diff --git "a/data/en005/text/00000037.txt" "b/data/en005/text/00000037.txt" new file mode 100644--- /dev/null +++ "b/data/en005/text/00000037.txt" @@ -0,0 +1,9087 @@ +Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00000-00000000-00000405 My question is related to Bhavna Yog +Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00001-00000438-00001078 we have all seen the miracle of bhavna yog +Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00002-00001078-00001276 in the past 10 days +Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00003-00001312-00001530 so regarding that my question to you is +Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00004-00001530-00001982 in that we always keep on giving our mind a command +Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00005-00001982-00002190 that I am calm +Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00006-00002190-00002492 I am positive, I am a nice person +Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00007-00002492-00002677 we continuously give such commands +Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00008-00002678-00003146 but in real life +Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00009-00003146-00003360 everywhere the environment is such +Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00010-00003360-00003694 where you have to +Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00011-00003694-00004254 use all sorts of politics +Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00012-00004274-00004588 when you have to live in this World and do things +Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00013-00004642-00005146 So on one hand we are giving a command to our mind that we +Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00014-00005146-00005404 are good and do good only +Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00015-00005404-00005520 on the other hand +Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00016-00005532-00005730 when we live in a society +Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00017-00005730-00005941 there are all types of negativity +Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00018-00005941-00006183 so Maharajshri, how should we create a balance here? +Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00019-00006256-00006466 You have asked a very good question? +Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00020-00006614-00006931 We preach something and do something else +Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00021-00007048-00007326 our emotions are pure +Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00022-00007331-00007581 whereas our behavior is turning distorted +Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00023-00007695-00007918 its true that a person living in a society needs to behave +Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00024-00007918-00008212 the way society asks him to +Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00025-00008298-00008528 And that's a very complicated situation +Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00026-00008616-00009006 you have asked that early in the morning we hope for something +Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00027-00009038-00009186 but end up doing the opposite +Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00028-00009186-00009386 then how to create a balance +Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00029-00009446-00009756 the kind of emotions and thoughts we brew in us +Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00030-00009838-00010388 that will help us in not getting too involved in wrong actions +Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00031-00010390-00010510 to a great extent +Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00032-00010579-00010847 if you do bhavna yog in the morning +Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00033-00010932-00011300 this will help you control your emotions +Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00034-00011360-00011698 you will become more positive +Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00035-00011756-00012060 your life can become more simple +Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00036-00012124-00012382 your life can be more peaceful +Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00037-00012564-00012780 control over your emotions, +Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00038-00012840-00012988 positivity, +Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00039-00013043-00013160 simplicity, +Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00040-00013215-00013387 peace and stability, +Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00041-00013440-00013682 is needed in every walk of life +Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00042-00013750-00014041 you are associated with a big corporate house +Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00043-00014134-00014296 i ask you +Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00044-00014308-00014636 don't they teach you to control your emotions? +Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00045-00014718-00014838 yes, they do +Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00046-00014846-00015138 don't they tell you to be positive? +Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00047-00015236-00015704 don't they tell you to give strong remarks on everything? +Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00048-00015704-00015824 don't they tell you to stay calm? +Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00049-00015924-00016269 don't they tell you to not be affected by small things +Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00050-00016272-00016372 and stay natural +Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00051-00016404-00016693 these are all leadership skills that are taught +Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00052-00016694-00016914 these are all the commands of bhavna yog +Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00053-00016990-00017248 If you want to keep your relations good +Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00054-00017248-00017486 and want to prosper in your professional life +Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00055-00017486-00017720 then bhavna yog is the best way you can achieve these +Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00056-00017930-00018199 about the nature of our soul +Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00057-00018200-00018376 that's the core element of Jainism +Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00058-00018482-00018948 If we link our emotions to our soul +Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00059-00019154-00019386 then no matter what part of the World we may live in +Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00060-00019602-00019752 we will always be in our senses +Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00061-00019886-00020292 and the person who does everything and +Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00062-00020292-00020466 has control over his senses +Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00063-00020500-00020772 he will never fail in life +Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00064-00020930-00021214 Chakravartis have so much to face +Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00065-00021482-00021822 but yet they remember who they are +Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00066-00021822-00022102 this is what a Samyakdrishti soul is +Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00067-00022383-00022586 be surrounded by your family +Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00068-00022675-00022898 but never forget that +Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00069-00023002-00023300 you were born alone and will die alone +Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00070-00023508-00023746 This understanding needs to be within us +Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00071-00023746-00024046 that you do so many things due to relations +Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00072-00024127-00024400 but what is worth of me doing +Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00073-00024628-00025028 this understanding needs to be embedded in us +Y8CM71hmhak-00000-00000000-00000200 HDR 4K VİDEO SETİNGS +YrA7pOYgSNu-00000-00000555-00000715 - Hi everyone, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00001-00000715-00000830 I'm Abigail Tyler, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00002-00000830-00000961 and I'm from Henry County +YrA7pOYgSNu-00003-00000961-00001105 and I'm one of the, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00004-00001105-00001488 31 Alabama State Ambassadors for 4-H . +YrA7pOYgSNu-00005-00001488-00001728 I'm here today with Mr. Pete Crews, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00006-00001728-00001982 who is the Headland Airport Manager, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00007-00001982-00002442 out at the local airport in my County. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00008-00002442-00002670 We're really pleased to have him today +YrA7pOYgSNu-00009-00002670-00002923 and we're going to ask him a couple of questions, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00010-00002923-00003047 about his career +YrA7pOYgSNu-00011-00003047-00003235 and how he got started. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00012-00003235-00003472 So I would like to first ask you, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00013-00003472-00003756 what was your major in college? +YrA7pOYgSNu-00014-00003756-00003860 - Well my major has, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00015-00003860-00004057 nothing to do with what I do now. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00016-00004057-00004265 I Went to Auburn University Oregon +YrA7pOYgSNu-00017-00004265-00004514 and majored in a gastronomy and soils +YrA7pOYgSNu-00018-00004514-00004691 and I was planning on working for +YrA7pOYgSNu-00019-00004691-00004854 the soil conservation service. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00020-00004854-00005129 I was in the agriculture field, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00021-00005129-00005212 I wanted to stay there. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00022-00005212-00005295 I've been born +YrA7pOYgSNu-00023-00005295-00005457 and raised as a farmer's son +YrA7pOYgSNu-00024-00005457-00005623 and you know, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00025-00005623-00005811 I'll probably continue on as being a farmer +YrA7pOYgSNu-00026-00005811-00006087 or working in some line of agriculture. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00027-00006185-00006289 - That's really cool. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00028-00006289-00006447 What got you interested, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00029-00006447-00006853 in being a part of the airport life? +YrA7pOYgSNu-00030-00006853-00007040 - Well it's I think +YrA7pOYgSNu-00031-00007040-00007270 aviation has been in my blood all my life. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00032-00007270-00007511 I remember when I grew up here in Headland, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00033-00007511-00007934 they had the helicopters from Fort Rucker Alabama, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00034-00007934-00008067 Flew constantly in our area. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00035-00008067-00008193 They were preparing for Vietnam +YrA7pOYgSNu-00036-00008193-00008363 and they trained a good bit of pilots +YrA7pOYgSNu-00037-00008363-00008446 here in this area. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00038-00008446-00008678 So, they had the local landing fields +YrA7pOYgSNu-00039-00008678-00008947 and for some of the pastures around our house +YrA7pOYgSNu-00040-00008947-00009135 and if I got a free moment I'd go over +YrA7pOYgSNu-00041-00009135-00009349 and watch the helicopters land +YrA7pOYgSNu-00042-00009349-00009469 and you always, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00043-00009469-00009613 just had an interest in watching them fly +YrA7pOYgSNu-00044-00009613-00009698 and how they flew +YrA7pOYgSNu-00045-00009799-00009991 and just lacked the aviation science +YrA7pOYgSNu-00046-00009991-00010198 and I thought it was really cool to see them. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00047-00010198-00010281 Something that big +YrA7pOYgSNu-00048-00010281-00010401 and heavy could actually fly +YrA7pOYgSNu-00049-00010401-00010551 and carry people on. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00050-00010551-00010665 So I think it's something, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00051-00010665-00010821 that was in my blood from early on +YrA7pOYgSNu-00052-00010821-00011229 and just if I didn't act on it until later in life +YrA7pOYgSNu-00053-00011229-00011369 but you know, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00054-00011369-00011647 I think it's a calling I think it's summer to , +YrA7pOYgSNu-00055-00011647-00011827 you know some other fields for, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00056-00011827-00012051 you know maybe a law enforcement. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00057-00012051-00012194 There's like yeah There's people, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00058-00012194-00012320 it's a calling dealing with that field +YrA7pOYgSNu-00059-00012320-00012564 and aviation is the same thing. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00060-00012564-00012647 If you're a pilot, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00061-00012647-00012897 you know it you like it there's no gray areas, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00062-00012897-00013100 no, it's not cool, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00063-00013100-00013183 It's nuts, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00064-00013183-00013272 It's you either like it +YrA7pOYgSNu-00065-00013272-00013451 or you don't like it. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00066-00013451-00013608 - That's really interesting. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00067-00013608-00013908 So maybe can you give us a typical day, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00068-00013908-00014182 in what your job is like? +YrA7pOYgSNu-00069-00014182-00014265 - Yeah, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00070-00014265-00014348 I'd be glad to. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00071-00014348-00014505 Well, I need to get up early in the morning +YrA7pOYgSNu-00072-00014505-00014597 when it's not cool +YrA7pOYgSNu-00073-00014597-00014819 and we have several things +YrA7pOYgSNu-00074-00014819-00014985 that we take care of there at the airport. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00075-00014985-00015138 we have aviation fuel, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00076-00015138-00015304 that's for the airplanes that come +YrA7pOYgSNu-00077-00015304-00015462 and go +YrA7pOYgSNu-00078-00015462-00015546 and pilots stop +YrA7pOYgSNu-00079-00015546-00015629 and refuel their planes, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00080-00015629-00015755 similar to a gas station +YrA7pOYgSNu-00081-00015755-00016014 you know at a convenience store except +YrA7pOYgSNu-00082-00016014-00016165 that it's for aviation purposes. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00083-00016165-00016341 And we have to check the fuel to +YrA7pOYgSNu-00084-00016341-00016542 make sure the fuel has no water in it. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00085-00016542-00016684 Because if these guys have a problem +YrA7pOYgSNu-00086-00016684-00016855 in the air, they can't just stop +YrA7pOYgSNu-00087-00016855-00017013 and check it out. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00088-00017013-00017155 So it's very important +YrA7pOYgSNu-00089-00017155-00017306 that the fuel is pure +YrA7pOYgSNu-00090-00017306-00017564 and it's the grade that we sell. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00091-00017564-00017798 So we do that as the very first thing, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00092-00017798-00018000 they check that make sure that's good +YrA7pOYgSNu-00093-00018000-00018256 and we are basic property managers. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00094-00018256-00018401 We have, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00095-00018401-00018661 I think it's about 392 acres of the airport +YrA7pOYgSNu-00096-00018661-00018778 in Headland Alabama, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00097-00018778-00019097 and we have 190 of that as row crop +YrA7pOYgSNu-00098-00019097-00019339 and agriculture that we rent out to farmers. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00099-00019339-00019502 So that's part of our management. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00100-00019502-00019681 It's to work with that farmer, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00101-00019681-00019867 and work with him on his crops, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00102-00019867-00020093 that he has there We lease the land +YrA7pOYgSNu-00103-00020093-00020176 and make sure he stays +YrA7pOYgSNu-00104-00020176-00020323 within the confines of our lease. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00105-00020323-00020490 And then we also have, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00106-00020490-00020630 a number of buildings there, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00107-00020714-00020797 we have 40 T hangers. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00108-00020797-00020882 a T hangar is +YrA7pOYgSNu-00109-00020882-00021082 a hanger that houses an airplane, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00110-00021082-00021226 a small airplane. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00111-00021226-00021410 generally aviation airplane, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00112-00021410-00021523 It's a lot of people who owns boats +YrA7pOYgSNu-00113-00021523-00021642 and you know second cars +YrA7pOYgSNu-00114-00021642-00021725 and stuff. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00115-00021725-00021874 several people own airplanes, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00116-00021874-00021995 and they have to store them somewhere, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00117-00021995-00022106 usually at an airport. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00118-00022106-00022373 And so we have T hangers on Minnesota's. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00119-00022373-00022721 We have 40 of them that are up for lease. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00120-00022721-00022822 We keep those full. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00121-00022822-00023012 So if somebody is leaving, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00122-00023012-00023177 we have somebody to fill it up, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00123-00023177-00023363 that's where we get a lot of our income from +YrA7pOYgSNu-00124-00023363-00023629 and the rent of these buildings. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00125-00023629-00023862 We also have several other businesses +YrA7pOYgSNu-00126-00023862-00023945 out of the airport. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00127-00023945-00024144 just besides the hidden airport. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00128-00024144-00024227 We have Wilco, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00129-00024227-00024363 which is powder coating fentanyl. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00130-00024363-00024490 We have five Calvin Matt +YrA7pOYgSNu-00131-00024490-00024573 and trucking. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00132-00024573-00024679 They're a trucking company. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00133-00024679-00025112 We have several flat skills that give flight instruction, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00134-00025112-00025255 survival flight, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00135-00025255-00025487 that there are a laugh ambulance car, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00136-00025487-00025617 air ambulance jumping in. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00137-00025617-00025791 So I'll work with all of these companies to make sure +YrA7pOYgSNu-00138-00025791-00026080 that their buildings are well taken care of. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00139-00026080-00026202 They have the, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00140-00026202-00026489 things they need to run their business there +YrA7pOYgSNu-00141-00026489-00026673 and if we can help them that's what we do. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00142-00026673-00026898 So my day is spent taking care of property +YrA7pOYgSNu-00143-00026898-00027043 and managing our property. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00144-00027156-00027436 - I know that probably working at an airport, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00145-00027436-00027577 is a high-risk job? +YrA7pOYgSNu-00146-00027577-00027936 What would you say is your biggest responsibility? +YrA7pOYgSNu-00147-00027936-00028123 - I think the biggest thing is +YrA7pOYgSNu-00148-00028123-00028361 probably making sure the Polish are taken care of +YrA7pOYgSNu-00149-00028361-00028733 the people that come in to our airport +YrA7pOYgSNu-00150-00028733-00028914 to make sure they feel welcome +YrA7pOYgSNu-00151-00028914-00029136 and make sure they get a little taste +YrA7pOYgSNu-00152-00029136-00029266 of our Southern hospitality. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00153-00029266-00029411 So just want to make sure +YrA7pOYgSNu-00154-00029411-00029623 that I portray Hedland airport +YrA7pOYgSNu-00155-00029623-00029752 and my best life image +YrA7pOYgSNu-00156-00029752-00029939 and make them remember +YrA7pOYgSNu-00157-00029939-00030097 that they want to come back to heaven +YrA7pOYgSNu-00158-00030097-00030260 that they lack it. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00159-00030260-00030420 And so representing heaven airport +YrA7pOYgSNu-00160-00030420-00030647 is probably my biggest responsibility. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00161-00030741-00031020 - And moving onto the next question. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00162-00031020-00031130 What would you say, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00163-00031130-00031373 is one of your favorite things +YrA7pOYgSNu-00164-00031373-00031685 that you get to do in your job? +YrA7pOYgSNu-00165-00031685-00031973 - I think, you know, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00166-00031973-00032056 talking with a pilot , +YrA7pOYgSNu-00167-00032056-00032187 sitting around, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00168-00032187-00032304 the pilots will come in +YrA7pOYgSNu-00169-00032304-00032487 and they needed a break from their flights +YrA7pOYgSNu-00170-00032487-00032689 and then they will decompress +YrA7pOYgSNu-00171-00032689-00032879 and I'll talk about them fast. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00172-00032879-00032962 And I love sitting around +YrA7pOYgSNu-00173-00032962-00033177 and talking aviation with the pilots. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00174-00033177-00033295 That's always kind of fun. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00175-00033295-00033455 And we have a front porch for, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00176-00033455-00033539 this guys will come +YrA7pOYgSNu-00177-00033539-00033710 and sit drink a cup of coffee +YrA7pOYgSNu-00178-00033889-00033972 or a water +YrA7pOYgSNu-00179-00033972-00034056 or soda +YrA7pOYgSNu-00180-00034056-00034139 or whatever they have. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00181-00034139-00034222 And , +YrA7pOYgSNu-00182-00034328-00034455 we talked to them +YrA7pOYgSNu-00183-00034455-00034592 and just, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00184-00034592-00034720 you know they're getting their stories, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00185-00034720-00034830 and you know you talk to some people +YrA7pOYgSNu-00186-00034830-00034951 with very expensive aircraft, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00187-00034951-00035143 and it's, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00188-00035143-00035301 it's kind of neat to see +YrA7pOYgSNu-00189-00035301-00035384 where have they been +YrA7pOYgSNu-00190-00035384-00035467 or what they've done. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00191-00035467-00035557 And you get associated +YrA7pOYgSNu-00192-00035557-00035709 with some what we call, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00193-00035709-00035844 the celebrities of our business. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00194-00035844-00036000 The people that are flying the GS, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00195-00036000-00036195 and you have a bigger aircraft +YrA7pOYgSNu-00196-00036195-00036280 that we don't see a lot +YrA7pOYgSNu-00197-00036280-00036425 but they have their own airplanes +YrA7pOYgSNu-00198-00036425-00036539 and they come into our airport. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00199-00036539-00036741 So I think associating with them, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00200-00036741-00036824 seeing them +YrA7pOYgSNu-00201-00036824-00036952 and listen to their stories. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00202-00036952-00037128 That's, that's the best part of it. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00203-00037128-00037332 Just, yeah, I'm a people person. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00204-00037332-00037479 So I like to talk to people +YrA7pOYgSNu-00205-00037479-00037743 and I don't like to be alone. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00206-00037743-00038023 Also another cool thing I enjoy as if +YrA7pOYgSNu-00207-00038023-00038231 there are a lot of things I do during the day. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00208-00038231-00038382 And my attention spans, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00209-00038382-00038547 is I guess it's fairly short. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00210-00038547-00038701 So I need to change up during the day. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00211-00038701-00038903 I don't want to do the same thing, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00212-00038903-00039068 all day Every day. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00213-00039068-00039302 This gives me a chance to deviate +YrA7pOYgSNu-00214-00039302-00039544 from doing one thing for eight hours. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00215-00039544-00039790 I can do something for, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00216-00039790-00039874 you know 30, 40 minutes, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00217-00039874-00039957 two hours +YrA7pOYgSNu-00218-00039957-00040049 and then do something else. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00219-00040049-00040241 And every day is a little bit different. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00220-00040241-00040471 So it, so it makes the days interesting. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00221-00040471-00040697 And this is what I like about it. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00222-00040697-00040832 - And that's really cool. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00223-00040832-00041117 What is something that you would, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00224-00041117-00041354 tell someone going into your field? +YrA7pOYgSNu-00225-00041354-00041519 Maybe some advice +YrA7pOYgSNu-00226-00041610-00041742 - A little bit of advice for this. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00227-00041742-00042110 If, if you've got aviation in your blood you know it +YrA7pOYgSNu-00228-00042110-00042336 you need to spend some time around the airport, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00229-00042336-00042636 I would suggest maybe a smaller airport +YrA7pOYgSNu-00230-00042636-00042815 or a larger airport go out +YrA7pOYgSNu-00231-00042815-00042995 and then you'll meet the people. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00232-00042995-00043240 Most of the people at the airport are very friendly. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00233-00043240-00043323 They want to talk +YrA7pOYgSNu-00234-00043323-00043466 and tell about their stories +YrA7pOYgSNu-00235-00043466-00043659 and tell you about their airport, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00236-00043659-00043766 no matter who you are. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00237-00043766-00043881 If you want to come out to the airport +YrA7pOYgSNu-00238-00043881-00043975 people will talk to you +YrA7pOYgSNu-00239-00043975-00044134 and tell you their stories. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00240-00044134-00044263 So I think I support, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00241-00044263-00044483 that they spend a little time at an airport. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00242-00044483-00044613 To get to see what happens +YrA7pOYgSNu-00243-00044613-00044913 during the daily routine at the airport. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00244-00044913-00045022 And if you want to fly +YrA7pOYgSNu-00245-00045022-00045193 you need to take your introductory flight there. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00246-00045193-00045476 So all the local schools though +YrA7pOYgSNu-00247-00045476-00045624 that did flight instruction +YrA7pOYgSNu-00248-00045624-00045964 they have an introductory flat for $50. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00249-00045964-00046056 You can take the fly +YrA7pOYgSNu-00250-00046056-00046244 and fly around in an airplane. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00251-00046244-00046382 See if it's your cup of tea. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00252-00046382-00046475 You may think it is. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00253-00046475-00046558 And it might not be. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00254-00046558-00046774 So before you invest a lot of money +YrA7pOYgSNu-00255-00046774-00046904 and take your lessons, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00256-00046904-00047104 you need you how it tastes of it. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00257-00047104-00047330 So it's not just, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00258-00047330-00047605 yeah I would say spend some time at the airport +YrA7pOYgSNu-00259-00047605-00047712 and get to know somebody +YrA7pOYgSNu-00260-00047712-00047934 and I bet you you've met somebody in your life +YrA7pOYgSNu-00261-00047934-00048017 that flies +YrA7pOYgSNu-00262-00048017-00048100 or extended, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00263-00048100-00048209 so , +YrA7pOYgSNu-00264-00048209-00048334 that'd be the best thing. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00265-00048452-00048736 - So in order to be an airport manager +YrA7pOYgSNu-00266-00048736-00049090 did you have to get your pilots license +YrA7pOYgSNu-00267-00049090-00049173 - At that! +YrA7pOYgSNu-00268-00049173-00049311 That's not essential. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00269-00049311-00049508 It helps to know a little bit about aviation +YrA7pOYgSNu-00270-00049508-00049732 and I do have my pilot license +YrA7pOYgSNu-00271-00049732-00049846 I got it. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00272-00049846-00049983 I think within, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00273-00049983-00050180 probably within a year of graduating from college, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00274-00050180-00050431 I got a single engine airplane license. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00275-00050431-00050733 And, but I said, it's not essential. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00276-00050733-00050999 If, if you want to manage an airport +YrA7pOYgSNu-00277-00050999-00051201 it's mostly about managing aviation +YrA7pOYgSNu-00278-00051201-00051365 and having the license. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00279-00051365-00051448 It's not important, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00280-00051448-00051655 but it's but it asks your knowledge +YrA7pOYgSNu-00281-00051655-00052007 and it helps you take care of the problems +YrA7pOYgSNu-00282-00052007-00052110 that the Polish out better. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00283-00052110-00052250 If you have that in the background. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00284-00052250-00052641 So, but also have a commercial hot air balloon. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00285-00052641-00052852 Last is a phone commercial Hunter balloons +YrA7pOYgSNu-00286-00052937-00053148 did rise for passengers. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00287-00053148-00053241 And so, you know +YrA7pOYgSNu-00288-00053241-00053425 just having, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00289-00053425-00053521 having been in the air, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00290-00053521-00053699 having spent time in the airspace +YrA7pOYgSNu-00291-00053699-00053865 to see what the pilots go through. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00292-00053865-00054073 And it's, it's very helpful, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00293-00054073-00054263 especially when you're talking to the pilots +YrA7pOYgSNu-00294-00054263-00054469 that come into your area. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00295-00054469-00054552 - So, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00296-00054552-00054696 can you walk us through, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00297-00054696-00054948 what getting your license is like? +YrA7pOYgSNu-00298-00054948-00055271 - Yeah, it's, it's a process that takes +YrA7pOYgSNu-00299-00055271-00055487 you know, depending on the weather, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00300-00055487-00055679 everything you know is weather dependent. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00301-00055679-00055769 You want to fly, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00302-00055769-00055866 start flying. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00303-00055866-00056012 The weather is very good. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00304-00056012-00056124 You don't win slow. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00305-00056124-00056242 You want wins +YrA7pOYgSNu-00306-00056242-00056326 you know not choppy +YrA7pOYgSNu-00307-00056326-00056437 or Gusty, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00308-00056567-00056651 clouds in the air. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00309-00056651-00056866 You want clear pretty day. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00310-00056866-00056971 but you have to have, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00311-00056971-00057240 40 hours of flight inside an airplane within +YrA7pOYgSNu-00312-00057240-00057344 and I think 25 of +YrA7pOYgSNu-00313-00057344-00057600 that has to be with an instructor. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00314-00057600-00057930 So you have to have a certified flight instructor +YrA7pOYgSNu-00315-00057930-00058119 to help you to teach you how to fly. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00316-00058119-00058340 And then once you get to a certain number of hours, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00317-00058340-00058424 you will solo. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00318-00058424-00058647 You will take the plane out by yourself. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00319-00058647-00058966 So I think I soloed after about four or five hours. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00320-00058966-00059160 And then the instructor pop +YrA7pOYgSNu-00321-00059160-00059364 will fly with you several times +YrA7pOYgSNu-00322-00059364-00059624 and you have several other things you have to do. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00323-00059624-00059829 You have to have cross-country flights +YrA7pOYgSNu-00324-00059829-00059912 a hundred miles +YrA7pOYgSNu-00325-00059912-00060002 or more. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00326-00060002-00060308 You have to have so many hours of not flying. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00327-00060308-00060496 You have to have so many touchy gauche +YrA7pOYgSNu-00328-00060496-00060579 which is landing +YrA7pOYgSNu-00329-00060579-00060727 and take off. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00330-00060727-00060996 You need to build time in the airplane +YrA7pOYgSNu-00331-00060996-00061170 and get comfortable with it. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00332-00061170-00061313 Once you have that, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00333-00061313-00061587 I think it's a minimum of 40 hours in the airplane +YrA7pOYgSNu-00334-00061587-00061774 then you can take a written test, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00335-00061774-00062205 which is administrated by the FAA system FAA tests +YrA7pOYgSNu-00336-00062205-00062439 and you have to pass it up +YrA7pOYgSNu-00337-00062439-00062616 and then after that you pass the test +YrA7pOYgSNu-00338-00062616-00062804 you have to take a proficiency check ride +YrA7pOYgSNu-00339-00062804-00062950 with an examiner. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00340-00062950-00063150 And you have to go to where the examiner is. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00341-00063150-00063324 I don't think there's one in our area. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00342-00063324-00063572 I think nearest one is in Tallahassee Florida +YrA7pOYgSNu-00343-00063572-00063862 and they put you through the gamut. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00344-00063862-00063976 They asked you a lot of questions, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00345-00063976-00064062 about flying, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00346-00064062-00064251 the airspace questions. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00347-00064251-00064491 They asked you questions about the machinery +YrA7pOYgSNu-00348-00064491-00064694 and the weather, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00349-00064694-00064847 everything associated with flight. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00350-00064847-00064994 Then you have to pass both those. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00351-00064994-00065210 So you have to passed a written test +YrA7pOYgSNu-00352-00065210-00065429 and a proficiency test to, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00353-00065429-00065555 to get your license. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00354-00065555-00065693 And then once you do that, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00355-00065693-00065777 you're issued your license +YrA7pOYgSNu-00356-00065777-00065896 and your license never expires. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00357-00065896-00066141 You'll have it for the rest of your life +YrA7pOYgSNu-00358-00066141-00066321 but you have to do certain things, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00359-00066321-00066470 to stay current in your airplane. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00360-00066470-00066563 There's some, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00361-00066563-00066710 if you you'll have a, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00362-00066710-00066933 once every two year by any old flat review, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00363-00066933-00067128 that you have to go up with, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00364-00067128-00067246 another structure. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00365-00067344-00067480 And he checks you out once every two years +YrA7pOYgSNu-00366-00067480-00067606 to make sure that you can fly. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00367-00067606-00067886 And you also have to have a medical certificate +YrA7pOYgSNu-00368-00067886-00068177 which means that you have to be physically fit +YrA7pOYgSNu-00369-00068177-00068268 and able +YrA7pOYgSNu-00370-00068268-00068463 and not a health risk +YrA7pOYgSNu-00371-00068463-00068546 or to fly. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00372-00068546-00068648 So, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00373-00068648-00068789 several things you have to have there. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00374-00068789-00068872 And, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00375-00069168-00069261 it's probably going to end up, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00376-00069261-00069400 I think, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00377-00069400-00069635 the cost for a total ride everything gets from, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00378-00069635-00069909 5.5 and $7,000 right now. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00379-00069909-00070088 That you'd have to invest to, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00380-00070088-00070171 to make it work. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00381-00070281-00070433 - Wow, that's really cool. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00382-00070433-00070516 um, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00383-00070516-00070835 I'd like to end with saying that +YrA7pOYgSNu-00384-00070835-00070960 or asking you, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00385-00070960-00071242 what is your single most, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00386-00071242-00071353 exhilarating +YrA7pOYgSNu-00387-00071353-00071584 or best memory as a, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00388-00071584-00071842 an airport manager? +YrA7pOYgSNu-00389-00071842-00071941 - Let's see here. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00390-00071941-00072091 I think probably the best +YrA7pOYgSNu-00391-00072091-00072247 and, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00392-00072247-00072430 the most fun thing that happens, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00393-00072430-00072552 We just have a fly in. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00394-00072692-00072775 [ Indistinct ] +YrA7pOYgSNu-00395-00072775-00072858 once a year, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00396-00072858-00072941 we have done a couple of years, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00397-00072941-00073193 but once a year we invite people in the area. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00398-00073193-00073444 We sent out invitations to fly in on a certain date +YrA7pOYgSNu-00399-00073444-00073580 We usually have Saturday, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00400-00073580-00073821 and we have vendors here stackable, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00401-00073821-00073971 harvest day we have here in town, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00402-00073971-00074103 but we have it at the airport +YrA7pOYgSNu-00403-00074103-00074263 and we, we call it fly in. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00404-00074263-00074463 So people fly in from all over the area +YrA7pOYgSNu-00405-00074463-00074785 and you can get 50 to a hundred planes there +YrA7pOYgSNu-00406-00074785-00074889 at one time +YrA7pOYgSNu-00407-00074889-00075023 and they park on the grass +YrA7pOYgSNu-00408-00075023-00075285 and it's just really cool to have a park +YrA7pOYgSNu-00409-00075285-00075413 and there are planes you never see. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00410-00075413-00075598 And you haven't seen the long time +YrA7pOYgSNu-00411-00075598-00075777 friends come over with their airplanes +YrA7pOYgSNu-00412-00075777-00075983 and you have the public can come out +YrA7pOYgSNu-00413-00075983-00076066 and walk around +YrA7pOYgSNu-00414-00076066-00076149 and test airplane +YrA7pOYgSNu-00415-00076149-00076232 see the airplanes, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00416-00076232-00076436 and you'll maybe even get a flight. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00417-00076436-00076658 We normally have a helicopter company there +YrA7pOYgSNu-00418-00076658-00076811 to give them rides. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00419-00076811-00076894 And, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00420-00076894-00077000 so just the thought, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00421-00077000-00077215 of putting all that together it's, +YrA7pOYgSNu-00422-00077215-00077421 it's time assuming it's a massive effort +YrA7pOYgSNu-00423-00077421-00077552 but seeing it come off +YrA7pOYgSNu-00424-00077552-00077798 and see everybody there having fun. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00425-00077897-00077997 [Indistinct] +YrA7pOYgSNu-00426-00078175-00078415 it's so exhilarating feeling once it's all over. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00427-00078541-00078719 - Well, thank you so much +YrA7pOYgSNu-00428-00078719-00078918 for explaining your job +YrA7pOYgSNu-00429-00078918-00079287 and everything that you have to do in it. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00430-00079287-00079370 - Well, thank you very much. +YrA7pOYgSNu-00431-00079370-00079544 I appreciate you having me here today. +YsT3_Hci94k-00000-00000014-00000613 Did Zambia ministers related to finance and economy Dr Bwalya Ngandu and Christopher Bwalya +YsT3_Hci94k-00001-00000613-00000808 Yaluma made you richer or poorer in 2018? +YsT3_Hci94k-00002-00000808-00000959 Before we begin subscribe and click the bell icon so you don't miss new videos where I +YsT3_Hci94k-00003-00000959-00001059 will analyze how your other politicians perform. +YsT3_Hci94k-00004-00001059-00001478 In this video we will analyze only the single most important metric to determine how successful +YsT3_Hci94k-00005-00001478-00001757 ministers were in particular year. +YsT3_Hci94k-00006-00001757-00002451 No B.S. fancy talk, just perfectly real and honest statistic where you can't hide anything. +YsT3_Hci94k-00007-00002451-00002855 Here's the deal: Most important metric for economy is: GDP +YsT3_Hci94k-00008-00002855-00003157 per capita based on PPP. +YsT3_Hci94k-00009-00003157-00003870 It's gross domestic product converted to international dollars using purchasing power parity rates +YsT3_Hci94k-00010-00003870-00004182 and divided by total population. +YsT3_Hci94k-00011-00004182-00004469 Here is the nice definition. +YsT3_Hci94k-00012-00004469-00004998 Basically it's number that tells you how much stuff can average citizen buy with wage he +YsT3_Hci94k-00013-00004998-00005198 gets every month. +YsT3_Hci94k-00014-00005198-00005742 In countries with higher numbers citizens live great and buy bunch of new things every +YsT3_Hci94k-00015-00005742-00005875 month. +YsT3_Hci94k-00016-00005875-00006454 In countries with low numbers citizens live bad and scrape every month to buy food and +YsT3_Hci94k-00017-00006454-00006934 pay living expenses, just to survive. +YsT3_Hci94k-00018-00006934-00007558 If you are from Zambia comment below how much could you afford in 2018 and were you satisfied +YsT3_Hci94k-00019-00007558-00007667 with that? +YsT3_Hci94k-00020-00007667-00008215 Can't wait to see how satisfied with your purchasing power you were. +YsT3_Hci94k-00021-00008215-00008600 Now: Our data source will be IMF's GDP per capita +YsT3_Hci94k-00022-00008600-00008830 based on PPP rankings report. +YsT3_Hci94k-00023-00008830-00009188 IMF stands for international monetary fund. +YsT3_Hci94k-00024-00009188-00009625 We'll analyze 2 main factors. +YsT3_Hci94k-00025-00009625-00010264 Position, in 2018 GDP per capita based on PPP rankings and change in rankings. +YsT3_Hci94k-00026-00010264-00010854 If country is positioned high in the rankings like those countries here and improved a lot +YsT3_Hci94k-00027-00010854-00011535 then economy related ministers are doing Phenomenal job, which is the best it can get. +YsT3_Hci94k-00028-00011535-00012054 If country is positioned high and didn't drop rankings then economy related ministers are +YsT3_Hci94k-00029-00012054-00012424 doing Excellent, Great or Good job. +YsT3_Hci94k-00030-00012424-00013171 If country is positioned low like those countries here and didn't drop rankings then economy +YsT3_Hci94k-00031-00013171-00013684 related ministers are doing Fair or Mediocre job. +YsT3_Hci94k-00032-00013684-00014379 Now ff country is positioned high and it dropped rankings then economy related ministers are +YsT3_Hci94k-00033-00014379-00014883 doing Poor, Bad or Awful job. +YsT3_Hci94k-00034-00014883-00015495 If country is positioned low and it dropped rankings then economy related ministers are +YsT3_Hci94k-00035-00015495-00015904 doing Abysmal job, which is the worst it can get. +YsT3_Hci94k-00036-00015904-00016004 Is that clear? +YsT3_Hci94k-00037-00016004-00016222 And now are you ready? +YsT3_Hci94k-00038-00016222-00017125 Zambia ministers related to economy Dr Bwalya Ngandu and Christopher Bwalya Yaluma in 2018 +YsT3_Hci94k-00039-00017125-00017673 performed, drumroll: ABYSMAL. +YsT3_Hci94k-00040-00017673-00018695 Their score was -882 and they ranked 179th among all economy related ministers. +YsT3_Hci94k-00041-00018695-00020590 Zambia was ranked 146th in 2017 which is very low and in 2018 they dropped 1 place to 147th +YsT3_Hci94k-00042-00020590-00021351 place. +YsT3_Hci94k-00043-00021351-00022051 So as you can see it's ABYSMAL job, your ministers are making you poorer. +YsT3_Hci94k-00044-00022051-00022617 And while we are here I just want to apologize if Dr Bwalya Ngandu and Christopher Bwalya +YsT3_Hci94k-00045-00022617-00023359 Yaluma were not ministers in 2018 because sometimes it's hard to find data from the +YsT3_Hci94k-00046-00023359-00023465 past. +YsT3_Hci94k-00047-00023465-00024062 This is just in case because I tried my best and I think the names are right. +YsT3_Hci94k-00048-00024062-00024765 If you now want to see how leader of Zambia president Edgar Lungu did perform in 2018 +YsT3_Hci94k-00049-00024765-00025006 click the link in top right corner. +YsT3_Hci94k-00050-00025006-00025120 And that's not all... +YsT3_Hci94k-00051-00025120-00025675 Let's see few ministers related to economy that performed the best so you can see how +YsT3_Hci94k-00052-00025675-00026027 Phenomenal performance looks like. +YsT3_Hci94k-00053-00026027-00026214 Here is the top of the rankings. +YsT3_Hci94k-00054-00026214-00027031 Ranked number 1 were ministers from Taiwan Su Jain-rong and Shen Jong-chin. +YsT3_Hci94k-00055-00027031-00027687 They did phenomenal job, and Taiwan recorded jump of 3 places in the rankings. +YsT3_Hci94k-00056-00027687-00028387 Ranked number 2 were ministers from Spain María Jesús Montero and Nadia Calviño. +YsT3_Hci94k-00057-00028387-00030147 Phenomenal job, Spain also jumped 3 places in the rankings. +YsT3_Hci94k-00058-00030147-00030700 Ranked number 3 were ministers from China Liu Kun and Zhong Shan. +YsT3_Hci94k-00059-00030700-00031283 And although China ranks little bit lower than Taiwan and Spain, in 2018 they leaped +YsT3_Hci94k-00060-00031283-00031554 4 places from 81st to 77th. +YsT3_Hci94k-00061-00031554-00032078 Now, before you go and watch next video: Remember to subscribe and click bell icon +YsT3_Hci94k-00062-00032078-00032247 so you don't miss new 2019. +YsT3_Hci94k-00063-00032247-00032347 rankings. +YsT3_Hci94k-00064-00032347-00033261 I will analyze 2019 performance as soon as new IMF ratings become available. +YsT3_Hci94k-00065-00033261-00033315 Bye +YthsqLANCHk-00000-00000052-00000118 Ash: He's in the Bathroom.. +YthsqLANCHk-00001-00000118-00000204 *Laughing* +YthsqLANCHk-00002-00000246-00000344 Alex: Jake/ Pry* Come out of the bathroom! +YthsqLANCHk-00003-00000438-00000544 Jake/Pry: uh...No... +YthsqLANCHk-00004-00000598-00000696 Alex: YOUNGBOI +YthsqLANCHk-00005-00000722-00000792 Jake/Pry: nOoOoooO!!! +YthsqLANCHk-00006-00000808-00000919 Alex: COME OUT OF THAT BATHROOM! +YthsqLANCHk-00007-00000944-00001040 jAKE: hbhcyh YOU CANT MAKE ME +YthsqLANCHk-00008-00001074-00001138 Alex: COME OUT OF THAT BATHROOM OR RIGHT- +YthsqLANCHk-00009-00001172-00001252 Alex: THIS IS YOUR FATHER +YthsqLANCHk-00010-00001252-00001304 Alex: SPEAKING1 +YthsqLANCHk-00011-00001304-00001406 Alex: and you will RSEPECT MY- +YthsqLANCHk-00012-00001406-00001456 *ALEX GETS DOOR SLAMMED +YthsqLANCHk-00013-00001456-00001590 *JAKE GETS MEGA KICKED AND THAT HOW HE DIED* +Yw1OnuKakHu-00000-00000000-00000316 What is for you, the goal of stories ? +Yw1OnuKakHu-00001-00000468-00000522 Survival. +Yw1OnuKakHu-00002-00000720-00000966 Survival and of course, +Yw1OnuKakHu-00003-00000966-00001278 I mean it is to me, +Yw1OnuKakHu-00004-00001278-00001655 it is creating meaning in life. +Yw1OnuKakHu-00005-00001655-00001907 And it's not that I'm convinced +Yw1OnuKakHu-00006-00001907-00002106 that there's not meaning. +Yw1OnuKakHu-00007-00002106-00002604 I don't know if meaning exists +Yw1OnuKakHu-00008-00002604-00002820 in advance or if we +Yw1OnuKakHu-00009-00002898-00003138 create it out of nothing. +Yw1OnuKakHu-00010-00003288-00003546 That would be a little bit like asking +Yw1OnuKakHu-00011-00003606-00003882 about the chicken... the hen and the egg. +Yw1OnuKakHu-00012-00003882-00004110 What comes first ? +Yw1OnuKakHu-00013-00004110-00004272 But it's not that +Yw1OnuKakHu-00014-00004272-00004392 I think that it's... +Yw1OnuKakHu-00015-00004470-00004722 the universe is necessarily +Yw1OnuKakHu-00016-00004722-00004860 without meaning. +Yw1OnuKakHu-00017-00004860-00005088 But i believe that +Yw1OnuKakHu-00018-00005088-00005622 that stories, it's kind of how we breathe +Yw1OnuKakHu-00019-00005682-00005862 how humans breathe. +Yw1OnuKakHu-00020-00005862-00006132 So it's like we swim in stories +Yw1OnuKakHu-00021-00006132-00006402 we breathe stories, stories are all around us. +Yw1OnuKakHu-00022-00006762-00007014 And it's a way of, yeah, +Yw1OnuKakHu-00023-00007080-00007284 creating meaning. +Yw1OnuKakHu-00024-00007284-00007745 I think it is, but it is also maybe +Yw1OnuKakHu-00025-00007745-00007998 about creating hope or creating challenge +Yw1OnuKakHu-00026-00007998-00008070 or creating +Yw1OnuKakHu-00027-00008322-00008514 provocation, so it's not like... +Yw1OnuKakHu-00028-00008700-00008796 Yeah this is really... +Yw1OnuKakHu-00029-00008796-00009132 This may be really in concrete. +Yw1OnuKakHu-00030-00009192-00009522 It's just like I feel that we are stories. +Yw1OnuKakHu-00031-00009522-00009726 That's what constitutes us +Yw1OnuKakHu-00032-00009726-00009918 as human beings. +YzdjJLSVaVA-00000-00000000-00001500 Pedestal, Seat +Y_Sooh8FEuI-00001-00000050-00000289 Please Like and Subscribe +Y_Sooh8FEuI-00002-00000289-00000495 Share this Video +YB0dDvHYI9y-00000-00000340-00000516 Hello you rolling raptors. +YB0dDvHYI9y-00001-00000536-00000880 I'm Tim from Ghent, Belgium and during my very frist ride +YB0dDvHYI9y-00002-00000880-00001223 with the Powerslide Next Burgundy Grey 90, I thought: +YB0dDvHYI9y-00003-00001293-00001716 I'm feeling so much at ease in these skates that I wanna go stair riding! +YB0dDvHYI9y-00004-00001809-00002226 And to raise the stakes, I chose a staircase that turns to my weak side. +YB0dDvHYI9y-00005-00002330-00002656 Riding it with my right foot in front was kind of gnarly. +YB0dDvHYI9y-00006-00002819-00003046 I felt very much out of balance. +YB0dDvHYI9y-00007-00003183-00003409 My weight distribution was a mess. +YB0dDvHYI9y-00008-00003463-00003873 I almost fell on those hard steps, which I absolutely wanted to avoid. +YB0dDvHYI9y-00009-00003903-00004243 So I tried riding that staircase with my left foot in front. +YB0dDvHYI9y-00010-00004263-00004463 That would go so much better. +YB0dDvHYI9y-00011-00004506-00004643 Except it didn't. +YB0dDvHYI9y-00012-00006083-00006350 That was not a very elegant landing. +YB0dDvHYI9y-00013-00006390-00006819 I paid for my clumsiness with pain and humilation. +YB0dDvHYI9y-00014-00006953-00007423 To immediately restore my confidence, I rode the staircase at the other side of the river. +YB0dDvHYI9y-00015-00007443-00007730 The one turning to the right, my strong side. +YB0dDvHYI9y-00016-00007946-00008130 Okay, I still had in me. +YB0dDvHYI9y-00017-00008180-00008586 I could still claim the title of Rider of Stairs. +YB0dDvHYI9y-00018-00008780-00009013 Here's a closer look of how my feet move. +YB0dDvHYI9y-00019-00009393-00009713 I find that view very fascinating, don't you? +YB0dDvHYI9y-00020-00010359-00010569 Enough confidence restored. +YB0dDvHYI9y-00021-00010616-00010946 I still wanted to ride that other staircase. +YB0dDvHYI9y-00022-00010973-00011230 Therefore, I used a cheat code. +YB0dDvHYI9y-00023-00011230-00011476 I tried riding it backwards. +YB0dDvHYI9y-00024-00011730-00011896 Cheating is easy. +YB0dDvHYI9y-00025-00011896-00012433 It's humilating as hell, but it saves you a lot of pain. +YB0dDvHYI9y-00026-00017683-00018119 Maybe I should shorten this clip for higher viewer retention stats on YouTube. +YB0dDvHYI9y-00027-00018330-00018490 But I say bollocks to that. +YB0dDvHYI9y-00028-00018613-00019023 I did enjoy that backwards flow, and you're gonna have to enjoy it too. +YB0dDvHYI9y-00029-00019106-00019640 Or else the Inline Wheels of Wrath will grind you down. +YB0dDvHYI9y-00030-00021416-00021490 That's it. +YB0dDvHYI9y-00031-00021509-00021613 Thanks for watching. +YB0dDvHYI9y-00032-00021636-00021909 If you liked this vdeo, then like it. +YB0dDvHYI9y-00033-00021943-00022586 And if you wanna see more of my clumsiness, hit that subscribe button as soon as possible. +YB0dDvHYI9y-00034-00022623-00022853 Take care and keep rolling. +YB0dDvHYI9y-00035-00022893-00022943 Bye. +YBLEandJmrI-00000-00000000-00000110 Rusia venció sin problemas a Arabia Saudita New video +YBYwwR4X8EI-00000-00000109-00000508 We hear a lot about different software platforms that will make +YBYwwR4X8EI-00001-00000508-00000877 your business easier or about how we need to put automation +YBYwwR4X8EI-00002-00000877-00000998 into our business. +YBYwwR4X8EI-00003-00000998-00001276 But is it essential for your small business? +YBYwwR4X8EI-00004-00001276-00001525 How do you know what platforms are best? +YBYwwR4X8EI-00005-00001525-00001886 The simple answer is that you must develop a strategy that +YBYwwR4X8EI-00006-00001886-00002067 will work for your business. +YBYwwR4X8EI-00007-00002067-00002173 In this video, +YBYwwR4X8EI-00008-00002173-00002731 we'll discover four main reasons every small business needs an automation +YBYwwR4X8EI-00009-00002731-00002925 strategy. By the end of it, +YBYwwR4X8EI-00010-00002925-00003395 you'll understand why automation is so important and how it can +YBYwwR4X8EI-00011-00003395-00003579 help your business grow. +YBYwwR4X8EI-00012-00003579-00003846 Let's get started right after this. +YBYwwR4X8EI-00013-00003846-00003986 Hi, I'm Doug Barra, +YBYwwR4X8EI-00014-00003986-00004173 and I'm a business coach. +YBYwwR4X8EI-00015-00004173-00004563 I'm here to talk to you about why every small business +YBYwwR4X8EI-00016-00004563-00004793 needs an automation strategy. +YBYwwR4X8EI-00017-00004793-00005076 Now, before I get into the reasons why, +YBYwwR4X8EI-00018-00005076-00005208 let me introduce myself. +YBYwwR4X8EI-00019-00005263-00005600 I've been working with the owners of small businesses for over +YBYwwR4X8EI-00020-00005600-00005684 16 years, +YBYwwR4X8EI-00021-00005684-00005800 and during that time, +YBYwwR4X8EI-00022-00005819-00006164 I've learned a lot about what it takes for them to +YBYwwR4X8EI-00023-00006164-00006236 be successful. +YBYwwR4X8EI-00024-00006286-00006636 One of the most important things I've learned is that automation +YBYwwR4X8EI-00025-00006641-00006723 is vital. +YBYwwR4X8EI-00026-00006822-00007192 I'm so excited to talk to you today about why every +YBYwwR4X8EI-00027-00007192-00007404 small business needs an automation strategy. +YBYwwR4X8EI-00028-00007487-00007648 Before I explain why, +YBYwwR4X8EI-00029-00007698-00007934 let me just restate the main topic. +YBYwwR4X8EI-00030-00007934-00008296 Every small business needs an automation strategy. +YBYwwR4X8EI-00031-00008296-00008664 Reason number one: Automation can help you save time. +YBYwwR4X8EI-00032-00008664-00008975 You can automate many tasks in your business, +YBYwwR4X8EI-00033-00008975-00009082 and by doing so, +YBYwwR4X8EI-00034-00009082-00009426 you'll free up more time to focus on the things that +YBYwwR4X8EI-00035-00009426-00009516 matter most. +YBYwwR4X8EI-00036-00009516-00009925 Reason number two: Automation can help you make more money. +YBYwwR4X8EI-00037-00009925-00010392 Automating specific tasks in your business can help you save money; +YBYwwR4X8EI-00038-00010429-00010511 by doing so, +YBYwwR4X8EI-00039-00010511-00010912 you'll have more money for yourself and to reinvest back in +YBYwwR4X8EI-00040-00010912-00011019 your business. +YBYwwR4X8EI-00041-00011019-00011330 Automation can help you scale your business. +YBYwwR4X8EI-00042-00011330-00011494 As your business grows, +YBYwwR4X8EI-00043-00011494-00011887 you'll need to start automating more tasks to keep up with +YBYwwR4X8EI-00044-00011887-00012363 demand. Reason number four: Automation can help you stay organized. +YBYwwR4X8EI-00045-00012363-00012715 When you automate specific tasks in your business, +YBYwwR4X8EI-00046-00012715-00013100 it helps to keep everything organized and streamlined. +YBYwwR4X8EI-00047-00013127-00013431 This makes it easier for you to find what you need +YBYwwR4X8EI-00048-00013431-00013537 when you need it, +YBYwwR4X8EI-00049-00013537-00013871 and it also makes it easier for your customers to find +YBYwwR4X8EI-00050-00013871-00014219 what they're looking for on your website or your store. +YBYwwR4X8EI-00051-00014219-00014349 So there you have it! +YBYwwR4X8EI-00052-00014349-00014788 Four reasons why every small business needs an automation strategy. +YBYwwR4X8EI-00053-00014788-00015115 Automation is the way to go if you're looking to take +YBYwwR4X8EI-00054-00015115-00015319 your business to the next level! +YBYwwR4X8EI-00055-00015387-00015799 Tell us in the comments below what you think about automation +YBYwwR4X8EI-00056-00015799-00016065 and how it can help your small business. +YBYwwR4X8EI-00057-00016065-00016275 Let's all help each other grow! +YBYwwR4X8EI-00058-00016275-00016695 Would you like to learn more about automating your business or +YBYwwR4X8EI-00059-00016695-00017009 top other topics regarding business success? +YBYwwR4X8EI-00060-00017009-00017098 Yeah! Great! +YBYwwR4X8EI-00061-00017098-00017396 Then there are a few things that you need to do +YBYwwR4X8EI-00062-00017396-00017469 right now. +YBYwwR4X8EI-00063-00017469-00017630 First, like this video, +YBYwwR4X8EI-00064-00017630-00017816 so I know that you got value, +YBYwwR4X8EI-00065-00017816-00018077 and I'll make more videos like this one. +YBYwwR4X8EI-00066-00018077-00018464 Second, subscribe to this channel and click the bell to get +YBYwwR4X8EI-00067-00018464-00018828 notified whenever you post a new video so that you don't +YBYwwR4X8EI-00068-00018828-00019208 miss a single piece of the valuable information we share. +YBYwwR4X8EI-00069-00019208-00019271 And last, +YBYwwR4X8EI-00070-00019271-00019651 click the link in the description to register for the next +YBYwwR4X8EI-00071-00019651-00020038 live web class we hold on Thursdays and unearth the secrets +YBYwwR4X8EI-00072-00020038-00020212 to scaling your business! +YBYwwR4X8EI-00073-00020259-00020826 This is a tremendous opportunity to go even deeper into these +YBYwwR4X8EI-00074-00020826-00021615 ideas! You can also register by going to www.BusinessSuccess.group/scalinglive. +YBYwwR4X8EI-00075-00021615-00022105 That's www.BusinessSuccess.group/scalinglive. +YBYwwR4X8EI-00076-00022105-00022249 I'm Doug Barra, +YBYwwR4X8EI-00077-00022249-00022772 and I'm passionate about small businesses succeeding. +YBYwwR4X8EI-00078-00022772-00022994 Thank you for watching. +YBYwwR4X8EI-00079-00022994-00023272 I'll see you in our next video. +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00000-00000000-00000386 Today's special guest is... (I started up fashion brand called as RAHA KENYA) +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00001-00000405-00000666 Not only one?! (Excuse me!!) +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00002-00000756-00000876 Viewer present?? +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00003-00001242-00001390 Hey guys!! I am Nanchan from Chaloborthers. +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00004-00001400-00001732 Today, we have special guest. +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00005-00001742-00002096 I'm Rie Kawano from Kenya +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00006-00002096-00002166 Nice to meet you. +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00007-00002174-00002356 I am now in Mumbai +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00008-00003942-00004144 What do you do in Kenya? +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00009-00004144-00004236 In Kenya, +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00010-00004236-00004286 well,, +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00011-00004352-00004936 Last Dec, I started up fashion brand called as RAHA KENYA, which is using African cloth. +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00012-00004952-00005240 And I am representative of this company. +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00013-00005366-00005416 Like, +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00014-00005640-00006064 In Kenya, there are a lots of African clothes, +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00015-00006074-00006218 such as this piercing +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00016-00006374-00006430 So cute. +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00017-00006506-00006562 A lots !! +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00018-00006562-00006728 Can I show a lots of products? +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00019-00006728-00006916 Look, look, a lots of pirecing. +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00020-00007059-00007316 African clothes are +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00021-00007386-00007586 flashy and vivid like this, +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00022-00007626-00008018 I want to provide such African clothes and that is why I started. +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00023-00008064-00008264 I am making product by African clothes +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00024-00008264-00008464 and selling these to Japanese people. +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00025-00008534-00008770 These are made in Kenya +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00026-00008770-00008960 Every products are made in Kenya. +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00027-00008960-00009028 Kenyan craftsman +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00028-00009058-00009146 Wonderful.. +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00029-00009226-00009362 It's cute, isn't it? +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00030-00009364-00009942 These products cannot be quite obtained in Japan, right? +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00031-00009942-00010050 Yes, ture. +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00032-00010060-00010276 And, if there is, you know, +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00033-00010302-00010646 many Japanese feel these are too fashy for me. +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00034-00010734-00010820 But, +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00035-00010948-00011166 If trying such products, +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00036-00011226-00011642 everyone feel happy or good. +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00037-00011706-00012156 So, I want everyone to express yourself by putting on our products. +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00038-00012156-00012286 That is why I made it. +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00039-00012368-00012568 What does RAHA KENYA mean? +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00040-00012602-00012902 RAHA means Be happy in Swahili +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00041-00012940-00013284 I hope everyone gets happy by putting on our products. +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00042-00013312-00013424 Well, excuse me. +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00043-00013558-00013608 Ha ha, +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00044-00013691-00013804 Somebody comes. +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00045-00013886-00014156 Hello, I am Kambe from Attars +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00046-00014346-00014450 Attars comes!! +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00047-00014774-00015024 Look, it is very good!! +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00048-00015156-00015228 What is it? +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00049-00015269-00015630 This is new products form RAHA KENYA. +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00050-00015696-00015791 New product!! +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00051-00015816-00015980 I can open it like this. +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00052-00016028-00016100 Like this. +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00053-00016118-00016340 lining is nice as well. +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00054-00016340-00016490 This is also mede by African clothes. +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00055-00016510-00016592 This one. +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00056-00016624-00017034 This is made by very cool girls by sewing. +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00057-00017052-00017386 There is also original logo. +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00058-00017694-00017872 Then, your shirts. +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00059-00018106-00018258 This is Africa shirts. +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00060-00018698-00018802 Hey, are you ok? +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00061-00018802-00018976 Your posture is strange +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00062-00019010-00019060 Funny. +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00063-00019060-00019450 To this shirts, I include meaning that we will lead Africa. +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00064-00019486-00019662 Putting big "Africa" logo +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00065-00019698-00019962 White words on red is nice. +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00066-00020064-00020170 Is it zebra? +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00067-00020228-00020700 This is made by great technology of Kenya craftsman. +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00068-00020700-00020994 Look at, even if each clothes are different, it was sewn to be same pattern . +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00069-00020994-00021194 Is this made by Kenyan people? +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00070-00021198-00021344 Yes it is. +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00071-00021344-00022078 I very carefully instructed craftsman to maintain position of pattern. +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00072-00022150-00022246 Wow.. +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00073-00022270-00022360 I did the best. +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00074-00022360-00022842 I am not sure whether you know "I met crazy man", +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00075-00022848-00023070 and he has this shirts. +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00076-00023116-00023180 Yes, yes. +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00077-00023188-00023292 Mr Tsubowa has. +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00078-00023292-00023432 Yes, this Mr Tsubowa. +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00079-00023432-00023684 The person who knows knows him +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00080-00023792-00023860 Well, +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00081-00023860-00024308 This shirts was limited sale and within one and half hours, sold out. +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00082-00024316-00024366 I see. +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00083-00024378-00024694 We will start to make this after August. +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00084-00024816-00024872 You can. +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00085-00024940-00025240 This is made in Kenya and you instruct how to make all, right? +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00086-00025254-00025326 Yes I do. +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00087-00025326-00025676 I can't speak English well but somehow I am doing the best. +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00088-00025676-00025933 Thanks to wearing is, my boddyb becomes lighter +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00089-00025960-00026139 and walking speed becomes faster. +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00090-00026150-00026238 Are you sure? +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00091-00026368-00026510 It is information from RAHA KENYA. +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00092-00026510-00026814 Pop up store of RAHA KENYA will come soon, wihch is first time for us. +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00093-00026814-00026888 Coming to Japan. +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00094-00026888-00026983 Yes!! +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00095-00026983-00028016 On 29th June 2019, from 11:00 AM to 4:00 PM at Lib Co., Ltd. in Shibuya +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00096-00028054-00028254 Please come. +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00097-00028320-00028544 If coming, Attars Sticker can be got, right? +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00098-00028544-00028594 Yes, +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00099-00028594-00029002 When, you say "I saw Attras or I met crazy man video", +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00100-00029002-00029332 you can get it first-come-first-served basis. +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00101-00029470-00029768 This is designed by Mr. Atsushi from Attars. +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00102-00029768-00029876 This is precious. +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00103-00030082-00030389 10 people on a first-come, first-served basis +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00104-00030512-00030732 Please come!! +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00105-00030814-00031242 The detail is written in summary column +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00106-00031442-00031522 Thank you!! +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00107-00031682-00032058 We are recruiting name of new Youtube channel by Ms. Rie. Yes, yes. +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00108-00032094-00032288 I will start Youtube. +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00109-00032288-00032592 I plan to publish first Video on end of June. +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00110-00032614-00033146 I will introduce and explain our products through the video. +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00111-00033158-00033214 I got it. +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00112-00033218-00033354 Anyway, she is cute. +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00113-00033354-00033422 You are right. +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00114-00033482-00033562 She is cute. +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00115-00033658-00034082 From beginning to end, I was grinning when looking her. +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00116-00034088-00034160 Thank you. +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00117-00034206-00034318 We get drunk now. +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00118-00034334-00034400 Haha. +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00119-00034468-00034994 Please visit pop up store of RAHA KENYA!! +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00120-00034994-00035334 We shall meet in Shibuya next!! +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00121-00035334-00035462 Let's go!! +YD1TPrJuy-Q-00122-00035468-00035562 Bye bye! +YEscDX6Mq70-00000-00000608-00001096 Welcome back for the people who have watched the first video of the ultimate member +YEscDX6Mq70-00001-00001304-00001800 this is the second video for the Ultimate Member Plugin +YEscDX6Mq70-00002-00001800-00002592 if you would like to watch the first video you will find the link in the description of this +YEscDX6Mq70-00003-00002592-00003352 video the Ultimate Member Plugin is a number one user profile and membership plugin for wordpress +YEscDX6Mq70-00004-00003847-00004912 in this video, I will be showing you about the forms and how to edit your default registration +YEscDX6Mq70-00005-00004912-00006024 and profile form template, and also how to add and set up for different users and user roles +YEscDX6Mq70-00006-00006344-00006623 just the facts let's get down to the video +YEscDX6Mq70-00007-00006856-00007831 welcome to video number two here we are inside of our wordpress website and +YEscDX6Mq70-00008-00007976-00008816 inside of the ultimate member if you need to watch how to set up the ultimate number +YEscDX6Mq70-00009-00008816-00009408 through the settings you will find video number one located in the description of this video +YEscDX6Mq70-00010-00009600-00010640 this is your dashboard and you can move your boxes around to wherever you would like to to see them +YEscDX6Mq70-00011-00010976-00011880 get a user cache and you can clear your cache at any time you can also purge temporary files +YEscDX6Mq70-00012-00012200-00012472 and this is your users overview +YEscDX6Mq70-00013-00012680-00013096 here it says i have 205 users 23 approved zero +YEscDX6Mq70-00014-00013096-00013560 rejected pending review awaiting email confirmation or inactive +YEscDX6Mq70-00015-00013968-00014952 the next place that you want to go to is to your user roles and this is the most important part +YEscDX6Mq70-00016-00015280-00016032 you will see here you have a number of different user roles the best thing for you to do +YEscDX6Mq70-00017-00016032-00016664 is to create a new user role in which you are going to be using with your membership +YEscDX6Mq70-00018-00016768-00016984 so you would tap on add new +YEscDX6Mq70-00019-00017272-00018384 now this is the easiest way that I found so say we're going to use the new subscriber +YEscDX6Mq70-00020-00019176-00019840 this is important because if they can access the wp mn which means they can create posts +YEscDX6Mq70-00021-00019840-00020736 and they can create their profile so I am going to click yes force hiding the admin to the front end +YEscDX6Mq70-00022-00021032-00021528 in the front end and I am not going to hide it +YEscDX6Mq70-00023-00022160-00022936 if you choose the circle with the question mark this will answer your most important question +YEscDX6Mq70-00024-00022936-00023472 this option if you need to hide the admin bar on the front end for this role and we +YEscDX6Mq70-00025-00023472-00024352 don't need to hide this because we are giving them wordpress admin this is if you choose to do this +YEscDX6Mq70-00026-00024712-00025224 can edit other members accounts and of course you don't want your new subscribers to edit +YEscDX6Mq70-00027-00025224-00025752 other members accounts can delete other members accounts can edit their own profile +YEscDX6Mq70-00028-00025872-00026392 can delete their own profile can view other members profiles +YEscDX6Mq70-00029-00026495-00027104 and here you can choose the other members of the profile that you would like to see +YEscDX6Mq70-00030-00027239-00027600 that they can view so you would just choose the ones that you want +YEscDX6Mq70-00031-00027768-00028416 can make their profile private that would be up to you and view and access files +YEscDX6Mq70-00032-00028576-00029216 you can view the default home page this is also up to you this is your home page +YEscDX6Mq70-00033-00029464-00030232 on that they would be able to look at through your admin and the registration status +YEscDX6Mq70-00034-00030552-00031024 you have auto approved require email activation require an admin to review +YEscDX6Mq70-00035-00031088-00031552 and this is also up to you if you choose to require email activation +YEscDX6Mq70-00036-00031752-00032383 a login using after validating the activation link and here you can show a custom message +YEscDX6Mq70-00037-00032648-00033232 you can also have a url redirect after email activation and this is +YEscDX6Mq70-00038-00033472-00034056 maybe or some other information that you would like to use an action to be +YEscDX6Mq70-00039-00034056-00034728 taken after login redirect to profile this here is your choice redirect to another url +YEscDX6Mq70-00040-00034808-00035208 refresh active page redirect to wordpress admin +YEscDX6Mq70-00041-00035552-00036408 if you choose redirect to the wordpress admin this will automatically sign them in to their admin and +YEscDX6Mq70-00042-00036520-00037120 i find that if you redirect to a profile sometimes people don't know what to do so i'm going to do +YEscDX6Mq70-00043-00037120-00037760 redirect to the wordpress admin and action to be taken after log out you can go to your home page +YEscDX6Mq70-00044-00037968-00038336 or you can go to a custom url just go to your home page +YEscDX6Mq70-00045-00038536-00039264 and actions to be taken after account is deleted go to home page or go to a custom +YEscDX6Mq70-00046-00039264-00039768 url so you see you have an opportunity to send people to different urls as well +YEscDX6Mq70-00047-00039944-00040784 this is what you call your word press capabilities what are you allowing them to do so here +YEscDX6Mq70-00048-00041136-00041704 you would look through each one of these and decide do you want these people who +YEscDX6Mq70-00049-00041704-00042352 are signing into your website able to do things and these are the different actions +YEscDX6Mq70-00050-00042808-00043584 edit posts edit others others post no you don't want them to edit others posts publish posts +YEscDX6Mq70-00051-00043872-00044320 read and here you want to give them a level +YEscDX6Mq70-00052-00044688-00045152 edit others pages edit publish pages publish pages delete pages +YEscDX6Mq70-00053-00045960-00046512 edit private posts read private posts and you can go through all of these different +YEscDX6Mq70-00054-00046624-00047096 options that you have right here you don't want people in your website doing things +YEscDX6Mq70-00055-00047240-00048144 that only an admin should be able to do and if you are allowing people to add +YEscDX6Mq70-00056-00048144-00049184 products and use the woocommerce then you can choose any one of these boxes here +YEscDX6Mq70-00057-00049816-00050584 so what we have is edit posts publish posts and read +YEscDX6Mq70-00058-00051448-00052064 you can also allow to upload files and manage categories +YEscDX6Mq70-00059-00052384-00052488 and then when you are done +YEscDX6Mq70-00060-00052704-00053055 you would give your role a priority number so i'm giving +YEscDX6Mq70-00061-00053055-00053344 number seven and then you would create your role +YEscDX6Mq70-00062-00053640-00054144 so this is the role of a new subscriber as an example +YEscDX6Mq70-00063-00054648-00055400 now you want to make sure that after you have done this you go into your settings into your general +YEscDX6Mq70-00064-00055640-00055912 and here you will see your site title +YEscDX6Mq70-00065-00055912-00057040 your tagline your email address and here where it says membership this is very important you +YEscDX6Mq70-00066-00057040-00057679 have to check anyone can register and then you will choose your role that you created +YEscDX6Mq70-00067-00058104-00058424 which would be right there the new subscriber +YEscDX6Mq70-00068-00058608-00059120 and then when you are done you will then just click on save changes +YEscDX6Mq70-00069-00059424-00059984 so now that you you have people are able to post +YEscDX6Mq70-00070-00060112-00060567 so you want to go in from the links +YEscDX6Mq70-00071-00061128-00061784 and you want to make sure that you have this post name selected +YEscDX6Mq70-00072-00062352-00062536 and then you would then save your +YEscDX6Mq70-00073-00062536-00063840 changes so now you have created your user roles you've made sure that people can register for +YEscDX6Mq70-00074-00063920-00064584 uh it can become a member of your blog here you will see this is what +YEscDX6Mq70-00075-00064840-00065656 your profile picture will look like and this is the size of your cover profile +YEscDX6Mq70-00076-00065872-00065984 next +YEscDX6Mq70-00077-00066216-00066280 we are going to +YEscDX6Mq70-00078-00066672-00066904 so when you go back in your +YEscDX6Mq70-00079-00067344-00067456 your ultimate number +YEscDX6Mq70-00080-00068288-00069032 into your forms here you will notice you have three default forms you have a registration +YEscDX6Mq70-00081-00069032-00069632 a login and a profile we are going to check out all three and then +YEscDX6Mq70-00082-00069904-00070856 we are going as a test so first we're going to look in the registration just click on edit +YEscDX6Mq70-00083-00071456-00072296 and here you these are the boxes that were at were added when you just see your registration +YEscDX6Mq70-00084-00072296-00072880 form you may not have any boxes there you may just have username or email and pass +YEscDX6Mq70-00085-00072968-00073816 password so this is the registration form the next form is the profile form +YEscDX6Mq70-00086-00074296-00075000 so this is very easy to register username first name email and password the profile form +YEscDX6Mq70-00087-00075544-00075784 so your default profile form +YEscDX6Mq70-00088-00075944-00076560 and i'm just going to click on the in your default profile you want to click on your edit +YEscDX6Mq70-00089-00076896-00077472 now your profile form is not going to look like this this was created +YEscDX6Mq70-00090-00077832-00078584 by using the default profile form and adding different fields +YEscDX6Mq70-00091-00078896-00079544 so now that being said this profile here not to confuse you is this profile here +YEscDX6Mq70-00092-00079680-00080616 what you add in fields to your profile is what people will be filling out for their own profile +YEscDX6Mq70-00093-00080616-00081384 information is the one that i have created to show you the example of creating a profile form +YEscDX6Mq70-00094-00081600-00082784 so then you would then click on edit just like you are editing your default profile form +YEscDX6Mq70-00095-00083120-00084184 so this is what you will be looking at +YEscDX6Mq70-00096-00084544-00085584 make sure that you are in profile form when you are building this form +YEscDX6Mq70-00097-00086112-00086984 here is where you can determine how many lines if +YEscDX6Mq70-00098-00087384-00087992 you like just in the profile we are going to do an example of both +YEscDX6Mq70-00099-00088120-00088856 so i'm just going to add another master row to show you and this will be that example +YEscDX6Mq70-00100-00088920-00089784 and then add another mouse to row this will be this example +YEscDX6Mq70-00101-00090504-00090912 okay so now we've determined how many rows we want +YEscDX6Mq70-00102-00091112-00091656 now we can start adding our fields but we'll click on this plus +YEscDX6Mq70-00103-00092248-00092896 in which you can add your fields you can click on this plus to add your fields hold on +YEscDX6Mq70-00104-00092976-00094016 this will add another row this will allow you to edit your row and we will get into that +YEscDX6Mq70-00105-00094280-00094560 to show you you can edit your row +YEscDX6Mq70-00106-00094560-00095384 settings +YEscDX6Mq70-00107-00095664-00096088 and here color by checking in +YEscDX6Mq70-00108-00096408-00097000 by clicking into the background color say i wanted it to be yellow +YEscDX6Mq70-00109-00097152-00097800 and the text color i am going to use black enable a rogue heading +YEscDX6Mq70-00110-00098072-00098184 and +YEscDX6Mq70-00111-00098440-00098648 the heading text will be +YEscDX6Mq70-00112-00099280-00099888 your info just as an example you can have a a heading background color +YEscDX6Mq70-00113-00099960-00100488 let's say we want to have that as red and of course i'm not going to be using this +YEscDX6Mq70-00114-00100488-00101344 this is just an example and the text color is black you can choose an icon +YEscDX6Mq70-00115-00101552-00102384 from 1219 available icons +YEscDX6Mq70-00116-00103304-00103416 and then choose finish +YEscDX6Mq70-00117-00103680-00105183 you can also choose the icon color +YEscDX6Mq70-00118-00106008-00106456 this is what you call padding and this is for more this is for when people are more experienced +YEscDX6Mq70-00119-00106520-00106848 in doing your editing and here you have a margin +YEscDX6Mq70-00120-00107080-00107448 so it's set at 30 pixels and you also have a border +YEscDX6Mq70-00121-00107448-00108176 if you want to change the border say i chose this or i put five and i believe this is right +YEscDX6Mq70-00122-00108911-00109159 and again this is for people who are more experienced +YEscDX6Mq70-00123-00109224-00109720 in doing the editing and you have a border radius +YEscDX6Mq70-00124-00110280-00110688 and say we have four in radius of five this is just an example +YEscDX6Mq70-00125-00110688-00111288 i don't normally use this and the border color will be +YEscDX6Mq70-00126-00111911-00112280 let's go with red so this is just an example and then i'm going to choose update +YEscDX6Mq70-00127-00112616-00113111 okay so now i've set my row and now i want to add +YEscDX6Mq70-00128-00113311-00113583 fields +YEscDX6Mq70-00129-00113848-00114304 or just click in the plus and here you will see all of your fields come up +YEscDX6Mq70-00130-00114904-00115535 and you can add a text box a number you can add a drop-down box i'll multi-select and +YEscDX6Mq70-00131-00115535-00116383 we will be going through each one of these so basically you want to have a username or email +YEscDX6Mq70-00132-00116928-00117783 and then you want to have +YEscDX6Mq70-00133-00118104-00118168 first name +YEscDX6Mq70-00134-00118432-00119240 so this is an example of using this box this type of rope here +YEscDX6Mq70-00135-00119480-00119816 and you can choose any one of these fields +YEscDX6Mq70-00136-00120016-00121152 in order for you to create the pros will be what other people see so you can have a website url +YEscDX6Mq70-00137-00121864-00123032 so as you can see i have three boxes here here is this two two boxes just simply by clicking +YEscDX6Mq70-00138-00123304-00124783 on these boxes here and this will now change from three to two to one +YEscDX6Mq70-00139-00125520-00126224 at any time you can add anything that you see in your field manager i'm just going to go over +YEscDX6Mq70-00140-00126224-00127583 the most important ones that you can add you can add a text box +YEscDX6Mq70-00141-00128800-00129424 so let's put a title in let's say the title is my +YEscDX6Mq70-00142-00129720-00130408 pet's name okay so my pet's name is the title you're going to create a +YEscDX6Mq70-00143-00130408-00130968 meta key and a meta key is is lowercase underscore +YEscDX6Mq70-00144-00131272-00131952 connected and this creates your your meta key and a label +YEscDX6Mq70-00145-00132664-00133288 you can create help text this is a clue okay so it's not +YEscDX6Mq70-00146-00133512-00134080 oscar you can create a default value and any +YEscDX6Mq70-00147-00134080-00134584 time you get stopped you just click into this circle with the check mark +YEscDX6Mq70-00148-00134704-00135080 and it will tell you this option allows you to pre-fill the field with a default +YEscDX6Mq70-00149-00135144-00136504 value prior to the user entering a value in the field leave bank to have leave blank to +YEscDX6Mq70-00150-00136504-00137440 have no default value okay and then you have the minimum length so let's say it is twenty +YEscDX6Mq70-00151-00137600-00138288 minimum number of characters to be inputted in this field oh the minimum number so the +YEscDX6Mq70-00152-00138288-00140432 minimum number let's say is three and the visibility placeholder this is the text +YEscDX6Mq70-00153-00141248-00141688 that appears within the field example please enter your email leave blank to +YEscDX6Mq70-00154-00141688-00142984 not show any placeholder text okay so no placeholder text privacy who can see it +YEscDX6Mq70-00155-00143112-00143808 and here you can use your drop down box only visible to profile owner and admin only visible to +YEscDX6Mq70-00156-00143808-00144640 profile owner specific roles only specific member roles or everyone and does it need to be validated +YEscDX6Mq70-00157-00145248-00146288 no none maximum late 20. is this field required no +YEscDX6Mq70-00158-00146416-00148584 can user edit this field yes and then choose your icon this is how you create a text field +YEscDX6Mq70-00159-00149176-00150272 you can search in the icons by typing in a word and if nothing comes up you can just choose +YEscDX6Mq70-00160-00151024-00151384 and then finish +YEscDX6Mq70-00161-00151616-00152072 and then choose add this is an example of a text +YEscDX6Mq70-00162-00152072-00152784 field +YEscDX6Mq70-00163-00154192-00154608 okay this is an example of a drop menu +YEscDX6Mq70-00164-00155008-00155584 so this is a drop down menu +YEscDX6Mq70-00165-00155688-00156400 and it is the same the same information you're going to do a title that say my pet's age +YEscDX6Mq70-00166-00156608-00157136 it's the same as your label so you're going to put your label +YEscDX6Mq70-00167-00157136-00158040 in here as the same and then your meta key and as you do this it becomes easier and +YEscDX6Mq70-00168-00158040-00158664 easier and here are your choices +YEscDX6Mq70-00169-00159072-00159824 you put one choice per line okay so two +YEscDX6Mq70-00170-00160032-00160472 three four five six +YEscDX6Mq70-00171-00160696-00161720 and view anywhere i'm sorry view everywhere choices call back and choose an icon and +YEscDX6Mq70-00172-00161720-00162736 choose add so this is your drop down menu your next example and add as many fields +YEscDX6Mq70-00173-00162736-00163424 as you would like but fields that you are adding are what people are filling out file +YEscDX6Mq70-00174-00163848-00163984 add a multi-select +YEscDX6Mq70-00175-00164312-00164488 or you could add a number +YEscDX6Mq70-00176-00164784-00165384 or you could add a number +YEscDX6Mq70-00177-00165656-00166336 actual pro forum profile form for this website i have the nickname +YEscDX6Mq70-00178-00166336-00166584 the website url i'm just going to pull up my +YEscDX6Mq70-00179-00166720-00167480 the links or urls for all social media that i keep in one place and i'm going to get my website url +YEscDX6Mq70-00180-00167720-00168184 in which i'm going to use +YEscDX6Mq70-00181-00168600-00168952 my medium url as a website just as an +YEscDX6Mq70-00182-00168952-00169584 example +YEscDX6Mq70-00183-00169808-00170984 and then youtube +YEscDX6Mq70-00184-00171672-00171712 facebook +YEscDX6Mq70-00185-00172280-00172384 twitter +YEscDX6Mq70-00186-00172816-00173080 and i don't know if if you are doing this but +YEscDX6Mq70-00187-00173144-00173784 it would be a good idea when you are in your social media platforms to start branding yourself +YEscDX6Mq70-00188-00173880-00174440 what your business name is so that you can create your online presence +YEscDX6Mq70-00189-00174752-00175184 linkedin +YEscDX6Mq70-00190-00175840-00176224 and then having all of your urls in one place +YEscDX6Mq70-00191-00176224-00176584 i'll leave the link in the description of the video that i created for that +YEscDX6Mq70-00192-00177280-00177984 they created from your business and a little bit of information about your business +YEscDX6Mq70-00193-00178040-00178840 having everything in one place really helps and then choose update your profile you scroll down +YEscDX6Mq70-00194-00179056-00179376 first of all you need to have your username and +YEscDX6Mq70-00195-00179376-00179744 your password whoops that was the wrong one i wanted my account +YEscDX6Mq70-00196-00180504-00180784 a lot of people don't know how to sign in +YEscDX6Mq70-00197-00182200-00182232 okay +YEscDX6Mq70-00198-00182512-00182784 so this is in my nickname here diy affiliate +YEscDX6Mq70-00199-00183040-00183888 i have my password so you want to go to the site item admin scroll down to see the meta site admin +YEscDX6Mq70-00200-00184848-00185352 and then this will take you into the site admin and you can also this is the +YEscDX6Mq70-00201-00185528-00186000 the front looking at right now okay but this is your dashboard +YEscDX6Mq70-00202-00186176-00186896 these are the things that you can do so here you can also add a new post +YEscDX6Mq70-00203-00187168-00187784 file tools or collapse the menu so we're just going to add a post +YEscDX6Mq70-00204-00187872-00188488 and what i would do would be to use a post that you've already created and just copy it +YEscDX6Mq70-00205-00188728-00188976 sometimes the internet is a little bit slower +YEscDX6Mq70-00206-00189128-00189800 this is right inside of the wordpress uh at the diy field affiliate +YEscDX6Mq70-00207-00190512-00190752 copy and paste something that you've already done +YEscDX6Mq70-00208-00191088-00191824 and here you can see i have yoast so it's stabilization and analysis is it needs improvement +YEscDX6Mq70-00209-00191824-00192320 so i'm not going to be working on that right now but this is your ability to be able to +YEscDX6Mq70-00210-00192472-00192712 to create a post and to optimize it +YEscDX6Mq70-00211-00192784-00193584 categories you can also add tags +YEscDX6Mq70-00212-00193768-00194320 you can add categories you can also search the categories you can add a new category +YEscDX6Mq70-00213-00194512-00195064 don't forget about your tags start typing in and you will see the information +YEscDX6Mq70-00214-00195296-00195400 propagating underneath +YEscDX6Mq70-00215-00195680-00195784 just add your tags +YEscDX6Mq70-00216-00196064-00196184 you can add an excerpt +YEscDX6Mq70-00217-00196768-00197152 when you're done you would then click publish this is just an example +YEscDX6Mq70-00218-00197336-00197584 and then if i go here to members +YEscDX6Mq70-00219-00199016-00199672 you will see yourself and even though this does look like me but this you will see your post +YEscDX6Mq70-00220-00199672-00200264 under recent posts here on this website so this will give you an opportunity to have your own +YEscDX6Mq70-00221-00200264-00201000 little niche or nook online that you can use and also be seen here on this website +YEscDX6Mq70-00222-00201344-00202056 great so just go back here you want to make sure that if you are not adding +YEscDX6Mq70-00223-00202160-00202816 the ultimate member pages into a into an already existing menu that you are creating +YEscDX6Mq70-00224-00202816-00203544 a new menu for it because the pages need to be seen so you would just choose create new menu +YEscDX6Mq70-00225-00203912-00204680 you can add the pages into an already existing menu and i have one here this menu was created +YEscDX6Mq70-00226-00204680-00205984 with the max makeup menu and i will leave the plugin in the description for you to find +YEscDX6Mq70-00227-00207336-00207544 so this is the menu that was created +YEscDX6Mq70-00228-00207776-00207984 and basically i have added all +YEscDX6Mq70-00229-00208376-00209119 of my simply by going into my pages finding all of my ultimate number +YEscDX6Mq70-00230-00209176-00209688 pages that i needed and adding it and i don't want to mess this menu up +YEscDX6Mq70-00231-00209976-00210344 but this is what this menu looks like and i will leave the link +YEscDX6Mq70-00232-00210400-00210888 in the description for you for the max menu you have your register you have your +YEscDX6Mq70-00233-00210888-00211784 login your members user account logout and password reset and it also will depend on +YEscDX6Mq70-00234-00211784-00212216 how many areas that you have where you can display your menu +YEscDX6Mq70-00235-00212560-00213216 this particular theme that i'm using has eight different areas in which you can display a menu +YEscDX6Mq70-00236-00213280-00213632 so this is a very good theme this is called member light theme +YEscDX6Mq70-00237-00214000-00214592 this would be the theme that you would be using in order to create your membership site +YEscDX6Mq70-00238-00214696-00214840 it's going to go into themes +YEscDX6Mq70-00239-00215319-00216312 i'm going to go into customize so i think i've covered i think i've covered everything +YEscDX6Mq70-00240-00216312-00216648 that you really need to know to create your membership site i am just going to +YEscDX6Mq70-00241-00216648-00217184 show you the theme i'll also leave the link in the description for the theme +YEscDX6Mq70-00242-00217464-00218584 and the internet seems to be running very slow as it's a sunday +YEscDX6Mq70-00243-00222160-00222784 anytime your computer freezes choose the reload you may lose information if you haven't saved it +YEscDX6Mq70-00244-00223536-00223736 so the active theme is called member +YEscDX6Mq70-00245-00223736-00224184 lite +YEscDX6Mq70-00246-00226048-00226984 so if you haven't registered yet then you can register by simply clicking into the register +YEscDX6Mq70-00247-00227400-00227536 filling in the information +YEscDX6Mq70-00248-00227744-00228704 activating the email and starting your account of course it'll tell me that i've already registered +YEscDX6Mq70-00249-00229304-00229992 so i look for a place where you can just make a post or a place where you can +YEscDX6Mq70-00250-00230352-00231144 connect with you then you can join this website and i can help you as a new beginner +YEscDX6Mq70-00251-00231144-00232096 to grow your online presence stay safe and have a wonderful evening +YJPzWecGM-0-00000-00000491-00000558 They said that +YJPzWecGM-0-00001-00000558-00000890 the journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step +YJPzWecGM-0-00002-00000890-00001200 my decision to come here on the Gold Coast +YJPzWecGM-0-00003-00001200-00001571 to study and work was really worthwhile. +YJPzWecGM-0-00004-00001571-00001884 When I first came here I realized how different the Gold Coast is, +YJPzWecGM-0-00005-00001884-00002191 and I said to myself I could live here forever +YJPzWecGM-0-00006-00002191-00002828 . I was ravished by the beauty of this Town. +YJPzWecGM-0-00007-00002828-00003076 Waking up to an early morning on the Gold coast is something magical, +YJPzWecGM-0-00008-00003076-00003379 the quietness from the hassle and basal of city life, +YJPzWecGM-0-00009-00003379-00003711 listening to the splashing of the waves and the whispering of the wind +YJPzWecGM-0-00010-00003711-00004094 as the waves spread onto the perfect velvet sand carpet +YJPzWecGM-0-00011-00004094-00004347 is breathtaking. +YJPzWecGM-0-00012-00004347-00004657 Even after an exhausted day at work,one look at that magical ocean, +YJPzWecGM-0-00013-00004657-00005006 gives you that energy and makes you feel like you just woke up. +YJPzWecGM-0-00014-00005006-00005333 Life here is different, +YJPzWecGM-0-00015-00005333-00005712 it slowly comes alive with people enjoying the sun, +YJPzWecGM-0-00016-00005712-00006062 giving that tropical illusion of freedom and the beauty of nature combined together. +YJPzWecGM-0-00017-00006062-00006419 The Gold Coast has endless attractions, +YJPzWecGM-0-00018-00006419-00006754 restaurants,brilliant beaches and dozens of theme parks.. +YJPzWecGM-0-00019-00006754-00007178 Walking on the Coast i like the fact that almost everywhere +YJPzWecGM-0-00020-00007178-00007422 you can see water canals. +YJPzWecGM-0-00021-00007422-00007750 You can meet a lot of people,tourists who come here +YJPzWecGM-0-00022-00007750-00008125 from all over the world.There also activities for everyone +YJPzWecGM-0-00023-00008125-00008619 like sports surfing,, ski-ing.The Gold Coast is a combination +YJPzWecGM-0-00024-00008619-00008970 of a city and a country town at the same time. +YJPzWecGM-0-00025-00008970-00009313 At night it's a different story,Buildings light up the Gold Coast +YJPzWecGM-0-00026-00009313-00009771 technology takes over,it becomes a city of neon lights +YJPzWecGM-0-00027-00009771-00010104 But as I look out into the night,listening +YJPzWecGM-0-00028-00010104-00010541 the echoing waves splash,reflections of the city lights +YJPzWecGM-0-00029-00010541-00010919 on the blacken ocean give shades of light grey and mirror images +YJPzWecGM-0-00030-00010919-00011276 of the sky light up,giving a mystical +YJPzWecGM-0-00031-00011276-00011605 feeling and thinking how lucky +YJPzWecGM-0-00032-00011605-00011763 I am to be here on the Gold Coast +YJPzWecGM-0-00033-00011763-00011981 that's what people want to be happy +YKFe6UTswuA-00000-00000000-00000400 I remember what you told me +YKFe6UTswuA-00001-00000420-00000700 said I wasn't made right +YLUkSUz_0Pg-00000-00000000-00000300 Hello, this is Ming-Na. +YLUkSUz_0Pg-00001-00000300-00000800 Every year, approximately 300 children under the age of 5 drown in swimming pools and spas. +YLUkSUz_0Pg-00002-00000800-00001200 Thousands more are hospitalized after close calls. +YLUkSUz_0Pg-00003-00001200-00001500 Every single one of these deaths and injuries is preventable. +YLUkSUz_0Pg-00004-00001500-00001950 Simple steps save lives +YLUkSUz_0Pg-00005-00001950-00002600 And not just one or two steps, but multiple ones must be taken at all times to ensure safety around pools and spas. +YLUkSUz_0Pg-00006-00002600-00002900 That’s what we mean by Pool Safely. +YLUkSUz_0Pg-00007-00002900-00003300 So always apply as many of the following simple steps as possible +YLUkSUz_0Pg-00008-00003300-00003700 because you never know which safety step will save a life... +YLUkSUz_0Pg-00009-00003700-00003900 until it does. +YMtdU_sjuLA-00000-00001064-00001440 There is a big gap between the Foundation's technical activities and what editors actually +YMtdU_sjuLA-00001-00001440-00001864 need. An easy way to solve this gap is to significantly increase staff resources to +YMtdU_sjuLA-00002-00001864-00002272 the community wishlist program.This has been working well over the years but it has not had +YMtdU_sjuLA-00003-00002272-00002776 the staff capacity to fix all the requests it receives. There is also a significant backlog +YMtdU_sjuLA-00004-00002776-00003176 of technical issues some of which date back to more than decade which should be fixed. +YMtdU_sjuLA-00005-00003272-00003560 Significant improvements could be made elsewhere as well. +YMtdU_sjuLA-00006-00003615-00004064 A flexible user interface that scales with screen sizes will significantly help those using smaller +YMtdU_sjuLA-00007-00004064-00004608 devices such as mobile phones for editing. This is particularly true for Global South communities. +YMtdU_sjuLA-00008-00004688-00005208 Sister projects also particularly need technical support. For example Wikisource has huge potential +YMtdU_sjuLA-00009-00005208-00005760 to transcribe both old texts in the public domain and newer freely licensed publications; however, +YMtdU_sjuLA-00010-00005760-00006216 Wikisource desperately needs significant technical work to modernize and streamline its editing +YMtdU_sjuLA-00011-00006216-00006792 process. We also need to make it easier to embed and edit media content on Wikipedia Commons +YMtdU_sjuLA-00012-00006792-00007184 to make our content more accessible to those who struggle to learn through reading text. +YMtdU_sjuLA-00013-00007616-00008424 I am not sure about that and I don't think this is the best question to be asked. Firstly, +YMtdU_sjuLA-00014-00008520-00009152 Wikimedia Foundation technical prioritization should not necessarily reflect editors wants +YMtdU_sjuLA-00015-00009152-00009920 and needs. There are technical challenges like technological debt or infrastructure scalability, +YMtdU_sjuLA-00016-00009920-00010400 which are very important, but far from a typical editor's wish list. +YMtdU_sjuLA-00017-00010640-00011400 Also we should cater for not only current editors but also for future editors and other users +YMtdU_sjuLA-00018-00011400-00012128 like readers. They have their needs and we should be meeting them possibly well. +YMtdU_sjuLA-00019-00012280-00012863 Think about multimedia user experience and tools facilitating the best content. +YMtdU_sjuLA-00020-00013063-00013519 Secondly, I believe that in general we are spending too little on tech. +YMtdU_sjuLA-00021-00013632-00014184 Wikipedia is a top independent website and its budget is nowhere near the giants of internet. +YMtdU_sjuLA-00022-00014304-00014904 Latest annual report claims 42 percent of the total expenses to be spent on the website; +YMtdU_sjuLA-00023-00015008-00015608 however, only a fraction of this is spent on actual development and our +YMtdU_sjuLA-00024-00015608-00016104 needs with Abstract Wikipedia and promised AI [Artificial Intelligence] usage are big. +YMtdU_sjuLA-00025-00016208-00016808 In the past the scope of an investment was pretty limited. I remember Wikimedia Czechia +YMtdU_sjuLA-00026-00016808-00017664 applying for funds for an android app or Wikimedia Commons because it couldn't be funded by the WMF +YMtdU_sjuLA-00027-00017664-00018584 directly. We need to invest much more in both strategic changes and in the community wish list. +YMtdU_sjuLA-00028-00018696-00019208 This is one of key priorities I would like to support so we remain relevant +YMtdU_sjuLA-00029-00019320-00019784 and we keep and expand our audiences and user base. +YMtdU_sjuLA-00030-00020120-00020656 As a volunteer myself working extensively on outreach with education, GLAM, libraries, +YMtdU_sjuLA-00031-00020656-00021344 collaborating with governmental institutions, working on medical projects, to efforts focusing +YMtdU_sjuLA-00032-00021344-00021992 on Wiki Womxn, the gender gap and other knowledge gaps and in recent years lots of Wikidata and +YMtdU_sjuLA-00033-00022048-00022656 also as an admin on Hebrew Wikipedia, I've been acutely aware of various technical +YMtdU_sjuLA-00034-00022712-00023528 needs of the community and the necessity to invest in technological infrastructure and tools +YMtdU_sjuLA-00035-00023528-00024104 to aid the manual work that volunteers have been doing as well as working with our partners. I +YMtdU_sjuLA-00036-00024104-00024552 believe there is a known gap in that respect between what the Wikimedia Foundation is currently +YMtdU_sjuLA-00037-00024552-00025216 doing and what the community needs which is why it was important for me to address it as a trustee +YMtdU_sjuLA-00038-00025216-00025680 and work from within to improve things. Besides Community Affairs Committee +YMtdU_sjuLA-00039-00025736-00026288 that i've been heavily involved in, one of my top priorities as a trustee has been a focus on our +YMtdU_sjuLA-00040-00026288-00026808 product and technology work. I've been a member of the product and technology board committee +YMtdU_sjuLA-00041-00026808-00027495 since its inception and I have worked with our staff on strategically thinking how we can improve +YMtdU_sjuLA-00042-00027600-00028200 both the services we offer to our users as well as the services we provide to our community. I +YMtdU_sjuLA-00043-00028200-00028783 was especially interested in how we can involve our community more in what is being done in help +YMtdU_sjuLA-00044-00028783-00029392 prioritizing and addressing needs in a consistent way that is part of the Wikimedia Foundation +YMtdU_sjuLA-00045-00029392-00029895 strategy for product and tech considering that we have such a talented dev[elopment] community +YMtdU_sjuLA-00046-00029895-00030464 with amazing innovative and creative volunteers. It so happens that on August +YMtdU_sjuLA-00047-00030464-00030752 1st a new CPTO [Chief Product and Technology Officer] joined the Wikimedia Foundation, +YMtdU_sjuLA-00048-00030824-00031480 so after years of divided departments the product department and the technology department, which +YMtdU_sjuLA-00049-00031480-00032152 together consists of the majority of Wikimedia Foundation employees, we now have an opportunity +YMtdU_sjuLA-00050-00032152-00032896 to reassess that structure, to reassess how we work and find ways to work more effectively, +YMtdU_sjuLA-00051-00032896-00033464 more efficiently, as well as to address more needs that came from the community. +YMtdU_sjuLA-00052-00033536-00034080 As I noted before I believe the Wikimedia Foundation cannot do everything but I do think +YMtdU_sjuLA-00053-00034080-00034536 that we can do much better with the existing manpower and talent that we currently have, +YMtdU_sjuLA-00054-00034616-00035072 and I hope that as we better define roles, responsibility and scope +YMtdU_sjuLA-00055-00035144-00035712 what the Wikimedia Foundation cannot do other stakeholders in the movement can own and address +YMtdU_sjuLA-00056-00035712-00036512 together with our community. So technical prioritization is a process that must rest +YMtdU_sjuLA-00057-00036512-00037304 upon what the community wants and needs, as well as our vision and priorities for 2030 and this +YMtdU_sjuLA-00058-00037304-00037984 process is a challenge that we are determined to see through and make sure we address. Thank you. +YMtdU_sjuLA-00059-00038288-00038888 Okay thank you. I really do like this actually but in my opinion no I don't think so and that's why +YMtdU_sjuLA-00060-00038888-00039512 I always encourage greater collaborations between editors and the Wikimedia Foundation as a whole. +YMtdU_sjuLA-00061-00039512-00040208 And I also encourage tools or on technological tools that are DEI [Diversity, Equity, Inclusion] +YMtdU_sjuLA-00062-00040208-00041016 centered that's diversity, equity and inclusion. And just like the Wikimedia Deutschland has done +YMtdU_sjuLA-00063-00041016-00041704 with Igbo Wikimedians User Group and the Wikimedia Indonesian User Group community tools development +YMtdU_sjuLA-00064-00041704-00042224 should be encouraged, as they are the ones who know what they need. So the community knows what +YMtdU_sjuLA-00065-00042224-00042768 they need to know where it's failing them and they know where it's going to - what is going to help +YMtdU_sjuLA-00066-00042768-00043496 them. So whatever they need to promote the mission as well as whatever tools that are centered on +YMtdU_sjuLA-00067-00043496-00044416 DEI should be something for the editors and the WMF to discuss and not just the WMF being the +YMtdU_sjuLA-00068-00044416-00045056 one to make decisions on whatever tools they feel the editors need or the community needs because +YMtdU_sjuLA-00069-00045056-00045640 we can't say that I one tool will fix it or it's not possible and we can't even say that once we've +YMtdU_sjuLA-00070-00045640-00046288 invented one tool or once we've brought up one tool that we are done because just like health we +YMtdU_sjuLA-00071-00046288-00046856 can say today I'm healthy and I'm done with health because tomorrow something else can one challenge +YMtdU_sjuLA-00072-00046856-00047384 or the other can come up. So in my opinion I would still encourage greater collaborations +YMtdU_sjuLA-00073-00047384-00048056 between editors and Wikimedia Foundation in tools development so that they will have tools that +YMtdU_sjuLA-00074-00048144-00048760 are exactly what they want and which satisfied and satisfy their needs. Thank you. +YMtdU_sjuLA-00075-00049040-00049536 The WMF's technical prioritization is out of sync with what editors want and need. I am +YMtdU_sjuLA-00076-00049536-00049952 specifically running for the Board because it has no relevant technical expertise for Wikimedia's +YMtdU_sjuLA-00077-00049952-00050480 unique requirements. How can the board perform oversight and sign off on complex technical +YMtdU_sjuLA-00078-00050480-00051064 projects without even understanding the projects themselves? As i've mentioned before, we need to +YMtdU_sjuLA-00079-00051064-00051584 move to a model of bottom-up prioritization where editors and staff on the ground are determining +YMtdU_sjuLA-00080-00051584-00052112 which projects and issues get resourced and prioritized. This is a shift that will take +YMtdU_sjuLA-00081-00052112-00052600 time to implement and it'll require work on the community's part to provide actionable feedback, +YMtdU_sjuLA-00082-00052600-00053032 but I believe it is the best solution to fix our technical prioritization in the long run. +YMtdU_sjuLA-00083-00053336-00053912 First of all let me start by saying that editors wants and needs are never ending and these wants +YMtdU_sjuLA-00084-00053912-00054448 and needs differ from one editor to the next and some of them could even be conflicting in nature. +YMtdU_sjuLA-00085-00054520-00055152 So the editors wants and needs are not a clearly defined monolith. That said the Wikimedia +YMtdU_sjuLA-00086-00055152-00055688 Foundation's approach to answering the editor's requests has not been consistent over the years. +YMtdU_sjuLA-00087-00055848-00056312 Whereas for years there appeared to be a disconnect between what people wanted and what +YMtdU_sjuLA-00088-00056312-00056912 the Foundation was focusing, on excellent effort has been put in the last few years to bridge that +YMtdU_sjuLA-00089-00056912-00057584 gap and to come to a better understanding of the various wants and needs of the different users. +YMtdU_sjuLA-00090-00057720-00058152 One way in which the Foundation is trying to better address the technical needs of users +YMtdU_sjuLA-00091-00058208-00058776 is the creation of the core experiences team. For not only are the needs of veteran editors +YMtdU_sjuLA-00092-00058776-00059336 important to consider, but also the features and tools needed to grow the editor base by attracting +YMtdU_sjuLA-00093-00059336-00059936 new talent. On the other hand the Foundation has found it difficult to implement some of the most +YMtdU_sjuLA-00094-00059936-00060512 sought after changes. For example, dark mode has been on the community wish list for a while +YMtdU_sjuLA-00095-00060512-00061136 and it's yet to be resolved. IP masking is another feature that the Foundation has been working to +YMtdU_sjuLA-00096-00061136-00061767 implement it has decided to keep the users in the loop and to continually get feedback from them, +YMtdU_sjuLA-00097-00061767-00062088 which is a very good strategy for aligning with the needs of the users. +YMtdU_sjuLA-00098-00062264-00062672 While listening to the community and deciding on the priorities of what technical changes +YMtdU_sjuLA-00099-00062672-00063216 to implement is certainly commendable, one must remember that the loudest voices do +YMtdU_sjuLA-00100-00063216-00063879 not necessarily always have the most important requests. In fact underrepresented communities +YMtdU_sjuLA-00101-00063879-00064455 such as people with disabilities or small language communities are disproportionately affected by not +YMtdU_sjuLA-00102-00064455-00065064 having their needs met this could be due to a lack of knowledge to the language barrier +YMtdU_sjuLA-00103-00065064-00065568 a difficulty in presenting the issue or to the lack of significance to the general population +YMtdU_sjuLA-00104-00065720-00066128 all in all I believe that the foundation is moving on the right track and catering +YMtdU_sjuLA-00105-00066128-00066688 to the needs of different stakeholders and should continue improving on its processes to prioritize +YMtdU_sjuLA-00106-00066688-00067384 the changes to help retain existing editors to gain new ones and to strive for knowledge equity. +YOhdCRj2fR0-00000-00005042-00005784 WE CARE +YOhdCRj2fR0-00001-00006495-00007184 For +YOhdCRj2fR0-00002-00014352-00015360 Your health, please like and subscribe to us and our ally Smart WarGod. +YPFenFmYM-I-00000-00000000-00000050 ski mask the slump god type beat +YPFenFmYM-I-00001-00000050-00000100 ski mask type beat +YPFenFmYM-I-00002-00000100-00000150 type beat ski mask the slump god +YPFenFmYM-I-00003-00000150-00000200 ski mask the slump god type beat 2022 +YPFenFmYM-I-00004-00000200-00000250 free ski mask the slump god type beat 2022 +YPFenFmYM-I-00005-00000250-00000300 free ski mask the slump god type beat +YPFenFmYM-I-00006-00000300-00000350 free ski mask type beat +YPFenFmYM-I-00007-00000350-00000550 Scarlet Painter +YT56oj16cLY-00000-00000366-00000990 Install FFmpeg (Offline Only) +YT56oj16cLY-00001-00001698-00001870 UnCheck Upload context menu +YT56oj16cLY-00002-00003126-00004828 Application settings -> Import Config +YT56oj16cLY-00003-00005486-00007436 Left Click (System Tray): Take Screen Shot +YT56oj16cLY-00005-00018692-00019070 Shortcut Key Config +YT56oj16cLY-00006-00019234-00019976 Alt + PrintScreen: Take Screen Shot +YT56oj16cLY-00007-00020576-00022230 Ctrl + Shift + Alt + S: Record Window +YU2yJZCfncQ-00000-00000024-00000736 within just minutes of you leaving those new links, with this caption on these with your +YU2yJZCfncQ-00001-00000736-00001400 mention quickly showing, it took only three minutes to get you to get three replies, with you on you. +YU2yJZCfncQ-00002-00001544-00002016 the result is a ton of new views happening on my video. +YU2yJZCfncQ-00003-00002016-00002512 and it didn't take long. while dash, can no longer be used you can still be used on nile +YU2yJZCfncQ-00004-00002512-00003096 red shorts, meaning isle ridge shorts has not fully died. it's still active. +YU2yJZCfncQ-00005-00003328-00004064 you see what happens now. there's a like on this one, and this all happened in just minutes. i could +YU2yJZCfncQ-00006-00004064-00004616 reload it, and you could see that the view count could update at any second, like it's +YU2yJZCfncQ-00007-00004616-00005232 sternly at 301, and let's see what happens after just 20 more minutes. now, i have until 11 pm, 8am. +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00000-00000000-00000261 Hello everybody how are you guys doing today +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00001-00000300-00000350 Uhm +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00002-00000383-00000511 Here I am playing +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00003-00000615-00000766 Wait, what is this game called? +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00004-00000766-00000966 Oh yeah Munching Masters +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00005-00001042-00001119 So basically +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00006-00001162-00001344 What Munching Masters is +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00007-00001344-00001544 Is basically, you eat stuff +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00008-00001562-00001695 like this guy over here +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00009-00001733-00001857 ...to become fat +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00010-00002079-00002345 and then you become slim +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00011-00002345-00002437 And then you eat +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00012-00002464-00002588 And then you become slim again +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00013-00002588-00002638 and then you eat +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00014-00002704-00002813 It's a never ending cycle +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00015-00002843-00002930 you know what i'm saying +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00016-00002936-00003119 I'll come back to you when im fatter +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00017-00003133-00003200 Okay guys +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00018-00003215-00003415 It looks like that I am actually at +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00019-00003462-00003512 My +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00020-00003521-00003688 max capacity which is just 10 +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00021-00003697-00003865 I know that this is super +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00022-00003894-00003954 Useless +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00023-00003991-00004155 But this music is super good tho +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00024-00004167-00004217 Listen to it +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00025-00004610-00004678 Isn't it good? +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00026-00004718-00004813 Thats what i'm saying +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00027-00004864-00004932 FAT REPORT +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00028-00004993-00005193 As you can see I have actually gotten fatter +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00029-00005324-00005524 and I also have a belly sticking out +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00030-00005546-00005652 Which is very cool +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00031-00005670-00005720 i think +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00032-00005736-00005794 and now +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00033-00005888-00005982 Watch me as I shrink +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00034-00006259-00006337 Fat report +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00035-00006380-00006580 I dont wan to do fat reports anymore +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00036-00006617-00006667 So... +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00037-00006684-00006884 I am going to leave this fat report stuff +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00038-00006939-00006989 BUT +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00039-00006993-00007193 Let me check in on the other people +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00040-00007200-00007285 If you know what I am saying +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00041-00007344-00007544 So this guy is eating a.... +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00042-00007620-00007734 Electrified pie +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00043-00007822-00008062 And yes electrified is a word I just invented it +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00044-00008188-00008263 INVENTED IT +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00045-00008338-00008388 yes +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00046-00008614-00008883 and this guy is eating the worlds biggest hotdog +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00047-00009140-00009289 WAIT WAIT WAIT WAIT NO NO NO NO NO +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00048-00009356-00009464 IM NOT A HOTDOG +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00049-00009493-00009693 DUDE DUDE DUDE IM NOT A HOTDOG +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00050-00009903-00010051 oh woah woah woah +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00051-00010058-00010204 Who'se this guy then? +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00052-00010262-00010390 Big Johno +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00053-00010534-00010661 Hey there pal, you hungry? +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00054-00010692-00010759 Yes I am +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00055-00010788-00010838 Very much +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00056-00011024-00011074 what? +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00057-00011200-00011319 you're not done eating yet +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00058-00011402-00011602 WELL WHAT WAS MY TASK I SAW THAT I HAD TO DO +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00059-00011605-00011735 SOMETHING with Big Johno +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00060-00011752-00011952 I actually had a toh tas oh no +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00061-00011979-00012204 I actually had a TASK Big Johno +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00062-00012307-00012469 You must be stuffed! Here's your reward +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00063-00012719-00012769 Ready for more? +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00064-00012773-00012848 Yes i am +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00065-00012888-00012938 NO +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00066-00013010-00013066 Please tellm +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00067-00013106-00013239 Ok, I think its said +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00068-00013353-00013476 Hit 50 times +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00069-00013487-00013644 Or maybe I just read that wrong +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00070-00013657-00013835 Ouu look how fat quickly I am getting +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00071-00013852-00013922 Look at me guys +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00072-00014138-00014235 you saw that right? +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00073-00014408-00014608 Yeees, keep eating +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00074-00014674-00014742 Yeeees +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00075-00014847-00014949 WAIT WAIT NO NO NO +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00076-00014969-00015044 NOT AGAIN +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00077-00015064-00015264 Oh no he ate me +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00078-00015404-00015604 AND he put me in the wheat field +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00079-00015634-00015808 Sometimes I dont even know what to say +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00080-00015851-00016051 LOOK HOW BIG I AM NOW!! +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00081-00016290-00016359 wanna fight wanna fight +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00082-00016455-00016505 How do I fight people? +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00083-00016560-00016760 I don't wanna fight him because he's just going to bite me +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00084-00016967-00017031 How do I fight then? +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00085-00017200-00017250 OH +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00086-00017421-00017531 Ohh ok +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00087-00017580-00017722 COME ON COME ON COME ON +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00088-00017764-00017814 FIGHT ME +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00089-00017850-00017900 fight me +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00090-00017928-00017978 fight me +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00091-00018000-00018050 fight me +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00092-00018053-00018103 fight me +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00093-00018103-00018153 fight me +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00094-00018174-00018224 fight me +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00095-00018242-00018292 fight me +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00096-00018363-00018413 fight me +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00097-00018432-00018632 OOOOH OOOH OUU OUUU OUUU OOUUUUU +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00098-00018698-00018748 OUUU +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00099-00018782-00018982 YES YES YES YES YES +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00100-00019005-00019055 YEEAAASSSSSSSS +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00101-00019527-00019577 thats right +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00102-00020320-00020370 bad +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00103-00020393-00020593 saying bad over and over again +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00104-00020681-00020881 IM So proud of myself guys omg!! +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00105-00020903-00021148 Anyways uhm I think that was that for thisvideo +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00106-00021213-00021263 uhm... +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00107-00021297-00021497 HAVE A NICE DAY BYE BYE EVERYBODY and... +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00108-00021623-00021724 make sure to eat +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00109-00021760-00021891 so you become like this guy +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00110-00021947-00022147 eat a lot of hot dogs okay?? +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00111-00022192-00022392 but that was that uhm uhm uhm wait i gotta... +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00112-00022581-00022781 ROBLOX +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00113-00022886-00023086 ROBLOX +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00114-00023153-00023353 ROBLOX +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00115-00023463-00023513 ROBLOX +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00116-00023654-00023913 but uhm, just bye bye and have a good day +YZ4OYiHMkIE-00117-00024359-00024559 aw i need a better outro +YaPWGBxxZ-0-00000-00000128-00000308 Adding and editing text. +YaPWGBxxZ-0-00001-00000440-00000790 In many places in Moodle where you can type in text, +YaPWGBxxZ-0-00002-00000791-00001000 you will see Moodle's purpose-built editor +YaPWGBxxZ-0-00003-00001000-00001361 known as Atto. We see it here in a topic +YaPWGBxxZ-0-00004-00001361-00001670 section summary. Many of the icons you'll +YaPWGBxxZ-0-00005-00001670-00001882 know from word processing or other +YaPWGBxxZ-0-00006-00001882-00002120 online programs but some may be +YaPWGBxxZ-0-00007-00002120-00002453 unfamiliar. The link icon allows you to +YaPWGBxxZ-0-00008-00002453-00002708 link text to an external website or an +YaPWGBxxZ-0-00009-00002708-00003020 uploaded file. For instance, if we +YaPWGBxxZ-0-00010-00003020-00003385 select the text BBC talk French and then +YaPWGBxxZ-0-00011-00003385-00003661 click the link, a pop-up appears allowing +YaPWGBxxZ-0-00012-00003661-00004048 us to paste in a URL or web address. The +YaPWGBxxZ-0-00013-00004048-00004264 text will change colour but note that the +YaPWGBxxZ-0-00014-00004264-00004610 link will only work once you've saved the changes. +YaPWGBxxZ-0-00015-00004648-00004892 The media icon here offers +YaPWGBxxZ-0-00016-00004892-00005105 many options for adding sound and video +YaPWGBxxZ-0-00017-00005105-00005429 along with thumbnail images and subtitles. +YaPWGBxxZ-0-00018-00005530-00005710 We explore adding media in a +YaPWGBxxZ-0-00019-00005710-00005826 later video. +YaPWGBxxZ-0-00020-00006310-00006628 The Atto editor allows you to drag and +YaPWGBxxZ-0-00021-00006628-00006895 drop images directly onto the textbox. +YaPWGBxxZ-0-00022-00006895-00007117 Something we look at in another video +YaPWGBxxZ-0-00023-00007117-00007515 and it automatically saves what you type +YaPWGBxxZ-0-00024-00007515-00007750 so if you have to leave it for a while +YaPWGBxxZ-0-00025-00007750-00007945 or you accidentally go on to a different +YaPWGBxxZ-0-00026-00007945-00008164 page or lose your connection, +YaPWGBxxZ-0-00027-00008164-00008458 you don't have to start again. +YaPWGBxxZ-0-00028-00008458-00008773 Two other useful icons are here: they +YaPWGBxxZ-0-00029-00008773-00008998 help ensure your text is designed well +YaPWGBxxZ-0-00030-00008998-00009229 to make it accessible for everyone on +YaPWGBxxZ-0-00031-00009229-00009475 all devices including people with +YaPWGBxxZ-0-00032-00009475-00009694 restricted sight who use screen readers. +YaPWGBxxZ-0-00033-00009694-00010015 If you really want to use different +YaPWGBxxZ-0-00034-00010015-00010243 colours and different font styles and you +YaPWGBxxZ-0-00035-00010243-00010504 know about design, you can change your +YaPWGBxxZ-0-00036-00010504-00010801 editor if your admin allows by going to +YaPWGBxxZ-0-00037-00010801-00011074 the user menu top right, clicking on +YaPWGBxxZ-0-00038-00011074-00011389 Preferences then editor preferences. +YaPWGBxxZ-0-00039-00011389-00011752 Technical people might choose plain text +YaPWGBxxZ-0-00040-00011752-00012124 if they want to add code, and TinyMCE is +YaPWGBxxZ-0-00041-00012124-00012328 an alternative editor which many people +YaPWGBxxZ-0-00042-00012328-00012637 know from other online software such as +YaPWGBxxZ-0-00043-00012637-00012945 blogging software. If we select it you can +YaPWGBxxZ-0-00044-00012945-00013269 see what it looks like, and again the +YaPWGBxxZ-0-00045-00013269-00013552 hamburger icon top-left allows you to +YaPWGBxxZ-0-00046-00013552-00013816 expand the toolbar for more options. +YaPWGBxxZ-0-00047-00013816-00014179 However, TinyMCE does not have the same +YaPWGBxxZ-0-00048-00014179-00014479 features as Atto and for that reason we +YaPWGBxxZ-0-00049-00014479-00014825 suggest you use Moodle's own editor Atto. +YcHpKJWWs5U-00000-00000494-00000961 I'm Cpl. Alexandra Guender. I'm an avionics technician, 6332. +YcHpKJWWs5U-00001-00000996-00001243 Avionics, you know, my part and I love it, and that's my job, +YcHpKJWWs5U-00002-00001244-00001562 but we're all a real integral part to the Harrier working. +YcHpKJWWs5U-00003-00001562-00002039 This Harrier, you know, and any jet for that matter wouldn't work without all these systems, +YcHpKJWWs5U-00004-00002039-00002220 and all of these systems go together to make a jet. +YcHpKJWWs5U-00005-00002250-00002520 It's just not one system or one shop, you know, +YcHpKJWWs5U-00006-00002532-00002862 powerline, airframes, avionics, C shop, ordinance, you know, +YcHpKJWWs5U-00007-00002862-00003092 even maintenance patrol, who don't necessarily touch the jet. +YcHpKJWWs5U-00008-00003092-00003415 We're all very important to making this jet fly safe for our pilots, +YcHpKJWWs5U-00009-00003415-00003747 safe for the communities and also to, you know, help us out +YcHpKJWWs5U-00010-00003747-00004136 when we're doing training events like this, or going overseas to try to help our ground units stay safe. +YcHpKJWWs5U-00011-00004136-00004476 We're all very integral parts of making sure that this Harrier works. +YeCWfCQPmgI-00000-00000000-00000200 Hello +YeCWfCQPmgI-00001-00000200-00000400 I'm kuritsumi. +YeCWfCQPmgI-00002-00000556-00000756 Today I'm opening a deluxe Beast Driver from +YeCWfCQPmgI-00003-00000756-00000956 Kamen Rider Wizard. +YeCWfCQPmgI-00004-00001052-00001476 Here is what the package looks like. +YeCWfCQPmgI-00005-00001476-00001766 And this is the back of the package. +YeCWfCQPmgI-00006-00001952-00002382 Here is what the inside looks like. +YeCWfCQPmgI-00007-00002446-00002664 This is a Beast Wizard Ring. +YeCWfCQPmgI-00008-00002934-00003134 Falcon Ring. +YeCWfCQPmgI-00009-00003134-00003326 Chameleon Ring. +YeCWfCQPmgI-00010-00003778-00004056 Let's transform!? +YeCWfCQPmgI-00011-00004098-00004514 I think this ring goes to this side? +YeCWfCQPmgI-00012-00004548-00004950 Maybe the other side. +YeCWfCQPmgI-00013-00005648-00005848 And give a twist! +YeCWfCQPmgI-00014-00009982-00010182 Chameleon! +YeCWfCQPmgI-00015-00011546-00011746 And a special attack. +YeCWfCQPmgI-00016-00012672-00013163 Alright, so I opened a Beast Driver today. +YeCWfCQPmgI-00017-00013241-00013656 The face of the golden lion is so shiny. +YeCWfCQPmgI-00018-00013656-00013912 Personally I like this design. +YeCWfCQPmgI-00019-00013912-00014104 It's cool, isn't it? +YeCWfCQPmgI-00020-00014502-00014702 I also liked twisting the rings. +YeCWfCQPmgI-00021-00014888-00015088 Well, that's it. (I got lazy. lol) +YlYlIhuPFdI-00000-00000000-00002346 Rasam Powder +YlYlIhuPFdI-00002-00007812-00008820 Dry Roast each ingredient separately, Cool down and Grind into a powder +YlYlIhuPFdI-00004-00017686-00019528 Dry roast Chillies +YlYlIhuPFdI-00006-00022728-00025134 Dry roast Jeera. +YlYlIhuPFdI-00008-00030010-00031136 Let this cool down and grind into a powder +YlYlIhuPFdI-00009-00031136-00031850 Now transfer the Rasam powder to a plate and cool down completely. Now store this in an air tight container +YlYlIhuPFdI-00010-00031850-00033492 So Rasam Powder is ready and try this recipe and enjoy awesome Rasam. Watch other Recipes. Post your comments and subscribe for more recipes. Click the Bell Icon to receive New video Notification. Thank you +00AZ_Qf6adA-00000-00000110-00000624 International experience is really an important part of my job accessing +00AZ_Qf6adA-00001-00000624-00000986 technologies from around the world and also learning how we can do a better job +00AZ_Qf6adA-00002-00000986-00001422 of designing our products to match the wide variety of environments that we +00AZ_Qf6adA-00003-00001422-00002018 encounter in many applications around the world basically we're looking +00AZ_Qf6adA-00004-00002018-00002450 for engineers that are bright or curious who are well founded in the basics which +00AZ_Qf6adA-00005-00002450-00003006 they can certainly get at Purdue and we count on Purdue delivery but also have +00AZ_Qf6adA-00006-00003006-00003587 the ability to work in teams to ability to communicate and as the topic of the +00AZ_Qf6adA-00007-00003587-00004121 conversation today goes along I really have international experience and the +00AZ_Qf6adA-00008-00004121-00004623 ability to value and engage people from different cultures from around the world +00AZ_Qf6adA-00009-00004623-00005144 a couple of things that have changed in engineering is we're certainly more +00AZ_Qf6adA-00010-00005144-00005778 international in scope we're more interdisciplinary in scope both of those +00AZ_Qf6adA-00011-00005778-00006203 require communication skills that are different than in the past people have +00AZ_Qf6adA-00012-00006203-00006645 to be able to accept ideas from other folks to understand the context that +00AZ_Qf6adA-00013-00006645-00007014 they're coming from one thing that has not changed about engineering is +00AZ_Qf6adA-00014-00007014-00007445 engineering is still a social exercise so we have to be able to work in teams +00AZ_Qf6adA-00015-00007445-00007820 we have to understand our customers so that we can deliver products to them +00AZ_Qf6adA-00016-00007820-00008507 that they can use very effectively will value in all their applications I think +00AZ_Qf6adA-00017-00008507-00008904 from in the context of international experience there are several things +00AZ_Qf6adA-00018-00008904-00009311 students can do one is just take a foreign language any foreign language it +00AZ_Qf6adA-00019-00009311-00009786 will expose them to different cultures it will also expose them to some of the +00AZ_Qf6adA-00020-00009786-00010196 issues other people have as they're trying to communicate with us in English +00AZ_Qf6adA-00021-00010196-00010628 so it develops that sensitivity and the ability to communicate people in their +00AZ_Qf6adA-00022-00010628-00011093 in their own language I think just getting out there taking the opportunity +00AZ_Qf6adA-00023-00011093-00011589 to travel abroad and taking opportunities that Purdue will offer for +00AZ_Qf6adA-00024-00011589-00011975 study abroad well one of those programs that they could take advantage obviously +00AZ_Qf6adA-00025-00011975-00012422 gear program in mechanical engineering that has connections with Carlsberg +00AZ_Qf6adA-00026-00012422-00013005 Germany with Shanghai and China and Mumbai and India so that students can go +00AZ_Qf6adA-00027-00013005-00013369 there to teach and to do projects and to meet students in those +00AZ_Qf6adA-00028-00013369-00013861 locations so anything that they can do to broaden their exposure even learning +00AZ_Qf6adA-00029-00013861-00014266 from international students at Purdue which is a wonderful environment to meet +00AZ_Qf6adA-00030-00014266-00014629 people from other countries and to really learn about their experiences and +00AZ_Qf6adA-00031-00014629-00015201 how they view life differently in their countries compared to the u.s. +01XcHBkiKzg-00000-00000356-00000702 hello and welcome to organic health revelations +01XcHBkiKzg-00001-00000702-00001151 I'm Robert Lee's and in this video we're going to cover 23 proven discoveries +01XcHBkiKzg-00002-00001151-00001773 turmeric acts as a phytochemical before we begin for those that aren't aware of +01XcHBkiKzg-00003-00001773-00002402 a phytochemical well they are chemicals found in plants that contain agents with +01XcHBkiKzg-00004-00002402-00003147 the purpose to grow slow or stop properties and in turmeric scenario it's +01XcHBkiKzg-00005-00003147-00004103 all about the health so here are 23 ways tumeric X as a photochemical anti +01XcHBkiKzg-00006-00004103-00004748 cytotoxic commonly produced chemical drug also known as antineoplastic s' +01XcHBkiKzg-00007-00004748-00005532 ahran treatments against cancer anti biotic a common benefit from turmeric +01XcHBkiKzg-00008-00005532-00006276 which inhibits the growth of microorganisms anti microbial an agent +01XcHBkiKzg-00009-00006276-00006945 which kills and stops the growth of microorganisms anti purulent fights +01XcHBkiKzg-00010-00006945-00007608 against discharge caused by wounds and infections antioxidant removing +01XcHBkiKzg-00011-00007608-00008411 oxidizing agents causing potential harm anti-amyloid o genic this tomb is used +01XcHBkiKzg-00012-00008411-00009110 for treatments in the fight against Alzheimer's disease insulin sensitizing +01XcHBkiKzg-00013-00009110-00009563 helping in to the improvement of sensitivity with peripheral tissue +01XcHBkiKzg-00014-00009563-00010425 decreasing insulin levels and ro jinuk the promotion of natural steroid hormone +01XcHBkiKzg-00015-00010425-00011313 and male development anti fibrotic an agent which reduces fibrosis Geno +01XcHBkiKzg-00016-00011313-00012110 protective protects your genes from carrying harmful conditions antifungal +01XcHBkiKzg-00017-00012110-00012585 kills common fungal growth anti-inflammatory one of the most +01XcHBkiKzg-00018-00012585-00013236 talked-about facts of turmeric benefits niro restorative this is why I call it a +01XcHBkiKzg-00019-00013236-00013568 godly vegetable as it assists with the renewal of brain +01XcHBkiKzg-00020-00013568-00014159 and spinal tissue metal chelating properties helps to bond important +01XcHBkiKzg-00021-00014159-00014725 middle was required for sustainability antiviral protection prevention +01XcHBkiKzg-00022-00014725-00015485 incumbents viral and fish station immuno jul 18 says and stimulates the immune +01XcHBkiKzg-00023-00015485-00016235 system anti catabolic prevention of the loss of muscle and being and muscle +01XcHBkiKzg-00024-00016235-00016865 being broken down anti-carcinogenic counteracting the effects of carcinogen +01XcHBkiKzg-00025-00016865-00017525 and carcinogenic entering the body antiproliferative restrains and +01XcHBkiKzg-00026-00017525-00018158 restricts the growth of Gemma's rino protective supports the adrenal system +01XcHBkiKzg-00027-00018158-00018898 protecting kidneys from harmful liquids and drugs anticoagulant prevent blood +01XcHBkiKzg-00028-00018898-00019553 clotting in a common natural blood thinner antiseptic fights against +01XcHBkiKzg-00029-00019553-00020273 infection to the skin increased metabolic function proven to help burn +01XcHBkiKzg-00030-00020273-00021062 cholesterol and fatty acids which cause a B City that's why I love to Merck let +01XcHBkiKzg-00031-00021062-00021551 list has been put together from verified clinical papers from a well researched +01XcHBkiKzg-00032-00021551-00021989 article I have on best online to miracle supplement reviews.com forward slash +01XcHBkiKzg-00033-00021989-00022541 latest research on turmeric where you can discover much more turmeric news +01XcHBkiKzg-00034-00022541-00023135 reviews and recipes and we do hope you enjoyed this information if you did we +01XcHBkiKzg-00035-00023135-00023741 love it when our videos receiver thumbs up or gain at health revelations YouTube +01XcHBkiKzg-00036-00023741-00024140 channel would love your support in our in need of a thousand subscribers to +01XcHBkiKzg-00037-00024140-00024662 really get rolling so if you love your health and one up to up-to-date hints +01XcHBkiKzg-00038-00024662-00025306 and tips and informative info please hit the subscribe button now +03YzI-8yCZI-00000-00000060-00001471 (Music) +03YzI-8yCZI-00001-00001471-00001895 The Recovery Month observance held each September celebrates +03YzI-8yCZI-00002-00001895-00002298 people in recovery, raises our awareness and understanding of +03YzI-8yCZI-00003-00002298-00002712 mental and substance use disorders, and recognizes those +03YzI-8yCZI-00004-00002712-00003016 who work in the field of behavioral health. +03YzI-8yCZI-00005-00003016-00003353 The journey of recovery is a shared experience. +03YzI-8yCZI-00006-00003353-00003670 Those struggling with mental and substance use disorders +03YzI-8yCZI-00007-00003670-00003903 share their stories with each other and +03YzI-8yCZI-00008-00003903-00004194 give each other encouragement. +03YzI-8yCZI-00009-00004194-00004424 The stories of recovery are the stories of +03YzI-8yCZI-00010-00004424-00004688 our family members, our friends, and +03YzI-8yCZI-00011-00004688-00005001 the people we meet every day in our communities. +03YzI-8yCZI-00012-00005001-00005382 As they succeed in living self-directed lives and +03YzI-8yCZI-00013-00005382-00005558 achieving their full potential, +03YzI-8yCZI-00014-00005558-00005982 we see the benefits of recovery not only for the individual, +03YzI-8yCZI-00015-00005982-00006373 but for their family, friends, and community. +03YzI-8yCZI-00016-00006373-00006683 As we hear their stories, we learn that while +03YzI-8yCZI-00017-00006683-00007030 the journey of recovery follows many different pathways, +03YzI-8yCZI-00018-00007030-00007427 progress on every one of those pathways depends on +03YzI-8yCZI-00019-00007427-00007931 relationships marked by care, support, and respect. +03YzI-8yCZI-00020-00007931-00008355 Prevention works, treatment is effective, and +03YzI-8yCZI-00021-00008355-00008752 people can - and do - recover from these conditions. +04BBRcPNNjE-00000-00000296-00000604 Childhood can be hard. +04BBRcPNNjE-00001-00000604-00000859 They say your experiences define you. +04BBRcPNNjE-00002-00000859-00001217 How will you let yours define you? +04BBRcPNNjE-00003-00001217-00001628 I am the teacher I wished had realized my lack of focus was because we couldn't afford +04BBRcPNNjE-00004-00001628-00001764 food. +04BBRcPNNjE-00005-00001764-00002248 I am the foster parent I wish had given me the safety of home when I lost mine. +04BBRcPNNjE-00006-00002248-00002702 I am the doctor I wish had asked about my bruises. +04BBRcPNNjE-00007-00002702-00003084 I am the school counselor I wish had been there when my mom's drug addiction took her +04BBRcPNNjE-00008-00003084-00003259 life. +04BBRcPNNjE-00009-00003259-00003779 I am the police officer I wish had seen my dad's manipulation for the abuse that it was. +04BBRcPNNjE-00010-00003779-00004262 62% of adults have experienced some form of childhood trauma. +04BBRcPNNjE-00011-00004262-00004917 This can lead to depression, anxiety, alcoholism, drug use, and premature death. +04BBRcPNNjE-00012-00004917-00005160 But it doesn't have to. +04BBRcPNNjE-00013-00005160-00005260 I am kind. +04BBRcPNNjE-00014-00005260-00005399 I am strong. +04BBRcPNNjE-00015-00005399-00005528 I am unique. +04BBRcPNNjE-00016-00005528-00005698 I am resilient. +04BBRcPNNjE-00017-00005698-00006164 I am these things because of my experiences, not in spite of them. +04BBRcPNNjE-00018-00006164-00006545 Now I am the person I needed when I was a child. +04BBRcPNNjE-00019-00006545-00006854 They say your experiences define you. +04BBRcPNNjE-00020-00006854-00007170 Be the person you needed when you were a child. +0669-cN2mWc-00000-00000187-00000389 You are a Master Running Coach. What does that mean? +0669-cN2mWc-00001-00000405-00000823 ...after, I've been coaching and training lot of people +0669-cN2mWc-00002-00000823-00001127 I didn't just coach +0669-cN2mWc-00003-00001127-00001453 people in sport but I also coached +0669-cN2mWc-00004-00001453-00001773 people in performance, +0669-cN2mWc-00005-00001773-00002091 with performance I mean also motivation, +0669-cN2mWc-00006-00002091-00002436 I also hold a Master in NLP +0669-cN2mWc-00007-00002436-00002756 so since I was young +0669-cN2mWc-00008-00002756-00003156 I've always liked and loved personal growth as well, so this is another side +0669-cN2mWc-00010-00003180-00003504 of what I +0669-cN2mWc-00011-00003504-00003832 have with me as background, but +0669-cN2mWc-00012-00003832-00004273 you know, even though I was training people +0669-cN2mWc-00013-00004273-00004651 I was an athlete, I am an athlete myself +0669-cN2mWc-00014-00004651-00005017 but I was getting injured all the time and +0669-cN2mWc-00015-00005017-00005599 for me consistency is something really important so +0669-cN2mWc-00016-00005599-00005906 if I was injured and I coached people +0669-cN2mWc-00017-00005906-00006344 there was something missing, I mean, I was like "How can I coach this +0669-cN2mWc-00018-00006344-00006550 people telling that I can bring them +0669-cN2mWc-00019-00006550-00006884 to better performances where +0669-cN2mWc-00020-00006884-00007439 myself, me...myself is injured, I get injured!" +0669-cN2mWc-00021-00007439-00007794 so I started to to study more and +0669-cN2mWc-00022-00007794-00008106 to find the key to this +0669-cN2mWc-00023-00008106-00008434 this missing link and +0669-cN2mWc-00024-00008434-00008781 I started a queste, I went trough seminars +0669-cN2mWc-00025-00008781-00009150 and lot of training around the world and +0669-cN2mWc-00026-00009150-00009524 fortunately I could find +0669-cN2mWc-00027-00009524-00009827 lot of answers online but still +0669-cN2mWc-00028-00009827-00010165 I wasn't getting what I wanted to get +0669-cN2mWc-00029-00010165-00010697 but fortunately during a trip +0669-cN2mWc-00030-00010697-00011126 in London I met Lee Saxby, which is a +0669-cN2mWc-00031-00011126-00011554 great running coach himself and a biomechanic +0669-cN2mWc-00032-00011554-00011886 one of the best in the world, he trains +0669-cN2mWc-00033-00011886-00012186 professional athletes, as well as +0669-cN2mWc-00034-00012186-00012534 trainers, Olympic athlete's' trainers +0669-cN2mWc-00035-00012534-00012897 so I with him after +0669-cN2mWc-00036-00012897-00013260 a nice chat invited me to +0669-cN2mWc-00037-00013260-00013743 see my run and he gave me a great analysis on my run +0669-cN2mWc-00038-00013743-00014119 and we started to, I mean, +0669-cN2mWc-00039-00014119-00014459 he started to coach me and I was impressed +0669-cN2mWc-00040-00014459-00014887 from what he do and +0669-cN2mWc-00041-00014887-00015202 I told myself that I wanted to get to his level +0669-cN2mWc-00042-00015202-00015512 in order to then bring this +0669-cN2mWc-00043-00015512-00015844 valuable thing to other people and +0669-cN2mWc-00044-00015844-00016260 fortunately he started an academy and he started to coach +0669-cN2mWc-00045-00016260-00016634 coaches and to instruct +0669-cN2mWc-00046-00016634-00016990 people who want to become coaches +0669-cN2mWc-00047-00016990-00017318 and after many years +0669-cN2mWc-00048-00017318-00017851 of training of experience +0669-cN2mWc-00049-00017851-00018154 he nominated me one of his +0669-cN2mWc-00050-00018154-00018490 Master Coaches so now I'm one +0669-cN2mWc-00051-00018490-00018834 among few Master Coaches around the world +0669-cN2mWc-00052-00018834-00019201 I'm proud of that! +0669-cN2mWc-00053-00019201-00019577 But the best thing is not the recognition +0669-cN2mWc-00054-00019577-00019998 is that now I have the skills, I feel I have the skills +0669-cN2mWc-00055-00019998-00020307 and I can truly help eople +0669-cN2mWc-00056-00020307-00020823 achieving what they want to achieve in their running, but not just in the running +0669-cN2mWc-00057-00020823-00021163 also in the movement because of course +0669-cN2mWc-00058-00021163-00021689 everybody wants to run better, but to run better you have to be able to move better +0669-cN2mWc-00059-00021696-00022018 so this helps not only your running performance +0669-cN2mWc-00060-00022018-00022266 but in your everyday performance. +0669-cN2mWc-00061-00022268-00022466 Before being a runner +0669-cN2mWc-00062-00022468-00022760 we are a football player or a golf player or +0669-cN2mWc-00063-00022760-00023173 whatever your sport is, you are a person, a human +0669-cN2mWc-00064-00023173-00023479 and 80% of the movement we do +0669-cN2mWc-00065-00023479-00023935 in each sport is first humans moment so you have to be able +0669-cN2mWc-00066-00023935-00024248 to do humans moment before you go and do +0669-cN2mWc-00067-00024248-00024557 your specific sport which is just 20% of +0669-cN2mWc-00068-00024557-00024679 movement you do. +07pGxIyr9_u-00000-00000176-00000527 Johanna Lampe:
Great, good afternoon, and thanks much, Cindy, and also many thanks to +07pGxIyr9_u-00001-00000527-00000950 Lita and the organizing committee for the opportunity to participate in this meeting. +07pGxIyr9_u-00002-00000950-00001328 It really has been fantastic. +07pGxIyr9_u-00003-00001328-00001743 By way of introduction, my background is in nutrition, so I'm going to take more of a +07pGxIyr9_u-00004-00001743-00002506 nutrition-centric view of our discussion about relationships between the gut microbial community +07pGxIyr9_u-00005-00002506-00003127 and diet. And also, before I start, I'd also like to acknowledge my colleague Meredith +07pGxIyr9_u-00006-00003127-00003585 Hullar, who's a microbial ecologist, who's been working with us for a number of years +07pGxIyr9_u-00007-00003585-00004203 now, who really has helped in our group beginning to think about some of the interactions and +07pGxIyr9_u-00008-00004203-00004724 the issues with regards to these relationships. +07pGxIyr9_u-00009-00004724-00005337 So from a nutritional standpoint, when we think about health and risk of disease, often +07pGxIyr9_u-00010-00005337-00006237 this is the very broad and general paradigm, is that aspects of diet are influencing risk +07pGxIyr9_u-00011-00006237-00006731 of disease. And in many cases, we focus primarily on a number of chronic diseases that we're +07pGxIyr9_u-00012-00006731-00007195 faced with from a public health standpoint. And we can think about this, not only from +07pGxIyr9_u-00013-00007195-00007931 the standpoint of fuel availability, which certainly, in the last number of years, has +07pGxIyr9_u-00014-00007931-00008673 come to the fore front with our concerns over adiposity and the implications of our increase +07pGxIyr9_u-00015-00008673-00009364 in obesity in the Western world, but also the aspect of other dietary constituents, +07pGxIyr9_u-00016-00009364-00009920 whether they be recognized as central nutrients, or a whole host of other components of diet +07pGxIyr9_u-00017-00009920-00010348 that can influence various aspects of disease risk. +07pGxIyr9_u-00018-00010348-00010903 In the context of our discussion today, then, we're really thinking about the gut microbial +07pGxIyr9_u-00019-00010903-00011490 community as a potential modifier of effective diet. Certainly we've heard a lot of discussion +07pGxIyr9_u-00020-00011490-00012384 about how various microbes can have direct effects on tissues and on the human system, +07pGxIyr9_u-00021-00012384-00013144 but also the potential for the gut microbial community to influence fuel availability and +07pGxIyr9_u-00022-00013144-00013818 modulation of signaling that affects energy balance, but also the impact of the gut microbes +07pGxIyr9_u-00023-00013818-00014496 on various other dietary constituents. So I'll really focus on this piece today. We've +07pGxIyr9_u-00024-00014496-00014950 also heard, in a number of presentations, the capacity for diet to directly affect the +07pGxIyr9_u-00025-00014950-00015531 gut microbial community. So there's always that back-and-forth connection. +07pGxIyr9_u-00026-00015531-00016081 So as far as discussion today, I'd like to address a couple of questions in a very broad +07pGxIyr9_u-00027-00016081-00016576 sense. And I think this is really more to bring us back to thinking about the complexity +07pGxIyr9_u-00028-00016576-00017249 of studying the gut microbial community and the various other aspects of exposures in +07pGxIyr9_u-00029-00017249-00017871 humans or other animals, and how this may impact on the community structure. +07pGxIyr9_u-00030-00017871-00018393 So, first of all, what are the gut microbes doing with our food? What is the effect of +07pGxIyr9_u-00031-00018393-00019143 the gut microbiome on host dietary exposures, particularly in the context of a lot of population-based +07pGxIyr9_u-00032-00019143-00019656 studies, where we often rely heavily on a food frequency questionnaire to try to identify +07pGxIyr9_u-00033-00019656-00020340 dietary exposure. But to what extent is that really capturing what's going on in vivo? +07pGxIyr9_u-00034-00020340-00020834 And how might this influence disease risk in the cases where we have some examples of +07pGxIyr9_u-00035-00020834-00021438 this? So I really -- certainly, this is very broad. It's also capturing a couple of examples, +07pGxIyr9_u-00036-00021438-00021981 by no means comprehensive. And many of you can bring up addition examples that we can +07pGxIyr9_u-00037-00021981-00022540 discuss, too. And then I'll finish with gaps, needs, and challenges. +07pGxIyr9_u-00038-00022540-00023080 So there's no question about it, the human diet is extremely complex, which means, when +07pGxIyr9_u-00039-00023080-00023498 we come to think about it, we're not only dealing with exposure to thousands of compounds +07pGxIyr9_u-00040-00023498-00024137 on a daily basis, but also how we handle food, whether it be processing in a factory, whether +07pGxIyr9_u-00041-00024137-00024848 it be how we are preparing a meal in the kitchen. But various aspects of this can affect structure +07pGxIyr9_u-00042-00024848-00025576 and particle size, bioavailability of compounds to the host. And with reduced bioavailability +07pGxIyr9_u-00043-00025576-00026372 of compounds to the host, what you're actually, likely seeing is bioavailability of substrates +07pGxIyr9_u-00044-00026372-00026672 to the microbiome. +07pGxIyr9_u-00045-00026672-00027248 Tend to think about this with regards to gut microbial metabolism designed to make the +07pGxIyr9_u-00046-00027248-00028011 most of the situation. And in the context of flow of food through the gastrointestinal +07pGxIyr9_u-00047-00028011-00028656 tract, really first line of handling is through human digestion. And often, when we go back +07pGxIyr9_u-00048-00028656-00029356 to the old nutrition and medical textbooks, we're really focusing only on what we can +07pGxIyr9_u-00049-00029356-00029925 handle in the way of enzymatic reactions that allow for availability of nutrients and energy +07pGxIyr9_u-00050-00029925-00030114 sources for the human. +07pGxIyr9_u-00051-00030114-00030582 But there are a whole host of components. One could consider the indigestible -- that +07pGxIyr9_u-00052-00030582-00031445 is the dietary fiber we've heard about; resistance starch that's not easily metabolized by humans; +07pGxIyr9_u-00053-00031445-00032045 as well as a number of other components, what we might call the leftovers, which are other +07pGxIyr9_u-00054-00032045-00032602 bits that we cannot handle, either because from structural standpoint they are encased +07pGxIyr9_u-00055-00032602-00033452 in a non-digestible coding, as, for example, in seeds, some nuts, depending how well you +07pGxIyr9_u-00056-00033452-00033933 chew your large chunks of meat, availability of protein; all these things have then become +07pGxIyr9_u-00057-00033933-00034722 part of the bacterial substrate mix. And really a lot of the reactions that we come to consider +07pGxIyr9_u-00058-00034722-00035218 in relation to gut microbial metabolism are designed to handle these fermentation. We've +07pGxIyr9_u-00059-00035218-00036043 heard about reduction of nitrates and sulfates, esterification, aromatic fission, et cetera, +07pGxIyr9_u-00060-00036043-00036337 that come into play. +07pGxIyr9_u-00061-00036337-00037186 When we look at this in relation to the contribution of genes to -- that are related to metabolic +07pGxIyr9_u-00062-00037186-00037772 pathways, a good majority of these are focused on carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism, +07pGxIyr9_u-00063-00037772-00038373 as well as xenobiotic degradation, which Pete talked a little bit about in relation -- well, +07pGxIyr9_u-00064-00038373-00038819 quite a bit, in relation to drugs. But when we think about xenobiotics from the dietary +07pGxIyr9_u-00065-00038819-00039308 standpoint, we're also talking about a whole host of other compounds, such as many of the +07pGxIyr9_u-00066-00039308-00040000 plant compounds that, from a human standpoint, we also view as xenobiotic, but are also major +07pGxIyr9_u-00067-00040000-00040586 substrates for gut microbes, as well as many pyrolysis products that come with how we prepare +07pGxIyr9_u-00068-00040586-00040852 food by cooking. +07pGxIyr9_u-00069-00040852-00041314 So we've heard a lot already about production of short-chain fatty acids in relation to +07pGxIyr9_u-00070-00041314-00041949 carbohydrate fermentation. So I'm really not going to spend much time on this, beyond just +07pGxIyr9_u-00071-00041949-00042562 to remind ourselves that acetate, propionate, and butyrate, besides serving as energy sources +07pGxIyr9_u-00072-00042562-00043096 both for the colonic epithelium in the case of butyrate, as well as capacity for lipogenesis +07pGxIyr9_u-00073-00043096-00043746 and gluconeogenesis for acetate and propionate, but they also -- the importance of these compounds +07pGxIyr9_u-00074-00043746-00044456 as signaling molecules: butyrate acting as a histone deacetylase inhibitor in the colonic +07pGxIyr9_u-00075-00044456-00045129 epithelium, and therefore having effects on epigenetic modulation of apoptosis and proliferation, +07pGxIyr9_u-00076-00045129-00046081 as well as signaling further systematically, as we heard from Gary, the potential to have +07pGxIyr9_u-00077-00046081-00046625 even an impact in the lung. So I think this is an area of -- that we'll continue to hear +07pGxIyr9_u-00078-00046625-00046868 a lot about. +07pGxIyr9_u-00079-00046868-00047418 Looking at microbial metabolism of proteins and amino acids, again, this is a range of +07pGxIyr9_u-00080-00047418-00048018 different types of compounds from the standpoint of substrates. And it -- really depending +07pGxIyr9_u-00081-00048018-00048759 on the type of amino acid, when it's generating a variety of different products, the bacteria +07pGxIyr9_u-00082-00048759-00049528 are certainly in the context of the aromatic amino acids, a range of phenols and indoles. +07pGxIyr9_u-00083-00049528-00049962 Sulfur amino acids can produce a whole host of different sulfur compounds. I'll talk a +07pGxIyr9_u-00084-00049962-00050602 little bit more about that in a minute. And the rest of the other amino acids can be deaminated +07pGxIyr9_u-00085-00050602-00051226 or decarboxylated to contribute to ammonia production amines, as well as, can also be +07pGxIyr9_u-00086-00051226-00051808 deaminated and fermented additionally to produce short-chain fatty acids. And in the case of +07pGxIyr9_u-00087-00051808-00052721 the branch-chain amino acids, to produce branch-chain -- short-chain -- branch-chain fatty acids, +07pGxIyr9_u-00088-00052721-00053034 excuse me. +07pGxIyr9_u-00089-00053034-00053632 So by way of example, in the context of the aromatic amino acid metabolism, L-Tryptophan +07pGxIyr9_u-00090-00053632-00054611 can be converted to indole and pyruvate. And Poster Number 18 has also another nice example +07pGxIyr9_u-00091-00054611-00055177 of an additional conversion of tryptophan to indole pyruvate, which is of concern in +07pGxIyr9_u-00092-00055177-00055711 relation to a metabolite that's been identified with autism, if you're interested in some +07pGxIyr9_u-00093-00055711-00056261 more metabolic pieces of that. But in the case of production of indole, it has received +07pGxIyr9_u-00094-00056261-00056902 some attention, both from the standpoint that it's present both in the human and rodent +07pGxIyr9_u-00095-00056902-00057564 gut lumen at low millimolar concentrations, and has been shown to modulate expression +07pGxIyr9_u-00096-00057564-00058265 of both pro- and anti-inflammatory genes, typically showing increases in the anti-inflammatory +07pGxIyr9_u-00097-00058265-00058844 genes and down-regulation of the pro-inflammatory genes, as well as strengthening some of the +07pGxIyr9_u-00098-00058844-00059630 epithelial cell barrier, and decreasing pathogen colonization. So I think this is just one +07pGxIyr9_u-00099-00059630-00060241 example, but it really points out the importance of so many of these small molecules, many +07pGxIyr9_u-00100-00060241-00061039 of which we probably don't even begin to understand their potential to impact on the host. +07pGxIyr9_u-00101-00061039-00061840 Another amino acid -- product of amino acid metabolism, in the case of sulfur amino acids, +07pGxIyr9_u-00102-00061840-00062382 is generation of hydrogen sulfide. This has been shown to be toxic to colonic sites both +07pGxIyr9_u-00103-00062382-00062933 in in vitro and in vivo models, and can contribute to inflammation, and therefore, is of concern +07pGxIyr9_u-00104-00062933-00063637 in relation to ulcerative colitis and colon cancer. And from the standpoint of handling +07pGxIyr9_u-00105-00063637-00064311 biogut bacteria, hydrogen sulfide can be generated both by fermentation of sulfur containing +07pGxIyr9_u-00106-00064311-00065086 amino acids, but also the action of the sulfate-reducing bacteria on inorganic sulfates; sp sulfate +07pGxIyr9_u-00107-00065086-00065686 and sulfites, many of which are used as preservatives in food, and also just present in foods in +07pGxIyr9_u-00108-00065686-00066108 general. So, again, another source there. +07pGxIyr9_u-00109-00066108-00066500 Just by way of an example, people have been saying today, it's often really hard to do +07pGxIyr9_u-00110-00066500-00067048 studies in humans, but one can do dietary interventions. And although we aren't necessarily +07pGxIyr9_u-00111-00067048-00067521 looking at who gets ulcerative colitis at the end, this is an example of a controlled +07pGxIyr9_u-00112-00067521-00068378 feeding study, in which case volunteers were sequestered in a metabolic ward, participated +07pGxIyr9_u-00113-00068378-00069279 in five different treatments of 10 days each of meat supplementation in a controlled diet. +07pGxIyr9_u-00114-00069279-00069956 And they were looking at fecal sulfate concentrations; they also looked at urinary sulfate excretion +07pGxIyr9_u-00115-00069956-00070362 in relation to these treatments. And as you can see, as you increase the amount of meat +07pGxIyr9_u-00116-00070362-00071015 in the diet, you see increases in fecal sulfate concentrations. So the -- human studies such +07pGxIyr9_u-00117-00071015-00071618 as these are small but they can often add important connecting bits of information in +07pGxIyr9_u-00118-00071618-00072356 relation to the impact of these compounds in human health and exposure to them. +07pGxIyr9_u-00119-00072356-00072800 Another story that's received quite a bit of attention in the last couple of years is +07pGxIyr9_u-00120-00072800-00073456 the production of trimethylamine oxide, which comes from the bacterial conversion of choline +07pGxIyr9_u-00121-00073456-00073988 to trimethylamine. Choline is derived from phosphatidylcholine, or lecithin, that is +07pGxIyr9_u-00122-00073988-00074500 a good part of the diet, particularly if you include meat products, and you've been eating +07pGxIyr9_u-00123-00074500-00075171 the hard-boiled eggs the last couple of mornings at breakfast. You've been receiving your phosphatidylcholine +07pGxIyr9_u-00124-00075171-00076142 challenge. And choline is released upon lipolysis in the gut; it undergoes metabolism by gut +07pGxIyr9_u-00125-00076142-00076974 microbes to trimethylamine, is absorbed, further metabolized by hepatic flavin mono-oxygenases, +07pGxIyr9_u-00126-00076974-00077566 and it's converted to trimethylamine oxide, which has been shown in animal models to be +07pGxIyr9_u-00127-00077566-00078227 atherosclerotic, and I'll show you a little data in a minute about potential risks in +07pGxIyr9_u-00128-00078227-00078495 humans. +07pGxIyr9_u-00129-00078495-00078985 A lot of work has been done in animal models already, but in the context of, again, a human +07pGxIyr9_u-00130-00078985-00079791 study, with dosing of 40 individuals with those phosphatidylcholine challenge, both +07pGxIyr9_u-00131-00079791-00080637 as an egg source as well as a deuterated phosphatidylcholine, they can show, you see increases in TMAO as +07pGxIyr9_u-00132-00080637-00081206 a result of the intervention. Provide a broad spec antibiotic: could show decreases as a +07pGxIyr9_u-00133-00081206-00081904 result, and then a reappearance of the TMAO upon withdrawal of the antibiotic, again, +07pGxIyr9_u-00134-00081904-00082564 showing the relationship between bacterial production of the trimethylamine and subsequent +07pGxIyr9_u-00135-00082564-00082752 TMAO. +07pGxIyr9_u-00136-00082752-00083531 As part of this study, they also evaluated prospectively the relationship between plasma +07pGxIyr9_u-00137-00083531-00084205 TMAO concentrations in 4,000 individuals who were then followed for three years for cardiovascular +07pGxIyr9_u-00138-00084205-00084955 events. And showed significant differences among quartiles of plasma TMAO concentrations +07pGxIyr9_u-00139-00084955-00085585 in relation to risk of myocardial infarction, stroke, and death, with certainly the highest +07pGxIyr9_u-00140-00085585-00086069 risk among those individuals in the highest quartile, again, showing this relationship +07pGxIyr9_u-00141-00086069-00086872 of production of a plasma component in relation to disease outcome. +07pGxIyr9_u-00142-00086872-00087580 So the other piece of metabolism that is a little near and dear to my heart is in the +07pGxIyr9_u-00143-00087580-00088196 area of phytochemicals. And there's an estimate that we are exposed to some 20,000 different +07pGxIyr9_u-00144-00088196-00088788 phytochemicals over the span of about 70 different plant foods. And many of these compounds are +07pGxIyr9_u-00145-00088788-00089398 also handled by gut microbes, certainly a lot of the phenolics, the terpenoids, which +07pGxIyr9_u-00146-00089398-00090217 include the carotenoids, various sulfur containing compounds, and the glucosinolates and indoles +07pGxIyr9_u-00147-00090217-00090327 also. +07pGxIyr9_u-00148-00090327-00091011 So what I'll do in the next few minutes is focus, as by way of example, on the glucosinolates +07pGxIyr9_u-00149-00091011-00091513 and the isoindoles. But certainly there are many other examples of the impact of gut microbes +07pGxIyr9_u-00150-00091513-00092098 on exposure to these compounds and to their metabolites. +07pGxIyr9_u-00151-00092098-00092653 First example is in relation to production of isothiocyanates from glucosinolates in +07pGxIyr9_u-00152-00092653-00093341 the area of cancer prevention. Cruciferous vegetable, that is the broccoli containing +07pGxIyr9_u-00153-00093341-00094005 -- or broccoli family, cabbage family, veggies, are major source of these in the human diet. +07pGxIyr9_u-00154-00094005-00094666 And as they exist in the plants, they are -- have a glucose moiety bound to them, aptly +07pGxIyr9_u-00155-00094666-00095452 named glucosinolates. And these are not bioactive in this form, but their release of the glucose +07pGxIyr9_u-00156-00095452-00096027 moiety to production of the isothiocyanate is production of the bioactive component that's +07pGxIyr9_u-00157-00096027-00096586 been shown to be important with regards to reduced carcinogenesis in animal models, as +07pGxIyr9_u-00158-00096586-00097466 well as associated with lower risk of several common cancers in human epidemiologic studies. +07pGxIyr9_u-00159-00097466-00098281 Now, as the compound exists, there is an enzyme in cruciferous vegetables that can cleave +07pGxIyr9_u-00160-00098281-00098780 this glucose moiety to release the isothiocyanate. And the thought is there that the primary +07pGxIyr9_u-00161-00098780-00099548 reason the plant does this is in the face of a threat -- or not a threat, but having +07pGxIyr9_u-00162-00099548-00100249 been chomped on or chewed that it actually releases the isothiocyanate, which has a bitter +07pGxIyr9_u-00163-00100249-00101181 and pungent feel in the mouth, and will cause the insect or animal to stop consuming it. +07pGxIyr9_u-00164-00101181-00101663 In most cases, in humans, we actually don't consume cruciferous vegetables raw, and that +07pGxIyr9_u-00165-00101663-00102272 means that the myrosinase is denatured as a result of cooking. But our gut bacteria, +07pGxIyr9_u-00166-00102272-00102815 many of which contain thioglucosidases, can also carry out this reaction and allow for +07pGxIyr9_u-00167-00102815-00102990 release of isothiocyanates. +07pGxIyr9_u-00168-00102990-00103878 And I think this is a nice example of the difference in exposure to isothiocyanates +07pGxIyr9_u-00169-00103878-00104404 across a group of individuals. This is work of Tom Kensler's from a number of years ago. +07pGxIyr9_u-00170-00104404-00105068 But they were conducting an intervention trial with glucosinolate supplement, glucoraphanin, +07pGxIyr9_u-00171-00105068-00105709 which is the glucosinolate precursor of sulforaphane. And we're looking at the impact on reducing +07pGxIyr9_u-00172-00105709-00106613 aflatoxin DNA adducts in a population in China. As you can see here, the urinary isothiocyanate +07pGxIyr9_u-00173-00106613-00107444 recovery ranged from 1 to 45 percent of the dose administered when they measured the metabolites +07pGxIyr9_u-00174-00107444-00107981 in urine, suggesting that the availability of these compounds varies considerably across +07pGxIyr9_u-00175-00107981-00108660 individuals. And this -- as you increase recovery in the urine, you see a decrease in DNA adduct +07pGxIyr9_u-00176-00108660-00109204 formation, suggesting that those exposed to more may be benefited more from the impact +07pGxIyr9_u-00177-00109204-00109310 of the isothiocyanate. +07pGxIyr9_u-00178-00109310-00110199 We were interested in whether -- to what extent we could understand the relationship between +07pGxIyr9_u-00179-00110199-00110826 these urinary measures of phenotype, as far as recovery of isothiocyanates in relation +07pGxIyr9_u-00180-00110826-00111648 to gut microbial activity. And Fay Li in our group recruited a group of individuals, challenged +07pGxIyr9_u-00181-00111648-00112377 them with a dose of cooked broccoli, so, i.e., glucosinolate-rich but no myrosinase to cleave +07pGxIyr9_u-00182-00112377-00113161 the isothiocyanate, and could recover between 1 to 28 percent of the isothiocyanate in urine. +07pGxIyr9_u-00183-00113161-00114057 You can see there is quite a range in the distribution. And then took the high and low +07pGxIyr9_u-00184-00114057-00115111 urinary ITC excreters and incubated fecal bacteria from their stool samples with glucoraphanin. +07pGxIyr9_u-00185-00115111-00115789 And looked at rate of decrease in relation -- of glucoraphanin in relation to either +07pGxIyr9_u-00186-00115789-00116635 a high excreter in yellow or a low excreter in blue. And suggesting that those individuals +07pGxIyr9_u-00187-00116635-00117474 who are excreting more isothiocyanates are typically more likely to break down the glucoraphanin, +07pGxIyr9_u-00188-00117474-00117858 which allows for release and absorption. +07pGxIyr9_u-00189-00117858-00118578 Another example of phytochemicals that are heavily metabolized by gut microbes are the +07pGxIyr9_u-00190-00118578-00119134 soy isoflavones. These have been of interest for a number of decades now in relation to +07pGxIyr9_u-00191-00119134-00119715 their weak estrogenic properties, capacity to bind to the estrogen receptors, both alpha +07pGxIyr9_u-00192-00119715-00120441 and beta, and illicit either weak estrogenic responses or to have anti-estrogenic effect. +07pGxIyr9_u-00193-00120441-00121114 In the context of this story, the soy isoflavone daidzein is handled by gut microbes to convert +07pGxIyr9_u-00194-00121114-00121903 two major metabolites, equol and O-desmethylangolensin, or ODMA. What we find in most populations, +07pGxIyr9_u-00195-00121903-00122666 that most individuals have got microbes that can carry out this reaction. And if you measure +07pGxIyr9_u-00196-00122666-00123384 urinary ODMA levels in a population, 80 to 90 percent of individuals will have substantial +07pGxIyr9_u-00197-00123384-00124264 ODMA excretion. And whereas the equol really varies, one, across populations, and certainly +07pGxIyr9_u-00198-00124264-00124910 is a lot lower in production. And it's not necessarily that either you're an ODMA producer +07pGxIyr9_u-00199-00124910-00125677 or an equol producer; typically, ODMA producers can be equol producers or vice versa. +07pGxIyr9_u-00200-00125677-00126402 This just shows that if you give individuals a soy challenge containing daidzein, you can +07pGxIyr9_u-00201-00126402-00127067 see a range of excretion; this is 24-hour urinary excretion. But this is a tenfold jump +07pGxIyr9_u-00202-00127067-00127542 between those individuals who really aren't excreting any. In this case, what we're measuring +07pGxIyr9_u-00203-00127542-00128315 here is likely what's coming from other animal sources of equol coming from milk and meat +07pGxIyr9_u-00204-00128315-00128933 sources of ruminants compared to what you seek produced by the humans. +07pGxIyr9_u-00205-00128933-00129424 The reason people have been interested in this is that in a number of the soy intervention +07pGxIyr9_u-00206-00129424-00130104 studies, there are have been identified differences in response between those of an equol-producing +07pGxIyr9_u-00207-00130104-00130804 capacity. And many of these relate to sex hormone effects, either in relation to menstrual +07pGxIyr9_u-00208-00130804-00131720 cycle or steroid hormone concentrations, bone mineral densities, as well as some differential +07pGxIyr9_u-00209-00131720-00132436 gene expression that is estrogen receptor driven in peripheral lymphocytes. And then +07pGxIyr9_u-00210-00132436-00133062 also similarly, some observation studies that show differences. But these are certainly +07pGxIyr9_u-00211-00133062-00134109 not always shown in all studies. There are -- certainly are in all studies too, but... +07pGxIyr9_u-00212-00134109-00134651 So what gut microbes are producing equol? There have been a number of attempts to identify +07pGxIyr9_u-00213-00134651-00135319 these, and there's a number of specific bacteria that have been shown to be able to convert +07pGxIyr9_u-00214-00135319-00136097 daidzein to equol listed here. But often, when you go looking by QPCR for some of these +07pGxIyr9_u-00215-00136097-00136726 specifically in human stool samples, you don't necessarily find them. There are also some +07pGxIyr9_u-00216-00136726-00137313 suggestions that it may -- some individuals may rely on a consortium of bacteria: some +07pGxIyr9_u-00217-00137313-00137832 that can carry out the first part of the reaction, and some that carry out the second. So I think +07pGxIyr9_u-00218-00137832-00138332 this sort of is an indication of the importance of being able to come to a more functional +07pGxIyr9_u-00219-00138332-00138911 approach to be able to characterize some of these activities, because we're going to find, +07pGxIyr9_u-00220-00138911-00139457 for many of these reactions, that there are a whole host of bacteria that could do this. +07pGxIyr9_u-00221-00139457-00140325 But -- and they're not necessarily all within the same group, so I think that's an important +07pGxIyr9_u-00222-00140325-00140425 piece. +07pGxIyr9_u-00223-00140425-00141086 So just to summarize the presentation. I think -- I hope I've shown that microbial metabolism +07pGxIyr9_u-00224-00141086-00141644 can modify a variety of different dietary components; that the differences in the gut +07pGxIyr9_u-00225-00141644-00142323 microbial community capacity to handle substrates can be detected using metabolic phenotypes, +07pGxIyr9_u-00226-00142323-00142959 even on a more gross level of monitoring urinary metabolites, and certainly as we move into +07pGxIyr9_u-00227-00142959-00143769 using the metabolomics approaches, can get a wide range of ways to evaluate this. +07pGxIyr9_u-00228-00143769-00144326 I think one of the things that is always a good reminder is that diet, as consumed, it +07pGxIyr9_u-00229-00144326-00145037 is not necessarily that experienced by the host. So from the standpoint of the components, +07pGxIyr9_u-00230-00145037-00145480 the metabolites produced by the bacteria, these may be, in some cases, quite different +07pGxIyr9_u-00231-00145480-00146183 from those that went into your mouth. And lastly, I think the gut microbiome really +07pGxIyr9_u-00232-00146183-00146719 needs to be considered in the context of the host diet in order for us to best understand +07pGxIyr9_u-00233-00146719-00147428 its impact on both host metabolism as well as its own, and on disease risk. +07pGxIyr9_u-00234-00147428-00148092 In relation to some of the gaps, needs, and challenges, coming at this from a very -- sort +07pGxIyr9_u-00235-00148092-00148618 of the nutritional angle, and it's interesting to see how these are sort of recapitulating +07pGxIyr9_u-00236-00148618-00149119 across many of our presentations in the last two days, I think one of our big challenges +07pGxIyr9_u-00237-00149119-00149675 certainly is trying to test the causality of gut microbiome and contribution to health +07pGxIyr9_u-00238-00149675-00150389 and disease, and certainly in the context of diet. And in that regard, I think we have +07pGxIyr9_u-00239-00150389-00150991 a strong need for a number of different approaches to this, both from the standpoint of the prospective +07pGxIyr9_u-00240-00150991-00151722 cohorts that allow us to follow individuals for extended periods of time with good measure +07pGxIyr9_u-00241-00151722-00152366 of exposure, whether it be diet or otherwise, as well as capacity to sample and characterize +07pGxIyr9_u-00242-00152366-00152794 the gut microbiome. I think there's a place for well-controlled dietary interventions +07pGxIyr9_u-00243-00152794-00153421 to try to get at some of the relationships for inter-individual variation. And finding +07pGxIyr9_u-00244-00153421-00153959 ways to harness these and make the most of them, I think, is important. And certainly, +07pGxIyr9_u-00245-00153959-00154304 the model systems are going to be critical as there are some many things that we certainly +07pGxIyr9_u-00246-00154304-00154600 can't do in humans. +07pGxIyr9_u-00247-00154600-00155328 And lastly, on a more broader level, I think, to reiterate Vince's comment this morning, +07pGxIyr9_u-00248-00155328-00155880 really trying to facilitate transdisciplinary research to allow for the breadth and depth +07pGxIyr9_u-00249-00155880-00156503 of knowledge that we need in this area, not only from the standpoint of a funding situation, +07pGxIyr9_u-00250-00156503-00157239 but certainly from the support of our institutions to be able to allow for this cross-fertilization. +07pGxIyr9_u-00251-00157239-00158135 And big plug for methods for assessing composite functionality of the gut microbial community, +07pGxIyr9_u-00252-00158135-00158701 and being able to integrate the structure and functional relationships. And lastly, +07pGxIyr9_u-00253-00158701-00159244 having the computational methods to integrate multiple omics platforms, and I think we've +07pGxIyr9_u-00254-00159244-00159423 heard that one before. +07pGxIyr9_u-00255-00159423-00160111 So lastly, just want to thank the members of my group, as well as collaborators at the +07pGxIyr9_u-00256-00160111-00160730 Hutch and University of Washington, Texas A&M University with collaboration with Rob +07pGxIyr9_u-00257-00160730-00161574 Chapkin project, and long-term collaborations. And lastly, to thank NCI for the support over +07pGxIyr9_u-00258-00161574-00161886 the years. Thank you. +07pGxIyr9_u-00259-00161886-00161986 [applause] +07pGxIyr9_u-00260-00161986-00162540 Female Speaker: We have time for a few questions. +07pGxIyr9_u-00261-00162540-00163200 Johanna Lampe: Everybody's just ready for dinner. [laughs] +07pGxIyr9_u-00262-00163200-00163839 Female Speaker: Well, if people aren't rushing for questions +07pGxIyr9_u-00263-00163839-00164225 now, it'll probably give us the opportunity to -- oh, someone's -- +07pGxIyr9_u-00264-00164225-00164374 Female Speaker: I do have one question. +07pGxIyr9_u-00265-00164374-00164474 Female Speaker: Yeah. +07pGxIyr9_u-00266-00164474-00164583 Female Speaker: You mentioned lecithin, and you were looking +07pGxIyr9_u-00267-00164583-00164959 at meat and egg sources. I was wondering, have you looked at all at soy lecithin? I +07pGxIyr9_u-00268-00164959-00165358 know it's very commonly and almost ubiquitously put into processed foods. +07pGxIyr9_u-00269-00165358-00165678 Johanna Lampe: I would expect it probably is going to be +07pGxIyr9_u-00270-00165678-00166424 similar. I mean, as phosphatidylcholine, it's going to be similarly broken doing, and the +07pGxIyr9_u-00271-00166424-00166909 choline is going to be available as a substrate for the bacteria. So whether or not it's a +07pGxIyr9_u-00272-00166909-00167503 pure source, or whether it's coming from different food products, it's likely to have that effect. +07pGxIyr9_u-00273-00167503-00167938 Female Speaker: Well, please join me in showing appreciation +07pGxIyr9_u-00274-00167938-00168251 for all the speakers in this session. +07pGxIyr9_u-00275-00168251-00168351 [applause] +07pGxIyr9_u-00276-00168351-00168887 And we'll now start the discussion session for this afternoon. +08FLjbpAuEI-00000-00000000-00000100 Muhahahahahahaha +08FLjbpAuEI-00001-00000110-00000229 Oh, come on! +08FLjbpAuEI-00002-00000229-00000444 RAINNNBOOOOWS +08FLjbpAuEI-00003-00000490-00000576 WOAAAAAH! +08FLjbpAuEI-00004-00000919-00001136 Bye, Brian... +08FLjbpAuEI-00005-00001334-00001588 *screams* +08FLjbpAuEI-00006-00001590-00001678 Hey, want a banana- +08FLjbpAuEI-00007-00001678-00001772 Oh, what!? +08FLjbpAuEI-00008-00001776-00001873 NO! Turn it back!*screams* +08FLjbpAuEI-00009-00001910-00002028 Who wants a muffin? +08FLjbpAuEI-00010-00002378-00002526 It's muffin time! +08FLjbpAuEI-00011-00002566-00002698 There can be only one. +08FLjbpAuEI-00012-00002976-00003076 Skatebords. +08FLjbpAuEI-00013-00003226-00003394 For a walk, Jimmy. +08FLjbpAuEI-00014-00003528-00003658 Okay! Now jump! +08FLjbpAuEI-00015-00003842-00003911 Mmm... +08FLjbpAuEI-00016-00003960-00004032 Good... +08FLjbpAuEI-00017-00004150-00004212 I'm gonna getcha! +08FLjbpAuEI-00018-00004228-00004412 *clap* *clap* +09IWiUwLh3c-00000-00002913-00003013 [Music] +09IWiUwLh3c-00001-00003013-00003113 easy gives the soul to the universe thanks to the mind +09IWiUwLh3c-00002-00003113-00003213 and life +09IWiUwLh3c-00003-00003213-00003464 did everything [Music] +09IWiUwLh3c-00004-00003464-00003953 [Music] +09IWiUwLh3c-00005-00003953-00004488 music gives a soul to the universe Wings to the mind +09IWiUwLh3c-00006-00004488-00004588 to everything [Music] +09IWiUwLh3c-00007-00004588-00005573 easily gives the soul to the universe brings to the mind [Music] +09IWiUwLh3c-00008-00005573-00005673 to everything +09IWiUwLh3c-00009-00005673-00006559 [Music] +09IWiUwLh3c-00010-00006559-00007504 [Music] +09IWiUwLh3c-00011-00007504-00009418 foreign to the universe Wings to the mind +09IWiUwLh3c-00012-00009418-00009518 and life did everything +09IWiUwLh3c-00014-00013869-00013969 foreign +09IWiUwLh3c-00015-00013969-00013970 [Music] +09SJMzqQ69k-00000-00000008-00000536 one more feature that i think is so cool about this it has the privacy pop-up camera +09SJMzqQ69k-00001-00000536-00001008 so that you never accidentally have like the webcam on when you don't want the webcam to be on +09SJMzqQ69k-00002-00001008-00001704 you know but you can get this on amazon so i will have it linked here but here but that way you know +09SJMzqQ69k-00003-00001704-00002072 that shipping is fast and free if you have amazon prime so that +09SJMzqQ69k-00004-00002072-00002376 you can get started on this for your family or for your business +09SJMzqQ69k-00005-00002456-00002920 today you deserve up level your desk look how nice and chic and lovely that looks +0t7OTJmZL30-00000-00000000-00000200 R9-7950X3D vs i9-13900K | RDR 2 Benchmark | 4K - 8XMSAA - DLSS OFF +0v_CqGZa38Y-00000-00000000-00000501 Welcome to my video +0v_CqGZa38Y-00001-00000505-00001000 Thank you for this video view +0v_CqGZa38Y-00002-00001000-00001508 Like, sub, share, support my channel. +0v_CqGZa38Y-00003-00001516-00002000 Thank you very much +0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00000-00001566-00002298 First add a plane and go to geometry notes. click on new, delete the group input, add a spiral. Set +0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00001-00002298-00003090 the resolution to 64, the rotation to 10, the start radius to 1.05 and the end radius to 0.05. +0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00002-00003090-00003894 Add a transform node add a resample curve node. Set the count to 230. now add a set position node, +0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00003-00003894-00004812 add a noise texture, set it to 4d and the to -0.1 Now set the scale to 1, duplicate it and set the +0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00004-00004812-00005610 W to 0.1 Add a mix node, set it to color and set factor to zero. Plug the color into B and this +0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00005-00005610-00006216 one into A. Plug the result into the offset of the set position node. Add a vector map node. Set the +0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00006-00006216-00007050 vector to -0.5 and now keyframe the rotation, here W here and here and the factor. By the way make +0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00007-00007050-00007722 sure you're on frame one when keyframing these. Set the end to 100 and the frame rate to 60. Go +0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00008-00007722-00008646 to frame 101, set the set rotation to 1080 and keyframe it. Now set this to 0.1 and keyframe it, +0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00009-00008646-00009384 set this one to -0.1 and keyframe it and set the factor 1 and keyframe it. Select all of +0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00010-00009384-00010068 the keyframe nodes here, press A and T and select linear. Add a subdivision surface node. As you can +0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00011-00010068-00010578 see we cannot use this on a curve so let's add a curve to mesh node. Set the level to +0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00012-00010578-00011292 two. Now add a mesh to curve node. Add a cone, set the vertices to 10, the side segments and +0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00013-00011292-00011988 fill segments to 32 and the radius bottom to 1.06. Duplicate the subdivision surface node +0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00014-00011988-00012540 and plug the mesh into the mesh and set this to 3. Let's also duplicate the set position node, +0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00015-00012540-00013091 plug the vector into the offset and the mesh into the geometry. I want the curve to shrink wrap +0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00016-00013091-00013697 around the cone basically so let's add a geometry proximity node. Again duplicate this position node +0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00017-00013697-00014322 and plug the position into the position. Duplicate the curve to mesh node and here let's use a curve +0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00018-00014322-00015018 circle. Set the radius to 0.05. Now add a set curve radius node. For the radius let's use a +0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00019-00015018-00015672 spline parameter node. Make sure to use the factor and now to invert this add a reverse curve node. +0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00020-00015672-00016254 Here let's also check fill caps. Duplicate this subdivision surface node that we set to 2 and put +0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00021-00016254-00016842 it here. Add a joint geometry node, take this geometry and plug it in here. Let's also add a +0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00022-00016842-00017412 set shade smooth node. Add a set material node, duplicate it and put it here. In the material +0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00023-00017412-00018018 properties create two new materials. Select the first one here and the second one here. Let's +0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00024-00018018-00018612 save. Now take the UV map output of the cone and plug it into the group output. Now press +0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00025-00018612-00019314 N and go to group and go to UV map and copy the name in the output attributes. Pace the name in +0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00026-00019314-00019914 here and hit enter. Save now and go to shading. Go into rendered view. You can find a link to +0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00027-00019914-00020574 this hdri in the description. Set the strength to 2.5. In the render properties go to film and make +0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00028-00020574-00021156 it transparent and enable transparent glass. Under color management set the view transform to filmic +0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00029-00021156-00021630 and the look to very high contrast. Make sure to set these settings back to the default settings +0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00030-00021630-00022146 before compiling the images. Make sure the second material is selected. This material is based on a +0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00031-00022146-00022680 material made by Ryan King. I'm going to put an info card to his videos here. Set the metallic +0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00032-00022680-00023376 to 1 add the roughness to 0.27. Add a color ramp. For the black I'm going to use this hex code and +0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00033-00023376-00023946 for the white I'm going to use this one. Plug the color into the base color add a musgrave texture +0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00034-00023946-00024540 and press Ctrl T. Delete the texture coordinate and add an attribute node. Now let's paste this +0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00035-00024540-00025092 name in here. Now if we Ctrl shift click on the node we have the UV map here. Plug the vector +0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00036-00025092-00025698 into the vector and the height into the factor here. Set the scale to 1000 and the detail to 15. +0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00037-00025698-00026345 Set the dimension to 0. Plug the vector into the normal and add a noise texture. Set the scale to +0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00038-00026345-00026964 12 and the detail to 15. Now add a bump node. Let's disconnect this and use the factor for +0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00039-00026964-00027594 the height. Set the strength to 0.008. Select the first material delete the principled bsdf +0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00040-00027594-00028230 and add a glass bsdf and Ctrl shift click on it. Now let's save again and go back to layout mode, +0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00041-00028230-00028764 press delete and one on the numpad, add a camera and press Ctrl Alt 0 to go into +0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00042-00028764-00029364 camera view and press G and Z and move it up. Now enable a snapping, set it to face project, +0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00043-00029364-00030089 add an empty, plane axis and press G and put it here. Now select the camera and go to the +0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00044-00030089-00030672 object data properties and enable depth of field. Select the empty. Let's go to rendered view. Set +0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00045-00030672-00031356 the F-stop to 0.2 and the blades to 16. Now let's save and press F12. Close this window and go to +0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00046-00031356-00032004 compositing. Enable use nodes and denoting data and add a denoise node. Ctrl shift click on the +0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00047-00032004-00032532 Node and now press shift and right click and drag over here. Add an Alpha overlay node. Plug the +0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00048-00032532-00033084 image into the bottom socket here. I am going to use this hex code. Add a color balance node. I'll +0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00049-00033084-00033618 put the hex codes for these on screen. Duplicate the alpha over node and again use the bottom +0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00050-00033618-00034320 socket and make this black. Add a box mask. Plug the mask Into the factor. Now set this to 0.9 and +0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00051-00034320-00035136 this to 0.45. Add a blur node. Set the X and Y to 300. Now add a mix node. Go to the texture +0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00052-00035136-00035790 properties, click on new and select clouds. Set the size to 0 and here let's use a texture +0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00053-00035790-00036252 node (Select the texture here). Set the factor to 0.03. In the output properties select an output +0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00054-00036252-00036894 folder. I'm going to use jpeg with the quality set 100. If you want to speed up the render you can go +0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00055-00036894-00037410 to the render properties and go to performance and enable persistent data. Just be careful with +0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00056-00037410-00037962 this because it can use a lot of memory. And you can also go here and enable lock interface. Now +0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00057-00037962-00038490 save again and press Ctrl F12. Feel free to like and subscribe. If you liked this tutorial then +0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00058-00038490-00038880 you’ll probably also like the tutorial that is on screen now. I'll see you next time. +0wWAlpu381A-00000-00000013-00000403 this! This will take my emeralds! +0wWAlpu381A-00001-00002815-00003015 shit.. +0xqlUqp581M-00000-00000000-00000488 Hey guys, this is Parker from Animoplex.com and I'm here to show you a new freebie +0xqlUqp581M-00001-00000488-00000834 called Kinetic Flame for After Effects CS5 or later. +0xqlUqp581M-00002-00000834-00001179 Now, this was designed to be an easy-to-use rig for animating abstract +0xqlUqp581M-00003-00001179-00001647 flame and fire effects and, as you can see, it resembles some sort of magical +0xqlUqp581M-00004-00001647-00001886 fire wisp that's very energetic. +0xqlUqp581M-00005-00001886-00002283 The only requirements for using this template is: 1) You must work in 32-bit +0xqlUqp581M-00006-00002283-00002768 color mode for the flame to render, and 2) you must have Trapcode Particular 2.0 +0xqlUqp581M-00007-00002768-00003340 or later installed on After Effects CS5. I'm going to give you a quick overview +0xqlUqp581M-00008-00003340-00003615 and then let you go experiment to your heart's content. +0xqlUqp581M-00009-00003660-00004072 Okay, so the first thing I'm going to do is open up the After Effects template +0xqlUqp581M-00010-00004074-00004412 with After Effects, I have CC14 here. +0xqlUqp581M-00011-00004412-00004846 Now, once it's open, you'll notice there's a single composition and two solids, +0xqlUqp581M-00012-00004846-00004974 so it's pretty simple. +0xqlUqp581M-00013-00005028-00005360 Now, there's a controller layer at the top of the composition. +0xqlUqp581M-00014-00005361-00005802 This is the backbone of the rig and it controls all the settings for how the +0xqlUqp581M-00015-00005802-00006252 flame interacts with your scene. Below that, you have two other important elements. +0xqlUqp581M-00016-00006252-00006618 One is the "Flame Source", which is a light object and it needs to have +0xqlUqp581M-00017-00006618-00006834 the first word "Flame" +0xqlUqp581M-00018-00006834-00007198 You'll notice if you change it to something else the flame disappears. +0xqlUqp581M-00019-00007198-00007866 That's because the controller is looking for a light object with the first word, "Flame" +0xqlUqp581M-00020-00007981-00008426 The other important element is the two Particular layers, and this contains all +0xqlUqp581M-00021-00008427-00008742 the Particular effects for the flame. +0xqlUqp581M-00022-00008742-00009090 You can have more than one light object in the scene, but just know that any +0xqlUqp581M-00023-00009090-00009606 changes made to the original "Light Source" layer in terms of velocity +0xqlUqp581M-00024-00009606-00010203 will affect the second layer. So if this light stops, (this was the original) this one +0xqlUqp581M-00025-00010203-00010545 will stop emitting particles because of it, even if it's still moving. +0xqlUqp581M-00026-00010545-00011032 Now the way to fix this is to set all four of these "Speed Affects..." properties to 0. +0xqlUqp581M-00027-00011032-00011462 Basically, this changes these lights to constant emission and now they can be +0xqlUqp581M-00028-00011463-00011813 moved independently with different velocities and it doesn't matter. +0xqlUqp581M-00029-00011906-00012438 On the "Controller" layer, the first slider here "Speed Display" is to display the current +0xqlUqp581M-00030-00012438-00012824 velocity of your light object. You can keyframe the light object position directly +0xqlUqp581M-00031-00012824-00013080 or parent it to another layer like I've done here. +0xqlUqp581M-00032-00013124-00013488 Other settings on the Controller layer reference this value and it's not +0xqlUqp581M-00033-00013488-00013779 meant to be keyframed, hence the title, "Display" +0xqlUqp581M-00034-00013779-00014166 Now the four "Speed Affects..." properties here allow you to choose if you want the +0xqlUqp581M-00035-00014166-00014590 number of particles emitted to be based on the light object's velocity, +0xqlUqp581M-00036-00014590-00015091 or constant emission, or a mixture in between. So here, I've set all of them to +0xqlUqp581M-00037-00015093-00015569 50% and it's blending halfway between velocity-driven and constant emission. +0xqlUqp581M-00038-00015569-00016041 You can play with these and see what effect you like. Now, "Particle Density" is +0xqlUqp581M-00039-00016041-00016440 just the number of particles emitted per second, so by default it's 150. I'm going +0xqlUqp581M-00040-00016440-00016740 to change it to 300, and you'll see twice as many particles here. +0xqlUqp581M-00041-00016778-00017388 "Flame Size" also dictates the size of each of these particles. +0xqlUqp581M-00042-00017444-00017920 Now you'll notice they just got much larger, you can also change the "Ember Size" +0xqlUqp581M-00043-00017920-00018448 and the "Dust Size" as well. But that's kinda crazy, so I'm going to undo that. +0xqlUqp581M-00044-00018534-00018952 The four "Color" settings here are pretty self-explanatory, so you can choose +0xqlUqp581M-00045-00018990-00019122 any color you'd like here. +0xqlUqp581M-00046-00019122-00019464 Now, keep in mind, on top of these "Color" selections, +0xqlUqp581M-00047-00019464-00019851 it's going to randomize them by another 30% to make the particles seem +0xqlUqp581M-00048-00019851-00020016 a little bit more alive. +0xqlUqp581M-00049-00020016-00020400 You get a little bit more variance in there. Now the "Brightness" setting is +0xqlUqp581M-00050-00020400-00020667 meant to just boost the brightness value. +0xqlUqp581M-00051-00020667-00021153 This is going to be really useful on lighter backgrounds. And finally, the four +0xqlUqp581M-00052-00021153-00021591 "Turbulence" effects here control how turbulent the flames, smoke and embers +0xqlUqp581M-00053-00021591-00021761 appear after emission. +0xqlUqp581M-00054-00021882-00022278 You can increase or decrease this rig size simply by changing the solid layer +0xqlUqp581M-00055-00022278-00022794 size from 1920 x 1080 to any size you'd like. The rig will scale and contract to +0xqlUqp581M-00056-00022794-00023187 any size although you may need to manually scale the "Size" settings and +0xqlUqp581M-00057-00023187-00023751 probably the "Particle Density" accordingly to avoid extremely small or large flame sizes. +0xqlUqp581M-00058-00023848-00024251 Now, one last note, if the "Controller" layer is removed or renamed, in this case +0xqlUqp581M-00059-00024251-00024635 I'm just going to delete it out of the composition, each property will revert to +0xqlUqp581M-00060-00024636-00025094 a default setting until the layer is restored. This is to avoid expression errors +0xqlUqp581M-00061-00025094-00025422 in your composition and can easily be fixed with an undo. +0xqlUqp581M-00062-00025474-00025789 Inspiration for this flame effect comes from a project called +0xqlUqp581M-00063-00025791-00026051 "Particular Nebula" by Mattrunks (www.mattrunks.com) +0xqlUqp581M-00064-00026051-00026378 and it's a really interesting effect. I've spent a lot of time working with it +0xqlUqp581M-00065-00026378-00026534 and creating this template. +0xqlUqp581M-00066-00026564-00026945 I've attempted to streamline the process based on my own uses and make it a +0xqlUqp581M-00067-00026945-00027389 really fast render as well. I hope this template is exactly what you're looking +0xqlUqp581M-00068-00027389-00027745 for and it inspires you to build something beautiful and unique. +0xqlUqp581M-00069-00027786-00028133 If you've created something with it or have any questions at all please leave +0xqlUqp581M-00070-00028133-00028480 me a comment or email me: support@animoplex.com +0xqlUqp581M-00071-00028480-00028672 and I'd love to take a look. +0xqlUqp581M-00072-00028706-00029054 If you're interested in a pre-built logo animation using this effect, +0xqlUqp581M-00073-00029055-00029380 I've got a template available for purchase and you can find the links below. +0xqlUqp581M-00074-00029380-00029774 It has pre-rendered effects, no need for plugins, but an optional project file +0xqlUqp581M-00075-00029774-00030039 with plugins is available if you want to customize it. +0xqlUqp581M-00076-00030082-00030310 As always, thanks for watching! +0xFA2HAAUoI-00000-00000000-00000591 Get out from Silver and Nova withthis tutorial +0xFA2HAAUoI-00001-00000591-00000991 CT +0xFA2HAAUoI-00002-00001550-00002475 *Rightclick* +0xFA2HAAUoI-00003-00003086-00004415 Enemy Perspective +0xFA2HAAUoI-00004-00004655-00005366 One-way in Aps +0xFA2HAAUoI-00005-00006501-00007231 The same One-way but easier and more risky +0xFA2HAAUoI-00006-00007231-00007556 Right click +0xFA2HAAUoI-00007-00007556-00008331 If you want to see how to use one in a real match, click the video I suggest you above +0xFA2HAAUoI-00008-00008800-00009444 Enemy Perspective +0xFA2HAAUoI-00009-00011052-00011612 *Left click* +0xFA2HAAUoI-00010-00012110-00013034 It's not too probable that the enemy could see you, but you'll see it first. +0xFA2HAAUoI-00011-00014033-00014506 Enemy Perspective +0xFA2HAAUoI-00012-00015905-00016295 *Right click* +0xFA2HAAUoI-00013-00016596-00017017 Just peek the necessary time +0xFA2HAAUoI-00014-00018718-00019013 *Right click* +0xFA2HAAUoI-00015-00021512-00022000 *You must keep holding both clicks* +0xFA2HAAUoI-00016-00023500-00023769 Enemy Perspective +0xFA2HAAUoI-00017-00024000-00025081 Here, two people are needed. One must get burned and the other must throw the smoke to the one who is burning. +0xFA2HAAUoI-00018-00025381-00025700 This is the result +0xFA2HAAUoI-00019-00026300-00026843 *You must keep holding both clicks* +0xFA2HAAUoI-00020-00027043-00027304 Enemy Perspective +0xFA2HAAUoI-00021-00028203-00028558 *Right click* +0xFA2HAAUoI-00022-00028759-00029294 Enemy perspective +0xFA2HAAUoI-00023-00030000-00030400 *You must keep holding both clicks* +0xFA2HAAUoI-00024-00030500-00031023 Enemy perspective +0yb6gPZmHJ4-00000-00000008-00000448 2020 was a great year, if you’re a masochist. Early in the year, bush fires killed 33 +0yb6gPZmHJ4-00001-00000448-00000888 Australians, the aptly named “Black Summer” (soon to be renamed to “Not-so-bright Summer” +0yb6gPZmHJ4-00002-00000888-00001368 due to racial undertones). Australia was turned into a post-apocalyptic hell zone. Skies were +0yb6gPZmHJ4-00003-00001368-00001864 turned blood red. People wore masks in order to not die. The fires gradually subsided but +0yb6gPZmHJ4-00004-00001864-00002304 were replaced with coronavirus. International and domestic borders were slammed shut. People +0yb6gPZmHJ4-00005-00002304-00002840 were fighting over toilet paper. Masks weren’t recommended. George Floyd died. Did he die from +0yb6gPZmHJ4-00006-00002840-00003336 excessive force? Did he die from a fentanyl and methamphetamine overdose? Did he die from COVID? +0yb6gPZmHJ4-00007-00003336-00003696 Doesn’t matter. Black Lives Matter and Antifa saw an opportunity to hit the streets and +0yb6gPZmHJ4-00008-00003696-00004208 burn down America. Masks were optional. Social distancing unnecessary. But of course, kneeling +0yb6gPZmHJ4-00009-00004208-00004752 was mandatory. Protesters burnt the American flag with impunity. Proud Boys burnt the BLM flag and +0yb6gPZmHJ4-00010-00004752-00005344 their leader was arrested. Masks became mandatory. Americans voted. Joe Biden ostensibly won, but he +0yb6gPZmHJ4-00011-00005344-00005880 let slip that it was actually Kamala Harris who will become president. All in all, 2020 was sh!t. +0zVuwPA5GMg-00000-00000040-00000744 it looks like after i left the links to my video that had no views, it ends up +0zVuwPA5GMg-00001-00000744-00001136 in number of disciplines. it went from zero to three in nine hours, +0zVuwPA5GMg-00002-00001136-00001655 which is much more than we expected, but its views went up at a constant pace, +0zVuwPA5GMg-00003-00001832-00002464 but this is very weird. i obviously got more this size for my latest video. +0CiYyj7QS_4-00000-00007542-00007742 [Radio Playing] Reports have also indicated that armed robbery +0CiYyj7QS_4-00001-00007742-00007920 carjacking and drug related crimes +0CiYyj7QS_4-00002-00007920-00008290 have registered at an all time record high in the Jomdon slum area +0CiYyj7QS_4-00003-00008342-00008906 The murder of the former CID agent has opened up investigations on tentative speculations concerning +0CiYyj7QS_4-00004-00008944-00009204 organized crimes in the dark alleys of Jomdon +0CiYyj7QS_4-00005-00009278-00009776 Files prepared by the detective on supposed criminal bigwigs are now at large. +0CiYyj7QS_4-00006-00009926-00010022 Hello Mojo +0CiYyj7QS_4-00007-00010060-00010124 -Stevo +0CiYyj7QS_4-00008-00010126-00010276 -Hello, Wassup +0CiYyj7QS_4-00009-00010310-00010578 Ah! This guy never has airtime +0CiYyj7QS_4-00010-00010730-00010818 - I have airtime man +0CiYyj7QS_4-00011-00010818-00010942 My phone had hung +0CiYyj7QS_4-00012-00011090-00011250 There is an ongoing crackdown, have you heard the news of late? +0CiYyj7QS_4-00013-00011258-00011356 There's going to be a lot of pressure +0CiYyj7QS_4-00014-00011408-00011610 You will have to stay alert +0CiYyj7QS_4-00015-00011684-00011978 Tell me something that I don't know. I know there is a crackdown +0CiYyj7QS_4-00016-00012040-00012248 Listen Steve, my guys are also in the mix +0CiYyj7QS_4-00017-00012248-00012486 If we are cought everyone goes down +0CiYyj7QS_4-00018-00012550-00012722 - So what do you suggest? +0CiYyj7QS_4-00019-00012722-00012986 - If you still have the footage we could review it +0CiYyj7QS_4-00020-00013030-00013274 I think I might recognize one of the guys who killed your father +0CiYyj7QS_4-00021-00013324-00013434 Recognize? +0CiYyj7QS_4-00022-00013497-00013719 What do you man you can recognize one of the... +0CiYyj7QS_4-00023-00013754-00013960 Didn't you say the footage cant really do much? +0CiYyj7QS_4-00024-00013960-00014106 [Phone disconects] +0CiYyj7QS_4-00025-00014462-00014618 [Rizzla] Shahidi +0CiYyj7QS_4-00026-00014791-00014952 Hello my name is Sally +0CiYyj7QS_4-00027-00014952-00015082 Ill be your waitress for today +0CiYyj7QS_4-00028-00015110-00015228 What can I get you? +0CiYyj7QS_4-00029-00015228-00015334 - Where is Shahidi? +0CiYyj7QS_4-00030-00015354-00015574 Uhm. She is out +0CiYyj7QS_4-00031-00015574-00015697 Her shift is over +0CiYyj7QS_4-00032-00015786-00015854 Oh really? +0CiYyj7QS_4-00033-00015966-00016158 and, whose phone is that ringing at the counter? +0CiYyj7QS_4-00034-00016244-00016392 Thats mine, ill just pick it. +0CiYyj7QS_4-00035-00016392-00016512 Excuse me +0CiYyj7QS_4-00036-00016700-00016812 Shahidi! +0CiYyj7QS_4-00037-00017156-00017284 Do we really have to do this now? +0CiYyj7QS_4-00038-00017284-00017438 I really have to go. +0CiYyj7QS_4-00039-00017438-00017638 [Mocking her] Do we have to do this? +0CiYyj7QS_4-00040-00017638-00017746 Shut up! +0CiYyj7QS_4-00041-00017864-00017942 Youll get me in... +0CiYyj7QS_4-00042-00017942-00018052 Sit down! +0CiYyj7QS_4-00043-00018544-00018744 Please, just leave me alone +0CiYyj7QS_4-00044-00020493-00021029 No, it doesn't work like that that man you're talking about happens to be my boss. Okay? +0CiYyj7QS_4-00045-00021105-00021788 You can go to tell your boss to quit stalking me. It's not that simple. He spent a lot in you honey. Let go of me +0CiYyj7QS_4-00046-00021788-00022310 I swear you call the police. Can you hear yourself? You're a criminal to surviving? That's my mercy +0CiYyj7QS_4-00047-00022383-00022583 Would you really want from me Riddler? +0CiYyj7QS_4-00048-00022722-00023335 Okay, I'll make it simple for you, okay, just stop it knowing my bosses calls you ain't here for me again ever +0CiYyj7QS_4-00049-00023418-00023618 You can tell him to go to hell +0CiYyj7QS_4-00050-00023676-00024040 Wow my boss might ignore those words, but me +0CiYyj7QS_4-00051-00037204-00037442 Listen I am NOT going to take any money from that man +0CiYyj7QS_4-00052-00037494-00038157 This is dirty money. It has blood dripping all over it. That man is a criminal please you have to listen to me +0CiYyj7QS_4-00053-00038228-00038332 Would you relax Sally? +0CiYyj7QS_4-00054-00038332-00038532 My man is not a criminal +0CiYyj7QS_4-00055-00038532-00038776 People cant see a man prosper without accusing him of illegal gains? +0CiYyj7QS_4-00056-00038796-00039402 No, I have had a lot of bad things about this guy people are saying the CID have him on their watch list +0CiYyj7QS_4-00057-00039458-00039736 Nonsense! He owns several flats around Jomdon +0CiYyj7QS_4-00058-00042036-00042198 [Mash] Catch him! +0CiYyj7QS_4-00059-00042296-00042416 get him! Get him! +0CiYyj7QS_4-00060-00042498-00042566 Catch him! +0CiYyj7QS_4-00061-00042566-00042642 Get that guy! +0CiYyj7QS_4-00062-00042642-00042802 You think you can run from us? +0CiYyj7QS_4-00063-00042880-00042980 Where did you get that stuff? +0CiYyj7QS_4-00064-00043076-00043126 What are you doing here? +0CiYyj7QS_4-00065-00043168-00043218 - I was jus.. +0CiYyj7QS_4-00066-00043218-00043276 - Who sent you here? +0CiYyj7QS_4-00067-00043298-00043434 Bruh I live in this neighborhood +0CiYyj7QS_4-00068-00043434-00043608 Wait a second +0CiYyj7QS_4-00069-00043738-00043846 What do we have here? +0CiYyj7QS_4-00070-00043994-00044194 He's got some premium product +0CiYyj7QS_4-00071-00044290-00044508 You! Where did you get this from? +0CiYyj7QS_4-00072-00044564-00044716 Go and tell whoever sent you +0CiYyj7QS_4-00073-00044734-00044866 Jomdon is our teritorry +0CiYyj7QS_4-00074-00044880-00044930 Is that clear? +0CiYyj7QS_4-00075-00044942-00045092 - I promise you, no one sent me here +0CiYyj7QS_4-00076-00045122-00045172 - Do you understand? +0CiYyj7QS_4-00077-00045186-00045340 We are going to hurt you badly +0CiYyj7QS_4-00078-00045340-00045444 Foolish child! +0CiYyj7QS_4-00079-00045518-00045582 You! +0CiYyj7QS_4-00080-00045700-00045842 What are you doing to that kid? +0CiYyj7QS_4-00081-00045866-00046020 Young man, hit the road +0CiYyj7QS_4-00082-00046020-00046126 Dont interrupt us +0CiYyj7QS_4-00083-00046132-00046266 - Mind your own business +0CiYyj7QS_4-00084-00046360-00046520 Ever since you left the ghetto +0CiYyj7QS_4-00085-00046526-00046694 You think you are the man! +0CiYyj7QS_4-00086-00048298-00048384 Very useless! +0CiYyj7QS_4-00087-00048428-00048628 You can't even fight off one man? +0CiYyj7QS_4-00088-00048646-00048924 Even with your height you still can't take down one guy? +0CiYyj7QS_4-00089-00048980-00049198 Listen! I need that kid delivered to me by sunrise tomorow +0DrHrUAo4Hk-00000-00000010-00000060 THEY START THEIR HOME SCHEDULE +0DrHrUAo4Hk-00001-00000060-00000066 THEY START THEIR HOME SCHEDULE +0DrHrUAo4Hk-00002-00000066-00000173 THEY START THEIR HOME SCHEDULE WITH A BANG. +0DrHrUAo4Hk-00003-00000173-00000180 THEY START THEIR HOME SCHEDULE WITH A BANG. +0DrHrUAo4Hk-00004-00000180-00000316 THEY START THEIR HOME SCHEDULE WITH A BANG. 5-1 THE FINAL TONIGHT. +0DrHrUAo4Hk-00005-00000316-00000323 WITH A BANG. 5-1 THE FINAL TONIGHT. +0DrHrUAo4Hk-00006-00000323-00000480 WITH A BANG. 5-1 THE FINAL TONIGHT. LET'S GO TO MOORHEAD, ROSEAU +0DrHrUAo4Hk-00007-00000480-00000487 5-1 THE FINAL TONIGHT. LET'S GO TO MOORHEAD, ROSEAU +0DrHrUAo4Hk-00008-00000487-00000720 5-1 THE FINAL TONIGHT. LET'S GO TO MOORHEAD, ROSEAU BOYS PAYING THE SPUDS A VISIT. +0DrHrUAo4Hk-00009-00000720-00000727 LET'S GO TO MOORHEAD, ROSEAU BOYS PAYING THE SPUDS A VISIT. +0DrHrUAo4Hk-00010-00000727-00000967 LET'S GO TO MOORHEAD, ROSEAU BOYS PAYING THE SPUDS A VISIT. AS WE KNOW, THIS MOORHEAD TEAM +0DrHrUAo4Hk-00011-00000967-00000974 BOYS PAYING THE SPUDS A VISIT. AS WE KNOW, THIS MOORHEAD TEAM +0DrHrUAo4Hk-00012-00000974-00001154 BOYS PAYING THE SPUDS A VISIT. AS WE KNOW, THIS MOORHEAD TEAM IS PRETTY GOOD. +0DrHrUAo4Hk-00013-00001154-00001161 AS WE KNOW, THIS MOORHEAD TEAM IS PRETTY GOOD. +0DrHrUAo4Hk-00014-00001161-00001307 AS WE KNOW, THIS MOORHEAD TEAM IS PRETTY GOOD. FROM THE POINT, THAT GETS THEM +0DrHrUAo4Hk-00015-00001307-00001314 IS PRETTY GOOD. FROM THE POINT, THAT GETS THEM +0DrHrUAo4Hk-00016-00001314-00001624 IS PRETTY GOOD. FROM THE POINT, THAT GETS THEM ON THE BOARD. +0DrHrUAo4Hk-00017-00001624-00001631 FROM THE POINT, THAT GETS THEM ON THE BOARD. +0DrHrUAo4Hk-00018-00001631-00001961 FROM THE POINT, THAT GETS THEM ON THE BOARD. THEN LATER COAL FROM -- COLE +0E8L_FSdSqy-00000-00002608-00003112 this video series is sponsored by american coffee and tea american coffee and tea is +0E8L_FSdSqy-00001-00003112-00003656 located at the corner of stonebrook parkway and the north dallas tollway uh right next to the +0E8L_FSdSqy-00002-00003711-00004344 shale station in frisco texas guys if if you pride yourself in supporting local businesses +0E8L_FSdSqy-00003-00004344-00005000 and you pride yours you pride you pride yourself in being patriotic and believe in in capitalism +0E8L_FSdSqy-00004-00005000-00005640 and and believe and the opportunity to forge your own path pathway in your business and in life then +0E8L_FSdSqy-00005-00005640-00006112 stop by american coffee and tea and support them the staff is fantastic they're friendly and and +0E8L_FSdSqy-00006-00006200-00007128 hospitable and and you just get a sense of of community and and uh i would say harmony when +0E8L_FSdSqy-00007-00007128-00007616 you go in there guys american coffee tea today i'm drinking the cobra it's very good and tasty it's +0E8L_FSdSqy-00008-00007616-00008216 robust i love it so make sure you stop by then when you get a chance in frisco texas hey what's +0E8L_FSdSqy-00009-00008216-00008568 up guys welcome to the rush out perspective you know every now and then you'll run into +0E8L_FSdSqy-00010-00008568-00008992 a person who you look in their eyes you can tell that they recognize their own humanity +0E8L_FSdSqy-00011-00009072-00009560 not only that but they also understand humanity is all about limitless empathy +0E8L_FSdSqy-00012-00009560-00010024 but born from born from the hearts understanding that another person is just as real as they are +0E8L_FSdSqy-00013-00010120-00010608 as a board member of operation carry international and a sponsor for fellowship power lunch +0E8L_FSdSqy-00014-00010608-00011152 katie andy makes it her mission to surrender a piece of herself in order to understand and +0E8L_FSdSqy-00015-00011152-00011752 identify with the journeys and sometimes the struggles people face she knows that her time +0E8L_FSdSqy-00016-00011752-00012232 and commitment to all these causes are part of a greater mission of helping people find +0E8L_FSdSqy-00017-00012232-00012752 peace and happiness in their lives so it's my great pleasure to introduce to you katie andy +0E8L_FSdSqy-00018-00012752-00013191 thank you russ katie it's a pleasure to have you here thank you it's a pleasure to be here +0E8L_FSdSqy-00019-00013463-00014063 did i get you i lost my voice there for a second all right awesome yeah i think i hit all points i +0E8L_FSdSqy-00020-00014063-00014591 feel that you know i see it when i look in your eyes i can tell you recognize your own humanity +0E8L_FSdSqy-00021-00014591-00015240 and and that that you give a piece of yourself to each of the organizations that you represent +0E8L_FSdSqy-00022-00015240-00015728 and and in that journey with people you get to understand them better +0E8L_FSdSqy-00023-00015728-00016312 and and you also it's your mission to help them find peace and joy in their lives so absolutely +0E8L_FSdSqy-00024-00016384-00016792 that's absolutely correct and i think that two key things you said there are surrender +0E8L_FSdSqy-00025-00016904-00017304 surrendering a piece of yourself because that's really what we're doing but when we surrender that +0E8L_FSdSqy-00026-00017304-00018128 we gain so much back that's awesome i might get emotional okay you know okay okay so let's start +0E8L_FSdSqy-00027-00018128-00018576 off by first i want to tell you that i admire and appreciate the work you do in the community we've +0E8L_FSdSqy-00028-00018576-00019120 worked together on many projects and i've always find this joyful heart a joyful hope and heart +0E8L_FSdSqy-00029-00019120-00019656 from you and it's it's a great it's a it's great to be partnering with you on on these things too i +0E8L_FSdSqy-00030-00019656-00020152 want you to know that thank you that feeling goes both way rush awesome okay well first things first +0E8L_FSdSqy-00031-00020216-00020760 let's start off by paying respect to black history month okay by saying happy black history month to +0E8L_FSdSqy-00032-00020760-00021360 you and your family talk to me a little bit about what black history month month means to to you you +0E8L_FSdSqy-00033-00021360-00021976 and your family so being a blended family i think that it's important that we celebrate all cultures +0E8L_FSdSqy-00034-00022040-00022464 god didn't create any one culture better than the other he didn't create any one race better than +0E8L_FSdSqy-00035-00022464-00022968 the other we're all brothers and sisters and that blended nation right that is what we're +0E8L_FSdSqy-00036-00022968-00023464 called to be we're called to collaborate to create together to communicate to cooperate +0E8L_FSdSqy-00037-00023520-00024104 and i think that it's important because we've had a marginalized piece of our society that has not +0E8L_FSdSqy-00038-00024104-00024848 been given proper credit for their contributions to society and science art math industry +0E8L_FSdSqy-00039-00024848-00025488 manufacturing and so to have a particular month that we can set aside and learn and truly learn +0E8L_FSdSqy-00040-00025488-00025968 the things that aren't taught in the textbooks because they've been taken out or eliminated or +0E8L_FSdSqy-00041-00025968-00026560 oppressed it's important that all of us are part of that conversation and that we learn truth and +0E8L_FSdSqy-00042-00026560-00027016 so to me that's what the month represents it's an opportunity for us to all come to the table +0E8L_FSdSqy-00043-00027080-00027600 good bad and ugly and to talk about truth and to give credit where credit's due absolutely you know +0E8L_FSdSqy-00044-00027808-00028224 martin luther king you know there are points in history that really stand out +0E8L_FSdSqy-00045-00028224-00028672 you know for african americans black history month and just black history period +0E8L_FSdSqy-00046-00028672-00029232 um is there one specific piece of history that you go this one's the most significant one that +0E8L_FSdSqy-00047-00029232-00029600 impacts me the most there are there are so many and for me and i remember this going all the way +0E8L_FSdSqy-00048-00029600-00030160 back to i think probably my fifth grade year right but it stuck with me but harriet tubman +0E8L_FSdSqy-00049-00030224-00031127 absolutely is my hero she is somebody who um shows what it is to take courage to surrender +0E8L_FSdSqy-00050-00031127-00031568 yourself to surrender maybe pieces of your own freedom so that you can go back and get others +0E8L_FSdSqy-00051-00031568-00032176 and bring them out and so just her courage her tenacity and she did this all the way through +0E8L_FSdSqy-00052-00032176-00032727 the end of her life and so she definitely somebody i celebrate but there's so many great prophets and +0E8L_FSdSqy-00053-00032727-00033408 activists and people that god has sent into the world we just have to listen and not crucify them +0E8L_FSdSqy-00054-00033408-00034016 yeah perfectly said i agree with you 100 on harriet tubman and so many others oh so many yes +0E8L_FSdSqy-00055-00034016-00034600 yeah okay so talk to me okay you let's transition you work it you work with interleague mortgage +0E8L_FSdSqy-00056-00034600-00035072 and what do you what do you guys do over in our league so interlink mortgage is a mortgage banker +0E8L_FSdSqy-00057-00035072-00035576 we provide financing to first-time home buyers second-time homebuyers purchasing your dream home +0E8L_FSdSqy-00058-00035576-00036144 investment property basically the way i look at my role and this is my 24th year in the mortgage +0E8L_FSdSqy-00059-00036144-00036648 industry but i'm here to help i'm here to help people realize the dream of home ownership and +0E8L_FSdSqy-00060-00036648-00037160 we have lots of different programs from zero down products down payment assistance we have jumbo +0E8L_FSdSqy-00061-00037160-00037632 loans bank statement programs so lots of different tools in our toolbox to help people achieve that +0E8L_FSdSqy-00062-00037632-00038144 dream that's awesome you've been 24 years in the mortgage industry that's like a lot it's a +0E8L_FSdSqy-00063-00038304-00038736 legacy of body of work that can be much appreciated and valued if someone reaches +0E8L_FSdSqy-00064-00038736-00039384 out to you if someone reached out to you where would they go so they can find me at www.kandylon +0E8L_FSdSqy-00065-00039488-00039768 you can also find me on facebook my phone number is +0E8L_FSdSqy-00066-00040704-00041008 the industry and 817-807-5367 products and programs available as well +0E8L_FSdSqy-00067-00041072-00041480 one of the things that i love being in the industry as long as i have been +0E8L_FSdSqy-00068-00041480-00041928 is that i'm starting to get the next generation i'm starting to get the kids of families that i +0E8L_FSdSqy-00069-00041928-00042368 closed whenever i was still just a processor so it's pretty exciting that's crazy that's like +0E8L_FSdSqy-00070-00042368-00042832 that's like i'm sure you're like wow that's like an awesome it's so fun it's so fun that's so cool +0E8L_FSdSqy-00071-00042832-00043408 okay you're also a board member of operation care international and a sponsor for sponsor +0E8L_FSdSqy-00072-00043408-00043856 for fellowship power lunch talk to me a little bit about each of those organizations so let me +0E8L_FSdSqy-00073-00043856-00044280 start with fellowship power lunch because that's actually how i got connected with operation care +0E8L_FSdSqy-00074-00044344-00044832 so fellowship power lunch we just celebrated our sixth year and this was a vision that lisa +0E8L_FSdSqy-00075-00044832-00045320 k gurney had had that god had placed on her hearts a few years before she actually stepped +0E8L_FSdSqy-00076-00045320-00046016 out in faith and basically fellowship power lunch brings speakers authors people from the political +0E8L_FSdSqy-00077-00046016-00046736 atmosphere from sports from media but they bring she brings them in to speak to a group +0E8L_FSdSqy-00078-00046736-00047144 of people right we're just it's fellowship it's not networking it's an opportunity to step away +0E8L_FSdSqy-00079-00047144-00047672 from your busyness and connect with other people receive a good lunch and receive a good word right +0E8L_FSdSqy-00080-00047672-00048280 and it's nourishing for the soul and the body fellowship power launch in 2016 in november +0E8L_FSdSqy-00081-00048280-00048936 susie jennings who's the founder of operation care was our guest speaker and susie's story touched me +0E8L_FSdSqy-00082-00048936-00049464 in such a poignant way that i immediately signed up to volunteer for their annual +0E8L_FSdSqy-00083-00049464-00049984 christmas party for jesus which is a christmas event serving our homeless community and our +0E8L_FSdSqy-00084-00049984-00050560 severely impoverished families so it immediately spoke to me i grew up in poverty so i understand +0E8L_FSdSqy-00085-00050560-00051056 what that struggle is like and i believe that when we have been blessed to come up out of +0E8L_FSdSqy-00086-00051056-00051504 that it is our responsibility to turn around and then bless others and help them along the way +0E8L_FSdSqy-00087-00051504-00051984 so a hand up not a handout but finding a way to connect with people and show them that there +0E8L_FSdSqy-00088-00052048-00052472 is a way forward and where they are today isn't necessarily where they're going to end up +0E8L_FSdSqy-00089-00052472-00053016 and so it represented a lot of hope and it represented um an opportunity for me to share +0E8L_FSdSqy-00090-00053016-00053679 my time and my talent and my treasure so i started out as a volunteer that first year and my daughter +0E8L_FSdSqy-00091-00053679-00054367 at the time served with me and from there we've served pretty much every year since and in 2000 +0E8L_FSdSqy-00092-00054496-00055144 i think 2019 i was able to bring interlink family foundation on as a partner with operation care +0E8L_FSdSqy-00093-00055144-00055664 in the way of grant money and so i've been able to do that for the last couple of years +0E8L_FSdSqy-00094-00055664-00056384 with operation care and in 2021 susie jennings asked me if i would consider prayerfully consider +0E8L_FSdSqy-00095-00056384-00057008 being a board member which i did i am very protective of my time so i want to make sure that +0E8L_FSdSqy-00096-00057008-00057776 if i'm saying yes that i'm saying yes to the right thing and the right time because i am a mother i +0E8L_FSdSqy-00097-00057776-00058360 am a wife and that that's my first ministry but it's been a blessing to be a part of the board +0E8L_FSdSqy-00098-00058360-00058904 and to see what all actually goes into bringing those events to the community +0E8L_FSdSqy-00099-00058904-00059704 but also understanding the operation care is not just that one event they provide um they provide +0E8L_FSdSqy-00100-00059872-00060328 tangible items to the homeless community and the impoverished community throughout +0E8L_FSdSqy-00101-00060328-00060752 the year through their st joseph storehouse so it's an ongoing ministry it's just that that's +0E8L_FSdSqy-00102-00060752-00061200 that's one main event that they do each year that's awesome yeah i love it yeah it sounds like +0E8L_FSdSqy-00103-00061200-00061791 a very impactful um event both organizations i'm familiar with uh fellowship power lynch because i +0E8L_FSdSqy-00104-00061791-00062432 do a lot of work with y'all and um but man the uh operation care international is pretty impactful +0E8L_FSdSqy-00105-00062432-00063240 okay next question is how important are these organizations to to the community they both serve +0E8L_FSdSqy-00106-00063312-00063912 a purpose to connect people and to help people right that is probably the biggest +0E8L_FSdSqy-00107-00063912-00064304 thing i think that we've been missing in the last few years especially with covid is we are +0E8L_FSdSqy-00108-00064384-00065064 we've lost a lot of connection we've been so isolated and so even during cove fellowship was +0E8L_FSdSqy-00109-00065064-00065608 able to meet via zoom so we still had our monthly luncheons with our speakers and we were able to +0E8L_FSdSqy-00110-00065608-00066224 use technology to still bring people together and during that time our membership actually grew +0E8L_FSdSqy-00111-00066280-00066832 because people were able to attend a little bit more easily via the zoom connection than taking +0E8L_FSdSqy-00112-00066832-00067392 time out and driving and going to the event whenever it was at crest infinity but what +0E8L_FSdSqy-00113-00067392-00067904 we found is that people were hungry for that connection people still needed that personal +0E8L_FSdSqy-00114-00067904-00068336 touch and that's really what fellowship is all about like i said it's not a networking event +0E8L_FSdSqy-00115-00068336-00068912 it's a connection event it is an opportunity to go and connect and to to meet other people +0E8L_FSdSqy-00116-00068912-00069520 that maybe share similar stories and we just recently had jim monroe who's an author and a +0E8L_FSdSqy-00117-00069520-00069904 speaker and a skeptic and a lot of people probably know him from his i am second +0E8L_FSdSqy-00118-00069976-00070616 and that was probably out of the six years that we've been hosting that event it was one of the +0E8L_FSdSqy-00119-00070616-00071240 most impactful that we've experienced so far but for me being able to connect with people +0E8L_FSdSqy-00120-00071296-00071864 in a meaningful way with authenticity and being genuine that's what we're called to do +0E8L_FSdSqy-00121-00071864-00072280 none of us are called to live in isolation you know no man is an island unto himself +0E8L_FSdSqy-00122-00072280-00072984 right and so when we step out of our comfort zone and we step out of ourselves and we help others +0E8L_FSdSqy-00123-00073120-00073680 it will multiply yeah you know i kind of call it god's divine math you know whatever burdens +0E8L_FSdSqy-00124-00073680-00074456 we carry are divided and whatever joys we share become multiplied so these sorts of events allow +0E8L_FSdSqy-00125-00074456-00075016 us to multiply the blessings that we've been given that's amazing i love that okay how's +0E8L_FSdSqy-00126-00075016-00075760 it go again so god's a divine math right so our burdens when we share them become divided and our +0E8L_FSdSqy-00127-00075760-00076504 joys when we share them become multiplied i love that yes okay being part of these organizations +0E8L_FSdSqy-00128-00076504-00076936 is there a story or an experience that sticks out in your mind that has impacted you the most +0E8L_FSdSqy-00129-00077056-00077792 so they both have different things right with operation care i think on a personal level where +0E8L_FSdSqy-00130-00077792-00078320 it really impacted me the first year i served in toys so i was in the back i didn't really get to +0E8L_FSdSqy-00131-00078320-00078864 experience the event and in the front i didn't get to see the people right i was just bagging toys +0E8L_FSdSqy-00132-00078952-00079432 the my daughter who went with me at the time was 15 was originally going to serve in the +0E8L_FSdSqy-00133-00079432-00079848 santa area to take pictures right that's where she was comfortable but right across from that +0E8L_FSdSqy-00134-00079848-00080384 is the family foot washing station and this is where children come and have their feet washed +0E8L_FSdSqy-00135-00080384-00080952 and they get new socks and new shoes and i'm telling you what a beautiful thing right yeah +0E8L_FSdSqy-00136-00080952-00081552 i had kind of wanted her to serve there but at 15 didn't know if i was a seller on that right well +0E8L_FSdSqy-00137-00081552-00082080 they were short-handed there they were over over volunteered in the santa station and they came +0E8L_FSdSqy-00138-00082080-00082576 over and asked her volunteers and she said i'll go wow and of course as a mom i was so proud right +0E8L_FSdSqy-00139-00082640-00083136 so but i didn't know this until after the event so she comes and she tells me and she's excited and +0E8L_FSdSqy-00140-00083136-00083928 she's also softened yeah and she goes mom she goes seeing the look on these kids faces she goes this +0E8L_FSdSqy-00141-00083928-00084536 is where we have to serve this is where we have to serve every single year she goes being able to +0E8L_FSdSqy-00142-00084600-00085088 talk to this child to connect with his child to make them laugh and to see them get this pair of +0E8L_FSdSqy-00143-00085088-00085800 shoes it seems like something that is so small but the following year when we did serve there +0E8L_FSdSqy-00144-00085872-00086400 i caught what she caught yeah and it is that humanity yeah and for a lot of these +0E8L_FSdSqy-00145-00086400-00087016 children this is their pair of shoes for the year they don't go in their closet and have +0E8L_FSdSqy-00146-00087016-00087576 eight pairs of shoes to choose from they have one pair and as that pair starts to fall apart +0E8L_FSdSqy-00147-00087704-00088184 they just have to walk through it through the holes in their shoes and we will see children +0E8L_FSdSqy-00148-00088184-00088872 year after year and we get to see them grow yeah and hopefully my goal is that we stop +0E8L_FSdSqy-00149-00088872-00089384 seeing some of those children that maybe they are able to raise up out of that that mom and dad are +0E8L_FSdSqy-00150-00089384-00089880 given opportunity that maybe this is just a season but they are going to come out of it +0E8L_FSdSqy-00151-00089880-00090608 but that's the hope that we want to sow is that each season that you go through there is hope +0E8L_FSdSqy-00152-00090608-00091088 on the other side of that that your station could be better that your opportunity could be better +0E8L_FSdSqy-00153-00091088-00091760 life can change like that yeah and so if we can sow that hope and share that love and really just +0E8L_FSdSqy-00154-00091848-00092384 share the humanity right you know i see you yeah and i want to see you smile i want to make you +0E8L_FSdSqy-00155-00092384-00092864 laugh yeah i want to love on you a little bit awesome you know yeah so it's fantastic it's +0E8L_FSdSqy-00156-00092864-00093352 beautiful i got a little choked up i'll be honest with you i really did it's emotional you know um +0E8L_FSdSqy-00157-00093352-00094040 people don't understand these the spiritual significance of washing someone's feet and +0E8L_FSdSqy-00158-00094040-00094560 and you know the connection with christ and so that's a beautiful expression too +0E8L_FSdSqy-00159-00094560-00095072 in its own right too you know and that's that is exactly susie's vision for that that's that is one +0E8L_FSdSqy-00160-00095072-00095552 of the reasons that the foot washing station both on the homeless side and on the family side it is +0E8L_FSdSqy-00161-00095552-00096192 a signature piece and that's what she started with and so internationally the countries that we adopt +0E8L_FSdSqy-00162-00096256-00096832 that is the signature event that takes place so there is evangelism there there's the foot washing +0E8L_FSdSqy-00163-00096832-00097408 there's the new shoes in texas obviously we've got the toys and we have the meals and all of that too +0E8L_FSdSqy-00164-00097408-00097968 but in the other countries that she goes to the signature thing that we do is wash the feet of +0E8L_FSdSqy-00165-00097968-00098456 the children and the homeless and provide them new shoes and it is that that is the example +0E8L_FSdSqy-00166-00098456-00099048 christ gave us as far as serving he didn't come so that he could be served he came so that he could +0E8L_FSdSqy-00167-00099048-00099664 serve yeah what have you learned about humanity being part of these organizations that there's +0E8L_FSdSqy-00168-00099664-00100352 hope yeah um you know there's so many things going on in the world right now that we could focus on +0E8L_FSdSqy-00169-00100448-00101416 that could take our peace away but being part of a organization that is bigger than yourself +0E8L_FSdSqy-00170-00101416-00102064 and that is actually doing work in the community it connects you to the good things to the joy +0E8L_FSdSqy-00171-00102136-00102783 to you know when you pour love out you can't help but open up and have love poured back in and +0E8L_FSdSqy-00172-00102848-00103728 um i can't imagine a life where i'm not serving anymore and there were many years that i didn't +0E8L_FSdSqy-00173-00103728-00104224 there were many years i was tied up in my own business and my own goals and what i thought +0E8L_FSdSqy-00174-00104224-00104935 was important but in 2014 god really got a hold of me and you know he brought me out of a very +0E8L_FSdSqy-00175-00104935-00105535 very dark place he set me in a new place and it was a place for me to surrender my life to him +0E8L_FSdSqy-00176-00105600-00106320 and to really trust his process and his order to things and knowing what he brought me out of +0E8L_FSdSqy-00177-00106320-00106824 how can i not give back how can i not pour back that hope and others knowing what he's +0E8L_FSdSqy-00178-00106824-00107280 done for me how can i not share that with other people that he can do that for you too amen +0E8L_FSdSqy-00179-00107280-00107935 yeah awesome okay sponsorship within a community organization what are what are a couple of tips +0E8L_FSdSqy-00180-00107935-00108416 to gain sponsorship for like you know like your organizations that you're part of what are some +0E8L_FSdSqy-00181-00108416-00108848 some tips that you could give somebody who has an organization's how do i get i need sponsors i need +0E8L_FSdSqy-00182-00108848-00109448 sponsors for an event i need sponsors for a gala i want to host what are a couple of tips that you've +0E8L_FSdSqy-00183-00109448-00110000 you've kind of learned in the in being a part of uh um being a sponsor number one and being a +0E8L_FSdSqy-00184-00110000-00110840 board member so start small right it doesn't have to be a great big event yeah it can be something +0E8L_FSdSqy-00185-00110840-00111328 small i mean for me i had never thought about sponsoring an event like fellowship power launch +0E8L_FSdSqy-00186-00111328-00111911 before until lisa king came to me about it right and i was like yeah this sounds great let's do +0E8L_FSdSqy-00187-00111911-00112359 it and here we are six years later and i'm still a sponsor and we've seen so many sponsors come along +0E8L_FSdSqy-00188-00112488-00113088 we need money right organizations like operation care fellowship interlink family foundation +0E8L_FSdSqy-00189-00113159-00113608 all of the non-profits and this even in the veteran community all of the non-profits +0E8L_FSdSqy-00190-00113608-00114200 are serving the community their boots on ground right all of that takes dollars but if you start +0E8L_FSdSqy-00191-00114200-00114816 small if you start well what can i give first of all what's important to me yeah find something +0E8L_FSdSqy-00192-00114816-00115400 that makes your heart sing find an organization that speaks to something inside of you because +0E8L_FSdSqy-00193-00115400-00115896 i guarantee that everything that each one of us has gone through as a child and a teenager +0E8L_FSdSqy-00194-00115896-00116568 and as an adult there's something in our life that touched us in a certain way find the organizations +0E8L_FSdSqy-00195-00116568-00117016 that are doing that work because that's where you'll find the human connection that's where +0E8L_FSdSqy-00196-00117016-00117559 it will have meaning and then from there where can i put my dollars where can i put my time my +0E8L_FSdSqy-00197-00117559-00118168 talent my treasure and for sponsors same thing you know what does your organization represent +0E8L_FSdSqy-00198-00118224-00118872 and what organizations within the community that are doing that work who can you connect with to +0E8L_FSdSqy-00199-00118872-00119720 put your corporate dollars as a sponsor to help bring those events or supplies or therapy or +0E8L_FSdSqy-00200-00119792-00120240 um make a wish sort of things i mean there's so many needs that can be met but find the +0E8L_FSdSqy-00201-00120240-00120583 organizations that are meeting the need and put your time talent and treasure there +0E8L_FSdSqy-00202-00120704-00121152 and then as far as this is something i had never fundraised before fellowship power lunch and +0E8L_FSdSqy-00203-00121152-00121496 before our first annual veterans appreciation event which you walked through that with us +0E8L_FSdSqy-00204-00121656-00122368 it's amazing if you ask most people have a heart to give some people just don't know where to give +0E8L_FSdSqy-00205-00122368-00123040 right so don't be afraid to ask and let them know what you're about be transparent and let them know +0E8L_FSdSqy-00206-00123040-00123568 you know no matter how small that seed is how much that donation is it will make a difference because +0E8L_FSdSqy-00207-00123568-00124096 if we have a hundred people making a one dollar donation that's a hundred dollars that we've just +0E8L_FSdSqy-00208-00124096-00124640 raised right and then you multiply that so we all have social networks but we also have our inner +0E8L_FSdSqy-00209-00124640-00125232 sphere so i always start with that inner sphere you know go go small yeah but then also use the +0E8L_FSdSqy-00210-00125232-00125864 social media platforms to go big yeah katie it's always this has been a wonderful conversation +0E8L_FSdSqy-00211-00125864-00126535 enlightenment of who you are the embodiment of of of humanity your contributions to the community +0E8L_FSdSqy-00212-00126535-00127168 how you're motivated by by helping others achieve their their happiness and personal uh fulfillment +0E8L_FSdSqy-00213-00127168-00127592 for their lives and i'm honored to know you and work with you all the time and it's it's +0E8L_FSdSqy-00214-00127592-00127976 been a great pleasure to sit down and and have a conversation with you about the the things that +0E8L_FSdSqy-00215-00127976-00128600 are important in your life and your mission and going on in the community so i appreciate you +0E8L_FSdSqy-00216-00128600-00129008 i ask you real quick before we wrap up are there any events that we need to know about that are +0E8L_FSdSqy-00217-00129008-00129680 coming up uh with uh with opposition operation uh care international or fellowship powerlifting yes +0E8L_FSdSqy-00218-00129680-00130159 so both so fellowship power lunch meets the third tuesday of every month um we are going to have a +0E8L_FSdSqy-00219-00130159-00130632 new location in march so look for that on social media on facebook under fellowship power lunch +0E8L_FSdSqy-00220-00130632-00131080 or you can look us up on fellowshipperlaunch.com we do meet monthly and then we're about to have +0E8L_FSdSqy-00221-00131080-00131608 our fourth annual veterans appreciation event in november we are looking for corporate sponsors as +0E8L_FSdSqy-00222-00131608-00132088 well as individual sponsors as well as volunteers and veterans this is free to veterans and their +0E8L_FSdSqy-00223-00132088-00132680 spouse it is an opportunity for us to thank them to honor them just appreciate them we always have +0E8L_FSdSqy-00224-00132680-00133408 a great speaker for that event as far as operation care goes we have a love banquet coming up the +0E8L_FSdSqy-00225-00133408-00134096 saturday it's easter weekend so it's it's the saturday before easter and it is at esp which is +0E8L_FSdSqy-00226-00134096-00134904 a former strip club turned into a church downtown right yeah yes so restoration and a lot of ways +0E8L_FSdSqy-00227-00134904-00135568 and we will be serving the homeless an incredible banquet we have a company that comes they have +0E8L_FSdSqy-00228-00135568-00136176 mobile showers and so the homeless can come get a shower they can get fed again the foot washing is +0E8L_FSdSqy-00229-00136176-00136608 part of that event as well and then we also have some great entertainment lined up i think we have +0E8L_FSdSqy-00230-00136608-00137104 some magicians coming in this year to entertain while they have lunch but it's just an opportunity +0E8L_FSdSqy-00231-00137104-00137672 for us to love them them easter weekend awesome katie it's a pleasure to have you again um i +0E8L_FSdSqy-00232-00137672-00138104 love you very much as a friend his sister in christ and uh and i look forward to seeing you +0E8L_FSdSqy-00233-00138104-00138616 at all the amazing events and i definitely want to partner up with you on operation care now to carry +0E8L_FSdSqy-00234-00138616-00139080 international so we'll do that okay wonderful rush thank you again so much for having me awesome +0E8L_FSdSqy-00235-00139080-00140184 guys that's it for the rush out perspective as i always say the ocean refuses no river +0E8L_FSdSqy-00236-00142512-00142520 you +0F2jdODNpno-00000-00000836-00000994 CHAIRMAN KAYE: Good morning. +0F2jdODNpno-00001-00000994-00001486 Welcome to this Public Meeting of the United States Consumer Product Safety Commission. +0F2jdODNpno-00002-00001486-00001780 We have one item on the Agenda today. +0F2jdODNpno-00003-00001780-00002529 We are having a Public Hearing on a Petition submitted asking the Commission to act +0F2jdODNpno-00004-00002529-00002985 on a class of flame retardants known as organohalogens. +0F2jdODNpno-00005-00002985-00003354 I'm going to start with a series of three apologies. +0F2jdODNpno-00006-00003354-00003663 First, our regular hearing room is under renovation. +0F2jdODNpno-00007-00003663-00003983 This is not our regular hearing room, if anyone thought it was. +0F2jdODNpno-00008-00003983-00004567 So we're making the best of it and we are appreciative of everyone accommodating as best +0F2jdODNpno-00009-00004567-00005074 as they can the differences of how we have to do things today, both in this room and getting back +0F2jdODNpno-00010-00005074-00005581 and forth from this room and as the logistical questions arise, if you have any questions, +0F2jdODNpno-00011-00005581-00005943 Patricia Adkins, I believe, is -- she's in the back of the room, if you turn around, +0F2jdODNpno-00012-00005943-00006106 and she's going to pick up her hand. +0F2jdODNpno-00013-00006106-00006450 That's Patricia, if you have any logistical questions. +0F2jdODNpno-00014-00006450-00006970 Second apology is that everybody's testimony matters, whether they're in person +0F2jdODNpno-00015-00006970-00007339 or on the phone, and we've an incredibly tight schedule and so we're going +0F2jdODNpno-00016-00007339-00007734 to be pretty vigilant about the time and we're going to ask folks -- +0F2jdODNpno-00017-00007734-00008044 one, we're going to apologize upfront about having to cut people off if they go +0F2jdODNpno-00018-00008044-00008293 over their time and we're going to hold ourselves accountable +0F2jdODNpno-00019-00008293-00008554 to that same time, but it's really important. +0F2jdODNpno-00020-00008554-00008845 When we've had these in the past, we know it can be frustrating +0F2jdODNpno-00021-00008845-00009286 for people whose testimony is toward the end, people have flights and other arrangements +0F2jdODNpno-00022-00009286-00009578 that they're trying to make, and we want to stick to that schedule +0F2jdODNpno-00023-00009578-00009953 because it matters whether they're going early, middle, or end. +0F2jdODNpno-00024-00009953-00010326 The third apology is that at some point today, I'm going to have to turn this +0F2jdODNpno-00025-00010326-00010739 over to Vice Chairman Adler to my left. +0F2jdODNpno-00026-00010739-00011391 Unfortunately, I had a knee issue arise that requires more medical attention later today +0F2jdODNpno-00027-00011391-00011594 and so I can't be here for the whole hearing. +0F2jdODNpno-00028-00011594-00011894 I will watch online as much as I can when I'm not in the room +0F2jdODNpno-00029-00011894-00012208 and I'll certainly make sure to watch the recorded version. +0F2jdODNpno-00030-00012208-00012523 This is a really important issue for all of us. +0F2jdODNpno-00031-00012523-00013062 I've spent a lot of time since I've been in this position trying to attempt to begin +0F2jdODNpno-00032-00013062-00013427 to crack the nut of chemical exposure to children. +0F2jdODNpno-00033-00013427-00013732 It's a frustrating -- and I'm not speaking for my colleagues. +0F2jdODNpno-00034-00013732-00014049 They'll be speaking for themselves quite eloquently. +0F2jdODNpno-00035-00014049-00014646 As a parent in particular, it's a very frustrating public policy posture for me +0F2jdODNpno-00036-00014646-00015027 that we have to wait to find out that our children might have been exposed +0F2jdODNpno-00037-00015027-00015647 to a very harmful chemical and those changes might be reparable for us to act, +0F2jdODNpno-00038-00015647-00016306 us meaning the U.S. Government, or even industry to act to try to take that chemical out of play +0F2jdODNpno-00039-00016306-00016879 and then even when -- the way the process works is even when that chemical is taken out of play, +0F2jdODNpno-00040-00016879-00017126 we often don't know what's coming in behind it. +0F2jdODNpno-00041-00017126-00017529 The term "regrettable substitution" will come up often today, I'm sure. +0F2jdODNpno-00042-00017529-00017897 I think there's a better public policy route to be taking so that we are figuring +0F2jdODNpno-00043-00017897-00018472 out alternatives that actually work and not continuing to whack-a-mole, +0F2jdODNpno-00044-00018472-00019023 get rid of a chemical that doesn't work and wait to see in 20 years whether the next generation +0F2jdODNpno-00045-00019023-00019386 of children has been exposed, and it's not only flame retardants. +0F2jdODNpno-00046-00019386-00019690 There's many other chemicals, many other products, +0F2jdODNpno-00047-00019690-00019951 areas beyond our jurisdiction of routes of exposure. +0F2jdODNpno-00048-00019951-00020579 We're not only talking about CPSC-related items but there has to be a better way and for me, +0F2jdODNpno-00049-00020579-00021235 sitting in this seat as a public policy-maker, all I want to know is does the action +0F2jdODNpno-00050-00021235-00021673 that we take make a difference for safety for children? +0F2jdODNpno-00051-00021673-00022237 And for those who I will be asking questions of, if we take the action requested +0F2jdODNpno-00052-00022237-00022751 or take a different action requested or don't take this action, how will we, the five of us, +0F2jdODNpno-00053-00022751-00023584 know that the choices we make will definitively make consumers, especially children, safer? +0F2jdODNpno-00054-00023584-00023771 That is my primary motivation. +0F2jdODNpno-00055-00023771-00024163 We want to make sure that whatever we do is actually going to help. +0F2jdODNpno-00056-00024163-00024539 And this, unlike taking out something like lead in children's products, +0F2jdODNpno-00057-00024539-00024820 this is a much more complicated public policy area +0F2jdODNpno-00058-00024820-00025095 because there are two potential hazards at play. +0F2jdODNpno-00059-00025095-00025445 There's the acute fire hazard, which obviously needs to be addressed, +0F2jdODNpno-00060-00025445-00025752 whether that's through some type of chemical or not, and I'll leave that up to others +0F2jdODNpno-00061-00025752-00026095 to decide, but the fire hazard is real. +0F2jdODNpno-00062-00026095-00026295 We recognize that. +0F2jdODNpno-00063-00026295-00026838 But then so is the potential chronic hazard of exposure and so whatever we do, +0F2jdODNpno-00064-00026838-00027452 we have to make sure that we're not potentially exposing people to more fires if we are going +0F2jdODNpno-00065-00027452-00027980 to act on chemicals and, conversely, that we're not choosing to deal with just the fire hazard +0F2jdODNpno-00066-00027980-00028275 without dealing with the chemical exposure hazard. +0F2jdODNpno-00067-00028275-00028756 So thank you, everybody, for coming today who appear on the phone. +0F2jdODNpno-00068-00028756-00029067 We probably, as I mentioned, will not be able to get to everyone's questions. +0F2jdODNpno-00069-00029067-00029354 I'd like to leave it up to the Commission to decide how long +0F2jdODNpno-00070-00029354-00029930 to leave the record open afterward and to figure out some mechanism by which we can -- okay. +0F2jdODNpno-00071-00029930-00030442 There's fewer than three people on the phone right now. +0F2jdODNpno-00072-00030442-00030827 Do I need to press this? +0F2jdODNpno-00073-00030827-00031283 Sorry. I have to press Star 1. +0F2jdODNpno-00074-00031283-00031930 Okay. We're hoping that worked. +0F2jdODNpno-00075-00031930-00032276 So we will try to figure out some mechanism to have questions for the record to make it as easy +0F2jdODNpno-00076-00032276-00032814 as possible for the Commission to ask follow-up questions and to have those entered +0F2jdODNpno-00077-00032814-00033323 into the record after the hearing is over and be included in any rulemaking that may occur. +0F2jdODNpno-00078-00033323-00033570 So with that, we're going to turn to our first panel. +0F2jdODNpno-00079-00033570-00034016 We are quite honored to have with us Dr. Linda Birnbaum is the Director +0F2jdODNpno-00080-00034016-00034436 of the National Institutes for Environmental Health Sciences, part of the National Institutes +0F2jdODNpno-00081-00034436-00034993 of Health, and unlike me being in this position, not only is Dr. Birnbaum the head +0F2jdODNpno-00082-00034993-00035255 of the agency, she's also an expert. +0F2jdODNpno-00083-00035255-00035777 She has spent decades studying these chemicals, flame retardants in particular, +0F2jdODNpno-00084-00035777-00036323 and so we are quite -- it's quite a privilege for us to have her testifying and so with that, +0F2jdODNpno-00085-00036323-00036584 Dr. Birnbaum, if you can please begin your testimony. +0F2jdODNpno-00086-00036584-00036886 PANEL 1 DR. BIRNBAUM: Good morning, Commissioners. +0F2jdODNpno-00087-00036886-00037432 I'm Linda Birnbaum, the Director of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, +0F2jdODNpno-00088-00037432-00037819 one of the 27 institutes and centers of the National Institutes of Health, +0F2jdODNpno-00089-00037819-00038758 and I'm also Director of the National Toxicology Program, which involves FDA, CDC, and NIH. +0F2jdODNpno-00090-00038758-00039003 I'm also a Principal Investigator +0F2jdODNpno-00091-00039003-00039388 of the National Cancer Institute Intramural Research Program. +0F2jdODNpno-00092-00039388-00039812 For the last 14 years or more, my research has focused +0F2jdODNpno-00093-00039812-00040214 on understanding the environmental health effects of flame retardants +0F2jdODNpno-00094-00040214-00040591 and I am considered a subject matter expert in this area. +0F2jdODNpno-00095-00040591-00041156 I would like to just say that I am accompanied by Dr. Chris Weiss, who is my chief toxicologist +0F2jdODNpno-00096-00041156-00041638 in my Bethesda office, and also an expert in flame retardants. +0F2jdODNpno-00097-00041638-00041973 I'm honored to be invited to testify at today's hearing +0F2jdODNpno-00098-00041973-00042397 by the Consumer Product Safety Commission Chairman Elliott Kaye. +0F2jdODNpno-00099-00042397-00042836 Synthetic polymers, things like plastics and foams, are generally considered +0F2jdODNpno-00100-00042836-00043272 to be more flammable than natural substances, things like cellulose. +0F2jdODNpno-00101-00043272-00043692 Consequently, flame retardants have been added to many modern consumer products +0F2jdODNpno-00102-00043692-00044241 and building materials for the purpose of reducing the risk and hazard of fire. +0F2jdODNpno-00103-00044241-00044716 Flame retardants containing bromine and/or chlorine have often been preferred +0F2jdODNpno-00104-00044716-00045206 for specific applications due to their efficiency and thermal stability. +0F2jdODNpno-00105-00045206-00045816 Halogens, particularly bromine, interfere with fire chemistry by forming radical species +0F2jdODNpno-00106-00045816-00046222 that compete with propagation of the combustion cycle. +0F2jdODNpno-00107-00046222-00046946 As a consequence of use, many halogenated flame retardants are now found in the environment +0F2jdODNpno-00108-00046946-00047400 and have been detected in wildlife and humans. +0F2jdODNpno-00109-00047400-00048010 They have the ability to accumulate in biological fluids and tissues and toxicological +0F2jdODNpno-00110-00048010-00048606 and epidemiological evaluations indicate that they are human toxicants. +0F2jdODNpno-00111-00048606-00049169 Included among the flame retardants that may be human toxicants are the polybrominated di-phenyl +0F2jdODNpno-00112-00049169-00049414 ethers or PBDEs. +0F2jdODNpno-00113-00049414-00050092 As a flame retardant, PBDEs are mixed into products without being chemically bonded +0F2jdODNpno-00114-00050092-00050388 or reacted to the matrix of the products. +0F2jdODNpno-00115-00050388-00050801 Such additive flame retardants have much greater potential to leach +0F2jdODNpno-00116-00050801-00051169 into the environment than reactive flame retardants. +0F2jdODNpno-00117-00051169-00051429 Once in the environment, they are more likely +0F2jdODNpno-00118-00051429-00051862 to present exposure concerns for humans and wildlife. +0F2jdODNpno-00119-00051862-00052384 PBDEs are present in household and office dust, are absorbed following exposure +0F2jdODNpno-00120-00052384-00052658 and accumulate in human fluids and tissues. +0F2jdODNpno-00121-00052658-00053104 Toxicity in rodent models include effects on endocrine disruption, +0F2jdODNpno-00122-00053104-00053809 such as thyroid hormone homeostasis, modulation of estrogen and androgen signaling, +0F2jdODNpno-00123-00053809-00054539 effects on obesity and diabetes, altered fertility, and neurotoxicity. +0F2jdODNpno-00124-00054539-00055210 Epidemiology studies have documented many of these same effects in humans. +0F2jdODNpno-00125-00055210-00055765 Fetuses, nursing infants, and young children may be at highest risk due +0F2jdODNpno-00126-00055765-00055949 to critical developmental windows +0F2jdODNpno-00127-00055949-00056547 of susceptibility and/or the potential for greater exposures. +0F2jdODNpno-00128-00056547-00056934 Now there are 209 possible congeners of PBDEs +0F2jdODNpno-00129-00056934-00057287 and three different molecular weight formulations have been used +0F2jdODNpno-00130-00057287-00057571 as commercial flame retardant products. +0F2jdODNpno-00131-00057571-00058278 Two of the commercial mixtures have been shown to be carcinogenic in both rats and mice. +0F2jdODNpno-00132-00058278-00058802 The extent of absorption, the internal dose, and the toxicity are largely determined +0F2jdODNpno-00133-00058802-00059337 by congener differences in bromine number and substitution patterns. +0F2jdODNpno-00134-00059337-00059675 Congeners of the lowest molecular weight mixture used largely +0F2jdODNpno-00135-00059675-00060321 in polyurethane foam are readily absorbed and are prevalent in human tissue and fluids. +0F2jdODNpno-00136-00060321-00060912 The major congener of the highest molecular weight mixture used primarily in heavy textiles +0F2jdODNpno-00137-00060912-00061412 and heavy plastic casings for electronic equipment is poorly absorbed +0F2jdODNpno-00138-00061412-00061679 but persists in the environment. +0F2jdODNpno-00139-00061679-00062341 Concern over persistence and toxicity has led to removal of all PBDE commercial formulations +0F2jdODNpno-00140-00062341-00062979 from production in the U.S. and bans in Canada, Europe, and Japan. +0F2jdODNpno-00141-00062979-00063341 The lower molecular weight PBDEs have been listed for elimination +0F2jdODNpno-00142-00063341-00063701 under the Stockholm Convention of Persistent Organic Pollutants +0F2jdODNpno-00143-00063701-00064120 and DECA BDE is currently proposed for listing, as well. +0F2jdODNpno-00144-00064120-00064601 Another high-volume brominated flame retardant also listed for elimination +0F2jdODNpno-00145-00064601-00065208 under this international treaty is Hexabromocyclododecane or HBCD. +0F2jdODNpno-00146-00065208-00065737 HBCD is also a persistent and additive flame retardant and is found +0F2jdODNpno-00147-00065737-00066171 in the environment, in wildlife, and in people. +0F2jdODNpno-00148-00066171-00066618 Mechanistic and animal studies have indicated it is an endocrine disruptor. +0F2jdODNpno-00149-00066618-00067232 It is toxic to the liver and causes adverse neuro-developmental effects. +0F2jdODNpno-00150-00067232-00067923 Tetrabrombisphenol-A or TBBPA is an example of a halogenated flame retardant +0F2jdODNpno-00151-00067923-00068510 with a biological fate that is different from that of HBCD and PBDEs. +0F2jdODNpno-00152-00068510-00069149 TBBPA is a reactive high-production volume chemical bonded to resins of circuit boards. +0F2jdODNpno-00153-00069149-00069575 An advantage of this reactive application is that there's low potential +0F2jdODNpno-00154-00069575-00069980 for TBBPA to leach into the environment. +0F2jdODNpno-00155-00069980-00070685 Although readily absorbed following exposure, TBBPA is rapidly conjugated and excreted, +0F2jdODNpno-00156-00070685-00071318 resulting in low bioavailability and little potential to accumulate in tissues. +0F2jdODNpno-00157-00071318-00071997 However, recently, the use of TBBPA in an additive mode has increased. +0F2jdODNpno-00158-00071997-00072448 Current research is assessing where there may be adverse effects due to greater levels +0F2jdODNpno-00159-00072448-00072760 of exposure for both humans and wildlife. +0F2jdODNpno-00160-00072760-00073592 Continuous exposures and epidemiological studies detecting TBBPA in human serum and breast milk +0F2jdODNpno-00161-00073592-00073899 in the United States, Europe, and Asia, have been conducted. +0F2jdODNpno-00162-00073899-00074215 CHAIRMAN KAYE: Dr. Birnbaum, I'm just going to let you know that we've moved into my time +0F2jdODNpno-00163-00074215-00074547 for questioning but I'm going to yield that time, if you'd please continue testifying. +0F2jdODNpno-00164-00074547-00074894 DR. BIRNBAUM: Thank you, Commissioner. +0F2jdODNpno-00165-00074894-00075467 Okay. So thus far, animal studies have shown it to be a carcinogen in rats and mice +0F2jdODNpno-00166-00075467-00075683 and to cause endocrine disruption. +0F2jdODNpno-00167-00075683-00076101 Studies are underway to assess the potential for TBBPA +0F2jdODNpno-00168-00076101-00076547 to cause developmental effects in rats at low doses. +0F2jdODNpno-00169-00076547-00077091 This work will lead to a better understanding of the health risks of TBBPA to humans. +0F2jdODNpno-00170-00077091-00077494 Some brominated and chlorinated organophosphate flame retardants have been known +0F2jdODNpno-00171-00077494-00077807 for over 30 years to be animal carcinogens. +0F2jdODNpno-00172-00077807-00078348 Recent studies have shown that some of these are also developmental neurotoxicants. +0F2jdODNpno-00173-00078348-00079146 Alternate halogenated flame retardants include a TBBPA derivative, TBBPA-DBPE, +0F2jdODNpno-00174-00079146-00080062 Tetrabromobenzoate, TBB, Tetrabromophthalate, TBPH, and Decabromodiphenyl ethane or DBDPE. +0F2jdODNpno-00175-00080062-00080674 TBB and TBPH are often used in a commercial mixture, Firemaster 550, +0F2jdODNpno-00176-00080674-00080958 which is used as an additive flame retardant. +0F2jdODNpno-00177-00080958-00081445 A small study in animals has demonstrated endocrine disruption and neural behavior impacts +0F2jdODNpno-00178-00081445-00081812 of developmental exposure to Firemaster 550. +0F2jdODNpno-00179-00081812-00082251 Both TBB and TBPH have been found in house dust and a metabolite +0F2jdODNpno-00180-00082251-00082603 of TBB has been found in human urine. +0F2jdODNpno-00181-00082603-00083327 TBBPA-DBPE, TBPH, and DBDPE, which are environmentally persistent and found +0F2jdODNpno-00182-00083327-00083979 in wildlife, are poorly absorbed and persistent, whereas TBB is well absorbed, +0F2jdODNpno-00183-00083979-00084261 rapidly metabolized and eliminated. +0F2jdODNpno-00184-00084261-00084733 Toxicological studies are underway to characterize the risk of exposure for these +0F2jdODNpno-00185-00084733-00085016 and other novel halogenated flame retardants. +0F2jdODNpno-00186-00085016-00085502 In conclusion, the halogenated flame retardants for which there's data have been shown +0F2jdODNpno-00187-00085502-00086014 to be environmentally and/or biologically persistent and toxic in animals. +0F2jdODNpno-00188-00086014-00086407 Many have also been shown to have impacts on human populations. +0F2jdODNpno-00189-00086407-00086911 When used in an additive mode over time, they leach into the environment +0F2jdODNpno-00190-00086911-00087217 and they have been detected in people. +0F2jdODNpno-00191-00087217-00087639 Use in a reactive mode or in polymers reduces the opportunity +0F2jdODNpno-00192-00087639-00087988 for exposure and hence reduces risk. +0F2jdODNpno-00193-00087988-00088326 Thank you for the opportunity to comment and I'm happy to answer questions. +0F2jdODNpno-00194-00088326-00088550 PANEL 1 QUESTIONS CHAIRMAN KAYE: Thank you, Dr. Birnbaum. +0F2jdODNpno-00195-00088550-00088776 Reclaiming my time, and, Mr. Stevenson, how much time? +0F2jdODNpno-00196-00088776-00088842 I have three minutes? +0F2jdODNpno-00197-00088842-00088910 Great. Thank you. +0F2jdODNpno-00198-00088910-00088994 I'll try to be very quick. +0F2jdODNpno-00199-00088994-00089407 So I'm going to ask two questions and I'm going to ask them together so that you can +0F2jdODNpno-00200-00089407-00089597 at least have the benefit of knowing what they are +0F2jdODNpno-00201-00089597-00089873 and then you can answer them with the remaining time, please. +0F2jdODNpno-00202-00089873-00090528 The first one is the high throughput screening that you all are doing as part of Tox-21, +0F2jdODNpno-00203-00090528-00090816 has that included the organohalogen flame retardants? +0F2jdODNpno-00204-00090816-00091548 DR. BIRNBAUM: Yes, some of the Tox-21 efforts have looked at a number of the PBDEs, of TBBPA, +0F2jdODNpno-00205-00091548-00091988 of HPCD, and some of the others, as well. +0F2jdODNpno-00206-00091988-00092339 In addition, some of the halogenated organophosphates have also been looked +0F2jdODNpno-00207-00092339-00092559 at in the rapid high throughput screening. +0F2jdODNpno-00208-00092559-00092657 CHAIRMAN KAYE: And what has that shown so far? +0F2jdODNpno-00209-00092657-00092992 DR. BIRNBAUM: They have shown that they have high levels of biological activity. +0F2jdODNpno-00210-00092992-00093187 CHAIRMAN KAYE: And is that data publicly available? +0F2jdODNpno-00211-00093187-00093330 DR. BIRNBAUM: That data is available. +0F2jdODNpno-00212-00093330-00093372 CHAIRMAN KAYE: Okay. +0F2jdODNpno-00213-00093372-00093397 Thank you. +0F2jdODNpno-00214-00093397-00093791 And the second question is to my earlier public policy point. +0F2jdODNpno-00215-00093791-00094251 If the Commission goes ahead and acts as the Petitioners request or acts in some way, +0F2jdODNpno-00216-00094251-00094555 how will we know that we're actually making people safer? +0F2jdODNpno-00217-00094555-00095056 DR. BIRNBAUM: I think one of the questions that always needs to be asked +0F2jdODNpno-00218-00095056-00095554 when you use chemicals is do we need them? +0F2jdODNpno-00219-00095554-00095817 Are they really providing a safety benefit? +0F2jdODNpno-00220-00095817-00096170 I think that's the question that needs to be asked specifically with the use +0F2jdODNpno-00221-00096170-00096387 of many of these flame retardants. +0F2jdODNpno-00222-00096387-00096950 The data is not strong, which indicate that they actually provide fire safety +0F2jdODNpno-00223-00096950-00097368 at the concentrations with which they have been used in the products. +0F2jdODNpno-00224-00097368-00098094 So I think that removing some of the chemicals from use, which has already been done +0F2jdODNpno-00225-00098094-00098662 with the PBDEs, although we have a tremendous legacy, people would talk about toxic couches +0F2jdODNpno-00226-00098662-00099151 and carpet padding and so on, what do we do with that, but removing other chemicals, +0F2jdODNpno-00227-00099151-00099591 unless we really have strong evidence that they provide fire safety, +0F2jdODNpno-00228-00099591-00099804 there really may not be a need for them. +0F2jdODNpno-00229-00099804-00099994 CHAIRMAN KAYE: Great. +0F2jdODNpno-00230-00099994-00100084 Thank you very much. +0F2jdODNpno-00231-00100084-00100261 With my time expiring, Commissioner Adler? +0F2jdODNpno-00232-00100261-00100598 COMMISSIONER ROBINSON: Thank you very much and welcome, Dr. Birnbaum. +0F2jdODNpno-00233-00100598-00100969 It's a pleasure and an honor to have you at the Commission's hearing. +0F2jdODNpno-00234-00100969-00101537 In your testimony, you walked through individual organohalogen chemical +0F2jdODNpno-00235-00101537-00102320 by individual organohalogen chemical and we have been advised by some industry folks +0F2jdODNpno-00236-00102320-00102821 that we should proceed chemical by chemical in addressing organohalogens. +0F2jdODNpno-00237-00102821-00103331 The Petition asks us to do something in the alternate, which is to look at organohalogens +0F2jdODNpno-00238-00103331-00103779 that are non-polymeric additives as flame retardants as a class. +0F2jdODNpno-00239-00103779-00104025 Do you have any observation one way or the other +0F2jdODNpno-00240-00104025-00104303 about how we should proceed, assuming we were to proceed? +0F2jdODNpno-00242-00108427-00108856 COMMISSIONER ADLER: So you're the head of a sister agency and you're also the Director +0F2jdODNpno-00243-00108856-00109034 of the National Toxicology Program. +0F2jdODNpno-00244-00109034-00109368 You get to look at thousands and thousands of chemicals +0F2jdODNpno-00245-00109368-00109608 or at least you have the potential to look at them. +0F2jdODNpno-00246-00109608-00110139 We have arguably thousands of chemicals under our jurisdiction and so as a tiny agency, +0F2jdODNpno-00247-00110139-00110705 we have to prioritize, and so I guess my question would be of the thousands of chemicals +0F2jdODNpno-00248-00110705-00111158 out there, would you consider these organohalogens to be something +0F2jdODNpno-00249-00111158-00111402 that should be worthy of a tiny agency +0F2jdODNpno-00250-00111402-00111761 with scarce resources addressing as a priority concern? +0F2jdODNpno-00251-00111761-00111963 DR. BIRNBAUM: Yes. +0F2jdODNpno-00252-00111963-00112159 COMMISSIONER ADLER: No further questions at this moment. +0F2jdODNpno-00253-00112159-00112209 CHAIRMAN KAYE: Thank you. +0F2jdODNpno-00254-00112209-00112286 Commissioner Robinson? +0F2jdODNpno-00255-00112286-00112570 COMMISSIONER ROBINSON: Thank you so much, Dr. Birnbaum, for coming today, +0F2jdODNpno-00256-00112570-00112801 and Dr. Weiss for accompanying Dr. Birnbaum. +0F2jdODNpno-00257-00112801-00113198 I am going to follow up on Commissioner Adler's question and I'm going +0F2jdODNpno-00258-00113198-00113649 to do it the same way he did since we only have five minutes and that is ask you three questions +0F2jdODNpno-00259-00113649-00113886 and then you figure out how to sort it out. +0F2jdODNpno-00260-00113886-00114366 But in terms of grouping, because we're being asked not only to ban a group but, +0F2jdODNpno-00261-00114366-00114917 going forward, to ban things that haven't even been created that would fall into this class +0F2jdODNpno-00262-00114917-00115293 of product, and so my first question is, +0F2jdODNpno-00263-00115293-00115848 I know that a lot of institutions have accepted the fact that grouping is appropriate +0F2jdODNpno-00264-00115848-00116275 for regulatory purposes, as long as you have the structural similarities that are needed, +0F2jdODNpno-00265-00116275-00117075 but my understanding is that if there are structural differences within a grouping +0F2jdODNpno-00266-00117075-00117602 that would result in a different endpoint, that that's something that we need to know about. +0F2jdODNpno-00267-00117602-00118005 So I'm interested in your comments as to whether you would expect there +0F2jdODNpno-00268-00118005-00118381 to be any structural differences in chemicals that fall +0F2jdODNpno-00269-00118381-00118985 within this non-polymeric additive organohalogen flame retardants group +0F2jdODNpno-00270-00118985-00119198 that would perhaps have a different endpoint. +0F2jdODNpno-00271-00119198-00119546 I was particularly interested in the written testimony that you submitted because you said +0F2jdODNpno-00272-00119546-00120103 that TBB, to quote you, "is well absorbed, rapidly metabolized and eliminated." +0F2jdODNpno-00273-00120103-00120522 So it seems to be different than some of the other chemicals in that group. +0F2jdODNpno-00274-00120522-00120709 So I'm just interested in your comments on that. +0F2jdODNpno-00275-00120709-00121053 DR. BIRNBAUM: So structural differences can be associated +0F2jdODNpno-00276-00121053-00121470 with different health or environmental impacts. +0F2jdODNpno-00277-00121470-00121785 However, that doesn't mean they don't have impacts. +0F2jdODNpno-00278-00121785-00122475 The flame retardants, as a class, are impacting many, many -- thank you -- +0F2jdODNpno-00279-00122475-00123079 many, many different health systems and health impacts and I think our greatest concern today, +0F2jdODNpno-00280-00123079-00123408 more so even than the cancer, which has been shown for the flame retardants +0F2jdODNpno-00281-00123408-00123782 that have been tested, both some of the halogenated organophosphates, +0F2jdODNpno-00282-00123782-00124229 which are very structural different than, for example, the PBDEs, but they've all been shown +0F2jdODNpno-00283-00124229-00124604 to be carcinogenic in animal studies, but I think a lot of our concern is +0F2jdODNpno-00284-00124604-00125129 for the developmental impacts, and what we are finding is that whether there's some +0F2jdODNpno-00285-00125129-00125603 of the halogenated organophosphates, whether they're the rapidly-eliminated +0F2jdODNpno-00286-00125603-00126366 or the persistent halogenated organic compounds, what we're finding is that they cause a spectrum +0F2jdODNpno-00287-00126366-00126835 of adverse developmental effects affecting the developing neurological system, +0F2jdODNpno-00288-00126835-00127255 affecting the endocrine system, affecting the reproductive system, and are associated +0F2jdODNpno-00289-00127255-00127610 with persistent long-term effects in the next generation. +0F2jdODNpno-00290-00127610-00128191 COMMISSIONER ROBINSON: And so in your opinion as one of the experts in the flame retardant field, +0F2jdODNpno-00291-00128191-00128522 would it be appropriate to group this group +0F2jdODNpno-00292-00128522-00129254 of non-polymeric additive organohalogen flame retardants into one group in terms +0F2jdODNpno-00293-00129254-00129511 of this Commission making a determination about a ban? +0F2jdODNpno-00294-00129511-00129755 DR. BIRNBAUM: I think it is appropriate. +0F2jdODNpno-00295-00129755-00129878 COMMISSIONER ROBINSON: Okay. +0F2jdODNpno-00296-00129878-00130295 You've been quoted as saying that when you first looked at this Petition, +0F2jdODNpno-00297-00130295-00130664 that there was no way -- you thought that there was no way of condemning an entire class +0F2jdODNpno-00298-00130664-00131084 of chemicals but then you said that after taking a closer look at the science, +0F2jdODNpno-00299-00131084-00131443 that you thought the Petitioners were "onto something" to use your words. +0F2jdODNpno-00300-00131443-00131552 Could you just explain that to us? +0F2jdODNpno-00301-00131552-00131878 DR. BIRNBAUM: I think it's not only taking a closer look at the science, +0F2jdODNpno-00302-00131878-00132224 I think it's really taking a closer look at what the Petitioner's proposing, +0F2jdODNpno-00303-00132224-00132577 which is not to ban all halogenated flame retardants. +0F2jdODNpno-00304-00132577-00133234 It's to ban them in specific classes of products and it's also to ban those that are additive, +0F2jdODNpno-00305-00133234-00133824 not to ban those that are in polymeric form, and the advantage of the polymeric compounds is +0F2jdODNpno-00306-00133824-00134354 that they have much less potential to escape into the environment +0F2jdODNpno-00307-00134354-00134749 and therefore to expose wildlife and people. +0F2jdODNpno-00308-00134749-00135232 We know that for all the compounds that are used in an additive mode, they do get to us. +0F2jdODNpno-00309-00135232-00135502 COMMISSIONER ROBINSON: Thank you very much. +0F2jdODNpno-00310-00135502-00135637 I have nothing further. +0F2jdODNpno-00311-00135637-00135789 CHAIRMAN KAYE: Thank you, Commissioner Robinson. +0F2jdODNpno-00312-00135789-00135867 Commissioner Buerkle? +0F2jdODNpno-00313-00135867-00136280 COMMISSIONER BUERKLE: Thank you, Mr. Chairman, and let me begin by saying thank you +0F2jdODNpno-00314-00136280-00136610 to Dr. Birnbaum and Dr. Weiss for being here this morning +0F2jdODNpno-00315-00136610-00136771 and providing your expert testimony. +0F2jdODNpno-00316-00136771-00136940 We really do appreciate it. +0F2jdODNpno-00317-00136940-00137229 I just want to follow up on my two colleagues, Commissioner Adler +0F2jdODNpno-00318-00137229-00137456 and Commissioner Robinson's questions. +0F2jdODNpno-00319-00137456-00137822 So Commissioner Adler asked about whether or not it would make sense +0F2jdODNpno-00320-00137822-00138349 to prioritize among all of the chemicals. +0F2jdODNpno-00321-00138349-00138466 I think I have that right. +0F2jdODNpno-00322-00138466-00139000 But specifically in this group of chemicals that we're being asked to consider now a ban +0F2jdODNpno-00323-00139000-00139491 on because, to your words, the reality of what -- +0F2jdODNpno-00324-00139491-00139943 our resources are limited and it's very expensive and it takes a lot of time. +0F2jdODNpno-00325-00139943-00140602 So if we had to prioritize within this group of chemicals that we're being asked to ban, +0F2jdODNpno-00326-00140602-00140912 could you suggest an order for us? +0F2jdODNpno-00327-00141211-00141661 DR. BIRNBAUM: Commissioner, that's a very difficult question because some +0F2jdODNpno-00328-00141661-00142194 of the different types of organohalogen flame retardants do very different things +0F2jdODNpno-00329-00142194-00142883 and I don't think that I am the appropriate person to say whether I would weigh cancer +0F2jdODNpno-00330-00142883-00143256 or developmental neurological effects one over the other. +0F2jdODNpno-00331-00143256-00143673 We know that the organophosphates, which have been shown to be carcinogens, +0F2jdODNpno-00332-00143673-00144081 are also now being shown to be developmental neurotoxicants. +0F2jdODNpno-00333-00144081-00144643 WE know that some of the halogenated, the persistent chemicals, are shown not only +0F2jdODNpno-00334-00144643-00145182 to be carcinogens but are shown to be associated with the increase in diabetes and obesity +0F2jdODNpno-00335-00145182-00145530 in offspring and we've shown that they're developmental neurotoxicants. +0F2jdODNpno-00336-00145530-00146179 So I think that I would have difficulty saying which of these are -- +0F2jdODNpno-00337-00146179-00146622 which of the very large members of the existing class or the potentially +0F2jdODNpno-00338-00146622-00147417 to be synthesized class are worse than the others but I would suggest that essentially all +0F2jdODNpno-00339-00147417-00147932 of them will have the potential to cause adverse effects, some kind of adverse effects. +0F2jdODNpno-00340-00147932-00148122 COMMISSIONER BUERKLE: Thank you very much. +0F2jdODNpno-00341-00148122-00148283 I don't have any more questions, Mr. Chairman. +0F2jdODNpno-00342-00148283-00148399 CHAIRMAN KAYE: Thank you, Commissioner Buerkle. +0F2jdODNpno-00343-00148399-00148479 Commissioner Mohorovic? +0F2jdODNpno-00344-00148479-00148611 COMMISSIONER MOHOROVIC: Thank you, Mr. Chairman. +0F2jdODNpno-00345-00148611-00148782 We're moving along very quickly, Mr. Chairman. +0F2jdODNpno-00346-00148782-00149111 I'm going to attempt to answer a question that you posed, if you don't mind, +0F2jdODNpno-00347-00149111-00149302 although I recognize it wasn't to me. +0F2jdODNpno-00348-00149302-00149640 You asked the panelists if we did move forward with a rulemaking, +0F2jdODNpno-00349-00149640-00150072 how would we really understand if we were successful and I would offer this +0F2jdODNpno-00350-00150072-00150383 as a solution by virtue of policy. +0F2jdODNpno-00351-00150383-00150651 In our midyear review, we as a Commission unanimously committed +0F2jdODNpno-00352-00150651-00150940 to retrospective review in prospective rulemaking. +0F2jdODNpno-00353-00150940-00151316 So I would have confidence that if we did move forward in a rule, +0F2jdODNpno-00354-00151316-00151739 we would embed in there the kind of retrospective review to look back +0F2jdODNpno-00355-00151739-00152122 on our activity to determine whether or not we were in fact successful. +0F2jdODNpno-00356-00152122-00152309 So I'd just offer that. +0F2jdODNpno-00357-00152309-00152645 Thank you, Dr. Weiss, Dr. Birnbaum, for participating today. +0F2jdODNpno-00358-00152645-00152804 I have two questions. +0F2jdODNpno-00359-00152804-00152969 I hope I have time to get to them. +0F2jdODNpno-00360-00152969-00153434 First is on a particular chemical, Hexobromocyclododecane. +0F2jdODNpno-00361-00153434-00153662 So you referenced it in your testimony. +0F2jdODNpno-00362-00153662-00154043 Chairman, are you impressed that I was able to say that without stumbling? +0F2jdODNpno-00363-00154043-00154087 CHAIRMAN KAYE: Yes. +0F2jdODNpno-00364-00154087-00154471 COMMISSIONER MOHOROVIC: There were two government studies, Dr. Birnbaum and Dr. Weiss, +0F2jdODNpno-00365-00154471-00155046 that looked at flame retardants pursuant to a CPSC open rulemaking on upholstered furniture. +0F2jdODNpno-00366-00155046-00155562 The first one was an NASNRC study in 2000. +0F2jdODNpno-00367-00155562-00155687 You're nodding your head. +0F2jdODNpno-00368-00155687-00155842 That answers my first question. +0F2jdODNpno-00369-00155842-00156057 Are you familiar with the study? +0F2jdODNpno-00370-00156057-00156398 And, you know, so the quote here that, after looking at that, is "despite a lack +0F2jdODNpno-00371-00156398-00157033 of a complete database, the subcommittee concluded that the following FRs can be used +0F2jdODNpno-00372-00157033-00157415 on residential furniture with minimal risk, even under worse case assumption" +0F2jdODNpno-00373-00157415-00157715 and Hexobromocyclododecane was listed there. +0F2jdODNpno-00374-00157715-00158248 And then in 2001, there was a CPSC study that looked at flame retardants +0F2jdODNpno-00375-00158248-00158878 for upholstered furniture again and the quote was that of the four and HBCD was listed +0F2jdODNpno-00376-00158878-00159308 "would clearly not be considered hazardous to consumers as defined under the FHSA." +0F2jdODNpno-00377-00159308-00159539 So that's pretty specific look. +0F2jdODNpno-00378-00159539-00160101 The questions that I have for both panelists is did either of you participate in the study and, +0F2jdODNpno-00379-00160101-00160568 if so, if you're recommending us to ban or move on HBCD, +0F2jdODNpno-00380-00160568-00160952 how's the science chanced to yield a different decision? +0F2jdODNpno-00381-00160952-00161318 DR. BIRNBAUM: I'll take that because that study was done by someone who worked +0F2jdODNpno-00382-00161318-00161562 in my division when I was at U.S. EPA. +0F2jdODNpno-00383-00161562-00162123 Mike Hughes was the prime author on that and it was done with collaborators here at CPSC +0F2jdODNpno-00384-00162123-00162714 and what that was done was a study where they looked at the dermal absorption and I'm trying +0F2jdODNpno-00385-00162714-00163446 to remember, this is 15 years ago, whether it was -- I know it was in vitro using -- +0F2jdODNpno-00386-00163446-00163705 and also maybe that we did rat studies in vivo. +0F2jdODNpno-00387-00163705-00163837 I'm trying to remember -- COMMISSIONER MOHOROVIC: Okay. +0F2jdODNpno-00388-00163837-00163910 DR. BIRNBAUM: -- exactly. +0F2jdODNpno-00389-00163910-00164196 The point was, is that, these are very big chemicals that are going +0F2jdODNpno-00390-00164196-00164659 to be very poorly absorbed by the skin and that was the question that was asked. +0F2jdODNpno-00391-00164659-00164845 Are they going to be absorbed through the skin? +0F2jdODNpno-00392-00164845-00165517 The question was not asked, are they going to escape from the fabrics into the environment +0F2jdODNpno-00393-00165517-00165914 and then be able to be absorbed orally or by inhalation? +0F2jdODNpno-00394-00165914-00166043 COMMISSIONER MOHOROVIC: Thank you. +0F2jdODNpno-00395-00166043-00166485 DR. BIRNBAUM: And I think that's been a tremendous growth in our understanding +0F2jdODNpno-00396-00166485-00166957 about things that exposures are not always what you think they might be, +0F2jdODNpno-00397-00166957-00167378 that sitting on the cushion is not the problem that it's going to come through your clothes, +0F2jdODNpno-00398-00167378-00167955 but that in fact by sitting on the cushion, you may be expressing it into the dust +0F2jdODNpno-00399-00167955-00168186 and from hence it will get into your body by a different route. +0F2jdODNpno-00400-00168186-00168499 COMMISSIONER MOHOROVIC: Thank you very, very much for that explanation. +0F2jdODNpno-00401-00168499-00168865 And one other question on another specific chemical you referenced +0F2jdODNpno-00402-00168865-00169143 in your testimony on TBBPA. +0F2jdODNpno-00403-00169143-00169568 Specifically a different -- somebody who'll be testifying later today +0F2jdODNpno-00404-00169568-00170227 in their testimony suggested that TBBPA wouldn't be under the scope of the Petition by virtue +0F2jdODNpno-00405-00170227-00170810 of its inclusion or incorporation used in motherboards or that part of the electronics +0F2jdODNpno-00406-00170810-00171107 and therefore wouldn't be in the external casings. +0F2jdODNpno-00407-00171107-00171658 However, my question is the following in terms of the movement of the industry with TBBPA. +0F2jdODNpno-00408-00171658-00172333 Could TBBPA be used as an additive, as a substitute for casings +0F2jdODNpno-00409-00172333-00172756 which would therefore put it under scope if its use changes by virtue +0F2jdODNpno-00410-00172756-00172911 of the way the Petition is written? +0F2jdODNpno-00411-00172911-00173521 DR. BIRNBAUM: So my understanding is that TBBPA's use has increased in an additive mode +0F2jdODNpno-00412-00173521-00174157 since the reduced use and then the ban on the DECA BDE which has been used +0F2jdODNpno-00413-00174157-00174592 in heavy plastic casings and especially in heavy fabrics, +0F2jdODNpno-00414-00174592-00174847 so that the use has increased in an additive mode. +0F2jdODNpno-00415-00174847-00175334 COMMISSIONER MOHOROVIC: Beyond what was stated or what's known right now in its general use +0F2jdODNpno-00416-00175334-00175739 in -- would it be electronic motherboards or the interior of componentry? +0F2jdODNpno-00417-00175739-00175811 DR. BIRNBAUM: Correct. +0F2jdODNpno-00418-00175811-00175999 That it uses -- that there has been a shift. +0F2jdODNpno-00419-00175999-00176462 For many, many years, TBBPA, which is the largest brominated flame retardant -- +0F2jdODNpno-00420-00176462-00177188 largest brominated flame retardant was used in 90:10 percent ratios of reactive to additive +0F2jdODNpno-00421-00177188-00177824 and that additive percentage is increasing is my understanding, so, and the more that it's used +0F2jdODNpno-00422-00177824-00178089 in additive, the more opportunity there will be for human exposure. +0F2jdODNpno-00423-00178089-00178207 COMMISSIONER MOHOROVIC: Thank you very much. +0F2jdODNpno-00424-00178207-00178355 Thank you, Mr. Chairman. +0F2jdODNpno-00425-00178355-00178533 CHAIRMAN KAYE: Thank you, Commissioner Mohorovic. +0F2jdODNpno-00426-00178533-00178903 This will end this round and I want to thank again Dr. Birnbaum for your testimony +0F2jdODNpno-00427-00178903-00179046 and Dr. Weiss for your appearance. +0F2jdODNpno-00428-00179046-00179428 I promise the both of you, you should not take us ending now +0F2jdODNpno-00429-00179428-00179675 as indicative of a lack of more questions. +0F2jdODNpno-00430-00179675-00179972 We could probably spend hours with just the two of you here +0F2jdODNpno-00431-00179972-00180173 and that will probably be the case with all the panels. +0F2jdODNpno-00432-00180173-00180299 We're now going to move on to Panel 2. +0F2jdODNpno-00433-00180299-00180459 Thank you again. +0F2jdODNpno-00434-00180801-00181403 PANEL 2 COMMISSIONER ADLER: As you've noticed, Chairman Kaye has departed. +0F2jdODNpno-00435-00181403-00181578 The one thing he didn't say was +0F2jdODNpno-00436-00181578-00182267 that he sustained the injury during a Thanksgiving Day neighborhood football game +0F2jdODNpno-00437-00182267-00182550 and his team won. +0F2jdODNpno-00438-00182550-00183267 So I said is that after you left or before you left but he insisted that it was before. +0F2jdODNpno-00439-00183267-00183587 He was there through the last bitter moments. +0F2jdODNpno-00440-00183587-00183958 Again, just begging your indulgence, if you could please stick +0F2jdODNpno-00441-00183958-00184507 within the five-minute period, and the panelists now are Mr. William Wallace +0F2jdODNpno-00442-00184507-00185466 from Consumers Union, Eve Gartner from Earthjustice, Dr. Simona Balan, Dr. Arlene Blum, +0F2jdODNpno-00443-00185466-00185857 and Dr. Miriam Diamond, both of whom are on here by the phone, and, +0F2jdODNpno-00444-00185857-00186125 Mr. Wallace, if you want to begin. +0F2jdODNpno-00445-00186125-00186600 MR. WALLACE: Thank you, Commissioner Adler, and the entire Commission. +0F2jdODNpno-00446-00186600-00187050 On behalf of Consumers Union, the Public Policy and Advocacy arm of Consumer Reports, +0F2jdODNpno-00447-00187050-00187517 thanks for the opportunity to present to the Commission on Requesting Rulemaking +0F2jdODNpno-00448-00187517-00187751 on Certain Flame Retardant Chemicals. +0F2jdODNpno-00449-00187751-00188123 Consumers Union joined Earthjustice and the Consumer Federation of America as well +0F2jdODNpno-00450-00188123-00188568 as nine other co-Petitioners in filing this Petition earlier this year. +0F2jdODNpno-00451-00188568-00189049 American consumers are widely exposed from products in their homes that could pose -- +0F2jdODNpno-00452-00189049-00189491 to potentially toxic flame retardant chemicals that could pose serious health risks +0F2jdODNpno-00453-00189491-00189810 and may not actually provide significantly better fire protection +0F2jdODNpno-00454-00189810-00190143 than other available technologies without these chemicals. +0F2jdODNpno-00455-00190143-00190537 Current regulation does not adequately address the health hazards of these chemicals +0F2jdODNpno-00456-00190537-00190967 and CPSC has the authority to protect consumers from the potential risk of harm. +0F2jdODNpno-00457-00190967-00191521 It is for these reasons that Consumers Union strongly supports the Petition before you. +0F2jdODNpno-00458-00191521-00191782 While our organization has not conducted independent testing +0F2jdODNpno-00459-00191782-00192100 on this issue, we have followed it closely. +0F2jdODNpno-00460-00192100-00192537 Consumers rightly expect the products in their homes to meet flammability standards +0F2jdODNpno-00461-00192537-00192938 but not at the expense of being exposed to potentially toxic chemicals. +0F2jdODNpno-00462-00192938-00193413 CPSC should ban the use of non-polymeric additive organohalogen flame retardants +0F2jdODNpno-00463-00193413-00193800 in children's products and other specified product categories +0F2jdODNpno-00464-00193800-00194353 under the Federal Hazardous Substances Act and encourage manufacturers to instead use barriers +0F2jdODNpno-00465-00194353-00194636 and inherently non-flammable materials. +0F2jdODNpno-00466-00194636-00194973 In support of the Petition, we plan to submit comments to the Docket +0F2jdODNpno-00467-00194973-00195164 which will include the following points. +0F2jdODNpno-00468-00195164-00195479 First, the scope of the Petition is clear. +0F2jdODNpno-00469-00195479-00196025 It covers organohalogen flame retardants in additive form and only those in additive form +0F2jdODNpno-00470-00196025-00196321 because they are not chemically bound to the products containing them +0F2jdODNpno-00471-00196321-00196923 and thus have a greater potential to migrate out of products, resulting in human exposure. +0F2jdODNpno-00472-00196923-00197409 The specific product categories covered by the Petition are those for which it demonstrates +0F2jdODNpno-00473-00197409-00197789 that the flame retardants have been intentionally added or are often present +0F2jdODNpno-00474-00197789-00198083 in a large percentage of the products. +0F2jdODNpno-00475-00198083-00198454 Second, consumers can be exposed to these chemicals for migration +0F2jdODNpno-00476-00198454-00198690 or disintegration from household products. +0F2jdODNpno-00477-00198690-00199137 Numerous studies have shown these chemicals presence in indoor air and house dust +0F2jdODNpno-00478-00199137-00199514 and it is reasonable to conclude that they can persist in the indoor environment, +0F2jdODNpno-00479-00199514-00199905 leading to chronic human exposure from household products. +0F2jdODNpno-00480-00199905-00200291 Studies by EPA and Massachusetts have both found that inhalation may account +0F2jdODNpno-00481-00200291-00200615 for a significant proportion of exposures. +0F2jdODNpno-00482-00200615-00200829 With regard to vulnerable populations, +0F2jdODNpno-00483-00200829-00201311 additional studies have found significant exposure of pregnant women to these chemicals, +0F2jdODNpno-00484-00201311-00201780 leading to exposure by fetuses and newborn infants, as well as particularly elevated levels +0F2jdODNpno-00485-00201780-00202293 of exposure by young children, likely due to their frequent hand-to-mouth behaviors. +0F2jdODNpno-00486-00202293-00202764 Third, CPSC has the authority to regulate products containing these chemicals. +0F2jdODNpno-00487-00202764-00203262 We agree with the Petition that non-polymeric additive organohalogen flame retardants meet the +0F2jdODNpno-00488-00203262-00203823 FHSA definition of toxic in that they have the capacity to produce substantial personal injury +0F2jdODNpno-00489-00203823-00204121 or illness and therefore they should be considered +0F2jdODNpno-00490-00204121-00204427 and designated as hazardous substances. +0F2jdODNpno-00491-00204427-00204773 The Petition documents significant research showing that human exposure +0F2jdODNpno-00492-00204773-00205354 to organohalogen flame retardants is associated with long-term chronic adverse health problems +0F2jdODNpno-00493-00205354-00205752 with reproductive, neurological, and carcinogenic effects. +0F2jdODNpno-00494-00205752-00205953 We furthermore agree with the Petition +0F2jdODNpno-00495-00205953-00206433 in that the covered product categories meet the definition of banned hazardous substances +0F2jdODNpno-00496-00206433-00206721 when they contain the chemicals at issue. +0F2jdODNpno-00497-00206721-00207369 We feel labeling would be inadequate to serve public health and safety +0F2jdODNpno-00498-00207369-00207750 since consumers' knowledge of the hazard is unlikely to enable them to take steps +0F2jdODNpno-00499-00207750-00208026 to sufficiently protect themselves. +0F2jdODNpno-00500-00208026-00208484 Consumers cannot reasonably be expected to successfully collect and dispose +0F2jdODNpno-00501-00208484-00208973 of the ubiquitous dust in their homes that is contaminated with the specified flame retardants +0F2jdODNpno-00502-00208973-00209323 that can have long-term adverse effects on their health. +0F2jdODNpno-00503-00209323-00209690 Fourth, it is appropriate for the Commission to make this a priority. +0F2jdODNpno-00504-00209690-00210276 The hazard from the specified flame retardants meets many, if not all, of the requirements +0F2jdODNpno-00505-00210276-00210525 to be a CPSC priority for action. +0F2jdODNpno-00506-00210525-00210998 The probability of exposure is high because the products are ones that most people use daily, +0F2jdODNpno-00507-00210998-00211490 such as chairs, couches, mattress pads, computers, and other electronics. +0F2jdODNpno-00508-00211490-00211855 Children, a vulnerable population, are at particular risk because they tend +0F2jdODNpno-00509-00211855-00212198 to spend more time on the floor in proximity to house dust, +0F2jdODNpno-00510-00212198-00212388 have frequent hand-to-mouth behaviors, +0F2jdODNpno-00511-00212388-00212678 and may be exposed during critical developmental periods, +0F2jdODNpno-00512-00212678-00213206 and continued use of these chemicals is likely to lead to future illness and injury. +0F2jdODNpno-00513-00213206-00213637 In addition, current regulation is inadequate, leaving consumers at risk. +0F2jdODNpno-00514-00213637-00213909 The Toxic Substances Control Act is widely considered not +0F2jdODNpno-00515-00213909-00214323 to give EPA the authority it would need to meaningfully protect the public +0F2jdODNpno-00516-00214323-00214704 and to allow chemicals on the market that are not established as safe. +0F2jdODNpno-00517-00214704-00215157 Moreover, while there are current congressional efforts to fix the law, it is impossible to know +0F2jdODNpno-00518-00215157-00215573 if a bill will pass or be effective at protecting public health. +0F2jdODNpno-00519-00215573-00216042 Action taken by CPSC to address this Petition would not duplicate existing protections +0F2jdODNpno-00520-00216042-00216215 for consumers. +0F2jdODNpno-00521-00216215-00216521 In conclusion, we urge you to grant the Petition and protect consumers +0F2jdODNpno-00522-00216521-00216684 from the documented health risks. +0F2jdODNpno-00523-00216684-00216800 Thank you for your attention. +0F2jdODNpno-00524-00216800-00217041 COMMISSIONER ADLER: Impeccable sense of timing, Mr. Wallace. +0F2jdODNpno-00525-00217041-00217311 I hope all the other witnesses will be as effective. +0F2jdODNpno-00526-00217311-00217356 Ms. Gartner? +0F2jdODNpno-00527-00217356-00217740 MS. GARTNER: Thank you, Commissioner Adler. +0F2jdODNpno-00528-00217740-00217969 I am Eve Gartner, a staff attorney at Earthjustice. +0F2jdODNpno-00529-00217969-00218417 Along with the Consumer Federation of America, I represent the Petitioners here. +0F2jdODNpno-00530-00218417-00218529 Thank you. +0F2jdODNpno-00531-00218529-00219015 I appreciate the opportunity to testify today and I also appreciate the very careful study +0F2jdODNpno-00532-00219015-00219277 that the Commission is giving to this matter. +0F2jdODNpno-00533-00219277-00219777 As you know, the Petition asks for regulations under the Federal Hazardous Substances Act +0F2jdODNpno-00534-00219777-00220323 to protect consumers from non-polymeric organohalogen flame retardants in additive form +0F2jdODNpno-00535-00220323-00220694 in four categories of consumer products. +0F2jdODNpno-00536-00220694-00221446 Under the FHSA, the legal standard that we're asking you to operate under is +0F2jdODNpno-00537-00221446-00222137 that if a substance has the capacity to produce personal injury or illness through ingestion, +0F2jdODNpno-00538-00222137-00222815 inhalation, or absorption, then the chemical or the product is toxic, and if a substance +0F2jdODNpno-00539-00222815-00223428 or product is toxic and, in addition, it may cause substantial personal injury +0F2jdODNpno-00540-00223428-00224075 or personal illness as a proximate result of customary or reasonably foreseeable use, +0F2jdODNpno-00541-00224075-00224476 then it meets the definition of a hazardous substance under the FHSA, +0F2jdODNpno-00542-00224476-00224841 and if labeling will not protect against the injury, +0F2jdODNpno-00543-00224841-00225330 as it would not here, then the CPSC must ban it. +0F2jdODNpno-00544-00225330-00225917 Dr. Birnbaum referenced PBDEs, a group of organohalogen flame retardants used +0F2jdODNpno-00545-00225917-00226286 in additive form that would be covered by this Petition. +0F2jdODNpno-00546-00226286-00226662 The PBDEs are a case study for how federal regulations +0F2jdODNpno-00547-00226662-00227177 and policies are not now protecting us from products containing chemicals +0F2jdODNpno-00548-00227177-00227450 that are well understood to be toxic. +0F2jdODNpno-00549-00227450-00227894 For decades, PBDE flame retardants were used extensively in a wide range +0F2jdODNpno-00550-00227894-00228231 of consumer products and, as Dr. Birnbaum explained, +0F2jdODNpno-00551-00228231-00228644 they present very serious human health risks and because they are persistent +0F2jdODNpno-00552-00228644-00229003 and bio-accumulative, 97 percent of people who live +0F2jdODNpno-00553-00229003-00229471 in the United States have measurable quantities of PBDEs in their blood. +0F2jdODNpno-00554-00229471-00229848 Children have the highest body burdens and children from communities +0F2jdODNpno-00555-00229848-00230142 of color have the very highest levels. +0F2jdODNpno-00556-00230142-00230742 So in the face of what was known a decade ago about the toxicity of PBDEs, +0F2jdODNpno-00557-00230742-00231194 EPA negotiated a voluntary phase-out of their domestic production, +0F2jdODNpno-00558-00231194-00231376 but there are two fundamental ways +0F2jdODNpno-00559-00231376-00231880 in which consumers are still unprotected against PBDE exposures. +0F2jdODNpno-00560-00231880-00232541 First, although PBDEs are not manufactured in the U.S., they are still being made overseas, +0F2jdODNpno-00561-00232541-00232919 yet no U.S. law or regulation prohibits the importation +0F2jdODNpno-00562-00232919-00233292 and sale of products containing any PBDE. +0F2jdODNpno-00563-00233292-00233791 Some states have banned the sale of some products containing some PBDEs +0F2jdODNpno-00564-00233791-00234119 but this scattershot approach is not sufficient. +0F2jdODNpno-00565-00234119-00234648 EPA has proposed using its significant new use rule authority to prohibit the import +0F2jdODNpno-00566-00234648-00235212 of products containing PBDEs but strong industry pushback has prevented those rules, +0F2jdODNpno-00567-00235212-00235542 the SNUR Rule, from being finalized. +0F2jdODNpno-00568-00235542-00236085 So we know from manufacturers' self-reporting that children's products containing more +0F2jdODNpno-00569-00236085-00236701 than trace amounts of DECA BDE are still being sold in this country and it's possible +0F2jdODNpno-00570-00236701-00237134 that imported furniture containing Penta BDE is still being sold, as well. +0F2jdODNpno-00571-00237134-00237444 We have no way to know for sure either way. +0F2jdODNpno-00572-00237444-00238151 The importation of products containing toxic PBDEs is a major regulatory loophole. +0F2jdODNpno-00573-00238151-00238477 Granting this Petition would fill that hole. +0F2jdODNpno-00574-00238477-00238994 Second, the voluntary phase-out of PBDE production did nothing, +0F2jdODNpno-00575-00238994-00239416 as Dr. Birnbaum referenced, did nothing to protect people in the U.S. +0F2jdODNpno-00576-00239416-00240061 from the legacy exposures, the toxic furniture and poisoned toys that people already owned +0F2jdODNpno-00577-00240061-00240640 that are still in the homes of millions of people, especially in low-income communities, +0F2jdODNpno-00578-00240640-00241142 but most people keep their sofas for decades and then pass them on to their kids. +0F2jdODNpno-00579-00241142-00241781 So we're passing on essentially just toxicity for generations. +0F2jdODNpno-00580-00241781-00242410 If CPSC were to declare products containing non-polymeric organohalogens in additive form +0F2jdODNpno-00581-00242410-00242821 to be banned hazardous substances, as we've asked for, it would have the authority +0F2jdODNpno-00582-00242821-00243232 under Section 15 of the FHSA to protect consumers +0F2jdODNpno-00583-00243232-00243553 against the PBDE-laden products in their home. +0F2jdODNpno-00584-00243553-00243827 So how do we learn from the past? +0F2jdODNpno-00585-00243827-00244559 Obviously manufacturers have replaced PBDEs with other non-polymeric halogenated flame retardants +0F2jdODNpno-00586-00244559-00244884 and the mounting evidence is that they are similarly toxic. +0F2jdODNpno-00587-00244884-00245041 That's not a huge surprise. +0F2jdODNpno-00588-00245041-00245575 It's a basic fact that chemicals with similar structures are similarly toxic. +0F2jdODNpno-00589-00245575-00246284 So all additive non-polymeric organohalogen flame retardants bear the structural similarity +0F2jdODNpno-00590-00246284-00246494 of a common functional group. +0F2jdODNpno-00591-00246494-00246977 They have shared physical, chemical, environmental fate and toxicity properties. +0F2jdODNpno-00592-00246977-00247359 They are all likely to be toxic within the meaning of the FHSA. +0F2jdODNpno-00593-00247359-00247639 They should be regulated as a class. +0F2jdODNpno-00594-00247639-00248003 We should not continue to make the mistakes we made with PBDEs. +0F2jdODNpno-00595-00248003-00248056 Thank you. +0F2jdODNpno-00596-00248056-00248267 COMMISSIONER ADLER: Thank you very much. +0F2jdODNpno-00597-00248267-00248451 Dr. Balan? +0F2jdODNpno-00598-00248581-00249117 DR. BALAN: Good morning and thank you for the opportunity to speak. +0F2jdODNpno-00599-00249117-00249201 Thank you. +0F2jdODNpno-00600-00249201-00249573 So I'm Simona Balan, a scientist with the Green Science Policy Institute. +0F2jdODNpno-00601-00249573-00250246 I am one of the co-Petitioners, and I would like to make the point today as to why it's important +0F2jdODNpno-00602-00250246-00250844 to address the entire class of organohalogen flame retardants non-polymeric in additive form, +0F2jdODNpno-00603-00250844-00251269 and I believe the example of Penta BDE really puts this into perspective. +0F2jdODNpno-00604-00251269-00251767 So in order to prevent what the CPSC estimated in 2008 +0F2jdODNpno-00605-00251767-00252459 as 30 preventable small open flame furniture fire deaths, Penta BDE was added to furniture +0F2jdODNpno-00606-00252459-00253151 that ended up in 97 percent of the U.S. population, which is over 300 million people, +0F2jdODNpno-00607-00253151-00253729 and even though Penta BDE was phased out, similar organohalogen flame retardants continue +0F2jdODNpno-00608-00253729-00254187 to be used in the four product categories mentioned in the Petition. +0F2jdODNpno-00609-00254187-00254441 Next slide, please. +0F2jdODNpno-00610-00254441-00255139 And more and more scientific evidence is emerging that these chemicals share properties +0F2jdODNpno-00611-00255139-00255737 and in Dr. David Epel's, Professor Murray at Stanford University's words, +0F2jdODNpno-00612-00255737-00256060 "The properties of organohalogen flame retardants as a class can lead +0F2jdODNpno-00613-00256060-00256328 to adverse effects for human health." +0F2jdODNpno-00614-00256328-00256700 So what exactly are these properties? +0F2jdODNpno-00615-00256700-00256859 Next slide, please. +0F2jdODNpno-00616-00256859-00257382 This is also from Dr. Epel's research and his collaborators but I would like you to understand +0F2jdODNpno-00617-00257382-00257830 that organohalogens are not natural to our biochemistry. +0F2jdODNpno-00618-00257830-00258330 Our cells were not developed, while being exposed to such chemicals, +0F2jdODNpno-00619-00258330-00258686 and so they're not designed to address these chemicals. +0F2jdODNpno-00620-00258686-00259180 Our cells are actually pretty good at recognizing certain toxics or removing them +0F2jdODNpno-00621-00259180-00259929 from the cell but organohalogens make it past our defenses and they can persist +0F2jdODNpno-00622-00259929-00260382 for a long time inside the cells and they're not removed by the cell detoxifiers. +0F2jdODNpno-00623-00260382-00260926 In new research by Professor Ambro Umbden from the University of California +0F2jdODNpno-00624-00260926-00261600 at San Diego has actually found that not only are they unrecognized by the cell responses +0F2jdODNpno-00625-00261600-00261859 by they can also inhibit the cell's defenses, +0F2jdODNpno-00626-00261859-00262342 making them less able to deal with other toxicants. +0F2jdODNpno-00627-00262342-00262678 Next slide, please. +0F2jdODNpno-00628-00262678-00263130 And we are still catching up with the research on PBDEs. +0F2jdODNpno-00629-00263130-00263426 Just this year, after the Petition was submitted, +0F2jdODNpno-00630-00263426-00263915 more papers came out on the adverse health effects from PBDEs +0F2jdODNpno-00631-00263915-00264368 and understanding the mechanisms through which these adverse health effects are happening. +0F2jdODNpno-00632-00264368-00264764 For instance, late puberty in girls, increased risk of preterm births, +0F2jdODNpno-00633-00264764-00264989 impaired executive functioning in young children. +0F2jdODNpno-00634-00264989-00265545 So these are really important adverse health effects that we should consider. +0F2jdODNpno-00635-00265545-00266132 Also, another research paper has analyzed 35 brominated flame retardants that are used +0F2jdODNpno-00636-00266132-00266792 as PBDE replacements and concluded that they have similar-enough physical-chemical properties +0F2jdODNpno-00637-00266792-00267318 in terms of persistence by accumulation potential, potential for lonase transport, that, +0F2jdODNpno-00638-00267318-00267861 in the author's words, "they cannot be regarded as suitable replacements to PBDEs." +0F2jdODNpno-00639-00267861-00268032 Next slide, please. +0F2jdODNpno-00640-00268032-00268548 So we are already seeing government agencies addressing the entire class +0F2jdODNpno-00641-00268548-00268720 of organohalogen flame retardants. +0F2jdODNpno-00642-00268720-00269179 For instance, Biomonitoring in California placed the entire class of brominated +0F2jdODNpno-00643-00269179-00269610 and chlorinated organic compounds used as flame retardants on their authoritative list. +0F2jdODNpno-00644-00269610-00270020 Their Scientific Guidance Panel reviewed this class between 2008 and 2009 +0F2jdODNpno-00645-00270020-00270488 and found enough risk of exposure and adverse health effects +0F2jdODNpno-00646-00270488-00271052 to warrant including this entire class, including chemicals that haven't +0F2jdODNpno-00647-00271052-00271658 yet been marketed that are still to be developed within this class. +0F2jdODNpno-00648-00271658-00271865 Next slide, please. +0F2jdODNpno-00649-00271865-00272120 So this quote from Drs. +0F2jdODNpno-00650-00272120-00272676 Needleman and Landrigan was written in 1994 but I think it's still incredibly timely, +0F2jdODNpno-00651-00272676-00273105 that "we are conducting a massive clinical toxicological trial and our children +0F2jdODNpno-00652-00273105-00273498 and our children's children are the experimental subjects." +0F2jdODNpno-00653-00273498-00274017 So it's clearly time to start ending this experimental trial +0F2jdODNpno-00654-00274017-00274373 and the CPSC does have the authority to help protect consumers +0F2jdODNpno-00655-00274373-00274757 from organohalogen flame retardants in this product category +0F2jdODNpno-00656-00274757-00275352 and we as co-Petitioners selected these four product categories because we know +0F2jdODNpno-00657-00275352-00275774 that these are the ones where consumers are most likely to be exposed +0F2jdODNpno-00658-00275774-00276095 when the organohalogen flame retardants are used in additive form +0F2jdODNpno-00659-00276095-00276600 and when they are non-polymerics, so they're easily taken up inside the cells. +0F2jdODNpno-00660-00276600-00276969 So thank you for your time and for the opportunity to provide comments +0F2jdODNpno-00661-00276969-00277185 and I'm welcome to answer any questions. +0F2jdODNpno-00662-00277185-00277335 COMMISSIONER ADLER: Thank you very much. +0F2jdODNpno-00663-00277335-00277797 We now have Dr. Arlene Blum on the telephone and Dr. Miriam Diamond. +0F2jdODNpno-00664-00277797-00278082 I'm going to call on Dr. Blum first. +0F2jdODNpno-00665-00278082-00278439 Dr. Blum, can you hear us? +0F2jdODNpno-00666-00278439-00278658 (No response.) +0F2jdODNpno-00667-00278805-00279556 COMMISSIONER ADLER: I have no idea. +0F2jdODNpno-00668-00279556-00279839 Dr. Blum, can you hear us? +0F2jdODNpno-00669-00279839-00280479 Dr. Blum? (No response.) +0F2jdODNpno-00670-00280479-00280688 COMMISSIONER ADLER: Okay. +0F2jdODNpno-00671-00280688-00280882 Well, let's see about DR. BLUM: Hi. +0F2jdODNpno-00672-00280882-00281064 I just turned my mute off. +0F2jdODNpno-00673-00281064-00281146 Okay, good. +0F2jdODNpno-00674-00281146-00281231 I'm on the phone. +0F2jdODNpno-00675-00281231-00281757 Thank you very much, and I'm Arlene Blum. +0F2jdODNpno-00676-00281757-00282093 I'm the Executive Director of the Green Science Policy Institute +0F2jdODNpno-00677-00282093-00282534 and I'm also the Visiting Scholar in Chemistry at UC Berkeley +0F2jdODNpno-00678-00282534-00283114 and I really appreciate the opportunity to speak with you remote today and I'm going to speak +0F2jdODNpno-00679-00283114-00283596 to you about the topic of regrettable substitution because that is one +0F2jdODNpno-00680-00283596-00284401 of the major reasons that it is imperative to consider the whole class +0F2jdODNpno-00681-00284401-00284944 of organohalogen flame retardants and the classic in my Slide Number 2, +0F2jdODNpno-00682-00284944-00285660 you can see on the left, the flame retardant called Decabromodiphenyl ether. +0F2jdODNpno-00683-00285660-00286391 That means 10 bromines, two phenyl rings, and an ether bond, and you can see the two rings +0F2jdODNpno-00684-00286391-00286997 with the ether bond and bromines all around and after many years, this flame retardant, +0F2jdODNpno-00685-00286997-00287714 which has been widely used in fabric back coatings and electronics and a variety of uses, +0F2jdODNpno-00686-00287714-00288390 was found to be persistent bio-accumulative and toxic and again with an EPA agreement +0F2jdODNpno-00687-00288390-00288930 but not with a regulatory approach has indeed been phased out and is not manufactured +0F2jdODNpno-00688-00288930-00289501 in the U.S. But as the sale of the ether went down, +0F2jdODNpno-00689-00289501-00290138 the replacement on the right is very similar, Decabromodiphenyl ethane, +0F2jdODNpno-00690-00290138-00290567 which has a different connection, ethane rather than the ether, +0F2jdODNpno-00691-00290567-00291092 but it turns out to be possibly more persistent and bio-accumulative +0F2jdODNpno-00692-00291092-00291514 and there's increasing results showing that it's toxic. +0F2jdODNpno-00693-00291514-00292035 So this is that regrettable substitution, sometimes called passive whack-a-mole, +0F2jdODNpno-00694-00292035-00292750 and in the next Slide Number 3, my experience with this goes back a very long time, +0F2jdODNpno-00695-00292750-00293532 nearly 40 years, to when, in 1977, I published a paper +0F2jdODNpno-00696-00293532-00293815 about flame retardants in children's pajamas. +0F2jdODNpno-00697-00293815-00294292 At that time, the main flame retardant was a chemical called brominated tris. +0F2jdODNpno-00698-00294292-00294855 It was up to 10 percent of the weight of the fabric in most children's pajamas +0F2jdODNpno-00699-00294855-00295717 in the U.S. It was found that it ended up inside the children and it was a very strong mutagen. +0F2jdODNpno-00700-00295717-00296580 We published this paper, as I said, in 1977, in January, and in the next slide, Slide 4, +0F2jdODNpno-00701-00296580-00297112 you can see that three months after we published the paper, +0F2jdODNpno-00702-00297112-00297660 the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission banned brominated tri from children's pajamas. +0F2jdODNpno-00703-00297660-00298349 So you were able to act quite rapidly in those days but when brominated tris was banned, +0F2jdODNpno-00704-00298349-00299124 the unfortunate substitute was chlorinated tris, which had similar properties and was indeed, +0F2jdODNpno-00705-00299124-00299790 with the assistance of the CPSC, removed from pajamas in 1978. +0F2jdODNpno-00706-00299790-00300451 And I have to say that since that time, which has been approaching 40 years, +0F2jdODNpno-00707-00300451-00301144 I have thought of this and have not yet seen a flame retardant, organohalogen flame retardant +0F2jdODNpno-00708-00301144-00301600 that has not, upon study, turned out to be problematic. +0F2jdODNpno-00709-00301600-00302214 So there's a long unfortunate record and as people have said, in the next slide, +0F2jdODNpno-00710-00302214-00303174 Penta BDE has a wide variety of human health effects, neurological, reproductive, +0F2jdODNpno-00711-00303174-00303852 and in the next slide, most recently, the National Toxicology Program found clear evidence +0F2jdODNpno-00712-00303852-00304729 of cancer-causing activity from Penta BDE and that means that Penta BDE couches that are +0F2jdODNpno-00713-00304729-00305165 in so many homes, particularly low-income homes, have the potential +0F2jdODNpno-00714-00305165-00305714 to cause serious health problems and since it was used in all furniture pretty much -- +0F2jdODNpno-00715-00305714-00306247 we did a study of a hundred couches and found that most furniture from 1975 +0F2jdODNpno-00716-00306247-00306756 to 2005 in the U.S. contained Penta BDE. +0F2jdODNpno-00717-00306756-00307113 So there's a very long-term and serious problem. +0F2jdODNpno-00718-00307113-00307928 But in the next slide, when Penta BDE was phased out, the replacements were chlorinated tris, +0F2jdODNpno-00719-00307928-00308551 the same chlorinated tris that had been removed from children's pajamas in the '70s, +0F2jdODNpno-00720-00308551-00308936 even though the CPSC had said the estimated lifetime cancer risk was +0F2jdODNpno-00721-00308936-00309156 up to 300 cancer patients per million. +0F2jdODNpno-00722-00309156-00309619 There was a CPSC study saying that in 2006. +0F2jdODNpno-00723-00309619-00309846 Nonetheless, it was the major replacement. +0F2jdODNpno-00724-00309846-00310195 The other replacement, Firemaster 550, +0F2jdODNpno-00725-00310195-00310704 the EPA Design for the Environment predicted reproductive, neurological, +0F2jdODNpno-00726-00310704-00311423 and developmental toxicity as well as persistent degradation products, and indeed if you note, +0F2jdODNpno-00727-00311423-00312119 the brochure on the left, it claimed that the human health toxicity, whatever that means, +0F2jdODNpno-00728-00312119-00312400 of Firemaster would be half of that of Penta. +0F2jdODNpno-00729-00312400-00312997 I guess it's an advertisement for the change, if that's enough. +0F2jdODNpno-00730-00312997-00313458 So we knew that and yet in 2005, those were the replacements. +0F2jdODNpno-00731-00313458-00313972 COMMISSIONER ADLER: Dr. Blum, I'm sorry to interrupt but your time's expired but I'm going +0F2jdODNpno-00732-00313972-00314419 to yield you, if you would like, out of my time an additional 30 seconds. +0F2jdODNpno-00733-00314419-00314540 DR. BLUM: Okay. +0F2jdODNpno-00734-00314540-00314809 Sorry. I talk too slowly. +0F2jdODNpno-00735-00314809-00315098 COMMISSIONER ADLER: No. +0F2jdODNpno-00736-00315098-00315551 DR. BLUM: Now I can't find my slide. +0F2jdODNpno-00737-00315551-00316307 Okay. Well, I think just to conclude that we have considerable data that the substitutes tend +0F2jdODNpno-00738-00316307-00317265 to have the same properties and that indeed I was going to just conclude with the quote +0F2jdODNpno-00739-00317265-00317814 from the Chicago Tribune to remind people that a "deceptive campaign by industry +0F2jdODNpno-00740-00317814-00318140 about toxic flame retardants into our homes and bodies +0F2jdODNpno-00741-00318140-00318402 and the chemicals don't work as promised." +0F2jdODNpno-00742-00318402-00319053 So there is a real opportunity to reduce the use of these chemicals -- COMMISSIONER ADLER: Okay. +0F2jdODNpno-00743-00319053-00319444 Dr. Blum, I'm going to have to cut you off right there and I apologize for doing that. +0F2jdODNpno-00744-00319444-00319718 We may be able to get back to you during the questioning. +0F2jdODNpno-00745-00319718-00320864 I'd like now to see if we have Dr. Diamond on the phone. +0F2jdODNpno-00746-00320864-00321093 (No response.) +0F2jdODNpno-00747-00321093-00321190 COMMISSIONER ADLER: Okay. +0F2jdODNpno-00748-00321190-00321859 I'm told by our technical expert that it takes a minute to get folks off of mute. +0F2jdODNpno-00749-00321859-00322179 So I'm just going to keep asking Dr. Diamond, if you are there? +0F2jdODNpno-00750-00322179-00322354 (No response.) +0F2jdODNpno-00751-00322513-00322718 COMMISSIONER ADLER: Dr. Diamond, can you hear us? +0F2jdODNpno-00752-00322718-00322848 (No response.) +0F2jdODNpno-00753-00323456-00323915 COMMISSIONER ADLER: We'll try one more time and if not, then I think we can move to questions +0F2jdODNpno-00754-00323915-00324360 and if Dr. Diamond comes online, then we can ask for her testimony. +0F2jdODNpno-00755-00324360-00324590 One last time, Dr. Diamond, can you hear us? +0F2jdODNpno-00756-00324590-00324639 (No response.) +0F2jdODNpno-00757-00324639-00324853 COMMISSIONER ADLER: Apparently she cannot. +0F2jdODNpno-00758-00324853-00325418 PANEL 2 QUESTIONS COMMISSIONER ADLER: So I'm going to move to ask a few questions +0F2jdODNpno-00759-00325418-00326046 and I think what I'd like to do, Dr. Balan, since you're here and we can see you +0F2jdODNpno-00760-00326046-00326493 and you're somebody that I can ask this question of. +0F2jdODNpno-00761-00326493-00326865 We have a claim that will be made this afternoon that EPA +0F2jdODNpno-00762-00326865-00327338 and other governmental authorities have determined and this is what the phrase was +0F2jdODNpno-00763-00327338-00327711 that got me a little confused, that "some of the chemistries impacted +0F2jdODNpno-00764-00327711-00328137 by the Petition do not present a significant risk to human health or the environment." +0F2jdODNpno-00765-00328137-00328358 So I guess my question is a broad one. +0F2jdODNpno-00766-00328358-00329014 Are you aware of any organohalogen non-polymeric flame retardant additive that EPA +0F2jdODNpno-00767-00329014-00329456 or any other governmental agency has determined does not present a hazard +0F2jdODNpno-00768-00329456-00329724 to the environment or human health? +0F2jdODNpno-00769-00329724-00330243 DR. BALAN: I am not aware of that. +0F2jdODNpno-00770-00330243-00330911 I know that the EPA is in the process of reviewing certain groups +0F2jdODNpno-00771-00330911-00331473 of organohalogen flame retardants but, yeah, no, I'm not aware. +0F2jdODNpno-00772-00331473-00332014 COMMISSIONER ADLER: And, Ms. Gartner, I'd like to ask you a question. +0F2jdODNpno-00773-00332014-00332597 The Petition limited itself to four categories of consumer products but I sat down +0F2jdODNpno-00774-00332597-00333113 and I said what other consumer products out there and I thought candles, carpets, cabinets, +0F2jdODNpno-00775-00333113-00333367 sheets, towels, shower curtains, appliances. +0F2jdODNpno-00776-00333367-00333991 There are a lot of other products that conceivably might have organohalogens. +0F2jdODNpno-00777-00333991-00334402 So one of the things that we have to do in deciding whether to grant the Petition is +0F2jdODNpno-00778-00334402-00334686 to figure out what the scope of the Petition should be. +0F2jdODNpno-00779-00334686-00335221 Can you explain in a little bit more detail why you limited the request just +0F2jdODNpno-00780-00335221-00335436 to these four product categories? +0F2jdODNpno-00781-00335436-00335601 MS. GARTNER: Yes, Commissioner Adler. +0F2jdODNpno-00782-00335601-00336353 We chose categories where we know organohalogen flame retardants are used in additive form +0F2jdODNpno-00783-00336353-00336770 and in non-polymeric forms, so that it would lead to human exposures, +0F2jdODNpno-00784-00336770-00337191 and we also chose categories where there's documented evidence +0F2jdODNpno-00785-00337191-00337701 that there really is no fire safety benefit to using the halogens +0F2jdODNpno-00786-00337701-00337900 at the levels where they're currently used. +0F2jdODNpno-00787-00337900-00338343 So that might also be the case for additional categories of products but these are the ones +0F2jdODNpno-00788-00338343-00338754 where there's documentation of the lack of fire safety benefit. +0F2jdODNpno-00789-00338754-00339210 COMMISSIONER ADLER: And if I might, Ms. Gartner, +0F2jdODNpno-00790-00339210-00339684 we heard Dr. Blum's discussion of regrettable substitutions. +0F2jdODNpno-00791-00339684-00340158 She did it product by product, showing that when you use one and the famous phrase +0F2jdODNpno-00792-00340158-00340709 of whack-a-mole, you find another one, but can you explain more broadly what the notion +0F2jdODNpno-00793-00340709-00341063 of regrettable substitution is and why it's of such concern +0F2jdODNpno-00794-00341063-00341341 to the Petitioners in this particular case? +0F2jdODNpno-00795-00341341-00341449 MS. GARTNER: Yes. +0F2jdODNpno-00796-00341449-00342281 So the concern is that unless there's a prohibition on the use of any chemical +0F2jdODNpno-00797-00342281-00342858 in this class, that if -- what we've seen, as Dr. Blum is saying, +0F2jdODNpno-00798-00342858-00343204 Penta BDE was used for decades in sofas. +0F2jdODNpno-00799-00343204-00343567 EPA determined 10 years ago that that posed risks. +0F2jdODNpno-00800-00343567-00344079 They were three or four years later than Europe in determining that but they entered +0F2jdODNpno-00801-00344079-00344609 into this voluntary phase-out and then new chemicals came +0F2jdODNpno-00802-00344609-00345118 on that have similar chemical structures and similar toxicity and the concern is +0F2jdODNpno-00803-00345118-00345667 that if this Commission were simply to act against particular chemicals, then we would -- +0F2jdODNpno-00804-00345667-00346218 then the next replacements would have the same problems, similar structure, similar toxicity. +0F2jdODNpno-00805-00346218-00346763 The only way to get at the root of the problem is to address all the chemicals +0F2jdODNpno-00806-00346763-00347415 that have this structure, the bonding of the carbon atom and the halogenated chemical. +0F2jdODNpno-00807-00347415-00347614 COMMISSIONER ADLER: Thank you very much for the question. +0F2jdODNpno-00808-00347614-00347714 I have one last question. +0F2jdODNpno-00809-00347714-00347961 Dr. Balan, if I might direct that to you. +0F2jdODNpno-00810-00347961-00348377 We're going to hear testimony this afternoon from a manufacturer who claims +0F2jdODNpno-00811-00348377-00348821 to have developed effective halogen-free reactive FR chemicals +0F2jdODNpno-00812-00348821-00349066 for use in some consumer products. +0F2jdODNpno-00813-00349066-00349563 Setting aside the question whether we need FR chemicals in some of these products, +0F2jdODNpno-00814-00349563-00350017 is it possible to develop an effective halogen-free reactive FR chemical +0F2jdODNpno-00815-00350017-00350268 for use in consumer products? +0F2jdODNpno-00816-00350268-00350489 DR. BALAN: I believe it is and I believe +0F2jdODNpno-00817-00350489-00351111 that by banning products containing additive non-polymeric organohalogen flame retardants, +0F2jdODNpno-00818-00351111-00351660 we would be opening further opportunities for innovation for finding safer alternatives. +0F2jdODNpno-00819-00351660-00351914 So the fact that the flame retardant would be reactive, +0F2jdODNpno-00820-00351914-00352352 that's good news because it means it's bound to the material, be less likely to cause exposure. +0F2jdODNpno-00821-00352352-00352949 Even if it shows some toxicity, consumers will not be exposed to it during product use. +0F2jdODNpno-00822-00352949-00353101 COMMISSIONER ADLER: Thank you so much. +0F2jdODNpno-00823-00353101-00353195 Commissioner Robinson? +0F2jdODNpno-00824-00353195-00353505 COMMISSIONER ROBINSON: Thank you, Commissioner Adler. +0F2jdODNpno-00825-00353505-00353987 One of my frustrations in reviewing the voluminous materials that were submitted +0F2jdODNpno-00826-00353987-00354307 and in listening to the presentations that have been given to us +0F2jdODNpno-00827-00354307-00354632 over the last few weeks is making sure that we're dealing +0F2jdODNpno-00828-00354632-00354902 with only what's relevant to you Petitioners. +0F2jdODNpno-00829-00354902-00355222 Since you're all Petitioners, I guess any of you could answer this but, Ms. Gartner, +0F2jdODNpno-00830-00355222-00355422 I'm going to aim this question at you. +0F2jdODNpno-00831-00355422-00355919 I just want to be perfectly clear that the only thing that's being asked in the Petition, +0F2jdODNpno-00832-00355919-00356327 as I understand it, deals with non-polymerics, not polymerics, correct? +0F2jdODNpno-00833-00356327-00356425 MS. GARTNER: That's correct. +0F2jdODNpno-00834-00356425-00356603 COMMISSIONER ROBINSON: Additive, not reactive, right? +0F2jdODNpno-00835-00356603-00356708 MS. GARTNER: That's correct. +0F2jdODNpno-00836-00356708-00357250 COMMISSIONER ROBINSON: And when we're talking about electronic devices, when you're talking +0F2jdODNpno-00837-00357250-00357562 about the products, the others are very clear, but I want to be perfectly clear in this, +0F2jdODNpno-00838-00357562-00358002 you're not talking about any flame retardants inside the electronics +0F2jdODNpno-00839-00358002-00358115 but only the casings, correct? +0F2jdODNpno-00840-00358115-00358184 MS. GARTNER: That's correct. +0F2jdODNpno-00841-00358184-00358242 COMMISSIONER ROBINSON: Okay. +0F2jdODNpno-00842-00358242-00358736 And hopefully we'll be able to limit all of the presentations today to just those that are +0F2jdODNpno-00843-00358736-00358964 within the subject areas of the Petition. +0F2jdODNpno-00844-00358964-00359525 The other thing, Dr. Balan, I would like to ask you because we're being asked not only +0F2jdODNpno-00845-00359525-00360096 to ban products that are in existence that are non-polymeric, +0F2jdODNpno-00846-00360096-00360676 additive organohalogen flame retardants but we're also being asked to ban products +0F2jdODNpno-00847-00360676-00361194 that might be created in the future that are in this category and not being a scientist, +0F2jdODNpno-00848-00361194-00361910 I need you to tell me whether you can think of any situation in which a chemical, +0F2jdODNpno-00849-00361910-00362557 a flame retardant, could be invented that met these criteria +0F2jdODNpno-00850-00362557-00363114 that did not have the same endpoint of toxicity that the group +0F2jdODNpno-00851-00363114-00363419 that is in existence now apparently has. +0F2jdODNpno-00852-00363419-00363633 DR. BALAN: Yeah. +0F2jdODNpno-00853-00363633-00364244 I think so the -- we're taking, you know, regrettable substitution, +0F2jdODNpno-00854-00364244-00364663 you've heard all about that, the problem with regrettable substitution, and, +0F2jdODNpno-00855-00364663-00365199 as Dr. Birnbaum said before, there are different toxicity endpoints +0F2jdODNpno-00856-00365199-00365768 for these organohalogen flame retardants, but they do all have certain things in common +0F2jdODNpno-00857-00365768-00366089 and it's too bad Dr. Diamond could not speak +0F2jdODNpno-00858-00366089-00366621 because she has studied the physical-chemical properties of organohalogen flame retardants +0F2jdODNpno-00859-00366621-00367302 and knows that they tend to all share the properties of persistence and bio-accumulation. +0F2jdODNpno-00860-00367302-00367772 So we will have those chemicals in our bodies and by the time we get them in our bodies +0F2jdODNpno-00861-00367772-00368080 and the environment, it will take a very long time for us to determine +0F2jdODNpno-00862-00368080-00368553 if they have harmful human health effects, so. +0F2jdODNpno-00863-00368553-00368851 COMMISSIONER ROBINSON: And would you expect any of the chemicals +0F2jdODNpno-00864-00368851-00369298 within this category to be an SBOC? +0F2jdODNpno-00865-00369298-00369693 DR. BALAN: Yes, that is what Dr. Diamond's research has shown and, +0F2jdODNpno-00866-00369693-00370310 as I said in my testimony, organohalogens in general will tend to enter our cells +0F2jdODNpno-00867-00370310-00370642 and be there for a long time and have potential to cause toxicity. +0F2jdODNpno-00868-00370642-00371025 COMMISSIONER ROBINSON: You're speaking of the lipophilic characteristic? +0F2jdODNpno-00869-00371025-00371165 DR. BALAN: Yes. +0F2jdODNpno-00870-00371165-00371489 The ones that have phosphates in them, so the halogen organophosphates, +0F2jdODNpno-00871-00371489-00371918 those are not lipophilics, so they don't tend to bio-accumulate as much. +0F2jdODNpno-00872-00371918-00372480 They're more water-soluble but they are also not recognized by our cell defenses +0F2jdODNpno-00873-00372480-00372928 and they can have similar -- they can similarly bypass our defenses +0F2jdODNpno-00874-00372928-00373081 and get into the cells to cause toxic effects. +0F2jdODNpno-00875-00373081-00373344 COMMISSIONER ROBINSON: I think that's all I have. +0F2jdODNpno-00876-00373344-00373480 Thank you very much. +0F2jdODNpno-00877-00373480-00373811 COMMISSIONER ADLER: As I understand it, we now have Dr. Diamond on the phone. +0F2jdODNpno-00878-00373811-00373965 Am I correct in saying that? +0F2jdODNpno-00879-00373965-00374086 DR. DIAMOND: Yes. +0F2jdODNpno-00880-00374086-00374283 COMMISSIONER ADLER: Oh, wonderful. +0F2jdODNpno-00881-00374283-00374496 DR. DIAMOND: Oh, my goodness. +0F2jdODNpno-00882-00374496-00374591 That was stressful. +0F2jdODNpno-00883-00374591-00374719 I kept calling out. +0F2jdODNpno-00884-00374719-00375053 COMMISSIONER ADLER: Well, it's stressful for us, too. +0F2jdODNpno-00885-00375053-00375490 But, anyway, thank you for agreeing to testify and you may now begin. +0F2jdODNpno-00886-00375490-00375576 You'll have five minutes. +0F2jdODNpno-00887-00375576-00376129 DR. DIAMOND: Thank you very much for this opportunity to appear before you by phone. +0F2jdODNpno-00888-00376129-00376287 My name is Miriam Diamond. +0F2jdODNpno-00889-00376287-00376685 I'm a professor at the University of Toronto for the past 25 years, +0F2jdODNpno-00890-00376685-00377176 of which 15 of those years I've spent looking at flame retardants, +0F2jdODNpno-00891-00377176-00377493 both through measurements and through modeling. +0F2jdODNpno-00892-00377493-00377710 I'd like to make three points. +0F2jdODNpno-00893-00377710-00378218 The first point is the nature, the physical-chemical properties of the compounds, +0F2jdODNpno-00894-00378218-00378806 that they're semi-volatile organic compounds, coupled with the fact that they're additive. +0F2jdODNpno-00895-00378806-00379263 The fact that they're semi-volatile organic compounds means that they can exist both +0F2jdODNpno-00896-00379263-00379727 in the solid phase, that is, like as the additive into the polymer, +0F2jdODNpno-00897-00379727-00379954 and in the gas phase at the same time. +0F2jdODNpno-00898-00379954-00380635 It's inevitable because of this volatility, the tendency for the chemical to go into the air. +0F2jdODNpno-00899-00380635-00381215 It's inevitable that the chemical will escape from the polymer and enter +0F2jdODNpno-00900-00381215-00381572 into the air in the indoor environment. +0F2jdODNpno-00901-00381572-00382107 Now from the indoor air, they will then partition into surfaces. +0F2jdODNpno-00902-00382107-00382830 So the first point is it's inevitable that these compounds will slowly migrate from the polymer +0F2jdODNpno-00903-00382830-00383265 to which they're added into the environment, be it indoors or outdoors. +0F2jdODNpno-00904-00383265-00383768 The second point I'd like to make is that the compounds are persistent. +0F2jdODNpno-00905-00383768-00384303 Organic compounds break down by the action of sunlight, extreme temperatures, and microbes. +0F2jdODNpno-00906-00384303-00385009 The organohalogens are very persistent and that's outdoors where they persist anywhere, +0F2jdODNpno-00907-00385009-00385401 depending on the compound, for months to decades. +0F2jdODNpno-00908-00385401-00385858 So indoors, where we don't have sunlight, we don't have extreme temperatures, +0F2jdODNpno-00909-00385858-00386219 and we don't have as many microbes, they're extremely persistent. +0F2jdODNpno-00910-00386219-00386562 There are very few opportunities for loss. +0F2jdODNpno-00911-00386562-00387117 Couple that with the fact that it's inevitable that they will continue to be emitted +0F2jdODNpno-00912-00387117-00387648 from the polymer as long as that polymer is in the environment, +0F2jdODNpno-00913-00387648-00388225 you'll continue to have emissions indoors and persistence of the compound. +0F2jdODNpno-00914-00388225-00388924 The third point I would like to make is that because of these properties, we're exposed. +0F2jdODNpno-00915-00388924-00389160 We're exposed in several ways. +0F2jdODNpno-00916-00389160-00389817 We can directly touch the polymer and because it's not chemically bonded, some small +0F2jdODNpno-00917-00389817-00390163 but significant fraction of the chemical will come off +0F2jdODNpno-00918-00390163-00390566 on your hands and we've done testing on that. +0F2jdODNpno-00919-00390566-00391039 Secondly, the chemical, because it's semi-volatile, +0F2jdODNpno-00920-00391039-00391448 will tend to absorb on to surfaces. +0F2jdODNpno-00921-00391448-00391922 Now those surfaces include toys, includes your clothing. +0F2jdODNpno-00922-00391922-00392169 It includes your skin. +0F2jdODNpno-00923-00392169-00392302 It includes the floor. +0F2jdODNpno-00924-00392302-00392457 It includes dust. +0F2jdODNpno-00925-00392457-00393040 We have opportunities through hand-to-mouth contact for direct exposure from, for example, +0F2jdODNpno-00926-00393040-00393644 we touch the casing of our TV or computer, get the flame retardant on our hands +0F2jdODNpno-00927-00393644-00394196 through the casing, through the dust on there, transfer it to our mouth. +0F2jdODNpno-00928-00394196-00394516 So we're exposed in multiple ways. +0F2jdODNpno-00929-00394516-00394699 Now I think I have one more minute. +0F2jdODNpno-00930-00394699-00394873 So I just want to make a final point. +0F2jdODNpno-00931-00394873-00395057 This is actually the fourth point. +0F2jdODNpno-00932-00395057-00395416 One thing we don't tend to -- COMMISSIONER ADLER: You actually have two minutes. +0F2jdODNpno-00933-00395416-00395714 DR. DIAMOND: Am I out of time? +0F2jdODNpno-00934-00395714-00395831 COMMISSIONER ADLER: No. +0F2jdODNpno-00935-00395831-00395897 You have two minutes. +0F2jdODNpno-00936-00395897-00395976 DR. DIAMOND: Two minutes? +0F2jdODNpno-00937-00395976-00396262 Then I can have a leisurely fourth point. +0F2jdODNpno-00938-00396262-00396860 The fourth point is that we don't tend to think of the end of life and I recognize +0F2jdODNpno-00939-00396860-00397286 that you're regulating for fire safety in this point but it behooves us to think +0F2jdODNpno-00940-00397286-00397738 of what happens to these products, particularly electronic products. +0F2jdODNpno-00941-00397738-00398148 The plastic polymers are a hot commodity. +0F2jdODNpno-00942-00398148-00399018 They're purchased after the plastic -- the electronic products go into the waste stream. +0F2jdODNpno-00943-00399018-00399614 So there's a vigorous market for those polymers that contain flame retardants. +0F2jdODNpno-00944-00399614-00400051 Some of those polymers happen to come back to us in other products, +0F2jdODNpno-00945-00400051-00400471 including kitchen utensils and other kitchen items. +0F2jdODNpno-00946-00400471-00400965 For example, I have measured in my own kitchen spoons and the presence of PBDEs +0F2jdODNpno-00947-00400965-00401761 that could not have been intentionally added to kitchen spoons and we've done subsequent testing +0F2jdODNpno-00948-00401761-00402487 to find that other plastic products, such as kitchen spoons, have flame retardants in them. +0F2jdODNpno-00949-00402487-00403180 So to summarize, it's inevitable that these compounds as a class will migrate +0F2jdODNpno-00950-00403180-00404093 out of products and in effect sort of smear the indoor environment and all the surfaces +0F2jdODNpno-00951-00404093-00404398 in the indoor environment with those chemicals. +0F2jdODNpno-00952-00404398-00404703 And with that, I'd like to thank you very much for taking me off mute +0F2jdODNpno-00953-00404703-00404917 and allowing me the opportunity to present. +0F2jdODNpno-00954-00404917-00405120 COMMISSIONER ADLER: Thank you so much. +0F2jdODNpno-00955-00405120-00405589 I now will move to Commissioner Buerkle for questions and I did want +0F2jdODNpno-00956-00405589-00405842 to make one note about an exception. +0F2jdODNpno-00957-00405842-00406497 Because Commissioner Robinson and I were not able to ask you questions, +0F2jdODNpno-00958-00406497-00406789 I'm going to permit her, after we've gone +0F2jdODNpno-00959-00406789-00407088 through these questions, another minute for a question. +0F2jdODNpno-00960-00407088-00407388 But in the moment, Commissioner Buerkle? +0F2jdODNpno-00961-00407388-00407785 COMMISSIONER BUERKLE: Thank you and thanks to all of our panelists for being here today. +0F2jdODNpno-00962-00407785-00407997 We do appreciate your testimony. +0F2jdODNpno-00963-00407997-00408314 I just have a couple of questions, one for Mr. Wallace. +0F2jdODNpno-00964-00408314-00408848 Mr. Wallace, in your testimony, you suggest that all of the four categories of products +0F2jdODNpno-00965-00408848-00409452 that are included in the Petition include large amounts of these organohalogens. +0F2jdODNpno-00966-00409452-00409809 Can you just describe for me what you consider a large amount? +0F2jdODNpno-00967-00409809-00409921 Is it a certain percentage? +0F2jdODNpno-00968-00409921-00409979 What is the number? +0F2jdODNpno-00969-00409979-00410218 MR. WALLACE: It's not a certain percentage. +0F2jdODNpno-00970-00410218-00410614 It's our assessment, based on our -- when we assessed the Petition, +0F2jdODNpno-00971-00410614-00410980 to see if we would be signing on and supporting it. +0F2jdODNpno-00972-00410980-00411666 Our scientists in our office in D.C. concluded that the science was compelling. +0F2jdODNpno-00973-00411666-00411754 COMMISSIONER BUERKLE: Okay. +0F2jdODNpno-00974-00411754-00412201 Well, because we have such a limited time, we'll probably follow up with questions but thank you. +0F2jdODNpno-00975-00412201-00412489 Ms. Gartner, I have a couple questions for you. +0F2jdODNpno-00976-00412489-00412934 Number 1, in your testimony, you suggested that -- +0F2jdODNpno-00977-00412934-00413739 so if a product is declared a banned hazardous substance, that then under Section 15, +0F2jdODNpno-00978-00413739-00414222 we could take action, and I'm just wondering what you suggest -- +0F2jdODNpno-00979-00414222-00414352 what you're suggesting by that. +0F2jdODNpno-00980-00414352-00414759 A recall or what was -- MS. GARTNER: Relating to the legacy uses? +0F2jdODNpno-00981-00414759-00414856 COMMISSIONER BUERKLE: Yes. +0F2jdODNpno-00982-00414856-00414925 MS. GARTNER: Yeah. +0F2jdODNpno-00983-00414925-00415381 So I read that section through a few times and, I mean, obviously you have more experience +0F2jdODNpno-00984-00415381-00415784 with that and I'm not making a particular recommendation at this time +0F2jdODNpno-00985-00415784-00416139 but it could be a recall, it could be a notice, it could -- +0F2jdODNpno-00986-00416139-00416376 it wouldn't have to be a full recall. +0F2jdODNpno-00987-00416376-00416675 There could be replacement foam cushions for sofas. +0F2jdODNpno-00988-00416675-00417362 I think there's a variety of authorities that you have and I haven't -- +0F2jdODNpno-00989-00417362-00417972 I probably haven't given it as much thought as I could but I do know you have the authority +0F2jdODNpno-00990-00417972-00418514 to address the legacy exposures from chemicals that are already in people's homes. +0F2jdODNpno-00991-00418514-00418655 COMMISSIONER BUERKLE: Thank you very much. +0F2jdODNpno-00992-00418655-00419077 And then a second question is currently, the Commission is dealing +0F2jdODNpno-00993-00419077-00419352 with phthalates, another -- yeah. +0F2jdODNpno-00994-00419352-00420017 We've been advised to -- and the scientists, as we're going through this analysis, to divide up +0F2jdODNpno-00995-00420017-00420395 and make distinctions between groups and I'd like to ask your opinion. +0F2jdODNpno-00996-00420395-00420614 Why isn't that appropriate in this situation? +0F2jdODNpno-00997-00420614-00421027 Why aren't we asking to ban all of these products? +0F2jdODNpno-00998-00421027-00421297 MS. GARTNER: Right. +0F2jdODNpno-00999-00421297-00421674 Well, under -- can you say more about what when you say by groups? +0F2jdODNpno-01000-00421674-00422149 COMMISSIONER BUERKLE: Well, some phthalates have been identified as fine and others are banned +0F2jdODNpno-01001-00422149-00422371 and right now, there's a group of them -- there's an interim ban -- MS. GARTNER: Right. +0F2jdODNpno-01002-00422371-00422638 COMMISSIONER BUERKLE: -- and those are the ones we're making the decision on. +0F2jdODNpno-01003-00422638-00422839 MS. GARTNER: So I think with the phthalates, you looked at -- +0F2jdODNpno-01004-00422839-00423310 the CHAP that was convened looked at a particular endpoint +0F2jdODNpno-01005-00423310-00423968 and that endpoint was male reproduction and so the proposal is to ban the phthalates +0F2jdODNpno-01006-00423968-00424299 that act on that particular endpoint. +0F2jdODNpno-01007-00424299-00424651 So what we're saying here, what Dr. Birnbaum said and what Dr. Balan have said, +0F2jdODNpno-01008-00424651-00425255 is that the organohalogens as a class, the organohalogen flame retardants, +0F2jdODNpno-01009-00425255-00425437 they operate on multiple endpoints. +0F2jdODNpno-01010-00425437-00425914 So we're not saying just look at the carcinogenic effect +0F2jdODNpno-01011-00425914-00426243 or just look at the neurotoxic effect. +0F2jdODNpno-01012-00426243-00426428 Many of them are neurotoxic. +0F2jdODNpno-01013-00426428-00426624 Many of them are carcinogenic. +0F2jdODNpno-01014-00426624-00427335 They're not a hundred percent all carcinogenic but all of them, because of this bond +0F2jdODNpno-01015-00427335-00427703 and other physical-chemical properties that I'll leave to the scientists to describe, +0F2jdODNpno-01016-00427703-00428338 all of them have toxicity and meet the standard under the FHSA as being a hazardous substance. +0F2jdODNpno-01017-00428338-00428612 They don't all operate in exactly the same way +0F2jdODNpno-01018-00428612-00428893 but all of them meet the definition of hazardous substance. +0F2jdODNpno-01019-00428893-00429028 COMMISSIONER BUERKLE: Thank you very much. +0F2jdODNpno-01020-00429028-00429401 And, Dr. Blum, for you, as well, I have one question. +0F2jdODNpno-01021-00429401-00430039 You mentioned some of these chemicals being bio-accumulative and I'm wondering +0F2jdODNpno-01022-00430039-00430449 when they're bio-accumulative, does it necessarily mean +0F2jdODNpno-01023-00430449-00430803 that there is some risk of exposure with that chemical? +0F2jdODNpno-01024-00430803-00431510 DR. BLUM: Well, it means that they stay in organisms for a very long time +0F2jdODNpno-01025-00431510-00431813 and the levels go up as you go up the food chain. +0F2jdODNpno-01026-00431813-00432680 So, for example, these chemicals are often in wastewater and they wash into the ocean +0F2jdODNpno-01027-00432680-00433146 where very small creatures eat them and the larger creatures eat the small creatures +0F2jdODNpno-01028-00433146-00433779 and get higher levels and then fish get a higher level and finally you end up with marine mammals +0F2jdODNpno-01029-00433779-00434309 who are quite bio-accumulative and the highest levels in the world, for example, +0F2jdODNpno-01030-00434309-00435252 of PBDEs are in marine mammals around California, where we have the most PBDEs, +0F2jdODNpno-01031-00435252-00435667 and they tend to be lipophilic is the reason. +0F2jdODNpno-01032-00435667-00435960 So they do stay in our bodies a very long time +0F2jdODNpno-01033-00435960-00436541 and all other organisms continue to be exposed to them. +0F2jdODNpno-01034-00436541-00436822 COMMISSIONER BUERKLE: Thank you. +0F2jdODNpno-01035-00436822-00437164 Again, though, we can have a future conversation, I'm sure, maybe in a QFR, +0F2jdODNpno-01036-00437164-00437710 but with regards to even with that kind of accumulation that you've described for us, +0F2jdODNpno-01037-00437710-00438114 does that necessarily mean that there are adverse consequences +0F2jdODNpno-01038-00438114-00438372 to exposure but I think my time is up. +0F2jdODNpno-01039-00438372-00438483 Thank you all very much. +0F2jdODNpno-01040-00438483-00438693 COMMISSIONER ADLER: Commissioner Mohorovic? +0F2jdODNpno-01041-00438693-00438985 COMMISSIONER MOHOROVIC: Thank you, Mr. Chairman, and thank you, Petitioners, +0F2jdODNpno-01042-00438985-00439479 for making the suggestion to the agency and the depth and the quality of your Petition as well +0F2jdODNpno-01043-00439479-00439760 as your availability to myself and the Commission +0F2jdODNpno-01044-00439760-00440045 to answer questions about your suggestion. +0F2jdODNpno-01045-00440045-00440439 I'm interested in the demand drivers for flame retardants and the incorporation +0F2jdODNpno-01046-00440439-00440750 of the four product sectors that you've identified and, +0F2jdODNpno-01047-00440750-00441164 leaving aside the children's products, electronics, and mattresses, +0F2jdODNpno-01048-00441164-00441547 and to focus just on upholstered furniture, if we could, for a moment, +0F2jdODNpno-01049-00441547-00442124 it's generally understood that California Technical Bulletin 117-75, of course, +0F2jdODNpno-01050-00442124-00442725 again before the 2013 revisions, was a significant demand driver for the incorporation +0F2jdODNpno-01051-00442725-00443222 of significant amount of flame retardants to be able to meet that very difficult standard +0F2jdODNpno-01052-00443222-00443672 that was the rule/law in California. +0F2jdODNpno-01053-00443672-00444567 Since then, there's been a 2013 version, so California Technical Bulletin 117-13, +0F2jdODNpno-01054-00444567-00445288 that has made that standard available to be met through the usage of barriers +0F2jdODNpno-01055-00445288-00445943 and other technologies that doesn't require the significant incorporation of flame retardants. +0F2jdODNpno-01056-00445943-00446360 I have one question for each of the Petitioners and for brevity, +0F2jdODNpno-01057-00446360-00446655 I would ask you to answer yes, no, or no comment. +0F2jdODNpno-01058-00446655-00447180 Would you support the Commission adopting Technical Bulletin 117-13 +0F2jdODNpno-01059-00447180-00447606 as a national mandatory standard for upholstered furniture? +0F2jdODNpno-01060-00447606-00447672 Mr. Wallace? +0F2jdODNpno-01061-00447672-00447900 MR. WALLACE: I have to get back to you. +0F2jdODNpno-01062-00447900-00448177 COMMISSIONER MOHOROVIC: I guess that would be no comment. +0F2jdODNpno-01063-00448177-00448335 MR. WALLACE: No comment. +0F2jdODNpno-01064-00448335-00448425 MS. GARTNER: Yes. +0F2jdODNpno-01065-00448425-00448606 DR. BALAN: Yes. +0F2jdODNpno-01066-00448606-00448997 COMMISSIONER MOHOROVIC: Dr. Blum? +0F2jdODNpno-01067-00448997-00449216 DR. BLUM: Yes, I would support it. +0F2jdODNpno-01068-00449216-00449468 COMMISSIONER MOHOROVIC: Dr. Diamond? +0F2jdODNpno-01069-00449468-00449709 DR. DIAMOND: Miriam Diamond, yes. +0F2jdODNpno-01070-00449709-00449909 COMMISSIONER MOHOROVIC: Thank you very much. +0F2jdODNpno-01071-00449909-00450326 In my previous -- in the previous panel, we talked about the exposure pathways +0F2jdODNpno-01072-00450326-00450726 with the upholstered furniture and the study that was done and I'm now informed +0F2jdODNpno-01073-00450726-00451572 that that was limited to dermal exposure and I was wondering if you have any additional study +0F2jdODNpno-01074-00451572-00452164 or information on the exposure pathway that might better inform our staff's analysis +0F2jdODNpno-01075-00452164-00452584 to determine risk assessment, which would be the threshold that we would have +0F2jdODNpno-01076-00452584-00452913 to meet in order to ban moving forward. +0F2jdODNpno-01077-00452913-00453468 Do you have anything with regards to exposure pathways from other means +0F2jdODNpno-01078-00453468-00453853 for the four product categories that are identified in the Petition? +0F2jdODNpno-01079-00453853-00454547 Any of the panelists may jump in if they have something. +0F2jdODNpno-01080-00454547-00455037 DR. BALAN: So currently, the biggest exposure route is +0F2jdODNpno-01081-00455037-00455489 through inhalation of contaminated dust. +0F2jdODNpno-01082-00455489-00456159 Dermal exposure has also recently been shown to be a significant exposure route, as well. +0F2jdODNpno-01083-00456159-00456743 Inhalation is also important but I think the hand-to-mouth contact is +0F2jdODNpno-01084-00456743-00457231 in general the biggest source and including hand-to-mouth +0F2jdODNpno-01085-00457231-00457496 from contaminated dust and from product. +0F2jdODNpno-01086-00457496-00458092 So there have been studies showing that touching electronics and then bringing the hands +0F2jdODNpno-01087-00458092-00458572 to the mouth can create exposure and also when the electronics heat up, +0F2jdODNpno-01088-00458572-00459003 the casings release more of these flame retardants in the dust. +0F2jdODNpno-01089-00459003-00459125 COMMISSIONER MOHOROVIC: Thank you. +0F2jdODNpno-01090-00459125-00459312 Dr. Blum or Dr. Diamond? +0F2jdODNpno-01091-00459312-00459625 DR. BLUM: Can you hear me? +0F2jdODNpno-01092-00459625-00459972 COMMISSIONER MOHOROVIC: Yes. +0F2jdODNpno-01093-00459972-00460114 DR. BLUM: Okay. +0F2jdODNpno-01094-00460114-00460780 Well, there was a very large EPA study about four-five years ago that dealt with Penta BDE. +0F2jdODNpno-01095-00460780-00461430 I believe 80 percent of the exposure was from dust and there's been a number +0F2jdODNpno-01096-00461430-00462047 of studies recently, sadly, finding that children's levels of Penta BDE +0F2jdODNpno-01097-00462047-00462725 and tris are three to five times higher than their parents, which is believe to be due +0F2jdODNpno-01098-00462725-00463427 to hand-to-mouth contact, which is also further showing that dust exposure +0F2jdODNpno-01099-00463427-00463710 through hand-to-mouth contact is really a large source, +0F2jdODNpno-01100-00463710-00464035 given how much higher children's exposure is. +0F2jdODNpno-01101-00464035-00464352 It's a very unfortunate fact that it is that high. +0F2jdODNpno-01102-00464352-00464789 COMMISSIONER MOHOROVIC: Thank you, Dr. Blum. +0F2jdODNpno-01103-00464789-00465097 And, you know, we know that the dose makes the poison. +0F2jdODNpno-01104-00465097-00465397 Is there any of those studies included -- +0F2jdODNpno-01105-00465397-00465912 I recognize and it sounds like the studies have proven that that is a pathway, +0F2jdODNpno-01106-00465912-00466276 dermal oral hand-to-mouth, as well as inhalation. +0F2jdODNpno-01107-00466276-00466695 Has there been any studies to understand the rate with which we might be able +0F2jdODNpno-01108-00466695-00467189 to determine risk assessment outside of just an acknowledgement +0F2jdODNpno-01109-00467189-00467631 that it is a pathway for exposure? +0F2jdODNpno-01110-00467631-00467878 DR. DIAMOND: Yes, and it's Miriam Diamond. +0F2jdODNpno-01111-00467878-00468453 I'd like to add one other exposure pathway and that's through directly mouthing materials +0F2jdODNpno-01112-00468453-00468654 that have the flame retardant absorbed. +0F2jdODNpno-01113-00468654-00469357 For example, the flame retardant will go from dust and from air on to the surface of the toy +0F2jdODNpno-01114-00469357-00469833 or clothing that can be mouthed and that could actually be a significant exposure pathway. +0F2jdODNpno-01115-00469833-00470725 The U.S. EPA has exposure pathway levels so that the risk assessment can be done. +0F2jdODNpno-01116-00470725-00471280 I think what's unclear is that the dust -- we know that there is exposure through dust +0F2jdODNpno-01117-00471280-00471891 but we also appreciate the dust is probably acting as proxy, which is the levels indoors +0F2jdODNpno-01118-00471891-00472475 to which we're exposed, depending on the particular activities of the individual, +0F2jdODNpno-01119-00472475-00473152 and as Dr. Blum mentioned, children tend to be in contact with dust more often than adults +0F2jdODNpno-01120-00473152-00473733 and also tend to mouth products more frequently, leading to those higher exposures. +0F2jdODNpno-01121-00473733-00474130 COMMISSIONER ADLER: I will now ask Commissioner Robinson +0F2jdODNpno-01122-00474130-00474506 if she has any further questions for Dr. Diamond? +0F2jdODNpno-01123-00474506-00474731 COMMISSIONER ROBINSON: Thank you, Commissioner Adler. +0F2jdODNpno-01124-00474731-00475097 I'm only going to follow up on what Dr. Balan said, Dr. Diamond, +0F2jdODNpno-01125-00475097-00475682 that you would be the more appropriate witness to ask this of, and as you know, +0F2jdODNpno-01126-00475682-00476500 we're being asked to ban an entire category or group of chemicals based on information we have +0F2jdODNpno-01127-00476500-00477059 about only a few of them and we're being asked to ban future products that fall +0F2jdODNpno-01128-00477059-00477464 within the category of non-polymeric additive organohalogens. +0F2jdODNpno-01129-00477464-00478074 And my question of you, given the fact that I'm not a scientist, is can you imagine +0F2jdODNpno-01130-00478074-00478414 that a product could be created that would fall into the category +0F2jdODNpno-01131-00478414-00479075 of non-polymeric additive organohalogen that would not have the same endpoints that these +0F2jdODNpno-01132-00479075-00479710 that we've studied do have in terms of the SBOC, the persistence of bio-accumulative, +0F2jdODNpno-01133-00479710-00480168 the hydrophobic aspect, and the resulting toxicity? +0F2jdODNpno-01134-00480168-00480839 DR. DIAMOND: And the quick answer to that is no and the reason is that the very -- +0F2jdODNpno-01135-00480839-00481638 the properties that are favored for the compound to be a flame retardant are the same properties +0F2jdODNpno-01136-00481638-00482379 that lead to persistence bio-accumulative nature and potential toxicity. +0F2jdODNpno-01137-00482379-00482542 COMMISSIONER ROBINSON: Thank you. +0F2jdODNpno-01138-00482542-00482913 COMMISSIONER ADLER: At that, we are now going to take a break. +0F2jdODNpno-01139-00482913-00483683 We're actually ahead of time, miracle of miracles, and we will reconvene at 10:45. +0F2jdODNpno-01140-00483683-00483791 Thank you all so much. +0H9IDLTBUcY-00000-00000000-00001000 Over the last few months, I've seen others have success with chewing gum to make themselves hungry, so I thought I'd try it for myself. +0H9IDLTBUcY-00001-00001000-00001999 I woke up 14 hours after dinner, drank some water and began chewing. +0H9IDLTBUcY-00002-00002000-00003000 Almost immediately, the water started audibly moving through my tummy, so I started recording as I continued to chew. +0H9IDLTBUcY-00003-00003000-00004000 I stopped chewing after about 20 minutes when I felt my first hunger pang, however I didn't get any significant hunger growls. +0H9IDLTBUcY-00004-00004000-00005000 This is a recurring theme, and why the video title says "semi-successful" - I got plenty of tummy noises, just not the tummy noises I was hoping for. +0H9IDLTBUcY-00005-00005000-00006000 This first recording in particular is interesting because, at times, the grumbling sounds like low-pitched static noise. +0H9IDLTBUcY-00006-00006000-00007000 That's why I decided to upload these recordings despite the lack of proper hunger growls. +0H9IDLTBUcY-00007-00007000-00008000 In subsequent recording sessions, I did end up getting some hunger growls though, so not all is lost. +0H9IDLTBUcY-00008-00008000-00009000 Anyway, I'll shut up for now, enjoy! +0H9IDLTBUcY-00009-00178330-00179330 About 30 minutes after I'd finished the last recording, I started getting hunger pangs again, so I laid back down and started recording. +0H9IDLTBUcY-00010-00179330-00180330 I was able to record a few proper hunger growls this time, but nothing significant. +0H9IDLTBUcY-00011-00202080-00203080 This was the first proper hunger growl of the day. +0H9IDLTBUcY-00012-00219296-00220296 Here's the second one. +0H9IDLTBUcY-00013-00238546-00239546 Third growl incoming +0H9IDLTBUcY-00014-00239546-00240546 ...with a follow-up gurgle. +0H9IDLTBUcY-00015-00313406-00314406 I had a shower, and then prepared lunch (just some packet pasta, nothing fancy). +0H9IDLTBUcY-00016-00314406-00315406 But I didn't eat it straight away. I brought it with me into my room, laid down and started chewing a new piece of gum. +0H9IDLTBUcY-00017-00315406-00316406 I was hoping that actively chewing while being able to smell the pasta would help make me hungry again. +0H9IDLTBUcY-00018-00316406-00317406 Like in the first part, I mostly just got a lot of water gurgles. The gurgles are definitely more distinct in this one though, they sound much less like low-pitched noise. +0H9IDLTBUcY-00019-00317406-00318406 I did eventually start getting hunger pangs again about half-way through, some of which produced amazing growls! +0H9IDLTBUcY-00020-00318406-00319406 I'll speak up again when we get to those. +0H9IDLTBUcY-00021-00428430-00429430 This is where I started getting hunger pangs and stopped chewing. +0H9IDLTBUcY-00022-00460026-00461026 This is the first of several big growls I received during this wave. +0H9IDLTBUcY-00023-00508013-00509013 Another small hunger growl. +0H9IDLTBUcY-00024-00517160-00518160 Here comes an epic growl. +0H9IDLTBUcY-00025-00518160-00519160 This one in particular felt amazing, but my tummy wasn't done yet. +0H9IDLTBUcY-00026-00519160-00520160 There were two more amazing-feeling and great-sounding growls to come almost immediately. +0H9IDLTBUcY-00027-00522803-00523803 Here's the next one. +0H9IDLTBUcY-00028-00527053-00528053 And here's the last one... +0H9IDLTBUcY-00029-00528053-00529053 ...with its follow-up gurgle. +0InAe4xFS5u-00000-00000158-00000870 When Zeenat came to us, she had a fractured hip and wounds on her leg. +0InAe4xFS5u-00001-00001079-00001391 She had been hit by a car... +0InAe4xFS5u-00002-00001391-00001743 ...and was in a pitiful condition. +0InAe4xFS5u-00003-00001743-00002005 Despite being in so much pain... +0InAe4xFS5u-00004-00002005-00002335 ...she remained very calm during her treatments. +0InAe4xFS5u-00005-00002457-00002767 Hazel had a similar story as well. +0InAe4xFS5u-00006-00002767-00003051 Her rescuers knew that she would not make it... +0InAe4xFS5u-00007-00003051-00003456 ...if she was left out on the streets. +0InAe4xFS5u-00008-00003456-00003778 They were unable to keep her with them... +0InAe4xFS5u-00009-00003778-00004260 ...which is why they got her here. +0InAe4xFS5u-00010-00004260-00004879 Zeenat got regular treatments till she recovered fully. +0InAe4xFS5u-00011-00004879-00005146 During that time, Hazel found a home. +0InAe4xFS5u-00012-00005146-00005485 Andrea from America decided to adopt her. +0InAe4xFS5u-00013-00005932-00006222 But due to flights not plying at that time... +0InAe4xFS5u-00014-00006222-00006571 ...we were not able to sent Hazel to her forever home immediately. +0InAe4xFS5u-00015-00007404-00007720 During that time, Zeenat and Hazel started becoming friends. +0InAe4xFS5u-00016-00007720-00008098 They became very close to each other. +0InAe4xFS5u-00017-00008098-00008660 They became best friends from the get go, and loved playing with each other. +0InAe4xFS5u-00018-00008660-00009119 When Hazel's adopter found out about her best friend... +0InAe4xFS5u-00019-00009119-00009491 ...she decided to adopt both of them together! +0InAe4xFS5u-00020-00009491-00009806 She didn't want to separate them <3 +0InAe4xFS5u-00021-00010085-00010593 She even made a new garden for both of them to play in! +0InAe4xFS5u-00022-00010593-00011037 She couldn't wait for them to come home! +0InAe4xFS5u-00023-00011037-00011358 After months of waiting, when flights started flying... +0InAe4xFS5u-00024-00011358-00011786 ...we sent Hazel and Zeenat to their new home! +0InAe4xFS5u-00025-00012100-00012577 They love their new family, garden and life! +0InAe4xFS5u-00026-00012577-00012797 Could things get any better? :) +0InAe4xFS5u-00027-00013626-00014115 It's not that while Hazel and Zeenat were waiting to find a home... +0InAe4xFS5u-00028-00014115-00014517 ...other strays were not getting adopted... +0InAe4xFS5u-00029-00014517-00014878 ...because adoption is slowly becoming popular. +0InAe4xFS5u-00030-00014878-00015218 But breeders are still impregnating dogs to sell their puppies... +0InAe4xFS5u-00031-00015218-00015603 ...and there are people still interested in buying breed dogs. +0InAe4xFS5u-00032-00015603-00016086 So, if more people start adopting rather than buying dogs... +0InAe4xFS5u-00033-00016086-00016703 ...then maybe Hazel and Zeenat would have found a home right here in India. +0InAe4xFS5u-00034-00016703-00017088 Let's make adoption a bigger trend and remember that... +0InAe4xFS5u-00035-00017088-00017382 ...friends are made not bought! +0Jj5LhfDhxI-00001-00008483-00009160 ps foam sheet machine +0Jj5LhfDhxI-00002-00009593-00010296 ps foam forming machine +0Jj5LhfDhxI-00003-00010950-00011433 plastic recycle machine and Auxiliary equipment: +0Jj5LhfDhxI-00004-00011690-00012120 booster pump +0Jj5LhfDhxI-00005-00012213-00012679 air compressor +0Jj5LhfDhxI-00006-00012773-00015013 cooling tower/chiller +0Jj5LhfDhxI-00007-00015106-00016043 butane bottle +0Jj5LhfDhxI-00009-00022913-00024216 welcome message me on whatsapp +0KzWhOzGTOM-00000-00009624-00010288 set me free why do i baby why do i love the way you +0KzWhOzGTOM-00001-00011304-00011384 love the always +0KzWhOzGTOM-00002-00013344-00014184 so +0KzWhOzGTOM-00003-00025136-00025304 why do i baby why +0KzWhOzGTOM-00004-00026695-00028183 leave me why do i baby +0KzWhOzGTOM-00005-00028344-00029583 feelings +0KzWhOzGTOM-00006-00035280-00035872 yeah everybody knows that i'm breaking down everybody knows i ain't faking now everybody knows +0KzWhOzGTOM-00007-00035872-00036320 my heart's faking now yeah she hates me now i made mistakes but now i don't ever want to be alone i +0KzWhOzGTOM-00008-00036320-00036800 don't really ever feel at home on my own in the zone that's the only way i know feeling low about +0KzWhOzGTOM-00009-00036800-00037328 to blow back up don't ever let the doubt creep in gotta pop a couple more restaurants i don't think +0KzWhOzGTOM-00010-00037328-00037896 i'll ever let you in easier to break it off as friends i don't really understand myself i don't +0KzWhOzGTOM-00011-00037896-00040784 really understand need help i don't want to be left on the shelf couldn't even hear me outside +0KzWhOzGTOM-00012-00041016-00042184 oh +0KzWhOzGTOM-00013-00043360-00043768 but i never let it take me to that place now i won't never let my thoughts get away now i got +0KzWhOzGTOM-00014-00043768-00044200 better things to do picking fate now i just wanna be the best call me great now i don't know if i'm +0KzWhOzGTOM-00015-00044200-00044624 okay or insane now i remember better days on the playground hoping i could find my way even when +0KzWhOzGTOM-00016-00044624-00045160 i'm facing down i fight even when i don't know what is right i'ma pick a side and i'ma take pride +0KzWhOzGTOM-00017-00045160-00045624 i will decide my fate and i will never let them tell me who i am if you try to shake +0KzWhOzGTOM-00018-00045624-00046384 me i'll be damned planted on the ground is where i stand never give up that was always +0KzWhOzGTOM-00019-00046872-00047784 it's so cold outside +0KzWhOzGTOM-00020-00051384-00051984 do +0KzWhOzGTOM-00021-00054255-00054784 there are so many things +0KzWhOzGTOM-00022-00056824-00057584 is +0KzWhOzGTOM-00023-00059808-00060384 oh +0KzWhOzGTOM-00024-00062584-00063096 my heart rages around like an ocean in my +0KzWhOzGTOM-00025-00064744-00065984 is +0KzWhOzGTOM-00026-00067896-00068784 here +0KzWhOzGTOM-00027-00069328-00070184 so +0KzWhOzGTOM-00028-00071184-00071584 reality +0KzWhOzGTOM-00029-00074360-00075784 oh +0KzWhOzGTOM-00030-00078904-00079984 hello +0KzWhOzGTOM-00031-00080040-00081384 uh +0KzWhOzGTOM-00032-00082536-00082784 me +0KzWhOzGTOM-00033-00084536-00085584 uh +0KzWhOzGTOM-00034-00088384-00088392 you +0KzWhOzGTOM-00035-00089784-00089968 oh +0KA5ai1XA6o-00000-00000056-00000680 hello my name is Andrew Harvey and today I'll be talking about the lack of labiodentals in +0KA5ai1XA6o-00001-00000680-00001064 Ihanzu framed specifically as a result of contact with Hadza +0KA5ai1XA6o-00002-00001552-00002352 The F-31 Bantu languages of north central Tanzania Nyilamba and Ihanzu do not feature labiodentals +0KA5ai1XA6o-00003-00002352-00002840 this is remarkable in that all of the other languages of the intermediate genetic grouping +0KA5ai1XA6o-00004-00002840-00003488 to which Nyilamba and Ihanzu belong - the Takama branch - feature labiodentals robustly with a +0KA5ai1XA6o-00005-00003488-00004088 specific focus on Ihanzu this talk describes the lack of labiodentals in this language as a direct +0KA5ai1XA6o-00006-00004088-00004648 result of contact with the language isolate Hadza following a brief introduction to the +0KA5ai1XA6o-00007-00004648-00005232 Ihanzu language and its larger context the talk reviews the lexical comparative work in Masele +0KA5ai1XA6o-00008-00005232-00005792 2001 to establish that though every language of the Takama branch developed labiodentals +0KA5ai1XA6o-00009-00005792-00006328 independently either through sound changes or via the borrowing of lexical items Ihonzu did not +0KA5ai1XA6o-00010-00006392-00006816 this preservation of older structures is attributed to the existence of a parallel +0KA5ai1XA6o-00011-00006816-00007368 structure that is a lack of labiodentals in the phonemic inventory in the contact language Hadza +0KA5ai1XA6o-00012-00007456-00007904 in order to attribute this preservation of a system lacking labiodentals to contact +0KA5ai1XA6o-00013-00007904-00008424 with the language isolate Hadza which currently features the labiodental [f] the talk establishes +0KA5ai1XA6o-00014-00008424-00008936 the adoption of [f] as a relatively recent effect of Hadza contact with the south Cushitic language +0KA5ai1XA6o-00015-00008936-00009504 Iraqw and argues that at the time and place of relevant contact with Ihanzu Hadza did not feature +0KA5ai1XA6o-00016-00009504-00010024 this phoneme additional non-linguistic evidence of the nature of Ihanzu Hadza contact is provided +0KA5ai1XA6o-00017-00010024-00010568 from oral histories origin stories and descent patterns of both the Ihanzu speaker community +0KA5ai1XA6o-00018-00010568-00011096 and the Bantu-speaking peoples of the wider region in the context of this workshop the talk provides +0KA5ai1XA6o-00019-00011096-00011656 a clear-cut example of the effects of a non-Bantu language - Hadza - on the sound inventory of +0KA5ai1XA6o-00020-00011744-00012256 a Bantu language Ihanzu within the larger ecology of the complex interchanges occurring +0KA5ai1XA6o-00021-00012256-00012736 in the Tanzanian Rift Valley Area in addition the proposed contact is recent enough to serve +0KA5ai1XA6o-00022-00012736-00013240 as a concrete case study but also old enough that is pre-colonial to require recourse to +0KA5ai1XA6o-00023-00013240-00013696 linguistic and other non-direct methods of observation such as oral traditions +0KA5ai1XA6o-00024-00013896-00014560 to begin the Tanzanian Rift Valley Area delimited in Kießling, Mous, and Nurse's 2008 chapter +0KA5ai1XA6o-00025-00014560-00014991 roughly according to this red line is unique on the African continent +0KA5ai1XA6o-00026-00014991-00015576 in that it is the only place in which all four of Greenberg's 1955 language families are in contact +0KA5ai1XA6o-00027-00015576-00016047 and have been in contact for a long period of time Greenberg's four-fold division has +0KA5ai1XA6o-00028-00016047-00016536 most probably outlived its usefulness but the Tanzanian Rift Valley Area is still an incredibly +0KA5ai1XA6o-00029-00016536-00017160 important place for the study of language contact with representatives from Afroasiatic, Nilotic, +0KA5ai1XA6o-00030-00017160-00017752 Niger-Congo as well as the possibly Khoe-Kwadi language Sandawe and the language isolate Hadza +0KA5ai1XA6o-00031-00017816-00018168 in focusing on just a couple of these languages today it is hoped that we +0KA5ai1XA6o-00032-00018168-00018760 will get a good sense for the richness and complexity of this small part of East Africa +0KA5ai1XA6o-00033-00018856-00019400 Ihanzo is a Bantu language of Malcolm Guthrie's geographically-based F-group no dedicated language +0KA5ai1XA6o-00034-00019400-00019792 survey has been conducted to determine the number of Ihanzu speakers but the Languages of +0KA5ai1XA6o-00035-00019792-00020320 Tanzania Project estimated that in 2009 there were 26 000 speakers of the Ihanzu in total +0KA5ai1XA6o-00036-00020376-00020888 the Ihanzu have extensive oral accounts of a historical migration to their current homeland +0KA5ai1XA6o-00037-00020888-00021704 and often recall moving south often by or through Lake Nyanza (Victoria) the Ihanzu are notable in +0KA5ai1XA6o-00038-00021704-00022168 the Tanzanian Rift in that they are sedentary farmers and see themselves unambiguously as such +0KA5ai1XA6o-00039-00022168-00022664 as compared to other farming groups who prefer to identify as pastoralists with sorghum and +0KA5ai1XA6o-00040-00022664-00023184 more recently maize as important staple crops culturally the Ihanzu are renowned throughout +0KA5ai1XA6o-00041-00023184-00023592 the Rift Valley Area for their rain making an institutionalized practice that continues +0KA5ai1XA6o-00042-00023592-00024112 to this present day for an idea of what spoken Ihanzu sounds like i'll play a short recording +0KA5ai1XA6o-00043-00024112-00025384 of Samweli Issiah talking with John Kipimo about Ihanzu riddles as a literary and pedagogical genre +0KA5ai1XA6o-00044-00027992-00028512 the recording of this talk will be stored as part of WOCAL10 with the open science framework +0KA5ai1XA6o-00045-00028512-00028936 and I will also make the talk available on YouTube via the link displayed here +0KA5ai1XA6o-00046-00029464-00029936 returning to our map of the area I'd like to visualize the feature which we will be +0KA5ai1XA6o-00047-00029936-00030448 examining today that is the lack of a whole articulatory subclass of fricatives that is +0KA5ai1XA6o-00048-00030448-00031000 the labiodental fricatives the most relevant sounds for this area being [f] and [v] the +0KA5ai1XA6o-00049-00031000-00031624 most unambiguous example is Ihanzu but for at least three other languages - Hadza Sandawe and +0KA5ai1XA6o-00050-00031624-00032127 possibly also Nyilamba - the argument can be made that [f] and [v] are rare +0KA5ai1XA6o-00051-00032127-00032472 occur in recent borrowings only and are otherwise marginal sounds +0KA5ai1XA6o-00052-00032600-00033296 swapping our shapes for pins and changing our base map to Google maps an even more striking pattern +0KA5ai1XA6o-00053-00033296-00033864 emergence we find if we zoom out that the rest of the languages with which Ihanzu shares common +0KA5ai1XA6o-00054-00033864-00034560 predecessor - Takama - all have the phonemes [f] and [v] save Ihanzu and probably Nyilamba +0KA5ai1XA6o-00055-00034736-00035200 to begin the data seem to clearly show that Proto-Takama the predecessor to +0KA5ai1XA6o-00056-00035200-00035784 all the languages shown in this tree adapted from Masele 2001 did not possess any fricatives +0KA5ai1XA6o-00057-00035888-00036408 as each language patterns very differently in terms of where and what fricatives it displays +0KA5ai1XA6o-00058-00036408-00037016 for the reconstructed Proto-Bantu source lexeme in our first example showing the reflexes of the +0KA5ai1XA6o-00059-00037016-00037640 reconstructed Proto-Bantu word for "foam" we can see what looks like a neat division with Kimbu +0KA5ai1XA6o-00060-00037640-00038344 Nyamwezi and Sukuma developing the labiodental [f] and Ihanzu-Nyilamba retaining [p] based +0KA5ai1XA6o-00061-00038344-00038792 on a pattern like this alone we may think that Proto-Takama actually did have the labiodental +0KA5ai1XA6o-00062-00038864-00039416 our next example showing the reflexes of the reconstructed Proto-Bantu form for "ashes" +0KA5ai1XA6o-00063-00039416-00039968 begins to show us how the pattern is actually less neat with the Nyamwezi form developing a +0KA5ai1XA6o-00064-00039968-00040576 voiced labiodental and the Sukuma form developing a bilabial fricative this represents a specific +0KA5ai1XA6o-00065-00040576-00041128 form of palatalization which Masele shows applying specifically to Nyamwezi varieties only and we can +0KA5ai1XA6o-00066-00041128-00041928 compare the work of Labroussi in 1999 on Bantu specific palatalization our next example giving +0KA5ai1XA6o-00067-00041928-00042528 the reflexes for the reconstructed Proto-Bantu form "to fear" shows that the diversity of sound +0KA5ai1XA6o-00068-00042528-00043104 changes from Proto-Takama is similar for Nyaturu Ihanzu and Nyilamba each of these forms patterning +0KA5ai1XA6o-00069-00043104-00043704 differently and Nyaturu developing a labiodental [f] from the Proto-Bantu bilabial stop [b] +0KA5ai1XA6o-00070-00043832-00044352 in the next example we can see another labiodental in Nyaturu this time an [f] developing from a +0KA5ai1XA6o-00071-00044352-00044984 velar stop preceding a super close [u] sound Nyaturu is described by Masele as undergoing +0KA5ai1XA6o-00072-00044984-00045560 a group of special lenition processes markedly different from Sukuma and Nyamwezi resulting in +0KA5ai1XA6o-00073-00045560-00046256 its highly salient phonology sound changes aside labiodentals have also entered languages of the +0KA5ai1XA6o-00074-00046256-00046824 Takama branch by borrowing either from languages outside of Takama or from other languages within +0KA5ai1XA6o-00075-00046824-00047312 Takama itself Kimbu is a good example of this where the data shows that we don't see any +0KA5ai1XA6o-00076-00047312-00047784 of the consistency which would otherwise indicate the application of sound changes +0KA5ai1XA6o-00077-00047864-00048400 in the examples "foam" and "to fear" we see Kimbu patterning as Nyamwezi-Sukuma +0KA5ai1XA6o-00078-00048400-00049008 but with the example "ashes" we see Kimbu patterning with Nyaturu, Ihanzu and Nyilamba +0KA5ai1XA6o-00079-00049008-00049456 this leads Masele to conclude that Kimbu did not undergo any of the relevant sound changes +0KA5ai1XA6o-00080-00049456-00050080 from Proto-Takama but instead adopted many loans from other Takama languages which did especially +0KA5ai1XA6o-00081-00050080-00050736 from the Nyamwezi varieties the story then is that at some earlier point Kimbu would have had forms +0KA5ai1XA6o-00082-00050736-00051416 for "foam" and "ashes" more similar to the forms in Ihanzu and Nyilamba but then these forms were +0KA5ai1XA6o-00083-00051416-00052112 replaced by forms more similar to Nyamwezi and Sukuma due to intensive contact boring however +0KA5ai1XA6o-00084-00052112-00052848 did not introduce either [f] or [v] into Ihanzu as this final example illustrates within the +0KA5ai1XA6o-00085-00052848-00053512 Ihanzu-Nyilamba branch the form for grass [masaánsi] exists in one form or another for all +0KA5ai1XA6o-00086-00053512-00054208 varieties except for Ihanzu which uses the term [mapwa] it also seems like [masaánsi] isn't an +0KA5ai1XA6o-00087-00054208-00054808 innovation within Nyilamba in that it also exists in the geographically distant Kimbu language +0KA5ai1XA6o-00088-00054808-00055360 instead it looks like [mapwa] in Ihanzu is the result of a borrowing from geographically close +0KA5ai1XA6o-00089-00055360-00056008 Jinakiiya variety of Sukuma [mafa] the form is not simply borrowed into Ihanzu with the labiodental +0KA5ai1XA6o-00090-00056008-00056791 however it is instead adapted as [mapwa] to repair the illicit labiodental segment [f] reviewing what +0KA5ai1XA6o-00091-00056791-00057376 we have just seen data originally presented and analyzed in Masele 2001 shows us that Proto-Takama +0KA5ai1XA6o-00092-00057376-00057991 did not feature any fricatives including the labiodentals [f] and [v] and instead all of its +0KA5ai1XA6o-00093-00057991-00058504 daughter languages developed [f] and [v] through a series of more or less independent sound changes +0KA5ai1XA6o-00094-00058504-00058984 or through later borrowings of lexical items from languages which had undergone these sound changes +0KA5ai1XA6o-00095-00059072-00059536 except for Ihanzu and Nyilamba which did not undergo the sound changes resulting in the +0KA5ai1XA6o-00096-00059536-00060176 labiodentals [f] and [v] and also did not adopt [f] and [v] through borrowing as such the lack +0KA5ai1XA6o-00097-00060176-00060784 of [f] and [v] in Ihanzu and Nyilamba is in fact a case of retention from Proto-Takama and not a case +0KA5ai1XA6o-00098-00060784-00061416 of innovation but why the summary above might be a satisfactory explanation but it does not +0KA5ai1XA6o-00099-00061416-00061967 address the strikingly salient pattern that of all the Bantu languages of the genetic grouping +0KA5ai1XA6o-00100-00061967-00062567 and within the wider geographical spread only Ihanzu and Nyilamba do not feature labiodentals +0KA5ai1XA6o-00101-00062567-00063055 so the rest of this talk will proceed from this question entertaining a contact scenario as the +0KA5ai1XA6o-00102-00063055-00063576 result for why this has come about and though language contact is much more often discussed +0KA5ai1XA6o-00103-00063576-00064232 in the contact of in the context of it being an initiator or facilitator of sound change +0KA5ai1XA6o-00104-00064232-00064720 we do actually have some accounts of language contact as being an inhibitor of sound change +0KA5ai1XA6o-00105-00064776-00065288 take for example the case study of the Spanish as spoken in Majorca which is analyzed as having +0KA5ai1XA6o-00106-00065288-00065792 retained several features of earlier Spanish where other Spanish varieties lost these features due +0KA5ai1XA6o-00107-00065792-00066240 to the sound changes listed here in Majorcan Spanish the reason that these sound changes +0KA5ai1XA6o-00108-00066240-00066784 were blocked or diminished was that the same features of earlier Spanish are also present in +0KA5ai1XA6o-00109-00066784-00067424 contemporary Catalan a language with which Spanish speakers in Majorca would be in regular contact +0KA5ai1XA6o-00110-00067616-00068216 I'd like to propose that the same sort of dynamic applies to Ihanzu and Nyilamba all of the sound +0KA5ai1XA6o-00111-00068216-00068760 changes underwent in the surrounding Takama-branch Bantu languages including the palatalization and +0KA5ai1XA6o-00112-00068760-00069392 lenition processes noted above were blocked by the preservation of parallel structures of a language +0KA5ai1XA6o-00113-00069392-00070024 with which Ihanzu was in contact specifically this parallel structure would be the absence +0KA5ai1XA6o-00114-00070024-00070704 of labiodental fricatives [f] and [v] in the phonological inventory the specific contact +0KA5ai1XA6o-00115-00070704-00071392 language being the language isolate with which Ihanzu is geographically contiguous Hadza Hadza is +0KA5ai1XA6o-00116-00071392-00072072 spoken by between 1 000 and 6 000 people near Lake Eyasi and the speaker community has been a source +0KA5ai1XA6o-00117-00072072-00072640 of fascination for anthropologists and tourists for many years due to a subset of Hadza-speakers +0KA5ai1XA6o-00118-00072640-00073224 practicing a form of hunter-gatherer subsistence linguistically Hadza features a series of phonemic +0KA5ai1XA6o-00119-00073224-00073824 click consonants a rather free constituent order and very rich oral tradition for some idea of +0KA5ai1XA6o-00120-00073824-00074296 how Hadza sounds here's a quick recording of Mariamu Anyawire and Tumaini Njegela +0KA5ai1XA6o-00121-00077856-00078328 however in proposing Hadza as the language which has resulted in Ihanzu and Nyilamba +0KA5ai1XA6o-00122-00078328-00078632 not developing labiodentals we encounter one major problem +0KA5ai1XA6o-00123-00078752-00079088 and that being that Hadza does possess a labiodental fricative +0KA5ai1XA6o-00124-00079088-00079760 [f] so I'd now like to argue that the adoption of this phoneme into Hadza was a recent development +0KA5ai1XA6o-00125-00079944-00080456 after going through a version of Kirk Miller's manuscript of manuscript Hadza lexicon of the +0KA5ai1XA6o-00126-00080456-00080960 several thousand entries I managed to find 21 words containing [f] virtually all of +0KA5ai1XA6o-00127-00080960-00081536 these words are marked as possible loans and many of the remaining use [f] in a mimetic +0KA5ai1XA6o-00128-00081536-00082184 sense two words out of the 21 are probably from the group of Southern Nilotic languages known as +0KA5ai1XA6o-00129-00082184-00082816 Datooga and seven more are recognizable as borrowings from the South Cushitic Language Iraqw +0KA5ai1XA6o-00130-00082944-00083656 three further forms are not traceable to Iraqw but to its predecessor language Proto West Rift some +0KA5ai1XA6o-00131-00083656-00084216 forms even seem strikingly similar to Swahili or perhaps some other G-group Bantu language +0KA5ai1XA6o-00132-00084376-00085080 of the two remaining forms one is the name of a bird known as a drongo sometimes in English +0KA5ai1XA6o-00133-00085080-00085664 called the water bottle bird and is clearly onomatopoeic in form the remaining is also +0KA5ai1XA6o-00134-00085664-00086200 memetic this time an ideophone for something moving at speed the remaining five forms in +0KA5ai1XA6o-00135-00086200-00086824 the manuscript lexicon weren't listed as having any immediate obvious sources in other languages +0KA5ai1XA6o-00136-00086824-00087384 but I expect that with a bit of head-scratching these could also be resolved as borrowings as +0KA5ai1XA6o-00137-00087384-00087968 such we can conclude that Hadza does not feature [v] and until very recently featured [f] only as +0KA5ai1XA6o-00138-00087968-00088536 a marginal consonant or perhaps did not feature it at all this allows us to proceed on the assumption +0KA5ai1XA6o-00139-00088536-00089088 that the structure of the Hadza phonemic inventory could well have influenced Hadza and Nyilamba +0KA5ai1XA6o-00140-00089088-00089672 resulting in both of these languages contemporary lack of labiodentals the last piece of this puzzle +0KA5ai1XA6o-00141-00089672-00090264 is then to make the case for contact not just in terms of geographical proximity but also in +0KA5ai1XA6o-00142-00090264-00090896 terms of the kind of intense prolonged interaction required for two languages to impact one another +0KA5ai1XA6o-00143-00091048-00091408 the case for this kind of contact between the Ihanzu and Hadza speaker communities +0KA5ai1XA6o-00144-00091408-00091944 is actually not entirely uncontroversial to make this is because in most contemporary accounts the +0KA5ai1XA6o-00145-00091944-00092504 Hadzabe are often portrayed as geographically isolated and culturally homogeneous people +0KA5ai1XA6o-00146-00092584-00093144 experiences of contact are often either deliberately downplayed or erased of Blurton +0KA5ai1XA6o-00147-00093144-00093560 Jones' first quote I think the preceding parts of this talk have also made it clear +0KA5ai1XA6o-00148-00093560-00094200 that while the Hadza language is distinct it also bears witness to layer upon layer of contact with +0KA5ai1XA6o-00149-00094200-00094696 all of the neighbouring peoples of Blurton Jones' second quote I think that this is just plain +0KA5ai1XA6o-00150-00094696-00095184 inaccurate both in the context of the 20th century as well as the several centuries that preceded it +0KA5ai1XA6o-00151-00095320-00095808 moving on from the views of evolutionary anthropologists convincing evidence of this +0KA5ai1XA6o-00152-00095808-00096496 kind of intense prolonged contact for which we are looking appears again and again in Sanders' 2008 +0KA5ai1XA6o-00153-00096496-00097008 ethnography of Ihanzu rainmaking it is mentioned that the Ihanzu an agricultural people have +0KA5ai1XA6o-00154-00097008-00097528 multiple accounts of fleeing to the forests during times of famine to live with the Hadzabe people +0KA5ai1XA6o-00155-00097528-00098040 who showed them how to hunt and gather wild foods until crops could be grown and harvested +0KA5ai1XA6o-00156-00098040-00098656 again this is the same sort of account given by the Jinyakiiya Sukuma community in an account +0KA5ai1XA6o-00157-00098712-00099272 recently given by Amani Lusekelo people who relied on agriculture to survive would integrate +0KA5ai1XA6o-00158-00099272-00099824 themselves into Hadza-speaking communities during famine perhaps associated with this +0KA5ai1XA6o-00159-00099824-00100480 is another concept in sanders work that of the title of anyaihᵼ an Ihanzu term meaning something +0KA5ai1XA6o-00160-00100480-00101104 like "owners of the land" Sanders explains that this title was given exclusively to two groups +0KA5ai1XA6o-00161-00101184-00101864 the Ihanzu hereditary rainmaker clan of the Anyampanda and the Hadzabe people this echoes +0KA5ai1XA6o-00162-00101864-00102368 the kind of dynamic described described in Gunnink et al. 2015 where early speakers of +0KA5ai1XA6o-00163-00102368-00102872 southwestern Bantu languages upon arriving in a new place are understood to have held the existing +0KA5ai1XA6o-00164-00102872-00103335 speaker communities in high regard especially for their familiarity with the local environment +0KA5ai1XA6o-00165-00103504-00104088 drawing clues from a neighbouring region of Tanzania Bender Shetler 2003's work on the oral +0KA5ai1XA6o-00166-00104088-00104728 histories of the peoples of South Mara reveal the centrality of their matrilineal descent patterns +0KA5ai1XA6o-00167-00104728-00105248 to both their history and to their legend the two of which are often difficult to disentangle +0KA5ai1XA6o-00168-00105320-00105840 ethnic origin stories are often framed in terms of a group of sisters traveling and +0KA5ai1XA6o-00169-00105840-00106383 fragmenting across new and unfamiliar land eventually encountering an unknown man who +0KA5ai1XA6o-00170-00106383-00107032 is skilled in hunting and making fire the marriage of this man and one of these sisters and the man's +0KA5ai1XA6o-00171-00107032-00107616 subsequent subordination to his wife is seen as the legendary beginning of the ethnic group +0KA5ai1XA6o-00172-00107720-00108304 Bender Shetler comments at length on the utility of matrilineal descent systems among groups in a +0KA5ai1XA6o-00173-00108304-00108904 frontier model of expansion which are well suited for the incorporation of outsiders who a slowly +0KA5ai1XA6o-00174-00108904-00109496 expanding agricultural people would encounter as they spread over generations across the land +0KA5ai1XA6o-00175-00109632-00110272 having read the accounts of local Ihanzu historian Onesmo Dadi the parallels are striking as much +0KA5ai1XA6o-00176-00110272-00110840 of his account also details the movement and spread of peoples across a new frontier land it +0KA5ai1XA6o-00177-00110840-00111280 should also be said that the Ihanzu people also practice matrilineal descent seeing +0KA5ai1XA6o-00178-00111344-00112048 children produced of mixed marriages as ethnically Ihanzu and as such it would not be surprising to +0KA5ai1XA6o-00179-00112048-00112535 learn that many Ihanzu-speaking children were born to men who spoke Hadza as their first language +0KA5ai1XA6o-00180-00112535-00113264 children would have learned the language of their mother that being Ihanzu to recapitulate then +0KA5ai1XA6o-00181-00113264-00113776 historical sources as well as anthropological evidence indicates intense contact between +0KA5ai1XA6o-00182-00113776-00114208 Ihanzu and Hadza speech communities with the possibility that Ihanzu communities +0KA5ai1XA6o-00183-00114208-00114656 incorporated significant numbers of Hada of speaking people over an extended period of time +0KA5ai1XA6o-00184-00114776-00115304 to conclude then through a series of different sound changes or through borrowing every language +0KA5ai1XA6o-00185-00115304-00115864 of the Takama branch features labiodental sounds [f] and [v] except for Ihanzu and Nyilamba which +0KA5ai1XA6o-00186-00115864-00116504 do not feature [f] or [v] in Ihanzu and Nyilamba sound changes resulting in [f] and [v] and other +0KA5ai1XA6o-00187-00116504-00117048 languages as well as zero adaptation of words with [f] and [v] were blocked by the lack of +0KA5ai1XA6o-00188-00117048-00117559 labiodentals in hanza another language which many members of the speaker communities knew +0KA5ai1XA6o-00189-00117632-00118183 at the time of the relevant Hadza-Ihanzu and -Nyilamba contact noted above Hadza did not +0KA5ai1XA6o-00190-00118183-00118783 possess labiodental consonants or labiodentals were highly marginal in the sound system +0KA5ai1XA6o-00191-00118783-00119200 the labiodental [f] in contemporary Hadza is the result of more recent +0KA5ai1XA6o-00192-00119200-00120583 contact with the South Cushitic language Iraq thank you and these are my references +0KA5ai1XA6o-00193-00121768-00121776 you +0KK8yEu3kzI-00000-00000944-00000952 AJO +0MsPmCRsZUU-00000-00000003-00000413 So I was playing some ranked Vayne game today, and before going into the actual +0MsPmCRsZUU-00001-00000413-00000888 game footage, I want to show you what happened. First look at the scores. Seems +0MsPmCRsZUU-00002-00000888-00001296 like an average game where you won two lanes and lost one, junglers were pretty +0MsPmCRsZUU-00003-00001296-00001760 useless on both sides and each team had their fed star players. Now look at the +0MsPmCRsZUU-00004-00001760-00002064 damage. Azir is clearly a problem for the enemy +0MsPmCRsZUU-00005-00002064-00002501 team, but let me tell you that they were diving his passive like idiots, so it's +0MsPmCRsZUU-00006-00002501-00003096 not like he was playing spectacularly well. I mean, 9.2 is good, but nothing you +0MsPmCRsZUU-00007-00003096-00003492 don't see every day. I was 7 zero at the end but my damage is +0MsPmCRsZUU-00008-00003492-00003960 nothing spectacular either. It's only 2k more damage than the enemy Ashe that +0MsPmCRsZUU-00009-00003960-00004719 ended 0.4.0. So how did we end up winning in 19.23 minutes? +0MsPmCRsZUU-00010-00004719-00005121 No one went afk, no one inted, nothing like that. We were +0MsPmCRsZUU-00011-00005121-00005511 able to turn a winning lane into a winning game, where I was serving as a +0MsPmCRsZUU-00012-00005511-00006003 shot caller for my team. You also have to do this. There's two crucial aspects for +0MsPmCRsZUU-00013-00006003-00006450 our win here, but let's take a look at the game. So normal farming situation +0MsPmCRsZUU-00014-00006450-00007004 with a bit of poke here and there and we get a gank that ends up in a kill. +0MsPmCRsZUU-00015-00007481-00007920 This actually freed Warwick to help out the other lanes and forget about bot +0MsPmCRsZUU-00016-00007920-00008302 for a while. I mean, a kill on Vayne this early is enough to bully your lane +0MsPmCRsZUU-00017-00008302-00008710 opponents, but I hadn't backed yet, so I play carefully and let my support do its +0MsPmCRsZUU-00018-00008710-00009085 job which is poking. I know Ashe has no summoners so we have all the killing +0MsPmCRsZUU-00019-00009085-00009529 potential on our side and we can still back off if need be. Ashe oversteps here +0MsPmCRsZUU-00020-00009529-00009931 greeding for two casters and my positioning seemed very harmless here, +0MsPmCRsZUU-00021-00009931-00010410 but she has no vision on the bush and my flash is up. +0MsPmCRsZUU-00022-00011368-00011836 Now I'm 3-0 and have a 10 CS lead. Lane won, Ashe won't be a problem. +0MsPmCRsZUU-00023-00011836-00012283 We might even win 3v2 fights. So, what's the plan now? What should we do? +0MsPmCRsZUU-00024-00012283-00012700 Well, being that we have such a great advantage here in the bot lane, we'll try +0MsPmCRsZUU-00025-00012700-00013089 to kill them and get first tower before top does. He's winning his Lane and +0MsPmCRsZUU-00026-00013089-00013519 bullying Graves. Now the lane's pushing against us, which is good because it'll +0MsPmCRsZUU-00027-00013519-00013866 force Ashe and Janna to come forward if they want to farm. Janna goes into the +0MsPmCRsZUU-00028-00013866-00014224 bush and they think they're 1v1ing me when Brand is right behind me. +0MsPmCRsZUU-00029-00014224-00014622 The fight goes really badly for them and we now focus on getting the first tower +0MsPmCRsZUU-00030-00014622-00015519 before top does being that Darius is getting quite strong. Why not get Drake? +0MsPmCRsZUU-00031-00015519-00015931 Warwick was bot side and it would have been free with Ashe dead, but always +0MsPmCRsZUU-00032-00015931-00016441 prioritize first tower over a cloud Drake. We could have backed here, but mid +0MsPmCRsZUU-00033-00016441-00016891 was open and another tower was free. No jungler, Ashe bot, +0MsPmCRsZUU-00034-00016891-00017320 Janna low and Darius was under control with 2 top. This is what I don't see +0MsPmCRsZUU-00035-00017320-00017806 people doing: Look at who is where and prioritize free objectives. We could have +0MsPmCRsZUU-00036-00017806-00018331 easily stayed bot and killed Ashe 2v1, but why? For score? For damage output? +0MsPmCRsZUU-00037-00018331-00018898 This tower would go down and stay down! Ashe would just respawn. If you get an +0MsPmCRsZUU-00038-00018898-00019339 advantage in your lane, start thinking. After you kill your lane opponent, look +0MsPmCRsZUU-00039-00019339-00019750 at the status of your game. Where can you get something permanent? A tower? +0MsPmCRsZUU-00040-00019750-00020295 A dragon? Dismiss free kills and go for free objectives. +0MsPmCRsZUU-00041-00021324-00021776 Right here we managed to kill the bot lane again, +0MsPmCRsZUU-00042-00022609-00023090 but should we overextend bot while their jungler is alive? Why not take a free +0MsPmCRsZUU-00043-00023090-00023812 dragon, until we can figure out where their jungler is? We then take the +0MsPmCRsZUU-00044-00023812-00024271 opportunity to pressure bot and once we realize we're outnumbered, we rotate and +0MsPmCRsZUU-00045-00024271-00025162 join up another fed member to try and take yet another objective. They're +0MsPmCRsZUU-00046-00025162-00025531 committing to mistakes and this essentially allows us to get rift free, +0MsPmCRsZUU-00047-00025531-00026225 since they're forced to defend mid and bot at the same time. None of the +0MsPmCRsZUU-00048-00026225-00026719 objectives we took so far were contested or risky and that's all due to the fact +0MsPmCRsZUU-00049-00026719-00027313 that we had our lane won. Now look at the game: it's 17-9. It doesn't seem that far +0MsPmCRsZUU-00050-00027313-00027727 and won until you noticed that all their kills are on the Darius. Get him out of +0MsPmCRsZUU-00051-00027727-00028288 the picture and it's essentially a 17-1. Now look at this. The crucial moment of +0MsPmCRsZUU-00052-00028288-00028900 the game: We have two towers, a 4k gold advantage. The minute is 17:22. The game +0MsPmCRsZUU-00053-00028900-00029587 will finish at 19:23 without a surrender but a full-on nexus siege. How? Objective +0MsPmCRsZUU-00054-00029587-00030169 priority and rotation. We have a glorified positioning here, which allows +0MsPmCRsZUU-00055-00030169-00030581 us to take yet another free tower. Darius had just backed, which gave us free time +0MsPmCRsZUU-00056-00030581-00030988 to poke Janna out of the lane and Azir's tower here prevented any flanking from +0MsPmCRsZUU-00057-00030988-00031463 Shaco. We didn't greed dive for a 0.4.0 Ashe which couldn't defend +0MsPmCRsZUU-00058-00031463-00031982 herself, we simplified it and took down the tower permanently. Darius is actually +0MsPmCRsZUU-00059-00031982-00032363 a bad champion versus our team, because he needs to get close to be effective or +0MsPmCRsZUU-00060-00032363-00032869 he'll be able to shine in a 1v1 scenario. But as a team with two fed people which +0MsPmCRsZUU-00061-00032869-00033322 can easily push him away... Well, it's sad, and he's literally the only dangerous +0MsPmCRsZUU-00062-00033322-00033728 one. We still had our rift which would tank for us and we forced it down mid, +0MsPmCRsZUU-00063-00033728-00034102 without diving using our advantage. +0MsPmCRsZUU-00064-00034727-00035192 The moment Darius oversteps, we commit to killing him and the game is essentially +0MsPmCRsZUU-00065-00035192-00035573 over here. We don't care about top pushing, we can take more and more +0MsPmCRsZUU-00066-00035573-00036188 objectives. No one cared about Janna and Ashe here, I mean, look they're being +0MsPmCRsZUU-00067-00036188-00036614 ignored. They're literally useless bugs here and the towers are going all the +0MsPmCRsZUU-00068-00036614-00037007 way down. By using the advantage to rotate and take objectives rather than +0MsPmCRsZUU-00069-00037007-00037421 getting more kills and milking out a won lane, we were able to finish a game +0MsPmCRsZUU-00070-00037421-00037973 in 19 minutes with a very unimpressive 22-9 score. Take your time to think about +0MsPmCRsZUU-00071-00037973-00038378 what and where you can be useful for your team's global objectives, instead of +0MsPmCRsZUU-00072-00038378-00038822 your own personal score and watch your win rate blow upwards. I hope this video +0MsPmCRsZUU-00073-00038822-00039170 helped you out. If you liked it then please it would help me a lot if you +0MsPmCRsZUU-00074-00039170-00039455 clicked on that like button and if you know that you have a few friends that +0MsPmCRsZUU-00075-00039455-00039824 are in trouble and their technical capacities are good, they're getting fed +0MsPmCRsZUU-00076-00039824-00040175 blah blah blah, but they're not winning their games, please share this video with +0MsPmCRsZUU-00077-00040175-00040681 them. I think it will help them out a ton. Sakeios Out! +0pGgs8XUHrM-00000-00000137-00000583 Pelle: Hello and welcome to breakfast with Pelle, Daniel,and the Working Class History +0pGgs8XUHrM-00001-00000583-00000745 book. My name isPelle. +0pGgs8XUHrM-00002-00000745-00001240 Daniel: And my name is Daniel, and we're a son andfather who like to read Working Class +0pGgs8XUHrM-00003-00001240-00001787 History: Everyday Acts of Resistance and Rebellion. Oftentogether while we eat breakfast. +0pGgs8XUHrM-00004-00001787-00002365 Pelle: We usually start by one of us reading out the entries for that dayand then asking +0pGgs8XUHrM-00005-00002365-00002865 each other questions and thinking about what those events mean to us today. We'reoften +0pGgs8XUHrM-00006-00002865-00003098 unfamiliar with the event or with context, +0pGgs8XUHrM-00007-00003098-00003623 but we always end the conversation feeling alittle bit wiser. +0pGgs8XUHrM-00008-00003623-00004201 Daniel: For the Anarchist Pedagogies Network festival, School Revolt 2022, +0pGgs8XUHrM-00009-00004201-00004545 we thoughtwe'd share some of those conversations with you. +0pGgs8XUHrM-00010-00004746-00007691 [interlude - background sound: the noise of preparing breakfast and coffee] +0pGgs8XUHrM-00011-00007719-00008437 Daniel: Okay, hi everyone. Today it's March 14th, andwe're gonna read the two entries +0pGgs8XUHrM-00012-00008437-00008956 from Working Class History for that particular day. So do youwant-- Do you want to read it +0pGgs8XUHrM-00013-00008956-00009121 Pelle, or should I? +0pGgs8XUHrM-00014-00009121-00009807 Pelle: Uh, you, you. Daniel: Okay, yeah, so March 14th, 1970. That'sfour +0pGgs8XUHrM-00015-00009807-00010126 years before I was born. +0pGgs8XUHrM-00016-00010136-00010752 "Two sailors, Alvin Glatkowski and Clyde McKay, mutinied to protest the war and took control +0pGgs8XUHrM-00017-00010752-00011372 of the SS Columbia Eagle, which was carrying ten thousand tons of napalm for the US military +0pGgs8XUHrM-00018-00011372-00012000 in Vietnam. They then sailed the ship to Cambodia, which was neutral at the time, to prevent +0pGgs8XUHrM-00019-00012007-00012509 the cargo being used. Initially, they appeared +0pGgs8XUHrM-00020-00012509-00012663 to have succeeded, +0pGgs8XUHrM-00021-00012663-00013243 as the Cambodian government agreed to their demands and gave them asylum. But, unfortunately +0pGgs8XUHrM-00022-00013243-00013453 for the mutineers, just days later, there was +0pGgs8XUHrM-00023-00013453-00013935 a military coup, and a new pro-US regime took power. +0pGgs8XUHrM-00024-00013935-00014626 Glatkowski and McKay were locked up and the ship handed back to US forces. McKay managed to +0pGgs8XUHrM-00025-00014626-00015229 escape from prison and joined Khmer Rouge guerillas in the countryside. The guerillas later killed him. +0pGgs8XUHrM-00026-00015229-00015748 Glatkowski eventually returned to the US and was jailed for ten years." +0pGgs8XUHrM-00027-00015748-00016270 Pelle: What's a coup? Daniel: So, yeah, this... So, it talksabout +0pGgs8XUHrM-00028-00016270-00016484 a military coup. It's basically, in +0pGgs8XUHrM-00029-00016484-00016950 this case, where the military take over for maybea variety of reasons, but they take +0pGgs8XUHrM-00030-00016950-00017254 over control (Pelle: Take over governments?) +0pGgs8XUHrM-00031-00017254-00017753 Yeah, basically, yeah. And then usually whathappens is there's a period where the military controls +0pGgs8XUHrM-00032-00017753-00018276 things and then another, um, let's say government steps in, right? +0pGgs8XUHrM-00033-00018276-00018376 (Pelle: Yeah.) +0pGgs8XUHrM-00034-00018376-00018917 So it describes the other government as a"pro-US regime," so you know it wouldn't have been, +0pGgs8XUHrM-00035-00018917-00019351 like, voted in but probably people put into government. +0pGgs8XUHrM-00036-00019351-00019571 (Pelle: Yeah.) +0pGgs8XUHrM-00037-00019665-00021856 Pelle: (in Norwegian) They took over the ship that was going to bomb somewhere. And they +0pGgs8XUHrM-00038-00021856-00022665 took over the ship they were going to bomb with +0pGgs8XUHrM-00039-00022665-00023379 Pelle: (in Norwegian) And they steered it away, they stopped it, because napalm is a +0pGgs8XUHrM-00040-00023379-00024484 very extreme way to die (Daniel: Yeah, exactly.) +0pGgs8XUHrM-00041-00024484-00025480 They thought... that's why they didn't want it to happen because it's too unbelievable +0pGgs8XUHrM-00042-00025480-00025761 Daniel: Yeah, I mean, I'm thinking just, like. therisk they took then, right? So they take +0pGgs8XUHrM-00043-00025761-00026412 over this military ship, right? Like you say it's-- Like, it says "10,000 tons of napalm." +0pGgs8XUHrM-00044-00026412-00026908 Pelle: (in Norwegian) that's a lot. Daniel: Yeah, and it's on its way to Vietnam, uh, +0pGgs8XUHrM-00045-00026908-00027505 that's kind of one of the-- If you like the wars that, you know, it's kind of well-known +0pGgs8XUHrM-00046-00027505-00027877 for-- (Pelle: Napalm?) Yeah, and its use or the US use of napalm. +0pGgs8XUHrM-00047-00027877-00028288 It's been used other places, but... But it's particularly well-known there. (Pelle: Yeah.) +0pGgs8XUHrM-00048-00028288-00028506 And how uh, how destructive it was. +0pGgs8XUHrM-00049-00028506-00028816 Pelle: (in Norwegian) It's one of the most well-known wars. +0pGgs8XUHrM-00050-00028816-00029127 Daniel: Yeah, so they took over the ship. You know,that's kind of a risk, you know, +0pGgs8XUHrM-00051-00029127-00029227 they risked +0pGgs8XUHrM-00052-00029227-00029583 being like court martialed. Maybe even,like I'm assuming, like sentenced to +0pGgs8XUHrM-00053-00029583-00029799 death as well. Could be like the-- the punishment. +0pGgs8XUHrM-00054-00029799-00030458 Pelle: (in Norwegian) Yes, because it was legal... it's still legal to be sentenced +0pGgs8XUHrM-00055-00030458-00030826 to death in America now. +0pGgs8XUHrM-00056-00030826-00031151 Daniel: Yeah, there are somestates in the US that have that. +0pGgs8XUHrM-00057-00031151-00031489 Pelle: (in Norwegian) Yes, and here it was all of them, almost. Yes, it was all of them +0pGgs8XUHrM-00058-00031489-00032245 at that time. So they took a huge risk doing it. It was very brave. That they dared to +0pGgs8XUHrM-00059-00032245-00032345 do it. +0pGgs8XUHrM-00060-00032345-00032761 Daniel: That's right. Actually, um, WorkingClass History have a podcast on this. +0pGgs8XUHrM-00061-00032761-00033175 Pelle: (in Norwegian) About this? Daniel: Yeah, if you look closely in the book, +0pGgs8XUHrM-00062-00033175-00033362 you can see there's a little reference. +0pGgs8XUHrM-00063-00033362-00033886 Um, which I listened to, uh, a while back. It wasreally interesting. And yeah, obviously, +0pGgs8XUHrM-00064-00033886-00034488 it took some planning as well so the two who-- who carriedthis out, you know, took a long +0pGgs8XUHrM-00065-00034488-00034829 time. They were very careful in how they... how they did this.And they had like a pretty +0pGgs8XUHrM-00066-00034829-00034984 good plan in place. +0pGgs8XUHrM-00067-00034984-00035531 Um, yeah, very kind of very dangerous, but um...Also incredible, you know. Thinking +0pGgs8XUHrM-00068-00035531-00036453 about like putting out... in a way, out of action all those... all that... all that napalm. +0pGgs8XUHrM-00069-00036453-00036690 Because we've talked a littlebit about napalm, right? +0pGgs8XUHrM-00070-00036690-00036902 (Pelle verbally indicates yes.) +0pGgs8XUHrM-00071-00036902-00037450 Um, yeah. Um, I can't remember what connection it was in, but when maybe... when we've talked +0pGgs8XUHrM-00072-00037450-00037969 about Vietnambefore. Pelle: Yeah, yeah... (in Norwegian). How deadly +0pGgs8XUHrM-00073-00037969-00038890 napalm is. How it's such an incredibly bad way to die. It's very painful. +0pGgs8XUHrM-00074-00038890-00039770 Daniel: Yeah. Oh yeah, I mean it's like a, um... It's likethey call it like a petrochemical. +0pGgs8XUHrM-00075-00039770-00039870 It's like... +0pGgs8XUHrM-00076-00039870-00040037 It's like petrol or gasoline, right? (Pelle: Yeah.) +0pGgs8XUHrM-00077-00040037-00040422 But it burns like at a much higher temperature and uh... +0pGgs8XUHrM-00078-00040422-00040950 Like, so it destroys a lot more, and it's also, I think, like kind of... like sticky, +0pGgs8XUHrM-00079-00040950-00041355 if you can describe it in that way.So it sticks to things when it burns them. +0pGgs8XUHrM-00080-00041355-00041812 And of course that includes people, right? Uh,and other animals. So it's it's just +0pGgs8XUHrM-00081-00041812-00041912 really... +0pGgs8XUHrM-00082-00041912-00042365 Pelle: (in Norwegian) So it's not just people who die, there's lots of animals lives that +0pGgs8XUHrM-00083-00042365-00042634 are completely wiped out. +0pGgs8XUHrM-00084-00042634-00043053 Daniel: Yeah. I mean, a lot of this was, like,dropped in. Like, I think in, like uh... forest or +0pGgs8XUHrM-00085-00043053-00043603 jungle areas. (Pelle: forests) Yeah so like, yeah,you destroy, like, huge parts of the... +0pGgs8XUHrM-00086-00043603-00044159 of the landscape, essentially, with this with these... with these bombs. +0pGgs8XUHrM-00087-00044425-00045302 Pelle: (in Norwegian) Maybe we should move on to March 14 2018? +0pGgs8XUHrM-00088-00045417-00045998 Daniel: Yeah good idea. Soyeah, March 14th, 2018. It says here: +0pGgs8XUHrM-00089-00045998-00046562 "Marielle Franco, a bisexual Afro-Brazilian socialist and feminist was assassinated in +0pGgs8XUHrM-00090-00046562-00046780 Rio de Janeiro. Raised in a +0pGgs8XUHrM-00091-00046780-00047355 favela (or shanty town) in the city, she began work at the age of eleven, and later raised +0pGgs8XUHrM-00092-00047355-00047455 a daughter +0pGgs8XUHrM-00093-00047455-00047890 as a single mother working for the minimum wage, before being elected to the city council +0pGgs8XUHrM-00094-00047890-00048171 in 2016. +0pGgs8XUHrM-00095-00048171-00048681 The day before her murder, she had spoken out against extrajudicial killings by police +0pGgs8XUHrM-00096-00048681-00049253 and paramilitaries. The bullets that killed her had been purchased by the federal police. +0pGgs8XUHrM-00097-00049253-00049681 The minister of public security claimed that the bullets were stolen from a post office, +0pGgs8XUHrM-00098-00049681-00049781 but this +0pGgs8XUHrM-00099-00049781-00050324 lie was retracted when the post office publicly stated it was untrue. +0pGgs8XUHrM-00100-00050324-00050796 At the time of writing, four suspects have been arrested for the murder, all with ties +0pGgs8XUHrM-00101-00050796-00051068 to state security forces, and two of them +0pGgs8XUHrM-00102-00051068-00051688 with links to the family of right-wing president Jair Bolsonaro. Another suspect, a former +0pGgs8XUHrM-00103-00051688-00051788 police +0pGgs8XUHrM-00104-00051788-00052205 officer, was shot and killed by police in February 2020, as they were attempting to +0pGgs8XUHrM-00105-00052205-00052752 arrest him." +0pGgs8XUHrM-00106-00052752-00053091 So yeah, this takes place in Rio deJaneiro in Brazil. +0pGgs8XUHrM-00107-00053091-00053354 Pelle: (in Norwegian) Yes, in 2018, not so long ago. +0pGgs8XUHrM-00108-00053354-00053712 Daniel: That's right, yeah. +0pGgs8XUHrM-00109-00053750-00054732 Pelle: Is it exactly four years ago? Daniel: Exactlyfour years ago, yeah. Um... +0pGgs8XUHrM-00110-00054732-00055113 Pelle: On this day? +0pGgs8XUHrM-00111-00055113-00055654 Daniel: A really tragic story of somebody who I think wasvery well liked in, uh, the +0pGgs8XUHrM-00112-00055654-00055757 city by a lot of people, +0pGgs8XUHrM-00113-00055757-00056222 particularly in the area where she came from... these these shanty towns in and around the city. +0pGgs8XUHrM-00114-00056287-00057180 Um, so yeah. And then of course, being killed shortlyafter speaking out against, you know, +0pGgs8XUHrM-00115-00057180-00057301 the kinds +0pGgs8XUHrM-00116-00057301-00057821 of, like, crimes that are committed by... by uh... bythe state police, the federal +0pGgs8XUHrM-00117-00057821-00058000 police. +0pGgs8XUHrM-00118-00058261-00058963 We've also... we've talked about this one before because I remember we we talked a little +0pGgs8XUHrM-00119-00058963-00059151 bit about this... this aboutthe bullets. (Pelle: Yeah.) You remember that? +0pGgs8XUHrM-00120-00059151-00059900 Pelle: Yeah. (in Norwegian) That those that were used were shot by some people who aren't +0pGgs8XUHrM-00121-00059900-00060000 the police +0pGgs8XUHrM-00122-00060000-00060401 Pelle: (in Norwegian) But (Daniel: Or maybe. We don't know, right?) +0pGgs8XUHrM-00123-00060401-00061083 We don't know, but the ammo itself was from the police, who maybe they stole it from, +0pGgs8XUHrM-00124-00061083-00061668 we don't know, from the post office. +0pGgs8XUHrM-00125-00062222-00062771 Daniel: Okay, so, remember the thing that you once asked me about this one was... +0pGgs8XUHrM-00126-00062771-00063230 yousaid, "Well, of course the post office would say that they weren't stolen," and I +0pGgs8XUHrM-00127-00063230-00063684 thought like... Ithought it would be different to you because my first response was like... +0pGgs8XUHrM-00128-00063684-00063984 well, no, if they were stole-- if they were stolen, okay, that would be +0pGgs8XUHrM-00129-00063984-00064139 fine, but here the post office says no, this is alie. +0pGgs8XUHrM-00130-00064139-00064650 (Pelle: Yeah.) You kind of had this interesting point which is maybe not that relevant hereto +0pGgs8XUHrM-00131-00064650-00064857 the... to the, uh, entry. But... +0pGgs8XUHrM-00132-00064857-00065291 Pelle: They probably have... (in Norwegian) yes, they have to say that in a way. +0pGgs8XUHrM-00133-00065291-00065960 Daniel: Yeah. Why do you think they have to... Pelle: (in Norwegian) So they don't look bad. +0pGgs8XUHrM-00134-00065960-00066969 So people don't think they have poor security, that people can just take things, simply. +0pGgs8XUHrM-00135-00067000-00067301 Daniel: Yeah, I mean, I think here what's especially kind oftragic with this is, you +0pGgs8XUHrM-00136-00067301-00067460 know, like somebody who's +0pGgs8XUHrM-00137-00067460-00067970 clearly, like, very much kind of engaged in politics--local politics trying to make +0pGgs8XUHrM-00138-00067970-00068204 things better, right? +0pGgs8XUHrM-00139-00068204-00068648 And you know, basically that... You know, she's she's risking her life +0pGgs8XUHrM-00140-00068648-00069098 for doing it. And of course, she ends uplosing her life-- or being murdered, right? +0pGgs8XUHrM-00141-00069098-00069588 Because of taking a stand and becauseof trying to make things better. +0pGgs8XUHrM-00142-00069588-00069692 Yeah. +0pGgs8XUHrM-00143-00070347-00071045 Okay, well, that's-- Those are the two entriesfor today, right? March 14th. Um, I guess we'll, +0pGgs8XUHrM-00144-00071045-00071379 uh read-- go through March 15th tomorrow. +0pGgs8XUHrM-00145-00071417-00071727 Pelle: Yeah.There was some long ones today. +0pGgs8XUHrM-00146-00071727-00071911 Daniel: Yeah. They were. +0RXZO3gL-1g-00000-00000008-00000108 John: Good morning Hank, It's Tuesday. +0RXZO3gL-1g-00001-00000108-00000518 So on Friday, Rosianna and I left the magic and awesome of NerdCon: Stories to head up +0RXZO3gL-1g-00002-00000518-00000905 to Princeton, Minnesota, where I raced cars on a dirt track against best-selling author +0RXZO3gL-1g-00003-00000905-00001141 and all around awesome person Maggie Stiefvater. +0RXZO3gL-1g-00004-00001141-00001509 So Hank, an IndyCar driver I know once told me that in racing the only thing more dangerous +0RXZO3gL-1g-00005-00001509-00001819 than being too aggressive is being too cautious. +0RXZO3gL-1g-00006-00001819-00002199 Which is an observation that I think applies to more than just racing, and while I'm certainly +0RXZO3gL-1g-00007-00002199-00002651 an uncommonly anxious person, I don't think of myself as an overly cautious one. +0RXZO3gL-1g-00008-00002651-00002959 So I was feeling kinda excited as we arrived at the Princeton Speedway. +0RXZO3gL-1g-00009-00002959-00003272 I mean at no point did I actually think I could win the race but I did think I could, +0RXZO3gL-1g-00010-00003272-00003652 like, finish it without being pulled out of a burning vehicle which as it turned out was +0RXZO3gL-1g-00011-00003652-00003754 overly optimistic. +0RXZO3gL-1g-00012-00003754-00004143 Took my first ever ride in a four-wheeler to my race car which belonged to a 17-year-old, +0RXZO3gL-1g-00013-00004143-00004243 hence its number. +0RXZO3gL-1g-00014-00004243-00004441 My coach for the evening was his dad, Alan. +0RXZO3gL-1g-00015-00004441-00004798 And special shoutout to Alan's kids, my pit crew, ten year old Allison and eight year +0RXZO3gL-1g-00016-00004798-00004898 old Aaron. +0RXZO3gL-1g-00017-00004898-00005269 My first lesson was getting in and out of the car, which as you can see is ridiculously +0RXZO3gL-1g-00018-00005269-00005369 difficult. +0RXZO3gL-1g-00019-00005369-00005714 Hank, I need to linger on this shot for a moment because I want you to understand how +0RXZO3gL-1g-00020-00005714-00006132 hard it is to get out of these cars even when they are not on fire. +0RXZO3gL-1g-00021-00006132-00006588 Also, I want you to notice my excellent Eleanor and Park t-shirt, which I got at dftba.com. +0RXZO3gL-1g-00022-00006588-00006856 So Alan's an experienced race car driver and an excellent coach. +0RXZO3gL-1g-00023-00006856-00007013 Alan: You don't want to jump up on the throttle... +0RXZO3gL-1g-00024-00007013-00007388 John: He explained to me at least a dozen times that coming out of the corner, I would +0RXZO3gL-1g-00025-00007388-00007752 feel an urge to over-correct the steering and/or let off the throttle and that giving +0RXZO3gL-1g-00026-00007752-00008250 into that urge would be a significant mistake and I was able to remember that advice for, +0RXZO3gL-1g-00027-00008250-00008482 like, five-and-a-half laps of actual racing. +0RXZO3gL-1g-00028-00008482-00008842 Put on my smoking hot fire suit, my helmet, a pair of gloves, and then Maggie showed up +0RXZO3gL-1g-00029-00008842-00009050 with her awesome car with its awesome license plate. +0RXZO3gL-1g-00030-00009050-00009432 And then after an impossibly beautiful sunset came to Princeton, I belted myself in for +0RXZO3gL-1g-00031-00009432-00009649 our first of three scheduled races. +0RXZO3gL-1g-00032-00009649-00009984 Maggie jumped out to a lead, and she was faster than me and also a much better driver, but +0RXZO3gL-1g-00033-00009984-00010406 my car turned really well in the dirt and its power was exciting and intoxicating and +0RXZO3gL-1g-00034-00010406-00010671 I was just trying to keep up with her but then I thought, "You know, maybe I could drive +0RXZO3gL-1g-00035-00010671-00010950 alongside of her and really make a race out of this." +0RXZO3gL-1g-00036-00010950-00011271 And then on the fifth lap coming out of turn four, I felt an urge to correct the steering +0RXZO3gL-1g-00037-00011271-00011425 and yeah... +0RXZO3gL-1g-00038-00011425-00011853 The speedway staff got to me very quickly and although I could feel the heat of the +0RXZO3gL-1g-00039-00011853-00012492 fire in my back and legs, they kept me calm and pulled me out and I was fine, but I'm +0RXZO3gL-1g-00040-00012492-00012592 not going to lie, Hank, it was terrifying. +0RXZO3gL-1g-00041-00012592-00012984 But then they fixed the problem with the car and for some reason, I decided to get back +0RXZO3gL-1g-00042-00012984-00013084 in it. +0RXZO3gL-1g-00043-00013084-00013493 In fact, I won the second heat - more precisely, Maggie let me win - and I got a trophy and +0RXZO3gL-1g-00044-00013493-00013912 everything and then we raced for a third time and Maggie dominated me so thoroughly that +0RXZO3gL-1g-00045-00013912-00014494 the regular pro-drivers at the speedway asked to take her on and she beat them as well! +0RXZO3gL-1g-00046-00014494-00014838 So Maggie won the race, but I caught fire and didn't get hurt, which felt very much +0RXZO3gL-1g-00047-00014838-00014968 like, you know, some kind of winning. +0RXZO3gL-1g-00048-00014968-00015359 And late that night as I tried to sleep, I kept playing the race back in my mind: me +0RXZO3gL-1g-00049-00015359-00015790 doing precisely the thing I'd been told not to, the heat of the flames against my back, +0RXZO3gL-1g-00050-00015790-00016215 my panicked hands as I tried to unbuckle the belts, the smoky relief of being pulled from +0RXZO3gL-1g-00051-00016215-00016315 the car. +0RXZO3gL-1g-00052-00016315-00016448 There are of course smart risks. +0RXZO3gL-1g-00053-00016448-00016878 The proper line to run through life is somewhere between extreme caution and extreme aggression, +0RXZO3gL-1g-00054-00016878-00017040 but this wasn't one of them. +0RXZO3gL-1g-00055-00017040-00017439 That said, Hank, I have to confess that I am proud to have lost to Maggie, but not to +0RXZO3gL-1g-00056-00017439-00017539 myself. +0RXZO3gL-1g-00057-00017539-00017778 But in the end, Hank, I think I'm going to use this occasion to announce my retirement +0RXZO3gL-1g-00058-00017778-00017885 from race car driving. +0RXZO3gL-1g-00059-00017885-00018162 I'm headed back to the grandstands where I belong. +0RXZO3gL-1g-00060-00018162-00018295 Hank, I'll see you on Friday. +0TRBRlW8dyU-00000-00000390-00000764 And I'm going to show you how to clip a chickens wings +0TRBRlW8dyU-00001-00000764-00001100 We sell lots of chickens every day and can clip your chickens wings for you +0TRBRlW8dyU-00002-00001100-00001800 But if you ever need to clip their wings again, we've made this video to help +0TRBRlW8dyU-00003-00003631-00004089 You just clip the one wing so that it unbalances them, and means they can't fly +0TRBRlW8dyU-00004-00004089-00004586 As you can see in the photo, you want to cut the first 10 or Primary feather +0TRBRlW8dyU-00005-00004586-00004870 Along the line of feathers covering them +0TRBRlW8dyU-00006-00004870-00005570 up to the gap where the secondary feathers start +0TRBRlW8dyU-00007-00006191-00006891 You might want to ask someone to hold the wing out for you +0TRBRlW8dyU-00008-00006893-00007467 You then just cut the Primary feathers along the line of shorter feathers, up to where the secondary feathers start +0TRBRlW8dyU-00009-00007467-00007763 Once again just cutting the Primary Feathers along the line of shorter feathers +0TRBRlW8dyU-00010-00007763-00007995 Up to where the secondary feathers start +0YWFHurMtRE-00000-00000085-00000321 International short stories volume to +0YWFHurMtRE-00001-00000373-00001031 English stories, this is a librivox recording all librivox recordings are in the public domain +0YWFHurMtRE-00002-00001111-00001533 for more information or to volunteer please visit librivox.org +0YWFHurMtRE-00003-00001755-00001955 Recording by lynn thompson +0YWFHurMtRE-00004-00002074-00002444 international short stories volume 2 english stories +0YWFHurMtRE-00005-00002500-00002700 edited by William Paton +0YWFHurMtRE-00006-00002740-00002914 section 22 +0YWFHurMtRE-00007-00002914-00003300 the lamas preaching by SR Crockett and +0YWFHurMtRE-00008-00003390-00003870 I further intimate said the minister that I will preach this evening at +0YWFHurMtRE-00009-00003910-00004589 cultures and my text will be from the ninth chapter of the book of Ecclesiastes and the tenth verse +0YWFHurMtRE-00010-00004698-00005060 Whatsoever thy hand find it to do do it with thy might? +0YWFHurMtRE-00011-00005143-00005720 Save us said Janet McTaggart. He's clean forgotten if it be the Lord's well +0YWFHurMtRE-00012-00005764-00006035 Maybe he'll be fergan whether it's as wool or no +0YWFHurMtRE-00013-00006094-00006401 He's a ser masterful man the minister +0YWFHurMtRE-00014-00006401-00006995 But when he comes for the mockers and comes little about the jealous God we have among the hills of Galilee +0YWFHurMtRE-00015-00007033-00007598 The minister continued in the same high level tone in which he did his preaching +0YWFHurMtRE-00016-00007672-00008472 There are a number of sluggards who lay the weight of their own laziness on the almighty saying I am a worm and no man +0YWFHurMtRE-00017-00008515-00008729 How should I strive with my maker? +0YWFHurMtRE-00018-00008809-00009096 Whenever they are at strife with their own sluggishness +0YWFHurMtRE-00019-00009165-00009701 There will be a word for all such this evening at the farm town of cold shorts +0YWFHurMtRE-00020-00009772-00010037 presently occupied by Gilbert mckissick +0YWFHurMtRE-00021-00010102-00010338 public worship to begin at seven o'clock +0YWFHurMtRE-00022-00010432-00011222 The congregation of bonacic Kirk tumbled amicably over its own heels with eagerness to get into the kirkyard +0YWFHurMtRE-00023-00011260-00011705 In order to settle the momentous question whose back was he on the day +0YWFHurMtRE-00024-00011767-00012360 Robert Kirk case thorn had a package of peppermint lozenges in the crown of his lung hat +0YWFHurMtRE-00025-00012382-00012875 deep owned true by Elizabeth Douglas or bar in Bamberger II +0YWFHurMtRE-00026-00012919-00013541 Whose husband William now put on the Hat at the aforesaid will kirk by mistake for his own +0YWFHurMtRE-00027-00013621-00014138 Whereupon the peppermints fell to the floor and rolled under the pews in most unseemly fashion +0YWFHurMtRE-00028-00014278-00014835 Elizabeth Kirk is of opinion that this should be brought to the notice of session she herself +0YWFHurMtRE-00029-00014851-00015374 Always taking her peppermint while gently wiping her mouth with the corner of her handkerchief +0YWFHurMtRE-00030-00015451-00015791 Robert Kirk on being put to the question admits the fact +0YWFHurMtRE-00031-00015813-00016179 But says that it was his wife put them there to be near at hand +0YWFHurMtRE-00032-00016294-00016766 The minister however ready with his word brought him to shame by saying Oh +0YWFHurMtRE-00033-00016819-00017588 Robert Robert that was just what Adam said the woman thou gavest me she gave me to eat +0YWFHurMtRE-00034-00017653-00018228 The aforesaid Robert Kirk thinks that it is meddling with the original Hebrew to apply this +0YWFHurMtRE-00035-00018280-00018764 peppermints and also says that Elizabeth Kirk is an impotent BISM and +0YWFHurMtRE-00036-00018835-00019104 Furthermore that as all the country world knows +0YWFHurMtRE-00037-00019228-00019694 Here the chronicler omits much matter actionable in the civil courts of the realm +0YWFHurMtRE-00038-00019972-00020570 Janet said the minister to his housekeeper I am to preach tonight at cold shores on the texts +0YWFHurMtRE-00039-00020641-00021035 Whatsoever thy hand findeth to do do it with thy might? I? +0YWFHurMtRE-00040-00021106-00021369 Can said Janet I saw it on your desk +0YWFHurMtRE-00041-00021369-00022116 I patted to blow the cock for fear the ones a heaven nic blow. It away like chaff, and you couldn't adieu wanting it +0YWFHurMtRE-00042-00022186-00022883 Janet McTaggart said the minister tartly bring in the dinner and do not meddle with what does not concern you? +0YWFHurMtRE-00043-00023002-00023495 Janet could not abide red sermons her natural woman rose against them +0YWFHurMtRE-00044-00023530-00023901 she knew as she had said that God was a jealous God and +0YWFHurMtRE-00045-00023962-00024408 With a regard to the minister. She looked upon herself as his vice regent +0YWFHurMtRE-00046-00024535-00024998 He's young and terrible Ram Stan and opinionated for a book player +0YWFHurMtRE-00047-00025015-00025503 But with little gracious experience for all that the root of the matters in him +0YWFHurMtRE-00048-00025558-00025847 said Janet not on hopefully, I'm +0YWFHurMtRE-00049-00025906-00026141 Going to preach a cultures and my pets +0YWFHurMtRE-00050-00026170-00026970 Whatsoever thy hand find it to do do it with thy might said the minister to the priests enter that afternoon on the man's doorstep +0YWFHurMtRE-00051-00027061-00027533 The Lord's know in our pit box. I'll gang with allowed myself +0YWFHurMtRE-00052-00027610-00028280 Said the priests enter now Galloway is so much out of the world that the Almighty has not there lifted his hand +0YWFHurMtRE-00053-00028308-00028941 From reward and punishment from guiding and restraining as he has done in big towns +0YWFHurMtRE-00054-00028941-00029141 Where everything goes by machinery? +0YWFHurMtRE-00055-00029208-00029898 Man may say that there is no God when he only sees a handbreadth of smoky heaven between the chimney pots +0YWFHurMtRE-00056-00029926-00030495 But out on the fields of oats and bear and up on the squeeze of the hillsides +0YWFHurMtRE-00057-00030529-00031314 Where the mother granite sticks her bleaching ribs through the Heather men have reached great assurance on this and other matters +0YWFHurMtRE-00058-00031399-00032057 The burns were running red with the mighty July rain when Douglass McClellan's started over the meadows and moors +0YWFHurMtRE-00059-00032092-00032427 To preach his sermon at the farm town of cold shores +0YWFHurMtRE-00060-00032500-00032985 He had thanked the Lord that morning in his opening prayer for the bounteous rain +0YWFHurMtRE-00061-00033028-00033398 Wherewith he had seen meat to refresh his weary heritage +0YWFHurMtRE-00062-00033481-00033634 His congregation +0YWFHurMtRE-00063-00033634-00034307 Silently acquiesce for what said they could a man from the mappers be expected to Ken about meadow, hay +0YWFHurMtRE-00064-00034414-00034769 When the minister and the presenter got to the foot of the man slowly +0YWFHurMtRE-00065-00034825-00035552 They came upon the parish NER do well EB kerbin who kept himself in employment by constantly scratching his head +0YWFHurMtRE-00066-00035608-00036338 Trying to think of something to do and whose clothes were constructed on the latest sanitary principles of ventilation +0YWFHurMtRE-00067-00036433-00036771 The ruins of eby's hat were usually tipped over one eye +0YWFHurMtRE-00068-00036823-00037148 for enlarged facilities of scratching in the rear +0YWFHurMtRE-00069-00037207-00037545 If it should well Minister. I'll come to hear you the night +0YWFHurMtRE-00070-00037627-00037988 Is drawing to may rain? I'm thinking said the Scarecrow +0YWFHurMtRE-00071-00038043-00038098 I +0YWFHurMtRE-00072-00038098-00038708 Hope the discourse may be profitable to you ever Nisa for as I intimated this morning +0YWFHurMtRE-00073-00038709-00038913 I am to preach from the text +0YWFHurMtRE-00074-00038971-00039347 Whatsoever thy hand findeth to do do it with thy might? I? +0YWFHurMtRE-00075-00039424-00040182 Minister said EB relieving his right hand and tipping his hat over the other eye to give his left hand replay +0YWFHurMtRE-00076-00040269-00040691 So the three struck over the fields making for the thorn tree at the corner +0YWFHurMtRE-00077-00040741-00041157 Where Robert Kurtz Dyke dipped into the sandy water of the meadow? +0YWFHurMtRE-00078-00041338-00041688 Do you think you can manage it mr., McClelland said the presenter +0YWFHurMtRE-00079-00041740-00042497 You're what halfway up the leg already and the sacks feet of black moss water in the lane burn as sure as I'm leaving Sal +0YWFHurMtRE-00080-00042588-00042788 added EB Curtin +0YWFHurMtRE-00081-00042813-00043148 I'm to preach a cultures and my text is +0YWFHurMtRE-00082-00043188-00043808 Whatsoever thy hand find it to do do it with thy might said the minister stubbornly glooming +0YWFHurMtRE-00083-00043849-00044400 From under the eaves of his eyebrows as the swarthy men from the math as I want to do +0YWFHurMtRE-00084-00044469-00044669 His companion said no more +0YWFHurMtRE-00085-00044758-00045471 They came to camel an Lane where usually Robert Kirk had a leaping pole on either bunk to assist the traveler across +0YWFHurMtRE-00086-00045505-00045953 But both poles had gone down the water in the morning to look for Robert's meadow hey +0YWFHurMtRE-00087-00046047-00046688 Take care mr.. McClelland. You'll be in deep water for you. Can oh, man you had far better turn +0YWFHurMtRE-00088-00046801-00047462 The presenter stood up to his knees in water on what had once been the bank and wrung his hands +0YWFHurMtRE-00089-00047503-00047978 but the minister pushed steadily ahead into the turbid and sluggish water I +0YWFHurMtRE-00090-00048084-00048488 Cannot come or I cannot come for I'm a man that has a family +0YWFHurMtRE-00091-00048511-00049109 It's not your work. Stay where you are quite the minister without looking over his shoulder but as for me. I'm +0YWFHurMtRE-00092-00049183-00049506 Intimated to preach this night a cold shores and my text +0YWFHurMtRE-00093-00049609-00050403 Here he stepped into a deep hole and his text was suddenly shut within him by the gurgle of moss water in his throat +0YWFHurMtRE-00094-00050469-00050693 His arms rose above the surface +0YWFHurMtRE-00095-00050755-00051353 Like the black spars of a windmill, but EB kerbin scold himself swiftly out +0YWFHurMtRE-00096-00051405-00051902 Swinging with his shoeless feet and pushed the minister before him to the further bank +0YWFHurMtRE-00097-00051940-00052469 The water gushing out of rents in his clothes as easily as out of the gills of fish +0YWFHurMtRE-00098-00052641-00053013 The minister stood with unshaken confidence on the bank he +0YWFHurMtRE-00099-00053052-00053486 Ran Pete water like a spout in a thunder plum and black +0YWFHurMtRE-00100-00053516-00054075 Whew, let's have died were trickling from under his hat down his brow and dripping from the end of his nose +0YWFHurMtRE-00101-00054199-00054399 Then you'll not come any further +0YWFHurMtRE-00102-00054457-00054657 He called across to the presenter +0YWFHurMtRE-00103-00054672-00055370 I cannot all I canna though I'm most awful Wilin Percy would never forgive me again. I was Droon +0YWFHurMtRE-00104-00055482-00056021 Then I'll in have to raise the true myself though three times Kilmarnock is a pity +0YWFHurMtRE-00105-00056074-00056307 said the minister turning on his feel and +0YWFHurMtRE-00106-00056364-00056576 striding away through the shallow sea +0YWFHurMtRE-00107-00056635-00057083 Splashing the water as high as his head with a kind of headstrong glee +0YWFHurMtRE-00108-00057114-00057473 Which seemed to the presenter a direct defiance of Providence? +0YWFHurMtRE-00109-00057586-00057872 EB kurgan followed half a dozen steps behind +0YWFHurMtRE-00110-00057922-00058604 the support of the presenters lay semi equality taken from him he began to regret that he had come and +0YWFHurMtRE-00111-00058651-00059147 Silently and ruefully plunged along after the minister through the waterlogged Meadows +0YWFHurMtRE-00112-00059229-00059637 They came in time to the foot of Robert Kirk's March. Dyke and +0YWFHurMtRE-00113-00059688-00060242 Skirted it a hundred yards upward to avoid the deep pool in which the Lanna burn waters were swirling +0YWFHurMtRE-00114-00060330-00060665 The minister climbed silently up the seven-foot bike +0YWFHurMtRE-00115-00060732-00061250 pausing a second on the top to balance himself for his leap to the other side as +0YWFHurMtRE-00116-00061297-00061742 He did so he be curb and saw that the Dyke was swaying to the fall +0YWFHurMtRE-00117-00061782-00062099 Having been weakened by the rush of water on the farther side +0YWFHurMtRE-00118-00062202-00062798 He ran instantly at the minister and gave him a push with both hands, which caused mr. +0YWFHurMtRE-00119-00062800-00063132 McLelland to alight on his feet clear of the falling stones +0YWFHurMtRE-00120-00063241-00063729 The Dyke did not so much for outward a settle down in its own ruins +0YWFHurMtRE-00121-00063816-00064247 EB fell on his face among the stones with the impetus of his own eagerness +0YWFHurMtRE-00122-00064401-00065138 He arose however quickly only limping slightly from what he called a bit check on the leg between two stones +0YWFHurMtRE-00123-00065232-00065864 That was a merciful Providence a benissa said the minister solemnly. I hope you are doing thankful +0YWFHurMtRE-00124-00065992-00066353 Dad I am that reply DB scratching his head vigorously +0YWFHurMtRE-00125-00066408-00066824 With his right hand and rubbing his leg with his left g'day +0YWFHurMtRE-00126-00066876-00067289 Nagini you that dunch you might a preaching Nana coach roses necks +0YWFHurMtRE-00127-00067336-00067748 They now cross the fairly level Cloverfield dark and laid with wet +0YWFHurMtRE-00128-00067800-00068294 The scent of the clover rose to their nostrils and almost overpowering force +0YWFHurMtRE-00129-00068367-00068909 There was not a breath of air the sky was blue and the sun shining +0YWFHurMtRE-00130-00068964-00069692 Only a sullen roar came over the hill sounding in the silence like the rush of a train over a faraway viaduct +0YWFHurMtRE-00131-00069772-00070422 what is that queried the minister stopping to listen Phoebe took a brisk side long look at him, I'm +0YWFHurMtRE-00132-00070545-00071003 Some dude 'some that'll be the sky boom coming down off a cans Muir +0YWFHurMtRE-00133-00071076-00071561 The minister tramped unconcernedly on EB kurgans stared at him +0YWFHurMtRE-00134-00071623-00071867 He kind of came what a sky boom warning is +0YWFHurMtRE-00135-00071907-00072377 He'll be thinking it some bit macaws burn and the lad said there were Leigh Mills in +0YWFHurMtRE-00136-00072429-00073010 But he'll turn writing up when he sees trouble roaring reading the plumbers flood. I'm thinking +0YWFHurMtRE-00137-00073068-00073472 They took their way over the shoulder of the hill in the beautiful evening +0YWFHurMtRE-00138-00073506-00074000 Leaning eagerly forward to get the first glimpse of the cause of that deep and resonant roar +0YWFHurMtRE-00139-00074064-00074696 In a moment they saw below them a narrow rock called Valley ten or fifteen yards across +0YWFHurMtRE-00140-00074739-00074954 Filled to the brim with rushing water +0YWFHurMtRE-00141-00075012-00075377 It was not black Pete water like the camel in Lake +0YWFHurMtRE-00142-00075414-00075504 But it ran +0YWFHurMtRE-00143-00075504-00076271 Red as keel flecks now and then with a revolving white blur as one of the cold shows sheep spun downward to the sea +0YWFHurMtRE-00144-00076329-00076706 With four black feet turned pitifully up to the blue sky +0YWFHurMtRE-00145-00076816-00077016 EB looked at the minister +0YWFHurMtRE-00146-00077035-00077216 He'll turn now if he's mortal +0YWFHurMtRE-00147-00077216-00077951 he said but the minister held on he looked at the water up and down the roaring stream on a hill above the +0YWFHurMtRE-00148-00077994-00078533 Farmer of cultures having driven all his remaining sheep together sat down to watch +0YWFHurMtRE-00149-00078627-00078977 Seeing the minister he stood up and excitedly waved him back +0YWFHurMtRE-00150-00079023-00079676 But Douglas McClellan from the mockers never gave him a look and his shouting was of less effect +0YWFHurMtRE-00151-00079695-00079976 Than if he had been crying to an untrained collie +0YWFHurMtRE-00152-00080218-00080989 The minister looked long up the stream and as a point where the rocks came very close together and many stunted Pines were growing +0YWFHurMtRE-00153-00081008-00081786 He saw one which having stood on the immediate brink had been so much undercut that it leaned over the gully like a fishing rod +0YWFHurMtRE-00154-00081836-00082509 With a keen glance along its length the minister jamming his dripping soft felt hat on the back of his head +0YWFHurMtRE-00155-00082550-00083338 Was setting foot on the perilous slope of the uneven red-brown trunk when eb kurgan caught him sharply by the arm +0YWFHurMtRE-00156-00083423-00084001 It's not for me to speak to a minister at all new times. He simmered gathering courage in his desperation +0YWFHurMtRE-00157-00084058-00084480 But oh man, it's fair murder to tried to gang all that water +0YWFHurMtRE-00158-00084563-00085158 the minister wrenched himself free and sprang along the trunk with wonderful agility i'm +0YWFHurMtRE-00159-00085316-00085543 Intimated to preach a cold show this night +0YWFHurMtRE-00160-00085543-00086239 And my text is whatsoever thy hand findeth to do do it with thy might he shouted +0YWFHurMtRE-00161-00086264-00086820 He made his way up and up the slope of the fir tree which having little grip of the rock +0YWFHurMtRE-00162-00086852-00087060 dipped and swayed under his tread +0YWFHurMtRE-00163-00087137-00087423 EB kurgan fell on his knees and prayed aloud +0YWFHurMtRE-00164-00087476-00088080 He had not prayed since his stepmother boxed his ears for getting into bed without saying his prayers twenty years ago +0YWFHurMtRE-00165-00088148-00088894 This had set him against it, but he prayed now and to infinitely more purpose than his minister had recently done +0YWFHurMtRE-00166-00089002-00089724 But when the climber had reached the branch atop and was striving to get a few feet father in order to clear the surging line' +0YWFHurMtRE-00167-00089750-00089948 Before he made his spring +0YWFHurMtRE-00168-00089948-00090343 EB rose to his feet leaving his prayer unfinished +0YWFHurMtRE-00169-00090398-00090678 He sent forth an almost animal shriek of Terror +0YWFHurMtRE-00170-00090761-00091219 the tree roots cracked like breaking cables and slowly gave way an +0YWFHurMtRE-00171-00091298-00092028 Avalanche of stones plumped into the world and the top of the FIR crashed downwards on the rocks of the opposite bank oh +0YWFHurMtRE-00172-00092132-00092772 Man call on the name of the Lord cried EB curtain the ragged preacher at the top of his voice +0YWFHurMtRE-00173-00092942-00093244 Then he saw something detach itself from the tree as it +0YWFHurMtRE-00174-00093277-00093750 Rebounded and for a moment rise and fall all black against the sunset +0YWFHurMtRE-00175-00093827-00094212 Then EB the outcasts fell on his face like a dead man +0YWFHurMtRE-00176-00094508-00094915 In the white coverlet his room of the farm town of cold shows a +0YWFHurMtRE-00177-00094928-00095466 white face lad laying with his eyes closed and a wet cloth on his brow a +0YWFHurMtRE-00178-00095531-00096169 Large boned red cheeked motherly woman's soul to and fro with a foot as light as a fairy +0YWFHurMtRE-00179-00096236-00096640 The sleeper stirred and tried to lift an unavailing hand to his head +0YWFHurMtRE-00180-00096740-00097197 The mistress of cold shows stalled to his bedside as he opened his eyes +0YWFHurMtRE-00181-00097271-00097609 She laid a restraining hand on him as he strove to rise +0YWFHurMtRE-00182-00097757-00098434 Let me up said the minister. I must away for I'm intimated to preach at cultures and my text is +0YWFHurMtRE-00183-00098504-00098874 Whatsoever thy hand findeth to do do it with thy might? +0YWFHurMtRE-00184-00098960-00099630 My bonny man said the Good Wife tenderly you'll preach best on the broader you back this money a day +0YWFHurMtRE-00185-00099659-00100392 And when you rise your best text will be he sent from above he took me and drew me out of many waters +0YWFHurMtRE-00186-00100640-00100974 End of section 22 +0ZDDHWma30I-00000-00000085-00000682 Paula Wishart: Welcome to the University of Michigan's student to student discussion today, +0ZDDHWma30I-00001-00000682-00000900 and we're really pleased to have you join us. +0ZDDHWma30I-00002-00000900-00001246 My name is Paula Wishart, and I work here at Rackham Graduate School. +0ZDDHWma30I-00003-00001246-00001453 I'll be moderating the panel today. +0ZDDHWma30I-00004-00001453-00001807 Joining me today are six current Michigan students who will share their insights with +0ZDDHWma30I-00005-00001807-00002287 you on the transition to U of M. Also joining is Natalie Bartolacci who will be moderating +0ZDDHWma30I-00006-00002287-00002445 the questions you send us online. +0ZDDHWma30I-00007-00002445-00002613 You can send a question anytime. +0ZDDHWma30I-00008-00002613-00002771 Let me let Natalie introduce herself. +0ZDDHWma30I-00009-00002771-00003123 Natalie Bartolacci: Hi, I'm Natalie Bartolacci, and I head up the student development area +0ZDDHWma30I-00010-00003123-00003290 here at Rackham Graduate School. +0ZDDHWma30I-00011-00003290-00003679 We're really pleased to have you join us today, and we hope to see many of you at Rackham's +0ZDDHWma30I-00012-00003679-00003961 follow up information fair on August 29th. +0ZDDHWma30I-00013-00003961-00004061 Paula: A little plug there. +0ZDDHWma30I-00014-00004061-00004580 I also want to add that we held a discussion like this earlier this summer for international +0ZDDHWma30I-00015-00004580-00004839 students, and a recording of that conversation is also available. +0ZDDHWma30I-00016-00004839-00005136 We're going to begin with an opening question. +0ZDDHWma30I-00017-00005136-00005638 For this opening question, we're going to ask the students to introduce themselves and +0ZDDHWma30I-00018-00005638-00005853 share their perspectives on this question. +0ZDDHWma30I-00019-00005853-00006175 From there, we'll continue with the questions that we have here, and the questions that +0ZDDHWma30I-00020-00006175-00006409 you send us live. +0ZDDHWma30I-00021-00006409-00006509 Let's start. +0ZDDHWma30I-00022-00006509-00006904 When you think about your first week here at U of M, what were the things you remember +0ZDDHWma30I-00023-00006904-00007004 most? +0ZDDHWma30I-00024-00007004-00007168 Kyle Southern: I'm Kyle Southern. +0ZDDHWma30I-00025-00007168-00007636 I'm a third-year doctoral student in the higher education program here at Michigan. +0ZDDHWma30I-00026-00007636-00007865 I'm originally from North Carolina. +0ZDDHWma30I-00027-00007865-00008565 In thinking about those first few days and weeks on campus, what strikes me is that I +0ZDDHWma30I-00028-00008565-00008919 had been working for several years after my master's program. +0ZDDHWma30I-00029-00008919-00009465 Coming here, having to adjust back into being a student, there was a bit of a transition +0ZDDHWma30I-00030-00009465-00009565 in that. +0ZDDHWma30I-00031-00009565-00010053 I was very used to going home at five or six or seven o'clock, and not having to worry +0ZDDHWma30I-00032-00010053-00010212 about work anymore. +0ZDDHWma30I-00033-00010212-00010859 Coming to graduate school, you're in class or doing meetings most of the day, and then +0ZDDHWma30I-00034-00010859-00011231 nighttime is really a good time to do reading and preparation for the next day. +0ZDDHWma30I-00035-00011231-00011355 Adjusting to that was definitely a transition. +0ZDDHWma30I-00036-00011355-00011996 I also was trying to take care of the practical side of life, so where was I going to get +0ZDDHWma30I-00037-00011996-00012564 my groceries, or go to the bank, where to get my hair cut, all those kinds of things. +0ZDDHWma30I-00038-00012564-00013172 It was good to speak with my colleagues, with other students who were a few years ahead +0ZDDHWma30I-00039-00013172-00013713 of me, with faculty and other folks who are close to me in the school of education, to +0ZDDHWma30I-00040-00013713-00014043 get ideas on where to take care of those things. +0ZDDHWma30I-00041-00014043-00014476 That was a process for me of navigating both the transition to academic life, but also +0ZDDHWma30I-00042-00014476-00014681 to life in Ann Arbor. +0ZDDHWma30I-00043-00014681-00015237 Chukwuka Mbagwu: My name is Chukwuka Mbagwu, and I usually go by Chuky. +0ZDDHWma30I-00044-00015237-00016037 I'm a rising third-year student in aerospace engineering, and I come from Riverside, California. +0ZDDHWma30I-00045-00016037-00016637 I think one of the things that really stuck in my memory the first weeks that I came to +0ZDDHWma30I-00046-00016637-00017014 Missions campus, was just the amount of people that were here. +0ZDDHWma30I-00047-00017014-00017481 It was such a lively environment when I stepped on the campus, because from my previous institution, +0ZDDHWma30I-00048-00017481-00017698 this school's actually four times bigger. +0ZDDHWma30I-00049-00017698-00018269 For a second seemed somewhat intimidating, but it was really great to see a lot of people +0ZDDHWma30I-00050-00018269-00018741 just out and about, see the great sports culture for the homecoming games and things like that. +0ZDDHWma30I-00051-00018741-00019100 It was a really good experience, different experience for me, but something that expanded +0ZDDHWma30I-00052-00019100-00019280 my horizons a little bit. +0ZDDHWma30I-00053-00019280-00019387 Paula: Thanks, Chuky. +0ZDDHWma30I-00054-00019387-00019487 Miguel? +0ZDDHWma30I-00055-00019487-00019604 Miguel: My name is Miguel. +0ZDDHWma30I-00056-00019604-00019881 I am from Mexico. +0ZDDHWma30I-00057-00019881-00020555 I'm a second year Master in OEC at the Ford School of [inaudible 03:23] . When I arrived +0ZDDHWma30I-00058-00020555-00020953 to Ann Arbor, it was surprising for me to find a really warm weather. +0ZDDHWma30I-00059-00020953-00021740 I was expecting a dry place or, I don't know, I wasn't expecting doing the jungle... +0ZDDHWma30I-00060-00021740-00021840 [laughter] +0ZDDHWma30I-00061-00021840-00021958 Miguel: ...and that. +0ZDDHWma30I-00062-00021958-00022526 There is a lot of nature and so many places where -- incredible when I arrived in August +0ZDDHWma30I-00063-00022526-00022986 and I think the weather will be pretty similar this year. +0ZDDHWma30I-00064-00022986-00023776 Yeah, that was the great memory I have from Ann Arbor, finding something really un-expectable +0ZDDHWma30I-00065-00023776-00023876 for the first week. +0ZDDHWma30I-00066-00023876-00023976 Kristye Russell: Hi. +0ZDDHWma30I-00067-00023976-00024190 My name is Kristye Russell and I'm from Louisville, Kentucky. +0ZDDHWma30I-00068-00024190-00024828 I am a fourth year Doctorate of Pharmacy student. +0ZDDHWma30I-00069-00024828-00025585 What I remember most about the first few weeks being here at U of M was, one, it was busy. +0ZDDHWma30I-00070-00025585-00026160 Because I was trying to transition back into school and going to classes, taking quizzes, +0ZDDHWma30I-00071-00026160-00026650 because we had quizzes in the first week of my program. +0ZDDHWma30I-00072-00026650-00027088 But also, just all the events that were going on that allowed me to get to know people on +0ZDDHWma30I-00073-00027088-00027361 campus as well as the people in my program. +0ZDDHWma30I-00074-00027361-00028174 Just getting to know my classmates and building the relationships and friendships. +0ZDDHWma30I-00075-00028174-00028274 Katy Peplin: My name is Katy. +0ZDDHWma30I-00076-00028274-00028596 I am a rising fourth year in Experience Arts and Cultures PhD program. +0ZDDHWma30I-00077-00028596-00029049 What I remember most from my first couple of weeks here is I was actually a Michigan +0ZDDHWma30I-00078-00029049-00029586 undergrad, so I was expecting to come back to the campus and have full mastery. +0ZDDHWma30I-00079-00029586-00030193 I remember coming back and everything was different, there were new buildings, there +0ZDDHWma30I-00080-00030193-00030599 were new people, there were new offices to go to, and feeling really disoriented when +0ZDDHWma30I-00081-00030599-00030941 I was ready to feel very confident. +0ZDDHWma30I-00082-00030941-00031386 I wish that I would have taken time to figure out where my classes were before the first +0ZDDHWma30I-00083-00031386-00031769 day, because they were in a whole new building, and I had no idea where I was going. +0ZDDHWma30I-00084-00031769-00032225 Supraja Damotharan: Hi, everybody, I'm Supraja and I'm from India. +0ZDDHWma30I-00085-00032225-00032605 I am also a student in the Financial Engineering program. +0ZDDHWma30I-00086-00032605-00032958 The next semester is going to be final semester. +0ZDDHWma30I-00087-00032958-00033622 The first few weeks that I came to University of Michigan, the biggest feeling was I kind +0ZDDHWma30I-00088-00033622-00034181 of felt lost because I was here by the month of June, which is pretty early and there are +0ZDDHWma30I-00089-00034181-00034368 not many students around campus. +0ZDDHWma30I-00090-00034368-00034897 It's a huge campus and you have to find your way. +0ZDDHWma30I-00091-00034897-00035166 Every turn I took, I forgot which route I took. +0ZDDHWma30I-00092-00035166-00035427 I would stop everybody on the way and ask them. +0ZDDHWma30I-00093-00035427-00035946 Nobody would know, but they would be kind enough to stop and use their smartphones and +0ZDDHWma30I-00094-00035946-00036486 Google Maps and guide me in the right...I did not have a smartphone. +0ZDDHWma30I-00095-00036486-00036586 That was very helpful. +0ZDDHWma30I-00096-00036586-00036712 That's the biggest thing I remember. +0ZDDHWma30I-00097-00036712-00037219 The first few weeks I did not have housing. +0ZDDHWma30I-00098-00037219-00037568 That was a big worry for me at that time. +0ZDDHWma30I-00099-00037568-00037800 But I did manage to find housing. +0ZDDHWma30I-00100-00037800-00038427 The thing is that I got to know a lot of people who still did not have housing. +0ZDDHWma30I-00101-00038427-00039031 If you don't have housing, you don't need to panic is what I realized at that point. +0ZDDHWma30I-00102-00039031-00039180 You have choices. +0ZDDHWma30I-00103-00039180-00039827 It's not like you are going to be stuck in a really bad place. +0ZDDHWma30I-00104-00039827-00039927 That was one thing. +0ZDDHWma30I-00105-00039927-00040436 Then, since I am an international student I have never been away from home, stayed at +0ZDDHWma30I-00106-00040436-00040709 home all my life. +0ZDDHWma30I-00107-00040709-00041052 This was kind of like being alone for the first time. +0ZDDHWma30I-00108-00041052-00041521 It was nice, but I was homesick as well a bit. +0ZDDHWma30I-00109-00041521-00041621 [laughs] +0ZDDHWma30I-00110-00041621-00042124 Then meeting so many people from so many different countries, it felt like, "Oh, my God. +0ZDDHWma30I-00111-00042124-00042487 This is why I came to University of Michigan, to experience the diversity." +0ZDDHWma30I-00112-00042487-00042699 It's here in Michigan. +0ZDDHWma30I-00113-00042699-00043390 Paula: We've heard some of the things about making that transition logistically that first +0ZDDHWma30I-00114-00043390-00043490 week. +0ZDDHWma30I-00115-00043490-00044238 What sort of advice would any of you offer about that arrival on campus? +0ZDDHWma30I-00116-00044238-00044811 Chukwuka: I definitely have a couple of things. +0ZDDHWma30I-00117-00044811-00044925 Housing was also mentioned earlier. +0ZDDHWma30I-00118-00044925-00045449 I think that for all students it's really important to get that done early. +0ZDDHWma30I-00119-00045449-00045969 Depending on your department's admissions process and cycle, you can gain your admission +0ZDDHWma30I-00120-00045969-00046658 and ultimately make your decision anywhere from April or later. +0ZDDHWma30I-00121-00046658-00047043 Sometimes that can create some anxiety in terms of whether or not you'll be able to +0ZDDHWma30I-00122-00047043-00047143 find housing. +0ZDDHWma30I-00123-00047143-00047615 But the university provides a lot of resources in terms of matching you with roommates and +0ZDDHWma30I-00124-00047615-00047780 housing and find things like that. +0ZDDHWma30I-00125-00047780-00048190 I think just getting started on that process really early is important. +0ZDDHWma30I-00126-00048190-00048945 If you are able to visit the campus before you come here in the fall, I think that's +0ZDDHWma30I-00127-00048945-00049412 really helpful in terms of seeing the place that you are going to be living in or just +0ZDDHWma30I-00128-00049412-00049767 familiarizing yourself with your classrooms, your department, and all of those things. +0ZDDHWma30I-00129-00049767-00050236 Just being able to figure out housing or getting an early start, you really don't want to push +0ZDDHWma30I-00130-00050236-00050336 that too late. +0ZDDHWma30I-00131-00050336-00050594 But even so, there's a lot of resources for you to get that done. +0ZDDHWma30I-00132-00050594-00050806 Kyle: I agree with that. +0ZDDHWma30I-00133-00050806-00050983 I also thought it was valuable. +0ZDDHWma30I-00134-00050983-00051365 I got here just a little bit before classes started. +0ZDDHWma30I-00135-00051365-00051666 I had a few days with not too much on my schedule. +0ZDDHWma30I-00136-00051666-00052192 It was helpful to just kind of walk around downtown, just kind of see where things were, +0ZDDHWma30I-00137-00052192-00052730 learn kind of the grid, where are the major streets, just kind of get landmarks not only +0ZDDHWma30I-00138-00052730-00053294 on practical things, but also restaurants or interesting things that looked like I'd +0ZDDHWma30I-00139-00053294-00053424 want to check them out. +0ZDDHWma30I-00140-00053424-00053758 Supraja: I would like to just add onto this. +0ZDDHWma30I-00141-00053758-00054280 Before you arrive at University of Michigan, it would be nice to get in touch with your +0ZDDHWma30I-00142-00054280-00054789 fellow students, because you will learn a lot of unexpected small things that you'd +0ZDDHWma30I-00143-00054789-00055235 arrive and then you would found out and it would be a surprise. +0ZDDHWma30I-00144-00055235-00055732 But if you get in touch with your fellow students, they will mention small things like housing, +0ZDDHWma30I-00145-00055732-00056016 "These apartments are not good. +0ZDDHWma30I-00146-00056016-00056186 Maybe you can choose another one." +0ZDDHWma30I-00147-00056186-00056516 Small stuff that you would not realize but it would help you out. +0ZDDHWma30I-00148-00056516-00056719 That would be one thing. +0ZDDHWma30I-00149-00056719-00057007 Paula: What are some other resources? +0ZDDHWma30I-00150-00057007-00057248 Getting in touch with your fellow students. +0ZDDHWma30I-00151-00057248-00057520 You were sort of hinting toward some helpful resources. +0ZDDHWma30I-00152-00057520-00057848 What sort of things do you think would be good to check out ahead of time? +0ZDDHWma30I-00153-00057848-00058341 Kyle: Definitely in terms of housing, there is Northwood Housing, a website that helps +0ZDDHWma30I-00154-00058341-00058616 put you in contact with other Northwood students. +0ZDDHWma30I-00155-00058616-00059154 There is also The University of Michigan off-campus housing website, which I found particularly +0ZDDHWma30I-00156-00059154-00059254 useful. +0ZDDHWma30I-00157-00059254-00059785 I discovered it late, so I think this is great that you guys would hopefully get a kind of +0ZDDHWma30I-00158-00059785-00060066 advanced notice of this resource, because it's really good. +0ZDDHWma30I-00159-00060066-00060583 It allows you to kind of identify and select your particular price range, neighborhood +0ZDDHWma30I-00160-00060583-00061036 that you want to live in, roommates, whether it's up to two, three, or four roommates, +0ZDDHWma30I-00161-00061036-00061216 things like that. +0ZDDHWma30I-00162-00061216-00061491 That's really helpful in terms of housing on site. +0ZDDHWma30I-00163-00061491-00061992 Katy: I would say that in terms of off-campus housing, a lot of Ann Arbor leases are for +0ZDDHWma30I-00164-00061992-00062094 a year. +0ZDDHWma30I-00165-00062094-00062480 But a lot of times undergraduate students or either graduate students are away on fellowship +0ZDDHWma30I-00166-00062480-00062595 or they are studying abroad. +0ZDDHWma30I-00167-00062595-00063084 There are often short term sublets that you can get for a month or two that would give +0ZDDHWma30I-00168-00063084-00063460 you the chance to sort of move in, at least partially, and then find out what neighborhood +0ZDDHWma30I-00169-00063460-00063560 you want. +0ZDDHWma30I-00170-00063560-00063961 I know a lot of people who have successfully taken a short term sublet and then moved into +0ZDDHWma30I-00171-00063961-00064442 a forever home a little bit later if they didn't know the city as well. +0ZDDHWma30I-00172-00064442-00064976 A lot of times those are posted on the off-campus housing website, so they are university students +0ZDDHWma30I-00173-00064976-00065205 that could give you further advice. +0ZDDHWma30I-00174-00065205-00065610 Kyle: I'm sure we could provide, after the broadcast, links on a website for you guys +0ZDDHWma30I-00175-00065610-00065801 to go check it out. +0ZDDHWma30I-00176-00065801-00066420 Paula: Do you guy want to give any thoughts on the different parts of campus, sort of +0ZDDHWma30I-00177-00066420-00066779 how the campus is broken up? +0ZDDHWma30I-00178-00066779-00067166 Miguel: Like [inaudible 11:11] , there are three campuses-one in the north, another in +0ZDDHWma30I-00179-00067166-00067514 the center of Ann Arbor, and another in the south. +0ZDDHWma30I-00180-00067514-00068085 In my case, most of my classes are in the central campus, but I live in the north campus. +0ZDDHWma30I-00181-00068085-00068338 I have to take one of the busses from the university. +0ZDDHWma30I-00182-00068338-00068602 There are two major bus systems in Ann Arbor. +0ZDDHWma30I-00183-00068602-00068977 One is provided by the university, and the other is provided by the city. +0ZDDHWma30I-00184-00068977-00069163 Both of them are free. +0ZDDHWma30I-00185-00069163-00069514 But in the university busses you don't have to identify yourself. +0ZDDHWma30I-00186-00069514-00069987 Anyone can take the bus without paying a lot for it. +0ZDDHWma30I-00187-00069987-00070092 I have to take a bus. +0ZDDHWma30I-00188-00070092-00070673 It's only like 15 or 20 minutes from the place that I take classes. +0ZDDHWma30I-00189-00070673-00070927 Many people will say, "Oh, that's a really big distance. +0ZDDHWma30I-00190-00070927-00071399 You are living in another campus, and you are taking multiple classes in central campus." +0ZDDHWma30I-00191-00071399-00071972 But yeah, it's a greater distance, but in most of the big cities in the US that would +0ZDDHWma30I-00192-00071972-00072581 be an incredible deal, only one bus and 20-minute ride. +0ZDDHWma30I-00193-00072581-00072829 Those are the main divisions. +0ZDDHWma30I-00194-00072829-00073381 I would suggest in case you are going to take most of your classes in one of the campuses +0ZDDHWma30I-00195-00073381-00074001 that you look for housing around those places, just to make it easier. +0ZDDHWma30I-00196-00074001-00074206 But actually, it's not a big deal. +0ZDDHWma30I-00197-00074206-00074638 Katy: We talked a lot about housing, but we didn't talk a lot about getting to where we +0ZDDHWma30I-00198-00074638-00074738 need to be. +0ZDDHWma30I-00199-00074738-00075281 Getting home and getting to our classes or getting to the library. +0ZDDHWma30I-00200-00075281-00075830 I think it's always a good deal to look at the bus route, figure out how you are going +0ZDDHWma30I-00201-00075830-00076111 to get from your house to class ahead of time. +0ZDDHWma30I-00202-00076111-00076727 Also, if you want to drive, looking up how to get a parking pass ahead of time, because +0ZDDHWma30I-00203-00076727-00076995 parking can be a challenge on campus. +0ZDDHWma30I-00204-00076995-00077460 If you don't want to be late to classes, then it's good to know where you can park ahead +0ZDDHWma30I-00205-00077460-00077560 of time. +0ZDDHWma30I-00206-00077560-00077924 Supraja: I'd just like to add on to her statement. +0ZDDHWma30I-00207-00077924-00078599 Residence parking, sometimes some of my classmates, they park a mile away and walk, which does +0ZDDHWma30I-00208-00078599-00078727 not make sense. +0ZDDHWma30I-00209-00078727-00079523 It's better to take the public transport, the U Mich busses, especially during winters. +0ZDDHWma30I-00210-00079523-00080268 It would be better to just take busses rather than having to skip or something like that. +0ZDDHWma30I-00211-00080268-00080430 They are very frequent. +0ZDDHWma30I-00212-00080430-00081098 Even the city busses, during the week those are pretty frequent. +0ZDDHWma30I-00213-00081098-00081522 As Miguel said, both busses are free. +0ZDDHWma30I-00214-00081522-00082011 But for the city bus, if you have an M Card you just need to swipe and it's free. +0ZDDHWma30I-00215-00082011-00082336 For the university busses you don't need M cards. +0ZDDHWma30I-00216-00082336-00082557 Anyone is allowed on the bus. +0ZDDHWma30I-00217-00082557-00082854 Paula: Your M Card is your ID card. +0ZDDHWma30I-00218-00082854-00083001 Supraja: Yeah, ID card. +0ZDDHWma30I-00219-00083001-00084036 Kyle: To give you some advice, when you arrive to Ann Arbor, go to get your M Card. +0ZDDHWma30I-00220-00084036-00084136 [laughter] +0ZDDHWma30I-00221-00084136-00084236 [crosstalk] +0ZDDHWma30I-00222-00084236-00084431 Paula: Does anyone have a card? +0ZDDHWma30I-00223-00084431-00084563 [crosstalk] +0ZDDHWma30I-00224-00084563-00085033 Paula: That's the M Card. +0ZDDHWma30I-00225-00085033-00085207 It will get you into performances or... +0ZDDHWma30I-00226-00085207-00085307 Supraja: Yeah. +0ZDDHWma30I-00227-00085307-00085447 You get discounts with this card. +0ZDDHWma30I-00228-00085447-00085731 Katy: It's a library card... +0ZDDHWma30I-00229-00085731-00085918 Kyle: Everything. +0ZDDHWma30I-00230-00085918-00086825 Supraja: I know this is right in between, but there is this free bus service to try +0ZDDHWma30I-00231-00086825-00086941 it out. +0ZDDHWma30I-00232-00086941-00087177 Even that you can access using the M Card. +0ZDDHWma30I-00233-00087177-00087441 You just need to swipe and the ride is free. +0ZDDHWma30I-00234-00087441-00087814 You can go into downtown Detroit, look around, and then come back by the same bus. +0ZDDHWma30I-00235-00087814-00087997 You use the M Card, and it's free. +0ZDDHWma30I-00236-00087997-00088702 Natalie: I did get a question coming in about, "What is the best way to get to and from the +0ZDDHWma30I-00237-00088702-00088870 airport?" +0ZDDHWma30I-00238-00088870-00089039 [crosstalk] +0ZDDHWma30I-00239-00089039-00090012 Kyle: The best service I have found is the Michigan Flier bus, which runs from downtown +0ZDDHWma30I-00240-00090012-00090418 and also from the Southside of town by the interstate. +0ZDDHWma30I-00241-00090418-00090918 There is a hotel where it picks up called Kensington Court. +0ZDDHWma30I-00242-00090918-00091131 It leaves maybe about every hour. +0ZDDHWma30I-00243-00091131-00091889 It's only $12 each way, in contrast to a cab would probably run you $50-$60 to get from +0ZDDHWma30I-00244-00091889-00092050 the airport to here. +0ZDDHWma30I-00245-00092050-00092588 I would really recommend the Michigan Flier as a good and reliable service. +0ZDDHWma30I-00246-00092588-00092727 Paula: It's a bus, right? +0ZDDHWma30I-00247-00092727-00092862 Kyle: It's a nice coach bus. +0ZDDHWma30I-00248-00092862-00092962 There's WiFi. +0ZDDHWma30I-00249-00092962-00093062 You just kind of hang out. +0ZDDHWma30I-00250-00093062-00093174 They give you water. +0ZDDHWma30I-00251-00093174-00093531 It's a nice ride. +0ZDDHWma30I-00252-00093531-00093992 Katy: Just to second the Michigan Flier. +0ZDDHWma30I-00253-00093992-00094151 It's incredibly convenient. +0ZDDHWma30I-00254-00094151-00094626 Supraja: They are on time most of the time. +0ZDDHWma30I-00255-00094626-00095152 If you have too many bags or baggage which you don't think you can handle on a bus, you +0ZDDHWma30I-00256-00095152-00095273 can take a cab. +0ZDDHWma30I-00257-00095273-00095852 But you can try to find somebody who is taking the ride to Ann Arbor at the same time as +0ZDDHWma30I-00258-00095852-00096223 you so that you can share the cab ride so it's not that expensive. +0ZDDHWma30I-00259-00096223-00096525 You don't need to take the cab for yourself. +0ZDDHWma30I-00260-00096525-00096947 Katy: I've also seen people save money by taking the Michigan Flier and then just a +0ZDDHWma30I-00261-00096947-00097243 cab from wherever the bus stop is to their location. +0ZDDHWma30I-00262-00097243-00097711 It's more like a $10 cab ride instead of a $60 cab ride. +0ZDDHWma30I-00263-00097711-00097945 Miguel: I arrived here with my family. +0ZDDHWma30I-00264-00097945-00098518 When we arrived we decided to rent a car and it was a good deal. +0ZDDHWma30I-00265-00098518-00099104 We rented a car in the Detroit airport, so we just drove like 30 minutes and we left +0ZDDHWma30I-00266-00099104-00099204 the car in Ann Arbor. +0ZDDHWma30I-00267-00099204-00099619 For [inaudible 16:34] many times, this is an option because you bring a lot of luggage +0ZDDHWma30I-00268-00099619-00099948 and you prefer not to take a bus. +0ZDDHWma30I-00269-00099948-00100249 It's really easy. +0ZDDHWma30I-00270-00100249-00100836 It's also useful for the first two or three days to have the car in order to buy things, +0ZDDHWma30I-00271-00100836-00101143 in order to go to the store. +0ZDDHWma30I-00272-00101143-00101361 Chukwuka: I would also like to put out that the Michigan Flier runs from 8AM to 8PM. +0ZDDHWma30I-00273-00101361-00101494 There is limited hours. +0ZDDHWma30I-00274-00101494-00102520 If you have a midnight flight our off-peak hours, then you can use another service. +0ZDDHWma30I-00275-00102520-00102734 Paula: Good suggestion. +0ZDDHWma30I-00276-00102734-00102834 [crosstalk] +0ZDDHWma30I-00277-00102834-00102944 Paula: You have a car? +0ZDDHWma30I-00278-00102944-00103126 Katy: I do have a car. +0ZDDHWma30I-00279-00103126-00103774 I have a car, but I very rarely take it to campus proper because I can very rarely park +0ZDDHWma30I-00280-00103774-00104222 close for anything less than six or seven dollars, which if you are coming from New +0ZDDHWma30I-00281-00104222-00104349 York City, it's like, "Wow! +0ZDDHWma30I-00282-00104349-00104449 What a deal!" +0ZDDHWma30I-00283-00104449-00104765 But if you do it three or four days a week, it really adds up. +0ZDDHWma30I-00284-00104765-00105167 I do use the car for things like going to the grocery story store. +0ZDDHWma30I-00285-00105167-00105749 But I've also never lived in a place where I couldn't also take the bus. +0ZDDHWma30I-00286-00105749-00106314 I have a lot of friends that don't have cars, but I find that since cars are a luxury, the +0ZDDHWma30I-00287-00106314-00106650 people who have cars are pretty generous with them. +0ZDDHWma30I-00288-00106650-00107096 There are people that either don't have a car in your department that will split a Zip +0ZDDHWma30I-00289-00107096-00107563 Car with you to go to the grocery store with you, or people that will say...I often say +0ZDDHWma30I-00290-00107563-00107889 to people in my department that don't have a car, "I'm going to the grocery store. +0ZDDHWma30I-00291-00107889-00108133 Do you want me to pick up anything or do you want to come with me?" +0ZDDHWma30I-00292-00108133-00108502 Because it's often just an extra two or three minutes and then they don't have to take all +0ZDDHWma30I-00293-00108502-00108663 of their stuff on the bus. +0ZDDHWma30I-00294-00108663-00108794 Kyle: What is Zip Car? +0ZDDHWma30I-00295-00108794-00109208 Katy: Zip Car is an online private car sharing service. +0ZDDHWma30I-00296-00109208-00109511 I think almost all of the Michigan lots have Zip Cars. +0ZDDHWma30I-00297-00109511-00110077 But you sign up online and you basically reserve a car and you pay by the hour. +0ZDDHWma30I-00298-00110077-00110753 If you have just a short term one-off expense or you really need to get to Birmingham for +0ZDDHWma30I-00299-00110753-00111150 an interview and you don't want to pay for a car the whole time, it's fully insured. +0ZDDHWma30I-00300-00111150-00111464 It's not the cheapest thing. +0ZDDHWma30I-00301-00111464-00111884 But if you split it with people for a one-time thing, it's more affordable than renting a +0ZDDHWma30I-00302-00111884-00111984 car. +0ZDDHWma30I-00303-00111984-00112297 It's often more convenient. +0ZDDHWma30I-00304-00112297-00112544 Paula: Birmingham, Michigan... +0ZDDHWma30I-00305-00112544-00112644 [crosstalk] +0ZDDHWma30I-00306-00112644-00113388 Paula: Because Ann Arbor is in the state of Michigan, beyond Michigan, beyond Ann Arbor, +0ZDDHWma30I-00307-00113388-00113836 what sort of things do you recommend people check out when they get here when they have +0ZDDHWma30I-00308-00113836-00113957 a little time to check it out? +0ZDDHWma30I-00309-00113957-00114401 Kristye: One of my favorite things to do on the weekend is to go to Detroit. +0ZDDHWma30I-00310-00114401-00114527 I love going to Detroit. +0ZDDHWma30I-00311-00114527-00115020 They have the eastern market, which is the outdoor farmer's market on Saturday mornings. +0ZDDHWma30I-00312-00115020-00115120 It's beautiful. +0ZDDHWma30I-00313-00115120-00115566 There's all kinds of fruit and vegetables, crafts. +0ZDDHWma30I-00314-00115566-00115666 People are performing. +0ZDDHWma30I-00315-00115666-00116071 There are some great restaurants right around there as well. +0ZDDHWma30I-00316-00116071-00116516 I also recommend that if you are able to, go to one of Michigan's beaches. +0ZDDHWma30I-00317-00116516-00116810 I just left [inaudible 19:31] City Beach. +0ZDDHWma30I-00318-00116810-00116910 Beautiful. +0ZDDHWma30I-00319-00116910-00117063 It was a gorgeous place. +0ZDDHWma30I-00320-00117063-00117622 If you can make it up there and get to see Lake Picaroon? +0ZDDHWma30I-00321-00117622-00118122 Kyle: Detroit also has pro football, pro baseball, pro hockey. +0ZDDHWma30I-00322-00118122-00118735 The Detroit Institute of Art has a great art collection. +0ZDDHWma30I-00323-00118735-00119236 Lot of great things to do there, movie series, concerts. +0ZDDHWma30I-00324-00119236-00119354 I agree. +0ZDDHWma30I-00325-00119354-00119911 Then also towns like Kalamazoo or Grand Rapids are not too far away. +0ZDDHWma30I-00326-00119911-00120145 Those are a great day trip as well. +0ZDDHWma30I-00327-00120145-00120826 Supraja: I'd like to add onto that Battle Creek is the [inaudible 20:08] city. +0ZDDHWma30I-00328-00120826-00120991 Maybe you can check it out. +0ZDDHWma30I-00329-00120991-00121651 I've never done the tourist thing at Battle Creek, but I think it's a place to recommend. +0ZDDHWma30I-00330-00121651-00122316 Katy: I go to a lot of state parks actually, because in Michigan if you pay for a Michigan +0ZDDHWma30I-00331-00122316-00122769 license plate, it often gives you free admission to many state parks. +0ZDDHWma30I-00332-00122769-00123236 It's like a 15 or 20 minute drive to really good hikes that sometimes it feels good to +0ZDDHWma30I-00333-00123236-00123764 get out of the city [laughs] of Ann Arbor and see some trees. +0ZDDHWma30I-00334-00123764-00124159 But there's also good parks around Ann Arbor. +0ZDDHWma30I-00335-00124159-00124532 The Arb is sort of an open air botanical garden. +0ZDDHWma30I-00336-00124532-00124933 It's big enough that you can sort to feel like you got away. +0ZDDHWma30I-00337-00124933-00125359 I like that quite a bit. +0ZDDHWma30I-00338-00125359-00126217 Supraja: If you want to get out of the city, just go to the North campus of The University +0ZDDHWma30I-00339-00126217-00126326 of Michigan... +0ZDDHWma30I-00340-00126326-00126426 [laughter] +0ZDDHWma30I-00341-00126426-00126526 [crosstalk] +0ZDDHWma30I-00342-00126526-00126808 Paula: You mentioned something about the parks. +0ZDDHWma30I-00343-00126808-00126973 Miguel: Yeah. +0ZDDHWma30I-00344-00126973-00127433 I have two children, so I spend a lot of time in parks playing with them. +0ZDDHWma30I-00345-00127433-00127849 It's just been amazing because in the beginning of the summer we decided to visit all the +0ZDDHWma30I-00346-00127849-00128149 city parks that are in Ann Arbor, not outside. +0ZDDHWma30I-00347-00128149-00128466 We haven't done that yet because there are a lot of places where we can go with the kids +0ZDDHWma30I-00348-00128466-00128618 and to the playground. +0ZDDHWma30I-00349-00128618-00128935 There are many activities to do if you have children. +0ZDDHWma30I-00350-00128935-00129508 Even if you don't have them, many of those parks have incredible [inaudible 21:37] . You +0ZDDHWma30I-00351-00129508-00130314 can row them in the river or you can also do a lot of nature stuff and sports. +0ZDDHWma30I-00352-00130314-00130872 If you want to go farther, you can go to Chicago and it's only three or four hours away. +0ZDDHWma30I-00353-00130872-00131658 If you find a deal, you can go [inaudible 21:53] . It's a really good place to go and +0ZDDHWma30I-00354-00131658-00131824 visit if you really want to go... +0ZDDHWma30I-00355-00131824-00132288 Kyle: In Chicago the train is good and usually not too expensive. +0ZDDHWma30I-00356-00132288-00132523 You can also take Mega Bus... +0ZDDHWma30I-00357-00132523-00132623 [crosstalk] +0ZDDHWma30I-00358-00132623-00132828 Supraja: There are bus services too. +0ZDDHWma30I-00359-00132828-00133335 Katy: Those will go to most of the major cities in Michigan, too. +0ZDDHWma30I-00360-00133335-00133826 You can take a Greyhound or a Mega Bus to Kalamazoo. +0ZDDHWma30I-00361-00133826-00134374 Supraja: Sometimes busses are recommended over trains because sometimes trains are slow. +0ZDDHWma30I-00362-00134374-00134541 Busses are very fast. +0ZDDHWma30I-00363-00134541-00135054 Paula: We've been talking about a lot of fun stuff, and we'll get back to that. +0ZDDHWma30I-00364-00135054-00135279 But we also know that students are coming here for academic reasons, too. +0ZDDHWma30I-00365-00135279-00135447 What kind of advice would you share with them? +0ZDDHWma30I-00366-00135447-00136108 Maybe think of it from the point of view as when you came to graduate school, what was +0ZDDHWma30I-00367-00136108-00136208 surprising to you academically? +0ZDDHWma30I-00368-00136208-00136665 What sort of things did you discover that you think will be helpful to share with students +0ZDDHWma30I-00369-00136665-00137022 who are just entering? +0ZDDHWma30I-00370-00137022-00137965 Supraja: I'd just like to point out that academics is quite rigorous. +0ZDDHWma30I-00371-00137965-00138396 You should be prepared to give it your best. +0ZDDHWma30I-00372-00138396-00138676 That was my thought when I started school here. +0ZDDHWma30I-00373-00138676-00138958 It's not like you can have fun and get good grades. +0ZDDHWma30I-00374-00138958-00139291 You have to work really hard. +0ZDDHWma30I-00375-00139291-00139463 You have to be prepared. +0ZDDHWma30I-00376-00139463-00139577 That's it. +0ZDDHWma30I-00377-00139577-00139751 It's not scary. +0ZDDHWma30I-00378-00139751-00139971 It's the reality of grad school. +0ZDDHWma30I-00379-00139971-00140096 But it is tough. +0ZDDHWma30I-00380-00140096-00141045 Kristye: I might have a different experience because I am in a health professional program. +0ZDDHWma30I-00381-00141045-00141519 But when I came here, I had sat a year out from school. +0ZDDHWma30I-00382-00141519-00141872 I graduated from graduate school and then I taught school for a year and then I came +0ZDDHWma30I-00383-00141872-00142094 to pharmacy school. +0ZDDHWma30I-00384-00142094-00142979 The sheer volume of work is I guess what I remember the most, because right now I'm not +0ZDDHWma30I-00385-00142979-00143544 in classes, but it was just the volume of working, becoming acclimated to having my +0ZDDHWma30I-00386-00143544-00144035 quizzes and exams weekly and every other day. +0ZDDHWma30I-00387-00144035-00144617 If you can eliminate any type of worry. +0ZDDHWma30I-00388-00144617-00144844 That for me was getting my lunch ready at night. +0ZDDHWma30I-00389-00144844-00145354 These are the little things that can cause you to be stressed out when you have to be +0ZDDHWma30I-00390-00145354-00145659 some place or in your class on time. +0ZDDHWma30I-00391-00145659-00146313 Getting my lunch ready at night, getting dressed, picking out my clothes, knowing where my car +0ZDDHWma30I-00392-00146313-00146767 keys were, knowing where my bus pass was, those type of things. +0ZDDHWma30I-00393-00146767-00147216 Just getting a routine and getting that established... +0ZDDHWma30I-00394-00147216-00147316 Kyle: That's so important. +0ZDDHWma30I-00395-00147316-00148000 I would just add that you can be working on things all the time, so it's important to +0ZDDHWma30I-00396-00148000-00148367 establish parameters for yourself and to be mindful, as you alluded to, of self-care. +0ZDDHWma30I-00397-00148367-00149213 Not to think, "Oh, I'll go exercise if I have time later this week," because you can always +0ZDDHWma30I-00398-00149213-00149563 talk yourself out of that. +0ZDDHWma30I-00399-00149563-00150000 If your face life is important, you need to carve out time for that. +0ZDDHWma30I-00400-00150000-00150283 It's just important to keep a realistic perspective. +0ZDDHWma30I-00401-00150283-00150820 It's easy to lose track of, I think, when you are coming in and getting involved with +0ZDDHWma30I-00402-00150820-00150920 the work. +0ZDDHWma30I-00403-00150920-00151240 But you're going to be better at the work if you are also taking care of yourself. +0ZDDHWma30I-00404-00151240-00151630 Make sure you are carving out that time, whatever is most valuable for you. +0ZDDHWma30I-00405-00151630-00152222 Katy: The best advice I got was to treat my graduate program like a job, because a lot +0ZDDHWma30I-00406-00152222-00152848 of us are either coming from job experience or we really need to make that transition. +0ZDDHWma30I-00407-00152848-00153338 Feeling like I had working hours and then non-working hours was really helpful for me, +0ZDDHWma30I-00408-00153338-00153670 not just to make sure that I had self-care, but to make sure that I was using those hours +0ZDDHWma30I-00409-00153670-00153847 as well as I could. +0ZDDHWma30I-00410-00153847-00154304 Because there is sort of an expectation and so many different people will tell you that +0ZDDHWma30I-00411-00154304-00154705 they are reading all of the time or that they're working all of the time that it becomes really +0ZDDHWma30I-00412-00154705-00155187 easy to imagine that everyone is working always. +0ZDDHWma30I-00413-00155187-00155637 In some cases that's true, but they might not be as efficient as they could be. +0ZDDHWma30I-00414-00155637-00156210 When I would say, "You have two hours to get this amount of reading done," it let me know +0ZDDHWma30I-00415-00156210-00156539 that I could stop at a certain point, but it also made me more productive in those two +0ZDDHWma30I-00416-00156539-00157065 hours, in the same way that my friends that had jobs knew that they only had a certain +0ZDDHWma30I-00417-00157065-00157653 amount of time to get that task done, and so they couldn't be taking every meeting. +0ZDDHWma30I-00418-00157653-00157841 They couldn't be having every lunch. +0ZDDHWma30I-00419-00157841-00158313 They had to be strategic about knowing their own limits. +0ZDDHWma30I-00420-00158313-00158855 Paula: What kind of suggestions do you have like that in terms of creating academic habits, +0ZDDHWma30I-00421-00158855-00159255 whether it be yourself or how you reach out to other people? +0ZDDHWma30I-00422-00159255-00159355 Are there suggestions you have? +0ZDDHWma30I-00423-00159355-00159700 Kristye: I like to make a task list. +0ZDDHWma30I-00424-00159700-00160424 I found that that helps me to keep track of everything that is due or even just the things +0ZDDHWma30I-00425-00160424-00160958 that need to be done in that day so it doesn't spill over to the next day, and I'm running +0ZDDHWma30I-00426-00160958-00161058 behind on things. +0ZDDHWma30I-00427-00161058-00161514 I always make a task list of all the things that have to be done or even just fill out +0ZDDHWma30I-00428-00161514-00161922 a calendar of assignments that are due or exams that are coming up. +0ZDDHWma30I-00429-00161922-00162530 Supraja: I think, like she said, you have to prioritize a lot, because during the academic +0ZDDHWma30I-00430-00162530-00163063 year, you have to concentrate on your academics, as well as if you are recruiting, you have +0ZDDHWma30I-00431-00163063-00163763 to be sure you are at the company events you'd like to work for. +0ZDDHWma30I-00432-00163763-00164383 If you are doing research, you have to prioritize that as well. +0ZDDHWma30I-00433-00164383-00165151 I know a few people who just go to all these networking events and not concentrate on their +0ZDDHWma30I-00434-00165151-00165251 classes. +0ZDDHWma30I-00435-00165251-00165351 You shouldn't do that. +0ZDDHWma30I-00436-00165351-00165898 You should strike this balance where you pick the companies which you really, really want +0ZDDHWma30I-00437-00165898-00166210 to work for. +0ZDDHWma30I-00438-00166210-00166761 The classes, which are very important, the assignments which need to be submitted, you +0ZDDHWma30I-00439-00166761-00167024 have to juggle it all. +0ZDDHWma30I-00440-00167024-00167496 Paula: In terms of reaching out to academic support instructors in your department, some +0ZDDHWma30I-00441-00167496-00167596 I know are department specific. +0ZDDHWma30I-00442-00167596-00167696 Some are shared. +0ZDDHWma30I-00443-00167696-00168245 But do you have things that you've found really helpful, things you'd recommend? +0ZDDHWma30I-00444-00168245-00168388 Chukwuka: Definitely. +0ZDDHWma30I-00445-00168388-00168699 I think one of the first things when you are out on campus that you should do is you should +0ZDDHWma30I-00446-00168699-00169047 really get to know your department coordinators and administrators. +0ZDDHWma30I-00447-00169047-00169637 They are absolutely the number one resource you can for your department or program specific +0ZDDHWma30I-00448-00169637-00169740 needs. +0ZDDHWma30I-00449-00169740-00169932 They know all the forms you need to fill out. +0ZDDHWma30I-00450-00169932-00170627 They know all the how to really interact with the professors and your instructors and even +0ZDDHWma30I-00451-00170627-00171063 connect you with other students if you need to work with a study group or things like +0ZDDHWma30I-00452-00171063-00171163 that. +0ZDDHWma30I-00453-00171163-00171412 They are a really good resource. +0ZDDHWma30I-00454-00171412-00171635 Very good for funding, definitely for doctoral students. +0ZDDHWma30I-00455-00171635-00172289 You can either come up with a package or you can have some type of teaching fellowship +0ZDDHWma30I-00456-00172289-00172466 or other things like that. +0ZDDHWma30I-00457-00172466-00172864 They can help you work all those details out, whereas you can sometimes feel overwhelmed. +0ZDDHWma30I-00458-00172864-00173324 I think getting to know your administrators, they are only there to help and they've been +0ZDDHWma30I-00459-00173324-00173616 there for a while and they know everything in and out. +0ZDDHWma30I-00460-00173616-00173961 Getting to know them on a personal level is really important. +0ZDDHWma30I-00461-00173961-00174265 They definitely go out of their way to help you. +0ZDDHWma30I-00462-00174265-00175051 Kyle: Even outside of programs, many people will come in and have a statistics sequence +0ZDDHWma30I-00463-00175051-00175163 or stats requirement. +0ZDDHWma30I-00464-00175163-00175515 That can be a source of some stress for students. +0ZDDHWma30I-00465-00175515-00175674 I know it was for me when I came in. +0ZDDHWma30I-00466-00175674-00176224 But there are regular workshops on campus to help students through those issues. +0ZDDHWma30I-00467-00176224-00176784 These are people who are [inaudible 29:29] with packages and things and help you work +0ZDDHWma30I-00468-00176784-00176997 through those and help you get it. +0ZDDHWma30I-00469-00176997-00177512 Even if you miss a little something in class, they can help explain it to you in a clearer +0ZDDHWma30I-00470-00177512-00177659 way. +0ZDDHWma30I-00471-00177659-00178325 Also, many students come in with some concerns about writing and the Sweetland Writing Center +0ZDDHWma30I-00472-00178325-00178769 on campus is a really good resource for a lot of students to help them think for how +0ZDDHWma30I-00473-00178769-00179165 to structure their arguments and be clear in their language. +0ZDDHWma30I-00474-00179165-00179561 That's been a real great resource for a lot of people as well. +0ZDDHWma30I-00475-00179561-00180189 Katy: I know that I am very fixated on the email that Rack 'Em puts out. +0ZDDHWma30I-00476-00180189-00180345 It was every Friday during the school year. +0ZDDHWma30I-00477-00180345-00180784 I think it's every month during the summer. +0ZDDHWma30I-00478-00180784-00180937 [crosstalk] +0ZDDHWma30I-00479-00180937-00181849 Katy: I found it really overwhelming when I first got here how many resources were offered +0ZDDHWma30I-00480-00181849-00181949 to me. +0ZDDHWma30I-00481-00181949-00182398 I could have made a fulltime job out of just accessing the resources. +0ZDDHWma30I-00482-00182398-00182896 That digest on Friday was really helpful for me to see and decide... +0ZDDHWma30I-00483-00182896-00183477 I went to workshops on how to read more quickly, how to fill out my FAFSA. +0ZDDHWma30I-00484-00183477-00183809 They have really practical things as well as academic stuff. +0ZDDHWma30I-00485-00183809-00184323 Knowing that there was that one email that would have most of the important life skills +0ZDDHWma30I-00486-00184323-00185089 or academic core skills was really helpful to me to feel like I wasn't as prodigious +0ZDDHWma30I-00487-00185089-00185342 and overwhelming. +0ZDDHWma30I-00488-00185342-00185858 If you can find ways to be systematic about looking for those things, it really helps +0ZDDHWma30I-00489-00185858-00186319 cut down on the anxiety of, am I missing this, or is this big important thing happening and +0ZDDHWma30I-00490-00186319-00186419 I don't know about it? +0ZDDHWma30I-00491-00186419-00186649 Paula: Just before you jump in real quick. +0ZDDHWma30I-00492-00186649-00186942 Could you talk a little bit about what Rackham is? +0ZDDHWma30I-00493-00186942-00187110 I'll put you on the spot. +0ZDDHWma30I-00494-00187110-00187373 You gave a good definition of it. +0ZDDHWma30I-00495-00187373-00187987 Katy: The way I think about it is that Rackham is the bigger college office. +0ZDDHWma30I-00496-00187987-00188495 When I was an undergrad here there was Undergraduate Office of Admissions, there was the Undergraduate +0ZDDHWma30I-00497-00188495-00188595 Career Center. +0ZDDHWma30I-00498-00188595-00189058 Now that I'm a graduate student, Rackham is the umbrella organization that covers many +0ZDDHWma30I-00499-00189058-00189602 of those really important academic skills that aren't necessarily departmental specific. +0ZDDHWma30I-00500-00189602-00190101 My departmental administrator is really great for things like what format should my prospectus +0ZDDHWma30I-00501-00190101-00190253 be, or when do I file. +0ZDDHWma30I-00502-00190253-00191050 But Rackham has really important information about funding deadlines, and taxes and writing. +0ZDDHWma30I-00503-00191050-00191501 They're also a great hub, that even if they don't...I find that the various offices are +0ZDDHWma30I-00504-00191501-00191908 all really friendly, so even if they don't know the answer, they know where to point +0ZDDHWma30I-00505-00191908-00192123 you next. +0ZDDHWma30I-00506-00192123-00192609 In a system that's as large and complicated as Michigan is administratively...Like every +0ZDDHWma30I-00507-00192609-00193118 department has its own administrator, every school has its own organizational system. +0ZDDHWma30I-00508-00193118-00193702 Rackham is a way to have one place that you start and then branch out. +0ZDDHWma30I-00509-00193702-00194405 Paula: People view Rackham in any other way that they could... +0ZDDHWma30I-00510-00194405-00194746 Supraja: She mentioned the Rackham emails. +0ZDDHWma30I-00511-00194746-00195315 Rackham organizes a lot of social events for the graduate students as well, like for them +0ZDDHWma30I-00512-00195315-00195850 to get together and find new people to become friends with. +0ZDDHWma30I-00513-00195850-00196963 That email contains not only grant deadlines and professional workshops and such, but also +0ZDDHWma30I-00514-00196963-00197636 social events like a movie screening or an ice cream social or something like that, which +0ZDDHWma30I-00515-00197636-00198261 I think you should always make a point of going to at least one because you meet so +0ZDDHWma30I-00516-00198261-00198453 many different people. +0ZDDHWma30I-00517-00198453-00198755 It's always fun, in my experience. +0ZDDHWma30I-00518-00198755-00199391 Never unsubscribe from Rackham emails. +0ZDDHWma30I-00519-00199391-00199720 You get a lot of emails from your different schools as well. +0ZDDHWma30I-00520-00199720-00200689 I'm from the College of Engineering, and they send me emails about career fairs and some +0ZDDHWma30I-00521-00200689-00201005 company events. +0ZDDHWma30I-00522-00201005-00201325 If you unsubscribe, you're going to miss out on a lot of stuff. +0ZDDHWma30I-00523-00201325-00201559 Never unsubscribe is my... +0ZDDHWma30I-00524-00201559-00201991 Kyle: Rackham is also blessed with really generous endowment. +0ZDDHWma30I-00525-00201991-00202704 I would really encourage students who are coming in to visit the Rackham fellowships +0ZDDHWma30I-00526-00202704-00203273 web page and see the number of different opportunities there are for funding from this school. +0ZDDHWma30I-00527-00203273-00203923 I had a travel grant to go to a conference in my field this fall that comes from Rackham. +0ZDDHWma30I-00528-00203923-00204084 I've accepted to do a presentation. +0ZDDHWma30I-00529-00204084-00204675 This summer, I had a spring-summer research grant that's funding me for these four months, +0ZDDHWma30I-00530-00204675-00204798 which is great to have. +0ZDDHWma30I-00531-00204798-00205010 I can work on my independent research. +0ZDDHWma30I-00532-00205010-00205509 There are pre-doctoral dissertation fellowships. +0ZDDHWma30I-00533-00205509-00205976 There's a lot of resources that you can get money to help pay off student loan interest. +0ZDDHWma30I-00534-00205976-00206233 There's all kinds of little pots of money sitting around Rackham. +0ZDDHWma30I-00535-00206233-00206657 If you're intentional about looking up what those are, and just a little bit of legwork +0ZDDHWma30I-00536-00206657-00207071 to fill out the applications, chances are you're going to be able to benefit from one +0ZDDHWma30I-00537-00207071-00207298 of those pools of resources. +0ZDDHWma30I-00538-00207298-00207510 Paula: We also are building. +0ZDDHWma30I-00539-00207510-00207792 I'm just going to mention that because we're sitting in the Rackham building right now. +0ZDDHWma30I-00540-00207792-00208004 It's a beautiful, beautiful building. +0ZDDHWma30I-00541-00208004-00208160 You can study in it. +0ZDDHWma30I-00542-00208160-00208512 We hold workshops, professional development workshops as well as social workshops. +0ZDDHWma30I-00543-00208512-00208641 Kyle: Major speaking events. +0ZDDHWma30I-00544-00208641-00208801 Paula: Major speaking events, yes. +0ZDDHWma30I-00545-00208801-00209436 Katy: I know that for me it was a big concern about so many of the spaces on campus are +0ZDDHWma30I-00546-00209436-00209821 filled with undergraduate students, which is great, because a lot of them are very bound +0ZDDHWma30I-00547-00209821-00210028 to the campus and you can see them everywhere. +0ZDDHWma30I-00548-00210028-00210198 But sometimes it's a little bit... +0ZDDHWma30I-00549-00210198-00210367 Kyle: You were one not so long ago. +0ZDDHWma30I-00550-00210367-00211048 Katy: I was, and I still very often am mistaken for one, but I found it really helpful to +0ZDDHWma30I-00551-00211048-00211481 come to Rackham to study because there's something freeing about knowing that undergrads won't +0ZDDHWma30I-00552-00211481-00212077 come into this building really, and knowing that if I'm really frustrated with something +0ZDDHWma30I-00553-00212077-00212471 or grading, it was a little bit of privacy that I didn't get in my department, which +0ZDDHWma30I-00554-00212471-00212688 also has an undergraduate program. +0ZDDHWma30I-00555-00212688-00213198 If you're feeling claustrophobic in your department, which sometimes can happen, especially my +0ZDDHWma30I-00556-00213198-00213635 department's very small, so I find Rackham to be a welcome oasis. +0ZDDHWma30I-00557-00213635-00213796 The reading rooms are beautiful. +0ZDDHWma30I-00558-00213796-00214057 They're very quiet. +0ZDDHWma30I-00559-00214057-00214569 Miguel: I will say that one really important thing in the University of Michigan is to +0ZDDHWma30I-00560-00214569-00215103 know really different people. +0ZDDHWma30I-00561-00215103-00215619 Most of us come from other schools together, to get specific skills and to learn the specific +0ZDDHWma30I-00562-00215619-00215719 things. +0ZDDHWma30I-00563-00215719-00216096 Rackham is a thing where you can forget about it and you can just remember that there are +0ZDDHWma30I-00564-00216096-00216196 some people... +0ZDDHWma30I-00565-00216196-00216388 In my case, I study public policy. +0ZDDHWma30I-00566-00216388-00216780 It's nice to remember that there are people studying biology or other kinds of fields +0ZDDHWma30I-00567-00216780-00217160 that maybe you are not necessarily concerned about it, but it's always refreshing to listen +0ZDDHWma30I-00568-00217160-00217635 to them, and seeing that there are many other things outside of you. +0ZDDHWma30I-00569-00217635-00218273 Kristye: I definitely used Rackham to meet other people because my program isn't under +0ZDDHWma30I-00570-00218273-00218677 Rackham, but Rackham still can serve me. +0ZDDHWma30I-00571-00218677-00219196 One of the way that it has is that it has allowed me to meet different people and people +0ZDDHWma30I-00572-00219196-00219396 from different disciplines and different departments. +0ZDDHWma30I-00573-00219396-00219871 Natalie: Would you mind mentioning your involvement with an organization? +0ZDDHWma30I-00574-00219871-00219980 Kristye: Sure. +0ZDDHWma30I-00575-00219980-00220576 I'm the Vice President of Students of Color Rackham, which is a graduate student organization, +0ZDDHWma30I-00576-00220576-00220676 of course. +0ZDDHWma30I-00577-00220676-00221408 It's meant to bring students from all disciplines together for social and professional academic +0ZDDHWma30I-00578-00221408-00222194 wellbeing, and to provide a site space where we can all come together, meet, and get whatever +0ZDDHWma30I-00579-00222194-00222498 things that we need from each other. +0ZDDHWma30I-00580-00222498-00222598 [crosstalk] +0ZDDHWma30I-00581-00222598-00223430 Chukwuka: I'm the Vice President of Rackham Student Government, which is the student faction +0ZDDHWma30I-00582-00223430-00224062 representing all the schools in Rackham from the four different divisions -- humanities, +0ZDDHWma30I-00583-00224062-00224346 engineering, social sciences, and... +0ZDDHWma30I-00584-00224346-00224467 Kyle: The other one. +0ZDDHWma30I-00585-00224467-00224571 Chukwuka: The other one. +0ZDDHWma30I-00586-00224571-00224773 [laughs] I didn't say that, though. +0ZDDHWma30I-00587-00224773-00225592 We really liaise a lot with the Rackham administrators here to provide social events for the students, +0ZDDHWma30I-00588-00225592-00226283 collaborate financially also, putting together the professional activities and things like +0ZDDHWma30I-00589-00226283-00226383 that. +0ZDDHWma30I-00590-00226383-00226648 We really just try to work hand-in-hand to represent graduate students' voices and bring +0ZDDHWma30I-00591-00226648-00227186 to them events that could be helpful and beneficial to them. +0ZDDHWma30I-00592-00227186-00227446 Natalie: This is great timing, actually. +0ZDDHWma30I-00593-00227446-00227546 We did receive a question. +0ZDDHWma30I-00594-00227546-00227706 Does Rackham host social events? +0ZDDHWma30I-00595-00227706-00228042 Since some of you were mentioning that. +0ZDDHWma30I-00596-00228042-00228466 Go to football games together, et cetera, was the question. +0ZDDHWma30I-00597-00228466-00228671 Yes. +0ZDDHWma30I-00598-00228671-00229076 Your particular organizations that you mentioned. +0ZDDHWma30I-00599-00229076-00229535 Can some of you talk about social outlets that you've plugged into maybe your school +0ZDDHWma30I-00600-00229535-00230076 or college or your department program, if your department or program has a student organization +0ZDDHWma30I-00601-00230076-00230446 within that that is active and getting students together. +0ZDDHWma30I-00602-00230446-00230663 Supraja: I'm part of GradSWE. +0ZDDHWma30I-00603-00230663-00230909 That's the Graduate Society of Women Engineers. +0ZDDHWma30I-00604-00230909-00231516 It's pretty popular on north campus because that's where the College of Engineering is +0ZDDHWma30I-00605-00231516-00231616 placed. +0ZDDHWma30I-00606-00231616-00232121 You can be a part of GradSWE on a country level but you need to pay for membership. +0ZDDHWma30I-00607-00232121-00232519 If you want to be a part of University of Michigan's chapter you don't need to pay anything. +0ZDDHWma30I-00608-00232519-00233363 The good part is that...I call myself a fake engineer because I'm actually doing financial +0ZDDHWma30I-00609-00233363-00233627 mathematics, it's just called financial engineering. +0ZDDHWma30I-00610-00233627-00234280 I get to meet all these women and men -- there are men in GradSWE as well -- and they are +0ZDDHWma30I-00611-00234280-00234633 from nuclear engineering and biomedical engineering. +0ZDDHWma30I-00612-00234633-00235011 When they talk about different things, it's so interesting. +0ZDDHWma30I-00613-00235011-00235708 One girl, she was talking about nuclear reactors and how Michigan has one of the biggest...I +0ZDDHWma30I-00614-00235708-00236019 don't remember the name. +0ZDDHWma30I-00615-00236019-00236567 It's supposed to be one of the best reactors of something. +0ZDDHWma30I-00616-00236567-00237108 It's very interesting to know that Michigan has all this... +0ZDDHWma30I-00617-00237108-00237285 [audio break] +0ZDDHWma30I-00618-00237285-00237865 Supraja: ...one space where it's all about your cause. +0ZDDHWma30I-00619-00237865-00238662 They also host fun stuff like pumpkin carving and apple picking, movie screening, and bar +0ZDDHWma30I-00620-00238662-00238764 hopping. +0ZDDHWma30I-00621-00238764-00239184 I don't know what you call that. +0ZDDHWma30I-00622-00239184-00239284 [laughter] +0ZDDHWma30I-00623-00239284-00239464 Katy: Bar crawl. +0ZDDHWma30I-00624-00239464-00239564 Supraja: It's fun. +0ZDDHWma30I-00625-00239564-00239905 It's not specific to engineers. +0ZDDHWma30I-00626-00239905-00240523 Since it's called Women's Society of Engineers, I know men who are part of the society as +0ZDDHWma30I-00627-00240523-00240623 well. +0ZDDHWma30I-00628-00240623-00240723 It's a very interesting thing. +0ZDDHWma30I-00629-00240723-00241454 Paula: We sponsor things with SWE too, so Rackham does do a lot of co-sponsorship with +0ZDDHWma30I-00630-00241454-00241554 groups like that. +0ZDDHWma30I-00631-00241554-00241998 Kyle: Both my program in higher education and the School of Education have social groups +0ZDDHWma30I-00632-00241998-00242730 that will organize very similar events or football game tailgates in the fall, but also +0ZDDHWma30I-00633-00242730-00243046 professional development opportunities. +0ZDDHWma30I-00634-00243046-00243392 Speakers will come in that they'll host. +0ZDDHWma30I-00635-00243392-00243654 We can also have a chili cook-off. +0ZDDHWma30I-00636-00243654-00244175 It's a variety of programming that those two organizations will put together. +0ZDDHWma30I-00637-00244175-00244405 Miguel: It's the same in public policy. +0ZDDHWma30I-00638-00244405-00245090 I could not name how many organizations are there organizing things, because you can find +0ZDDHWma30I-00639-00245090-00245869 an event, even twice per week, or something like that, when you can do...As you said, +0ZDDHWma30I-00640-00245869-00246496 there are tailgates or a conference or a lunch with a speaker, or an afternoon meeting with +0ZDDHWma30I-00641-00246496-00246927 a professor of faculty. +0ZDDHWma30I-00642-00246927-00247057 It's amazing. +0ZDDHWma30I-00643-00247057-00247309 You can really find a lot of things to do. +0ZDDHWma30I-00644-00247309-00247489 Supraja: You have cultural nights as well. +0ZDDHWma30I-00645-00247489-00248114 If you want to experience different cultures, like you have the Malaysian night, and then +0ZDDHWma30I-00646-00248114-00248602 you have Indian festivals that are being organized. +0ZDDHWma30I-00647-00248602-00249265 Like I said, those emails mention them in their weekly updates. +0ZDDHWma30I-00648-00249265-00249705 I learned a lot of stuff going to these cultural nights. +0ZDDHWma30I-00649-00249705-00250467 You have these assumptions about certain people, and it really does break...These events help +0ZDDHWma30I-00650-00250467-00250850 you forget about those clichés. +0ZDDHWma30I-00651-00250850-00251348 Katy: I just want to plug the University Musical Society. +0ZDDHWma30I-00652-00251348-00251660 UMS is a huge organization on campus. +0ZDDHWma30I-00653-00251660-00252288 They bring in truly an astounding caliber of musicians. +0ZDDHWma30I-00654-00252288-00252673 Students have access twice a year -- once in September and once in December -- to the +0ZDDHWma30I-00655-00252673-00252816 half-price ticket sales. +0ZDDHWma30I-00656-00252816-00253223 You can get tickets to literally anything they put on for half price. +0ZDDHWma30I-00657-00253223-00253582 That could be balcony seats where you can pay...I have seen world class musicians. +0ZDDHWma30I-00658-00253582-00254479 The prices are cheap enough that you can say, "Sure, I will go see an ancient Chinese violin +0ZDDHWma30I-00659-00254479-00254579 symphony." +0ZDDHWma30I-00660-00254579-00254760 Kyle: Or the San Francisco orchestra. +0ZDDHWma30I-00661-00254760-00255442 Katy: Philip Glass premiered the working rehearsal of "Einstein on the Beach." +0ZDDHWma30I-00662-00255442-00255581 I've seen Yo-Yo Ma. +0ZDDHWma30I-00663-00255581-00255702 I've seen bluegrass. +0ZDDHWma30I-00664-00255702-00255890 I've seen amazing things. +0ZDDHWma30I-00665-00255890-00256338 It's so accessible, and they're always walkable to campus, which is really nice. +0ZDDHWma30I-00666-00256338-00256667 You don't have to go into a city to see them. +0ZDDHWma30I-00667-00256667-00257059 Paula: Kyle, you did a riff on what Ann Arbor's like. +0ZDDHWma30I-00668-00257059-00257384 Do you care to do that again? +0ZDDHWma30I-00669-00257384-00257769 Kyle: I just said that for the size Ann Arbor tends to punch above its weight. +0ZDDHWma30I-00670-00257769-00258568 We have those great cultural aspects here that are a great benefit of being a part of +0ZDDHWma30I-00671-00258568-00259126 the place like the University of Michigan, which attracts that kind of talent on a regular +0ZDDHWma30I-00672-00259126-00259226 basis. +0ZDDHWma30I-00673-00259226-00259630 We also have the longest running independent film series in the United States. +0ZDDHWma30I-00674-00259630-00259787 That happens in March. +0ZDDHWma30I-00675-00259787-00260190 Just next week Ann Arbor Art Fair will bring something like half a million of people through +0ZDDHWma30I-00676-00260190-00260600 town over the course of a four or five day period. +0ZDDHWma30I-00677-00260600-00261217 That brings artists from across the country and around the world to send on our streets. +0ZDDHWma30I-00678-00261217-00261903 You can walk around and see that and appreciate those kind of expressions. +0ZDDHWma30I-00679-00261903-00262625 In a few weeks I'll be at the Michigan Stadium for the Real Madrid/Manchester United soccer +0ZDDHWma30I-00680-00262625-00262824 game. +0ZDDHWma30I-00681-00262824-00263399 They're playing games in places like New York, Chicago, Dallas, San Francisco, and Ann Arbor. +0ZDDHWma30I-00682-00263399-00263836 It's like, which one of these is not like the others? +0ZDDHWma30I-00683-00263836-00264418 It's a really interesting part about being here in that you have access to these world-class +0ZDDHWma30I-00684-00264418-00264917 events in what is a relatively small but really vibrant college community. +0ZDDHWma30I-00685-00264917-00265330 Paula: You guys actually had a couple of things that I want to talk about a little more, or +0ZDDHWma30I-00686-00265330-00265480 have you talk about. +0ZDDHWma30I-00687-00265480-00265810 UMS Art Fair, those are unique Ann Arbor things. +0ZDDHWma30I-00688-00265810-00266308 Let's think about it, some of the things that we think about as common language here but +0ZDDHWma30I-00689-00266308-00266759 people may need to know ahead of time, or even come in habits. +0ZDDHWma30I-00690-00266759-00267032 One is 10 after the hour. +0ZDDHWma30I-00691-00267032-00267522 Classes always start at 10 after the hour. +0ZDDHWma30I-00692-00267522-00267818 If it's 2:00, it starts at 2:10. +0ZDDHWma30I-00693-00267818-00267918 Katy: That is called... +0ZDDHWma30I-00694-00267918-00268018 Group: Michigan Time. +0ZDDHWma30I-00695-00268018-00268118 Paula: But don't be late for a faculty meeting. +0ZDDHWma30I-00696-00268118-00268305 If they say 2:00, then it's 2:00. +0ZDDHWma30I-00697-00268305-00268749 Supraja: Only classes start at Michigan time. +0ZDDHWma30I-00698-00268749-00268928 The rest are one time. +0ZDDHWma30I-00699-00268928-00269595 Paula: What other things, if you can think about, were surprising to you or new? +0ZDDHWma30I-00700-00269595-00270228 Katy: As not a football or sports person, I'm always amazed at the degree to which the +0ZDDHWma30I-00701-00270228-00270528 city shuts down on Saturdays during the fall. +0ZDDHWma30I-00702-00270528-00271071 It's almost impossible to drive anywhere near that area, which is a problem because there's +0ZDDHWma30I-00703-00271071-00271457 a really good Meijer, which is a cheaper grocery store. +0ZDDHWma30I-00704-00271457-00271672 There's major highway access that way. +0ZDDHWma30I-00705-00271672-00271772 It's almost un-walkable. +0ZDDHWma30I-00706-00271772-00271951 Paula: Yeah, they literally shut down. +0ZDDHWma30I-00707-00271951-00272247 Katy: They literally will shut down streets. +0ZDDHWma30I-00708-00272247-00272715 It's something to be aware of, especially if you live near the stadium, that Saturdays +0ZDDHWma30I-00709-00272715-00272968 there will be people all over your lawn. +0ZDDHWma30I-00710-00272968-00273457 They will be... +0ZDDHWma30I-00711-00273457-00274064 The population of the city doubles on football Saturdays, and it's concentrated in a very +0ZDDHWma30I-00712-00274064-00274164 small part of campus. +0ZDDHWma30I-00713-00274164-00274818 Kyle: You can also see businesses around town, their operating hours will say, "Except Saturday +0ZDDHWma30I-00714-00274818-00274958 December 6th." +0ZDDHWma30I-00715-00274958-00275419 It goes through the home game schedule. +0ZDDHWma30I-00716-00275419-00275589 It really does overwhelm the place. +0ZDDHWma30I-00717-00275589-00275752 Natalie: I'm sorry to interrupt you. +0ZDDHWma30I-00718-00275752-00276101 Have you any of you seen a Michigan football game? +0ZDDHWma30I-00719-00276101-00276379 Kyle: Yeah, I've been to all of them. +0ZDDHWma30I-00720-00276379-00276854 Natalie: Anything you'd like to say to students who haven't experienced that? +0ZDDHWma30I-00721-00276854-00277364 Miguel: In my experience, I was amazed by the size of the stadium. +0ZDDHWma30I-00722-00277364-00277701 In Mexico there's a stadium where it's very famous all over the world because it's very +0ZDDHWma30I-00723-00277701-00277801 big. +0ZDDHWma30I-00724-00277801-00278019 When I arrived someone said, "Oh, yeah, the stadium is very big." +0ZDDHWma30I-00725-00278019-00278202 I said, "Oh, yeah, of course." +0ZDDHWma30I-00726-00278202-00278469 Then I search on Wikipedia, and it's bigger. +0ZDDHWma30I-00727-00278469-00279234 It was awesome, and it was most incredible to see how the town changes in one day. +0ZDDHWma30I-00728-00279234-00279596 There are many people in the streets, and it's not only drunk guys. +0ZDDHWma30I-00729-00279596-00279942 There are many kinds of people. +0ZDDHWma30I-00730-00279942-00280278 They are all enjoying the game. +0ZDDHWma30I-00731-00280278-00280717 Even many people in the stadium seem that they not are understanding very well, but +0ZDDHWma30I-00732-00280717-00281387 they are having fun, and they are having a great time just sharing the time with the +0ZDDHWma30I-00733-00281387-00281487 community. +0ZDDHWma30I-00734-00281487-00281587 It's an amazing experience. +0ZDDHWma30I-00735-00281587-00282097 Kyle: Yeah, I would say even if you don't have any interest in football, just as a sociological +0ZDDHWma30I-00736-00282097-00282258 experience. +0ZDDHWma30I-00737-00282258-00283105 Going to a cultural athletic event with 112,000 other people, and knowing that you are part +0ZDDHWma30I-00738-00283105-00283604 of the largest group of people doing that one particular thing on a given day in the +0ZDDHWma30I-00739-00283604-00283936 world, it's a special thing here. +0ZDDHWma30I-00740-00283936-00284337 I would say to give it a try at least, one time, at least for nothing else just for the +0ZDDHWma30I-00741-00284337-00284491 spectacle of all of it. +0ZDDHWma30I-00742-00284491-00284844 Supraja: You see a lot of interesting things happening on football nights. +0ZDDHWma30I-00743-00284844-00284980 I once saw this... +0ZDDHWma30I-00744-00284980-00285080 Kyle: Careful. +0ZDDHWma30I-00745-00285080-00285180 [laughter] +0ZDDHWma30I-00746-00285180-00285710 Supraja: Undergrad kids wearing just shorts, late, fall, super cold night, running around +0ZDDHWma30I-00747-00285710-00285892 shouting slogans like...It's fun. +0ZDDHWma30I-00748-00285892-00286029 It's very interesting. +0ZDDHWma30I-00749-00286029-00286704 Chukwuka: I would absolutely piggyback off that and just say if you are remotely interested +0ZDDHWma30I-00750-00286704-00286853 in football, definitely get season tickets. +0ZDDHWma30I-00751-00286853-00287025 You've gotten the email by now I'm sure. +0ZDDHWma30I-00752-00287025-00287221 Make sure you get that. +0ZDDHWma30I-00753-00287221-00287470 It will save you money in the end. +0ZDDHWma30I-00754-00287470-00288024 Even if not, not a huge football fan just like Kyle said, make sure you got to at least +0ZDDHWma30I-00755-00288024-00288124 one. +0ZDDHWma30I-00756-00288124-00288243 People will let you know what are the biggest games of the season. +0ZDDHWma30I-00757-00288243-00288407 Try and get tickets to those. +0ZDDHWma30I-00758-00288407-00288958 To piggyback off of what you said as well, it's the largest stadium in all of the US +0ZDDHWma30I-00759-00288958-00289073 for football. +0ZDDHWma30I-00760-00289073-00289807 I would say for the homecoming game that was my biggest experience when I came to Ann Arbor, +0ZDDHWma30I-00761-00289807-00290286 coming from a school that didn't have as large of a sports culture. +0ZDDHWma30I-00762-00290286-00290725 It's definitely something to check out, if once. +0ZDDHWma30I-00763-00290725-00291282 Miguel: When I finish the game, people told me in 20 years you won't remember a single +0ZDDHWma30I-00764-00291282-00291621 lecture of all the program, but you will remember this game. +0ZDDHWma30I-00765-00291621-00291817 I think he was right. +0ZDDHWma30I-00766-00291817-00291917 [laughter] +0ZDDHWma30I-00767-00291917-00292163 Miguel: It's an amazing experience. +0ZDDHWma30I-00768-00292163-00292336 Paula: That's interesting. +0ZDDHWma30I-00769-00292336-00292436 Things are defining. +0ZDDHWma30I-00770-00292436-00292729 It sounds like Musical Society is certainly defining, the sports program, the football +0ZDDHWma30I-00771-00292729-00292885 program, it sounds like. +0ZDDHWma30I-00772-00292885-00293682 What other things do you think of as defining when you think about Ann Arbor or the University +0ZDDHWma30I-00773-00293682-00293782 of Michigan? +0ZDDHWma30I-00774-00293782-00294189 Things that you think, well this makes us a really cool place. +0ZDDHWma30I-00775-00294189-00294464 Supraja: The restaurants out here are so diverse. +0ZDDHWma30I-00776-00294464-00294778 A lot of choices. +0ZDDHWma30I-00777-00294778-00295192 I think that would be a big part of Ann Arbor. +0ZDDHWma30I-00778-00295192-00296125 Kyle: In case folks who are coming here have not heard, winter here can be a bit challenging. +0ZDDHWma30I-00779-00296125-00296360 Literally defining elements. +0ZDDHWma30I-00780-00296360-00297118 But for the struggles of winter, through a good deal of snow and a good deal of cold +0ZDDHWma30I-00781-00297118-00298187 wind that you need to buy a big jacket for, this time of year, in the fall, really define +0ZDDHWma30I-00782-00298187-00298896 Ann Arbor for me because it is an impossibly beautiful place to spend these months. +0ZDDHWma30I-00783-00298896-00299697 To run around time or to go to the arboretum or to just be on the center of campus, which +0ZDDHWma30I-00784-00299697-00300374 you should know is called the Diag, and see the changing colors of fall. +0ZDDHWma30I-00785-00300374-00300545 That's a really special time. +0ZDDHWma30I-00786-00300545-00301174 That also adds to, I think, the culture around football, is that it happens at this time +0ZDDHWma30I-00787-00301174-00301613 of the year where you just feel a special energy about the place, where people have +0ZDDHWma30I-00788-00301613-00301894 come back from the summer and everyone's excited to be here. +0ZDDHWma30I-00789-00301894-00302401 In the wintertime we hibernate a little bit, but once the spring starts and through the +0ZDDHWma30I-00790-00302401-00302618 fall, it's really a great place to be. +0ZDDHWma30I-00791-00302618-00303123 Kristye: I want to say that winter gets a bad rep, and I'm from the South, so I don't +0ZDDHWma30I-00792-00303123-00303273 like the cold. +0ZDDHWma30I-00793-00303273-00303952 But I can appreciate the winter here because just as much as the spring and summer is beautiful, +0ZDDHWma30I-00794-00303952-00304483 the winter, although at the end you might not feel this way, is beautiful as well. +0ZDDHWma30I-00795-00304483-00304850 There's still a lot of things going on at that time. +0ZDDHWma30I-00796-00304850-00305263 People like to ski. +0ZDDHWma30I-00797-00305263-00305831 I've been to outdoor festivals, like in Frankenmuth, where they have this ice thing going on. +0ZDDHWma30I-00798-00305831-00306098 There are things that are still going on. +0ZDDHWma30I-00799-00306098-00306198 It doesn't just stop. +0ZDDHWma30I-00800-00306198-00306600 There's still lots of things, and you can appreciate the beauty of the wintertime as +0ZDDHWma30I-00801-00306600-00306700 well. +0ZDDHWma30I-00802-00306700-00307243 Kyle: It's also important to note that I, also as a Southerner, if we get two inches +0ZDDHWma30I-00803-00307243-00307473 of snow, everything is closed. +0ZDDHWma30I-00804-00307473-00307677 But everything goes on here. +0ZDDHWma30I-00805-00307677-00308091 I promise you the bus will be on time and school will be open and life goes on. +0ZDDHWma30I-00806-00308091-00308257 Katy: People just dress for it. +0ZDDHWma30I-00807-00308257-00308669 Kyle: Get some big boots, get a good jacket, get a scarf, get a hat, you'll be fine. +0ZDDHWma30I-00808-00308669-00309181 Kristye: We had a snow day this year, but it wasn't a snow day. +0ZDDHWma30I-00809-00309181-00309840 It was a cold day, because it was severely cold, too cold to have students on campus. +0ZDDHWma30I-00810-00309840-00309969 I think that was the first... +0ZDDHWma30I-00811-00309969-00310177 Katy: In like 50 years or something. +0ZDDHWma30I-00812-00310177-00310277 Kristye: Yeah. +0ZDDHWma30I-00813-00310277-00310513 Kyle: 1978 was the last time. +0ZDDHWma30I-00814-00310513-00310638 Supraja: It was really cold. +0ZDDHWma30I-00815-00310638-00310738 Kyle: It was. +0ZDDHWma30I-00816-00310738-00311153 Katy: I will say that one of the things that always surprised me after I had been to other +0ZDDHWma30I-00817-00311153-00311572 universities is how short the break is between fall and winter semesters. +0ZDDHWma30I-00818-00311572-00312245 The fall semester will run until...sometimes I've had exams on like December 23rd. +0ZDDHWma30I-00819-00312245-00312617 Often times, there's work over the break, and it starts right back up again on January +0ZDDHWma30I-00820-00312617-00312768 3rd sometimes. +0ZDDHWma30I-00821-00312768-00313132 But there's four months of summer. +0ZDDHWma30I-00822-00313132-00313492 There's a full four months, which is different, if you're used to the quarter system or even +0ZDDHWma30I-00823-00313492-00313715 a sort of delayed semester. +0ZDDHWma30I-00824-00313715-00314305 I find that the beginning of the winter term, it's cold, it's dark, you haven't had much +0ZDDHWma30I-00825-00314305-00314683 of a rest, so it's more important than it could be at other places where you might get +0ZDDHWma30I-00826-00314683-00314801 the chance to go home. +0ZDDHWma30I-00827-00314801-00315201 I know a lot of, I have friends that are international students that just don't go home over the +0ZDDHWma30I-00828-00315201-00315484 break, because it is so short. +0ZDDHWma30I-00829-00315484-00316018 It's an important thing to check when you get here, to sort of plan, because I know, +0ZDDHWma30I-00830-00316018-00316448 I've had friends that have booked flight tickets home, and then had an exam four days later +0ZDDHWma30I-00831-00316448-00316764 and couldn't make it. +0ZDDHWma30I-00832-00316764-00317020 It's an uncommonly short break in between. +0ZDDHWma30I-00833-00317020-00317463 Kyle: Yeah, truth in advertising, we have fall semester and winter semester. +0ZDDHWma30I-00834-00317463-00317697 Which some people might know as spring semester, but. +0ZDDHWma30I-00835-00317697-00318234 We have winter term and we push spring-summer together in that moment. +0ZDDHWma30I-00836-00318234-00318767 Supraja: She mentioned about, booking flights in advance. +0ZDDHWma30I-00837-00318767-00319388 A lot of professors are ready to change their schedules to suit you. +0ZDDHWma30I-00838-00319388-00319621 They're not going to do it all the time. +0ZDDHWma30I-00839-00319621-00319795 But they are willing to accommodate. +0ZDDHWma30I-00840-00319795-00320464 A lot of professors, like, my class is 90 percent international students. +0ZDDHWma30I-00841-00320464-00320684 A lot of them wanted to go home. +0ZDDHWma30I-00842-00320684-00321128 When the professors give the exams daily, it's in the month of December. +0ZDDHWma30I-00843-00321128-00321489 When, like a bunch of people went in to talk to them. +0ZDDHWma30I-00844-00321489-00321786 They were willing to reschedule the exams, so that happens. +0ZDDHWma30I-00845-00321786-00321886 It's something. +0ZDDHWma30I-00846-00321886-00322014 Katy: It's worth an ask. +0ZDDHWma30I-00847-00322014-00322437 Paula: It's worth it asking, [inaudible 53:50] your faculty. +0ZDDHWma30I-00848-00322437-00322809 Are there other academic norms that you were surprised by that when you got here? +0ZDDHWma30I-00849-00322809-00322998 Again, it's hard to think back sometimes. +0ZDDHWma30I-00850-00322998-00323203 Supraja: You have to register for classes. +0ZDDHWma30I-00851-00323203-00323738 That kind of can be a bit challenging, when you don't understand in the beginning, but +0ZDDHWma30I-00852-00323738-00324058 then you get the hang of it. +0ZDDHWma30I-00853-00324058-00324499 Like Chukwuka said, you always have to be in touch with your coordinators, because they +0ZDDHWma30I-00854-00324499-00325252 know the best and they know which class...like the same class will be offered three times +0ZDDHWma30I-00855-00325252-00325578 a week, so which would suit your schedule best? +0ZDDHWma30I-00856-00325578-00326201 There's no time between the rest of your courses. +0ZDDHWma30I-00857-00326201-00326759 If you have any doubts, if you have an established relationship with your coordinator, all this +0ZDDHWma30I-00858-00326759-00326894 becomes nothing. +0ZDDHWma30I-00859-00326894-00327097 It's super easy. +0ZDDHWma30I-00860-00327097-00328015 Kyle: I was very confused and remain confused by the online platform that one uses to register +0ZDDHWma30I-00861-00328015-00328815 for classes, Wolverine Access, which, frankly, I find to be rather outdated and rather unintuitive, +0ZDDHWma30I-00862-00328815-00328991 difficult to navigate. +0ZDDHWma30I-00863-00328991-00329323 I would say to a new student, if you feel that way when you come in to register for +0ZDDHWma30I-00864-00329323-00329573 classes, you are not alone. +0ZDDHWma30I-00865-00329573-00330057 That graduate coordinator in your department could be a good resource. +0ZDDHWma30I-00866-00330057-00330419 I know trying to navigate and figure out, "Have I actually registered?" +0ZDDHWma30I-00867-00330419-00330519 [crosstalk] +0ZDDHWma30I-00868-00330519-00331065 Kyle: It's an outdated system that I think we should improve. +0ZDDHWma30I-00869-00331065-00331761 But in the meantime, there are plenty of people who have found a way to actually go to class +0ZDDHWma30I-00870-00331761-00331864 and sign up for them. +0ZDDHWma30I-00871-00331864-00332008 Don't be afraid to ask people. +0ZDDHWma30I-00872-00332008-00332492 Or don't feel like you are really missing something just because the system seems odd. +0ZDDHWma30I-00873-00332492-00333031 Supraja: You have the course drop deadline thing. +0ZDDHWma30I-00874-00333031-00333296 I don't know the exact timeline... +0ZDDHWma30I-00875-00333296-00333484 Kyle: Three weeks. +0ZDDHWma30I-00876-00333484-00333797 Supraja: Yeah, after classes start. +0ZDDHWma30I-00877-00333797-00334367 Even if you haven't registered for a really important course, personally go talk to the +0ZDDHWma30I-00878-00334367-00334851 professor and he will try his best to accommodate you in his class, unless his class is filled +0ZDDHWma30I-00879-00334851-00335118 the capacity and there are no seats. +0ZDDHWma30I-00880-00335118-00335709 I know classes, super popular courses, where professors have allowed you to sit in classes, +0ZDDHWma30I-00881-00335709-00336342 and not exactly sit, even stand in classes sometimes so that they can accommodate you. +0ZDDHWma30I-00882-00336342-00336806 Katy: I will say that registration is really important because of a lot of student benefits +0ZDDHWma30I-00883-00336806-00337017 that are tied to your registration. +0ZDDHWma30I-00884-00337017-00337403 It's a really important thing in terms of your health insurance sometimes, the distinction +0ZDDHWma30I-00885-00337403-00337724 between are you a part time student or a fulltime student? +0ZDDHWma30I-00886-00337724-00338208 It's a really good question for your department what constitutes as fulltime in our department, +0ZDDHWma30I-00887-00338208-00338784 because there are differences even between programs or between years in my department's +0ZDDHWma30I-00888-00338784-00338905 case. +0ZDDHWma30I-00889-00338905-00339634 As much as your fellow students can often be a resource, the requirements change. +0ZDDHWma30I-00890-00339634-00339844 The health insurance can change. +0ZDDHWma30I-00891-00339844-00340322 It's always best with something as important as registration to double check it. +0ZDDHWma30I-00892-00340322-00340871 Paula: Talk about the grant coordinators or the [inaudible 56:55] coordinators people +0ZDDHWma30I-00893-00340871-00341074 call them too, important people. +0ZDDHWma30I-00894-00341074-00341398 We haven't talked about faculty mentors and advisors. +0ZDDHWma30I-00895-00341398-00341985 I don't know if anyone wants to talk about advice or suggestions they would give to maximize +0ZDDHWma30I-00896-00341985-00342121 that relationship. +0ZDDHWma30I-00897-00342121-00342663 Chukwuka: To start, I think one of the main mindsets you have to come into graduate school +0ZDDHWma30I-00898-00342663-00343345 kind of being aware of is that not only are you going to be a student of the faculty and +0ZDDHWma30I-00899-00343345-00343760 of the different instructors and professors, but you're also going to be, in many cases, +0ZDDHWma30I-00900-00343760-00344037 during a research component, collaborators and colleagues with them. +0ZDDHWma30I-00901-00344037-00345002 In my opinion that's a huge mental stepping stone to really get that. +0ZDDHWma30I-00902-00345002-00345511 Having that relationship be collaborative and back and forth will really improve the +0ZDDHWma30I-00903-00345511-00346351 dynamic, whereas you don't really want it to be a dominant/subservient kind of relationship. +0ZDDHWma30I-00904-00346351-00346613 You're obviously going to be learning from them, but they can also learn from you. +0ZDDHWma30I-00905-00346613-00347132 You have to be able to understand that you are coming here to make a contribution, and +0ZDDHWma30I-00906-00347132-00347316 they're also working with you to do that. +0ZDDHWma30I-00907-00347316-00347940 I think that's really important, to put yourself into the right state when pursuing your graduate +0ZDDHWma30I-00908-00347940-00348632 degree and also making sure you meet with them weekly, establishing the relationship. +0ZDDHWma30I-00909-00348632-00349290 Have it not only based on academics, but be able to talk to them about social things, +0ZDDHWma30I-00910-00349290-00349734 sports activities, what they're interested in, how their family is doing. +0ZDDHWma30I-00911-00349734-00350103 Really forming a relationship with your advisor or your faculty that you'll be in contact +0ZDDHWma30I-00912-00350103-00350224 with is very important. +0ZDDHWma30I-00913-00350224-00350604 Katy: Actually, to piggyback off of that, I think it's important to realize that not +0ZDDHWma30I-00914-00350604-00351130 everybody's advisor/advisee relationship looks the same. +0ZDDHWma30I-00915-00351130-00351416 I actually don't discuss much of my personal life with my advisor. +0ZDDHWma30I-00916-00351416-00351840 I got married on the fly. +0ZDDHWma30I-00917-00351840-00351963 [laughter] +0ZDDHWma30I-00918-00351963-00352305 Katy: It just wasn't part of our relationship. +0ZDDHWma30I-00919-00352305-00352664 I know sometimes it would feel overwhelming, because you would hear somebody talk about, +0ZDDHWma30I-00920-00352664-00353022 "I went to drinks with my professor, and we were talking about our kids," and how amazing +0ZDDHWma30I-00921-00353022-00353122 that was. +0ZDDHWma30I-00922-00353122-00353468 I'm sitting there thinking, "My advisor doesn't even know where I'm from. +0ZDDHWma30I-00923-00353468-00353704 Am I doing it wrong?" +0ZDDHWma30I-00924-00353704-00354243 To realize that different relationships look different and it's up to you. +0ZDDHWma30I-00925-00354243-00354667 For me it was a really big step to realize that I could have many mentors. +0ZDDHWma30I-00926-00354667-00355342 I have one official advisor in terms of my dissertation, but I have many mentors. +0ZDDHWma30I-00927-00355342-00355824 Some of my mentors are better at other skills, so I do have somebody that I can go to if +0ZDDHWma30I-00928-00355824-00356023 I have a personal problem. +0ZDDHWma30I-00929-00356023-00356359 I have career advisors. +0ZDDHWma30I-00930-00356359-00356787 Having "Team Katy" is more effective for me. +0ZDDHWma30I-00931-00356787-00356896 There's so many... +0ZDDHWma30I-00932-00356896-00357025 Chukwuka: It takes a village. +0ZDDHWma30I-00933-00357025-00357373 Katy: It does take a village. +0ZDDHWma30I-00934-00357373-00357553 There are many ways to get through a PhD. +0ZDDHWma30I-00935-00357553-00358226 I know it was one of the big shifts for me, realizing that, in my department...at times +0ZDDHWma30I-00936-00358226-00358575 I still feel like everybody but me wants to be a professor. +0ZDDHWma30I-00937-00358575-00358996 I'm open to that, but I'm not sure that it's exactly what I want. +0ZDDHWma30I-00938-00358996-00359619 It was important for me to start reaching out for people that could mentor me in a different +0ZDDHWma30I-00939-00359619-00360094 career path if that's what I wanted. +0ZDDHWma30I-00940-00360094-00360514 Kristye: I want to piggyback off of what she... +0ZDDHWma30I-00941-00360514-00360614 [laughter] +0ZDDHWma30I-00942-00360614-00360983 Kristye: I find that it's very easy to established mentorship here. +0ZDDHWma30I-00943-00360983-00361706 I actually am not sure if the actual clinical practice of pharmacy is something that I wanted +0ZDDHWma30I-00944-00361706-00362222 to do, but I knew that I wanted to do research maybe a more public type of area. +0ZDDHWma30I-00945-00362222-00362702 I have been able to go into the School of Public Health and find mentors there. +0ZDDHWma30I-00946-00362702-00362977 One of my greatest mentors is a physician here. +0ZDDHWma30I-00947-00362977-00363478 One of my other mentors is in dietary sciences. +0ZDDHWma30I-00948-00363478-00363920 You are able to get the people that you need. +0ZDDHWma30I-00949-00363920-00364114 You just have to be a go getter. +0ZDDHWma30I-00950-00364114-00364466 You have to be active in trying to establish those relationships with people. +0ZDDHWma30I-00951-00364466-00364644 A lot of people are open to that. +0ZDDHWma30I-00952-00364644-00364964 Natalie: Can I ask you, how does one establish a mentoring relationship? +0ZDDHWma30I-00953-00364964-00365200 How do you find these magical people? +0ZDDHWma30I-00954-00365200-00365300 What do you do? +0ZDDHWma30I-00955-00365300-00365451 Kristye: I use people find other people. +0ZDDHWma30I-00956-00365451-00365903 I might find one person, and I start talking to them about what I'm interested in. +0ZDDHWma30I-00957-00365903-00366322 That person is like, "Oh, I know somebody who may be able to help you." +0ZDDHWma30I-00958-00366322-00366621 Then they introduce me to somebody else. +0ZDDHWma30I-00959-00366621-00366864 That's kind of how I made my way around campus. +0ZDDHWma30I-00960-00366864-00367638 Supraja: I'd like to add a different perspective to this, because it's a lot of research oriented +0ZDDHWma30I-00961-00367638-00367790 stuff, advisors. +0ZDDHWma30I-00962-00367790-00368497 I'm from a professional program, as such, so we don't have advisors assigned to us. +0ZDDHWma30I-00963-00368497-00368984 I'm not even sure if we have like assigned mentors as such. +0ZDDHWma30I-00964-00368984-00369582 But we have the set of professors who take classes regularly for us. +0ZDDHWma30I-00965-00369582-00369929 Each semester, they take at least one course for us. +0ZDDHWma30I-00966-00369929-00370354 It's important to establish relationships with those professors, because they have professional +0ZDDHWma30I-00967-00370354-00370881 friends outside as well who can...They can direct you to them or they can give you profession +0ZDDHWma30I-00968-00370881-00371206 advice as well. +0ZDDHWma30I-00969-00371206-00371684 Because they have experience outside academics. +0ZDDHWma30I-00970-00371684-00372640 Then, another big part of your relationship with faculty is faculty have office hours +0ZDDHWma30I-00971-00372640-00372821 assigned for each course. +0ZDDHWma30I-00972-00372821-00373174 You should make sure you go to those office hours. +0ZDDHWma30I-00973-00373174-00374142 It may not be about the subject, you can ask about the general area that you're interested +0ZDDHWma30I-00974-00374142-00374242 in. +0ZDDHWma30I-00975-00374242-00374676 Or maybe you can approach them about a certain idea you have and you want to research more +0ZDDHWma30I-00976-00374676-00374827 on. +0ZDDHWma30I-00977-00374827-00375206 You can ask if he can help you give more directions to us. +0ZDDHWma30I-00978-00375206-00375306 That's very important. +0ZDDHWma30I-00979-00375306-00375422 Officers are very important. +0ZDDHWma30I-00980-00375422-00375990 A lot of people religiously write down those office hours, but they never go. +0ZDDHWma30I-00981-00375990-00376121 I used to do that as well. +0ZDDHWma30I-00982-00376121-00376460 But then I realized the importance of office hours. +0ZDDHWma30I-00983-00376460-00377103 Paula: Taking action and going to office hours when they're not necessarily a need of a particular +0ZDDHWma30I-00984-00377103-00377245 question, but to establish relationships. +0ZDDHWma30I-00985-00377245-00377682 Other sorts of things that you can think of creating those relationships. +0ZDDHWma30I-00986-00377682-00378359 Katy: I find, in general, that if you go before whenever your concern is a crisis is the best +0ZDDHWma30I-00987-00378359-00378459 way. +0ZDDHWma30I-00988-00378459-00379070 That it's very hard to establish long-term relationships with people if the only time +0ZDDHWma30I-00989-00379070-00379306 you see them is when you're in crisis. +0ZDDHWma30I-00990-00379306-00379707 Not that your mentor won't be very important to you when you are in a crisis. +0ZDDHWma30I-00991-00379707-00379920 Kyle: Not that crises are all that common. +0ZDDHWma30I-00992-00379920-00380248 Katy: Not that everybody has multiple crises. +0ZDDHWma30I-00993-00380248-00380824 It's important to reframe smaller problems away from crisis, because the language of +0ZDDHWma30I-00994-00380824-00381540 crisis is pretty [inaudible 01:03:37] , but I found that I am really nervous when I feel +0ZDDHWma30I-00995-00381540-00381906 like things aren't going well, so I'm not best self. +0ZDDHWma30I-00996-00381906-00382268 That's not great conditions for me to meet people out there. +0ZDDHWma30I-00997-00382268-00382538 The speaker series has been important for me. +0ZDDHWma30I-00998-00382538-00383206 I go to different Rackham events and connect with students first and then use that if the +0ZDDHWma30I-00999-00383206-00383411 faculty seems intimidating. +0ZDDHWma30I-01000-00383411-00383762 It's sometimes easier to go through the graduate student that you know already works with that +0ZDDHWma30I-01001-00383762-00384738 faculty and ask, could you drop my name, and that sort of softens the beach, so to speak, +0ZDDHWma30I-01002-00384738-00385001 to making those connections. +0ZDDHWma30I-01003-00385001-00385462 Even if you aren't comfortable sort of cold going to office hours...There are a lot of +0ZDDHWma30I-01004-00385462-00385952 people who are willing to give advice about how to navigate those relationships, you just +0ZDDHWma30I-01005-00385952-00386126 have to be brave enough to ask. +0ZDDHWma30I-01006-00386126-00386417 Supraja: I have a point to add onto that. +0ZDDHWma30I-01007-00386417-00386922 When we were talking about graduates to her coordinators and how it is important to establish +0ZDDHWma30I-01008-00386922-00387458 a personal relationship with your coordinator, I know a lot of the students who, the graduate +0ZDDHWma30I-01009-00387458-00388053 students who are having the coordinators that are after them about filling a survey or submitting +0ZDDHWma30I-01010-00388053-00388170 your resumes on there. +0ZDDHWma30I-01011-00388170-00388587 But a lot of them do it in the last minute. +0ZDDHWma30I-01012-00388587-00388800 They have to be behind those people. +0ZDDHWma30I-01013-00388800-00389313 But when they have something that they need, like this letter that needs to be posted to +0ZDDHWma30I-01014-00389313-00390012 some company or reference or something, they go and go talk to the coordinator and think +0ZDDHWma30I-01015-00390012-00390374 that the coordinator's going to be like that, they're going to get the stuff done. +0ZDDHWma30I-01016-00390374-00390938 But when you have this personal relationship, when you're prompt in replying to their emails, +0ZDDHWma30I-01017-00390938-00391622 it's human nature, they're more willing to help you. +0ZDDHWma30I-01018-00391622-00392311 It's always important that you don't go only when you have a crisis. +0ZDDHWma30I-01019-00392311-00392894 You should always have this smooth, regular interaction with your faculty and coordinators. +0ZDDHWma30I-01020-00392894-00393376 Chukwuka: I think it's just a point to note as well, that a lot of the methods that we're +0ZDDHWma30I-01021-00393376-00393795 talking about in terms of forming these relationships are on ground, you would have to be here. +0ZDDHWma30I-01022-00393795-00394268 But I think you can even try and start forming those by sending an email right now to a professor +0ZDDHWma30I-01023-00394268-00394554 or faculty that you're interested in working with. +0ZDDHWma30I-01024-00394554-00395108 My experience is that they've been very receptive to that, responsive as well. +0ZDDHWma30I-01025-00395108-00395589 Even if that is not particularly the case, because all faculty and all students and everyone +0ZDDHWma30I-01026-00395589-00395919 here in the university is busy, because everyone's got a lot of things to do. +0ZDDHWma30I-01027-00395919-00396365 I would just say don't let that be a discouraging factor, obviously, you just keep going and +0ZDDHWma30I-01028-00396365-00396465 keep trying. +0ZDDHWma30I-01029-00396465-00396936 Kristye: Sometimes I found that you may have to send a few emails. +0ZDDHWma30I-01030-00396936-00397327 Not to the point where you become annoying, but just so that you can keep a presence. +0ZDDHWma30I-01031-00397327-00397846 Because some people -- we all get an overwhelming amount of emails. +0ZDDHWma30I-01032-00397846-00398461 If you can just drop a follow up email, a lot of times that does work, because people +0ZDDHWma30I-01033-00398461-00398613 check their emails and then they forget. +0ZDDHWma30I-01034-00398613-00399035 But then, if you follow up with them, they remember, "You know what, I need to respond +0ZDDHWma30I-01035-00399035-00399135 to this student." +0ZDDHWma30I-01036-00399135-00399235 Katy: That's important. +0ZDDHWma30I-01037-00399235-00399335 [crosstalk] +0ZDDHWma30I-01038-00399335-00399462 Paula: I want to just jump in for a second. +0ZDDHWma30I-01039-00399462-00399909 You had mentioned, Chuky, about doing some, "Before you get here" sort of behavior. +0ZDDHWma30I-01040-00399909-00400520 Are there other things that you guys did before you entered, before you were on ground, as +0ZDDHWma30I-01041-00400520-00400738 you put, before you got here? +0ZDDHWma30I-01042-00400738-00400892 Kyle: I took a vacation. +0ZDDHWma30I-01043-00400892-00400992 [laughter] +0ZDDHWma30I-01044-00400992-00401817 Kyle: I came, most recently, from Nashville and drove up with all my things, just threw +0ZDDHWma30I-01045-00401817-00402756 everything into my apartment and, I think, a day later, just went on a 10-day vacation. +0ZDDHWma30I-01046-00402756-00403399 I went to the beach in South Carolina, and saw some of my family and saw some of my friends. +0ZDDHWma30I-01047-00403399-00403918 Not as a farewell tour, but more as a way to just reboot. +0ZDDHWma30I-01048-00403918-00404733 I had just finished about three years of working, I just really wanted that time to step away +0ZDDHWma30I-01049-00404733-00405358 and reflect a bit, and also relax and recharge my batteries, knowing that I was going to +0ZDDHWma30I-01050-00405358-00405949 be going into a pretty intensive transition period and a rigorous program here. +0ZDDHWma30I-01051-00405949-00406343 I also wanted to be really hot, when the cold came, I would appreciate that as well. +0ZDDHWma30I-01052-00406343-00406829 I wanted to be just as hot and humid as I could get, so I found it in South Carolina. +0ZDDHWma30I-01053-00406829-00407554 But I thought that was really great, just to have a little bit of time. +0ZDDHWma30I-01054-00407554-00408051 Not everyone's going to have that luxury, but if you can carve out a little bit of time, +0ZDDHWma30I-01055-00408051-00408606 I think, in August, before things really get going around Labor Day, I would really recommend +0ZDDHWma30I-01056-00408606-00408706 doing that. +0ZDDHWma30I-01057-00408706-00408897 Supraja: Yeah, that's important as well. +0ZDDHWma30I-01058-00408897-00409132 Do you want to go first? +0ZDDHWma30I-01059-00409132-00409232 [crosstalk] +0ZDDHWma30I-01060-00409232-00409345 Supraja: Yeah, that's important. +0ZDDHWma30I-01061-00409345-00409834 Then checking into minor details like housing, which I never did. +0ZDDHWma30I-01062-00409834-00410300 I came here and I had to search for housing, that's important. +0ZDDHWma30I-01063-00410300-00410708 Then, looking up into your insurance, especially for international students. +0ZDDHWma30I-01064-00410708-00411315 In some countries, there's no concept of insurance, unless you really want to, you will take insurance. +0ZDDHWma30I-01065-00411315-00411575 Otherwise, you don't need insurance. +0ZDDHWma30I-01066-00411575-00412094 That's a surprising detail that a lot of them don't -- just flies off their head. +0ZDDHWma30I-01067-00412094-00412263 You should check into that. +0ZDDHWma30I-01068-00412263-00412942 Then international students, again...I'm kind of talking on the perspective of an international +0ZDDHWma30I-01069-00412942-00413589 student, make sure you have all the stuff you need, like clothes. +0ZDDHWma30I-01070-00413589-00414183 If you need some medical supplies, like medicines, prescriptions, that need to be filled, make +0ZDDHWma30I-01071-00414183-00414672 sure you have that, so that when you come here, you're not in a situation where it's +0ZDDHWma30I-01072-00414672-00414822 kind of difficult. +0ZDDHWma30I-01073-00414822-00415072 Paula: Those are great suggestions. +0ZDDHWma30I-01074-00415072-00415601 In fact, I think you're backing up some of the things that were said in the international +0ZDDHWma30I-01075-00415601-00415977 panel, so we'll make sure we link to that so that we get that out. +0ZDDHWma30I-01076-00415977-00416193 I think they're particular things for international students, too. +0ZDDHWma30I-01077-00416193-00416337 You were going to say something? +0ZDDHWma30I-01078-00416337-00416437 Miguel: Yeah. +0ZDDHWma30I-01079-00416437-00416810 [inaudible 01:09:34] was very helpful to contact that person that was studying the same that +0ZDDHWma30I-01080-00416810-00416939 I did. +0ZDDHWma30I-01081-00416939-00417171 I just asked him a lot of questions. +0ZDDHWma30I-01082-00417171-00417393 First, I felt like, I don't know, like so excited. +0ZDDHWma30I-01083-00417393-00418015 I said, "Oh, I'm just asking stupid questions, basic questions," but they are the types of +0ZDDHWma30I-01084-00418015-00418231 things that everybody are asking themselves. +0ZDDHWma30I-01085-00418231-00418430 He was very helpful for me. +0ZDDHWma30I-01086-00418430-00418885 He helped me just saying things like, "If you take this class and this class and this +0ZDDHWma30I-01087-00418885-00419027 class, you will make it. +0ZDDHWma30I-01088-00419027-00419325 You should take another one, because it's work." +0ZDDHWma30I-01089-00419325-00419807 That was a very good insight and I think if you have another question, you could ask another +0ZDDHWma30I-01090-00419807-00420068 student that he will give you a lot of advice. +0ZDDHWma30I-01091-00420068-00420702 Kristye: I came up here a month before school started, so I was here July, well, almost +0ZDDHWma30I-01092-00420702-00420896 two months before school started. +0ZDDHWma30I-01093-00420896-00421157 It's not only important to contact people about logistical things like where you're +0ZDDHWma30I-01094-00421157-00421271 going to live and things like that. +0ZDDHWma30I-01095-00421271-00421671 But it's also important, I'm sure many of you moved here without family. +0ZDDHWma30I-01096-00421671-00421973 It's also important to make those social connections. +0ZDDHWma30I-01097-00421973-00422588 Before I came here, I emailed other minority students in my program, so that we could meet +0ZDDHWma30I-01098-00422588-00422746 and greet before we got here. +0ZDDHWma30I-01099-00422746-00422996 Because I didn't have anybody else here. +0ZDDHWma30I-01100-00422996-00423244 I think that that's important as well. +0ZDDHWma30I-01101-00423244-00423709 Katy: I think that it's really easy when the school year gets started, especially the people +0ZDDHWma30I-01102-00423709-00424150 that you see all the time, your fellow graduate students...My program's really small, there's +0ZDDHWma30I-01103-00424150-00424383 only 10 of us, total. +0ZDDHWma30I-01104-00424383-00424701 It was very easy to slip into all school talk, all the time. +0ZDDHWma30I-01105-00424701-00425553 It was important, and we try and do it every year, to have a day where we talk, as humans. +0ZDDHWma30I-01106-00425553-00426050 Where we go to the beach or we go to the park and school talk is sort of off limits, so +0ZDDHWma30I-01107-00426050-00426318 that you know who these people are as people. +0ZDDHWma30I-01108-00426318-00426760 Because it's really easy to lose sight of that, especially when there are things that +0ZDDHWma30I-01109-00426760-00427172 are really important, like about this class, to recognize that these are people that they +0ZDDHWma30I-01110-00427172-00427384 have families, they have lives, they like certain music. +0ZDDHWma30I-01111-00427384-00427959 To be able to connect on things that are other than your immediate discipline can be really +0ZDDHWma30I-01112-00427959-00428076 enriching later on. +0ZDDHWma30I-01113-00428076-00428176 [crosstalk] +0ZDDHWma30I-01114-00428176-00428438 Kyle: Off the topic of things to do in advance, but it's important. +0ZDDHWma30I-01115-00428438-00429148 I have a cohort of nine people, you do spend almost all of your waking hours around some +0ZDDHWma30I-01116-00429148-00429296 people from that cohort. +0ZDDHWma30I-01117-00429296-00429766 But we [inaudible 01:11:43] things as well, so we also make a point of once a month doing +0ZDDHWma30I-01118-00429766-00430000 a potluck dinner or something. +0ZDDHWma30I-01119-00430000-00430478 We appoint a referee, because, inevitably, we get into talking shop about different professors +0ZDDHWma30I-01120-00430478-00430857 in the class that semester say, "We're not talking about that. +0ZDDHWma30I-01121-00430857-00431006 What's the last movie that you saw? +0ZDDHWma30I-01122-00431006-00431259 Please, talk about anything that's not..." +0ZDDHWma30I-01123-00431259-00431359 [crosstalk] +0ZDDHWma30I-01124-00431359-00431598 Kyle: Those are really good community building times, too. +0ZDDHWma30I-01125-00431598-00432002 Supraja: Yeah, those are really the important ones, I think. +0ZDDHWma30I-01126-00432002-00432645 Because, to be surrounded by your own classmates, you don't get a new perspective. +0ZDDHWma30I-01127-00432645-00433367 When you meet new people, you get, "Oh, this is happening," kind of feeling. +0ZDDHWma30I-01128-00433367-00434059 One more thing about socializing is that a lot of students tend to stick...For example, +0ZDDHWma30I-01129-00434059-00434500 I'm an international student from India and I tend to stick to...I've never done that +0ZDDHWma30I-01130-00434500-00435042 personally, but I know a lot of people who tend to stick to people from their own country, +0ZDDHWma30I-01131-00435042-00435201 and don't mingle with... +0ZDDHWma30I-01132-00435201-00435726 That kind of limits the experience that Ann Arbor has to offer. +0ZDDHWma30I-01133-00435726-00436277 We can experience so much diversity, so much new experiences. +0ZDDHWma30I-01134-00436277-00437005 I think when we do that, we miss out on a lot of things that we will remember way later +0ZDDHWma30I-01135-00437005-00437117 in life. +0ZDDHWma30I-01136-00437117-00437404 It's important to mingle, is what I had said. +0ZDDHWma30I-01137-00437404-00437842 Paula: You mentioned some things you do for fun, sports, we know that's [inaudible 01:13:08] +0ZDDHWma30I-01138-00437842-00438328 . Are there other things you'd say that you really look forward to or great ways that +0ZDDHWma30I-01139-00438328-00438935 you find are ways to have fun here in Ann Arbor that we haven't talked about? +0ZDDHWma30I-01140-00438935-00439520 Supraja: I am a part of the Ann Arbor Rowing Club, which is not part of the University +0ZDDHWma30I-01141-00439520-00439634 of Michigan. +0ZDDHWma30I-01142-00439634-00440055 University of Michigan has a rowing team as well, but I've never been a part of it. +0ZDDHWma30I-01143-00440055-00440682 I joined this summer, learned to row, and I'm a part of the novice team right now. +0ZDDHWma30I-01144-00440682-00440880 I'm actually going to race next weekend. +0ZDDHWma30I-01145-00440880-00441029 That's kind of exciting. +0ZDDHWma30I-01146-00441029-00441769 I'm no pro, but it's tough to do, nice tough to do. +0ZDDHWma30I-01147-00441769-00442284 I'm interning and then a good break would be to go for a rowing class in the evenings. +0ZDDHWma30I-01148-00442284-00442513 I get to meet a lot of different people. +0ZDDHWma30I-01149-00442513-00443204 Now I get, not only to meet students, but people who live lives, which are apart from +0ZDDHWma30I-01150-00443204-00443682 University of Michigan, who teach at Ann Arbor schools and work at... +0ZDDHWma30I-01151-00443682-00443782 [crosstalk] +0ZDDHWma30I-01152-00443782-00444195 Kristye: I signed up for MeetUp. +0ZDDHWma30I-01153-00444195-00444414 It's a website. +0ZDDHWma30I-01154-00444414-00444872 I get an email every week, just telling me what MeetUp groups are going on. +0ZDDHWma30I-01155-00444872-00445372 It's different areas, so food and drink or club or religious affiliations. +0ZDDHWma30I-01156-00445372-00446139 I peruse that every week to see what's going on, and then make my decisions from there. +0ZDDHWma30I-01157-00446139-00446282 Paula: That's cool. +0ZDDHWma30I-01158-00446282-00446730 Katy: I actually have a writing group that I meet with that meets off campus. +0ZDDHWma30I-01159-00446730-00446978 I'm the only one doing academic writing. +0ZDDHWma30I-01160-00446978-00447422 Actually, everybody else is writing science fiction and fantasy novels. +0ZDDHWma30I-01161-00447422-00447821 But it's sort of nice to have a place where I still feel like I'm working, but it's in +0ZDDHWma30I-01162-00447821-00448084 a coffee shop and I'm not in the library. +0ZDDHWma30I-01163-00448084-00448436 I'm going to also give a plug for the Ann Arbor Libraries. +0ZDDHWma30I-01164-00448436-00448886 They have a really great library system with great talks and authors. +0ZDDHWma30I-01165-00448886-00449464 I find it really helpful to read things that aren't for school, that I am... +0ZDDHWma30I-01166-00449464-00449587 Paula: That's crazy. +0ZDDHWma30I-01167-00449587-00449710 Katy: Crazy time. +0ZDDHWma30I-01168-00449710-00450055 But I had a pretty difficult first year. +0ZDDHWma30I-01169-00450055-00450453 When I got here I sort of felt like everybody else was working all of the time, so I needed +0ZDDHWma30I-01170-00450453-00450557 to work all the time. +0ZDDHWma30I-01171-00450557-00451034 I used to keep this notebook full of books that other people referenced, which in the +0ZDDHWma30I-01172-00451034-00451276 Humanities is a pretty big deal. +0ZDDHWma30I-01173-00451276-00451763 Then, if I had any spare time, I would start reading things on that list and it got to +0ZDDHWma30I-01174-00451763-00452082 the point where I wasn't doing anything else. +0ZDDHWma30I-01175-00452082-00452607 I really had to stop this summer afterwards and take stock of what I was doing. +0ZDDHWma30I-01176-00452607-00453114 I actually have a firm cutoff time that I don't do work after a certain point, around +0ZDDHWma30I-01177-00453114-00453380 certain days, or for certain weeks. +0ZDDHWma30I-01178-00453380-00453811 It makes me more productive, because I'm excited about that vacation, I want to be able to +0ZDDHWma30I-01179-00453811-00453911 stop. +0ZDDHWma30I-01180-00453911-00454520 But it helps me feel like I am a real person, because you can, very much, let your identity +0ZDDHWma30I-01181-00454520-00454863 be some sort of subsumed under your... +0ZDDHWma30I-01182-00454863-00455539 It can lead to really great work, but sometimes at pretty great cost. +0ZDDHWma30I-01183-00455539-00455984 Finding whatever structures you need to feel a little bit of balance... +0ZDDHWma30I-01184-00455984-00456280 Supraja: I think that's a very important point. +0ZDDHWma30I-01185-00456280-00456380 [crosstalk] +0ZDDHWma30I-01186-00456380-00456946 Natalie: I just wanted to mention that you're talking about this -- we'll definitely get +0ZDDHWma30I-01187-00456946-00457088 to your point. +0ZDDHWma30I-01188-00457088-00457742 Everyone around you is working very hard, you're at Michigan, the best and the brightest. +0ZDDHWma30I-01189-00457742-00457848 Kyle: Leaders and best. +0ZDDHWma30I-01190-00457848-00457982 Natalie: Leaders and best, sorry. +0ZDDHWma30I-01191-00457982-00458722 I wanted to hear from other people about how that realization came about for you and how +0ZDDHWma30I-01192-00458722-00459192 did you manage that, because I think it can be a difficult thing. +0ZDDHWma30I-01193-00459192-00459457 Supraja: That is exactly what I was going to add on, too. +0ZDDHWma30I-01194-00459457-00459557 Natalie: Perfect. +0ZDDHWma30I-01195-00459557-00460198 Supraja: It's a kind of glow on your self-confidence, in the sense...You constantly think that people +0ZDDHWma30I-01196-00460198-00460894 are better than you, you're not doing your best, you're not putting your best foot forward. +0ZDDHWma30I-01197-00460894-00461372 It goes to a point that instead of focusing on what's important, it's the fears that you +0ZDDHWma30I-01198-00461372-00461472 focus on, "Oh, my God. +0ZDDHWma30I-01199-00461472-00461757 I'm not doing this, I'm not doing this." +0ZDDHWma30I-01200-00461757-00462326 You should think that 4.0 GPA is not the only thing you are here for. +0ZDDHWma30I-01201-00462326-00462651 You are here for a lot of things. +0ZDDHWma30I-01202-00462651-00462809 You should focus on all. +0ZDDHWma30I-01203-00462809-00463017 You should have this right balance. +0ZDDHWma30I-01204-00463017-00463446 You should always be confident about your abilities. +0ZDDHWma30I-01205-00463446-00463992 You might not get the best grade in your class, but it does not mean that you have no skills +0ZDDHWma30I-01206-00463992-00464092 at all. +0ZDDHWma30I-01207-00464092-00464497 You have some of the skills, which are way better than the others in your class. +0ZDDHWma30I-01208-00464497-00465052 You should capitalize on your skills, on your plus points. +0ZDDHWma30I-01209-00465052-00465789 When you do that, you enjoy your entire experience, it's not like this whole, depressing stretch. +0ZDDHWma30I-01210-00465789-00466296 Like she said, my first year was very difficult in the sense that I was thinking, "Oh, my +0ZDDHWma30I-01211-00466296-00466396 God. +0ZDDHWma30I-01212-00466396-00466496 I'm such a loser. +0ZDDHWma30I-01213-00466496-00466715 I don't know anything about the subject." +0ZDDHWma30I-01214-00466715-00467214 Math was really difficult for me, though I did an undergrad degree in math. +0ZDDHWma30I-01215-00467214-00467359 Math was really difficult. +0ZDDHWma30I-01216-00467359-00468037 But now I understand that I might not be good at math, but I'm really good at business courses +0ZDDHWma30I-01217-00468037-00468797 and my communication skills are good, so I should concentrate on those so that I going +0ZDDHWma30I-01218-00468797-00468909 forward I do better. +0ZDDHWma30I-01219-00468909-00469069 Kyle: That's what I did. +0ZDDHWma30I-01220-00469069-00469187 Oh, go ahead. +0ZDDHWma30I-01221-00469187-00469682 Chukwuka: It's kind of reiterating some of the points, but there's a term for this, it's +0ZDDHWma30I-01222-00469682-00469807 called imposter syndrome. +0ZDDHWma30I-01223-00469807-00470264 I think it's prevalent at any higher education institution. +0ZDDHWma30I-01224-00470264-00470855 It's just something that you really need to kind of step back, breathe, and say, "Everyone +0ZDDHWma30I-01225-00470855-00471073 has some type of struggle at some point." +0ZDDHWma30I-01226-00471073-00471490 Graduate school is a sign way that goes up and down, there are high points, there are +0ZDDHWma30I-01227-00471490-00471590 difficult points. +0ZDDHWma30I-01228-00471590-00471714 But at the end of it, it's always... +0ZDDHWma30I-01229-00471714-00471814 Kyle: You're still here. +0ZDDHWma30I-01230-00471814-00472165 Chukwuka: You're still here and you're working towards a degree, just like everyone else. +0ZDDHWma30I-01231-00472165-00472376 It's just important to keep that perspective. +0ZDDHWma30I-01232-00472376-00472890 Any time you start to feel overwhelmed, which you will at some point in your graduate career. +0ZDDHWma30I-01233-00472890-00473471 But it is not the end of the world, you should have a support group that you can go to to +0ZDDHWma30I-01234-00473471-00473838 discuss these things, get yourself out of a funk, and keep going. +0ZDDHWma30I-01235-00473838-00474255 If you have that there, it's only temporary. +0ZDDHWma30I-01236-00474255-00474967 Kyle: What I've told new students coming in is that you know that our faculty people here +0ZDDHWma30I-01237-00474967-00475226 are very smart and insightful. +0ZDDHWma30I-01238-00475226-00475539 I said if you're on an admissions committee, they don't make mistakes. +0ZDDHWma30I-01239-00475539-00476013 Everyone who's here belongs here, deserves to be here, and has something to offer. +0ZDDHWma30I-01240-00476013-00476573 I also advise them to...One thing that I've found out was when I have those [inaudible +0ZDDHWma30I-01241-00476573-00477121 01:19:36] moments, I go back and look at my application to come here. +0ZDDHWma30I-01242-00477121-00477221 [crosstalk] +0ZDDHWma30I-01243-00477221-00477573 Kyle: ...my Statement of Purpose and then my personal statement and I remind myself +0ZDDHWma30I-01244-00477573-00477867 of why did I get into this? +0ZDDHWma30I-01245-00477867-00477967 [crosstalk] +0ZDDHWma30I-01246-00477967-00478344 Kyle: Every time I read it, I just sort of, "Oh, right, I came for those three things +0ZDDHWma30I-01247-00478344-00478496 and I'm doing that. +0ZDDHWma30I-01248-00478496-00478775 I'm doing a pretty good job and I'm still here. +0ZDDHWma30I-01249-00478775-00479282 Let me just take hope from some of my original motivation." +0ZDDHWma30I-01250-00479282-00479882 You can kind of lose sight of that in the mix of things that you're being asked to do. +0ZDDHWma30I-01251-00479882-00480475 But to go back, your foundational principles for this whole enterprise is really important, +0ZDDHWma30I-01252-00480475-00480575 too. +0ZDDHWma30I-01253-00480575-00481189 Miguel: I think you can get from graduate school what you want. +0ZDDHWma30I-01254-00481189-00481563 You have to work hard and you have to work with your colleagues. +0ZDDHWma30I-01255-00481563-00482005 You have to do your best, and then feel at the end of the class [inaudible 01:20:30] +0ZDDHWma30I-01256-00482005-00482105 with their grade. +0ZDDHWma30I-01257-00482105-00482205 That's fine. +0ZDDHWma30I-01258-00482205-00482421 If you get what you want, and if you get the skills that you are needed to nurture for +0ZDDHWma30I-01259-00482421-00482876 your life, in order to prove your ability for the future, it's fine. +0ZDDHWma30I-01260-00482876-00483462 It depends up to you what kind of resource or what kind of objective you want to get +0ZDDHWma30I-01261-00483462-00483613 from here. +0ZDDHWma30I-01262-00483613-00483961 Yeah, getting an A plus is not always important. +0ZDDHWma30I-01263-00483961-00484113 It's more important to really learn what's... +0ZDDHWma30I-01264-00484113-00484213 [crosstalk] +0ZDDHWma30I-01265-00484213-00484615 Paula: Go ahead, Kristye, because you had something you had suggested last time that +0ZDDHWma30I-01266-00484615-00484758 was real helpful. +0ZDDHWma30I-01267-00484758-00485357 Kristye: I was going to say that it's hard sometimes when you find yourself studying +0ZDDHWma30I-01268-00485357-00485807 and not getting the returns back on your studying. +0ZDDHWma30I-01269-00485807-00486373 You may invest several hours into studying for an exam or writing a paper, something +0ZDDHWma30I-01270-00486373-00486803 of that nature, and then you don't get the grade that you anticipate getting. +0ZDDHWma30I-01271-00486803-00487129 I know my program is very competitive. +0ZDDHWma30I-01272-00487129-00487534 It sometimes can be competitive amongst each other. +0ZDDHWma30I-01273-00487534-00488122 I always have to remind myself, and you all may have read this before in a book called +0ZDDHWma30I-01274-00488122-00488222 The Four Agreements. +0ZDDHWma30I-01275-00488222-00488459 One of the things is to always do your best. +0ZDDHWma30I-01276-00488459-00488882 I always have to remind myself to just do my best and my best does not look like everybody +0ZDDHWma30I-01277-00488882-00489253 else's best, but I know that I did what I could. +0ZDDHWma30I-01278-00489253-00489874 It kind of released the stress of feeling like I'm not doing as good as everybody else, +0ZDDHWma30I-01279-00489874-00490096 because I'm doing what I can do. +0ZDDHWma30I-01280-00490096-00490538 I know that my, as somebody already said, what I do may be better than what somebody +0ZDDHWma30I-01281-00490538-00490888 else can do for their skill set, but then they have something that's better for them, +0ZDDHWma30I-01282-00490888-00491151 that they can do. +0ZDDHWma30I-01283-00491151-00491422 Paula: You had talked about the reading load. +0ZDDHWma30I-01284-00491422-00491634 One time you had shared that. +0ZDDHWma30I-01285-00491634-00492246 I don't know if you're willing to share that approach you take, because I think it helps +0ZDDHWma30I-01286-00492246-00492346 people understand the realities. +0ZDDHWma30I-01287-00492346-00492792 Kyle: I can only speak for my own program, but imagine the people in the social science +0ZDDHWma30I-01288-00492792-00493289 that many are like it in that we have a statistics sequence that we go through, but there are +0ZDDHWma30I-01289-00493289-00494075 also courses that are much more content-based, in my case higher education. +0ZDDHWma30I-01290-00494075-00494803 We can look at a syllabus, and there are far more pages for a week of reading than you +0ZDDHWma30I-01291-00494803-00495330 think are feasible to get through, and you're right. +0ZDDHWma30I-01292-00495330-00496155 I think over the first year you need to figure out the best way for you to read, and the +0ZDDHWma30I-01293-00496155-00496416 best way for you to contribute to your colleagues. +0ZDDHWma30I-01294-00496416-00497088 I think the way that we broke it down when we last spoke was there are six pretty dense +0ZDDHWma30I-01295-00497088-00497455 articles that I'm expected to read for a course. +0ZDDHWma30I-01296-00497455-00497953 I'm probably going to really focus on three of them, and take a lot of notes and think +0ZDDHWma30I-01297-00497953-00498231 them through and think about connections across them. +0ZDDHWma30I-01298-00498231-00498650 Then on two of them I'll read through them. +0ZDDHWma30I-01299-00498650-00499140 I probably won't go as in depth and spend as much time with them. +0ZDDHWma30I-01300-00499140-00500007 One, I'll know what it's about and have a few marginal notes. +0ZDDHWma30I-01301-00500007-00500417 As you get a sense of what's in front of you, you can say these are the things that I'm +0ZDDHWma30I-01302-00500417-00501082 really most passionate about, and then these couple of things seem relevant, and this I'm +0ZDDHWma30I-01303-00501082-00501503 not sure is going to be that helpful in getting me to what I want to know, but I know that +0ZDDHWma30I-01304-00501503-00501873 someone will care a lot about this and help me understand it better. +0ZDDHWma30I-01305-00501873-00502413 If you really invest yourself in those three, and then you have a good working knowledge +0ZDDHWma30I-01306-00502413-00503144 of two, and then you have one where you just take the hit, that really helps you move through. +0ZDDHWma30I-01307-00503144-00503726 I don't think that you need to go through all 500 pages of whatever that is and fill +0ZDDHWma30I-01308-00503726-00504065 them with red ink, with all your notes, everything you ever learned, and things you're never +0ZDDHWma30I-01309-00504065-00504483 going to have time, even in a three hour class session, to get through. +0ZDDHWma30I-01310-00504483-00504806 Not that it's all about performing in class. +0ZDDHWma30I-01311-00504806-00505521 It's about identifying what are the most important parts of this week for you to help meet your +0ZDDHWma30I-01312-00505521-00506110 own learning objectives, and to where you can also contribute to the educational environment, +0ZDDHWma30I-01313-00506110-00506832 and to not ruin yourself trying to be all things every day, because that will burn you +0ZDDHWma30I-01314-00506832-00506942 out real quick. +0ZDDHWma30I-01315-00506942-00507417 Katy: I do just want to point out that there's the imposter syndrome that I think almost +0ZDDHWma30I-01316-00507417-00507971 everybody feels at certain points, and then there's also legitimate mental health concerns. +0ZDDHWma30I-01317-00507971-00508507 One of the great things about this campus is that there's an amazing mental health network +0ZDDHWma30I-01318-00508507-00508609 through various services. +0ZDDHWma30I-01319-00508609-00509060 There's one called CAPS that's in the union... +0ZDDHWma30I-01320-00509060-00509188 Kyle: What does that stand for? +0ZDDHWma30I-01321-00509188-00509584 Katy: The Counseling and Psychological Services, where you can walk in at any time and speak +0ZDDHWma30I-01322-00509584-00510092 to someone on a right now basis, or on a maybe I can reach them next week basis. +0ZDDHWma30I-01323-00510092-00510587 There's also a psych clinic closer to this end of campus that you can see. +0ZDDHWma30I-01324-00510587-00511103 I actually was in a dissertation support group that was less like therapy and more like, +0ZDDHWma30I-01325-00511103-00511288 here are some of the problems that people have focusing. +0ZDDHWma30I-01326-00511288-00511951 It was an eight week how do I get through this massive beast of a thing called dissertation, +0ZDDHWma30I-01327-00511951-00512153 from a mental health perspective. +0ZDDHWma30I-01328-00512153-00512682 It was really freeing for me to realize that everybody felt what I was feeling to some +0ZDDHWma30I-01329-00512682-00513132 degree, but there were people who were feeling what I was feeling to the degree I was, and +0ZDDHWma30I-01330-00513132-00513721 there was help for me and people who understood that. +0ZDDHWma30I-01331-00513721-00514246 Most everybody in graduate school at Michigan understands that this is a high pressure, +0ZDDHWma30I-01332-00514246-00514851 high stress situation that not everybody's ready to jump into that right away and that +0ZDDHWma30I-01333-00514851-00515251 there's going to be points where you might need more help than other times and that there's +0ZDDHWma30I-01334-00515251-00515484 a network already in place for you here. +0ZDDHWma30I-01335-00515484-00515821 You are not the first one to sit at home and need help. +0ZDDHWma30I-01336-00515821-00515959 Paula: Thanks for bringing that up, Katy. +0ZDDHWma30I-01337-00515959-00516520 There are a number of things...You mentioned Sweetland right at the beginning, of writing +0ZDDHWma30I-01338-00516520-00516620 support. +0ZDDHWma30I-01339-00516620-00516859 Mental health support, statistical support actually right here at Rackham. +0ZDDHWma30I-01340-00516859-00517336 There are a lot of things that you will be made aware of when you get here. +0ZDDHWma30I-01341-00517336-00517657 We'll also have links to that, and at fall welcome there will be a lot of representatives +0ZDDHWma30I-01342-00517657-00517942 form those organizations here too so you can get an overview. +0ZDDHWma30I-01343-00517942-00518073 Natalie: For sure. +0ZDDHWma30I-01344-00518073-00518598 I think that's one of the things that a lot of students mention about U of M proper. +0ZDDHWma30I-01345-00518598-00518948 It's that there are so many resources here. +0ZDDHWma30I-01346-00518948-00519528 There seems to be almost something to support your every need. +0ZDDHWma30I-01347-00519528-00519723 It's a little bit of an exaggeration. +0ZDDHWma30I-01348-00519723-00520196 I think it's good to know that they're there, but it's also good to know that it's OK to +0ZDDHWma30I-01349-00520196-00520388 take advantages of resources. +0ZDDHWma30I-01350-00520388-00520529 You would agree with that. +0ZDDHWma30I-01351-00520529-00520740 Because that's what they're there for. +0ZDDHWma30I-01352-00520740-00521056 Yeah, we'll definitely have some links in this transcript. +0ZDDHWma30I-01353-00521056-00521338 Paula: We're getting to the end of our time. +0ZDDHWma30I-01354-00521338-00521438 Am I accurate? +0ZDDHWma30I-01355-00521438-00521538 Natalie: Yes. +0ZDDHWma30I-01356-00521538-00521659 Paula: My clock matches your clock. +0ZDDHWma30I-01357-00521659-00522065 A couple things that had come up when we were talking about doing this call, to shake it +0ZDDHWma30I-01358-00522065-00522168 out and talk about it. +0ZDDHWma30I-01359-00522168-00522780 Some of the things that you'll hear when you get here, like the Diag, the Big House is +0ZDDHWma30I-01360-00522780-00522880 our football stadium. +0ZDDHWma30I-01361-00522880-00523234 Is anyone willing to share what this means? +0ZDDHWma30I-01362-00523234-00523435 Does anyone know? +0ZDDHWma30I-01363-00523435-00523535 [crosstalk] +0ZDDHWma30I-01364-00523535-00524076 Katy: If you're from Michigan, people will use this to orient you within the state. +0ZDDHWma30I-01365-00524076-00524574 We'll use a double because they don't want to forget the Upper Peninsula. +0ZDDHWma30I-01366-00524574-00525003 But for instance, if I were to tell people where I'm from, I say I'm from here, just +0ZDDHWma30I-01367-00525003-00525330 outside of Detroit, I go to school here, my family is from up here... +0ZDDHWma30I-01368-00525330-00525430 Paula: Because the state of Michigan looks like... +0ZDDHWma30I-01369-00525430-00525621 Katy: Because the state of Michigan is a hand. +0ZDDHWma30I-01370-00525621-00525721 Kyle: It's a mitten. +0ZDDHWma30I-01371-00525721-00526152 Katy: When people will say, "Oh yeah, it's in Kalamazoo," they'll gesture to their hand +0ZDDHWma30I-01372-00526152-00526340 without thinking about it. +0ZDDHWma30I-01373-00526340-00526440 That's sort of a thing. +0ZDDHWma30I-01374-00526440-00526844 Supraja: I just found out yesterday. +0ZDDHWma30I-01375-00526844-00526981 [laughter] +0ZDDHWma30I-01376-00526981-00527117 [crosstalk] +0ZDDHWma30I-01377-00527117-00527740 Paula: Any other sorts of things that you think they'll be fresh off the train, bus, +0ZDDHWma30I-01378-00527740-00528034 flight and it might be helpful to know? +0ZDDHWma30I-01379-00528034-00528526 Chukwuka: One of the first things that someone told me when I came to campus was a lot of +0ZDDHWma30I-01380-00528526-00528686 M, the Michigan M, plastered around campus. +0ZDDHWma30I-01381-00528686-00529021 On the ground, little plaques and everything. +0ZDDHWma30I-01382-00529021-00529474 Apparently, you're not supposed to step on them before your first exam. +0ZDDHWma30I-01383-00529474-00529574 [laughter] +0ZDDHWma30I-01384-00529574-00530099 Katy: But there is a way to break that curse if you accidentally do it. +0ZDDHWma30I-01385-00530099-00531101 It involves running between Rackham and the undergraduate library before the clock strikes +0ZDDHWma30I-01386-00531101-00531498 12, which means you have to do it at noon. +0ZDDHWma30I-01387-00531498-00531598 I'm sorry. +0ZDDHWma30I-01388-00531598-00531986 I guess just avoid it unless you're a really fast sprinter. +0ZDDHWma30I-01389-00531986-00532796 Kyle: Fresh off the plane you also might hear about Ypsi and wonder if that's a real word. +0ZDDHWma30I-01390-00532796-00533394 It's not, but it is shorthand for the town next door to us, Ypsilanti, which is home +0ZDDHWma30I-01391-00533394-00533519 to Eastern Michigan University. +0ZDDHWma30I-01392-00533519-00534071 It's a little odd that we're the University of Michigan and just 10 miles down the road +0ZDDHWma30I-01393-00534071-00534436 is Eastern Michigan University. +0ZDDHWma30I-01394-00534436-00535040 I would also say that downtown Ypsi is also a good place to get out of Ann Arbor and try +0ZDDHWma30I-01395-00535040-00535165 some different things. +0ZDDHWma30I-01396-00535165-00535640 It's a different vibe there, but it's a good place as well. +0ZDDHWma30I-01397-00535640-00535939 Supraja: We have a lot of colleges that are in Ann Arbor. +0ZDDHWma30I-01398-00535939-00536319 University of Michigan is not the only university in town. +0ZDDHWma30I-01399-00536319-00536686 We have community colleges and small law colleges around. +0ZDDHWma30I-01400-00536686-00537271 There's this Washtenaw Community College which offers a lot of courses about practical skills +0ZDDHWma30I-01401-00537271-00537371 like... +0ZDDHWma30I-01402-00537371-00537702 I know this friend of mine who took motor biking classes. +0ZDDHWma30I-01403-00537702-00538351 He took classes for two days and then he got the license for motor biking. +0ZDDHWma30I-01404-00538351-00538517 You can find things like that. +0ZDDHWma30I-01405-00538517-00539007 Paula: Washtenaw is right between Eastern and Michigan, so it's right in between. +0ZDDHWma30I-01406-00539007-00539198 Kyle: We are Washtenaw County. +0ZDDHWma30I-01407-00539198-00539321 It's a mouthful. +0ZDDHWma30I-01408-00539321-00539792 Paula: We're in the Eastern time zone. +0ZDDHWma30I-01409-00539792-00540086 I'm just going to say that. +0ZDDHWma30I-01410-00540086-00540213 People always question it. +0ZDDHWma30I-01411-00540213-00540373 Depending where you're coming from. +0ZDDHWma30I-01412-00540373-00540588 Supraja: The mall is beyond the South University. +0ZDDHWma30I-01413-00540588-00540741 It is the Briarwood Mall. +0ZDDHWma30I-01414-00540741-00541380 It's the biggest mall around Ann Arbor. +0ZDDHWma30I-01415-00541380-00541609 It has most stuff you need. +0ZDDHWma30I-01416-00541609-00542469 Chukwuka: I'd also like to add the league and the union refer to the Michigan League +0ZDDHWma30I-01417-00542469-00542652 and the Michigan Union. +0ZDDHWma30I-01418-00542652-00542834 They're two different buildings. +0ZDDHWma30I-01419-00542834-00543342 You can probably explain it a little bit better, because I've only been to them two or three +0ZDDHWma30I-01420-00543342-00543442 times. +0ZDDHWma30I-01421-00543442-00544017 Katy: The Michigan Union has...Both of them are big buildings with gathering spaces, with +0ZDDHWma30I-01422-00544017-00544175 meeting spaces, with ballroom. +0ZDDHWma30I-01423-00544175-00544882 They also always have fast foot in the basement, if you're hungry. +0ZDDHWma30I-01424-00544882-00545410 The League is the one that was only open for women. +0ZDDHWma30I-01425-00545410-00545977 Originally the Union was for men only, so they built the League so ladies could congregate. +0ZDDHWma30I-01426-00545977-00546536 I feel a specially affinity to the League. +0ZDDHWma30I-01427-00546536-00546983 The speech that founded the Peace Corps was given on the steps of the Michigan Union by +0ZDDHWma30I-01428-00546983-00547109 John F. Kennedy. +0ZDDHWma30I-01429-00547109-00547513 There's a lot of cool history around the buildings. +0ZDDHWma30I-01430-00547513-00547963 I would recommend that actually...They don't do an orientation tour for grad students, +0ZDDHWma30I-01431-00547963-00548314 but there are tours available through the admissions office. +0ZDDHWma30I-01432-00548314-00548869 I've seen people tag onto campus day tours just to get a sense, because there's a lot +0ZDDHWma30I-01433-00548869-00549159 of history of the campus that you don't get any other way. +0ZDDHWma30I-01434-00549159-00549603 If there's a chance to take a campus tour, I would say do it so you can learn about the... +0ZDDHWma30I-01435-00549603-00549756 Kyle: I'll quickly toss in on that. +0ZDDHWma30I-01436-00549756-00550071 We have a new president who's coming in. +0ZDDHWma30I-01437-00550071-00550964 President Coleman just retired from that position, and a new President Schlissel is arriving. +0ZDDHWma30I-01438-00550964-00551390 We'll have a big event here on September 5th, which is inauguration. +0ZDDHWma30I-01439-00551390-00552017 There will be hundreds of academic officials from across the country and around the world +0ZDDHWma30I-01440-00552017-00552284 who will come here for that event. +0ZDDHWma30I-01441-00552284-00552840 That will be a ticketed event, but I think that will be also open for students, everyone +0ZDDHWma30I-01442-00552840-00553050 else, in the main auditorium on Campus Hill. +0ZDDHWma30I-01443-00553050-00553257 There will be a big celebration for that. +0ZDDHWma30I-01444-00553257-00553782 That will be a historic moment for the university, just our first week of class back. +0ZDDHWma30I-01445-00553782-00553992 Paula: That's a beautiful way to end this. +0ZDDHWma30I-01446-00553992-00554092 Natalie: It is. +0ZDDHWma30I-01447-00554092-00554192 That's very nice. +0ZDDHWma30I-01448-00554192-00554371 We are at our time. +0ZDDHWma30I-01449-00554371-00554996 Maybe we could end with something that you'll probably hear a little bit, especially if +0ZDDHWma30I-01450-00554996-00555423 you go to a football game, is "Go Blue." +0ZDDHWma30I-01451-00555423-00555557 If we could say goodbye to everyone by saying "Go Blue" I would appreciate it. +0ZDDHWma30I-01452-00555557-00555692 On the count of three. +0ZDDHWma30I-01453-00555692-00555804 One, two, three... +0ZDDHWma30I-01454-00555804-00555915 Group: Go Blue! +0ZDDHWma30I-01455-00555915-00556102 Paula: We'll see you soon. +0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00000-00000009-00000470 If you're still in Champion Select, Kindred can pretty much dodge what he has to hit you and will have enough reaction time +0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00001-00000470-00000652 to ult while he uses his. +0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00002-00000652-00000981 Warwick will be tankier and have more lifesteal at pretty much any time in the game, while +0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00003-00000981-00001342 Rengar's invisibility will allow him to strike and kill before he can do much. +0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00004-00001342-00001692 Rek'Sai, Elise and Gragas have interesting matchups versus him because of their increased +0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00005-00001692-00001855 escapability and hard CC. +0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00006-00001855-00002238 Kayn's passive allows him to change forms between a blue and a red one, based on whether +0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00007-00002238-00002609 he's damaged (NOT KILLED) more ranged or melee Champions respectively. +0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00008-00002609-00002986 The Blue form will burn enemies after damaging them, and makes him a squishy assassin, while +0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00009-00002986-00003342 the red form makes him a tanky bruiser and will heal him when he hits abilities. +0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00010-00003342-00003508 His Q is a Dash and Flourish. +0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00011-00003508-00003810 His W makes him perform an upward sweep after a short delay. +0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00012-00003810-00004073 He can't move while casting it, unless he's in his blue form. +0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00013-00004073-00004346 If he's in the red one, it'll knock up the enemies that get hit. +0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00014-00004346-00004578 His E allows him to literally move through walls. +0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00015-00004578-00004924 If he's in his blue form, then he'll also remove slows and become immune to them for +0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00016-00004924-00005024 the duration. +0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00017-00005024-00005360 This ability allows him to use some interesting ganking paths and will force you to place +0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00018-00005360-00005696 wards in weird places to prevent him from showing up and surprise you. +0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00019-00005696-00006028 His Ultimate makes him infest an enemy becoming untargetable for the duration and reactivating +0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00020-00006028-00006128 it brings him out dealing damage. +0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00021-00006128-00006228 Blue form means longer range. +0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00022-00006228-00006357 Red form means healing when he comes out. +0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00023-00006357-00006769 A large percentage will turn into the red Kayn due to the tank meta we're in and his +0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00024-00006769-00007459 combo will most likely look like this: Q, AA, W, AA, Q, AA, Ulti +0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00025-00007459-00007879 Like with most junglers, he'll take the smite flash combo and so will you if you're a jungler. +0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00026-00007879-00008211 It's much more worth it for you to take the red smite versus him if he's in his blue form, +0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00027-00008211-00008438 since he can just cleanse the blue one and take the blue smite if he's in his red form +0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00028-00008438-00008564 to gain some distance and prevent him chasing you. +0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00029-00008564-00008907 Kayn has a few interesting power spikes: 3 is when he'll start ganking, 6 is when he'll +0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00030-00008907-00009171 start dealing damage and 9 is when he'll start killing. +0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00031-00009171-00009482 Finishing up the jungle item and his black cleaver is when he's at his strongest point +0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00032-00009482-00009646 in regard to the rest of the players. +0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00033-00009646-00009879 His next power spike is obvious and it comes from his transformation, which will make him +0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00034-00009879-00009979 start playing rather differently. +0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00035-00009979-00010260 He's strongest in the mid to late game when he can really delete and focus whoever he +0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00036-00010260-00010360 wants in any form. +0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00037-00010360-00010689 Thank you for tuning in, good luck in your match and remember: Ward behind terrain if +0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00038-00010689-00011036 you're a laner, don't panic when he's infested you since you have 2 seconds to think about +0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00039-00011036-00011413 what to do and understand that he'll go for anyone in his red form but will take his time +0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00040-00011413-00011786 to bring him down, and becomes restricted to squishies in his blue form but will KO +0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00041-00011786-00011886 them quick. +0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00042-00011886-00011996 Ultimately just have fun doing it. +0aJZaQg219o-00000-00000088-00000640 Hello Guys I'm Going To Show You How To Solve A Rubik's Cube Okay You See Here. +0aJZaQg219o-00001-00000736-00002984 First Two Swipes Two Sides To The Top Two Swipes Two Side Two Straight To The Bottom Repeat. +0aJZaQg219o-00002-00003304-00003536 Please Make Sure To Like And Subscribe To My Channel. +0aJZaQg219o-00003-00003992-00004042 Done. +0aJZaQg219o-00004-00004328-00005064 This Is My First Rubik's Cube Video Please Make Sure To Tike And Subscribe My Channel Bye. +0cBL_WXZtkg-00000-00000000-00000450 This Video is the one way about analysis of Lottery. It's for the Korean Lotto. but.. +0cBL_WXZtkg-00001-00000459-00000900 Not only the Korean Lottery, but also it’s same to other country. Apply the same way to your nation’s lotto +0cBL_WXZtkg-00002-00000940-00001177 Features of Lottolab. For 862nd Korean Lotto(This week). +0cBL_WXZtkg-00003-00001212-00001432 The Units Digit +0cBL_WXZtkg-00004-00001506-00001765 Lottolab's Features - the Unit Digit +0cBL_WXZtkg-00005-00001765-00002115 The numbers that the winning numbers contain same units digit +0cBL_WXZtkg-00006-00002208-00003046 The Units Digit, lotto features, is pair of same units digit, such as {21, 41}, or {5, 15}. +0cBL_WXZtkg-00007-00003056-00003430 This is one of best performance on Lottolab's Features. +0cBL_WXZtkg-00008-00003455-00004105 Feature the Units Digit, check it out and good luck. +0cBL_WXZtkg-00009-00004213-00004376 Lottolab’s Features. +0cBL_WXZtkg-00010-00004376-00004733 The result of Lottolab’s Features during last 10 weeks. +0cBL_WXZtkg-00011-00004868-00005006 The summery of Lottolab's Features during 10 weeks +0cBL_WXZtkg-00012-00005106-00005943 Last week, the 4 winning number and the 5 Lottolab’s Features came out. +0cBL_WXZtkg-00013-00005943-00008106 Especially the 9 of the Units Digit during last 10 weeks and 1 pair of them on this week. +0cBL_WXZtkg-00014-00008211-00008436 Lottolab’s Features - the Units Digit +0cBL_WXZtkg-00015-00008436-00008831 The recent result of the Units Digit & the their frequency of each number +0cBL_WXZtkg-00016-00008873-00009051 The Lottolab's Prediction for 862nd - the Units Digit +0cBL_WXZtkg-00017-00009051-00009115 The result of Units Digit during 10 weeks +0cBL_WXZtkg-00018-00009115-00010960 {11,21} This Units Digit came out the last winning numbers. +0cBL_WXZtkg-00019-00010960-00011890 Last 10 weeks, the 9 winning numbers came out on the Units Digit. Check frequent the Units Digit. +0cBL_WXZtkg-00020-00011890-00012749 If you want to more infom, Visit Lottolab's blog. www.lottolab.kr/blog +0cBL_WXZtkg-00021-00012797-00012947 Lottolab Features - the Units Digit +0cBL_WXZtkg-00022-00012947-00013272 The recent result of Lottolab's Featrues - the Units Digit +0cBL_WXZtkg-00024-00021940-00022388 May the Force of "Daebak" be with you~~ +0cBL_WXZtkg-00025-00022388-00022886 If you want to gether more information, Pleas subscrive me +0ijY_aDEiWM-00000-00000504-00001018 So what happened during the transgressive systemtract? +0ijY_aDEiWM-00001-00001018-00001271 So during the transgressive system tract, +0ijY_aDEiWM-00002-00001272-00001893 it's really important to know on an isolated platform where the windward side of the islandis +0ijY_aDEiWM-00003-00001893-00002568 and where the leeward side of the island is. Windward is the side that faces the prevailing +0ijY_aDEiWM-00004-00002568-00003288 wind direction which also means facing the prevailing wave direction. And you can see that +0ijY_aDEiWM-00005-00003288-00003846 we're developing during the TST an asymmetry hereon this isolated system. +0ijY_aDEiWM-00006-00003846-00004110 And this asymmetry comesfrom the fact that +0ijY_aDEiWM-00007-00004110-00004686 in the windward side, we havethe wave crashing on the island clearing sedimentsaway +0ijY_aDEiWM-00008-00004686-00005455 to the back of the island. That gives younice clean waters where reefs will preferentiallygrow. +0ijY_aDEiWM-00009-00005455-00005960 So reef will tend to grow more on the windward side. So they will grow on that side +0ijY_aDEiWM-00010-00005960-00006528 and they will protect the back of the island and in the very back, in the leeward side, will tend to +0ijY_aDEiWM-00011-00006528-00006848 have more sand because it's more turbid +0ijY_aDEiWM-00012-00006848-00007445 and thesediments are moved from the windward side to theleeward margin of the island. +0ijY_aDEiWM-00013-00007445-00007895 So that asymmetry is an important concept for isolated platforms. +0ijY_aDEiWM-00014-00007992-00008808 And of course as the base level is rising, we tend to cover the the previous lowstand deposits and +0ijY_aDEiWM-00015-00008808-00009520 here, I think this is a an amazing image personally but you see a former sinkhole that dates from +0ijY_aDEiWM-00016-00009520-00010325 the previous lowstand that was lower thansea level is today and it's now basically beingreflooded. +0ijY_aDEiWM-00017-00010325-00010976 So now there's water on top of it and what's really cool is that this sinkhole acts as +0ijY_aDEiWM-00018-00010976-00011584 a trap for sediment. So you see the prevailing wind current here comes from the right to the left and +0ijY_aDEiWM-00019-00011584-00012248 on the right side of the sinkhole there is just sand, there is no reef but on the left side of the +0ijY_aDEiWM-00020-00012248-00012928 sinkhole you have seagrass meadows and you also have some reef that starts to develop because the +0ijY_aDEiWM-00021-00012928-00013616 sinkhole acts as a trap for sediments. As you can see on the right image here: the bathymetry image. +0ijY_aDEiWM-00022-00013616-00014352 And this is really a good illustration of how on the small scale this whole thing is about, you +0ijY_aDEiWM-00023-00014352-00014919 know, three kilometer, the whole image. On a small scale how these different pillar topography can +0ijY_aDEiWM-00024-00014919-00015125 impact what type of carbonate grows where. +0ijY_aDEiWM-00025-00015125-00015486 Becausethe corals only grow on this side of the sinkhole +0ijY_aDEiWM-00026-00015488-00015824 thanks to the fact that there's lesssediment. So the waters are more clear. +0ijY_aDEiWM-00027-00016040-00016632 And i mentioned that in the leeward side we tend to have more sandy deposits. So typically you +0ijY_aDEiWM-00028-00016632-00017320 will have either skeletal sand or you can have ooidal sand but yes you will tend to have more +0ijY_aDEiWM-00029-00017320-00017912 of a sand type of deposit. These can be great reservoirs but it's good to know where those +0ijY_aDEiWM-00030-00017912-00018616 prevailing wind direction are because that could imply some heterogeneity +0ijY_aDEiWM-00031-00018616-00019105 but also some asymmetry in where your different deposits are. +0ijY_aDEiWM-00032-00019105-00019325 Okay! Now what happened during the highstand tract? +0ijY_aDEiWM-00033-00019325-00019840 Remember the highstand tract iswhen we have the the majority of sedimentation on +0ijY_aDEiWM-00034-00019840-00020392 those platform in the T factory, no exception here with isolated platform, of course. +0ijY_aDEiWM-00035-00020392-00020771 And basically the asymmetry that we've seen +0ijY_aDEiWM-00036-00020771-00020946 developing during the TST is becoming evenstronger. +0ijY_aDEiWM-00037-00021110-00021728 We have more grand shoals on the leewardside and we have much more better developed reef +0ijY_aDEiWM-00038-00021728-00022320 on the windward side. A good analog for highstand, especially high stand higher than today +0ijY_aDEiWM-00039-00022320-00023161 is isotopic stage 5 and 5e in particular where sea level was higher by about 1-2 meter, +0ijY_aDEiWM-00040-00023161-00023904 compared to today, up to maybe 6 meters at the end of 5e. And the temperatures were +0ijY_aDEiWM-00041-00023904-00024528 about 1-2 degrees higher. And if you look at these 5e, there's been some studies done: +0ijY_aDEiWM-00042-00024528-00025120 it's actually a bit of a chilling perspective on what could happen to isolated platform during +0ijY_aDEiWM-00043-00025120-00025291 highstands that are higher than today. +0ijY_aDEiWM-00044-00025291-00025873 So rememberwe have those grain shoals here in the back and ifyou look at 5e grain shoal +0ijY_aDEiWM-00045-00025873-00026448 in The Bahamas and in Bermuda, you see those, first of all you see +0ijY_aDEiWM-00046-00026448-00027136 a trilogy of deposits and one of the end member of that trilogy is essentially storm deposits. +0ijY_aDEiWM-00047-00027136-00028285 So those big cross-stratified aeolian and oolitic sand, so that's calcareous aeolian sand that basically formed dune. +0ijY_aDEiWM-00048-00028285-00028880 And that happens inthe lowland during stage 5e during, the relativesea level high. +0ijY_aDEiWM-00049-00028880-00029510 And their storm deposit,there's all the evidence for that in the dunesthemselves. +0ijY_aDEiWM-00050-00029510-00030138 But if you look at cliffs that areslightly higher, so about 15 meters higher thansea level, +0ijY_aDEiWM-00051-00030138-00031128 what you see is evidence for boulder size cliff rocks being eroded and transportedby mega waves. +0ijY_aDEiWM-00052-00031128-00031648 So we have evidence for mega stormduring 5e. Much much stronger than what we seetoday. +0ijY_aDEiWM-00053-00031648-00032314 And here are some photos. By the way this wasall published in a paper by Hearty and Tormey in2017, +0ijY_aDEiWM-00054-00032314-00032816 if you're interested to check it. And you can see those boulders are gigantic and they were all +0ijY_aDEiWM-00055-00032816-00033592 transported by storm away from high cliffs. Here's another example: I'll point you to +0ijY_aDEiWM-00056-00033592-00034241 the size of the man here next to theboulder, look at the size of those boulders: absolutely gigantic! +0ijY_aDEiWM-00057-00034241-00034912 And if you go towards higherground where only the most strong storm could come, +0ijY_aDEiWM-00058-00034912-00035416 where you have for instance aeolian deposits, so you already have a bit of topography +0ijY_aDEiWM-00059-00035416-00036023 on top of those you even have evidence for sands being shifted and transported during storm. +0ijY_aDEiWM-00060-00036023-00036166 So themessage here is that: +0ijY_aDEiWM-00061-00036166-00036641 during stage 5e which mightbe a good analogue for what awaits us. So you know +0ijY_aDEiWM-00062-00036641-00037015 So you know a few meters of sea level higher than today +0ijY_aDEiWM-00063-00037015-00037448 anda couple of degrees of global temperature higher. +0ijY_aDEiWM-00064-00037448-00038426 We have evidence for megastorms that produce those big ripples and and thoseboulder transport. +0ijY_aDEiWM-00065-00038426-00038983 And that's not a great news if you're living on an isolated platform, forinstance +0ijY_aDEiWM-00066-00038983-00040552 if you're a resident in The Bahamas or in The Maldives, this is actually pretty bad news. +0jwWXETW81Q-00000-00000006-00000468 Man I was blown a bit, extreme ly blown away what you said that now that you +0jwWXETW81Q-00001-00000468-00000788 have a leadership development company disguised as a home security business +0jwWXETW81Q-00002-00000788-00001506 which is how every business should look at themselves. +0jwWXETW81Q-00003-00001506-00002093 Dividing your life into four areas is as old as the Sun. It's just whatever kind of lens that you look at +0jwWXETW81Q-00004-00002093-00002660 it, the way we look at it, we put together a process we call life goals and and I +0jwWXETW81Q-00005-00002660-00003254 coach our agents the ones that want to participate, "L" for life is love which is +0jwWXETW81Q-00006-00003254-00003768 relationships, "I" is influence which is the mind, "F" is Finance which is business and +0jwWXETW81Q-00007-00003768-00004196 then "E" is energy which is the body. And I take all of our agents that want to +0jwWXETW81Q-00008-00004196-00004719 participate into and through a coaching process where we set three 90-day goals +0jwWXETW81Q-00009-00004719-00005048 for each of those four areas. So For the people that come on board with our +0jwWXETW81Q-00010-00005048-00005526 company, over these next few months, which we know will be many of you that are +0jwWXETW81Q-00011-00005526-00006062 watching this, we know that taking you through this process will be a life +0jwWXETW81Q-00012-00006062-00006600 changing movement, that will spread across this country, people that are +0jwWXETW81Q-00013-00006600-00007079 winning in all areas of life and now have a career opportunity where they're +0jwWXETW81Q-00014-00007079-00007500 making more money than they've ever made. And when you combine those two winning +0jwWXETW81Q-00015-00007500-00008136 in all four areas and winning it financially to a degree that you've +0jwWXETW81Q-00016-00008136-00008672 never won before, then very interesting things can happen and that's how you can +0jwWXETW81Q-00017-00008672-00009147 absolutely change the world. And the funny thing is over that hour +0jwWXETW81Q-00018-00009147-00009754 accountability call, we talk about business for maybe five minutes, maybe. +0jwWXETW81Q-00019-00009754-00010257 But we ran the numbers, and the ones that are participating in that life goals +0jwWXETW81Q-00020-00010257-00010764 coaching versus the coordinators that we have that aren't,. are doing 26.7% more +0jwWXETW81Q-00021-00010764-00011279 volume. Which in our world equates to about $52,000 more they're making per +0jwWXETW81Q-00022-00011279-00011643 year. And it's not because all of our agents are participating, a lot of our +0jwWXETW81Q-00023-00011643-00012120 top agents aren't, but it's a true testament to the fact that if you're +0jwWXETW81Q-00024-00012120-00012572 winning in all the other areas of your life, that of course your production, of +0jwWXETW81Q-00025-00012572-00012847 course your business, is going to be a byproduct +0jwWXETW81Q-00026-00012847-00013700 of that. What does it mean to be in balance? And to me it's this reality that +0jwWXETW81Q-00027-00013700-00014318 there is no such thing as balance, it's being able to identify the imbalances. +0jwWXETW81Q-00028-00014318-00014845 It's being able to be aware enough to know when certain areas are out of +0jwWXETW81Q-00029-00014845-00015316 balance. Being aware to know when you need to spend more time with your family, +0jwWXETW81Q-00030-00015316-00015745 when you need to spend more time at work, when you need to spend more time on your body, +0jwWXETW81Q-00031-00015745-00016372 when you need to just need to spend more time on your mind. And it's really just this harmony +0jwWXETW81Q-00032-00016372-00016886 of like constantly trying to balance the imbalances, but knowing that you're never +0jwWXETW81Q-00033-00016886-00017254 gonna be in perfect balance, like there's never going to be this perfect work-life +0jwWXETW81Q-00034-00017254-00017932 balance, but just trying to go all-in in all the areas so that you can try to +0jwWXETW81Q-00035-00017932-00018773 maintain the best harmony. But the true, true person that's going all-in in all +0jwWXETW81Q-00036-00018773-00019262 areas understands that that you have to continually level up and continually be +0jwWXETW81Q-00037-00019262-00019701 pushing the boundaries of every single aspect of your life, to become +0jwWXETW81Q-00038-00019701-00020107 extraordinary. +0jYA0-lknhE-00000-00000152-00000656 chapter 1 mental health and mental +0jYA0-lknhE-00001-00000408-00000656 illness +0jYA0-lknhE-00002-00000855-00001384 the objectives for this chapter are to +0jYA0-lknhE-00003-00001063-00001672 discuss the history of psychiatric care +0jYA0-lknhE-00004-00001384-00001727 define mental health and mental illness +0jYA0-lknhE-00005-00001672-00001911 discuss +0jYA0-lknhE-00006-00001727-00002119 cultural elements that influence +0jYA0-lknhE-00007-00001911-00002351 attitudes towards mental health +0jYA0-lknhE-00008-00002119-00002648 and mental illness identify +0jYA0-lknhE-00009-00002351-00002903 physiological responses to stress +0jYA0-lknhE-00010-00002648-00003088 discuss the concepts of anxiety and +0jYA0-lknhE-00011-00002903-00003415 grief as psychological +0jYA0-lknhE-00012-00003088-00003415 responses to stress +0jYA0-lknhE-00013-00003607-00004015 as you take a few minutes to think about +0jYA0-lknhE-00014-00003784-00004223 the historical overview of +0jYA0-lknhE-00015-00004015-00004400 psychiatric and mental illness one of +0jYA0-lknhE-00016-00004223-00004664 the things that you need to think about +0jYA0-lknhE-00017-00004400-00004887 is that early beliefs um centered on +0jYA0-lknhE-00018-00004664-00004992 mental illness in terms of in evil +0jYA0-lknhE-00019-00004887-00005248 spirits +0jYA0-lknhE-00020-00004992-00005503 or supernatural or magical powers that +0jYA0-lknhE-00021-00005248-00005760 had entered the body and had taken over +0jYA0-lknhE-00022-00005503-00005952 you know and i always um think of this i +0jYA0-lknhE-00023-00005760-00006239 say i think about the movie um +0jYA0-lknhE-00024-00005952-00006447 at the exorcist um and if you've not +0jYA0-lknhE-00025-00006239-00006776 seen the exorcist uh you need to +0jYA0-lknhE-00026-00006447-00007072 to watch it but um it's like +0jYA0-lknhE-00027-00006776-00007176 something possessing the body and that +0jYA0-lknhE-00028-00007072-00007536 is the +0jYA0-lknhE-00029-00007176-00007679 that's the way historically of mental +0jYA0-lknhE-00030-00007536-00007872 individuals who were suffering from +0jYA0-lknhE-00031-00007679-00008088 animal mental illness +0jYA0-lknhE-00032-00007872-00008240 were looked at they were often beaten +0jYA0-lknhE-00033-00008088-00008536 starved +0jYA0-lknhE-00034-00008240-00008728 tortured um and a lot of this was done +0jYA0-lknhE-00035-00008536-00008824 in the name of purging out the evil +0jYA0-lknhE-00036-00008728-00009088 spirits +0jYA0-lknhE-00037-00008824-00009247 um or trying to get rid of them um they +0jYA0-lknhE-00038-00009088-00009504 used witchcraft on +0jYA0-lknhE-00039-00009247-00009704 individuals um they were burned at the +0jYA0-lknhE-00040-00009504-00009911 stake because they were thought in some +0jYA0-lknhE-00041-00009704-00010215 cases to be witches +0jYA0-lknhE-00042-00009911-00010575 so you know we have to +0jYA0-lknhE-00043-00010215-00010864 we look at this picture and uh you see +0jYA0-lknhE-00044-00010575-00010992 someone you know looks like a child who +0jYA0-lknhE-00045-00010864-00011432 is in a makeshift +0jYA0-lknhE-00046-00010992-00011639 wooden cage or you see a group of um men +0jYA0-lknhE-00047-00011432-00011839 sitting in chairs with one of them that +0jYA0-lknhE-00048-00011639-00012079 has on a straight jacket +0jYA0-lknhE-00049-00011839-00012288 and um you know what do those images +0jYA0-lknhE-00050-00012079-00012528 bring to mind +0jYA0-lknhE-00051-00012288-00012632 if you've ever seen some of the old +0jYA0-lknhE-00052-00012528-00012959 movies +0jYA0-lknhE-00053-00012632-00013240 um in which they were depicted +0jYA0-lknhE-00054-00012959-00013295 individuals with mental illness in their +0jYA0-lknhE-00055-00013240-00013480 um +0jYA0-lknhE-00056-00013295-00013647 you know this might be a picture that +0jYA0-lknhE-00057-00013480-00013863 comes to your mind +0jYA0-lknhE-00058-00013647-00014095 hippocrates associated mental illness +0jYA0-lknhE-00059-00013863-00014231 with an irregularity in the interaction +0jYA0-lknhE-00060-00014095-00014536 among the four +0jYA0-lknhE-00061-00014231-00014840 humors blood black bile +0jYA0-lknhE-00062-00014536-00015016 yellow bile and phlegm and why is that +0jYA0-lknhE-00063-00014840-00015191 that important because again we're +0jYA0-lknhE-00064-00015016-00015512 thinking it's something +0jYA0-lknhE-00065-00015191-00015847 going on in the body or it's um +0jYA0-lknhE-00066-00015512-00016047 something that has invaded the body then +0jYA0-lknhE-00067-00015847-00016208 during the middle ages on the mentally +0jYA0-lknhE-00068-00016047-00016472 ill were actually sent out +0jYA0-lknhE-00069-00016208-00016576 on the sea on selling boats without +0jYA0-lknhE-00070-00016472-00016920 guidance +0jYA0-lknhE-00071-00016576-00017168 um for their lost rationality +0jYA0-lknhE-00072-00016920-00017384 and they would say that this was this +0jYA0-lknhE-00073-00017168-00017584 was called the ship of fools +0jYA0-lknhE-00074-00017384-00017751 uh and so it's just settlement drift +0jYA0-lknhE-00075-00017584-00018087 kind of +0jYA0-lknhE-00076-00017751-00018320 uh in middle eastern islamic countries +0jYA0-lknhE-00077-00018087-00018495 they began to establish special units or +0jYA0-lknhE-00078-00018320-00018551 general hospitals and these were the +0jYA0-lknhE-00079-00018495-00018912 first +0jYA0-lknhE-00080-00018551-00019120 known um asylums for individuals with +0jYA0-lknhE-00081-00018912-00019320 mental illness and then in colonial +0jYA0-lknhE-00082-00019120-00019415 america mental illness was equated with +0jYA0-lknhE-00083-00019320-00019615 witchcraft +0jYA0-lknhE-00084-00019415-00019831 and again like i said many of these +0jYA0-lknhE-00085-00019615-00020192 individuals were burned at the stake +0jYA0-lknhE-00086-00019831-00020408 um because they felt like they were +0jYA0-lknhE-00087-00020192-00020584 going to do harm to others so let's get +0jYA0-lknhE-00088-00020408-00020920 rid of them +0jYA0-lknhE-00089-00020584-00021231 um there are also you know +0jYA0-lknhE-00090-00020920-00021536 pictures of that that you have probably +0jYA0-lknhE-00091-00021231-00021944 seen that are buildings that are +0jYA0-lknhE-00092-00021536-00022279 cold um stone buildings with tall +0jYA0-lknhE-00093-00021944-00022640 fences around them metal beds +0jYA0-lknhE-00094-00022279-00023008 um with no mattress or a very thin +0jYA0-lknhE-00095-00022640-00023248 mattress um and so sometimes that's +0jYA0-lknhE-00096-00023008-00023328 that's that historical aspect that we +0jYA0-lknhE-00097-00023248-00023768 see +0jYA0-lknhE-00098-00023328-00024136 now we we've we've evolved a little bit +0jYA0-lknhE-00099-00023768-00024448 um you know in our way of thinking +0jYA0-lknhE-00100-00024136-00024728 um and how we treat individuals with +0jYA0-lknhE-00101-00024448-00024928 uh mental illness and so now we're +0jYA0-lknhE-00102-00024728-00025240 treating them on an outpatient +0jYA0-lknhE-00103-00024928-00025456 uh basis we know more about how medicine +0jYA0-lknhE-00104-00025240-00025623 works with those individuals +0jYA0-lknhE-00105-00025456-00025832 and so that that's just a little +0jYA0-lknhE-00106-00025623-00026032 historical perspective for you +0jYA0-lknhE-00107-00025832-00026200 but also understand that that's also +0jYA0-lknhE-00108-00026032-00026232 where some culture comes into play that +0jYA0-lknhE-00109-00026200-00026591 we +0jYA0-lknhE-00110-00026232-00026591 we will talk about a little bit later on +0jYA0-lknhE-00111-00026768-00027408 so here you see a picture of um +0jYA0-lknhE-00112-00027136-00027608 benjamin russ and he's often called the +0jYA0-lknhE-00113-00027408-00027895 father of american psychiat +0jYA0-lknhE-00114-00027608-00028008 psychiatry was a physician at a hospital +0jYA0-lknhE-00115-00027895-00028239 initiated the first +0jYA0-lknhE-00116-00028008-00028447 humane treatment of individuals with +0jYA0-lknhE-00117-00028239-00028712 mental illness in the united states +0jYA0-lknhE-00118-00028447-00028752 and the first hospital in america to +0jYA0-lknhE-00119-00028712-00029047 admit +0jYA0-lknhE-00120-00028752-00029247 individuals uh with mental illness was +0jYA0-lknhE-00121-00029047-00029632 established in philadelphia +0jYA0-lknhE-00122-00029247-00029727 in uh the mid-century of the mid-18th +0jYA0-lknhE-00123-00029632-00030008 century +0jYA0-lknhE-00124-00029727-00030144 and then um you know if you're from +0jYA0-lknhE-00125-00030008-00030263 north carolina you're familiar with +0jYA0-lknhE-00126-00030144-00030568 north carolina +0jYA0-lknhE-00127-00030263-00030880 um you'll also know about dorothea dix +0jYA0-lknhE-00128-00030568-00031127 which we'll talk about in just a moment +0jYA0-lknhE-00129-00030880-00031200 so here you see a picture of uh dorothea +0jYA0-lknhE-00130-00031127-00031408 dix +0jYA0-lknhE-00131-00031200-00031624 and uh in the 19th century she was +0jYA0-lknhE-00132-00031408-00031847 successful in lobbying for the first +0jYA0-lknhE-00133-00031624-00032039 for the establishment of state hospitals +0jYA0-lknhE-00134-00031847-00032280 for individuals with mental illness +0jYA0-lknhE-00135-00032039-00032416 and it's been several years ago now or +0jYA0-lknhE-00136-00032280-00032672 quite a few years ago that +0jYA0-lknhE-00137-00032416-00032816 dorothea dick's hospital in raleigh was +0jYA0-lknhE-00138-00032672-00033160 actually closed down +0jYA0-lknhE-00139-00032816-00033360 but here we see um two individuals +0jYA0-lknhE-00140-00033160-00033519 that began to make a difference in the +0jYA0-lknhE-00141-00033360-00033856 life of individuals +0jYA0-lknhE-00142-00033519-00034152 with mental illness um benjamin rush +0jYA0-lknhE-00143-00033856-00034256 who um established the humane treatment +0jYA0-lknhE-00144-00034152-00034480 for individuals +0jYA0-lknhE-00145-00034256-00034680 and dorothea dicks who established for +0jYA0-lknhE-00146-00034480-00034856 state hospitals for individuals +0jYA0-lknhE-00147-00034680-00035088 now that's not to say that there was not +0jYA0-lknhE-00148-00034856-00035432 some mao on treatment that went on +0jYA0-lknhE-00149-00035088-00035688 in facilities uh and and continued +0jYA0-lknhE-00150-00035432-00035800 but these were individuals who were +0jYA0-lknhE-00151-00035688-00036119 trying to make +0jYA0-lknhE-00152-00035800-00036231 uh an effort to make things better for a +0jYA0-lknhE-00153-00036119-00036463 population of +0jYA0-lknhE-00154-00036231-00036703 individuals who you know for a lack of +0jYA0-lknhE-00155-00036463-00037040 better words were misunderstood +0jYA0-lknhE-00156-00036703-00037352 by society because um they just +0jYA0-lknhE-00157-00037040-00037656 weren't considered normal by the +0jYA0-lknhE-00158-00037352-00037840 by most people's standards uh and so +0jYA0-lknhE-00159-00037656-00038056 how to help them that was the important +0jYA0-lknhE-00160-00037840-00038263 thing and that's what um +0jYA0-lknhE-00161-00038056-00038400 this course is all about is learning how +0jYA0-lknhE-00162-00038263-00038768 to help people +0jYA0-lknhE-00163-00038400-00039463 um who have mental +0jYA0-lknhE-00164-00038768-00039719 illnesses in um in their life +0jYA0-lknhE-00165-00039463-00039863 so be remiss if i didn't uh mention +0jYA0-lknhE-00166-00039719-00040144 leonard +0jYA0-lknhE-00167-00039863-00040368 linda richards who is considered the +0jYA0-lknhE-00168-00040144-00040519 first american psychiatric nurse +0jYA0-lknhE-00169-00040368-00040680 she's graduated from new england +0jYA0-lknhE-00170-00040519-00040768 hospital for women and children in +0jYA0-lknhE-00171-00040680-00040984 boston +0jYA0-lknhE-00172-00040768-00041128 she helped establish the first school of +0jYA0-lknhE-00173-00040984-00041328 psychiatric nursing +0jYA0-lknhE-00174-00041128-00041616 at mclean asylum in waverly +0jYA0-lknhE-00175-00041328-00041919 massachusetts in 1882 +0jYA0-lknhE-00176-00041616-00042159 however psychiatric nursing was not +0jYA0-lknhE-00177-00041919-00042275 included in the curricula of schools of +0jYA0-lknhE-00178-00042159-00042696 nursing's until +0jYA0-lknhE-00179-00042275-00042984 1955 so from 1882 +0jYA0-lknhE-00180-00042696-00043112 um when she established this first +0jYA0-lknhE-00181-00042984-00043424 psychiatric nursing +0jYA0-lknhE-00182-00043112-00043831 um school nursing school +0jYA0-lknhE-00183-00043424-00044056 um it took from 1882 to 1955 +0jYA0-lknhE-00184-00043831-00044272 for it to be um included in the +0jYA0-lknhE-00185-00044056-00044575 curricula of nursing programs +0jYA0-lknhE-00186-00044272-00044719 um which is where we are today um and +0jYA0-lknhE-00187-00044575-00044919 still talking about it +0jYA0-lknhE-00188-00044719-00045088 so i want you to think about those +0jYA0-lknhE-00189-00044919-00045184 things because it's important so here we +0jYA0-lknhE-00190-00045088-00045519 have three +0jYA0-lknhE-00191-00045184-00045703 very influential individuals who made a +0jYA0-lknhE-00192-00045519-00046096 difference in the life of +0jYA0-lknhE-00193-00045703-00046096 individuals with psychiatric illness +0jYA0-lknhE-00194-00046288-00046687 before we can begin this chapter there's +0jYA0-lknhE-00195-00046487-00046744 a couple of things i want you to go back +0jYA0-lknhE-00196-00046687-00047000 to +0jYA0-lknhE-00197-00046744-00047144 um from previous courses and think about +0jYA0-lknhE-00198-00047000-00047352 and one of those +0jYA0-lknhE-00199-00047144-00047608 courses is your trans-cultural nursing +0jYA0-lknhE-00200-00047352-00047800 course because it's important for you to +0jYA0-lknhE-00201-00047608-00047968 understand that the concepts of mental +0jYA0-lknhE-00202-00047800-00048175 health and mental illness +0jYA0-lknhE-00203-00047968-00048336 are culturally defined so they are +0jYA0-lknhE-00204-00048175-00048624 defined by +0jYA0-lknhE-00205-00048336-00048791 the way an individual their values their +0jYA0-lknhE-00206-00048624-00048968 beliefs +0jYA0-lknhE-00207-00048791-00049144 how they were raised the environment +0jYA0-lknhE-00208-00048968-00049512 that they were raised in +0jYA0-lknhE-00209-00049144-00049624 and those things can be um considerable +0jYA0-lknhE-00210-00049512-00049968 when you think about +0jYA0-lknhE-00211-00049624-00050400 tolerance or intolerance to one's +0jYA0-lknhE-00212-00049968-00050552 um culture or belief or value system +0jYA0-lknhE-00213-00050400-00050791 and so that's going to make a difference +0jYA0-lknhE-00214-00050552-00050896 when you when you as the nurse are +0jYA0-lknhE-00215-00050791-00051239 thinking about +0jYA0-lknhE-00216-00050896-00051471 how do i help this client who to um +0jYA0-lknhE-00217-00051239-00051664 sustain their mental health or how do i +0jYA0-lknhE-00218-00051471-00051767 help this client who has a mental +0jYA0-lknhE-00219-00051664-00052255 illness +0jYA0-lknhE-00220-00051767-00052688 um but based on their own culture +0jYA0-lknhE-00221-00052255-00052944 may or may not be reluctant to seek help +0jYA0-lknhE-00222-00052688-00053095 now along with that we also know that +0jYA0-lknhE-00223-00052944-00053351 when individuals are in +0jYA0-lknhE-00224-00053095-00053432 a state of mental health or mental +0jYA0-lknhE-00225-00053351-00053704 illness +0jYA0-lknhE-00226-00053432-00053751 that they uh experience both physical +0jYA0-lknhE-00227-00053704-00054008 and +0jYA0-lknhE-00228-00053751-00054224 psychological responses to stress and so +0jYA0-lknhE-00229-00054008-00054479 we're going to talk about the stress um +0jYA0-lknhE-00230-00054224-00054632 factor a little bit later on but those +0jYA0-lknhE-00231-00054479-00054848 are things that +0jYA0-lknhE-00232-00054632-00055055 you know we can we can touch on right +0jYA0-lknhE-00233-00054848-00055272 now when you think about stress +0jYA0-lknhE-00234-00055055-00055408 think about maybe a level of anxiety +0jYA0-lknhE-00235-00055272-00055591 that somebody +0jYA0-lknhE-00236-00055408-00055720 is having and that's one of the things +0jYA0-lknhE-00237-00055591-00056000 that we're going to talk about +0jYA0-lknhE-00238-00055720-00056083 it's also going to look at um the +0jYA0-lknhE-00239-00056000-00056424 concepts +0jYA0-lknhE-00240-00056083-00056583 of grief along with that so we'll we'll +0jYA0-lknhE-00241-00056424-00056824 discuss that as we move through the +0jYA0-lknhE-00242-00056583-00056824 chapter +0jYA0-lknhE-00243-00056904-00057239 so here we go here you see this uh +0jYA0-lknhE-00244-00057136-00057424 concept of +0jYA0-lknhE-00245-00057239-00057608 mental health that's identified by +0jYA0-lknhE-00246-00057424-00057800 maslow's hierarchy of need +0jYA0-lknhE-00247-00057608-00058032 and as i just talked about that +0jYA0-lknhE-00248-00057800-00058327 fulfillment or that need to +0jYA0-lknhE-00249-00058032-00058591 or desire to reach self-actualization as +0jYA0-lknhE-00250-00058327-00058744 a fulfillment of one's highest potential +0jYA0-lknhE-00251-00058591-00058936 and that's what you know technically +0jYA0-lknhE-00252-00058744-00059224 that's what we're all striving for +0jYA0-lknhE-00253-00058936-00059344 is to be the best that we can be um and +0jYA0-lknhE-00254-00059224-00059655 to move +0jYA0-lknhE-00255-00059344-00059879 from the level of +0jYA0-lknhE-00256-00059655-00060032 physiological needs are those basic +0jYA0-lknhE-00257-00059879-00060312 physiological needs +0jYA0-lknhE-00258-00060032-00060632 to move towards self-actualization where +0jYA0-lknhE-00259-00060312-00060632 you feel like you have +0jYA0-lknhE-00260-00060712-00061055 reached the highest point on the +0jYA0-lknhE-00261-00060936-00061407 pendulum +0jYA0-lknhE-00262-00061055-00061800 and you were able to do um +0jYA0-lknhE-00263-00061407-00062016 feel fulfilled in everything that you do +0jYA0-lknhE-00264-00061800-00062176 so again we're going back to this mental +0jYA0-lknhE-00265-00062016-00062264 health definition you can see it's going +0jYA0-lknhE-00266-00062176-00062560 to be important +0jYA0-lknhE-00267-00062264-00062800 it's the successful adaptation to +0jYA0-lknhE-00268-00062560-00062879 stressors from the internal and external +0jYA0-lknhE-00269-00062800-00063104 environment +0jYA0-lknhE-00270-00062879-00063204 it's evidenced by thoughts feelings and +0jYA0-lknhE-00271-00063104-00063495 behaviors that are +0jYA0-lknhE-00272-00063204-00063624 age-appropriate and congruent with local +0jYA0-lknhE-00273-00063495-00063944 and cultural norms +0jYA0-lknhE-00274-00063624-00064055 so what does it mean to be successfully +0jYA0-lknhE-00275-00063944-00064344 adapted +0jYA0-lknhE-00276-00064055-00064455 um those are things that you begin to +0jYA0-lknhE-00277-00064344-00064760 think about and you say +0jYA0-lknhE-00278-00064455-00065064 hmm how do i know that i have +0jYA0-lknhE-00279-00064760-00065320 adapted into society well or +0jYA0-lknhE-00280-00065064-00065648 or i've successfully adapted so does +0jYA0-lknhE-00281-00065320-00065648 that mean that you are +0jYA0-lknhE-00282-00065727-00066400 having thoughts that are um +0jYA0-lknhE-00283-00066072-00066680 in line with the society around you +0jYA0-lknhE-00284-00066400-00066768 does that mean that um there's no +0jYA0-lknhE-00285-00066680-00066968 internal +0jYA0-lknhE-00286-00066768-00067095 struggle you know as nurses we always +0jYA0-lknhE-00287-00066968-00067424 talk about our good +0jYA0-lknhE-00288-00067095-00067607 reaction or how we how we +0jYA0-lknhE-00289-00067424-00067832 feel about something in a certain way or +0jYA0-lknhE-00290-00067607-00067983 we know that there's +0jYA0-lknhE-00291-00067832-00068144 something that's going to happen because +0jYA0-lknhE-00292-00067983-00068320 of this good reaction +0jYA0-lknhE-00293-00068144-00068520 so you think about that successful +0jYA0-lknhE-00294-00068320-00068736 adaptation to stressors +0jYA0-lknhE-00295-00068520-00068904 um remember a few minutes ago i +0jYA0-lknhE-00296-00068736-00069320 mentioned to you about +0jYA0-lknhE-00297-00068904-00069551 grief and grief is a natural process +0jYA0-lknhE-00298-00069320-00069624 that occurs when something happens and +0jYA0-lknhE-00299-00069551-00069768 it is +0jYA0-lknhE-00300-00069624-00069968 you know oftentimes i think we think +0jYA0-lknhE-00301-00069768-00070160 about grief with death and dying +0jYA0-lknhE-00302-00069968-00070312 but that's not it the loss of a job +0jYA0-lknhE-00303-00070160-00070639 causes grief +0jYA0-lknhE-00304-00070312-00070872 um now if i successfully adapt +0jYA0-lknhE-00305-00070639-00071024 to that grief what's going to happen i'm +0jYA0-lknhE-00306-00070872-00071320 trying to give you an example here +0jYA0-lknhE-00307-00071024-00071527 what's going to happen i may be in a +0jYA0-lknhE-00308-00071320-00071863 state of um +0jYA0-lknhE-00309-00071527-00072176 discomfort uneasiness uh +0jYA0-lknhE-00310-00071863-00072527 some might even say depression for a few +0jYA0-lknhE-00311-00072176-00072807 weeks related to the loss of my job +0jYA0-lknhE-00312-00072527-00073000 but do i get to a point that i can say +0jYA0-lknhE-00313-00072807-00073392 i've lost my job +0jYA0-lknhE-00314-00073000-00073632 um you know whatever the reason was +0jYA0-lknhE-00315-00073392-00073872 now i need to move on and i start +0jYA0-lknhE-00316-00073632-00074168 looking for another job +0jYA0-lknhE-00317-00073872-00074288 that would be a normal response for most +0jYA0-lknhE-00318-00074168-00074551 people +0jYA0-lknhE-00319-00074288-00074695 what would be abnormally is you lose +0jYA0-lknhE-00320-00074551-00075048 your job +0jYA0-lknhE-00321-00074695-00075224 and you give up you know you're like +0jYA0-lknhE-00322-00075048-00075383 i can't find another job i'm never going +0jYA0-lknhE-00323-00075224-00075560 to be able to find another job +0jYA0-lknhE-00324-00075383-00075751 so when you start thinking of something +0jYA0-lknhE-00325-00075560-00076056 and that's putting it very simple +0jYA0-lknhE-00326-00075751-00076168 in very simple terms but that would be a +0jYA0-lknhE-00327-00076056-00076407 stressor that +0jYA0-lknhE-00328-00076168-00076495 job loss would be a stressor that then +0jYA0-lknhE-00329-00076407-00076912 has caused +0jYA0-lknhE-00330-00076495-00077160 um feelings that you're not getting over +0jYA0-lknhE-00331-00076912-00077248 and so we now have moved from mental +0jYA0-lknhE-00332-00077160-00077592 health +0jYA0-lknhE-00333-00077248-00077839 which is where you can um +0jYA0-lknhE-00334-00077592-00077960 have feelings that are age-appropriate +0jYA0-lknhE-00335-00077839-00078216 and congruent +0jYA0-lknhE-00336-00077960-00078407 to something that is beginning to look +0jYA0-lknhE-00337-00078216-00078783 like the realm of mental illness +0jYA0-lknhE-00338-00078407-00078783 which will be on our next slide +0jYA0-lknhE-00339-00078824-00079200 now horowitz um says that there or he +0jYA0-lknhE-00340-00079072-00079504 describes that there are two +0jYA0-lknhE-00341-00079200-00079551 elements that affect um how individuals +0jYA0-lknhE-00342-00079504-00079939 feel +0jYA0-lknhE-00343-00079551-00080168 view mental illness one is the comfort +0jYA0-lknhE-00344-00079939-00080392 incomprehensibility is that ability of +0jYA0-lknhE-00345-00080168-00080656 the general population to understand the +0jYA0-lknhE-00346-00080392-00081007 motivation behind a particular behavior +0jYA0-lknhE-00347-00080656-00081336 so almost throw an example out there um +0jYA0-lknhE-00348-00081007-00081639 if you see someone +0jYA0-lknhE-00349-00081336-00081919 acting erratic but you have +0jYA0-lknhE-00350-00081639-00081992 no clue as to why they're acting in that +0jYA0-lknhE-00351-00081919-00082160 manner +0jYA0-lknhE-00352-00081992-00082327 what would you think you know what would +0jYA0-lknhE-00353-00082160-00082480 come to your mind you'd be like +0jYA0-lknhE-00354-00082327-00082656 why in the world is that person acting +0jYA0-lknhE-00355-00082480-00082936 like that um +0jYA0-lknhE-00356-00082656-00083183 or you know if you're a person who's who +0jYA0-lknhE-00357-00082936-00083512 doesn't know anyone who's ever had a +0jYA0-lknhE-00358-00083183-00083616 substance abuse problem um you know you +0jYA0-lknhE-00359-00083512-00083856 may say +0jYA0-lknhE-00360-00083616-00083960 why in the world would they choose drugs +0jYA0-lknhE-00361-00083856-00084332 you know if you +0jYA0-lknhE-00362-00083960-00084672 it may be a hard concept so that's that +0jYA0-lknhE-00363-00084332-00084848 incomprehensibility is you know +0jYA0-lknhE-00364-00084672-00084992 i can't understand why somebody would +0jYA0-lknhE-00365-00084848-00085136 choose to go down the path that they +0jYA0-lknhE-00366-00084992-00085448 choose to go down to +0jYA0-lknhE-00367-00085136-00085519 go down and then you the other concept +0jYA0-lknhE-00368-00085448-00085727 of that is +0jYA0-lknhE-00369-00085519-00085992 cultural relativity and that's the +0jYA0-lknhE-00370-00085727-00086256 normality of behavior is determined by +0jYA0-lknhE-00371-00085992-00086416 culture so there are things that i'm +0jYA0-lknhE-00372-00086256-00086632 sure that if you go back and think about +0jYA0-lknhE-00373-00086416-00086888 your trans cultural nursing class +0jYA0-lknhE-00374-00086632-00087063 that um when you were studying different +0jYA0-lknhE-00375-00086888-00087448 cultures you were like +0jYA0-lknhE-00376-00087063-00087760 i can't believe that they do that um +0jYA0-lknhE-00377-00087448-00087839 for example and this has nothing really +0jYA0-lknhE-00378-00087760-00088048 to do with the +0jYA0-lknhE-00379-00087839-00088200 mental illness side but i'm gonna throw +0jYA0-lknhE-00380-00088048-00088560 this example out there is +0jYA0-lknhE-00381-00088200-00088880 um that there are cultures that +0jYA0-lknhE-00382-00088560-00089127 in western society we typically will +0jYA0-lknhE-00383-00088880-00089256 a lady has a baby and the placenta is +0jYA0-lknhE-00384-00089127-00089327 discarded and i'm using that because +0jYA0-lknhE-00385-00089256-00089632 y'all just +0jYA0-lknhE-00386-00089327-00089816 finished up ob and pete um but there are +0jYA0-lknhE-00387-00089632-00090000 other cultures where the placenta is +0jYA0-lknhE-00388-00089816-00090207 cooked and ate by the family +0jYA0-lknhE-00389-00090000-00090400 there's other cultures that the placenta +0jYA0-lknhE-00390-00090207-00090736 is actually planted +0jYA0-lknhE-00391-00090400-00091032 um you know in the yard +0jYA0-lknhE-00392-00090736-00091263 or something um because it's supposed to +0jYA0-lknhE-00393-00091032-00091263 bring +0jYA0-lknhE-00394-00091312-00091863 life abundance of life to the family +0jYA0-lknhE-00395-00091719-00092032 so when you start thinking about +0jYA0-lknhE-00396-00091863-00092344 cultural relativity +0jYA0-lknhE-00397-00092032-00092616 um what's normal in one culture may be +0jYA0-lknhE-00398-00092344-00092688 very abnormal in another culture and how +0jYA0-lknhE-00399-00092616-00092960 does that +0jYA0-lknhE-00400-00092688-00093048 tie in them with the view of mental +0jYA0-lknhE-00401-00092960-00093368 illness +0jYA0-lknhE-00402-00093048-00093688 so even individuals seeking +0jYA0-lknhE-00403-00093368-00094024 out women seeking out treatment +0jYA0-lknhE-00404-00093688-00094360 during menopause for hot flashes +0jYA0-lknhE-00405-00094024-00094607 um versus when women who choose +0jYA0-lknhE-00406-00094360-00094792 not to because of a culture believe it's +0jYA0-lknhE-00407-00094607-00094912 you know it's off the men said +0jYA0-lknhE-00408-00094792-00095039 well i mean i'm gonna have to go through +0jYA0-lknhE-00409-00094912-00095200 the change i just gotta learn to deal +0jYA0-lknhE-00410-00095039-00095351 with it that's what my mama didn't need +0jYA0-lknhE-00411-00095200-00095432 you know nobody took any medicine for +0jYA0-lknhE-00412-00095351-00095600 that +0jYA0-lknhE-00413-00095432-00095751 so would you say that that person's +0jYA0-lknhE-00414-00095600-00096024 mentally ill well +0jYA0-lknhE-00415-00095751-00096063 no you probably wouldn't but that brings +0jYA0-lknhE-00416-00096024-00096456 up a +0jYA0-lknhE-00417-00096063-00096719 cultural aspect um +0jYA0-lknhE-00418-00096456-00096800 in native american cultures when people +0jYA0-lknhE-00419-00096719-00097072 talk about having +0jYA0-lknhE-00420-00096800-00097160 visions and hallucinating you know in +0jYA0-lknhE-00421-00097072-00097375 the +0jYA0-lknhE-00422-00097160-00097472 general realm of western society we +0jYA0-lknhE-00423-00097375-00097639 would say that +0jYA0-lknhE-00424-00097472-00097951 someone who's hallucinating or having +0jYA0-lknhE-00425-00097639-00098263 visions is definitely has +0jYA0-lknhE-00426-00097951-00098592 a mental illness going on but for +0jYA0-lknhE-00427-00098263-00098816 that culture um or the +0jYA0-lknhE-00428-00098592-00099056 and that particular group of individuals +0jYA0-lknhE-00429-00098816-00099344 that may be something that they look at +0jYA0-lknhE-00430-00099056-00099424 as those visions are actually something +0jYA0-lknhE-00431-00099344-00099648 spiritual +0jYA0-lknhE-00432-00099424-00099832 and very meaningful and so they would +0jYA0-lknhE-00433-00099648-00100192 not see that as a mental +0jYA0-lknhE-00434-00099832-00100392 illness but yet if as we +0jYA0-lknhE-00435-00100192-00100519 uh and as you'll learn this semester +0jYA0-lknhE-00436-00100392-00100736 when we start +0jYA0-lknhE-00437-00100519-00100912 asking people about hearing voices or +0jYA0-lknhE-00438-00100736-00101032 are they seeing things or are they +0jYA0-lknhE-00439-00100912-00101216 hallucinating +0jYA0-lknhE-00440-00101032-00101344 then we start looking at that as what's +0jYA0-lknhE-00441-00101216-00101719 going on with them because there's a +0jYA0-lknhE-00442-00101344-00101719 mental illness concept there +0jYA0-lknhE-00443-00101912-00102239 so how do we define mental uh illness +0jYA0-lknhE-00444-00102168-00102455 well +0jYA0-lknhE-00445-00102239-00102752 another way that is defined is that it's +0jYA0-lknhE-00446-00102455-00102952 a maladaptive response to stressors +0jYA0-lknhE-00447-00102752-00103200 from the internal or external +0jYA0-lknhE-00448-00102952-00103383 environment that's evidenced by thoughts +0jYA0-lknhE-00449-00103200-00103511 feelings and behaviors that are +0jYA0-lknhE-00450-00103383-00103783 incongruent +0jYA0-lknhE-00451-00103511-00103952 with the local and cultural norms and +0jYA0-lknhE-00452-00103783-00104224 interfere with an individual's +0jYA0-lknhE-00453-00103952-00104311 social occupation and or physical +0jYA0-lknhE-00454-00104224-00104631 functioning +0jYA0-lknhE-00455-00104311-00104991 so we can um just think about something +0jYA0-lknhE-00456-00104631-00105232 real simple um substance abuse +0jYA0-lknhE-00457-00104991-00105408 you know you'll hear me because that +0jYA0-lknhE-00458-00105232-00105591 seems to be one that's +0jYA0-lknhE-00459-00105408-00105783 easy for people to understand right off +0jYA0-lknhE-00460-00105591-00106103 hand but when it starts +0jYA0-lknhE-00461-00105783-00106303 affecting your everyday ability to +0jYA0-lknhE-00462-00106103-00106720 interact in society +0jYA0-lknhE-00463-00106303-00107016 or to be considered quote unquote normal +0jYA0-lknhE-00464-00106720-00107079 in society or it interferes with your +0jYA0-lknhE-00465-00107016-00107288 physical +0jYA0-lknhE-00466-00107079-00107544 functioning then we start looking at +0jYA0-lknhE-00467-00107288-00107816 that as it's a maladaptive response +0jYA0-lknhE-00468-00107544-00108024 and there's something not right there +0jYA0-lknhE-00469-00107816-00108191 another maladaptive response +0jYA0-lknhE-00470-00108024-00108320 that we can think about um that we'll +0jYA0-lknhE-00471-00108191-00108400 talk about a little bit later in this +0jYA0-lknhE-00472-00108320-00108720 chapter +0jYA0-lknhE-00473-00108400-00108991 is grief so grief is a very +0jYA0-lknhE-00474-00108720-00109135 normal process the five stages of grief +0jYA0-lknhE-00475-00108991-00109440 are very normal +0jYA0-lknhE-00476-00109135-00109791 at a point when those stages +0jYA0-lknhE-00477-00109440-00109991 um go on for extended periods of time +0jYA0-lknhE-00478-00109791-00110208 then that's when we start looking at +0jYA0-lknhE-00479-00109991-00110544 this is how this individual is having +0jYA0-lknhE-00480-00110208-00110832 a maladaptive response um +0jYA0-lknhE-00481-00110544-00110864 they're in a depressed state possibly +0jYA0-lknhE-00482-00110832-00111135 for +0jYA0-lknhE-00483-00110864-00111240 long periods of time and so when we look +0jYA0-lknhE-00484-00111135-00111424 at that +0jYA0-lknhE-00485-00111240-00111552 that's beginning to look at the realm of +0jYA0-lknhE-00486-00111424-00112032 mental illness +0jYA0-lknhE-00487-00111552-00112032 rather than them being able to cope um +0jYA0-lknhE-00488-00112083-00112583 effectively +0jYA0-lknhE-00489-00112344-00112832 so as we look at the physical response +0jYA0-lknhE-00490-00112583-00113016 to stress that physical response is the +0jYA0-lknhE-00491-00112832-00113320 manifestation by specific +0jYA0-lknhE-00492-00113016-00113600 syndrome which consists of all +0jYA0-lknhE-00493-00113320-00113735 the non-specifically induced changes +0jYA0-lknhE-00494-00113600-00114008 within a biologic +0jYA0-lknhE-00495-00113735-00114159 system so go back to what you learned a +0jYA0-lknhE-00496-00114008-00114396 long time ago +0jYA0-lknhE-00497-00114159-00114640 with your uh when you're studying your +0jYA0-lknhE-00498-00114396-00114859 neurocognitive things +0jYA0-lknhE-00499-00114640-00115128 and you were looking at in +0jYA0-lknhE-00500-00114859-00115224 pathophysiology how the brain reacts to +0jYA0-lknhE-00501-00115128-00115455 certain things +0jYA0-lknhE-00502-00115224-00115648 so we talk about this fight or flight +0jYA0-lknhE-00503-00115455-00115903 syndrome and what does that mean +0jYA0-lknhE-00504-00115648-00116111 that individual when something happens +0jYA0-lknhE-00505-00115903-00116472 some stress response happen +0jYA0-lknhE-00506-00116111-00116808 they either wanna stand up and +0jYA0-lknhE-00507-00116472-00116911 fight or they will want to run away from +0jYA0-lknhE-00508-00116808-00117311 the problem +0jYA0-lknhE-00509-00116911-00117576 and so that is you know that is a normal +0jYA0-lknhE-00510-00117311-00117752 syndrome that happens it's in that fight +0jYA0-lknhE-00511-00117576-00117896 or flight we all have it it comes at +0jYA0-lknhE-00512-00117752-00118224 certain times +0jYA0-lknhE-00513-00117896-00118528 when something's going on um +0jYA0-lknhE-00514-00118224-00118903 i would say an example that +0jYA0-lknhE-00515-00118528-00119167 you might um think about is +0jYA0-lknhE-00516-00118903-00119376 is someone so frightened that they're +0jYA0-lknhE-00517-00119167-00119655 paralyzed and they can't move +0jYA0-lknhE-00518-00119376-00119840 or does it happen so quickly that their +0jYA0-lknhE-00519-00119655-00120167 automatic reaction is to +0jYA0-lknhE-00520-00119840-00120255 run away get away um you know get out of +0jYA0-lknhE-00521-00120167-00120583 danger +0jYA0-lknhE-00522-00120255-00120655 so i can either stand up and face this +0jYA0-lknhE-00523-00120583-00120952 danger +0jYA0-lknhE-00524-00120655-00121048 or i can run away from it and that is +0jYA0-lknhE-00525-00120952-00121432 what happens when +0jYA0-lknhE-00526-00121048-00121615 our bodies become in a state of stress +0jYA0-lknhE-00527-00121432-00121903 so if you continue to think about that +0jYA0-lknhE-00528-00121615-00122015 adaptions adaptation syndrome that fight +0jYA0-lknhE-00529-00121903-00122232 or flight +0jYA0-lknhE-00530-00122015-00122472 um response there are three distinct +0jYA0-lknhE-00531-00122232-00122808 stages there's the alarm reaction +0jYA0-lknhE-00532-00122472-00122903 which is the fight or flight um initial +0jYA0-lknhE-00533-00122808-00123103 response +0jYA0-lknhE-00534-00122903-00123311 then there is the stage of resistance +0jYA0-lknhE-00535-00123103-00123591 and that stage of resistance +0jYA0-lknhE-00536-00123311-00123815 is the first stage is the person's +0jYA0-lknhE-00537-00123591-00124103 attempt to adapt to the stressor +0jYA0-lknhE-00538-00123815-00124320 if this adaptation occurs then stage +0jYA0-lknhE-00539-00124103-00124576 three the stage of exhaustion +0jYA0-lknhE-00540-00124320-00124832 is either prevented or it's delayed and +0jYA0-lknhE-00541-00124576-00125167 so the physiological symptoms may +0jYA0-lknhE-00542-00124832-00125352 go away they may disappear but if that +0jYA0-lknhE-00543-00125167-00125583 doesn't happen then we move into stage +0jYA0-lknhE-00544-00125352-00125800 three which is that state of exhaustion +0jYA0-lknhE-00545-00125583-00125888 and it is where that adaptive energy is +0jYA0-lknhE-00546-00125800-00126232 completely +0jYA0-lknhE-00547-00125888-00126544 depleted and the disease of adaptation +0jYA0-lknhE-00548-00126232-00126688 um must ensure and so what do you think +0jYA0-lknhE-00549-00126544-00126944 is going on there +0jYA0-lknhE-00550-00126688-00127152 that fight or flight is your norepine +0jYA0-lknhE-00551-00126944-00127391 norepinephrine and epinephrine +0jYA0-lknhE-00552-00127152-00127528 response so what would we see in that +0jYA0-lknhE-00553-00127391-00127720 initial reaction +0jYA0-lknhE-00554-00127528-00127896 we may see an increase in respiration +0jYA0-lknhE-00555-00127720-00127959 rate we may see an increase in heart +0jYA0-lknhE-00556-00127896-00128279 rate +0jYA0-lknhE-00557-00127959-00128488 um blood pressure may also um go up if +0jYA0-lknhE-00558-00128279-00128552 that is sustained for long periods of +0jYA0-lknhE-00559-00128488-00128679 time +0jYA0-lknhE-00560-00128552-00128855 then what happens that's when +0jYA0-lknhE-00561-00128679-00129072 glucogenesis occurs +0jYA0-lknhE-00562-00128855-00129272 there's an increased basal metabolic +0jYA0-lknhE-00563-00129072-00129448 rate and there's a decrease in your +0jYA0-lknhE-00564-00129272-00129624 sensations of sex hormones +0jYA0-lknhE-00565-00129448-00129791 so you don't have to go back and i'm not +0jYA0-lknhE-00566-00129624-00129928 spending a lot of time on that because +0jYA0-lknhE-00567-00129791-00130000 you've already had that in previous +0jYA0-lknhE-00568-00129928-00130272 courses +0jYA0-lknhE-00569-00130000-00130511 but think about what's going on with the +0jYA0-lknhE-00570-00130272-00130759 body during those physical responses to +0jYA0-lknhE-00571-00130511-00130759 stress +0jYA0-lknhE-00572-00130911-00131344 so again let's talk a little bit more +0jYA0-lknhE-00573-00131088-00131512 about that fight-or-flight syndrome +0jYA0-lknhE-00574-00131344-00131824 and what's occurring so what might you +0jYA0-lknhE-00575-00131512-00132064 see in that in the immediate response um +0jYA0-lknhE-00576-00131824-00132152 does the person's eyes does their pupils +0jYA0-lknhE-00577-00132064-00132432 dilate +0jYA0-lknhE-00578-00132152-00132615 um is there dilation of the bronicles +0jYA0-lknhE-00579-00132432-00132791 where we have this increased respiration +0jYA0-lknhE-00580-00132615-00133015 that we just talked about +0jYA0-lknhE-00581-00132791-00133112 is there an increased force of cardiac +0jYA0-lknhE-00582-00133015-00133360 contraction +0jYA0-lknhE-00583-00133112-00133472 which causes increased cardiac output +0jYA0-lknhE-00584-00133360-00133584 and the heart rate and the blood +0jYA0-lknhE-00585-00133472-00133776 pressure changes +0jYA0-lknhE-00586-00133584-00133920 and can go up you know does a person +0jYA0-lknhE-00587-00133776-00134120 even begin to talk about the +0jYA0-lknhE-00588-00133920-00134288 feelings of chest tightness and chest +0jYA0-lknhE-00589-00134120-00134608 pain um as +0jYA0-lknhE-00590-00134288-00134855 in in that response um there +0jYA0-lknhE-00591-00134608-00135008 is decreased gastric motility and +0jYA0-lknhE-00592-00134855-00135176 secretions that occur +0jYA0-lknhE-00593-00135008-00135360 so you may begin to see a person +0jYA0-lknhE-00594-00135176-00135472 complaining about some constipation +0jYA0-lknhE-00595-00135360-00135688 going on remember +0jYA0-lknhE-00596-00135472-00135952 we're talking about these physiolog +0jYA0-lknhE-00597-00135688-00136296 physiological responses to stress +0jYA0-lknhE-00598-00135952-00136440 um do they begin to perspire +0jYA0-lknhE-00599-00136296-00136640 you know is there an increase in +0jYA0-lknhE-00600-00136440-00136976 secretion from the sweat glands +0jYA0-lknhE-00601-00136640-00137072 what other responses as you're thinking +0jYA0-lknhE-00602-00136976-00137232 in your reading +0jYA0-lknhE-00603-00137072-00137464 you think you begin to think about what +0jYA0-lknhE-00604-00137232-00137672 you've previously learned +0jYA0-lknhE-00605-00137464-00137815 about that immediate response and that +0jYA0-lknhE-00606-00137672-00138048 sustained response +0jYA0-lknhE-00607-00137815-00138176 with the sustained response on the +0jYA0-lknhE-00608-00138048-00138432 physical responses of +0jYA0-lknhE-00609-00138176-00138684 stress occur after a long period of time +0jYA0-lknhE-00610-00138432-00138976 and that's what we're going to move into +0jYA0-lknhE-00611-00138684-00139208 next so if we see that there's a +0jYA0-lknhE-00612-00138976-00139320 sustained physical response to stress +0jYA0-lknhE-00613-00139208-00139503 that occurs +0jYA0-lknhE-00614-00139320-00139655 because there's been pro a prolonged +0jYA0-lknhE-00615-00139503-00139848 period of stress +0jYA0-lknhE-00616-00139655-00140072 and there's a um promoting +0jYA0-lknhE-00617-00139848-00140344 susceptibility to diseases +0jYA0-lknhE-00618-00140072-00140536 what do we know happens if the body is +0jYA0-lknhE-00619-00140344-00140767 responding to stress +0jYA0-lknhE-00620-00140536-00140840 and it stays that way for long periods +0jYA0-lknhE-00621-00140767-00141064 of time +0jYA0-lknhE-00622-00140840-00141184 do you think that your immune system is +0jYA0-lknhE-00623-00141064-00141408 just decreased +0jYA0-lknhE-00624-00141184-00141600 well we know that there is a decrease in +0jYA0-lknhE-00625-00141408-00142055 the immune system and the inflammatory +0jYA0-lknhE-00626-00141600-00142303 response related to acth +0jYA0-lknhE-00627-00142055-00142479 there is vasopressin that occurs so we +0jYA0-lknhE-00628-00142303-00142800 start building up fluid +0jYA0-lknhE-00629-00142479-00142927 fluid retention there's an increase in +0jYA0-lknhE-00630-00142800-00143215 blood pressure +0jYA0-lknhE-00631-00142927-00143479 um there is an increase in your sharing +0jYA0-lknhE-00632-00143215-00143679 glucose in your fatty acids that occur +0jYA0-lknhE-00633-00143479-00143903 so that growth hormone is beginning to +0jYA0-lknhE-00634-00143679-00144176 affect when you think about your +0jYA0-lknhE-00635-00143903-00144296 increased basal metallic rate you have +0jYA0-lknhE-00636-00144176-00144640 to think about your +0jYA0-lknhE-00637-00144296-00144864 um biotropic hormone responses +0jYA0-lknhE-00638-00144640-00145040 you also need to think about the +0jYA0-lknhE-00639-00144864-00145255 decrease in libido +0jYA0-lknhE-00640-00145040-00145367 so all these things when you're thinking +0jYA0-lknhE-00641-00145255-00145584 about stress +0jYA0-lknhE-00642-00145367-00145744 you may not initially think about those +0jYA0-lknhE-00643-00145584-00146088 physical responses +0jYA0-lknhE-00644-00145744-00146264 other than the the fight piece um +0jYA0-lknhE-00645-00146088-00146408 or the running away the fight or the +0jYA0-lknhE-00646-00146264-00146688 flight piece but +0jYA0-lknhE-00647-00146408-00146760 if that stress occurs for long periods +0jYA0-lknhE-00648-00146688-00146960 of time +0jYA0-lknhE-00649-00146760-00147127 then this body is going to become in a +0jYA0-lknhE-00650-00146960-00147336 weakened state +0jYA0-lknhE-00651-00147127-00147520 and that's where we have to start +0jYA0-lknhE-00652-00147336-00147632 thinking about what else is going on +0jYA0-lknhE-00653-00147520-00147848 with this person +0jYA0-lknhE-00654-00147632-00147944 so the person that i saw in the flight +0jYA0-lknhE-00655-00147848-00148248 mode +0jYA0-lknhE-00656-00147944-00148520 um or fight or flight the fight +0jYA0-lknhE-00657-00148248-00148703 mode is a very different individual than +0jYA0-lknhE-00658-00148520-00149064 i see in a person who +0jYA0-lknhE-00659-00148703-00149272 is responding after extended periods of +0jYA0-lknhE-00660-00149064-00149655 stress is going on with them they look +0jYA0-lknhE-00661-00149272-00149855 different so it's important to +0jYA0-lknhE-00662-00149655-00150064 understand the um +0jYA0-lknhE-00663-00149855-00150320 psychological responses to stress and +0jYA0-lknhE-00664-00150064-00150503 there are two primary psychological +0jYA0-lknhE-00665-00150320-00150712 response patterns to stress and those +0jYA0-lknhE-00666-00150503-00150927 would be anxiety and grief +0jYA0-lknhE-00667-00150712-00151040 and uh it comes in the forms of a +0jYA0-lknhE-00668-00150927-00151160 variety of thoughts +0jYA0-lknhE-00669-00151040-00151391 feelings and behaviors that are +0jYA0-lknhE-00670-00151160-00151544 associated which with each of these +0jYA0-lknhE-00671-00151391-00151815 response patterns +0jYA0-lknhE-00672-00151544-00151912 and then how we adapt uh and our +0jYA0-lknhE-00673-00151815-00152127 adaptation +0jYA0-lknhE-00674-00151912-00152215 is determined by the extent to which the +0jYA0-lknhE-00675-00152127-00152455 thoughts +0jYA0-lknhE-00676-00152215-00152672 feelings and behaviors interfere with an +0jYA0-lknhE-00677-00152455-00152920 individual's ability to function +0jYA0-lknhE-00678-00152672-00153112 and that is to function on a daily basis +0jYA0-lknhE-00679-00152920-00153391 so those are important things to +0jYA0-lknhE-00680-00153112-00153391 be thinking about +0jYA0-lknhE-00681-00153536-00153967 so let's talk for a moment about anxiety +0jYA0-lknhE-00682-00153767-00154232 anxiety is a feeling of discom +0jYA0-lknhE-00683-00153967-00154288 discomfort and apprehension related to +0jYA0-lknhE-00684-00154232-00154600 fear of +0jYA0-lknhE-00685-00154288-00154944 impending danger the individual may be +0jYA0-lknhE-00686-00154600-00155136 unaware of the source of this anxiety +0jYA0-lknhE-00687-00154944-00155248 but it's often accompanied by feelings +0jYA0-lknhE-00688-00155136-00155632 of uncertainty +0jYA0-lknhE-00689-00155248-00155712 and helplessness so i'm all um compare +0jYA0-lknhE-00690-00155632-00155960 this to that +0jYA0-lknhE-00691-00155712-00156240 good feeling that we have we know that +0jYA0-lknhE-00692-00155960-00156496 something may not be just right +0jYA0-lknhE-00693-00156240-00156736 and um so you know nurses will say what +0jYA0-lknhE-00694-00156496-00157015 my gut says blah blah blah +0jYA0-lknhE-00695-00156736-00157112 but you can become anxious about that +0jYA0-lknhE-00696-00157015-00157384 because it's +0jYA0-lknhE-00697-00157112-00157455 it's this sense that wait i mean it's +0jYA0-lknhE-00698-00157384-00157720 something just +0jYA0-lknhE-00699-00157455-00157808 as a kosher here and so you become +0jYA0-lknhE-00700-00157720-00158055 uncertain +0jYA0-lknhE-00701-00157808-00158120 and you feel helpless about what's going +0jYA0-lknhE-00702-00158055-00158415 on +0jYA0-lknhE-00703-00158120-00158512 um anxiety is extremely common in our +0jYA0-lknhE-00704-00158415-00158855 society +0jYA0-lknhE-00705-00158512-00159000 and uh and we see forms from very mild +0jYA0-lknhE-00706-00158855-00159336 anxiety +0jYA0-lknhE-00707-00159000-00159744 to uh panic attacks um which can be a +0jYA0-lknhE-00708-00159336-00160032 um you know a +0jYA0-lknhE-00709-00159744-00160232 a higher level of a form of anxiety but +0jYA0-lknhE-00710-00160032-00160479 we can go all the way up to severe +0jYA0-lknhE-00711-00160232-00160776 anxiety and severe anxiety +0jYA0-lknhE-00712-00160479-00160936 then extends to periods um for longer +0jYA0-lknhE-00713-00160776-00161248 periods of time +0jYA0-lknhE-00714-00160936-00161367 so we're starting off with a mild +0jYA0-lknhE-00715-00161248-00161679 anxiety which is an +0jYA0-lknhE-00716-00161367-00161872 adaptive is adaptive and can provide uh +0jYA0-lknhE-00717-00161679-00162055 motivation for survival so that's where +0jYA0-lknhE-00718-00161872-00162320 that mild anxiety comes from that's a +0jYA0-lknhE-00719-00162055-00162320 good thing +0jYA0-lknhE-00720-00162352-00162760 so when we think about pablo's four +0jYA0-lknhE-00721-00162615-00163008 levels of anxiety there's +0jYA0-lknhE-00722-00162760-00163072 mild that's seldom you have a problem +0jYA0-lknhE-00723-00163008-00163376 with it +0jYA0-lknhE-00724-00163072-00163679 there's moderate anxiety which is this +0jYA0-lknhE-00725-00163376-00163896 perceptual feel begins to diminish +0jYA0-lknhE-00726-00163679-00164112 there's severe anxiety where the +0jYA0-lknhE-00727-00163896-00164288 perceptual field diminishes greatly +0jYA0-lknhE-00728-00164112-00164512 and there's there's that panic state +0jYA0-lknhE-00729-00164288-00164760 which is the most intense state +0jYA0-lknhE-00730-00164512-00164912 and with panic anxiety the individual is +0jYA0-lknhE-00731-00164760-00165167 unable to focus +0jYA0-lknhE-00732-00164912-00165255 on even one detail within their +0jYA0-lknhE-00733-00165167-00165515 environment +0jYA0-lknhE-00734-00165255-00165639 they have misconceptions uh +0jYA0-lknhE-00735-00165515-00165864 misinterpretations +0jYA0-lknhE-00736-00165639-00166000 are common they have a loss of contact +0jYA0-lknhE-00737-00165864-00166272 with reality that can +0jYA0-lknhE-00738-00166000-00166439 occur this is also where we may get into +0jYA0-lknhE-00739-00166272-00166736 some hallucination +0jYA0-lknhE-00740-00166439-00166936 or delusions that may be present uh the +0jYA0-lknhE-00741-00166736-00167224 behavior can be characterized as +0jYA0-lknhE-00742-00166936-00167312 wild and desperate um their actions +0jYA0-lknhE-00743-00167224-00167615 become very +0jYA0-lknhE-00744-00167312-00167815 extreme they can withdraw when you think +0jYA0-lknhE-00745-00167615-00168024 about the human functioning pattern and +0jYA0-lknhE-00746-00167815-00168279 their communication +0jYA0-lknhE-00747-00168024-00168496 these often become ineffective the +0jYA0-lknhE-00748-00168279-00168727 individual may be convinced that they +0jYA0-lknhE-00749-00168496-00168960 have a life-threatening illness or their +0jYA0-lknhE-00750-00168727-00169032 fear that they're going crazy or there's +0jYA0-lknhE-00751-00168960-00169320 this +0jYA0-lknhE-00752-00169032-00169520 feeling of loss of total control um +0jYA0-lknhE-00753-00169320-00169832 they're emotionally weaked +0jYA0-lknhE-00754-00169520-00170112 prolonged panic anxiety can lead to both +0jYA0-lknhE-00755-00169832-00170184 physical and emotional exhaustion +0jYA0-lknhE-00756-00170112-00170464 exhaustion +0jYA0-lknhE-00757-00170184-00170560 and can be life threatening again hear +0jYA0-lknhE-00758-00170464-00170976 me there +0jYA0-lknhE-00759-00170560-00171312 prolonged panic anxiety +0jYA0-lknhE-00760-00170976-00171608 can be life threatening you +0jYA0-lknhE-00761-00171312-00171736 vote you wear yourself out both +0jYA0-lknhE-00762-00171608-00172072 physically +0jYA0-lknhE-00763-00171736-00172303 and emotionally i would know that +0jYA0-lknhE-00764-00172072-00172584 i would know that for uh even for +0jYA0-lknhE-00765-00172303-00172584 testing purposes +0jYA0-lknhE-00766-00172655-00172984 so as we talk about anxiety we have to +0jYA0-lknhE-00767-00172903-00173327 talk about +0jYA0-lknhE-00768-00172984-00173503 how we adapt on to the levels of anxiety +0jYA0-lknhE-00769-00173327-00173760 and so if you think about at the mild +0jYA0-lknhE-00770-00173503-00173815 level in the individual can employ a +0jYA0-lknhE-00771-00173760-00174064 variety +0jYA0-lknhE-00772-00173815-00174312 of coping mechanisms to deal with stress +0jYA0-lknhE-00773-00174064-00174624 a few of these including mine +0jYA0-lknhE-00774-00174312-00174976 is eating so we have people that become +0jYA0-lknhE-00775-00174624-00175248 anxious and they eat um and +0jYA0-lknhE-00776-00174976-00175415 they may go on almost like binges of +0jYA0-lknhE-00777-00175248-00175615 eating you know they eat +0jYA0-lknhE-00778-00175415-00175720 and they really don't even realize how +0jYA0-lknhE-00779-00175615-00175967 much they're eating +0jYA0-lknhE-00780-00175720-00176079 um there are people that will drink +0jYA0-lknhE-00781-00175967-00176320 they're people that +0jYA0-lknhE-00782-00176079-00176624 will sleep for long periods of time +0jYA0-lknhE-00783-00176320-00176791 there are people that cope with anxiety +0jYA0-lknhE-00784-00176624-00176960 the mild form of anxiety through +0jYA0-lknhE-00785-00176791-00177191 physical exercise +0jYA0-lknhE-00786-00176960-00177279 and so when we're looking at it from a +0jYA0-lknhE-00787-00177191-00177600 mild +0jYA0-lknhE-00788-00177279-00177855 standpoint um these coping mechanisms +0jYA0-lknhE-00789-00177600-00178055 can be small now we're not talking about +0jYA0-lknhE-00790-00177855-00178144 you know i laughed and said eating that +0jYA0-lknhE-00791-00178055-00178367 would be me +0jYA0-lknhE-00792-00178144-00178591 we're not talking about eating to the +0jYA0-lknhE-00793-00178367-00178896 point that you make yourself sick +0jYA0-lknhE-00794-00178591-00179008 um but people eat because of an +0jYA0-lknhE-00795-00178896-00179224 emotional +0jYA0-lknhE-00796-00179008-00179327 there's an emotional tie that may be +0jYA0-lknhE-00797-00179224-00179703 there food +0jYA0-lknhE-00798-00179327-00180008 can be comforting to someone um +0jYA0-lknhE-00799-00179703-00180136 you know of course drinking um and we +0jYA0-lknhE-00800-00180008-00180288 don't we're not talking about drinking +0jYA0-lknhE-00801-00180136-00180591 to excess +0jYA0-lknhE-00802-00180288-00181000 um other things that people can do is +0jYA0-lknhE-00803-00180591-00181239 um snapping their fingers or um +0jYA0-lknhE-00804-00181000-00181448 i didn't realize it for a long time +0jYA0-lknhE-00805-00181239-00181527 until i had a colleague at work tell me +0jYA0-lknhE-00806-00181448-00181703 one time +0jYA0-lknhE-00807-00181527-00181879 she said you're driving me crazy with +0jYA0-lknhE-00808-00181703-00181976 that pen and i wouldn't even realize +0jYA0-lknhE-00809-00181879-00182127 that i was doing it +0jYA0-lknhE-00810-00181976-00182327 but i would be clicking i would be +0jYA0-lknhE-00811-00182127-00182503 sitting and clicking the pen +0jYA0-lknhE-00812-00182327-00182679 you know just clicking it up and down up +0jYA0-lknhE-00813-00182503-00182848 and down up and down and she said oh my +0jYA0-lknhE-00814-00182679-00183024 god it's driving me crazy and it wasn't +0jYA0-lknhE-00815-00182848-00183272 until she pointed it out to me +0jYA0-lknhE-00816-00183024-00183376 that i even realized that i was doing it +0jYA0-lknhE-00817-00183272-00183760 um +0jYA0-lknhE-00818-00183376-00183815 you know stress can be body movements as +0jYA0-lknhE-00819-00183760-00184048 well +0jYA0-lknhE-00820-00183815-00184136 so those are things that you begin to +0jYA0-lknhE-00821-00184048-00184360 think about +0jYA0-lknhE-00822-00184136-00184448 now an important thing is how does those +0jYA0-lknhE-00823-00184360-00184767 coping +0jYA0-lknhE-00824-00184448-00184912 uh behaviors enhance one of one's +0jYA0-lknhE-00825-00184767-00185152 ability to adapt +0jYA0-lknhE-00826-00184912-00185232 to a certain environment or to the to +0jYA0-lknhE-00827-00185152-00185415 the level +0jYA0-lknhE-00828-00185232-00185591 level of anxiety that they're dealing +0jYA0-lknhE-00829-00185415-00185896 with +0jYA0-lknhE-00830-00185591-00186144 so one way a person may um adapt with +0jYA0-lknhE-00831-00185896-00186479 that anxiety or that level of stress +0jYA0-lknhE-00832-00186144-00186784 is the ego defense mechanism and that's +0jYA0-lknhE-00833-00186479-00187127 very common in mild to moderate anxiety +0jYA0-lknhE-00834-00186784-00187232 and it's it's can include um denial of +0jYA0-lknhE-00835-00187127-00187624 something +0jYA0-lknhE-00836-00187232-00187976 um you know forms of isolation +0jYA0-lknhE-00837-00187624-00188320 sometimes you project um on others +0jYA0-lknhE-00838-00187976-00188415 and those things are fairly common for +0jYA0-lknhE-00839-00188320-00188600 us to do +0jYA0-lknhE-00840-00188415-00188791 and it's at that mild to moderate level +0jYA0-lknhE-00841-00188600-00189144 that the strength of the ego is actually +0jYA0-lknhE-00842-00188791-00189200 tested um remember that our ego defense +0jYA0-lknhE-00843-00189144-00189391 mechanism +0jYA0-lknhE-00844-00189200-00189600 and you should learn this way back in +0jYA0-lknhE-00845-00189391-00189815 studying ericsson +0jYA0-lknhE-00846-00189600-00189903 and stages of development and those kind +0jYA0-lknhE-00847-00189815-00190320 of things +0jYA0-lknhE-00848-00189903-00190655 um was that we employ these +0jYA0-lknhE-00849-00190320-00190736 for some form of protection for +0jYA0-lknhE-00850-00190655-00191015 ourselves +0jYA0-lknhE-00851-00190736-00191200 okay and so you may actually see on +0jYA0-lknhE-00852-00191015-00191432 these mechanisms when you're +0jYA0-lknhE-00853-00191200-00191615 observing in the clinical setting um +0jYA0-lknhE-00854-00191432-00191703 with your classmates with family or +0jYA0-lknhE-00855-00191615-00192015 friends +0jYA0-lknhE-00856-00191703-00192327 um and so you begin to think about +0jYA0-lknhE-00857-00192015-00192639 well why is this important why is this +0jYA0-lknhE-00858-00192327-00192927 this particular defense mechanism um the +0jYA0-lknhE-00859-00192639-00193224 mechanism that that individual is using +0jYA0-lknhE-00860-00192927-00193303 and you know how did how are they +0jYA0-lknhE-00861-00193224-00193712 adapting +0jYA0-lknhE-00862-00193303-00193712 um on a everyday basis +0jYA0-lknhE-00863-00193936-00194279 so here we go if you look at the ego +0jYA0-lknhE-00864-00194103-00194400 defense mechanisms um there's +0jYA0-lknhE-00865-00194279-00194584 compensation +0jYA0-lknhE-00866-00194400-00194791 there's denial there's displacement +0jYA0-lknhE-00867-00194584-00195055 there's identification +0jYA0-lknhE-00868-00194791-00195272 you intellectualize something there's +0jYA0-lknhE-00869-00195055-00195464 introjection and isolation +0jYA0-lknhE-00870-00195272-00195576 and or projection that we just talked +0jYA0-lknhE-00871-00195464-00195855 about +0jYA0-lknhE-00872-00195576-00196096 are you rationalizing something is there +0jYA0-lknhE-00873-00195855-00196415 a reaction formation +0jYA0-lknhE-00874-00196096-00196784 do you actually regress and go back to a +0jYA0-lknhE-00875-00196415-00197096 another state uh are you repressing +0jYA0-lknhE-00876-00196784-00197320 feelings um or suppressing +0jYA0-lknhE-00877-00197096-00197432 something you know even suppressing the +0jYA0-lknhE-00878-00197320-00197712 desire to +0jYA0-lknhE-00879-00197432-00197736 act in a certain way and then is there +0jYA0-lknhE-00880-00197712-00198055 an +0jYA0-lknhE-00881-00197736-00198103 undoing of things and so those things +0jYA0-lknhE-00882-00198055-00198344 become +0jYA0-lknhE-00883-00198103-00198512 important as we're thinking about the +0jYA0-lknhE-00884-00198344-00199015 clients that we may +0jYA0-lknhE-00885-00198512-00199296 be seeing um in the clinical setting +0jYA0-lknhE-00886-00199015-00199503 so if you look on page seven in your +0jYA0-lknhE-00887-00199296-00199688 text there is a table there with those +0jYA0-lknhE-00888-00199503-00199912 ego defense mechanisms +0jYA0-lknhE-00889-00199688-00199991 um that you'll want to spend some time +0jYA0-lknhE-00890-00199912-00200296 just +0jYA0-lknhE-00891-00199991-00200448 looking at um and so that you'll have a +0jYA0-lknhE-00892-00200296-00200608 better understand so when you think +0jYA0-lknhE-00893-00200448-00200951 about compensation +0jYA0-lknhE-00894-00200608-00201112 you know um is it covering up a real or +0jYA0-lknhE-00895-00200951-00201400 perceived weakness +0jYA0-lknhE-00896-00201112-00201551 denial do we refuse to acknowledge the +0jYA0-lknhE-00897-00201400-00201848 existence of something +0jYA0-lknhE-00898-00201551-00201936 um displacement are we transferring our +0jYA0-lknhE-00899-00201848-00202224 feelings +0jYA0-lknhE-00900-00201936-00202360 uh onto someone else or targeting +0jYA0-lknhE-00901-00202224-00202584 someone else +0jYA0-lknhE-00902-00202360-00202767 with the intellectualization it's an +0jYA0-lknhE-00903-00202584-00203015 attempt to avoid expressing +0jYA0-lknhE-00904-00202767-00203224 actual emotions associated with +0jYA0-lknhE-00905-00203015-00203576 stressful situations +0jYA0-lknhE-00906-00203224-00203776 um isolation do we separate a thought or +0jYA0-lknhE-00907-00203576-00204079 a memory from a feeling +0jYA0-lknhE-00908-00203776-00204376 tone or emotion projection are you +0jYA0-lknhE-00909-00204079-00204688 attributing that feeling or that impulse +0jYA0-lknhE-00910-00204376-00204807 um that's unacceptable to oneself or to +0jYA0-lknhE-00911-00204688-00205087 another person +0jYA0-lknhE-00912-00204807-00205191 so go over that table re read through +0jYA0-lknhE-00913-00205087-00205359 that table +0jYA0-lknhE-00914-00205191-00205535 um just so that you have a better +0jYA0-lknhE-00915-00205359-00205615 understanding of the ego defense +0jYA0-lknhE-00916-00205535-00205776 mechanisms +0jYA0-lknhE-00917-00205615-00206183 and like i said you should have already +0jYA0-lknhE-00918-00205776-00206183 had that this should be a review for you +0jYA0-lknhE-00919-00206223-00206656 so when anxiety moves to the moderate to +0jYA0-lknhE-00920-00206471-00206880 severe level this is the +0jYA0-lknhE-00921-00206656-00207096 that state of where it remains +0jYA0-lknhE-00922-00206880-00207167 unresolved over an extended period of +0jYA0-lknhE-00923-00207096-00207383 time +0jYA0-lknhE-00924-00207167-00207552 and it can contribute to a number of +0jYA0-lknhE-00925-00207383-00207807 physiological disorders +0jYA0-lknhE-00926-00207552-00208039 remember how we talked about that severe +0jYA0-lknhE-00927-00207807-00208271 anxiety could be life-threatening +0jYA0-lknhE-00928-00208039-00208571 so um go back to that when that's +0jYA0-lknhE-00929-00208271-00208863 extended periods of time you get some +0jYA0-lknhE-00930-00208571-00209048 psychoneurotic responses such as that +0jYA0-lknhE-00931-00208863-00209223 with anxiety disorders +0jYA0-lknhE-00932-00209048-00209407 somatic syndrome disorders or +0jYA0-lknhE-00933-00209223-00209600 dissociative disorders +0jYA0-lknhE-00934-00209407-00209800 some common characters of individuals +0jYA0-lknhE-00935-00209600-00210119 with neurosis include +0jYA0-lknhE-00936-00209800-00210223 they are um they are aware that they are +0jYA0-lknhE-00937-00210119-00210464 feeling +0jYA0-lknhE-00938-00210223-00210671 experiencing the stress they're aware +0jYA0-lknhE-00939-00210464-00211011 that their behaviors are maladaptive +0jYA0-lknhE-00940-00210671-00211359 they're unaware of any possible +0jYA0-lknhE-00941-00211011-00211528 physiological or psychological causes of +0jYA0-lknhE-00942-00211359-00211696 the distress so they're unaware of any +0jYA0-lknhE-00943-00211528-00211800 possible psychological causes of +0jYA0-lknhE-00944-00211696-00212007 distress +0jYA0-lknhE-00945-00211800-00212128 they feel helpless to change their +0jYA0-lknhE-00946-00212007-00212432 situation +0jYA0-lknhE-00947-00212128-00212744 and they experience no loss of contact +0jYA0-lknhE-00948-00212432-00212976 with reality so as this progresses +0jYA0-lknhE-00949-00212744-00213304 remember we're moving from this +0jYA0-lknhE-00950-00212976-00213456 mild um anxiety to moderate to severe +0jYA0-lknhE-00951-00213304-00213656 levels of anxiety +0jYA0-lknhE-00952-00213456-00213807 we can have these things that are going +0jYA0-lknhE-00953-00213656-00213992 on and this +0jYA0-lknhE-00954-00213807-00214128 this is where we start getting into that +0jYA0-lknhE-00955-00213992-00214352 life-threatening +0jYA0-lknhE-00956-00214128-00214640 um situations if we don't get this +0jYA0-lknhE-00957-00214352-00214640 behavior changed +0jYA0-lknhE-00958-00214671-00215104 so you remember earlier we talked about +0jYA0-lknhE-00959-00214848-00215280 that on panic level that can relate to +0jYA0-lknhE-00960-00215104-00215535 those hallucinations +0jYA0-lknhE-00961-00215280-00215783 um those kind of things so we start to +0jYA0-lknhE-00962-00215535-00215856 see some psychosis building again you +0jYA0-lknhE-00963-00215783-00216192 see +0jYA0-lknhE-00964-00215856-00216311 this is now becoming a severe problem +0jYA0-lknhE-00965-00216192-00216559 it's not just +0jYA0-lknhE-00966-00216311-00216623 a mild case of something it's moved to +0jYA0-lknhE-00967-00216559-00216959 um +0jYA0-lknhE-00968-00216623-00217344 a high severity level um +0jYA0-lknhE-00969-00216959-00217664 they exhibit individuals that are in um +0jYA0-lknhE-00970-00217344-00217856 psychosis can exhibit minimal distress +0jYA0-lknhE-00971-00217664-00217992 they're unaware that their behavior is +0jYA0-lknhE-00972-00217856-00218335 even maladaptive +0jYA0-lknhE-00973-00217992-00218423 they're unaware of any um psychological +0jYA0-lknhE-00974-00218335-00218719 problems +0jYA0-lknhE-00975-00218423-00218856 they're they are exhibiting a flight +0jYA0-lknhE-00976-00218719-00219167 from reality +0jYA0-lknhE-00977-00218856-00219207 into less stressful world and one that +0jYA0-lknhE-00978-00219167-00219623 uh +0jYA0-lknhE-00979-00219207-00219864 and a world that is excuse me +0jYA0-lknhE-00980-00219623-00219935 one in which they begin to attempt to +0jYA0-lknhE-00981-00219864-00220167 adapt +0jYA0-lknhE-00982-00219935-00220407 so think about this and say they have +0jYA0-lknhE-00983-00220167-00220496 moved from reality to non-reality and +0jYA0-lknhE-00984-00220407-00220896 they're trying to +0jYA0-lknhE-00985-00220496-00221176 adapt into that non-real state +0jYA0-lknhE-00986-00220896-00221319 so some examples of psychosis would be +0jYA0-lknhE-00987-00221176-00221576 um schizophrenia +0jYA0-lknhE-00988-00221319-00221807 schizoaffective and delusional disorders +0jYA0-lknhE-00989-00221576-00221848 which we will all talk about later um as +0jYA0-lknhE-00990-00221807-00222176 we +0jYA0-lknhE-00991-00221848-00222176 progress through this semester +0jYA0-lknhE-00992-00222200-00222592 so earlier on in the lecture i talked +0jYA0-lknhE-00993-00222423-00222704 about um grief and how we're going to +0jYA0-lknhE-00994-00222592-00222919 talk about grief +0jYA0-lknhE-00995-00222704-00223119 and there's five stages of grief and we +0jYA0-lknhE-00996-00222919-00223376 typically look at kubler-ross +0jYA0-lknhE-00997-00223119-00223496 um five stages of grief that's the most +0jYA0-lknhE-00998-00223376-00223816 common that we see +0jYA0-lknhE-00999-00223496-00223848 denial being um one of those stages now +0jYA0-lknhE-01000-00223816-00224152 we +0jYA0-lknhE-01001-00223848-00224200 we we tend to list them in these one two +0jYA0-lknhE-01002-00224152-00224407 three four +0jYA0-lknhE-01003-00224200-00224623 five order but i just want you to know +0jYA0-lknhE-01004-00224407-00224728 that stages of grief can actually come +0jYA0-lknhE-01005-00224623-00224919 in any order +0jYA0-lknhE-01006-00224728-00225104 so if you think about denial it's the +0jYA0-lknhE-01007-00224919-00225311 stage of disbelief +0jYA0-lknhE-01008-00225104-00225407 in which the reality of loss is not +0jYA0-lknhE-01009-00225311-00225840 acknowledged +0jYA0-lknhE-01010-00225407-00226200 so um let's just say someone who gets a +0jYA0-lknhE-01011-00225840-00226519 diagnosis of cancer um and +0jYA0-lknhE-01012-00226200-00226816 everything's clear you know it's very +0jYA0-lknhE-01013-00226519-00227088 evident that the cancer is there but yet +0jYA0-lknhE-01014-00226816-00227152 they are denying that they have it they +0jYA0-lknhE-01015-00227088-00227383 don't want to +0jYA0-lknhE-01016-00227152-00227544 face that reality so they're in that +0jYA0-lknhE-01017-00227383-00227864 stage of denial +0jYA0-lknhE-01018-00227544-00228192 uh then there comes a stage of anger +0jYA0-lknhE-01019-00227864-00228288 um again like i said these these can be +0jYA0-lknhE-01020-00228192-00228423 mixed up +0jYA0-lknhE-01021-00228288-00228664 they don't have to come in a specific +0jYA0-lknhE-01022-00228423-00228976 order but there's a stage of anger +0jYA0-lknhE-01023-00228664-00229056 um and that's that stage when envy and +0jYA0-lknhE-01024-00228976-00229423 resentment +0jYA0-lknhE-01025-00229056-00229807 take place um so the individual +0jYA0-lknhE-01026-00229423-00229976 is just mad uh mad about what's going on +0jYA0-lknhE-01027-00229807-00230200 then there's that bargaining staging you +0jYA0-lknhE-01028-00229976-00230519 know for years i've i've used this +0jYA0-lknhE-01029-00230200-00230583 um as the example for bargaining lord if +0jYA0-lknhE-01030-00230519-00230792 you'll just +0jYA0-lknhE-01031-00230583-00230896 let me live you know because i was +0jYA0-lknhE-01032-00230792-00231064 talking about cancer +0jYA0-lknhE-01033-00230896-00231271 so lord if you'll just let me live to +0jYA0-lknhE-01034-00231064-00231656 see my child graduate +0jYA0-lknhE-01035-00231271-00232064 um or if i can just do this +0jYA0-lknhE-01036-00231656-00232376 if i can just make it until +0jYA0-lknhE-01037-00232064-00232528 my child is five or my child turns 18 +0jYA0-lknhE-01038-00232376-00232696 where i know that they're going to be +0jYA0-lknhE-01039-00232528-00232983 able to take care of themselves +0jYA0-lknhE-01040-00232696-00233080 so now we're we're in this stage of um +0jYA0-lknhE-01041-00232983-00233392 bargaining with +0jYA0-lknhE-01042-00233080-00233800 with somebody typically a higher power +0jYA0-lknhE-01043-00233392-00234144 um we may begin to make promises um +0jYA0-lknhE-01044-00233800-00234416 to try to reverse or postpone this loss +0jYA0-lknhE-01045-00234144-00234544 uh i'll do better you know if you'll let +0jYA0-lknhE-01046-00234416-00234800 this go away +0jYA0-lknhE-01047-00234544-00234944 um then there's that stage of depression +0jYA0-lknhE-01048-00234800-00235000 and you heard me talk a little bit about +0jYA0-lknhE-01049-00234944-00235200 that +0jYA0-lknhE-01050-00235000-00235328 uh and with depression there becomes +0jYA0-lknhE-01051-00235200-00235671 desperation +0jYA0-lknhE-01052-00235328-00235880 and disengagement um that occurs and a +0jYA0-lknhE-01053-00235671-00235928 person is at a loss they they really +0jYA0-lknhE-01054-00235880-00236240 don't +0jYA0-lknhE-01055-00235928-00236416 know what to do um we may see that this +0jYA0-lknhE-01056-00236240-00236576 individual is sleeping for longer +0jYA0-lknhE-01057-00236416-00236711 periods of time +0jYA0-lknhE-01058-00236576-00236935 they don't want to have contact they're +0jYA0-lknhE-01059-00236711-00237144 isolating themselves they're not eating +0jYA0-lknhE-01060-00236935-00237416 like they should those kind of things +0jYA0-lknhE-01061-00237144-00237511 now the final stage the final stage +0jYA0-lknhE-01062-00237416-00237864 irregardless +0jYA0-lknhE-01063-00237511-00238032 is acceptance um and at the point of +0jYA0-lknhE-01064-00237864-00238376 acceptance they have +0jYA0-lknhE-01065-00238032-00238688 um resign themselves +0jYA0-lknhE-01066-00238376-00239064 to recognize that this +0jYA0-lknhE-01067-00238688-00239304 loss is real okay um +0jYA0-lknhE-01068-00239064-00239504 that it's it that it's becoming a +0jYA0-lknhE-01069-00239304-00239864 reality so whatever that +0jYA0-lknhE-01070-00239504-00239864 loss is okay +0jYA0-lknhE-01071-00239983-00240416 so with those stages of grief we have +0jYA0-lknhE-01072-00240176-00240680 what's called anticipatory grief this +0jYA0-lknhE-01073-00240416-00240783 is the grief process before the actual +0jYA0-lknhE-01074-00240680-00241000 loss occurs +0jYA0-lknhE-01075-00240783-00241104 so you're anticipating that something's +0jYA0-lknhE-01076-00241000-00241392 going to happen +0jYA0-lknhE-01077-00241104-00241496 and you already start grieving about it +0jYA0-lknhE-01078-00241392-00241792 the resolution +0jYA0-lknhE-01079-00241496-00241928 is the length of the grief process and +0jYA0-lknhE-01080-00241792-00242176 that is entirely +0jYA0-lknhE-01081-00241928-00242271 individual so how long it takes someone +0jYA0-lknhE-01082-00242176-00242607 to move +0jYA0-lknhE-01083-00242271-00242680 from one um area of resolution to +0jYA0-lknhE-01084-00242607-00242967 another +0jYA0-lknhE-01085-00242680-00243056 is com completely um on an individual +0jYA0-lknhE-01086-00242967-00243280 basis +0jYA0-lknhE-01087-00243056-00243440 it can last from a few weeks to years +0jYA0-lknhE-01088-00243280-00243519 and it's influenced by a number of +0jYA0-lknhE-01089-00243440-00243688 factors so +0jYA0-lknhE-01090-00243519-00244000 what do you think are some factors that +0jYA0-lknhE-01091-00243688-00244248 it might be influenced by +0jYA0-lknhE-01092-00244000-00244480 so let's think about that going back to +0jYA0-lknhE-01093-00244248-00244792 that culture so the cultural could +0jYA0-lknhE-01094-00244480-00245064 um be an uh a factor +0jYA0-lknhE-01095-00244792-00245200 so in some cultures there's a mourning +0jYA0-lknhE-01096-00245064-00245504 process for a widow +0jYA0-lknhE-01097-00245200-00245823 that's a year uh and so they're in +0jYA0-lknhE-01098-00245504-00246000 mourning basically for for a year so +0jYA0-lknhE-01099-00245823-00246271 that could be something that's +0jYA0-lknhE-01100-00246000-00246496 culturally related that we would say oh +0jYA0-lknhE-01101-00246271-00246631 my god that that grief is extended for a +0jYA0-lknhE-01102-00246496-00246928 long period of time +0jYA0-lknhE-01103-00246631-00247167 but for that that individual that's that +0jYA0-lknhE-01104-00246928-00247480 would be a normal process for them +0jYA0-lknhE-01105-00247167-00247744 so um just re recognize that resolution +0jYA0-lknhE-01106-00247480-00247944 is that length of the grief process uh +0jYA0-lknhE-01107-00247744-00248248 and that's based on an individual +0jYA0-lknhE-01108-00247944-00248680 on individuals um +0jYA0-lknhE-01109-00248248-00248928 belief and cultural uh aspects +0jYA0-lknhE-01110-00248680-00249007 so then we have um the experience of +0jYA0-lknhE-01111-00248928-00249216 guilt +0jYA0-lknhE-01112-00249007-00249448 uh guilt for having a love-hate +0jYA0-lknhE-01113-00249216-00249807 relationship with the lost uh +0jYA0-lknhE-01114-00249448-00250064 lot with the lost entity um guilt +0jYA0-lknhE-01115-00249807-00250248 often will lengthen the grieving process +0jYA0-lknhE-01116-00250064-00250544 and so you can think about this +0jYA0-lknhE-01117-00250248-00250592 um i just recently lost my grandmother +0jYA0-lknhE-01118-00250544-00250744 you know +0jYA0-lknhE-01119-00250592-00250919 when i said recently i'm talking about +0jYA0-lknhE-01120-00250744-00251280 in the last two weeks um +0jYA0-lknhE-01121-00250919-00251600 she was 102 years old and uh so it's not +0jYA0-lknhE-01122-00251280-00251871 like death was unexpected at some point +0jYA0-lknhE-01123-00251600-00252071 now she did turn have a turn for the +0jYA0-lknhE-01124-00251871-00252367 worst that was kind of sudden +0jYA0-lknhE-01125-00252071-00252440 so her death was a little bit um sudden +0jYA0-lknhE-01126-00252367-00252800 but +0jYA0-lknhE-01127-00252440-00253240 um you know as i was thinking about this +0jYA0-lknhE-01128-00252800-00253504 process of grief it's +0jYA0-lknhE-01129-00253240-00253631 i have a large family and i have +0jYA0-lknhE-01130-00253504-00253976 grandchildren that +0jYA0-lknhE-01131-00253631-00254280 visited my grandmother uh quite often +0jYA0-lknhE-01132-00253976-00254376 and then we have grandchildren that had +0jYA0-lknhE-01133-00254280-00254680 not seen her +0jYA0-lknhE-01134-00254376-00254880 in probably two years so +0jYA0-lknhE-01135-00254680-00255007 i actually heard one of them at the +0jYA0-lknhE-01136-00254880-00255328 funeral made the statement +0jYA0-lknhE-01137-00255007-00255592 i should have came and saw grandma um +0jYA0-lknhE-01138-00255328-00255680 more often i should have came and saw +0jYA0-lknhE-01139-00255592-00255880 her +0jYA0-lknhE-01140-00255680-00256048 before she got to the point that she +0jYA0-lknhE-01141-00255880-00256231 didn't know who i was +0jYA0-lknhE-01142-00256048-00256392 and so i would take that is there's a +0jYA0-lknhE-01143-00256231-00256488 little bit of guilt going on with that +0jYA0-lknhE-01144-00256392-00256816 individual +0jYA0-lknhE-01145-00256488-00257040 and so the grieving process for them +0jYA0-lknhE-01146-00256816-00257200 may be very different than the grieving +0jYA0-lknhE-01147-00257040-00257464 process for myself +0jYA0-lknhE-01148-00257200-00257704 and so that's just a personal story um +0jYA0-lknhE-01149-00257464-00257944 and you probably each have your own +0jYA0-lknhE-01150-00257704-00258240 personal stories that you can relate to +0jYA0-lknhE-01151-00257944-00258528 but recognizing that you can lengthen +0jYA0-lknhE-01152-00258240-00258719 on this grief process and then again we +0jYA0-lknhE-01153-00258528-00258896 talked about that anticipatory um +0jYA0-lknhE-01154-00258719-00258992 grieving is thought to shorten the grief +0jYA0-lknhE-01155-00258896-00259176 process +0jYA0-lknhE-01156-00258992-00259367 when the loss actually occurs you +0jYA0-lknhE-01157-00259176-00259456 already anticipated that it was going to +0jYA0-lknhE-01158-00259367-00259792 happen +0jYA0-lknhE-01159-00259456-00259944 um you've probably already resolved +0jYA0-lknhE-01160-00259792-00260207 in your mind that this is going to +0jYA0-lknhE-01161-00259944-00260528 happen and so when it does happen +0jYA0-lknhE-01162-00260207-00260631 um your response to it is a little bit +0jYA0-lknhE-01163-00260528-00260840 different and so +0jYA0-lknhE-01164-00260631-00261048 maybe for me you know with my own +0jYA0-lknhE-01165-00260840-00261440 personal story that's where i was +0jYA0-lknhE-01166-00261048-00261744 um it was a an anticipatory +0jYA0-lknhE-01167-00261440-00261919 um thing you know +0jYA0-lknhE-01168-00261744-00262056 my grandma's 102 years old she's not +0jYA0-lknhE-01169-00261919-00262240 going to live forever +0jYA0-lknhE-01170-00262056-00262431 i would personally like for her to +0jYA0-lknhE-01171-00262240-00262688 continue to live on +0jYA0-lknhE-01172-00262431-00262783 but you know the reality of it for me +0jYA0-lknhE-01173-00262688-00263176 was +0jYA0-lknhE-01174-00262783-00263576 um my grief process started +0jYA0-lknhE-01175-00263176-00263735 um the moment that she could no longer +0jYA0-lknhE-01176-00263576-00263976 care for herself the way +0jYA0-lknhE-01177-00263735-00264048 i know she wanted to be able to care for +0jYA0-lknhE-01178-00263976-00264376 herself +0jYA0-lknhE-01179-00264048-00264616 because she was a very independent woman +0jYA0-lknhE-01180-00264376-00264768 and then a woman who was widowed more +0jYA0-lknhE-01181-00264616-00265080 years than she was married +0jYA0-lknhE-01182-00264768-00265352 a woman who husband died +0jYA0-lknhE-01183-00265080-00265472 in his late 40s early 50s i never knew +0jYA0-lknhE-01184-00265352-00265680 my grandfather +0jYA0-lknhE-01185-00265472-00265928 and she raised the whole family by +0jYA0-lknhE-01186-00265680-00266048 herself you know she was left with a +0jYA0-lknhE-01187-00265928-00266352 house full of small +0jYA0-lknhE-01188-00266048-00266711 children um to take care of +0jYA0-lknhE-01189-00266352-00266959 and so she you know was very independent +0jYA0-lknhE-01190-00266711-00267120 so at the time that a couple years ago +0jYA0-lknhE-01191-00266959-00267400 that she had a stroke +0jYA0-lknhE-01192-00267120-00267472 i think my grief process began for me +0jYA0-lknhE-01193-00267400-00267696 then +0jYA0-lknhE-01194-00267472-00267904 because it was like she's not the woman +0jYA0-lknhE-01195-00267696-00268272 that she used to be that i know +0jYA0-lknhE-01196-00267904-00268624 she desires to be and so her +0jYA0-lknhE-01197-00268272-00268935 point of life changed for +0jYA0-lknhE-01198-00268624-00269216 for her and it also changed for me so +0jYA0-lknhE-01199-00268935-00269311 um am i sad that she's gone of course +0jYA0-lknhE-01200-00269216-00269640 you know +0jYA0-lknhE-01201-00269311-00269952 but i don't have guilt in her +0jYA0-lknhE-01202-00269640-00270016 death um because i did what i could for +0jYA0-lknhE-01203-00269952-00270264 her +0jYA0-lknhE-01204-00270016-00270376 i have family members who like i said +0jYA0-lknhE-01205-00270264-00270559 made the statement +0jYA0-lknhE-01206-00270376-00270728 i should have done things differently so +0jYA0-lknhE-01207-00270559-00270776 they had that little piece of guilt +0jYA0-lknhE-01208-00270728-00271088 there +0jYA0-lknhE-01209-00270776-00271272 so again the personal story but um one +0jYA0-lknhE-01210-00271088-00271631 that i think is very relevant +0jYA0-lknhE-01211-00271272-00272120 to understanding um anticipatory grief +0jYA0-lknhE-01212-00271631-00272120 and how we move um through those stages +0jYA0-lknhE-01213-00272176-00272520 so um the length of grief you know i +0jYA0-lknhE-01214-00272431-00272711 talked +0jYA0-lknhE-01215-00272520-00272840 earlier about um you can have +0jYA0-lknhE-01216-00272711-00273080 maladaptive degree +0jYA0-lknhE-01217-00272840-00273159 so the length of grief is a response is +0jYA0-lknhE-01218-00273080-00273328 often +0jYA0-lknhE-01219-00273159-00273576 extended when an individual has +0jYA0-lknhE-01220-00273328-00273800 experienced a number of recent laws +0jYA0-lknhE-01221-00273576-00274000 and when he or she is unable to complete +0jYA0-lknhE-01222-00273800-00274072 one grieving process before another one +0jYA0-lknhE-01223-00274000-00274407 begins +0jYA0-lknhE-01224-00274072-00274552 so let's let's um let's look at +0jYA0-lknhE-01225-00274407-00274728 something that's +0jYA0-lknhE-01226-00274552-00274911 relevant to what's going on today with a +0jYA0-lknhE-01227-00274728-00275088 pandemic so +0jYA0-lknhE-01228-00274911-00275240 um you have an individual who loses +0jYA0-lknhE-01229-00275088-00275496 their job so +0jYA0-lknhE-01230-00275240-00275672 they're in some that you know there is a +0jYA0-lknhE-01231-00275496-00276007 stage of grief +0jYA0-lknhE-01232-00275672-00276248 um that can +0jYA0-lknhE-01233-00276007-00276383 be invoked because of the loss of that +0jYA0-lknhE-01234-00276248-00276568 job because you know it's a loss of +0jYA0-lknhE-01235-00276383-00276688 livelihood how am i going to survive how +0jYA0-lknhE-01236-00276568-00276816 am i going to take care of my family +0jYA0-lknhE-01237-00276688-00277088 those kind of things +0jYA0-lknhE-01238-00276816-00277320 then add to that um the fact that either +0jYA0-lknhE-01239-00277088-00277624 maybe they get sick +0jYA0-lknhE-01240-00277320-00277872 or a family member gets sick um +0jYA0-lknhE-01241-00277624-00278024 from covenanting you know i'm trying to +0jYA0-lknhE-01242-00277872-00278104 use it something that's relevant to +0jYA0-lknhE-01243-00278024-00278464 today +0jYA0-lknhE-01244-00278104-00278752 and so boom here's another loss that's +0jYA0-lknhE-01245-00278464-00278928 happening that's happening for them um +0jYA0-lknhE-01246-00278752-00279128 and it could be that that +0jYA0-lknhE-01247-00278928-00279272 that individual is in the hospital i +0jYA0-lknhE-01248-00279128-00279392 haven't said anything about them dying +0jYA0-lknhE-01249-00279272-00279496 i've just said that they've gotten +0jYA0-lknhE-01250-00279392-00279616 covered 19. +0jYA0-lknhE-01251-00279496-00279831 let's just say they went into the +0jYA0-lknhE-01252-00279616-00279983 hospital while i can't see him i can't +0jYA0-lknhE-01253-00279831-00280104 visit him because of the state that +0jYA0-lknhE-01254-00279983-00280376 we're in right now +0jYA0-lknhE-01255-00280104-00280576 so here's a lot here's another loss and +0jYA0-lknhE-01256-00280376-00280720 now let's just say that that was a +0jYA0-lknhE-01257-00280576-00280872 parent +0jYA0-lknhE-01258-00280720-00281072 of that individual and they were an +0jYA0-lknhE-01259-00280872-00281383 older parent and they died +0jYA0-lknhE-01260-00281072-00281656 because of coven 19. so you can +0jYA0-lknhE-01261-00281383-00281792 see how you have three losses right here +0jYA0-lknhE-01262-00281656-00282064 on top of one another +0jYA0-lknhE-01263-00281792-00282120 that have kind of built up so that +0jYA0-lknhE-01264-00282064-00282400 person +0jYA0-lknhE-01265-00282120-00282648 probably did not get out of one stage of +0jYA0-lknhE-01266-00282400-00282976 those five stages of grief +0jYA0-lknhE-01267-00282648-00283080 um before they moved into another stage +0jYA0-lknhE-01268-00282976-00283320 of grief +0jYA0-lknhE-01269-00283080-00283576 and so those are things that we need to +0jYA0-lknhE-01270-00283320-00283576 think about +0jYA0-lknhE-01271-00283680-00284031 so talk a little bit about the +0jYA0-lknhE-01272-00283807-00284224 resolution of grief processes thought to +0jYA0-lknhE-01273-00284031-00284368 occur when an individual can look back +0jYA0-lknhE-01274-00284224-00284672 on a relationship +0jYA0-lknhE-01275-00284368-00284744 with the lost entity and accept both the +0jYA0-lknhE-01276-00284672-00284872 pleasure +0jYA0-lknhE-01277-00284744-00285072 and the disappointments in that +0jYA0-lknhE-01278-00284872-00285383 association so +0jYA0-lknhE-01279-00285072-00285648 there's good there's bad and you +0jYA0-lknhE-01280-00285383-00285768 can move forward you you see that you +0jYA0-lknhE-01281-00285648-00285952 recognize it +0jYA0-lknhE-01282-00285768-00286168 and uh you move you're able to move +0jYA0-lknhE-01283-00285952-00286264 forward so there's this sense of +0jYA0-lknhE-01284-00286168-00286559 regaining +0jYA0-lknhE-01285-00286264-00286631 um organization there you begin to +0jYA0-lknhE-01286-00286559-00286983 pursue +0jYA0-lknhE-01287-00286631-00287407 new interests pursue new relationships +0jYA0-lknhE-01288-00286983-00287720 um replace or have a preoccupation with +0jYA0-lknhE-01289-00287407-00288016 energy or resolve so if you think about +0jYA0-lknhE-01290-00287720-00288111 resolution in um in the sense of a +0jYA0-lknhE-01291-00288016-00288376 breakup +0jYA0-lknhE-01292-00288111-00288488 um between a husband and wife boyfriend +0jYA0-lknhE-01293-00288376-00288776 and girlfriend +0jYA0-lknhE-01294-00288488-00288840 um there was a grief response to the +0jYA0-lknhE-01295-00288776-00289144 loss +0jYA0-lknhE-01296-00288840-00289368 of that relationship and um +0jYA0-lknhE-01297-00289144-00289448 now the individual in the resolution +0jYA0-lknhE-01298-00289368-00289776 phase +0jYA0-lknhE-01299-00289448-00290120 is moving forward they have moved past +0jYA0-lknhE-01300-00289776-00290424 whatever that um sense of grief was +0jYA0-lknhE-01301-00290120-00290655 to being able to say okay i'm ready to +0jYA0-lknhE-01302-00290424-00290904 to move on i'm ready to move forward and +0jYA0-lknhE-01303-00290655-00291176 so they can develop new relationships +0jYA0-lknhE-01304-00290904-00291272 um or even they can just say you know +0jYA0-lknhE-01305-00291176-00291631 what +0jYA0-lknhE-01306-00291272-00291928 it is what it is um it happened +0jYA0-lknhE-01307-00291631-00292111 i can't turn back the hands of time but +0jYA0-lknhE-01308-00291928-00292448 it's time for me to move forward +0jYA0-lknhE-01309-00292111-00292983 so you're now re beginning to resolve +0jYA0-lknhE-01310-00292448-00292983 um that response +0jYA0-lknhE-01311-00293040-00293392 and then the last thing that we want to +0jYA0-lknhE-01312-00293176-00293528 talk about is that maladaptive grief +0jYA0-lknhE-01313-00293392-00293840 response that i mentioned +0jYA0-lknhE-01314-00293528-00294055 earlier um the prolonged response +0jYA0-lknhE-01315-00293840-00294280 on to grief that's characterized by +0jYA0-lknhE-01316-00294055-00294535 intense preoccupation +0jYA0-lknhE-01317-00294280-00294752 with the lost entity and it a lot a lot +0jYA0-lknhE-01318-00294535-00295111 of times will go on and on and on +0jYA0-lknhE-01319-00294752-00295207 um the le the delayed or inhibited +0jYA0-lknhE-01320-00295111-00295407 response +0jYA0-lknhE-01321-00295207-00295616 in which the individual becomes stuck in +0jYA0-lknhE-01322-00295407-00295904 the denial stage of the grieving process +0jYA0-lknhE-01323-00295616-00296120 and they can't move past that stage and +0jYA0-lknhE-01324-00295904-00296328 then there's the distorted response and +0jYA0-lknhE-01325-00296120-00296535 in the distorted response +0jYA0-lknhE-01326-00296328-00296759 is in which the individual becomes stuck +0jYA0-lknhE-01327-00296535-00297135 in the anger stage of the process +0jYA0-lknhE-01328-00296759-00297252 so i hope that you can begin to see that +0jYA0-lknhE-01329-00297135-00297568 how this +0jYA0-lknhE-01330-00297252-00297952 prolonged period um +0jYA0-lknhE-01331-00297568-00298280 is not adaptive but it is a maladaptive +0jYA0-lknhE-01332-00297952-00298472 response to what's going on and again +0jYA0-lknhE-01333-00298280-00298696 with that individual with that +0jYA0-lknhE-01334-00298472-00298911 maladaptive response +0jYA0-lknhE-01335-00298696-00299048 we need to recognize that the individual +0jYA0-lknhE-01336-00298911-00299335 turns the anger +0jYA0-lknhE-01337-00299048-00299496 anger inward they turn it on their self +0jYA0-lknhE-01338-00299335-00299728 they become consumed with +0jYA0-lknhE-01339-00299496-00299968 overwhelming feelings of despair they +0jYA0-lknhE-01340-00299728-00300296 become unable to function in their +0jYA0-lknhE-01341-00299968-00300728 normal activities they +0jYA0-lknhE-01342-00300296-00301031 have a delay in the living process +0jYA0-lknhE-01343-00300728-00301335 their grief becomes distorted +0jYA0-lknhE-01344-00301031-00301664 and so when you think about those things +0jYA0-lknhE-01345-00301335-00301816 we very much go back to things that you +0jYA0-lknhE-01346-00301664-00302048 learn in fundamentals +0jYA0-lknhE-01347-00301816-00302311 which is what um when something +0jYA0-lknhE-01348-00302048-00302483 interferes with your activities of daily +0jYA0-lknhE-01349-00302311-00302776 living +0jYA0-lknhE-01350-00302483-00303048 um that you can control +0jYA0-lknhE-01351-00302776-00303248 that is a maladaptive experience when +0jYA0-lknhE-01352-00303048-00303607 you don't try to get a handle on it +0jYA0-lknhE-01353-00303248-00303904 so the same thing is um it +0jYA0-lknhE-01354-00303607-00304007 is relevant with the distorted grief +0jYA0-lknhE-01355-00303904-00304248 reaction +0jYA0-lknhE-01356-00304007-00304376 um because of the fact that that +0jYA0-lknhE-01357-00304248-00304592 grieving +0jYA0-lknhE-01358-00304376-00304720 when it's thought to be maladaptive when +0jYA0-lknhE-01359-00304592-00304992 the morning process +0jYA0-lknhE-01360-00304720-00305224 is prolonged when it's delayed or when +0jYA0-lknhE-01361-00304992-00305640 it inhibits a person's ability +0jYA0-lknhE-01362-00305224-00305640 um to become +0jYA0-lknhE-01363-00305704-00306344 a functioning member of society again +0jYA0-lknhE-01364-00306016-00306616 and so that is chapter one um +0jYA0-lknhE-01365-00306344-00306616 of your text +0jYA0-lknhE-01366-00306744-00307192 um as you're studying for for this i +0jYA0-lknhE-01367-00306992-00307368 would pay close attention to the +0jYA0-lknhE-01368-00307192-00307616 summary of the key points at the end of +0jYA0-lknhE-01369-00307368-00307968 the chapter i would make sure that i +0jYA0-lknhE-01370-00307616-00308072 pay attention to the um concepts of +0jYA0-lknhE-01371-00307968-00308464 grief +0jYA0-lknhE-01372-00308072-00308704 the concepts of um anxiety +0jYA0-lknhE-01373-00308464-00308880 because those are um going to be +0jYA0-lknhE-01374-00308704-00309216 important to you and looking at tests +0jYA0-lknhE-01375-00308880-00309431 for test purposes and the um physical +0jYA0-lknhE-01376-00309216-00310000 responses the fight +0jYA0-lknhE-01377-00309431-00310000 fight or flight on syndrome +0kHh-1bfs7u-00000-00000200-00000520 >> Susan M. Collins: Good afternoon everybody and welcome! +0kHh-1bfs7u-00001-00000520-00000700 I'm Susan Collins. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00002-00000700-00000967 I'm the Dean of the Gerald R. Ford School +0kHh-1bfs7u-00003-00000967-00001224 of Public Policy, and... +0kHh-1bfs7u-00004-00001224-00001351 [applause] thank you! +0kHh-1bfs7u-00005-00001351-00002018 [ Applause & Cheering ] +0kHh-1bfs7u-00006-00002018-00002285 And on behalf of the Ford School and the entire University +0kHh-1bfs7u-00007-00002285-00002475 of Michigan, it is such an honor +0kHh-1bfs7u-00008-00002475-00002749 to welcome all of you here today. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00009-00002749-00003096 I'd, in particular, like to recognize President Mark +0kHh-1bfs7u-00010-00003096-00003610 Schlissel, Provost Martha Pollack, Regent Michael Behm, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00011-00003610-00003833 Regent Emerita, Julia Darlow, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00012-00003833-00004127 and several of the university's executive offices and deans +0kHh-1bfs7u-00013-00004127-00004257 who are here with us today. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00014-00004257-00004554 Thank you so much for joining us! +0kHh-1bfs7u-00015-00004554-00005108 [ Applause ] +0kHh-1bfs7u-00016-00005108-00005442 I'd like to acknowledge, as well, my faculty colleagues +0kHh-1bfs7u-00017-00005442-00005815 who are part of the steering committee for today's events. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00018-00005815-00006139 The university's Vice-Provost for Equity and Inclusion, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00019-00006139-00006419 and the Chief Diversity Officer, Rob Sellers, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00020-00006419-00006673 Professors Martha Jones, Ann Lynn [phonetic], +0kHh-1bfs7u-00021-00006673-00007093 and Matthew Countryman, and also my fellow Dean of the School +0kHh-1bfs7u-00022-00007093-00007303 of Music, Theater, and Dance, Aaron Dworkin. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00023-00007303-00007550 Thank you all so much! +0kHh-1bfs7u-00024-00007550-00008017 [ Applause ] +0kHh-1bfs7u-00025-00008017-00008278 Indeed, it really is a great honor to welcome all +0kHh-1bfs7u-00026-00008278-00008505 of you here today to hear from one +0kHh-1bfs7u-00027-00008505-00008782 of the nation's most distinguished champions +0kHh-1bfs7u-00028-00008782-00009152 of civil rights, the Reverend Jesse Jackson. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00029-00009152-00009926 [ Applause & Cheering ] +0kHh-1bfs7u-00030-00009926-00010323 Before President Schlissel introduces him more fully, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00031-00010323-00010600 I'd like to offer my thanks to Reverend Jackson +0kHh-1bfs7u-00032-00010600-00010844 for spending the entire day here with us, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00033-00010844-00011101 with our students and our faculty. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00034-00011101-00011214 Thank you so much for that! +0kHh-1bfs7u-00035-00011214-00011554 We really appreciate all of your time! +0kHh-1bfs7u-00036-00011554-00011935 [ Applause ] +0kHh-1bfs7u-00037-00011935-00012288 We're also so pleased to have his wife, Jacqueline Jackson, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00038-00012288-00012539 his son, his daughter, and his grandson all here +0kHh-1bfs7u-00039-00012539-00012806 with us this afternoon. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00040-00013403-00013777 Reverend Jackson, I look forward to your remarks and I know +0kHh-1bfs7u-00041-00013777-00014020 that I speak for many in this room and many +0kHh-1bfs7u-00042-00014020-00014377 who are watching the live stream, that the remarks +0kHh-1bfs7u-00043-00014377-00014711 that you will give us today are so needed, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00044-00014711-00014961 and are extremely important, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00045-00014961-00015335 and so we are very much looking forward to them. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00046-00015335-00015718 And now it is my honor to introduce Dr. Mark Schlissel, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00047-00015718-00016052 the 14the president of the University of Michigan. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00048-00016052-00016523 [ Applause ] +0kHh-1bfs7u-00049-00016523-00016706 President Schlissel most recently served +0kHh-1bfs7u-00050-00016706-00016910 as provost of Brown University. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00051-00016910-00017183 He's the first physician to lead our university. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00052-00017183-00017373 His academic research is contributed +0kHh-1bfs7u-00053-00017373-00017730 to a detailed understanding of the genetic factors involved +0kHh-1bfs7u-00054-00017730-00017937 in producing antibodies and how mistakes +0kHh-1bfs7u-00055-00017937-00018321 in that process can lead to leukemia and lymphoma. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00056-00018321-00018671 President Schlissel earned his AB in Biochemical Sciences +0kHh-1bfs7u-00057-00018671-00018945 from Princeton and went on to Johns Hopkins University +0kHh-1bfs7u-00058-00018945-00019132 in medicine, earning both an MD and a PhD. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00059-00019132-00019562 Ladies and gentlemen, please join me in welcoming University +0kHh-1bfs7u-00060-00019562-00019849 of Michigan's 14th President, Mark Schlissel. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00061-00019849-00020757 [ Applause ] +0kHh-1bfs7u-00062-00020870-00021010 >> Mark Schlissel: Good afternoon, everybody! +0kHh-1bfs7u-00063-00021010-00021224 Thanks very much, Dean Collins, for that very kind introduction +0kHh-1bfs7u-00064-00021224-00021498 and for your outstanding leadership over the past decade +0kHh-1bfs7u-00065-00021498-00021698 of the Ford School of Public Policy. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00066-00021698-00022115 I'd like to thank the symposium organizing committee, as well, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00067-00022115-00022472 and also acknowledge the role of my friend, Bankole Thompson, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00068-00022472-00022729 in helping us organize today's session. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00069-00022729-00023076 Everyone at the Ford School, as well, who's helped our community +0kHh-1bfs7u-00070-00023076-00023239 in their efforts over the past week, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00071-00023239-00023546 or the whole election season, to understand the impact +0kHh-1bfs7u-00072-00023546-00023756 of this year's election. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00073-00023756-00024177 Today, we recognize a distinguished, national leader. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00074-00024177-00024734 And we honor a legacy that spans more than half a century. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00075-00024734-00025128 The Reverend Jesse Jackson Sr. has led the way in the struggle +0kHh-1bfs7u-00076-00025128-00025598 for freedom, voting rights, equality, and peace, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00077-00025598-00026092 here in the cities and towns of the United States, and abroad. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00078-00026092-00026382 We should all take note that his first experience +0kHh-1bfs7u-00079-00026382-00026756 as a social activist was as a student. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00080-00026756-00027040 In the summer of 1960, in his hometown of Greenville, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00081-00027040-00027433 South Carolina, Reverend Jackson refused to be turned away +0kHh-1bfs7u-00082-00027433-00027760 from the segregated local public library. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00083-00027760-00028011 He's been at the forefront of the struggle +0kHh-1bfs7u-00084-00028011-00028304 for civil rights ever since. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00085-00028304-00028495 During the mid 1960's, he worked +0kHh-1bfs7u-00086-00028495-00028751 with the Revered Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., +0kHh-1bfs7u-00087-00028751-00029322 and helped secure the passage of the 1965 Voting Rights Act. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00088-00029322-00029766 He ran for president in 1984 and 1988, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00089-00029766-00030099 building unprecedented coalitions of voters +0kHh-1bfs7u-00090-00030099-00030316 and inspiring millions. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00091-00030316-00030563 And as recently as last week, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00092-00030563-00030850 Reverend Jackson was traveling throughout our nation, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00093-00030850-00031170 working to get out the vote, meeting people +0kHh-1bfs7u-00094-00031170-00031504 in our communities, and battling new challenges +0kHh-1bfs7u-00095-00031504-00031855 to the Voting Rights Act that he had helped to enact. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00096-00031855-00032068 For his numerous accomplishments, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00097-00032068-00032388 Reverend Jackson was awarded the Presidential Medal +0kHh-1bfs7u-00098-00032388-00032635 of Freedom in 2000. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00099-00032635-00032872 It's our nation's highest civilian honor. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00100-00032872-00033289 The University of Michigan community is also very proud +0kHh-1bfs7u-00101-00033289-00033580 to count Reverend Jackson as an alumnus! +0kHh-1bfs7u-00102-00033580-00033903 He was awarded an honorary Doctor of Humane Letters +0kHh-1bfs7u-00103-00033903-00034250 from our university in 1979. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00104-00034250-00034981 [ Applause & Cheering ] +0kHh-1bfs7u-00105-00034981-00035321 But like many of our graduates, he didn't receive his degree +0kHh-1bfs7u-00106-00035321-00035535 and leave Ann Arbor forever, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00107-00035535-00035785 Reverend Jackson came back to campus. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00108-00035785-00036099 He came back in 1987 to meet with activists +0kHh-1bfs7u-00109-00036099-00036432 in the BAM III Movement, and the University Coalition +0kHh-1bfs7u-00110-00036432-00036623 Against Racism. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00111-00036623-00036960 He also came back to campus in 2000 and spoke +0kHh-1bfs7u-00112-00036960-00037193 in our Law [inaudible] in support of students +0kHh-1bfs7u-00113-00037193-00037554 who had organized to defend affirmative action. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00114-00037554-00037981 These were momentous times in our university's history, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00115-00037981-00038434 events whose impact reverberates to this very day. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00116-00038434-00038798 They were part of our nearly 200-year history, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00117-00038798-00039159 and they inform the strategic plan we rolled out last month +0kHh-1bfs7u-00118-00039159-00039382 to advance diversity, equity, and inclusion +0kHh-1bfs7u-00119-00039382-00039562 at the University of Michigan. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00120-00039562-00039863 And now, he's back today. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00121-00039863-00040126 We all know there's much more work to do. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00122-00040126-00040480 During the run-up to the election, and the days since, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00123-00040480-00040720 we've seen attacks that single out individuals +0kHh-1bfs7u-00124-00040720-00041044 and groups based on their identities. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00125-00041044-00041461 We can't forget how this makes our students feel. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00126-00041461-00041818 But we've also seen demonstrations espousing peace, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00127-00041818-00042075 inclusion, and tolerance. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00128-00042075-00042328 We've heard from many in our community about the need +0kHh-1bfs7u-00129-00042328-00042769 to make room for voices all across the ideological spectrum, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00130-00042769-00043219 and for all to speak out against hate and discrimination. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00131-00043219-00043409 This afternoon, in fact, students, again, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00132-00043409-00043800 gathered on our Diag to make their voices heard. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00133-00043800-00044090 Before I invite our guest of honor to the stage, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00134-00044090-00044327 I want to share a few words from his University +0kHh-1bfs7u-00135-00044327-00044694 of Michigan Commencement Address in 1979. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00136-00044694-00045031 He said, we no longer have the luxury, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00137-00045031-00045428 nor can we afford racial polarization +0kHh-1bfs7u-00138-00045428-00045829 on various aberrations and expressions of petty apartheid. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00139-00045829-00046366 A multiracial education must be our personal, local, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00140-00046366-00046769 and national goal, for we must develop the capacity to live +0kHh-1bfs7u-00141-00046769-00047157 with each other and not apart from each other. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00142-00047157-00047460 The title of Reverend Jackson's address today is, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00143-00047460-00047774 What's Next For Us: Hope and Reflection. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00144-00047774-00048077 Please help me welcome civil rights leader, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00145-00048077-00048311 former student activist, Founder and President +0kHh-1bfs7u-00146-00048311-00048648 of the Rainbow Push Coalition, and inspiration to all +0kHh-1bfs7u-00147-00048648-00048885 who strive for peace and social justice, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00148-00048885-00049045 the Reverend Jesse Jackson. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00149-00049045-00049953 [ Applause & Cheering ] +0kHh-1bfs7u-00150-00052836-00052929 >> Rev. Jesse Jackson: Today I want +0kHh-1bfs7u-00151-00052929-00053269 to thank President Mark Schlissel +0kHh-1bfs7u-00152-00053269-00053456 and Dean Susan M. Collins +0kHh-1bfs7u-00153-00053456-00053917 of the Gerald Ford Public Policy Center, the faculty and students +0kHh-1bfs7u-00154-00053917-00054060 and beneficiaries of the University +0kHh-1bfs7u-00155-00054060-00054324 of Michigan around the world. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00156-00054324-00054557 [Inaudible] of the university has made its commitment +0kHh-1bfs7u-00157-00054557-00055054 to the America that is and accepted the call. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00158-00055054-00055375 The mission and responsibility [inaudible] +0kHh-1bfs7u-00159-00055375-00055949 in building the nation that we must become. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00160-00055949-00056242 We're a nation that has come from the pit of 246 years +0kHh-1bfs7u-00161-00056242-00056749 of slavery, which began 157 years before the birth +0kHh-1bfs7u-00162-00056749-00057216 of the nation, in 1776. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00163-00057216-00057657 The genocide of Native Americans, legal segregation +0kHh-1bfs7u-00164-00057657-00058308 of Jim Crow in 1880 to 1954, over 5,000 lynchings +0kHh-1bfs7u-00165-00058308-00058478 without one indictment. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00166-00058478-00058895 This foundation of our nation is this immoral sins +0kHh-1bfs7u-00167-00058895-00059192 of which we have not sought forgiveness nor redemption. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00168-00059192-00059686 And the idea of making America great again reopens the wounds +0kHh-1bfs7u-00169-00059686-00060096 in America's immoral foundation, born in sin +0kHh-1bfs7u-00170-00060096-00060406 and shaped in inequity. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00171-00060406-00060814 This school has consistently sought to step in the breach, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00172-00060814-00061090 to bring healing to the body of politic. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00173-00061090-00061517 We need not for a moment underestimate the damage done +0kHh-1bfs7u-00174-00061517-00062108 to our country and the soul of America in the last few days, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00175-00062108-00062625 it's our nation and our soul that must be healed. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00176-00062625-00062852 What are we confronted with? +0kHh-1bfs7u-00177-00062852-00063236 There is a tug of war for the soul of America. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00178-00063236-00063403 Dr. King and [inaudible] mission was +0kHh-1bfs7u-00179-00063403-00063656 to redeem the soul of America. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00180-00063656-00063987 And at the base of our nation is an identity crisis. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00181-00063987-00064687 Do we want to be an aristocracy or a democracy? +0kHh-1bfs7u-00182-00064687-00065058 Multiculturalism or race supremacy? +0kHh-1bfs7u-00183-00065058-00065658 An aristocracy of the few or a democracy for the many? +0kHh-1bfs7u-00184-00065658-00065899 We will be one person, one vote democracy, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00185-00065899-00066269 are ruled by electoral overseers. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00186-00066269-00066396 President Abraham Lincoln said, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00187-00066396-00066810 our nation cannot survive half-slave and half-free. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00188-00066810-00066973 A house divided [phonetic] against itself cannot stand. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00189-00066973-00067287 There's been an analyses +0kHh-1bfs7u-00190-00067287-00067664 as to why Secretary Hillary Clinton lost her presidency a +0kHh-1bfs7u-00191-00067664-00067874 few days ago. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00192-00067874-00068111 Much of its valid, but from my perspective, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00193-00068111-00068388 the pundits have missed the central reason. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00194-00068388-00068922 Due to democratic voter laws and voter suppression. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00195-00068922-00069292 Ari Berman and his brilliant book, Give Us the Ballot, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00196-00069292-00069826 points out that between 2011 and '15, 395 new laws +0kHh-1bfs7u-00197-00069826-00070066 of voter restriction introduced in state legislations +0kHh-1bfs7u-00198-00070066-00070703 in 49 states, many of them became law, voter restriction. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00199-00070703-00070997 The voting rights had been fully and fairly protected, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00200-00070997-00071454 we would be bringing a different discussion today. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00201-00071454-00071578 She won the popular vote. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00202-00071578-00071835 If it were not for voter suppression, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00203-00071835-00072322 she would have won the vote in the electoral college, as well. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00204-00072322-00072722 New voting laws, since June 25, 2013, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00205-00072722-00072976 it wiped out 868 polling places, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00206-00072976-00073339 that includes removing polling places from campuses +0kHh-1bfs7u-00207-00073339-00073656 and other familiar places. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00208-00073656-00073927 There's nothing more fundamental in this whole discussion +0kHh-1bfs7u-00209-00073927-00074324 than voter denial access. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00210-00074324-00074711 Our nation speaks meritocracy, but hard work, effort, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00211-00074711-00075208 and excellence cannot match or compete with inheritance, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00212-00075208-00075518 access, and racial favor. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00213-00075518-00076102 Our struggles have made us free across the years, but not equal. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00214-00076102-00076382 We need to make some moral and legal choices. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00215-00076382-00076643 Shall we be a nation with people who do the crime, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00216-00076643-00077006 including those running multinational corporations, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00217-00077006-00077330 [inaudible] Wall Street do the time? +0kHh-1bfs7u-00218-00077330-00077610 We've become the double standard of only punishing people +0kHh-1bfs7u-00219-00077610-00077800 of color and the poor. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00220-00077800-00078384 Do we have the nerve to free and pardon those who did their time +0kHh-1bfs7u-00221-00078384-00078815 for the crime and offer them a clean slate and a new start? +0kHh-1bfs7u-00222-00078815-00079169 President Lincoln pardoned Jefferson Davis +0kHh-1bfs7u-00223-00079169-00079536 and other confederates who engaged in treason +0kHh-1bfs7u-00224-00079536-00079943 against the United States of America in an effort to bind up +0kHh-1bfs7u-00225-00079943-00080410 and heal the wounds after the Civil War. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00226-00080410-00080607 President Ford did the same thing with respect +0kHh-1bfs7u-00227-00080607-00080767 to Richard Nixon after Watergate, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00228-00080767-00081067 even though he had violated, dishonored, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00229-00081067-00081371 and debased the Constitution, while it was clear +0kHh-1bfs7u-00230-00081371-00081588 that he would have been impeached and convicted +0kHh-1bfs7u-00231-00081588-00081838 and driven from office, legally and technically, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00232-00081838-00082065 he was never indicted. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00233-00082065-00082335 Tried, not convicted of anything. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00234-00082335-00082482 Unique to Ford and Nixon was +0kHh-1bfs7u-00235-00082482-00082729 that Nixon was never officially accused [inaudible] +0kHh-1bfs7u-00236-00082729-00083009 to even [inaudible] the pardon. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00237-00083009-00083219 President Ford was simply determined +0kHh-1bfs7u-00238-00083219-00083419 to stop the potential harm, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00239-00083419-00083626 was framed to [inaudible] and heal the wound. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00240-00083626-00083940 There are those [inaudible] spirit of retribution who want +0kHh-1bfs7u-00241-00083940-00084177 to use Hillary Clinton as a trophy +0kHh-1bfs7u-00242-00084177-00084414 in the name of false justice. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00243-00084414-00084841 It would be wise in the name of [inaudible] of Lincoln and Ford +0kHh-1bfs7u-00244-00084841-00085061 for President Obama to do the same +0kHh-1bfs7u-00245-00085061-00085361 and to pardon Hillary Clinton. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00246-00086005-00086236 President-elect Trump [inaudible] promised +0kHh-1bfs7u-00247-00086236-00086596 to appoint a special prosecutor to investigate Secretary Clinton +0kHh-1bfs7u-00248-00086596-00086816 and tried to put her in prison. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00249-00086816-00087183 Even though Secretary Clinton has not been legally accused, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00250-00087183-00087534 indicted, tried, or convicted of anything. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00251-00087534-00087797 President Obama should follow President Ford's example +0kHh-1bfs7u-00252-00087797-00088164 and offer a [inaudible] pardon and inoculation +0kHh-1bfs7u-00253-00088164-00088411 against [inaudible] prosecution in the spirit +0kHh-1bfs7u-00254-00088411-00088691 of healing the divisions in our country. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00255-00088691-00089035 To do otherwise will only exacerbate divisions +0kHh-1bfs7u-00256-00089035-00089205 and harden feelings on both sides. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00257-00089205-00089496 It would be a monumental moral and political mistake +0kHh-1bfs7u-00258-00089496-00089883 to pursue the prosecution of Hillary Clinton. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00259-00089883-00090019 Such a mean-spirited action +0kHh-1bfs7u-00260-00090019-00090293 against her would unleash a [inaudible] in the nation +0kHh-1bfs7u-00261-00090293-00090723 and would damage our government. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00262-00090723-00090927 There's still tremendous tension in our country +0kHh-1bfs7u-00263-00090927-00091144 because of unfinished business. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00264-00091144-00091381 There's something in the current political turmoil +0kHh-1bfs7u-00265-00091381-00091601 of street protests. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00266-00091601-00091991 The popular vote will have more than 2 million vote lead +0kHh-1bfs7u-00267-00091991-00092131 for a significant [inaudible] +0kHh-1bfs7u-00268-00092131-00092565 in the electoral college, 310 to 228. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00269-00092565-00092936 Over 13 million votes were cast in Pennsylvania, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00270-00092936-00093162 Wisconsin, and Michigan. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00271-00093162-00093439 The three states Hillary Clinton needed to win. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00272-00093439-00093997 But she lost by a cumulative vote of 110,000 in those states. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00273-00093997-00094287 Are we going to have a one-person, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00274-00094287-00094394 one-vote system or not? +0kHh-1bfs7u-00275-00094394-00094737 President Clinton said [inaudible], said, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00276-00094737-00095351 we must go forward by hope and not backwards by fear. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00277-00095351-00095562 Donald Trump said the electoral college was ridiculous +0kHh-1bfs7u-00278-00095562-00095895 until he won and then he said it was a great system, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00279-00095895-00096546 respected smaller states, that is what rigging looks like. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00280-00096546-00097303 [ Applause & Cheering ] +0kHh-1bfs7u-00281-00097303-00097620 What makes it difficult to turn this decision [inaudible] is +0kHh-1bfs7u-00282-00097620-00097974 that the popular vote did not elect Donald Trump. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00283-00097974-00098344 The man who which he ran his campaign on racism +0kHh-1bfs7u-00284-00098344-00098735 and sexism [inaudible], religious bigotry, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00285-00098735-00098925 has unleashed massive hatred, fear, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00286-00098925-00099108 and division in our country. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00287-00099108-00099405 Protesters driven by fear and pain. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00288-00099405-00099776 Fear of mass deportations. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00289-00099776-00100023 Fear of a wall that can be irreputable harm +0kHh-1bfs7u-00290-00100023-00100473 to our southern neighbor, Mexico. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00291-00100473-00100640 Fear with little children crying, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00292-00100640-00101080 terrified that their parents may be deported. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00293-00101080-00101277 Fear of rejecting an American judge +0kHh-1bfs7u-00294-00101277-00101721 because of his Mexican-American heritage. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00295-00101721-00102192 Fear of banning Muslims, fear of limiting trade access, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00296-00102192-00102609 our democracy has been damaged, this room must be a sanctuary +0kHh-1bfs7u-00297-00102609-00102839 for its classmates and his friends. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00298-00102839-00103022 Let Ann Arbor stand up and stand tall, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00299-00103022-00103446 as we seek to heal our nation and make a more perfect evening. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00300-00103446-00103870 This is not just about democrats, it's about democracy. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00301-00103870-00104047 It's not about republicans, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00302-00104047-00104304 it's about the republic and its character. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00303-00104304-00104647 The rule of money, permitted by citizens united, is undemocratic +0kHh-1bfs7u-00304-00104647-00104941 and [inaudible] our democracy. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00305-00104941-00105268 But racism, fear, anger, and economic anxiety [inaudible] +0kHh-1bfs7u-00306-00105268-00105485 and small-town American play the role, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00307-00105485-00105822 many rural communities voted twice for Barack Obama, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00308-00105822-00106336 but voted for Trump in 2016 out of economic desperation. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00309-00106336-00106573 Sexism had an impact. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00310-00106573-00106709 The abandonment of the working class +0kHh-1bfs7u-00311-00106709-00106843 and organized labor played a role. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00312-00106843-00107323 We globalized capital without globalizing human rights +0kHh-1bfs7u-00313-00107323-00107520 and worker's rights and women's rights [applause] +0kHh-1bfs7u-00314-00107520-00107914 and children's rights, LGBTQ rights. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00315-00108037-00108344 The Russians hacking Hillary's and the DNC's emails, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00316-00108344-00108581 exposing them also hurt. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00317-00108581-00108888 The media giving Trump over 2 billion dollars +0kHh-1bfs7u-00318-00108888-00109425 in free advertising, just for entertaining, not emancipating. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00319-00109425-00109662 The announcement of Affordable Healthcare Act's insurance +0kHh-1bfs7u-00320-00109662-00110089 increases just before the election, [inaudible]. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00321-00110089-00110490 The FBI intervention in 2016 +0kHh-1bfs7u-00322-00110490-00110730 and [inaudible] intervention [inaudible] election impacted +0kHh-1bfs7u-00323-00110730-00110954 the outcome of each election. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00324-00110954-00111581 In 2000 was the Supreme Court, 2016, it was the FBI. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00325-00111581-00111791 Most of these points and the [inaudible] analysis +0kHh-1bfs7u-00326-00111791-00111961 by the partners were made and accepted, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00327-00111961-00112205 but they virtually [inaudible] the suppression +0kHh-1bfs7u-00328-00112205-00112415 of the black vote. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00329-00112415-00112702 Recently, [inaudible] said the republican official +0kHh-1bfs7u-00330-00112702-00112929 in North Carolina boasted a cutbacks +0kHh-1bfs7u-00331-00112929-00113543 in the early voting reduced black turnout by 8.5 percent, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00332-00113543-00114043 increased white turnout by 2.5 percent just by manipulation +0kHh-1bfs7u-00333-00114043-00114277 of the rules in the precincts. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00334-00114277-00114684 The voter suppression affects many groups, Hispanics, Asians, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00335-00114684-00115081 women, workers, young people, seniors, the disabled +0kHh-1bfs7u-00336-00115081-00115548 and whites, but the primary target was African Americans. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00337-00115548-00115775 The right to vote is the most basic right under the democracy, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00338-00115775-00115925 but the black votes is a foundation +0kHh-1bfs7u-00339-00115925-00116339 for democratic [inaudible] and process. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00340-00116339-00116573 We came in [inaudible], we're not the bottom, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00341-00116573-00116703 we're the foundation of our country, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00342-00116703-00117123 when the foundation shakes the whole world trembles. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00343-00117123-00117313 Deny blacks access to the vote +0kHh-1bfs7u-00344-00117313-00117660 and reflect the democratic party in the national vote. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00345-00117660-00118014 The effect is felt on the electoral college. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00346-00118014-00118161 President Barack Obama and others said +0kHh-1bfs7u-00347-00118161-00118471 that we don't have a national voting system, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00348-00118471-00118711 but a state and local system. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00349-00118711-00118952 You can't rig in the American presidential race, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00350-00118952-00119222 but really you can. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00351-00119222-00119455 You don't have to rig the entire system, just three +0kHh-1bfs7u-00352-00119455-00119786 or four states, suppress the black vote. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00353-00119786-00120263 [Inaudible] in Florida, in 2000, win by 537, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00354-00120263-00120633 not counting 27,000 votes in [inaudible] Florida. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00355-00120633-00120944 The state of Florida had the right to stop the count. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00356-00120944-00121391 The black vote [inaudible] 1965 and discounted in 2000 +0kHh-1bfs7u-00357-00121391-00121798 and suppressed in 2016, the common denominator of all +0kHh-1bfs7u-00358-00121798-00122195 of this madness is about the demise of the black vote. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00359-00122195-00122485 In 2016, Florida, Georgia, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00360-00122485-00122715 and North Carolina [inaudible] federal appeals court said the +0kHh-1bfs7u-00361-00122715-00123012 state legislature had passed a racial discrimination [phonetic] +0kHh-1bfs7u-00362-00123012-00123566 voting law, targeted blacks with a long, surgical precision. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00363-00123566-00123823 So-called liberal states, like Pennsylvania, New York, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00364-00123823-00124153 and Michigan don't have early voting, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00365-00124153-00124537 which is an institutional form of voter suppression. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00366-00124537-00124928 This [inaudible] 5.8 [inaudible] who served their time in prison +0kHh-1bfs7u-00367-00124928-00125044 for the [inaudible] probation +0kHh-1bfs7u-00368-00125044-00125231 and parole, is voter suppression. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00369-00125231-00125488 It affects black, brown, young, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00370-00125488-00125745 and poor people disproportionately. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00371-00125745-00126022 Most voters would be surprised to learn that new American, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00372-00126022-00126142 I say new American, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00373-00126142-00126606 as an American has the fundamental right to vote. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00374-00126606-00126863 The explicit, fundamental individual right +0kHh-1bfs7u-00375-00126863-00127183 to vote is not in the Constitution. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00376-00127183-00127407 Each of us has a state right to vote, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00377-00127407-00127707 but not a citizenship right to vote. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00378-00127707-00127907 Ironically, after the [inaudible] decision, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00379-00127907-00128081 we have an individual right to [inaudible], +0kHh-1bfs7u-00380-00128081-00128461 but not an individual right to vote in the Constitution, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00381-00128461-00128735 you know that's crazy [laughter]. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00382-00128735-00128988 The only reason that these states can do what they do +0kHh-1bfs7u-00383-00128988-00129269 [applause], for example, Texas passed a voting law +0kHh-1bfs7u-00384-00129269-00129375 that allows you to use a [inaudible] +0kHh-1bfs7u-00385-00129375-00129609 for ID, but not a student ID. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00386-00129609-00129816 It's because we have a state's right +0kHh-1bfs7u-00387-00129816-00130133 and a local control voting system. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00388-00130133-00130436 We must add a right to vote amendment +0kHh-1bfs7u-00389-00130436-00130617 to the U.S. Constitution. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00390-00130617-00130780 Gives every individual the right to vote +0kHh-1bfs7u-00391-00130780-00131150 and gives Congress the authority to establish an unified, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00392-00131150-00131554 national voting system. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00393-00131554-00132415 [ Applause & Cheering ] +0kHh-1bfs7u-00394-00132415-00132682 Our voting system would be decentralized [phonetic] +0kHh-1bfs7u-00395-00132682-00132946 and operated by state and local jurisdiction, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00396-00132946-00133293 but they would each have to meet the federal standards. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00397-00133293-00133586 A right to vote amendment would set the constitutional framework +0kHh-1bfs7u-00398-00133586-00134077 for Congress to pass laws to early voting everywhere, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00399-00134077-00134437 to modernize and paid to replace old, worn-out machines, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00400-00134437-00134857 [inaudible] automatic voter registration at the age of 18, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00401-00134857-00135215 to allow same-day, on-site voter registration in voting, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00402-00135215-00135628 to allow for non-basic [inaudible] voter education how +0kHh-1bfs7u-00403-00135628-00135812 to use voting machines in our schools, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00404-00135812-00136269 we must democratize democracy and make America better +0kHh-1bfs7u-00405-00136269-00136442 for all of its people. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00406-00136442-00136673 Ironically, Donald Trump and Bernie Sanders, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00407-00136673-00137086 with whom I just talked a few minutes, had joint +0kHh-1bfs7u-00408-00137086-00137327 and legitimate concerns. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00409-00137327-00137614 Workers left behind as a result of technological advances, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00410-00137614-00138094 workers left behind and got the raw end of globalization, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00411-00138094-00138508 victims of stagnant wages and low incomes, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00412-00138508-00138795 who are having trouble or can't pay for their children to go +0kHh-1bfs7u-00413-00138795-00139132 to college, this will be the first generation whose children +0kHh-1bfs7u-00414-00139132-00139459 will have less than their parents had. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00415-00139459-00139846 Both were for change, though in different directions. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00416-00139846-00140023 While the social numerators are different, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00417-00140023-00140300 the economic denominators were the same. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00418-00140300-00140420 Well, Trump and Sanders looked +0kHh-1bfs7u-00419-00140420-00140710 on the dry field [phonetic] of economic pain. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00420-00140710-00141167 Banks will bail out, homeowners discriminated, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00421-00141167-00141304 [inaudible] and [inaudible]. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00422-00141304-00141641 No plan for reinvestment in the community's most damaged. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00423-00141641-00141808 On that dry field of desperation, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00424-00141808-00142128 Bernie Sanders put water on trees and flowers +0kHh-1bfs7u-00425-00142128-00142332 of opportunity to grow. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00426-00142332-00142859 Donald Trump poured gasoline on the field and lit a match. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00427-00142859-00143072 Big business, international lobbyists are falling +0kHh-1bfs7u-00428-00143072-00143329 over themselves today trying to get access +0kHh-1bfs7u-00429-00143329-00143990 to the new-drained swamp administration in Washington. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00430-00143990-00144167 Here's how ridiculous things have become. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00431-00144167-00144624 Former senate-majority leader, [inaudible] the New York Times, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00432-00144624-00145048 Trump has plans to change things in Washington, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00433-00145048-00145255 about draining the swamp. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00434-00145255-00145461 He's going to need some people to help guide him +0kHh-1bfs7u-00435-00145461-00145798 through the swamp, how to - you get in, how do you navigate? +0kHh-1bfs7u-00436-00145798-00145952 They're going to help him do that. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00437-00145952-00146169 I bet they are [laughter]. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00438-00146169-00146482 The candidate who ran against Washington's corruption +0kHh-1bfs7u-00439-00146482-00146709 and [inaudible] the deal making has now turned +0kHh-1bfs7u-00440-00146709-00147133 to a rogue [inaudible] of corporate insiders, lobbyists, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00441-00147133-00147460 corporate lawyers, staff from corporate think tanks +0kHh-1bfs7u-00442-00147460-00147597 and corporate executives themselves +0kHh-1bfs7u-00443-00147597-00147790 to run the transition team. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00444-00147790-00147994 The price we're going to pay for the invasion of Iraq, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00445-00147994-00148434 expensive price, for madness and wrongness. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00446-00148434-00148825 A system, a war based on live, preemptive strike. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00447-00148825-00149195 Fighting in Afghanistan, being supportive [phonetic] in Syria +0kHh-1bfs7u-00448-00149195-00149475 and approaching 6 trillion dollars, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00449-00149475-00149676 a lot of legitimate anger and fear in the U.S. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00450-00149676-00150073 and around the world raised with economic anxiety. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00451-00150073-00150303 This anti-immigrant phenomenon +0kHh-1bfs7u-00452-00150303-00150496 and growing [inaudible] is sweeping not just the U.S., +0kHh-1bfs7u-00453-00150496-00150820 but western Europe as well. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00454-00150820-00150967 Be very afraid. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00455-00150967-00151190 The [inaudible] has been set. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00456-00151190-00151354 The KKK has been watching +0kHh-1bfs7u-00457-00151354-00151638 and celebrating while nationalists are on the move. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00458-00151638-00151931 I don't mean be afraid personally, that's a fact +0kHh-1bfs7u-00459-00151931-00152065 and [inaudible] of this climate [phonetic], +0kHh-1bfs7u-00460-00152065-00152375 but be not afraid personally, but fear for your country +0kHh-1bfs7u-00461-00152375-00152785 and the world, he won because of white anger and fear +0kHh-1bfs7u-00462-00152785-00152992 and racial resentment in the content +0kHh-1bfs7u-00463-00152992-00153359 of economically frustrating times for money for many +0kHh-1bfs7u-00464-00153359-00153646 who are not used to being economically distressed, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00465-00153646-00153830 but blacks have been distressed for a long time. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00466-00153830-00154100 [Inaudible] going to have to march around with flags +0kHh-1bfs7u-00467-00154100-00154294 in the streets, intimidating and threatening people. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00468-00154294-00154817 And having an extreme right-wing Congress and governors, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00469-00154817-00155048 offices, around the nation. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00470-00155048-00155194 Wall Street is now setting records now +0kHh-1bfs7u-00471-00155194-00155345 because they expect the handcuffs +0kHh-1bfs7u-00472-00155345-00155868 to be taken off Dodd Frank, consumer protection agency, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00473-00155868-00156109 the regulation generally on business. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00474-00156109-00156439 It's possible he could destroy the U.S. and the rural economics +0kHh-1bfs7u-00475-00156439-00156746 and take the entire rural over the economic cliff. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00476-00156746-00157023 Our environment could be irreparably damaged +0kHh-1bfs7u-00477-00157023-00157493 with his unleashing of the foolish fossil fuel industry. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00478-00157493-00157860 Sustained, massive, non-violent resistance to Trump is needed, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00479-00157860-00158284 hopefully without violence and repression. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00480-00158284-00158611 Dr. King said in his question, where do we go from here? +0kHh-1bfs7u-00481-00158611-00158805 What steps should we take? +0kHh-1bfs7u-00482-00158805-00159075 How do we keep hope and resistance alive? +0kHh-1bfs7u-00483-00159075-00159492 First, we must maintain hope. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00484-00159492-00159822 Students, don't let them break your spirit. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00485-00159822-00160013 Another naive hope, because we cannot come +0kHh-1bfs7u-00486-00160013-00160410 out of a deep hole we in with a naive or false hope. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00487-00160410-00160757 Deep water does not drown you, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00488-00160757-00161224 you drown because you start kicking. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00489-00161224-00161484 Because you surrender, because you give up, because you do less +0kHh-1bfs7u-00490-00161484-00161658 than your best, and no one has earned the right +0kHh-1bfs7u-00491-00161658-00161898 to do less than their best. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00492-00161898-00162231 You must have a hope that's strategic, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00493-00162231-00162629 [inaudible] has both a sharp and a long range plan. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00494-00162629-00162929 Must pull up with a rope of hope and not dig deep into a hole +0kHh-1bfs7u-00495-00162929-00163369 of fear, a rope of hope not a shovel of fear. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00496-00163369-00163610 Faith is a substance of things hoped for, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00497-00163610-00163830 and the [inaudible] of things not seen. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00498-00163830-00164347 The substance of the protected right to vote. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00499-00164347-00164697 Automatic registration at age 18. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00500-00164697-00164991 The [inaudible] of early voting in every state. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00501-00164991-00165218 The substance of a constitutional right to vote +0kHh-1bfs7u-00502-00165218-00165485 as opposed to state's rights. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00503-00165485-00165635 The substance of pay equity for women. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00504-00165635-00166162 Of affordable and desegregated education. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00505-00166162-00166382 Student loan debt, credit card debt, give it up, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00506-00166382-00166689 let's make education accessible and affordable for all +0kHh-1bfs7u-00507-00166689-00166849 of American's children. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00508-00166849-00167577 [ Applause ] +0kHh-1bfs7u-00509-00167577-00167924 The substance of sensitivity to the predicament of immigrants +0kHh-1bfs7u-00510-00167924-00168274 and Muslims, of reinvestment in our cities, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00511-00168274-00168578 of policies around guns and drugs in and jobs out. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00512-00168578-00168781 A White House conference on violence, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00513-00168781-00169309 causing cures [phonetic], racial and gender disparity, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00514-00169309-00169552 the impact of poverty on our lives. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00515-00169552-00169919 Second, we must turn protest into political organizing. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00516-00169919-00170229 Use protest to dramatize and educate. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00517-00170229-00170523 Use politics to register and vote in record numbers, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00518-00170523-00170740 and to change unfair and regressive laws. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00519-00170740-00171127 We must organize and fight to have the right to vote amendment +0kHh-1bfs7u-00520-00171127-00171331 to the U.S. Constitution, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00521-00171331-00171578 forcing us to keep a positive vision of the kind +0kHh-1bfs7u-00522-00171578-00171894 of country we want before the American people. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00523-00171894-00172308 [Inaudible] students must keep marching. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00524-00172308-00172689 The trajectory of youth must look into the future, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00525-00172689-00173162 you are not our future, you are right now. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00526-00173162-00173313 Stand tall right now. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00527-00173313-00173693 [Applause] Fight xenophobia right now. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00528-00173693-00174130 Fight racism right now. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00529-00174130-00174340 Fight sexism right now! +0kHh-1bfs7u-00530-00174340-00174744 End war right now! +0kHh-1bfs7u-00531-00174744-00175598 [ Applause ] +0kHh-1bfs7u-00532-00175598-00175845 [Inaudible] for some time, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00533-00175845-00176162 we'll walk until the winding road finds an end. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00534-00176162-00176322 Let nothing break your spirit. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00535-00176322-00176629 It gets dark, but surely the morning cometh +0kHh-1bfs7u-00536-00176629-00176886 in the dark, limits must flee. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00537-00176886-00177283 Have a commitment to healing, to building, to heal the breach. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00538-00177283-00177580 If you plant two seeds in the ground of equal strength, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00539-00177580-00177884 and you grow a wall between them, one will be tall +0kHh-1bfs7u-00540-00177884-00178237 and multiples of fruit, one will be short and stunted. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00541-00178237-00178578 The taller is not better, the small one is not lesser, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00542-00178578-00178775 it's the one that had access to sunshine, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00543-00178775-00178938 something called photosynthesis, grew. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00544-00178938-00179265 When the walls come down, we can all grow together, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00545-00179265-00179429 and this land is our land [applause], +0kHh-1bfs7u-00546-00179429-00179649 this nation is our nation. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00547-00179649-00180556 [ Applause ] +0kHh-1bfs7u-00548-00180790-00181154 Learn to live with classmates of different ethnic groups +0kHh-1bfs7u-00549-00181154-00181577 and religions, we are an ethnic, a diverse nation. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00550-00181577-00181981 A multicultural nation [inaudible]. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00551-00181981-00182515 We've survived apart and must learn to live together. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00552-00182515-00183079 Living together across lines of race and gender and religion, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00553-00183079-00183263 the forward by hope, not backwards +0kHh-1bfs7u-00554-00183263-00183616 by fear must characterize our [inaudible] of efforts. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00555-00183616-00183716 The Bible puts it most [inaudible], +0kHh-1bfs7u-00556-00183716-00184080 says it's - it's healing time. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00557-00184080-00184250 It's hope time. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00558-00184250-00184390 It's mercy time. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00559-00184390-00184794 And if my people will call by my name and [inaudible] themselves +0kHh-1bfs7u-00560-00184794-00185602 and pray, and seek my face, and turn from the wicked ways, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00561-00185602-00185768 they'll hear from heaven, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00562-00185768-00186092 I will forgive their sins and heal their land. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00563-00186092-00186419 U of M, keep hope alive, this land is our land. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00564-00186419-00186549 Thank you very much! +0kHh-1bfs7u-00565-00186549-00187457 [ Cheering & Applause ] +0kHh-1bfs7u-00566-00189939-00190106 >> Bankole Thompson: Alright, good evening! +0kHh-1bfs7u-00567-00190106-00190270 I'm Bankole Thompson. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00568-00190270-00190597 Let me begin by thanking the leadership of this university, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00569-00190597-00190827 Susan Collins, the Dean of the Ford School, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00570-00190827-00191120 [inaudible] for this, John [inaudible], the Chairman +0kHh-1bfs7u-00571-00191120-00191574 of Rainbow Push, [inaudible], and, of course, my friend, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00572-00191574-00191868 Dr. Mark Schlissel, the 14th President of the University +0kHh-1bfs7u-00573-00191868-00192175 of Michigan for the leadership that the University +0kHh-1bfs7u-00574-00192175-00192298 of Michigan has provided. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00575-00192298-00192552 There is no other university right now in the nation, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00576-00192552-00192932 I think, that has been forefront with this kind of conversation +0kHh-1bfs7u-00577-00192932-00193289 around diversity, equity, and inclusion, so I think this is +0kHh-1bfs7u-00578-00193289-00193656 so significant that we're here, historically, at the University +0kHh-1bfs7u-00579-00193656-00194007 of Michigan where Kennedy unveiled the peace corp +0kHh-1bfs7u-00580-00194007-00194193 and several presidents +0kHh-1bfs7u-00581-00194193-00194394 in the past have appeared before this university +0kHh-1bfs7u-00582-00194394-00194644 to unveil issues around public policy. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00583-00194644-00194921 So we're here again with the Reverend Jesse Jackson. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00584-00194921-00195088 Before we begin, I want to thank my wife, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00585-00195088-00195355 who's always my support here, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00586-00195355-00195652 I think to need fulfill [inaudible], Dana Thompson. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00587-00195652-00196352 [ Applause ] +0kHh-1bfs7u-00588-00196352-00196653 [ Inaudible Comment ] +0kHh-1bfs7u-00589-00196653-00197053 [ Laughter & Applause ] +0kHh-1bfs7u-00590-00197053-00197961 [ Cheering & Applause ] +0kHh-1bfs7u-00591-00198081-00198251 Go blue! [Laughter] Alright, Dana is a professor +0kHh-1bfs7u-00592-00198251-00198508 at the University of Michigan Law School. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00593-00198508-00198695 >> Rev. Jesse Jackson: I have a grandson who's a freshman at U +0kHh-1bfs7u-00594-00198695-00198978 of M, and because he's in the university, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00595-00198978-00199255 he's in the engineering school, he's too busy +0kHh-1bfs7u-00596-00199255-00199562 to hear his granddad speak [laughter]. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00597-00199562-00199949 He's not playing football, he's designing football fields. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00598-00199949-00200623 [ Cheering & Applause ] +0kHh-1bfs7u-00599-00200623-00200957 >> Bankole Thompson: So, we have music and concert coming +0kHh-1bfs7u-00600-00200957-00201331 up to really serenade Reverend Jackson, but before then, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00601-00201331-00201497 there are lots of questions. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00602-00201497-00201698 I've been getting a lot of emails this afternoon +0kHh-1bfs7u-00603-00201698-00202148 from students who actually are interested in hearing from you, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00604-00202148-00202378 Reverend, about where we are as a nation. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00605-00202378-00202585 One of the questions says, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00606-00202585-00203096 is the Trump election the white uprising of 2016? +0kHh-1bfs7u-00607-00203096-00203426 How can we change the systemic mechanisms +0kHh-1bfs7u-00608-00203426-00203646 that benefit white people in America? +0kHh-1bfs7u-00609-00203646-00203950 Can it be done? +0kHh-1bfs7u-00610-00203950-00204077 >> Rev. Jesse Jackson: We've been here before. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00611-00204077-00204958 You know, in 1861, the choice was slavery or freedom, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00612-00205084-00205261 [inaudible] succession, [inaudible] human and freedom. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00613-00205261-00205531 We passed that test. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00614-00205531-00206025 1964, the choice was [inaudible] order, arguing the case +0kHh-1bfs7u-00615-00206025-00206349 for statehood segregation. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00616-00206349-00206552 And Johnson for a new, inclusive for America. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00617-00206552-00206903 We won that test. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00618-00206903-00207330 We didn't win the test last Tuesday, but it is not over. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00619-00207330-00207914 [Inaudible] because with a 2 million popular people vote, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00620-00207914-00208187 the people spoke louder than those who [inaudible]. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00621-00208187-00208755 We must not give up hope. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00622-00208755-00208888 [Inaudible] it's cloudy, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00623-00208888-00209282 but it does mean the sun's not shining beyond the clouds. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00624-00209282-00209622 Don't surrender your spirit. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00625-00209622-00209872 [Applause] Don't turn on your neighbors. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00626-00210303-00210723 It is wrong to ban Muslims. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00627-00210723-00210947 It is... +0kHh-1bfs7u-00628-00210947-00211474 [ Applause & Cheering ] +0kHh-1bfs7u-00629-00211474-00211844 It is wrong to glorify tearing down walls in Germany +0kHh-1bfs7u-00630-00211844-00212011 and building walls between us and Mexico. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00631-00212011-00212148 It is wrong. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00632-00212148-00212662 [ Applause ] +0kHh-1bfs7u-00633-00212662-00212885 It is wrong for men to try to control women's bodies +0kHh-1bfs7u-00634-00212885-00213042 and deny women the right of [inaudible]. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00635-00213042-00213349 [Applause] It is wrong. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00636-00213349-00213840 [ Applause ] +0kHh-1bfs7u-00637-00213840-00214083 It is wrong to [inaudible] LGBTQ +0kHh-1bfs7u-00638-00214083-00214450 to violate their person, it is wrong. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00639-00214450-00214961 [ Applause ] +0kHh-1bfs7u-00640-00214961-00215388 It's better we fight the right fight and lose, temporarily, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00641-00215388-00215541 than fight the wrong fight and win. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00642-00215541-00215752 Let's keep fighting the right fight. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00643-00215752-00216352 [ Applause & Cheering ] +0kHh-1bfs7u-00644-00216352-00216656 >> Bankole Thompson: I'm curious to know what your reaction was +0kHh-1bfs7u-00645-00216656-00217010 on the night of the election, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00646-00217010-00217203 because this was not only a national event, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00647-00217203-00217317 but a global event. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00648-00217317-00217510 The world was watching what was going to happen +0kHh-1bfs7u-00649-00217510-00217784 in the United States, what was your reaction. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00650-00217784-00218061 >> Rev. Jesse Jackson: I was disappointed [laughter]. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00651-00218061-00218705 But champions play with pain. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00652-00218705-00218998 You fall down, you get up again. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00653-00218998-00219182 Because the ground is no place for champions, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00654-00219182-00219432 you have to play even with the pain, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00655-00219432-00219806 and seek to understand what you're looking at. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00656-00219806-00220233 The fact that there is legitimate economic anxiety +0kHh-1bfs7u-00657-00220233-00220580 and pain at the base, we globalize to capital, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00658-00220580-00221090 but not human rights, not international law, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00659-00221090-00221531 not women's rights, not children's rights. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00660-00221531-00221851 If we're playing a basketball game in China, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00661-00221851-00222065 we can live with the outcome. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00662-00222065-00222502 If we were playing a trade game with China, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00663-00222502-00222639 we can't live with the outcome. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00664-00222639-00223066 On the athletic side, why we accept the outcome, [inaudible], +0kHh-1bfs7u-00665-00223066-00223676 and the rules are public and the goals are clear, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00666-00223676-00223990 the referee is fair and the score is transparent. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00667-00223990-00224170 That's not true on the trade side. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00668-00224170-00224477 So, fair trade is the answer, not isolation, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00669-00224477-00224777 we must learn fair trade is the answer. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00670-00224777-00224988 We cannot [inaudible] isolation, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00671-00224988-00225224 we are one-third of the hemisphere. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00672-00225224-00225405 Two-thirds of our neighbors speak Spanish, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00673-00225405-00225742 English is a [inaudible] language in this hemisphere. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00674-00225742-00225975 We need bridges, not walls. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00675-00225975-00226249 We are a great nation [applause] because we reach out. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00676-00226249-00226673 [ Applause ] +0kHh-1bfs7u-00677-00226673-00227023 When we live above international law and human rights +0kHh-1bfs7u-00678-00227023-00227453 and self-determination and economic justice, we declare - +0kHh-1bfs7u-00679-00227453-00227971 we declare preemptive wars and pay no price for it. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00680-00227971-00228324 We must live with and in the world, not above it. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00681-00228324-00228448 [Inaudible] precedes the fall. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00682-00228448-00228635 >> Bankole Thompson: The United States is the +0kHh-1bfs7u-00683-00228635-00228838 leading superpower. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00684-00228838-00229245 Looking at what happened Tuesday night, you get to travel +0kHh-1bfs7u-00685-00229245-00229379 around the world a lot, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00686-00229379-00229759 I'm curious how you think other nations, because the U.S., +0kHh-1bfs7u-00687-00229759-00229969 for a long time, has ascribed itself as sort +0kHh-1bfs7u-00688-00229969-00230223 of a moral authority, to call out nations +0kHh-1bfs7u-00689-00230223-00230603 that supposedly are violating human rights, or may not be, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00690-00230603-00230923 you know, really on the up and up. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00691-00230923-00231157 Even the state department keeps a list of nations +0kHh-1bfs7u-00692-00231157-00231461 that it claims have human rights violations, Nelson Mandela +0kHh-1bfs7u-00693-00231461-00231684 under Bush was listed as a terrorist, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00694-00231684-00231844 you know, until it was removed. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00695-00231844-00232308 I'm curious now, how do you think other nations, like Egypt +0kHh-1bfs7u-00696-00232308-00232622 and others, would not view the United States, looking at, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00697-00232622-00233032 you know, the - the political system here today? +0kHh-1bfs7u-00698-00233032-00233149 >> Rev. Jesse Jackson: [Pause] Much +0kHh-1bfs7u-00699-00233282-00233850 of our moral authority is our own self-described label. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00700-00233850-00234671 [ Applause ] +0kHh-1bfs7u-00701-00234671-00234937 Someone said to me the other day, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00702-00234937-00235321 that we're [inaudible] for 240 years. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00703-00235321-00235581 That counts as 1776. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00704-00235581-00235925 African [inaudible] here in 1690, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00705-00235925-00236469 we were here 157 years before 1776. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00706-00236469-00236679 Didn't we matter as we worked without wages? +0kHh-1bfs7u-00707-00236679-00237069 We went from no rights to three-fifths of a human being. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00708-00237069-00237367 It was after Jim Crow, from that to segregation. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00709-00237367-00237660 We are - we have, before us, the challenge +0kHh-1bfs7u-00710-00237660-00237847 of becoming a moral authority. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00711-00237847-00238291 And now we find ourselves growing increasingly arrogant. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00712-00238291-00238758 There's strength in humility and not in arrogance. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00713-00238758-00238858 In love, not in hate. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00714-00238858-00239392 If your neighbor's house is on fire. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00715-00239392-00239612 You say, I'm looking at the ballgame, I hear a siren, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00716-00239612-00239972 my neighbor's house is on fire, well [inaudible] on fire +0kHh-1bfs7u-00717-00239972-00240383 because he drinks and smokes and sniffs pot and all kind +0kHh-1bfs7u-00718-00240383-00240640 of drugs, and he went to sleep with a cigarette burning +0kHh-1bfs7u-00719-00240640-00240847 and set is his house on fire, he has a problem! +0kHh-1bfs7u-00720-00240847-00241120 He does have a problem, but the wind blows +0kHh-1bfs7u-00721-00241120-00241351 and you live next door. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00722-00241351-00241948 [ Applause ] +0kHh-1bfs7u-00723-00241948-00242161 So none of us are safe unless all of us are safe. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00724-00242161-00242275 We are each other's keeper. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00725-00242275-00242552 In a world where... +0kHh-1bfs7u-00726-00242552-00242915 [ Applause ] +0kHh-1bfs7u-00727-00242915-00243182 If we were all on a plane, in New York, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00728-00243182-00243636 one going to a synagogue and one going to L.A., +0kHh-1bfs7u-00729-00243636-00243946 we'd get there about the same time. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00730-00243946-00244203 Science has dwarfed distance +0kHh-1bfs7u-00731-00244203-00244520 and technology has distanced - has shortened time. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00732-00244520-00244881 There are no more foreigners in this world. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00733-00244881-00245081 Everybody sees what everybody [inaudible] real time, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00734-00245081-00245425 and so learning to live together is a moral challenge. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00735-00245425-00245618 I hope that we're up to that task. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00736-00245618-00246052 And I want this university to remain a moral sanctuary +0kHh-1bfs7u-00737-00246052-00246426 for caring for people, care for all your classmates, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00738-00246426-00246746 care for all of your professors and all your faculty members, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00739-00246746-00247053 we all matter at U of M. Set the pace for the nation. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00740-00247053-00247450 We're number one, not just because we play Ohio, but... +0kHh-1bfs7u-00741-00247450-00248358 [ Laughter ] +0kHh-1bfs7u-00742-00248474-00249095 Be number one when you play Ohio State. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00743-00249095-00249208 [Laughter] +0kHh-1bfs7u-00744-00249208-00249342 >> Bankole Thompson: So, you know, I was looking +0kHh-1bfs7u-00745-00249342-00249552 at the images across the nation, the protests in New York, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00746-00249552-00249986 in Chicago, across the land, normally those images come to us +0kHh-1bfs7u-00747-00249986-00250249 from the television screens around the world, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00748-00250249-00250663 when nations do not accept the legitimacy of their governments, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00749-00250663-00251047 they take to the streets to protest, basically, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00750-00251047-00251247 [inaudible] discontent about the president, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00751-00251247-00251547 about the leaders themselves, but, for the first time, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00752-00251547-00251781 perhaps, in recent memory, recent history, we're seeing +0kHh-1bfs7u-00753-00251781-00252115 in the United States, massive protests, thousands of people +0kHh-1bfs7u-00754-00252115-00252442 across the nation [inaudible] legitimate discontent. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00755-00252442-00252612 What do you make of that, and what does that say +0kHh-1bfs7u-00756-00252612-00252682 about the U.S. [inaudible]? +0kHh-1bfs7u-00757-00252682-00252822 >> Rev. Jesse Jackson: +0kHh-1bfs7u-00758-00252822-00253182 I met with some Mexican children the other day crying for fear +0kHh-1bfs7u-00759-00253182-00253476 of their parents being deported. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00760-00253476-00253790 There was some young Muslim girls who were upset +0kHh-1bfs7u-00761-00253790-00254133 because the hijab had been snatched from their heads. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00762-00254133-00254344 And if that happens to any one of your classmates, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00763-00254344-00254717 embrace them, you must be your own private sanctuary +0kHh-1bfs7u-00764-00254717-00255058 for your classmate, your friend, your neighbor, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00765-00255058-00255164 we cannot [inaudible]. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00766-00255164-00255511 To be silent is to betray our conscious. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00767-00255511-00255648 We must not be silent in the face +0kHh-1bfs7u-00768-00255648-00255952 of these violations of human rights. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00769-00255952-00256599 [ Applause ] +0kHh-1bfs7u-00770-00256599-00256919 There's a tug-of-war for the soul of America. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00771-00256919-00257383 Shall we be aristocracy for the few, and then make a lot +0kHh-1bfs7u-00772-00257383-00257660 of money and pay no taxes? +0kHh-1bfs7u-00773-00257660-00257940 Or shall we be a democracy for the many? +0kHh-1bfs7u-00774-00257940-00258341 Shall there be one person, one vote, or should we assume +0kHh-1bfs7u-00775-00258341-00258551 that one corporation, one person, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00776-00258551-00258698 which is so absurd and vulgar? +0kHh-1bfs7u-00777-00258698-00258788 Who are we? +0kHh-1bfs7u-00778-00258788-00259032 We have an identity crisis. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00779-00259032-00259422 We must be that land that we talk about, [inaudible], +0kHh-1bfs7u-00780-00259422-00259756 your poor, your hungry, [inaudible], +0kHh-1bfs7u-00781-00259756-00260383 what makes us great is embrace those who yearn for freedom, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00782-00260383-00260620 who yearn for dignity. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00783-00260620-00260903 As universities like this, students on this campus +0kHh-1bfs7u-00784-00260903-00261257 who fear being [inaudible] and deporting after next semester, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00785-00261257-00261547 we must put - take a strong stand +0kHh-1bfs7u-00786-00261547-00261728 against having our classmates deported. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00787-00261728-00262051 We must be each other's sanctuary. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00788-00262051-00262648 [ Applause ] +0kHh-1bfs7u-00789-00262648-00262812 >> Bankole Thompson: I know you just spoke +0kHh-1bfs7u-00790-00262812-00263296 with Senator Bernie Sanders, I'm curious as to your take, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00791-00263296-00263733 what do you think was - what was it that was underestimated +0kHh-1bfs7u-00792-00263733-00264007 about this election, that has proven those, perhaps, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00793-00264007-00264250 who were thinking optimistically, you know, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00794-00264250-00264494 supporting the other candidate, Hillary Clinton, wrong? +0kHh-1bfs7u-00795-00264494-00264824 What was the most underestimated about this election? +0kHh-1bfs7u-00796-00264824-00265161 >> Rev. Jesse Jackson: In what sense, Bankole? +0kHh-1bfs7u-00797-00265161-00265351 >> Bankole Thompson: Democrats who were anxious, that, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00798-00265351-00265515 basically, either way excited +0kHh-1bfs7u-00799-00265515-00265678 that Hillary Clinton was going to win. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00800-00265678-00265905 So, obviously, they underestimated something +0kHh-1bfs7u-00801-00265905-00266262 about the election that pivoted to Trump? +0kHh-1bfs7u-00802-00266262-00266402 >> Rev. Jesse Jackson: Two issues. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00803-00266402-00266649 One she did win. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00804-00266649-00267283 [ Applause ] +0kHh-1bfs7u-00805-00267283-00267867 In a democratic society, the popular vote matters. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00806-00267867-00268141 And a suppressed vote matters, and [inaudible]. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00807-00268141-00268604 Between the popular vote lead and the suppressed vote, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00808-00268604-00268798 that then equals victory. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00809-00268798-00269065 And we would not do well to assume +0kHh-1bfs7u-00810-00269065-00269298 that popular vote does not matter. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00811-00269298-00269662 Anybody [inaudible] will accept, in your cities, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00812-00269662-00269949 emerge [inaudible] elected officials. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00813-00269949-00270233 Elected officials, you get elected one day, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00814-00270233-00270463 and they're going to give you [inaudible] the next day. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00815-00270463-00270750 That's a - that's the kind of electoral college. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00816-00270750-00271040 We demand the right elected officials represent us, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00817-00271040-00271260 and that one person, one vote stand. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00818-00271260-00271564 And I would certainly hope that we would not give up on that, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00819-00271564-00271841 I think while there are those who want +0kHh-1bfs7u-00820-00271841-00271981 to make the Second Amendment a priority, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00821-00271981-00272165 as the First Amendment, [inaudible], +0kHh-1bfs7u-00822-00272165-00272388 because the First Amendment is a priority. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00823-00272388-00272792 Use your right to demonstrate, but do so non-violently, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00824-00272792-00273219 with discipline, goals, targets, demonstrations matter +0kHh-1bfs7u-00825-00273219-00273476 when they're clear and focused and non-violent. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00826-00273476-00273606 >> Bankole Thompson: President Barack Obama, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00827-00273606-00273863 the nation's first African American president has less +0kHh-1bfs7u-00828-00273863-00273996 than two months in office. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00829-00273996-00274303 In your remarks, you said, he should offer a preemptive, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00830-00274303-00274574 as you call it, pardon for Hillary Clinton. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00831-00274574-00274844 Are there other items, or a list of things that you would +0kHh-1bfs7u-00832-00274844-00275208 like Obama do before he exits the White House? +0kHh-1bfs7u-00833-00275208-00275324 >> Rev. Jesse Jackson: I think, first of all, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00834-00275324-00275671 in some perspective, when he came into office, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00835-00275671-00276165 we [inaudible] 3,000 [phonetic] jobs that month. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00836-00276165-00276412 You had a net gain of jobs every month since. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00837-00276412-00276619 That matters. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00838-00276619-00277153 The banks were in a global meltdown, they've been revived. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00839-00277153-00277547 Not connected to reinvestment and lending, but revived. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00840-00277547-00277797 All the [inaudible] had gone down. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00841-00277797-00278004 Even the Americans were laughing +0kHh-1bfs7u-00842-00278004-00278398 at low-quantity costs coming out of Michigan. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00843-00278398-00278641 Now we're number one again. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00844-00278641-00278791 20 million Americans have health insurance +0kHh-1bfs7u-00845-00278791-00278991 that did not have it before. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00846-00278991-00279132 Somebody said, well, the problem +0kHh-1bfs7u-00847-00279132-00279392 with Affordable Health Care is it balloons at the end. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00848-00279392-00279742 If a new car comes off the lot and the brakes are not working, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00849-00279742-00279999 the steering wheel not working, you don't destroy it, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00850-00279999-00280226 you recall it and fix it. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00851-00280226-00280443 Don't go backwards from affordable healthcare. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00852-00280443-00280707 People who don't have jobs and make little, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00853-00280707-00281024 need affordable healthcare more than ever. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00854-00281024-00281150 And so... +0kHh-1bfs7u-00855-00281150-00281597 [ Applause ] +0kHh-1bfs7u-00856-00281597-00281734 There are two things you can do. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00857-00281734-00281961 One is - if you were -- just look at Detroit for a moment, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00858-00281961-00282448 and we think creatively for a moment, if there's a commitment +0kHh-1bfs7u-00859-00282448-00282675 that we have 100,000 abandoned homes and abandoned lots +0kHh-1bfs7u-00860-00282675-00282995 in Detroit, and about the same in Chicago, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00861-00282995-00283903 to remove lead paint jobs, to landscaping and cut the weeds +0kHh-1bfs7u-00862-00284016-00284247 and the bushes down, and use [inaudible] loans +0kHh-1bfs7u-00863-00284247-00284791 to put entrepreneurs in business jobs, to demolish those homes +0kHh-1bfs7u-00864-00284791-00285181 and businesses that cannot be restored jobs, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00865-00285181-00285832 [inaudible] boards, put in windowpanes and put in painting +0kHh-1bfs7u-00866-00285832-00285978 and [inaudible] and roofing. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00867-00285978-00286085 That may be more jobs +0kHh-1bfs7u-00868-00286085-00286325 than people [inaudible] jobs are priority. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00869-00286325-00286736 Let's put America back to work be a priority. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00870-00286736-00286993 That was Dr. King's last mission. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00871-00286993-00287407 And so we need a White House conference on violence, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00872-00287407-00287650 causes and cures, all you have +0kHh-1bfs7u-00873-00287650-00287884 to do is dust off the [inaudible] report, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00874-00287884-00288071 violence causes and cures, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00875-00288071-00288641 we're the most heavily armed nation on earth. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00876-00288641-00289138 We lost about 6,000 soldiers in Iraq in 10 years, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00877-00289138-00289415 and 30,000 a year at home. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00878-00289415-00289719 We are the most violent nation on earth. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00879-00289719-00289849 And we can't deny it +0kHh-1bfs7u-00880-00289849-00290246 and we certainly should not brag about it. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00881-00290246-00290753 And when the idea of allowing military assault weapons +0kHh-1bfs7u-00882-00290753-00291060 to be sold on commonplace, there's no defense +0kHh-1bfs7u-00883-00291060-00291267 against these weapons. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00884-00291267-00291644 I don't know what an executive order can do, but these - +0kHh-1bfs7u-00885-00291644-00291864 these weapons can shoot down planes. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00886-00291864-00292024 They shoot up churches and theaters, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00887-00292024-00292448 we must ban military assault weapons. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00888-00292448-00293249 [ Applause ] +0kHh-1bfs7u-00889-00293249-00293556 [ Inaudible Comment ] +0kHh-1bfs7u-00890-00293556-00293873 Lincoln could have taken the position, given the Civil War, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00891-00293873-00294353 where Calhoun and Lee and those guys, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00892-00294353-00294634 sought to overthrow our government. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00893-00294634-00295054 They could have been convicted and hung, tried, executed. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00894-00295054-00295354 Lincoln said, for the good of our nation, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00895-00295354-00295688 let's heal the wounds of war and go forward. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00896-00295688-00296142 And he forgave them and pardoned them, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00897-00296142-00296609 and there was [inaudible] to punish them. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00898-00296609-00296839 [Inaudible] Americans were killed, more than any other war +0kHh-1bfs7u-00899-00296839-00297343 since that time, but Lincoln chose healing and not hurting. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00900-00297343-00297653 [Inaudible] the same [inaudible] with Nixon. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00901-00297653-00298121 There were those who wanted [inaudible] to get met, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00902-00298121-00298578 and it would have been kind of a gratification for some. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00903-00298578-00298805 We finally got him. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00904-00298805-00299102 President Ford said, no, we don't need him [inaudible], +0kHh-1bfs7u-00905-00299102-00299582 we need them to move on, go on with the nation's business. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00906-00299582-00299822 And, by the way, Nixon was not tried. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00907-00299822-00300336 Was not convicted, and didn't apply for a pardon. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00908-00300336-00300650 Ford made an executive order +0kHh-1bfs7u-00909-00300650-00300947 in the national interest of America. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00910-00300947-00301260 Hillary Clinton has not been tried or convicted, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00911-00301260-00301564 facing [phonetic] all those hearings, but there are those +0kHh-1bfs7u-00912-00301564-00301794 who want to drag her, for the next three years, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00913-00301794-00302201 and to make a [inaudible] of defining who we are. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00914-00302201-00302465 It's not fair, it's not necessary. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00915-00302465-00302792 If you unleash this special prosecutor, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00916-00302792-00303132 they have God-like powers, more than even - +0kHh-1bfs7u-00917-00303132-00303359 attorney general's cannot stop them. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00918-00303359-00303553 Presidents cannot stop them. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00919-00303553-00303793 They will not stop until they find some reason +0kHh-1bfs7u-00920-00303793-00303926 to put her in jail. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00921-00303926-00304090 What a travesty that would be. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00922-00304090-00304280 How [inaudible], how unnecessary. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00923-00304280-00304604 I say only pardon her, but several thousand - +0kHh-1bfs7u-00924-00304604-00304971 several thousand other Americans who paid their federal dues +0kHh-1bfs7u-00925-00304971-00305258 for the crime they committed, and pardon them too. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00926-00305258-00305531 A kind of emancipation proclamation, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00927-00305531-00305755 let's start over again. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00928-00305755-00306332 [ Applause ] +0kHh-1bfs7u-00929-00306332-00306569 Now, I'm not talking about let those in jail out, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00930-00306569-00306763 that's not what I'm discussing. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00931-00306763-00307156 They're paying their dues, who have served their time, and out. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00932-00307156-00307467 [Inaudible] burden of the label of ex-felon, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00933-00307467-00307767 many of them can't vote and they can't function. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00934-00307767-00308054 If we reduce their debt, we'll reduce the damage +0kHh-1bfs7u-00935-00308054-00308347 and reduce their person, reduce their productivity. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00936-00308347-00308591 What's the purpose, if the jury's give you five years, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00937-00308591-00308851 why should society give you 25 more? +0kHh-1bfs7u-00938-00308851-00309378 [ Applause ] +0kHh-1bfs7u-00939-00309378-00309525 >> Bankole Thompson: There's another issue that I want +0kHh-1bfs7u-00940-00309525-00309629 to bring up, because you talked +0kHh-1bfs7u-00941-00309629-00309796 about putting America back to work. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00942-00309796-00310486 The Flint water crisis, what happens to Flint now? +0kHh-1bfs7u-00943-00310486-00310686 >> Rev. Jesse Jackson: [Pause] Flint needs water bottles, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00944-00310686-00311003 not water pipes, water bottles. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00945-00311003-00311344 The people of Flint [applause] stand out, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00946-00311344-00311637 there are now other places in Michigan with water +0kHh-1bfs7u-00947-00311637-00312058 as poisonous, as it were in Flint. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00948-00312058-00312518 It just says that - I'm inclined to believe +0kHh-1bfs7u-00949-00312518-00313012 that there have been a lot of publicity around Flint. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00950-00313012-00313199 If there were commitment to - +0kHh-1bfs7u-00951-00313199-00313429 [inaudible] infrastructure project, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00952-00313429-00313576 which steelworkers would like to work, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00953-00313576-00313916 and for those construction people [inaudible], save lives +0kHh-1bfs7u-00954-00313916-00314230 and the environment - and the environment, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00955-00314230-00314731 we have no idea the impact that water with heavy lead +0kHh-1bfs7u-00956-00314731-00315047 on the lives of children the rest of their lives. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00957-00315047-00315435 Flint is a national disgrace and should be a national priority. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00958-00315435-00315765 This governor has a six million dollar rainy day [phonetic] +0kHh-1bfs7u-00959-00315765-00316055 fund, not a dime has gone to Flint. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00960-00316055-00316502 Flint, it's raining in Flint, raining down poison. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00961-00316502-00316856 The federal government calls Flint an emergency, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00962-00316856-00316976 not as a disaster. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00963-00316976-00317253 So the federal government offers 5 million rather +0kHh-1bfs7u-00964-00317253-00317417 than 95 million. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00965-00317417-00317797 Flint is a disaster zone, and needs recovering now. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00966-00317797-00318147 Flint deserves recovery now. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00967-00318147-00318654 [ Applause ] +0kHh-1bfs7u-00968-00318654-00318861 >> Bankole Thompson: We saw the auto industry crisis towards the +0kHh-1bfs7u-00969-00318861-00318995 end of the Bush administration. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00970-00318995-00319322 Obama, President Obama came in and rescued the industry. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00971-00319322-00319559 Now we're seeing the Flint water crisis. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00972-00319559-00319932 What do you expect, or should we expect, what should be done +0kHh-1bfs7u-00973-00319932-00320346 as it relates to the administration of Donald Trump? +0kHh-1bfs7u-00974-00320480-00320646 >> Rev. Jesse Jackson: Well, he has said that a priority +0kHh-1bfs7u-00975-00320646-00321080 for him [inaudible] issue is to invest in infrastructure. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00976-00321080-00321370 There certainly is a way putting America back to work. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00977-00321370-00321794 We have several trillion dollars in offshore taxes +0kHh-1bfs7u-00978-00321794-00321958 that have not been paid. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00979-00321958-00322188 He understands how that works [laugher]. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00980-00322188-00322815 And there should be a system arranged, a difference made, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00981-00322815-00323186 to bring that money back to America, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00982-00323186-00323423 targeted for reinvestment. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00983-00323423-00323723 These [inaudible] need more than a [inaudible] +0kHh-1bfs7u-00984-00323723-00323906 than the development banks. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00985-00323906-00324380 We say [inaudible] plan, we're not talking about the amount +0kHh-1bfs7u-00986-00324380-00324704 of money in [inaudible] plan, there may have been 13 billion. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00987-00324704-00324914 What made the [inaudible] plan significant was +0kHh-1bfs7u-00988-00324914-00325374 in [inaudible] it was 50 years of loan, little interest loans, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00989-00325374-00325588 and these inner cities that have been devastated +0kHh-1bfs7u-00990-00325588-00326072 by bank exploitation and government lack of investment, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00991-00326072-00326572 and by various forms of escape, we need not only +0kHh-1bfs7u-00992-00326572-00326883 to redevelop them, but a banking system +0kHh-1bfs7u-00993-00326883-00327150 for those zones for reconstruction. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00994-00327150-00327343 We know how to reconstruct nations, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00995-00327343-00327643 and we should apply it at home. +0kHh-1bfs7u-00996-00327643-00327800 >> Bankole Thompson: You talk about Detroit +0kHh-1bfs7u-00997-00327800-00327957 and reconstruction a lot, +0kHh-1bfs7u-00998-00327957-00328234 and I spoke to the mayor's administration this week +0kHh-1bfs7u-00999-00328234-00328584 for a column tomorrow about how the city of Detroit responds +0kHh-1bfs7u-01000-00328584-00328775 to the Trump administration. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01001-00328775-00329305 How do you think, or what should urban cities do, Chicago, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01002-00329305-00329595 Detroit, Washington, you name it across the nation, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01003-00329595-00329779 how should they relate +0kHh-1bfs7u-01004-00329779-00330109 to the new administration in Washington? +0kHh-1bfs7u-01005-00330109-00330386 >> Rev. Jesse Jackson: We need economic reconstruction. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01006-00330386-00330903 But we cannot tradeoff how we treat our neighbor. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01007-00330903-00331377 I want a job, but the price you pay for it cannot be +0kHh-1bfs7u-01008-00331377-00331684 to violate people's human rights. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01009-00331684-00331848 We can do both. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01010-00331848-00332188 [ Applause ] +0kHh-1bfs7u-01011-00332188-00332391 We can rebuild schools without having children +0kHh-1bfs7u-01012-00332391-00332645 in school crying, fearing deportation. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01013-00332645-00333262 You can rebuild cities without having, without banding Muslim. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01014-00333262-00333463 We can rebuild cities with xenophobic language +0kHh-1bfs7u-01015-00333463-00333743 and behavior, so that the issue is not, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01016-00333743-00334020 shall we reconstruct the cities? +0kHh-1bfs7u-01017-00334020-00334177 It's we reconstruct relationships. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01018-00334177-00334924 We share 2,000 miles of border with Mexico, 2,000 miles. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01019-00334924-00335284 We do more trade with Mexico in a given day +0kHh-1bfs7u-01020-00335284-00335425 than we do with China and Japan. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01021-00335425-00335848 Do you want to make your next door neighbor an enemy? +0kHh-1bfs7u-01022-00335848-00336082 It's irrational! +0kHh-1bfs7u-01023-00336082-00336456 Mexico is a gateway to South Central Latin America. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01024-00336456-00336766 That's why I said, as we think global and not just locally +0kHh-1bfs7u-01025-00336766-00337036 and see the world through [inaudible], +0kHh-1bfs7u-01026-00337036-00337340 we are six percent the world's population. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01027-00337340-00337934 And Putin, and his - Mr. Trump's group represents six percent. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01028-00337934-00338211 Most - that - one-eighth of the human race is African, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01029-00338211-00338454 one-fourth Nigerian, two-thirds +0kHh-1bfs7u-01030-00338454-00338591 of our neighbors are Latin Americans. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01031-00338591-00339035 Most people in the world are yellow, brown, black, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01032-00339035-00339525 non-Christian, poor, female, young, they don't speak English, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01033-00339525-00339992 in that world, let's lead the world in coexistence and not +0kHh-1bfs7u-01034-00339992-00340299 through [inaudible], and that world, we must live together. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01035-00340299-00340453 >> Bankole Thompson: I want to run some names by you. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01036-00340453-00340803 These - these have been talked about as potential picks, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01037-00340803-00340997 cabinet secretaries for the new... +0kHh-1bfs7u-01038-00340997-00341150 >> Rev. Jesse Jackson: Don't do that to me. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01039-00341150-00341674 [ Laughter & Applause ] +0kHh-1bfs7u-01040-00341674-00341878 >> Bankole Thompson: Rudy Giuliani, the former mayor +0kHh-1bfs7u-01041-00341878-00342141 of New York has been mentioned as a potential - +0kHh-1bfs7u-01042-00342141-00342411 the number one diplomat for the United Nation - +0kHh-1bfs7u-01043-00342411-00342832 for the United States, [inaudible], Senator is also, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01044-00342832-00343189 his name is in the ring as a potential Attorney General. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01045-00343189-00343372 What is your take so far by these names +0kHh-1bfs7u-01046-00343372-00343616 that have been put out here? +0kHh-1bfs7u-01047-00343616-00343986 >> Rev. Jesse Jackson: Make America great again [laughter]. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01048-00343986-00344340 I mean, they represent their [inaudible]. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01049-00344340-00344724 It seems to me that some people have to make some decisions. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01050-00344724-00345401 Like, I really voted for him, but I'm willing to excuse all +0kHh-1bfs7u-01051-00345401-00345782 of this stuff to get to him, because I might get a job. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01052-00345782-00346135 You should not risk [inaudible] and maybe even for a job. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01053-00346135-00346359 We need jobs. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01054-00346469-00346636 [Applause] We also need decency and dignity +0kHh-1bfs7u-01055-00346636-00346856 in the sense of humanity as well. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01056-00346856-00347213 And I'm concerned that as we look at these - +0kHh-1bfs7u-01057-00347213-00347430 some of these names that have been surfaced, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01058-00347430-00347864 that they may do our nation harm. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01059-00347864-00348337 But that - if we - if we concede this election and don't fight +0kHh-1bfs7u-01060-00348337-00348845 for the suppressed vote, and - and December 19th, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01061-00348845-00349155 which the day the electors elect, we'll have to live +0kHh-1bfs7u-01062-00349155-00349258 with that for a season. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01063-00349258-00349465 It will not be a pretty picture, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01064-00349465-00349766 because the rural are not standing by waiting +0kHh-1bfs7u-01065-00349766-00350099 for us to violate them. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01066-00350099-00350453 We - isolation is not the way of the world. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01067-00350453-00350640 Globalization is a way of the world, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01068-00350640-00350853 but it must be balanced globalization. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01069-00350853-00351170 It's interesting that our telecom +0kHh-1bfs7u-01070-00351170-00351768 and our transmedia has a balance system, but economics do not, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01071-00351768-00352098 and so we must balance our global economics. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01072-00352098-00352295 Also, most people realize, we're not a part +0kHh-1bfs7u-01073-00352295-00352572 of the - of the world court. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01074-00352572-00352982 So we're - all the poor nations, when they violate a [inaudible] +0kHh-1bfs7u-01075-00352982-00353319 for the world court, but we shouldn't - we should not live +0kHh-1bfs7u-01076-00353319-00353536 about the world court. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01077-00353536-00353786 We should all commit ourself to justice. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01078-00353786-00354107 When your school plays Ohio State in a few days from now, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01079-00354107-00354547 on the for real side, you want to win the game, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01080-00354547-00354787 you really [inaudible] to win the game. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01081-00354787-00355294 If it's 10 yards for every first down, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01082-00355294-00355581 and [inaudible] touchdowns, you can accept the outcome. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01083-00355581-00355945 But if one school has to run 12 yards for a first down +0kHh-1bfs7u-01084-00355945-00356272 and one has to run eight yards, you can't accept the outcome. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01085-00356272-00356739 It is just out of justice, peace comes out of justice. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01086-00356739-00356879 A sense of fairness. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01087-00356879-00357296 And you cannot favor the teams wearing the teams wearing the +0kHh-1bfs7u-01088-00357296-00357623 gray and [inaudible] wearing blue and gold. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01089-00357623-00357770 There must be a sense of fairness. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01090-00357770-00358027 We've seem to have given up on justice +0kHh-1bfs7u-01091-00358027-00358097 as a reasonable [inaudible]. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01092-00358097-00358381 Justice is reasonable. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01093-00358381-00358688 >> Bankole Thompson: It is often said, Reverend, that, you know, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01094-00358688-00358901 a truly function in democracy has +0kHh-1bfs7u-01095-00358901-00359175 to have a vibrant [inaudible]. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01096-00359175-00359599 We've seen a pattern now, since Donald Trump's election, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01097-00359599-00359916 picking a fight with the media this morning, with Twitter, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01098-00359916-00360293 with New York Times, and it concerns about the role +0kHh-1bfs7u-01099-00360293-00360500 of the media here in moving forward, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01100-00360500-00360723 especially after this election, lessons learned. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01101-00360723-00361027 >> Rev. Jesse Jackson: Well, one lesson learned is +0kHh-1bfs7u-01102-00361027-00361177 that the media cannot - +0kHh-1bfs7u-01103-00361177-00361517 the media did a lot to promote Trump. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01104-00361517-00361934 And was not as - did not critique as well +0kHh-1bfs7u-01105-00361934-00362064 as it should have critiqued. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01106-00362064-00362515 But we need a free and vibrant media. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01107-00362515-00362652 And we cannot... +0kHh-1bfs7u-01108-00362652-00362945 [ Applause ] +0kHh-1bfs7u-01109-00362945-00363346 Social media opinions are not the same +0kHh-1bfs7u-01110-00363346-00363753 as well-trained journalists who think and do research. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01111-00363753-00364350 [ Applause ] +0kHh-1bfs7u-01112-00364350-00364547 Social media opinions cannot compare +0kHh-1bfs7u-01113-00364547-00364757 with the well-thought out story. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01114-00364757-00364977 We must not give up on that narrative. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01115-00364977-00365318 >> Bankole Thompson: I have two more questions. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01116-00365318-00365665 We've seen, before this election, the new wave. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01117-00365665-00365885 We've talked about this, University of Missouri, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01118-00365885-00366222 diversity, equity, and inclusion and so forth, but going back +0kHh-1bfs7u-01119-00366222-00366522 to the Civil Rights Movement, it's well-documented that, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01120-00366522-00366652 you know, the movement +0kHh-1bfs7u-01121-00366652-00366999 for social change actually started on student campuses. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01122-00366999-00367310 For some, this moment represents, perhaps, a new era, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01123-00367310-00367667 a new civil rights movement, or, perhaps, reigniting the past. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01124-00367667-00368057 What role do you see students playing on university campuses +0kHh-1bfs7u-01125-00368057-00368411 across this nation at this point in time? +0kHh-1bfs7u-01126-00368411-00368548 >> Rev. Jesse Jackson: Being a social [inaudible], +0kHh-1bfs7u-01127-00368548-00369085 use their freedom to mature and to assess social justice. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01128-00369085-00369705 I remember, 19-years-old, going to jail with seven classmates, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01129-00369705-00370019 trying to use the public library, I came into my sense +0kHh-1bfs7u-01130-00370019-00370446 of maturity [inaudible], losing my fear of jail +0kHh-1bfs7u-01131-00370446-00370700 and death by going to a jail. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01132-00370700-00371087 And then other jailings, fighting to open the doors. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01133-00371087-00371367 The good news is, what keeps my hope alive, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01134-00371367-00371677 is that we have these [inaudible], but we're winning. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01135-00371677-00372285 When I look at Carolina Panthers or the Atlanta Falcons, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01136-00372285-00372515 they couldn't have been behind the cotton curtain, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01137-00372515-00372665 it would have been illegal. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01138-00372665-00373032 You couldn't have had the Olympics behind the cotton +0kHh-1bfs7u-01139-00373032-00373136 curtain in Atlanta, Georgia. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01140-00373136-00373429 You couldn't have had CNN in Georgia, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01141-00373429-00373649 you couldn't have had South Carolina +0kHh-1bfs7u-01142-00373649-00373893 as the number one producer of tires behind the cotton curtain. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01143-00373893-00374347 You couldn't have had the great [inaudible] Alabama [inaudible] +0kHh-1bfs7u-01144-00374347-00374680 behind the cotton - we are more civil. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01145-00374680-00375148 But it's just like swimming from Britain to France. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01146-00375148-00375314 It's not the distance that's [inaudible], +0kHh-1bfs7u-01147-00375314-00375731 it's the undercurrent, and there is, in life, undercurrents, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01148-00375731-00376335 there are crosswinds that are unanticipated. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01149-00376335-00376582 And some of them winds, knock you down. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01150-00376582-00376899 You could not look for the first blades of grass to lie on, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01151-00376899-00377123 you've got to get back up and keep fighting. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01152-00377123-00377513 I repeat again, deep water does not drown you. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01153-00377513-00377753 You drown when you stop kicking. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01154-00377753-00378010 Paul said there was a shipwreck one time +0kHh-1bfs7u-01155-00378010-00378171 and people were inclined to panic. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01156-00378171-00378384 [Inaudible] were some [inaudible] boards, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01157-00378384-00378801 and some were broken pieces. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01158-00378801-00379255 A few days ago, [inaudible], I was walking down the street, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01159-00379255-00379662 and I saw, well, I really didn't see it because I slipped +0kHh-1bfs7u-01160-00379662-00380076 and fell, broken sidewalks, and a root had grown under one +0kHh-1bfs7u-01161-00380076-00380276 of trees and lifted the sidewalk, and it was kind +0kHh-1bfs7u-01162-00380276-00380630 of lifted, and I looked back to where I had fallen, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01163-00380630-00380983 and in that crack, there was some grass coming out, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01164-00380983-00381477 just a little daylight, a little sunshine, a little water, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01165-00381477-00381811 life sometimes comes through the cracks. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01166-00381811-00382011 Sometimes it does not come in hope, he says, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01167-00382011-00382552 you must find life wherever it is and let life express itself. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01168-00382552-00382889 Even [inaudible] cannot suppress us ultimately. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01169-00382889-00383392 We the people, in the end, right will prevail. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01170-00383392-00383739 [inaudible] character and character breeds faith, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01171-00383739-00383876 in the end faith will prevail. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01172-00383876-00384313 It is on that belief that we go forward and don't surrender. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01173-00384313-00384423 >> Bankole Thompson: That's a nice segway, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01174-00384423-00384567 Reverend, to my final question. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01175-00384567-00384884 Next week is Thanksgiving, there are lots of families +0kHh-1bfs7u-01176-00384884-00385138 who will be having Thanksgiving, but in fear, in a state of fear, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01177-00385138-00385391 unsure what will happen the next day, the next week. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01178-00385391-00385768 In January, what do you say to those families that, you know, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01179-00385768-00385968 might have a different Thanksgiving this year +0kHh-1bfs7u-01180-00385968-00386372 because of the climate in the nation today? +0kHh-1bfs7u-01181-00386372-00386482 >> Rev. Jesse Jackson: Well, if I were a turkey, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01182-00386482-00386716 I would not organize a Thanksgiving dinner, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01183-00386716-00386929 that's the first thing [laughter]. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01184-00386929-00387089 [Inaudible] The turkey should not organize +0kHh-1bfs7u-01185-00387089-00387323 Thanksgiving dinners. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01186-00387323-00387500 You got the point? +0kHh-1bfs7u-01187-00387500-00387657 Break a leg [phonetic]? +0kHh-1bfs7u-01188-00387657-00387753 >> Bankole Thompson: Yes I do. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01189-00387753-00387867 [Laughter] +0kHh-1bfs7u-01190-00387867-00388127 >> Rev. Jesse Jackson: Well, we cannot settle +0kHh-1bfs7u-01191-00388127-00388524 for people having a meal a day a year, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01192-00388524-00388674 people need to have the capacity +0kHh-1bfs7u-01193-00388674-00388931 to have a balanced meal everyday. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01194-00388931-00389152 That's the first issue. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01195-00389152-00389512 [ APplause ] +0kHh-1bfs7u-01196-00389512-00389665 Some of the great heroes and heroes +0kHh-1bfs7u-01197-00389665-00389959 of our time are people who, in World War II, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01198-00389959-00390540 who found threatened Jews and gave them sanctuary. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01199-00390540-00390706 Their lines were defined [phonetic] by providing +0kHh-1bfs7u-01200-00390706-00391043 for frightened people's sanctuary. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01201-00391043-00391450 A little love will do, if there is some student, some classmate +0kHh-1bfs7u-01202-00391450-00391834 of yours who you know is anxious and maybe cry at night +0kHh-1bfs7u-01203-00391834-00392168 because the fear of deportation. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01204-00392168-00392472 Maybe take them home for Thanksgiving with you, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01205-00392472-00392825 and be kind, and not only should your school be a sanctuary, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01206-00392825-00393146 and not - and fight for policies that protect. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01207-00393146-00393556 I mean, you have students in this university right now +0kHh-1bfs7u-01208-00393556-00394053 who have come against great odds and they're doing well in class, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01209-00394053-00394267 but they fear being deported. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01210-00394267-00394557 We can mobilize and fight for policies +0kHh-1bfs7u-01211-00394557-00394744 that stop that from happening. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01212-00394744-00395117 I think if we mobilize, the worst may not happen. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01213-00395117-00395454 It is - it's solace that betrayal. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01214-00395454-00395825 When we didn't have the right to vote, we got the right to vote +0kHh-1bfs7u-01215-00395825-00396128 because we marched with discipline. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01216-00396128-00396412 All I'm saying to you is that fight +0kHh-1bfs7u-01217-00396412-00396669 for the [inaudible] right to vote. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01218-00396669-00396923 What makes America great is the right to fight +0kHh-1bfs7u-01219-00396923-00397353 for the right fight for affordable healthcare, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01220-00397353-00397670 [inaudible] student loan, debt reduction, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01221-00397670-00398034 fight to forgive student loans, fight for that +0kHh-1bfs7u-01222-00398034-00398334 which are meaningful to you, fight for Supreme Court justice, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01223-00398334-00398648 the moral of supreme, not just supreme in their power, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01224-00398648-00399068 and keep fighting, and there are checks and balances, you know, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01225-00399068-00399352 Trump will not make a move on America +0kHh-1bfs7u-01226-00399352-00399615 like he moved on the hotel. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01227-00399615-00399996 There are checks and balances, because I [inaudible], +0kHh-1bfs7u-01228-00399996-00400406 one reason why he is not going to move the way +0kHh-1bfs7u-01229-00400406-00400546 from [inaudible] he thought he was, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01230-00400546-00400830 because his constituents need affordable care. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01231-00400830-00401097 There are people who were so confused +0kHh-1bfs7u-01232-00401097-00401454 until they wanted affordable care, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01233-00401454-00401664 but they didn't want Obamacare [laughter]. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01234-00401664-00402275 They wanted omelet, but didn't want eggs. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01235-00402275-00402371 [Laughter] But now they will find out. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01236-00402371-00402545 Thank you very much! +0kHh-1bfs7u-01237-00402545-00403452 [ Laughter & Applause ] +0kHh-1bfs7u-01238-00403996-00404223 >> Aaron Dworkin: My name is Aaron Dworkin, I serve as Dean +0kHh-1bfs7u-01239-00404223-00404490 of the School of Music, Theater, and Dance here +0kHh-1bfs7u-01240-00404490-00404747 at the University of Michigan. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01241-00404747-00405101 [ Applause & Cheering ] +0kHh-1bfs7u-01242-00405101-00405441 First, I would just like to share our appreciation again +0kHh-1bfs7u-01243-00405441-00405915 to Reverend Jackson for joining us as we celebrate your legacy +0kHh-1bfs7u-01244-00405915-00406329 and commitment to civil rights for more than 50 years. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01245-00406329-00406449 Thank you again! +0kHh-1bfs7u-01246-00406449-00406973 [ Applause ] +0kHh-1bfs7u-01247-00406973-00407236 As we get set up here, I just wanted to share, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01248-00407236-00407573 when Dean Collins shared with me her desire, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01249-00407573-00407867 that the performing arts and its role +0kHh-1bfs7u-01250-00407867-00408217 in the Civil Rights Movement serve as an important part +0kHh-1bfs7u-01251-00408217-00408624 of this symposium, I was moved and filled with excitement +0kHh-1bfs7u-01252-00408624-00408945 for the opportunity that our students would have +0kHh-1bfs7u-01253-00408945-00409172 to demonstrate some of the ways +0kHh-1bfs7u-01254-00409172-00409652 in which the arts can help us shape a better society. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01255-00409652-00409959 The reality is that the arts have played a pivotal role +0kHh-1bfs7u-01256-00409959-00410413 in social justice movements from the very beginning. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01257-00410413-00410630 Frederick Douglass, the great orator, statesman, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01258-00410630-00410850 freedom fighter, leading the abolitionist movement, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01259-00410850-00411227 played the violin, as well as his son and his grandson, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01260-00411227-00411487 Joseph Douglass, was the first black violinist +0kHh-1bfs7u-01261-00411487-00411831 to tour nationally and internationally. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01262-00411831-00412181 Frederick Douglass believed all fully-emancipated, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01263-00412181-00412492 civilized men should understand music. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01264-00412492-00412712 To that end, he taught himself to play the violin, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01265-00412712-00412929 which served an important role in his life +0kHh-1bfs7u-01266-00412929-00413299 and which is why you will find his violin atop his desk +0kHh-1bfs7u-01267-00413299-00413753 at the Frederick Douglass museum in D.C. Martin Luther King, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01268-00413753-00414006 Jr. and many others in the Civil Rights Movement, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01269-00414006-00414360 grew up with a piano and the performing arts in their homes. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01270-00414360-00414594 Martin and Coretta met at a music school, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01271-00414594-00414967 where she was studying voice and violin. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01272-00414967-00415428 Dr. King shared at a speech he gave in 1964, in Berlin, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01273-00415428-00415775 long before the modern SAS and scholars wrote +0kHh-1bfs7u-01274-00415775-00416229 of racial identity as a problem for a multiracial world, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01275-00416229-00416612 musicians were returning to their roots to affirm +0kHh-1bfs7u-01276-00416612-00416899 that which was stirring within their souls. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01277-00416899-00417156 Much of the power of our Freedom Movement +0kHh-1bfs7u-01278-00417156-00417550 in the United States has come from this music. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01279-00417550-00417807 It has strengthened us with its sweet rhythms +0kHh-1bfs7u-01280-00417807-00418010 when courage began to fail. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01281-00418010-00418264 It has calmed us with its rich harmonies +0kHh-1bfs7u-01282-00418264-00418594 when spirits were down, for in the particular struggle +0kHh-1bfs7u-01283-00418594-00418968 of the Negro in America, there is something akin +0kHh-1bfs7u-01284-00418968-00419348 to the universal struggle of modern man. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01285-00419348-00419595 For over 50 years, Reverend Jackson has been +0kHh-1bfs7u-01286-00419595-00419882 at the forefront of these issues. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01287-00419882-00420236 Of the great Mahalia Jackson, you stated, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01288-00420236-00420610 that's where the power comes from, when there is no gap +0kHh-1bfs7u-01289-00420610-00420903 between what you say and who you are, what you say +0kHh-1bfs7u-01290-00420903-00421324 and what you believe, when you can express that in song, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01291-00421324-00421621 it is all the more powerful. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01292-00421621-00421864 It is now my honor to welcome to the stage, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01293-00421864-00422245 a number of our talented SMTD students and faculty +0kHh-1bfs7u-01294-00422245-00422662 who will depict the values and ignite the emotions +0kHh-1bfs7u-01295-00422662-00423125 of the Civil Rights Movement through song, dance, drama, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01296-00423125-00423262 and instrumental music. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01297-00423262-00423589 Each artist and performance will be individually introduced +0kHh-1bfs7u-01298-00423589-00423903 by Justin Gordon, who is an LSNA student, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01299-00423903-00424290 minoring in global theater and ethnic studies. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01300-00424290-00424510 Ladies and gentlemen, please join me +0kHh-1bfs7u-01301-00424510-00424754 in welcoming Mr. Gordon to the stage. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01302-00424754-00425661 [ Applause & Cheering ] +0kHh-1bfs7u-01303-00425755-00425832 >> Justin Gordon: Good afternoon! +0kHh-1bfs7u-01304-00425832-00425915 Good afternoon, everybody! +0kHh-1bfs7u-01305-00425915-00426052 Good afternoon, good afternoon! +0kHh-1bfs7u-01306-00426052-00426592 I am humbled and grateful to be here, and I'd like to speak +0kHh-1bfs7u-01307-00426592-00426839 on behalf of all of my family in the room, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01308-00426839-00427136 personally to Reverend Jackson, and say that, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01309-00427136-00427360 after your remarks today and your presence here on campus, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01310-00427360-00427507 I'll respect in reverence for you +0kHh-1bfs7u-01311-00427507-00427944 and your legacy has deepened even more, and I just want +0kHh-1bfs7u-01312-00427944-00428224 to give a humbled thank you to begin this - this serenade +0kHh-1bfs7u-01313-00428224-00428467 of music and performance for you. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01314-00428975-00429532 And he, his message, has inspired us to be able +0kHh-1bfs7u-01315-00429532-00429772 to say all around the world, together, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01316-00429772-00429902 we all going to say it together. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01317-00429902-00429992 I am... +0kHh-1bfs7u-01318-00429992-00430112 >> Audience: I am... +0kHh-1bfs7u-01319-00430112-00430189 >> Justin Gordon: ...somebody! +0kHh-1bfs7u-01320-00430189-00430283 >> Audience: ...somebody! +0kHh-1bfs7u-01321-00430283-00430393 >> Justin Gordon: I said, I am... +0kHh-1bfs7u-01322-00430393-00430496 >> Audience: I am... +0kHh-1bfs7u-01323-00430496-00430566 >> Justin Gordon: ...somebody! +0kHh-1bfs7u-01324-00430566-00430680 >> Audience: Somebody! +0kHh-1bfs7u-01325-00430680-00430743 >> Justin Gordon: Thank you, Reverend Jackson. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01326-00430743-00431003 I appreciate you. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01327-00431003-00431314 I'd like to first introduce Mr. Jordan Samuels, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01328-00431314-00431631 he is a musical theater student, and a baritone vocalist, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01329-00431631-00431804 and his accompaniment will be +0kHh-1bfs7u-01330-00431804-00431958 from Professor Jason [inaudible]. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01331-00431958-00432191 He will be signing the song, Make Them Hear You, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01332-00432191-00432371 from the musical Ragtime. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01333-00432371-00432625 The original singer and performer +0kHh-1bfs7u-01334-00432625-00433082 of this song is Brian Stokes Mitchell, and in the musical, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01335-00433082-00433402 it was -- the song was sung by the protagonist named, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01336-00433402-00433966 Coalhouse Walker, Jr., and he was a successful black pianist +0kHh-1bfs7u-01337-00433966-00434253 who started a riot and revoked after his wife was shot +0kHh-1bfs7u-01338-00434253-00434554 down by murderous policemen, only after trying +0kHh-1bfs7u-01339-00434554-00434844 to shake the hand of then President, Theodore Roosevelt. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01340-00434844-00435174 Ladies and gentlemen, please, Mr. Samuels. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01341-00435174-00436082 [Applause] +0kHh-1bfs7u-01342-00437153-00438054 [ Music & Singing ] +0kHh-1bfs7u-01343-00450346-00451254 [ Applause & Cheering ] +0kHh-1bfs7u-01344-00452642-00452949 >> Justin Gordon: One more time for Mr. Jordan Samuels, please! +0kHh-1bfs7u-01345-00452949-00453316 [ Applause & Cheering ] +0kHh-1bfs7u-01346-00453316-00453746 Now, some people sing songs, that man just sang +0kHh-1bfs7u-01347-00453746-00454030 that song [laughter] right there. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01348-00454030-00454350 Next, I'd like to present to you an excerpt from the documentary, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01349-00454350-00454647 Love, Life, and Loss, which featured the song, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01350-00454647-00454997 Seven Last Words of the Unarmed, originally composed +0kHh-1bfs7u-01351-00454997-00455368 by Joel Thompson, and will be performed by the University +0kHh-1bfs7u-01352-00455368-00455614 of Michigan men's glee club. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01353-00455614-00455965 Under the direction of Mr. Eugene Rogers, Associate Chair +0kHh-1bfs7u-01354-00455965-00456249 of Choirs and the Professor of Conducting here +0kHh-1bfs7u-01355-00456249-00456395 at our esteemed university. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01356-00456395-00456546 Please, enjoy! +0kHh-1bfs7u-01357-00456546-00457453 [ Applause ] +0kHh-1bfs7u-01358-00457647-00458554 [ Music ] +0kHh-1bfs7u-01359-00459822-00460219 >> Eugene Rogers: Great art should do more than entertain. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01360-00460219-00460720 Great art should connect you to things that are going on today. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01361-00460720-00461137 >> Joel Thompson: I wanted to process my own feelings +0kHh-1bfs7u-01362-00461137-00461404 about being a young, black man +0kHh-1bfs7u-01363-00461404-00461958 in this very racially-tense time, and also to - +0kHh-1bfs7u-01364-00461958-00462081 to do something about it. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01365-00462081-00462582 I remember making a very purposeful decision, like, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01366-00462582-00462782 I need to say something with this art, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01367-00462782-00463042 I need to provide healing with this art. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01368-00463042-00463599 >> Eugene Rogers: So The Seven Last Words is a multi-movement +0kHh-1bfs7u-01369-00463599-00463893 work that features the last words +0kHh-1bfs7u-01370-00463893-00464170 of African American men who've lost their lives before +0kHh-1bfs7u-01371-00464170-00464370 their time. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01372-00464370-00464537 >> Daniel Passino: Music is a good outlet +0kHh-1bfs7u-01373-00464537-00464717 to really tell a story, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01374-00464717-00464931 and I think that's what we're doing here with this pieces. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01375-00464931-00465184 We're really telling a story, and to have the perspective +0kHh-1bfs7u-01376-00465184-00465398 of the people that were lost. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01377-00465398-00465698 >> Joel Thompson: The Michigan Men's Glee Club is one +0kHh-1bfs7u-01378-00465698-00465872 of the oldest choral organizations +0kHh-1bfs7u-01379-00465872-00465995 in the United States. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01380-00465995-00466242 >> Eugene Rogers: The Seven Last Words is a good fit +0kHh-1bfs7u-01381-00466242-00466676 for the glee club because of how diverse the choir is. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01382-00466676-00467116 Having people of various races singing the words +0kHh-1bfs7u-01383-00467116-00467560 of this struggle is very meaningful to me and very moving +0kHh-1bfs7u-01384-00467560-00467880 to me, to see people connecting with the pain. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01385-00467880-00468321 >> Patrick Kiessling: This piece purposefully is very shocking, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01386-00468321-00468731 and it is meant to inspire a reaction. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01387-00468731-00468888 >> Unknown Speaker: I don't think great art should always +0kHh-1bfs7u-01388-00468888-00469205 make us feel comfortable. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01389-00469205-00469545 >> Wesley Fields: It's easy to get wrapped up in anger, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01390-00469545-00469839 but I feel a lot more needs to be focused +0kHh-1bfs7u-01391-00469839-00470179 on honoring their lives. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01392-00470179-00470489 >> Unknown Speaker: Now, more than ever, do we need art +0kHh-1bfs7u-01393-00470489-00470907 to create sincere dialogue between disparate groups. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01394-00470907-00471140 >> Patrick Kiessling: That's the point of really, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01395-00471140-00471610 truly great art, is we're trying to inspire that conversation. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01396-00471610-00471821 >> Daniel Passino: It's not about a color of your skin, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01397-00471821-00472028 it's not about the type of person you are, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01398-00472028-00472291 it's really about - it's really about life. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01399-00472291-00472552 >> Ryan Carrell: It doesn't matter what the nature +0kHh-1bfs7u-01400-00472552-00472805 of the loss is, because it is tragic no matter +0kHh-1bfs7u-01401-00472805-00473009 who it happens to. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01402-00473009-00473242 >> Unknown Speaker: As we focus on Love, Life, and Loss, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01403-00473242-00473703 regardless of one's political opinion, we can all agree +0kHh-1bfs7u-01404-00473703-00473950 on the value of human life. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01405-00473950-00474850 [ Music ] +0kHh-1bfs7u-01406-00475444-00476352 [ Music ] +0kHh-1bfs7u-01407-00478647-00479555 [ Music & Singing ] +0kHh-1bfs7u-01408-00497453-00498354 [ Applause ] +0kHh-1bfs7u-01409-00498461-00498621 >> Justin Gordon: That was very moving. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01410-00498621-00499288 And I'd like to now, with my personal pleasures, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01411-00499288-00499668 bring to the stage a super soprano vocalist, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01412-00499668-00499829 Miss Kayla Hill [phonetic]. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01413-00499829-00500082 She'll be accompanied today by Mr. Joshua [inaudible], +0kHh-1bfs7u-01414-00500082-00500406 and she'll be singing a song called, Minstrel Man, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01415-00500406-00500876 by Margaret Bonds, which is one song in a set of three called, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01416-00500876-00501120 The Three Dream Portraits. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01417-00501120-00501520 These set of songs, who are accompanied with text from poems +0kHh-1bfs7u-01418-00501520-00501894 of the late, the great Langston Hughes. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01419-00501894-00502405 This song, in particular, personifies a mindset +0kHh-1bfs7u-01420-00502405-00502715 of a minstrel performer while always having +0kHh-1bfs7u-01421-00502715-00503256 to continuously have a joyous exterior which struggling +0kHh-1bfs7u-01422-00503256-00503419 and wrestling with inner turmoil +0kHh-1bfs7u-01423-00503419-00503749 that structural racism always brings. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01424-00503749-00504046 Please, welcome Miss Kayla Hill to the stage. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01425-00504046-00504954 [ Applause ] +0kHh-1bfs7u-01426-00505948-00506856 [ Music ] +0kHh-1bfs7u-01427-00507950-00508858 [ Music & Opera Singing ] +0kHh-1bfs7u-01428-00517947-00518854 [ Applause & Cheering ] +0kHh-1bfs7u-01429-00520593-00521073 Is anyone else just absolutely floored by that performance? +0kHh-1bfs7u-01430-00521073-00521310 [Applause & cheering] Man, oh my. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01431-00521310-00521537 I'm from the west side of Detroit, Michigan, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01432-00521537-00521687 and we don't get a lot of opera singing. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01433-00521687-00521988 The first time I ever heard anyone personally sing opera was +0kHh-1bfs7u-01434-00521988-00522184 three weeks ago during their practice [laughter], +0kHh-1bfs7u-01435-00522184-00522535 and my whole perception during singing has changed ever +0kHh-1bfs7u-01436-00522535-00522638 since I heard Miss Hill's voice! +0kHh-1bfs7u-01437-00522638-00522845 One more time for Miss Hill! +0kHh-1bfs7u-01438-00522845-00523653 [ Applause ] +0kHh-1bfs7u-01439-00523653-00524256 This next program, and the leader of this program, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01440-00524256-00524991 deals with certain demographic that we forget about. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01441-00524991-00525154 A certain demographic +0kHh-1bfs7u-01442-00525154-00525408 that sometimes does not get the resources +0kHh-1bfs7u-01443-00525408-00525651 that they were entitled to as citizens, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01444-00525651-00525831 and they were taken away, technically, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01445-00525831-00525975 by the 13th Amendment. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01446-00525975-00526435 I'm speaking to the institute of prisons +0kHh-1bfs7u-01447-00526435-00526582 and the prison industrial complex, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01448-00526582-00526812 and the Prison Creative Arts Project, who was fighting +0kHh-1bfs7u-01449-00526812-00526963 against those inhumane practices +0kHh-1bfs7u-01450-00526963-00527213 that are happening behind those walls +0kHh-1bfs7u-01451-00527213-00527363 to our brothers and sisters. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01452-00527363-00527727 The Prison Creative Arts Project, which you'll see here +0kHh-1bfs7u-01453-00527727-00528087 in a film presentation, and subsequent after the - +0kHh-1bfs7u-01454-00528087-00528331 the film presentation, the director herself will come +0kHh-1bfs7u-01455-00528331-00528537 and give a scene of her play, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01456-00528537-00528811 Doing Time Behind the Visiting Glass. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01457-00528811-00529251 I'll allow you to learn and see what fighting +0kHh-1bfs7u-01458-00529251-00529555 for lives really looks like when you can't physically +0kHh-1bfs7u-01459-00529555-00529685 touch someone. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01460-00529685-00529882 Thank you. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01461-00531047-00531954 [ Music ] +0kHh-1bfs7u-01462-00532088-00532291 >> Ashley Lucas: My students and I are here +0kHh-1bfs7u-01463-00532291-00532528 for a theater exchange program with [inaudible], +0kHh-1bfs7u-01464-00532528-00532848 which is the Federal University in Rio de Janeiro. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01465-00532848-00533032 We are a program at the University +0kHh-1bfs7u-01466-00533032-00533362 of Michigan called the Prison Creative Arts Project, or PCAP, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01467-00533362-00533623 and we do theater work in prisons with adults +0kHh-1bfs7u-01468-00533623-00533873 and children throughout the state of Michigan. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01469-00533873-00534106 Here in Rio, we have collaborators +0kHh-1bfs7u-01470-00534106-00534453 who do incredible theater for social change work in hospitals, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01471-00534453-00534744 prisons, and [inaudible]. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01472-00534744-00535651 [ Foreign Language ] +0kHh-1bfs7u-01473-00537116-00537463 In Brazil, theater is of the people, for the people. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01474-00537463-00537640 This is a very Latin American tradition, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01475-00537640-00537853 it doesn't just belong to Brazil. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01476-00537853-00538174 But when my students come here, they realize +0kHh-1bfs7u-01477-00538174-00538434 that theater can happen in many different ways +0kHh-1bfs7u-01478-00538434-00538628 that they had not previously imagined, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01479-00538628-00539065 and the theater has many different practical roles +0kHh-1bfs7u-01480-00539065-00539215 in people's lives. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01481-00539215-00539472 Really high-quality, professional theater can happen +0kHh-1bfs7u-01482-00539472-00539675 in a cramped waiting room of the hospital +0kHh-1bfs7u-01483-00539675-00539962 where the actors have this much room to do a whole play, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01484-00539962-00540249 and it can be marvelous! +0kHh-1bfs7u-01485-00540249-00541157 [ Foreign Language ] +0kHh-1bfs7u-01486-00542952-00543389 [ Applause ] +0kHh-1bfs7u-01487-00543389-00543586 My brother's an artist. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01488-00543586-00544153 He draws and paints, but mostly, he does graffiti. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01489-00544153-00544837 Right now, he's doing seven years for graffiti! +0kHh-1bfs7u-01490-00544837-00545041 [Foreign language], seven years of your life for a crime +0kHh-1bfs7u-01491-00545041-00545231 where nobody got hurt? +0kHh-1bfs7u-01492-00545231-00545488 Who's it helping for him to be in prison? +0kHh-1bfs7u-01493-00545488-00545678 The guy who's wall he wrote on? +0kHh-1bfs7u-01494-00545678-00545915 Shoot. Would have helped that guy more +0kHh-1bfs7u-01495-00545915-00546138 if they gave him community service and made him clean +0kHh-1bfs7u-01496-00546138-00546275 up the [inaudible] wall. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01497-00546275-00546762 I think, mostly, they locked him up because he's a smartass. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01498-00546762-00547193 So, when we was kids, we took this trip to El Paso, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01499-00547193-00547586 and we saw this mural that said, God is Mexican [laughing]. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01500-00547586-00547974 And, Danny, my brother, loved that! +0kHh-1bfs7u-01501-00547974-00548374 When we got back to Phoenix, he started going everywhere, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01502-00548374-00548604 writing it on all the walls. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01503-00548604-00548751 God is a... +0kHh-1bfs7u-01504-00548751-00549195 [ Foreign Language ] +0kHh-1bfs7u-01505-00549195-00549318 God comes from [foreign word]. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01506-00549318-00549505 God hangs out at [foreign word]. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01507-00549505-00550209 He didn't just paint the words, he made them beautiful. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01508-00550209-00550469 We grew up having this real strange relationship +0kHh-1bfs7u-01509-00550469-00550703 with God, because of my mother. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01510-00550703-00551080 So, we were Catholic and we went to church on Sundays and prayed +0kHh-1bfs7u-01511-00551080-00551337 like everybody else, but during the rest of the week, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01512-00551337-00551677 [inaudible] would talk to God like he was her compadre +0kHh-1bfs7u-01513-00551677-00551958 or something, like he was right there washing the dishes +0kHh-1bfs7u-01514-00551958-00552268 and folding the laundry, and then she'd get mad at God +0kHh-1bfs7u-01515-00552268-00552515 and call him stupid and yell at him, and then she'd have +0kHh-1bfs7u-01516-00552515-00552832 to apologize, because he's God, right? +0kHh-1bfs7u-01517-00552832-00553015 So she'd say something like, [foreign language], +0kHh-1bfs7u-01518-00553015-00553412 I was angry with you this morning for sending rain +0kHh-1bfs7u-01519-00553412-00553723 on the day of Lolita's first communion! +0kHh-1bfs7u-01520-00553723-00554123 But then I realized that you send the bad weather on purpose. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01521-00554123-00554256 So that it would blow [foreign language], +0kHh-1bfs7u-01522-00554256-00554620 ugly dress over her head on the steps of the church +0kHh-1bfs7u-01523-00554620-00554754 to punish her for being one of [foreign language] [laughter]. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01524-00554754-00555217 Now that your plan has been revealed to me, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01525-00555217-00555514 I want to say how sorry I am for yelling at you this morning, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01526-00555514-00555751 and for eating that extra communion wafer. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01527-00555751-00556335 [ Foreign Language ] +0kHh-1bfs7u-01528-00556335-00556462 So this was my mother! +0kHh-1bfs7u-01529-00556462-00556686 Right? We heard this all day long! +0kHh-1bfs7u-01530-00556686-00557036 And then my brother...well, he'd been hanging +0kHh-1bfs7u-01531-00557036-00557183 out with all these guys, right? +0kHh-1bfs7u-01532-00557183-00557663 And one night, a bunch of those guys got arrested. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01533-00557663-00557777 And if Danny [phonetic] had been with them, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01534-00557777-00557913 he would have got picked up too. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01535-00557913-00558411 So, so he started going to all of those place where he used +0kHh-1bfs7u-01536-00558411-00558771 to write, God is an undocumented immigrant, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01537-00558771-00558938 and God dances [foreign word]. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01538-00558938-00559432 And he started writing his friend's names instead. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01539-00559432-00559735 [Inaudible] is in prison. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01540-00559735-00559812 [Inaudible] is in prison. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01541-00559812-00559925 [Inaudible] is in prison. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01542-00559925-00560556 [Pause] The day the cops got him, he was writing, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01543-00560556-00560760 Leo [inaudible] is in prison. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01544-00560760-00561227 God is with him. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01545-00561227-00561490 God is a prisoner. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01546-00561490-00562335 [Crying] He tried to run when he saw the cops, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01547-00562335-00563242 but they caught him, and three of them beat him +0kHh-1bfs7u-01548-00563319-00563699 until he had a concussion. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01549-00563699-00563926 And they broke his right hand. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01550-00563926-00564120 So he don't write to so good no more. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01551-00564120-00564530 And after that, [inaudible] stopped talking to God +0kHh-1bfs7u-01552-00564530-00565167 for a week, and...and now Danny [phonetic], he writes us letters +0kHh-1bfs7u-01553-00565167-00565785 in this - this real shaky handwriting, and at the bottom, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01554-00565785-00566015 underneath his signature, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01555-00566015-00566535 he always writes, God is a prisoner. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01556-00566849-00567757 [ Applause ] +0kHh-1bfs7u-01557-00569028-00569181 >> Justin Gordon: I am honored to say +0kHh-1bfs7u-01558-00569181-00569485 that Dr. Ashley Lucas is my mentor and, arguably, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01559-00569485-00569755 the greatest human being I personally know. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01560-00569755-00570099 And if you don't know who she is, as the late, great, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01561-00570099-00570383 temporary poet, Christopher Wallace, AKA Biggie Smalls, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01562-00570383-00570846 said, if you don't know, now you know, students. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01563-00570846-00571337 [ Laughter ] +0kHh-1bfs7u-01564-00571337-00571644 Next, I'd like to present an excerpt +0kHh-1bfs7u-01565-00571644-00572034 from a moving dance piece called, City of Rain, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01566-00572034-00572448 created by Camille A. Brown and performed by U of M dance majors +0kHh-1bfs7u-01567-00572448-00572798 and masters of fine arts candidates. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01568-00572798-00573336 This film, moving dance piece, represents the spirit +0kHh-1bfs7u-01569-00573336-00573789 of perseverance in the face of struggle, loss, and grief. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01570-00573789-00573966 Please, enjoy! +0kHh-1bfs7u-01571-00574650-00575558 [ Music ] +0kHh-1bfs7u-01572-00588544-00589151 [ Applause ] +0kHh-1bfs7u-01573-00589151-00589338 If I could dance like that, I wouldn't be +0kHh-1bfs7u-01574-00589338-00589538 up here talking to you all right now. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01575-00589538-00589695 I'd just move for a living. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01576-00589695-00589822 That was - that was amazing. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01577-00589822-00589999 That was amazing. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01578-00589999-00590309 Now, we're almost at our conclusion, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01579-00590309-00590906 and we have had some triumph, we have had some encouraging words, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01580-00590906-00591017 we've got to end with some jazz, right? +0kHh-1bfs7u-01581-00591017-00591240 We've got to end with some music, correct? +0kHh-1bfs7u-01582-00591240-00591414 Yes! [Applause] Yes. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01583-00591414-00591824 I am proud to present a jazz quartet for the ages. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01584-00591824-00592038 We have [inaudible] Belgrave [phonetic] on saxophone, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01585-00592038-00592341 [inaudible] Reed [phonetic] on drums, [inaudible] on bass, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01586-00592341-00592832 and David [inaudible] on trumpet. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01587-00592832-00593255 They will be playing, Wail, a song by Bud Powell. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01588-00593255-00593542 He was a great jazz pianist back in the 40's and 50's +0kHh-1bfs7u-01589-00593542-00593799 that battled police brutality and racism, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01590-00593799-00593993 despite making classic music. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01591-00593993-00594393 Afterwards, they'll play a song called, Cyclic Episode. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01592-00594393-00594797 Now, as all good parties go and all good celebrations go, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01593-00594797-00594980 we got to give you something to leave with, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01594-00594980-00595117 something to go home with. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01595-00595117-00595307 We've got to send Reverend Jesse Jackson home on a good note, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01596-00595307-00595418 on a great note, even +0kHh-1bfs7u-01597-00595418-00595675 as he walks outside of the door, correct? +0kHh-1bfs7u-01598-00595675-00595825 [Cheering] Alright! +0kHh-1bfs7u-01599-00595825-00596098 We have one of our esteemed professors and musicians, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01600-00596098-00596389 Tiffany Ing [phonetic], will be playing on the Carillon +0kHh-1bfs7u-01601-00596389-00596632 out in the Bell Tower, she will be playing Negro Spirituals +0kHh-1bfs7u-01602-00596632-00597129 as leave, as you walk to your cars, or buses, songs such as, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01603-00597129-00597640 Swing Low Sweet Chariot, and the Black National Anthem, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01604-00597640-00597837 lift every voice and sing. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01605-00597837-00598154 Ladies and gentlemen, that is my time, I love you all, +0kHh-1bfs7u-01606-00598154-00598327 family, hope to see you soon. +0kHh-1bfs7u-01607-00598327-00598447 Thank you! +0kHh-1bfs7u-01608-00598447-00599355 [ Applause & Cheering ] +0kHh-1bfs7u-01609-00607750-00608657 [ Music ] +0kHh-1bfs7u-01610-00633549-00634050 [ Applause & Cheering ] +0kHh-1bfs7u-01611-00634050-00634957 [ Music ] +0kHh-1bfs7u-01612-00669552-00671460 [ Applause & Cheering ]