPLY AN OPTIONAL MEASURE \n\nDEROGATING FROM ARTICLE 17 OF THE SIXTH DIRECTIVE (77/388/EEC) \n\nON THE HARMONIZATION OF THE LAWS OF THE MEMBER STATES \n\nRELATING TO TURNOVER TAXES \n\n(presented by the Commission) \n\n\fA \n\nEXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM \n\nBy Council Decision 90/497/EEC of 24 September 1990W, the \nUnited Kingdom was authorized, on the basis of Article 27(1) to \n(4) of the Sixth VAT Directive 77/388/EECC2), to apply a measure \nderogating from Article 17(1) of that Directive until \n31 December 1992. The object of that derogation, which is designed to simplify \ncollection of the tax, is to permit deduction of input tax by \nfirms that have opted for the simplified scheme only when it is \npaid to the supplier. Under this simplified scheme, firms whose \nturnover does not exceed a given ceiling may defer payment of \ntax until receipt of the price. By letter dated 26 October 1992 and received by the \nCommission's Secretariat-General on 28 October 1992, the United \nKingdom Government submitted to the Commission a request for \nthe previously authorized derogation to be extended until \n31 December 1996 and for the ceiling to be increased from \nUKL 300 000 to UKL 350 000. In accordance with Article 27(3) of the Sixth Directive, the \ndated \nother Member \n27 November 1992 of the United Kingdom's request. States were \n\ninformed \n\nletter \n\nby \n\nThe United Kingdom considers the extension of the derogation to \nbe amply justified in view of the limited number of firms that \nhave opted for the simplified scheme and the favourable \nreception given it by the business organizations concerned. The Commission notes that in 1990 the derogation was authorized \nby the Council with a turnover limit which was, at the time, \napproximately equivalent to ECU 410 000. In its present request \nfor authorization, the United Kingdom authorities wish the \nturnover limit to be increased to UKL 3 50 000, which is \n\n(1) OJ L 276 of 6. 10. 1990, p. 45. (2) OJ L 145 of 13. 6. 1977, p. 1. approximately \nconsidered by the Commission to be acceptable. equal to ECU 432 000. This adjustment is \n\nThe Commission considers the derogation from Article 17(1) to \nbe a reasonable adjustment to the option provided for in \nArticle 10(2). The Commission considers that the United Kingdom can be \nauthorized to apply the derogation for a period expiring on \n31 December 1996. This further authorization does not of course \nprejudice the solution to be adopted for the right of deduction \nunder the proposed 22nd VAT Directive on the VAT scheme \napplicable to small and medium-sized businesses. Proposal for a \n\nCOUNCIL DECISION \n\nAUTHORIZING THE UNITED KINGDOM TO APPLY AN OPTIONAL MEASURE \nDEROGATING FROM ARTICLE 17 OF THE SlXTII DIRECTIVE (77/388/EEC) \nON THE HARMONIZATION OF THE LAWS OF THE MEMBER STATES \nRELATING TO TURNOVER TAXES \n\nTHE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, \n\nHaving regard to the Treaty establishing the European Economic \n\nCommunity, \n\nHaving regard to the Sixth Council Directive (77/388/EEC) of \n17 May 1977 on the harmonization of the laws of the Member \nStates relating to turnover taxes - Common system of value \nadded tax: uniform basis of assessment^, hereinafter referred \nto as the \"Sixth Directive\", and in particular Article 27 \nthereof, \n\nHaving regard to the proposal from the Commission, \n\nWhereas, under the terms of Article 27(1) of the Sixth \nDirective, the Council, acting unanimously on a proposal from \nthe Commission, may authorize any Member State to introduce \nspecial measures for derogation from the provisions of that \nDirective in order to simplify the procedure for charging the \ntax or to prevent certain types of tax evasion or avoidance; \n\nWhereas the United Kingdom was authorized by Council Decision \n90/497/EEC adopted on 24 September 1990<2) in accordance with \nthe procedure laid down in Article 27(1) to (4) of the Sixth \n\n(1) OJ L 145 of 13. 6. 1977, p. 1. (2) OJ L 276 of 6. 10. 1990, p. 45. Directive to apply a measure derogating from Article 17(1) of \nthe said Directive until 31 December 1992; \n\ny \n\nWhereas the United Kingdom, by means of a letter dated \n26 October 1992 \non \n28 October 1992, requested authorization to extend the said \nderogation until 31 December 1996; \n\nCommission \n\nreceived \n\nthe \n\nand \n\nby \n\nWhereas the other Member \n27 November 1992 of the United Kingdom's request; \n\nStates were informed on \n\nWhereas this special measure derogating from Article 17(1) of \nthe Sixth Directive forms part of an optional system of \ntaxation for firms with an annual turnover of less than \nUKL 350 000 based on the third subparagraph of paragraph 2 of \nArticle 10 of the Sixth Directive, which permits payment of tax \nto be deferred until receipt of the price; \n\nWhereas the United Kingdom wishes to increase the turnover \nceiling from UKL 300 000 to UKL 350 000 to take account of \ninflation; \n\nWhereas that request can be accepted in view of the limited \nnumber of firms that have opted for this simplified scheme and \nthe limited duration of this extension; \n\nWhereas the derogation in question does not have a negative \neffect on the own resources of the European Communities \naccruing from VAT, \n\nHAS ADOPTED THIS DECISION: \n\n\fArticle 1 \n\nBy way of derogation from the provisions of Article 17(1) of \nthe Sixth VAT Directive, the United Kingdom is hereby \nauthorized until 31 December 1996, to provide within an \noptional scheme that enterprises with an annual turnover of \nless than UKL 350 000 must postpone the right of deduction of \ntax until it has been paid to the supplier. Article 2 \n\nThis Decision is addressed to the United Kingdom. Done at Brussels, \n\nFor the Council, \nThe President \n\n\fr \n\nISSN 0254-1475 \n\nCOM (93) 7 final \n\nDOCUMENTS \n\nEN \n\n09 \n\nCatalogue number : CB-CO-93-013-EN-C \n\nISBN 92-77-51930-4 \n\nOffice for Official Publications of the European Communities \nL-2985 Luxembourg"}
+{"cellarURIs": "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/549dfed0-4b32-45e4-a91f-585c42a4545d", "title": "Decision No 1/93 of the EEC-Iceland Joint Committee of 20 January 1993 amending Protocol 3 concerning the definition of the concept of originating products and methods of administrative cooperation", "langIdentifier": "ENG", "mtypes": "html,pdfa1b,print", "workTypes": "http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#act_body_agreement_international,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#agreement_international,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#resource_legal,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#work", "authors": "EC\u2013Iceland Joint Committee", "date": "1993-01-20", "subjects": "Iceland,agreement (EU),hides and furskins industry,originating product,protocol to an agreement", "workIds": "celex:21993D0220(03),oj:JOL_1993_043_R_0040_042", "eurovoc_concepts": ["Iceland", "agreement (EU)", "hides and furskins industry", "originating product", "protocol to an agreement"], "url": "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/549dfed0-4b32-45e4-a91f-585c42a4545d", "lang": "eng", "formats": ["html", "pdfa1b", "print"]}
+{"cellarURIs": "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/3e8b101f-77b7-4ed6-9e3a-ddc1c0a28c92", "title": "LEGISLATIVE RESOLUTION embodying the opinion of the European Parliament on the Commission proposal for a Council directive supplementing the statute for a European mutual society with regard to the involvement of employees (Cooperation procedure: first reading)", "langIdentifier": "ENG", "mtypes": "print", "workTypes": "http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#act_preparatory,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#resolution_legislative_ep,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#resource_legal,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#work", "authors": "Committee on Legal Affairs,European Parliament", "date": "1993-01-20", "subjects": "European social policy,labour law,mutual assistance scheme", "workIds": "celex:51993AP0001(05)", "eurovoc_concepts": ["European social policy", "labour law", "mutual assistance scheme"], "url": "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/3e8b101f-77b7-4ed6-9e3a-ddc1c0a28c92", "lang": "eng", "formats": ["print"]}
+{"cellarURIs": "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/27b3735e-7517-4eee-b2df-390e3e24a3bc", "title": "RESOLUTION on the institutional role of the Council", "langIdentifier": "ENG", "mtypes": "print", "workTypes": "http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#act_preparatory,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#resolution_other_ep,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#resource_legal,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#work", "authors": "Committee on Constitutional Affairs,European Parliament", "date": "1993-01-20", "subjects": "Council of the European Union,EC Decision,European Council,European Parliament,enlargement of the Union,interinstitutional relations,qualified majority,unanimity", "workIds": "celex:51992IP0190", "eurovoc_concepts": ["Council of the European Union", "EC Decision", "European Council", "European Parliament", "enlargement of the Union", "interinstitutional relations", "qualified majority", "unanimity"], "url": "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/27b3735e-7517-4eee-b2df-390e3e24a3bc", "lang": "eng", "formats": ["print"]}
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+{"cellarURIs": "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/335fad99-d318-4a13-a3a3-c1d431321b52", "title": "RESOLUTION on the financial aspects of the proliferation of satellite bodies", "langIdentifier": "ENG", "mtypes": "print", "workTypes": "http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#act_preparatory,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#resolution_other_ep,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#resource_legal,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#work", "authors": "Committee on Budgets,European Parliament", "date": "1993-01-19", "subjects": "EU body,European Parliament,budgetary control,general budget (EU),powers of parliament", "workIds": "celex:51992IP0416", "eurovoc_concepts": ["EU body", "European Parliament", "budgetary control", "general budget (EU)", "powers of parliament"], "url": "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/335fad99-d318-4a13-a3a3-c1d431321b52", "lang": "eng", "formats": ["print"]}
+{"cellarURIs": "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/d0aafb9c-d4a9-45b3-8e31-c1906a48d2f5", "title": "Proposal for a EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND COUNCIL DECISION laying down a series of guidelines on trans-European energy networks", "langIdentifier": "ENG", "mtypes": "pdf,pdfa1b,print", "workTypes": "http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#act_preparatory,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#proposal_act,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#proposal_decision_ec,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#resource_legal,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#work", "authors": "European Commission", "date": "1993-01-19", "subjects": "electrical energy,energy grid,management of resources,natural gas,security of supply,trans-European network", "workIds": "celex:51993PC0685(01),comnat:COM_1993_0685(01)_FIN,oj:JOC_1994_072_R_0010_01", "eurovoc_concepts": ["electrical energy", "energy grid", "management of resources", "natural gas", "security of supply", "trans-European network"], "url": "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/d0aafb9c-d4a9-45b3-8e31-c1906a48d2f5", "lang": "eng", "formats": ["pdf", "pdfa1b", "print"], "text": "COMMISSSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES \n\nCOM(93)685 final \nBrussels, 19. 01. 1994 \n\n94/0009 (COD) \n94/0010 (SYN) \n\nCOMMISSION COMMUNICATION TO THE \nEUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL \n\non Community guidelines on trans-European \nenergy networks \n\nProposal for a \nEUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND COUNCIL DECISION \n\n94/0009 (COD) \n\nlaying down a series of guidelines on trans-European \nenergy networks \n\nProposal for a \nCOUNCIL DECISION \n\n94/0010 (SYN) \n\nlaying down a series of measures aimed at creating a more \nfavourable context for the development of trans-European \nnetworks in the energy sector \n\n(presented by the Commission) \n\n\fCOMMUNITY GUIDELINES ON TRANS-EUROPEAN ENERGY NETWORKS \n\nCONTENTS \n\nPage \n\n3 \n\n6 \n\n9 \n9 \n10 \n\n10 \n\n14 \n\n16 \n\n17 \n\n18 \n\nCOMMISSION COMMUNICATION \n\nI. INTRODUCTION \n\nII. SUBSIDIARITY \n\nIII. COMMUNITY GUIDELINES ON TRANS-EUROPEAN \n\nENERGY NETWORKS \n\n* Community objectives \n* The priorities \n* Broad lines of action \n\nIdentification of projects of common interest \n\nA. B. Creation of a more favourable technical,administrative, legal \nand financial context for the establishment of trans-European \nenergy networks \n\n* External aspects \n\nIV. IMPLEMENTATION OF THE GUIDELINES ON \nTRANS-EUROPEAN ENERGY NETWORKS \n\nV. CONCLUSIONS \n\nPROPOSAL FOR A EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND COUNCIL DECISION \nLAYING DOWN A SERIES OF GUIDELINES ON TRANS-EUROPEAN \nENERGY NETWORKS \n\n* * * \n\nPROPOSAL FOR A COUNCIL DECISION LAYING DOWN A SERIES OF \nMEASURES AIMED AT CREATING A MORE FAVOURABLE CONTEXT \nFOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF TRANS-EUROPEAN NETWORKS IN THE \nENERGY SECTOR \n\n* * * \n\nANNEX \n\n* * * \n\nMaps of the existing trans-European electricity and natural gas networks and of \n\nthe projects of common interest \n\nCOMMUNITY GUIDELINES ON TRANS-EUROPEAN ENERGY NETWORKS \n\n2) \n\n\fCOMMUNITY GUIDELINES ON TRANS-EUROPEAN ENERGY NETWORKS \n\nCOMMISSION COMMUNICATION \n\nI \n\nINTRODUCTION \n\n1. Over the last two years the Commission has continued its discussion on energy networks, \nbased on two landmark documents adopted at the start of that period which were the fruit of \nearlier work on the subject0*. These two documents were: \n\nThe Treaty on European Union \n\nThe agreement reached at Maastricht bears witness to the unanimous political will of the \ngovernments of the Member States to see the Community involved in developing \ntrans-European networks, including energy networks, and in adapting them to the new \nconditions on the internal market. Details of these new activities by the Community are \ngiven in Article 129c of the new Treaty. They include: \n\nthe establishment of common guidelines; \n\nany measures necessary to ensure interoperability and harmonization of technical \nstandards; \n\nthe possibility of financial support for projects of common interest, particularly in \nthe form of aid for feasibility studies, loan guarantees or interest-rate subsidies. The provisions of the two proposals for Decisions on trans-European energy networks \nwhich accompany this Communication and which are submitted by the Commission \ncomply with these requirements, as requested by the Council(2). The Communication submitted to the Council by the Commission in early 1992 on \nelectricity and natural gas transmission infrastructures in the Community(3). (,) \n\n(2) \n\nSee the communication from the Commission entitled \"Towards trans-European networks: for \na Community action programme\" (COM(90) 585 final, 10 December 1990). See the conclusions of the Council meeting on the internal market on 31 March 1992 \nconcerning trans-European networks. (3) Communication from the Commission to the Council entitled \"Electricity and natural gas \ntransmission infrastructures in the Community\" (SEC(92) 553 final, 27 March 1992). This document analysed the existing networks and the development projects in progress \nor planned and, taking account of likely supply and demand trends for these two forms \nof energy, highlighted the need for: \n\nconsistent development of the major energy networks in the Community and the \nrest of Europe; \n\nincreased energy transmission capacity, including transmission to the peripheral \nregions of the Community; \n\npromotion of technical cooperation between the network operators. 2. Today's electricity and natural gas transmission networks reflect the significant developments \nin most Member States in recent years. These national developments have been accompanied \nby international cooperation which has led to the interconnection of the national electricity \ngrids, for example in the UCPTE network which extends to most Member States, and to the \nconstruction of trans-frontier gas pipelines, for example from the Netherlands and Russia. However, network development is still shaped by the national dimension, with the objective \nof self-sufficiency at national level, which is no longer strictly compatible with the progress \nmade towards integration within the Community, particularly with the completion of the \ninternal market. Moreover, these developments have not been the same throughout the \nCommunity. Some Member States and many frontier or peripheral regions and islands have \nlittle or no access to the major European energy networks. For these less well endowed \nMember States and regions, development of their energy transmission infrastructure and \nconnection to the trans-European networks are one of the preconditions for effective \nparticipation in the internal market and for strengthening economic and social cohesion within \nthe Community. 3. Recent and foreseeable developments in energy supply and demand point to two trends: \n\nan increase in transfers of electricity between Member States and to and from \nnon-Community countries to harness the complementary features of the different \nelectricity systems or to cover any shortfalls in production, whether temporary, seasonal \nor permanent; \n\na rapid increase in natural gas imports from outside the Community. These extra transfers and new imports will not be possible unless energy transmission \nnetworks designed and operated increasingly on a Community-wide or European scale and \noffering greater transmission capacity become available. 4. Completion of the internal market combined with energy supply and demand trends in the \nCommunity therefore pose a series of challenges to electricity and gas undertakings and to \nsome extent to the public authorities, of which the most important, particularly as regards the \nmajor energy networks, are: \n\n\fbridging of the remaining discontinuities at the interfaces between the national networks; \n\nincrease of the capacity of the interconnections between the electricity grids and of the \nnatural gas supply lines; \n\nconnection of isolated or underequipped countries and regions; \n\nthe interoperability of the network at European level and maintenance of quality of \nservice (continuity of supply, stability of voltage and frequency, etc. ); \n\nutilization of the networks, as they become increasingly complex with the growing \nnumber of interconnections and the larger geographical areas connected. 5. Given the magnitude of these tasks, national operations alone are not enough. It is therefore necessary for the Community to be able to take action by establishing guidelines \non electricity and natural gas transmission networks with a view to encouraging development \nand full consideration of the Community dimension of these networks and of the challenges \nposed by their growing interdependence. In this context, the Commission proposes two lines \nof action: \n\nidentification of projects of common interest to supplement and strengthen these \nnetworks; \n\ntechnical, administrative, legal and financial measures to contribute towards creating a \nfavourable context for completing projects for the networks. 6. This action by the Community on trans-European energy networks fits into the context of a \nsystem which is moving towards open and competitive markets. It is therefore necessary that \nundertakings should direct their investment decisions according to their own economic \nforecasts and that they should themselves bear the economic risk. Consequently, the list of \nprojects of common interest proposed will have no binding force on the economic operators \nconcerned. Instead, the objective is for the Community to establish, taking due account of the \nsubsidiarity principle, a reference framework enabling the economic circles concerned to take \nfuller account of the Community dimension in developing and operating energy transmission \nnetworks. 7. Alongside this reference framework on trans-European energy networks, the Commission has \nalready submitted a proposal for a Council Regulation introducing a declaration of European \ninterest for selected projects on the transmission of electricity and natural gas \n(COM(92) 15 final), followed by a proposal modifying it (COM(93) 115 final). This \ndeclaration is intended to help to mobilize the necessary funds and to promote cooperation \nbetween the public authorities concerned so as to ensure that projects are completed as rapidly \nas possible. It will be granted to clearly defined projects endorsed by feasibility studies and \nwill complement the identification of projects of common interest provided for by the \nguidelines. In preparing this Communication, the Commission also drew on the opinions given by experts \nfrom the Member States, by the trade organizations which it consulted, representing energy \nproducers, transmitters and distributors^ and by consumers(5). The Commission proposes to \nrenew these consultations periodically, as regards the Member States' experts in the framework \nof the committee which it is proposed to set up, and as regards the trade associations and the \neconomic operators on the occasion of drawing up the reports provided for in these proposals \nfor Decisions. II. SUBSIDIARITY \n\n9. As regards subsidiarity, the reasons for the annexed proposals to the Council and the European \nParliament for decisions defining the nature and scope of the action bv the Community to \nestablish guidelines on trans-European energy networks are explained below. (a) What are the objectives of me proposed action by the Community in relation to the \n\nobligations incumbent upon the Community? \n\nIn undertaking this action, the Community is fulfilling the obligations incumbent on it \nunder Title XII of the Treaty on European Union. The proposed action by the Community on trans-European energy networks will \ncontribute towards attaining several of the Community's objectives. These include \ngeneral objectives such as economic growth, the internal market and integration within \nthe Community, the strengthening of economic and social cohesion and cooperation with \nthe non-Community countries in Europe and in the Mediterranean region. More \nspecifically, in the energy field, the action proposed will help to consolidate and \nstrengthen the Community's security of supply and to set up energy systems more \ncompatible with protection of the environment. w > 'UCPTE: \n\nUnion for the coordination of the production and transport of electric \npower. EURELECTRIC: Groupement europ\u00e9en des entreprises d'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 - GEIE. EUROGAS: \nE&P FORUM: \nCEDEC: \nGEODE: \n\nUnion europ\u00e9enne de l'industrie du gaz naturel. The oil industry international exploration and production forum. Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration europ\u00e9enne des distributeurs publics communaux d'\u00e9nergie. Groupement europ\u00e9en des entreprises et organismes de distribution \nd'\u00e9nergie -GEIE. (5) \n\nELECTRICITY ASSOCIATION (UK). ENERGIENED: Netherlands union of energy distribution undertakings. CEFIC: \nIFIEC: \nBEUC: \nUNICE: \n\nEuropean Council of chemical manufacturers' federations. International federation of industrial energy consumers. European bureau of consumers' unions. Union of industrial and employer's confederations of Europe. (b) b the Community alone responsible for the action planned or does it share responsibility \n\nwith the Member States? \n\nThe Community and the Member States share responsibility for the action proposed. (c) What is the Community dimension of the problem (for example, how many Member \n\nStates are concerned and which solution has been in force hitherto)? \n\nDevelopment of these networks is of concern to every Member State: \n\nin the case of electricity, because of the expected increase in interchanges of \nelectricity, as a result of completion of the internal market, of the growing \ninterdependence of the Member States' electricity systems and of the objective of \nmaking increasingly economic use of these systems; \n\nin the case of natural gas, because of the growing share of energy consumption \ndue to be covered by natural gas imported from non-Community countries and the \nsharp increase expected in the volume of gas transit across one or more Member \nStates. The Community dimension is also extremely important for the Member States and \nregions with energy systems currently isolated from or inadequately connected to \nthe Community's main electricity and natural gas transmission networks. These \nare usually in the least developed areas in the Community. (d) Which is the most efficient solution, comparing the means available to the Community \n\nand to the Member States? \n\nThe proposed action by the Community will raise to Community level plans and \nmeasures which already exist in the Member States but which can now be handled more \nefficiently at Community level, given the growing complexity and interdependence of \nthe electricity and natural gas transmission networks in Europe. The Community action proposed supplements the similar measures which the Member \nStates are taking at their own level, particularly the master plans, guidelines or \ndevelopment plans for energy transmission infrastructure already adopted or in \npreparation. (e) Which specific added value will the proposed action by the Community offer and what \n\nwould be the cost of inaction? \n\nThe proposed action by the Community offers the added value of speeding up the \nprocess of study, preparation and investment regarding electricity and natural gas \ntransmission networks by virtue of: \n\nthe consensus reached by the Community and nie Member States on the future \ndevelopment of these networks and on the accompanying measures which prove \nnecessary; \n\n\fthe targeting of the interests of undertakings in the industries concerned and of \ninvestors; \n\nguidance for the financial support from the Community, whether aid from the \nStructural Funds, specific measures to support trans-European networks or loans \nfrom, in particular, the EIB (see the new lending facility set up as part of the \ngrowth initiative). The cost of inaction would be the sum total of: \n\ndevelopment of electricity and natural gas transmission networks lagging behind \nfuture needs and less consistent on a Community-wide scale; \n\nthe adverse impact on operation of the internal market and cohesion. (f) Which forms of action are open to the Community (recommendations, financial support, \n\nregulations, mutual recognition, etc. )? \n\nTwo forms of action are proposed: \n\nthe adoption of the proposals for decisions submitted by the Commission to settle \nthe nature and scope of the action by the Community with regard to guidelines on \ntrans-European energy networks. These decisions would define: \n\nthe broad guidelines for future development of these networks; and \n\naccompanying actions to create a favourable context for preparation and \nimplementation of projects of common interest; \n\nwithin the framework of the budget procedures, where appropriate, the granting of \nfinancial aid from the funds specifically for trans-European networks to projects \nof common interest fitting into the series of guidelines. (g) Are uniform rales necessaiy or would a directive setting the general objectives but \n\nleaving implementation to the Member States suffice? \n\nAt this juncture, uniform legislation, i. e. the Council Decision, is needed to define and \ndelimit the action taken by the Community on trans-European energy networks. At a later stage, in the light of the accompanying actions provided for, particularly of \nthe analyses of the authorization procedures for projects and of the rules on \nenvironmental and health protection, approximation of certain rules in force in the \nMember States could be useful or necessary, given the transfrontier nature of most of \nthe network development work proposed and the overriding need for undertakings to be \nable to complete projects within a manageable timescale commensurate with trends in \nenergy supply and in demand on the market. In these cases, the action by the Community could take the form of a recommendation \nor, if need be, a directive. ffl. COMMUNITY GUIDELINES ON TRANS-EUROPEAN ENERGY NETWORKS \n\n10. First, the Community guidelines proposed clearly define the Community objectives to which \nthe trans-European energy networks are expected to contribute. Next they set the priorities \nfor development of the networks to ensure that they make an effective contribution to attaining \nthese objectives. Lastly, they clarify the broad lines of action envisaged for developing these \nnetworks, including identifying projects of common interest and creating a more favourable \ncontext for completing the projects for the networks. Community objectives \n\n11. The action taken by the Community to establish guidelines on trans-European energy networks \nby promoting the development, interconnection and interoperability of the networks as well \nas access to such networks will contribute to achieving the following objectives of the \nCommunity: \n\nstrengthening the Community's security of energy supply: \n\nin the short to medium term, by improving the efficiency and reliability of all the \nCommunity's electricity and gas systems; \n\nin the long term, by diversifying supply sources and routes and strengthening ties \nwith the non-Community countries supplying energy or transited; \n\nallowing effective operation of the internal market in two ways: \n\nby providing infrastructure which allows supply to respond to the demand for \nnatural gas and electricity throughout the Community, and thereby to ensure \nbalanced operation of the internal energy market; \n\nby allowing the citizens of the Community, economic circles and regional and \nlocal authorities to reap the full benefits derived from the establishment of an area \nwithout internal borders; \n\npromoting economic and social cohesion by reducing the isolation and facilitating the \ndevelopment of the less-favoured and peripheral regions and islands. The priorities \n\n12. To attain these objectives, the Commission proposes the following priorities for the action \n\ntaken under the Community guidelines on trans-European energy networks: \n\nfor electricity networks: \n\nconnection of isolated networks, which are usually located in the less-developed \nregions of the Community; \n\n13) \n\n\fdevelopment (establishment or improvement) of interconnections between Member \nStates and of internal connections in so far as this is indispensable to the operation \nof these interconnections; \n\n(establishment or strengthening) of \n\ndevelopment \ninterconnections with \nnon-Community countries in Europe and the Mediterranean region which \ncontribute to improving the reliability and security of the Community's electricity \nsupply networks or add to electricity supplies to the Community; \n\nfor natural gas networks; \n\nintroduction of natural gas to new regions; \n\nconnection of isolated networks to the trans-European networks, including any \nimprovements needed to the latter for that purpose and connection of the separate \nnetworks; \n\nincrease in transmission (gas delivery pipeline), reception (LNG) and storage \ncapacities needed to satisfy the demand and diversification of supply sources and \nroutes for natural gas. The priorities proposed set no chronological order but indicate the political and strategic \nimportance of the measures. These priorities are to be set for the period between now and the \nyear 2000 but by no means preclude projects planned to start after that date but to which a \ncommitment is made by then. This date marks the maximum timescale for which reasonably \nvalid forecasts can be made in connection with energy transmission networks. Broad lines of action \n\n13. The broad lines of action proposed for the Community guidelines on trans-European energy \n\nnetworks are: \n\nidentification of projects of common interest: \n\ncreation of a more favourable context for completion of the projects for trans-European \nenergy networks, with the aid of technical, administrative, legal and financial measures. A. Identification of projects of common interest \n\n14. The Commission proposes a three-stage procedure for identification of projects of common \n\ninterest: \n\nfirst, technical definition of the types of project which can be taken into consideration \nin this approach to trans-European energy networks; \n\nsecond, establishment of the criteria which must be met by all projects of common \ninterest; \n\n10 \n\n\fthird, identification of the currently discernible needs for strengthening of the networks. These proposals take account of the information received during the Commission's \nconsultations with experts from the Member States and from the industries concerned. 15. Technical definition \n\nFrom the technical point of view, the proposal is to take into consideration, basically, very \nhigh voltage electricity lines (220 kV or more) and high-pressure gas pipelines. The \ndefinition will also include the equipment essential for operation of these lines and pipelines, \nincluding control centres. 16. Criteria for establishing common interest \n\nThe proposal is that projects will be considered of common interest if they satisfy all three of \nthe following criteria: \n\ncorrespond to the technical definition; \n\nfit in with the objectives and priorities set by these Community guidelines; \n\ndisplay potential economic viability. The criterion of the economic viability of a project has regard in the first instance to financial \nprofitability. Moreover, it also includes where appropriate other components of cost-benefit \nanalyses which are not normally calculated by the markets, for example the benefits (or costs) \narising from the environmental aspects, security of supply and the contribution to \nstrengthening economic and social cohesion. List of projects of common interest for trans-European energy networks identified in 1993 \n\n17. The proposed list of projects of common interest for electricity and gas networks is annexed \nto the proposal for the \"guidelines\" Decision. It indicates the projects currently regarded as \nsatisfying the common interest criteria defined earlier. Each project on the list corresponds to a need for capacity identified in the network. To \nsimplify the format, the projects have been classified by type of need and, where appropriate, \nby link, region or country. It is possible that one or more projects or parts of specific projects \ncould satisfy the same need. The types of needs identified in the list are described in points 18 \nand 19. According to the second paragraph of Article 129d of the Treaty, guidelines and projects of \ncommon interest relating to the territory of a Member State require the approval of that \nMember State. Member States have been consulted and have given their agreement, in \nprinciple, to the projects on the list which concern their territories. 11 \n\n\fThe list includes a number of less advanced projects of common interest which are presumed \nto be economically viable, although this will have to be confirmed by technical and economic \nfeasibility studies. In addition to the projects on the list, any project to improve the technical management of the \ntrans-European electricity and natural gas networks will also be of common interest (see \npoint 20). 18. In the case of electricity networks, the following types of need are identified on the list: \n\n(a) connection of isolated electricity networks \n\nThe twin aims are to connect the national systems to the Community networks, as in the \ncase of Greece and Ireland where the electricity networks are still isolated but will be \nconnected to the UCPTE network via Italy and the United Kingdom respectively, and \nto extend the national networks in order to integrate areas not yet connected or \ninadequately connected, for example the eastern Lander or territory in the form of \nislands. (b) \n\nimprovement of the electrical interconnections between the Member States \n\nThe aim is to reinforce the international interconnections in order to increase security \nof supply throughout the interconnected system in Europe and to allow increased \ntransfers of electricity on the more integrated internal market. These improvements are \nnecessary given the virtual saturation of most of the existing interconnections. (c) \n\nimprovement of electricity networks witinn the Member States associated with \nimprovement of the electrical interconnections between the Member States or with third \ncountries \n\nIn grid networks power is transmitted indiscriminately from all generators to all users \nvia the network. Bottlenecks can therefore arise both within the network of a single \nMember State and at the interfaces between the Member States. These weak spots can \nimpair operation of the system and pose a risk of power cuts. They must therefore be \nremoved. (d) establishment or improvement of electrical interconnections with third countries \n\nThe objective is to establish or increase the capacity of interconnections between the \nMember States and their non-Community neighbours, i. e. : \n\nwith Switzerland and Austria, both of which are on the UCPTE network and \noccupy a central position in intra-Community transfers; \n\nwith the Scandinavian countries to harness the complementary features between \nthe UCPTE/United Kingdom \nsystem (dominated by thermal power station \ncapacity) and the Nordel network (with its abundant hydroelectricity resources); \n\n12 \n\n\fwith the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, which plan interconnection with \nthe UCPTE's synchronous system in the medium term. This will offer the \nCommunity the advantages of new opportunities for transfers and, in the long \nterm, improvements to the electricity systems in its frontier regions; \n\nwith non-Community Mediterranean countries to contribute to the Community's \nelectricity supply (in the case of the Tunisia-Italy and Turkey-Greece links) or to \npromote integration of regional markets (in the case of the Morocco-Spain link). 19. In the case of gas networks, the following types of need are identified on the list: \n\n(e) \n\nintroduction of natural gas in new regions \n\nParts of the Community still have no natural gas network. Introduction of this fuel can \nmake a major contribution to their competitiveness and economic development, to \ndiversification of their energy supplies and to solving their environmental problems. (f) \n\nconnection of isolate or separate gas networks \n\nSome Member States or regions of the Community with gas networks are not yet linked \nto the interconnected gas transmission pipeline system. Also, some neighbouring \nMember States which already have natural gas, or soon will, are not yet interconnected. (g) \n\nincreasing reception and storage capacities for LNG and underground storage capacity \n\nIncreased storage capacity is needed to cope with the growth in consumption and in the \nshare of the Community's energy supplies accounted for by natural gas, also taking \naccount of the growing dependence on natural gas supplies from outside the Community. It is therefore both a question of security of supply and of increased needs for storage \ncapacity connected with the increase in volume of the market \n\nIn addition to their storage capacity, the LNG stations forming part of the basic \ninfrastructure of the natural gas transmission grids expand the potential supply, even \nfrom far-away distant sources. (h) new gas delivery pipelines (and improvement of the existing systems) \n\nTo cope with the forecast developments on the market and in natural gas supplies, \nmeasures must be taken to develop me gas transmission pipeline capacity from the \ncurrent suppliers (Algeria, Norway and Russia) and from potential suppliers (Libya and \nIran). In addition, the completion of these projects will be in accordance with European \nUnion policy towards the third countries concerned. For certain gas delivery pipeline projects not yet finalized LNG could be an attractive \nalternative. 13 \n\n\fB. Creation of a more favourable technical, administrative, legal and financial context for the \n\nestablishment of trans-european energy networks \n\nTechnical measures \n\n20. The operators of the trans-European energy networks already cooperate closely on technical \nmatters. However, with the steady increase in interconnections and the growing complexity \nof the systems, closer technical cooperation between the operators of trans-European networks \nis necessary to ensure maximum interoperability of the networks on a Community scale. Closer technical cooperation could be achieved in particular by means of projects aiming at: \n\nsetting up and making wide use of a system for the presentation and exchange of \ninformation between the system control centres of the trans-European networks; \n\nconducting research and development work on more effective, compatible simulation and \ntrans-European network management models between the various operators and control \ncentres. As indicated in point 17, the Commission proposes that these too should be considered \nprojects of common interest. It is understood that this technical cooperation has to be carried out within the rules of the \nTreaty and in particular the rules relating to competition. Administrative and legal measures \n\n21. Authorization criteria and procedures \n\nDevelopment of these networks will require completion of a series of new projects. This raises \ntwo questions about the existing administrative and legal obligations. The first concerns access \nto the activity, specifically the right to construct an electricity line or gas pipeline. At the \nmoment in most Member States mis is restricted by de jure or de facto monopolies. The \nsecond concerns the complexity and, in some cases, slowness of the administrative procedures \nfor obtaining building permission. In extreme cases, undertakings have had to wait for as long \nas ten years before being able to start work. The proposals for Council directives concerning common rules for the internal market in \nelectricity and natural gas (COM(91) 548 final), currently being discussed, introduce the \nprinciple of granting licences for the construction of electricity and natural gas transmission \nnetworks, thereby making it possible to harmonize the conditions applicable to investors, on \nthe basis of objective and non-discriminatory criteria. In addition, a detailed inventory of authorization procedures is being compiled, with a view \nto pinpointing ways of simplifying and speeding up these procedures. The proposal is to \nexamine, on the basis of this inventory and in coordination with the Member States, possible \nways of simplifying and speeding up authorization procedures for projects on trans-European \nnetworks. 14 \n\n\f22. Environmental impact of energy networks \n\nEnvironmental considerations are often the central concern in debates on the acceptability of \nthe siting and impact of projects connected with energy networks. Clarification of the rules \napplied by undertakings in order to mitigate the environmental impact of the projects and of \nthe regulations and standards to be observed by the projects themselves should shorten these \ndebates and thereby simplify the authorization procedures. It will therefore be necessary to collect information on the existing rules and specifications on \nthe environmental impact of energy networks (primarily the very high voltage electricity \nnetworks). Analysis of these data will provide a basis for coordinated action at Community \nlevel to study and, where appropriate, define a common basis for the technical aspects linked \nto environmental protection, applicable to energy networks, within the framework of existing \nCommunity rules (in particular Directive 85/337). 23. Investment in energy transmission infrastructure has to be financed with due regard for the \nrules of the market. Responsibility for the development and financing of energy networks lies \nwith the economic circles concerned. 24. However, in order to speed up completion of the networks, the Community could support the \nefforts made by the Member States to finance projects of common interest identified in the \nCommunity guidelines on trans-European networks. Such support could take three forms: \n\naid for financing feasibility studies; \n\nloan guarantees; \n\ninterest-rate subsidies. 25. In the energy sector, the Community's financial support for specific action on trans-European \nnetworks should provide incentives for carrying out projects of common interest. It should \nconsist principally of promoting the feasibility studies for these projects, where appropriate. In appropriate cases, more substantial support in the form of a loan guarantee or interest-rate \nsubsidy could be considered. This financial support should also provide a stimulus for \ntechnical studies and projects covering the development and management of interconnected \nelectricity and natural gas transmission systems (see point 20). 26. Where necessary, the Community will continue to provide funding for energy projects from \nits aid and loan mechanisms, particularly the Structural Funds (primarily the ERDF), the \ngrowth initiative (European Investment Fund and new lending facility), the European \nInvestment Bank and the financial instruments and programmes set up for the benefit of third \ncountries. These funds, instruments and programmes will likewise take account of the \nguidelines laid down for trans-European energy networks in their criteria for selecting the \nmeasures to receive support, within the terms of their own rules and finalities. 15 \n\n\fExternal aspects \n\n27. These guidelines have been established primarily from the Community's point of view. However, they will have implications beyond the Community, particularly: \n\nrecognition of the interest of a project by the non-Community countries concerned too; \n\nthe possibility of financial support for networks outside the Community; \n\nextension of the concept of guidelines on energy networks to the non-Community \ncountries in Central and Eastern Europe. 28. Accordingly, completion of a project of common interest - for example, construction of a gas \ndelivery pipeline from a source outside the Community - depends on agreement to the work \nby the energy-producing country and any non-Community country or countries crossed. Recognition that a project of common interest identified in the Community guidelines is in the \nmutual interest of the Community and of a non-Community country could be settled where \nappropriate by means of bilateral cooperation, association or other agreements between the \nCommunity and the non-Community country concerned and by the procedures for \nmanagement of such agreements. 29. Another question is the possibility of allocation of die budget resources specifically for \ntrans-European energy networks to parties to projects of common interest identified under the \nCommunity guidelines but sited outside the Community. Given the technical conditions for electricity and natural gas transmission schemes, which \npreclude full use of a line or gas pipeline until completion of the whole link, the Commission \nconsiders that it should be possible to finance parts of projects of common interest outside the \nCommunity: \n\nin every case where the aid takes the form of a contribution towards feasibility studies; \n\nonly if the project is concerned predominantly with supplying the Community, in the \ncase of loan guarantees and interest-rate subsidies. In addition to these possibilities, the Community could participate in the direct co-financing \nof certain investments for infrastructure networks in the countries of Central and Eastern \nEurope, within the limit of 15% of the overall budget for the PHARE programme (see \nConclusions of the Presidency of the Copenhagen European Council, 21-22 June 1993). 30. As the non-Community countries in Central and Eastern Europe have expressed the wish for \nmore effective interconnection with the Community networks and, therefore, need to be \ninterconnected to one another more efficiently too, there will be a growing need for guidelines \non energy networks for this part of Europe too. The Commission will support this action in \nthe framework of the Community programmes in favour of those countries. 16 \n\n\fDefinition of guidelines on trans-European energy networks for Central and Eastern Europe \nwill call for the establishment of a cooperation procedure between the non-Community \ncountries concerned and of concertation arrangements with the Community. The results of the \nstudies conducted under the PHARE programme on electricity and gas interconnections in this \npart of Europe will be able to provide the basis for the establishment of reference guidelines \nfor the development of energy networks in Central and Eastern Europe. IV. IMPLEMENTATION OF THE GUIDELINES ON TRANS-EUROPEAN ENERGY \n\nNETWORKS \n\n31. The proposals for implementation of the Community guidelines on trans-European energy \n\nnetworks are as follows: \n\nthe Commission's tasks will be: \n\nto monitor implementation of the guidelines and submit a regular report on \nimplementation thereof to the Council and the European Parliament; \n\nto update the list of projects of common interest; \n\nto formulate proposals so that projects of common interest situated on the territory \nof third countries may also be considered as of mutual interest by those countries; \n\nto coordinate the activities to create a more favourable technical, administrative \nand legal context; \n\nto adopt the measures granting financial support from the Community to projects \nof common interest, from the financial resources available for the specific \nmeasures on trans-European networks. the Member States will be called upon to give priority to projects of common interest \nand to take all the measures necessary at national, regional and local level to facilitate \ncompletion thereof. 32. For the purpose of implementing the abovementioned tasks, the Commission is to be assisted \nby an advisory committee consisting of experts on trans-European energy networks from the \nMember States, while the task of updating the list of projects of common interest will be \nentrusted to a management committee. This advisory committee will also be the appropriate forum for discussing any matters relating \nto coordination of the Member States' policies with an impact on the development of \ntrans-European energy networks. (4) \n\n17 \n\n\fV. CONCLUSIONS \n\n33. For the foregoing reasons, the Commission hereby submits to the European Parliament and \n\nthe Council the attached two proposals for Decisions: \n\nthe first, on a series of guidelines on trans-European networks in the energy sector, and \n\nthe second, on a series of actions aimed at creating a more favourable context for the \ndevelopment of trans-European networks in the energy sector. These proposals from the Commission respond, for the energy sector at least, to the request \nby the European Council in Copenhagen, which \"invited the Commission and the Council to \ncomplete by early 1994 the network plans in all the relevant sectors (transport, \ntelecommunication and energy). \" \n\n34. These proposals are made on the basis of Articles 129b, 129c and 129d of the Treaty. Article 129d, in particular, provides for different adoption procedures, as regards the role of \nthe European Parliament, according to whether it is a question of guidelines in the sense of \nthe Treaty (co-decision procedure under Article 189b) or other measures (procedure under \nArticle 189c) concerning trans-European energy networks. It is for this reason mat the material \ncovered by this Communication is the subject of two different proposals. It is also necessary to recall that Article 129d also stipulates that \"guidelines and projects of \ncommon interest which relate to the territory of a Member State shall require the approval of \nthe Member State concerned\"; it mus introduces a supplementary condition into the adoption \nprocedure for the first proposal. * * * \n\n18 \n\n\fProposal for a \nEUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND COUNCIL DECISION \n\nlaying down a series of guidelines on trans-European \nenergy networks \n\nTHE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION, \n\nHaving regard to the Treaty establishing the European Community, and in particular the first \nparagraph of Article 129d thereof, \n\nHaving regard to the proposal from the Commission, \n\nHaving regard to the opinion of the Economic and Social Committee(1>, \n\nHaving regard to the opinion of the Committee of the Regions*2*, \n\nWhereas the establishment and development of trans-European networks contribute towards attaining \nmajor objectives of the Community, such as completion of the internal market and the strengthening \nof economic and social cohesion; \n\nWhereas the establishment and development of trans-European energy networks throughout the \nterritory of the Community also have the specific objectives of increasing the reliability and security \nof the Community's energy supplies and of allowing balanced operation of the internal energy \nmarket within the framework of a system which is moving towards open and competitive markets; \n\nWhereas, in order to contribute towards attaining the said objectives, the development of \ninterconnections and of electricity and natural gas transmission networks in the Community must \nbe accelerated, particularly in the regions where improvements to the networks are necessary or in \nregions which are still isolated, and with the non-Community countries in Europe and in the \nMediterranean region; \n\nWhereas action by the Community to establish guidelines on trans-European energy networks is \nnecessary in accordance with the principle of subsidiarity; \n\nWhereas in order to develop these networks on a Community-wide scale, it is necessary to identify \nprojects of common interest and to create a more favourable technical, administrative, legal and \nfinancial context for completion and operation of these networks; \n\n(i) \n\n(2) \n\n19 \n\n\fWhereas the projects of common interest meet the said objectives and priorities; whereas only those \nprojects should be considered which display potential economic viability; whereas, in this context, \nthe concept of viability includes not only the financial profitability of the projects but also other \nconsiderations such as the reliability and security of energy supplies, the strengthening of economic \nand social cohesion and protection of the environment in the Community; \n\nWhereas, for the implementation of this Decision, it is necessary to institute a Committee, \n\nHAVE ADOPTED THIS DECISION: \n\nArticle 1 \n\nThis Decision defines the nature and scope of the action by the Community on guidelines on \ntrans-European energy networks. It establishes a series of guidelines covering the objectives, \npriorities and broad lines of action by the Community on the subject of trans-European energy \nnetworks. It identifies the projects of common interest on the trans-European electricity and natural \ngas networks. Article 2 \n\nThis Decision applies to: \n\n1. in electricity networks: \n\nall lines of 220 kV or more and submarine links, provided this infrastructure is used for \ninterregional or international transmission; \n\nthe systems for operating the abovementioned facilities, i. e. the protection, monitoring \nand control systems, as well as any equipment or installations indispensable for the \nsystem in question to operate properly; \n\n2. in natural gas networks: \n\nhigh-pressure gas pipelines making it possible to supply regions of the Community from \ninternal or external sources; \n\nunderground storage facilities connected to the abovementioned high-pressure gas \npipelines; \n\nthe reception, storage and regasification facilities for liquefied natural gas (LNG); \n\nthe systems for operating the abovementioned facilities, i. e. the protection, monitoring \nand control systems, as well as any equipment or installations indispensable for the \nsystem in question to operate properly. 20 \n\n\fArticle 3 \n\nThe Community shall promote the \ntrans-European energy networks and access to such networks with the objective of: \n\ninterconnection, \n\ninteroperability and development of \n\nallowing effective operation of the internal market in general and of the internal energy market \nin particular; \n\nfacilitating the development and reducing the isolation of the less favoured regions of the \nCommunity, thereby contributing to strengthening economic and social cohesion; \n\nstrengthening the security of the Community's energy supplies, including closer relations with \nnon-Community countries in the energy field. The priorities for the action by the Community on trans-European energy networks shall be as \nfollows: \n\nArticle 4 \n\n1. for electricity networks: \n\nthe connection of isolated electricity networks; \n\nthe development of interconnections between Member States and of internal connections \nin so far as necessary in order to harness these interconnections; \n\nthe development of interconnections with non-Community countries in Europe and the \nMediterranean region which contribute to improving the reliability and security of the \nCommunity's electricity supply networks or to adding to electricity supplies to the \nCommunity; \n\n2. for natural gas networks: \n\nthe introduction of natural gas to new regions; \n\nthe connection of isolated natural gas networks, including the improvements needed to \nthe existing networks for this purpose and the connection of the separate natural gas \nnetworks; \n\nincreasing the transmission (gas delivery pipeline), reception (LNG) and storage \ncapacities needed to satisfy the demand and diversification of supply sources and routes \nfor natural gas. 21 \n\n\fArticle S \n\nThe broad lines of action by the Community on trans-European energy networks shall be: \n\nthe identification of projects of common interest; \n\nthe creation of a more favourable technical, administrative, legal and financial context for \ndevelopment of the networks. Article 6 \n\n1. Any energy network project which satisfies all the following criteria may be of common \n\ninterest: \n\nit falls within the scope of Article 2; \n\nit corresponds to the objectives and priorities set out in Articles 3 and 4 respectively; \n\nit responds to a need and displays potential economic viability to be confirmed. 2. The projects of common interest are those listed in the Annex. 3. Any application by a Member State or the Commission for amending the list of projects of \ncommon interest set out in the Annex shall be decided in accordance with the procedure laid \ndown in Article 7. The criteria set out in paragraph 1 shall apply in deciding the application. A project may not be included in the list unless each Member State to whose territory the \nproject relates has approved its inclusion. 4. Member States shall take all relevant measures at national, regional and local level to facilitate \ncompletion of projects of common interest. In particular the national authorisation procedures \nshall be completed as rapidly as possible. 5. Where parts of projects of common interest are situated on the territory of third countries, the \nCommission is to put forward adequate proposals, where appropriate, within the framework \nof the management of the agreements between the Community and those third countries, for \nthe projects also to be recognized as of common interest reciprocally by the third countries \nconcerned. 6. The evaluation of economic viability referred to in the third indent of paragraph 1 shall be \nbased upon an overall cost-benefit analysis, which shall take account of all benefits such as \nenvironmental aspects, security of supply and the contribution to economic and social \ncohesion. 1. A committee composed of the representatives of the Member States and chaired by the \n\nrepresentative of the Commission is hereby instituted. Article 7 \n\n22 \n\n\fAny application for amendment of the list of projects of common interest made by the \nCommission or a Member State shall be submitted by the Commission to this Committee in \naccordance with the procedure laid down in paragraph 2. 2. The representative of the Commission shall submit to the committee a draft of the measures \nto be taken. The committee shall deliver its opinion on the draft within a time limit which the \nchairman may lay down according to the urgency of the matter. The opinion shall be delivered \nby the majority laid down in Article 148(2) of the Treaty in the case of decisions which the \nCouncil is required to adopt on a proposal from the Commission. The votes of the \nrepresentatives of the Member States within the committee shall be weighted in the manner \nset out in that Article. The chairman shall not vote. The Commission shall adopt measures which shall apply immediately. However, if these \nmeasures are not in accordance with the opinion of the committee, they shall be communicated \nby the Commission to the Council forthwith. In that event, the Commission may defer \napplication of the measures which it has decided for a period of not more than one month \nfrom the date of such communication. The Council, acting by a qualified majority, may take a different decision within the time limit \nreferred to in the previous paragraph. Article 8 \n\nEvery two years the Commission shall submit a report on the implementation of this Decision to \nthe European Parliament, the Council, the Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of \nthe Regions. This Decision shall enter into force on the third day following that of its publication in the Official \nJournal of the European Communities. Article 9 \n\nThis Decision is addressed to the Member States. Article 10 \n\nDone at Brussels, \n\nFor the European Parliament \nThe President \n\nFor the Council \nThe President \n\n23 \n\n\fANNEX \n\nTOANS-EUROPEAN ENERGY NETWORKS \n\nList of projects of common interest \n\nELECTRICITY NETWORKS \n\na. Connection of isolated electricity networks: \n\nal \na2 \na3 \na4 \na5 \na6 \n\nNorthern Ireland - Scotland \nIreland - United Kingdom \nGermany: connections to the eastern Lander \nGreece - Italy \nGreece: connection of Crete \nSpain: connection of the Balearic Islands \n\nb. Improvement of the electrical interconnections between the Member States: \n\nbl \nb2 \nb3 \nb4 \nb5 \nb6 \nb7 \nb8 \nb9 \nblO: Spain \n\nGermany \nGermany \nGermany \nFrance -\nFrance -\nFrance -\nFrance -\nBelgium \nBelgium \n-\n\n- Denmark \n- The Netherlands \n- Belgium \nBelgium \nGermany \nItaly \nSpain \n- The Netherlands \n- Luxembourg \nPortugal \n\nc. Improvement of electricity networks within the Member States associated with improvement \nof the interconnections between the Member States or with mini countries: \n\ncl: United Kingdom: Wales \nc2: Denmark: East-West link \nc3: The Netherlands: North-East zone \nc4: France: North-East zone \nc5: \nc6: Spain: North-South route and along the coasts of the Mediterranean and the Bay of \n\nItaly: North-South and East-West routes \n\nBiscay \n\nc7: Portugal: improvements to the interconnection with Spain \nc8: Greece: East-West route \n\n24 \n\n\fd. Establishment or improvement of electrical interconnections with third countries: \n\nItaly \nItaly \nItaly \n\ndl: Germany - Sweden \nd2: Germany - Poland \nd3: Germany - Norway \nd4: Germany - Austria \n- Switzerland \nd5: \n- Austria \nd6: \nd7: \n- Tunisia \nd8: Greece - Balkan countries \nd9: Greece - Turkey \ndlO: U. K. -Norway \ndl 1: The Netherlands - Norway \ndl2: France - Switzerland \ndl3: Spain \n\n- Morocco \n\nGAS NETWORKS \n\ne. Introduction of natural gas in new regions: \n\nel \ne2 \ne3 \ne4 \ne5 \ne6 \n\nNorthern Ireland \nGermany: eastern Lander \nCorsica and Sardinia \nnew regions \nSpain: \nPortugal: whole country \nGreece: whole country, including Crete \n\nf. Connection of isolated or separate gas networks: \n\nfl \nf2 \nf3 \n\nf4 \nf5 \nf6 \n\nIreland - Northern Ireland \nGreat Britain - the Continent \nGermany - Luxembourg - Belgium: connection of networks to the system of gas \npipelines from Zeebrugge \nGermany: connections to the eastern Lander \nSpain - France \nPortugal - Spain \n\n25 \n\n\fg. Increasing reception and storage capacities for LNG underground storage capacity \n\ngl \ng2 \ng3 \ng4 \ng5 \ng6 \ng7 \ng\u00ab \ng9 \n\nextension and construction of LNG stations \nextension of LNG stations \n\nIreland: construction of an LNG station \nGermany: construction of an LNG station \nFrance: extension of LNG stations \nItaly: \nSpain: \nGermany: creation of underground storage facilities \nFrance: creation of underground storage facilities \nSpain: \ncreation of underground storage facilities \nPortugal: creation of underground storage facilities \n\nh. New gas delivery pipelines \n\nhi \nh2 \nh3 \nh4 \nh5 \nh6 \nh7 \nh8 \nh9 \nhlO \nhll \n\nNorway - Belgium or Netherlands: new project considered \nNorway - Germany (Emden): EUROPIPE project \nNorway - Denmark - Sweden: SCANPIPE project \nAlgeria - Morocco - Spain - France (Toulouse/Fos) \nAlgeria - Tunisia - Italy: increase in capacity \nRussia - Ukraine - EC: upgrading of the existing system of gas pipelines \nRussia - Belarus - Poland - EC \nRussia - Scandinavian countries - EC \nLibya - Italy \nIran - Turkey - EC \nBulgaria - Greece \n\nN. B. : \n\nFor certain gas delivery pipeline projects not yet finalized LNG could be an attractive \nalternative. TECHNICAL COOPERATION \n\ni. Projects to improve technical cooperation on operation of the trans-European electricity \nnetworks and of the interconnected natural gas networks are also considered projects of \ncommon interest. * * # \n\n26 \n\n\fProposal for a \nCOUNCIL DECISION \n\nlaying down a series of measures aimed at creating a more favourable context \nfor the development of trans-European networks in the energy sector \n\nTHE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION, \n\nHaving regard to the Treaty establishing the European Community, and in particular the third \nparagraph of Article 129d thereof, \n\nHaving regard to the proposal from the Commission, \n\nIn cooperation with the European Parliament0*, \n\nHaving regard to the opinion of the Economic and Social Committee*2*, \n\nHaving regard to the opinion of the Committee of the Regions(3), \n\nWhereas the creation of a more favourable context at the technical, administrative, legal and \nfinancial levels for the development of trans-European energy networks is part of the lines of action \nwithin the meaning of Article 129c(l) of the Treaty and provided for in European Parliament and \n1994 [laying down a series of guidelines on trans-European energy \nCouncil Decision. of \nnetworks](4); \n\nWhereas the creation of a more favourable context at the technical, administrative and legal levels \nmust be aimed mainly at providing a stimulus for technical cooperation between the operators of \nthe networks, at simplifying and speeding up the existing authorization procedures for projects on \nthe networks in the Member States in order to reduce delays and at seeking a common approach for \ntechnical aspects applicable to these projects; \n\nWhereas, in order to speed up completion of projects of common interest identified by Decision. [guidelines on trans-European energy networks], it is necessary to provide the Community with the \npossibility of supporting, from the financial resources allocated specifically to trans-European \nnetworks, the financial efforts made by the Member States in favour of such projects, particularly \nin the form of aid for feasibility studies and, where appropriate, loan guarantees or interest-rate \nsubsidies; \n\n0) \n\n(2) \n\n(3) \n\n(4) OJ No L \n\n27 \n\n\fWhereas the other financial instruments at the disposal of the Community, such as the structural \nFunds, the European Investment Fund and the support from the European Investment Bank and \nprogrammes in favour of third countries could make a contribution, in some cases decisive, to the \nrealization of projects of common interest identified by Decision. [guidelines on trans-European \nenergy networks], \n\nHAS ADOPTED THIS DECISION: \n\nArticle 1 \n\nThis Decision lays down the action to be taken with a view to creating a more favourable technical, \nadministrative, legal and financial context for completion of the projects of common interest in \nconnection with trans-European energy networks and for operation of such networks on a \nCommunity-wide scale. 1. In order to contribute to creating a more favourable technical, administrative and legal context \nfor the development of trans-European networks, the Community shall promote: \n\nArticle 2 \n\ntechnical cooperation projects between die operators responsible for the management, \nmonitoring and control of the trans-European networks; \n\ncooperation between Member States with a view to simplifying and speeding up \nauthorization procedures for projects on trans-European energy networks in order to \nreduce delays; \n\nthe definition of a common approach for technical aspects applicable to trans-European \nenergy networks. 2. The Commission shall, in close collaboration with die Member States, take all useful \ninitiatives for promoting the coordination of the activities referred to in paragraph 1. In order to contribute to creating a more favourable financial context for trans-European energy \nnetworks, the Community: \n\nArticle 3 \n\n28 \n\n\f1. may, within the framework of its specific action on trans-European energy networks, provide \n\nfinancial support for projects of common interest financed by Member States: \n\nfor feasibility studies on projects of common interest identified by Decision. [guidelines on trans-European energy networks] and for the implementation stage of \nthese projects, in the form of interest-rate subsidies or loan guarantees; \n\nfor studies and projects aimed at improving technical cooperation on the operation of \ntrans-European networks referred to in die first indent of point 1 of Article 2. The financial support measures taken as part of the specific action on trans-European energy \nnetworks shall be adopted by the Commission in accordance with the procedure provided for \nby Article 4(2) and in accordance with the provisions of the Council Regulation [defining \ngeneral rules for the financing of trans-European networks](5>. 2. shall take account of the projects of common interest identified in Decision. [guidelines on \ntrans-European energy networks] in interventions by its Funds, instruments and financial \nprogrammes applicable to these networks, within the terms of their own rules and finalities. Article 4 \n\n1. In the implementation of the actions referred to in Article 2, the Commission shall be assisted \nby the committee established by Article 7(1) of Decision 94/. /E [guidelines on trans-European \nenergy networks]. The representative of the Commission shall submit to the committee a draft of the measures \nto be taken. The committee shall deliver its opinion on the draft, within a time limit which the \nchairman may lay down according to the urgency of the matter, if necessary by taking a vote. The opinion shall be recorded in the minutes; in addition, each Member State shall have the \nright to ask to have its position recorded in the minutes. The Commission shall take the utmost account of the opinion delivered by the committee. It shall inform the committee of the manner in which its opinion has been taken into account. 2. In the implementation of the actions referred to in point 1 of Article 3, the Commission shall \nbe assisted by the committee established by Article 7(1) of Decision 94/. /E [guidelines on \ntrans-European energy networks] in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 7(2) \nof that Decision. (5) OJ No L \n\n29 \n\n\fArticle 5 \n\nThe amounts to be granted pursuant to this Decision shall be entered annually in the general budget \nof the European Communities. They shall cover the financial support referred to in point 1 of \nArticle 3. Article 6 \n\nEvery two years the Commission shall submit a report on the implementation of this Decision to \nthe European Parliament, the Council, the Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of \nthe Regions. This Decision is addressed to the Member States. Article 7 \n\nDone at Brussels, \n\nFor the Council \nThe President \n\n30 \n\n\fTRANS-EUROPEAN ELECTRICITY \nNETWORKS \n\n- PROJECTS OF COMMON INTEREST -\n\nAs at 15-10-93 \n\n31 \n\n\fMAIN NETWORK FOR ELECTRICITY \nTRANSMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN \nCOUNTRIES \n\n^ \n\n\\> \n\nc=c \n\n\fTRANS-EUROPEAN GAS \nNETWORKS \n\n- PROJECTS OF COMMON INTEREST -\n\nAs at 15. 10. 93 \n\n33 \n\n\fMAIN NETW3RK FOR THE TRANSMISSION OF NATURAL \nGAS OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY AND NEIGH \nBOURING COUNTRIES OF EUROPE AND \nTHE MEDITERRANEAN B A S IN \n\n19 \n\n9 3 \n\n34 \n\n\fFINANCIAL STATEMENT \n\n1. TITLE OF OPERATION: Financial support for trans-European networks \n\n2. BUDGET HEADING INVOLVED: B5-710 - Energy networks \n\n3. LEGAL BASK: \n\nArticles 129b, 129c and 129d of the Treaty establishing the European Community. Proposal for a European Parliament and Council Decision, presented by the Commission \non. , laying down a series of guidelines on trans-European energy networks. Proposal for a Council Decision, presented by the Commission on. , laying down a \nseries of measures aimed at creating a more favourable context for the development of \ntrans-European networks in the energy sector. Council Directive No 90/547/EEC of 29 October 1990 on the transit of electricity \nthrough transmission grids (OJ No L 313/30, 13. 11. 1990). Council Directive No 91/296VEEC of 31 May 1991 on the transit of natural gas through \ngrids (OJ No L 147/37, 12. 6. 1991). Council Resolution of 22 January 1990 concerning trans-European networks \n(OJ No C 27/8, 6. 2. 1990). Proposal for a Council Directive concerning common rules for the internal market in \nelectricity and in natural gas (COM(91) 548 final, 21 February 1992 - OJ No C 65/4, \n14. 3. 1992). Proposal for a Council Regulation introducing a declaration of European interest \n(COM(92) 15, 24 February 1992, as amended by COM(93) 115, 19. 4. 1993). 35 \n\n\f4. DESCRIPTION OF OPERATION \n\n4. 1 Objectives of operation \n\nTo contribute to the establishment and development of trans-European energy networks \nby promoting the interconnection and interoperability of the national networks as well \nas access to such networks. The aim is to facilitate the emergence, development and optimum operation of the \nnatural gas and electricity transmission projects of common interest identified in the \nguidelines on trans-European energy networks. The operation consists of promoting projects on electricity and gas interconnections not \nonly in the Community, particularly in areas where improvements to the networks are \nneeded or which are still isolated, but also with non-Community countries in Europe and \nthe Mediterranean region in order to contribute to attaining the objectives of completing \nthe internal market, strengthening economic and social cohesion and improving the \nsecurity and reliability of the Community's energy supplies. The financial support from the Community will be granted primarily for defining and \nstarting projects of common interest, by promoting feasibility studies on such projects, \nand, where appropriate, offering interest-rate subsidies during me implementation phase. Financial support could also be granted to promote studies to improve technical \ncooperation on operation of the interconnected trans-European electricity and natural gas \nnetworks. 4. 2 Period covered by the operation and method provided for its renewal or continuation. Duration: 1994-1998. The advisability of continuing the operation beyond mis period \nwill be considered on the basis of the results of the evaluation. 5. CLASSIFICATION OF EXPENDITURE OR REVENUE \n\n5. 1 - Non-compulsory expenditure. 52 - Differentiated appropriations. 53 - Type of revenue provided - nil. 6. TYPE OF EXPENDITURE \n\nFinancial contribution (grants) to feasibility studies on projects of common interest. 36 \n\n\fFinancial contribution to studies and projects on technical cooperation, in the form of \ngrants covering up to 50% of the total cost. Interest-rate subsidies for projects of common interest which have demonstrated potential \neconomic viability and possibly the granting of loan guarantees. 7. FINANCIAL IMPACT \n\n7. 1 Method of calculating total cost of operation (definition of unit costs) \n\nThe total investment needed throughout the Community between 1994 and 1999 on the \ntrans-European electricity and natural gas transmission network projects of common \ninterest identified so far will be in the order of ECU 13 billion. Some 70 projects are \nconcerned. One half of these projects could qualify for support for feasibility studies in the period \n1994-1998. These normally cost between ECU 2 and 4 million, depending on the \nproject. Assuming an average Community contribution of 50%, the total budget for part-\nfunding these studies would be in the order of ECU 50 million. Approximately ECU 10 million would be allocated to promoting technical cooperation \nbetween the networks. In the order of ECU 30 million would be earmarked for interest-rate subsidies, which \nwill be granted only to projects with a favourable cost/benefit analysis and for which the \nsubsidy would be a decisive factor in proceeding with the investment considered. By \nway of illustration, a 1% reduction (for example, from 10% to 9%) in the interest rate \non a loan of ECU 1 000 million repayable over 10 years is worth in the order of \nECU 7 million a year. The estimated budget of ECU 30 million would allow interest-\nrate cuts of 1% on loans totalling ECU 1 000 million over 4 years. Consequently, the total cost of the operation would be ECU 90 million, which is \nconsidered the minimum for credible, effective action by the Community. A bigger \nbudget could prove necessaiy from 1999, which would be the subject of evaluation by \nthe Commission in the reports provided for in the draft decisions accompanying this \ncommunication. 37 \n\n\fIn 1994, the first year of the operation, the entire amount requested will be used \nexclusively to promote feasibility studies. In 1995 feasibility studies will still be the \npriority, but a start will also be made on technical cooperation projects. In 1996 interest-\nrate subsidies will be introduced, in addition to the support for feasibility studies and for \ntechnical cooperation. Based on the closest estimates available at the moment, around 40% of the aid should \ngo to the electricity sector and the other 60% to the gas industry. However, the cost-\nbenefit analyses and the accelerator effect of the contributions by the Community will \ndecide the final breakdown of the aid between these two sectors. 7. 2 \n\nItemized breakdown of cost of op\u00e9ration \n\nBREAKDOWN \n\n1993 \nBUDGET \n\n1994 \nDRAFT \nBUDGET \n\nINDICATIVE PLAN \n\n1995 \n\n1996 \n\n1997 \n\n1998 \n\nFeasibility studies \n\n7 \n\n12 \n\n12 \n\n12 \n\nPromotion technical \n\ncooperation \n\nInterest rate \n\nsubsidies \n\n3 \n\n3 \n\n5 \n\nTOTAL \n\n50 \n\n10 \n\n30 \n\n7 \n\n2 \n\n2 \n\n10 \n\n15 \n\nTOTAL \n\np. m. 7 \n\n15 \n\n20 \n\n24 \n\n24 \n\n90 \n\n73 \n\nIndicative schedule of appropriations \n\n1993 \nBudget \n\n1994 \nDraft \nbudget \n\nINDICATIVE PLAN \n\n1995 \n\n1996 \n\n1997 \n\n1998 \n\nmillion ECU \n\nT \n0 \nT \nA \nL \n\np. m. 7 \n\n15 \n\n20 \n\n24 \n\n24 \n\n90 \n\n38 \n\n\f8. FRAUD PREVENTION MEASURES PLANNED \n\n(AND RESULTS OF THEIR \n\nIMPLEMENTATION) \n\nFraud prevention measures (inspections, reporting, etc. ) are included in all the agreements or \ncontracts between the Commission and the parties which it pays. The Commission departments concerned verify the subsidies or receipt of the services, \nfeasibility studies or assessments ordered before payment, taking account of the contractual \nobligations and the principles of economy and sound financial or general management. 9. ELEMENTS OF \u0153ST-EFTHECTIVENESS ANALYSIS \n\n9. 1 Specific and quantifiable objectives, target population \n\nCloser integration of natural gas and electricity transmission infrastructure is one of the \nchief ways of implementing the internal energy market, by improving the flexibility and \nsecurity of the Community's energy supplies and, in the long term, strengthening \neconomic and social cohesion in the Community. In particular, adjustment of electricity and natural gas transmission infrastructure to the \nCommunity dimension is essential for effective implementation of the Council Directive \nof 29 October 1990 on the transit of electricity (OJ No L 313, 13. 11. 1990) and of the \nCouncil Directive of 31 May 1991 on the transit of natural gas (OJNoL 147, \n12. 6. 1991). The greater competition foreshadowed by the proposals for Council Directive concerning \ncommon rules for the internal market in electricity and in natural gas (COM(91) 548 \nfinal, 21 February 1992) will in turn demand an extra effort in the energy infrastructure \nfield to allow these markets to operate properly. Further Community-wide integration of electricity and natural gas transmission \ninfrastructure is also needed to support the growth in transfers of energy to and from \nnon-Community countries. This, in turn, is one of the mainstays of the Community's \nsecurity of supply. It is hard to quantify these factors in a cost-effectiveness analysis. Nevertheless, simply taking account of the Community dimension when managing the \nelectricity system, based on interconnected networks, should allow further savings in \naddition to those already made principally as a result of the transfers provided for by \nbilateral supply contracts. Based on the current configuration of the electricity \ntransmission networks, including the ongoing projects, experts from the electricity \nindustry estimate that these further savings could be worm in the order of ECU 1 billion \nper year, or approximately 3% of electricity generating costs, attributable primarily to the \nreduction in the cost of the primary energy sources burned in power stations. Similar \nsavings could be expected for natural gas. The target population for the operation is the whole of the Community and neighbouring \ncountries involved in interconnection projects. 39 \n\n\f9. 2 Grounds for the operation \n\nTo provide energy networks tailored to the internal energy market and to the needs of \nEuropean industry, encouragement is needed at Community level, together with \ncoordination of the measures taken by the Member States and the private sector. These \nobjectives could not be attained at any alternative level. The Community dimension of the issue makes action by the Community essential to \npromote implementation of projects offering benefits extending beyond the State or \nMember States in which they are carried out. The main spin-offs, beyond completion of the internal energy market, concern the \nsecurity of the Community's supplies in this strategic field and the strengthening of \neconomic and social cohesion, plus the benefits for the Community's external relations \npolicy, particularly vis-\u00e0-vis the countries of Eastern Europe and in the Mediterranean \nregion. The multiplier effects, particularly the ability to mobilize other sources of funding, are \nbeing assessed. However, it is already clear that projects of this type mobilize substantial \npublic and private capital, as proved by the financial mechanisms for the Structural \nFunds, where energy projects have attracted four to five times the Community \ncontribution. 93 Monitoring and evaluation of the operation \n\nThe proposal for a Council Decision on a series of actions aimed at creating a \nmore favourable context for die development of trans-European energy networks \nprovides for the establishment of a committee of representatives of the Member \nStates to assist the Commission with monitoring and assessing those actions. The proposal also provides for the preparation of a report which the Commission \nis to submit to the European Parliament, the Council, the Economic and Social \nCommittee and the Committee for the Regions every two years. 9. 4 Coherence with financial programming \n\nThis operation is incorporated in the DCs financial programming for the relevant years. The objective of the proposed operation fits in with the broader objective of establishing \ntrans-European energy networks. * \n\n* \n\n* \n\n40 \n\n\fISSN 0254-1475 \n\nCOM(93) 685 final \n\nDOCUMENTS \n\nEN \n\n12 \n\nCatalogue number : CB-CO-93-751-EN-C \n\n' t \n\nISBN 92-77-63150-3 \n\nOffice for Official Publications of the European Communities \nLr2985 Luxembourg"}
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+{"cellarURIs": "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/c3359307-93ef-46e1-b3a5-c2a0fca00542", "title": "RESOLUTION on the setting up and operation of specialized bodies and agencies", "langIdentifier": "ENG", "mtypes": "print", "workTypes": "http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#act_preparatory,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#resolution_other_ep,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#resource_legal,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#work", "authors": "Committee on Constitutional Affairs,European Parliament", "date": "1993-01-19", "subjects": "EU competence,EU office or agency,delegation of power,free service", "workIds": "celex:51992IP0414", "eurovoc_concepts": ["EU competence", "EU office or agency", "delegation of power", "free service"], "url": "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/c3359307-93ef-46e1-b3a5-c2a0fca00542", "lang": "eng", "formats": ["print"]}
+{"cellarURIs": "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/ddc37a11-1395-4281-8a77-52acd6f651f4", "title": "Proposal for a COUNCIL DECISION laying down a series of measures aimed at creating a more favourable context for the development of trans-European networks in the energy sector", "langIdentifier": "ENG", "mtypes": "pdf,pdfa1b,print", "workTypes": "http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#act_preparatory,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#proposal_act,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#proposal_decision_ec,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#resource_legal,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#work", "authors": "European Commission", "date": "1993-01-19", "subjects": "EU aid,electrical energy,energy grid,natural gas,technical cooperation,trans-European network", "workIds": "celex:51993PC0685(02),comnat:COM_1993_0685(02)_FIN,oj:JOC_1994_072_R_0015_01", "eurovoc_concepts": ["EU aid", "electrical energy", "energy grid", "natural gas", "technical cooperation", "trans-European network"], "url": "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/ddc37a11-1395-4281-8a77-52acd6f651f4", "lang": "eng", "formats": ["pdf", "pdfa1b", "print"], "text": "COMMISSSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES \n\nCOM(93)685 final \nBrussels, 19. 01. 1994 \n\n94/0009 (COD) \n94/0010 (SYN) \n\nCOMMISSION COMMUNICATION TO THE \nEUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL \n\non Community guidelines on trans-European \nenergy networks \n\nProposal for a \nEUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND COUNCIL DECISION \n\n94/0009 (COD) \n\nlaying down a series of guidelines on trans-European \nenergy networks \n\nProposal for a \nCOUNCIL DECISION \n\n94/0010 (SYN) \n\nlaying down a series of measures aimed at creating a more \nfavourable context for the development of trans-European \nnetworks in the energy sector \n\n(presented by the Commission) \n\n\fCOMMUNITY GUIDELINES ON TRANS-EUROPEAN ENERGY NETWORKS \n\nCONTENTS \n\nPage \n\n3 \n\n6 \n\n9 \n9 \n10 \n\n10 \n\n14 \n\n16 \n\n17 \n\n18 \n\nCOMMISSION COMMUNICATION \n\nI. INTRODUCTION \n\nII. SUBSIDIARITY \n\nIII. COMMUNITY GUIDELINES ON TRANS-EUROPEAN \n\nENERGY NETWORKS \n\n* Community objectives \n* The priorities \n* Broad lines of action \n\nIdentification of projects of common interest \n\nA. B. Creation of a more favourable technical,administrative, legal \nand financial context for the establishment of trans-European \nenergy networks \n\n* External aspects \n\nIV. IMPLEMENTATION OF THE GUIDELINES ON \nTRANS-EUROPEAN ENERGY NETWORKS \n\nV. CONCLUSIONS \n\nPROPOSAL FOR A EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND COUNCIL DECISION \nLAYING DOWN A SERIES OF GUIDELINES ON TRANS-EUROPEAN \nENERGY NETWORKS \n\n* * * \n\nPROPOSAL FOR A COUNCIL DECISION LAYING DOWN A SERIES OF \nMEASURES AIMED AT CREATING A MORE FAVOURABLE CONTEXT \nFOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF TRANS-EUROPEAN NETWORKS IN THE \nENERGY SECTOR \n\n* * * \n\nANNEX \n\n* * * \n\nMaps of the existing trans-European electricity and natural gas networks and of \n\nthe projects of common interest \n\nCOMMUNITY GUIDELINES ON TRANS-EUROPEAN ENERGY NETWORKS \n\n2) \n\n\fCOMMUNITY GUIDELINES ON TRANS-EUROPEAN ENERGY NETWORKS \n\nCOMMISSION COMMUNICATION \n\nI \n\nINTRODUCTION \n\n1. Over the last two years the Commission has continued its discussion on energy networks, \nbased on two landmark documents adopted at the start of that period which were the fruit of \nearlier work on the subject0*. These two documents were: \n\nThe Treaty on European Union \n\nThe agreement reached at Maastricht bears witness to the unanimous political will of the \ngovernments of the Member States to see the Community involved in developing \ntrans-European networks, including energy networks, and in adapting them to the new \nconditions on the internal market. Details of these new activities by the Community are \ngiven in Article 129c of the new Treaty. They include: \n\nthe establishment of common guidelines; \n\nany measures necessary to ensure interoperability and harmonization of technical \nstandards; \n\nthe possibility of financial support for projects of common interest, particularly in \nthe form of aid for feasibility studies, loan guarantees or interest-rate subsidies. The provisions of the two proposals for Decisions on trans-European energy networks \nwhich accompany this Communication and which are submitted by the Commission \ncomply with these requirements, as requested by the Council(2). The Communication submitted to the Council by the Commission in early 1992 on \nelectricity and natural gas transmission infrastructures in the Community(3). (,) \n\n(2) \n\nSee the communication from the Commission entitled \"Towards trans-European networks: for \na Community action programme\" (COM(90) 585 final, 10 December 1990). See the conclusions of the Council meeting on the internal market on 31 March 1992 \nconcerning trans-European networks. (3) Communication from the Commission to the Council entitled \"Electricity and natural gas \ntransmission infrastructures in the Community\" (SEC(92) 553 final, 27 March 1992). This document analysed the existing networks and the development projects in progress \nor planned and, taking account of likely supply and demand trends for these two forms \nof energy, highlighted the need for: \n\nconsistent development of the major energy networks in the Community and the \nrest of Europe; \n\nincreased energy transmission capacity, including transmission to the peripheral \nregions of the Community; \n\npromotion of technical cooperation between the network operators. 2. Today's electricity and natural gas transmission networks reflect the significant developments \nin most Member States in recent years. These national developments have been accompanied \nby international cooperation which has led to the interconnection of the national electricity \ngrids, for example in the UCPTE network which extends to most Member States, and to the \nconstruction of trans-frontier gas pipelines, for example from the Netherlands and Russia. However, network development is still shaped by the national dimension, with the objective \nof self-sufficiency at national level, which is no longer strictly compatible with the progress \nmade towards integration within the Community, particularly with the completion of the \ninternal market. Moreover, these developments have not been the same throughout the \nCommunity. Some Member States and many frontier or peripheral regions and islands have \nlittle or no access to the major European energy networks. For these less well endowed \nMember States and regions, development of their energy transmission infrastructure and \nconnection to the trans-European networks are one of the preconditions for effective \nparticipation in the internal market and for strengthening economic and social cohesion within \nthe Community. 3. Recent and foreseeable developments in energy supply and demand point to two trends: \n\nan increase in transfers of electricity between Member States and to and from \nnon-Community countries to harness the complementary features of the different \nelectricity systems or to cover any shortfalls in production, whether temporary, seasonal \nor permanent; \n\na rapid increase in natural gas imports from outside the Community. These extra transfers and new imports will not be possible unless energy transmission \nnetworks designed and operated increasingly on a Community-wide or European scale and \noffering greater transmission capacity become available. 4. Completion of the internal market combined with energy supply and demand trends in the \nCommunity therefore pose a series of challenges to electricity and gas undertakings and to \nsome extent to the public authorities, of which the most important, particularly as regards the \nmajor energy networks, are: \n\n\fbridging of the remaining discontinuities at the interfaces between the national networks; \n\nincrease of the capacity of the interconnections between the electricity grids and of the \nnatural gas supply lines; \n\nconnection of isolated or underequipped countries and regions; \n\nthe interoperability of the network at European level and maintenance of quality of \nservice (continuity of supply, stability of voltage and frequency, etc. ); \n\nutilization of the networks, as they become increasingly complex with the growing \nnumber of interconnections and the larger geographical areas connected. 5. Given the magnitude of these tasks, national operations alone are not enough. It is therefore necessary for the Community to be able to take action by establishing guidelines \non electricity and natural gas transmission networks with a view to encouraging development \nand full consideration of the Community dimension of these networks and of the challenges \nposed by their growing interdependence. In this context, the Commission proposes two lines \nof action: \n\nidentification of projects of common interest to supplement and strengthen these \nnetworks; \n\ntechnical, administrative, legal and financial measures to contribute towards creating a \nfavourable context for completing projects for the networks. 6. This action by the Community on trans-European energy networks fits into the context of a \nsystem which is moving towards open and competitive markets. It is therefore necessary that \nundertakings should direct their investment decisions according to their own economic \nforecasts and that they should themselves bear the economic risk. Consequently, the list of \nprojects of common interest proposed will have no binding force on the economic operators \nconcerned. Instead, the objective is for the Community to establish, taking due account of the \nsubsidiarity principle, a reference framework enabling the economic circles concerned to take \nfuller account of the Community dimension in developing and operating energy transmission \nnetworks. 7. Alongside this reference framework on trans-European energy networks, the Commission has \nalready submitted a proposal for a Council Regulation introducing a declaration of European \ninterest for selected projects on the transmission of electricity and natural gas \n(COM(92) 15 final), followed by a proposal modifying it (COM(93) 115 final). This \ndeclaration is intended to help to mobilize the necessary funds and to promote cooperation \nbetween the public authorities concerned so as to ensure that projects are completed as rapidly \nas possible. It will be granted to clearly defined projects endorsed by feasibility studies and \nwill complement the identification of projects of common interest provided for by the \nguidelines. In preparing this Communication, the Commission also drew on the opinions given by experts \nfrom the Member States, by the trade organizations which it consulted, representing energy \nproducers, transmitters and distributors^ and by consumers(5). The Commission proposes to \nrenew these consultations periodically, as regards the Member States' experts in the framework \nof the committee which it is proposed to set up, and as regards the trade associations and the \neconomic operators on the occasion of drawing up the reports provided for in these proposals \nfor Decisions. II. SUBSIDIARITY \n\n9. As regards subsidiarity, the reasons for the annexed proposals to the Council and the European \nParliament for decisions defining the nature and scope of the action bv the Community to \nestablish guidelines on trans-European energy networks are explained below. (a) What are the objectives of me proposed action by the Community in relation to the \n\nobligations incumbent upon the Community? \n\nIn undertaking this action, the Community is fulfilling the obligations incumbent on it \nunder Title XII of the Treaty on European Union. The proposed action by the Community on trans-European energy networks will \ncontribute towards attaining several of the Community's objectives. These include \ngeneral objectives such as economic growth, the internal market and integration within \nthe Community, the strengthening of economic and social cohesion and cooperation with \nthe non-Community countries in Europe and in the Mediterranean region. More \nspecifically, in the energy field, the action proposed will help to consolidate and \nstrengthen the Community's security of supply and to set up energy systems more \ncompatible with protection of the environment. w > 'UCPTE: \n\nUnion for the coordination of the production and transport of electric \npower. EURELECTRIC: Groupement europ\u00e9en des entreprises d'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 - GEIE. EUROGAS: \nE&P FORUM: \nCEDEC: \nGEODE: \n\nUnion europ\u00e9enne de l'industrie du gaz naturel. The oil industry international exploration and production forum. Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration europ\u00e9enne des distributeurs publics communaux d'\u00e9nergie. Groupement europ\u00e9en des entreprises et organismes de distribution \nd'\u00e9nergie -GEIE. (5) \n\nELECTRICITY ASSOCIATION (UK). ENERGIENED: Netherlands union of energy distribution undertakings. CEFIC: \nIFIEC: \nBEUC: \nUNICE: \n\nEuropean Council of chemical manufacturers' federations. International federation of industrial energy consumers. European bureau of consumers' unions. Union of industrial and employer's confederations of Europe. (b) b the Community alone responsible for the action planned or does it share responsibility \n\nwith the Member States? \n\nThe Community and the Member States share responsibility for the action proposed. (c) What is the Community dimension of the problem (for example, how many Member \n\nStates are concerned and which solution has been in force hitherto)? \n\nDevelopment of these networks is of concern to every Member State: \n\nin the case of electricity, because of the expected increase in interchanges of \nelectricity, as a result of completion of the internal market, of the growing \ninterdependence of the Member States' electricity systems and of the objective of \nmaking increasingly economic use of these systems; \n\nin the case of natural gas, because of the growing share of energy consumption \ndue to be covered by natural gas imported from non-Community countries and the \nsharp increase expected in the volume of gas transit across one or more Member \nStates. The Community dimension is also extremely important for the Member States and \nregions with energy systems currently isolated from or inadequately connected to \nthe Community's main electricity and natural gas transmission networks. These \nare usually in the least developed areas in the Community. (d) Which is the most efficient solution, comparing the means available to the Community \n\nand to the Member States? \n\nThe proposed action by the Community will raise to Community level plans and \nmeasures which already exist in the Member States but which can now be handled more \nefficiently at Community level, given the growing complexity and interdependence of \nthe electricity and natural gas transmission networks in Europe. The Community action proposed supplements the similar measures which the Member \nStates are taking at their own level, particularly the master plans, guidelines or \ndevelopment plans for energy transmission infrastructure already adopted or in \npreparation. (e) Which specific added value will the proposed action by the Community offer and what \n\nwould be the cost of inaction? \n\nThe proposed action by the Community offers the added value of speeding up the \nprocess of study, preparation and investment regarding electricity and natural gas \ntransmission networks by virtue of: \n\nthe consensus reached by the Community and nie Member States on the future \ndevelopment of these networks and on the accompanying measures which prove \nnecessary; \n\n\fthe targeting of the interests of undertakings in the industries concerned and of \ninvestors; \n\nguidance for the financial support from the Community, whether aid from the \nStructural Funds, specific measures to support trans-European networks or loans \nfrom, in particular, the EIB (see the new lending facility set up as part of the \ngrowth initiative). The cost of inaction would be the sum total of: \n\ndevelopment of electricity and natural gas transmission networks lagging behind \nfuture needs and less consistent on a Community-wide scale; \n\nthe adverse impact on operation of the internal market and cohesion. (f) Which forms of action are open to the Community (recommendations, financial support, \n\nregulations, mutual recognition, etc. )? \n\nTwo forms of action are proposed: \n\nthe adoption of the proposals for decisions submitted by the Commission to settle \nthe nature and scope of the action by the Community with regard to guidelines on \ntrans-European energy networks. These decisions would define: \n\nthe broad guidelines for future development of these networks; and \n\naccompanying actions to create a favourable context for preparation and \nimplementation of projects of common interest; \n\nwithin the framework of the budget procedures, where appropriate, the granting of \nfinancial aid from the funds specifically for trans-European networks to projects \nof common interest fitting into the series of guidelines. (g) Are uniform rales necessaiy or would a directive setting the general objectives but \n\nleaving implementation to the Member States suffice? \n\nAt this juncture, uniform legislation, i. e. the Council Decision, is needed to define and \ndelimit the action taken by the Community on trans-European energy networks. At a later stage, in the light of the accompanying actions provided for, particularly of \nthe analyses of the authorization procedures for projects and of the rules on \nenvironmental and health protection, approximation of certain rules in force in the \nMember States could be useful or necessary, given the transfrontier nature of most of \nthe network development work proposed and the overriding need for undertakings to be \nable to complete projects within a manageable timescale commensurate with trends in \nenergy supply and in demand on the market. In these cases, the action by the Community could take the form of a recommendation \nor, if need be, a directive. ffl. COMMUNITY GUIDELINES ON TRANS-EUROPEAN ENERGY NETWORKS \n\n10. First, the Community guidelines proposed clearly define the Community objectives to which \nthe trans-European energy networks are expected to contribute. Next they set the priorities \nfor development of the networks to ensure that they make an effective contribution to attaining \nthese objectives. Lastly, they clarify the broad lines of action envisaged for developing these \nnetworks, including identifying projects of common interest and creating a more favourable \ncontext for completing the projects for the networks. Community objectives \n\n11. The action taken by the Community to establish guidelines on trans-European energy networks \nby promoting the development, interconnection and interoperability of the networks as well \nas access to such networks will contribute to achieving the following objectives of the \nCommunity: \n\nstrengthening the Community's security of energy supply: \n\nin the short to medium term, by improving the efficiency and reliability of all the \nCommunity's electricity and gas systems; \n\nin the long term, by diversifying supply sources and routes and strengthening ties \nwith the non-Community countries supplying energy or transited; \n\nallowing effective operation of the internal market in two ways: \n\nby providing infrastructure which allows supply to respond to the demand for \nnatural gas and electricity throughout the Community, and thereby to ensure \nbalanced operation of the internal energy market; \n\nby allowing the citizens of the Community, economic circles and regional and \nlocal authorities to reap the full benefits derived from the establishment of an area \nwithout internal borders; \n\npromoting economic and social cohesion by reducing the isolation and facilitating the \ndevelopment of the less-favoured and peripheral regions and islands. The priorities \n\n12. To attain these objectives, the Commission proposes the following priorities for the action \n\ntaken under the Community guidelines on trans-European energy networks: \n\nfor electricity networks: \n\nconnection of isolated networks, which are usually located in the less-developed \nregions of the Community; \n\n13) \n\n\fdevelopment (establishment or improvement) of interconnections between Member \nStates and of internal connections in so far as this is indispensable to the operation \nof these interconnections; \n\n(establishment or strengthening) of \n\ndevelopment \ninterconnections with \nnon-Community countries in Europe and the Mediterranean region which \ncontribute to improving the reliability and security of the Community's electricity \nsupply networks or add to electricity supplies to the Community; \n\nfor natural gas networks; \n\nintroduction of natural gas to new regions; \n\nconnection of isolated networks to the trans-European networks, including any \nimprovements needed to the latter for that purpose and connection of the separate \nnetworks; \n\nincrease in transmission (gas delivery pipeline), reception (LNG) and storage \ncapacities needed to satisfy the demand and diversification of supply sources and \nroutes for natural gas. The priorities proposed set no chronological order but indicate the political and strategic \nimportance of the measures. These priorities are to be set for the period between now and the \nyear 2000 but by no means preclude projects planned to start after that date but to which a \ncommitment is made by then. This date marks the maximum timescale for which reasonably \nvalid forecasts can be made in connection with energy transmission networks. Broad lines of action \n\n13. The broad lines of action proposed for the Community guidelines on trans-European energy \n\nnetworks are: \n\nidentification of projects of common interest: \n\ncreation of a more favourable context for completion of the projects for trans-European \nenergy networks, with the aid of technical, administrative, legal and financial measures. A. Identification of projects of common interest \n\n14. The Commission proposes a three-stage procedure for identification of projects of common \n\ninterest: \n\nfirst, technical definition of the types of project which can be taken into consideration \nin this approach to trans-European energy networks; \n\nsecond, establishment of the criteria which must be met by all projects of common \ninterest; \n\n10 \n\n\fthird, identification of the currently discernible needs for strengthening of the networks. These proposals take account of the information received during the Commission's \nconsultations with experts from the Member States and from the industries concerned. 15. Technical definition \n\nFrom the technical point of view, the proposal is to take into consideration, basically, very \nhigh voltage electricity lines (220 kV or more) and high-pressure gas pipelines. The \ndefinition will also include the equipment essential for operation of these lines and pipelines, \nincluding control centres. 16. Criteria for establishing common interest \n\nThe proposal is that projects will be considered of common interest if they satisfy all three of \nthe following criteria: \n\ncorrespond to the technical definition; \n\nfit in with the objectives and priorities set by these Community guidelines; \n\ndisplay potential economic viability. The criterion of the economic viability of a project has regard in the first instance to financial \nprofitability. Moreover, it also includes where appropriate other components of cost-benefit \nanalyses which are not normally calculated by the markets, for example the benefits (or costs) \narising from the environmental aspects, security of supply and the contribution to \nstrengthening economic and social cohesion. List of projects of common interest for trans-European energy networks identified in 1993 \n\n17. The proposed list of projects of common interest for electricity and gas networks is annexed \nto the proposal for the \"guidelines\" Decision. It indicates the projects currently regarded as \nsatisfying the common interest criteria defined earlier. Each project on the list corresponds to a need for capacity identified in the network. To \nsimplify the format, the projects have been classified by type of need and, where appropriate, \nby link, region or country. It is possible that one or more projects or parts of specific projects \ncould satisfy the same need. The types of needs identified in the list are described in points 18 \nand 19. According to the second paragraph of Article 129d of the Treaty, guidelines and projects of \ncommon interest relating to the territory of a Member State require the approval of that \nMember State. Member States have been consulted and have given their agreement, in \nprinciple, to the projects on the list which concern their territories. 11 \n\n\fThe list includes a number of less advanced projects of common interest which are presumed \nto be economically viable, although this will have to be confirmed by technical and economic \nfeasibility studies. In addition to the projects on the list, any project to improve the technical management of the \ntrans-European electricity and natural gas networks will also be of common interest (see \npoint 20). 18. In the case of electricity networks, the following types of need are identified on the list: \n\n(a) connection of isolated electricity networks \n\nThe twin aims are to connect the national systems to the Community networks, as in the \ncase of Greece and Ireland where the electricity networks are still isolated but will be \nconnected to the UCPTE network via Italy and the United Kingdom respectively, and \nto extend the national networks in order to integrate areas not yet connected or \ninadequately connected, for example the eastern Lander or territory in the form of \nislands. (b) \n\nimprovement of the electrical interconnections between the Member States \n\nThe aim is to reinforce the international interconnections in order to increase security \nof supply throughout the interconnected system in Europe and to allow increased \ntransfers of electricity on the more integrated internal market. These improvements are \nnecessary given the virtual saturation of most of the existing interconnections. (c) \n\nimprovement of electricity networks witinn the Member States associated with \nimprovement of the electrical interconnections between the Member States or with third \ncountries \n\nIn grid networks power is transmitted indiscriminately from all generators to all users \nvia the network. Bottlenecks can therefore arise both within the network of a single \nMember State and at the interfaces between the Member States. These weak spots can \nimpair operation of the system and pose a risk of power cuts. They must therefore be \nremoved. (d) establishment or improvement of electrical interconnections with third countries \n\nThe objective is to establish or increase the capacity of interconnections between the \nMember States and their non-Community neighbours, i. e. : \n\nwith Switzerland and Austria, both of which are on the UCPTE network and \noccupy a central position in intra-Community transfers; \n\nwith the Scandinavian countries to harness the complementary features between \nthe UCPTE/United Kingdom \nsystem (dominated by thermal power station \ncapacity) and the Nordel network (with its abundant hydroelectricity resources); \n\n12 \n\n\fwith the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, which plan interconnection with \nthe UCPTE's synchronous system in the medium term. This will offer the \nCommunity the advantages of new opportunities for transfers and, in the long \nterm, improvements to the electricity systems in its frontier regions; \n\nwith non-Community Mediterranean countries to contribute to the Community's \nelectricity supply (in the case of the Tunisia-Italy and Turkey-Greece links) or to \npromote integration of regional markets (in the case of the Morocco-Spain link). 19. In the case of gas networks, the following types of need are identified on the list: \n\n(e) \n\nintroduction of natural gas in new regions \n\nParts of the Community still have no natural gas network. Introduction of this fuel can \nmake a major contribution to their competitiveness and economic development, to \ndiversification of their energy supplies and to solving their environmental problems. (f) \n\nconnection of isolate or separate gas networks \n\nSome Member States or regions of the Community with gas networks are not yet linked \nto the interconnected gas transmission pipeline system. Also, some neighbouring \nMember States which already have natural gas, or soon will, are not yet interconnected. (g) \n\nincreasing reception and storage capacities for LNG and underground storage capacity \n\nIncreased storage capacity is needed to cope with the growth in consumption and in the \nshare of the Community's energy supplies accounted for by natural gas, also taking \naccount of the growing dependence on natural gas supplies from outside the Community. It is therefore both a question of security of supply and of increased needs for storage \ncapacity connected with the increase in volume of the market \n\nIn addition to their storage capacity, the LNG stations forming part of the basic \ninfrastructure of the natural gas transmission grids expand the potential supply, even \nfrom far-away distant sources. (h) new gas delivery pipelines (and improvement of the existing systems) \n\nTo cope with the forecast developments on the market and in natural gas supplies, \nmeasures must be taken to develop me gas transmission pipeline capacity from the \ncurrent suppliers (Algeria, Norway and Russia) and from potential suppliers (Libya and \nIran). In addition, the completion of these projects will be in accordance with European \nUnion policy towards the third countries concerned. For certain gas delivery pipeline projects not yet finalized LNG could be an attractive \nalternative. 13 \n\n\fB. Creation of a more favourable technical, administrative, legal and financial context for the \n\nestablishment of trans-european energy networks \n\nTechnical measures \n\n20. The operators of the trans-European energy networks already cooperate closely on technical \nmatters. However, with the steady increase in interconnections and the growing complexity \nof the systems, closer technical cooperation between the operators of trans-European networks \nis necessary to ensure maximum interoperability of the networks on a Community scale. Closer technical cooperation could be achieved in particular by means of projects aiming at: \n\nsetting up and making wide use of a system for the presentation and exchange of \ninformation between the system control centres of the trans-European networks; \n\nconducting research and development work on more effective, compatible simulation and \ntrans-European network management models between the various operators and control \ncentres. As indicated in point 17, the Commission proposes that these too should be considered \nprojects of common interest. It is understood that this technical cooperation has to be carried out within the rules of the \nTreaty and in particular the rules relating to competition. Administrative and legal measures \n\n21. Authorization criteria and procedures \n\nDevelopment of these networks will require completion of a series of new projects. This raises \ntwo questions about the existing administrative and legal obligations. The first concerns access \nto the activity, specifically the right to construct an electricity line or gas pipeline. At the \nmoment in most Member States mis is restricted by de jure or de facto monopolies. The \nsecond concerns the complexity and, in some cases, slowness of the administrative procedures \nfor obtaining building permission. In extreme cases, undertakings have had to wait for as long \nas ten years before being able to start work. The proposals for Council directives concerning common rules for the internal market in \nelectricity and natural gas (COM(91) 548 final), currently being discussed, introduce the \nprinciple of granting licences for the construction of electricity and natural gas transmission \nnetworks, thereby making it possible to harmonize the conditions applicable to investors, on \nthe basis of objective and non-discriminatory criteria. In addition, a detailed inventory of authorization procedures is being compiled, with a view \nto pinpointing ways of simplifying and speeding up these procedures. The proposal is to \nexamine, on the basis of this inventory and in coordination with the Member States, possible \nways of simplifying and speeding up authorization procedures for projects on trans-European \nnetworks. 14 \n\n\f22. Environmental impact of energy networks \n\nEnvironmental considerations are often the central concern in debates on the acceptability of \nthe siting and impact of projects connected with energy networks. Clarification of the rules \napplied by undertakings in order to mitigate the environmental impact of the projects and of \nthe regulations and standards to be observed by the projects themselves should shorten these \ndebates and thereby simplify the authorization procedures. It will therefore be necessary to collect information on the existing rules and specifications on \nthe environmental impact of energy networks (primarily the very high voltage electricity \nnetworks). Analysis of these data will provide a basis for coordinated action at Community \nlevel to study and, where appropriate, define a common basis for the technical aspects linked \nto environmental protection, applicable to energy networks, within the framework of existing \nCommunity rules (in particular Directive 85/337). 23. Investment in energy transmission infrastructure has to be financed with due regard for the \nrules of the market. Responsibility for the development and financing of energy networks lies \nwith the economic circles concerned. 24. However, in order to speed up completion of the networks, the Community could support the \nefforts made by the Member States to finance projects of common interest identified in the \nCommunity guidelines on trans-European networks. Such support could take three forms: \n\naid for financing feasibility studies; \n\nloan guarantees; \n\ninterest-rate subsidies. 25. In the energy sector, the Community's financial support for specific action on trans-European \nnetworks should provide incentives for carrying out projects of common interest. It should \nconsist principally of promoting the feasibility studies for these projects, where appropriate. In appropriate cases, more substantial support in the form of a loan guarantee or interest-rate \nsubsidy could be considered. This financial support should also provide a stimulus for \ntechnical studies and projects covering the development and management of interconnected \nelectricity and natural gas transmission systems (see point 20). 26. Where necessary, the Community will continue to provide funding for energy projects from \nits aid and loan mechanisms, particularly the Structural Funds (primarily the ERDF), the \ngrowth initiative (European Investment Fund and new lending facility), the European \nInvestment Bank and the financial instruments and programmes set up for the benefit of third \ncountries. These funds, instruments and programmes will likewise take account of the \nguidelines laid down for trans-European energy networks in their criteria for selecting the \nmeasures to receive support, within the terms of their own rules and finalities. 15 \n\n\fExternal aspects \n\n27. These guidelines have been established primarily from the Community's point of view. However, they will have implications beyond the Community, particularly: \n\nrecognition of the interest of a project by the non-Community countries concerned too; \n\nthe possibility of financial support for networks outside the Community; \n\nextension of the concept of guidelines on energy networks to the non-Community \ncountries in Central and Eastern Europe. 28. Accordingly, completion of a project of common interest - for example, construction of a gas \ndelivery pipeline from a source outside the Community - depends on agreement to the work \nby the energy-producing country and any non-Community country or countries crossed. Recognition that a project of common interest identified in the Community guidelines is in the \nmutual interest of the Community and of a non-Community country could be settled where \nappropriate by means of bilateral cooperation, association or other agreements between the \nCommunity and the non-Community country concerned and by the procedures for \nmanagement of such agreements. 29. Another question is the possibility of allocation of die budget resources specifically for \ntrans-European energy networks to parties to projects of common interest identified under the \nCommunity guidelines but sited outside the Community. Given the technical conditions for electricity and natural gas transmission schemes, which \npreclude full use of a line or gas pipeline until completion of the whole link, the Commission \nconsiders that it should be possible to finance parts of projects of common interest outside the \nCommunity: \n\nin every case where the aid takes the form of a contribution towards feasibility studies; \n\nonly if the project is concerned predominantly with supplying the Community, in the \ncase of loan guarantees and interest-rate subsidies. In addition to these possibilities, the Community could participate in the direct co-financing \nof certain investments for infrastructure networks in the countries of Central and Eastern \nEurope, within the limit of 15% of the overall budget for the PHARE programme (see \nConclusions of the Presidency of the Copenhagen European Council, 21-22 June 1993). 30. As the non-Community countries in Central and Eastern Europe have expressed the wish for \nmore effective interconnection with the Community networks and, therefore, need to be \ninterconnected to one another more efficiently too, there will be a growing need for guidelines \non energy networks for this part of Europe too. The Commission will support this action in \nthe framework of the Community programmes in favour of those countries. 16 \n\n\fDefinition of guidelines on trans-European energy networks for Central and Eastern Europe \nwill call for the establishment of a cooperation procedure between the non-Community \ncountries concerned and of concertation arrangements with the Community. The results of the \nstudies conducted under the PHARE programme on electricity and gas interconnections in this \npart of Europe will be able to provide the basis for the establishment of reference guidelines \nfor the development of energy networks in Central and Eastern Europe. IV. IMPLEMENTATION OF THE GUIDELINES ON TRANS-EUROPEAN ENERGY \n\nNETWORKS \n\n31. The proposals for implementation of the Community guidelines on trans-European energy \n\nnetworks are as follows: \n\nthe Commission's tasks will be: \n\nto monitor implementation of the guidelines and submit a regular report on \nimplementation thereof to the Council and the European Parliament; \n\nto update the list of projects of common interest; \n\nto formulate proposals so that projects of common interest situated on the territory \nof third countries may also be considered as of mutual interest by those countries; \n\nto coordinate the activities to create a more favourable technical, administrative \nand legal context; \n\nto adopt the measures granting financial support from the Community to projects \nof common interest, from the financial resources available for the specific \nmeasures on trans-European networks. the Member States will be called upon to give priority to projects of common interest \nand to take all the measures necessary at national, regional and local level to facilitate \ncompletion thereof. 32. For the purpose of implementing the abovementioned tasks, the Commission is to be assisted \nby an advisory committee consisting of experts on trans-European energy networks from the \nMember States, while the task of updating the list of projects of common interest will be \nentrusted to a management committee. This advisory committee will also be the appropriate forum for discussing any matters relating \nto coordination of the Member States' policies with an impact on the development of \ntrans-European energy networks. (4) \n\n17 \n\n\fV. CONCLUSIONS \n\n33. For the foregoing reasons, the Commission hereby submits to the European Parliament and \n\nthe Council the attached two proposals for Decisions: \n\nthe first, on a series of guidelines on trans-European networks in the energy sector, and \n\nthe second, on a series of actions aimed at creating a more favourable context for the \ndevelopment of trans-European networks in the energy sector. These proposals from the Commission respond, for the energy sector at least, to the request \nby the European Council in Copenhagen, which \"invited the Commission and the Council to \ncomplete by early 1994 the network plans in all the relevant sectors (transport, \ntelecommunication and energy). \" \n\n34. These proposals are made on the basis of Articles 129b, 129c and 129d of the Treaty. Article 129d, in particular, provides for different adoption procedures, as regards the role of \nthe European Parliament, according to whether it is a question of guidelines in the sense of \nthe Treaty (co-decision procedure under Article 189b) or other measures (procedure under \nArticle 189c) concerning trans-European energy networks. It is for this reason mat the material \ncovered by this Communication is the subject of two different proposals. It is also necessary to recall that Article 129d also stipulates that \"guidelines and projects of \ncommon interest which relate to the territory of a Member State shall require the approval of \nthe Member State concerned\"; it mus introduces a supplementary condition into the adoption \nprocedure for the first proposal. * * * \n\n18 \n\n\fProposal for a \nEUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND COUNCIL DECISION \n\nlaying down a series of guidelines on trans-European \nenergy networks \n\nTHE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION, \n\nHaving regard to the Treaty establishing the European Community, and in particular the first \nparagraph of Article 129d thereof, \n\nHaving regard to the proposal from the Commission, \n\nHaving regard to the opinion of the Economic and Social Committee(1>, \n\nHaving regard to the opinion of the Committee of the Regions*2*, \n\nWhereas the establishment and development of trans-European networks contribute towards attaining \nmajor objectives of the Community, such as completion of the internal market and the strengthening \nof economic and social cohesion; \n\nWhereas the establishment and development of trans-European energy networks throughout the \nterritory of the Community also have the specific objectives of increasing the reliability and security \nof the Community's energy supplies and of allowing balanced operation of the internal energy \nmarket within the framework of a system which is moving towards open and competitive markets; \n\nWhereas, in order to contribute towards attaining the said objectives, the development of \ninterconnections and of electricity and natural gas transmission networks in the Community must \nbe accelerated, particularly in the regions where improvements to the networks are necessary or in \nregions which are still isolated, and with the non-Community countries in Europe and in the \nMediterranean region; \n\nWhereas action by the Community to establish guidelines on trans-European energy networks is \nnecessary in accordance with the principle of subsidiarity; \n\nWhereas in order to develop these networks on a Community-wide scale, it is necessary to identify \nprojects of common interest and to create a more favourable technical, administrative, legal and \nfinancial context for completion and operation of these networks; \n\n(i) \n\n(2) \n\n19 \n\n\fWhereas the projects of common interest meet the said objectives and priorities; whereas only those \nprojects should be considered which display potential economic viability; whereas, in this context, \nthe concept of viability includes not only the financial profitability of the projects but also other \nconsiderations such as the reliability and security of energy supplies, the strengthening of economic \nand social cohesion and protection of the environment in the Community; \n\nWhereas, for the implementation of this Decision, it is necessary to institute a Committee, \n\nHAVE ADOPTED THIS DECISION: \n\nArticle 1 \n\nThis Decision defines the nature and scope of the action by the Community on guidelines on \ntrans-European energy networks. It establishes a series of guidelines covering the objectives, \npriorities and broad lines of action by the Community on the subject of trans-European energy \nnetworks. It identifies the projects of common interest on the trans-European electricity and natural \ngas networks. Article 2 \n\nThis Decision applies to: \n\n1. in electricity networks: \n\nall lines of 220 kV or more and submarine links, provided this infrastructure is used for \ninterregional or international transmission; \n\nthe systems for operating the abovementioned facilities, i. e. the protection, monitoring \nand control systems, as well as any equipment or installations indispensable for the \nsystem in question to operate properly; \n\n2. in natural gas networks: \n\nhigh-pressure gas pipelines making it possible to supply regions of the Community from \ninternal or external sources; \n\nunderground storage facilities connected to the abovementioned high-pressure gas \npipelines; \n\nthe reception, storage and regasification facilities for liquefied natural gas (LNG); \n\nthe systems for operating the abovementioned facilities, i. e. the protection, monitoring \nand control systems, as well as any equipment or installations indispensable for the \nsystem in question to operate properly. 20 \n\n\fArticle 3 \n\nThe Community shall promote the \ntrans-European energy networks and access to such networks with the objective of: \n\ninterconnection, \n\ninteroperability and development of \n\nallowing effective operation of the internal market in general and of the internal energy market \nin particular; \n\nfacilitating the development and reducing the isolation of the less favoured regions of the \nCommunity, thereby contributing to strengthening economic and social cohesion; \n\nstrengthening the security of the Community's energy supplies, including closer relations with \nnon-Community countries in the energy field. The priorities for the action by the Community on trans-European energy networks shall be as \nfollows: \n\nArticle 4 \n\n1. for electricity networks: \n\nthe connection of isolated electricity networks; \n\nthe development of interconnections between Member States and of internal connections \nin so far as necessary in order to harness these interconnections; \n\nthe development of interconnections with non-Community countries in Europe and the \nMediterranean region which contribute to improving the reliability and security of the \nCommunity's electricity supply networks or to adding to electricity supplies to the \nCommunity; \n\n2. for natural gas networks: \n\nthe introduction of natural gas to new regions; \n\nthe connection of isolated natural gas networks, including the improvements needed to \nthe existing networks for this purpose and the connection of the separate natural gas \nnetworks; \n\nincreasing the transmission (gas delivery pipeline), reception (LNG) and storage \ncapacities needed to satisfy the demand and diversification of supply sources and routes \nfor natural gas. 21 \n\n\fArticle S \n\nThe broad lines of action by the Community on trans-European energy networks shall be: \n\nthe identification of projects of common interest; \n\nthe creation of a more favourable technical, administrative, legal and financial context for \ndevelopment of the networks. Article 6 \n\n1. Any energy network project which satisfies all the following criteria may be of common \n\ninterest: \n\nit falls within the scope of Article 2; \n\nit corresponds to the objectives and priorities set out in Articles 3 and 4 respectively; \n\nit responds to a need and displays potential economic viability to be confirmed. 2. The projects of common interest are those listed in the Annex. 3. Any application by a Member State or the Commission for amending the list of projects of \ncommon interest set out in the Annex shall be decided in accordance with the procedure laid \ndown in Article 7. The criteria set out in paragraph 1 shall apply in deciding the application. A project may not be included in the list unless each Member State to whose territory the \nproject relates has approved its inclusion. 4. Member States shall take all relevant measures at national, regional and local level to facilitate \ncompletion of projects of common interest. In particular the national authorisation procedures \nshall be completed as rapidly as possible. 5. Where parts of projects of common interest are situated on the territory of third countries, the \nCommission is to put forward adequate proposals, where appropriate, within the framework \nof the management of the agreements between the Community and those third countries, for \nthe projects also to be recognized as of common interest reciprocally by the third countries \nconcerned. 6. The evaluation of economic viability referred to in the third indent of paragraph 1 shall be \nbased upon an overall cost-benefit analysis, which shall take account of all benefits such as \nenvironmental aspects, security of supply and the contribution to economic and social \ncohesion. 1. A committee composed of the representatives of the Member States and chaired by the \n\nrepresentative of the Commission is hereby instituted. Article 7 \n\n22 \n\n\fAny application for amendment of the list of projects of common interest made by the \nCommission or a Member State shall be submitted by the Commission to this Committee in \naccordance with the procedure laid down in paragraph 2. 2. The representative of the Commission shall submit to the committee a draft of the measures \nto be taken. The committee shall deliver its opinion on the draft within a time limit which the \nchairman may lay down according to the urgency of the matter. The opinion shall be delivered \nby the majority laid down in Article 148(2) of the Treaty in the case of decisions which the \nCouncil is required to adopt on a proposal from the Commission. The votes of the \nrepresentatives of the Member States within the committee shall be weighted in the manner \nset out in that Article. The chairman shall not vote. The Commission shall adopt measures which shall apply immediately. However, if these \nmeasures are not in accordance with the opinion of the committee, they shall be communicated \nby the Commission to the Council forthwith. In that event, the Commission may defer \napplication of the measures which it has decided for a period of not more than one month \nfrom the date of such communication. The Council, acting by a qualified majority, may take a different decision within the time limit \nreferred to in the previous paragraph. Article 8 \n\nEvery two years the Commission shall submit a report on the implementation of this Decision to \nthe European Parliament, the Council, the Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of \nthe Regions. This Decision shall enter into force on the third day following that of its publication in the Official \nJournal of the European Communities. Article 9 \n\nThis Decision is addressed to the Member States. Article 10 \n\nDone at Brussels, \n\nFor the European Parliament \nThe President \n\nFor the Council \nThe President \n\n23 \n\n\fANNEX \n\nTOANS-EUROPEAN ENERGY NETWORKS \n\nList of projects of common interest \n\nELECTRICITY NETWORKS \n\na. Connection of isolated electricity networks: \n\nal \na2 \na3 \na4 \na5 \na6 \n\nNorthern Ireland - Scotland \nIreland - United Kingdom \nGermany: connections to the eastern Lander \nGreece - Italy \nGreece: connection of Crete \nSpain: connection of the Balearic Islands \n\nb. Improvement of the electrical interconnections between the Member States: \n\nbl \nb2 \nb3 \nb4 \nb5 \nb6 \nb7 \nb8 \nb9 \nblO: Spain \n\nGermany \nGermany \nGermany \nFrance -\nFrance -\nFrance -\nFrance -\nBelgium \nBelgium \n-\n\n- Denmark \n- The Netherlands \n- Belgium \nBelgium \nGermany \nItaly \nSpain \n- The Netherlands \n- Luxembourg \nPortugal \n\nc. Improvement of electricity networks within the Member States associated with improvement \nof the interconnections between the Member States or with mini countries: \n\ncl: United Kingdom: Wales \nc2: Denmark: East-West link \nc3: The Netherlands: North-East zone \nc4: France: North-East zone \nc5: \nc6: Spain: North-South route and along the coasts of the Mediterranean and the Bay of \n\nItaly: North-South and East-West routes \n\nBiscay \n\nc7: Portugal: improvements to the interconnection with Spain \nc8: Greece: East-West route \n\n24 \n\n\fd. Establishment or improvement of electrical interconnections with third countries: \n\nItaly \nItaly \nItaly \n\ndl: Germany - Sweden \nd2: Germany - Poland \nd3: Germany - Norway \nd4: Germany - Austria \n- Switzerland \nd5: \n- Austria \nd6: \nd7: \n- Tunisia \nd8: Greece - Balkan countries \nd9: Greece - Turkey \ndlO: U. K. -Norway \ndl 1: The Netherlands - Norway \ndl2: France - Switzerland \ndl3: Spain \n\n- Morocco \n\nGAS NETWORKS \n\ne. Introduction of natural gas in new regions: \n\nel \ne2 \ne3 \ne4 \ne5 \ne6 \n\nNorthern Ireland \nGermany: eastern Lander \nCorsica and Sardinia \nnew regions \nSpain: \nPortugal: whole country \nGreece: whole country, including Crete \n\nf. Connection of isolated or separate gas networks: \n\nfl \nf2 \nf3 \n\nf4 \nf5 \nf6 \n\nIreland - Northern Ireland \nGreat Britain - the Continent \nGermany - Luxembourg - Belgium: connection of networks to the system of gas \npipelines from Zeebrugge \nGermany: connections to the eastern Lander \nSpain - France \nPortugal - Spain \n\n25 \n\n\fg. Increasing reception and storage capacities for LNG underground storage capacity \n\ngl \ng2 \ng3 \ng4 \ng5 \ng6 \ng7 \ng\u00ab \ng9 \n\nextension and construction of LNG stations \nextension of LNG stations \n\nIreland: construction of an LNG station \nGermany: construction of an LNG station \nFrance: extension of LNG stations \nItaly: \nSpain: \nGermany: creation of underground storage facilities \nFrance: creation of underground storage facilities \nSpain: \ncreation of underground storage facilities \nPortugal: creation of underground storage facilities \n\nh. New gas delivery pipelines \n\nhi \nh2 \nh3 \nh4 \nh5 \nh6 \nh7 \nh8 \nh9 \nhlO \nhll \n\nNorway - Belgium or Netherlands: new project considered \nNorway - Germany (Emden): EUROPIPE project \nNorway - Denmark - Sweden: SCANPIPE project \nAlgeria - Morocco - Spain - France (Toulouse/Fos) \nAlgeria - Tunisia - Italy: increase in capacity \nRussia - Ukraine - EC: upgrading of the existing system of gas pipelines \nRussia - Belarus - Poland - EC \nRussia - Scandinavian countries - EC \nLibya - Italy \nIran - Turkey - EC \nBulgaria - Greece \n\nN. B. : \n\nFor certain gas delivery pipeline projects not yet finalized LNG could be an attractive \nalternative. TECHNICAL COOPERATION \n\ni. Projects to improve technical cooperation on operation of the trans-European electricity \nnetworks and of the interconnected natural gas networks are also considered projects of \ncommon interest. * * # \n\n26 \n\n\fProposal for a \nCOUNCIL DECISION \n\nlaying down a series of measures aimed at creating a more favourable context \nfor the development of trans-European networks in the energy sector \n\nTHE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION, \n\nHaving regard to the Treaty establishing the European Community, and in particular the third \nparagraph of Article 129d thereof, \n\nHaving regard to the proposal from the Commission, \n\nIn cooperation with the European Parliament0*, \n\nHaving regard to the opinion of the Economic and Social Committee*2*, \n\nHaving regard to the opinion of the Committee of the Regions(3), \n\nWhereas the creation of a more favourable context at the technical, administrative, legal and \nfinancial levels for the development of trans-European energy networks is part of the lines of action \nwithin the meaning of Article 129c(l) of the Treaty and provided for in European Parliament and \n1994 [laying down a series of guidelines on trans-European energy \nCouncil Decision. of \nnetworks](4); \n\nWhereas the creation of a more favourable context at the technical, administrative and legal levels \nmust be aimed mainly at providing a stimulus for technical cooperation between the operators of \nthe networks, at simplifying and speeding up the existing authorization procedures for projects on \nthe networks in the Member States in order to reduce delays and at seeking a common approach for \ntechnical aspects applicable to these projects; \n\nWhereas, in order to speed up completion of projects of common interest identified by Decision. [guidelines on trans-European energy networks], it is necessary to provide the Community with the \npossibility of supporting, from the financial resources allocated specifically to trans-European \nnetworks, the financial efforts made by the Member States in favour of such projects, particularly \nin the form of aid for feasibility studies and, where appropriate, loan guarantees or interest-rate \nsubsidies; \n\n0) \n\n(2) \n\n(3) \n\n(4) OJ No L \n\n27 \n\n\fWhereas the other financial instruments at the disposal of the Community, such as the structural \nFunds, the European Investment Fund and the support from the European Investment Bank and \nprogrammes in favour of third countries could make a contribution, in some cases decisive, to the \nrealization of projects of common interest identified by Decision. [guidelines on trans-European \nenergy networks], \n\nHAS ADOPTED THIS DECISION: \n\nArticle 1 \n\nThis Decision lays down the action to be taken with a view to creating a more favourable technical, \nadministrative, legal and financial context for completion of the projects of common interest in \nconnection with trans-European energy networks and for operation of such networks on a \nCommunity-wide scale. 1. In order to contribute to creating a more favourable technical, administrative and legal context \nfor the development of trans-European networks, the Community shall promote: \n\nArticle 2 \n\ntechnical cooperation projects between die operators responsible for the management, \nmonitoring and control of the trans-European networks; \n\ncooperation between Member States with a view to simplifying and speeding up \nauthorization procedures for projects on trans-European energy networks in order to \nreduce delays; \n\nthe definition of a common approach for technical aspects applicable to trans-European \nenergy networks. 2. The Commission shall, in close collaboration with die Member States, take all useful \ninitiatives for promoting the coordination of the activities referred to in paragraph 1. In order to contribute to creating a more favourable financial context for trans-European energy \nnetworks, the Community: \n\nArticle 3 \n\n28 \n\n\f1. may, within the framework of its specific action on trans-European energy networks, provide \n\nfinancial support for projects of common interest financed by Member States: \n\nfor feasibility studies on projects of common interest identified by Decision. [guidelines on trans-European energy networks] and for the implementation stage of \nthese projects, in the form of interest-rate subsidies or loan guarantees; \n\nfor studies and projects aimed at improving technical cooperation on the operation of \ntrans-European networks referred to in die first indent of point 1 of Article 2. The financial support measures taken as part of the specific action on trans-European energy \nnetworks shall be adopted by the Commission in accordance with the procedure provided for \nby Article 4(2) and in accordance with the provisions of the Council Regulation [defining \ngeneral rules for the financing of trans-European networks](5>. 2. shall take account of the projects of common interest identified in Decision. [guidelines on \ntrans-European energy networks] in interventions by its Funds, instruments and financial \nprogrammes applicable to these networks, within the terms of their own rules and finalities. Article 4 \n\n1. In the implementation of the actions referred to in Article 2, the Commission shall be assisted \nby the committee established by Article 7(1) of Decision 94/. /E [guidelines on trans-European \nenergy networks]. The representative of the Commission shall submit to the committee a draft of the measures \nto be taken. The committee shall deliver its opinion on the draft, within a time limit which the \nchairman may lay down according to the urgency of the matter, if necessary by taking a vote. The opinion shall be recorded in the minutes; in addition, each Member State shall have the \nright to ask to have its position recorded in the minutes. The Commission shall take the utmost account of the opinion delivered by the committee. It shall inform the committee of the manner in which its opinion has been taken into account. 2. In the implementation of the actions referred to in point 1 of Article 3, the Commission shall \nbe assisted by the committee established by Article 7(1) of Decision 94/. /E [guidelines on \ntrans-European energy networks] in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 7(2) \nof that Decision. (5) OJ No L \n\n29 \n\n\fArticle 5 \n\nThe amounts to be granted pursuant to this Decision shall be entered annually in the general budget \nof the European Communities. They shall cover the financial support referred to in point 1 of \nArticle 3. Article 6 \n\nEvery two years the Commission shall submit a report on the implementation of this Decision to \nthe European Parliament, the Council, the Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of \nthe Regions. This Decision is addressed to the Member States. Article 7 \n\nDone at Brussels, \n\nFor the Council \nThe President \n\n30 \n\n\fTRANS-EUROPEAN ELECTRICITY \nNETWORKS \n\n- PROJECTS OF COMMON INTEREST -\n\nAs at 15-10-93 \n\n31 \n\n\fMAIN NETWORK FOR ELECTRICITY \nTRANSMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN \nCOUNTRIES \n\n^ \n\n\\> \n\nc=c \n\n\fTRANS-EUROPEAN GAS \nNETWORKS \n\n- PROJECTS OF COMMON INTEREST -\n\nAs at 15. 10. 93 \n\n33 \n\n\fMAIN NETW3RK FOR THE TRANSMISSION OF NATURAL \nGAS OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY AND NEIGH \nBOURING COUNTRIES OF EUROPE AND \nTHE MEDITERRANEAN B A S IN \n\n19 \n\n9 3 \n\n34 \n\n\fFINANCIAL STATEMENT \n\n1. TITLE OF OPERATION: Financial support for trans-European networks \n\n2. BUDGET HEADING INVOLVED: B5-710 - Energy networks \n\n3. LEGAL BASK: \n\nArticles 129b, 129c and 129d of the Treaty establishing the European Community. Proposal for a European Parliament and Council Decision, presented by the Commission \non. , laying down a series of guidelines on trans-European energy networks. Proposal for a Council Decision, presented by the Commission on. , laying down a \nseries of measures aimed at creating a more favourable context for the development of \ntrans-European networks in the energy sector. Council Directive No 90/547/EEC of 29 October 1990 on the transit of electricity \nthrough transmission grids (OJ No L 313/30, 13. 11. 1990). Council Directive No 91/296VEEC of 31 May 1991 on the transit of natural gas through \ngrids (OJ No L 147/37, 12. 6. 1991). Council Resolution of 22 January 1990 concerning trans-European networks \n(OJ No C 27/8, 6. 2. 1990). Proposal for a Council Directive concerning common rules for the internal market in \nelectricity and in natural gas (COM(91) 548 final, 21 February 1992 - OJ No C 65/4, \n14. 3. 1992). Proposal for a Council Regulation introducing a declaration of European interest \n(COM(92) 15, 24 February 1992, as amended by COM(93) 115, 19. 4. 1993). 35 \n\n\f4. DESCRIPTION OF OPERATION \n\n4. 1 Objectives of operation \n\nTo contribute to the establishment and development of trans-European energy networks \nby promoting the interconnection and interoperability of the national networks as well \nas access to such networks. The aim is to facilitate the emergence, development and optimum operation of the \nnatural gas and electricity transmission projects of common interest identified in the \nguidelines on trans-European energy networks. The operation consists of promoting projects on electricity and gas interconnections not \nonly in the Community, particularly in areas where improvements to the networks are \nneeded or which are still isolated, but also with non-Community countries in Europe and \nthe Mediterranean region in order to contribute to attaining the objectives of completing \nthe internal market, strengthening economic and social cohesion and improving the \nsecurity and reliability of the Community's energy supplies. The financial support from the Community will be granted primarily for defining and \nstarting projects of common interest, by promoting feasibility studies on such projects, \nand, where appropriate, offering interest-rate subsidies during me implementation phase. Financial support could also be granted to promote studies to improve technical \ncooperation on operation of the interconnected trans-European electricity and natural gas \nnetworks. 4. 2 Period covered by the operation and method provided for its renewal or continuation. Duration: 1994-1998. The advisability of continuing the operation beyond mis period \nwill be considered on the basis of the results of the evaluation. 5. CLASSIFICATION OF EXPENDITURE OR REVENUE \n\n5. 1 - Non-compulsory expenditure. 52 - Differentiated appropriations. 53 - Type of revenue provided - nil. 6. TYPE OF EXPENDITURE \n\nFinancial contribution (grants) to feasibility studies on projects of common interest. 36 \n\n\fFinancial contribution to studies and projects on technical cooperation, in the form of \ngrants covering up to 50% of the total cost. Interest-rate subsidies for projects of common interest which have demonstrated potential \neconomic viability and possibly the granting of loan guarantees. 7. FINANCIAL IMPACT \n\n7. 1 Method of calculating total cost of operation (definition of unit costs) \n\nThe total investment needed throughout the Community between 1994 and 1999 on the \ntrans-European electricity and natural gas transmission network projects of common \ninterest identified so far will be in the order of ECU 13 billion. Some 70 projects are \nconcerned. One half of these projects could qualify for support for feasibility studies in the period \n1994-1998. These normally cost between ECU 2 and 4 million, depending on the \nproject. Assuming an average Community contribution of 50%, the total budget for part-\nfunding these studies would be in the order of ECU 50 million. Approximately ECU 10 million would be allocated to promoting technical cooperation \nbetween the networks. In the order of ECU 30 million would be earmarked for interest-rate subsidies, which \nwill be granted only to projects with a favourable cost/benefit analysis and for which the \nsubsidy would be a decisive factor in proceeding with the investment considered. By \nway of illustration, a 1% reduction (for example, from 10% to 9%) in the interest rate \non a loan of ECU 1 000 million repayable over 10 years is worth in the order of \nECU 7 million a year. The estimated budget of ECU 30 million would allow interest-\nrate cuts of 1% on loans totalling ECU 1 000 million over 4 years. Consequently, the total cost of the operation would be ECU 90 million, which is \nconsidered the minimum for credible, effective action by the Community. A bigger \nbudget could prove necessaiy from 1999, which would be the subject of evaluation by \nthe Commission in the reports provided for in the draft decisions accompanying this \ncommunication. 37 \n\n\fIn 1994, the first year of the operation, the entire amount requested will be used \nexclusively to promote feasibility studies. In 1995 feasibility studies will still be the \npriority, but a start will also be made on technical cooperation projects. In 1996 interest-\nrate subsidies will be introduced, in addition to the support for feasibility studies and for \ntechnical cooperation. Based on the closest estimates available at the moment, around 40% of the aid should \ngo to the electricity sector and the other 60% to the gas industry. However, the cost-\nbenefit analyses and the accelerator effect of the contributions by the Community will \ndecide the final breakdown of the aid between these two sectors. 7. 2 \n\nItemized breakdown of cost of op\u00e9ration \n\nBREAKDOWN \n\n1993 \nBUDGET \n\n1994 \nDRAFT \nBUDGET \n\nINDICATIVE PLAN \n\n1995 \n\n1996 \n\n1997 \n\n1998 \n\nFeasibility studies \n\n7 \n\n12 \n\n12 \n\n12 \n\nPromotion technical \n\ncooperation \n\nInterest rate \n\nsubsidies \n\n3 \n\n3 \n\n5 \n\nTOTAL \n\n50 \n\n10 \n\n30 \n\n7 \n\n2 \n\n2 \n\n10 \n\n15 \n\nTOTAL \n\np. m. 7 \n\n15 \n\n20 \n\n24 \n\n24 \n\n90 \n\n73 \n\nIndicative schedule of appropriations \n\n1993 \nBudget \n\n1994 \nDraft \nbudget \n\nINDICATIVE PLAN \n\n1995 \n\n1996 \n\n1997 \n\n1998 \n\nmillion ECU \n\nT \n0 \nT \nA \nL \n\np. m. 7 \n\n15 \n\n20 \n\n24 \n\n24 \n\n90 \n\n38 \n\n\f8. FRAUD PREVENTION MEASURES PLANNED \n\n(AND RESULTS OF THEIR \n\nIMPLEMENTATION) \n\nFraud prevention measures (inspections, reporting, etc. ) are included in all the agreements or \ncontracts between the Commission and the parties which it pays. The Commission departments concerned verify the subsidies or receipt of the services, \nfeasibility studies or assessments ordered before payment, taking account of the contractual \nobligations and the principles of economy and sound financial or general management. 9. ELEMENTS OF \u0153ST-EFTHECTIVENESS ANALYSIS \n\n9. 1 Specific and quantifiable objectives, target population \n\nCloser integration of natural gas and electricity transmission infrastructure is one of the \nchief ways of implementing the internal energy market, by improving the flexibility and \nsecurity of the Community's energy supplies and, in the long term, strengthening \neconomic and social cohesion in the Community. In particular, adjustment of electricity and natural gas transmission infrastructure to the \nCommunity dimension is essential for effective implementation of the Council Directive \nof 29 October 1990 on the transit of electricity (OJ No L 313, 13. 11. 1990) and of the \nCouncil Directive of 31 May 1991 on the transit of natural gas (OJNoL 147, \n12. 6. 1991). The greater competition foreshadowed by the proposals for Council Directive concerning \ncommon rules for the internal market in electricity and in natural gas (COM(91) 548 \nfinal, 21 February 1992) will in turn demand an extra effort in the energy infrastructure \nfield to allow these markets to operate properly. Further Community-wide integration of electricity and natural gas transmission \ninfrastructure is also needed to support the growth in transfers of energy to and from \nnon-Community countries. This, in turn, is one of the mainstays of the Community's \nsecurity of supply. It is hard to quantify these factors in a cost-effectiveness analysis. Nevertheless, simply taking account of the Community dimension when managing the \nelectricity system, based on interconnected networks, should allow further savings in \naddition to those already made principally as a result of the transfers provided for by \nbilateral supply contracts. Based on the current configuration of the electricity \ntransmission networks, including the ongoing projects, experts from the electricity \nindustry estimate that these further savings could be worm in the order of ECU 1 billion \nper year, or approximately 3% of electricity generating costs, attributable primarily to the \nreduction in the cost of the primary energy sources burned in power stations. Similar \nsavings could be expected for natural gas. The target population for the operation is the whole of the Community and neighbouring \ncountries involved in interconnection projects. 39 \n\n\f9. 2 Grounds for the operation \n\nTo provide energy networks tailored to the internal energy market and to the needs of \nEuropean industry, encouragement is needed at Community level, together with \ncoordination of the measures taken by the Member States and the private sector. These \nobjectives could not be attained at any alternative level. The Community dimension of the issue makes action by the Community essential to \npromote implementation of projects offering benefits extending beyond the State or \nMember States in which they are carried out. The main spin-offs, beyond completion of the internal energy market, concern the \nsecurity of the Community's supplies in this strategic field and the strengthening of \neconomic and social cohesion, plus the benefits for the Community's external relations \npolicy, particularly vis-\u00e0-vis the countries of Eastern Europe and in the Mediterranean \nregion. The multiplier effects, particularly the ability to mobilize other sources of funding, are \nbeing assessed. However, it is already clear that projects of this type mobilize substantial \npublic and private capital, as proved by the financial mechanisms for the Structural \nFunds, where energy projects have attracted four to five times the Community \ncontribution. 93 Monitoring and evaluation of the operation \n\nThe proposal for a Council Decision on a series of actions aimed at creating a \nmore favourable context for die development of trans-European energy networks \nprovides for the establishment of a committee of representatives of the Member \nStates to assist the Commission with monitoring and assessing those actions. The proposal also provides for the preparation of a report which the Commission \nis to submit to the European Parliament, the Council, the Economic and Social \nCommittee and the Committee for the Regions every two years. 9. 4 Coherence with financial programming \n\nThis operation is incorporated in the DCs financial programming for the relevant years. The objective of the proposed operation fits in with the broader objective of establishing \ntrans-European energy networks. * \n\n* \n\n* \n\n40 \n\n\fISSN 0254-1475 \n\nCOM(93) 685 final \n\nDOCUMENTS \n\nEN \n\n12 \n\nCatalogue number : CB-CO-93-751-EN-C \n\n' t \n\nISBN 92-77-63150-3 \n\nOffice for Official Publications of the European Communities \nLr2985 Luxembourg"}
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+{"cellarURIs": "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/34a85d44-ef3d-4d33-9a61-33714c5317f4", "title": "Proposal for a COUNCIL DECISION concerning a Community loan in favour of the Italian Republic", "langIdentifier": "ENG", "mtypes": "pdf", "workTypes": "http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#act_preparatory,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#proposal_act,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#proposal_decision_ec,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#resource_legal,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#work", "authors": "European Commission", "date": "1993-01-15", "subjects": "Community loan,Italy,balance of payments,currency adjustment,medium-term credit,reflation", "workIds": "celex:51993PC0017,comnat:COM_1993_0017_FIN", "eurovoc_concepts": ["Community loan", "Italy", "balance of payments", "currency adjustment", "medium-term credit", "reflation"], "url": "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/34a85d44-ef3d-4d33-9a61-33714c5317f4", "lang": "eng", "formats": ["pdf"], "text": "COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES \n\nCOM(93) 17 final \n\nBrussels, 15 January 1993 \n\nProposal for a \n\nCOUNCIL DECISION \n\nConcerning a Community loan in favour of the itaiian \nRepub11c \n\n(presented by the Commission) \n\n\f- 1 -\n\nEXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM \n\nApplication by the Italian Government for \na Community balance-of-payments loan \n\n1. The Italian Government (through a letter from Mr Barucci, the \nTreasury Minister, to President Delors on 2 October, 1992) has \napplied for a Community loan of ECU 8 000 million according to \nCouncil Regulation (EEC) N* 1969/88 of 24 June 1988 establishing a \nsingle facility providing medium-term financial assistance for \nMember States' balances of payments. 2. During the period of currency turbulence which preceded the \nrealignment of the Lira within the exchange rate mechanism (ERM) of \nthe European Monetary System and, then, the suspension of Lira \nparticipation in the ERM, there were very substantial capital \noutflows from Italy, a major reduction in official reserves and an \nincrease in official short-term indebtedness. Since September a \nreflow of capital \ninto Italy has allowed only a partial \nreconstitution of the lost reserves. 3. The application for a Community balance-of-payments loan is an \nelement in the Italian Government's strategy to restore credibility \nto its policies and stability to financial markets, thus helping to \nrebuild lost official reserves, prepare for re-entry of the Lira \ninto the ERM and achieve more normal levels of interest rates. The \nkey to credibility will be successful pursuit of budgetary \nadjustment. After many years during which the budget deficit has \nremained above 10% of GDP and the public debt ratio has been \nsteadily rising (to over 100% of GDP), the Italian Government has \nintroduced a large budgetary adjustment package for 1993. This is \nthe first stage in the Italian Government's medium-term adjustment \nprogramme for 1993-95, in which it is planned to halve the total \nbudget deficit and to stabilize the debt ratio by 1995. An \nimportant feature of the 1993 budget is that it starts to tackle in \na durable fashion some of the underlying structural weaknesses of \nthe Italian public finances. 4. The Commission proposes that the conditions attached to the \nCommunity balance-of-payments loan should be designed to reinforce \nthe external disciplines (already coming from market pressures) on \nthe Italian Government to pursue its planned budgetary adjustment \nin 1993 and subsequent years. To this end the granting of the loan \nin a series of tranches is proposed, closely linked to the Italian \nbudgetary timetable and dependent at each stage on the introduction \nof adequate budgetary adjustment measures. 5. The Italian application was discussed by the Monetary Committee on \n14 January 1993; the Committee positively assessed the Italian \nadjustment programme, stressed the need for budgetary targets to be \nrespected, and generally supported the approach to the loan \napplication proposed by the Commission. 6. In view of the above, the Commission proposes to the Council to \nadopt the attached Decision granting a loan of ECU 8 000 million to \nthe Italian Republic. - 1a -\n\nProposal for a \n\nCOUNT-M DECISION \n\n[of \n\n1993] \n\nConcerning a Community loan in favour of the Italian \nRepublie \n\n(93/. /EEC) \n\nTHE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, \n\nHaving regard to the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community, \n\nHaving regard to Council Regulation (EEC) N\" 1969/88 of 24 June 1988 \nestablishing a single facility providing medium-term financial assistance \nfor Member States' balances of payments^1), and in particular Article 1 \nthereof, \n\nHaving regard to the proposal from \nconsultation of the Monetary Committee, \n\nthe Commission, submitted after \n\nWhereas the Italian Republic has appSied for medium-term financial \nassistance to support its balance of payments and its economic programme of \nadjustment and reform-, \n\nWhereas the total \nMember \n(EEC) N- 1969/88; \n\nStates \n\namount outstanding under previous loans \nis \n\nspecified \n\nceiling \n\nwithin \n\nthe \n\ngranted to the \nRegulation \nin \n\nWhereas in addition to the immediate problems in the balance of payments \narising from the substantial capital outflows which occurred during the \nrecent period of currency turbulence, the consequent reduction in official \nreserves and increase in short-term indebtedness, the Italian economy \nexhibits serious structural imbalances, in particular in the public finance \ndomain, affecting the stability of its external position; whereas a balance \nof parents loan disbursed in tranches is Justified while measures of \nconsolidation and adjustment are undertaken; whereas tiio proceeds of the \nioan will be used to strengthen the Italian official reserves; \n\n(1) OJ N* L 178, 8. 7. 1988, p. 1 \n\n\f- 2 -\n\nWhereas it is the intention of the Italian Government to re-enter the \nexchange rate mechanism (ERM) of the European Monetary System; whereas \nmaking such an ERM re-entry sustainable requires the implementation of a \nprogramme which will achieve further progress in reducing inflation and an \nimprovement in the structure of the public finances; whereas such objectives \nof improved convergence with the best-performing Community economies will \nonly be met by a substantial reduction in public sector deficits leading to \na declining trend in the public debt/GDP ratio, by reforms of the \norganisation of the public sector, by a tight monetary policy and by a firm \nexchange rate poi icy; \n\nWhereas the Itaiian Government is pursuing a three-year programme of \nbudgetary adjustment aimed at substantially reducing deficits so that the \npublic debt rati\u00a9 is first stabilized and then put on a downward trend, and \nhas presented this programme on which its application for a loan is based; \nwhereas the Itaiian Government will implement fully its programme of \nbudgetary adjustment and reform over a three-year period from 1993 to 1995 \nso as to achieve the targets and introduce the specific measures indicated \nin its programme agreed as follows: \n\n1. The budgetary targets for 1993, 1994 and 1995 are set in order to achieve \nthe stabilization of the public debt ratio by 1995. On the basis of a \nprojected GDP growth of 1. 5% in 1993, 2. 4% in 1994 and 2. 6% in 1995 they \nare: \n\n- for 1993, LIT 150 trillion for the state sector borrowing requirement, \nwith a surplus for the state sector borrowing requirement net of \ninterest payments (the primary surplus) of LIT 50 trillion; \n\n- for 1994, LIT 125 trillion for the state sector borrowing requirement, \n\nwith a primary surplus of LIT 77 trillion; \n\n- for 1995, LIT 85 trillion for the state sector borrowing requirement, \n\nwith a primary surplus of LIT 115 trillion. 2. If the burden of interest payments in 1994 and 1995 is foreseen to exceed \nthat projected at present by the Italian authorities (LIT 202 trillion in \n1994 and LIT 200 trillion in 1995), the targets for the primary surplus \nwill be revised upwards by the time detailed budget proposals for these \nyears are announced, in order to ensure respect of the targets for the \ntotal borrowing requirement and to stabilize the gross public debt/GDP \nratio by 199. 5. Thereafter the primary surplus will be maintained at a \nsufficiently high level to ensure further reductions in the total deficit \nand a downward trend in the debt ratio. 3. The deficit targets are set in absolute amounts as stated above; on the \nbasis of the latest macro-economic projections made by the Italian \nauthorities they represent: \n\n- for the state sector borrowing requirement, 9,3% of GDP in 1993, 7,3% \n\nin 1994 and 4,7% in 1995; \n\n- for the primary surplus, 3,1% of GDP in 1993, 4,5% in 1994 and 6,4% in \n\n1995; \n\n\f- 3 -\n\nThe corresponding development of the state sector gross debt/GDP ratio is \n110. 6% at end 1993, 112. 5% at end 1994 and 112. 4% at end 1995. 4. The programme of privatization of state-owned assets to be pursued by the \nItalian authorities is intended to provide net proceeds to the state \nsector accounts of LIT 7 trillion in 1993, LIT 15 trillion in 1994 and \nLIT 12 trillion in 1995. Within the framework of legislation already \npassed, the Italian Government will publish a list of public sector \nenterprises and other state-owned assets to be privatized together with \nan indicative timetable for these sales. Any state sector privatization \nreceipts in excess of those currently planned will be used to increase \nthe state sector primary surplus and hence to reduce the debt ratio, and \nwill not be used to substitute for other necessary adjustments of \nexpenditure and revenue. 5. Within the framework of the enabling legislation already enacted, the \nItalian Government will continue implementation of detailed measures of \nstructural reform in the areas of (i) health care, with the aim of \nreducing inefficiencies and containing expenditure, also by rendering the \nregional level of government fully responsible for expenditure overruns \nincurred in the operations of the decentralized National Health Service; \n(ii) civil service, in order to improve the control on expenditure for \ncompensation of employees and the efficiency and productivity of public \nadministration, also by having recourse to extended mobility of personnel \nand increasing managerial responsibility; (iii) pensions, with the \nobjective of stabilizing pension expenditure relative to GDP, also by \nraising the retirement age, harmonizing pension schemes and limiting \nindexation to the protection of purchasing power; and (iv) local finance, \nin order to decrease the dependence of local authorities on transfers \nfrom the central government, also by introducing new forms of local \ntaxation. Whereas it is also the intention of the Italian authorities to continue the \npursuit of policies in the monetary sphere and in the field of incomes \nconducive to reducing the rate of inflation, in particular: \n\n- Geared to the primary objective of containing inflationary pressures, the \ngrowth of M2 in 1993 will be in the range of 5-7%, which is consistent \nwith the 1993 projections for nominal GDP growth. In conjunction with \nthis objective, the Banca d'Italia will closely monitor the growth rate \nof domestic credit consistent with the objectives for the rate of \ninflation and expansion of M2. In 1994 and 1995, monetary targets and \nout-turns should continue to be in line with the decline in inflation \nprojected in the Italian Government's budgetary adjustment three-year \nprogramme. It is the intention of the Italian Government to introduce \nlegislation designed to abolish the legal possibility of monetary \nfinancing by the end of 1993, anticipating the objective of Article 104 \nof the Treaty on European Union. 4 -\n\n- The Italian Government will seek to secure wage moderation throughout the \neconomy by building on the July 1992 agreement between the Government, \nthe trade unions and the industrial employers' association on the reform \nof the wage-setting mechanism and by maintaining the planned wage \nrestraint in the public sector. Whereas it is agreed that in the implementation of this Decision the Italian \nauthorities will consult closely with the Commission and will make available \nall the necessary information for a full and effective monitoring of the \nagreed programme of adjustment; whereas, In accordance with this Decision, \ndevelopments in the Italian economy and in Italian economic policy will be \nreviewed twice a year in the framework of multilateral surveillance or more \nfrequently if warranted, \n\nHAS ADOPTED THIS DECISION: \n\nArticle 1 \n\nRegulation \nThe Community \n(EEC) No. 1969/88 a loan of ECU 8 000 million or the equivalent amount in \nother currencies. Republic \n\nItalian \n\nunder \n\nshall \n\ngrant \n\nthe \n\nArticle 2 \n\nThe loan shall be made available to the Italian Republic in four \ninstalments. The average life of each instalment shall not exceed six years. The first two instalments shall be made as follows : \n\n- the first instalment amounting to ECU 2 000 million or the equivalent \n\nin other currencies not earlier than 1 February 1993; \n\n- the second instalment amounting to ECU 2 000 million or the equivalent \namount \nthan \nin other currencies to be released not earlier \n1 July 1993, and in any case after the Commission, in consultation \nwith the Council and in the light of an examination made in \ncollaboration with the Monetary Committee of the progress in the \nexecution of the programme, is satisfied that any additional measures \nwhich may, Jbe necessary have already been taken and that the budgetary \ntargets of the programme for 1993, after taking into account weaker \neconomic growth or higher interest rates than projected, are likely to \nbe achieved. The third and fourth instalments shall be made as follows : \n\n- Before 30 September 1993, the Italian Government, in collaboration \nwith the Commission, will reassess the budgetary targets for 1994 so \nas to achieve the key objectives of the medium-term programme and in \nthe light of actual and prospective macroeeonomic developments. The \nthird instalment amounting to ECU 2 000 million or the equivalent \namount in other currencies will be released not earlier than \n1 February 1994 and in any case only after the Commission, in \n\n\f- 5 -\n\nconsultation with the Council and in the light of an examination made \nin collaboration with the Monetary Committee, is satisfied that the \nmeasures necessary to achieve the budgetary targets set for 1994 have \nbeen implemented. Before 30 September 1994, the Itaiian Government, in collaboration \nwith the Commission, will reassess the budgetary targets for 1995 so \nas to achieve the key objectives of the medium-term programme and in \nthe light of actual and prospective macroeconomic developments. The \nfourth Instalment amounting to ECU 2 000 million or the equivalent \namount \nin other currencies will be released not earlier than \n1 February 1995 and in any case only after the Commission, in \nconsultation with the Council and in the light of an examination made \nin collaboration with the Monetary Committee, is satisfied that the \nmeasures necessary to achieve the budgetary targets set for 1995 have \nbeen implemented. Article 3 \n\n1. The loan shall be granted on the basis of the decision taken by the \nitaiian Republic to implement the budgetary adjustment and reform \nprogramme which it has presented, the objectives of which are set out in \nthe recitals to this Decision. 2. The Commission, in collaboration with the Monetary Committee, shall \nexamine at regular intervals the evolution of the economic situation of \nItaly and the execution of the budgetary adjustment and reform programme, \nas implemented. These examinations will continue until the loan is fully \nrepaid. This Decision is addressed to the Italian Republic. Article 4 \n\nDone at Brussels, \n\nFor the CounciI \nThe President \n\n\f\fISSN 0254-1475 \n\nCOM (93) 17 final \n\nDOCUMENTS \n\nEN \n\noi \n\nCatalogue number : CB-CO-93-021-EN-C \n\nISBN 92-77-52130-9 \n\nOffice for Official Publications of the European Communities \nL-2985 Luxembourg"}
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+{"cellarURIs": "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/29b983cd-debc-48f3-8b30-3ea64cc9876b", "title": "Proposal for a Council Decision on a multiannual programme (1993 to 1996) of Community measures to intensify the priority areas of policy for enterprise, in particular small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), in the Community", "langIdentifier": "ENG", "mtypes": "pdf,pdfa1b,print", "workTypes": "http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#act_preparatory,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#proposal_act,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#proposal_other,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#resource_legal,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#work", "authors": "European Commission", "date": "1993-01-13", "subjects": "EU programme,aid to undertakings,business policy,reflation,small and medium-sized enterprises", "workIds": "celex:51992PC0470(01),comnat:COM_1992_0470(01)_FIN,oj:JOC_1993_030_R_0008_01", "eurovoc_concepts": ["EU programme", "aid to undertakings", "business policy", "reflation", "small and medium-sized enterprises"], "url": "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/29b983cd-debc-48f3-8b30-3ea64cc9876b", "lang": "eng", "formats": ["pdf", "pdfa1b", "print"], "text": "COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN C\u0152fYlUNITIES \n\nCOM(92) 470 final \n\nBrussels, 13 January 1993 \n\nTHE ENTERPRISE DIMENSION \n\nESSENTIAL TO COMMUNITY GROWTH \n\nCommunity measures to intensify and to ensure the \ncontinuity of a policy for enterprise, in particular SMEs, in \nthe Community \n\nPROPOSAL FOR A \n\nCOUNCIL DECISION \n\non a multiannual programme (1993-96) of Community measures to intensify \nthe priority areas of policy for enterprise, in particular SMEs, in the \nCommunity \n\n(presented. by the Commission) \n\nPROPOSAL FOR A \nCOUNCIL DECISION \n\non a multiannual programme (1994-97) of Community measures to ensure the \ncontinuity of policy for enterprise, in particular SMEs, in the Community \n\n(presented by the Commission) \n\n94 \n\nt \n\nAH \n\n\fTHE ENTERPRISE DIMENSION ESSENTIAL TO \nCOMMUNITY GROWTH \n\nEXPLORATORY MEMORANDUM \n\nINTENSIFICATION OF PRIORITY ENTERPRISE \nPOLICY MEASURES IN ORDER TO STIMULATE \nGROWTH IN THE COMMUNITY \n\nI. OBTECTIVES \n\nII. PRIORITY AREAS FOR INTENSIFICATION \n\nA) \n\nB) \n\nC) \n\nDEVELOPMENT OF EURO-INFO-CENTRES TO \nFACILITATE \nCOMMUNITY \nINFORMATION \n\nACCESS \n\nTO \n\nDEVELOPMENT OF NON-CONFIDENTIAL AND \nCONFIDENTIAL PARTNER-SEARCH NETWORKS -\nBRE and BC-NET \n\nSTEPPING UP ACTIVITIES TO PUT BUSINESSMEN \nIN DIRECT CONTACT WITH ONE ANOTHER \nAND \nUNDER \nINTERPRISE PROGRAMME AND PROMOTING \nCROSS-BORDER SUBCONTRACTING \n\nEUROPARTENARIAT \n\nTHE \n\nD) \n\nIMPROVING THE ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL \nENVIRONMENT OF ENTERPRISES \n\nE) \n\nPROMOTING COMMUNITY INSTRUMENTS \n\nIII. CONCLUSION \n\n\fENSURING THE CONTINUITY OF A POLICY FOR \nENTERPRISE, IN PARTICULAR SMEs, IN THE \nCOMMUNITY \n\nI. OBJECTIVES \n\nII. MEASURES TO ENSURE THE CONTINUITY OF \n\nENTERPRISE POLICY \n\nA) \n\nMEASURES AIMED MORE PARTICULARLY AT \nAREAS UNDER DEVELOPMENT \n\nSmall firms and craft businesses \nThe distributive sector \nCooperatives, mutual \nassociations and foundations \n\nsocieties, \n\nnon-profit \n\nB) \n\nC) \n\nENCOURAGING AN \nENVIRONMENT \n\nIMPROVED \n\nFINANCIAL \n\nOBSERVATION AND EVALUATION OF THE \nPOLICY \n\nEuropean SME observatory \nImproving statistics on SMEs \nEvaluation of existing policy and measures \n\nIII. CONCLUSION \n\nPROPOSALS FOR DECISIONS \n\n1. Proposal for a Council Decision on a multiannual \nto \nprogramme \nintensify the priority areas of policy for enterprise, in \nparticular SMEs, in the Community \n\n(1993-96) of Community measures \n\n2. Proposal for a Council Decision on a multiannual \nto \nin \n\n(1994-97) of Community measures \nthe continuity of policy for enterprise, \n\nprogramme \nensure \nparticular SMEs, in the Community \n\n\fEXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM \n\nIn Edinburgh on 11-12 December 1992, the European Council, endorsing the \nguidelines put forward by the Commission, agreed action on a wide scale to \nsupport growth in the Community. The Declaration on Promoting Economic Recovery in Europe (1) states that: \n\"Recognizing the importance of SMEs for creating employment and stimulating \ngrowth, the European Council called upon the Council and the Commission to \nensure that the burdens from Community legislation on small and medium-\nsized enterprises are reduced (including through the use of simplified \nschemes and exemption limits in the field of indirect taxation) and that full \ninformation about Community support is provided to SMEs. It asked the \nCommission to accelerate the actions in favour of SMEs which have proven \ntheir worth at the Community level\". SMEs account for a major share of GDP, employment and regional \ndevelopment in the Community, and thus make a significant contribution to its \neconomy (2). The current crisis of confidence and the economic difficulties now afflicting \nCommunity action (3) nevertheless underline the soundness of the analysis \nunderlying the launch of an enterprise policy, and also of the measures taken \nsince. The need to intensify and continue the policy has now been recognized \nand a priority part of it has been made central to the recovery and expansion \nof the Community economy. In this context, in order to restore the confidence of businessmen and hence \nstimulate their involvement in the economic process, it is essential to maintain \nthe indivisibility of the enterprise policy framework. The objective of reviving \ngrowth justifies anticipating and increasing the Community's effort with regard \nto priority measures capable of mobilizing enterprises to achieve the recovery \nobjective. (1) European Council, Edinburgh, 11-12 December 1992, Conclusions of the Presidency, \n\nAnnex 4 to part A, point 8 \n\n(2) According to the second Commission report \"Enterprises in Europe\", of the 11. 6 million \nenterprises surveyed in 1988, 96. 3% had less than 20 employees, 3. 4% between 20 and 200 \nemployees and less than 0. 2% had between 200 and 500 employees, accounting overall for \n70. 2% of employment in the EEC; the proportion varies across the different regions of the \nCommunity. ISBN-92826-4609-2. (3) There has been a marked deterioration in short-term economic prospects. The lowering of \ngrowth forecasts in relation to those made in spring 1992 (1% growth now probable in \n1993 as against 1. 7% previously) is an indication of a worsening in the economic situation \neven greater than expected (the threshold of 10% unemployment will probably be passed), \nwith a longer timescale for recovery. This latter may be due to a number of factors, in \nparticular the loss of competitiveness of some products on external markets due to the \nappreciation of certain currencies and especially, according to periodic surveys, a marked \ncrisis in consumer and business confidence. - 2-\n\nTo mobilize businessmen in the short term, it is essential to hold up the long \nterm prospects which the Community intends to provide in support of the \nsteady expansion of enterprises, and in particular of SMEs. The need for \nlonger-term action is the reason why a proposal for a decision has been put \nforward which identifies the instruments and areas which will ensure the \ncontinuity of enterprise policy. The co-existence within the unitary framework of enterprise policy of two \nproposals for decisions, each with its own value added, should make it \npossible to optimize the macro- and micro economic effects of the enterprise \ndimension. A degree of balance between these two aspects of enterprise policy is necessary \nto ensure that action to restore business confidence in a depressed economy \ndoes not jeopardize the credibility of Community action by neglecting the need \nto tackle long-term structural change. This programme in favour of enterprises therefore seeks to reinforce \nimmediately those areas for priority action which could provide an immediate \nresponse to the needs for enterprises to adapt in a period of uncertainty. It will \nalso have to ensure the continuity of supporting measures, whether of a \ngeneral nature or in favour of specific categories of enterprises, in order to \navoid merely shifting in time or from one business category to another the \ntendency \ntowards negative expectations whose effect on economic \ndevelopment is clearly seen today. The general economic situation calls for a special effort where enterprises are \nconcerned, which must supplement the substantial activity carried out in their \nregard for several years, designed to ensure the thorough involvement of \nenterprises, especially small and medium-sized ones, in a Community \neconomy and society in full evolution. - 3-\n\nINTENSIFICATION OF PRIORITY ENTERPRISE POLICY MEASURES IN \nORDER TO STIMULATE GROWTH IN THE COMMUNITY \n(1993-1996) \n\n\fINTENSIFICATION OF PRIORITY ENTERPRISE POLICY MEASURES IN \nORDER TO STIMULATE GROWTH IN THE COMMUNITY \n\nI. OBJECTIVES \n\nIn order to ensure that Community enterprise policy involves a significant \nvalue added element and enables it to contribute to economic revival, the \nactions most closely geared to the situation of enterprises must be greatly \ndeveloped and the interaction of instruments intensified. A major objective is to allow enterprises - beyond the necessary structural \nchanges and greater competition - to seize the opportunities provided by the \nnew dimension of the internal market. In the context of the Europeanisation of enterprises, the direct effect of \nstrengthening instruments is therefore a crucial factor for growth. It must be \nbased both on the information and cooperation networks set up and on the \npromotion of existing Community instruments, particularly the strengthening \nof technological potential, and must also promote the adaptation of the \nadministrative and legal environment to the development of business initiative. As part of increasing internationalization, as regards both business strategy and \nthe growing importance of partnership in industrial and technical cooperation, \nfull account should be taken of the importance of external relations with non-\nCommunity countries as markets are rapidly opening up. Networks and instruments should thus continue to be expanded to non-\nCommunity countries, in line with the priorities of external affairs and \ndevelopment policy. The aim is the mutual one of creating the best possible \nconditions for contact between Community and third-country businesses, on \nthe basis of know-how already tested at Community level, provided the proper \nfunctioning of instruments is not thereby jeopardized. Against this background, the instruments and measures developed to help \nSMEs should be directed, by way of priority, at the new European Economic \nArea, bringing in the EFTA countries, and also the countries of eastern and \ncentral Europe. Measures should be developed in complementarity with those \nprovided for in the Community's various trade and development agreements, \nand in other assistance and cooperation programmes. The selection of the priority areas of enterprise policy to be reinforced with a \nview to economic recovery takes into consideration the results of the \nevaluation of the 1990-93 programme being carried out pursuant to Decision \n91/319/EEC (4). The evaluation recognized the soundness of the measures \nand their capacity to fulfil the tasks set for them, especially their relay effect in \ngetting Community objectives across to firms. This why it has been decided \nthat the priority areas advanced are those best able, once the resources at their \ndisposal are increased, to sustain a process of reviving enterprises' activity. (4) Comments by the Commission on the Deloitte & Touche Report on the evaluation of the \n\nCommunity's enterprise policy, SEC(92) 1999 of 11 november 1992. - 5-\n\nII. PRIORITY AREAS FOR INTENSIFICATION \n\nA) \n\nDEVELOPMENT OF EURO-INFO-CENTRES TO FACILITATE ACCESS \nTO COMMUNITY INFORMATION \n\nInformation is one of the main factors contributing to the development \n1. and EuropeanLzation of businesses, and the Commission will endeavour to \nachieve maximum synergy between all \nintermediaries \navailable to businesses. information \n\nthe \n\nThe main priority is therefore given to reinforcing and developing \nEuro Info Centres (EIC) network. the \n\nTailored to the needs of businesses, the Euro Info Centres network plays a \ndual role, both upstream and downstream of the Commission administration: \n\ndownstream, by disseminating \naffairs \nextremely widely through the many relay points branching out from the \n210 EICs; \n\ninformation on Community \n\nupstream, by stimulating highly valuable feedback on \neconomic climate in which businesses are operating. the \n\nregional \n\nThis information is available to all members of the network and will become \nincreasingly important as the different regions take a greater share of the trade \ngenerated by completion of the internal market. Certain specializations, duly identified and encouraged by the networks's \ncentral unit, help to increase the added value of the network as a whole \nthrough the dissemination of increasingly operational information and the \npreparation of integrated information packages. The EICs also provide practical information and assistance for firms wishing \ndirectly to exploit the opportunities offered by Community programmes and \nincreasingly open public procurement. The EIC network thus emerges as a highly effective diversified, multifunctional \nCommunity instrument- with a high added value - providing enterprises with \nsmall-business organizations, whose \ninformation \nEuropean activities it helps to stimulate. through decentralized \n\nIn view of the foregoing, both the structure of the network and the nature \n2. of the information provided need to be adjusted in a climate of broad dialogue \nwhich must enable businessmen to establish strategies quickly in connection \nwith the effective functioning of the large single market. With this in mind, the following matters will be proposed: \n\nadjusting the composition of the network so as to take greater account of \nexisting specialized networks (specializing by size of business -craft \nindustry - or by sector) and granting further requests to join the network \nfrom decentralized relays currently operating as subnetworks; \n\nsetting up new correspondence centres outside the Community, to take \ninto account the needs of firms wishing to internationalize their \noperations; \n\nspeeding up the process of making available reliable information targeted \nto their real needs of businesses in the context of the single market, in \nparticular in the form of integrated information products, of the database \ntype; \n\nas part of the financing of EICs, partial Commission funding of \ndecentralized promotion work and database consultation to boost network \neffectiveness; the latter financing formula would replace the arrangement \nwhereby free access is granted to Community databases only, a system \nwhich is to be phased out. The Commission's contribution would be \nconditional on the EICs achieving precise objectives, especially in \npenetration local business life. B) \n\nDEVELOPMENT OF NON-CONFIDENTIAL AND CONFIDENTIAL \nPARTNER-SEARCH NETWORKS - BRE and BC-NET \n\n3. The strategy of joint development of the two partner-search instruments \n(BRE and BC-NET) will take account of the different aspects of the quality-\nimproving approach supported by the Council from 1991, when it revised \nDecision 89/490/EEC, and of more recent factors resulting from the internal \nand external evaluation of the measures in this field: \n\nawareness measures and training for the business advisers belonging to \nthese two networks will reflect the observed evolution towards greater \ninterest in technological, financial and marketing cooperation; \n\ncooperation between the partner-search instruments (BRE and BC-NET) \nand other decentralized networks will be encouraged making it possible to \nprovide a service closer to enterprises'needs: e. g. the BRE and BC-NET \nnetworks could flank initiatives of the Interprise type upstream and \ndownstream; the networks will also seek appropriate forms of cooperation \nwith business organizations, chambers of commerce and industry and \nchambers of trade so as to increase the network effect of the instruments \nand make them more effective. - 7-\n\n4. The BUSINESS COOPERATION CENTRE \nin non-confidential \nsearches for business partners and enables firms to be approached direct via \nthe network of local correspondents in all Member States and in certain third \ncountries. (BRE) specializes \n\nThe development of the BRE will be continued in accordance with the \napproach of recent years, in particular: \n\nBRE's scope will be extended by increasing the number of correspondents \ninside and outside the Community; \n\nthe quality of service will be improved by increasing the professionalism of \nthe network correspondents; \n\nthe intensification of cooperation between members of the network will be \nsupported. The BRE network should also remain a simple and flexible system to use, since \nthese are extremely important factors in making it accessible to the greatest \nnumber and in winning the esteem of correspondents and businesses alike. Thus, a number of operational improvements will be made: \n\nto identify more clearly the types of cooperation sought and the aims \npursued, such as the gradual merger of EIC Conferences with the BRE \n\nto improve the instrument itself, notably by shortening file processing \ntimes in the central unit for managing the network. 5. BUSINESS COOPERATION NETWORK (BC-NET), a large network specializing in \nconfidential searches for business partners, will step up the drive for quality \nand productivity by focusing on the following points: \n\nproviding stronger support for network members, in terms of training and \ncomputerization in particular, so that business advisers are able to give \npriority to the preliminary information-gathering phase and facilitate \ncontacts between potential partners by giving businessmen an insight into \nnew market opportunities; \n\nstepping up monitoring activities on the basis of regular reporting so that \nresults can be assessed more closely in terms of agreements concluded \nand the necessary adjustments can be made to the nomenclatures, the \ncomputer system and the management of subnetworks; \n\nintroducing and gradually adjusting charges for the service to help not \nonly to reduce public expenditure, but also to help raise the quality of the \nservice by making the network more homogeneous \nin terms of its \npreparation and follow-up capacity; after an initial phase in which a charge \nwould be made for each cooperation profile, the possibility will be \ndiscussed with the advisers of changing over to a system of flat-rate annual \ncharges, in the light of market conditions; \n\nin \nthe development of synergies with other Community measures, \nimprovement of \nthose already begun on \nparticular following \ncooperation \nfield of human resources and research and \nthe \ndevelopment - especially the better use of research results, and in close \nconnection with other Community programmes, such as those for the \nfinancing of SMEs and public procurement. the \n\nin \n\n\f-8 \n\nC) \n\nSTEPPING UP ACTIVITIES TO PUT BUSINESSMEN IN DIRECT \nCONTACT WITH ONE ANOTHER UNDER THE EUROPARTENARIAT \nAND INTERPRISE PROGRAMME AND PROMOTING CROSS-BORDER \nSUBCONTRACTING \n\n6. The EURQPARTENARIAT programme will continue to pursue the twin \nobjectives of business expansion and regional development. On the basis of the results of the internal evaluation currently being carried \nout, the Commission will endeavour to promote better preparation of \nenterprises and better follow-up of results in cooperation with national bodies. An effort will be made to ensure the balanced participation of firms in the \nCommunity, in neighbouring European countries and in the Mediterranean \ncountries. The structural impact of the events will be stepped up and special attention \npaid to the existence in the region concerned of organizations that can provide \nfollow-up. Europartenariats have so far chiefly concerned Objective 1 regions and this \npriority will be maintained. It will, however, be necessary to see that they are \nextended to the Objective 2 and 5(b) regions. INTERPRISE programme has also attracted strong support \n\n7. The \nfrom \nbusinesses, public bodies, trade associations and chambers of commerce, \ntrade, etc. Support should continue to be given to sectoral or intersectoral meetings of \nthis type and in particular to schemes promoting cooperation within and \nbeyond the Community on priority topics such as the process of privatization, \nin which the position and role of SMEs should be strengthened. Furthermore, to ensure interaction between programmes, Interprise meetings \ncould follow Europartenariats reasonably closely, in order to benefit from all \nthe contacts initiated during the main event, in close coordination with other \nexisting instruments (technology transfer days and investment forums - Sprint). 8. Efforts to build up PARTNERSHIP WITH BUSINESSES OUTSIDE THE COMMUNITY follow a \nsimilar approach to the one for those within it. Since the aim is to encourage businesses in Member States and third countries \nto cooperate, the necessary finance will be drawn mainly from programmes \ndeveloped as part of the Community's external relations policy. An initial project of this type has been run with Tunisia and has confirmed the \nsoundness of the approach. On this basis, a multiannual pilot programme \n(Med Invest) is being prepared for the Mediterranean countries. Against such a background, the Interprise programme should continue to be \nopened up \nits \nEuropeanization and internationalization objectives. in conjunction with \n\nthird countries \n\nto businesses \n\nin \n\n\f- 9-\n\n9. In CROSS-BORDER SUBCONTRACTING, account has to be taken of the rapid and \nfar-reaching changes that are affecting the sectors concerned. The \"total quality\" approach is now a key factor in competitiveness, which \ndepends not only on product quality but also on management principles \ndesigned to reduce malfunctions in the production process. Clearly, the \nrequisite standard of quality must be achieved by all the links in the chain. Consequently, many main contractors are now \ncooperation \nagreements with subcontractors in order to bring them up to the same \nstandard of quality. Stocks having been reduced through just-in-time delivery, \nmanagement is now being taken into account as a factor contributing to \ncompetitiveness. signing \n\nThese trends call for action to stimulate partnership on a longer-term basis \nbetween large firms and SMEs in order to guarantee product and service \nquality over time. In this context, Community action should continue to facilitate the emergence \nof a European market in subcontracting by: \n\nimproving knowledge of the legal situation and economic importance of \nsubcontracting, even in sectors that are still fairly effectively walled off; \n\npromoting the harmonization of auditing and certification procedures with \na view to arriving at comparable quality standards enabling mutual \nrecognition agreements to be concluded; in general, such action should \ngive preference to mutual recognition agreements entered into on a \nvoluntary basis; \n\ncreating a genuine Europe-wide subcontracting network will facilitate \ncross-border contacts and exchanges of experience between \ntrade \nassociations; this is especially important for the competitiveness of the \nEuropean economy, particularly in such key sectors as motor vehicles and \nelectronics, for which pilot projects will be proposed to speed up the \nadjustment process. 10. Measures to stimulate and back up cooperation between businesses will \nalso be maintained. This is because, although a large number of Community \nfirms already generate a proportion of their turnover outside their home \ncountry, notable differences do exist between sectors and regions in the \nCommunity. It is therefore essential to bear these sectoral and geographical \nfactors in mind when adapting and diversifying the action to be taken, so as to \nstimulate the sectors in greatest need and thus contribute to efforts to boost \nactivity. Likewise, there is no doubt that a firm's size is a factor in determining whether \nit is able to engage in cross-border cooperation and whether it stands to \nbenefit. Special attention should therefore be devoted to the difficult situation \nof small firms and craft businesses as part of the single approach to enterprise \npolicy. - 10 \n\nD) \n\nIMPROVING THE ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL ENVIRONMENT OF \nENTERPRISES \n\n11. Given the likely acceleration in the completion of the internal market, a \nfavourable business environment is increasingly important, especially for \nSMEs, and will require increased Community action. The new business environment will \nimpose new responsibilities on \nCommunity institutions and national authorities as regards transparency, \nsupervision and partnership. In March 1992 the Commission set up a group to \nlook at these problems and make proposals to the Commission. The group's report (5) was received on 27 October and the Commission has \nformulated an initial response \nin \nEdinburgh. This will form the background for the Commission's proposals to \nmake the Community business environment simpler and more transparent. (6) ahead of the European Council \n\n12. With this in mind, the Commission has already published two reports on \nadministrative simplification to help businesses, and especially SMEs, in the \nCommunity (7). In view of the conclusions of the second report, it intends, in \ncollaboration with the Member States, to increase the future impact of this \nwork by wider circulation of the information gathered and by encouraging \nfollow-up measures in the Member States. Joint studies bringing together the \nMember States and the Commission should enable progress to be made in \nperfecting existing simplification techniques, e. g. in terms of cost-benefit \nanalysis. It is also important to ensure that all decision-makers are more aware of the \nobjectives and techniques of simplification. The Member States should \ntherefore be working towards the same goal as the Commission, as suggested \nby Council Resolution of 24 November 1992 (8). 13. The incorporation into the Community's decision-making process of a \nphase of assessment of the impact on enterprises of proposed measures must \nremain a key element of the Community mechanism for improving the \nbusiness environment. Impact assessment, based on the assessment form, will \nrequire improvement along the lines indicated in the second report on \nadministrative simplification recently adopted by the Commission. The impact assessment system is still relatively new and a considerable amount \nof Community legislation predates it. The Commission has stated that, in the \npreamble to future proposals for legislation, it will set out the reasons for the \nlegislation it is putting forward in the light of the principle of subsidiarity. It \nwill also be re-examining some Community rules so as to bring them into line \nwith that principle. The Member States too might undertake action along the \nsame lines at national, regional and local level. (5) The Internal Market After 1992: Meeting the Challenge, SEC(92) 2044, 29 October 1992. (6) SEC(92) 2277, 26 November 1992. (7) SEC(89) 726, 19 June 1989 and SEC(92) 1867, 27 October 1992. (8) Council Resolution on administrative simplification, yet to be published in the Official \n\nJournal. - 1 1-\n\nThis exercise should cover not only Community legislation proper, but also a \nnumber of procedures associated with Community measures, such as \nformalities to be complied with. The task will be to collect information on the \nimpact on enterprises of existing Community legislation in the light of the \nexperience gained when it was implemented and, where necessary, to make \nproposals for reducing the administrative burden (9). 14. Finally, greater efforts will have to be made to coordinate activities under \nthe Community's enterprise policy and the various Community programmes \nwhich could benefit SMEs, without jeopardizing the objectives of each of the \npolicies concerned. This should be accompanied by a strengthening of cooperation with the \nMember States as regards all the initiatives pursued in addition to those \nexisting in some Member States or which are likely to be taken up by public or \nprivate intermediaries. Priority should also be given to intensifying and improving the quality of \nconsultations organized with the trade bodies concerned. Regular meetings \nwill be organized in future and will, as far as possible, involve other \nCommission departments; this forum should put greater weight on dialogue \nand conciliation so that, on the one hand, die measures envisaged by the \nCommission can be made known and, on the other, information can be \nobtained in return concerning the entrepreneurial sensibilities which should \nbe taken into account at Community level. To this end, certain initiatives already in progress could be maintained with a \nview to the increased Europeanization of businesses. Support could be given, \nfor example, to improving the representation of SMEs at European level to \nfacilitate relations with European standardization bodies. 15. In future, increasing attention will have to be paid to the practical obstacles \nSMEs still have to cope with, if they are to make the most of the single internal \nmarket. For example, the increase in cross-border trade will inevitably lead to \na proliferation of litigation between nationals of different Member States. Here \nit might be useful, in line with the report on \"The internal market after 1992: \nmeeting the challenge\" (10), to think in depth about how to help simplify the \nformalities governing the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of \narbitration awards. E) \n\nPROMOTING COMMUNITY INSTRUMENTS \n\n16. Businesses are faced with a new rules stemming in particular from the \nchange in the regulatory environment alongside the creation of the single \nmarket. (9) SEC(92)1867, 27 October 1992. (10) see note 5 \n\n\f- 12 \n\nTo encourage their development in this new environment, the Community has \nalready implemented a series of appropriate Community programmes and \ninstruments. It is now up to businesses to take initiatives enabling them to seize these \nopportunities, thus contributing to efforts to boost the economy. However, the \navailability of Community programmes \ninstruments must be \ncomplemented by an increased communication and promotion effort and by \nspecific business-stimulation measures. and \n\nThe Community's communication measures will be maintained and enhanced \non the basis of experience with the promotion campaign carried out in 1992 \nand the mobilization brought about by the European business week in March \n1992. for \n\nthis \n\nincreased effort will be \n\nthe \n17. One priority \ntechnological potential of SMEs. This will involve widening SME participation \nin Community research programmes and \nimproving access by such \nenterprises to the results of Community research. With this in view, the \nCommission will see that initiatives are properly coordinated, in compliance \nwith the objectives for each programmes, wether these have a horizontal \npurpose or are intended for specific fields. to strengthen \n\nIndependent SMEs must take a greater part in the Community's research and \ntechnological development programmes if they are to have a fair chance \nalongside large firms in the race to improve international competitiveness and \nif they are to be better able to integrate the results of research and innovation \ninto their growth strategies. Close coordination will be ensured with measures to be taken under, for \nexample, the fourth framework programme for research and technological \ndevelopment (11). A considerable portion of the funds allocated to the promotion of Community \ninstruments will be dedicated to the extension to other specific R&D \nprogrammes of the feasibility premiums successfully tried out in the context of \nBrite/Euram (1987-91). Also financed will be the extension of the Craft pilot project, currently being \ncarried out, to new research topics and new fields of technology. Existing measures under Value and Sprint should be continued and \nencouraged. Specifically, Value relay centres could be set up alongside certain \nEuro Info Centres to provide additional synergy. The potential of BC-Net could \nalso be exploited for the purpose. Considerable efforts must also continue to enable firms, and particularly \nSMEs, to make full use of the results of research and technological \ndevelopment work in the different fields covered. The seed capital pilot \nscheme has indeed contributed to the exploitation of technological potential, \ngiven that nearly three quarters of investments already implemented have \nrelated to innovation and technological development and the trend is towards \nan increase in this proportion. This measure will be strengthened in the period \n1993-96. (11) COM(92) 406, 9 October 1992. - 13 \n\nIn addition to the measures provides for under the 3rd and 4th framework \nprogrammes in the field of R&DT, and in coordination with them, the \nfollowing lines of action will be developed: \n\ninforming SMEs more effectively; \nsimplifying procedures for submitting research projects; \nevaluating the results of research activities involving SMEs; \naccompanying measures to the setting-up of research projects by means of \nappropriate financial mechanisms \n\n18. The method applied by EURQMANAGEMENT, which is to select a number of \nspecialist consultants throughout the Community who then carry out an audit \nand advise businesses, has been used for the first time in the area of research \nand technological development. An evaluation is currently being made. If it \nturns out to be positive, the Community will work towards this approach being \nincorporated into the Member States' own programmes, if necessary by \nmaking an initial financial contribution. The same method might in future be adopted in other areas, to the extent that \nit is a sound instrument for spreading and supporting the use by enterprises of \nCommunity programmes and instruments. III. CONCLUSION \n\nIn view of the deterioration in short-term economic prospects, and of the \nincreasingly complex mechanisms which make up the business environment, \nthe Commission must attach particular importance to supporting, and indeed \nrestoring, the confidence of enterprises, a vital effort in generating the growth \nneeded for the successful implementation of the internal market programme. It is desirable, therefore, that any measure which is capable of curbing or \nreversing negative expectations on the part of businessmen should be \nhighlighted and implemented as quickly as possible. The measures identified in this document have proved their value with regard \nto informing and supporting enterprises in their attempts to gain access to the \ninternal market, and on expanded markets. The intensification proposed here \nmakes it possible, therefore, not only to boost support for growth but to \nprovide those elements of permanence which enterprise policy needs. 1 4-\n\nENSURING THE CONTINUITY OF A POLICY FOR ENTERPRISE, IN \nPARTICULAR SMEs, IN THE COMMUNITY \n(1994-1997) \n\n\f- 1 5-\n\nENSURING THE CONTINUITY OF A POLICY FOR ENTERPRISE, IN \nPARTICULAR SMEs, IN THE COMMUNITY \n\nI. OBJECTIVES \n\nEnterprise policy, particularly that in favour of SMEs, which, as underlined by \nthe Council resolution of 17 June 1992 (12), is an established part of \nCommunity action, could be a key element of the strategy of restoring both the \ncredibility of Community policy and business confidence. The continued existence of these needs is explained by the fact that many \nenterprises, particularly SMEs, are still not able to participate fully in an \nintegrated market and to take advantage of the opportunities that the \ncompletion of the internal market offers at this stage, thus heightening the \nuncertainty and negative expectations of enterprises. A great deal more has to \nbe done therefore to restore business confidence. Of enterprises wishing to, or with the potential \nto, Europeanize or \ninternationalize their operations, there are still too few SMEs which have \nanticipated the completion of the internal market and have thus implemented \nstrategies to deal with the progressive globalization of markets (13). Participating in a process of globalization of markets represents an alternative \nstrategy, requiring different analytical instruments and forms bf action, the \navailability of which depends on the enterprise's size, sector and location and \non the existence of associated services. The Community therefore has a major role to play in providing enterprises \nwith instruments for understanding and analysing the changing economic and \nsocial realities in Europe and in the world, as well as specific and direct back \nup to help enterprises achieve their full potential. By providing added value to instruments already existing at national or \nregional level, the Community can make a significant contribution to the \nEuropeanization and internationalization of enterprises, as shown by the \nevaluation report on enterprise policy (14). In so doing, the Community may \nact to improve competitiveness by providing administrations and businesses in \nMember States with the capacity to analyse and understand situations at \nCommunity or indeed European level, with support for coordination of \npolicies and with a capability for experimenting with specific tools and \ninstruments, in particular to assist sectors undergoing development such as the \ncraft industry, the distributive sector, cooperatives, mutual societies and non \nprofit-making associations and foundations. (12)OJn\u00b0L178ofl5. 792 \n(13) European economy and social Europe, Special number 1990 ISBN 92-826-1819-6. (14) Comments by the Commission on the Deloitte and Touche report on the evaluation of the \n\nCommunity's enterprise policy, SEC(92)1999 of 11 November 1992. - 1 6-\n\nII. MEASURES TO ENSURE THE CONTINUITY OF ENTERPRISE POLICY \n\nA) \n\nMEASURES AIMED MORE PARTICULARLY AT AREAS UNDER \nDEVELOPMENT \n\n1. The horizontal nature of enterprise policy means that all types of small, \nmedium-sized and large enterprise, whether in manufacturing or in services, \nare concerned. The 1990-93 action programme \nincluded \ncooperatives, mutual societies and non-profit-making associations; it also \nenabled a pilot scheme to be funded for SMEs in the distributive sector. specifically \n\nThe Community will ensure the continuity of these specific measures flanking \nits enterprise policy. SMALL FIRMS AND CRAFT BUSINESSES \n\n2. Small businesses, craft businesses and artistic enterprises are nearly five \nmillion in number and account for some twenty million people. They should \nbe able to benefit, in the same way as larger enterprises, from the positive \nimpact of completion of the internal market both in terms of developing their \nworking methods and skills and in marketing their products. However, a number of enterprises of this type are still at a disadvantage faced \nwith the reality of the internal market and the internationalization of the \neconomy. They therefore tend to approach the necessary adjustments from the \nviewpoint of resistance to increased competition rather than by implementing \na strategy of global response to the challenges and opportunities which the \nsingle market presents. In the light of the outcome of the Avignon conference (15) and after wide-\nranging discussions with the parties concerned, the gradual implementation of \na number of measures has been embarked upon aimed at slowly bringing \nthese enterprises closer to all of the activities pursued by the Community as a \npreliminary to their involvement in the Community's mechanisms. The suitability of this approach was acknowledged by the Economic and Social \nCommittee, which, in the recently adopted own initiative report (16), makes a \nlarge number of additional requests. The Commission proposes that the \nfollowing, inter alia, be taken up: \n\ndeveloping mutual awareness among small firms and craft enterprises, \nparticularly by improving the access to information and cooperation \nbetween the bodies representing them; \n\nimproving access to new technologies through greater participation in \nR&D programmes and support for innovation transfer; \n\n(15) Record of the first European craft industry coinference, CEC-DGXXIII \n(16) OJ [pending]; the Deloitte & Touche evaluation report referred to above (see note 14) \n\nalso stressed the importance of specific measures in this field. - 1 7-\n\nimproving support for crossborder cooperation by taking account of the \nspecific situations of the craft industry in frontier regions in policies on \nsubcontracting, the environment and financial markets; \n\nThese new developments in Community action to assist the craft industry will \nalso enable specific measures to be taken as a follow-up to the Avignon \nconference and to the direction outlined by the Council in Decision \n91/319/EEC of 18 June 1991. THE DISTRIBUTIVE SECTOR \n\n3. For enterprises in the distributive sector, the effects of the internal market \nare felt mainly at the supply level, thus reinforcing the strong concentration \ntrends which already exist. The SMEs in this sector are seeking to obtain \ncomparable advantages so that they can defend themselves against these \ntrends, and horizontal grouping]\u00bb are therefore being formed, increasingly \nacross frontiers. One of the bases for this approach, and one of the conditions \nfor its success, is the integration of new technologies in the organization of \ndistributive activities. The ability of an enterprise in the distributive sector to \nmeet consumer demand will depend on its adaptation to advanced information \nand communication systems. Owing to the heterogeneous nature of the management culture in the \ndistributive sector, the SMEs operating in that sector are experiencing major \ndifficulties in making equivalent use of information technologies. The Community has sought to respond to this phenomenon by means of a \nlimited pilot project, which is currently being assessed. Depending on the \nresults of that assessment, a fresh set of stimulation measures might have to be \nenvisaged designed to create cross-border links between distributive firms and \nbetween them and their suppliers through the introduction of new technology. These measures would be in addition to the horizontal measures listed in the \nCommission's work programme, which has been welcomed by the Council \n(17). THE COOPERATIVE, MUTUAL SOCIETIES, NON-PROFIT MAKING ASSOCIATIONS AND \nFOUNDATIONS \n\n4. In the cooperatives, mutual societies, associations and foundations sector, \nentities of widely differing size coexist, many of which are SMEs. They are \ndistinguished by their aims and organizational modes, which call for special \ntreatment. The Commission accordingly adopted on 18 December r991 three proposals \nfor Regulations on the statutes for a European association, for a European \ncooperative society and for a European mutual society (18). (17) Towards a single market in distribution, COM(91) 41, 11. 3-1991, and the Council's \n\nconclusions of 26 June 1992. (18) COM(91) 273, 53-1992. 18-\n\nAs already announced (19), a work programme to support the efforts of these \nbusinesses as they face the changes brought about by the completion of the \nfrontier-free economic area will be implemented with a view to creating an \nenvironment conducive to cross-border cooperation and seeking out new \nactivities between partners grouped together in the single market. B) \n\nENCOURAGING AN IMPROVED FINANCIAL ENVIRONMENT \n\n5. The general effort to improve the business environment is intended to \nfacilitate business start-ups, continued operation and growth. Thus, the \nCommunity has already been able to play an important role as a catalyst in the \narea of business start-ups, a role which it intends to intensify in close \ncollaboration with all parties concerned at national and Community level. Likewise, the conditions governing cross-border business transfers might lead \nto appropriate initiatives being taken in the light of the results of a forthcoming \nEuropean conference currently being organized. 6. At all stages of its development, the enterprise is affected by its financial \nenvironment which in the Community is currently characterized by a decline \nin cash flow together with under-capitalization (especially as compared with \nenterprises in the United States), in particular in SMEs. SME organizations all stress that this should be looked at under the \nCommunity's enterprise policy, and the Council Resolution of 17 June 1992 \ncalled on the Commission to examine the general aspects of financing in the \nproposals it considered it should put to the Council in order to guarantee \ncontinuity in enterprise policy. As part of its growth initiative, the Community has launched the idea of an \ninvestment fund which will comprise a section specifically for SMEs. The task \nof enterprise policy in this context is essentially to examine the general \nconditions of finance for SMEs. 7. Access to finance by borrowing is difficult for many enterprises which are \nnot in a position to give traditional financial organizations sufficient guarantees \nto obtain a loan (fixed assets, personal wealth, reputation, etc. ). One solution to these difficulties which are peculiar to SMEs may lie with \nmutual guarantee companies (20), for which a European association has just \nbeen formed to promote such companies in the Community by means of \ndirect relations between businesses. (19) SEC(89) 2187, 18. 12. 1989. (20) SEC(91) 1550, 5. 9. 1991. - 1 9-\n\nIn order to overcome this guarantee problem in the area of technology, the \n\"Technology Performance Financing\" scheme, which is part of the Sprint \nprogramme, aims to make it easier for SMEs, particularly those in traditional \nindustries, to acquire new technology. In conjunction with the European Investment Bank (EIB), the conditions for \ngranting assistance in providing guarantees to financial intermediaries and \nshares in risk capital for SMEs in assisted regions are also currently being \nstudied. 8. The difficulties which SMEs have in gaining access to external sources of \nfinance lead them to rely heavily on self-financing to secure growth. It is \ntherefore important to examine the measures which may increase SMEs' \ncapacity for self-financing. Taxation can play an important role here. For example, the idea of allowing \none-man businesses to opt to be taxed as companies, as suggested by the \nRuding Committee and taken up in the Commission Communication to the \nCouncil and to Parliament (21), might help businesses not constituted as \ncompanies to become self-financing, corporation tax being lower in most \nMember States than the marginal rate of personal income tax. 9. The difficulties SMEs have in increasing their own capital is also one of the \nclearly identified shortcomings in SME financing. in particular at cross-border \n\nIn certain cases, venture capital can provide a solution to this problem. Its \nimportant \ndevelopment, \nCommunity objective and there are a number of programmes to that end, such \nas Venture Consort and Eurotech Capital, or the cross-border investment \nforums organized by Sprint, where the Council has mandated the Commission \nto take action to strengthen innovation-financing infrastructure and activities \n(22). level, remains an \n\nAs regards seed capital, it should be examined whether the legal and tax \nprovisions applicable to venture capital companies are appropriate for \npromoting cross-border growth in this field. But one of the major problems in venture capital operations, and all the more \nso in seed capital operations, is resale by funds of their own shareholdings, \nwhich can prove difficult due to lack of a sufficiently well-developed securities \nmarket. In most Member States, SMEs still find it difficult to gain access to stock \nmarkets because of the difficulty and the cost of the procedures involved. Secondary markets in the Community remain under-developed. That is why \nconsideration should be given to the advisability and feasibility of promoting \nthe development in Europe of a network of specialist operators in this field. (21) Commission Communication to the Council and to Parliament subsequent to the \nconclusions of the Ruding Committee indicating guidelines on company taxation linked to \nthe further development of the internal market, SEC(92) 1118, 26. 6. 1992. (22) Council Decision 89/286/EEC of 17 April 1989, OJ No L 112, 25. 4. 1989. 20-\n\n10. Practices concerning payment periods in commercial transactions and \npublic procurement are an important factor both in the operation of the \ninternal market and in improving the short-term financing capacity of SMEs, \nwhich in general are creditors in the inter-industrial debt market. This \nnaturally has an adverse impact on their financial situation. That is why the Commission is undertaking extensive consultation of interested \nparties to determine the extent to which this difficulty could be alleviated (23). Any action under the new programme will have to take account of the results \nof this consultation. 11. In addition, the Community is making a direct contribution to solving the \nproblems of SME finance in eligible areas via the structural Funds. Public authorities will have to ensure the greatest possible involvment of both \nside of industry, including SME representatives, in the preparation of, and \nfollow-up to, the projects and programmes jointly financed by the structural \nFunds. 12. It should be remembered that, as far as state aid in concerned, the \nCommission has always regarded aid to SMEs more favourably than aid in \ngeneral (24), and will continue to ensure that aid granted to SMEs does not \ndistort competition. The Commission will also continue to take a viewpoint which is decidedly in \nfavour of cooperation between small and medium-sized businesses in the \ncontext of competition policy. Many firms do not know what they are allowed \nto do under competition rules. It is therefore important to stress the aspects of \nthat policy which protect the development of cooperation, R&D, patent and \nknow-how licensing, franchising and specialization agreements, provided that \nthey do not restrict competition on the market. In this context, all available resources will be used to improve information on \ncompetition policy. 13. The new discussions as part of the Community's action to stimulate an \nimproved environment respond to the wish espressed by the Council in its \nresolution of 17 June 1992 that Commission proposals designed to ensure the \ncontinuity of the enterprise policy should include consideration of general \nfinancing aspects. (23) SEC(92) 2214, 18. 11. 1992. (24) OJ No C 213, 19. 8. 1992. - 2 1-\n\nC) \n\nOBSERVATION AND EVALUATION OF THE POLICY \n\nEUROPEAN SME OBSERVATORY \n\n14. A European network of research centres specializing in the observation of \nSMEs was set up in mid-1992 with Community support. A need has emerged for the Community and enterprises to be given the means \nof observing the development of SMEs in an environment which is undergoing \ncomplete change as a result of the enlargement of markets. Anticipation of \nchanges in vital if enterprises are to adapt and thus improve their \ncompetitiveness. This must be accompanied by an analysis and by the means to \nunderstand the situation of enterprises, including the very smallest, in the face \nof these changes. It will thus be possible regularly to adjust policies to help \nthem at both Community and national \nlevel, thereby maintaining the \nconfidence of these enterprises. On the basis of annual reports drawn up by this network, it will be possible to \nconduct a regular debate with representatives of enterprises and the \nenterprises themselves on the situation of SMEs and the means they have or \nneed to adapt. This innovative scheme, which is a follow-up to Decision 91/319/EEC, has just \nbeen launched, and the debate generated by it will provide a consolidated \nbasis for the development of enterprise policy. 15. In the context of improving information to businesses, the Community will \ncontinue to provide direct information in the form of publications and support \nfor the organization of seminars or conferences, either of a general nature or \nrelating to specific aspects of Community enterprise policy. IMPPRROVING STATITICS ON SMES \n\n16. The development of statistical tools will continue to be part and parcel of \nmost of the planned measures. The aim will be, among other things, to make the market more transparent \nthrough a fuller understanding of the parameters defining the structure, \noperations and performance of enterprises, and particularly small and \nmedium-sized ones. The work will also endeavour to provide a more accurate picture of the range \nof products both in services to industry and in related areas. An effort will be made to improve the quality of statistics on individual \nbusinesses through greater synergy between public and private registers. Lastly, administrations will be encouraged to make their files available for \nstatistical processing, in order to alleviate some of the burden on businesses. -22 \n\nEVALUATION OF EXISTING POLICY \n\n17. As regards programmes under way, continuous internal assessment, and \noccasionally external assessment, should continue to keep objectives in line \nwith changing situations and the relative effectiveness of the resources in play. We must also continue to carry out, or have carried out, accompanying studies \nto identify and take account of the priority needs of SMEs so that they can take \nadvantage of Community policies and the new dimension of the market. III. CONCLUSION \n\nThe enterprise dimension now has a sound Community basis, thereby justified \nby the need to ensure the continuity of the policy to assist business, in \nparticular SMEs. This is all the more important since business is a fundamental \nelement of European society. Given this situation, the Community must work to make economic support \nmeasures more convergent and devise appropriate \nlines of action and \ncorresponding measures at Community level. This policy must rest on active partnership between the different parties \ninvolved: bodies representing the business interests concerned, Member States \nand Community institutions. Such synergy is essential if the Europeanization \nand internationalization process is to be given its full force and effectiveness. Thus, an environment conducive to the strategic development of enterprises \nwill help to boost positive developments in European competitiveness and \nsupport efforts to achieve growth. - 2 3-\n\nPROPOSALS FOR DECISIONS \n\n\f24 \n\nPROPOSAL FOR A \n\nCOUNCIL DECISION \n\non a multiannual programme (1993-96) of Community measures to intensify \n\nthe priority areas of policy for enterprise, in particular SMEs, in the \n\nCommunity \n\n(. /. /EEC) \n\nTHE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, \n\nHaving regard to the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community, \n\nand in particular Article 235 thereof, \n\nHaving regard to the proposal from the Commission, \n\nHaving regard to the opinion of the European Parliament, \n\nHaving regard to the opinion of the Economic and Social Committee,-* \n\n1. Whereas on 28 July 1989 the Council adopted Decision 89/490/EEC on the \n\nimprovement of the business environment and the promotion of the \n\ndevelopment of enterprises, and \n\nin particular small and medium-sized \n\nenterprises, in the Community, as revised by Council Decision 91/319/EEC \no f l 8 J u n e l 9 9 1 ;5 \n\n1 \nO J N oC of \n2 O J N oC of \n3 O J N oC of \n4 \n5 \n\n, p. , p. , p. OJ No L 239, 16. 8. 1989, p. 33-\nO J N o L 1 7 5, 4. 7. 1991, p. 32. 2 5-\n\n2. Whereas in its resolution of 17 June 1992 on Community action to support \n\nenterprises, in particular small and medium-sized enterprises, including craft \n\nindustry enterprises, \n\nthe Council confirmed its undertaking to support the \n\nconsolidation of the action taken to help enterprises; \n\n3. Whereas the evolution of the economic situation calls for an initiative to \n\nrelaunch growth, to whose success SMEs have an essential contribution to \n\nmake; \n\n4. Whereas this situation involves proposing the adoption of a programme of \n\nCommunity measures to assist SMEs which takes full account of this new \n\npriority; \n\n5. Whereas the Commission has put before the Council a communication on \n\nenterprise policy for the Community, entitled \"The enterprise dimension \n\nessential to Community growth\";' \n\n6. Whereas this Decision applies to all forms of enterprise, in particular small \n\nand medium-sized enterprises, \n\nincluding those \n\nin commerce and the \n\ndistributive trades and craft enterprises, cooperatives, mutual societies, \n\nassociations and foundations; \n\n7. Whereas this policy involves, in particular, the intensification and wider \n\ndistribution of information for enterprises, the stimulation of cooperation and \n\npartnership between enterprises, the improvement of the administrative and \n\nlegal environment of enterprises and \n\nthe promotion of Community \n\ninstruments to assist enterprises; \n\n8. Whereas, however, many measures to assist enterprises are carried out at \n\nMember State level and Community measures will have to complement these; \n\n6 \n7 \n\nOJ No C 178, 15. 7. 1992, p. 8. yet to be published on the OJ \n\n\f26 \n\n9. Whereas it is therefore necessary to adopt immediately a programme for a \n\nfour-year period and to endow it with sufficient resources to attain its \n\nobjectives; \n\n10. Whereas, the Treaty does not provide, for the adoption of this Decision, \n\npowers other than those of Article 235, \n\nHAS DECIDED AS FOLLOWS: \n\nArticle 1 \n\nA programme to intensify the priority measures for enterprise policy, in \n\nparticular for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), is hereby adopted \n\nfor a period of four years from 1 January 1993. Article 2 \n\nThe programme referred to in Article 1 is intended to intensify growth-\n\noriented priority measures for enterprise policy. The principal objectives are as follows: \n\nA. to develop the Euro Info Centres to facilitate access by enterprises to \n\nCommunity information \n\nB. to develop the partner-search networks BRE and BC-NET \n\nC. to step up activities to put businessmen in direct contact with one another \nthe EUROPARTENARIAT and INTERPRISE programmes and \n\nunder \npromoting cross-border SUBCONTRACTING \n\n\f27 \n\nD. to improve the administrative and legal environment of enterprises \n\nE. to promote Community instruments \n\nArticle 3 \n\n1. The Commission shall \n\nimplement the measures necessary for the \n\nachievement of the objectives laid down in Article 2. 2. The procedure laid down in Article 4 shall be followed for adopting \n\nmeasures relating to: \n\nthe adoption, experimental implementation or extension of any project \n\ndevised for application of this Decision, \n\nthe content and timetable of and financial assistance for measures and calls \n\nfor proposals, \n\nthe periodical evaluation of the results of each project in accordance with \n\nthe timetables laid down. 3. The committee referred to in Article 4 may examine other measures \nprovided for by the programme. Article 4 \n\nThe Commission shall be assisted by a committee composed of the \n\nrepresentatives of the Member States and chaired by a representative of the \n\nCommission. - 2 8-\n\nThe representative of the Commission shall submit to the committee a draft of \n\nthe measures to be taken. The committee shall deliver its opinion on the draft \n\nwithin a time-limit which the chairman may lay down according to the urgency \n\nof the matter. The opinion shall be delivered by the majority laid down in \n\nArticle 148(2) of the Treaty in the case of decisions which the Council is \n\nrequired to adopt on a proposal from the Commission. The votes of the \n\nrepresentatives of the Member States within the committee shall be weighted in \n\nthe manner set out in that Article. The chairman shall not vote. The Commission shall adopt measures which shall apply \n\nimmediately. However, if these measures are not in accordance with the opinion of the \n\ncommittee, they shall be communicated by the Commission to the Council \n\nforthwith. In that event the Commission shall defer application of the measures \n\nwhich \n\nit has decided for a period of two months from the date of \n\ncommunication. The Council, acting by a qualified majority, may take a different decision \n\nwithin the time-limit referred to in the previous paragraph. Article 5 \n\nThe Commission shall present an evaluation report on the implementation of \n\nthis Decision to the European Parliament, the Council and the Economic and \n\nSocial Committee at the latest by mid-1996. Article 6 \n\nThe amount of the appropriations allocated annually to the measures provided \nfor by this Decision shall be determined under the annual budgetary \n\nprocedure. Article 7 \n\nThis Decision replaces Council Decision 89/490/EEC, as revised by \nDecision 91/319/EEC. Done at Brussels, \n\nFor the Council \n\n\f2 9-\n\nPROPOSALFORA \n\nCOUNCIL DECISION \n\non a multiannual programme (1994-97) of Community measures to ensure the \n\ncontinuity of policy for enterprise, in particular SMEs, in the Community \n\n(. /. /EEC) \n\nTHE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, \n\nHaving regard to the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community, \n\nand in particular Article 235 thereof, \n\nHaving regard to the proposal from the Commission, \n\nHaving regard to the opinion of the European Parliament, \n\nHaving regard to the opinion of the Economic and Social Committee,^ \n\n1. Whereas on 28 July 1989 the Council adopted Decision 89/490/EEC on the \n\nimprovement of the business environment and the promotion of the \n\ndevelopment of enterprises, and in particular small and medium-sized \n\nenterprises, in the Community, as revised by Council Decision 91/319/EEC \no f l 8 J u n e l 9 9 1 ;5 \n\n1 OJNoC of \n2 OJNoC of \n3 OJNoC of \n4 OJ No L 239, 16. 8. 1989, p. 33-\n5 OJNoL175, 4. 7. 1991, p. 32. ,p. ,p. , p. 30-\n\n2. Whereas in its resolution of 17 June 1992 on Community action to support \nenterprises, in particular small and medium-sized enterprises, including craft \nthe Council confirmed its undertaking to support the \nindustry enterprises, \nconsolidation of the action taken to help enterprises; \n\n3. Whereas the Council recommended in that resolution that the Commission \nshould press ahead, having regard to the principle of subsidiarity, with the \naction necessary to create an environment favourable to the competitiveness of \nenterprises, in particular SMEs, and to back up their integration into the single \nmarket after 1992; \n\n4. Whereas the Council also requested the Commission to submit before the \nend of 1992, in the light of the evaluations made, any proposals it deems \nnecessary to ensure continuity of the policy towards enterprises; \n\n5. Whereas independent experts have carried out, pursuant to Article 3 of \nCouncil Decision 91/319/EEC, an evaluation of the results achieved from all \naspects of the existing programme; whereas the Commission has submitted the \nreport, together with its comments, to Parliament and the Council/ \n\n8. Whereas the report confirms the appositeness of the enterprise policy the \nCommunity has carried out thus far, but makes proposals concerning the \ndirection of certain measures; \n\n7. Whereas the Commission has put before the Council a communication on \nenterprise policy for the Community, entitled \"The enterprise dimension \nessential to Community growth\";8 \n\n8. Whereas this Decision applies to all forms of enterprise, in particular small \nand medium-sized enterprises, \nin commerce and the \ndistributive trades and craft enterprises, cooperatives, mutual societies, non \nprofit associations and foundations; \n\nincluding those \n\n6 OJ No C 178, 15. 7. 1992, p. 8. 7 \n8 \n\nSEC(92) 1999 of 11 november 1992 \nyet to be published in the OJ \n\n\f- 3 1-\n\n9. Whereas small and medium-sized enterprises play an important role in \neconomic activity in general and in regional development, and a fundamental \nrole as regards dynamism, productivity, adaptability and innovation; \n\n10. Whereas the development of a Community enterprise policy based on real \ncompetition assumes particular importance as regards making the Community \neconomy more competitive and as regards employment growth, economic and \nsocial cohesion in the Community and the continuation of the widening of the \nmarket after 1993; \n\n11. Whereas, however, many measures to assist enterprises are carried out at \nMember State level and Community measures will have to complement these; \n\n12. Whereas it is therefore necessary to adopt a new programme for a four-\nyear period and to endow it with sufficient resources to attain its objectives; \n\n13- Whereas, the Treaty does not provide, for the adoption of this Decision, \npowers other than those of Article 235, \n\nHAS DECIDED AS FOLLOWS: \n\nArticle 1 \n\nA programme to ensure the continuity of an enterprise policy, in particular for \nsmall and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), is hereby adopted for a period of \nfour years from 1 January 1994. - 3 2-\n\nArticle 2 \n\nThe programme referred to in Article 1 has the following objectives: \n\nto encourage the adjustment to structural change of sectors under \ndevelopment such as craft industry, the distributive sector, cooperatives, \nmutual societies, non-profit associations and foundations; \n\nto encourage an improved financial environment for enterprises; \n\nto promote better observation of the economic development of enterprises \nas part of the dynamic of effective implementation of the internal market. Articled \n\n1. The Commission shall implement the measures necessary to achieve the \nobjectives laid down in Article 2. 2. The procedure laid down in Article 4 shall be followed for adopting \nmeasures relating to: \n\nthe adoption, experimental implementation or extension of any project \ndevised for application of this Decision, \n\nthe content and timetable of and financial assistance for measures and calls \nfor proposals, \n\n-\u00ab: the periodical evaluation of the results of each project in accordance with \n\nthe timetables laid down. 3- The committee referred to in Article 4 may examine other measures \nprovided for by the programme. 33-\n\nArticle 4 \n\nThe Commission shall be assisted by a committee composed of the \nrepresentatives of the Member States and chaired by a representative of the \nCommission. The representative of the Commission shall submit to the committee a draft of \nthe measures to be taken. The committee shall deliver its opinion on the draft \nwithin a time-limit which the chairman may lay down according to the urgency \nof the matter. The opinion shall be delivered by the majority laid down in \nArticle 148(2) of the Treaty in the case of decisions which the Council is \nrequired to adopt on a proposal from the Commission. The votes of the \nrepresentatives of the Member States within the committee shall be weighted in \nthe manner set out in that Article. The chairman shall not vote. The Commission shall adopt measures which shall apply immediately. However, if these measures are not in accordance with the opinion of the \ncommittee, they shall be communicated by the Commission to the Council \nforthwith. In that event the Commission shall defer application of the measures \nwhich it has decided for a period of two months from the date of \ncommunication. The Council, acting by a qualified majority, may take a different decision \nwithin the time-limit referred to in the previous paragraph. Article 5 \n\nThe Commission shall present an evaluation report on the implementation of \nthis Decision to the European Parliament, the Council and the Economic and \nSocial Committee at the latest by mid-1997. It shall also present to the Council, the European Parliament and the Economic \nand Social Committee a report on coordination between the initiatives taken in \npursuance of this Decision and the various programmes manifestly in the \ninterests of SMEs and craft industries but not covered by this Decision. - 3 4-\n\nArticle 6 \n\nThe amount of the appropriations allocated annually to the measures provided \nfor by this Decision shall be determined under the annual budgetary \nprocedure. Article 7 \n\nThis Decision replaces Council Decision 89/490/EEC, as revised by \nDecision 91/319/EEC. Done at Brussels, \n\nFor the Council \n\n\f35-\n\nFINANCIAL STATEMENTS \n\n\f\f1. TITLE OF OPERATION \n\nFINANCIAL STATEMENT \n\n\"The enterprise dimension essential to Community growth\". To intensify the priority measures for enterprise policy so as to stimulate \n\ngrowth in the Community. 2. BUDGET HEADING INVOLVED \n\nArticle B5-320. 3. LEGAL BASIS \n\nCouncil Decision of 28 July 1989 (OJ No L 239, p. 33) \nCouncil resolution of 14 November 1989 (OJ No C 297, p. 2) \nCouncil Decision of 18 June 1991 (OJ No L 175, p. 32) \nCouncil resolution of 17 June 1992 (OJ No C 178, p. 8 ). 4. DESCRIPTION OF OPERATION \n\nThe proposal for a Council Decision to which this financial statement \nrelates follows on from the Council resolution of 17 June 1992, in which the \nCouncil recommended that the Commission should press ahead, in accordance \nwith the principle of subsidiarity, with developing the action necessary to \ncreate an environment favourable to the competitiveness of enterprises, in \nparticular SMEs, and to back up their integration into the single market \nafter 1992. In framing this proposal, the Commission has drawn the \nnecessary conclusions from the first programme, covering the period 1990-93, \nand from an evaluation report which it has transmitted to Parliament and the \nCouncil. The report confirms the overall appropriateness of the enterprise \npolicy which the Community has carried out so far but makes proposals \nconcerning the direction of certain measures. In Edinburgh on 11-12 December 1992, the European Council, endorsing the \nguidelines put forward by the Commission, agreed action on a wide scale to \nsupport growth in the Community. The Declaration on Promoting Economic Recovery in Europe* states that: \n\"Recognizing the importance of SMEs for creating employment and stimulating \ngrowth, the European Council called upon the Council and the Commission to \nensure that the burdens from Community legislation on small and medium-sized \nenterprises are reduced (including through the use of simplified schemes and \nexemption limits in the field of indirect taxation) and that full \ninformation about Community support is provided to SMEs. It asked the \nCommission to accelerate the actions in favour of SMEs which have proven \ntheir worth at the Community level\". European Council, Edinburgh, 11-12 December 1992, Conclusions of the \nPresidency, Annex 4 to Part A, point 8. - 2 -\n\nThe operation is therefore a continuation of the measures developed under \nthe first programme, to which the necessary adjustments and improvements \nhave been made in order to comply with the acceleration of this part of \nenterprise policy for the period 1993-96. 4. 1 \n\nSpecific \n\nobjectives \n\nof \n\noperation \n\nTo develop the Euro-Info-Centres to so as facilitate access by \nenterprises to Community information; \n\nTo develop the partner-search networks by expanding the activities of \nthe Business Cooperation Centre (BRE) in the case of non-confidential \ncooperation, and of the Business Cooperation Network (BC-Net) in the \ncase of confidential cooperation; \n\nTo step up activities to put businessmen in direct contact with one \nanother under the Europartenariat, Interprise and Promotion of \nCross-Border Subcontracting programmes; \n\nTo improve the administrative and legal environment of enterprises;2 \n\nTo promote Community instruments and, in this context, to strengthen \nthe technological potential of SMEs. 4. 2 \n\nDuration \n\n1993-96. 4. 3 \n\nTarget \n\npopulation \n\nIn theory, the above-mentioned measures could affect all SMEs in the \nCommunity. In practice, however, the number of SMEs concerned by \ncross-border measures will necessarily be smaller, reflecting the categories \nof enterprise. The measures are also targeted at all trade associations and other \nintermediaries (for example, chambers of commerce and craft) and the \nwholesale and retail trades. As many of the measures are implemented via \nnetworks of intermediaries, the number of enterprises actually affected \ncannot be precisely quantified. 5. CLASSIFICATION OF EXPENDITURE OR REVENUE \n\nNon-compulsory expenditure; differentiated appropriations. Includes consultation of Member States and trade associations (ex-item \nB5-324). 6. TYPE OF EXPENDITURE OR REVENUE \n\n- 3 -\n\nGrants for joint financing with other sources in the public and/or \nprivate sector. Partial reimbursement through re-use of revenue for certain measures \n(e. g. in the case of BC-Net, charging from 1 January 1993 for the use \nof the network by non-Community industrialized countries and by \nadvisers throughout the Community). 7. FINANCIAL IMPACT \n\n7. 1 Method of calculating \n\ntotal \n\ncost of \n\noperation \n\nExperience in current and previous financial years shows that the demands on \nthe policy for S ME s have risen steeply. For a lack of appropriations, the \nCommission has had to reject many of the projects submitted in response to \nvarious calls for proposals. Although in certain cases the Community \ncontribution can be modulated according to the arrangements for implementing \nthe measure in order to finance as many projects as possible, the fact \nremains that the Commission may well no longer be able to get essential \nschemes off the ground if its financial contribution is no longer sufficient \nto attract investments by its partners (businesses or intermediaries); the \nCommission also has to aim to achieve a critical financial mass in the areas \nconcerned in order to avoid spreading funds too thinly. This situation is reflected in all the calls for tender organized on the \nbasis of this budget heading. Consequently, the rates of commitment and \nutilization under this heading have always been extremely high. The volume of funding requested has to be seen in the context of the merger \nof headings B5-320, B5-322 and B5-324 which the Commission has proposed in \nthe preliminary draft budget for 1993. Until such time as the 1993 budget \nis definitively adopted, the figures for that year will remain purely \nindicative. PRIORITY AREAS FOR INTENSIFICATION \n\n1993 \n\n1994 \n\n1995 \n\n1996 \n\n70\u00cfAL \n1993/1996 \n\nSingle heading, indicative amounts \n\nDEVELOPMENT OF EURO-INFO-CENTRES \n\nto facilitate access to Community information \n\nDEVELOPMENT OF PARTNER-SEARCH NETWORKS \n\nBRE and BC-Net \n\nSTEPPINO UP DIRECT CONTACTS BETWEEN BUSINESSMEN \n\nUNDER THE EUROPARTENARIAT, \n\nINTERPRISE AND PROMOTION OF CROSS-BORDER \n\nSUBCONTRACTING PROGRAMMES \n\nIMPROVEMENT OF THE ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL \nENVIRONMENT OF ENTERPRISES1 \n\nPROMOTION OF COMMUNITY INSTRUMENTS \n\n7. 00 \n\n0. 80 \n\n(. 70 \n\n0. 90 \n\n8. 00 \n\n0. 90 \n\n7. 50 \n\n1. 20 \n\n9. 00 \n\n1. 00 \n\n10. 00 I \nI \n1. 30 I \n\n34. 0C \n\n4. 0G \n\n8. 00 \n\n1. 50 \n\n30. 00 ! \n! \n5. 00 | \nI \n\ni \n\nI \nl \ni > \n\n12. CO ! \n\n\u2022 STRENGTHENING THE TECHNOLOGICAL POTENTIAL OF SMEs \n\n2. 90 \n\n2. 50 \n\n3. 10 \n\n3. 50 \n\n1 Includes consultation of Member States and trade associations (ex-item B5-324). 18. 30 \n\n20. 10 \n\n22. 30 \n\n24. 30 \n\n85. 00 \n\n\f1. 3 \n\nIndicative \n\nschedule \n\nof commitment appropriations \n\n(without \n\nmini-budget) \n\n- 5 -\n\nPreliminary \ndraft budget \nfor 1993 \n\nIndicative planning \n\n1994 \n\n1995 \n\n1996 \n\n1993-96 \n\n18. 30 \n\n20. 10 \n\n22. 30 \n\n24. 30 \n\n85 000 \n\n\u2022 \n\n\u2022 \n\n\u2022 \n\n8. ANTI-FRAUD MEASURES PLANNED IN THE PROPOSAL FOR THE OPERATION \n\nMeasures to be funded and services or studies performed are checked by the \nCommission before payment, with due regard to contractual obligations and \nthe principles of economy and sound financial or general management. Anti-fraud measures (checks, reporting, etc. ) are included in all agreements \nor contracts between the Commission and recipients of funds. 9. ELEMENTS OF COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS \n\n9. 1 Assessment \n\nand analysis \n\nof \n\nobjectives \n\nQuantification \n\nThe reader is referred to the table set out in point 7. 2, which gives the \nfigures for the different types of measure (under both the old programme and \nthe proposed new one). speeding up the adjustment of SMEs to structural change (information \nfor businesses, promotion, advertising, grants): 50% \n\ncooperation and partnership: 19. 33% \n\nadministrative, legal and financial environment which will benefit \nenterprises: 3. 72% \n\nevaluation and development of enterprise policy: 6. 78%. 9. 2 Grounds for \n\nthe \n\noperation \n\n- 6 -\n\nAs far as subsidiarity is concerned, all the action taken here by the \nCommunity is such that it produces decisive added value, in particular as a \nresult of the size of networks and the scale of the measures developed, the \nimpartiality of decisions taken at the centre and the attention devoted to \nregional balance. This emerges clearly from the independent evaluation report and is stressed \nin the explanatory memorandum. Although Member States can themselves take a large proportion of the \nmeasures to assist enterprises, it is for the Community to take the \ncross-border measures, set up networks extending across the Community or \nbeyond and organize schemes for the exchange of experience or know-how \nbetween financial institutions, chambers of commerce and craft and other \nintermediaries, as well as actual businesses looking for cross-border \ncooperation opportunities. Making such action a national preserve would not \nonly be impracticable and less effective, but would also create distortions \nof competition since the level of support provided by each Member State \nwould vary widely (a number of host structures have, for example, decided to \nclose down their Euro-Info-Centre on the grounds that the burden on their \nfinances was too heavy in comparison with the Commission's contribution). i \n\nThe Commission ensures that all intermediaries and all businesses can \nbenefit from Community measures on an equal footing and in fair and \ntransparent conditions (as witnessed by the large number of calls for \nproposals published in the Official Journal). It also sees to it that the \nadded value deriving from the network effect and the know-how built up at \nCommunity level are redistributed and made available to all interested \nparties, including in the Community's less-favoured or outlying regions. 9. 2. 1 Cost \n\nThe Council decided on 18 June 1991 to revise the programme, adding an extra \nbudget of ECU 25 million to the ECU 110 million already deemed necessary for \nthe period 1990-93. The European Council, meeting in Edinburgh on 11-12 December 1992, \"asked \nthe Commission to accelerate the actions in favour of SMEs which have proven \ntheir worth at the Community level\". Consequently, the strengthening of the priority measures for enterprise \npolicy so as to stimulate growth in the Community is proposed for the period \n1993-96 and is based on the experience acquired during the previous \nprogramme. These assessment aspects are also raised in the evaluation \nreport and in the Commission's comments on it. - 7 -\n\nThe following details can be given on the various measures (the figures for \neach old and new measure are given in the table in point 7. 2): \n\n- \n\ninformation for businesses: \n1. development of the EICs to facilitate access to Community \n\ninformation (stimulation, training, grants, databases); \n\n- \n\ndevelopment of partner-search networks: \n\nBRE and BC-Net: development of both networks within the Community \nand beyond; for BC-Net, implementation of a policy of specialization \n(particularly in innovation and technical cooperation) and a drive \nto raise the calibre of advisers (training) ahead of the generalized \nintroduction of charges on 1 January 1993; \n\n- \n\nup \n\ndirect \n\ncontacts \n\nstepping \nEuropartenariat, \nSubcontracting programmes: \n1. partnership: intensification of the efforts to put businesses in \ndirect contact with one another through Europartenariat, Interprise \nand similar international events; \n\nthe \nCross-Border \n\nbusinessmen \n\nInterprise \n\nPromotion \n\nbetween \n\nunder \n\nand \n\nof \n\n2. subcontracting: the programme, which was updated in the Commission's \ncommunication to the Council of January 1992, is aimed in particular \nat ensuring a business approach to the market and covers measures on \ncommunication between businesses, certification and sectoral \nmeasures (electronics); \n\n- \n\nimprovement of the administrative and legal environment of enterprises: \nadministrative simplification and trade associations. Consultation of trade associations and support for stimulation measures \nand the dissemination of their information among the 8 million \nbusinesses they represent; \n\n- \n\npromotion of Community instruments and strengthening the technological \npotential of SMEs. 9. 2. 2 Spin-off effects \n\nAction under the above-(mentioned instruments and measures relates in \nparticular both to improving the business environment and the supply of \nbusiness information and to the search for and bringing together of partners \nwith the specific aim of developing cross-border cooperation agreements. This is vital to the effective functioning of the single market, with regard \nto which enterprises must base their development strategy on goals that \nextend beyond the confines of their home country. The main spin-off effect will thus be to make enterprises more competitive, \nin particular through: \n\n- 8 -\n\n- \n- \n- \n- \n\nfor \n\nbusinesses \n\ngreater \nopportunities \ninternationalize their operations; \ndevelopment of the network effect; \nlower costs, particularly for pilot schemes; \npositive effects on growth and the economy in general; \npositive effects on employment and the entire package of measures \nenabling SMEs to grasp the new opportunities offered by completion of \nthe internal market and relations with third countries. Europeanize \n\nand \n\nto \n\n9. 2. 3 Multiplier effects \n\nThe planned measures graft a European dimension onto existing services \nprovided by national partners. Planned expenditure from the Community \nbudget will consequently generate considerable investment by public and \nprivate partners, thus exerting a significant catalytic effect and bringing \nabout lasting structural change. For example, Euro Info Centres are set up in conjunction with host \nstructures such as chambers of commerce offering information and advisory \nservices, to which the EICs add a European dimension. Similarly, Europartenariat events are specifically aimed at developing \ncooperation between businesses in Objective 1, 2 and 5(b) regions and \nenterprises in other regions of the Community. Given that the Member State \nconcerned contributes one third of the budget for each event and the \nparticipating firms meet their own travel and subsistence expenses, the \nmultiplier effect can be estimated at 300%. Although it is desirable for the Commission to aim for a large multiplier \neffect, this should not be the only deciding factor in the choice of its \naction. The limitations of such an approach are amply demonstrated by the \nCommission's low level of financial support for the EIC network: a number of \nhost structures have decided to close down their Euro-Info-Centre on the \ngrounds that their share of the costs was too large and the Commission's too \nsmall. 9. 3 \n\nEvaluation \n\n- Performance indicators selected: \n\n_ 9 -\n\nEvaluation reports based on quantitative criteria (e. g. number of queries \nanswered, number of cooperation profiles generated) and matching the \ninstrument to the needs (e. g. level of detail of nomenclatures, quality of \ndocumentation, targeting). Results will be evaluated by regular monitoring based on in-house checks and \nexpert assessments by outside specialists where necessary. The cost of many of the measures taken is very moderate in relation to the \nmarket, as noted at certain points in the evaluation report. Development of measures targeted to the different markets for business \ninformation, cooperation and support. - \n\nDetails and frequency of planned evaluation: \n\nAnnual evaluation on an institutional basis (annual report provided for by \nArticle 6 of the proposed Decision). This proposal is based on the \nevaluation report submitted by outside experts and transmitted by the \nCommission to the European Parliament and the Council in accordance with \nArticle 3 of the Council Decision of 18 June 1991. 1. TITLE OF OPERATION \n\nFINANCIAL STATEMENT \n\n\"The enterprise dimension - essential to Community growth\". A programme of measures designed to ensure the continuity of policy for \n\nenterprise, and in particular SMEs, in the Community. 2. BUDGET HEADING \n\nArticle B5-320. 3. LEGAL BASIS \n\nCouncil Decision of 28 July 1989 (OJ No L 239, 16. 8. 1989, p. 33) \nCouncil resolution of 14 November 1989 (OJ No C 297, 25. 11. 1989, p. 2) \nCouncil Decision of 18 June 1991 (OJ No L 175, 4. 7. 1991, p. 32) \nCouncil resolution of 17 June 1992 (OJ No C 178, 15. 7. 1992, p. 8). 4. DESCRIPTION OF OPERATION \n\nThe proposal for a Council Decision to which this financial statement \nrelates follows on from the Council resolution of 17 June 1992, in which the \nCouncil recommended that the Commission should press ahead, in accordance \nwith the principle of subsidiarity, with developing the measures necessary \nto create an environment favourable to the competitiveness of enterprises, \nin particular SMEs, and to support their integration into the single market \nafter 1992. In framing this proposal, the Commission has drawn the \nnecessary conclusions from the first programme, covering the period 1990-93, \nand from an evaluation report which it has transmitted to Parliament and the \nCouncil. The report confirms the overall appropriateness of the enterprise \npolicy which the Community has carried out so far but makes proposals \nconcerning the direction of certain measures. This measure therefore incorporates most of those developed under the first \nprogramme, to which the necessary adjustments and improvements have been \nmade in order to ensure the continuity of policy for enterprise, and in \nparticular SMEs, in the Community. 4. 1 Specific \n\nobjectives \n\nof \n\noperation \n\nto improve the business environment, remove administrative, legal, tax \nand financial barriers, \nimprove the \nproductivity, competitiveness and adaptability of businesses, including \ndistributive enterprises and SMEs, and facilitate the transfer of \nbusinesses; \n\n\f- 2 -\n\n- \n\n- \n\n- \n\n- \n\nto help SMEs adjust to structural change in the wake of completion of \nthe internal market, for example through measures aimed, in particular, \nat growth sectors. These comprise measures relating to small firms and \nthe craft industry, distributive enterprises, cooperatives, mutual \nsocieties and non-profit-making associations and foundations; \n\nto promote a more favourable financial environment; \n\nto monitor and evaluate enterprise policy, in particular through the \nEuropean observatory for SMEs, which links together bodies specializing \nin research on SMEs into a network with access to statistical \nbackground, studies, publications and information given at seminars and \nconferences; \n\nto carry out, before the end of the programme, an external evaluation \nadditional to the ongoing internal evaluation which forms part of the \nprogramme. 4. 2 \n\nDuration \n\n1994-97. 4. 3 \n\nTarget \n\npopulation \n\nIn theory, the above-mentioned measures could affect all SMEs in the \nCommunity. In practice, however, the number of SMEs concerned by \ncross-border measures will necessarily be smaller, reflecting the categories \nof enterprises described in the explanatory memorandum. The measures are also targeted at all those representing intermediaries \nanalogous to chambers of craft and those representing the wholesale and \nretail trades, cooperatives, mutual societies and non-profit-making \nassociations and foundations. As many of the measures are implemented via \nnetworks of intermediaries, the number of enterprises actually affected \ncannot be precisely quantified. 5. CLASSIFICATION OF EXPENDITURE OR REVENUE \n\nNon-compulsory expenditure; differentiated appropriations. 6. TYPE OF EXPENDITURE OR REVENUE \n\n- 3 -\n\n- \n\n- \n\nGrants for joint financing with other sources in the public and/or \nprivate sector. The funding of symposia, seminars and the like is to be granted up to a \ncertain proportion of costs, determined in the light of the organizers' \nneeds and the importance of the event for the sector in question \n(attainment of the above-mentioned objectives). - \n\nPreparatory or feasibility studies, evaluation reports, consultants. 7. FINANCIAL IMPACT \n\n7. 1 Method of calculating \n\ntotal \n\ncost of the \n\noperation \n\nExperience in current and previous financial years shows that the demands on \nthe policy for SMEs have risen steeply. The Commission has had to reject \nmany of the projects submitted in response to various calls for proposals. Although some of the projects were eliminated because they did not develop \nthe cross-border dimension sufficiently, a large number of highly promising \nprojects had to be rejected for want of funds. Although in certain cases \nthe Community contribution can be reduced according to the arrangements for \nimplementing the measure in order to finance as many projects as possible, \nthe fact remains that the Commission may well no longer be able to get \nessential schemes off the ground if its financial contribution is no longer \nsufficient to attract investments by its partners (businesses or \nintermediaries). The volume of funding requested has to be seen in the context of the merger \nof headings B5-320, B5-322 and B5-324 which the Commission has proposed in \nthe preliminary draft budget for 1993. Until such time as the 1993 budget \nis definitively adopted, the figures for that year will remain purely \nindicative. 4 \u2022 \n\n7. 2 \n\n1 \n| \n\n| \n\nMeasures designed to ensure the continuity of policy \n\n\u2022\u2022 \n\n- \n\n- ' \n\nfor enterprises 1994-97 \n\n1 \n\n\u2022 -\n\n1993 \n\n1994 \n\n1995 \n\n1996 \n\n1 \n\n\u2022 \n\n1997 \n\nj \n\nTOTAL \n1994-1997 \n\n|A. MEASURES SPECIFICALLY TARGETED AT GROWTH AREAS: \n\n| \n\n| \n\n| \n\n| \n\n- craft industry and small firms \n\n- distributive enterprises \n\n\u2022 cooperatives, mutual societies and \n\nnon-profit-making associations and foundations \n\nIB. PROMOTING A MORE FAVOURABLE FINANCIAL ENVIRONMENT \n\n|C. MONITORING AND EVALUATION OF POLICY \n\n| \n\n| \n\n| \n\n| \n\n- European observatory for SMEs \n\n- improving statistics on SMEs \n\n- studies, publications, seminars and conferences \n\n\u2022 evaluation of policy and existing schemes \n\n1. 50 \n2. 00 \n\n0. 00 \n\n1. 20 \n0. 20 \n1. 60 \n0. 00 \n\n1. 30 \n2. 00 \n\n0. 20 \n\n0. 20 \n\n1. 30 \n0. 20 \n1. 50 \n0. 00 \n\n1. 30 \n2. 00 \n\n0. 20 \n\n0. 20 \n\n1. 40 \n0,20 \n1. 60 \n0. 00 \n\n1. 40 \n2. 10 \n\n0. 20 \n\n0. 20 \n\n1,40 \n0. 00 \n1. 30 \n0,50 \n\n1. 40 \n2. 10 \n\n0. 30 \n\n0. 30 \n\n1. 50 \n0. 30 \n1. 40 \n0. 00 \n\n5. 40 \n8. 20 \n\n0. 90 \n\n0. 90 \n\n5. 60 \n0. 70 \n5. 80 \n0. 50. \u2022. -. 6,50 \n\n6. 70 ' \n\n6,90 \n\n7. 10 \n\n| \n\n, ,, \n\nI \n1_ \n\n28. 00 \n-\n\n\f7. 3 \nmini-budget) \n\nIndicative \n\nschedule \n\nof \n\ncommitment \n\nappropriations \n\n(excluding \n\n- 5 -\n\nToken entry \nPreliminary \ndraft budget \nfor 1993 \n\nIndicative planning \n\nT O T AL \n\n1994 \n\n1995 \n\n1996 \n\n1 9 97 \n\n6. 50 \n\n6. 70 \n\n6. 90 \n\n7. 10 !' \n\n7-30 \n\n28. 00 \n\n8. ANTI-FRAUD MEASURES PLANNED IN THE PROPOSAL FOR THE OPERATION \n\nMeasures to be funded and services or studies performed are checked by the \nCommission before payment, with due regard to contractual obligations and \nthe principles of economy and sound financial or general management. Anti-fraud measures (checks, reporting, etc. ) are included in all agreements \nor contracts between the Commission and recipients of funds. 9. COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS \n\n9. 1 Assessment \n\nand analysis \n\nof \n\nobjectives \n\nQuantification \n\nThe reader is referred to the table set out in point 7. 2, which gives the \nfigures for the different types of measure (under both the old programme and \nthe proposed new one). For guidance, some of the appropriations for 1992 were broken down as \nfollows: \n\n- \n\npromoting a financial environment which will benefit enterprises; trade \nassociations: 1. 9% \n\n- \n\nevaluation and development of enterprise policy: 6. 78%. In addition to the above, there are the developments in the extensive fields \nof the craft industry and small enterprises [5 million firms] and the \ndistributive trades [4 million firms] which are factors for the continuity \nof policy for enterprise. 9. 2 Grounds for \n\nthe \n\noperation \n\n- 6 -\n\nAs far as subsidiarity is concerned, all the action taken here by the \nCommunity is such that it produces decisive added value, in particular as a \nresult of the size of networks and the scale of the measures developed, the \nimpartiality of decisions taken at the centre and the attention devoted to \nregional balance. This emerges clearly from the independent evaluation report. Although Member States can themselves take a large proportion of the \nmeasures to assist enterprises, it is for the Community to take the \ncross-border measures, set up networks extending across the Community or \nbeyond and organize schemes for the exchange of experience or know-how \nbetween financial institutions, chambers of commerce and craft and other \nintermediaries, as well as actual businesses looking for cross-border \ncooperation opportunities. Making such action a national preserve would not \nonly be impracticable and less effective, but would also create distortions \nof competition since the level of support provided by each Member State \nwould vary widely. The Commission ensures that all intermediaries and all businesses can \nbenefit from Community measures on an equal footing and in fair and \ntransparent conditions (as witnessed by the large number of calls for \nproposals published in the Official Journal). It also sees to it that the \nadded value deriving from the network effect and the know-how built up at \nCommunity level are redistributed and made available to all interested \nparties, including in the Community's less-favoured or outlying regions. 9. 2. 1 Cost \n\nActing on a proposal from the Commission, the Council adopted on \n28 July 1989 the multiannual programme to support the development of SMEs. The Council decided on 18 June 1991 to revise the programme, adding an extra \nbudget of ECU 25 million to the ECU 110 million already deemed necessary for \nthe period 1990-93. The new programme designed to ensure the continuity of policy for \nenterprise, and in particular SMEs, in the Community is proposed for the \nperiod 1994-97 and benefits from the experience gained during the previous \nprogramme. These assessments are also mentioned in the evaluation report \nand covered by the Commission's comments thereon. The following details can be given on the various measures (the figures to \neach old and new measure are given in the table in point 7. 2): \n\n- 7 -\n\n- measures specifically targeted at growth areas: \n\n1. craft industry and small firms: \n\n- support for the craft industry - implementation of measures in \n\naccordance with the Council guidelines of 18 June 1991; \n\n2. distributive enterprises: \n\n- Europeanization of distribution structures and promotion of the> \nintroduction of new technologies which will benefit SMEs and \ndistributive enterprises; \n\n3. cooperatives, mutual societies and non-profit-making associations \n\nand foundations; \n\n- promoting a more favourable financial environment; \n\n- monitoring and evaluation of policy: \n\n1. European observatory for SMEs based on the networking of bodies \nspecializing in the SME field and supported by statistical tools \ndeveloped by the Statistical Office of the European Communities to \nsupply the quantitative and qualitative data which firms need. The \nnetwork will draw on a basis composed of studies, publications, \nseminars and conferences; \n\n2. evaluation of policy and existing schemes. 9. 2. 2 Spin-off effects \n\nThe main spin-off effect, in addition to continuity of policy, will be to \nmake enterprises more competitive, in particular through: \n\n- greater \n\nopportunities \ninternationalize their operations; \ndevelopment of the network effect; \nlower costs, particularly for pilot schemes; \n\nbusinesses \n\nfor \n\nto \n\nEuropeanize \n\nand \n\n- positive effects on growth and the economy in general; \n\npositive effects on employment and the entire package of measures \nenabling SMEs to grasp the new opportunities offered by completion of \nthe internal market and relations with non-member countries. 9. 2. 3 Multiplier effects \n\n- 8 -\n\nThe planned measures graft a European dimension onto existing services \nprovided by national partners. Planned expenditure from the Community \nbudget will consequently generate considerable investment by public and \nprivate partners, thus exerting a significant catalytic effect and bringing \nabout lasting structural change. As far as measures relating to the distributive trades are concerned, \nexperience in 1991 has shown that a contribution of some 25% by the \nCommission suffices to prompt the sector to put up the remainder of the \nnecessary finance. The multiplier effect can thus easily be as high as \n400%. Although it is desirable for the Commission to aim for a large multiplier \neffect, this should not be the only deciding factor in the choice of its \naction. The limitations of such an approach are amply demonstrated by the \nCommission's low level of financial support for the EIC network: a number \nof host structures have decided to close down their Euro-Info-Centre on the \ngrounds that their share of the costs was too large and the Commission's \ntoo small. 9. 3 \n\nEvaluation \n\n- Performance indicators selected: \n\nResults will be evaluated by regular monitoring based on in-house checks \nand expert assessments by outside specialists where necessary. The cost of many of the measures taken is very moderate in relation to the \nmarket, as noted at certain points in the evaluation report. - Details and frequency of planned evaluation: \n\nAnnual evaluation on an institutional basis (annual report provided for by \nArticle 6 of the proposed Decision). This proposal is based on the \nevaluation report submitted by outside experts and transmitted by the \nCommission to the European Parliament and the Council in accordance with \nArticle 3 of the Council Decision of 18 June 1991. ISSN 0254-1475 \n\nCOM (92) 470 final \n\nDOCUMENTS \n\nEN \n\n10 \n\nCatalogue number : CB-CO-92-585-EN-C \n\nISBN 92-77-50844-2 \n\nOffice for Official Publications of the European Communities \n\nL-2985 Luxembourg"}
+{"cellarURIs": "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/ccd7173e-0952-4239-aeb4-a4984ed0950e", "title": "Proposal for a Council Decision on a multiannual programme (1994 to 1997) of Community measures to ensure the continuity of policy for enterprise, in particular SMEs, inthe Community", "langIdentifier": "ENG", "mtypes": "pdf,pdfa1b,print", "workTypes": "http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#act_preparatory,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#proposal_act,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#proposal_other,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#resource_legal,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#work", "authors": "European Commission", "date": "1993-01-13", "subjects": "EU programme,aid to undertakings,business policy,reflation,small and medium-sized enterprises", "workIds": "celex:51992PC0470(02),comnat:COM_1992_0470(02)_FIN,oj:JOC_1993_030_R_0010_01", "eurovoc_concepts": ["EU programme", "aid to undertakings", "business policy", "reflation", "small and medium-sized enterprises"], "url": "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/ccd7173e-0952-4239-aeb4-a4984ed0950e", "lang": "eng", "formats": ["pdf", "pdfa1b", "print"], "text": "COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN C\u0152fYlUNITIES \n\nCOM(92) 470 final \n\nBrussels, 13 January 1993 \n\nTHE ENTERPRISE DIMENSION \n\nESSENTIAL TO COMMUNITY GROWTH \n\nCommunity measures to intensify and to ensure the \ncontinuity of a policy for enterprise, in particular SMEs, in \nthe Community \n\nPROPOSAL FOR A \n\nCOUNCIL DECISION \n\non a multiannual programme (1993-96) of Community measures to intensify \nthe priority areas of policy for enterprise, in particular SMEs, in the \nCommunity \n\n(presented. by the Commission) \n\nPROPOSAL FOR A \nCOUNCIL DECISION \n\non a multiannual programme (1994-97) of Community measures to ensure the \ncontinuity of policy for enterprise, in particular SMEs, in the Community \n\n(presented by the Commission) \n\n94 \n\nt \n\nAH \n\n\fTHE ENTERPRISE DIMENSION ESSENTIAL TO \nCOMMUNITY GROWTH \n\nEXPLORATORY MEMORANDUM \n\nINTENSIFICATION OF PRIORITY ENTERPRISE \nPOLICY MEASURES IN ORDER TO STIMULATE \nGROWTH IN THE COMMUNITY \n\nI. OBTECTIVES \n\nII. PRIORITY AREAS FOR INTENSIFICATION \n\nA) \n\nB) \n\nC) \n\nDEVELOPMENT OF EURO-INFO-CENTRES TO \nFACILITATE \nCOMMUNITY \nINFORMATION \n\nACCESS \n\nTO \n\nDEVELOPMENT OF NON-CONFIDENTIAL AND \nCONFIDENTIAL PARTNER-SEARCH NETWORKS -\nBRE and BC-NET \n\nSTEPPING UP ACTIVITIES TO PUT BUSINESSMEN \nIN DIRECT CONTACT WITH ONE ANOTHER \nAND \nUNDER \nINTERPRISE PROGRAMME AND PROMOTING \nCROSS-BORDER SUBCONTRACTING \n\nEUROPARTENARIAT \n\nTHE \n\nD) \n\nIMPROVING THE ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL \nENVIRONMENT OF ENTERPRISES \n\nE) \n\nPROMOTING COMMUNITY INSTRUMENTS \n\nIII. CONCLUSION \n\n\fENSURING THE CONTINUITY OF A POLICY FOR \nENTERPRISE, IN PARTICULAR SMEs, IN THE \nCOMMUNITY \n\nI. OBJECTIVES \n\nII. MEASURES TO ENSURE THE CONTINUITY OF \n\nENTERPRISE POLICY \n\nA) \n\nMEASURES AIMED MORE PARTICULARLY AT \nAREAS UNDER DEVELOPMENT \n\nSmall firms and craft businesses \nThe distributive sector \nCooperatives, mutual \nassociations and foundations \n\nsocieties, \n\nnon-profit \n\nB) \n\nC) \n\nENCOURAGING AN \nENVIRONMENT \n\nIMPROVED \n\nFINANCIAL \n\nOBSERVATION AND EVALUATION OF THE \nPOLICY \n\nEuropean SME observatory \nImproving statistics on SMEs \nEvaluation of existing policy and measures \n\nIII. CONCLUSION \n\nPROPOSALS FOR DECISIONS \n\n1. Proposal for a Council Decision on a multiannual \nto \nprogramme \nintensify the priority areas of policy for enterprise, in \nparticular SMEs, in the Community \n\n(1993-96) of Community measures \n\n2. Proposal for a Council Decision on a multiannual \nto \nin \n\n(1994-97) of Community measures \nthe continuity of policy for enterprise, \n\nprogramme \nensure \nparticular SMEs, in the Community \n\n\fEXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM \n\nIn Edinburgh on 11-12 December 1992, the European Council, endorsing the \nguidelines put forward by the Commission, agreed action on a wide scale to \nsupport growth in the Community. The Declaration on Promoting Economic Recovery in Europe (1) states that: \n\"Recognizing the importance of SMEs for creating employment and stimulating \ngrowth, the European Council called upon the Council and the Commission to \nensure that the burdens from Community legislation on small and medium-\nsized enterprises are reduced (including through the use of simplified \nschemes and exemption limits in the field of indirect taxation) and that full \ninformation about Community support is provided to SMEs. It asked the \nCommission to accelerate the actions in favour of SMEs which have proven \ntheir worth at the Community level\". SMEs account for a major share of GDP, employment and regional \ndevelopment in the Community, and thus make a significant contribution to its \neconomy (2). The current crisis of confidence and the economic difficulties now afflicting \nCommunity action (3) nevertheless underline the soundness of the analysis \nunderlying the launch of an enterprise policy, and also of the measures taken \nsince. The need to intensify and continue the policy has now been recognized \nand a priority part of it has been made central to the recovery and expansion \nof the Community economy. In this context, in order to restore the confidence of businessmen and hence \nstimulate their involvement in the economic process, it is essential to maintain \nthe indivisibility of the enterprise policy framework. The objective of reviving \ngrowth justifies anticipating and increasing the Community's effort with regard \nto priority measures capable of mobilizing enterprises to achieve the recovery \nobjective. (1) European Council, Edinburgh, 11-12 December 1992, Conclusions of the Presidency, \n\nAnnex 4 to part A, point 8 \n\n(2) According to the second Commission report \"Enterprises in Europe\", of the 11. 6 million \nenterprises surveyed in 1988, 96. 3% had less than 20 employees, 3. 4% between 20 and 200 \nemployees and less than 0. 2% had between 200 and 500 employees, accounting overall for \n70. 2% of employment in the EEC; the proportion varies across the different regions of the \nCommunity. ISBN-92826-4609-2. (3) There has been a marked deterioration in short-term economic prospects. The lowering of \ngrowth forecasts in relation to those made in spring 1992 (1% growth now probable in \n1993 as against 1. 7% previously) is an indication of a worsening in the economic situation \neven greater than expected (the threshold of 10% unemployment will probably be passed), \nwith a longer timescale for recovery. This latter may be due to a number of factors, in \nparticular the loss of competitiveness of some products on external markets due to the \nappreciation of certain currencies and especially, according to periodic surveys, a marked \ncrisis in consumer and business confidence. - 2-\n\nTo mobilize businessmen in the short term, it is essential to hold up the long \nterm prospects which the Community intends to provide in support of the \nsteady expansion of enterprises, and in particular of SMEs. The need for \nlonger-term action is the reason why a proposal for a decision has been put \nforward which identifies the instruments and areas which will ensure the \ncontinuity of enterprise policy. The co-existence within the unitary framework of enterprise policy of two \nproposals for decisions, each with its own value added, should make it \npossible to optimize the macro- and micro economic effects of the enterprise \ndimension. A degree of balance between these two aspects of enterprise policy is necessary \nto ensure that action to restore business confidence in a depressed economy \ndoes not jeopardize the credibility of Community action by neglecting the need \nto tackle long-term structural change. This programme in favour of enterprises therefore seeks to reinforce \nimmediately those areas for priority action which could provide an immediate \nresponse to the needs for enterprises to adapt in a period of uncertainty. It will \nalso have to ensure the continuity of supporting measures, whether of a \ngeneral nature or in favour of specific categories of enterprises, in order to \navoid merely shifting in time or from one business category to another the \ntendency \ntowards negative expectations whose effect on economic \ndevelopment is clearly seen today. The general economic situation calls for a special effort where enterprises are \nconcerned, which must supplement the substantial activity carried out in their \nregard for several years, designed to ensure the thorough involvement of \nenterprises, especially small and medium-sized ones, in a Community \neconomy and society in full evolution. - 3-\n\nINTENSIFICATION OF PRIORITY ENTERPRISE POLICY MEASURES IN \nORDER TO STIMULATE GROWTH IN THE COMMUNITY \n(1993-1996) \n\n\fINTENSIFICATION OF PRIORITY ENTERPRISE POLICY MEASURES IN \nORDER TO STIMULATE GROWTH IN THE COMMUNITY \n\nI. OBJECTIVES \n\nIn order to ensure that Community enterprise policy involves a significant \nvalue added element and enables it to contribute to economic revival, the \nactions most closely geared to the situation of enterprises must be greatly \ndeveloped and the interaction of instruments intensified. A major objective is to allow enterprises - beyond the necessary structural \nchanges and greater competition - to seize the opportunities provided by the \nnew dimension of the internal market. In the context of the Europeanisation of enterprises, the direct effect of \nstrengthening instruments is therefore a crucial factor for growth. It must be \nbased both on the information and cooperation networks set up and on the \npromotion of existing Community instruments, particularly the strengthening \nof technological potential, and must also promote the adaptation of the \nadministrative and legal environment to the development of business initiative. As part of increasing internationalization, as regards both business strategy and \nthe growing importance of partnership in industrial and technical cooperation, \nfull account should be taken of the importance of external relations with non-\nCommunity countries as markets are rapidly opening up. Networks and instruments should thus continue to be expanded to non-\nCommunity countries, in line with the priorities of external affairs and \ndevelopment policy. The aim is the mutual one of creating the best possible \nconditions for contact between Community and third-country businesses, on \nthe basis of know-how already tested at Community level, provided the proper \nfunctioning of instruments is not thereby jeopardized. Against this background, the instruments and measures developed to help \nSMEs should be directed, by way of priority, at the new European Economic \nArea, bringing in the EFTA countries, and also the countries of eastern and \ncentral Europe. Measures should be developed in complementarity with those \nprovided for in the Community's various trade and development agreements, \nand in other assistance and cooperation programmes. The selection of the priority areas of enterprise policy to be reinforced with a \nview to economic recovery takes into consideration the results of the \nevaluation of the 1990-93 programme being carried out pursuant to Decision \n91/319/EEC (4). The evaluation recognized the soundness of the measures \nand their capacity to fulfil the tasks set for them, especially their relay effect in \ngetting Community objectives across to firms. This why it has been decided \nthat the priority areas advanced are those best able, once the resources at their \ndisposal are increased, to sustain a process of reviving enterprises' activity. (4) Comments by the Commission on the Deloitte & Touche Report on the evaluation of the \n\nCommunity's enterprise policy, SEC(92) 1999 of 11 november 1992. - 5-\n\nII. PRIORITY AREAS FOR INTENSIFICATION \n\nA) \n\nDEVELOPMENT OF EURO-INFO-CENTRES TO FACILITATE ACCESS \nTO COMMUNITY INFORMATION \n\nInformation is one of the main factors contributing to the development \n1. and EuropeanLzation of businesses, and the Commission will endeavour to \nachieve maximum synergy between all \nintermediaries \navailable to businesses. information \n\nthe \n\nThe main priority is therefore given to reinforcing and developing \nEuro Info Centres (EIC) network. the \n\nTailored to the needs of businesses, the Euro Info Centres network plays a \ndual role, both upstream and downstream of the Commission administration: \n\ndownstream, by disseminating \naffairs \nextremely widely through the many relay points branching out from the \n210 EICs; \n\ninformation on Community \n\nupstream, by stimulating highly valuable feedback on \neconomic climate in which businesses are operating. the \n\nregional \n\nThis information is available to all members of the network and will become \nincreasingly important as the different regions take a greater share of the trade \ngenerated by completion of the internal market. Certain specializations, duly identified and encouraged by the networks's \ncentral unit, help to increase the added value of the network as a whole \nthrough the dissemination of increasingly operational information and the \npreparation of integrated information packages. The EICs also provide practical information and assistance for firms wishing \ndirectly to exploit the opportunities offered by Community programmes and \nincreasingly open public procurement. The EIC network thus emerges as a highly effective diversified, multifunctional \nCommunity instrument- with a high added value - providing enterprises with \nsmall-business organizations, whose \ninformation \nEuropean activities it helps to stimulate. through decentralized \n\nIn view of the foregoing, both the structure of the network and the nature \n2. of the information provided need to be adjusted in a climate of broad dialogue \nwhich must enable businessmen to establish strategies quickly in connection \nwith the effective functioning of the large single market. With this in mind, the following matters will be proposed: \n\nadjusting the composition of the network so as to take greater account of \nexisting specialized networks (specializing by size of business -craft \nindustry - or by sector) and granting further requests to join the network \nfrom decentralized relays currently operating as subnetworks; \n\nsetting up new correspondence centres outside the Community, to take \ninto account the needs of firms wishing to internationalize their \noperations; \n\nspeeding up the process of making available reliable information targeted \nto their real needs of businesses in the context of the single market, in \nparticular in the form of integrated information products, of the database \ntype; \n\nas part of the financing of EICs, partial Commission funding of \ndecentralized promotion work and database consultation to boost network \neffectiveness; the latter financing formula would replace the arrangement \nwhereby free access is granted to Community databases only, a system \nwhich is to be phased out. The Commission's contribution would be \nconditional on the EICs achieving precise objectives, especially in \npenetration local business life. B) \n\nDEVELOPMENT OF NON-CONFIDENTIAL AND CONFIDENTIAL \nPARTNER-SEARCH NETWORKS - BRE and BC-NET \n\n3. The strategy of joint development of the two partner-search instruments \n(BRE and BC-NET) will take account of the different aspects of the quality-\nimproving approach supported by the Council from 1991, when it revised \nDecision 89/490/EEC, and of more recent factors resulting from the internal \nand external evaluation of the measures in this field: \n\nawareness measures and training for the business advisers belonging to \nthese two networks will reflect the observed evolution towards greater \ninterest in technological, financial and marketing cooperation; \n\ncooperation between the partner-search instruments (BRE and BC-NET) \nand other decentralized networks will be encouraged making it possible to \nprovide a service closer to enterprises'needs: e. g. the BRE and BC-NET \nnetworks could flank initiatives of the Interprise type upstream and \ndownstream; the networks will also seek appropriate forms of cooperation \nwith business organizations, chambers of commerce and industry and \nchambers of trade so as to increase the network effect of the instruments \nand make them more effective. - 7-\n\n4. The BUSINESS COOPERATION CENTRE \nin non-confidential \nsearches for business partners and enables firms to be approached direct via \nthe network of local correspondents in all Member States and in certain third \ncountries. (BRE) specializes \n\nThe development of the BRE will be continued in accordance with the \napproach of recent years, in particular: \n\nBRE's scope will be extended by increasing the number of correspondents \ninside and outside the Community; \n\nthe quality of service will be improved by increasing the professionalism of \nthe network correspondents; \n\nthe intensification of cooperation between members of the network will be \nsupported. The BRE network should also remain a simple and flexible system to use, since \nthese are extremely important factors in making it accessible to the greatest \nnumber and in winning the esteem of correspondents and businesses alike. Thus, a number of operational improvements will be made: \n\nto identify more clearly the types of cooperation sought and the aims \npursued, such as the gradual merger of EIC Conferences with the BRE \n\nto improve the instrument itself, notably by shortening file processing \ntimes in the central unit for managing the network. 5. BUSINESS COOPERATION NETWORK (BC-NET), a large network specializing in \nconfidential searches for business partners, will step up the drive for quality \nand productivity by focusing on the following points: \n\nproviding stronger support for network members, in terms of training and \ncomputerization in particular, so that business advisers are able to give \npriority to the preliminary information-gathering phase and facilitate \ncontacts between potential partners by giving businessmen an insight into \nnew market opportunities; \n\nstepping up monitoring activities on the basis of regular reporting so that \nresults can be assessed more closely in terms of agreements concluded \nand the necessary adjustments can be made to the nomenclatures, the \ncomputer system and the management of subnetworks; \n\nintroducing and gradually adjusting charges for the service to help not \nonly to reduce public expenditure, but also to help raise the quality of the \nservice by making the network more homogeneous \nin terms of its \npreparation and follow-up capacity; after an initial phase in which a charge \nwould be made for each cooperation profile, the possibility will be \ndiscussed with the advisers of changing over to a system of flat-rate annual \ncharges, in the light of market conditions; \n\nin \nthe development of synergies with other Community measures, \nimprovement of \nthose already begun on \nparticular following \ncooperation \nfield of human resources and research and \nthe \ndevelopment - especially the better use of research results, and in close \nconnection with other Community programmes, such as those for the \nfinancing of SMEs and public procurement. the \n\nin \n\n\f-8 \n\nC) \n\nSTEPPING UP ACTIVITIES TO PUT BUSINESSMEN IN DIRECT \nCONTACT WITH ONE ANOTHER UNDER THE EUROPARTENARIAT \nAND INTERPRISE PROGRAMME AND PROMOTING CROSS-BORDER \nSUBCONTRACTING \n\n6. The EURQPARTENARIAT programme will continue to pursue the twin \nobjectives of business expansion and regional development. On the basis of the results of the internal evaluation currently being carried \nout, the Commission will endeavour to promote better preparation of \nenterprises and better follow-up of results in cooperation with national bodies. An effort will be made to ensure the balanced participation of firms in the \nCommunity, in neighbouring European countries and in the Mediterranean \ncountries. The structural impact of the events will be stepped up and special attention \npaid to the existence in the region concerned of organizations that can provide \nfollow-up. Europartenariats have so far chiefly concerned Objective 1 regions and this \npriority will be maintained. It will, however, be necessary to see that they are \nextended to the Objective 2 and 5(b) regions. INTERPRISE programme has also attracted strong support \n\n7. The \nfrom \nbusinesses, public bodies, trade associations and chambers of commerce, \ntrade, etc. Support should continue to be given to sectoral or intersectoral meetings of \nthis type and in particular to schemes promoting cooperation within and \nbeyond the Community on priority topics such as the process of privatization, \nin which the position and role of SMEs should be strengthened. Furthermore, to ensure interaction between programmes, Interprise meetings \ncould follow Europartenariats reasonably closely, in order to benefit from all \nthe contacts initiated during the main event, in close coordination with other \nexisting instruments (technology transfer days and investment forums - Sprint). 8. Efforts to build up PARTNERSHIP WITH BUSINESSES OUTSIDE THE COMMUNITY follow a \nsimilar approach to the one for those within it. Since the aim is to encourage businesses in Member States and third countries \nto cooperate, the necessary finance will be drawn mainly from programmes \ndeveloped as part of the Community's external relations policy. An initial project of this type has been run with Tunisia and has confirmed the \nsoundness of the approach. On this basis, a multiannual pilot programme \n(Med Invest) is being prepared for the Mediterranean countries. Against such a background, the Interprise programme should continue to be \nopened up \nits \nEuropeanization and internationalization objectives. in conjunction with \n\nthird countries \n\nto businesses \n\nin \n\n\f- 9-\n\n9. In CROSS-BORDER SUBCONTRACTING, account has to be taken of the rapid and \nfar-reaching changes that are affecting the sectors concerned. The \"total quality\" approach is now a key factor in competitiveness, which \ndepends not only on product quality but also on management principles \ndesigned to reduce malfunctions in the production process. Clearly, the \nrequisite standard of quality must be achieved by all the links in the chain. Consequently, many main contractors are now \ncooperation \nagreements with subcontractors in order to bring them up to the same \nstandard of quality. Stocks having been reduced through just-in-time delivery, \nmanagement is now being taken into account as a factor contributing to \ncompetitiveness. signing \n\nThese trends call for action to stimulate partnership on a longer-term basis \nbetween large firms and SMEs in order to guarantee product and service \nquality over time. In this context, Community action should continue to facilitate the emergence \nof a European market in subcontracting by: \n\nimproving knowledge of the legal situation and economic importance of \nsubcontracting, even in sectors that are still fairly effectively walled off; \n\npromoting the harmonization of auditing and certification procedures with \na view to arriving at comparable quality standards enabling mutual \nrecognition agreements to be concluded; in general, such action should \ngive preference to mutual recognition agreements entered into on a \nvoluntary basis; \n\ncreating a genuine Europe-wide subcontracting network will facilitate \ncross-border contacts and exchanges of experience between \ntrade \nassociations; this is especially important for the competitiveness of the \nEuropean economy, particularly in such key sectors as motor vehicles and \nelectronics, for which pilot projects will be proposed to speed up the \nadjustment process. 10. Measures to stimulate and back up cooperation between businesses will \nalso be maintained. This is because, although a large number of Community \nfirms already generate a proportion of their turnover outside their home \ncountry, notable differences do exist between sectors and regions in the \nCommunity. It is therefore essential to bear these sectoral and geographical \nfactors in mind when adapting and diversifying the action to be taken, so as to \nstimulate the sectors in greatest need and thus contribute to efforts to boost \nactivity. Likewise, there is no doubt that a firm's size is a factor in determining whether \nit is able to engage in cross-border cooperation and whether it stands to \nbenefit. Special attention should therefore be devoted to the difficult situation \nof small firms and craft businesses as part of the single approach to enterprise \npolicy. - 10 \n\nD) \n\nIMPROVING THE ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL ENVIRONMENT OF \nENTERPRISES \n\n11. Given the likely acceleration in the completion of the internal market, a \nfavourable business environment is increasingly important, especially for \nSMEs, and will require increased Community action. The new business environment will \nimpose new responsibilities on \nCommunity institutions and national authorities as regards transparency, \nsupervision and partnership. In March 1992 the Commission set up a group to \nlook at these problems and make proposals to the Commission. The group's report (5) was received on 27 October and the Commission has \nformulated an initial response \nin \nEdinburgh. This will form the background for the Commission's proposals to \nmake the Community business environment simpler and more transparent. (6) ahead of the European Council \n\n12. With this in mind, the Commission has already published two reports on \nadministrative simplification to help businesses, and especially SMEs, in the \nCommunity (7). In view of the conclusions of the second report, it intends, in \ncollaboration with the Member States, to increase the future impact of this \nwork by wider circulation of the information gathered and by encouraging \nfollow-up measures in the Member States. Joint studies bringing together the \nMember States and the Commission should enable progress to be made in \nperfecting existing simplification techniques, e. g. in terms of cost-benefit \nanalysis. It is also important to ensure that all decision-makers are more aware of the \nobjectives and techniques of simplification. The Member States should \ntherefore be working towards the same goal as the Commission, as suggested \nby Council Resolution of 24 November 1992 (8). 13. The incorporation into the Community's decision-making process of a \nphase of assessment of the impact on enterprises of proposed measures must \nremain a key element of the Community mechanism for improving the \nbusiness environment. Impact assessment, based on the assessment form, will \nrequire improvement along the lines indicated in the second report on \nadministrative simplification recently adopted by the Commission. The impact assessment system is still relatively new and a considerable amount \nof Community legislation predates it. The Commission has stated that, in the \npreamble to future proposals for legislation, it will set out the reasons for the \nlegislation it is putting forward in the light of the principle of subsidiarity. It \nwill also be re-examining some Community rules so as to bring them into line \nwith that principle. The Member States too might undertake action along the \nsame lines at national, regional and local level. (5) The Internal Market After 1992: Meeting the Challenge, SEC(92) 2044, 29 October 1992. (6) SEC(92) 2277, 26 November 1992. (7) SEC(89) 726, 19 June 1989 and SEC(92) 1867, 27 October 1992. (8) Council Resolution on administrative simplification, yet to be published in the Official \n\nJournal. - 1 1-\n\nThis exercise should cover not only Community legislation proper, but also a \nnumber of procedures associated with Community measures, such as \nformalities to be complied with. The task will be to collect information on the \nimpact on enterprises of existing Community legislation in the light of the \nexperience gained when it was implemented and, where necessary, to make \nproposals for reducing the administrative burden (9). 14. Finally, greater efforts will have to be made to coordinate activities under \nthe Community's enterprise policy and the various Community programmes \nwhich could benefit SMEs, without jeopardizing the objectives of each of the \npolicies concerned. This should be accompanied by a strengthening of cooperation with the \nMember States as regards all the initiatives pursued in addition to those \nexisting in some Member States or which are likely to be taken up by public or \nprivate intermediaries. Priority should also be given to intensifying and improving the quality of \nconsultations organized with the trade bodies concerned. Regular meetings \nwill be organized in future and will, as far as possible, involve other \nCommission departments; this forum should put greater weight on dialogue \nand conciliation so that, on the one hand, die measures envisaged by the \nCommission can be made known and, on the other, information can be \nobtained in return concerning the entrepreneurial sensibilities which should \nbe taken into account at Community level. To this end, certain initiatives already in progress could be maintained with a \nview to the increased Europeanization of businesses. Support could be given, \nfor example, to improving the representation of SMEs at European level to \nfacilitate relations with European standardization bodies. 15. In future, increasing attention will have to be paid to the practical obstacles \nSMEs still have to cope with, if they are to make the most of the single internal \nmarket. For example, the increase in cross-border trade will inevitably lead to \na proliferation of litigation between nationals of different Member States. Here \nit might be useful, in line with the report on \"The internal market after 1992: \nmeeting the challenge\" (10), to think in depth about how to help simplify the \nformalities governing the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of \narbitration awards. E) \n\nPROMOTING COMMUNITY INSTRUMENTS \n\n16. Businesses are faced with a new rules stemming in particular from the \nchange in the regulatory environment alongside the creation of the single \nmarket. (9) SEC(92)1867, 27 October 1992. (10) see note 5 \n\n\f- 12 \n\nTo encourage their development in this new environment, the Community has \nalready implemented a series of appropriate Community programmes and \ninstruments. It is now up to businesses to take initiatives enabling them to seize these \nopportunities, thus contributing to efforts to boost the economy. However, the \navailability of Community programmes \ninstruments must be \ncomplemented by an increased communication and promotion effort and by \nspecific business-stimulation measures. and \n\nThe Community's communication measures will be maintained and enhanced \non the basis of experience with the promotion campaign carried out in 1992 \nand the mobilization brought about by the European business week in March \n1992. for \n\nthis \n\nincreased effort will be \n\nthe \n17. One priority \ntechnological potential of SMEs. This will involve widening SME participation \nin Community research programmes and \nimproving access by such \nenterprises to the results of Community research. With this in view, the \nCommission will see that initiatives are properly coordinated, in compliance \nwith the objectives for each programmes, wether these have a horizontal \npurpose or are intended for specific fields. to strengthen \n\nIndependent SMEs must take a greater part in the Community's research and \ntechnological development programmes if they are to have a fair chance \nalongside large firms in the race to improve international competitiveness and \nif they are to be better able to integrate the results of research and innovation \ninto their growth strategies. Close coordination will be ensured with measures to be taken under, for \nexample, the fourth framework programme for research and technological \ndevelopment (11). A considerable portion of the funds allocated to the promotion of Community \ninstruments will be dedicated to the extension to other specific R&D \nprogrammes of the feasibility premiums successfully tried out in the context of \nBrite/Euram (1987-91). Also financed will be the extension of the Craft pilot project, currently being \ncarried out, to new research topics and new fields of technology. Existing measures under Value and Sprint should be continued and \nencouraged. Specifically, Value relay centres could be set up alongside certain \nEuro Info Centres to provide additional synergy. The potential of BC-Net could \nalso be exploited for the purpose. Considerable efforts must also continue to enable firms, and particularly \nSMEs, to make full use of the results of research and technological \ndevelopment work in the different fields covered. The seed capital pilot \nscheme has indeed contributed to the exploitation of technological potential, \ngiven that nearly three quarters of investments already implemented have \nrelated to innovation and technological development and the trend is towards \nan increase in this proportion. This measure will be strengthened in the period \n1993-96. (11) COM(92) 406, 9 October 1992. - 13 \n\nIn addition to the measures provides for under the 3rd and 4th framework \nprogrammes in the field of R&DT, and in coordination with them, the \nfollowing lines of action will be developed: \n\ninforming SMEs more effectively; \nsimplifying procedures for submitting research projects; \nevaluating the results of research activities involving SMEs; \naccompanying measures to the setting-up of research projects by means of \nappropriate financial mechanisms \n\n18. The method applied by EURQMANAGEMENT, which is to select a number of \nspecialist consultants throughout the Community who then carry out an audit \nand advise businesses, has been used for the first time in the area of research \nand technological development. An evaluation is currently being made. If it \nturns out to be positive, the Community will work towards this approach being \nincorporated into the Member States' own programmes, if necessary by \nmaking an initial financial contribution. The same method might in future be adopted in other areas, to the extent that \nit is a sound instrument for spreading and supporting the use by enterprises of \nCommunity programmes and instruments. III. CONCLUSION \n\nIn view of the deterioration in short-term economic prospects, and of the \nincreasingly complex mechanisms which make up the business environment, \nthe Commission must attach particular importance to supporting, and indeed \nrestoring, the confidence of enterprises, a vital effort in generating the growth \nneeded for the successful implementation of the internal market programme. It is desirable, therefore, that any measure which is capable of curbing or \nreversing negative expectations on the part of businessmen should be \nhighlighted and implemented as quickly as possible. The measures identified in this document have proved their value with regard \nto informing and supporting enterprises in their attempts to gain access to the \ninternal market, and on expanded markets. The intensification proposed here \nmakes it possible, therefore, not only to boost support for growth but to \nprovide those elements of permanence which enterprise policy needs. 1 4-\n\nENSURING THE CONTINUITY OF A POLICY FOR ENTERPRISE, IN \nPARTICULAR SMEs, IN THE COMMUNITY \n(1994-1997) \n\n\f- 1 5-\n\nENSURING THE CONTINUITY OF A POLICY FOR ENTERPRISE, IN \nPARTICULAR SMEs, IN THE COMMUNITY \n\nI. OBJECTIVES \n\nEnterprise policy, particularly that in favour of SMEs, which, as underlined by \nthe Council resolution of 17 June 1992 (12), is an established part of \nCommunity action, could be a key element of the strategy of restoring both the \ncredibility of Community policy and business confidence. The continued existence of these needs is explained by the fact that many \nenterprises, particularly SMEs, are still not able to participate fully in an \nintegrated market and to take advantage of the opportunities that the \ncompletion of the internal market offers at this stage, thus heightening the \nuncertainty and negative expectations of enterprises. A great deal more has to \nbe done therefore to restore business confidence. Of enterprises wishing to, or with the potential \nto, Europeanize or \ninternationalize their operations, there are still too few SMEs which have \nanticipated the completion of the internal market and have thus implemented \nstrategies to deal with the progressive globalization of markets (13). Participating in a process of globalization of markets represents an alternative \nstrategy, requiring different analytical instruments and forms bf action, the \navailability of which depends on the enterprise's size, sector and location and \non the existence of associated services. The Community therefore has a major role to play in providing enterprises \nwith instruments for understanding and analysing the changing economic and \nsocial realities in Europe and in the world, as well as specific and direct back \nup to help enterprises achieve their full potential. By providing added value to instruments already existing at national or \nregional level, the Community can make a significant contribution to the \nEuropeanization and internationalization of enterprises, as shown by the \nevaluation report on enterprise policy (14). In so doing, the Community may \nact to improve competitiveness by providing administrations and businesses in \nMember States with the capacity to analyse and understand situations at \nCommunity or indeed European level, with support for coordination of \npolicies and with a capability for experimenting with specific tools and \ninstruments, in particular to assist sectors undergoing development such as the \ncraft industry, the distributive sector, cooperatives, mutual societies and non \nprofit-making associations and foundations. (12)OJn\u00b0L178ofl5. 792 \n(13) European economy and social Europe, Special number 1990 ISBN 92-826-1819-6. (14) Comments by the Commission on the Deloitte and Touche report on the evaluation of the \n\nCommunity's enterprise policy, SEC(92)1999 of 11 November 1992. - 1 6-\n\nII. MEASURES TO ENSURE THE CONTINUITY OF ENTERPRISE POLICY \n\nA) \n\nMEASURES AIMED MORE PARTICULARLY AT AREAS UNDER \nDEVELOPMENT \n\n1. The horizontal nature of enterprise policy means that all types of small, \nmedium-sized and large enterprise, whether in manufacturing or in services, \nare concerned. The 1990-93 action programme \nincluded \ncooperatives, mutual societies and non-profit-making associations; it also \nenabled a pilot scheme to be funded for SMEs in the distributive sector. specifically \n\nThe Community will ensure the continuity of these specific measures flanking \nits enterprise policy. SMALL FIRMS AND CRAFT BUSINESSES \n\n2. Small businesses, craft businesses and artistic enterprises are nearly five \nmillion in number and account for some twenty million people. They should \nbe able to benefit, in the same way as larger enterprises, from the positive \nimpact of completion of the internal market both in terms of developing their \nworking methods and skills and in marketing their products. However, a number of enterprises of this type are still at a disadvantage faced \nwith the reality of the internal market and the internationalization of the \neconomy. They therefore tend to approach the necessary adjustments from the \nviewpoint of resistance to increased competition rather than by implementing \na strategy of global response to the challenges and opportunities which the \nsingle market presents. In the light of the outcome of the Avignon conference (15) and after wide-\nranging discussions with the parties concerned, the gradual implementation of \na number of measures has been embarked upon aimed at slowly bringing \nthese enterprises closer to all of the activities pursued by the Community as a \npreliminary to their involvement in the Community's mechanisms. The suitability of this approach was acknowledged by the Economic and Social \nCommittee, which, in the recently adopted own initiative report (16), makes a \nlarge number of additional requests. The Commission proposes that the \nfollowing, inter alia, be taken up: \n\ndeveloping mutual awareness among small firms and craft enterprises, \nparticularly by improving the access to information and cooperation \nbetween the bodies representing them; \n\nimproving access to new technologies through greater participation in \nR&D programmes and support for innovation transfer; \n\n(15) Record of the first European craft industry coinference, CEC-DGXXIII \n(16) OJ [pending]; the Deloitte & Touche evaluation report referred to above (see note 14) \n\nalso stressed the importance of specific measures in this field. - 1 7-\n\nimproving support for crossborder cooperation by taking account of the \nspecific situations of the craft industry in frontier regions in policies on \nsubcontracting, the environment and financial markets; \n\nThese new developments in Community action to assist the craft industry will \nalso enable specific measures to be taken as a follow-up to the Avignon \nconference and to the direction outlined by the Council in Decision \n91/319/EEC of 18 June 1991. THE DISTRIBUTIVE SECTOR \n\n3. For enterprises in the distributive sector, the effects of the internal market \nare felt mainly at the supply level, thus reinforcing the strong concentration \ntrends which already exist. The SMEs in this sector are seeking to obtain \ncomparable advantages so that they can defend themselves against these \ntrends, and horizontal grouping]\u00bb are therefore being formed, increasingly \nacross frontiers. One of the bases for this approach, and one of the conditions \nfor its success, is the integration of new technologies in the organization of \ndistributive activities. The ability of an enterprise in the distributive sector to \nmeet consumer demand will depend on its adaptation to advanced information \nand communication systems. Owing to the heterogeneous nature of the management culture in the \ndistributive sector, the SMEs operating in that sector are experiencing major \ndifficulties in making equivalent use of information technologies. The Community has sought to respond to this phenomenon by means of a \nlimited pilot project, which is currently being assessed. Depending on the \nresults of that assessment, a fresh set of stimulation measures might have to be \nenvisaged designed to create cross-border links between distributive firms and \nbetween them and their suppliers through the introduction of new technology. These measures would be in addition to the horizontal measures listed in the \nCommission's work programme, which has been welcomed by the Council \n(17). THE COOPERATIVE, MUTUAL SOCIETIES, NON-PROFIT MAKING ASSOCIATIONS AND \nFOUNDATIONS \n\n4. In the cooperatives, mutual societies, associations and foundations sector, \nentities of widely differing size coexist, many of which are SMEs. They are \ndistinguished by their aims and organizational modes, which call for special \ntreatment. The Commission accordingly adopted on 18 December r991 three proposals \nfor Regulations on the statutes for a European association, for a European \ncooperative society and for a European mutual society (18). (17) Towards a single market in distribution, COM(91) 41, 11. 3-1991, and the Council's \n\nconclusions of 26 June 1992. (18) COM(91) 273, 53-1992. 18-\n\nAs already announced (19), a work programme to support the efforts of these \nbusinesses as they face the changes brought about by the completion of the \nfrontier-free economic area will be implemented with a view to creating an \nenvironment conducive to cross-border cooperation and seeking out new \nactivities between partners grouped together in the single market. B) \n\nENCOURAGING AN IMPROVED FINANCIAL ENVIRONMENT \n\n5. The general effort to improve the business environment is intended to \nfacilitate business start-ups, continued operation and growth. Thus, the \nCommunity has already been able to play an important role as a catalyst in the \narea of business start-ups, a role which it intends to intensify in close \ncollaboration with all parties concerned at national and Community level. Likewise, the conditions governing cross-border business transfers might lead \nto appropriate initiatives being taken in the light of the results of a forthcoming \nEuropean conference currently being organized. 6. At all stages of its development, the enterprise is affected by its financial \nenvironment which in the Community is currently characterized by a decline \nin cash flow together with under-capitalization (especially as compared with \nenterprises in the United States), in particular in SMEs. SME organizations all stress that this should be looked at under the \nCommunity's enterprise policy, and the Council Resolution of 17 June 1992 \ncalled on the Commission to examine the general aspects of financing in the \nproposals it considered it should put to the Council in order to guarantee \ncontinuity in enterprise policy. As part of its growth initiative, the Community has launched the idea of an \ninvestment fund which will comprise a section specifically for SMEs. The task \nof enterprise policy in this context is essentially to examine the general \nconditions of finance for SMEs. 7. Access to finance by borrowing is difficult for many enterprises which are \nnot in a position to give traditional financial organizations sufficient guarantees \nto obtain a loan (fixed assets, personal wealth, reputation, etc. ). One solution to these difficulties which are peculiar to SMEs may lie with \nmutual guarantee companies (20), for which a European association has just \nbeen formed to promote such companies in the Community by means of \ndirect relations between businesses. (19) SEC(89) 2187, 18. 12. 1989. (20) SEC(91) 1550, 5. 9. 1991. - 1 9-\n\nIn order to overcome this guarantee problem in the area of technology, the \n\"Technology Performance Financing\" scheme, which is part of the Sprint \nprogramme, aims to make it easier for SMEs, particularly those in traditional \nindustries, to acquire new technology. In conjunction with the European Investment Bank (EIB), the conditions for \ngranting assistance in providing guarantees to financial intermediaries and \nshares in risk capital for SMEs in assisted regions are also currently being \nstudied. 8. The difficulties which SMEs have in gaining access to external sources of \nfinance lead them to rely heavily on self-financing to secure growth. It is \ntherefore important to examine the measures which may increase SMEs' \ncapacity for self-financing. Taxation can play an important role here. For example, the idea of allowing \none-man businesses to opt to be taxed as companies, as suggested by the \nRuding Committee and taken up in the Commission Communication to the \nCouncil and to Parliament (21), might help businesses not constituted as \ncompanies to become self-financing, corporation tax being lower in most \nMember States than the marginal rate of personal income tax. 9. The difficulties SMEs have in increasing their own capital is also one of the \nclearly identified shortcomings in SME financing. in particular at cross-border \n\nIn certain cases, venture capital can provide a solution to this problem. Its \nimportant \ndevelopment, \nCommunity objective and there are a number of programmes to that end, such \nas Venture Consort and Eurotech Capital, or the cross-border investment \nforums organized by Sprint, where the Council has mandated the Commission \nto take action to strengthen innovation-financing infrastructure and activities \n(22). level, remains an \n\nAs regards seed capital, it should be examined whether the legal and tax \nprovisions applicable to venture capital companies are appropriate for \npromoting cross-border growth in this field. But one of the major problems in venture capital operations, and all the more \nso in seed capital operations, is resale by funds of their own shareholdings, \nwhich can prove difficult due to lack of a sufficiently well-developed securities \nmarket. In most Member States, SMEs still find it difficult to gain access to stock \nmarkets because of the difficulty and the cost of the procedures involved. Secondary markets in the Community remain under-developed. That is why \nconsideration should be given to the advisability and feasibility of promoting \nthe development in Europe of a network of specialist operators in this field. (21) Commission Communication to the Council and to Parliament subsequent to the \nconclusions of the Ruding Committee indicating guidelines on company taxation linked to \nthe further development of the internal market, SEC(92) 1118, 26. 6. 1992. (22) Council Decision 89/286/EEC of 17 April 1989, OJ No L 112, 25. 4. 1989. 20-\n\n10. Practices concerning payment periods in commercial transactions and \npublic procurement are an important factor both in the operation of the \ninternal market and in improving the short-term financing capacity of SMEs, \nwhich in general are creditors in the inter-industrial debt market. This \nnaturally has an adverse impact on their financial situation. That is why the Commission is undertaking extensive consultation of interested \nparties to determine the extent to which this difficulty could be alleviated (23). Any action under the new programme will have to take account of the results \nof this consultation. 11. In addition, the Community is making a direct contribution to solving the \nproblems of SME finance in eligible areas via the structural Funds. Public authorities will have to ensure the greatest possible involvment of both \nside of industry, including SME representatives, in the preparation of, and \nfollow-up to, the projects and programmes jointly financed by the structural \nFunds. 12. It should be remembered that, as far as state aid in concerned, the \nCommission has always regarded aid to SMEs more favourably than aid in \ngeneral (24), and will continue to ensure that aid granted to SMEs does not \ndistort competition. The Commission will also continue to take a viewpoint which is decidedly in \nfavour of cooperation between small and medium-sized businesses in the \ncontext of competition policy. Many firms do not know what they are allowed \nto do under competition rules. It is therefore important to stress the aspects of \nthat policy which protect the development of cooperation, R&D, patent and \nknow-how licensing, franchising and specialization agreements, provided that \nthey do not restrict competition on the market. In this context, all available resources will be used to improve information on \ncompetition policy. 13. The new discussions as part of the Community's action to stimulate an \nimproved environment respond to the wish espressed by the Council in its \nresolution of 17 June 1992 that Commission proposals designed to ensure the \ncontinuity of the enterprise policy should include consideration of general \nfinancing aspects. (23) SEC(92) 2214, 18. 11. 1992. (24) OJ No C 213, 19. 8. 1992. - 2 1-\n\nC) \n\nOBSERVATION AND EVALUATION OF THE POLICY \n\nEUROPEAN SME OBSERVATORY \n\n14. A European network of research centres specializing in the observation of \nSMEs was set up in mid-1992 with Community support. A need has emerged for the Community and enterprises to be given the means \nof observing the development of SMEs in an environment which is undergoing \ncomplete change as a result of the enlargement of markets. Anticipation of \nchanges in vital if enterprises are to adapt and thus improve their \ncompetitiveness. This must be accompanied by an analysis and by the means to \nunderstand the situation of enterprises, including the very smallest, in the face \nof these changes. It will thus be possible regularly to adjust policies to help \nthem at both Community and national \nlevel, thereby maintaining the \nconfidence of these enterprises. On the basis of annual reports drawn up by this network, it will be possible to \nconduct a regular debate with representatives of enterprises and the \nenterprises themselves on the situation of SMEs and the means they have or \nneed to adapt. This innovative scheme, which is a follow-up to Decision 91/319/EEC, has just \nbeen launched, and the debate generated by it will provide a consolidated \nbasis for the development of enterprise policy. 15. In the context of improving information to businesses, the Community will \ncontinue to provide direct information in the form of publications and support \nfor the organization of seminars or conferences, either of a general nature or \nrelating to specific aspects of Community enterprise policy. IMPPRROVING STATITICS ON SMES \n\n16. The development of statistical tools will continue to be part and parcel of \nmost of the planned measures. The aim will be, among other things, to make the market more transparent \nthrough a fuller understanding of the parameters defining the structure, \noperations and performance of enterprises, and particularly small and \nmedium-sized ones. The work will also endeavour to provide a more accurate picture of the range \nof products both in services to industry and in related areas. An effort will be made to improve the quality of statistics on individual \nbusinesses through greater synergy between public and private registers. Lastly, administrations will be encouraged to make their files available for \nstatistical processing, in order to alleviate some of the burden on businesses. -22 \n\nEVALUATION OF EXISTING POLICY \n\n17. As regards programmes under way, continuous internal assessment, and \noccasionally external assessment, should continue to keep objectives in line \nwith changing situations and the relative effectiveness of the resources in play. We must also continue to carry out, or have carried out, accompanying studies \nto identify and take account of the priority needs of SMEs so that they can take \nadvantage of Community policies and the new dimension of the market. III. CONCLUSION \n\nThe enterprise dimension now has a sound Community basis, thereby justified \nby the need to ensure the continuity of the policy to assist business, in \nparticular SMEs. This is all the more important since business is a fundamental \nelement of European society. Given this situation, the Community must work to make economic support \nmeasures more convergent and devise appropriate \nlines of action and \ncorresponding measures at Community level. This policy must rest on active partnership between the different parties \ninvolved: bodies representing the business interests concerned, Member States \nand Community institutions. Such synergy is essential if the Europeanization \nand internationalization process is to be given its full force and effectiveness. Thus, an environment conducive to the strategic development of enterprises \nwill help to boost positive developments in European competitiveness and \nsupport efforts to achieve growth. - 2 3-\n\nPROPOSALS FOR DECISIONS \n\n\f24 \n\nPROPOSAL FOR A \n\nCOUNCIL DECISION \n\non a multiannual programme (1993-96) of Community measures to intensify \n\nthe priority areas of policy for enterprise, in particular SMEs, in the \n\nCommunity \n\n(. /. /EEC) \n\nTHE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, \n\nHaving regard to the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community, \n\nand in particular Article 235 thereof, \n\nHaving regard to the proposal from the Commission, \n\nHaving regard to the opinion of the European Parliament, \n\nHaving regard to the opinion of the Economic and Social Committee,-* \n\n1. Whereas on 28 July 1989 the Council adopted Decision 89/490/EEC on the \n\nimprovement of the business environment and the promotion of the \n\ndevelopment of enterprises, and \n\nin particular small and medium-sized \n\nenterprises, in the Community, as revised by Council Decision 91/319/EEC \no f l 8 J u n e l 9 9 1 ;5 \n\n1 \nO J N oC of \n2 O J N oC of \n3 O J N oC of \n4 \n5 \n\n, p. , p. , p. OJ No L 239, 16. 8. 1989, p. 33-\nO J N o L 1 7 5, 4. 7. 1991, p. 32. 2 5-\n\n2. Whereas in its resolution of 17 June 1992 on Community action to support \n\nenterprises, in particular small and medium-sized enterprises, including craft \n\nindustry enterprises, \n\nthe Council confirmed its undertaking to support the \n\nconsolidation of the action taken to help enterprises; \n\n3. Whereas the evolution of the economic situation calls for an initiative to \n\nrelaunch growth, to whose success SMEs have an essential contribution to \n\nmake; \n\n4. Whereas this situation involves proposing the adoption of a programme of \n\nCommunity measures to assist SMEs which takes full account of this new \n\npriority; \n\n5. Whereas the Commission has put before the Council a communication on \n\nenterprise policy for the Community, entitled \"The enterprise dimension \n\nessential to Community growth\";' \n\n6. Whereas this Decision applies to all forms of enterprise, in particular small \n\nand medium-sized enterprises, \n\nincluding those \n\nin commerce and the \n\ndistributive trades and craft enterprises, cooperatives, mutual societies, \n\nassociations and foundations; \n\n7. Whereas this policy involves, in particular, the intensification and wider \n\ndistribution of information for enterprises, the stimulation of cooperation and \n\npartnership between enterprises, the improvement of the administrative and \n\nlegal environment of enterprises and \n\nthe promotion of Community \n\ninstruments to assist enterprises; \n\n8. Whereas, however, many measures to assist enterprises are carried out at \n\nMember State level and Community measures will have to complement these; \n\n6 \n7 \n\nOJ No C 178, 15. 7. 1992, p. 8. yet to be published on the OJ \n\n\f26 \n\n9. Whereas it is therefore necessary to adopt immediately a programme for a \n\nfour-year period and to endow it with sufficient resources to attain its \n\nobjectives; \n\n10. Whereas, the Treaty does not provide, for the adoption of this Decision, \n\npowers other than those of Article 235, \n\nHAS DECIDED AS FOLLOWS: \n\nArticle 1 \n\nA programme to intensify the priority measures for enterprise policy, in \n\nparticular for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), is hereby adopted \n\nfor a period of four years from 1 January 1993. Article 2 \n\nThe programme referred to in Article 1 is intended to intensify growth-\n\noriented priority measures for enterprise policy. The principal objectives are as follows: \n\nA. to develop the Euro Info Centres to facilitate access by enterprises to \n\nCommunity information \n\nB. to develop the partner-search networks BRE and BC-NET \n\nC. to step up activities to put businessmen in direct contact with one another \nthe EUROPARTENARIAT and INTERPRISE programmes and \n\nunder \npromoting cross-border SUBCONTRACTING \n\n\f27 \n\nD. to improve the administrative and legal environment of enterprises \n\nE. to promote Community instruments \n\nArticle 3 \n\n1. The Commission shall \n\nimplement the measures necessary for the \n\nachievement of the objectives laid down in Article 2. 2. The procedure laid down in Article 4 shall be followed for adopting \n\nmeasures relating to: \n\nthe adoption, experimental implementation or extension of any project \n\ndevised for application of this Decision, \n\nthe content and timetable of and financial assistance for measures and calls \n\nfor proposals, \n\nthe periodical evaluation of the results of each project in accordance with \n\nthe timetables laid down. 3. The committee referred to in Article 4 may examine other measures \nprovided for by the programme. Article 4 \n\nThe Commission shall be assisted by a committee composed of the \n\nrepresentatives of the Member States and chaired by a representative of the \n\nCommission. - 2 8-\n\nThe representative of the Commission shall submit to the committee a draft of \n\nthe measures to be taken. The committee shall deliver its opinion on the draft \n\nwithin a time-limit which the chairman may lay down according to the urgency \n\nof the matter. The opinion shall be delivered by the majority laid down in \n\nArticle 148(2) of the Treaty in the case of decisions which the Council is \n\nrequired to adopt on a proposal from the Commission. The votes of the \n\nrepresentatives of the Member States within the committee shall be weighted in \n\nthe manner set out in that Article. The chairman shall not vote. The Commission shall adopt measures which shall apply \n\nimmediately. However, if these measures are not in accordance with the opinion of the \n\ncommittee, they shall be communicated by the Commission to the Council \n\nforthwith. In that event the Commission shall defer application of the measures \n\nwhich \n\nit has decided for a period of two months from the date of \n\ncommunication. The Council, acting by a qualified majority, may take a different decision \n\nwithin the time-limit referred to in the previous paragraph. Article 5 \n\nThe Commission shall present an evaluation report on the implementation of \n\nthis Decision to the European Parliament, the Council and the Economic and \n\nSocial Committee at the latest by mid-1996. Article 6 \n\nThe amount of the appropriations allocated annually to the measures provided \nfor by this Decision shall be determined under the annual budgetary \n\nprocedure. Article 7 \n\nThis Decision replaces Council Decision 89/490/EEC, as revised by \nDecision 91/319/EEC. Done at Brussels, \n\nFor the Council \n\n\f2 9-\n\nPROPOSALFORA \n\nCOUNCIL DECISION \n\non a multiannual programme (1994-97) of Community measures to ensure the \n\ncontinuity of policy for enterprise, in particular SMEs, in the Community \n\n(. /. /EEC) \n\nTHE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, \n\nHaving regard to the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community, \n\nand in particular Article 235 thereof, \n\nHaving regard to the proposal from the Commission, \n\nHaving regard to the opinion of the European Parliament, \n\nHaving regard to the opinion of the Economic and Social Committee,^ \n\n1. Whereas on 28 July 1989 the Council adopted Decision 89/490/EEC on the \n\nimprovement of the business environment and the promotion of the \n\ndevelopment of enterprises, and in particular small and medium-sized \n\nenterprises, in the Community, as revised by Council Decision 91/319/EEC \no f l 8 J u n e l 9 9 1 ;5 \n\n1 OJNoC of \n2 OJNoC of \n3 OJNoC of \n4 OJ No L 239, 16. 8. 1989, p. 33-\n5 OJNoL175, 4. 7. 1991, p. 32. ,p. ,p. , p. 30-\n\n2. Whereas in its resolution of 17 June 1992 on Community action to support \nenterprises, in particular small and medium-sized enterprises, including craft \nthe Council confirmed its undertaking to support the \nindustry enterprises, \nconsolidation of the action taken to help enterprises; \n\n3. Whereas the Council recommended in that resolution that the Commission \nshould press ahead, having regard to the principle of subsidiarity, with the \naction necessary to create an environment favourable to the competitiveness of \nenterprises, in particular SMEs, and to back up their integration into the single \nmarket after 1992; \n\n4. Whereas the Council also requested the Commission to submit before the \nend of 1992, in the light of the evaluations made, any proposals it deems \nnecessary to ensure continuity of the policy towards enterprises; \n\n5. Whereas independent experts have carried out, pursuant to Article 3 of \nCouncil Decision 91/319/EEC, an evaluation of the results achieved from all \naspects of the existing programme; whereas the Commission has submitted the \nreport, together with its comments, to Parliament and the Council/ \n\n8. Whereas the report confirms the appositeness of the enterprise policy the \nCommunity has carried out thus far, but makes proposals concerning the \ndirection of certain measures; \n\n7. Whereas the Commission has put before the Council a communication on \nenterprise policy for the Community, entitled \"The enterprise dimension \nessential to Community growth\";8 \n\n8. Whereas this Decision applies to all forms of enterprise, in particular small \nand medium-sized enterprises, \nin commerce and the \ndistributive trades and craft enterprises, cooperatives, mutual societies, non \nprofit associations and foundations; \n\nincluding those \n\n6 OJ No C 178, 15. 7. 1992, p. 8. 7 \n8 \n\nSEC(92) 1999 of 11 november 1992 \nyet to be published in the OJ \n\n\f- 3 1-\n\n9. Whereas small and medium-sized enterprises play an important role in \neconomic activity in general and in regional development, and a fundamental \nrole as regards dynamism, productivity, adaptability and innovation; \n\n10. Whereas the development of a Community enterprise policy based on real \ncompetition assumes particular importance as regards making the Community \neconomy more competitive and as regards employment growth, economic and \nsocial cohesion in the Community and the continuation of the widening of the \nmarket after 1993; \n\n11. Whereas, however, many measures to assist enterprises are carried out at \nMember State level and Community measures will have to complement these; \n\n12. Whereas it is therefore necessary to adopt a new programme for a four-\nyear period and to endow it with sufficient resources to attain its objectives; \n\n13- Whereas, the Treaty does not provide, for the adoption of this Decision, \npowers other than those of Article 235, \n\nHAS DECIDED AS FOLLOWS: \n\nArticle 1 \n\nA programme to ensure the continuity of an enterprise policy, in particular for \nsmall and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), is hereby adopted for a period of \nfour years from 1 January 1994. - 3 2-\n\nArticle 2 \n\nThe programme referred to in Article 1 has the following objectives: \n\nto encourage the adjustment to structural change of sectors under \ndevelopment such as craft industry, the distributive sector, cooperatives, \nmutual societies, non-profit associations and foundations; \n\nto encourage an improved financial environment for enterprises; \n\nto promote better observation of the economic development of enterprises \nas part of the dynamic of effective implementation of the internal market. Articled \n\n1. The Commission shall implement the measures necessary to achieve the \nobjectives laid down in Article 2. 2. The procedure laid down in Article 4 shall be followed for adopting \nmeasures relating to: \n\nthe adoption, experimental implementation or extension of any project \ndevised for application of this Decision, \n\nthe content and timetable of and financial assistance for measures and calls \nfor proposals, \n\n-\u00ab: the periodical evaluation of the results of each project in accordance with \n\nthe timetables laid down. 3- The committee referred to in Article 4 may examine other measures \nprovided for by the programme. 33-\n\nArticle 4 \n\nThe Commission shall be assisted by a committee composed of the \nrepresentatives of the Member States and chaired by a representative of the \nCommission. The representative of the Commission shall submit to the committee a draft of \nthe measures to be taken. The committee shall deliver its opinion on the draft \nwithin a time-limit which the chairman may lay down according to the urgency \nof the matter. The opinion shall be delivered by the majority laid down in \nArticle 148(2) of the Treaty in the case of decisions which the Council is \nrequired to adopt on a proposal from the Commission. The votes of the \nrepresentatives of the Member States within the committee shall be weighted in \nthe manner set out in that Article. The chairman shall not vote. The Commission shall adopt measures which shall apply immediately. However, if these measures are not in accordance with the opinion of the \ncommittee, they shall be communicated by the Commission to the Council \nforthwith. In that event the Commission shall defer application of the measures \nwhich it has decided for a period of two months from the date of \ncommunication. The Council, acting by a qualified majority, may take a different decision \nwithin the time-limit referred to in the previous paragraph. Article 5 \n\nThe Commission shall present an evaluation report on the implementation of \nthis Decision to the European Parliament, the Council and the Economic and \nSocial Committee at the latest by mid-1997. It shall also present to the Council, the European Parliament and the Economic \nand Social Committee a report on coordination between the initiatives taken in \npursuance of this Decision and the various programmes manifestly in the \ninterests of SMEs and craft industries but not covered by this Decision. - 3 4-\n\nArticle 6 \n\nThe amount of the appropriations allocated annually to the measures provided \nfor by this Decision shall be determined under the annual budgetary \nprocedure. Article 7 \n\nThis Decision replaces Council Decision 89/490/EEC, as revised by \nDecision 91/319/EEC. Done at Brussels, \n\nFor the Council \n\n\f35-\n\nFINANCIAL STATEMENTS \n\n\f\f1. TITLE OF OPERATION \n\nFINANCIAL STATEMENT \n\n\"The enterprise dimension essential to Community growth\". To intensify the priority measures for enterprise policy so as to stimulate \n\ngrowth in the Community. 2. BUDGET HEADING INVOLVED \n\nArticle B5-320. 3. LEGAL BASIS \n\nCouncil Decision of 28 July 1989 (OJ No L 239, p. 33) \nCouncil resolution of 14 November 1989 (OJ No C 297, p. 2) \nCouncil Decision of 18 June 1991 (OJ No L 175, p. 32) \nCouncil resolution of 17 June 1992 (OJ No C 178, p. 8 ). 4. DESCRIPTION OF OPERATION \n\nThe proposal for a Council Decision to which this financial statement \nrelates follows on from the Council resolution of 17 June 1992, in which the \nCouncil recommended that the Commission should press ahead, in accordance \nwith the principle of subsidiarity, with developing the action necessary to \ncreate an environment favourable to the competitiveness of enterprises, in \nparticular SMEs, and to back up their integration into the single market \nafter 1992. In framing this proposal, the Commission has drawn the \nnecessary conclusions from the first programme, covering the period 1990-93, \nand from an evaluation report which it has transmitted to Parliament and the \nCouncil. The report confirms the overall appropriateness of the enterprise \npolicy which the Community has carried out so far but makes proposals \nconcerning the direction of certain measures. In Edinburgh on 11-12 December 1992, the European Council, endorsing the \nguidelines put forward by the Commission, agreed action on a wide scale to \nsupport growth in the Community. The Declaration on Promoting Economic Recovery in Europe* states that: \n\"Recognizing the importance of SMEs for creating employment and stimulating \ngrowth, the European Council called upon the Council and the Commission to \nensure that the burdens from Community legislation on small and medium-sized \nenterprises are reduced (including through the use of simplified schemes and \nexemption limits in the field of indirect taxation) and that full \ninformation about Community support is provided to SMEs. It asked the \nCommission to accelerate the actions in favour of SMEs which have proven \ntheir worth at the Community level\". European Council, Edinburgh, 11-12 December 1992, Conclusions of the \nPresidency, Annex 4 to Part A, point 8. - 2 -\n\nThe operation is therefore a continuation of the measures developed under \nthe first programme, to which the necessary adjustments and improvements \nhave been made in order to comply with the acceleration of this part of \nenterprise policy for the period 1993-96. 4. 1 \n\nSpecific \n\nobjectives \n\nof \n\noperation \n\nTo develop the Euro-Info-Centres to so as facilitate access by \nenterprises to Community information; \n\nTo develop the partner-search networks by expanding the activities of \nthe Business Cooperation Centre (BRE) in the case of non-confidential \ncooperation, and of the Business Cooperation Network (BC-Net) in the \ncase of confidential cooperation; \n\nTo step up activities to put businessmen in direct contact with one \nanother under the Europartenariat, Interprise and Promotion of \nCross-Border Subcontracting programmes; \n\nTo improve the administrative and legal environment of enterprises;2 \n\nTo promote Community instruments and, in this context, to strengthen \nthe technological potential of SMEs. 4. 2 \n\nDuration \n\n1993-96. 4. 3 \n\nTarget \n\npopulation \n\nIn theory, the above-mentioned measures could affect all SMEs in the \nCommunity. In practice, however, the number of SMEs concerned by \ncross-border measures will necessarily be smaller, reflecting the categories \nof enterprise. The measures are also targeted at all trade associations and other \nintermediaries (for example, chambers of commerce and craft) and the \nwholesale and retail trades. As many of the measures are implemented via \nnetworks of intermediaries, the number of enterprises actually affected \ncannot be precisely quantified. 5. CLASSIFICATION OF EXPENDITURE OR REVENUE \n\nNon-compulsory expenditure; differentiated appropriations. Includes consultation of Member States and trade associations (ex-item \nB5-324). 6. TYPE OF EXPENDITURE OR REVENUE \n\n- 3 -\n\nGrants for joint financing with other sources in the public and/or \nprivate sector. Partial reimbursement through re-use of revenue for certain measures \n(e. g. in the case of BC-Net, charging from 1 January 1993 for the use \nof the network by non-Community industrialized countries and by \nadvisers throughout the Community). 7. FINANCIAL IMPACT \n\n7. 1 Method of calculating \n\ntotal \n\ncost of \n\noperation \n\nExperience in current and previous financial years shows that the demands on \nthe policy for S ME s have risen steeply. For a lack of appropriations, the \nCommission has had to reject many of the projects submitted in response to \nvarious calls for proposals. Although in certain cases the Community \ncontribution can be modulated according to the arrangements for implementing \nthe measure in order to finance as many projects as possible, the fact \nremains that the Commission may well no longer be able to get essential \nschemes off the ground if its financial contribution is no longer sufficient \nto attract investments by its partners (businesses or intermediaries); the \nCommission also has to aim to achieve a critical financial mass in the areas \nconcerned in order to avoid spreading funds too thinly. This situation is reflected in all the calls for tender organized on the \nbasis of this budget heading. Consequently, the rates of commitment and \nutilization under this heading have always been extremely high. The volume of funding requested has to be seen in the context of the merger \nof headings B5-320, B5-322 and B5-324 which the Commission has proposed in \nthe preliminary draft budget for 1993. Until such time as the 1993 budget \nis definitively adopted, the figures for that year will remain purely \nindicative. PRIORITY AREAS FOR INTENSIFICATION \n\n1993 \n\n1994 \n\n1995 \n\n1996 \n\n70\u00cfAL \n1993/1996 \n\nSingle heading, indicative amounts \n\nDEVELOPMENT OF EURO-INFO-CENTRES \n\nto facilitate access to Community information \n\nDEVELOPMENT OF PARTNER-SEARCH NETWORKS \n\nBRE and BC-Net \n\nSTEPPINO UP DIRECT CONTACTS BETWEEN BUSINESSMEN \n\nUNDER THE EUROPARTENARIAT, \n\nINTERPRISE AND PROMOTION OF CROSS-BORDER \n\nSUBCONTRACTING PROGRAMMES \n\nIMPROVEMENT OF THE ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL \nENVIRONMENT OF ENTERPRISES1 \n\nPROMOTION OF COMMUNITY INSTRUMENTS \n\n7. 00 \n\n0. 80 \n\n(. 70 \n\n0. 90 \n\n8. 00 \n\n0. 90 \n\n7. 50 \n\n1. 20 \n\n9. 00 \n\n1. 00 \n\n10. 00 I \nI \n1. 30 I \n\n34. 0C \n\n4. 0G \n\n8. 00 \n\n1. 50 \n\n30. 00 ! \n! \n5. 00 | \nI \n\ni \n\nI \nl \ni > \n\n12. CO ! \n\n\u2022 STRENGTHENING THE TECHNOLOGICAL POTENTIAL OF SMEs \n\n2. 90 \n\n2. 50 \n\n3. 10 \n\n3. 50 \n\n1 Includes consultation of Member States and trade associations (ex-item B5-324). 18. 30 \n\n20. 10 \n\n22. 30 \n\n24. 30 \n\n85. 00 \n\n\f1. 3 \n\nIndicative \n\nschedule \n\nof commitment appropriations \n\n(without \n\nmini-budget) \n\n- 5 -\n\nPreliminary \ndraft budget \nfor 1993 \n\nIndicative planning \n\n1994 \n\n1995 \n\n1996 \n\n1993-96 \n\n18. 30 \n\n20. 10 \n\n22. 30 \n\n24. 30 \n\n85 000 \n\n\u2022 \n\n\u2022 \n\n\u2022 \n\n8. ANTI-FRAUD MEASURES PLANNED IN THE PROPOSAL FOR THE OPERATION \n\nMeasures to be funded and services or studies performed are checked by the \nCommission before payment, with due regard to contractual obligations and \nthe principles of economy and sound financial or general management. Anti-fraud measures (checks, reporting, etc. ) are included in all agreements \nor contracts between the Commission and recipients of funds. 9. ELEMENTS OF COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS \n\n9. 1 Assessment \n\nand analysis \n\nof \n\nobjectives \n\nQuantification \n\nThe reader is referred to the table set out in point 7. 2, which gives the \nfigures for the different types of measure (under both the old programme and \nthe proposed new one). speeding up the adjustment of SMEs to structural change (information \nfor businesses, promotion, advertising, grants): 50% \n\ncooperation and partnership: 19. 33% \n\nadministrative, legal and financial environment which will benefit \nenterprises: 3. 72% \n\nevaluation and development of enterprise policy: 6. 78%. 9. 2 Grounds for \n\nthe \n\noperation \n\n- 6 -\n\nAs far as subsidiarity is concerned, all the action taken here by the \nCommunity is such that it produces decisive added value, in particular as a \nresult of the size of networks and the scale of the measures developed, the \nimpartiality of decisions taken at the centre and the attention devoted to \nregional balance. This emerges clearly from the independent evaluation report and is stressed \nin the explanatory memorandum. Although Member States can themselves take a large proportion of the \nmeasures to assist enterprises, it is for the Community to take the \ncross-border measures, set up networks extending across the Community or \nbeyond and organize schemes for the exchange of experience or know-how \nbetween financial institutions, chambers of commerce and craft and other \nintermediaries, as well as actual businesses looking for cross-border \ncooperation opportunities. Making such action a national preserve would not \nonly be impracticable and less effective, but would also create distortions \nof competition since the level of support provided by each Member State \nwould vary widely (a number of host structures have, for example, decided to \nclose down their Euro-Info-Centre on the grounds that the burden on their \nfinances was too heavy in comparison with the Commission's contribution). i \n\nThe Commission ensures that all intermediaries and all businesses can \nbenefit from Community measures on an equal footing and in fair and \ntransparent conditions (as witnessed by the large number of calls for \nproposals published in the Official Journal). It also sees to it that the \nadded value deriving from the network effect and the know-how built up at \nCommunity level are redistributed and made available to all interested \nparties, including in the Community's less-favoured or outlying regions. 9. 2. 1 Cost \n\nThe Council decided on 18 June 1991 to revise the programme, adding an extra \nbudget of ECU 25 million to the ECU 110 million already deemed necessary for \nthe period 1990-93. The European Council, meeting in Edinburgh on 11-12 December 1992, \"asked \nthe Commission to accelerate the actions in favour of SMEs which have proven \ntheir worth at the Community level\". Consequently, the strengthening of the priority measures for enterprise \npolicy so as to stimulate growth in the Community is proposed for the period \n1993-96 and is based on the experience acquired during the previous \nprogramme. These assessment aspects are also raised in the evaluation \nreport and in the Commission's comments on it. - 7 -\n\nThe following details can be given on the various measures (the figures for \neach old and new measure are given in the table in point 7. 2): \n\n- \n\ninformation for businesses: \n1. development of the EICs to facilitate access to Community \n\ninformation (stimulation, training, grants, databases); \n\n- \n\ndevelopment of partner-search networks: \n\nBRE and BC-Net: development of both networks within the Community \nand beyond; for BC-Net, implementation of a policy of specialization \n(particularly in innovation and technical cooperation) and a drive \nto raise the calibre of advisers (training) ahead of the generalized \nintroduction of charges on 1 January 1993; \n\n- \n\nup \n\ndirect \n\ncontacts \n\nstepping \nEuropartenariat, \nSubcontracting programmes: \n1. partnership: intensification of the efforts to put businesses in \ndirect contact with one another through Europartenariat, Interprise \nand similar international events; \n\nthe \nCross-Border \n\nbusinessmen \n\nInterprise \n\nPromotion \n\nbetween \n\nunder \n\nand \n\nof \n\n2. subcontracting: the programme, which was updated in the Commission's \ncommunication to the Council of January 1992, is aimed in particular \nat ensuring a business approach to the market and covers measures on \ncommunication between businesses, certification and sectoral \nmeasures (electronics); \n\n- \n\nimprovement of the administrative and legal environment of enterprises: \nadministrative simplification and trade associations. Consultation of trade associations and support for stimulation measures \nand the dissemination of their information among the 8 million \nbusinesses they represent; \n\n- \n\npromotion of Community instruments and strengthening the technological \npotential of SMEs. 9. 2. 2 Spin-off effects \n\nAction under the above-(mentioned instruments and measures relates in \nparticular both to improving the business environment and the supply of \nbusiness information and to the search for and bringing together of partners \nwith the specific aim of developing cross-border cooperation agreements. This is vital to the effective functioning of the single market, with regard \nto which enterprises must base their development strategy on goals that \nextend beyond the confines of their home country. The main spin-off effect will thus be to make enterprises more competitive, \nin particular through: \n\n- 8 -\n\n- \n- \n- \n- \n\nfor \n\nbusinesses \n\ngreater \nopportunities \ninternationalize their operations; \ndevelopment of the network effect; \nlower costs, particularly for pilot schemes; \npositive effects on growth and the economy in general; \npositive effects on employment and the entire package of measures \nenabling SMEs to grasp the new opportunities offered by completion of \nthe internal market and relations with third countries. Europeanize \n\nand \n\nto \n\n9. 2. 3 Multiplier effects \n\nThe planned measures graft a European dimension onto existing services \nprovided by national partners. Planned expenditure from the Community \nbudget will consequently generate considerable investment by public and \nprivate partners, thus exerting a significant catalytic effect and bringing \nabout lasting structural change. For example, Euro Info Centres are set up in conjunction with host \nstructures such as chambers of commerce offering information and advisory \nservices, to which the EICs add a European dimension. Similarly, Europartenariat events are specifically aimed at developing \ncooperation between businesses in Objective 1, 2 and 5(b) regions and \nenterprises in other regions of the Community. Given that the Member State \nconcerned contributes one third of the budget for each event and the \nparticipating firms meet their own travel and subsistence expenses, the \nmultiplier effect can be estimated at 300%. Although it is desirable for the Commission to aim for a large multiplier \neffect, this should not be the only deciding factor in the choice of its \naction. The limitations of such an approach are amply demonstrated by the \nCommission's low level of financial support for the EIC network: a number of \nhost structures have decided to close down their Euro-Info-Centre on the \ngrounds that their share of the costs was too large and the Commission's too \nsmall. 9. 3 \n\nEvaluation \n\n- Performance indicators selected: \n\n_ 9 -\n\nEvaluation reports based on quantitative criteria (e. g. number of queries \nanswered, number of cooperation profiles generated) and matching the \ninstrument to the needs (e. g. level of detail of nomenclatures, quality of \ndocumentation, targeting). Results will be evaluated by regular monitoring based on in-house checks and \nexpert assessments by outside specialists where necessary. The cost of many of the measures taken is very moderate in relation to the \nmarket, as noted at certain points in the evaluation report. Development of measures targeted to the different markets for business \ninformation, cooperation and support. - \n\nDetails and frequency of planned evaluation: \n\nAnnual evaluation on an institutional basis (annual report provided for by \nArticle 6 of the proposed Decision). This proposal is based on the \nevaluation report submitted by outside experts and transmitted by the \nCommission to the European Parliament and the Council in accordance with \nArticle 3 of the Council Decision of 18 June 1991. 1. TITLE OF OPERATION \n\nFINANCIAL STATEMENT \n\n\"The enterprise dimension - essential to Community growth\". A programme of measures designed to ensure the continuity of policy for \n\nenterprise, and in particular SMEs, in the Community. 2. BUDGET HEADING \n\nArticle B5-320. 3. LEGAL BASIS \n\nCouncil Decision of 28 July 1989 (OJ No L 239, 16. 8. 1989, p. 33) \nCouncil resolution of 14 November 1989 (OJ No C 297, 25. 11. 1989, p. 2) \nCouncil Decision of 18 June 1991 (OJ No L 175, 4. 7. 1991, p. 32) \nCouncil resolution of 17 June 1992 (OJ No C 178, 15. 7. 1992, p. 8). 4. DESCRIPTION OF OPERATION \n\nThe proposal for a Council Decision to which this financial statement \nrelates follows on from the Council resolution of 17 June 1992, in which the \nCouncil recommended that the Commission should press ahead, in accordance \nwith the principle of subsidiarity, with developing the measures necessary \nto create an environment favourable to the competitiveness of enterprises, \nin particular SMEs, and to support their integration into the single market \nafter 1992. In framing this proposal, the Commission has drawn the \nnecessary conclusions from the first programme, covering the period 1990-93, \nand from an evaluation report which it has transmitted to Parliament and the \nCouncil. The report confirms the overall appropriateness of the enterprise \npolicy which the Community has carried out so far but makes proposals \nconcerning the direction of certain measures. This measure therefore incorporates most of those developed under the first \nprogramme, to which the necessary adjustments and improvements have been \nmade in order to ensure the continuity of policy for enterprise, and in \nparticular SMEs, in the Community. 4. 1 Specific \n\nobjectives \n\nof \n\noperation \n\nto improve the business environment, remove administrative, legal, tax \nand financial barriers, \nimprove the \nproductivity, competitiveness and adaptability of businesses, including \ndistributive enterprises and SMEs, and facilitate the transfer of \nbusinesses; \n\n\f- 2 -\n\n- \n\n- \n\n- \n\n- \n\nto help SMEs adjust to structural change in the wake of completion of \nthe internal market, for example through measures aimed, in particular, \nat growth sectors. These comprise measures relating to small firms and \nthe craft industry, distributive enterprises, cooperatives, mutual \nsocieties and non-profit-making associations and foundations; \n\nto promote a more favourable financial environment; \n\nto monitor and evaluate enterprise policy, in particular through the \nEuropean observatory for SMEs, which links together bodies specializing \nin research on SMEs into a network with access to statistical \nbackground, studies, publications and information given at seminars and \nconferences; \n\nto carry out, before the end of the programme, an external evaluation \nadditional to the ongoing internal evaluation which forms part of the \nprogramme. 4. 2 \n\nDuration \n\n1994-97. 4. 3 \n\nTarget \n\npopulation \n\nIn theory, the above-mentioned measures could affect all SMEs in the \nCommunity. In practice, however, the number of SMEs concerned by \ncross-border measures will necessarily be smaller, reflecting the categories \nof enterprises described in the explanatory memorandum. The measures are also targeted at all those representing intermediaries \nanalogous to chambers of craft and those representing the wholesale and \nretail trades, cooperatives, mutual societies and non-profit-making \nassociations and foundations. As many of the measures are implemented via \nnetworks of intermediaries, the number of enterprises actually affected \ncannot be precisely quantified. 5. CLASSIFICATION OF EXPENDITURE OR REVENUE \n\nNon-compulsory expenditure; differentiated appropriations. 6. TYPE OF EXPENDITURE OR REVENUE \n\n- 3 -\n\n- \n\n- \n\nGrants for joint financing with other sources in the public and/or \nprivate sector. The funding of symposia, seminars and the like is to be granted up to a \ncertain proportion of costs, determined in the light of the organizers' \nneeds and the importance of the event for the sector in question \n(attainment of the above-mentioned objectives). - \n\nPreparatory or feasibility studies, evaluation reports, consultants. 7. FINANCIAL IMPACT \n\n7. 1 Method of calculating \n\ntotal \n\ncost of the \n\noperation \n\nExperience in current and previous financial years shows that the demands on \nthe policy for SMEs have risen steeply. The Commission has had to reject \nmany of the projects submitted in response to various calls for proposals. Although some of the projects were eliminated because they did not develop \nthe cross-border dimension sufficiently, a large number of highly promising \nprojects had to be rejected for want of funds. Although in certain cases \nthe Community contribution can be reduced according to the arrangements for \nimplementing the measure in order to finance as many projects as possible, \nthe fact remains that the Commission may well no longer be able to get \nessential schemes off the ground if its financial contribution is no longer \nsufficient to attract investments by its partners (businesses or \nintermediaries). The volume of funding requested has to be seen in the context of the merger \nof headings B5-320, B5-322 and B5-324 which the Commission has proposed in \nthe preliminary draft budget for 1993. Until such time as the 1993 budget \nis definitively adopted, the figures for that year will remain purely \nindicative. 4 \u2022 \n\n7. 2 \n\n1 \n| \n\n| \n\nMeasures designed to ensure the continuity of policy \n\n\u2022\u2022 \n\n- \n\n- ' \n\nfor enterprises 1994-97 \n\n1 \n\n\u2022 -\n\n1993 \n\n1994 \n\n1995 \n\n1996 \n\n1 \n\n\u2022 \n\n1997 \n\nj \n\nTOTAL \n1994-1997 \n\n|A. MEASURES SPECIFICALLY TARGETED AT GROWTH AREAS: \n\n| \n\n| \n\n| \n\n| \n\n- craft industry and small firms \n\n- distributive enterprises \n\n\u2022 cooperatives, mutual societies and \n\nnon-profit-making associations and foundations \n\nIB. PROMOTING A MORE FAVOURABLE FINANCIAL ENVIRONMENT \n\n|C. MONITORING AND EVALUATION OF POLICY \n\n| \n\n| \n\n| \n\n| \n\n- European observatory for SMEs \n\n- improving statistics on SMEs \n\n- studies, publications, seminars and conferences \n\n\u2022 evaluation of policy and existing schemes \n\n1. 50 \n2. 00 \n\n0. 00 \n\n1. 20 \n0. 20 \n1. 60 \n0. 00 \n\n1. 30 \n2. 00 \n\n0. 20 \n\n0. 20 \n\n1. 30 \n0. 20 \n1. 50 \n0. 00 \n\n1. 30 \n2. 00 \n\n0. 20 \n\n0. 20 \n\n1. 40 \n0,20 \n1. 60 \n0. 00 \n\n1. 40 \n2. 10 \n\n0. 20 \n\n0. 20 \n\n1,40 \n0. 00 \n1. 30 \n0,50 \n\n1. 40 \n2. 10 \n\n0. 30 \n\n0. 30 \n\n1. 50 \n0. 30 \n1. 40 \n0. 00 \n\n5. 40 \n8. 20 \n\n0. 90 \n\n0. 90 \n\n5. 60 \n0. 70 \n5. 80 \n0. 50. \u2022. -. 6,50 \n\n6. 70 ' \n\n6,90 \n\n7. 10 \n\n| \n\n, ,, \n\nI \n1_ \n\n28. 00 \n-\n\n\f7. 3 \nmini-budget) \n\nIndicative \n\nschedule \n\nof \n\ncommitment \n\nappropriations \n\n(excluding \n\n- 5 -\n\nToken entry \nPreliminary \ndraft budget \nfor 1993 \n\nIndicative planning \n\nT O T AL \n\n1994 \n\n1995 \n\n1996 \n\n1 9 97 \n\n6. 50 \n\n6. 70 \n\n6. 90 \n\n7. 10 !' \n\n7-30 \n\n28. 00 \n\n8. ANTI-FRAUD MEASURES PLANNED IN THE PROPOSAL FOR THE OPERATION \n\nMeasures to be funded and services or studies performed are checked by the \nCommission before payment, with due regard to contractual obligations and \nthe principles of economy and sound financial or general management. Anti-fraud measures (checks, reporting, etc. ) are included in all agreements \nor contracts between the Commission and recipients of funds. 9. COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS \n\n9. 1 Assessment \n\nand analysis \n\nof \n\nobjectives \n\nQuantification \n\nThe reader is referred to the table set out in point 7. 2, which gives the \nfigures for the different types of measure (under both the old programme and \nthe proposed new one). For guidance, some of the appropriations for 1992 were broken down as \nfollows: \n\n- \n\npromoting a financial environment which will benefit enterprises; trade \nassociations: 1. 9% \n\n- \n\nevaluation and development of enterprise policy: 6. 78%. In addition to the above, there are the developments in the extensive fields \nof the craft industry and small enterprises [5 million firms] and the \ndistributive trades [4 million firms] which are factors for the continuity \nof policy for enterprise. 9. 2 Grounds for \n\nthe \n\noperation \n\n- 6 -\n\nAs far as subsidiarity is concerned, all the action taken here by the \nCommunity is such that it produces decisive added value, in particular as a \nresult of the size of networks and the scale of the measures developed, the \nimpartiality of decisions taken at the centre and the attention devoted to \nregional balance. This emerges clearly from the independent evaluation report. Although Member States can themselves take a large proportion of the \nmeasures to assist enterprises, it is for the Community to take the \ncross-border measures, set up networks extending across the Community or \nbeyond and organize schemes for the exchange of experience or know-how \nbetween financial institutions, chambers of commerce and craft and other \nintermediaries, as well as actual businesses looking for cross-border \ncooperation opportunities. Making such action a national preserve would not \nonly be impracticable and less effective, but would also create distortions \nof competition since the level of support provided by each Member State \nwould vary widely. The Commission ensures that all intermediaries and all businesses can \nbenefit from Community measures on an equal footing and in fair and \ntransparent conditions (as witnessed by the large number of calls for \nproposals published in the Official Journal). It also sees to it that the \nadded value deriving from the network effect and the know-how built up at \nCommunity level are redistributed and made available to all interested \nparties, including in the Community's less-favoured or outlying regions. 9. 2. 1 Cost \n\nActing on a proposal from the Commission, the Council adopted on \n28 July 1989 the multiannual programme to support the development of SMEs. The Council decided on 18 June 1991 to revise the programme, adding an extra \nbudget of ECU 25 million to the ECU 110 million already deemed necessary for \nthe period 1990-93. The new programme designed to ensure the continuity of policy for \nenterprise, and in particular SMEs, in the Community is proposed for the \nperiod 1994-97 and benefits from the experience gained during the previous \nprogramme. These assessments are also mentioned in the evaluation report \nand covered by the Commission's comments thereon. The following details can be given on the various measures (the figures to \neach old and new measure are given in the table in point 7. 2): \n\n- 7 -\n\n- measures specifically targeted at growth areas: \n\n1. craft industry and small firms: \n\n- support for the craft industry - implementation of measures in \n\naccordance with the Council guidelines of 18 June 1991; \n\n2. distributive enterprises: \n\n- Europeanization of distribution structures and promotion of the> \nintroduction of new technologies which will benefit SMEs and \ndistributive enterprises; \n\n3. cooperatives, mutual societies and non-profit-making associations \n\nand foundations; \n\n- promoting a more favourable financial environment; \n\n- monitoring and evaluation of policy: \n\n1. European observatory for SMEs based on the networking of bodies \nspecializing in the SME field and supported by statistical tools \ndeveloped by the Statistical Office of the European Communities to \nsupply the quantitative and qualitative data which firms need. The \nnetwork will draw on a basis composed of studies, publications, \nseminars and conferences; \n\n2. evaluation of policy and existing schemes. 9. 2. 2 Spin-off effects \n\nThe main spin-off effect, in addition to continuity of policy, will be to \nmake enterprises more competitive, in particular through: \n\n- greater \n\nopportunities \ninternationalize their operations; \ndevelopment of the network effect; \nlower costs, particularly for pilot schemes; \n\nbusinesses \n\nfor \n\nto \n\nEuropeanize \n\nand \n\n- positive effects on growth and the economy in general; \n\npositive effects on employment and the entire package of measures \nenabling SMEs to grasp the new opportunities offered by completion of \nthe internal market and relations with non-member countries. 9. 2. 3 Multiplier effects \n\n- 8 -\n\nThe planned measures graft a European dimension onto existing services \nprovided by national partners. Planned expenditure from the Community \nbudget will consequently generate considerable investment by public and \nprivate partners, thus exerting a significant catalytic effect and bringing \nabout lasting structural change. As far as measures relating to the distributive trades are concerned, \nexperience in 1991 has shown that a contribution of some 25% by the \nCommission suffices to prompt the sector to put up the remainder of the \nnecessary finance. The multiplier effect can thus easily be as high as \n400%. Although it is desirable for the Commission to aim for a large multiplier \neffect, this should not be the only deciding factor in the choice of its \naction. The limitations of such an approach are amply demonstrated by the \nCommission's low level of financial support for the EIC network: a number \nof host structures have decided to close down their Euro-Info-Centre on the \ngrounds that their share of the costs was too large and the Commission's \ntoo small. 9. 3 \n\nEvaluation \n\n- Performance indicators selected: \n\nResults will be evaluated by regular monitoring based on in-house checks \nand expert assessments by outside specialists where necessary. The cost of many of the measures taken is very moderate in relation to the \nmarket, as noted at certain points in the evaluation report. - Details and frequency of planned evaluation: \n\nAnnual evaluation on an institutional basis (annual report provided for by \nArticle 6 of the proposed Decision). This proposal is based on the \nevaluation report submitted by outside experts and transmitted by the \nCommission to the European Parliament and the Council in accordance with \nArticle 3 of the Council Decision of 18 June 1991. ISSN 0254-1475 \n\nCOM (92) 470 final \n\nDOCUMENTS \n\nEN \n\n10 \n\nCatalogue number : CB-CO-92-585-EN-C \n\nISBN 92-77-50844-2 \n\nOffice for Official Publications of the European Communities \n\nL-2985 Luxembourg"}
+{"cellarURIs": "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/fca98952-f63e-4795-b413-bce230e66579", "title": "Proposal for a COUNCIL REGULATION (EEC) amending Regulation (EEC) No 2299/89 on a code of conduct for computerized reservation systems", "langIdentifier": "ENG", "mtypes": "pdf,pdfa1b,print", "workTypes": "http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#act_preparatory,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#proposal_act,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#proposal_regulation_ec,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#resource_legal,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#work", "authors": "European Commission", "date": "1993-01-12", "subjects": "air transport,code of conduct,consumer protection,free competition,information system,ticket", "workIds": "celex:51992PC0404,comnat:COM_1992_0404_FIN,oj:JOC_1993_056_R_0028_01", "eurovoc_concepts": ["air transport", "code of conduct", "consumer protection", "free competition", "information system", "ticket"], "url": "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/fca98952-f63e-4795-b413-bce230e66579", "lang": "eng", "formats": ["pdf", "pdfa1b", "print"], "text": "COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES \n\nC0M(92) 404 final \n\nBrussels, 23 September 1992 \n\nProposal for a \n\nCOUNCIL REGULATION (EEC) \n\namending Regulation (EEC) No 2299/89 on a code of conduct for \n\ncomputerized reservation systems \n\n(presented by the Commission) \n\n\f- 2 -\n\nREPORT ON THE APPLICATION OF COUNCIL REGULATION (EEC) \n\nNO 2299/89 ON A CODE OF CONDUCT FOR COMPUTERIZED \n\nRESERVATION SYSTEMS (CRSs) AND PROPOSALS FOR \n\nAMENDMENTS TO THE CODE \n\nContents: \n\nI. Introduct ion \n\nII. Application of the code of conduct \n\n1. Waivers granted to CRSs \n\n2. The Explanatory Note \n\n3. Complaints and requests for interpretation \n\nIII. Worldwide aspects of CRS regulation \n\nIV. Needs for an amendment of the code of conduct \n\n1. Clarifications/modifications of existing rules \n\n2. Inclusion of non-scheduled services \n\n3. Mandatory participation in CRSs \n\n4. Dehosting or specific safeguards \n\nV. Comments on Individual Articles \n\nAnnex Proposal for amendments \n\n\f- 3 -\n\nReport on the Application of Council Regulation (EEC) \n\nNo 2299/89 on a Code of Conduct for Computerized \n\nReservation Systems (CRSs) \n\nI. Introduction \n\nReservation systems have for a long time been used in aviation as a \n\nnormal element in air carriers' day-to-day operations. It was in \n\nthe United States, however, that carriers first developed modern, \n\nsophisticated CRSs to cope with the needs and quickly changing \n\nconditions of a free market and to hold or enlarge their \n\ncompetitive market positions. Because of their extensive capabilities these CRSs became very \n\npowerful marketing tools for their owner carriers allowing them to \n\nachieve advantages to the detriment of their competitors. Discrimination occurred in the way flights were ranked in \n\ndisplays, but also, inter alia. with respect to access to marketing \n\ninformation generated by the CRS or by preventing subscribers from \n\nswitching to or using a competing CRS. Air carriers which did not have their own CRS came to depend to a \n\nwide extent on the CRSs of their competitors for the distribution \n\nand selling of their own products which encouraged tendencies to \n\ndistortion of competition and abuse of dominant positions. The need for a regulatory framework in the field of CRSs became \n\nobvious in order to avoid such abuse and to ensure fair competition \n\nbetween air carriers and CRSs to the benefit of both the industry \n\nand the consumer. - 4 -\n\nThe Council adopted Regulation No 2299/89 on a code of conduct for \n\ncomputerized reservation systems on 24 July 1989. The Regulation \n\nwas published in the Official Journal No L 220 on 29 July 1989 and \n\ncame into force on 1 August 1989. The code stipulates i. e. that it \n\nhas to be reviewed in 1992 for which purpose the Commission shall \n\npresent a report on the application of the code. The report is \n\ncontained in section II. At the same time the Commission finds \n\nthat the code is in need of some modifications. The \n\nJustifications for the proposed modifications are found in section \n\nIV and V and the proposal in its entirety in the Annex. The proposals have been developed after thorough consultations with \n\nMember States, ECAC, air carriers, consumers and travel agents. II. Application of the code of conduct \n\n1. Waivers granted to CRSs \n\nThe code of conduct prescribed for the first time as a legal \n\nobligation a single default algorithm for ranking flights in a \n\nprincipal display. However, when the code entered into force, \n\nno CRS operating in the Community was able to immediately \n\nfulfil the requirements set by the code. For this reason, \n\nArticle 21(2) constituted a waiver of the application of \n\nArticles 5(3) and 9(5) concerning the principal display until \n\n1 January 1990 in order to give system vendors the opportunity \n\nto adapt their CRSs. If for technical reasons compliance with \n\nthe code was not possible by this date a further 12 months' \n\nwaiver might be granted. - 5 -\n\nAll CRSs operating at that time in the Community - Amadeus, \n\nGalileo, Sabre, Datas II (later on merged with Pars into \n\nWorldspan), GETS - asked the Commission by the end of 1989 for a \n\nwaiver beyond 1 January 1990 the length of which differed from CRS \n\nto CRS. The waivers were formally granted by the Commission's \n\ndecision of 12 July 1990 to: \n\nAmadeus until 31 December 1990; \n\nGalileo until 1 September 1990, extended by Commission's \n\ndecision of 29 November 1990 until 31 December 1990; \n\nGETS until 31 December 1990; \n\nDatas II until 30 June 1990. Sabre, for which American Airlines had asked as a precaution for a \n\nwaiver until the second quarter of 1990, did not need any waiver \n\nbeyond 1 January 1990. 2. The Explanatory Note \n\nThe code of conduct constituted a completely new area of \n\nlegislation, without prior practical experience, to which the \n\nindustry had to adapt itself. As experience with its application \n\naccumulated it became clear that there were some difficulties. During the first months of the implementation of the code of \n\nconduct queries were raised on how to apply the provisions of the \n\ncode in practical terms, in particular with respect to the \n\nprogramming and operating of the systems. For this reason, the Commission published an Explanatory Note in \n\nthe Official Journal^1), clarifying the provisions of the code of \n\nconduct in particular for the principal display and the ranking \n\ncriteria. While leaving to each system vendor the freedom to find \n\nits own individual solution to the requirements of the code, the \n\n(1) OJ No C 184, 25. 7. 1990, p. 2. - 6 -\n\nCommission reserved to itself the possibility of examining any \n\nsystem in its totality to assess its overall compliance with the \n\ncode of conduct. As the Explanatory Note as such has no legal \n\npower and is therefore not binding on the parties addressed by the \n\ncode, its clarifications will therefore need to be incorporated \n\ninto the revised code of conduct to the extent it still seems \n\nnecessary or appropriate. The Explanatory Note will therefore \n\nbecome unnecessary and can be withdrawn with the entering into \n\nforce of the revised code of conduct. 3. Complaints and requests for interpretation \n\nSince the code of conduct entered into force on 1 August 1989 until \n\nthe first 8 months of 1992 the Commission has received \n\n28 complaints or requests for interpretation including 3 cases \n\nwhere the Commission was informed as a precaution, but where the \n\nmatter itself has been settled directly between the parties \n\nconcerned without further action by the Commission. The total \n\nnumber includes 3 cases raised under the competition rules, but \n\nwhich also affect the code of conduct. The number of complaints and requests for help per year has been \n\nincreasing slowly since 1989 as follows: \n\nComplaints \n\nRequests for interpret. 1989 (5 months) \n\n1990 \n\n1991 \n\n1992 (8 months) \n\n2 \n\n7 \n\n5 \n\n4 \n\n2 \n\n4 \n\n4 \n\nAll cases so far have been admissible. - 7 \n\nIn 1989 and 1990 the majority of cases were requests for \n\ninterpretation on how to apply the provisions of the code of \n\nconduct. Since 1991 complaints dominate, due to the increasing \n\nexperience with the application of the code of conduct. The bulk of these cases (15) refers to the way in which information \n\non schedules and fares is displayed. Whereas these questions were \n\npredominant in the beginning, more and more other subjects are now \n\naddressed, in particular questions of accessing the principal \n\ndisplay, of fees charged to participants, be they carriers or \n\nsubscribers, and of participation of carriers in different CRSs. The increasing number of complaints as well as the change of \n\nsubjects with their increasing complexity indicate the tough \n\ncompetition for market shares between air carriers and system \n\nvendors. In this respect questions of market access, i. e. the \n\npossibility of CRSs to compete on a fair, non-discriminatory basis \n\nin the different markets, gain more and more importance. Hitherto, most cases could be solved by agreement on a voluntary \n\nbasis, either between the Commission and the parties concerned or \n\ndirectly between the parties, with or without intervention of the \n\nCommission. No fines have been imposed so far. Most of these \n\ncases concerned the display of information. There are still 10 complaints and requests pending which are more \n\ncomplex and therefore need more time for investigation and analysis \n\nor have been submitted to the Commission recently. More detailed information on the complaints is given in the \n\nfol rowing paragraphs. Three complaints concerned the display of joint venture flights \n\nwhich could lead to screen padding by including the same flight \n\nmore than once in the principal display. The result was that a \n\ncompeting flight was only shown on the next page of the display \n\nthereby suffering a disadvantage since most bookings are made from \n\n\f- 8 -\n\nthe first page of the principal display. The complaint was \n\nresolved in making a distinction between the types of joint venture \n\nallowing each airline to display individually where they were \n\nindividually responsible for the sale of a portion of the seats \n\ni. e. a blocked space arrangement. The practices were modified \n\naccordingly. A similar problem concerning code sharing was resolved by making it \n\nclear that one specific flight can only be shown once and not for \n\neach separate flight code. A complaint concerned the fact that a reservation system allowed \n\nthe inclusion of air fares not yet approved by the authorities for \n\nits parent carrier but not similar fares for other air carriers. This practice was stopped. Such fares may be included with an \n\nappropriate annotation but it has to be without discrimination. It was also made clear following a complaint that all air fares \n\nprovided by an air carrier must be shown by a CRS. It is not \n\npossible to limit the display of fares to only these which have \n\nbeen coordinated in IATA. Two complaints concerned the possibility for \"direct access\" to air \n\ncarriers' own inventories. In the case raised it was easier to do \n\nthis operation for the parent carrier than for other participating \n\nair carriers. It was made clear that such discrimination is not \n\nposs i bIe. The procedures were changed. Three complaints concerned abuse of dominant position mainly in \n\nrespect of particpation or non-participation in competing CRSs. The complaints are treated under Article 86. One complaint concerns the pricing policy of CRSs in particular in \n\nrespect of providing free hardware to subscribers depending on a \n\ncertain number of bookings. This complaint \n\nis still under \n\nexamin\u00e2t ion. - 9 -\n\nRecently two complaints have been received. One concerns \n\ndiscrimination between a parent carrier and other participating \n\nair carriers both within and outside the Community. The other \n\nconcerns the inclusion of certain air fares. They are both \n\nunder examination. III. Worldwide aspects of CRS regulation \n\nThe more air transport is liberalized throughout the world, the \n\nmore CRSs tend to go beyond the limits of the current markets \n\nand to operate on a worldwide basis. The interest of States in \n\nintroducing their own CRS regulation is increasing. But \n\nnational or regional regulations, although helpful, will not \n\nsolve the problems in connection with worldwide operating CRSs, \n\nbecause these regulations differ in many and also important \n\naspects. The need for global cooperation and global \n\nregulations in the field of CRSs is evident. As both the ECAC and the EC code of conduct are due to be \n\nrevised, ECAC and the Commission decided to cooperate closely \n\nin this matter in order to develop just one uniform set of \n\nrules for application in whole Europe. The discussions with \n\nECAC have been very fruitful and there are good chances that \n\nthe EC and ECAC will adopt similar texts. Since 1985 ICAO, the International Civil Aviation Organization, \n\nnot only encouraged its Member States to develop their own CRS \n\nregulations, but it also established its own worldwide \n\nrecommendations for the use of CRSs. This task proved to be \n\nvery difficult because of the different and often divergent \n\ninterests of its Member States. The Commission and EC Member \n\n\f- 10 -\n\nStates participated actively in the development of the ICAO code \n\nwhich was adopted by the ICAO Council in December 1991. This \n\ncode, although it does not prescribe a single algorithm for the \n\nranking of flights, represents an important step forward towards a \n\ngeneral code to be applied worldwide. It is to be hoped that most ICAO Member States will follow as a \n\nminimum this code of conduct. However, the ICAO recommendations do \n\nnot go far enough and abuse is still possible even if these \n\nrecommendations are repeated. This was pointed out in a letter to \n\nICAO. IV. Needs for an amendment of the code of conduct \n\nThis code constituted a completely new field of legislation without \n\nprior practical experience and the Council therefore envisaged a \n\nrevision of this Regulation by 31 December 1992. This revision \n\nshould take into account the experiences with the application of \n\nthe code of conduct as well as new developments in the CRS market. As the relatively small, yet increasing number of complaints and \n\nrequests for interpretation has shown, the code of conduct has \n\nproved in general to be quite efficient. Nevertheless it turned \n\nout that some areas need amendments and further clarifications. This concerns in particular certain aspects of the principal \n\ndisplay and the ranking criteria. The algorithm itself, however, \n\nis not disputed. These clarifications will also serve to include \n\nthe provisions of the Explanatory Note on the code of conduct for \n\nCRSs(2> into the new Regulation making the Explanatory Note \n\nunnecessary. (2) 0J No C 184, 25. 7. 1990, p. 2. - 11 \n\nFurthermore, three years of experience with the code as well as the \n\nfast technical and marketing development in the CRS sector have \n\nrevealed possible weaknesses of the current code. Appropriate \n\nmodifications and safeguards against new forms of discrimination \n\nwill be needed in order to keep the code an efficient guarantor of \n\ncompet it ion. When the Council limited the present code to scheduled air \n\nservices, the Commission was invited to examine in detail the \n\nsituation concerning CRS use for non-scheduled services and to \n\npresent proposals. Since then, the third package has been adopted \n\nby the Council which removes most of the distinction between \n\nscheduled and non-scheduled services. To be consistent with this \n\npolicy and to ensure fair competition between both kinds of air \n\ntransport services, it therefore seems necessary to extend the \n\nscope of the code of conduct to non-scheduled services. This \n\nsubject has also extensively been discussed within ECAC, in close \n\ncooperation with the Commission. A majority within ECAC favours \n\nsuch an integration. One main question which has come up is the possibility for owners \n\nof a CRS virtually to bar market entry for other CRSs by refusing \n\nto participate and so preventing information on their flights \n\nbecoming available through rival systems. The question of \n\nobligatory participation has therefore been raised in particular \n\nunder Article 86 of the competition rules. Another type of abuse is possible where the owner of a CRS creates \n\na close connection between its own inventory (schedules and seat \n\navailability) and the CRS thereby securing certain advantages \n\nconcerning the availability of information. The question of \n\ndehosting has therefore come up as a means to resolve the problems. - 12 -\n\nThere are four main areas where modifications seem necessary: \n\n1. Clarifications/modifications of existing rules \n\n2. Inclusion of non-scheduled services \n\n3. Mandatory participation in CRSs \n\n4. Dehosting or specific safeguards \n\n1. Clarifications/modifications of existing rules \n\nThe current code of conduct applies to CRSs offered for use and/or \n\nused in the territory of the Community, of which the services are \n\nmade available to subscribers. But this formula and the \n\ndefinition of a subscriber did not make it clear whether corporate \n\nusers and airline offices were included in the scope of the code. The proposed modifications will make it clear that the code applies \n\nto corporate users and airline offices in general (Article 2. k). However, the use of CRSs in airline offices, clearly identified as \n\nsuch, will be exempted from the provisions concerning the principal \n\ndisplay and the ranking criteria, whereas all other provisions \n\napply (Article 20a). Clarification is also necessary with respect to loading of data \n\ninto a CRS and marketing information. System vendors will only be \n\nable to fulfil the requirements of the code with respect to the \n\ndisplay and ranking of data if the data submitted to the CRS for \n\ntheir part fulfil the requirements as set out in Article 4(1). The responsibility of a participating carrier for the quality of \n\ndata it provides to a CRS has therefore been strengthened (Article \n\n4. 1). Furthermore, intermediaries will now be required not to \n\nmanipulate data which are submitted via them in such a way that \n\nerroneous information is provided (Article 4. 1). Taking \n\ninto account \n\nthe \n\nimportance that access to market \n\ninformation \n\nhas \n\nfor \n\nthe \n\ncompetition \n\nbetween \n\ncarriers, \n\na \n\nmodification to the code of conduct will ensure that information \n\ngenerated by a CRS, when made available, is offered to all \n\nparticipating carriers at the same time (Article 6 ). - 13 -\n\nThe provision of a neutral, unbiased principal display, in \n\nparticular as regards the order in which information is presented, \n\nconstitutes the key element of the code of conduct. A number of \n\nquestions as to the meaning of the present code have been raised \n\nand dealt with in the Explanatory Note. A clear understanding of \n\nthe intentions of the code especially in this area is essential. The revised code of conduct, therefore in Article 5 and the Annex: \n\nclarifies that the principal display must always be accessed \n\nfirst except where a consumer requests information for only one \n\nair carrier; \n\nclarifies and strengthens the ranking criteria, especially with \n\nrespect to code-sharing and/or joint venture flights; \n\nintroduces specific provisions for the display of information \n\non fares. The current code of conduct allows a participating carrier or a \n\nsubscriber to terminate its contract with a system vendor without \n\npenalty after a certain period. This provision had been included in \n\norder to avoid \"liquidated damages\" in cases where a contract is \n\nterminated prematurely, because this can unfairly prevent a carrier \n\nor subscriber from changing CRSs. It has turned out, however, that in cases of termination a system \n\nvendor may be left with costs which are not directly linked to the \n\nuse of the system by a subscriber for which there may exist long-\n\nterm contracts with a third party, e. g. for hardware. Since the \n\ncode stipulates that hardware may be used with any CRS, subject to \n\ncompatibility, and in order to allow a system vendor to recover \n\nthese costs and in order to increase competition in the field of \n\nthird party hardware, a separation of contracts for the use of a \n\nCRS and the supply of the technical equipment seems appropriate. The latter will be dealt under normal contract law, unless the \n\ncontract contains conditions which directly or indirectly would \n\n\f- 14 \n\nprevent \n\na subscriber \n\nfrom changing \n\nsystems. Recovery of \n\nliquidated damages, however, remains prohibited and the contracts \n\nmay not be set up in such a way that they prevent a subscriber from \n\nchanging systems (Article 9. 4). The current code of conduct allows the use of third-party equipment \n\nif it is compatible with the system. However, the increasing use \n\nof intelligent PCs instead of dumb terminals encourages the use of \n\nthird-party software. Provisions have therefore been proposed to \n\nalso allow for third-party software provided it is compatible \n\n(Article 9. 6). The use of intelligent PCs and third-party software makes it \n\nincreasingly unmanageable for system vendors to fulfil their \n\nobligation under the code to ensure that a subscriber does not \n\nmanipulate material supplied by CRSs. The revised code of conduct \n\nrespects this development by limiting this obligation to a \n\ncontractual provision only (Article 9. 5). Another matter of constant concern to air carriers is billing \n\npractices by system vendors providing inaccurate, incomplete and \n\nunclear invoices. In order to ensure minimum standards for \n\nbilling, a new provision has been included in the code of conduct \n\n(Article 10. 2). A more detailed catalogue of requirements did not \n\nseem appropriate as the wishes of individual participating carriers \n\nvary widely in this respect. Although modern CRSs more and more are offered and used in all \n\nparts of the world, the rules under which these CRSs operate may \n\nvary considerably between different countries. As long as there \n\nis no uniform worldwide code of conduct for CRSs, the provisions on \n\nreciprocity remain a necessary and important means for system \n\nvendors and participating carriers to strive for equivalent \n\n\f- 15 -\n\ntreatment elsewhere in the world to that provided under the code of \n\nconduct. The proposed amendments to the code will make it clear \n\nthat \n\nreciprocity \n\nrules \n\nwill \n\napply \n\nregardless \n\nof \n\nwhere \n\ndiscrimination exists outside the territory of the Community \n\n(Article 7. 1 and 2 ). 2. Inclusion of non-scheduled services \n\nThe majority of air transport passengers in the Community is \n\ntravelling on non-scheduled services. However, air transport \n\nproducts offered on these services, both as package tours or \n\n\"bundled products\" where air transport only forms one element of \n\nthe whole product, and \"seat-only\" or \"unbundled products\" sold via \n\nintermediaries to the public and distributed through CRSs other \n\nthan in-house systems of air carriers and tour operators, are not \n\ncovered by the regulation. The scheduled and non-scheduled air \n\ncarriers have increasingly been competing directly in each others' \n\nmarkets, in particular with respect to unbundled products. In \n\norder to ensure fair competition both kinds of air transport should \n\nbe treated equally. Consequently, the third liberalization package \n\nintegrates scheduled and non-scheduled services. Equal treatment would also mean to give non-scheduled air carriers \n\nthe possibility to distribute their products via the same channels \n\nand in the same way as those of scheduled air carriers, providing \n\nneutral, non-misleading information to the consumer. How best to \n\nincorporate this sector in the code of conduct, bearing in mind the \n\ndifferent nature of unbundled and bundled products, has extensively \n\nbeen discussed in close cooperation with ECAC, air carriers, \n\nconsumers and Member States. The solution which serves consumer interests best and ensures non \n\ndiscrimination between both kinds of air transport seems to be to \n\ninclude non-scheduled services in the scope of the code of conduct \n\nand to \n\nintegrate unbundled products \n\nin the same display \n\n\f- 16 -\n\nirrespective of whether they are offered on scheduled or non-\n\nscheduled services (Articles 1, 2 and the Annex). However, full \n\ninclusion in the principal display of bundled products, apart from \n\nthe actual flights, would severely limit the transparency of such \n\ndisplays. The detailed information on bundled products will \n\ntherefore be displayed on secondary displays (Article 5. 4). The \n\ngeneral principles and rules of the code, however, will also apply \n\nto bundled products (Article 1 ). The proposed amendments will ensure non-discriminatory distribution \n\nof information on unbundled products on scheduled and non-scheduled \n\nservices. Nevertheless, in order to make clear that the products \n\nare basically the same, but not identical, non-scheduled services \n\nhave to be clearly identified in the interest of the consumer. For the same reason, the consumer shall also be afforded the \n\npossibility of having, on request, the principal display limited to \n\nscheduled air services (Article 5. 2b). 3. Mandatory participation in CRSs \n\nWhen introducing the code of conduct, one of the objectives was to \n\nensure fair competition between CRSs. There is no doubt that \n\nnon-participation of an air carrier, in particular when it is \n\ndominant in a market, can seriously disadvantage a CRS and thus \n\ndistort competition between CRSs. On the other hand, it has also \n\nto be taken into account that mandatory participation in all CRSs \n\nat the highest level of functionality would seriously affect \n\ncompetition between air carriers, weaken their negotiating power \n\ntowards system vendors and hinder the incentives to further \n\nenhancements as well as introducing a substantial cost element \n\nwhich would in particular damage small and medium-sized air \n\ncarriers. Furthermore, as long as Community air carriers and \n\nCRSs are not given the same treatment and possibilities in third \n\ncountries as carriers/CRSs of these countries enjoy in the \n\nCommunity, a full participation at the highest \n\nlevel will \n\ndisadvantage Community air carriers and CRSs. - 17 -\n\nIt is possible to deal with this problem either under the \n\ncompetition rules or in the code of conduct. The latter approach, \n\nhowever, would seem to have the advantage that the code of conduct \n\napplies to all CRSs used and/or offered for use in the Community, \n\nbe they single or multi-owned, whereas an amendment to the group \n\nexemptions concerning agreements between undertakings relating to \n\nCRSs would only apply to multi-owned CRSs although naturally \n\nArticle 86 applies to single-owned systems. The revised code of conduct aims to establish a balance between \n\nthe different interests concerned. The relevant provision in \n\nArticle 3a is restricted to parent carriers and their affiliates. It will require such an air carrier to provide to a competing CRS, \n\non request, the same \n\ninformation on schedules, fares and \n\navailability on its services as it provides to its own CRS and to \n\naccept bookings on its flights from these other CRSs. As \n\nparticipation in other systems may impose a severe economic burden \n\non small and medium-sized carriers the costs which they may be \n\nrequired to pay have been limited to the costs for the reproduction \n\nof the information to be provided and the booking fees. In this \n\nway it will be ensured that the economic viability of small \n\ncarriers is not endangered. Dehosting or specific safeguards \n\nAn issue of major concern to air carriers is the possibility for a \n\nparent carrier to obtain competitive advantages by virtue of the \n\nfact that its internal reservation system is not separated from \n\nthe externally marketed CRS. It is claimed that dehosting is a \n\nprerequisite for equal, non-discriminatory treatment of parent and \n\nparticipating carriers in CRSs and for undistorted competition \n\nbetween air carriers. Dehosting means that the CRS functions must \n\nbe separated from the internal reservation and inventory functions \n\nof air carriers. - 18 -\n\nSome existing CRSs are dehosted. In cases where the publicly \n\nmarketed CRS also serves as the parent carriers's internal \n\nreservation system it may enjoy advantages in respect of real-time \n\nup-dating of schedules, last seat availability and up-to-date \n\ninformation \n\non \n\nfares, \n\nwhereas \n\nthe \n\nsame \n\ninformation \n\nfor \n\nparticipating carriers will depend on the telecommunication links \n\nestablished and the loading methods available and selected. This \n\ngain of time for a parent carrier of a non-dehosted CRS and the \n\nhigher reliability of its data in that CRS may be a decisive \n\ncompetitive advantage. Furthermore, CRSs generate a lot of marketing information on \n\nbookings, routes, markets, etc. which are essential for the \n\nbusiness policy of an air carrier. A parent carrier of a non-\n\ndehosted CRS may have more or less unrestricted, at least quicker \n\naccess to this marketing information than participating carriers. The competitive advantage of this is evident. For these reasons dehosting is put forward as a solution to this \n\nproblem. On the other hand: \n\n(a) It is doubtful whether dehosting in itself will eliminate bias \n\nof a CRS in favour of the hosted carrier. The internal and \n\nexternal functions will still be close and the control of the \n\nCRS remains in the same hands. (b) Mandatory dehosting may also cause political difficulties with \n\nthird countries. This may, in return, have repercussions on \n\nthe treatment of Community air carriers to their disadvantage \n\nin these countries. As long as dehosting is not a requirement \n\non a worldwide basis such action has to be considered \n\ncarefully. - 19 -\n\nThe proposed modifications in Articles 4. 4 and 6 of the code \n\ntherefore do not include dehosting but concentrates on getting the \n\nunderlying principles right. Provisions are introduced which will \n\nensure equal treatment by establishing \"Chinese walls\" by technical \n\nmeans and appropriate software safeguards between the internal \n\nreservation system and the CRS and by prohibiting the parent \n\ncarrier from reserving any specific loading and up-dating method \n\nfor itself. V. Comments on individual Articles \n\nArt icle 1 \n\nEditorial changes \n\nArt icle 2 (a. b and c) \n\nNew definitions in order to include non-scheduled services with \n\nboth unbundled and bundled air transport products. Article 2 (d. formerly I) \n\nEditorial change to ensure consistency of the terminology of the \n\ncode. Art icle 2 (e) \n\nNew definition because of the inclusion of non-scheduled air \n\nservices. Article 2 (g. formerly c) \n\nClarification. The code only applies to CRSs whose services are \n\nmade available to subscribers. Article 2 (J. formerly f) \n\nClarification to ensure equal treatment of parent and participating \n\ncarriers with respect to access to marketing information. Article 2 (k. formerly g) \n\nAmendment to make it clear that corporate users are included. - 20 -\n\nArticle 2 (m. formerly i) \n\nClar if icat ion. Article 2 (o. formerly k) \n\nEditorial change for consistency with the terminology of the code. Article 3(1) \n\nClarification. Article 3(2c) \n\nModification to make it clear that system vendors are only allowed \n\nto recover their direct costs in cases of a normal contract \n\ntermination (in accordance with this paragraph). Art icle 3a \n\nIntroduction of an obligation on parent carriers and their \n\naffiliates not to discriminate against competing CRSs by obliging \n\nthem to provide the same information on own services to competing \n\nCRSs as to their own CRS and with equal timeliness. This Article \n\nshould be read in conjunction with Article 8. 3 for the question of \n\nt icket ing. Art icle 4(1) \n\nClarification of the participating carriers' obligation with \n\nrespect to the quality of data provided for inclusion in a CRS. Furthermore, \n\nthe \n\nprovision \n\nprevents \n\nintermediaries \n\nfrom \n\nmanipulating data submitted via them for inclusion in a CRS so that \n\nerroneous information results. Article 4(3) \n\nWhile requiring in principle a system vendor to load and process \n\ndata submitted to its CRS with equal care and timeliness, it is \n\nrecognized that there might be technical constraints which will \n\nlead to different treatment. This will be allowed as long as the \n\nconstraints are outside the control of a system vendor. - 21 -\n\nArticle 4(4) \n\nInclusion necessary to ensure that no parent carrier enjoys \n\ncompetitive advantages over its competitors with respect to quicker \n\nand more reliable loading and up-dating of data. This provision \n\nshould be read in conjunction with paragraph 3. 1. Art icle 5 \n\nReordered and partly reworded for clarification. Article 5(2a) \n\nThe text now makes it clear that even when a consumer has \n\nintroduced certain limitations the resulting display shall still be \n\nneutral, in other words it is still to be treated, to the extent \n\npossible, as a principal display. Article 5(3) \n\nClarification \n\nto ensure \n\nthat \n\nthe \n\nprinciples \n\nof \n\naccuracy, \n\ncomprehensiveness, etc. also apply to displays of air fares. Article 5(4) \n\nTo clarify that the principal display is reserved for information \n\non flights and types of air transport products. Article 6(1) and (2) \n\nReordered and with editorial changes for clarification. The \n\nmodifications in Article 6 (1b) will ensure that no parent carrier \n\ncan reserve any information from its CRS for itself and that the \n\ninformation has to be offered to all participating carriers with \n\nequal timeliness, but recognizing that participating carriers may \n\nchoose different transmission methods. Article 6(3) \n\nInclusion necessary to ensure that only carriers or persons, who \n\nare entitled by the provisions in paragraphs 1 and 2, have access \n\nto the data and in particular that no parent carrier has \n\nunauthorized access to information generated by its CRS. - 22 -\n\nArticle 7(1) and (2) \n\nEditorial adaptations because of modifications elsewhere in the \n\ncode of conduct. The amendments will also clarify that Community \n\nair carriers and/or system vendor will have the right to deviate \n\nfrom the obligations under the code of conduct if they are \n\ndiscriminated against and not accorded equivalent treatment to that \n\nprovided under the code outside the territory of the Community, \n\nregardless where. Within the Community the code applies and \n\ncompliance with its provisions can be assured by the procedures set \n\nout in Articles 11 to 20. Article 8(1) and (2) \n\nClar ificat ion. Article 8(3) \n\nClar i f icat ion. Article 9(4) \n\nThe new wording of this paragraph allows for a separation of \n\ncontracts for the use of a CRS on one side and the supply of \n\ntechnical equipment on the other side, the latter being subject to \n\nnormal contract law. The provision will also limit a system \n\nvendor to recover only direct costs related to a normal termination \n\nof the contract (according to this paragraph) for use of a CRS, but \n\nno liquidated damages. Article 9(5) \n\nReordered and modified for clarification. The obligation on \n\nsystem vendors to ensure that subscribers do not manipulate data \n\nsupplied by CRSs has been mitigated because its enforcement does \n\nnot seem possible any longer with the use of intelligent PCs and \n\nthe permission of third-party software in travel agencies. Article 9(6) \n\nModification to allow for third-party software. - 23 -\n\nArticle 10(1) \n\nModification to increase transparency of the fee structure so that \n\nparticipating carriers may only use and pay for services they \n\nreal I y need. Article 10(2) \n\nInclusion to provide for basic billing requirements. Art icle 20a \n\nThis provision exempts CRSs used in airline offices and sales \n\ncounters, clearly identified as such, from the requirements for the \n\nprincipal display and the ranking criteria. Annex \n\nThe Annex has been reordered for clarification and modified, where \n\nnecessary, in order to include non-scheduled services. In the heading \n\nit is already made clear, that the Annex only applies to flights \n\noffering unbundled products, both on scheduled and non-scheduled \n\nservices. Paragraph 2 \n\nEditorial changes \n\nParagraph 3 \n\nClar if icat ion. Paragraph 4 \n\nThe provisions of this paragraph have to be read in conjunction with \n\nparagraph 3. Paragraph 5 \n\nInclusion necessary for transparency in the interest of the consumer to \n\ndistinguish between scheduled and non-scheduled services in the \n\nprincipal display. - 24 -\n\nParagraph 7 \n\nInclusion necessary for transparency in the interest of the consumer. Paragraph 8 \n\nModifications necessary to avoid that the same air service appears more \n\nthan once in a display. Paragraph 9 \n\nThis provision covers mainly scheduled services but the second part \n\nwill also, as appropriate, apply to non-scheduled services. Paragraph 10 \n\nClarification and strenghtening of the existing requirement. - 25 -\n\nProposal for a \n\nCOUNCIL REGULATION (EEC) \n\namending Regulation (EEC) No 2299/89 on a code of conduct for \n\ncomputerized reservation systems \n\nTHE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, \n\nHaving regard to the Treaty establishing the European Economic \n\nCommunity, and in particular Article 84(2) thereof, \n\nHaving regard to the proposal from the Commission^1), \n\nHaving regard to the opinion of the European Par Iiament^2), \n\nHaving regard to the opinion of the Economic and Social Committee^3), \n\nWhereas Council Regulation (EEC) No 2299/89( 4) constitutes a \n\nsignificant step in respect of undistorted competition between air \n\ncarriers and between computer reservation systems, thereby protecting \n\nthe interests of consumers; \n\nWhereas it is necessary to extend the scope of Regulation (EEC) \n\nNo 2299/89 and to clarify its provisions and it is appropriate to take \n\nthese measures at Community level to ensure that the objectives of the \n\nRegulation are met in all Member States; \n\nWhereas this Regulation is without prejudice to the application of \n\nArticles 85 and 86 of the Treaty; \n\n(1) \n\n(2) \n\n(3) \n\n(4) OJ No L 220, 29. 7. 1989, p. 1 \n\n\f- 26 -\n\nWhereas Commission Regulation (EEC) No 83/91( 5 ), as amended by \n\nRegulation (EEC) No 3618/92(6>, exempts from the provisions of Article \n\n85(1) of the Treaty agreements for the common purchase, development and \n\noperation of computer reservation systems; \n\nWhereas the majority of air transport passengers in the territory of \n\nthe Community travels on non-scheduled services; \n\nWhereas the bulk of these journeys are package tours or bundled \n\nproducts with air transport forming only one element of the whole \n\nproduct ; \n\nWhereas \"seat-only\" or unbundled products on non-scheduled services \n\ncompete in principle directly with air transport products offered on \n\nscheduled services; \n\nWhereas it is desirable to treat same products equally and to ensure \n\nfair competition between both kinds of air transport products and a \n\nneutral dissemination of information to the consumer; \n\nWhereas it is appropriate to deal with all matters of use of computer \n\nreservation systems for all kinds of air transport products in the same \n\nCouncil Regulation; \n\nWhereas it would not be appropriate that bundled air transport products \n\nare integrated in the principal display; \n\nWhereas it is desirable to clarify that Regulation (EEC) No 2299/89 \n\nshould apply to computer reservation systems offered and/or used in the \n\nterritory of the Community (except for those provisions on the \n\nprincipal display and the ranking criteria for systems used by an \n\nairline in its own office clearly identified as such) and to all final \n\nconsumers, be they individual members of the public or corporate users; \n\n(5) OJ No L 10, 15. 1. 1991, p. 9. (6) OJ No L 367, 16. 12. 1992, p. 16. - 27 \n\nWhereas a clear distinction between a contract for participation in or \n\nallowing for use of a system and the supply of the technical equipment \n\nitself is appropriate, the latter being subject to normal contract law, \n\nthus allowing a system vendor to claim at least his direct costs in the \n\ncase of termination of a contract in accordance with the provisions of \n\nthis R\u00e9gul\u00e2t ion; \n\nWhereas denial on the part of parent carriers to participate in systems \n\nother than their own can seriously distort competition between computer \n\nreservation systems and/or air carriers-, \n\nWhereas a parent carrier may enjoy unfair advantages arising from its \n\ncontrol over its computer reservation system in the competition between \n\nair carriers; whereas therefore total equality of treatment of parent \n\nand participating carriers is necessary to the extent that a parent \n\ncarrier uses the facilities of its own system; \n\nWhereas it is desirable in the consumer's interest that a principal \n\ndisplay shall always be provided for each transaction requested by a \n\nconsumer, \n\nHAS ADOPTED THIS REGULATION: \n\nArticle 1 \n\nRegulation (EEC) No 2299/89 is hereby amended as follows: \n\n1. Articles 1, 2 and 3 are replaced by the following: \n\n\"Article 1 \n\nThis Regulation shall apply to computerized reservation systems \n\nrelating to air transport products, when offered for use and/or used in \n\nthe territory of the Community irrespective of: \n\nthe status or nationality of the system vendor-, \n\n\f- 28 -\n\nthe source of the information used or the location of the relevant \n\ncentral data processing unit-, \n\nthe geographical location of the air transport product concerned. Article 2 \n\nFor the purposes of this Regulation: \n\n(a) 'unbundled air transport product' means the carriage by air of a \n\npassenger between two airports, including any related ancillary \n\nservices and additional benefits offered for sale and/or sold as an \n\nintegral part of that product; \n\n(b) 'bundled air transport product' means a pre-arranged combination of \n\nan unbundled air transport product with other services not \n\nancillary to air transport, offered for sale and/or sold at an \n\ninclusive pr ice-, \n\n(c) 'air transport product' means both unbundled and bundled air \n\ntransport products; \n\n(d) 'scheduled air service' means a series of flights each possessing \n\nall the following characteristics: \n\nit is performed by aircraft for the transport of passengers or \n\npassengers and cargo and/or mail for remuneration, in such a \n\nmanner that on each flight seats are available for individual \n\npurchase by consumers (either directly from the air carrier or \n\nfrom its authorized agents); \n\n\f- 29 -\n\nit is operated so as to serve traffic between the same two or \n\nmore points, either: \n\n1. according to a published timetable-, or \n\n2. with flights so regular or frequent that they constitute a \n\nrecognizably systematic series; \n\n(e) 'fare' means the price to be paid for unbundled air transport \n\nproducts and the conditions under which this price applies; \n\n(f) 'computerized reservation system' (CRS) means a computerized system \n\ncontaining information about, inter alia, air carriers' \n\n- schedules, \n\n- availabiIity, \n\n- fares, and \n\n- related services, \n\nwith or without facilities through which \n\n- reservations can be made or \n\n- tickets may be issued, \n\nto the extent that some or all of these services are made available \n\nto subscr ibers-, \n\n(g) 'distribution facilities' means facilities provided by a system \n\nvendor to a subscriber for the provision of information about air \n\ncarriers' schedules, availability, fares and related services and \n\nfor making reservations and/or issuing tickets, and for any other \n\nrelated services; \n\n\f- 30 -\n\n(h) 'system vendor' means any entity and its affiliates which are \n\nresponsible for the operation or marketing of a CRS; \n\n(i) 'parent carrier' means any air carrier which is a system vendor or \n\nwhich directly or indirectly, alone or Jointly with others, owns or \n\ncontrols a system vendor, as well as any air carrier which is owned \n\nand/or controlled by it; \n\n(J) 'participating carrier' means an air carrier which has an agreement \n\nwith a system vendor for the distribution of air transport products \n\nthrough a CRS. To the extent that a parent carrier uses the \n\ndistribution and/or information facilities of its own CRS, it shall \n\nbe considered a participating carrier; \n\n(k) 'subscriber' means a person or an undertaking, other than a \n\nparticipating carrier, using the facilities of a CRS under contract \n\nor other arrangement with a system vendor; \n\n(I) 'consumer' means any person seeking information about and/or \n\nintending to purchase an air transport product; \n\n(m) 'principal display' means a comprehensive neutral display of data \n\nconcerning air services between city-pairs, within a specified time \n\nper iod; \n\n(n) 'elapsed journey time' means the time difference between scheduled \n\ndeparture and arrival time; \n\n(o) 'service enhancement' means any product or service offered by a \n\nsystem vendor on its own behalf to subscribers in conjunction with \n\na CRS other than distribution facilities. 31 -\n\nArticle 3 \n\n1. A system vendor shall allow any air carrier the opportunity to \n\nparticipate, on an equal and non-discriminatory basis, in its \n\ndistribution facilities within the available capacity of the system \n\nconcerned and subject to any technical constraints outside the control \n\nof the system vendor. 2. (a) A system vendor shall not: \n\nattach unreasonable conditions to any contract with a \n\nparticipating carrier; \n\nrequire the acceptance of supplementary conditions which, \n\nby their nature or according to commercial usage, have no \n\nconnection with participation in its CRS and shall apply \n\nthe same conditions for the same level of service. (b) A system vendor shall not make it a condition of participation \n\nin its CRS that a participating carrier may not at the same \n\ntime be a participant in another system. (c) A participating carrier may terminate its contract with a \n\nsystem vendor on giving notice which need not exceed six \n\nmonths, to expire no earlier than the end of the first year. In such a case a system vendor may not be entitled to recover \n\nmore than the costs directly related to the termination of the \n\ncontract. 3. Loading and processing facilities provided by the system vendor \n\nshall be offered to all participating carriers without discrimination. - 32 -\n\n4. If the system vendor adds any improvement to the distribution \n\nfacilities provided or the equipment used in the provision of the \n\nfacilities, it shall offer these improvements to all participating \n\ncarriers on the same terms and conditions, subject to current technical \n\nI imit\u00e2t ions. \" \n\n2. The following Article 3a is inserted: \n\n\"Article 3a \n\n1. (a) A parent carrier may not discriminate against a competing \n\nCRS by refusing to provide to a competing CRS with equal \n\ntimeliness the same information on schedules, fares and \n\navailability relating to its own air services as it \n\nprovides to its CRS or to distribute its air transport \n\nproducts through another CRS to the same extent, at the \n\nsame level, as promptly or on comparable terms as through \n\nits own CRS, or by refusing to accept a reservation made \n\nthrough a competing CRS for any of its air transport \n\nproducts which are distributed through its own CRS. (b) The parent carrier shall not be obliged to accept any costs \n\nin this connection except for reproduction of the \n\ninformation to be provided and for the bookings made. 2. Subject to the procedure set out in Article 7(3) and (4), the \n\nobligation imposed by this Article shall not apply in favour of a \n\ncompeting CRS which is in breach of Article 4(4) or whose parent \n\ncarriers have access to information in breach of Article 6. \" \n\n\f- 33 -\n\n3. Articles 4, 5 and 6 are replaced by the following: \n\n\"Article 4 \n\n1. Participating carriers and others providing material for inclusion \n\nin a CRS shall ensure that the data submitted are comprehensive, \n\naccurate, non-misleading and transparent, inter al8a. enabling a system \n\nvendor to meet the requirements of the ranking criteria as set out in \n\nthe Annex. Data submitted via intermediaries shall not be manipulated by them in a \n\nmanner that would lead to inaccurate, misleading or discriminatory \n\ninformat ion. 2. A system vendor shall not manipulate the material referred to in \n\nparagraph 1 in a manner that would lead to inaccurate, misleading or \n\ndiscriminatory information being provided. 3. A system vendor shall \n\nload and process data provided by \n\nparticipating carriers with equal care and timeliness subject only to \n\nthe constraints of the loading method selected by individual \n\nparticipating carriers and to the standard formats used by the said \n\nvendor. 4. A parent carrier shall not reserve any specific loading and/or \n\nprocessing procedure for itself. Article 5 \n\n1. (a) Displays by a CRS shall be clear and non-discriminatory. (b) A system vendor shall not intentionally or negligently display \n\nin its CRS inaccurate or misleading information. - 34 -\n\n2. (a) A system vendor shall provide through its CRS a principal \n\ndisplay for each individual transaction and shall include \n\ntherein the data provided by participating carriers on flight \n\nschedules, fare types and seat availability in a clear and \n\ncomprehensive manner and without discrimination or bias, in \n\nparticular as regards the order \n\nin which information is \n\npresented within the limits specified by the consumer at any \n\none time. (b) The consumer shall be afforded the possibility of having, on \n\nrequest, the principal display \n\nlimited to scheduled air \n\nservices. (c) In constructing and selecting city-pairs for inclusion in the \n\nprincipal display no discrimination on the basis of airports \n\nserving the same city shall be effected. (d) Ranking of flight options in the principal display shall be as \n\nset out in the Annex, within the limits specified by the \n\nconsumer at any one time. (e) Criteria to be used for ranking shall not be based on any \n\nfactor directly or indirectly relating to carrier identity and \n\nshall \n\nbe applied on a non-discriminatory basis to all \n\nparticipating carriers. 3. Where a system vendor provides information on fares in a separate \n\ndisplay this display shall be neutral and non-discriminatory and shall \n\ncontain at \n\nleast \n\nthe fares provided \n\nfor all \n\nthe flights of \n\nparticipating \n\ncarriers \n\nshown \n\nin \n\nthe \n\nprincipal \n\ndisplay. This \n\ninformation shall be made available within the limits specified by the \n\nconsumer at any one time. - 35 -\n\n4. Information on bundled products as to, inter alia, who is \n\norganizing the tour, places available and prices, shall not be \n\ndisplayed in the principal display. Article 6 \n\n1. Information, statistical or otherwise, may be made available by a \n\nsystem vendor from its CRS only in accordance with the following \n\nconditions: \n\n(a) information concerning individual bookings on an equal basis to the \n\nair carrier or air carriers participating in the service covered by \n\nthe booking; \n\n(b) information when offered, in aggregate or anonymous form, to \n\nparticipating air carriers, including parent carriers, on a non \n\ndiscriminatory basis at the same time and to the same extent and on \n\ncondition that, when requested, it is provided with equal \n\ntimeliness, subject to the transmission method selected by the \n\nindividual carrier; \n\n(c) other information with the consent of the air carrier concerned and \n\nsubject to any agreement between a system vendor and participating \n\ncarriers. 2. A system vendor shall make available personal information \n\nconcerning a passenger and generated by a subscriber to others not \n\ninvolved in the transaction only with the consent of the passenger. 3. A system vendor shall ensure by technical means and appropriate \n\nsafeguards at least regarding software that the limitations on access \n\nto information specified in paragraphs 1 and 2 are complied with. - 36 -\n\nIn particular in the case where the same technical facilities are used \n\nby the CRS and one or more carriers for (its) their own activities, the \n\nsystem vendor must not reserve to the abovementioned carriers, data, \n\nprocessing or information which are not available to the other \n\nparticipating carriers, or which are provided under \n\ndifferent \n\ncond i t i ons. \" \n\n4. Article 7(1) and (2) are replaced by the following: \n\n\"1. The obligations of a system vendor under Articles 3 to 6 shall not \n\napply in respect of a parent carrier of a third country to the extent \n\nthat its CRS outside the territory of the Community does not offer \n\nCommunity air carriers equivalent treatment to that provided under this \n\nRegulation and under Commission Regulation (EEC) No \n\n* \n\n2. The obligations of parent or_ participating carriers under Articles \n\n3a, 4 and 8 shall not apply in respect of a CRS controlled by (an) air \n\ncarrier(s) of one or more third country (countries) to the extent that \n\nthe parent or participating carrier(s) \n\nis (are) not accorded \n\nequivalent treatment outside the territory of the Community to that \n\nprovided under this Regulation and under Regulation (EEC) No \n\n*0J No L \n\n5. Article 8 is replaced by the fol lowing: : \n\n\"1. A parent carrier shall not, directly or indirectly, link the use \n\nof any specific CRS by a subscriber with the receipt of any commission \n\nor other incentive or disincentive for the sale of air transport \n\nproducts available on its flights. 2. A parent carrier shall not, directly or indirectly, require use of \n\nany specific CRS by a subscriber for any sale or issue of tickets for \n\nany air transport products provided either directly or indirectly by \n\nitself. - 37 -\n\n3. Any condition which an air carrier may require of a travel agent \n\nwhen authorizing it to sell and issue tickets for its air transport \n\nproducts shall be without prejudice to paragraphs 1 and 2. \" \n\n6. Article 9(4), (5) and (6) are replaced by the following: \n\n\"4. (a) A system vendor shall not attach unreasonable conditions to any \n\nsubscriber contract allowing for the use of its CRS and, in \n\nparticular, a subscriber may terminate its contract with a \n\nsystem vendor on giving notice which need not exceed three \n\nmonths to expire no earlier than the end of the first year. In such a case a system vendor may not be entitled to recover \n\nmore than the costs directly related to the termination of the \n\ncontract. (b) Subject to paragraph 2, the supply of technical equipment is \n\nnot subject to the conditions set out in (a). 5. A system vendor shall provide in each subscriber contract that: \n\n(a) the principal display, conforming to Article 5, is accessed \n\nfor each individual transaction except where a consumer \n\nrequests information for only one air carrier or where the \n\nconsumer \n\nrequests information for bundled air transport \n\nproducts alone; \n\n(b) the subscriber does not manipulate material supplied by CRSs in \n\na manner that would \n\nlead to inaccurate, misleading or \n\ndiscriminatory presentation of information to consumers. 6. A system vendor shall not impose any obligation on a subscriber to \n\naccept an offer of technical equipment or software, but may require \n\nthat equipment and software used are compatible with its own system. \" \n\n\f- 38 -\n\n7. Article 10(1) is replaced by the following: \n\n\"1. Any fee charged by a system vendor shall be non-discriminatory, \n\nreasonably structured and reasonably related to the cost of the service \n\nprovided and used, and shall, in particular, be the same for the same \n\nlevel of service. The billing for the services of a CRS shall be sufficiently detailed to \n\nallow the participating carriers and subscribers to see exactly which \n\nservices have been used and the fees therefore. \" \n\n8. Article 21 is replaced by the following: \n\n\"Article 21 \n\nThe provisions in Article 5, Article 9(5) and the Annex to this \n\nRegulation shall not apply to a CRS used by an air carrier or a group \n\nof air carriers in its (their) own office and sales counters, clearly \n\nident ified as such. \" \n\n9. Article 23 is replaced by the following: \n\n\"Article 23 \n\nThe Council shall decide on the revision of this Regulation by \n\n31 December 1997, on the basis of a Commission proposal to be submitted \n\nby 31 March 1997 accompanied by a report on the application of this \n\nRegulation. \" \n\n10. The Annex is replaced by the Annex hereto. - 39 -\n\nArt icle 2 \n\nThis Regulation shall enter into force on 1 April 1993. This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly \n\napplicable in all Member States. Done at Brussels, \n\nFor the Council \n\nThe President \n\n\f- 40 -\n\nANNEX \n\n\"RANKING CRITERIA FOR FLIGHTS OFFERING \n\nUNBUNDLED AIR TRANSPORT PRODUCTS \n\n1. Ranking of flight options in principal displays, for the day or \n\ndays requested, shall be in the following order unless requested in \n\na different way by a consumer for an individual transaction: \n\n(i) \n\nall non-stop direct \n\nflights between the city-pairs \n\nconcerned; \n\n(ii) \n\nother direct flights, not involving a change of aircraft, \n\nbetween the city-pairs concerned; \n\n( M i) \n\nconnecting flights. 2. Consumer shall at least be afforded the possibility of having, on \n\nrequest, the principal display ranked by departure or arrival time \n\nand/or elapsed journey time. Unless otherwise requested by a \n\nconsumer, a principal display shall be ranked by departure time for \n\ngroup (I) and elapsed journey time for groups (ii) and (iii). 3. Where a system vendor chooses to display information for any city-\n\npair in relation to the schedules or fares of non-participating \n\ncarriers, but not necessarily all such carriers, such information \n\nshall be displayed in an accurate, non-misleading and non \n\ndiscriminatory manner as between those carriers displayed. - 41 \n\n4. If, to the best knowledge of the system vendor, information as to \n\nthe number of direct scheduled air services and the identity of the \n\nair carriers concerned is not comprehensive, this shall be clearly \n\nstated on the relevant display. 5. Flights other than scheduled air services shall be clearly \n\nidentified. 6. Flights involving stops en route shall be clearly identified. 7. For code-sharing and/or Joint venture flights the air carrier \n\nactually operating the flight shall be clearly identified. 8. A system vendor shall not use the screen space in its principal \n\ndisplays in a manner which gives excessive exposure to one \n\nparticular travel option or which displays unrealistic travel \n\noptions. For direct services, no flight shall be shown more than \n\nonce in a principal display. For multi-sector services involving a change of aircraft, no \n\ncombination of flights shall be shown more than once in a principal \n\ndisplay. 9. A principal display shall, wherever practicable, include connecting \n\nflights on scheduled air services of participating carriers \n\nconstructed by using a minimum number of nine connecting points. A \n\nsystem vendor shall accept a request by a participating carrier to \n\ninclude an indirect service unless the routing is in excess of 130% \n\nof the great circle distance between the two airports. Connecting \n\npoints with routings in excess of 130% need not be used. 10. Flights, involving a change of aircraft, shall be treated and \n\ndisplayed as connecting flights, with one line per aircraft \n\nsegment. \" \n\n\f\fISSN 0254-1475 \n\nCOM(92) 404 final \n\nDOCUMENTS \n\nEN \n\n15 \n\nCatalogue number : CB-CO-92-625-EN-C \n\nISBN 92-77-51368-3 \n\nOffice for Official Publications of the European Communities \n\nL-2985 Luxembourg"}
+{"cellarURIs": "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/41816eac-a8e9-4597-adb3-d671f8474c78", "title": "PROPOSAL FOR A COUNCIL DECISION ON COMMUNITY MEMBERSHIP OF THE EUROPEAN INVESTMENT FUND", "langIdentifier": "ENG", "mtypes": "pdf,pdfa1b,print", "workTypes": "http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#act_preparatory,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#proposal_act,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#proposal_other,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#resource_legal,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#work", "authors": "European Commission", "date": "1993-01-12", "subjects": "European Commission,development bank,investment,shareholding,small and medium-sized enterprises,transport network", "workIds": "celex:51993PC0003,comnat:COM_1993_0003_FIN,oj:JOC_1993_037_R_0020_01", "eurovoc_concepts": ["European Commission", "development bank", "investment", "shareholding", "small and medium-sized enterprises", "transport network"], "url": "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/41816eac-a8e9-4597-adb3-d671f8474c78", "lang": "eng", "formats": ["pdf", "pdfa1b", "print"], "text": "COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES \n\nC0MC93) 3 \n\nf i n al \n\nBrussels, 12 January 1993 \n\nTHE EUROPEAN INVESTMENT FUND \n\n(EIF) \n\nPROPOSAL FOR AN \nADDITION TO THE PROTOCOL ON THE \nSTATUTE OF THE EUROPEAN INVESTMENT BANK \n\nempowering the Board of Governors of the EIB \nto establish the European Investment Fund \n\nPROPOSAL FOR A COUNCIL DECISION ON \nCOMMUNITY MEMBERSHIP OF THE \nEUROPEAN INVESTMENT FUND \n\n(PRESENTED BY THE COMMISSION) \n\n'-i^& \n\n\\ ,mm \n\n4. \u2014z\u00ca\u00cb\u00eeM \n\n\u00ef\u00a3=24\u00b1^i&pyt\u00ef \n\nF \n\nv? V S5 \n\n\fTHE EUROPEAN INVESTMENT FUND (EIF) \n\nExplanatory Memorandum \n\nA. INTRODUCTION \n\nIn the context of promoting economic recovery in Europe, a proposal to \nset up a European Investment Fund (EIF) was endorsed by the European \nCouncil in Edinburgh on 11 and 12 December, who invited the Council and \nthe EIB to give urgent and sympathetic consideration to the \nestablishment as quickly as possible of the Fund. The discussions on the Fund were originally initiated by the Commission \nrepresentatives in the Bank's Board of Directors and reflected the \nconcern - also highlighted In C0M(92) 2000 - that the Bank should be \nable to contribute fully to the pursuit of the Community's objectives \nby assuming and managing more specific risks without jeopardizing its \ncredit standing and mainstream lending. A Working Party of Board \nMembers (principally representatives of Ministries of Finance) was \nmandated to conduct a detailed examination of the modalities and to \nwork out specific proposals. B. PESCRtPTIQN OF THE EIF \n\nThe Fund is a tripartite organization In which the Community, the EIB \nand other financial institutions will participate. The main objectives of the Fund will be to contribute to the \nstrengthening of the Internal market and the furthering of economic and \nsocial cohesion. Major Infrastructure projects in the framework of the \ntranseuropean networks (TENs), as well as small and medium-sized \nenterprises (SMEs), especially in Community assisted areas, constitute \nthe main targets of support of the EIF. Other projects, for example in \nthe areas of environmental protection and energy production, may become \neligible later after decision of the Fund's ruling bodies. The Fund's operations will predominantly take the form of fInane la I \nguarantees, while the provision of equity will constitute a secondary \nactivity and be developed at a later stage. Loan guarantees are, \nbesides feasibility studies and interest subsidies, one of the three \nways set out In the Union Treaty (Title XII, Art. 129C) in which the \nCommunity should concentrate Its financial interventions In favour of \nTEN projects. The targetting of SMEs, especially in Community assisted \nareas, on the other hand, corresponds to the objectives of both Title \nXI I I (Industry) and Title XIV (Economic and Social Cohesion) of the new \nTreaty. The operations of the Fund will be co-ordinated, where \nnecessary, with other forms of Community Intervention. The EIF is intended to direct the main part of its activities towards \nprojects that should operate wholly or partially on a self-financing or \ncommercial basis. The existence of the Fund will thus facilitate \nprivate Infrastructure financing by providing a complement or \nalternative to recourse to government guarantees for infrastructure \nfinancing. The viability criterion will also be an essential element in \nits approach to SMEs. /. T \n\n\f2. The EIF Itself will operate on a self-sustaining basis and therefore \nseek an acceptable return on Invested capital by charging Its services \nin line with market practices. As a separate legal entity, Its accounts \nwill be totally distinct from those of the EIB, although It will be \ncreated by decision of the Bank's Board of Governors. It will also be \nmanaged on a day-to-day basis by the EIB under mandate. Supervision and direction of the Fund's policy and activities will take \nplace at the level of Its General Meeting, Supervisory Board and \nFinancial Committee. The contributions from the Community budget wi I I \nbe subject to the provisions of Article 24 of the Financial Regulation \nand to the normal control of the Court of Auditors. C. CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS \n\nThe initial subscribed capital amounts to ECU 2 billion. According to \ninitial estimates based on the prudential ratios suggested for the EIF, \nthis would cover between 5 and 10 billion ECUs of guarantees. The \nCommunity budget will provide 30% of the Initial capital, the EIB 40% \nand other financial institutions the remaining 30%. Only 20% of subscribed capital will be paid-in; as far as the \nCommunity's share in the capital is concerned, this amounts to four \nannual instalments of 30 MECU each, or 120 MECU in total. The other 80% of the Community's capital share (480 MECU) will take the \nform of uncalled subscribed capital. This remaining capital can only be \ncalled by the Fund as and when required to meet Its liabilities, and \nnot as a way to permit an expansion of Its operations. In addition, \ngreat care has been taken to ensure that the likelihood of this \nhappening Is minimal. The Fund's Statute will include a number of \nspecific ceilings and prudential rules to this effect, limiting total \nexposure \nall \nas \nshareholders have every interest In the Fund's financial success. diversification \n\neffective \n\nensuring \n\nrisk \n\nand \n\nAs largest shareholder of the Fund, the EIB will finance Its share out \nof its annual surpluses. Share subscriptions by financial institutions \nwill probably be phased over several years as a large number of them \nare concerned. The broad concept has already been presented to a large \nnumber of institutions and many have shown a receptive attitude to a \npotential shareholding in the Fund. D. BANKING SOLVENCY RATIO DIRECTIVE \n\nThe Commission will take the necessary steps to have the EIF classed as \na 'multilateral development bank' under the Solvency Ratio Directive \nfor Credit Inst I tutions<1>. /. (1) Council Directive 89/647 of 18 December 1989 (O. J. L386 of \n30. 12. 89, p. 14) as amended by Commission Directive 91/31 of \n19 December 1990 (O. J. L17 of 23. 01. 91, p. 2 0 ). \"*> \n\n\f3. COMMISSION PROPOSAIS \n\nSince the Board of Governors of the EIB is currently not empowered \nto establish a Fund, an addition to the Protocol on the Statute of \nthe European Investment Bank Is required to this effect. This will \nentail an article 236 procedure. The Commission therefore Invites \n\n- the Council, after consulting the European Parliament, to \ndeliver an opinion In favour of calling a conference of \nrepresentatives of the Governments of Member States on the \nbasis of the proposed addition to the Protocol on the EIB \nattached to this memorandum-, \n\n- the President of the Council to convene the conference for the \n\npurpose of determining the amendment by common accord. The Commission also asks the Council, after consulting the \nParliament, to adopt the decision In annex on the Community's \nmembership of the Fund. U \n\n\fPROPOSAL FOR AN \nADDITION TO THE PROTOCOL ON THE \nSTATUTE OF THE EUROPEAN INVESTMENT BANK \n\nempowering the Board of Governors of the EIB \nto establish the European Investment Fund \n\nHIS MAJESTY THE KING OF THE BELGIANS, \nHER MAJESTY THE QUEEN OF DENMARK, \nTHE PRESIDENT OF THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY, \nTHE PRESIDENT OF THE HELLENIC REPUBLIC, \nHIS MAJESTY THE KING OF SPAIN, \nTHE PRESIDENT OF THE FRENCH REPUBLIC, \nTHE PRESIDENT OF IRELAND, \nTHE PRESIDENT OF THE ITALIAN REPUBLIC, \nHIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE GRAND DUKE OF LUXEMBOURG, \nHER MAJESTY THE QUEEN OF THE NETHERLANDS, \nTHE PRESIDENT OF THE PORTUGUESE REPUBLIC, \nHER MAJESTY THE QUEEN OF THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN \nAND NORTHERN IRELAND, \n\nRECALLING the objective defined by the Treaty, \n\nDESIRING to contribute to this objective and especially to the \nstrengthening of the internal market and to economic and social \ncohesion, \n\nDETERMINED to provide for the necessary financial Instruments to this \nend, \n\nHAVING REGARD to the conclusions of the Presidency of the European \nCouncil in Edinburgh that urgent and sympathetic consideration should \nbe given to the establishment as quickly as possible of a European \nInvestment Fund, within the context of promoting economic recovery in \nEurope, \n\nAFFIRMING the benefits of close co-operation between the Community, the \nEuropean Investment Bank and other undertakings in the Member States \nwith an Interest In the objectives of the Fund, \n\nHAVE DECIDED to empower the Board of Governors of the European \nInvestment Bank to establish the European Investment Fund and to this \nend have designated as their plenipotentiaries : \n\nWHO, having exchanged their full powers, found in good and due form, \nhave agreed as follows :. /. *> \n\n\f2. ARTICLE A \n\nThe Protocol on the Statute of the European Investment Bank, attached \nto the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community shaI I be \ncompleted by the addition of the following article : \n\n\"Article 30 \n\n1. The Board of Governors of the European Investment Bank may, acting \nunanimously, decide to create the European Investment Fund, with \nlegal personality and financial autonomy, and of which the Bank \nwill be a founding member. 2. The Board Is empowered to establish the Statute of the Fund and \nthus to define Its objectives, structure, capital, membership, \nfinancial resources, means of intervention, auditing arrangements, \nas well as the relationship between the ruling bodies of the Bank \nand those of the Fund. The Protocol on the Privileges and Immunities of the European \nCommunities, as well as the arrangements for and the content of \namendments to the texts establishing It, shall apply to the Fund. 3. Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 20. 2, the Bank shall be \nentitled to contribute to the subscribed capital of the Fund up to \nthe amount determined by the Board, following unanimous decision \nthereto. 4. The European Economic Community, represented by the Commission, \nmay become a member of the Fund and contribute to its subscribed \ncapital. Other undertakings with an Interest In the objectives of \nthe Fund shall be invited to become members. \" \n\nARTICLE B \n\n1. This addition to the Protocol on the Statute of the European \nInvestment Bank shall be ratified by the High Contracting Parties in \naccordance with their respective constitutional requirements. The \ninstruments of ratification shall be deposited with the government of \nthe I ta I Ian Republic. This addition shall enter Into force following the deposit of the \n2. instrument of ratification by the last signatory State to take this \nstep. /. ARTICLE C \n\nThis addition to the Protocol on the Statute of the European Investment \nBank, drawn up in a single original In the Danish, Dutch, English, \nFrench, German, Greek, Irish, Italian, Portuguese and Spanish \nlanguages, the texts in each of these languages being equally \nauthentic, shall be deposited in the archives of the government of the \nItalian Republic, which will transmit a certified copy to each of the \ngovernments of the other signatory States. IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned Plenipotentiaries have signed this \nadd it ion. Done at \n\non \n\n1993 \n\n7 \n\n\fPROPOSAL FOR A COUNCIL DECISION ON \nCOMMUNITY MEMBERSHIP OF THE EUROPEAN INVESTMENT FUND \n\nTHE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES \n\nHaving regard to the Treaty instituting the European Economic Community \nand In particular Article 235 thereof; \n\nHaving regard to the proposal by the Commission*1) ; \n\nHaving regard to the opinion of Par I lament*2^ ; \n\nWhereas the European Council in Edinburgh Invited the Council and the \nEuropean Investment Bank to give urgent and sympathetic consideration \nto the establishment as quickly as possible of a European Investment \nFund (EIF); \n\nWhereas the EIF should constitute a cost-effective and efficient means \nwhereby the Community, together with the Bank and other financial \ninstitutions, can provide a significant contribution to the accelerated \ncompletion of large Infrastructure projects of Community interest and \ncan facilitate investment by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), \nespecially in Community assisted areas; \n\nWhereas Investments in large infrastructure projects of Community \ninterest and In particular those belonging to transeuropean networks \nare essential to the reinforcement of economic and social cohesion and \nto the proper functioning of the internal market, and whereas some of \nthese investments might involve projects of mutual interest with third \ncountries ; \n\nWhereas investment support for SMEs, especially In Community assisted \nareas, Is an essential factor In the reinforcement of economic and \nsocial cohesion; \n\nWhereas the EIF will foster investment In both areas; \n\nWhereas a speedy implementation of the EIF will stimulate sustained and \nbalanced growth within the Community; \n\nWhereas Article 30 of the Statute of the EIB empowers the Bank's Board \nof Governors to create the EIF and whereas the Board has decided to \ncreate the EIF<3>; \n\nWhereas the Community may become a member of the EIF; \n\nWhereas appropriate co-ordination shall be assured between the \noperations of the Fund and other Community financial and budgetary \nInstruments;. /. (1) \n(2) \n(3) \n\n7 \n\n\f2. Whereas In order to meet the objectives of the Fund, it would be \nappropriate to consider It as a multilateral development bank for the \npurposes of Council Directive 89/647 as amended by Commission Directive \n91/31; \n\nWhereas Article 24 of the Financial Regulation shall apply to the \ncontributions from the Community budget and the Commission shall \nfurnish all the Information necessary to the Court of Auditors for the \nexamination of the accounts of all Community revenue and expenditure \nstemming from its membership of the EIF; and whereas the specific \nprovisions concerning the audit of the EIF itself are contained in the \nStatute of the Fund; \n\nHAS DECIDED AS FOLLOWS : \n\nSole Article \n\nThe European Economic Community, represented by the Commission, \nbecomes a member of the European Investment Fund and hereby approves \nthe Statute of the Fund, as annexed to the present Decision. Done \n\n1 \n\n\fANNEX \n\nEIF STATUTE \n\n(Document still at draft stage; will be Included as soon as available) \n\ns* \n\n\fFINANCIAL STATEMENT \n\nSECTION 1 \n\nFINANCIAL IMPLICATIONS \n\n1. Title of operation \n\nEuropean Investment Fund (EIF) \n\n2. Budget heading Involved \n\nSection III (Commission), Part B (Operating appropriations), \n\nArticle B2-400 and Article B5-730 for the paid-in part of \nsubscribed capital. Article B5-731 for the callable part of subscribed capital. These lines are to be created by SAB, as are the corresponding \nchapters and t it les. 3. Legal basis \n\nTo be created by the proposed decision, on the basis of Article \n235 of the Treaty. 4. Description of operation \n\n4. 1 Specific objectives of operation : the European Council of \n11, 12 December in Edinburgh approved the creation of the \nEuropean Investment Fund (EIF). The Community (30% of \ncapital), the European Investment Bank (40%) and financial \ninstitutions (30%) will be the members of the EIF. 4. 2 The duration of the Community's Involvement in the Fund is \nundefined and will in principle cover the whole life of the \nFund. The Community's budgetary contribution to the paid-in \ncapital of the Fund is spread out over 4 years (cf. point \n7. 1). 4. 3 Target population : the EIF specifically aims to support the \ncreation of transeuropean networks throughout the Community \nand the financing needs of small and medium-sized enterprises \n(SMEs), especially In Community assisted areas. 5. Classification of expenditure \n\n5. 1 Non-compulsory expenditure. 5. 2 Differentiated appropriations. 5. 3 Type of revenue Involved : as a shareholder of the EIF, the \nCommunity will be entitled to receive dividend payments if \nand when the Fund's General Meeting decides to make dividends \navallable. 6. Type of expenditure or revenue \n\n- the Community's contribution will take the form of a 30% \n\nparticipation in the subscribed capital of the Fund. - the Community will receive dividend payments in proportion to \n\nits capital share. /. /K) \n\n\f7. Financial Impact on appropriations for operations \n\n7. 1 Method of calculating total cost \n\n- The total subscribed capital of the EIF amounts to 2 billion \nECU, of which the Community holds 30% (600 million ECU). 20% \nof this amount (120 million ECU) will be paid-in in 4 equal \nannual Instalments of 30 million ECU from 1993 onwards. - A token entry Is proposed for the callable part of the \nCommunity's capital, given that the amount and timing of any \ncall on this budget line cannot be calculated in advance and \nfurthermore it Is highly unlikely that this budget entry will \nbe called on at any moment (similar treatment to that for the \ncallable capital of EBRD). 7. 2 Indicative schedule of appropriations \n\n- the paid-in part of the Community's share in the subscribed \ncapital will be paid to the EIF in four equal annual \ninstalments of 30 million ECUs from 1993 onwards i. e. 120 \nmi I I ion ECUs in total. - The callable part shall be subject to call only as and when \n\nrequired by the Fund to meet its liabilities. 7. 3 Financing \n\nIn 1993, the 30 MECU contribution to the paid-in capital \ncould be financed as follows: \n\n- 14 MECU under Article B2-400 , corresponding to the \n\navailable margin under category 2; \n\n- 16 MECU under Article B5-730, to be deducted from resources \nallocated to transeuropean networks (under category 3) In \nthe 1993 budget. The choice of budgetary lines for 1993 is without prejudice \nto the decisions to be taken on which lines should finance \nthe capital contributions In subsequent years; these \ndecisions will be taken In the framework of the annual \nbudgetary procedure, taking account of the characteristics of \nthe projects financed. 8. Anti-fraud measures \n\nNot applicab le. SECTION 2 : ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENDITURE \n\nThe proposed operation will not Involve any increase in the number \nof Commission staff or administrative expenditure. /. 3. SECTION 3 : ELEMENTS OF COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS \n\n1. Objectives and coherence with financial programming \n\nThe quantified objectives are to be defined by the ruling bodies \nof the EIF, once the Fund is established. The Fund Is expected to \nextend guarantees up to 5-10 billion ECUs In total. 2. Grounds for the operation \n\n! \n\nThe proposed operation is a cost-effective one and constitutes an \nefficient use of budget resources for the following reasons : \n\na. The capital of the EIF will not only be provided by the \nCommunity, but also by the EIB as well as by other financial \ninstitutions. b. The EIF will facilitate access to private capital for \nInvestments of considerable Importance to the Community, \nnotably through the extension of loan guarantees. c. The Fund will generate a substantial leverage effect. It is \nestimated that the Fund, whose total subscribed capital will \namount to 2 billion ECUs, will be able to extend guarantees up \nto 5 - 10 billion ECUs; In total this could support up to 20 \nbillion ECUs of projects. d. Compared to loan guarantees directly extended by the Community \nbudget (e. g. In favour of transeuropean network projects), the \nFund provides a much better protection for the Community budget \nshould a call be made upon those guarantees. 3. Monitoring and evaluation of the operation \n\nThe EIF will operate on a commercial basis. It will generate \nincome from Its activities as It will charge premiums and fees \nwhich are commensurate with the level of risk taken on by the \nFund. The performance of the Fund will be measured by several \nindicators : \n\n- the overall demand for Its services; \n- the volume of its activities; \n- the \n\nInvestments \n\nvolume \n\nof \n\ngenerated \n\nby \n\nthe \n\nFund's \n\nIntervent Ions; \nits financial performance in terms of yearly net Income; \n\n- etc. / >l \n\n\fIMPACT ASSESSMENT FORM \n\nTHE IMPACT OF THE PROPOSAL ON BUSINESS \nwith special reference to small and medium-sized \nenterprises (SMEs) \n\nTitle of proposal : European Investment Fund (EIF) \n\nThe proposal \n\n1. From a subsidiarity point of view, the EIF's activities are to be \ncarried out at a Community level for the following reasons : \n\na. The target sectors (transeuropean networks - TENs - and small \nand medium-sized enterprises - SMEs -, especially in Community \nassisted areas) are of direct Community interest. b. The Fund will be organically linked to the EIB, the Community's \n\nlargest financial Instrument after the Community budget. c. The pooling at a Community level of large financial guarantees \nextended on a commercial basis greatly Improves diversification \nand hence lowers premium levels. The impact on business \n\n2. a. The establishment of TENs (in the transport, telecommunications \nand energy transport sector) will be beneficial to Community \ncross-border \nbusiness \nactivities, \n\nin general \n\nfacilitate \n\nand will \n\nb. Besides its support for networks, the EIF will also address the \nfinancing needs of SMEs, especially In Community assisted \nareas, through the extension of guarantees and of equity \nthrough financial Interm\u00e9diaires. 3. No specific action Is requested from business. 4. The economic effects of the proposal are substantial : \n\na. Employment : \n\n- the Implementation of TENs will generate a very substantial \nInvestment effort (public works, high-tech and research, \netc. ) and will therefore result in the creation of an \nImportant number of jobs, both for the execution of the \nInvestment programmes and for the operation and maintenance \nof the networks. - financing support for SMEs, especially in Community assisted \n\nareas, will help these firms to prosper and develop. b. Investment : \n\nconsiderable effect (cf. 4. a), concentrated In sectors with a \nhigh \ntrains, \ntelecommunications networks, etc. ) as well as In regions which \nare catching up with the Community average. high-speed \n\npotential \n\neconomic \n\n(e. g. /. /)li \n\n\f2. c. Competitive position : \n\nwill be Improved through the provision of high quality services \nin the transport, telecommunications and energy fields. 5. The financing needs of SMEs, especially in Community assisted \nareas, are specifically taken Into account by the current \nproposa I. Consultation \n\n6. The current proposal has been widely discussed with a large number \nof financial Institutions, some of which are likely to become \nshareholders of the EIF. V \n\n\f\fISSN 0254-1475 \n\nCOM(93) 3 final \n\nDOCUMENTS \n\n\u00cbN \n\n0! \n\nCatalogue number : CB-CO-93-011-EN-C \n\nISBN 92-77-51912-6 \n\nOffice for Official Publications of the European Communities \nL -2985 Luxembourg"}
+{"cellarURIs": "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/257c82c1-871d-4565-b919-97c8e2b48b19", "title": "Commission Regulation (EEC) No 47/93 of 12 January 1993 establishing unit values for the determination of the customs value of certain perishable goods", "langIdentifier": "ENG", "mtypes": "html,pdfa1b,print", "workTypes": "http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#legislation_secondary,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#regulation,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#resource_legal,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#work", "authors": "European Commission", "date": "1993-01-12", "subjects": "fresh fruit,fresh vegetable", "workIds": "celex:31993R0047,oj:JOL_1993_008_R_0005_015", "eurovoc_concepts": ["fresh fruit", "fresh vegetable"], "url": "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/257c82c1-871d-4565-b919-97c8e2b48b19", "lang": "eng", "formats": ["html", "pdfa1b", "print"]}
+{"cellarURIs": "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/8d92e1f1-0480-4c1d-be19-9f2d94a8e229", "title": "93/154/EEC: Commission Decision of 12 January 1993 concerning an AIMA national programme on aid which Italy plans to grant for the private storage of carrots (Only the Italian text is authentic)", "langIdentifier": "ENG", "mtypes": "html,pdfa1b,print", "workTypes": "http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#decision,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#legislation_secondary,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#resource_legal,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#work", "authors": "European Commission", "date": "1993-01-12", "subjects": "Italy,State aid,private stock,restriction on competition,root vegetable", "workIds": "celex:31993D0154,oj:JOL_1993_061_R_0052_038", "eurovoc_concepts": ["Italy", "State aid", "private stock", "restriction on competition", "root vegetable"], "url": "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/8d92e1f1-0480-4c1d-be19-9f2d94a8e229", "lang": "eng", "formats": ["html", "pdfa1b", "print"]}
+{"cellarURIs": "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/1e95e440-9822-4656-875f-ad9a19714387", "title": "Proposal for a COUNCIL REGULATION (EEC) amending Regulation (EEC) No 3013/89 on the common organization of the market in sheepmeat and goatmeat and Regulation (EEC) No 1323/90 instituting specific aid for sheep and goat farming in certain less-favoured areas of the Community", "langIdentifier": "ENG", "mtypes": "pdf,print", "workTypes": "http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#act_preparatory,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#proposal_act,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#proposal_regulation_ec,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#resource_legal,http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/cdm#work", "authors": "European Commission", "date": "1993-01-12", "subjects": "common organisation of markets,goat,less-favoured agricultural area,livestock farming,production aid,sheep", "workIds": "celex:51993PC0008,comnat:COM_1993_0008_FIN,oj:JOC_1993_027_R_0015_01", "eurovoc_concepts": ["common organisation of markets", "goat", "less-favoured agricultural area", "livestock farming", "production aid", "sheep"], "url": "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/1e95e440-9822-4656-875f-ad9a19714387", "lang": "eng", "formats": ["pdf", "print"], "text": "COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES \n\nCOM(93) 8 final \n\nBrussels, 12 January 1993 \n\nProposal for a \n\nCOUNCIL REGULATION (EEC) \n\namending Regulation (EEC) No 3013/89 on the common organization \n\nof the market in sheepmeat and goatmeat and Regulation (EEC) No 1323/90 \n\ninstituting specific aid for sheep and goat farming \n\nin certain less-favoured areas of the Community \n\n(presented by the Commission) \n\n\f/l \n\n-\"S \n\nEXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM \n\nThe purpose of this proposal for a Regulation is to implement the request \nmade by the Council at its meeting of 14 to 16 December 1992 (document \nSN/482/92, p. 17) for the Commission to submit a proposal: \n\nthat 1992 should still be considered the last year of transition to the \nsingle premium for Ireland/Northern Ireland; \n\nas an exceptional measure for 1992, to increase the \"rural society\" \npremium applicable to less-favoured areas from ECU 5. 5 to ECU 7. The new basic Regulation for sheepmeat, as adopted in 1989, stipulated that \n19 92 was to be the last year of transition, on condition that the United \nKingdom decided to continue to apply the variable premium in Great Britain, \nwhich it did not do. However, the Commission recognizes that the monetary \nupsets of 1992 had very negative consequences for the market in sheepmeat in \nmost Member States, and particularly in Ireland and Northern Ireland. In \norder to mitigate these negative consequences for Community producers, the \nCommission therefore proposes: \n\nthat the quotation area comprising Ireland/Northern Ireland be maintained \nfor 19 92 (even without the variable premium). Since the loss of income \nwhich this will cause will be treated in the same way as the Community \nincome loss in accordance with the rule already applied for 1990 and 1991 \n(in 1992 this income loss will be calculated by combining 40% of the loss \nin Ireland/Northern Ireland with 60% of the Community loss): \n\nthat the amount of the rural society premium applicable to ewes producing \nheavy lambs be increased from ECU 5. 5 to ECU 7. For other ewes and \ngoats, the amount would be ECU 4. 9 (70% of ECU 7), in line with the \ndecisions already taken by the Council on this matter. The Commission provided financial estimates at the Council meeting of 14 to \n16 December 1992 (ECU 123 million in 1993). This estimate does not take \naccount of the additional costs arising from the parity realignments for the \nbeginning of 1993. 4 \n\nProposal \n\nfor Council Regulation (EEC) No \n\n/93 \n\nof \n\n1993 \n\namending Regulation (EEC) No 3013/89 on the common organization of \nthe market in sheepmeat and goatmeat and Regulation (EEC) No 1323/9 0 \ninstituting specific aid for sheep and goat farming \nin certain less-favoured areas of the Community \n\nTHE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, \n\nHaving regard to the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community, \n\nand in particular Article 43 thereof, \n\nHaving regard to the proposal from the Commission, \n\nHaving regard to the opinion of the European Parliament, \n\nWhereas Article 24 of Regulation (EEC) No 3013/891, as last amended by \n\nRegulation (EEC) No 2069/922, laid down transitional provisions for 1990, \n\n1991 and 1992 on condition that the United Kingdom applied the variable \n\nslaughter premium, in order to achieve gradually a single premium scheme not \n\nlater than 19 93; whereas the United Kingdom decided to abolish the said \n\npremium from the beginning of the 1992 marketing year; whereas, however, in \n\nview of the monetary upheavals which have had considerable negative effects \n\non the Community market in sheepmeat in 1992, particularly in Ireland and \n\nNorthern Ireland, the transitional provisions should be extended until the \n\nend of the 1992 marketing year for that area; \n\nWhereas, in view of the said monetary upheavals, the specific aid provided \n\nfor under the rural society measures introduced in Regulation (EEC) No \n\n1323/903, as last amended by Regulation (EEC) No 1743/914, should be \n\nincreased for that year, \n\n1 OJ No L 289, 7. 10. 1989, p. 1. 2 OJ No L 215, 30. 7. 1992, p. 59. 3 OJ No L 132, 23. 5. 1990, p. 17. 4 OJ No L 163, 26. 6. 1991, p. 44. r \n\nHAS ADOPTED THIS REGULATION: \n\nArticle 1 \n\nThe following paragraph is hereby inserted in Article 24 of Regulation (EEC) \n\nNo 3013/89: \n\n\"7a. With regard to the 1992 marketing year, paragraph 7 shall apply even if \n\nthe United Kingdom no longer has recourse to that paragraph. \" \n\nArticle 2 \n\nThe following Article is inserted in Regulation (EEC) No 1323/90: \n\n\"Article la \n\nNotwithstanding Article 1, for the 1992 marketing year the unit amounts of \n\nthe specific aid shall be as follows: \n\nECU 7 per ewe for the producers referred to in Article 5(2) and (4) of \n\nRegulation (EEC) No 3013/89, \n\nECU 4. 9 per ewe for the producers referred to in Article 5(3) of that \n\nRegulation, \n\nECU 4. 9 per she-goat for producers referred to in Article 5(5) of that \n\nRegulation, \n\nECU 4. 9 per female of the ovine species where the second subparagraph \n\nof Article 5(8) of that Regulation is applied*\" \n\n\fArticle 3 \n\nThis Regulation shall enter into force on the seventh day following its \n\npublication in the Official Journal of the European Communities. This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in \n\nall Member States. Done at Brussels, \n\nFor the Council \n\nThe President \n\n\f\fJ \n\nISSN G254-1475 \n\nCOM (93) 8 final \n\nDOCUMENTS \n\nEN \n\n03 \n\nCatalogue number : CB-CO-93-010-EN-C \n\nISBN 92-77-51615-1 \n\nOffice for Official Publications of the European Communities \n1,-2985 Luxembourg"}
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