PROPOSAL FOR A COUNCIL REGULATION ( EEC ) OPENING AND PROVIDING FOR THE ADMINISTRATION OF A COMMUNITY TARIFF QUOTA FOR RUM, TAFIA AND ARRACK ORIGINATING IN THE AFRICAN, CARIBBEAN AND PACIFIC STATES ( ACP ) ( 1991/92 )

COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES

___

C0M(91)116 final

Brussels, 15 April 1991

Proposal for a

COUNCIL REGULATION (EEC)

opening and providing for the administration of a Community tariff quotas

for rum, tafia and arrack originating in the African, Caribbean and

Pacific States (ACP)

(1991/92)

(presented by the Commission)

EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM

1. Protocol No. 6, annexed to the Fourth Lomé Convention, which was

signed on 15. 12. 1989, provides that the products falling within CN

codes 2208 40 10, 2208 40 90, 2208 90 11 and 2208 90 19 (rum, tafia

and arrack), originating in the ACP States, shall be imported duty

free into the Community. In the meantime, the Community has decided by

Council Regulation (EEC) No. 714/90, extended by Regulation (EEC) No. 524/91, to apply with effect from 1 March 1990, the aforementioned

protocol No. 6 autonomously in anticipation. These preferential arrangements are restricted to a quantity which is

to be fixed annually by the Community on the basis of the largest

quantities imported annually from the ACP States during the last three

years for which Statistics are available. Increased by an annual

growth rate of 37% of the market of the United Kingdom and 27% on the

market of the other Member States. But if the quota volume calculated

on this basis is less than 172 000 hi the volume should be fixed at

this level of 172 000 hi. 2. By Regulation No. 1820/87 regarding application of the ACP-EEC Council

of Ministers Decision 2/87 relative to advance implementation of a

protocol to the third ACP-EEC Convention subsequent to the accession

of Spain and Portugal to the European Communities, the Council has

established arrangements for trade between the Kingdom of Spain and

the Portugese Republic on the one hand and the ACP States on the

other. The result is that the imports of the products in question into

these two countries benefit from the tariff quota. However, as regards

the quota duties, which will be applicable, particular provisions are

provided for in the abovementioned Protocol. 3. The preferential arrangements should therefore be brought into force

-by the opening of a Community tariff quota for rum, tafia and arrack

originating in the ACP States. Because of the particularities on the rum market, the normal quota

period ranges from 1 July to 30 June. 4. Community imports of the goods concerned during the iast three years

were as foi lows:

Benelux

Denmark

Germany

Greece

Spain

France

Ireland

Italy

Portugal

United

K i ngdom

(in hectolitres of pure alcohol)

1988

1989

1990

7 389

7 621

9 339

2 038

1 748

2 404

42 523

48 591

50 451

-

-

1 216

586

156

19

5 699

9 514

2 189

2 973

2 282

806

-

431

-

54

63 525

83 773

70 436

119 686

145 898

150 179

The quota volume to be taken into account on this basis for the period

1 July 1991 to 30 June 1992 should be 197 771 hectolitres. 5. Following the Judgement of the Court of Justice on 27 September 1988

(Case 51/87), the volume of the quota in question must not be carried

over in quota shares between the Member States at least while the

pressing circumstances of an administrative, technical and economic

nature prevent from doing otherwise, also, the economic difficulties

that could result, for the overseas departments (0SD) from the sudden

modification of the system relating to the imports of rum originating

in the African, Caribbean and Pacific States (ACP) constitute

constraining circumstances which justify the temporary and partial

keeping of this system which will disappear in every respect in the

perspective of the achieving of the single market. In this perspective

the quantity attributed to the constitution of the Community Reserve

goes to 40% and 60% of the quota volume. 6. For these reasons the provisions of the Regulation provide for the

splitting up of the quota volume into two parts, the first of which

will be allocated among the Member States as quota shares, with the

second forming a reserve. The calculation of these is based on the imports of the products in

question from ACP States during the previous three years 1988, 1989

and 1990, and the economic outlook for the period in question, if,

during the quota period, the Community reserve were to be almost

entirely used up, Member States should return to the said reserve all

of the unused portion of their initial shares so as to avoid part of

the Community tariff quota from remaining unused in one Member State,

when it could be used in others. 7. It is proposed that the draft for a Council Regulation described above

should be approved. *

Proposal for a

C O U N C IL R E G U L A T I ON

(EEC) No

/ 91

of

o p e n i n g, a l l o c a t i ng a nd p r o v i d i ng for t he a d m i n i s t r a t i on of a C o m m u n i ty
tariff
q u o ta for r u m, t a f ia a nd a r r a ck o r i g i n a t i ng in t he A f r i c a n, C a r i b b e an a nd P a c i f ic

( A C P) S t a t es (1991/92)

THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES. Having regard
Economic C o m m u n i t y, and
thereof,

to the Treaty establishing

the European
in particular Article 113

Having regard to the proposal from

the Commission,

5 2 4 / /1 ©# 27 F e b r u a ry 1191

Wfeereas &e C o m m u n i ty signed
the Fourth ACP-EEC
Convention at Lomé on 15 December 1989 ; whereas the
C o m m u n i ty decided, by Council Regulation (EEC) No
the application of
Decision No 1/91 of the ACP-EEC Council of Ministers
extending Decision Mo 2MJ
on transitional measures valid from
appfy Protocol 6 annexed
mously in advance ;

l March 1990 ('), to
the Convention autono

concerning

to

Whereas Protocol 6 provides that products originating in
the African, Caribbean and Pacific <ACP) States which fall
w « h in CN codes 2208 40 10, 2208 40 90. 2208 90 1 1 and
2208 90 19 shall, until the entry into force of a c o m m on
organization of the market in spirits, he allowed into the
C o m m u n i ty free of customs duties under conditions such
as to permit
trade flows
the development of traditional
between the A CP States and the C o m m u n i ty and between
the Member States ; whereas the C o m m u n i ty shall until
the quantities which
31 December 1993 fix each year
may be imported free of customs duties on the basis of
the largest quantities imported annually from
the ACP
States into the C o m m u n i ty
three years for
increased by an annual
which statistics are available,
the United
growth
Kingdom
the
C o m m u n i ty ;

the market of
the other markets of

rate of 37 % on
on

in the past

and 27 %

the advance

implementation of the Protocol

Whereas by virtue of Council Regulation
(EEC) No
1820/87 of 25 J u ne 1987 concerning the application of
Decision No 2/K7 of the ACP-EEC Council ot Ministers
on
the
the
Third A C P - E EC Convention
Accession of the Kingdom of Spain and the Portuguese
Republic
is
made for special arrangements for the quota dûtes to be
applied by those two Member States ; whereas by reason
the
of the particularities peculiar to the market in rum
quota period ranges from 1 July

to the European C o m m u n i t i es (2), provision

to 30 J u ne ;

consequent

on

to

Whereas, having regard to the levels reached by imports
of the products concerned
into the C o m m u n i ty during
the past three years for which statistics are available, the
annual quota volume for the period from 1 July 1991 to
30 J u ne 199 2 m u st be fixed at '197 771 hectolitres of pure
alcohol ;

(') OJ No L 5£ 5-V 191 , P. Z
H OJ No L l_72, 30. 6. 1987, p. I

it

is

in particular necessary

Whereas
to all
C o m m u n i ty importers equal and uninterrupted access to
the abovementioned quota and uninterrupted application
of the rate laid down for that quota to all imports of the
products concerned into all M e m b er States until the quota
has been used up ;

to ensure

to allocate

Whereas, following the case law of the Court of Justice, it
is unlawful
the C o m m u n i ty quotas between
the Member States, unless overriding circumstances of an
administrative,
technical or e c o n o m ic nature, prevent
acting otherwise ; whereas, in addition, in cases where it is
decided to allocate quotas, a mechanism should be set up
whereby
the C o m m on Customs Tariff
may be protected ;

integrity of

the

Whereas the e c o n o m ic difficulties which could result for
the French Overseas D e p a r t m e n ts (FOD) from the sudden
change in the arrangements for importing rum from
the
African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) States constitute
the
circumstances having a binding effect which
these
partial
temporary
arrangements ; whereas, however,
for
into national shares should be
allocation of
transitional
phased out and can only be justified on a
in any event
basis ; whereas
the
ot
definitively
establishment of the

the arrangements should

the arrangements

internal market ;

disappear with

justify
of

maintenance

the quota

prospect

and

the

Whereas, in these circumstances, it is advisable to increase
to 6() % the volume of the C o m m u n i ty reserve by means
transfer of Member State-
of a system for the automatic
share to the reserve as soon as 80 % of the latter has been
used up ;

Whereas, during the past three years for which statistical
data are available, imports from Member States have been
as follows :

fin

I'ni'ilit'i

« "'

;•!<•

//,-,'. //

M e m b er Stale

j

1WH

lg*4

1y*J

Benelux
Denmark
Germany
Greece
Spain
France
Ireland
Italy
Portugal
United Kingdom

7 389
2 038
42 523
—
—
1216
2 989
806

—
63 525

- bl\
1 ~48
48 591
586
156
19
2 973
4*1

fiî7~3

| —
!
i
I

|

9 339
2 404
50 451
5 699
9 514

2 282
54

70 436

T O M!

l i ^ 6 N^

<

: J > S MS

1J0 17V

5"

Whereas, in view of these factors, of market forecasts for
the products in question and of the estimates submitted
by certain Member States, quota shares may be fixed
approximately at the following percentages :

permit the development of traditional trade flows between
the ACP States and the Community, on the one hand,
and between the Member States on the other ;

Benelux
Denmark
Germany
Greece
Spain
France
Ireland
Italy
Portugal
United Kingdom

5,86
1,49
34,05
1,51
2,32
0 , 30
1,79
0,31
0,00
52,3V

Whereas provision should be made for a mechanism to
prevent, when the Community quota is not exhausted,
goods from being imported into a Member State which
has exhausted its share only after the full application of
customs duties, or after having been diverted to another
its share ;
Member State which has not yet exhausted
whereas, in
the quota
these circumstances, if, during
period, the Community reserve were to be almost entirely
used up, Member States should return to the said reserve
all of the unused portion of their initial shares so as to
avoid part of the Community tariff quota from remaining
unused in one Member State, when it could be used in
others ;

Whereas measures should be laid down to ensure that
Protocol 5 is implemented under conditions such as to

Order No

CN code

Description

09. 160 5

2208 40 10
2208 40 90
2208 90 11
2208 90 19

Rum, tafia and arrak

2. Within
the limit of this quota, the Kingdom of
Spain and the Portuguese Republic shall apply customs
duties calculated in accordance with the 1985 Act of
Accession and Regulation (EEC) No 1820/87. Article 2

The tariff quota referred to in Article 1 shall be

1. divided into two instalments. 2. A frist
instalment of TV lUrJ hectolitres of pure
alcohol shall be allocated amongst the Member States ;
the shares which, subject to Article 3, shall apply until 30
June 199 2 amount to the following quantities:

Benelux
Denmark
Germany
Greece

(hectolitres
/inre

of. iliohtil)

I 173
26 93!i
1 194

form of administration

requires close
Whereas
this
collaboration between
the
Commission, and the Commission must be able to keep
account of quota utilization rates and inform the Member
States accordingly ;

the Member States and

Whereas, since the Kingdom of Belgium, the Kingdom of
the Netherlands and the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
are united within and jointly represented by the Benelux
Economic Union, any operation concerning the adminis
tration of the quotas may be carried out by any one of its
members,

HAS ADOPTED THIS REGULATION

Article 1

1. From 1 July j. 991 to 30 June 1992, the following
products originating in the ACP States shall be imported
duty free into the Community within the limits of the
relevant Community tariff quota mentioned :

Quota Volume
(in hi of pure
alcohol)

Quota duty

197 771

Free

Spain
France
Ireland
Italy
Portugal
United Kingdom

| 835
235
1 415
245
10
41 421;

3. A second instalment ofUcj 663hectolitres of pure
alcohol shall constitute the Community reserve. Article 3

If a Member State's initial share a specified in Article 2
(2), has been used up entirely, the following provisional
shall apply. If an importer presents, in a Member State, a declaration
as to entry into free circulation comprising a request for
this
preferential
Regulation, and
the
customs authorities, the Member State concerned shall, by

for a product covered by
is accepted by

this declaration

treatment

notifying
the Commission, draw an amount corres
ponding to its requirements from the reserve referred to
in Article 2 (3). Requests to chaw on the reserve together with the date of
acceptance of the said declaration must be forwarded to
the Commission without delay. Drawings shall be granted by the Commission on the
basis of the date of acceptance of goods for entry into free
circulation by the customs authorities of the Member
State concerned, provided a sufficient amount remains in
aie wserve. II a Member State does net use the quantities drawn, it
shafi return them to the reserve a* soon as possible. If requests for drawings exceed the amount remaining in
the reserve, an allocation shall be made pro rata. The
Member States shall be so informed t*y the Commission. Article 4

Once at least 80 % of the reserve as defined in Article 2
(3), has been used up, the Commission shall inform the
Member States thereof,

It shall also notify Member States int this case of the date
from which drawings on the Community reserve must be
made according to the provisions laid down in Article 3,
if these provisions ar not already m effect. Within a time limit fixed by the Cmmmission as from the
date referred to in paragraph 2, Mt-tinVi States shall In-
required to return to the reserve aril their initial shares
which have not been used on thaf date. Article 5

The Commission shall keep an account of the shares
opened to the Member States pursuant to Articles 2 and 3
and shall, as soon as it has been notified, inform each
State of the extent to which the reserves have been used
up. It shall inform the Member States of the volume of the
reserve following any return of quota shares pursuant to
Article 4. Article 6

Each Member States shall ensure that importers of the
products concerned have free access to the quota for such
time as the residual balance of the quota volumes so
permits. Article 7

The Member States and the Commission shall cooperate
closely that this Regulation is complied with. Article 8

Council Regulation (EEC) No 1316/87 of 11 May 1987 on
the Third
the safeguard measures provided
ACP-EEC Convention (') and
that will
replace it under the Fourth ACP-EEC Convention shall
apply to the products referred to in this Regulation. for
the provisions

in

Artnli

9

This Regulation shall enter into force on 1 July 1991

This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member
States. Done at brussels ,

For the Council

The Président

(') OJ No 1. 125. 14. v 1987. p. 1. t

FICHE FINANCIERE

1. Liane budgétaire concernée : chap. 12 art. 120

2. Base Juridique : art. 113 du traité

3. Intitulé de la mesure tarifaire : Proposition de règlement du

Conseil portant ouverture, répartition et mode de gestion d'un

contingent tarifaire communautaire pour le rhum, le tafia et

l'arak, originaires des Etats ACP (1991/1992). 4. Oblectif : Application d'une obligation contractuelle (Convention

Lomé IV). 5. Mode de calcul :

Codes NC : 2208 40 10; 90 et 2208 90 11; 19

Volumes du contingent : 197 771 hl a. p. (période 1. 7. 91-30. 6. 92)

Droits à appliquer : exemption

Droits du TDC : - 1 ECU/hl par % vol +5 ECU/hl (- 2 I)

- 1 ECU/hI par X vol ( +2 I). 6. Perte de recettes :

Estimation : 45 452 hl en réclp. 2 I ou moins

152 319 hl en réclp. plus de 2 I. La perte s'élève à 20 004 360 Ecus. Pour la période précédente

(1. 7. 1990 au 30. 6. 1991) une perte de 19 684 855 Ecus a été

Inscrite. /

FICHE D'IMPACT SUR LA COMPETITIVITE ET L'EMPLOI

Cette proposition est formulée en conformité avec un engagement

contractuel de la Communauté. L'Impact découlant de cette concession a

été pris en considération tors de la prise de décision d'adoption de ce

contingent et II n'aura pes un caractère sérieux sur la compétitivité

•* l'emploi dans ta Communauté. i

ISSN 0254-1475

COM(91) 116 final

DOCUMENTS

EN

02

Catalogue number : CB-CO-91-150-EN-C
ISBN 92-77-71056-X

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WRITTEN QUESTION No. 610/91 by Mr José VALVERDE LÓPEZ to the Commission. National plan of Community interest concerning the province of Almería (Spain)

Andalusia,EU investment,European Regional Development Fund,development plan,financing method

Andalusia
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WRITTEN QUESTION No. 615/91 by Mr José VALVERDE LÓPEZ to the Commission. Spanish projects approved and completed within the DRIVE programme

Spain,report,research and development,road transport

Spain
report
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road transport


ORAL QUESTION B3-1085/91 with debate by Mr VANDEMEULEBROUCKE on behalf of the Rainbow Group in the European Parliament to the Council: Implementation of the social dimension of the internal market

European social policy,approximation of laws,arrangement of working time,care of mothers and infants,parental leave,single market,worker consultation,worker participation

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approximation of laws
arrangement of working time
care of mothers and infants
parental leave
single market
worker consultation
worker participation


WRITTEN QUESTION No. 604/91 by Mr Florus WIJSENBEEK to the Council. Transit of lorries through Yugoslavia, the Swiss Confederation and Austria

Austria,Switzerland,Yugoslavia,commercial vehicle,common position,international agreement,road transport,transit

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Switzerland
Yugoslavia
commercial vehicle
common position
international agreement
road transport
transit


WRITTEN QUESTION No. 618/91 by Mr Madron SELIGMAN to the Commission. Introduction of fibre optic networks in the Community

EU Member State,new technology,statistics,telecommunications equipment

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WRITTEN QUESTION No. 608/91 by Mr José VALVERDE LÓPEZ to the Commission. European Social Fund fraud prevention controls

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fraud
free service


WRITTEN QUESTION No. 607/91 by Mr José VALVERDE LÓPEZ to the Commission. ERDF fraud prevention controls

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free service


WRITTEN QUESTION No. 603/91 by Mr Marco PANNELLA to the Commission. European Community contribution to compensation for war damage suffered by the Israeli civilian population

Community loan,Iraq,Israel,Palestine question,interest rate subsidy,occupied territory,war damage

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Analytical tables of external trade : Nimexe, Glossarium 1987.,Analytische Tabellen des Außenhandels : Nimexe, Glossarium 1987.,Analytische tabellen van de buitenlandse handel : Nimexe, Glossarium 1987.,Analytiske Tabeller Vedrørende Udenrigshandel : Nimexe, Glossarium 1987.,Quadros analíticos do comércio externo : Nimexe, Glossarium 1987.,Tablas analíticas del comercio exterior : Nimexe, Glossarium 1987.,Tableaux analytiques du commerce extérieur : Nimexe, Glossarium 1987.,Tavole analitiche del commercio estero : Nimexe, Glossarium 1987.,Αναλυτικοί πίνακες εξωτερικού εμπορίου : Nimexe, Glossarium 1987.


91/227/EEC: Council Decision of 15 April 1991 concerning the provisional application of the Agreed Minute amending the Agreement between the European Economic Community and the Republic of Indonesia on trade in textile products

Indonesia
distributive trades
textile product


WRITTEN QUESTION No. 622/91 by Mr Madron SELIGMAN to the Commission. Legislation in Member States promoting combined heat and power

EU Member State,energy market,energy production,national law

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energy market
energy production
national law


WRITTEN QUESTION No. 612/91 by Mr José VALVERDE LÓPEZ to the Commission. Information campaign regarding use of permanent paper

archives
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WRITTEN QUESTION No. 620/91 by Mr Madron SELIGMAN to the Commission. Estimating progress in saving energy in each Member State

EU Member State,EU statistics,energy consumption,energy saving,price of energy

EU Member State
EU statistics
energy consumption
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price of energy


Commission Regulation (EEC) No 921/91 of 12 April 1991 on the opening of a sale by periodic invitation to tender for rape seed held by the Spanish intervention agency


PROPOSAL FOR A COUNCIL REGULATION ( EEC ) IMPOSING A DEFINITIVE ANTI-DUMPING DUTY ON IMPORTS OF AUDIO TAPES IN CASSETTES ORIGINATING IN JAPAN AND THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA, COLLECTING DEFINITIVELY THE PROVISIONAL DUTY AND TERMINATING THE PROCEEDING CONCERNING HONG KONG

Hong Kong,Japan,South Korea,anti-dumping duty,import,magnetic medium

Hong Kong
Japan
South Korea
anti-dumping duty
import
magnetic medium

COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES

C0M(91) 118 final

Brussels, 12 April 1991

Proposal for a

COUNCIL REGULATION (EEC)

imposing a definitive anti-dumping duty on imports

of audio tapes in cassettes originating in Japan

and the Republic of Korea, collecting definitively

the provisional duty and terminating the

proceeding concerning Hong Kong

(presented by the Commission)

v, i"

- 2 -

EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM

The Commission, by Regulation (EEC) No 3262/90^1), imposed a

provisional anti-dumping duty on imports into the Community of audio

tapes in cassettes (hereafter referred to as audio cassettes)

originating in Japan, the Republic of Korea and Hong Kong. The duty

was extended for a maximum period of two months by Council

Regulation (EEC) No 578/91<2>

In its provisional findings, the Commission found that although

there are various models of audio cassettes differing in length and

coating of tape and design of the cartridge, these models have the

same basic physical characteristics, application, use and channels

of distribution. It is proposed that this provisional finding be

confirmed. For the purpose of definitive findings, normal value was, in

general, established on the basis of the same methods as those used

in the provisional determination of dumping, after talcing into

consideration new facts and arguments presented by the parties. - As previously stated in its provisional findings, the Commission

considered that giveaway goods, which, by their nature were

unconnected with the product under consideration, did not have

the effect of reducing the price of audio cassettes sold on the

domestic market but were promotional expenses for which no

deduction can be made. (1) OJ No L 313, 13. 11. 1990, p. 5. (2) OJ No L 65, 12. 3. 1991, p. 20. - 3 -

- Since it was established that for one exporter there were neither

sufficient sales on the domestic market of audio cassette models

suitable for direct comparison to those sold for export to the

Community nor sales at prices which permitted recovery of all

costs reasonably allocated, normal value was determined on the

basis of a constructed value of each model concerned. - One exporter maintained its claim that there were no comparable

prices, since it made no sales to OEM customers on the domestic

market, whereas its export sales to the Community were made on an

OEM basis

For the purpose of definitive determination, the Commission

considered that, given the limited nature of the costs assumed by

the importer (for instance absence of after sales service), the

profit rate of the manufacturer's own brand sales used for

constructing normal value should be reduced by 50%. It is proposed to confirm the above findings. 4. The final examination of the facts showed the existence of dumping

in respect of audio-cassettes in Japan, the Republic of Korea and

Hong Kong on the part of eight exporters concerned. The weighted average margins varied according the exporters as

fol lows :

Japanese exporters :

Fuji

TDK

Maxell

Denon Columbia

64. 2%

48. 2%

47 %

44. 5%

-Korean exporters

- Goldstar

9. 2%

- Sunkyong Magnetics : 2. 6%

-Hong Kong exporters

-Yee Keung

2. 4%

- 4 -

As far as Saehan Media, Sungnam, Keum Sahn Electronics (Korea),

Tomei Magnetics, Swire, Magnetic Enterprise and Forward Electronics

(Hong Kong) are concerned, no dumping was found. 5. As far as injury is concerned, the Commission considered, in its

provisional findings, that the effects of Japanese, Korean and Hong

Kong imports had to be analysed cumulatively. It is proposed to

confirm this finding except for audio cassettes imported from Hong

Kong since they had no discernible impact on the Community industry. 6. In addition, it is considered that the Community industry had

suffered material injury which manifested itself, in particular, by

a loss of market share, price erosion, insufficient profitability

and employment losses. This finding is based on the following

facts :

imports of audio cassettes from Japan and Korea have increased at

a more rapid rate than the rate of Community consumption. - the market share of the total dumped imports from Korea and Japan

increased by 3%, namely from 43. 5% to 46. 4% from 1985 to 1988. As far as Hong Kong is concerned, its market share remained

stable (1. 5% in 1985; 1. 6% in 1988);

- the complainant producers' selling prices in the Community

suffered a significant erosion between 1985 and 1988;

- Community producers were unable to increase, significantly, their

production between 1985 and 1988 and their sales fell by 8. 5%

over this period, despite an increase in total consumption of

30%;

- between 1985 and 1988 return on sales of the Community industry

showed a constant negative trend. - 5 -

- large price undercutting was found on the part of Korean

exporters and significant price undercutting on the part of

Japanese exporters on the German market where the Community

industry still retained a large market share. As far as Hong Kong imports are concerned, the Council considers

that in view of the small amount of dumped imports from Hong Kong

and of the absence of their brand recognition on the Community

market, these could not have caused material injury to the Community

industry. 7. Finally, it is proposed to confirm that the Community industry was

unable to defend its price, brand image and volume of sales against

the Japanese exporters : these were able to finance large selling

expenditure thanks to their high domestic profits. It is also

considered that the Community industry had to face the effect of

dumped imports from Korea, and was not able to meet the low prices

of these imports. In conclusion, Korean and Japanese imports, taken in isolation, have

caused material injury. 8. In its provisional findings, the Commission considered and balanced

the interests of the Community industry, of the consumers and of

other industries and activities concerned, and it concluded that the

Community interests called, on balance, for granting protection to

the Community industry against unfair competition due to dumped

imports. It is proposed to confirm this finding. 9. The provisional findings of the Commission with regard to duty

calculation were also confirmed. In addition, it is considered that, in order to establish the rate

of the definitive duties to be imposed, the individual injury

margins determined provisionally have to be expressed as a

percentage of the CIF value of the imports. - 6 -

The result of this calculation is the price increase at the

Community frontier necessary to remove the injury caused by each

exporter. The duties to be imposed should thus be at the level of the dumping

margin for all exporters except for the exporters whose dumping

margins exceed the injury level and are as follows :

(a)

27. 4% for audio cassettes originating in Japan , with the

exception :

Sony

23. 4%

MaxelI

21. 8%

Denon

18. 7%

Fuji

15. 2%

(b)

9. 2% for audio cassettes originating in the Republic of

Korea , with the exception of :

Sunkyong Magnetics Ltd (SKM) : 2. 6% (Taric additional code :

8489)

- 7 -

Proposal for a

COUNCIL REGULATION (EEC)

imposing a definitive anti-dumping duty on imports

of audio tapes in cassettes originating in Japan

and the Republic of Korea, collecting definitively

the provisional duty and terminating the

proceeding concerning Hong Kong

THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES,

Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community,

Having regard to Council Regulation (EEC) No 2423/88 of 11 July 1988 on

protection against dumped or subsidized imports from countries not
members of the European Economic Community<1), and in particular

Articles 9 and 12 thereof,

Having regard to the proposal submitted by the Commission after

consultation within the Advisory Committee as provided for under the

above Régulât ion,

Whereas:

A. PROVISIONAL MEASURES

The Commission, by Regulation (EEC) No 3262/90(2), imposed a

provisional anti-dumping duty on imports into the Community of audio

tapes in cassettes (hereinafter referred to as audio cassettes)

originating in Japan, the Republic of Korea and Hong Kong and

falling within CN code 8523 11 00. The duty was extended for a

maximum period of two months by Council Regulation (EEC)
No 578/91(3>. (1) OJ No L 209, 2. 8. 1988, p. 1. (2) OJ No L 313, 13. 11. 1990, p. 5. (3) OJ No L 65, 12. 3. 1991, p. 20. - 8 -

B. SUBSEQUENT PROCEDURE

2. Following the imposition of the provisional anti-dumping duty, all

the exporters mentioned by name in Regulation (EEC) No 3262/90, as

well as the representatives of the complainants, requested and were

granted an opportunity to be heard by the Commission. They, as well

as one importer, also made written submissions making their views

known on the findings. 3. The Commission continued to seek and verify all information it

deemed to be necessary for its determinations. For this purpose, an

investigation was carried out at the premises of the following

exporter :

- Hitachi Maxell, Tokyo, Japan

4. Upon request, the parties were informed of the essential facts and

considerations on the basis of which it was intended to recommend

the imposition of definitive duties and the definitive collection of

amounts secured by way of a provisional duty. They were also

granted a period within which to make representations subsequent to

these disclosures. Their oral and written comments were considered

and, where appropriate, the Commission's findings were modified to

take account of them. 5. Owing to the complexity of the proceeding, in particular to the

detailed verification of the voluminous data involved and the

numerous arguments put forward, the investigation could not be

concluded within the time limit provided for in Article 7(9) (a) of

Regulation (EEC) No 2423/88. - 9 -

C. PRODUCT UNDER CONSIDERATION, LIKE PRODUCT,

COMMUNITY INDUSTRY

6. In its provisional findings, (recitals 9 to 12 of Regulation (EEC)

No 3262/90) the Commission found that although there are various

models of audio cassettes differing in length and coating of tape

and design of the cartridge, these models have the same basic

physical

characteristics, application, use and channels of

distr ibut ion. 7. This finding was questioned by one exporter who requested that audio

cassettes whose tapes were coated with a metal pigment (hereinafter

referred to as metal audio cassettes) should be excluded from the

scope of the proceeding. This exporter submitted that metal audio

cassettes are extremely high quality cassettes bought by specialist

consumers and require a cassette recorder with a specific key-

function to appreciate their true quality. A similar claim was

submitted by an importer requesting the exclusion of audio

cassettes for answering machines from the scope of the proceeding. 8. However, while the Commission accepts that there are minor

differences in quality or use of audio cassettes, it considers that

these are actually outweighed by the similarity of characteristics

and functions which give them a high degree of interchangeabiIity. The Commission notes in this respect that metal audio cassettes can

be used on a cassette recorder without a specific key-function

(giving thus a sound of a lower quality) and that cassettes for

answering machines can be used on any other cassette recorder or

player to record or play any sound. In these circumstances, the

Commission concludes that metal audio cassettes and standard

cassettes for answering machines should not be excluded from the

scope of the proceeding. - 10 -

9. The Council confirms the above conclusions and confirms that, in

contrast, audio cassettes which have important physical differences

in size, components and use such as micro cassettes, small endless

cassettes for answering machines, computer cassettes or digital

audio tapes (DAT) cassettes are not covered by the scope of the

present proceeding. In addition, the Council confirms the findings

of the Commission with regard to the like product and the Community

Industry set out in recitals 15 and 16 (on the content of which

there was no comment by the interested parties) of Regulation (EEC)

No 3262/90. D. NORMAL VALUE

10. For the purpose of definitive findings, normal value was, in

general, established on the basis of the same methods as those used

in the provisional determination of dumping, after taking into

consideration new facts and arguments presented by the parties. 1) Normal value based on prices in the exporting country

11. In recital 20 of Regulation (EEC) No 3262/90, the value of giveaway

goods (e. g. index cards, photographs,. ) granted by two exporters

was* disallowed for the purpose of provisional findings as a

deduction from domestic sales prices in establishing normal value. The exporters concerned have reacted to the Commission's provisional

findings and have argued that the value of these giveaway goods

should be treated as a discount and as such, be deducted from the

domestic selling price. - 11 -

As previously stated in its provisional findings, the Commission

considers that these giveaway goods, which, by their nature are

unconnected with the product under consideration, do not have the

effect of reducing the price of audio cassettes sold on the domestic

market but are promotional expenses for which no deduction can be

made in conformity with the provision of Article 2(3) (a) of

Regulation (EEC) No 2423/88. This view is confirmed by the Council. 2) Normal value based on constructed value

a) models grouped together in series

12. As explained in recital 22 of Regulation (EEC) No 3262/90, the

Commission provisionally established normal value for one exporter

on the basis of the weighted average price of series of models of

audio cassettes. Subsequent investigation led the Commission to

believe that this average price could not be relied upon to form

accurate data for the establishment of normal value. 13. Since this subsequent investigation established that there were

neither sufficient sales on the domestic market of audio cassette

models suitable for direct comparison to those sold for export to

the Community nor sales at prices which permitted recovery of all

costs reasonably allocated, normal value was determined on the basis

of a constructed value of each model concerned. This constructed

value was established on the same basis as described in recital 23

of Regulation (EEC) No 3262/90. b) OEM sales

14. One exporter maintained its claim that there were no comparable

prices, since it made no sales to OEM customers on the domestic

market, whereas its export sales to the Community were made on an

OEM basis; this exporter thus required that the Commission establish

- 12 -

a constructed value including a reduced profit margin for the

purpose of comparison with its export sales made on an OEM basis and

submitted new facts to substantiate its request. In view of this evidence, the Commission considers that the

Community customers of this Korean exporter are buying on an OEM

basis : indeed, they are purchasing audio cassettes made to their

own specifications (which differ in some aspects from the Korean

producer's own specifications) in order to supplement their own

production and resell them while assuming the full responsibility of

a manufacturer with regard to the product. In addition, the

difference claimed was clearly reflected in the quantities sold and

the pattern of price charged. For the purpose of definitive determination, the Commission

considers that, given the limited nature of the costs assumed by the

importer (for instance absence of after sales service), the profit

rate of the manufacturer's own brand sales used for constructing

normal value shall be reduced by 50% : indeed this constitutes the

difference which exists between own-brand and OEM profits if sales

of the latter had taken place on the Korean market. In the light of the Commission's considerations set out above, the

Council confirms the Commission's findings and conclusions. c) Profit

15. As explained in recital 30 of Regulation (EEC) No 3262/90, where

insufficient profitable sales took place on the domestic market, the

addition of profit to be included in the constructed value was based

on the weighted average profits realized by other exporters on

profitable sales on the domestic market. 16. Two Hong Kong exporters contested the profit figure used by the

Commission since, according to them, this figure was based on the

- 13 -

profits achieved by a fully-integrated producer in Hong Kong whereas

they were not integrated and actually mainly involved in the

assembling of audio cassettes. They alleged that a lower profit

margin should thus be applied to reflect this difference. In these circumstances, the Council considers reasonable to base the

profit figure for these Hong Kong exporters on the rate of profit

determined for the manufacturing of a product in the same business

sector, namely video cassettes, where these exporters performed

similar activities (see Council Regulation (EEC) No l768/89)( 4 ). E. EXPORT PRICE

17. The Council confirms the findings and conclusions of the Commission,

as well as those set out in recitals 31 to 39 of Regulation (EEC) f

No 3262/90 on the content of which recitals there was no substantial

comment by the interested parties. F. COMPARISON

18. One exporter contested the amount of credit costs deducted from the

domestic selling price for the establishment of normal value and

claimed that it was lower than its actual expenses. The Commission considers that the credit expenses claimed are partly

related to sales of products other than audio cassettes and should

thus be reduced to the proportion of sales of audio cassettes only,

in conformity with the provisions of Article 2(11) of Regulation

(EEC) No 2423/88. (4) OJ No L 174, 22. 6. 1989, p. 1

- 14 -

G. DUMPING MARGIN

19. On comparing normal values for domestically sold models of the

producers/exporters which were investigated with the export prices

of comparable models on a transaction-by-transaction basis, the

final examination of the facts shows the existence of dumping in

respect of audio-cassettes in Japan, the Republic of Korea and Hong

Kong on the part of eight exporters concerned, the margin of dumping

being equal to the amount by which the normal value as established

exceeds the price for export to the Community. 20. The weighted average margins, expressed as a percentage of CIF

frontier prices, varied according the exporters as follows :

Japanese exporters :

Fuji

TDK

Maxell

Denon Columbia

64. 2%

48. 2%

47 %

44. 5%

-Korean exporters

- Goldstar

9. 2%

- Sunkyong Magnetics : 2. 6%

-Hong Kong exporters

-Yee Keung

2. 4%

21. As far as Saehan Media, Sungnam, Keum Sahn Electronics (Korea),

Tomei Magnetics, Swire, Magnetic Enterprise and Forward Electronics

(Hong Kong) are concerned, no dumping was found. 22. For those exporters who did not make themselves known in the course

of investigation, or cooperated only partly with the Commission, a

dumping margin was determined on the basis of the facts available as

explained in recitals 50 and 51 of Regulation (EEC) No 3262/90 and

it is considered appropriate to use the highest dumping margin of

- 15 -

64. 2% for Japan and 9. 2% for Korea and 2. 4% for Hong Kong for these

groups of exporters. The Council confirms the above findings and conclusions. H. INJURY

1. Cumulât ion

23. In its provisional findings, the Commission considered that the

effects of Japanese, Korean and Hong Kong imports had to be analysed

cumulatively. The exporters reacted extensively to the Commission's

provisional findings. They argued that the difference in consumer

recognition, market segment and pricing pattern acknowledged in the

provisional findings between Japanese and Korean exports should have

led the Commission to rule out the cumulation of imports from Japan,

Korea and Hong Kong for the purpose of assessing injury. 24. The Commission confirms its finding set out in recital 78 of

Regulation (EEC) No 3262/90 that, on one hand, the Korean exporters

compete to a very large extent on price alone, with products of

comparatively standard technology and no significant difference in

features and quality, while on the other hand, the Japanese

exporters now tend also to concentrate on non-price elements, such

as brand name, marketing features and styling as their main

market ing strategy. However, it is standard practice for the Community institutions to

cumulate imports from several countries when these imported products

and the like product of the Community industry meet the following

criteria :

- they are interchangeable,

- they are sold or offered for sale in the same geographical

markets,

- they have common or similar channels of distribution,

- they are simultaneously present in the market,

- they are not negligible as such. - 16 -

25. The application of these criteria does not permit the establishment

of a clear dividing line, separating audio cassettes either from

Japan or from Korea. Indeed, besides the identity of the basic

physical characteristics, application and use of audio cassettes

whatever their source, there is to a very large extent, commercial

interchangeabiIity and competition between the various models of

audio cassettes; this is shown by the fact that Japanese exporters

are selling in the Community audio cassettes manufactured both in

Japan and Korea, with no difference in the consumer's perception of

these products by reason of their different sources. In contrast, given the small amount of audio cassettes imported from

Hong Kong which were found to be dumped, they had no discernible

impact on the Community industry. Indeed, dumped imports from Hong

Kong represented in 1988 a very small share of the Community market

and their brand recognition was almost inexistant. Accordingly,

since they did not bear any contribution to material injury, imports

from Hong Kong should not be cumulated. The Council confirms the above findings and concludes therefore that

the effects of Japanese and Korean imports have to be analysed

accumulatively. 2) Effect on the dumped imports

26. The Commission concluded in its provisional findings that the

Community industry had suffered material injury which manifested

itself, in particular, by a loss of market share, price erosion,

insufficient profitability and employment losses. It based this

finding on the following facts :

imports of audio cassettes from Japan and Korea have increased at

a more rapid rate than the rate of Community consumption, from

149 million units in 1985 to 205 million units in 1988, i. e. by

38%. Imports from Japan increased from 142 million units to

154 million units over this period, while imports from Korea

increased from 7 million units to 51 million units;

- 17 -

- imports of audio cassettes from Hong Kong have increased from

4. 9 million units in 1985 to 7 million units in 1988;

- the market share of the total dumped imports from Korea and Japan

increased by 3%, namely from 43. 5% to 46. 4% from 1985 to 1988. As far as Hong Kong is concerned, its market share remained

stable (1. 5% in 1985; 1. 6% in 1988);

- the complainant producers' selling prices in the Community

suffered a significant erosion between 1985 and 1988;

- Community producers were unable to increase, significantly, their

production between 1985 and 1988 and their sales fell by 8. 5%

over this period, despite an increase in total consumption of

30%;

- between 1985 and 1988 return on sales of the Community industry

showed a constant negative trend. The slight improvement of its

profit in 1988 appears to be the result of the withdrawal of

loss-making models, which involves a further shrinking of its

sales and presence on the market;

- cost-saving measures involved a decline of employment in the

Community of some 23% of the audio cassettes workforce between

1985 and 1988;

- for a large number of transactions, large price undercutting was

found on the part of Korean exporters and significant price

undercutting on the part of Japanese exporters on the German

market where the Community industry still retained a large market

share. 27. No new facts concerning these findings were submitted to the

Commission but the exporters concerned challenged injury findings on

a number of points. - 18

28. One exporter argued that the use of average figures for the whole of

Community industry was misleading since they mask conflicting

underlying trends by the two major Community producers which should

have led to a separate determination of injury for each of them. The Council cannot accept this argument since when determining

whether material injury has been caused to the Community industry,

this term shall be interpreted in conformity with Article 4(5) of

Regulation (EEC) No 2423/88 as referring to the production of the

Community producers as a whole. 29. One exporter also argued that one of the Community producers was not

experiencing material injury and should have been excluded from the

injury assessment owing to an alleged healthy profit situation. The

Council cannot accept this view and recalls, as noted in recital 26,

that the injury suffered by the Community industry is determined

globally, on the basis of economic factors relating to its situation

as a whole. In addition it notes that several factors concerning this Community

producer were a clear indication of the existence of material

injury, such as a profit rate which was in fact below the average,

and a low global profitability achieved at the expense of

withdrawing loss-making models from the market. 30. It was also argued that the Commission's findings with regard to

production, capacity, utilization of capacity, and sales not only

referred to production in the Community but also included audio

cassettes manufactured by the Community industry in its overseas

facilities, and sold in the Community. As noted in the provisional findings of the Commission, this

activity has completely ceased in 1988, which is a further

indication of the existence of material injury. Indeed, while in

1985 the Community industry was operating at full capacity and thus

decided, in order to meet the demand, to increase its capacity of

production in the Community and simultaneously to supply the

- 19 -

Community market with products manufactured in overseas facilities,

the subsequent decrease of its sales in clear contrast with the

buoyancy of the market led it to close these overseas facilities and

to bear the costs of increasingly idle production facilities. 31. Several exporters contested the Commission's analysis of price

undercutting. One exporter argued that the price undercutting analysis for the

German market was based on data involving the resale by its

subsidiary of audio cassettes to other Community markets and

submitted new data at the end of the investigation. However, the Commission considers that these new data should be

disregarded : indeed, they show discrepancies when the Commission

cross-checked these with other data supplied by this exporter,

whilst the data used for the undercutting analysis were submitted by

the exporter itself as referring unequivocally and exclusively to

the German market and were verified as correct at the premises of

this company. In addition, these new data appear to show that price undercutting

has been merely shifted to other geographical markets in the

Community. Finally, the necessary verification of these new data

would have inadmissably delayed the course of the proceeding. The Council confirms the above finding of the Commission. 32. Another exporter argued that the Italian market should have been

taken into account in the price undercutting analysis since it was

in Italy that it sold its most important volume of audio cassettes. However, it has to be noted that, as explained in recital 66 of

Regulation (EEC) No 3262/90, the Commission selected three major

Community markets covering more than 70% of the Community sales

which are the most representative of all sales of audio cassettes in

the Community. The Commission found in contrast that the volume of

- 20 -

sales and price patterns of the exporters and Community producers on

other markets were not representative of the Community market as a

who Ie. 33. The above conclusion, in addition to the findings of the Commission

set out in recitals 55 to 77 of Regulation (EEC) No 3262/90 lead the

Council to consider that the Community industry is suffering

material injury within the meaning of Article 4(1) of Regulation

(EEC) No 2423/88. 3. Causât ion of injury

a) Effect of dumped imports

34. In its provisional findings, the Commission found that the increased

influx of dumped imports coincided with a significant loss of market

share and reduced profitability on the part of the Community

industry, together with price erosion, and price undercutting of the

audio cassettes produced by the Community industry. In particular,

it was noted that the Community industry was in a dilemma since it

had simultaneously to resist the dumped imports from Japan in the

high segment of the market, and the dumped imports from Korea in the

lower segment of the market where competition is led mainly by

price. As a result, the Commission concluded that dumped imports

had, taken in isolation, caused material injury to the Community

industry. 35. As far as Hong Kong imports are concerned, the Council considers

that in view of the small amount of dumped imports from Hong Kong

and of the absence of their brand recognition on the Community

market, these could not have caused material injury to the Community

industry. 36. As far as Japanese and Korean imports were concerned, several

arguments were raised, mostly by Japanese exporters. These

contested the provisional finding of the Commission and argued that

their exports could not be held responsible for causing injury since

- 21 -

,. !=;•. »!,•. : ^ A « l. i l 4 t. ^ -V. • ^. ^ft/,. '^

the market share of their exports decreased from 42% to 35% between

1985 and 1988 and have been mainly replaced by products manufactured

by their subsidiaries in the Community. According to these

exporters, material injury could only be attributed to dumped

imports from Korea, or to the effect of non-dumped sales in the

Community which had been overlooked by the Commission, such as the

sales of the audio cassettes manufactured by their production

subsidiaries in the Community. 37. The Council cannot accept these arguments. If Japanese dumped

exports were isolated from the other dumped exports, the arguments

raised are not corroborated by the facts. Indeed, while there is a

certain decrease of the market share of dumped exports from Japan

the Japanese exporters in 1988 retained a very large share of the

Community market (35%, which is almost double the Community

industry's market share) and have increased in absolute terms their

volume of dumped imports by 8%. In addition, as explained in recital 27, the Council considers that

the effect of dumped imports from Japan and Korea should be analysed

cumulatively. This analysis shows an increase in volume of the

dumped imports by 38% and in market share by 3%. 38. Finally, the effect of the dumped exports from Japan could not be

analysed without reference to the real weight that they have on this

market. It should be pointed out that, as described in recital 81

of Regulation (EEC) No 3262/90, the Japanese exporters have between

1985 and 1988 retained their market presence at about 70% of the

Community market including audio cassettes produced in the Community

and in Korea by related companies. They diversified their supply

channels in particular by increasing the output of their production

subsidiaries in the Community, but dumped imports from Japan remain

their main source of supply. In this respect, the Council notes

that dumped imports of audio cassettes and sales of audio cassettes

from other sources are part of the same commercial strategy In which

dumping is the driving element. 22 -

°) Effects of other factors

39. One exporter argued that the Commission did not consider in its

provisional findings, the effect of the audio cassettes manufactured

by the Community industry and sold for export to third countries. The Commission notes that between 1985 and 1988, while Community

sales decreased from 94 million units to 86 million units, export

sales of audio cassettes increased from 11 million units to

21 million units

however, this only shows that the Community

industry has reacted in an efficient manner to the effect of dumping

by developing new markets which were not affected by unfair

competition. A further indication of injury is shown by the fact

that the production of the Community industry, after deduction of

the production destined for export, was actually declining over the

per iod considered,

40. It was also argued that the injury suffered by one of the

complainants was the result of a wrong commercial decision when it

cut its prices in an attempt to sell on the low end of the market. The Council cannot accept this argument

the good performances

achieved by this Community producer in other sectors show that, for

lack of contrary proof, its commercial policy was adequate in so far

as it decided to decrease its prices in an attempt to retain its

market share against the pressure of the dumped imports. 41. In conclusion, the Council recognizes that oth^r factors, including

the sales of the production subsidiaries of the Japanese exporters,

may have had a negative effect on the situation of the Community

industry. However, this does not detract from the fact that the

dumped imports had a clear detrimental impact on the situation of

the Community industry and that this impact, taken in isolation, has

to be considered as material. Indeed, given the facts described in recitals 30 to 32, the Council

confirms the Commission's findings that the Community industry was

- 23 -

unable to defend its price, brand image and volume of sales against

the Japanese exporters : these were able to finance large selling

expenditure thanks to high profits on a domestic market without

foreign competition and large volume of sales resulting from dumping

and were in a position to force down the prices of the Community

industry in particular in its most important national market where a

significant price undercutting was found. The council also considers that the Community industry had to face

the effect of dumped imports from Korea, and was not able to meet

the low prices of these imports without definitively undermining its

profit situation and jeopardizing any possibility of competition

with the Japanese products in the high segment of the market. Therefore, the Council adopts the findings of the Commission set out

in recitals 78 to 94 of Regulation (EEC) No 3262/90 pertaining to

Korean and Japanese imports and concludes that these, taken in

isolation, have caused material injury. I. COMMUNITY INTEREST

42. In its provisional findings, the Commission considered and balanced

the interests of the Community industry, of the consumers and of

other industries and activities concerned. For the reasons given in

recitals 95 to 104 of Regulation (EEC) No 3262/90, it concluded that

the interests of the Community call, on balance, for granting

protection to the Community industry against unfair competition due

to dumped imports. 43. One exporter submitted that the withdrawal of one of the

complainants, AGFA, from this sector in 1990, and the takeover of

its activities by another complainant, BASF, will lead to cost-

savings and rationalization which could not fail to improve the

profit situation of the Community industry, and thus render

protective measures unnecessary and contrary to Community interest. - 24 -

The samo exporter also argued that the creation of manufacturing

subsidiaries in the Community by some Japanese exporters has

actually offset the loss of Jobs incurred in the Community

industry's plants. 44. The Council considers on the contrary that these facts strengthen

the case for the adoption of protective measures in order to prevent

other Community producers from disappearing, and considers that the

creation of jobs by non-integrated subsidiaries of the Japanese

exporters could not be considered as a fair substitute for a global

loss of employment in fully integrated producers. Therefore the Council confirms the Commission's findings that it is

in the Community interest to impose ant I-dumping measures to

eliminate the injurious effects of imports originating in Japan and

In Korea. J. DUTY

Sovera! exporters contested the methodoiogy applied by the

Commission to determine the individual injury margin of each

exporter. They argued that the effect of the determination of the

price increase of the Community industry was to compensate for past

lose of market share and not to eliminate present injury. In addition, they alleged that this determination took no account of

the other factors which may have contributed to ths current

unsatisfactory state of the Community industry. The Commission cannot accept these arguments. Firstly, the Commission recalls that the very purpose of the

Commun i ty's ant i-dump i no ! eg i G 1 at i on is to counter act dump i ng and

material

injury caused

thereby. Consequently,

the

Community

institutions are empowered to impose anti-dumping duties to the

extent of the dumping found. There is, however, an additional

- 25 -

responsibility on the institutions to avoid measures which can have

excessive consequences. Indeed, Article 13(3) of Regulation (EEC)

No 2423/88 states that the measures "should be less" than the

dumping margin "if such lesser duties would be adequate to remove

the injury". This entails an assessment and a forecast of the

future effects on the Community market of any anti-dumping measures

which by its very nature is Judgemental. This assessment, for which

the legislation gives no guidance, has to be reasonable and take

account of the particularities of each case. In fulfilling this responsibility the Commission considered that it

is reasonable to assess, in this case, that the elimination of the

full dumping margin for some exporters would probably be excessive

since the consequent price increase would place them at too much of

a disadvantage and possibly eliminate them from the market. The Commission therefore concluded, given the serious injury

inflicted on the Community industry over the years and its present

weakened situation, that the minimum necessary for its recovery from

the injurious effects of dumping would be to ensure that it is able

to achieve a reasonable rate of profit in combination with a

reasonable quantity of sales. 46. As far as this rate of profit is concerned, the Commissioan, in its

preliminary findings, has established 12% as reasonable. One exporter contested the rate of the target profit of 12%

determined by the Commission, arguing that an audio cassette is a

mature product which does not necessitate large research and

development expenditures which have to be financed by profits. The

Commission considers that, on the contrary, in view of the

importance of the marketing and promotion expenditures on this

Community market, and of the need for constantly upgrading the

features and styling of audio cassettes to attract consumers, a rate

of profit of 12% is reasonable. This is supported by the fact that

profits achieved by several of the exporters concerned on their

domestic markets are far higher than this rate. This view is

confirmed by the Council. 26 -

As far as a reasonable turnover is concerned the Commission

considers it inappropriate, as explained

in its preliminary

findings, to take the turnover of the Community industry in the

reference psriod (i. e. tho year 1988) since this turnover was

particularly heavily affected by the dumping practices found. Therefore, calculations of the necessary amounts of duty were based

on tho quantity of sales achieved by tho Community industry in 1985,

a year which i«j considered closer to a normal situation,

notwithstanding tho fact that the sales volume In that period may

also have been adversely affected by dumped imports or other factors

and that the trarket has evolved with the appearance of new

suppiiers. 47. Several exporters, atso contested tho use of an adjustment of the

injury margin of each exporter according to the relative volume of

dumped imports of each exporter in relation to the others. It was

ajrgue/d; that, the comparât i ve volume of dumped Imports bears no

relationship to the injury suffered by the Community industry, and

that the adjustment was based on an arbitrary factor which does not

reflect the real position of each exporter. 48. The Gouncii

cannot accept this view. Indeed, as shown in

recitals 55 to 61 and 80 to 87 of Regulation (EEC) No 3262/90 tho

volume of dumped import;? has been identified as one of the critical

factors of injury and it had thus to be taken into account when

detera&taP/ig which duty, iower than the dumping margin, would be

acteQUattt to remove the injury in conformity with Article 13(3) of

Rsgula'tion (EEC) No 242 3/88. In addition, tho factor used for this

adjustment, namely a variation of 20% of tho injury margin above and

below the average according to the volume of exports of each

exporter, far from being unreasonab!e has been determined by the

Commission according to its injury findings (such as evolution of

volume and market share of dumped imports and of tho Community

industry) as a reasonable estimate of the effect of tho volume of

CiUmped imports on tho injury suffered. - 27 -

49. It was also submitted that this adjustment should be based on the

volume of sales of dumped audio cassettes in the Community rather

than the volume of dumped imports. The Council considers however

that this adjustment can be based only on the volume of imports,

since the volume of sales of these imports in the Community may vary

during a period for inventory reasons, or because of transfers

between subsidiaries, and thus not be representative of the

injurious effect of the volume of dumped imports. 50. Finally, the Commission considers that, in order to establish the

rate of the definitive duties to be imposed, the Individual injury

margins determined provisionally have to bo expressed as a

percentage of the CIF value of the imports. To do this, for each exporter the weighted average selling price of

its sales to the first unrelated buyer has been converted to the

average CIF value of these sales. The individual injury threshold

was then expressed as a percentage of the weighted average resale

price of each exporter at CIF level. The result of this calculation

is the price increase at the Community frontier necessary to remove

the injury caused by each exporter. 51. The Council confirms the above findings of the Commission, and

concludes that on the basis of the injury calculation method

described in recitals 105 to 109 of Regulation (EEC) No 3262/90 and

for the abovement ioned reasons, the duty to be imposed should be at

the level of the dumping margin for all exporters mentioned in

recital 21, except for the exporters whose dumping margins exceed

the injury level and for which the following anti-dumping duties are

required to eliminate the injury suffered :

•. •1<C-L. , *. - - '. - 28 -

Fuji

Denon Columbia

Maxel 2

Sony

TDK

15. 2%

18. 7%

21. 8%

23. 4%

27. 4%

52. For other companies which neither replied to the Commission's

questionnaire nor otherwise made themselves known or refused full

access to information deemed to be necessary by the Commission for

its verification of the company's records, the Council considers it

appropriate to impose the highest duty calculated, i. o. 27. 4% for

products originating in Japan and 9. 2% for products originating in

Korea. Indeed, it would constitute a bonus for non-cooperation to

hold that tho duties for these producers/exporters woro any lower

than the highest anti-dumping duty determined. Tho duty to be imposed should apply to all audio cassettes from

Japan and Korea. K. COLLECTION OF PROVISIONAL DUTIES

53. in view of the dumping margins established, and the seriousness of

the injury caused to the Community industry, tho Council considers

it necessary that amounts collected by way of provisional anti

dumping duties should be definitively collected to the extent of the

amount of the duty definitively imposed. 54. !n respect of tho exporters whose dumping did not cause material

injury, the provisional duty coilected has to be released entirely. Provisional anti-dumping duties collected or securities received for

audio cassettes not covered by the definition anti-dumping duties

should also be released. HAS ADOPTED THIS REGULATION

- 29 -

Article 1

(1) A definitive anti-dumping duty is hereby imposed on imports of audio

tapes in cassettes falling within CN code ex 8523 11 00 (Taric

code 8523 11 00 *10) and originating in Japan and the Republic of

Korea. (2) The rate of the duty applicable to the net-free-at-Community-

frontier price before duty, is set as follows :

(a)

27. 4% for audio tapes in cassettes originating in Japan

(Taric additional code

8487), with the exception of

imports which are manufactured and sold for export to the

Community by the following companies. These companies shall

be subject to the rate of duty mentioned hereunder :

Sony

23. 4% (Taric additional code : 8483)

MaxelI

21. 8% (Taric additional code : 8484)

Denon

18. 7% (Taric additional code : 8486)

Fuji

15. 2% (Taric additional code : 8485)

(b)

9. 2% for audio tapes in cassettes originating in the

Republic of Korea (Taric additional code : 8488), with the

exception of imports which are manufactured and sold for

export to the Community by the following company. This

company shall be subject to the rate of duty mentioned

hereunder :

Sunkyong Magnetics Ltd (SKM) : 2. 6% (Taric additional code :

8489)

- 30 -

(3) None of tho duties shall apply to Imports of tho products specified

in paragraph 1 manufactured and sold for export by the following

Korean companies :

- Saehan Media Co. Seoul (Taric additional code : 8490)

- Sungnam Ltd. Seoul (Taric additional code : 8490)

- Keum Sahn Electronics Co. Ltd, Kyung Do (Taric additional

code : 8490)

(4) For the purpose of this Regulation, audio tapes in cassettes mean

audio cassettes of a length of 100 millimetres, a height of

64 millimetres and a depth of 12 millimetres and with a tolerance of

approximately +/- 2 millimetres. (5) In cases where the exporting company is not the same as the

producing company the rate applicable to the producing company shall

apply. (6) The provisions in force concerning customs duties shall apply. Article 2

The amounts secured by way of provisional anti-dumping duty under

Regulation (EEC) No 3262/90 shall be definitively collected at the duty

rate definitively imposed. Amounts secured in excess of the definitive

rate of duty shall be released. Article 3

The anti-dumping proceeding concerning imports of audio tapes in

cassettes originating In Hong Kong is terminated. The amounts secured by

way of provisional anti-dumping duty under Regulation (EEC) No 3262/90

shalI be released. - 31 -

Article 4

This Regulation shall enter into force on the day following that of its

publication in the Official Journal of the European Communities. This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable

in all Member States. Done at Brussels,

For the Council

The President

- 32 -

ISSN 0254-1475

COM(91) 118 final

DOCUMENTS

N

02

Catalogue number : CB-CO-91-148-EN-C
ISBN 92-77-71038-1

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per additional 10 pages: 1. 25 ECU

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Question No 59 by Mr IVERSEN (H-0364/91) to the Commission: Construction of a motorway bridge over the Sound and Directive 79/409/EEC on the conservation of wild birds

Denmark,Sweden,application of EU law,engineering structure,environmental impact,protected area,protection of animal life

Denmark
Sweden
application of EU law
engineering structure
environmental impact
protected area
protection of animal life


Question No 60 by Mr PUERTA (H-0365/91) to the Commission: Construction of a motorway bridge over the Sound and environmental impact Directive 85/337/EEC


Commission Regulation (EEC) No 919/91 of 12 April 1991 derogating from Regulation (EEC) No 1738/89 laying down detailed rules on production aid for durum wheat

Italy,durum wheat,production aid,regional aid

Italy
durum wheat
production aid
regional aid


Thirteenth Commission Directive 91/184/EEC of 12 March 1991 adapting to technical progress Annexes II, III, IV, V, VI and VII to Council Directive 76/768/EEC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to cosmetic products


91/251/EEC: Commission Decision of 12 April 1991 declaring the compatibility with the common market of a concentration (Case No IV/MO42 - Alcatel/Telettra) - Council Regulation (EEC) No 4064/89 (Only the English text is authentic)

France,Italy,competition policy,economic concentration,telecommunications equipment,telecommunications industry

France
Italy
competition policy
economic concentration
telecommunications equipment
telecommunications industry


PROPOSAL FOR A COUNCIL DECISION PROVIDING MEDIUM-TERM FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE FOR ROMANIA

Community loan,International Monetary Fund,Romania,financial aid,medium-term credit,reflation

Community loan
International Monetary Fund
Romania
financial aid
medium-term credit
reflation

COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES

C0M(91) 129 final

Brussels,12 April 1991

Proposal for a

COUNCIL DECISION

providing medium-term financial assistance

for Romania

(presented by the Commission)

- 2 -

EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM

Romania's request for financial support

After a long period of political turmoil following the collapse of the

Ceauscescu regime in December 1989, the Romanian authorities have now

embarked upon a comprehensive reform programme aimed at stabilising the

economic situation and initiating the process of transformation from a

highly centralised planned system to a market oriented economy. The

starting conditions for this process are unfavourable, however. The

previous regime's overriding policy concern of repaying the foreign

debt through a policy of import compression has left the country with

an obsolete capital stock and huge pent up demand for consumer goods. As a result, major imbalances started to appear as the command system

was abolished and resources were redirected towards meeting the

consumption needs of the population. In support of the economic reform and adjustment programme, the

authorities have requested assistance from the IMF in the form of a

stand-by arrangement as well as drawings under the oil-import element

of the Compensatory and Contingency Financing Facility. The IMF has

concluded the negotiations with the Romanian authorities and the

Executive Board is expected to consider the stand-by arrangement at the

beginning of April. As a precondition for approving the arrangement the

IMF has formulated a number of prior actions which have to be taken by

the Romanian authorities. In addition to resourses likely to be forthcoming from the IMF and the

World Bank, the authorities have requested complementary financial

assistance from the Group of Twenty Four to close a remaining financing

gap, which is estimated at some $ 1 billion. If such additional

financing would not be found, the IMF might have to renegotiate the

programme, which could delay its implementation. Inadequate financing

would also risk jeopardising the success of the reform programme by

requiring additional cut-backs in the already heavily constrained level

of imports. - 3 -

The economic reform programme

During 1990, the Romanian government already implemented several

measures to facilitate the

introduction of

its macro-economic

adjustment programme. These measures included the elimination of almost

three quarters of the stock of unservicable debts of enterprises to the

banking sector, and two devaluations of the lei by a cumulative 60% in

foreign currency terms. The government also began to introduce a number of economic reforms. Since November 1990, a partial price liberalisation and adjustment of

controlled prices have brought prices of most imported inputs broadly

in line with world market prices at the current exchange rate. As a

consequence, at the end of January the consumer price index was about

50% higher than the level prevailing in October last year. Furthermore,

a separation of the central and commercial banking functions of the

National Bank of Romania constituted a first step towards the creation

of a market based financial system at the same time as it enhanced the

authorities' ability to enforce monetary control. In continuation of these initial measures, the complete policy

programme currently under

implementation aims at reforming the

organisation of the economy

into a market-based system while

eliminating or reducing major economic imbalances that might jeopardize

the reform effort. The programme's stabilisation objectives for 1991

are to contain the decline in output, to arrive at a rate of inflation

of 15% per annum by the end of the year — after an initial significant

jump in the price level — and to rebuild the level of foreign currency

reserves to some $ 1 billion by the end of 1991. To achieve these

objectives, the authorities intend to maintain a tight fiscal policy-,

to adopt a flexible interest rate policy; to ensure wage restraint

through incomes policy and to follow an appropriate exchange rate

po11cy. The structural reforms include a general liberalisation of foreign

trade; extension of price liberalisation to a greater number of goods

and services; privatisation and restructuring of state enterprises; and

financial sector reform. - 4 -

With respect to fiscal policy, the government intends to maintain a

strict financial discipline in the general government sector through

the adoption of a very small deficit target (1. 5% of GDP). The

government also plans to introduce a value added tax by 1992 to replace

the existing turnover tax system, and is committed to introduce a

personal income tax this year. To prepare for the process of privatisation, the authorities have also

begun to transform most state owned companies into commercial

enterprises, with only a limited number to be converted into public

entities remaining under state ownership. Several measures that would

distribute shares among the population are being explored, including a

free voucher system and the sale of shares through public auctions. Furthermore, legislation will be developed to strengthen financial

discipline of enterprises and to discourage bank credit to loss making

firms. In the area of price liberalization, the authorities have decided to

carry out a second major stage of the price reform process on April 1,

1991. This will entail the liberalisation of prices on those basic

consumer goods that were not affected by the first stage of price

reform in November. In addition, the government is committed to

adjusting prices of imported goods (including energy) to any future

changes in the exchange rate in order to keep them at international

levels. Incomes policy will be oriented towards offsetting part of the impact

of the price reform by authorising compensation payments for workers. To restrain wage growth, however, a tax-based incomes policy has been

introduced according to which a tax will be levied on enterprises that

grant wage increases in excess of government guidelines. External policies will be characterised by important changes in the

trade and exchange system. The authorities

intend to abolish

quantitative restrictions on imports, and export licensing will be

limited to products subject to domestic price controls or imported at

the official exchange rate. - 5 -

With respect to the exchange regime, in addition to the recent

devaluations of the official rate, in February the authorities

introduced

an interbank foreign exchange market with a freely

determined exchange

rate. Enterprises will have the possibility to

sell part of their export

earnings on this market. So far, however,

the amount of foreign currency available for the free market has been

quite modest, which helps to explain the large gap that persists

between the official exchange rate and the free rate. The spread

between the two exchange rates is monitored closely and the

authorities are committed to unify the rates as soon as possible. Major progress in this direction is expected to be achieved before the

IMF stand-by arrangement takes effect. The need for additional financial support

Like other countries in Central and Eastern Europe, Romania is faced

with exceptionally large external shocks in 1991. The disintegration

of trade relations with other CMEA countries, aggravated by their own

economic difficulties, is causing a sharp drop in trade volumes in the

whole region, which is also being felt by Romania. The shift to world

market prices in intra-Comecon trade has also had an adverse effect on

Romania's terms of trade, although the impact is likely to be smaller

than in other Central and Eastern European countries. The Gulf crisis

has aggravated the situation further, partly by reducing the chances of

repayment through oil deliveries of outstanding credits to Iraq

amounting to some $ 1. 7 billion. Apart from these external influences, the volume of exports is likely

to be constrained by the disruption of domestic production while strong

pent-up demand for imports is likely to persist. In these circumstances

it is clear that a major adjustment effort will be required to contain

the current account deficit at a level of some $ 1. 7 billion, which is

the target underlying the policy programme1. Taking into account the
need to replenish external reserves, the overall financing requirement

is estimated at some $ 2. 7 billion. To finance the projected deficit, the Romanian authorities will have to

rely primarily on credit from official sources. Both direct foreign

investment, commercial bank lending and suppliers credit are likely to

remain modest this year. Some $ 1. 1 billion of the financing

requirement is expected to be covered by the World Bank and the IMF. The assistance from the IMF would include access under the oil window

of the CCFF ($ 360 million) and a stand-by arrangement ($ 455 million). To cover the remaining financing gap of $ 1 billion the Romanian

government has requested complementary financial assistance from the

Community and the Group of Twenty Four. Main features of the loan

The Commission is proposing that the Community would participate up to

ecu 375 million in a medium-term financial support package from the G-

24 and possibly other countries, the total amount of which would be

some ecu 750 million. This assistance is expected to take the form of

loans, with a maximum duration of seven years. The loan the Commission is envisaging will be closely linked to the IMF

programme and would be disbursed in two tranches, the first tranche

being subject to approval of the IMF agreement, the second one - which

is to be disbursed in the fourth quarter of the year - subject to

compliance with a number of performance criteria which are to be

discussed with the Romanian government in consultation with the

Monetary Committee. account

The 1991 current
target of $-1. 7 billion covers
transactions with both the convertible currency area and the CMEA
area. In 1990, Romania registered an estimated deficit of $1. 7
billion in convertible currency and the approximate equivalent of a
$1. 4 billion deficit in non-convertible currency. - 7 -

The Community would provide the funds through market borrowing with a

guarantee by the Community budget. Romania would subsequently borrow

from the Community. The borrowing and lending operations will be

matched and without any commercial risk for the Community. - 8 -

Proposal for a

COUNCIL PEdSIQN

providing medium-term financial assistance

for Romania

THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES,

Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Economic

Community, and in particular Article 235 thereof,

Having regard to the proposal from the Commission1 submitted following

consultations within the Monetary Committee,

Having regard to the opinion of the European Parliament2,

Whereas Romania is undertaking fundamental political and economic

reforms and has decided to adopt a market economy model;

Whereas the said reforms are already under implementation and their

financial support from the Community will strengthen mutual confidence

and bring Romania closer to the Community;

Whereas, following the changes in the international environment, the

Romanian economy is in deep recession and facing external shocks which

might deteriorate sharply its balance of payments and weaken its

precarious reserve position;

Whereas the Romanian authorities have requested financial assistance

from the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the Group of 24 Industrial

Countries (G-24) and the Community; whereas, over and above the

estimated financing which could be provided by the IMF and the World

Bank, a financial gap of some ECU 750 million remains to be covered in

1991, inorderto prevent a further erosion of Romania's uncertain

- 9 -

reserve position and avoid an additional degree of import compression

which could seriously jeopardise the achievement of the policy

objectives underlying the Government's reform effort;

Whereas the Commission as coordinator of assistance from the G-24 has

invited them and other third countries to provide medium-term financial

assistance to Romania;

Whereas the grant by the Community of a medium-term loan to Romania is

an appropriate measure to support the balance of payments and to

strengthen the country's reserve position-,

Whereas the Community loan should be managed by the Commission;

Whereas the Treaty does not provide, for the adoption of this Decision,

powers other than those of Article 235,

HAS DECIDED AS FOLLOWS :

Article 1

1. The Community shall grant to Romania a medium-term loan facility of

a maximum amount of ECU 375 million in principal, with a maximum

average duration of seven years, with a view to ensuring a

sustainable balance-of-payments situation and strengthening the

reserve position. 2. To this end the Commission is empowered to borrow, on behalf of the

European Economic Community, the necessary resources that will be

placed at the disposal of Romania in the form of a loan. 3. This loan will be managed by the Commission in full consultation

with the Monetary Committee and in a manner consistent with any

Agreement reached between the IMF and Romania. - 10 -

Article 2

1. The Commission is empowered to negotiate with the Romanian

authorities, after consultation with the Monetary Committee, the

economic policy conditions attached to the loan. These conditions

shall be consistent with any agreement as referred to in Article

1(3) and with arrangements made by the G-24. 2. The Commission shall verify at regular intervals, in collaboration

with the Monetary Committee and in close coordination with G-24 and

the IMF, that the economic policy in Romania is in accordance with

the objectives of this loan and that its conditions are being

fulfilled. Article 3

1. The loan shall be made available to Romania in two instalments. The

first instalment shall be released as soon as a "stand-by

arrangement" has been concluded between Romania and the IMF and the

second instalment not before the fourth quarter of 1991 subject to

the provisions of Article 2(2). 2. The funds shall be paid to the National Bank of Romania. Article 4

1. The borrowing and lending operations referred to in Article 1 shall

be carried out using the same value date and must not involve the

Community in the transformation of maturities, in any exchange or

interest-rate risk, or in any other commercial risk. 2. The Commission shall take the necessary steps, if Romania so

decides, to include in the loan conditions, and also to exercise an

early repayment clause. - 11 -

3. At the request of Romania, and where circumstances permit an

improvement in the interest rate on the loans, the Commission may

refinance all or part of its initial borrowings or restructure the

corresponding financial conditions. Refinancing or restructuring

operations shall be carried out in accordance with the conditions

set out in paragraph 1 and shall not have the effect of extending

the average duration of the borrowing concerned or increasing the

amount, expressed at the current exchange rate, of capital

outstanding at the date of the refinancing or restructuring. 4. All related costs incurred by the Community in concluding and

carrying out the operation under this Decision shall be borne by

Roman I a. 5. The Monetary Committee shall be kept informed of developments in

the operations referred to in paragraphs 2 and 3 at least once a

year. Article 5

At least once a year the Commission shall address to the European

Parliament and to the Council a report, which will include an

assessment, on the implementation of this Decision. Done at Brussels,

For the Council

The President

- 12 -

FINANCIAL RECORD

1. Budget Une concerned

Article (

) loan guarantee for aid to Romania (to be created

through an amending and/or supplementary Budget). 2. References (legal base)

Article 235 of the Treaty

3. Classification of the Expenditure

Obi Igatory

4. Description and Justification for the action

a) Description of the action

Provision of a guarantee from the Community for a loan to
Romania in view of supporting its balance of payments and
strengthening the country's reserve position. b) Justification for the action

The G24 and the Council of the EEC have endorsed the
principle of providing assistance in response to a request
from Romania. The budget entry Is intended to provide a budgetary support
for guarantee offered by the European Community to cover a
loan extended to Romania. 5. Nature of the expenditure and method of calculation

a) Nature of the expenditure

A guarantee to a loan to Romania. b) Method of calculation

A token entry is proposed given that the amount and timing of
any call on this budget line cannot be calculated in advance
and because it is expected that this budget guarantee will not
be cal led. 6. Effect of the action on intervention credits

Only in the case of an effective call on the guarantee. - 13 -

7. Financing of intervention expenditure

Endowment of the line by transfer, by reutilisation of
reimbursed amounts (Article 27(3) of the Financial Regulation
of 1977), or by amended and/or supplementary budget. In order to fulfill its obligations, the Commission can
provisionally ensure the debt service with funds from its
treasury. In that case, Article 12 of the Council Regulation
(EEC, Euratom) no. 1522/89 of 29. 5. 1989 will apply. <«SN 1254-1475

C0M(91) 129 final

DOCUMENTS

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Catalogue number : CB-CO-91-156-EN-C
ISBN 92-77-71264-3

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Office for Offîcial Publications of the European Communities

L-2985 Luxembourg


Commission Directive 91/248/EEC of 12 April 1991 amending the Annexes to Council Directive 70/524/EEC concerning additives in feedingstuffs


Question No 62 by Mrs DOMINGO SEGARRA (H-0358/91) to the Commission: Conservation of the Albufera de Valencia nature reserve

Community of Valencia,Spain,application of EU law,fish,nature reserve,protection of animal life

Community of Valencia
Spain
application of EU law
fish
nature reserve
protection of animal life


ORAL QUESTION B3-0504/91 with debate by Mr de la MALENE on behalf of the RDE Group to European Political Cooperation: Restrictions on arms exports to the Middle East

Iraq,Middle East,arms control,arms industry,arms limitation,arms supply,arms trade,disarmament,export (EU),export restriction,industrial conversion,international conflict,international security,updating of skills,weapon of mass destruction

Iraq
Middle East
arms control
arms industry
arms limitation
arms supply
arms trade
disarmament
export (EU)
export restriction
industrial conversion
international conflict
international security
updating of skills
weapon of mass destruction


Commission Regulation (EEC) No 910/91 of 11 April 1991 on the sale by the procedure laid down in Regulation (EEC) No 2539/84 of beef held by certain intervention agencies and intended for export to Brazil and amending Regulation (EEC) No 569/88


Commission Regulation (EEC) No 905/91 of 11 April 1991 on the definitive application of the guarantee limitation arrangements for sheepmeat and goatmeat for the 1990 marketing year


Guide to the Council of the European Communities II/1984.

Council of the European Union,EU Member State,European Council,competence of the institution,directory,organisation chart

Council of the European Union
EU Member State
European Council
competence of the institution
directory
organisation chart


ORAL QUESTION B3-0506/91 with debate by Mr ANTONY on behalf of the Technical Group of the European Right to European Political Cooperation: The Gulf crisis and disarmament policy


Country studies on the financing of vocational training with particular reference to continuing training for the gainfully employed.

Germany,continuing education,financing,vocational training,wage earner

Germany
continuing education
financing
vocational training
wage earner


ORAL QUESTION B3-0507/91 with debate by Mr CAPUCHO on behalf of the LDR Group to European Political Cooperation: The need to develop a Community policy on the export of armaments


ORAL QUESTION B3-0505/91 with debate by Mr PANNELLA, Mrs JOANNY, Mr AMENDOLA, Mrs TAZDAIT, Mr BETTINI, Mrs MUSCARDINI and Mr TARADASH to European Political Cooperation: Control of arms dealing and exports