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+Oil39dcI74o-00000-00000016-00000206 we're halfway through the clash royale
+Oil39dcI74o-00001-00000208-00000399 league west regular season and players
+Oil39dcI74o-00002-00000400-00000503 are pulling out
+Oil39dcI74o-00003-00000504-00000726 all the stops to make it to shanghai
+Oil39dcI74o-00004-00000727-00000958 china hello i'm rich slaton and this
+Oil39dcI74o-00005-00000959-00001231 is your top five plays from week four
+Oil39dcI74o-00006-00001232-00001391 clash royale league west
+Oil39dcI74o-00007-00001392-00001558 before we get into it don't forget to
+Oil39dcI74o-00008-00001559-00001718 subscribe to this channel
+Oil39dcI74o-00009-00001719-00001902 like this video and turn on
+Oil39dcI74o-00010-00001903-00002063 notifications so you
+Oil39dcI74o-00011-00002064-00002263 never miss a moment of the action
+Oil39dcI74o-00012-00002264-00002367 starting things off
+Oil39dcI74o-00013-00002368-00002631 with our number five play it's canario
+Oil39dcI74o-00014-00002632-00002679 against
+Oil39dcI74o-00015-00002680-00002975 i am jp the golden haired golden boy
+Oil39dcI74o-00016-00002976-00003007 from
+Oil39dcI74o-00017-00003008-00003279 barcelona spain up against the giant
+Oil39dcI74o-00018-00003279-00003351 slayer
+Oil39dcI74o-00019-00003352-00003654 of team liquid and they are in a race in
+Oil39dcI74o-00020-00003655-00003935 sudden death over time next tower to
+Oil39dcI74o-00021-00003936-00004006 fall means
+Oil39dcI74o-00022-00004007-00004303 gg well played and you see canario able
+Oil39dcI74o-00023-00004304-00004454 to catch the first hog rider
+Oil39dcI74o-00024-00004455-00004647 and go in hard in the opposite direction
+Oil39dcI74o-00025-00004648-00004895 but check out the push from imjp
+Oil39dcI74o-00026-00004896-00005135 hog rider comes in snowball earthquake
+Oil39dcI74o-00027-00005136-00005238 triple spell
+Oil39dcI74o-00028-00005239-00005463 and oh my gosh that was a whole lot of
+Oil39dcI74o-00029-00005464-00005663 towers slow motion shows
+Oil39dcI74o-00030-00005664-00005934 that the princess tower of jp and the
+Oil39dcI74o-00031-00005935-00006151 king tower of canario go down at the
+Oil39dcI74o-00032-00006152-00006463 exact same time but three crowns
+Oil39dcI74o-00033-00006464-00006742 beats to team queso came out with a big
+Oil39dcI74o-00034-00006743-00006839 time victory
+Oil39dcI74o-00035-00006840-00007046 over the defending world champions in
+Oil39dcI74o-00036-00007047-00007270 our next matchup also team liquid this
+Oil39dcI74o-00037-00007272-00007327 time
+Oil39dcI74o-00038-00007328-00007646 it's igor against vitor of pain gaming
+Oil39dcI74o-00039-00007647-00007831 and check out this prediction that comes
+Oil39dcI74o-00040-00007831-00007878 in
+Oil39dcI74o-00041-00007879-00008223 on igor's side just when that bomb tower
+Oil39dcI74o-00042-00008224-00008287 comes out
+Oil39dcI74o-00043-00008288-00008478 lightning takes care of the bomb tower e
+Oil39dcI74o-00044-00008479-00008671 whiz and puts the royal giant
+Oil39dcI74o-00045-00008672-00008895 right on tower on the right-hand side
+Oil39dcI74o-00046-00008896-00008983 igor
+Oil39dcI74o-00047-00008984-00009255 trying his best to hard carry 14 liquid
+Oil39dcI74o-00048-00009256-00009439 on to number three
+Oil39dcI74o-00049-00009440-00009631 it's boof mack of tribe gaming against
+Oil39dcI74o-00050-00009632-00009863 bellicon of cream royale betis in the
+Oil39dcI74o-00051-00009864-00010039 final moments they are
+Oil39dcI74o-00052-00010040-00010246 so very close and both win conditions
+Oil39dcI74o-00053-00010247-00010423 come out balloon one direction
+Oil39dcI74o-00054-00010424-00010678 royal giant comes out the other and
+Oil39dcI74o-00055-00010679-00010767 bellicon
+Oil39dcI74o-00056-00010768-00011046 perfectly blocks the fisherman played by
+Oil39dcI74o-00057-00011047-00011223 buffmak which would have saved that
+Oil39dcI74o-00058-00011224-00011335 left-hand tower
+Oil39dcI74o-00059-00011336-00011574 with his goblin cage admitted later that
+Oil39dcI74o-00060-00011575-00011799 it was a happy accident but still a
+Oil39dcI74o-00061-00011800-00011895 great play
+Oil39dcI74o-00062-00011896-00012119 to pull both the balloon and get his
+Oil39dcI74o-00063-00012120-00012310 royal giant that winning blow
+Oil39dcI74o-00064-00012311-00012623 our number two play canario against
+Oil39dcI74o-00065-00012624-00012855 lucas lucas goes for the juke barrel in
+Oil39dcI74o-00066-00012856-00013079 the back and check out the heel spirit
+Oil39dcI74o-00067-00013080-00013351 for the king tower activation what a
+Oil39dcI74o-00068-00013352-00013455 creative way
+Oil39dcI74o-00069-00013456-00013671 to get that king cannon involved in the
+Oil39dcI74o-00070-00013672-00013894 game against bait look at that one more
+Oil39dcI74o-00071-00013895-00013951 time
+Oil39dcI74o-00072-00013952-00014166 you put that heel spirit on that back
+Oil39dcI74o-00073-00014168-00014343 left corner of the king tower against
+Oil39dcI74o-00074-00014344-00014438 the juke barrel
+Oil39dcI74o-00075-00014440-00014622 pulls the goblin and gets the king tower
+Oil39dcI74o-00076-00014623-00014807 activation very nice play
+Oil39dcI74o-00077-00014808-00015063 from a seasoned veteran our top play of
+Oil39dcI74o-00078-00015063-00015143 the week
+Oil39dcI74o-00079-00015144-00015343 strap in folks it's going to be a while
+Oil39dcI74o-00080-00015344-00015583 it's javi couturez up against lapicotti
+Oil39dcI74o-00081-00015584-00015743 of space station gaming
+Oil39dcI74o-00082-00015744-00016030 sk currently undefeated in their clash
+Oil39dcI74o-00083-00016031-00016238 royale league western run
+Oil39dcI74o-00084-00016240-00016486 and this play shows part of why javika
+Oil39dcI74o-00085-00016487-00016558 tourze
+Oil39dcI74o-00086-00016559-00016847 has been so darn good and this magic
+Oil39dcI74o-00087-00016848-00016967 archer looks like
+Oil39dcI74o-00088-00016968-00017175 he's about to go down but over and over
+Oil39dcI74o-00089-00017176-00017358 again look at the protection
+Oil39dcI74o-00090-00017359-00017671 this is unbelievable so much elixir
+Oil39dcI74o-00091-00017672-00017894 spent by lapaki that's trying to get
+Oil39dcI74o-00092-00017895-00018094 the white-haired magician off the board
+Oil39dcI74o-00093-00018095-00018311 but those arrows keep on coming
+Oil39dcI74o-00094-00018312-00018535 all the way around to the next bar hut
+Oil39dcI74o-00095-00018536-00018799 and finally la picati gets that magic
+Oil39dcI74o-00096-00018800-00018943 archer off the board after
+Oil39dcI74o-00097-00018944-00019230 so much work and you can see the peanut
+Oil39dcI74o-00098-00019231-00019367 gallery here on the left-hand side
+Oil39dcI74o-00099-00019368-00019519 throws the archer emote everyone's
+Oil39dcI74o-00100-00019520-00019711 looking at that going javika tourze
+Oil39dcI74o-00101-00019712-00019911 is doing some magic on the board if it
+Oil39dcI74o-00102-00019912-00020158 worked once why not do it again
+Oil39dcI74o-00103-00020159-00020430 magic archer comes down and again take a
+Oil39dcI74o-00104-00020431-00020583 look at that heel spirit
+Oil39dcI74o-00105-00020584-00020927 ice golem hunter this magic archer
+Oil39dcI74o-00106-00020928-00021239 a thorn in the side of la picati can't
+Oil39dcI74o-00107-00021240-00021430 seem to take care of it at all and
+Oil39dcI74o-00108-00021431-00021622 javi keeps the pressure on and oh yeah
+Oil39dcI74o-00109-00021623-00021767 that battle healer
+Oil39dcI74o-00110-00021768-00022030 not getting there again this magic
+Oil39dcI74o-00111-00022031-00022086 archer
+Oil39dcI74o-00112-00022087-00022286 these magic archers in general had
+Oil39dcI74o-00113-00022287-00022486 better security than the pope and more
+Oil39dcI74o-00114-00022487-00022558 protection
+Oil39dcI74o-00115-00022559-00022767 than the president of the usa you see
+Oil39dcI74o-00116-00022768-00022927 lapicotti can't believe it
+Oil39dcI74o-00117-00022928-00023135 disgusted that he could not get to that
+Oil39dcI74o-00118-00023136-00023407 magic archer javika torzo helping
+Oil39dcI74o-00119-00023408-00023655 take sk gaming to that perfect 5-0
+Oil39dcI74o-00120-00023656-00023791 record on their run
+Oil39dcI74o-00121-00023792-00024103 to shanghai china we have four more
+Oil39dcI74o-00122-00024104-00024271 weeks of regular season action guys
+Oil39dcI74o-00123-00024272-00024399 don't forget to subscribe
+Oil39dcI74o-00124-00024400-00024599 so you never miss a moment of this run
+Oil39dcI74o-00125-00024600-00024783 and check out our next video
+Oil39dcI74o-00126-00024784-00024958 see you this next weekend for clash
+Oil39dcI74o-00127-00024959-00025591 royale league west
+Oil39dcI74o-00128-00025592-00025800 you
+Oj46Lava2nI-00000-00000050-00000269 religion in the United States has
+Oj46Lava2nI-00001-00000270-00000443 characterized by a diversity of
+Oj46Lava2nI-00002-00000444-00000736 religious beliefs and practices various
+Oj46Lava2nI-00003-00000737-00000923 religious faiths have flourished within
+Oj46Lava2nI-00004-00000924-00001033 the United States
+Oj46Lava2nI-00005-00001034-00001274 a majority of Americans report that
+Oj46Lava2nI-00006-00001275-00001487 religion plays a very important role in
+Oj46Lava2nI-00007-00001488-00001684 their lives a proportion unique among
+Oj46Lava2nI-00008-00001685-00001889 developed countries historically the
+Oj46Lava2nI-00009-00001889-00002092 United States has always been marked by
+Oj46Lava2nI-00010-00002093-00002240 religious pluralism and diversity
+Oj46Lava2nI-00011-00002241-00002483 beginning with various native beliefs of
+Oj46Lava2nI-00012-00002484-00002749 the pre-colonial time in colonial times
+Oj46Lava2nI-00013-00002750-00002975 Anglicans Catholics and mainline
+Oj46Lava2nI-00014-00002976-00003211 Protestants as well as Jews arrived from
+Oj46Lava2nI-00015-00003213-00003479 Europe Eastern Orthodoxy has been
+Oj46Lava2nI-00016-00003479-00003622 present since the Russian colonization
+Oj46Lava2nI-00017-00003623-00003953 of Alaska various dissenting Protestants
+Oj46Lava2nI-00018-00003954-00004136 who left the Church of England greatly
+Oj46Lava2nI-00019-00004137-00004420 diversified the religious landscape the
+Oj46Lava2nI-00020-00004421-00004631 Great Awakenings gave birth to multiple
+Oj46Lava2nI-00021-00004632-00004847 Evangelical Protestant denominations
+Oj46Lava2nI-00022-00004848-00005006 membership in Methodist and Baptist
+Oj46Lava2nI-00023-00005007-00005222 churches increased drastically in the
+Oj46Lava2nI-00024-00005223-00005477 Second Great Awakening in the 18th
+Oj46Lava2nI-00025-00005478-00005540 century
+Oj46Lava2nI-00026-00005541-00005770 deism found support among American upper
+Oj46Lava2nI-00027-00005771-00006031 classes and thinkers the Episcopal
+Oj46Lava2nI-00028-00006032-00006176 Church splitting from the Church of
+Oj46Lava2nI-00029-00006177-00006388 England came into being in the American
+Oj46Lava2nI-00030-00006389-00006664 Revolution new Protestant branches like
+Oj46Lava2nI-00031-00006665-00006905 adventism emerged restorationist s-- and
+Oj46Lava2nI-00032-00006906-00007064 other christians like the jehovah's
+Oj46Lava2nI-00033-00007065-00007238 witnesses the Latter day Saint movement
+Oj46Lava2nI-00034-00007239-00007463 Churches of Christ in Church of Christ
+Oj46Lava2nI-00035-00007464-00007691 Scientist as well as Unitarian and
+Oj46Lava2nI-00036-00007692-00007903 Universalist communities all spread in
+Oj46Lava2nI-00037-00007904-00008070 the nineteenth century
+Oj46Lava2nI-00038-00008072-00008335 Pentecostalism emerged in the early 20th
+Oj46Lava2nI-00039-00008336-00008531 century as a result of the Azusa Street
+Oj46Lava2nI-00040-00008532-00008949 revival Scientology emerged in the 1950s
+Oj46Lava2nI-00041-00008950-00009227 Unitarian Universalism resulted from the
+Oj46Lava2nI-00042-00009228-00009424 merge of Unitarian and Universalist
+Oj46Lava2nI-00043-00009425-00009706 churches in the 20th century since the
+Oj46Lava2nI-00044-00009707-00009971 1990s the religious share of Christians
+Oj46Lava2nI-00045-00009972-00010174 has decreased due to secularization
+Oj46Lava2nI-00046-00010175-00010421 while Buddhism Hinduism Islam and other
+Oj46Lava2nI-00047-00010422-00010696 religions have spread Protestantism
+Oj46Lava2nI-00048-00010697-00010898 historically dominant cease to be the
+Oj46Lava2nI-00049-00010899-00011102 religious category of the majority in
+Oj46Lava2nI-00050-00011103-00011305 the early 2010's
+Oj46Lava2nI-00051-00011306-00011537 Christianity is the largest religion in
+Oj46Lava2nI-00052-00011538-00011705 the United States with the various
+Oj46Lava2nI-00053-00011706-00011867 Protestant churches having the most
+Oj46Lava2nI-00054-00011868-00012235 adherence in 2016 Christians represent
+Oj46Lava2nI-00055-00012236-00012452 seventy three point seven percent of the
+Oj46Lava2nI-00056-00012453-00012556 total population
+Oj46Lava2nI-00057-00012557-00012678 forty eight point nine percent
+Oj46Lava2nI-00058-00012679-00012938 identifying as Protestants twenty three
+Oj46Lava2nI-00059-00012938-00013190 point zero percent as Catholics and 1.8
+Oj46Lava2nI-00060-00013191-00013372 percent as Mormons and are followed by
+Oj46Lava2nI-00061-00013373-00013430 people
+Oj46Lava2nI-00062-00013431-00013697 having no religion with 18.2% of the
+Oj46Lava2nI-00063-00013698-00014000 total population Judaism is the second
+Oj46Lava2nI-00064-00014001-00014202 largest religion in the u.s. practiced
+Oj46Lava2nI-00065-00014203-00014375 by 2 point 1 percent of the population
+Oj46Lava2nI-00066-00014376-00014834 followed by Islam with 0.8% Mississippi
+Oj46Lava2nI-00067-00014835-00014997 is the most religious state in the
+Oj46Lava2nI-00068-00014997-00015230 country with 63 percent of its adult
+Oj46Lava2nI-00069-00015231-00015461 population described as very religious
+Oj46Lava2nI-00070-00015462-00015653 saying that religion is important to
+Oj46Lava2nI-00071-00015654-00015788 them and attending religious services
+Oj46Lava2nI-00072-00015790-00016028 almost every week while New Hampshire
+Oj46Lava2nI-00073-00016029-00016211 with only 20 percent of its adult
+Oj46Lava2nI-00074-00016212-00016436 population described as very religious
+Oj46Lava2nI-00075-00016437-00016703 is the least religious state the most
+Oj46Lava2nI-00076-00016704-00016914 religious region of the United States as
+Oj46Lava2nI-00077-00016915-00017538 American Samoa 99.3% religious
+Oj46Lava2nI-00078-00017539-00018189 topic history from early colonial days
+Oj46Lava2nI-00079-00018190-00018414 when some English and German settlers
+Oj46Lava2nI-00080-00018415-00018577 moved in search of religious freedom
+Oj46Lava2nI-00081-00018578-00018817 America has been profoundly influenced
+Oj46Lava2nI-00082-00018818-00019096 by religion that influence continues in
+Oj46Lava2nI-00083-00019097-00019300 American culture social life and
+Oj46Lava2nI-00084-00019301-00019530 politics several of the original
+Oj46Lava2nI-00085-00019531-00019774 thirteen colonies were established by
+Oj46Lava2nI-00086-00019775-00019947 settlers who wish to practice their own
+Oj46Lava2nI-00087-00019948-00020100 religion within a community of
+Oj46Lava2nI-00088-00020101-00020331 like-minded people the Massachusetts Bay
+Oj46Lava2nI-00089-00020332-00020521 Colony was established by English
+Oj46Lava2nI-00090-00020522-00020778 Puritans Congregationalists Pennsylvania
+Oj46Lava2nI-00091-00020779-00020992 by British Quakers Maryland by English
+Oj46Lava2nI-00092-00020993-00021175 Catholics and Virginia by English
+Oj46Lava2nI-00093-00021176-00021472 Anglicans despite these and as a result
+Oj46Lava2nI-00094-00021473-00021646 of intervening religious strife and
+Oj46Lava2nI-00095-00021647-00021846 preference in England the plantation act
+Oj46Lava2nI-00096-00021847-00022117 1740 would set official policy for new
+Oj46Lava2nI-00097-00022118-00022297 immigrants coming to British America
+Oj46Lava2nI-00098-00022298-00022616 until the American Revolution
+Oj46Lava2nI-00099-00022617-00022796 the text of the first amendment to the
+Oj46Lava2nI-00100-00022797-00022982 country's Constitution states that
+Oj46Lava2nI-00101-00022983-00023252 Congress shall make no law respecting an
+Oj46Lava2nI-00102-00023253-00023462 establishment of religion or prohibiting
+Oj46Lava2nI-00103-00023463-00023702 the free exercise thereof or abridging
+Oj46Lava2nI-00104-00023703-00023987 the freedom of speech or of the press or
+Oj46Lava2nI-00105-00023988-00024172 the right of the people peaceably to
+Oj46Lava2nI-00106-00024173-00024350 assemble and to petition the government
+Oj46Lava2nI-00107-00024351-00024665 for a redress of grievances it
+Oj46Lava2nI-00108-00024666-00024844 guarantees the free exercise of religion
+Oj46Lava2nI-00109-00024845-00025025 while also preventing the government
+Oj46Lava2nI-00110-00025026-00025216 from establishing a state religion
+Oj46Lava2nI-00111-00025217-00025484 however the states were not bound by the
+Oj46Lava2nI-00112-00025485-00025693 provision and as late as the 1830s
+Oj46Lava2nI-00113-00025694-00025921 Massachusetts provided tax money to
+Oj46Lava2nI-00114-00025922-00026170 local Congregational churches the
+Oj46Lava2nI-00115-00026172-00026402 Supreme Court since the 1940s has
+Oj46Lava2nI-00116-00026402-00026590 interpreted the 14th amendment as
+Oj46Lava2nI-00117-00026591-00026744 applying the First Amendment to the
+Oj46Lava2nI-00118-00026745-00027037 state and local governments President
+Oj46Lava2nI-00119-00027038-00027233 John Adams in a unanimous Senate
+Oj46Lava2nI-00120-00027233-00027508 endorsed the Treaty of Tripoli in 1797
+Oj46Lava2nI-00121-00027510-00027749 that stated the government of the United
+Oj46Lava2nI-00122-00027750-00027989 States of America is not in any sense
+Oj46Lava2nI-00123-00027989-00028337 founded on the Christian religion expert
+Oj46Lava2nI-00124-00028338-00028523 researchers and authors have referred to
+Oj46Lava2nI-00125-00028524-00028787 the United States as a Protestant nation
+Oj46Lava2nI-00126-00028788-00029139 or founded on Protestant principles
+Oj46Lava2nI-00127-00029141-00029381 specifically emphasizing its Calvinist
+Oj46Lava2nI-00128-00029382-00029570 heritage the modern official motto of
+Oj46Lava2nI-00129-00029570-00029750 the United States of America as
+Oj46Lava2nI-00130-00029751-00030038 established in a 1956 law signed by
+Oj46Lava2nI-00131-00030039-00030317 President Dwight d Eisenhower is In God
+Oj46Lava2nI-00132-00030318-00030611 We Trust the phrase first appeared on
+Oj46Lava2nI-00133-00030612-00030986 u.s. coins in 1864 according to a 2002
+Oj46Lava2nI-00134-00030987-00031217 survey by the Pew Research Center nearly
+Oj46Lava2nI-00135-00031218-00031408 6 in 10 Americans said that religion
+Oj46Lava2nI-00136-00031410-00031637 plays an important role in their lives
+Oj46Lava2nI-00137-00031638-00031846 compared to 33 percent in Great Britain
+Oj46Lava2nI-00138-00031847-00032156 27 percent in Italy 21 percent in
+Oj46Lava2nI-00139-00032157-00032417 Germany 12 percent in Japan and 11
+Oj46Lava2nI-00140-00032418-00032689 percent in France the survey report
+Oj46Lava2nI-00141-00032691-00032885 stated that the results showed America
+Oj46Lava2nI-00142-00032886-00033050 having a greater similarity to
+Oj46Lava2nI-00143-00033051-00033206 developing nations where higher
+Oj46Lava2nI-00144-00033207-00033415 percentages say that religion plays an
+Oj46Lava2nI-00145-00033416-00033587 important role than to other wealthy
+Oj46Lava2nI-00146-00033588-00033767 nations where religion plays a minor
+Oj46Lava2nI-00147-00033768-00034090 role in 1963 90 percent of u.s. adults
+Oj46Lava2nI-00148-00034091-00034307 claimed to be Christians while only two
+Oj46Lava2nI-00149-00034308-00034514 percent professed no religious identity
+Oj46Lava2nI-00150-00034515-00034712 in 2016
+Oj46Lava2nI-00151-00034713-00034871 seventy three point seven percent
+Oj46Lava2nI-00152-00034872-00035152 identified as Christians while 18.2
+Oj46Lava2nI-00153-00035153-00035661 percent claimed no religious affiliation
+Oj46Lava2nI-00154-00035662-00036211 topic freedom of religion
+Oj46Lava2nI-00155-00036212-00036462 the united states federal government was
+Oj46Lava2nI-00156-00036463-00036655 the first national government to have no
+Oj46Lava2nI-00157-00036656-00036967 official state endorsed religion however
+Oj46Lava2nI-00158-00036968-00037192 some states had established religions in
+Oj46Lava2nI-00159-00037193-00037537 some form until the 1830s modeling the
+Oj46Lava2nI-00160-00037538-00037720 provisions concerning religion within
+Oj46Lava2nI-00161-00037721-00037906 the Virginia statute for religious
+Oj46Lava2nI-00162-00037907-00038115 freedom the framers of the Constitution
+Oj46Lava2nI-00163-00038116-00038299 rejected any religious test for office
+Oj46Lava2nI-00164-00038300-00038521 and the First Amendment specifically
+Oj46Lava2nI-00165-00038522-00038701 denied the federal government any power
+Oj46Lava2nI-00166-00038702-00038905 to enact any law respecting either an
+Oj46Lava2nI-00167-00038906-00039087 establishment of religion or prohibiting
+Oj46Lava2nI-00168-00039088-00039331 its free exercise thus protecting any
+Oj46Lava2nI-00169-00039332-00039568 religious organization institution or
+Oj46Lava2nI-00170-00039569-00039724 denomination from government
+Oj46Lava2nI-00171-00039725-00039967 interference the decision was mainly
+Oj46Lava2nI-00172-00039968-00040195 influenced by European rationalist and
+Oj46Lava2nI-00173-00040196-00040384 Protestant ideals but was also a
+Oj46Lava2nI-00174-00040385-00040602 consequence of the pragmatic concerns of
+Oj46Lava2nI-00175-00040603-00040798 minority religious groups and small
+Oj46Lava2nI-00176-00040799-00040975 states that did not want to be under the
+Oj46Lava2nI-00177-00040976-00041158 power or influence of a national
+Oj46Lava2nI-00178-00041159-00041630 religion that did not represent them
+Oj46Lava2nI-00179-00041631-00042201 topic Abrahamic religions
+Oj46Lava2nI-00180-00042202-00042711 topic Christianity
+Oj46Lava2nI-00181-00042712-00042971 the most popular religion in the u.s. is
+Oj46Lava2nI-00182-00042972-00043187 Christianity comprising the majority of
+Oj46Lava2nI-00183-00043188-00043428 the population seventy-three point seven
+Oj46Lava2nI-00184-00043429-00043755 percent of adults in 2016 according to
+Oj46Lava2nI-00185-00043756-00043959 the Association of statisticians of
+Oj46Lava2nI-00186-00043960-00044154 American religious bodies newsletter
+Oj46Lava2nI-00187-00044155-00044448 published March 2017 based on data from
+Oj46Lava2nI-00188-00044449-00044655 2010 Christians were the largest
+Oj46Lava2nI-00189-00044656-00044970 religious population in all 3143
+Oj46Lava2nI-00190-00044971-00045261 counties in the country roughly forty
+Oj46Lava2nI-00191-00045262-00045446 eight point nine percent of Americans
+Oj46Lava2nI-00192-00045447-00045705 are Protestants twenty 3.0% are
+Oj46Lava2nI-00193-00045706-00045960 catholics 1.8 percent are Mormons the
+Oj46Lava2nI-00194-00045961-00046155 name commonly used to refer to members
+Oj46Lava2nI-00195-00046156-00046314 of the Church of Jesus Christ of
+Oj46Lava2nI-00196-00046315-00046577 latter-day saints Christianity was
+Oj46Lava2nI-00197-00046578-00046779 introduced during the period of European
+Oj46Lava2nI-00198-00046780-00047165 colonization according to a 2012 review
+Oj46Lava2nI-00199-00047166-00047402 by the National Council of Churches the
+Oj46Lava2nI-00200-00047403-00047687 five largest denominations are the
+Oj46Lava2nI-00201-00047688-00047904 Catholic Church 68 million two hundred
+Oj46Lava2nI-00202-00047905-00048096 two thousand four hundred ninety two
+Oj46Lava2nI-00203-00048097-00048383 members the Southern Baptist Convention
+Oj46Lava2nI-00204-00048384-00048642 sixteen million one hundred thirty six
+Oj46Lava2nI-00205-00048643-00048957 thousand forty four members the United
+Oj46Lava2nI-00206-00048958-00049161 Methodist Church seven million six
+Oj46Lava2nI-00207-00049162-00049323 hundred seventy nine thousand eight
+Oj46Lava2nI-00208-00049324-00049602 hundred fifty members the Church of
+Oj46Lava2nI-00209-00049603-00049827 Jesus Christ of latter-day saints six
+Oj46Lava2nI-00210-00049828-00050058 million one hundred fifty-seven thousand
+Oj46Lava2nI-00211-00050059-00050325 two hundred thirty eight members the
+Oj46Lava2nI-00212-00050326-00050465 Church of God in Christ
+Oj46Lava2nI-00213-00050466-00050658 five million four hundred ninety nine
+Oj46Lava2nI-00214-00050659-00050826 thousand eight hundred seventy five
+Oj46Lava2nI-00215-00050827-00050990 members the Southern Baptist Convention
+Oj46Lava2nI-00216-00050991-00051266 with over 16 million adherents is the
+Oj46Lava2nI-00217-00051267-00051401 largest of more than two hundred
+Oj46Lava2nI-00218-00051402-00051566 distinctly named Protestant
+Oj46Lava2nI-00219-00051567-00051819 denominations in two thousand seven
+Oj46Lava2nI-00220-00051820-00052026 members of evangelical churches
+Oj46Lava2nI-00221-00052027-00052314 comprised 26% of the American population
+Oj46Lava2nI-00222-00052315-00052566 while another 18% belong to mainline
+Oj46Lava2nI-00223-00052566-00052836 Protestant churches and 7% belong to
+Oj46Lava2nI-00224-00052837-00053109 historically black churches a 2015 study
+Oj46Lava2nI-00225-00053110-00053397 estimates some 450,000 Christian
+Oj46Lava2nI-00226-00053398-00053591 believers from a Muslim background in
+Oj46Lava2nI-00227-00053592-00053772 the country most of them belonging to
+Oj46Lava2nI-00228-00053773-00054092 some form of Protestantism in 2010 there
+Oj46Lava2nI-00229-00054094-00054344 were approximately 180,000 Arab
+Oj46Lava2nI-00230-00054345-00054639 Americans and about 130 thousand Iranian
+Oj46Lava2nI-00231-00054640-00054849 Americans who converted from Islam to
+Oj46Lava2nI-00232-00054850-00054944 Christianity
+Oj46Lava2nI-00233-00054945-00055232 Dudley Woodbury a Fulbright Scholar of
+Oj46Lava2nI-00234-00055233-00055440 Islam estimates that twenty thousand
+Oj46Lava2nI-00235-00055441-00055662 Muslims convert to Christianity annually
+Oj46Lava2nI-00236-00055663-00056021 in the United States
+Oj46Lava2nI-00237-00056022-00056625 topic mainline Protestant denominations
+Oj46Lava2nI-00238-00056626-00056821 historians agree that members of
+Oj46Lava2nI-00239-00056822-00057040 mainline Protestant denominations have
+Oj46Lava2nI-00240-00057041-00057255 played leadership roles in many aspects
+Oj46Lava2nI-00241-00057257-00057469 of American life including politics
+Oj46Lava2nI-00242-00057470-00057726 business science the arts and education
+Oj46Lava2nI-00243-00057727-00057964 they founded most of the country's
+Oj46Lava2nI-00244-00057965-00058179 leading institutes of higher education
+Oj46Lava2nI-00245-00058180-00058435 according to Harriet Zuckerman 72
+Oj46Lava2nI-00246-00058436-00058612 percent of American Nobel Prize
+Oj46Lava2nI-00247-00058613-00058969 laureates between 1901 and 1972 have
+Oj46Lava2nI-00248-00058970-00059175 identified from Protestant background
+Oj46Lava2nI-00249-00059176-00059419 Episcopalians and Presbyterians tend to
+Oj46Lava2nI-00250-00059420-00059596 be considerably wealthier and better
+Oj46Lava2nI-00251-00059597-00059782 educated than most other religious
+Oj46Lava2nI-00252-00059783-00059953 groups and numbers of the most wealthy
+Oj46Lava2nI-00253-00059954-00060160 and affluent American families as the
+Oj46Lava2nI-00254-00060161-00060352 Vanderbilts and asters Rockefeller
+Oj46Lava2nI-00255-00060353-00060610 DuPont Roosevelt Forbes Whitney's
+Oj46Lava2nI-00256-00060611-00060799 Morgans and Herman's are mainline
+Oj46Lava2nI-00257-00060800-00060952 Protestant families though those
+Oj46Lava2nI-00258-00060953-00061126 affiliated with Judaism are the
+Oj46Lava2nI-00259-00061127-00061327 wealthiest religious group in the United
+Oj46Lava2nI-00260-00061328-00061491 status and those affiliated with
+Oj46Lava2nI-00261-00061492-00061720 Catholicism owing to sheer size have the
+Oj46Lava2nI-00262-00061721-00061903 largest number of adherents of all
+Oj46Lava2nI-00263-00061904-00062122 groups in the top income bracket some of
+Oj46Lava2nI-00264-00062123-00062304 the first colleges and universities in
+Oj46Lava2nI-00265-00062305-00062560 America including Harvard Yale Princeton
+Oj46Lava2nI-00266-00062561-00062845 Columbia Dartmouth Williams Bowdoin
+Oj46Lava2nI-00267-00062846-00063085 Middlebury and Amherst all were founded
+Oj46Lava2nI-00268-00063086-00063373 by mainline Protestant denominations by
+Oj46Lava2nI-00269-00063374-00063607 the 1920s most had weakened or dropped
+Oj46Lava2nI-00270-00063608-00063733 their formal connection with a
+Oj46Lava2nI-00271-00063734-00064032 denomination James Hunter argues that
+Oj46Lava2nI-00272-00064033-00064291 the private schools in colleges
+Oj46Lava2nI-00273-00064291-00064495 established by the mainline Protestant
+Oj46Lava2nI-00274-00064496-00064726 denominations as a rule still want to be
+Oj46Lava2nI-00275-00064727-00064951 known as places that foster values but
+Oj46Lava2nI-00276-00064952-00065161 few will go so far as to identify those
+Oj46Lava2nI-00277-00065162-00065400 values as Christian
+Oj46Lava2nI-00278-00065401-00065631 overall the distinctiveness of mainline
+Oj46Lava2nI-00279-00065632-00065803 Protestant identity has largely
+Oj46Lava2nI-00280-00065804-00066255 dissolved since the 1960s
+Oj46Lava2nI-00281-00066256-00066771 topic Christian settlers
+Oj46Lava2nI-00282-00066772-00067094 beginning around 1600 European settlers
+Oj46Lava2nI-00283-00067095-00067284 introduced Anglican and Puritans
+Oj46Lava2nI-00284-00067285-00067501 religion as well as Baptist Presbyterian
+Oj46Lava2nI-00285-00067502-00067742 Lutheran Quaker and Moravian
+Oj46Lava2nI-00286-00067743-00068022 denominations beginning in the 16th
+Oj46Lava2nI-00287-00068023-00068276 century the Spanish and later the French
+Oj46Lava2nI-00288-00068277-00068565 and English introduced Catholicism from
+Oj46Lava2nI-00289-00068566-00068724 the 19th century to the present
+Oj46Lava2nI-00290-00068725-00068949 Catholics moved to the u.s. in large
+Oj46Lava2nI-00291-00068950-00069165 numbers due to emigration of Italians
+Oj46Lava2nI-00292-00069166-00069461 Hispanics Portuguese French polish Irish
+Oj46Lava2nI-00293-00069462-00069767 Highland Scots Dutch Flemish King Gary
+Oj46Lava2nI-00294-00069768-00070031 ins Germans Lebanese Maronite and other
+Oj46Lava2nI-00295-00070032-00070323 ethnic groups during the 19th century
+Oj46Lava2nI-00296-00070324-00070517 two main branches of Eastern
+Oj46Lava2nI-00297-00070518-00070756 Christianity also arrived to America
+Oj46Lava2nI-00298-00070757-00071049 Eastern Orthodoxy was brought to America
+Oj46Lava2nI-00299-00071050-00071312 by Greek Russian Ukrainian Serbian and
+Oj46Lava2nI-00300-00071313-00071490 other immigrant groups mainly from
+Oj46Lava2nI-00301-00071491-00071768 Eastern Europe in the same time several
+Oj46Lava2nI-00302-00071769-00071936 immigrant groups from the Middle East
+Oj46Lava2nI-00303-00071937-00072180 mainly Armenians Copts and cereals
+Oj46Lava2nI-00304-00072181-00072457 brought oriental orthodoxy to America
+Oj46Lava2nI-00305-00072458-00072707 several Christian groups were founded in
+Oj46Lava2nI-00306-00072708-00072885 America during the Great Awakenings
+Oj46Lava2nI-00307-00072886-00073167 interdenominational evangelicalism and
+Oj46Lava2nI-00308-00073168-00073381 Pentecostalism emerged new Protestant
+Oj46Lava2nI-00309-00073382-00073600 denominations such as Adventism
+Oj46Lava2nI-00310-00073601-00073803 nondenominational movements such as the
+Oj46Lava2nI-00311-00073804-00073986 restoration movement which over time
+Oj46Lava2nI-00312-00073987-00074150 separated into the Churches of Christ
+Oj46Lava2nI-00313-00074151-00074367 the Christian churches and Churches of
+Oj46Lava2nI-00314-00074368-00074525 Christ and the Christian Church
+Oj46Lava2nI-00315-00074526-00074756 disciples of Christ jehovah's witnesses
+Oj46Lava2nI-00316-00074757-00075068 called bible students in the latter part
+Oj46Lava2nI-00317-00075069-00075279 of the 19th century and the Church of
+Oj46Lava2nI-00318-00075280-00075465 Jesus Christ of Latter day Saints
+Oj46Lava2nI-00319-00075466-00075776 Mormonism the strength of various sects
+Oj46Lava2nI-00320-00075777-00075974 varies greatly in different regions of
+Oj46Lava2nI-00321-00075975-00076136 the country with rural parts of the
+Oj46Lava2nI-00322-00076137-00076343 south having many of angelical 's but
+Oj46Lava2nI-00323-00076344-00076590 very few Catholics except Louisiana and
+Oj46Lava2nI-00324-00076591-00076736 the Gulf Coast and from among the
+Oj46Lava2nI-00325-00076737-00076965 Hispanic community both of which consist
+Oj46Lava2nI-00326-00076966-00077150 mainly of Catholics while urbanized
+Oj46Lava2nI-00327-00077151-00077363 areas of the North Atlantic states and
+Oj46Lava2nI-00328-00077364-00077579 Great Lakes as well as many industrial
+Oj46Lava2nI-00329-00077580-00077756 and mining towns are heavily Catholic
+Oj46Lava2nI-00330-00077757-00077987 though still quite mixed especially due
+Oj46Lava2nI-00331-00077988-00078107 to the heavily Protestant
+Oj46Lava2nI-00332-00078108-00078431 african-american communities in 1990
+Oj46Lava2nI-00333-00078432-00078621 nearly seventy two percent of the
+Oj46Lava2nI-00334-00078622-00078860 population of Utah was Mormon as well as
+Oj46Lava2nI-00335-00078861-00079236 26% of neighboring Idaho Lutheranism is
+Oj46Lava2nI-00336-00079237-00079449 most prominent in the Upper Midwest with
+Oj46Lava2nI-00337-00079450-00079604 North Dakota having the highest
+Oj46Lava2nI-00338-00079605-00079872 percentage of Lutheran's 35% according
+Oj46Lava2nI-00339-00079873-00080157 to a 2001 survey the largest religion
+Oj46Lava2nI-00340-00080158-00080334 Christianity has proportionately
+Oj46Lava2nI-00341-00080335-00080664 diminished since 1990 while the absolute
+Oj46Lava2nI-00342-00080665-00080913 number of Christians rose from 1990 to
+Oj46Lava2nI-00343-00080914-00081111 2008 the percentage of Christians
+Oj46Lava2nI-00344-00081112-00081446 dropped from 86 percent to 76 percent a
+Oj46Lava2nI-00345-00081447-00081756 nationwide telephone interview of 1,000
+Oj46Lava2nI-00346-00081757-00081933 to adults conducted by the Barna Group
+Oj46Lava2nI-00347-00081934-00082164 found that 70 percent of American adults
+Oj46Lava2nI-00348-00082165-00082392 believe that goddess the all-powerful
+Oj46Lava2nI-00349-00082393-00082632 all-knowing creator of the universe who
+Oj46Lava2nI-00350-00082633-00082989 still rules it today and that 9 percent
+Oj46Lava2nI-00351-00082990-00083295 of all American adults and 0.5% young
+Oj46Lava2nI-00352-00083296-00083487 adults hold to what the survey defined
+Oj46Lava2nI-00353-00083488-00083814 is a biblical worldview Episcopalian
+Oj46Lava2nI-00354-00083815-00084087 Presbyterian Eastern Orthodox and United
+Oj46Lava2nI-00355-00084088-00084246 Church of Christ members have the
+Oj46Lava2nI-00356-00084247-00084390 highest number of graduate and
+Oj46Lava2nI-00357-00084391-00084627 postgraduate degrees per capita of all
+Oj46Lava2nI-00358-00084628-00084825 Christian denominations in the United
+Oj46Lava2nI-00359-00084826-00085008 States as well as the most high income
+Oj46Lava2nI-00360-00085009-00085224 earners however owing to the sheer size
+Oj46Lava2nI-00361-00085225-00085443 or demographic headcount of Catholics
+Oj46Lava2nI-00362-00085444-00085662 more individual Catholics have graduate
+Oj46Lava2nI-00363-00085663-00085830 degrees and are in the highest income
+Oj46Lava2nI-00364-00085831-00086010 brackets than have her are individuals
+Oj46Lava2nI-00365-00086011-00086451 of any other religious community
+Oj46Lava2nI-00366-00086452-00086943 topic Judaism
+Oj46Lava2nI-00367-00086944-00087231 after Christianity Judaism is the next
+Oj46Lava2nI-00368-00087232-00087426 largest religious affiliation in the
+Oj46Lava2nI-00369-00087427-00087603 u.s. though this identification is not
+Oj46Lava2nI-00370-00087604-00087819 necessarily indicative of religious
+Oj46Lava2nI-00371-00087820-00088059 beliefs or practices there are between
+Oj46Lava2nI-00372-00088060-00088287 five point three and six point six
+Oj46Lava2nI-00373-00088288-00088557 million Jews a significant number of
+Oj46Lava2nI-00374-00088558-00088794 people identified themselves as American
+Oj46Lava2nI-00375-00088795-00089001 Jews on ethnic and cultural grounds
+Oj46Lava2nI-00376-00089002-00089252 rather than religious ones for example
+Oj46Lava2nI-00377-00089253-00089559 19 percent of self-identified American
+Oj46Lava2nI-00378-00089560-00089769 Jews do not believe God exists
+Oj46Lava2nI-00379-00089770-00089997 the two thousand one are a study
+Oj46Lava2nI-00380-00089998-00090180 projected from its sample that there are
+Oj46Lava2nI-00381-00090181-00090456 about 5.3 million adults in the American
+Oj46Lava2nI-00382-00090457-00090753 Jewish population 2.8 3 million adults
+Oj46Lava2nI-00383-00090754-00090987 1.4 percent of the u.s. adult population
+Oj46Lava2nI-00384-00090988-00091277 are estimated to be adherents of Judaism
+Oj46Lava2nI-00385-00091278-00091539 1.08 million are estimated to be
+Oj46Lava2nI-00386-00091540-00091797 adherents of no religion and 1.3 6
+Oj46Lava2nI-00387-00091798-00091992 million are estimated to be adherents of
+Oj46Lava2nI-00388-00091993-00092331 a religion other than judaism aris 2008
+Oj46Lava2nI-00389-00092332-00092628 estimated about 2.6 eight million adults
+Oj46Lava2nI-00390-00092629-00092883 1.2 percent in the country identified
+Oj46Lava2nI-00391-00092884-00093141 judaism as their faith according to a
+Oj46Lava2nI-00392-00093142-00093435 20-17 study judaism is the religion of
+Oj46Lava2nI-00393-00093436-00093654 approximately 2% of the american
+Oj46Lava2nI-00394-00093655-00093752 population
+Oj46Lava2nI-00395-00093753-00093987 jews have been present in what is now
+Oj46Lava2nI-00396-00093988-00094212 the US since the 17th century and
+Oj46Lava2nI-00397-00094213-00094401 specifically allowed since the british
+Oj46Lava2nI-00398-00094402-00094749 colonial plantation act 1740 although
+Oj46Lava2nI-00399-00094750-00094947 small Western European communities
+Oj46Lava2nI-00400-00094948-00095169 initially developed and grew large-scale
+Oj46Lava2nI-00401-00095170-00095373 immigration did not take place until the
+Oj46Lava2nI-00402-00095374-00095637 late 19th century largely as a result of
+Oj46Lava2nI-00403-00095638-00095850 persecutions in parts of Eastern Europe
+Oj46Lava2nI-00404-00095851-00096096 the Jewish community in the United
+Oj46Lava2nI-00405-00096097-00096279 States has composed predominantly of
+Oj46Lava2nI-00406-00096280-00096507 Ashkenazi Jews whose ancestors emigrated
+Oj46Lava2nI-00407-00096508-00096789 from Central and Eastern Europe there
+Oj46Lava2nI-00408-00096790-00097014 are however small numbers of older and
+Oj46Lava2nI-00409-00097015-00097212 some recently arrived communities of
+Oj46Lava2nI-00410-00097213-00097443 sephardi jews with roots tracing back to
+Oj46Lava2nI-00411-00097444-00097734 15th century Iberia Spain Portugal and
+Oj46Lava2nI-00412-00097735-00098052 North Africa there are also Mizrahi Jews
+Oj46Lava2nI-00413-00098053-00098247 from the Middle East Caucasia and
+Oj46Lava2nI-00414-00098248-00098445 Central Asia as well as much smaller
+Oj46Lava2nI-00415-00098446-00098688 numbers of Ethiopian Jews Indian Jews
+Oj46Lava2nI-00416-00098689-00098913 kaifeng Jews and others from various
+Oj46Lava2nI-00417-00098914-00099140 smaller Jewish ethnic divisions
+Oj46Lava2nI-00418-00099141-00099431 approximately 25% of the Jewish American
+Oj46Lava2nI-00419-00099432-00099618 population lives in New York City
+Oj46Lava2nI-00420-00099619-00099819 according to the Association of
+Oj46Lava2nI-00421-00099820-00100023 statisticians of American religious
+Oj46Lava2nI-00422-00100024-00100287 bodies newsletter published March 2017
+Oj46Lava2nI-00423-00100288-00100335 Bay
+Oj46Lava2nI-00424-00100336-00100572 data from 2010 Jews were the largest
+Oj46Lava2nI-00425-00100573-00100886 minority religion in 231 counties out of
+Oj46Lava2nI-00426-00100887-00101210 the 3143 counties in the country
+Oj46Lava2nI-00427-00101211-00101519 according to a 2014 survey conducted by
+Oj46Lava2nI-00428-00101520-00101687 the Pew Forum on Religion and Public
+Oj46Lava2nI-00429-00101688-00101991 Life 1.7 percent of adults in the u.s.
+Oj46Lava2nI-00430-00101992-00102206 identified Judaism as their religion
+Oj46Lava2nI-00431-00102207-00102539 among those surveyed 44% said they were
+Oj46Lava2nI-00432-00102540-00102782 reformed Jews 22% said they were
+Oj46Lava2nI-00433-00102783-00103055 conservative Jews and 14% said they were
+Oj46Lava2nI-00434-00103056-00103382 Orthodox Jews according to the 1990
+Oj46Lava2nI-00435-00103383-00103698 national Jewish population survey 38% of
+Oj46Lava2nI-00436-00103699-00103883 Jews were affiliated with the reformed
+Oj46Lava2nI-00437-00103884-00104210 tradition 35% were conservative 6% were
+Oj46Lava2nI-00438-00104211-00104547 Orthodox 1% were reconstructionists 10%
+Oj46Lava2nI-00439-00104548-00104673 linked themselves to some other
+Oj46Lava2nI-00440-00104674-00104936 tradition and 10% said they are just
+Oj46Lava2nI-00441-00104938-00105114 Jewish
+Oj46Lava2nI-00442-00105115-00105315 the Pew Research Center report on
+Oj46Lava2nI-00443-00105316-00105536 American Judaism released in October
+Oj46Lava2nI-00444-00105538-00105833 2013 revealed that 22 percent of Jewish
+Oj46Lava2nI-00445-00105834-00106089 Americans say they have no religion and
+Oj46Lava2nI-00446-00106090-00106334 the majority of respondents do not see
+Oj46Lava2nI-00447-00106335-00106542 religion as the primary constituent of
+Oj46Lava2nI-00448-00106543-00106857 Jewish identity 62 percent believe
+Oj46Lava2nI-00449-00106858-00107076 Jewish identity is based primarily in
+Oj46Lava2nI-00450-00107077-00107349 ancestry and culture only 15 percent in
+Oj46Lava2nI-00451-00107350-00107655 religion among Jews who gave Judaism as
+Oj46Lava2nI-00452-00107656-00107904 their religion 55 percent based Jewish
+Oj46Lava2nI-00453-00107905-00108204 identity on ancestry and culture and 66
+Oj46Lava2nI-00454-00108205-00108410 percent did not view belief in God as
+Oj46Lava2nI-00455-00108411-00108663 essential to Judaism a 2009 study
+Oj46Lava2nI-00456-00108664-00108824 estimated the jewish population
+Oj46Lava2nI-00457-00108825-00109029 including both those who define
+Oj46Lava2nI-00458-00109030-00109218 themselves as jewish by religion and
+Oj46Lava2nI-00459-00109219-00109416 those who define themselves as jewish in
+Oj46Lava2nI-00460-00109417-00109617 cultural or ethnic terms to be between
+Oj46Lava2nI-00461-00109618-00110016 6.0 and 6.4 million according to a study
+Oj46Lava2nI-00462-00110017-00110265 done in 2000 there were an estimated 6
+Oj46Lava2nI-00463-00110266-00110490 point 1 4 million Jewish people in the
+Oj46Lava2nI-00464-00110491-00110678 country about 2% of the population
+Oj46Lava2nI-00465-00110679-00110984 according to the 2001 national Jewish
+Oj46Lava2nI-00466-00110985-00111284 population survey 4.3 million American
+Oj46Lava2nI-00467-00111285-00111471 Jewish adults have some sort of strong
+Oj46Lava2nI-00468-00111472-00111597 connection to the Jewish community
+Oj46Lava2nI-00469-00111598-00111924 whether religious or cultural Jewishness
+Oj46Lava2nI-00470-00111925-00112098 has generally considered an ethnic
+Oj46Lava2nI-00471-00112099-00112289 identity as well as a religious one
+Oj46Lava2nI-00472-00112290-00112602 among the 4.3 million American Jews
+Oj46Lava2nI-00473-00112603-00112868 described as strongly connected to
+Oj46Lava2nI-00474-00112869-00113139 Judaism over 80 percent have some sort
+Oj46Lava2nI-00475-00113140-00113295 of active engagement with Judaism
+Oj46Lava2nI-00476-00113296-00113508 ranging from attendance at daily prayer
+Oj46Lava2nI-00477-00113508-00113703 services on one end of the spectrum to
+Oj46Lava2nI-00478-00113704-00113909 attending Passover seders or lighting
+Oj46Lava2nI-00479-00113910-00114174 Chanukah candles on the other the survey
+Oj46Lava2nI-00480-00114175-00114345 also discovered that Jews in the
+Oj46Lava2nI-00481-00114346-00114540 Northeast and Midwest are generally more
+Oj46Lava2nI-00482-00114541-00114782 observant than Jews in the south or west
+Oj46Lava2nI-00483-00114783-00115020 reflecting a trend also observed among
+Oj46Lava2nI-00484-00115021-00115208 other religious groups Jews in the
+Oj46Lava2nI-00485-00115209-00115428 northwestern United States are typically
+Oj46Lava2nI-00486-00115429-00115596 the least observant of tradition the
+Oj46Lava2nI-00487-00115597-00115791 Jewish American community has higher
+Oj46Lava2nI-00488-00115792-00115998 household incomes than average and is
+Oj46Lava2nI-00489-00115999-00116178 one of the best educated religious
+Oj46Lava2nI-00490-00116179-00116625 communities in the United States
+Oj46Lava2nI-00491-00116626-00117100 topic Islam
+Oj46Lava2nI-00492-00117101-00117360 Islam is the third largest religion in
+Oj46Lava2nI-00493-00117361-00117520 number in the United States after
+Oj46Lava2nI-00494-00117521-00117775 Christianity and Judaism representing
+Oj46Lava2nI-00495-00117776-00118024 the 0.8 percent of the population in
+Oj46Lava2nI-00496-00118025-00118345 2016 according to the Association of
+Oj46Lava2nI-00497-00118346-00118546 statisticians of American religious
+Oj46Lava2nI-00498-00118547-00118734 bodies newsletter published in March
+Oj46Lava2nI-00499-00118735-00119068 2017 based on data from 2010 Muslims
+Oj46Lava2nI-00500-00119069-00119274 were the largest minority religion in
+Oj46Lava2nI-00501-00119275-00119641 392 counties out of the 3,000 143
+Oj46Lava2nI-00502-00119642-00119913 counties in the country Islam in America
+Oj46Lava2nI-00503-00119914-00120135 effectively began with the arrival of
+Oj46Lava2nI-00504-00120136-00120376 African slaves it is estimated that
+Oj46Lava2nI-00505-00120377-00120585 about 10 percent of African slaves
+Oj46Lava2nI-00506-00120586-00120783 transported to the United States were
+Oj46Lava2nI-00507-00120784-00121096 Muslim most however became Christians
+Oj46Lava2nI-00508-00121097-00121267 and the United States did not have a
+Oj46Lava2nI-00509-00121268-00121489 significant Muslim population until the
+Oj46Lava2nI-00510-00121490-00121678 arrival of immigrants from Arab and East
+Oj46Lava2nI-00511-00121679-00121959 Asian Muslim areas according to some
+Oj46Lava2nI-00512-00121960-00122158 experts Islam later gained a higher
+Oj46Lava2nI-00513-00122158-00122371 profile through the Nation of Islam a
+Oj46Lava2nI-00514-00122372-00122551 religious group that appealed to black
+Oj46Lava2nI-00515-00122552-00122827 Americans after the 1940s its prominent
+Oj46Lava2nI-00516-00122828-00123052 converts included Malcolm X and Muhammad
+Oj46Lava2nI-00517-00123053-00123367 Ali the first Muslim elected in Congress
+Oj46Lava2nI-00518-00123368-00123636 was keith ellison in 2006 followed by
+Oj46Lava2nI-00519-00123638-00124024 Andre Carson in 2008 research indicates
+Oj46Lava2nI-00520-00124025-00124219 that Muslims in the United States are
+Oj46Lava2nI-00521-00124220-00124375 generally more assimilated and
+Oj46Lava2nI-00522-00124376-00124536 prosperous than their counterparts in
+Oj46Lava2nI-00523-00124538-00124785 Europe like other sub cultural and
+Oj46Lava2nI-00524-00124786-00124972 religious communities the Islamic
+Oj46Lava2nI-00525-00124973-00125140 community has generated its own
+Oj46Lava2nI-00526-00125141-00125338 political organizations and charity
+Oj46Lava2nI-00527-00125339-00125808 organizations
+Oj46Lava2nI-00528-00125808-00126198 Baha'i faith
+Oj46Lava2nI-00529-00126199-00126420 the United States has perhaps the
+Oj46Lava2nI-00530-00126421-00126618 second-largest Baha'i community in the
+Oj46Lava2nI-00531-00126619-00126870 world first mention of the faith in the
+Oj46Lava2nI-00532-00126871-00127077 US was at the inaugural Parliament of
+Oj46Lava2nI-00533-00127078-00127245 world religions which was held at the
+Oj46Lava2nI-00534-00127246-00127497 Columbian Exposition in Chicago in 1893
+Oj46Lava2nI-00535-00127498-00127979 in 1894 ibrahim george kerala a syrian
+Oj46Lava2nI-00536-00127980-00128163 Baha'i immigrant established a community
+Oj46Lava2nI-00537-00128164-00128397 in the u.s. he later left the main group
+Oj46Lava2nI-00538-00128398-00128646 and founded a rival movement according
+Oj46Lava2nI-00539-00128647-00128874 to the association of statisticians of
+Oj46Lava2nI-00540-00128875-00129069 american religious bodies newsletter
+Oj46Lava2nI-00541-00129070-00129339 published March 2017 based on data from
+Oj46Lava2nI-00542-00129340-00129540 2010 the highest were the largest
+Oj46Lava2nI-00543-00129541-00129777 minority religion in 80 counties out of
+Oj46Lava2nI-00544-00129778-00130350 the 3,000 143 counties in the country
+Oj46Lava2nI-00545-00130351-00131044 topic Rastafarianism Rastafarians began
+Oj46Lava2nI-00546-00131045-00131236 migrating to the United States in the
+Oj46Lava2nI-00547-00131237-00131545 1950s 60s and 70s from the religions
+Oj46Lava2nI-00548-00131546-00131920 1930s birthplace Jamaica Marcus Garvey
+Oj46Lava2nI-00549-00131921-00132103 who is considered a prophet by many
+Oj46Lava2nI-00550-00132104-00132319 Rastafarians rose to prominence and
+Oj46Lava2nI-00551-00132320-00132504 cultivated many of his ideas in the
+Oj46Lava2nI-00552-00132505-00132893 United States
+Oj46Lava2nI-00553-00132894-00133438 topic dharmic religions
+Oj46Lava2nI-00554-00133439-00133913 topic Buddhism
+Oj46Lava2nI-00555-00133914-00134177 Buddhism entered the US during the 19th
+Oj46Lava2nI-00556-00134178-00134351 century with the arrival of the first
+Oj46Lava2nI-00557-00134352-00134606 immigrants from East Asia the first
+Oj46Lava2nI-00558-00134607-00134810 Buddhist temple was established in San
+Oj46Lava2nI-00559-00134811-00135157 Francisco in 1853 by Chinese Americans
+Oj46Lava2nI-00560-00135158-00135449 during the late 19th century Buddhist
+Oj46Lava2nI-00561-00135450-00135653 missionaries from Japan traveled to the
+Oj46Lava2nI-00562-00135654-00135953 US during the same time period u.s.
+Oj46Lava2nI-00563-00135954-00136115 intellectuals started to take interest
+Oj46Lava2nI-00564-00136116-00136436 in Buddhism the first prominent US
+Oj46Lava2nI-00565-00136437-00136658 citizen to publicly convert to Buddhism
+Oj46Lava2nI-00566-00136659-00136910 was Henry steel Olcott in 1880 who is
+Oj46Lava2nI-00567-00136911-00137084 still honored in Sri Lanka for these
+Oj46Lava2nI-00568-00137085-00137360 efforts an event that contributed to the
+Oj46Lava2nI-00569-00137361-00137564 strengthening of Buddhism in the US was
+Oj46Lava2nI-00570-00137565-00137690 the Parliament of the world's religions
+Oj46Lava2nI-00571-00137691-00137984 in 1893 which was attended by many
+Oj46Lava2nI-00572-00137985-00138215 Buddhist delegates sent from India China
+Oj46Lava2nI-00573-00138216-00138571 Japan Vietnam Thailand and Sri Lanka the
+Oj46Lava2nI-00574-00138572-00138884 early 20th century was characterized by
+Oj46Lava2nI-00575-00138885-00139085 a continuation of tendencies that had
+Oj46Lava2nI-00576-00139086-00139343 their roots in the 19th century the
+Oj46Lava2nI-00577-00139344-00139532 second half by contrast saw the
+Oj46Lava2nI-00578-00139533-00139739 emergence of new approaches and the move
+Oj46Lava2nI-00579-00139740-00139898 of Buddhism into the mainstream and
+Oj46Lava2nI-00580-00139899-00140090 making itself a mass than social
+Oj46Lava2nI-00581-00140091-00140348 religious phenomenon according to a 2016
+Oj46Lava2nI-00582-00140349-00140615 study Buddhists are approximately 1% of
+Oj46Lava2nI-00583-00140616-00140879 the American population according to the
+Oj46Lava2nI-00584-00140880-00141125 Association of statisticians of American
+Oj46Lava2nI-00585-00141126-00141299 religious bodies newsletter published
+Oj46Lava2nI-00586-00141300-00141611 March 2017 based on data from 2010
+Oj46Lava2nI-00587-00141612-00141773 Buddhists were the largest minority
+Oj46Lava2nI-00588-00141774-00142229 religion in 186 counties out of the 3143
+Oj46Lava2nI-00589-00142230-00142639 counties in the country
+Oj46Lava2nI-00590-00142640-00143132 topic hinduism
+Oj46Lava2nI-00591-00143133-00143385 Hinduism is the fourth largest faith in
+Oj46Lava2nI-00592-00143386-00143550 the United States representing
+Oj46Lava2nI-00593-00143551-00143799 approximately 1% of the population in
+Oj46Lava2nI-00594-00143800-00143898 2016
+Oj46Lava2nI-00595-00143899-00144168 the first time Hinduism entered the u.s.
+Oj46Lava2nI-00596-00144169-00144456 is not clearly identifiable however
+Oj46Lava2nI-00597-00144457-00144672 large groups of Hindus have emigrated
+Oj46Lava2nI-00598-00144673-00144813 from India and other Asian countries
+Oj46Lava2nI-00599-00144814-00145035 since the enactment of the Immigration
+Oj46Lava2nI-00600-00145036-00145398 and Nationality Act of 1965 during the
+Oj46Lava2nI-00601-00145399-00145727 1960s and 1970s Hinduism exercised
+Oj46Lava2nI-00602-00145728-00145911 fascination contributing to the
+Oj46Lava2nI-00603-00145912-00146169 development of new age thought during
+Oj46Lava2nI-00604-00146170-00146352 the same decades the International
+Oj46Lava2nI-00605-00146353-00146526 Society for Krishna consciousness
+Oj46Lava2nI-00606-00146527-00146702 evasion of eyed Hindu reformed
+Oj46Lava2nI-00607-00146703-00147065 organization was founded in the US
+Oj46Lava2nI-00608-00147066-00147403 in 2001 there were an estimated 700
+Oj46Lava2nI-00609-00147404-00147795 66,000 Hindus in the u.s. about 0.2% of
+Oj46Lava2nI-00610-00147796-00148044 the total population according to the
+Oj46Lava2nI-00611-00148045-00148289 association of statisticians of American
+Oj46Lava2nI-00612-00148290-00148463 religious bodies newsletter published
+Oj46Lava2nI-00613-00148464-00148778 March 2017 based on data from 2010
+Oj46Lava2nI-00614-00148779-00148940 Hindus were the largest minority
+Oj46Lava2nI-00615-00148941-00149266 religion in 92 counties out of the 3,000
+Oj46Lava2nI-00616-00149267-00149615 143 counties in the country in 2004 the
+Oj46Lava2nI-00617-00149616-00149879 Hindu American Foundation a national
+Oj46Lava2nI-00618-00149880-00150059 institution protecting rights of the
+Oj46Lava2nI-00619-00150060-00150361 Hindu community of us was founded
+Oj46Lava2nI-00620-00150362-00150609 American Hindus have one of the highest
+Oj46Lava2nI-00621-00150610-00150791 rates of educational attainment and
+Oj46Lava2nI-00622-00150792-00150989 household income among all religious
+Oj46Lava2nI-00623-00150990-00151146 communities and tend to have lower
+Oj46Lava2nI-00624-00151147-00151503 divorce rates
+Oj46Lava2nI-00625-00151504-00151988 topic Jainism
+Oj46Lava2nI-00626-00151989-00152240 adherents of Jainism first arrived in
+Oj46Lava2nI-00627-00152241-00152444 the United States in the 20th century
+Oj46Lava2nI-00628-00152445-00152690 the most significant time of Jain
+Oj46Lava2nI-00629-00152691-00153029 immigration was in the early 1970s the
+Oj46Lava2nI-00630-00153030-00153243 United States has since become a center
+Oj46Lava2nI-00631-00153244-00153522 of the Jain diaspora the Federation of
+Oj46Lava2nI-00632-00153523-00153762 Jain associations in North America as an
+Oj46Lava2nI-00633-00153763-00154001 umbrella organization of local American
+Oj46Lava2nI-00634-00154002-00154188 and Canadian Jain congregations to
+Oj46Lava2nI-00635-00154189-00154407 preserve practice and promote Jainism
+Oj46Lava2nI-00636-00154408-00154797 and the Jain way of life
+Oj46Lava2nI-00637-00154798-00155458 topic Sikhism Sikhism is a religion
+Oj46Lava2nI-00638-00155459-00155614 originating from the Indian subcontinent
+Oj46Lava2nI-00639-00155615-00155836 which was introduced into the United
+Oj46Lava2nI-00640-00155837-00156046 States when around the turn of the 20th
+Oj46Lava2nI-00641-00156047-00156250 century Sikhs started emigrating to the
+Oj46Lava2nI-00642-00156251-00156466 United States in significant numbers to
+Oj46Lava2nI-00643-00156467-00156712 work on farms in California they were
+Oj46Lava2nI-00644-00156713-00156904 the first community to come from India
+Oj46Lava2nI-00645-00156905-00157183 to the US in large numbers the first
+Oj46Lava2nI-00646-00157184-00157396 Sikh Gurdwara in America was built in
+Oj46Lava2nI-00647-00157397-00157828 Stockton California in 1912 in 2007
+Oj46Lava2nI-00648-00157829-00158028 there were estimated to be between
+Oj46Lava2nI-00649-00158029-00158347 250,000 and 500,000 Sikhs living in the
+Oj46Lava2nI-00650-00158348-00158487 united states with the largest
+Oj46Lava2nI-00651-00158488-00158713 populations living on the east and west
+Oj46Lava2nI-00652-00158714-00158932 coasts with additional populations in
+Oj46Lava2nI-00653-00158933-00159184 Detroit Chicago and Austin the United
+Oj46Lava2nI-00654-00159185-00159394 States also has a number of non Punjabi
+Oj46Lava2nI-00655-00159395-00159809 converts to Sikhism
+Oj46Lava2nI-00656-00159810-00160381 topic East Asian religions
+Oj46Lava2nI-00657-00160382-00160854 topic Daoism
+Oj46Lava2nI-00658-00160855-00161369 in 2004 there were an estimated 56,000
+Oj46Lava2nI-00659-00161370-00161604 Taoism was popularized throughout the
+Oj46Lava2nI-00660-00161605-00161739 world through the writings and teachings
+Oj46Lava2nI-00661-00161740-00161991 of Lao su and other Daoists as well as
+Oj46Lava2nI-00662-00161992-00162240 the practice of Qigong Tai Chi Chuan and
+Oj46Lava2nI-00663-00162241-00162684 other Chinese martial arts
+Oj46Lava2nI-00664-00162685-00163205 topic no religion
+Oj46Lava2nI-00665-00163206-00163550 in 2016 approximately eighteen point two
+Oj46Lava2nI-00666-00163551-00163745 percent of the Americans declared to be
+Oj46Lava2nI-00667-00163746-00164240 not religiously affiliated
+Oj46Lava2nI-00668-00164241-00164834 pick agnosticism atheism and humanism
+Oj46Lava2nI-00669-00164835-00165173 a 2001 survey directed by dr. Ariela
+Oj46Lava2nI-00670-00165174-00165365 Kizer for the City University of New
+Oj46Lava2nI-00671-00165366-00165569 York indicated that amongst the more
+Oj46Lava2nI-00672-00165570-00165829 than 100 categories of response no
+Oj46Lava2nI-00673-00165830-00166078 religious identification had the
+Oj46Lava2nI-00674-00166079-00166286 greatest increase in population in both
+Oj46Lava2nI-00675-00166287-00166552 absolute and percentage terms this
+Oj46Lava2nI-00676-00166553-00166789 category included atheists agnostics
+Oj46Lava2nI-00677-00166790-00167012 humanists and others with no stated
+Oj46Lava2nI-00678-00167013-00167282 religious preferences figures are up
+Oj46Lava2nI-00679-00167283-00167558 from 14 point three million in 1990 to
+Oj46Lava2nI-00680-00167559-00167815 34 point two million in 2008
+Oj46Lava2nI-00681-00167816-00168059 representing an increase from 8% of the
+Oj46Lava2nI-00682-00168060-00168449 total population in 1990 to 15% in 2008
+Oj46Lava2nI-00683-00168450-00168695 a nationwide Pew Research study
+Oj46Lava2nI-00684-00168696-00168952 published in 2008 put the figure of
+Oj46Lava2nI-00685-00168953-00169184 unaffiliated persons at sixteen point
+Oj46Lava2nI-00686-00169185-00169349 one percent while another Pew study
+Oj46Lava2nI-00687-00169350-00169603 published in 2012 was described as
+Oj46Lava2nI-00688-00169604-00169799 placing the proportion at about 20
+Oj46Lava2nI-00689-00169800-00170065 percent overall and roughly 33 percent
+Oj46Lava2nI-00690-00170066-00170341 for the 18 to 29 year old demographic in
+Oj46Lava2nI-00691-00170342-00170648 a 2006 nationwide poll University of
+Oj46Lava2nI-00692-00170649-00170834 Minnesota researchers found that despite
+Oj46Lava2nI-00693-00170835-00171040 an increasing acceptance of religious
+Oj46Lava2nI-00694-00171041-00171236 diversity atheists were generally
+Oj46Lava2nI-00695-00171237-00171422 distrusted by other Americans who
+Oj46Lava2nI-00696-00171423-00171623 trusted them less than Muslims recent
+Oj46Lava2nI-00697-00171624-00171814 immigrants and other minority groups in
+Oj46Lava2nI-00698-00171815-00172102 sharing their vision of American society
+Oj46Lava2nI-00699-00172103-00172390 they also associated atheists with
+Oj46Lava2nI-00700-00172391-00172564 undesirable attributes such as
+Oj46Lava2nI-00701-00172565-00172811 immorality criminal behavior rampant
+Oj46Lava2nI-00702-00172812-00173123 materialism and cultural elitism however
+Oj46Lava2nI-00703-00173124-00173375 the same study also reported that the
+Oj46Lava2nI-00704-00173376-00173612 researchers also found acceptance or
+Oj46Lava2nI-00705-00173613-00173858 rejection of atheists as related not
+Oj46Lava2nI-00706-00173859-00174143 only to personal religiosity but also to
+Oj46Lava2nI-00707-00174144-00174427 one's exposure to diversity education
+Oj46Lava2nI-00708-00174428-00174650 and political orientation with more
+Oj46Lava2nI-00709-00174651-00174904 educated East and West Coast Americans
+Oj46Lava2nI-00710-00174905-00175102 more accepting of atheists than their
+Oj46Lava2nI-00711-00175103-00175424 Midwestern counterparts some surveys
+Oj46Lava2nI-00712-00175425-00175595 have indicated that doubts about the
+Oj46Lava2nI-00713-00175596-00175765 existence of the divine were growing
+Oj46Lava2nI-00714-00175766-00175994 quickly among Americans under 30 on the
+Oj46Lava2nI-00715-00175995-00176290 24th of March 2012 American atheist
+Oj46Lava2nI-00716-00176291-00176507 sponsored the reason rally in Washington
+Oj46Lava2nI-00717-00176508-00176728 DC followed by the American atheist
+Oj46Lava2nI-00718-00176729-00176956 convention in Bethesda Maryland
+Oj46Lava2nI-00719-00176957-00177190 organizers called the estimated crowd of
+Oj46Lava2nI-00720-00177191-00177473 8,000 to 10,000 the largest ever US
+Oj46Lava2nI-00721-00177474-00177924 gathering of atheists in one place
+Oj46Lava2nI-00722-00177925-00178366 topic deism
+Oj46Lava2nI-00723-00178367-00178597 in the United States enlightenment
+Oj46Lava2nI-00724-00178598-00178783 philosophy which itself was heavily
+Oj46Lava2nI-00725-00178784-00179014 inspired by deist ideals played a major
+Oj46Lava2nI-00726-00179015-00179197 role in creating the principle of
+Oj46Lava2nI-00727-00179198-00179398 religious freedom expressed in Thomas
+Oj46Lava2nI-00728-00179399-00179587 Jefferson's letters and included in the
+Oj46Lava2nI-00729-00179588-00179728 First Amendment to the United States
+Oj46Lava2nI-00730-00179729-00180061 Constitution American Founding Fathers
+Oj46Lava2nI-00731-00180062-00180277 or framers of the Constitution who are
+Oj46Lava2nI-00732-00180278-00180478 especially noted for being influenced by
+Oj46Lava2nI-00733-00180479-00180733 such philosophy of deism include Thomas
+Oj46Lava2nI-00734-00180734-00180919 Jefferson Benjamin Franklin
+Oj46Lava2nI-00735-00180920-00181129 Cornelius Harnett governor Morris and
+Oj46Lava2nI-00736-00181130-00181384 hugh williamson their political speeches
+Oj46Lava2nI-00737-00181385-00181633 show distinct day istic influence other
+Oj46Lava2nI-00738-00181634-00181837 notable founding fathers may have been
+Oj46Lava2nI-00739-00181838-00182083 more directly deist these include Thomas
+Oj46Lava2nI-00740-00182084-00182368 Paine James Madison possibly Alexander
+Oj46Lava2nI-00741-00182369-00182752 Hamilton and Ethan Allen
+Oj46Lava2nI-00742-00182753-00183342 topic belief in the existence of a god
+Oj46Lava2nI-00743-00183343-00183558 various polls have been conducted to
+Oj46Lava2nI-00744-00183559-00183756 determine Americans actual beliefs
+Oj46Lava2nI-00745-00183757-00184107 regarding a god in 2014 the Pew Research
+Oj46Lava2nI-00746-00184108-00184332 Center's religious landscape studies
+Oj46Lava2nI-00747-00184333-00184617 showed 63% of Americans believed in God
+Oj46Lava2nI-00748-00184618-00184914 and were absolutely certain in their
+Oj46Lava2nI-00749-00184915-00185112 view while the figure rose to 89%
+Oj46Lava2nI-00750-00185113-00185508 including those who were agnostic a 2012
+Oj46Lava2nI-00751-00185509-00185712 when Gallup International poll showed
+Oj46Lava2nI-00752-00185713-00185928 that 5 percent of Americans considered
+Oj46Lava2nI-00753-00185929-00186249 themselves convinced atheists which was
+Oj46Lava2nI-00754-00186250-00186444 a five-fold increase from the last time
+Oj46Lava2nI-00755-00186445-00186708 the survey was taken in 2005 and 5
+Oj46Lava2nI-00756-00186709-00186900 percent said they did not know or else
+Oj46Lava2nI-00757-00186901-00187233 did not respond a 2012 Pew Research
+Oj46Lava2nI-00758-00187234-00187428 Center survey found that doubts about
+Oj46Lava2nI-00759-00187429-00187635 the existence of a God had grown among
+Oj46Lava2nI-00760-00187636-00187860 younger Americans with 68 percent
+Oj46Lava2nI-00761-00187861-00188007 telling pew they never doubt God's
+Oj46Lava2nI-00762-00188008-00188292 existence a 15 point drop in 5 years
+Oj46Lava2nI-00763-00188293-00188646 in 2007 83 percent of American
+Oj46Lava2nI-00764-00188647-00188790 Millennials said they never doubted
+Oj46Lava2nI-00765-00188791-00189185 God's existence a 2011 Gallup poll found
+Oj46Lava2nI-00766-00189186-00189483 92% of Americans said yes to the basic
+Oj46Lava2nI-00767-00189484-00189801 question do you believe in God while 7
+Oj46Lava2nI-00768-00189802-00190023 percent said no and 1 percent had no
+Oj46Lava2nI-00769-00190024-00190071 opinion
+Oj46Lava2nI-00770-00190072-00190425 a 2010 Gallup poll found 80 percent of
+Oj46Lava2nI-00771-00190426-00190662 Americans believe in a god 12 percent
+Oj46Lava2nI-00772-00190663-00190899 believe in a universal spirit 6 percent
+Oj46Lava2nI-00773-00190900-00191100 don't believe in either 1 percent chose
+Oj46Lava2nI-00774-00191101-00191463 other and 1 percent had no opinion 80
+Oj46Lava2nI-00775-00191464-00191718 percent as a decrease from the 1940s
+Oj46Lava2nI-00776-00191719-00191954 when Gallup first asked this question a
+Oj46Lava2nI-00777-00191955-00192441 late 2009 online Harris Poll of 2,300 3
+Oj46Lava2nI-00778-00192442-00192768 US adults 18 and older found that 82
+Oj46Lava2nI-00779-00192769-00193005 percent of adult Americans believe in
+Oj46Lava2nI-00780-00193006-00193275 God the same number as in to earlier
+Oj46Lava2nI-00781-00193276-00193722 polls in 2005 in 2007 another 9 percent
+Oj46Lava2nI-00782-00193723-00193923 said they did not believe in God and 9
+Oj46Lava2nI-00783-00193924-00194166 percent said that they were not sure it
+Oj46Lava2nI-00784-00194167-00194460 further concluded large majorities also
+Oj46Lava2nI-00785-00194461-00194844 believe in miracles 76 percent heaven 75
+Oj46Lava2nI-00786-00194845-00195096 percent that Jesus is God or the Son of
+Oj46Lava2nI-00787-00195097-00195534 God 73 percent in angels 72 percent the
+Oj46Lava2nI-00788-00195535-00195801 survival of the soul after death 71
+Oj46Lava2nI-00789-00195802-00196007 percent and in the resurrection of Jesus
+Oj46Lava2nI-00790-00196008-00196461 70 percent less than half 45 percent of
+Oj46Lava2nI-00791-00196462-00196674 adults believe in Darwin's theory of
+Oj46Lava2nI-00792-00196675-00196732 evolution
+Oj46Lava2nI-00793-00196733-00196978 but this is more than the 40% who
+Oj46Lava2nI-00794-00196979-00197240 believe in creationism
+Oj46Lava2nI-00795-00197241-00197441 many people consider themselves
+Oj46Lava2nI-00796-00197442-00197714 Christians without necessarily believing
+Oj46Lava2nI-00797-00197715-00197858 in some of the key beliefs of
+Oj46Lava2nI-00798-00197859-00198209 Christianity however this is not true of
+Oj46Lava2nI-00799-00198210-00198470 born-again Christians in addition to
+Oj46Lava2nI-00800-00198471-00198713 their religious beliefs large minorities
+Oj46Lava2nI-00801-00198714-00199042 of adults including many Christians have
+Oj46Lava2nI-00802-00199043-00199331 pagan or pre-christian beliefs such as a
+Oj46Lava2nI-00803-00199332-00199586 belief in ghosts astrology witches in
+Oj46Lava2nI-00804-00199587-00199775 reincarnation
+Oj46Lava2nI-00805-00199776-00200006 because the sample is based on those who
+Oj46Lava2nI-00806-00200007-00200177 agreed to participate in the Harris
+Oj46Lava2nI-00807-00200178-00200372 Interactive panel no estimates of
+Oj46Lava2nI-00808-00200373-00200543 theoretical sampling error can be
+Oj46Lava2nI-00809-00200544-00200969 calculated a 2008 survey of 1,000 people
+Oj46Lava2nI-00810-00200970-00201128 concluded that based on their stated
+Oj46Lava2nI-00811-00201129-00201293 beliefs rather than their religious
+Oj46Lava2nI-00812-00201294-00201521 identification sixty nine point five
+Oj46Lava2nI-00813-00201522-00201704 percent of Americans believe in a
+Oj46Lava2nI-00814-00201705-00201905 personal God roughly twelve point three
+Oj46Lava2nI-00815-00201906-00202124 percent of Americans are atheist or
+Oj46Lava2nI-00816-00202125-00202319 agnostic and another twelve point one
+Oj46Lava2nI-00817-00202320-00202517 percent are Deus tic believing in a
+Oj46Lava2nI-00818-00202518-00202742 higher power non personal God but no
+Oj46Lava2nI-00819-00202743-00203045 personal God mark shaves a Duke
+Oj46Lava2nI-00820-00203046-00203236 University professor of sociology
+Oj46Lava2nI-00821-00203237-00203510 religion and divinity found that 92
+Oj46Lava2nI-00822-00203511-00203729 percent of Americans believed in God in
+Oj46Lava2nI-00823-00203730-00203945 2008 but that significantly fewer
+Oj46Lava2nI-00824-00203946-00204146 Americans have great confidence in their
+Oj46Lava2nI-00825-00204147-00204400 religious leaders than a generation ago
+Oj46Lava2nI-00826-00204401-00204746 according to a 2008 rs survey belief in
+Oj46Lava2nI-00827-00204747-00205037 God varies considerably by region the
+Oj46Lava2nI-00828-00205038-00205253 lowest rate is in the West with 59%
+Oj46Lava2nI-00829-00205254-00205475 reporting a belief in God and the
+Oj46Lava2nI-00830-00205476-00205990 highest rate is in the south at 86%
+Oj46Lava2nI-00831-00205991-00206450 topic spiritual but not religious
+Oj46Lava2nI-00832-00206451-00206636 you
+Oj46Lava2nI-00833-00206637-00207033 spiritual but not religious s B&R is
+Oj46Lava2nI-00834-00207034-00207250 self-identified stance of spirituality
+Oj46Lava2nI-00835-00207251-00207448 that takes issue with organized religion
+Oj46Lava2nI-00836-00207448-00207694 as the sole or most valuable means of
+Oj46Lava2nI-00837-00207694-00208002 furthering spiritual growth spirituality
+Oj46Lava2nI-00838-00208003-00208188 places an emphasis upon the well-being
+Oj46Lava2nI-00839-00208189-00208515 of the mind/body/spirit so holistic
+Oj46Lava2nI-00840-00208516-00208744 activities such as Tai Chi Reiki and
+Oj46Lava2nI-00841-00208744-00208956 yoga are common within the SBN our
+Oj46Lava2nI-00842-00208957-00209169 movement in contrast to religion
+Oj46Lava2nI-00843-00209171-00209466 spirituality has often been associated
+Oj46Lava2nI-00844-00209467-00209652 with the interior life of the individual
+Oj46Lava2nI-00845-00209653-00209871 one fifth of the US public and a third
+Oj46Lava2nI-00846-00209873-00210037 of adults under the age of 30 are
+Oj46Lava2nI-00847-00210038-00210207 reportedly unaffiliated with any
+Oj46Lava2nI-00848-00210208-00210435 religion however they identify as being
+Oj46Lava2nI-00849-00210436-00210673 spiritual in some way of these
+Oj46Lava2nI-00850-00210673-00210996 religiously unaffiliated Americans 37%
+Oj46Lava2nI-00851-00210998-00211209 classified themselves as spiritual but
+Oj46Lava2nI-00852-00211210-00211592 not religious
+Oj46Lava2nI-00853-00211594-00212081 topic others
+Oj46Lava2nI-00854-00212082-00212646 topic Native American religions
+Oj46Lava2nI-00855-00212648-00212905 Native American religions historically
+Oj46Lava2nI-00856-00212906-00213106 exhibited much diversity and are often
+Oj46Lava2nI-00857-00213107-00213342 characterized by animism or panentheism
+Oj46Lava2nI-00858-00213342-00213594 the membership of Native American
+Oj46Lava2nI-00859-00213596-00213856 religions in the 21st century comprises
+Oj46Lava2nI-00860-00213857-00214329 about 9000 people
+Oj46Lava2nI-00861-00214330-00214798 topic neo-paganism
+Oj46Lava2nI-00862-00214798-00215036 neo-paganism in the United States is
+Oj46Lava2nI-00863-00215037-00215204 represented by widely different
+Oj46Lava2nI-00864-00215205-00215492 movements and organizations the largest
+Oj46Lava2nI-00865-00215492-00215711 neo-pagan religion is Wicca followed by
+Oj46Lava2nI-00866-00215712-00215978 neo Druidism other neo-pagan movements
+Oj46Lava2nI-00867-00215979-00216212 include Germanic neo-paganism Celtic
+Oj46Lava2nI-00868-00216213-00216416 reconstructionist paganism Hellenic
+Oj46Lava2nI-00869-00216417-00216614 polytheistic Reconstructionism and
+Oj46Lava2nI-00870-00216615-00217041 Semitic neo-paganism
+Oj46Lava2nI-00871-00217042-00217466 topic Druidry
+Oj46Lava2nI-00872-00217467-00217667 according to the American religious
+Oj46Lava2nI-00873-00217667-00217796 identification survey
+Oj46Lava2nI-00874-00217796-00218039 Aris there are approximately 30,000
+Oj46Lava2nI-00875-00218040-00218201 druids in the United States
+Oj46Lava2nI-00876-00218202-00218498 modern Druidism arrived in North America
+Oj46Lava2nI-00877-00218498-00218705 first in the form of fraternal druidic
+Oj46Lava2nI-00878-00218706-00218927 organizations in the 19th century and
+Oj46Lava2nI-00879-00218928-00219092 orders such as the ancient order of
+Oj46Lava2nI-00880-00219092-00219275 druids in America were founded as
+Oj46Lava2nI-00881-00219276-00219467 distinct American groups as early as
+Oj46Lava2nI-00882-00219467-00219896 1912 in 1963 the reformed druids of
+Oj46Lava2nI-00883-00219896-00220163 north america our DNA was founded by
+Oj46Lava2nI-00884-00220164-00220376 students at Carleton College Northfield
+Oj46Lava2nI-00885-00220377-00220648 Minnesota they adopted elements of
+Oj46Lava2nI-00886-00220650-00220859 neo-paganism into their practices for
+Oj46Lava2nI-00887-00220860-00221039 instance celebrating the festivals of
+Oj46Lava2nI-00888-00221040-00221375 the wheel of the year
+Oj46Lava2nI-00889-00221376-00221663 topic Wicca
+Oj46Lava2nI-00890-00221664-00221821 you
+Oj46Lava2nI-00891-00221821-00222063 whicka advanced in North America in the
+Oj46Lava2nI-00892-00222064-00222355 1960s by Raymond Buckland an expatriate
+Oj46Lava2nI-00893-00222356-00222565 Briton who visited Gardner's Isle of Man
+Oj46Lava2nI-00894-00222566-00222850 coven to gain initiation Universal
+Oj46Lava2nI-00895-00222851-00223162 eclectic Wicca was popularized in 1969
+Oj46Lava2nI-00896-00223163-00223359 for a diverse membership drawing from
+Oj46Lava2nI-00897-00223360-00223555 both Dee anak and British traditional
+Oj46Lava2nI-00898-00223556-00223803 Wiccan backgrounds more dick paganism
+Oj46Lava2nI-00899-00223804-00224067 Nordic paganism is the umbrella term for
+Oj46Lava2nI-00900-00224069-00224278 polytheistic followers of the protein
+Oj46Lava2nI-00901-00224279-00224460 ores period religions involving the
+Oj46Lava2nI-00902-00224461-00224619 Nordic pantheon of gods
+Oj46Lava2nI-00903-00224621-00224905 this Pantheon includes the S er Odin
+Oj46Lava2nI-00904-00224906-00225244 Thor Loki SIF Heimdall lr Balder and
+Oj46Lava2nI-00905-00225244-00225430 tiered to name a few and the venire
+Oj46Lava2nI-00906-00225431-00225676 Freya Freya your nervous
+Oj46Lava2nI-00907-00225677-00225919 and others the followers of Nordic
+Oj46Lava2nI-00908-00225919-00226156 paganism include Odin ists ty rest's
+Oj46Lava2nI-00909-00226157-00226408 loki ins Asatru and practitioners of
+Oj46Lava2nI-00910-00226409-00226619 Seir among other varying followers
+Oj46Lava2nI-00911-00226621-00226869 nordic pagans follow the teachings of
+Oj46Lava2nI-00912-00226871-00227104 the have em all this old text along with
+Oj46Lava2nI-00913-00227105-00227317 the prose edda and poetic edda gives the
+Oj46Lava2nI-00914-00227317-00227533 basis for Norse mythology stories
+Oj46Lava2nI-00915-00227534-00227842 legends and beliefs in popular culture
+Oj46Lava2nI-00916-00227842-00228157 Norse mythology is well known fairy tale
+Oj46Lava2nI-00917-00228158-00228430 creatures such as elves dwarves Giants
+Oj46Lava2nI-00918-00228431-00228635 and trolls all come from Norse mythology
+Oj46Lava2nI-00919-00228636-00228916 these can be seen in famous works such
+Oj46Lava2nI-00920-00228917-00229237 as JRR Tolkien's Lord of the Rings this
+Oj46Lava2nI-00921-00229238-00229402 is one of the earlier works to bring
+Oj46Lava2nI-00922-00229403-00229683 Norse concepts to life comic book
+Oj46Lava2nI-00923-00229684-00229894 producer Marvel Comics has taken a
+Oj46Lava2nI-00924-00229894-00230094 different approach making Thor a modern
+Oj46Lava2nI-00925-00230096-00230362 superhero and Loki a villain these
+Oj46Lava2nI-00926-00230363-00230569 comics have spawned several movies and
+Oj46Lava2nI-00927-00230569-00230784 toys Norse mythology and the
+Oj46Lava2nI-00928-00230785-00230989 Scandinavian Germanic lifestyle were
+Oj46Lava2nI-00929-00230990-00231166 looked at more in-depth than ever before
+Oj46Lava2nI-00930-00231167-00231378 with the popular TV series Vikings
+Oj46Lava2nI-00931-00231379-00231646 though not perfect on accuracy it is
+Oj46Lava2nI-00932-00231646-00231832 very close to how these people would
+Oj46Lava2nI-00933-00231833-00232015 have lived and worshiped in the 1st and
+Oj46Lava2nI-00934-00232016-00232303 2nd centuries there is also a more
+Oj46Lava2nI-00935-00232304-00232465 negative light to Nordic paganism
+Oj46Lava2nI-00936-00232466-00232756 popularity many white supremacy groups
+Oj46Lava2nI-00937-00232757-00232981 including the Aryan Brotherhood sons of
+Oj46Lava2nI-00938-00232982-00233182 Odin and the Nazis all used Nordic
+Oj46Lava2nI-00939-00233183-00233377 symbols and expressed Norse teachings in
+Oj46Lava2nI-00940-00233378-00233551 a skewed manner to support their beliefs
+Oj46Lava2nI-00941-00233552-00233757 that white men are the superior race and
+Oj46Lava2nI-00942-00233758-00234057 gender of the world Nazis famously used
+Oj46Lava2nI-00943-00234058-00234279 the symbol swallow for their SS pins
+Oj46Lava2nI-00944-00234280-00234544 their use of symbols such as these were
+Oj46Lava2nI-00945-00234544-00234841 originally tied to Guido von lists the
+Oj46Lava2nI-00946-00234842-00235054 Aryan Brotherhood and soldiers of Odin
+Oj46Lava2nI-00947-00235055-00235183 used the hammer of Thor
+Oj46Lava2nI-00948-00235184-00235411 y'all near in the symbol Odle rune which
+Oj46Lava2nI-00949-00235412-00235588 they used to represent Odin to mark
+Oj46Lava2nI-00950-00235589-00235837 themselves as part of the gang this has
+Oj46Lava2nI-00951-00235838-00235996 led to many prisons banning the wearing
+Oj46Lava2nI-00952-00235996-00236215 of Mjolnir by inmates due to their gang
+Oj46Lava2nI-00953-00236216-00236554 affiliation
+Oj46Lava2nI-00954-00236555-00237081 topic new thought movement
+Oj46Lava2nI-00955-00237082-00237315 a group of churches which started in the
+Oj46Lava2nI-00956-00237316-00237540 1830s in the United States as known
+Oj46Lava2nI-00957-00237541-00237810 under the banner of new thought these
+Oj46Lava2nI-00958-00237811-00238023 churches share a spiritual metaphysical
+Oj46Lava2nI-00959-00238023-00238227 and mystical predisposition and
+Oj46Lava2nI-00960-00238228-00238394 understanding of the Bible and were
+Oj46Lava2nI-00961-00238396-00238527 strongly influenced by the
+Oj46Lava2nI-00962-00238528-00238742 transcendentalist movement particularly
+Oj46Lava2nI-00963-00238744-00239019 the work of Ralph Waldo Emerson another
+Oj46Lava2nI-00964-00239019-00239178 antecedent of this movement was
+Oj46Lava2nI-00965-00239179-00239394 swedenborgianism founded on the writings
+Oj46Lava2nI-00966-00239394-00239655 of Emanuel Swedenborg in 1787
+Oj46Lava2nI-00967-00239656-00239898 the new thought concept was named by
+Oj46Lava2nI-00968-00239898-00240137 Emma Curtis Hopkins teacher of teachers
+Oj46Lava2nI-00969-00240138-00240441 after Hopkins broke off from Mary Baker
+Oj46Lava2nI-00970-00240442-00240732 Eddy's Church of Christ Scientist the
+Oj46Lava2nI-00971-00240733-00240896 movement had been previously known as
+Oj46Lava2nI-00972-00240898-00241092 the mental sciences or the Christian
+Oj46Lava2nI-00973-00241092-00241371 sciences the three major branches are
+Oj46Lava2nI-00974-00241371-00241571 religious science unity church and
+Oj46Lava2nI-00975-00241573-00241929 divine science
+Oj46Lava2nI-00976-00241930-00242526 topic Unitarian Universalism
+Oj46Lava2nI-00977-00242527-00242791 Unitarian Universalists you use are
+Oj46Lava2nI-00978-00242792-00242983 among the most liberal of all religious
+Oj46Lava2nI-00979-00242984-00243244 denominations in America the shared
+Oj46Lava2nI-00980-00243244-00243435 Creed includes beliefs in inherent
+Oj46Lava2nI-00981-00243436-00243621 dignity a common search for truth
+Oj46Lava2nI-00982-00243623-00243856 respect for beliefs of others compassion
+Oj46Lava2nI-00983-00243857-00244110 and social action they are unified by
+Oj46Lava2nI-00984-00244111-00244306 their shared search for spiritual growth
+Oj46Lava2nI-00985-00244307-00244473 and by the understanding that an
+Oj46Lava2nI-00986-00244475-00244678 individual's theology as a result of
+Oj46Lava2nI-00987-00244679-00244840 that search and not obedience to an
+Oj46Lava2nI-00988-00244841-00245125 authoritarian requirement you use have
+Oj46Lava2nI-00989-00245126-00245362 historical ties to anti-war civil rights
+Oj46Lava2nI-00990-00245363-00245626 and LGBT rights movements as well as
+Oj46Lava2nI-00991-00245627-00245851 providing inclusive church services for
+Oj46Lava2nI-00992-00245852-00246037 the broad spectrum of liberal Christians
+Oj46Lava2nI-00993-00246038-00246355 liberal Jews secular humanists LGBT
+Oj46Lava2nI-00994-00246356-00246550 Jewish Christian parents and partners
+Oj46Lava2nI-00995-00246551-00246751 earth-centered Wicca and Buddhist
+Oj46Lava2nI-00996-00246752-00247173 meditation adherents
+Oj46Lava2nI-00997-00247173-00247482 topic major religious movements founded
+Oj46Lava2nI-00998-00247483-00247927 in the United States
+Oj46Lava2nI-00999-00247928-00248435 topic Christian
+Oj46Lava2nI-01000-00248436-00248676 Pentecostalism movement which emphasizes
+Oj46Lava2nI-01001-00248677-00248890 the role of the holy spirit finds its
+Oj46Lava2nI-01002-00248891-00249045 historic roots in the Azusa Street
+Oj46Lava2nI-01003-00249046-00249426 revival in Los Angeles from 1904 to 1906
+Oj46Lava2nI-01004-00249427-00249684 sparked by Charles Parham it is
+Oj46Lava2nI-01005-00249685-00249957 estimated to have over 279 million
+Oj46Lava2nI-01006-00249958-00250209 followers worldwide many in Africa and
+Oj46Lava2nI-01007-00250210-00250370 South America
+Oj46Lava2nI-01008-00250371-00250542 adventism began as an
+Oj46Lava2nI-01009-00250543-00250770 interdenominational movement its most
+Oj46Lava2nI-01010-00250771-00250971 vocal leader was William Miller who in
+Oj46Lava2nI-01011-00250972-00251205 the 1830s in New York became convinced
+Oj46Lava2nI-01012-00251206-00251382 of an imminent second coming of Jesus
+Oj46Lava2nI-01013-00251383-00251643 the most prominent modern group to
+Oj46Lava2nI-01014-00251644-00251808 emerge from this as the Seventh day
+Oj46Lava2nI-01015-00251809-00252099 Adventists the Latter day Saint movement
+Oj46Lava2nI-01016-00252100-00252388 founded in 1830 by Joseph Smith in
+Oj46Lava2nI-01017-00252389-00252567 upstate New York a product of the
+Oj46Lava2nI-01018-00252568-00252741 Christian revivalist movement of the
+Oj46Lava2nI-01019-00252742-00252918 Second Great Awakening and based in
+Oj46Lava2nI-01020-00252919-00253152 Christian primitivism multiple
+Oj46Lava2nI-01021-00253153-00253350 latter-day Saint denominations can be
+Oj46Lava2nI-01022-00253351-00253602 found throughout the United States the
+Oj46Lava2nI-01023-00253603-00253782 Church of Jesus Christ of latter-day
+Oj46Lava2nI-01024-00253783-00253983 saints LDS Church the largest
+Oj46Lava2nI-01025-00253984-00254220 denomination is headquartered in Salt
+Oj46Lava2nI-01026-00254221-00254424 Lake City Utah and it has members in
+Oj46Lava2nI-01027-00254425-00254691 many countries the community of Christ
+Oj46Lava2nI-01028-00254692-00254895 the second largest denomination is
+Oj46Lava2nI-01029-00254896-00255119 headquartered in Independence Missouri
+Oj46Lava2nI-01030-00255120-00255375 worldwide they claim about 15 million
+Oj46Lava2nI-01031-00255376-00255723 members Jehovah's Witnesses originated
+Oj46Lava2nI-01032-00255724-00255867 with the religious movement known as
+Oj46Lava2nI-01033-00255868-00256063 Bible students which was founded in
+Oj46Lava2nI-01034-00256064-00256299 Pennsylvania in the late 1870s by
+Oj46Lava2nI-01035-00256300-00256545 Charles taze Russell in their early
+Oj46Lava2nI-01036-00256546-00256734 years the Bible students were loosely
+Oj46Lava2nI-01037-00256735-00256902 connected with Adventism and the
+Oj46Lava2nI-01038-00256903-00257079 Jehovah's Witnesses still share some
+Oj46Lava2nI-01039-00257080-00257316 similarities with it they claim about
+Oj46Lava2nI-01040-00257317-00257529 seven point six nine million active
+Oj46Lava2nI-01041-00257530-00257826 members worldwide Christian Science
+Oj46Lava2nI-01042-00257827-00258033 founded by Mary Baker Eddy in the late
+Oj46Lava2nI-01043-00258034-00258345 19th century the church claims some four
+Oj46Lava2nI-01044-00258346-00258569 hundred thousand members worldwide
+Oj46Lava2nI-01045-00258570-00258849 Churches of Christ disciples of Christ a
+Oj46Lava2nI-01046-00258850-00259041 Restoration movement with no governing
+Oj46Lava2nI-01047-00259042-00259344 body the restoration movement solidified
+Oj46Lava2nI-01048-00259345-00259650 as a historical phenomenon in 1832 when
+Oj46Lava2nI-01049-00259651-00259866 restorationist sfrom two major movements
+Oj46Lava2nI-01050-00259867-00260067 championed by Barton W stone and
+Oj46Lava2nI-01051-00260068-00260328 Alexander Campbell merged it has an
+Oj46Lava2nI-01052-00260329-00260496 estimated three million followers
+Oj46Lava2nI-01053-00260497-00260835 worldwide Metropolitan Community Church
+Oj46Lava2nI-01054-00260836-00261072 founded by Troy Perry in Los Angeles
+Oj46Lava2nI-01055-00261073-00261480 1968 Unitarianism developed out of the
+Oj46Lava2nI-01056-00261481-00261808 Congregational churches in 1825 the
+Oj46Lava2nI-01057-00261809-00262012 American Unitarian Association was
+Oj46Lava2nI-01058-00262013-00262275 formed in Boston Massachusetts
+Oj46Lava2nI-01059-00262276-00262498 Universalist Church of America's first
+Oj46Lava2nI-01060-00262499-00263073 regional conference was founded in 1793
+Oj46Lava2nI-01061-00263074-00263532 topic other
+Oj46Lava2nI-01062-00263533-00263754 new thought movement two of the early
+Oj46Lava2nI-01063-00263755-00263943 proponents of New Thought beliefs during
+Oj46Lava2nI-01064-00263944-00264129 the mid to late 19th century were
+Oj46Lava2nI-01065-00264130-00264321 Phineas Parkhurst Quimby and the mother
+Oj46Lava2nI-01066-00264322-00264600 of new thought Emma Curtis Hopkins the
+Oj46Lava2nI-01067-00264601-00264783 three major branches are religious
+Oj46Lava2nI-01068-00264784-00265109 science unity church in divine science
+Oj46Lava2nI-01069-00265110-00265385 Scientology founded by l ron Hubbard in
+Oj46Lava2nI-01070-00265386-00265722 1954 numbers estimated from a few tens
+Oj46Lava2nI-01071-00265723-00265959 of thousands to 15 million latter as the
+Oj46Lava2nI-01072-00265960-00266279 religions estimation in 2004
+Oj46Lava2nI-01073-00266280-00266496 Reconstructionist Judaism founded by
+Oj46Lava2nI-01074-00266497-00266813 Mordecai Kaplan and started in the 1920s
+Oj46Lava2nI-01075-00266814-00267096 Native American church founded by Quanah
+Oj46Lava2nI-01076-00267097-00267318 Parker beginning in the 1890s and
+Oj46Lava2nI-01077-00267319-00267680 incorporating in 1918 an estimated
+Oj46Lava2nI-01078-00267681-00268098 250,000 followers Nation of Islam a sect
+Oj46Lava2nI-01079-00268099-00268275 of Islam created and followed
+Oj46Lava2nI-01080-00268276-00268508 predominantly by African Americans
+Oj46Lava2nI-01081-00268509-00268815 Church of Satan founded in San Francisco
+Oj46Lava2nI-01082-00268816-00269271 in 1966 by Anton LaVey Henker founded in
+Oj46Lava2nI-01083-00269272-00269693 las vegas in 1965 by Paul Twitchell
+Oj46Lava2nI-01084-00269694-00269907 self-realization fellowship founded in
+Oj46Lava2nI-01085-00269908-00270159 Los Angeles by Paramahansa Yogananda in
+Oj46Lava2nI-01086-00270160-00270540 1920 Unitarian Universalist Association
+Oj46Lava2nI-01087-00270541-00270861 in 1961 from the consolidation of the
+Oj46Lava2nI-01088-00270862-00271098 American Unitarian Association and the
+Oj46Lava2nI-01089-00271099-00271301 Universalist Church of America
+Oj46Lava2nI-01090-00271302-00271566 historically Christian denominations the
+Oj46Lava2nI-01091-00271567-00271779 UUA is no longer Christian and as the
+Oj46Lava2nI-01092-00271780-00271965 largest Unitarian Universalist
+Oj46Lava2nI-01093-00271966-00272396 denomination in the world
+Oj46Lava2nI-01094-00272397-00272953 topic government positions
+Oj46Lava2nI-01095-00272954-00273199 the First Amendment guarantees both the
+Oj46Lava2nI-01096-00273200-00273376 free practice of religion and the non
+Oj46Lava2nI-01097-00273377-00273589 establishment of religion by the federal
+Oj46Lava2nI-01098-00273590-00273766 government later Court decisions have
+Oj46Lava2nI-01099-00273767-00273966 extended that prohibition to the states
+Oj46Lava2nI-01100-00273967-00274216 the u.s. Pledge of Allegiance was
+Oj46Lava2nI-01101-00274217-00274510 modified in 1954 to add the phrase under
+Oj46Lava2nI-01102-00274511-00274822 God in order to distinguish itself from
+Oj46Lava2nI-01103-00274823-00275056 the state atheism espoused by the Soviet
+Oj46Lava2nI-01104-00275057-00275257 Union various American presidents have
+Oj46Lava2nI-01105-00275258-00275458 often stated the importance of religion
+Oj46Lava2nI-01106-00275459-00275884 On February 20th 1955 president dwight d
+Oj46Lava2nI-01107-00275885-00276133 eisenhower stated that recognition of
+Oj46Lava2nI-01108-00276134-00276373 the supreme being is the first the most
+Oj46Lava2nI-01109-00276374-00276660 basic expression of Americanism
+Oj46Lava2nI-01110-00276661-00276910 President Gerald Ford agreed with and
+Oj46Lava2nI-01111-00276911-00277531 repeated this statement in 1974
+Oj46Lava2nI-01112-00277532-00278026 topic statistics
+Oj46Lava2nI-01113-00278027-00278321 see also list of u.s. states and
+Oj46Lava2nI-01114-00278322-00278681 territories by religiosity the US census
+Oj46Lava2nI-01115-00278682-00278937 does not ask about religion various
+Oj46Lava2nI-01116-00278938-00279110 groups have conducted surveys to
+Oj46Lava2nI-01117-00279111-00279308 determine approximate percentages of
+Oj46Lava2nI-01118-00279309-00279476 those affiliated with each religious
+Oj46Lava2nI-01119-00279477-00279778 group
+Oj46Lava2nI-01120-00279779-00280434 topic 2016 Gallup Inc data
+Oj46Lava2nI-01121-00280435-00280740 Galip carries out since 2008 the gallop
+Oj46Lava2nI-01122-00280741-00280956 daily tracking survey an unprecedented
+Oj46Lava2nI-01123-00280957-00281307 survey of 1,000 US adults each day 350
+Oj46Lava2nI-01124-00281308-00281415 days per year
+Oj46Lava2nI-01125-00281416-00281688 it covers political economic well-being
+Oj46Lava2nI-01126-00281689-00281949 and demographic topics data is weighted
+Oj46Lava2nI-01127-00281950-00282150 to match the US population according to
+Oj46Lava2nI-01128-00282151-00282378 gender age race Hispanic ethnicity
+Oj46Lava2nI-01129-00282379-00282711 education region population density and
+Oj46Lava2nI-01130-00282712-00282906 phone status in order to correct data
+Oj46Lava2nI-01131-00282907-00283430 for unequal selection probability
+Oj46Lava2nI-01132-00283431-00283694 topic 2016 Public Religion Research
+Oj46Lava2nI-01133-00283695-00284139 Institute data
+Oj46Lava2nI-01134-00284140-00284439 in 2016 a poll by the Public Religion
+Oj46Lava2nI-01135-00284440-00284709 Research Institute estimated that 69
+Oj46Lava2nI-01136-00284710-00284901 percent of the Americans are Christians
+Oj46Lava2nI-01137-00284902-00285159 with 45% professing attendance at a
+Oj46Lava2nI-01138-00285160-00285327 variety of churches that could be
+Oj46Lava2nI-01139-00285328-00285588 considered Protestant and 20% professing
+Oj46Lava2nI-01140-00285589-00285864 Catholic beliefs the same study says
+Oj46Lava2nI-01141-00285865-00286035 that other non-christian religions
+Oj46Lava2nI-01142-00286036-00286299 including Judaism Buddhism Hinduism and
+Oj46Lava2nI-01143-00286300-00286533 Islam collectively make up about 7
+Oj46Lava2nI-01144-00286534-00286986 percent of the population
+Oj46Lava2nI-01145-00286987-00287599 topic 2014 Pew Research Center data
+Oj46Lava2nI-01146-00287600-00288081 topic attendance
+Oj46Lava2nI-01147-00288082-00288408 a 2013 survey reported that 31 percent
+Oj46Lava2nI-01148-00288409-00288594 of Americans attend religious services
+Oj46Lava2nI-01149-00288595-00288903 at least weekly it was conducted by the
+Oj46Lava2nI-01150-00288904-00289122 Public Religion Research Institute with
+Oj46Lava2nI-01151-00289123-00289492 a margin of error of 2.5 i n 2006 an
+Oj46Lava2nI-01152-00289493-00289707 online Harris Poll they stated that the
+Oj46Lava2nI-01153-00289708-00289932 magnitude of errors cannot be estimated
+Oj46Lava2nI-01154-00289933-00290202 due to sampling errors non-response etc
+Oj46Lava2nI-01155-00290203-00290494 2010 US adults were surveyed found that
+Oj46Lava2nI-01156-00290495-00290713 26 percent of those surveyed attended
+Oj46Lava2nI-01157-00290714-00290952 religious services every week or more
+Oj46Lava2nI-01158-00290953-00291282 often nine percent went once or twice a
+Oj46Lava2nI-01159-00291283-00291353 month
+Oj46Lava2nI-01160-00291354-00291780 21 percent went a few times a year 3
+Oj46Lava2nI-01161-00291781-00291998 percent went once a year
+Oj46Lava2nI-01162-00291999-00292323 22% went less than once a year
+Oj46Lava2nI-01163-00292324-00292608 an 18 percent never attend religious
+Oj46Lava2nI-01164-00292609-00293001 services in a 2009 Gallup international
+Oj46Lava2nI-01165-00293002-00293229 survey forty one point six percent of
+Oj46Lava2nI-01166-00293230-00293392 American citizens said that they
+Oj46Lava2nI-01167-00293393-00293569 attended a church synagogue or mosque
+Oj46Lava2nI-01168-00293570-00293883 once a week or almost every week this
+Oj46Lava2nI-01169-00293884-00294078 percentage is higher than other surveyed
+Oj46Lava2nI-01170-00294079-00294273 Western countries church attendance
+Oj46Lava2nI-01171-00294274-00294531 varies considerably by state and region
+Oj46Lava2nI-01172-00294532-00294846 the figures updated to 2014 ranged from
+Oj46Lava2nI-01173-00294847-00295138 51 percent in Utah to 17 percent in
+Oj46Lava2nI-01174-00295139-00295520 Vermont
+Oj46Lava2nI-01175-00295521-00295952 Topic territories
+Oj46Lava2nI-01176-00295953-00296156 the following is the percentage of
+Oj46Lava2nI-01177-00296157-00296348 Christians and all religions in the US
+Oj46Lava2nI-01178-00296349-00296875 territories as of 2010
+Oj46Lava2nI-01179-00296876-00297448 topic religion and politics
+Oj46Lava2nI-01180-00297449-00297856 in August 2010 67% of Americans said
+Oj46Lava2nI-01181-00297857-00298060 religion was losing influence compared
+Oj46Lava2nI-01182-00298061-00298392 with 59% who said this in 2006
+Oj46Lava2nI-01183-00298393-00298618 majorities of white evangelical
+Oj46Lava2nI-01184-00298619-00298876 Protestants 79 percent white mainline
+Oj46Lava2nI-01185-00298877-00299173 Protestants 67 percent black Protestants
+Oj46Lava2nI-01186-00299174-00299497 56 percent Catholics 71% and the
+Oj46Lava2nI-01187-00299498-00299776 religiously unaffiliated 62 percent all
+Oj46Lava2nI-01188-00299777-00299935 agreed that religion was losing
+Oj46Lava2nI-01189-00299936-00300205 influence on American life 53 percent of
+Oj46Lava2nI-01190-00300206-00300385 the total public said this was a bad
+Oj46Lava2nI-01191-00300386-00300583 thing while just 10 percent see it as a
+Oj46Lava2nI-01192-00300584-00300853 good thing politicians frequently
+Oj46Lava2nI-01193-00300854-00301030 discuss their religion when campaigning
+Oj46Lava2nI-01194-00301031-00301201 and fundamentalists and black
+Oj46Lava2nI-01195-00301202-00301369 Protestants are highly politically
+Oj46Lava2nI-01196-00301370-00301645 active however to keep their status as
+Oj46Lava2nI-01197-00301646-00301860 tax-exempt organizations they must not
+Oj46Lava2nI-01198-00301861-00302060 officially endorse a candidate
+Oj46Lava2nI-01199-00302061-00302284 historically Catholics were heavily
+Oj46Lava2nI-01200-00302285-00302518 Democratic before the 1970s while
+Oj46Lava2nI-01201-00302519-00302722 mainline Protestants comprised the core
+Oj46Lava2nI-01202-00302723-00302971 of the Republican Party those patterns
+Oj46Lava2nI-01203-00302972-00303241 have faded away Catholics for example
+Oj46Lava2nI-01204-00303242-00303580 now split about 50 to 50 however white
+Oj46Lava2nI-01205-00303581-00303829 evangelicals since 1980 have made up a
+Oj46Lava2nI-01206-00303830-00304030 solidly Republican group that favors
+Oj46Lava2nI-01207-00304031-00304321 conservative candidates secular voters
+Oj46Lava2nI-01208-00304322-00304543 are increasingly democratic only three
+Oj46Lava2nI-01209-00304544-00304720 presidential candidates for major
+Oj46Lava2nI-01210-00304721-00304930 parties have been Catholics all for the
+Oj46Lava2nI-01211-00304931-00305073 Democratic Party
+Oj46Lava2nI-01212-00305074-00305365 Alfred E Smith in presidential election
+Oj46Lava2nI-01213-00305366-00305641 of 1928 was subjected to anti-catholic
+Oj46Lava2nI-01214-00305642-00305835 rhetoric which seriously hurt him in the
+Oj46Lava2nI-01215-00305836-00306034 Baptist areas of the south and Lutheran
+Oj46Lava2nI-01216-00306035-00306223 areas of the Midwest but he did well in
+Oj46Lava2nI-01217-00306224-00306412 the Catholic urban strongholds of the
+Oj46Lava2nI-01218-00306413-00306730 Northeast John F Kennedy secured the
+Oj46Lava2nI-01219-00306731-00306940 Democratic presidential nomination in
+Oj46Lava2nI-01220-00306941-00307315 1960 in the 1960 election Kennedy faced
+Oj46Lava2nI-01221-00307316-00307516 accusations that as a Catholic president
+Oj46Lava2nI-01222-00307517-00307696 he would do as the Pope would tell him
+Oj46Lava2nI-01223-00307697-00307921 to do a charge that Kennedy refuted in a
+Oj46Lava2nI-01224-00307922-00308163 famous address to Protestant ministers
+Oj46Lava2nI-01225-00308164-00308488 John Kerry a Catholic won the Democratic
+Oj46Lava2nI-01226-00308489-00308809 presidential nomination in 2004 in the
+Oj46Lava2nI-01227-00308810-00309073 2004 election religion was hardly an
+Oj46Lava2nI-01228-00309074-00309292 issue and most Catholics voted for his
+Oj46Lava2nI-01229-00309293-00309538 Protestant opponent George W Bush Joe
+Oj46Lava2nI-01230-00309539-00309715 Biden as the first Catholic vice
+Oj46Lava2nI-01231-00309716-00309909 president joe lieberman was the first
+Oj46Lava2nI-01232-00309910-00310117 major presidential candidate that was
+Oj46Lava2nI-01233-00310118-00310324 jewish on the gore lieberman campaign of
+Oj46Lava2nI-01234-00310325-00310537 2000 although john kerry and barry
+Oj46Lava2nI-01235-00310538-00310774 goldwater both had jewish ancestry they
+Oj46Lava2nI-01236-00310775-00310803 were
+Oj46Lava2nI-01237-00310804-00311076 practicing Christians Bernie Sanders ran
+Oj46Lava2nI-01238-00311077-00311217 against Hillary Clinton in the
+Oj46Lava2nI-01239-00311218-00311460 Democratic primary of 2016
+Oj46Lava2nI-01240-00311461-00311724 he was the first major Jewish candidate
+Oj46Lava2nI-01241-00311725-00311919 to compete in the presidential primary
+Oj46Lava2nI-01242-00311920-00312243 process however Sanders noted during the
+Oj46Lava2nI-01243-00312244-00312396 campaign that he does not actively
+Oj46Lava2nI-01244-00312397-00312669 practice any religion in 2006 Keith
+Oj46Lava2nI-01245-00312670-00312870 Ellison of Minnesota became the first
+Oj46Lava2nI-01246-00312871-00313053 Muslim elected to Congress when
+Oj46Lava2nI-01247-00313054-00313269 reenacting his swearing in for photos he
+Oj46Lava2nI-01248-00313270-00313470 used the copy of the Quran once owned by
+Oj46Lava2nI-01249-00313471-00313752 Thomas Jefferson Andre Carson as the
+Oj46Lava2nI-01250-00313753-00313997 second Muslim to serve in Congress a
+Oj46Lava2nI-01251-00313998-00314352 Gallup poll released in 2007 indicated
+Oj46Lava2nI-01252-00314353-00314610 that 53% of Americans would refuse to
+Oj46Lava2nI-01253-00314611-00314826 vote for an atheist as president up from
+Oj46Lava2nI-01254-00314827-00315279 48% in 1987 and 1999 but then the
+Oj46Lava2nI-01255-00315280-00315450 numbers started to dropped again and
+Oj46Lava2nI-01256-00315451-00315795 reached record low 43% in 2012 and 40%
+Oj46Lava2nI-01257-00315796-00316058 in 2015 Mitt Romney the Republican
+Oj46Lava2nI-01258-00316059-00316383 presidential nominee in 2012 is Mormon
+Oj46Lava2nI-01259-00316384-00316530 and a member of the Church of Jesus
+Oj46Lava2nI-01260-00316531-00316803 Christ of latter-day saints he is the
+Oj46Lava2nI-01261-00316804-00316950 former governor of the state of
+Oj46Lava2nI-01262-00316951-00317140 Massachusetts and his father George
+Oj46Lava2nI-01263-00317141-00317328 Romney was the governor of the state of
+Oj46Lava2nI-01264-00317329-00317580 Michigan the Romney's were involved in
+Oj46Lava2nI-01265-00317581-00317748 Mormonism in their states and in the
+Oj46Lava2nI-01266-00317749-00318180 state of Utah On January 3rd 2013 Tulsi
+Oj46Lava2nI-01267-00318181-00318381 Gabbard became the first Hindu member of
+Oj46Lava2nI-01268-00318382-00318552 Congress using a copy of the
+Oj46Lava2nI-01269-00318553-00319074 bhagavad-gita while swearing in
+Oj46Lava2nI-01270-00319075-00319588 topic 2010 r2 data
+Oj46Lava2nI-01271-00319589-00319795 the association of religion data
+Oj46Lava2nI-01272-00319796-00320074 archives arda surveyed congregations for
+Oj46Lava2nI-01273-00320075-00320320 their memberships churches were asked
+Oj46Lava2nI-01274-00320321-00320553 for their membership numbers adjustments
+Oj46Lava2nI-01275-00320554-00320727 were made for those congregations that
+Oj46Lava2nI-01276-00320728-00320934 did not respond and for religious groups
+Oj46Lava2nI-01277-00320935-00321142 that reported only adult membership
+Oj46Lava2nI-01278-00321143-00321412 Arta estimates that most of the churches
+Oj46Lava2nI-01279-00321413-00321600 not responding were black Protestant
+Oj46Lava2nI-01280-00321601-00321882 congregations significant difference in
+Oj46Lava2nI-01281-00321883-00322107 results from other databases include the
+Oj46Lava2nI-01282-00322108-00322318 lower representation of adherents of one
+Oj46Lava2nI-01283-00322319-00322774 all kinds 62.7% to christians 59 point
+Oj46Lava2nI-01284-00322775-00323004 nine percent three protestants less than
+Oj46Lava2nI-01285-00323005-00323218 36 percent and the greater number of
+Oj46Lava2nI-01286-00323219-00323395 unaffiliated thirty seven point three
+Oj46Lava2nI-01287-00323396-00323752 percent
+Oj46Lava2nI-01288-00323753-00323991 topic RS findings regarding
+Oj46Lava2nI-01289-00323992-00324464 self-identification
+Oj46Lava2nI-01290-00324465-00324695 the United States government does not
+Oj46Lava2nI-01291-00324696-00325001 collect religious data in its census the
+Oj46Lava2nI-01292-00325002-00325210 survey below the American religious
+Oj46Lava2nI-01293-00325211-00325526 identification survey RS of 2008 was a
+Oj46Lava2nI-01294-00325527-00325758 random digit dial telephone survey of
+Oj46Lava2nI-01295-00325759-00326083 54,000 461 American residential
+Oj46Lava2nI-01296-00326084-00326284 households in the contiguous United
+Oj46Lava2nI-01297-00326285-00326699 States the 1990 sample size was 113
+Oj46Lava2nI-01298-00326700-00326908 thousand seven hundred twenty three two
+Oj46Lava2nI-01299-00326909-00327109 thousand one sample size was fifty
+Oj46Lava2nI-01300-00327110-00327392 thousand two hundred eighty one adult
+Oj46Lava2nI-01301-00327393-00327572 respondents were asked the open-ended
+Oj46Lava2nI-01302-00327573-00327871 question what is your religion if any
+Oj46Lava2nI-01303-00327872-00328115 interviewers did not prompt or offer a
+Oj46Lava2nI-01304-00328116-00328418 suggested list of potential answers the
+Oj46Lava2nI-01305-00328419-00328609 religion of the spouse or partner was
+Oj46Lava2nI-01306-00328610-00328858 also asked if the initial answer was
+Oj46Lava2nI-01307-00328859-00329225 Protestant or Christian further
+Oj46Lava2nI-01308-00329226-00329396 questions were asked to probe which
+Oj46Lava2nI-01309-00329397-00329656 particular denomination about one third
+Oj46Lava2nI-01310-00329657-00329840 of the sample was asked more detailed
+Oj46Lava2nI-01311-00329841-00330133 demographic questions religious
+Oj46Lava2nI-01312-00330134-00330355 self-identification of the u.s. adult
+Oj46Lava2nI-01313-00330356-00330776 population 1990 2001 2008 figures are
+Oj46Lava2nI-01314-00330777-00330965 not adjusted for refusals to reply
+Oj46Lava2nI-01315-00330966-00331187 investigators suspect refusals are
+Oj46Lava2nI-01316-00331188-00331463 possibly more representative no religion
+Oj46Lava2nI-01317-00331464-00331919 than any other group highlights the RS
+Oj46Lava2nI-01318-00331920-00332134 2008 survey was carried out during
+Oj46Lava2nI-01319-00332135-00332417 February to November 2008 and collected
+Oj46Lava2nI-01320-00332418-00332792 answers from 54,000 461 respondents who
+Oj46Lava2nI-01321-00332793-00332992 were questioned in English or Spanish
+Oj46Lava2nI-01322-00332993-00333326 the American population self-identifies
+Oj46Lava2nI-01323-00333327-00333551 as predominantly Christian but Americans
+Oj46Lava2nI-01324-00333552-00333777 are slowly becoming less Christian
+Oj46Lava2nI-01325-00333778-00333995 eighty-six percent of American adults
+Oj46Lava2nI-01326-00333996-00334343 identified as Christians in 1990 and 76
+Oj46Lava2nI-01327-00334344-00334584 percent in 2008
+Oj46Lava2nI-01328-00334585-00334776 the historic mainline churches and
+Oj46Lava2nI-01329-00334777-00334959 denominations have experienced the
+Oj46Lava2nI-01330-00334960-00335094 steepest declines while the
+Oj46Lava2nI-01331-00335095-00335310 nondenominational Christian identity has
+Oj46Lava2nI-01332-00335311-00335511 been trending upward particularly since
+Oj46Lava2nI-01333-00335512-00335856 2001 the challenge to Christianity in
+Oj46Lava2nI-01334-00335857-00336018 the u.s. does not come from other
+Oj46Lava2nI-01335-00336019-00336231 religions but rather from a rejection of
+Oj46Lava2nI-01336-00336232-00336461 all forms of organized religion
+Oj46Lava2nI-01337-00336462-00336681 thirty-four percent of American adults
+Oj46Lava2nI-01338-00336682-00336933 considered themselves born-again or
+Oj46Lava2nI-01339-00336934-00337437 evangelical Christians in 2008 the u.s.
+Oj46Lava2nI-01340-00337438-00337647 population continues to show signs of
+Oj46Lava2nI-01341-00337648-00337836 becoming less religious with one out of
+Oj46Lava2nI-01342-00337837-00338016 every seven Americans failing to
+Oj46Lava2nI-01343-00338017-00338288 indicate a religious identity in 2008
+Oj46Lava2nI-01344-00338289-00338709 the nuns no stated religious preference
+Oj46Lava2nI-01345-00338710-00338940 atheist or agnostic continued to grow
+Oj46Lava2nI-01346-00338941-00339117 though at a much slower pace than in the
+Oj46Lava2nI-01347-00339118-00339570 1990s from 8.2 percent in 1990 to 14.1
+Oj46Lava2nI-01348-00339571-00339888 percent in 2001 to 15 point o percent in
+Oj46Lava2nI-01349-00339889-00340269 2008 Asian Americans are substantially
+Oj46Lava2nI-01350-00340270-00340461 more likely to indicate no religious
+Oj46Lava2nI-01351-00340462-00340650 identity than other racial or ethnic
+Oj46Lava2nI-01352-00340651-00340905 groups one sign of the lack of
+Oj46Lava2nI-01353-00340906-00341130 attachment of Americans to religion is
+Oj46Lava2nI-01354-00341131-00341346 that 27 percent do not expect a
+Oj46Lava2nI-01355-00341347-00341619 religious funeral at their death based
+Oj46Lava2nI-01356-00341620-00341787 on their stated beliefs rather than
+Oj46Lava2nI-01357-00341788-00342033 their religious identification in 2008
+Oj46Lava2nI-01358-00342034-00342270 70 percent of Americans believe in a
+Oj46Lava2nI-01359-00342271-00342486 personal God roughly 12 percent of
+Oj46Lava2nI-01360-00342487-00342753 Americans are atheist no God or agnostic
+Oj46Lava2nI-01361-00342754-00342984 unknowable or unsure and another 12
+Oj46Lava2nI-01362-00342985-00343209 percent are day istic a higher power but
+Oj46Lava2nI-01363-00343210-00343518 no personal God America's religious
+Oj46Lava2nI-01364-00343519-00343710 geography has been transformed since
+Oj46Lava2nI-01365-00343711-00343992 1990 religious switching along with
+Oj46Lava2nI-01366-00343993-00344202 Hispanic immigration has significantly
+Oj46Lava2nI-01367-00344203-00344400 changed the religious profile of some
+Oj46Lava2nI-01368-00344401-00344790 states and regions between 1990 and 2008
+Oj46Lava2nI-01369-00344791-00345012 the Catholic population proportion of
+Oj46Lava2nI-01370-00345013-00345263 the New England states fell from 50% to
+Oj46Lava2nI-01371-00345264-00345681 36% and in New York fell from 44% to 37%
+Oj46Lava2nI-01372-00345682-00345998 while it rose in California from 29% to
+Oj46Lava2nI-01373-00345999-00346557 37% and in Texas from 23% to 32% overall
+Oj46Lava2nI-01374-00346558-00346896 the 1990 to 2008 aras time series shows
+Oj46Lava2nI-01375-00346897-00347034 that changes in religious
+Oj46Lava2nI-01376-00347035-00347253 self-identification in the first decade
+Oj46Lava2nI-01377-00347254-00347463 of the 21st century have been moderate
+Oj46Lava2nI-01378-00347464-00347715 in comparison to the 1990s which was a
+Oj46Lava2nI-01379-00347716-00347901 period of significant shifts in the
+Oj46Lava2nI-01380-00347902-00347946 religion
+Oj46Lava2nI-01381-00347947-00348425 composition of the United States
+Oj46Lava2nI-01382-00348426-00348939 topic ethnicity
+Oj46Lava2nI-01383-00348940-00349170 the table below shows the religious
+Oj46Lava2nI-01384-00349171-00349359 affiliations among the ethnicities in
+Oj46Lava2nI-01385-00349360-00349545 the United States according to the Pew
+Oj46Lava2nI-01386-00349546-00349869 Forum 2014 survey people of black
+Oj46Lava2nI-01387-00349870-00350085 ethnicity were most likely to be part of
+Oj46Lava2nI-01388-00350086-00350355 a formal religion with 85% percent being
+Oj46Lava2nI-01389-00350356-00350658 Christians Protestant denominations make
+Oj46Lava2nI-01390-00350659-00350838 up the majority of the Christians in the
+Oj46Lava2nI-01391-00350839-00351150 ethnicities topics see also American
+Oj46Lava2nI-01392-00351151-00351351 civil religion freedom of religion in
+Oj46Lava2nI-01393-00351352-00351555 the United States historical religious
+Oj46Lava2nI-01394-00351556-00351759 demographics of the United States list
+Oj46Lava2nI-01395-00351760-00351963 of religious movements that began in the
+Oj46Lava2nI-01396-00351964-00352179 United States list of u.s. states and
+Oj46Lava2nI-01397-00352180-00352425 territories by religiosity relationship
+Oj46Lava2nI-01398-00352426-00352638 between religion and science religion in
+Oj46Lava2nI-01399-00352639-00352848 United States prisons school prayer hash
+Oj46Lava2nI-01400-00352849-00353079 tag United States separation of church
+Oj46Lava2nI-01401-00353080-00353292 and state in the United States topic
+Oj46Lava2nI-01402-00353293-00353514 references topic bibliography buck
+Oj46Lava2nI-01403-00353515-00353850 Christopher 2009 religious myths and
+Oj46Lava2nI-01404-00353851-00354063 visions of America how minority faiths
+Oj46Lava2nI-01405-00354064-00354381 redefined America's world role Westport
+Oj46Lava2nI-01406-00354382-00354453 Connecticut
+Oj46Lava2nI-01407-00354454-00354780 Praeger publishers ISBN nine seven eight
+Oj46Lava2nI-01408-00354781-00355056 oh three one three three five nine five
+Oj46Lava2nI-01409-00355057-00355410 nine Oh Richard Dawkins secularism the
+Oj46Lava2nI-01410-00355411-00355587 founding fathers and the religion of
+Oj46Lava2nI-01411-00355588-00355847 America in The God Delusion Black Swan
+Oj46Lava2nI-01412-00355848-00356244 2007 ISBN nine seven eight oh five five
+Oj46Lava2nI-01413-00356245-00356501 two seven seven four two nine one
+Oj46Lava2nI-01414-00356502-00356847 Deloitte touré Miguel a encyclopaedia on
+Oj46Lava2nI-01415-00356848-00357072 Hispanic American religious culture -
+Oj46Lava2nI-01416-00357073-00357440 volume abc-clio publishers 2009
+Oj46Lava2nI-01417-00357441-00357783 Fitzgerald Thomas 2007 Eastern
+Oj46Lava2nI-01418-00357784-00358032 Christianity in the United States the
+Oj46Lava2nI-01419-00358033-00358194 Blackwell companion to Eastern
+Oj46Lava2nI-01420-00358195-00358485 Christianity Malden MA Blackwell
+Oj46Lava2nI-01421-00358486-00359111 publishing pp 269 - 279 Gauss Ted Edwin
+Oj46Lava2nI-01422-00359112-00359445 1962 historical atlas of religion in
+Oj46Lava2nI-01423-00359446-00359799 America Harper & row gordon melton j
+Oj46Lava2nI-01424-00359800-00360066 encyclopedia of American religions 7th
+Oj46Lava2nI-01425-00360067-00360582 ed Thompson 2003 1408 PP Hill Samuel s
+Oj46Lava2nI-01426-00360583-00360807 Charles H Lippe and Charles Reagan
+Oj46Lava2nI-01427-00360808-00361188 Wilson EDS encyclopedia of religion in
+Oj46Lava2nI-01428-00361189-00361541 the south 2005 Lippe Charles H ed
+Oj46Lava2nI-01429-00361542-00361776 encyclopedia of the American religious
+Oj46Lava2nI-01430-00361777-00362079 experience 3 volume scriveners 1988
+Oj46Lava2nI-01431-00362080-00362343 National Council of the churches of cry
+Oj46Lava2nI-01432-00362344-00362700 yearbook of American churches 2010 2010
+Oj46Lava2nI-01433-00362701-00362957 Putnam Robert D and David E Campbell
+Oj46Lava2nI-01434-00362958-00363189 American grace how religion divides and
+Oj46Lava2nI-01435-00363190-00363431 unites us 2010 excerpt and text search
+Oj46Lava2nI-01436-00363432-00363630 Queen Edward L at all
+Oj46Lava2nI-01437-00363631-00363921 IDI s encyclopedia of American religious
+Oj46Lava2nI-01438-00363922-00364221 history Burdette three-volume facts on
+Oj46Lava2nI-01439-00364222-00364518 file 2009 topic historiography Gulf
+Oj46Lava2nI-01440-00364519-00364815 Philip II D the Blackwell companion to
+Oj46Lava2nI-01441-00364816-00365081 religion in America 2010 online forty
+Oj46Lava2nI-01442-00365082-00365319 three essays by scholars topic external
+Oj46Lava2nI-01443-00365320-00365490 links association of religion data
+Oj46Lava2nI-01444-00365491-00365735 archives compilation of religion data
+Oj46Lava2nI-01445-00365736-00365979 from a project jointly supported by penn
+Oj46Lava2nI-01446-00365980-00366087 state university
+Oj46Lava2nI-01447-00366088-00366303 chapman university the Lilly Endowment
+Oj46Lava2nI-01448-00366304-00366513 and the John Templeton Foundation the
+Oj46Lava2nI-01449-00366514-00366678 Auris American religious identification
+Oj46Lava2nI-01450-00366679-00367005 survey time series surveys website of
+Oj46Lava2nI-01451-00367006-00367181 academic research team that conducted
+Oj46Lava2nI-01452-00367182-00367413 three large replicate representative
+Oj46Lava2nI-01453-00367414-00367614 national surveys of adults in the
+Oj46Lava2nI-01454-00367615-00367934 continental United States in 1990 2001
+Oj46Lava2nI-01455-00367935-00368313 and 2008 includes reports datasets and
+Oj46Lava2nI-01456-00368314-00368571 other information material history of
+Oj46Lava2nI-01457-00368572-00368793 American religion project based at the
+Oj46Lava2nI-01458-00368794-00368964 Vanderbilt University Divinity School
+Oj46Lava2nI-01459-00368965-00369204 and supported by the Lilly Endowment Pew
+Oj46Lava2nI-01460-00369205-00369414 Forum on Religion and Public Life a
+Oj46Lava2nI-01461-00369415-00369552 project of the Pew Research Center
+Oj46Lava2nI-01462-00369553-00369780 publishing statistical reports on
+Oj46Lava2nI-01463-00369781-00369954 religion and American life religion
+Oj46Lava2nI-01464-00369955-00370208 Gallup historical trends opinion polling
+Oj46Lava2nI-01465-00370209-00370401 of Americans by the Gallup poll from the
+Oj46Lava2nI-01466-00370402-00370764 1940s to the present
+OlHZ3yEr8dQ-00000-00000272-00000526 holy gets the ice cream
+OlHZ3yEr8dQ-00001-00000527-00000831 truck holy gets the ice
+OlHZ3yEr8dQ-00002-00000832-00000958 cream truck
+OlHZ3yEr8dQ-00003-00000959-00001215 holy gets the ice cream
+OlHZ3yEr8dQ-00004-00001216-00001516 truck
+PoQgHZJStFk-00000-00000024-00000098 foreign
+PoQgHZJStFk-00001-00000099-00000903 [Music]
+PoQgHZJStFk-00002-00000905-00001609 [Music]
+PoQgHZJStFk-00003-00001610-00003511 [Applause]
+PoQgHZJStFk-00004-00003511-00003820 so that you can also use it in your
+PoQgHZJStFk-00005-00003821-00004103 daily wives and those kind of things so
+PoQgHZJStFk-00006-00004104-00004427 I have editors over here and today we
+PoQgHZJStFk-00007-00004428-00004588 are going to design this book cover
+PoQgHZJStFk-00008-00004589-00005113 based on a a footballer Baba Raman yes
+PoQgHZJStFk-00009-00005114-00005579 so I just got this information and all
+PoQgHZJStFk-00010-00005580-00005806 what we need to do to get started so
+PoQgHZJStFk-00011-00005807-00006059 first of all let me just open my listing
+PoQgHZJStFk-00012-00006060-00006341 we will see a brief history about him
+PoQgHZJStFk-00013-00006342-00006653 and then we just wrap up with everything
+PoQgHZJStFk-00014-00006654-00006917 with all this information so let's just
+PoQgHZJStFk-00015-00006918-00007103 go to our Photoshop and let's get it
+PoQgHZJStFk-00016-00007104-00007241 done so first of all this smart
+PoQgHZJStFk-00017-00007242-00007451 Photoshop and I'm just I'm just going to
+PoQgHZJStFk-00018-00007452-00007756 create a document or a size book cover
+PoQgHZJStFk-00019-00007758-00007960 over here and that is what I'm going to
+PoQgHZJStFk-00020-00007961-00008255 use for everything so
+PoQgHZJStFk-00021-00008256-00008483 after we have something like this over
+PoQgHZJStFk-00022-00008484-00008705 there I'm creating a new document so
+PoQgHZJStFk-00023-00008706-00008957 I'll head over to my this thing and then
+PoQgHZJStFk-00024-00008958-00009196 I'll change this one to inches and then
+PoQgHZJStFk-00025-00009197-00009431 this one I'll call it uh
+PoQgHZJStFk-00026-00009432-00009701 uh Baba
+PoQgHZJStFk-00027-00009702-00010255 Baba exercise
+PoQgHZJStFk-00028-00010256-00010564 and over here I'm going to make it uh
+PoQgHZJStFk-00029-00010565-00010864 14.
+PoQgHZJStFk-00030-00010865-00011123 37
+PoQgHZJStFk-00031-00011124-00011537 and then over here I'll make it 9.45
+PoQgHZJStFk-00032-00011538-00011771 and then the resolution should be 300
+PoQgHZJStFk-00033-00011772-00011963 that would be okay for me and she it
+PoQgHZJStFk-00034-00011964-00012173 should be in the asking for and that
+PoQgHZJStFk-00035-00012174-00012328 ends the problem then I'll create a
+PoQgHZJStFk-00036-00012329-00012545 document then when I create a document
+PoQgHZJStFk-00037-00012546-00012695 the next thing you're gonna have to do
+PoQgHZJStFk-00038-00012696-00012971 is to create my guidelines over here so
+PoQgHZJStFk-00039-00012972-00013133 over here I'm just going to fast forward
+PoQgHZJStFk-00040-00013134-00013319 it when creating the decision as we
+PoQgHZJStFk-00041-00013319-00013565 already do one percent here one percent
+PoQgHZJStFk-00042-00013566-00013769 here one percent of one percent down
+PoQgHZJStFk-00043-00013769-00014116 that's all and then I have a
+PoQgHZJStFk-00044-00014118-00014357 the distance over here so first of all
+PoQgHZJStFk-00045-00014358-00014572 let me just create a
+PoQgHZJStFk-00046-00014573-00014830 this vertical line which is going to be
+PoQgHZJStFk-00047-00014831-00015107 a separate uh it does separate the front
+PoQgHZJStFk-00048-00015108-00015275 cover and the back cover which is going
+PoQgHZJStFk-00049-00015276-00015641 to 50 over here just like that years and
+PoQgHZJStFk-00050-00015641-00015772 the next thing they're gonna have to do
+PoQgHZJStFk-00051-00015773-00016216 is to
+PoQgHZJStFk-00052-00016218-00016450 I'm sorry is to also create the one
+PoQgHZJStFk-00053-00016451-00016775 percent over here just like that
+PoQgHZJStFk-00054-00016776-00016908 okay
+PoQgHZJStFk-00055-00016909-00017093 and then the next thing you're gonna
+PoQgHZJStFk-00056-00017094-00017339 have to do is to create one minus 100
+PoQgHZJStFk-00057-00017340-00017650 which is 99 so I'm going to create that
+PoQgHZJStFk-00058-00017651-00017830 you know about that over here over there
+PoQgHZJStFk-00059-00017831-00018083 and then I'll also create the other one
+PoQgHZJStFk-00060-00018084-00018317 which is going to be horizontally so I'm
+PoQgHZJStFk-00061-00018318-00018541 just going to have one percent over here
+PoQgHZJStFk-00062-00018542-00018833 and then the next thing I have to do is
+PoQgHZJStFk-00063-00018834-00019061 to create another one which is going to
+PoQgHZJStFk-00064-00019062-00019361 be 19 hours agency just like this okay
+PoQgHZJStFk-00065-00019362-00019535 to use it and the next thing you're
+PoQgHZJStFk-00066-00019536-00019691 going to have to do the book supposed to
+PoQgHZJStFk-00067-00019692-00019847 be separated so that the edges
+PoQgHZJStFk-00068-00019848-00020177 everything looks beautiful so over here
+PoQgHZJStFk-00069-00020178-00020477 I'm going to put
+PoQgHZJStFk-00070-00020478-00020693 this should be vertically and I'm going
+PoQgHZJStFk-00071-00020694-00021077 to use 51 over there
+PoQgHZJStFk-00072-00021078-00021377 51 percent just like this over there
+PoQgHZJStFk-00073-00021378-00021580 and now I should be somewhere here and
+PoQgHZJStFk-00074-00021581-00021785 the next thing again I have to do is to
+PoQgHZJStFk-00075-00021786-00022128 create another one which is going to be
+PoQgHZJStFk-00076-00022129-00022655 uh 49 over the slider and then I can
+PoQgHZJStFk-00077-00022656-00022967 have it just like this so 41 is for this
+PoQgHZJStFk-00078-00022968-00023333 50s for this and 51 is for that and the
+PoQgHZJStFk-00079-00023334-00023561 bottom the bottom and the top and the
+PoQgHZJStFk-00080-00023562-00023741 left and the distance should be one
+PoQgHZJStFk-00081-00023742-00023927 percent one percent that is the problem
+PoQgHZJStFk-00082-00023928-00024094 so the next thing you're gonna have to
+PoQgHZJStFk-00083-00024095-00024275 do is to create up is to come up with
+PoQgHZJStFk-00084-00024276-00024455 the background then we cannot start
+PoQgHZJStFk-00085-00024456-00024707 designing the front and the back cover
+PoQgHZJStFk-00086-00024708-00024905 so first of all I'm just going to create
+PoQgHZJStFk-00087-00024906-00025169 a a ship from here I'm going to pick the
+PoQgHZJStFk-00088-00025170-00025433 ellipse tool over here then I'm going to
+PoQgHZJStFk-00089-00025434-00025690 draw something like this over there just
+PoQgHZJStFk-00090-00025691-00025931 like that you get that yes
+PoQgHZJStFk-00091-00025932-00026200 so when I have something like this I
+PoQgHZJStFk-00092-00026201-00026411 just want it to be somewhere somewhere
+PoQgHZJStFk-00093-00026412-00026596 like this or right here just like that
+PoQgHZJStFk-00094-00026597-00026831 and I'm going to duplicate it by Ctrl G
+PoQgHZJStFk-00095-00026832-00027131 and then I'll move that one
+PoQgHZJStFk-00096-00027132-00027418 a little bit out yes and now I see
+PoQgHZJStFk-00097-00027419-00027593 somewhere here and then what I'm doing
+PoQgHZJStFk-00098-00027594-00027833 going to change the color to be quite
+PoQgHZJStFk-00099-00027833-00027970 and the next thing you're going to have
+PoQgHZJStFk-00100-00027972-00028193 to do is to create another one and then
+PoQgHZJStFk-00101-00028194-00028408 and that one I'll make the color to be
+PoQgHZJStFk-00102-00028410-00028696 this particular color which is blue so
+PoQgHZJStFk-00103-00028697-00028973 I'll hold Ctrl I'll hold a shift control
+PoQgHZJStFk-00104-00028974-00029243 and then I'll just pull that one to out
+PoQgHZJStFk-00105-00029244-00029470 just like that over there you get that
+PoQgHZJStFk-00106-00029472-00029717 yes and I'll have it just like that and
+PoQgHZJStFk-00107-00029718-00029933 then I'll group it all
+PoQgHZJStFk-00108-00029933-00030143 and I'll right click and then compare
+PoQgHZJStFk-00109-00030144-00030323 that one to a Smart object just like
+PoQgHZJStFk-00110-00030324-00030455 this okay
+PoQgHZJStFk-00111-00030456-00030658 yes and next thing you're gonna have to
+PoQgHZJStFk-00112-00030660-00030881 do is to duplicate it over there and
+PoQgHZJStFk-00113-00030882-00031133 then I'll move down to somewhere like
+PoQgHZJStFk-00114-00031133-00031451 this over here we get that
+PoQgHZJStFk-00115-00031452-00031745 not feeling well sorry then I'll have it
+PoQgHZJStFk-00116-00031745-00031943 just like this over there and that one
+PoQgHZJStFk-00117-00031944-00032117 should be somewhere like this and then
+PoQgHZJStFk-00118-00032118-00032417 I'll make sure that all is in the middle
+PoQgHZJStFk-00119-00032418-00032801 just like that okay yes and that one too
+PoQgHZJStFk-00120-00032802-00032981 I'm going to right click and then
+PoQgHZJStFk-00121-00032982-00033215 convert that one to a Smart object and
+PoQgHZJStFk-00122-00033216-00033443 that one I can put it somewhere top just
+PoQgHZJStFk-00123-00033444-00033635 like that and then over there I'm just
+PoQgHZJStFk-00124-00033636-00033887 going to duplicate it just like that and
+PoQgHZJStFk-00125-00033888-00034133 then I'll bring that one to the bottom
+PoQgHZJStFk-00126-00034134-00034481 over here and then I'll I'll just click
+PoQgHZJStFk-00127-00034482-00034739 on the line on this and then I'll right
+PoQgHZJStFk-00128-00034740-00034951 click and then
+PoQgHZJStFk-00129-00034952-00035339 flip it vertically so that the shape
+PoQgHZJStFk-00130-00035340-00035518 will come out just like that and I'll
+PoQgHZJStFk-00131-00035519-00035711 have it just like this over there just
+PoQgHZJStFk-00132-00035712-00035945 like that okay then I can have it just
+PoQgHZJStFk-00133-00035946-00036101 like this
+PoQgHZJStFk-00134-00036102-00036473 yes so there is all this that appeared
+PoQgHZJStFk-00135-00036474-00036646 over there and the next thing I'm gonna
+PoQgHZJStFk-00136-00036647-00036917 have to do is to start designing the the
+PoQgHZJStFk-00137-00036918-00037193 fronts yes so this can be the shape over
+PoQgHZJStFk-00138-00037194-00037433 there and then the next noun I'm going
+PoQgHZJStFk-00139-00037434-00037643 to do is to put up a color over there
+PoQgHZJStFk-00140-00037644-00037795 and that particular collaboration
+PoQgHZJStFk-00141-00037796-00037933 [Applause]
+PoQgHZJStFk-00142-00037934-00038230 uh I'm just going to use let me use a
+PoQgHZJStFk-00143-00038231-00038399 gradient color over there so that it
+PoQgHZJStFk-00144-00038400-00038609 will do something different so yes so
+PoQgHZJStFk-00145-00038610-00038711 I'm going to use this particular
+PoQgHZJStFk-00146-00038712-00039485 gradient color then I'll click ok
+PoQgHZJStFk-00147-00039486-00039695 we come up with the background just like
+PoQgHZJStFk-00148-00039696-00039959 this and should be down there just like
+PoQgHZJStFk-00149-00039960-00040318 that okay so that is what I have here so
+PoQgHZJStFk-00150-00040319-00040439 the next thing you're gonna have to do
+PoQgHZJStFk-00151-00040440-00040601 is to start this and then the front
+PoQgHZJStFk-00152-00040602-00040829 cover over there you just just like that
+PoQgHZJStFk-00153-00040830-00041071 so
+PoQgHZJStFk-00154-00041072-00041267 the next thing you're gonna have to do
+PoQgHZJStFk-00155-00041268-00041530 is to go and Import in an image over
+PoQgHZJStFk-00156-00041531-00041752 there and that one I'm going to use his
+PoQgHZJStFk-00157-00041753-00042130 is he his image over here and I'm going
+PoQgHZJStFk-00158-00042131-00042335 to just get this particular image over
+PoQgHZJStFk-00159-00042336-00042574 there then that one should be the front
+PoQgHZJStFk-00160-00042575-00042845 uh the front cover the front cover yes
+PoQgHZJStFk-00161-00042846-00043012 then I'll have it yesterday and I'll
+PoQgHZJStFk-00162-00043013-00043199 move it somewhere like this over there
+PoQgHZJStFk-00163-00043200-00043349 and the next thing I'm going to have to
+PoQgHZJStFk-00164-00043350-00043702 do is just let it align with the the
+PoQgHZJStFk-00165-00043703-00043930 lines over there so that it will look so
+PoQgHZJStFk-00166-00043931-00044605 beautiful for me just like this okay yes
+PoQgHZJStFk-00167-00044606-00044812 so the next thing you're gonna have to
+PoQgHZJStFk-00168-00044813-00045124 do is to come out with the addition just
+PoQgHZJStFk-00169-00045125-00045467 like that and I'll make sure that I
+PoQgHZJStFk-00170-00045468-00045743 let it be somewhere here just like that
+PoQgHZJStFk-00171-00045744-00045857 okay
+PoQgHZJStFk-00172-00045858-00046096 yes it should be somewhere like this
+PoQgHZJStFk-00173-00046097-00046211 over there
+PoQgHZJStFk-00174-00046212-00046337 okay
+PoQgHZJStFk-00175-00046338-00046630 and then I'll go to my properties and
+PoQgHZJStFk-00176-00046631-00046871 just move the edges a little bit so that
+PoQgHZJStFk-00177-00046872-00047146 it will be rounded just like that okay
+PoQgHZJStFk-00178-00047147-00047411 and then I'll make sure that I do what I
+PoQgHZJStFk-00179-00047412-00047639 create a clip of masking so that it will
+PoQgHZJStFk-00180-00047640-00047902 go inside that particular Edition about
+PoQgHZJStFk-00181-00047903-00048035 it so
+PoQgHZJStFk-00182-00048036-00048340 let me just move this one over there
+PoQgHZJStFk-00183-00048341-00048508 and then this will actually be somewhere
+PoQgHZJStFk-00184-00048509-00048755 here like this over there and then at
+PoQgHZJStFk-00185-00048756-00048940 the top there I should make sure that
+PoQgHZJStFk-00186-00048941-00049174 all tools are equal in that particular
+PoQgHZJStFk-00187-00049175-00049408 distance yes yes then I'll have it just
+PoQgHZJStFk-00188-00049409-00049577 like this and then
+PoQgHZJStFk-00189-00049578-00049780 over this particles I'll just move that
+PoQgHZJStFk-00190-00049781-00050021 one to the top a little bit so that it
+PoQgHZJStFk-00191-00050022-00050321 will go inside there without any problem
+PoQgHZJStFk-00192-00050322-00050579 yes so over there we are going to start
+PoQgHZJStFk-00193-00050580-00050890 from the top to the bottom then we have
+PoQgHZJStFk-00194-00050891-00051058 something like this then we open up
+PoQgHZJStFk-00195-00051059-00051299 Ghana screws I'm just going to copy
+PoQgHZJStFk-00196-00051300-00051587 Ghana screws over there then
+PoQgHZJStFk-00197-00051588-00051814 I'll paste it on that particular Edition
+PoQgHZJStFk-00198-00051815-00051970 just like that
+PoQgHZJStFk-00199-00051971-00052276 yes I'll have it just like that and that
+PoQgHZJStFk-00200-00052277-00052511 one I'll make sure that it comes to the
+PoQgHZJStFk-00201-00052512-00052703 top of the distance and then I'll
+PoQgHZJStFk-00202-00052704-00052925 increase my size a little bit somewhere
+PoQgHZJStFk-00203-00052926-00053188 18. let me increase it to you tomorrow
+PoQgHZJStFk-00204-00053189-00053416 yes then I can have it just like that
+PoQgHZJStFk-00205-00053417-00053729 over there
+PoQgHZJStFk-00206-00053729-00054004 let's see 30 okay so I think that you
+PoQgHZJStFk-00207-00054005-00054238 will be okay for me and then that one
+PoQgHZJStFk-00208-00054239-00054491 I'll just align it just took me like
+PoQgHZJStFk-00209-00054491-00054785 this over there okay yes and the next
+PoQgHZJStFk-00210-00054786-00054965 thing you're gonna have to do is to come
+PoQgHZJStFk-00211-00054966-00055253 out with the is to come and copy it the
+PoQgHZJStFk-00212-00055254-00055480 exercise book over here
+PoQgHZJStFk-00213-00055482-00055721 copy the exercise book over there then
+PoQgHZJStFk-00214-00055722-00055966 I'm just going to do what to paste it
+PoQgHZJStFk-00215-00055967-00056249 over here and just like that okay
+PoQgHZJStFk-00216-00056250-00056513 yes and then I'll make sure that that
+PoQgHZJStFk-00217-00056514-00056735 one too is somewhere like this or right
+PoQgHZJStFk-00218-00056736-00057004 there and then I'll go to FX then I'll
+PoQgHZJStFk-00219-00057005-00057275 come to what I'll come to stroke so I'm
+PoQgHZJStFk-00220-00057276-00057532 going to add a stroke to it and then it
+PoQgHZJStFk-00221-00057533-00057713 will look so beautiful for me and then
+PoQgHZJStFk-00222-00057714-00057976 I'll come to color before I do the
+PoQgHZJStFk-00223-00057977-00058163 stroke so over there I'm going to change
+PoQgHZJStFk-00224-00058164-00058444 the color to somewhere color like this
+PoQgHZJStFk-00225-00058445-00058654 so let me see okay like this is okay for
+PoQgHZJStFk-00226-00058655-00058907 me and now come to stroke over here then
+PoQgHZJStFk-00227-00058908-00059159 I'll change the stroke towards to White
+PoQgHZJStFk-00228-00059160-00059447 yes destruction White and the position
+PoQgHZJStFk-00229-00059448-00059699 should be outside then I can just
+PoQgHZJStFk-00230-00059700-00059903 increase my stroke like that I just then
+PoQgHZJStFk-00231-00059904-00060215 I'll come to drop shadow over there then
+PoQgHZJStFk-00232-00060216-00060400 I'm just going to drop a shutter over
+PoQgHZJStFk-00233-00060401-00060580 there so that it will appear very well
+PoQgHZJStFk-00234-00060582-00060850 for me yes so let me just increase the
+PoQgHZJStFk-00235-00060851-00061247 distance and then
+PoQgHZJStFk-00236-00061248-00061559 I'll make sure that
+PoQgHZJStFk-00237-00061560-00061792 screw it to the top just like that we
+PoQgHZJStFk-00238-00061794-00061997 can still make changes to it after we go
+PoQgHZJStFk-00239-00061998-00062171 on so we can have something like this
+PoQgHZJStFk-00240-00062172-00062392 over there the next thing you're gonna
+PoQgHZJStFk-00241-00062394-00062519 have to do is to go and pick a
+PoQgHZJStFk-00242-00062520-00062704 rectangular tool over here then I'm just
+PoQgHZJStFk-00243-00062705-00062885 going to draw something like this over
+PoQgHZJStFk-00244-00062886-00063107 there and this is what I'm going to use
+PoQgHZJStFk-00245-00063108-00063275 for the distance
+PoQgHZJStFk-00246-00063276-00063587 yes so I'll have it just like that and
+PoQgHZJStFk-00247-00063588-00063766 then I'll change the color towards to
+PoQgHZJStFk-00248-00063767-00064030 White I want it to be white just like
+PoQgHZJStFk-00249-00064032-00064253 this over there and then I'll make sure
+PoQgHZJStFk-00250-00064254-00064619 that I move the edges a little bit so
+PoQgHZJStFk-00251-00064620-00064859 that it will look somehow around it now
+PoQgHZJStFk-00252-00064860-00065038 that's straightforward then I'll have it
+PoQgHZJStFk-00253-00065039-00065315 just like this over there okay and then
+PoQgHZJStFk-00254-00065316-00065476 the next thing I'm gonna have to do that
+PoQgHZJStFk-00255-00065477-00065638 particular shape I'm going to reduce the
+PoQgHZJStFk-00256-00065639-00065867 opacity a little bit so that it will
+PoQgHZJStFk-00257-00065868-00066155 look like the part of the body is coming
+PoQgHZJStFk-00258-00066156-00066376 out just like that and then I'll just
+PoQgHZJStFk-00259-00066377-00066629 head over and come and pick copied this
+PoQgHZJStFk-00260-00066630-00066797 particular distance over there just like
+PoQgHZJStFk-00261-00066798-00067061 that and then I'll copy that one yes and
+PoQgHZJStFk-00262-00067062-00067187 then the next thing you're gonna have to
+PoQgHZJStFk-00263-00067188-00067426 do is to paste that one two over there
+PoQgHZJStFk-00264-00067427-00067576 just like that
+PoQgHZJStFk-00265-00067577-00067817 and yes and I'll make sure that I move
+PoQgHZJStFk-00266-00067818-00068015 to somewhere like this over the inside
+PoQgHZJStFk-00267-00068016-00068326 of this thing so I'm I'm just going to
+PoQgHZJStFk-00268-00068327-00068591 change the color to Black and then I can
+PoQgHZJStFk-00269-00068592-00068831 do the adjustment yes so I'll have it
+PoQgHZJStFk-00270-00068832-00069023 just like this over there and then I'll
+PoQgHZJStFk-00271-00069024-00069263 reduce the sizes to somewhere a little
+PoQgHZJStFk-00272-00069264-00069479 bit so that everything can end up very
+PoQgHZJStFk-00273-00069480-00069791 very well inside it yes so I can have
+PoQgHZJStFk-00274-00069792-00069994 something like this about that
+PoQgHZJStFk-00275-00069995-00070138 yes
+PoQgHZJStFk-00276-00070139-00070456 so I'm just going to make a white wider
+PoQgHZJStFk-00277-00070457-00070817 so that the the the the when any person
+PoQgHZJStFk-00278-00070818-00070999 who received this particular
+PoQgHZJStFk-00279-00071000-00071303 distance can also read very well so I
+PoQgHZJStFk-00280-00071304-00071453 can have it just like this over there
+PoQgHZJStFk-00281-00071454-00071644 and then I'll make sure that I move this
+PoQgHZJStFk-00282-00071645-00071915 one to a little bit to go around just
+PoQgHZJStFk-00283-00071916-00072119 like that and I can't handle this like
+PoQgHZJStFk-00284-00072120-00072388 this so they can read they can they can
+PoQgHZJStFk-00285-00072389-00072682 put on their name they are subject screw
+PoQgHZJStFk-00286-00072683-00072947 and did over them so let me just save my
+PoQgHZJStFk-00287-00072948-00073163 work for this probably because anything
+PoQgHZJStFk-00288-00073164-00073450 can happen through that that process so
+PoQgHZJStFk-00289-00073451-00073619 I can have something like this over
+PoQgHZJStFk-00290-00073620-00073937 there and then this one I can make sure
+PoQgHZJStFk-00291-00073938-00074225 that our a semi pool let me just make it
+PoQgHZJStFk-00292-00074226-00074399 somewhere bold and see what will happen
+PoQgHZJStFk-00293-00074400-00074609 right there yes so I'll probably just
+PoQgHZJStFk-00294-00074610-00074861 like this would like to appear very very
+PoQgHZJStFk-00295-00074862-00075071 well for me then I can have it just like
+PoQgHZJStFk-00296-00075072-00075299 that okay the next thing again I have to
+PoQgHZJStFk-00297-00075300-00075515 do is to head over to here and then
+PoQgHZJStFk-00298-00075516-00075809 click on this particular this number
+PoQgHZJStFk-00299-00075810-00075941 here
+PoQgHZJStFk-00300-00075942-00076199 shouldn't be that big but let me see how
+PoQgHZJStFk-00301-00076200-00076403 we can do that and then over there I'm
+PoQgHZJStFk-00302-00076404-00076843 just going to change the color to red
+PoQgHZJStFk-00303-00076844-00077093 just like that okay
+PoQgHZJStFk-00304-00077094-00077285 then I can have it just like the next
+PoQgHZJStFk-00305-00077286-00077435 thing you're gonna have to do is to come
+PoQgHZJStFk-00306-00077436-00077759 and copy it straightly not for sale over
+PoQgHZJStFk-00307-00077760-00077944 there just like that I'm just going to
+PoQgHZJStFk-00308-00077945-00078197 copy that particular one and then I'll
+PoQgHZJStFk-00309-00078198-00078400 just gonna paste that one two over here
+PoQgHZJStFk-00310-00078401-00078694 just like this yes and I'm going to
+PoQgHZJStFk-00311-00078695-00079073 reduce the size to somewhere 14 and that
+PoQgHZJStFk-00312-00079074-00079259 one will be okay then it should be
+PoQgHZJStFk-00313-00079260-00080029 somewhere like this
+PoQgHZJStFk-00314-00080030-00080261 somewhere like this and I'll change it
+PoQgHZJStFk-00315-00080262-00080453 to medium
+PoQgHZJStFk-00316-00080454-00081491 they slide that over there sorry
+PoQgHZJStFk-00317-00081492-00081821 okay
+PoQgHZJStFk-00318-00081822-00082325 so I'll have someone like this so better
+PoQgHZJStFk-00319-00082326-00082606 straight to Netflix okay then I'll have
+PoQgHZJStFk-00320-00082607-00082799 it just like this so over this
+PoQgHZJStFk-00321-00082800-00083009 particular I'm just going to hold Ctrl
+PoQgHZJStFk-00322-00083010-00083237 and one side of it I'm just going to
+PoQgHZJStFk-00323-00083238-00083531 drag it just like this like this and
+PoQgHZJStFk-00324-00083532-00083759 then that will be okay for me then I
+PoQgHZJStFk-00325-00083760-00083921 click ok
+PoQgHZJStFk-00326-00083922-00084394 previous so we have just come to the end
+PoQgHZJStFk-00327-00084395-00084562 of the distance so the next thing you're
+PoQgHZJStFk-00328-00084563-00084809 gonna have to do is to head over to this
+PoQgHZJStFk-00329-00084810-00085150 place where I'll come and copy it uh
+PoQgHZJStFk-00330-00085151-00085385 Baba Raman over here I'm just going to
+PoQgHZJStFk-00331-00085386-00085673 copy that one over there then I'll head
+PoQgHZJStFk-00332-00085674-00085882 over over here and then I'll just go and
+PoQgHZJStFk-00333-00085883-00086165 paste that name over there just like
+PoQgHZJStFk-00334-00086166-00086453 that okay then I'm just going to break
+PoQgHZJStFk-00335-00086454-00086843 it together like this
+PoQgHZJStFk-00336-00086844-00087137 and then I'll make sure that our line is
+PoQgHZJStFk-00337-00087138-00087329 selected it should be selected like this
+PoQgHZJStFk-00338-00087330-00087544 and then the next thing again I have to
+PoQgHZJStFk-00339-00087545-00087743 do is to increase the size a little bit
+PoQgHZJStFk-00340-00087744-00087935 so that it's gonna appear very very well
+PoQgHZJStFk-00341-00087936-00088175 for that yes then I can have something
+PoQgHZJStFk-00342-00088176-00088349 like this over there and the next thing
+PoQgHZJStFk-00343-00088350-00088535 you're gonna have to do is to
+PoQgHZJStFk-00344-00088536-00088762 highlight only the Baba and then I'll
+PoQgHZJStFk-00345-00088763-00089003 increase the size so that it will be a
+PoQgHZJStFk-00346-00089004-00089231 little bit bigger than the Rama over
+PoQgHZJStFk-00347-00089232-00089423 there just like that
+PoQgHZJStFk-00348-00089424-00089626 and I can't help me just like that about
+PoQgHZJStFk-00349-00089627-00089788 that and then the next thing I'm gonna
+PoQgHZJStFk-00350-00089789-00089968 have to do is to
+PoQgHZJStFk-00351-00089969-00090209 make it a little bit so that the the
+PoQgHZJStFk-00352-00090210-00090515 whiteness can just fit up over there
+PoQgHZJStFk-00353-00090516-00090706 because so you just have to keep doing
+PoQgHZJStFk-00354-00090707-00090971 this to just get the best listen over
+PoQgHZJStFk-00355-00090972-00091175 there then I can have it just like that
+PoQgHZJStFk-00356-00091176-00091306 and the next thing you're gonna have to
+PoQgHZJStFk-00357-00091307-00091571 do is to come and copy it donated well
+PoQgHZJStFk-00358-00091572-00091876 and that one I'm just going to cut paste
+PoQgHZJStFk-00359-00091877-00092315 it somewhere like this over there
+PoQgHZJStFk-00360-00092316-00092506 and then I can have it just like that
+PoQgHZJStFk-00361-00092507-00092717 then I'm going to reduce the size a
+PoQgHZJStFk-00362-00092718-00092975 little bit so that it will go you know
+PoQgHZJStFk-00363-00092976-00093203 like this for the for me then I can have
+PoQgHZJStFk-00364-00093204-00093371 it just like it you can see it's not
+PoQgHZJStFk-00365-00093372-00093605 coming out very very well so what you
+PoQgHZJStFk-00366-00093606-00093761 really need to do when you have a
+PoQgHZJStFk-00367-00093762-00093905 situation like this you just need to
+PoQgHZJStFk-00368-00093906-00094162 come and pick a tool over here a
+PoQgHZJStFk-00369-00094163-00094349 rectangular tool over there then you
+PoQgHZJStFk-00370-00094350-00094475 draw something
+PoQgHZJStFk-00371-00094476-00094715 under that particular name is like that
+PoQgHZJStFk-00372-00094716-00094918 and then you can't
+PoQgHZJStFk-00373-00094919-00095212 change the color to any color so I'm
+PoQgHZJStFk-00374-00095213-00095405 going to use black over there just like
+PoQgHZJStFk-00375-00095406-00095650 that and then I'll reduce the opacity
+PoQgHZJStFk-00376-00095651-00095885 a little bit so that it will come out
+PoQgHZJStFk-00377-00095886-00096106 very very well for me and then I can
+PoQgHZJStFk-00378-00096107-00096455 make it around it fine yes then I can
+PoQgHZJStFk-00379-00096456-00096629 have it just like this over there so
+PoQgHZJStFk-00380-00096630-00096706 that
+PoQgHZJStFk-00381-00096707-00096947 that one took an appear very very well
+PoQgHZJStFk-00382-00096948-00097187 then you see if your work as you have to
+PoQgHZJStFk-00383-00097188-00097444 be yes so as you can see all this
+PoQgHZJStFk-00384-00097445-00097547 information
+PoQgHZJStFk-00385-00097548-00097823 has filled up that particular portion
+PoQgHZJStFk-00386-00097824-00098021 which is the front cover just like that
+PoQgHZJStFk-00387-00098022-00098261 over there without any problem so the
+PoQgHZJStFk-00388-00098262-00098411 next thing you're gonna have to do is to
+PoQgHZJStFk-00389-00098412-00098567 come today
+PoQgHZJStFk-00390-00098568-00098800 the second the second page which is
+PoQgHZJStFk-00391-00098801-00098987 going to be like a back cover and I'm
+PoQgHZJStFk-00392-00098988-00099137 going to pick a rectangular tool over
+PoQgHZJStFk-00393-00099138-00099311 there then I would draw something like
+PoQgHZJStFk-00394-00099312-00099449 this over there
+PoQgHZJStFk-00395-00099450-00099671 just in the middle it should be in the
+PoQgHZJStFk-00396-00099672-00099911 middle just like that okay so that it
+PoQgHZJStFk-00397-00099912-00100109 will cover this particular place over
+PoQgHZJStFk-00398-00100110-00100343 there just like that together yes then I
+PoQgHZJStFk-00399-00100344-00100541 can help it just like this so the next
+PoQgHZJStFk-00400-00100542-00100679 thing you're gonna have to do is to head
+PoQgHZJStFk-00401-00100680-00100894 over to this particular distance then I
+PoQgHZJStFk-00402-00100895-00101123 can come and pick the this number here
+PoQgHZJStFk-00403-00101124-00101393 which is brief history so the brief
+PoQgHZJStFk-00404-00101394-00101567 history I'm just going to put that one
+PoQgHZJStFk-00405-00101568-00101968 on top just like that
+PoQgHZJStFk-00406-00101969-00102185 put love on two on top of this like that
+PoQgHZJStFk-00407-00102186-00102466 and that one side should be 14 then I'll
+PoQgHZJStFk-00408-00102467-00102742 let it be somewhere here just like that
+PoQgHZJStFk-00409-00102743-00103042 and that one should also she resect it
+PoQgHZJStFk-00410-00103043-00103415 yes she resected on that particular page
+PoQgHZJStFk-00411-00103416-00103642 and then I'll head over to the this
+PoQgHZJStFk-00412-00103643-00103823 particular list and then I can copy the
+PoQgHZJStFk-00413-00103824-00104034 whole story you know the story is to
+PoQgHZJStFk-00414-00104035-00104290 broads and those kind of things but we
+PoQgHZJStFk-00415-00104291-00104423 just have to manage that so I'm just
+PoQgHZJStFk-00416-00104424-00104747 going to pick my text the text tool over
+PoQgHZJStFk-00417-00104748-00105089 here then I'm just going to draw
+PoQgHZJStFk-00418-00105090-00105358 like this I want all the text to be
+PoQgHZJStFk-00419-00105359-00105545 inside this channel for that but for the
+PoQgHZJStFk-00420-00105546-00105802 totor I said I made this uh
+PoQgHZJStFk-00421-00105803-00106145 try and make it a little bit smaller so
+PoQgHZJStFk-00422-00106146-00106336 I can have it just like that so that
+PoQgHZJStFk-00423-00106338-00106769 everyone can understand the whole thing
+PoQgHZJStFk-00424-00106770-00107147 yes so uh over this particular place I'm
+PoQgHZJStFk-00425-00107148-00107375 just going to make a auto the slider so
+PoQgHZJStFk-00426-00107376-00107597 that everything can easily appear so
+PoQgHZJStFk-00427-00107598-00107758 we're gonna come to paragraph and I'll
+PoQgHZJStFk-00428-00107759-00108028 have it left a line paragraph and just
+PoQgHZJStFk-00429-00108029-00108239 like that over there and then the size
+PoQgHZJStFk-00430-00108240-00108533 two I'll have to make it somewhere 12 so
+PoQgHZJStFk-00431-00108533-00108743 that everything can appear very very
+PoQgHZJStFk-00432-00108744-00108983 well for me yes so when I have something
+PoQgHZJStFk-00433-00108983-00109240 like this over there you can even if the
+PoQgHZJStFk-00434-00109241-00109457 person is still insisting that you
+PoQgHZJStFk-00435-00109458-00109607 should add more things then you just
+PoQgHZJStFk-00436-00109608-00109750 have to make it somewhere
+PoQgHZJStFk-00437-00109751-00109945 [Music]
+PoQgHZJStFk-00438-00109946-00110369 10 even age or six yes so that
+PoQgHZJStFk-00439-00110370-00110608 everything can appear for the person but
+PoQgHZJStFk-00440-00110609-00110777 when it is
+PoQgHZJStFk-00441-00110778-00111052 is open up you can see that it will look
+PoQgHZJStFk-00442-00111053-00111275 nice when after printing it will look so
+PoQgHZJStFk-00443-00111276-00111521 nice for that and then nothing will
+PoQgHZJStFk-00444-00111522-00111736 happen to that particular distance then
+PoQgHZJStFk-00445-00111738-00111881 you can have it just like that over
+PoQgHZJStFk-00446-00111882-00112121 there you get that yes so the next thing
+PoQgHZJStFk-00447-00112122-00112301 again after you have to do is that you
+PoQgHZJStFk-00448-00112302-00112486 have to think that the person who is
+PoQgHZJStFk-00449-00112488-00112673 going to take the book is going to be a
+PoQgHZJStFk-00450-00112674-00112949 student and the person needs a times
+PoQgHZJStFk-00451-00112950-00113128 table so I'm just going to place it I
+PoQgHZJStFk-00452-00113129-00113308 just downloaded a times table then you
+PoQgHZJStFk-00453-00113309-00113578 can also check from that distance and
+PoQgHZJStFk-00454-00113579-00113767 then you can get all the time tables
+PoQgHZJStFk-00455-00113768-00114023 [Music]
+PoQgHZJStFk-00456-00114024-00114263 this is somewhere like that over there
+PoQgHZJStFk-00457-00114264-00114502 and then the person too can also like to
+PoQgHZJStFk-00458-00114503-00114827 know the new history the new uh Ghana
+PoQgHZJStFk-00459-00114828-00115007 regions and those kind of things then
+PoQgHZJStFk-00460-00115008-00115319 you have to face that one to over there
+PoQgHZJStFk-00461-00115320-00115601 just like that I am too fast because I
+PoQgHZJStFk-00462-00115602-00115913 am not feeling well so I just wanna want
+PoQgHZJStFk-00463-00115914-00116128 you to see the concept if you have any
+PoQgHZJStFk-00464-00116129-00116447 problem I can walk you over again so you
+PoQgHZJStFk-00465-00116448-00116608 can have something like this over there
+PoQgHZJStFk-00466-00116609-00116801 and just like that okay
+PoQgHZJStFk-00467-00116802-00117113 as you can see you can see that because
+PoQgHZJStFk-00468-00117114-00117328 of the broad store over here it take
+PoQgHZJStFk-00469-00117329-00117515 over everything so you just have to take
+PoQgHZJStFk-00470-00117516-00117754 your time and work around the text and
+PoQgHZJStFk-00471-00117755-00117977 those things so that it won't take much
+PoQgHZJStFk-00472-00117978-00118331 of your time yes you see like this it
+PoQgHZJStFk-00473-00118332-00118558 will be very difficult to read but
+PoQgHZJStFk-00474-00118559-00118847 because they are insisting you just have
+PoQgHZJStFk-00475-00118848-00119147 to make it that way because maybe they
+PoQgHZJStFk-00476-00119148-00119434 may not need more of a story to appear
+PoQgHZJStFk-00477-00119435-00119765 or they just uh one is a broad story
+PoQgHZJStFk-00478-00119766-00119939 like this so you just have to take your
+PoQgHZJStFk-00479-00119940-00120215 time and then make it very very good for
+PoQgHZJStFk-00480-00120216-00120473 them two years so you have to consider
+PoQgHZJStFk-00481-00120474-00120665 your paragraph and you have to consider
+PoQgHZJStFk-00482-00120666-00120971 everything how it will appear for the
+PoQgHZJStFk-00483-00120972-00121283 reader to also get a everything on that
+PoQgHZJStFk-00484-00121283-00121486 you have to try out all your possible
+PoQgHZJStFk-00485-00121488-00121769 things to understand that so over this
+PoQgHZJStFk-00486-00121770-00121960 particular this particular distance over
+PoQgHZJStFk-00487-00121961-00122171 here I'm just going to drag it up so
+PoQgHZJStFk-00488-00122172-00122495 that I can have it appear very nicely so
+PoQgHZJStFk-00489-00122496-00122686 that they can also read you can also add
+PoQgHZJStFk-00490-00122688-00122951 Baba Raman pictures if star is too small
+PoQgHZJStFk-00491-00122952-00123173 and all that but if the pictures are not
+PoQgHZJStFk-00492-00123174-00123395 too small and all that you just have to
+PoQgHZJStFk-00493-00123396-00123569 try all your best to just make it
+PoQgHZJStFk-00494-00123570-00123778 somewhere like this for them so that it
+PoQgHZJStFk-00495-00123779-00123952 will look so beautiful so you can as you
+PoQgHZJStFk-00496-00123953-00124163 can see the paragraph right here is
+PoQgHZJStFk-00497-00124164-00124408 aligned and it's very very good in the
+PoQgHZJStFk-00498-00124409-00124708 paragraphs and see a paragraph and see a
+PoQgHZJStFk-00499-00124709-00124913 paragraph ends there yes that looks so
+PoQgHZJStFk-00500-00124914-00125110 beautiful for me so you can check
+PoQgHZJStFk-00501-00125111-00125339 through if you have any problem again
+PoQgHZJStFk-00502-00125340-00125663 then you can if there's no problem you
+PoQgHZJStFk-00503-00125664-00125878 can just leave it like that so there is
+PoQgHZJStFk-00504-00125879-00126089 just going to be the exercise book that
+PoQgHZJStFk-00505-00126090-00126269 we are going to use and then you can
+PoQgHZJStFk-00506-00126270-00126454 have it like this and after that you can
+PoQgHZJStFk-00507-00126455-00126702 head over and then save yourself
+PoQgHZJStFk-00508-00126703-00127193 then you save the work as what gpeg over
+PoQgHZJStFk-00509-00127194-00127427 there
+PoQgHZJStFk-00510-00127428-00127660 yes then you can have it just like this
+PoQgHZJStFk-00511-00127661-00127895 so this is our exercise book has been it
+PoQgHZJStFk-00512-00127896-00128116 has been designed in Photoshop with ABM
+PoQgHZJStFk-00513-00128117-00128315 Graphics yes so thank you very much for
+PoQgHZJStFk-00514-00128316-00128483 watching this is avian graphics and have
+PoQgHZJStFk-00515-00128483-00128803 a nice day bye bye
+P3z3_U3gQB4-00000-00000391-00000511 hello
+P3z3_U3gQB4-00001-00000512-00000678 in this brief overview we will be
+P3z3_U3gQB4-00002-00000679-00000815 exploring the key functions and
+P3z3_U3gQB4-00003-00000816-00001103 capabilities of clinical key
+P3z3_U3gQB4-00004-00001104-00001215 but first
+P3z3_U3gQB4-00005-00001216-00001399 it is proven that you start from the wsu
+P3z3_U3gQB4-00006-00001400-00001607 spokane academic library website so that
+P3z3_U3gQB4-00007-00001607-00001751 you will be prompted to log in when
+P3z3_U3gQB4-00008-00001752-00001902 linking to library resources and
+P3z3_U3gQB4-00009-00001903-00002223 databases when necessary
+P3z3_U3gQB4-00010-00002224-00002367 from the spokane academic library
+P3z3_U3gQB4-00011-00002368-00002607 website you can access clinicalkey by
+P3z3_U3gQB4-00012-00002608-00003031 choosing all databases
+P3z3_U3gQB4-00013-00003032-00003238 see
+P3z3_U3gQB4-00014-00003239-00003463 and scrolling down and choosing the
+P3z3_U3gQB4-00015-00003464-00003870 clinical key link
+P3z3_U3gQB4-00016-00003871-00004054 within clinical key
+P3z3_U3gQB4-00017-00004055-00004559 there are links to important topics
+P3z3_U3gQB4-00018-00004560-00004799 and a search bar with a drop down menu
+P3z3_U3gQB4-00019-00004800-00005463 for honing your search results
+P3z3_U3gQB4-00020-00005464-00005670 you can further filter your results from
+P3z3_U3gQB4-00021-00005671-00006038 the sidebar
+P3z3_U3gQB4-00022-00006039-00006206 and once you have chosen
+P3z3_U3gQB4-00023-00006207-00006454 a source
+P3z3_U3gQB4-00024-00006455-00006598 you can quickly link to specific
+P3z3_U3gQB4-00025-00006600-00006767 information within that source from the
+P3z3_U3gQB4-00026-00006768-00007134 sidebar
+P3z3_U3gQB4-00027-00007136-00007334 to aid research it would be prudent to
+P3z3_U3gQB4-00028-00007336-00007863 create an account with clinical key
+P3z3_U3gQB4-00029-00007864-00008039 this way you can access features not
+P3z3_U3gQB4-00030-00008040-00008207 available without a clinical key or
+P3z3_U3gQB4-00031-00008208-00008703 login
+P3z3_U3gQB4-00032-00008704-00008942 the spokane academic library
+P3z3_U3gQB4-00033-00008943-00009110 provides a mobile resources subject
+P3z3_U3gQB4-00034-00009111-00009351 guide on how to set up an account and
+P3z3_U3gQB4-00035-00009352-00009599 use the mobile app
+P3z3_U3gQB4-00036-00009600-00009783 you can access this subject guide by
+P3z3_U3gQB4-00037-00009784-00009895 clicking
+P3z3_U3gQB4-00038-00009896-00010278 medicine
+P3z3_U3gQB4-00039-00010279-00010655 mobile resources guide
+P3z3_U3gQB4-00040-00010656-00011119 and clinical key
+P3z3_U3gQB4-00041-00011120-00011263 i would like to thank you for watching
+P3z3_U3gQB4-00042-00011264-00011463 this brief demonstration and i hope that
+P3z3_U3gQB4-00043-00011464-00011663 it provided you with a clear overview of
+P3z3_U3gQB4-00044-00011664-00012115 what is available in clinical key
+P4VcULPzZpI-00000-00000324-00002325 [Music]
+P4VcULPzZpI-00001-00002326-00003485 [Applause]
+P4VcULPzZpI-00003-00010762-00010901 [Applause]
+P4VcULPzZpI-00004-00010902-00012485 [Music]
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00000-00000440-00000707 hi everyone welcome back to my channel
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00001-00000708-00001037 sugar mama TV I am so proud and pleased
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00002-00001038-00001295 to announce I have a new vlog challenge
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00003-00001296-00001577 coming your way during the month of
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00004-00001578-00001837 frugal February manifesting March I
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00005-00001838-00002110 shared with you my dryer broke and it
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00006-00002111-00002273 ended up taking almost six weeks to be
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00007-00002274-00002401 fixed because I had to wait for like a
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00008-00002402-00002639 part to arrive during that period of
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00009-00002640-00003038 time it rained a lot and my house ended
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00010-00003039-00003251 up looking like a laundromat I had
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00011-00003252-00003503 sheets I had towels I had socks
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00012-00003504-00003728 I had my underwear hanging all over the
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00013-00003729-00004013 house door handles banister rails door
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00014-00004014-00004265 frames it was really embarrassing anyway
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00015-00004266-00004495 during this period it made me realize
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00016-00004496-00004844 how much I take power for granted I just
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00017-00004845-00005000 turn things on and don't think about it
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00018-00005001-00005236 and then it also me realize how much
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00019-00005237-00005441 money do I waste on power and what
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00020-00005442-00005611 things could I do to try and stop that
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00021-00005612-00005854 from happening and then I start to think
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00022-00005855-00006088 about what is the environmental impact
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00023-00006089-00006434 anyway I have decided to do a new vlog
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00024-00006434-00006653 challenge it's an energy-saving vlog
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00025-00006654-00006959 challenge and the good energy guys have
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00026-00006959-00007250 very kindly offered to sponsor and
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00027-00007251-00007471 collaborate with me on this challenge
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00028-00007472-00007805 and I'm so grateful for this because I
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00029-00007806-00008017 don't have a huge amount of knowledge
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00030-00008018-00008201 and information when it comes to power I
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00031-00008202-00008453 find it really very confusing and a
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00032-00008454-00008660 little bit overwhelming but I'm really
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00033-00008661-00008888 determined to reduce the amount of power
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00034-00008889-00009173 but I use and save some money so much so
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00035-00009174-00009395 that for round three of the thousand
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00036-00009396-00009623 dollar project when I work out how much
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00037-00009624-00009896 money I've saved by changing my routines
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00038-00009897-00010264 or my habits I am going to transfer that
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00039-00010265-00010492 estimated savings into the thousand
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00040-00010493-00010721 dollar project account so that all those
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00041-00010722-00011024 savings really do add up now this power
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00042-00011025-00011242 saving challenge isn't just about saving
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00043-00011243-00011534 power and saving money it's also about
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00044-00011535-00011777 my environmental impact looking at
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00045-00011778-00012005 things that I can do to reduce my impact
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00046-00012006-00012098 on the environment
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00047-00012099-00012313 reducing my wastage reducing my
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00048-00012314-00012535 consumption and doing little things to
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00049-00012536-00012886 help create a healthier cleaner you know
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00050-00012887-00013136 better environment for all of us so I'm
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00051-00013137-00013313 so excited about this
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00052-00013313-00013583 please make sure you subscribe and more
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00053-00013584-00013799 importantly I want to hear from you guys
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00054-00013800-00014219 what you are doing to save on power and
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00055-00014219-00014513 save money when it comes to power this
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00056-00014513-00014687 is such an interesting concept there are
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00057-00014688-00014852 so many different things you can do and
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00058-00014853-00015086 I would love it if we can all share our
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00059-00015087-00015383 knowledge and information together so
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00060-00015384-00015566 make sure you put a comment in the
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00061-00015566-00015755 comments box below and of course as I
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00062-00015756-00015913 said make sure you are subscribed
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00063-00015915-00016112 because I'm going to be sharing with you
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00064-00016113-00016415 so many different things that we can all
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00065-00016416-00016613 do together to reduce the amount of
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00066-00016614-00016913 power and save money okay so I'm really
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00067-00016914-00017269 into this power saving a challenge and I
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00068-00017270-00017482 have just checked out the origin energy
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00069-00017483-00017816 saving ater I've entered in all that my
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00070-00017817-00018143 details and it's worked well they've
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00071-00018144-00018389 worked out I could save up to a hundred
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00072-00018390-00018614 and four dollars over the next 90 days
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00073-00018615-00018929 by changing to origin energy but it gets
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00074-00018930-00018983 even better
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00075-00018984-00019226 by signing up I'm gonna get a fifty
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00076-00019227-00019547 dollar bonus credit now I put my energy
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00077-00019548-00019808 usage in and I kind of toned it down and
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00078-00019809-00020042 so I'm thinking my savings is probably
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00079-00020043-00020357 going to be a lot more than this so I'm
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00080-00020358-00020582 actually I'm gonna sign up this is a
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00081-00020583-00020803 no-brainer for saving money and this is
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00082-00020804-00021074 already keep starting my power saving
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00083-00021075-00021299 money saving challenge okay just come
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00084-00021300-00021500 back from a run in the park with
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00085-00021501-00021824 Giuseppe and no power I needed Hummer no
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00086-00021825-00021997 trips to the gym nothing wasted there
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00087-00021998-00022271 and I have decided that I am going to
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00088-00022272-00022603 unplug all these appliances that sitting
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00089-00022604-00022832 on standby about being plugged in and
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00090-00022833-00022985 the switch on even they're not actually
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00091-00022986-00023327 being used still using power which I
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00092-00023328-00023582 don't need so I'm just gone through the
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00093-00023583-00023732 kitchen and about to go upstairs and I'm
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00094-00023733-00023942 gonna unplug everything now there are
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00095-00023943-00024083 some things obviously that I can't
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00096-00024084-00024275 unplug like my fridge in my washing
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00097-00024276-00024425 machine so they will obviously stay on
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00098-00024426-00024653 but everything else I'm going to unplug
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00099-00024654-00024884 I haven't i from the research I've been
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00100-00024885-00025169 doing this won't have a huge effect put
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00101-00025170-00025409 all these little things as we know with
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00102-00025410-00025664 money they all add up over time I'm
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00103-00025664-00025858 literally just about to run out the door
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00104-00025860-00026174 to head off to work and I went to go and
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00105-00026175-00026435 put my dishwasher on so that will clean
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00106-00026436-00026574 the stuff flowers well
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00107-00026575-00026826 anyway does realize we have a peak our
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00108-00026827-00027077 system if I put the dishwasher on now
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00109-00027079-00027318 I'm gonna be charged more so I quickly
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00110-00027319-00027561 jumped online and checked the off-peak
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00111-00027562-00027813 times in my area which is after 8:00
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00112-00027814-00028056 p.m. so from now on I'm gonna make a
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00113-00028057-00028188 really conscious effort to get the
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00114-00028189-00028458 dishwasher the washing machine and any
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00115-00028458-00028698 other major appliance only used will
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00116-00028699-00028860 after 8:00 p.m. or even maybe just
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00117-00028861-00029082 before I go to bed you know at 9:00 p.m.
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00118-00029083-00029264 at night these little things are really
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00119-00029266-00029532 gonna add up and help reduce the amount
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00120-00029533-00029697 of power that I'm using and also one
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00121-00029698-00029874 other little savvy thing I did was I
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00122-00029875-00030114 wash my hair this morning and instead of
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00123-00030114-00030308 standing there for like 20 minutes with
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00124-00030310-00030477 the hairdryer going I let my hair dry
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00125-00030477-00030693 naturally and then just quickly you know
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00126-00030694-00030914 gave it a quick blow-dry for like three
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00127-00030916-00031068 or four minutes that I wasn't using as
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00128-00031069-00031281 much power and you know what it doesn't
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00129-00031282-00031332 look too bad
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00130-00031333-00031557 now also whilst I was doing my research
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00131-00031558-00031854 was as to what my off-peak times are I
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00132-00031855-00032070 also found out that I might be entitled
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00133-00032070-00032385 to a further discount if I switched my
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00134-00032386-00032550 gas so at the moment like I'm I'm
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00135-00032551-00032673 exactly that on my head who my guest
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00136-00032674-00032970 provider is but if I can have my gas
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00137-00032971-00033141 electricity with the same provider there
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00138-00033142-00033378 is a further 15 percent discount I think
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00139-00033379-00033588 it is so my list of things to do today
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00140-00033589-00033789 is to get this sorted because all these
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00141-00033790-00034023 savings are adding up and I'm reducing
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00142-00034024-00034293 my overall consumption of power another
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00143-00034294-00034596 power saving habit I'm creating turning
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00144-00034597-00034788 off all the lights this morning when I
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00145-00034789-00035004 woke up Tom how to get up quite early
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00146-00035005-00035310 and it was still pitch black he left so
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00147-00035311-00035562 many lights on bathroom lights bedroom
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00148-00035563-00035823 lights I study light all the lights on
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00149-00035824-00036060 downstairs he's also really messy and
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00150-00036061-00036189 left all the drawers open but that's not
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00151-00036190-00036234 the point
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00152-00036235-00036603 anyway this is complete waste of money
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00153-00036604-00036783 complete waste of energy bad for the
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00154-00036784-00037002 environment so I'm gonna have a little
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00155-00037003-00037239 chat to him about this habit he's got to
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00156-00037240-00037428 get on board with me and simply turn
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00157-00037429-00037737 lights off for nights where a guy come
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00158-00037738-00038025 home late in it's dark I do hate coming
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00159-00038026-00038211 into a dark cold house I'm gonna go to
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00160-00038212-00038400 the hardware store tomorrow and buy some
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00161-00038401-00038598 of those timers where the lights will
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00162-00038599-00038802 automatically go on at a certain point
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00163-00038803-00039033 but I definitely will not be leaving my
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00164-00039034-00039357 house with any lights on and the one the
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00165-00039358-00039495 few light so I'll choose to put this
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00166-00039496-00039671 timer on I'll make sure that they're you
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00167-00039672-00039846 know strategically placed so their
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00168-00039847-00039927 lights near the
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00169-00039928-00040101 to the house so that I don't have to
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00170-00040102-00040323 have the whole house lit up this is a
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00171-00040324-00040527 big money saving thing and I'm also
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00172-00040528-00040668 going to start looking into some of the
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00173-00040669-00040953 LED light bulbs which I believe are a
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00174-00040954-00041175 little bit more expensive up front but
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00175-00041176-00041399 much better for value over the long run
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00176-00041400-00041601 one of the things I want to do in this
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00177-00041602-00041793 power saving challenge was also reduce
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00178-00041794-00042065 my consumption now the fashion and
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00179-00042066-00042261 textile industry has a lot to answer for
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00180-00042262-00042423 in what it does to our environment and
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00181-00042424-00042678 the amount of power that we use but when
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00182-00042679-00042942 we can just slow down our consumption or
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00183-00042943-00043190 learn to consume in a different ways
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00184-00043191-00043407 such as buying secondhand this
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00185-00043408-00043650 dramatically reduces the environmental
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00186-00043651-00043935 damage as well as saving money now I
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00187-00043936-00044172 have an event to go to and I really
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00188-00044173-00044315 wanted to buy something new because I
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00189-00044316-00044520 literally had nothing to wear also I
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00190-00044521-00044765 like to tell myself but I actually
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00191-00044766-00045063 decided to jump on eBay and I picked up
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00192-00045064-00045324 this amazing Dionne Lee dress which is
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00193-00045325-00045549 one of my favorite designers for one
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00194-00045550-00045825 hundred and twenty dollars now this
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00195-00045826-00046002 dress would normally retail for between
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00196-00046003-00046365 I think 650 maybe even up to 850 so I
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00197-00046366-00046640 picked up a bargain but it feels so good
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00198-00046641-00046800 to know that I am giving this dress
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00199-00046801-00047115 another life it's a very classic simple
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00200-00047116-00047301 black dress that I can dress up and down
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00201-00047302-00047502 so I'm hoping to get plenty of mileage
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00202-00047503-00047715 but what I want to try and say to you
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00203-00047716-00047976 guys who are part of this power saving
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00204-00047977-00048264 challenges have a look at how to new use
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00205-00048265-00048468 things try and stretch the usage of
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00206-00048469-00048663 these things and don't just throw things
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00207-00048664-00048948 in the bin give them to another person
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00208-00048949-00049127 or trying to sell them remember one
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00209-00049128-00049305 man's trash is another man's treasure
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00210-00049306-00049527 and I'll tell you what I am absolutely
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00211-00049528-00049788 loving this little black dress and
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00212-00049789-00050485 loving the bargain as well
+P5S1ehCSuG0-00213-00050486-00050691 you
+P6651IhJGu4-00001-00009873-00009959 [Applause]
+P6651IhJGu4-00003-00030402-00032427 [Music]
+P6651IhJGu4-00005-00036123-00038219 [Music]
+P6651IhJGu4-00007-00045593-00045680 [Applause]
+P6651IhJGu4-00009-00066125-00068149 [Music]
+P6651IhJGu4-00010-00068150-00070492 [Music]
+P80NxIC4Hdk-00000-00000016-00000254 we just discussed how you're a born
+P80NxIC4Hdk-00001-00000256-00000375 performer
+P80NxIC4Hdk-00002-00000376-00000591 um what performances have you been in
+P80NxIC4Hdk-00003-00000592-00000902 maybe what's your favorite one so far
+P80NxIC4Hdk-00004-00000903-00001199 unfortunately for me i kind of started
+P80NxIC4Hdk-00005-00001200-00001439 like my i would say professional
+P80NxIC4Hdk-00006-00001440-00001574 pole training
+P80NxIC4Hdk-00007-00001575-00001902 and then covet hit so i kind of for a
+P80NxIC4Hdk-00008-00001903-00002118 while there we were shut down the studio
+P80NxIC4Hdk-00009-00002119-00002431 was closed um i
+P80NxIC4Hdk-00010-00002432-00002623 was just doing pull at home and trying
+P80NxIC4Hdk-00011-00002624-00002895 to learn from like youtube tutorials and
+P80NxIC4Hdk-00012-00002896-00003126 things like that um and just making sure
+P80NxIC4Hdk-00013-00003127-00003295 i wasn't gonna lose anything that i had
+P80NxIC4Hdk-00014-00003296-00003615 already gained um and i actually did do
+P80NxIC4Hdk-00015-00003615-00003822 an online competition during that time
+P80NxIC4Hdk-00016-00003823-00004054 which is really interesting
+P80NxIC4Hdk-00017-00004055-00004247 um and i feel like it's a great way to
+P80NxIC4Hdk-00018-00004248-00004375 kind of
+P80NxIC4Hdk-00019-00004376-00004647 get your foot in the door so to speak
+P80NxIC4Hdk-00020-00004648-00004759 because
+P80NxIC4Hdk-00021-00004760-00004967 you can retake that however many times
+P80NxIC4Hdk-00022-00004968-00005095 you want before you submit the video
+P80NxIC4Hdk-00023-00005096-00005302 right other than that i mean i would say
+P80NxIC4Hdk-00024-00005303-00005511 as far as like my club days like every
+P80NxIC4Hdk-00025-00005512-00005702 night was a performance you know
+P80NxIC4Hdk-00026-00005703-00006003 everything
+P8qMPdDqmso-00000-00000102-00000551 mcdonnell-douglas Corp V Greene 411 us
+P8qMPdDqmso-00001-00000552-00001056 792 1973 is a US employment law case by
+P8qMPdDqmso-00002-00001057-00001211 the United States Supreme Court
+P8qMPdDqmso-00003-00001212-00001445 regarding the burdens and nature of
+P8qMPdDqmso-00004-00001446-00001710 proof in proving a title 7 case and the
+P8qMPdDqmso-00005-00001711-00001929 order in which plaintiffs and defendants
+P8qMPdDqmso-00006-00001930-00002262 present proof it was the seminal case in
+P8qMPdDqmso-00007-00002263-00002442 the McDonnell Douglas burden-shifting
+P8qMPdDqmso-00008-00002443-00002802 framework title 7 of the Civil Rights
+P8qMPdDqmso-00009-00002803-00003165 Act of 1964 as a United States federal
+P8qMPdDqmso-00010-00003166-00003345 law that prohibits employment
+P8qMPdDqmso-00011-00003346-00003590 discrimination based on race color
+P8qMPdDqmso-00012-00003592-00003899 religion sex or national origin after
+P8qMPdDqmso-00013-00003900-00004191 the Supreme Court ruling the Civil
+P8qMPdDqmso-00014-00004192-00004815 Rights Act of 1991 pub L 102 to 166
+P8qMPdDqmso-00015-00004816-00005091 amended several sections of title 7
+P8qMPdDqmso-00016-00005092-00005295 title 7 prohibits employment
+P8qMPdDqmso-00017-00005296-00005595 discrimination because of certain
+P8qMPdDqmso-00018-00005596-00005936 reasons while because of may be
+P8qMPdDqmso-00019-00005937-00006165 understood in the conversational sense
+P8qMPdDqmso-00020-00006166-00006407 the McDonnell Douglas case was the first
+P8qMPdDqmso-00021-00006408-00007156 landmark case to define this phrase
+P8qMPdDqmso-00022-00007156-00007714 topic facts
+P8qMPdDqmso-00023-00007715-00007892 mcdonnell-douglas was an aerospace
+P8qMPdDqmso-00024-00007893-00008162 company in st. Louis at the time of the
+P8qMPdDqmso-00025-00008163-00008375 lawsuit but has since been acquired by
+P8qMPdDqmso-00026-00008376-00008657 Boeing Percy Green was a black mechanic
+P8qMPdDqmso-00027-00008658-00008885 and laboratory technician laid off by
+P8qMPdDqmso-00028-00008886-00009194 McDonnell Douglas in 1964 during a
+P8qMPdDqmso-00029-00009195-00009422 reduction in force at the company green
+P8qMPdDqmso-00030-00009423-00009647 a longtime activist in the civil rights
+P8qMPdDqmso-00031-00009648-00009872 movement protested that his discharge
+P8qMPdDqmso-00032-00009873-00010226 was racially motivated he and others in
+P8qMPdDqmso-00033-00010227-00010427 a protest referred to in the case
+P8qMPdDqmso-00034-00010428-00010826 history as a stall in used cars to block
+P8qMPdDqmso-00035-00010827-00011071 roads to McDonnell Douglas factories on
+P8qMPdDqmso-00036-00011072-00011371 one occasion someone used a chain to
+P8qMPdDqmso-00037-00011372-00011549 lock the front door of a McDonnell
+P8qMPdDqmso-00038-00011550-00011746 Douglas downtown business office
+P8qMPdDqmso-00039-00011747-00011975 preventing employees from leaving though
+P8qMPdDqmso-00040-00011976-00012170 it was not certain whether Greene was
+P8qMPdDqmso-00041-00012171-00012260 responsible
+P8qMPdDqmso-00042-00012261-00012449 soon after the locked door incident
+P8qMPdDqmso-00043-00012450-00012713 McDonnell Douglas advertised for vacant
+P8qMPdDqmso-00044-00012714-00012950 mechanic positions for which Greene was
+P8qMPdDqmso-00045-00012951-00013268 qualified Greene applied but was not
+P8qMPdDqmso-00046-00013269-00013516 hired with McDonnell Douglas citing his
+P8qMPdDqmso-00047-00013518-00013754 participation in blocking traffic and
+P8qMPdDqmso-00048-00013755-00013897 chaining the building Greene
+P8qMPdDqmso-00049-00013899-00014129 subsequently filed a complaint with the
+P8qMPdDqmso-00050-00014130-00014312 Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
+P8qMPdDqmso-00051-00014313-00014638 EEOC alleging that he had been treated
+P8qMPdDqmso-00052-00014640-00014888 unfairly because of his activity in the
+P8qMPdDqmso-00053-00014888-00015104 civil rights movement but not alleging
+P8qMPdDqmso-00054-00015105-00015458 any outright racial bias he then sued in
+P8qMPdDqmso-00055-00015459-00015674 US District Court on both of those
+P8qMPdDqmso-00056-00015675-00015950 grounds though the EEOC had not made a
+P8qMPdDqmso-00057-00015951-00016175 finding on the latter and later appealed
+P8qMPdDqmso-00058-00016176-00016379 the decision to the US Court of Appeals
+P8qMPdDqmso-00059-00016380-00016586 for the Eighth Circuit before the
+P8qMPdDqmso-00060-00016587-00016763 Supreme Court agreed to hear the case
+P8qMPdDqmso-00061-00016764-00017039 the case was argued in front of the US
+P8qMPdDqmso-00062-00017040-00017255 District Court the US Court of Appeals
+P8qMPdDqmso-00063-00017256-00017504 and in front of the Supreme Court by
+P8qMPdDqmso-00064-00017505-00017725 Lewis Gildan a leading civil rights
+P8qMPdDqmso-00065-00017726-00017984 attorney and solo practitioner from st.
+P8qMPdDqmso-00066-00017985-00018302 Louis the Supreme Court's decision was
+P8qMPdDqmso-00067-00018303-00019067 awarded to Greene in a nine to zero vote
+P8qMPdDqmso-00068-00019068-00019580 topic judgment
+P8qMPdDqmso-00069-00019581-00019791 the Supreme Court held the following
+P8qMPdDqmso-00070-00019792-00020092 delivered by justice Powell a
+P8qMPdDqmso-00071-00020093-00020342 complainants right to bring suit under
+P8qMPdDqmso-00072-00020343-00020652 the Civil Rights Act of 1964 as not
+P8qMPdDqmso-00073-00020653-00020925 confined to charges as to which the EEOC
+P8qMPdDqmso-00074-00020926-00021194 has made a reasonable cause finding and
+P8qMPdDqmso-00075-00021195-00021419 the district courts error in holding to
+P8qMPdDqmso-00076-00021420-00021608 the contrary was not harmless
+P8qMPdDqmso-00077-00021609-00021836 since the issues raised with respect to
+P8qMPdDqmso-00078-00021837-00022187 703 won were not identical to those with
+P8qMPdDqmso-00079-00022188-00022511 respect to 704 and the dismissal of the
+P8qMPdDqmso-00080-00022512-00022712 former charge may have prejudiced
+P8qMPdDqmso-00081-00022713-00023028 respondents efforts at trial in a
+P8qMPdDqmso-00082-00023029-00023286 private non class action complaint under
+P8qMPdDqmso-00083-00023287-00023553 Title 7 charging racial employment
+P8qMPdDqmso-00084-00023554-00023778 discrimination the complainant has the
+P8qMPdDqmso-00085-00023779-00023987 burden of establishing a prima facie
+P8qMPdDqmso-00086-00023988-00024258 case which he can satisfy by showing
+P8qMPdDqmso-00087-00024259-00024480 that I he belongs to a racial minority
+P8qMPdDqmso-00088-00024481-00024771 II he applied and was qualified for a
+P8qMPdDqmso-00089-00024772-00025011 job the employer was trying to fill II
+P8qMPdDqmso-00090-00025012-00025319 though qualified he was rejected and I V
+P8qMPdDqmso-00091-00025320-00025553 thereafter the employer continued to
+P8qMPdDqmso-00092-00025554-00025724 seek applicants with complainant
+P8qMPdDqmso-00093-00025725-00026093 qualifications here the Court of Appeals
+P8qMPdDqmso-00094-00026094-00026331 tho correctly holding that respondent
+P8qMPdDqmso-00095-00026332-00026570 proved a prima facie case erred in
+P8qMPdDqmso-00096-00026572-00026748 holding that petitioner had not
+P8qMPdDqmso-00097-00026749-00026955 discharged its burden of proof in
+P8qMPdDqmso-00098-00026956-00027140 rebuttal by showing that its stated
+P8qMPdDqmso-00099-00027141-00027371 reason for the rehiring refusal was
+P8qMPdDqmso-00100-00027372-00027608 based on respondents illegal activity
+P8qMPdDqmso-00101-00027608-00027885 but on remand respondent must be
+P8qMPdDqmso-00102-00027886-00028118 afforded a fair opportunity of proving
+P8qMPdDqmso-00103-00028119-00028358 that petitioners stated reason was just
+P8qMPdDqmso-00104-00028359-00028577 a pretext for a racially discriminatory
+P8qMPdDqmso-00105-00028578-00028842 decision such as by showing that whites
+P8qMPdDqmso-00106-00028843-00029085 engaging in similar illegal activity
+P8qMPdDqmso-00107-00029086-00029321 were retained or hired by petitioner
+P8qMPdDqmso-00108-00029322-00029580 other evidence that may be relevant
+P8qMPdDqmso-00109-00029581-00029835 depending on the circumstances could
+P8qMPdDqmso-00110-00029836-00030036 include facts that petitioner had
+P8qMPdDqmso-00111-00030037-00030273 discriminated against respondent when he
+P8qMPdDqmso-00112-00030274-00030437 was an employee or followed a
+P8qMPdDqmso-00113-00030438-00030695 discriminatory policy toward minority
+P8qMPdDqmso-00114-00030697-00031280 employees
+P8qMPdDqmso-00115-00031281-00031826 topic significance
+P8qMPdDqmso-00116-00031827-00032095 arguably the most important part of the
+P8qMPdDqmso-00117-00032097-00032305 court's decision as the creation of a
+P8qMPdDqmso-00118-00032306-00032545 framework for the decision of title 7
+P8qMPdDqmso-00119-00032547-00032762 cases where there is only relatively
+P8qMPdDqmso-00120-00032763-00032960 indirect evidence as to whether an
+P8qMPdDqmso-00121-00032961-00033202 employment action was discriminatory in
+P8qMPdDqmso-00122-00033203-00033476 nature the McDonnell Douglas case
+P8qMPdDqmso-00123-00033477-00033686 established that in an employment
+P8qMPdDqmso-00124-00033687-00033989 discrimination case the plaintiff
+P8qMPdDqmso-00125-00033990-00034268 employee must first establish a prima
+P8qMPdDqmso-00126-00034269-00034595 facie case of discrimination the
+P8qMPdDqmso-00127-00034596-00034837 defendant employer must produce evidence
+P8qMPdDqmso-00128-00034838-00035026 of a legitimate non-discriminatory
+P8qMPdDqmso-00129-00035027-00035396 reason for its actions if this occurs
+P8qMPdDqmso-00130-00035397-00035618 then the presumption of discrimination
+P8qMPdDqmso-00131-00035619-00035951 dissipates the plaintiff must then be
+P8qMPdDqmso-00132-00035952-00036173 afforded a fair opportunity to present
+P8qMPdDqmso-00133-00036174-00036364 facts to show an inference of
+P8qMPdDqmso-00134-00036365-00036680 discrimination the plaintiff may do so
+P8qMPdDqmso-00135-00036681-00036887 either by showing that the defendants
+P8qMPdDqmso-00136-00036888-00037112 explanation is insufficient and only a
+P8qMPdDqmso-00137-00037113-00037327 pretext for discrimination or by
+P8qMPdDqmso-00138-00037328-00037532 otherwise proving that the defendants
+P8qMPdDqmso-00139-00037533-00037771 actions used one of the listed unlawful
+P8qMPdDqmso-00140-00037772-00038021 discriminatory parameters in practice
+P8qMPdDqmso-00141-00038022-00038231 the third step is the most difficult
+P8qMPdDqmso-00142-00038232-00038399 step for plaintiffs to achieve
+P8qMPdDqmso-00143-00038400-00038639 successfully this framework differs from
+P8qMPdDqmso-00144-00038640-00038804 earlier strategies for resolving
+P8qMPdDqmso-00145-00038805-00039077 employment discrimination cases in that
+P8qMPdDqmso-00146-00039078-00039281 it affords the employee a lower burden
+P8qMPdDqmso-00147-00039282-00039487 of proof for rebutting an employer's
+P8qMPdDqmso-00148-00039488-00039704 response to the initial prima facie
+P8qMPdDqmso-00149-00039705-00040049 cases instead of questioning whether the
+P8qMPdDqmso-00150-00040050-00040358 employer acted because of an unlawful
+P8qMPdDqmso-00151-00040359-00040633 discriminatory factor the court may now
+P8qMPdDqmso-00152-00040634-00040823 investigate whether the employers
+P8qMPdDqmso-00153-00040824-00041005 proffered reasons for taking the
+P8qMPdDqmso-00154-00041006-00041249 employment action at issue were in fact
+P8qMPdDqmso-00155-00041250-00041489 a pretext since the case was handed down
+P8qMPdDqmso-00156-00041490-00041839 in 1973 all the federal courts have
+P8qMPdDqmso-00157-00041840-00042046 subsequently adopted the order and
+P8qMPdDqmso-00158-00042047-00042295 allocation of proof set out in McDonnell
+P8qMPdDqmso-00159-00042296-00042499 Douglas for all claims of disparate
+P8qMPdDqmso-00160-00042500-00042724 treatment employment discrimination that
+P8qMPdDqmso-00161-00042725-00042937 are not based on direct evidence of
+P8qMPdDqmso-00162-00042938-00043187 discriminatory intent as for the impact
+P8qMPdDqmso-00163-00043188-00043390 of the case on the original plaintiff
+P8qMPdDqmso-00164-00043391-00043607 and defendant the case was remanded to
+P8qMPdDqmso-00165-00043608-00043817 the district court to adjudicate the
+P8qMPdDqmso-00166-00043818-00044012 case in compliance with the Supreme
+P8qMPdDqmso-00167-00044013-00044339 Court's ruling on remand the district
+P8qMPdDqmso-00168-00044340-00044545 court found in favor of McDonnell
+P8qMPdDqmso-00169-00044546-00044864 Douglas that decision was again appealed
+P8qMPdDqmso-00170-00044865-00045026 to the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals
+P8qMPdDqmso-00171-00045027-00045683 and was affirmed
+P8qMPdDqmso-00172-00045684-00046229 topic see also
+P8qMPdDqmso-00173-00046230-00046610 u.s. labor law list of United States
+P8qMPdDqmso-00174-00046611-00047381 Supreme Court cases volume 411
+P8qMPdDqmso-00175-00047382-00048082 topic notes
+P8qMPdDqmso-00176-00048083-00048254 you
+P8qMPdDqmso-00177-00048255-00048826 topic external links
+P8qMPdDqmso-00178-00048827-00049212 text of McDonnell Douglas Corp V green
+P8qMPdDqmso-00179-00049213-00049885 411 us 792 1973 is available from court
+P8qMPdDqmso-00180-00049886-00050137 listener fin la Google Scholar Justia
+P8qMPdDqmso-00181-00050138-00050412 Library of Congress oh yes oral argument
+P8qMPdDqmso-00182-00050413-00050647 audio
+PqNO7cZTEfY-00000-00000053-00000356 the Yale physician associate program
+PqNO7cZTEfY-00001-00000357-00000869 accepted its first class in 1971 the
+PqNO7cZTEfY-00002-00000869-00001070 mission of the program is to educate
+PqNO7cZTEfY-00003-00001071-00001348 individuals to become outstanding
+PqNO7cZTEfY-00004-00001349-00001630 clinicians and to foster leaders who
+PqNO7cZTEfY-00005-00001632-00001864 will serve their communities and advance
+PqNO7cZTEfY-00006-00001866-00002206 the physician assistant PA profession
+PqNO7cZTEfY-00007-00002207-00002591 the program's founder dr. Alfred M
+PqNO7cZTEfY-00008-00002592-00002879 Sadler jr. served as its first director
+PqNO7cZTEfY-00009-00002880-00003361 in 1970 Yale School of Medicine
+PqNO7cZTEfY-00010-00003362-00003705 maintains the only PA program named
+PqNO7cZTEfY-00011-00003706-00004134 physician associate program instead of a
+PqNO7cZTEfY-00012-00004135-00004486 physician's assistant program in the
+PqNO7cZTEfY-00013-00004487-00004741 United States as it predates the
+PqNO7cZTEfY-00014-00004742-00005020 formation of the accreditation body and
+PqNO7cZTEfY-00015-00005021-00005341 has elected to retain its original name
+PqNO7cZTEfY-00016-00005342-00005650 note that despite the difference in name
+PqNO7cZTEfY-00017-00005651-00005932 graduates of the program will take the
+PqNO7cZTEfY-00018-00005933-00006200 physician assistant national certifying
+PqNO7cZTEfY-00019-00006201-00006448 exam and will be called a physician
+PqNO7cZTEfY-00020-00006450-00007164 assistant when practicing
+PqNO7cZTEfY-00021-00007165-00007727 topic academics
+PqNO7cZTEfY-00022-00007728-00008069 completion of the 28-month curriculum
+PqNO7cZTEfY-00023-00008070-00008365 results in award of a master's degree
+PqNO7cZTEfY-00024-00008366-00008699 the education as divided into two
+PqNO7cZTEfY-00025-00008700-00009031 portions a didactic and clinical phase
+PqNO7cZTEfY-00026-00009032-00009314 the Faculty of the Yale School of
+PqNO7cZTEfY-00027-00009315-00009644 Medicine provides the education which is
+PqNO7cZTEfY-00028-00009645-00009920 coordinated by the physician associate
+PqNO7cZTEfY-00029-00009921-00010321 program core faculty the didactic year
+PqNO7cZTEfY-00030-00010322-00010649 includes clinical and basic sciences as
+PqNO7cZTEfY-00031-00010650-00010907 well as courses in research methods
+PqNO7cZTEfY-00032-00010908-00011294 ethics and physical examination the
+PqNO7cZTEfY-00033-00011295-00011588 clinical phase as 15 months in duration
+PqNO7cZTEfY-00034-00011589-00011966 with 13 1 month rotations and two months
+PqNO7cZTEfY-00035-00011967-00012380 for research Yale University requires
+PqNO7cZTEfY-00036-00012381-00012668 all graduates to complete an original
+PqNO7cZTEfY-00037-00012669-00012905 thesis under the mentorship of the
+PqNO7cZTEfY-00038-00012906-00013235 School of Medicine faculty many
+PqNO7cZTEfY-00039-00013236-00013493 graduates have pursued this research
+PqNO7cZTEfY-00040-00013494-00013786 topic through a Yale Downs fellowship
+PqNO7cZTEfY-00041-00013787-00014111 this fellowship provides the student
+PqNO7cZTEfY-00042-00014112-00014375 with an opportunity to act out his/her
+PqNO7cZTEfY-00043-00014376-00014647 ideas in an international underserved
+PqNO7cZTEfY-00044-00014648-00015071 setting the PA program offers a joint
+PqNO7cZTEfY-00045-00015072-00015515 degree M MSC mph with the Yale School of
+PqNO7cZTEfY-00046-00015516-00016025 Public Health in 2015 rankings by USNews
+PqNO7cZTEfY-00047-00016026-00016283 of the best physician's assistant
+PqNO7cZTEfY-00048-00016284-00016600 program Yale was ranked number 20 with
+PqNO7cZTEfY-00049-00016601-00016877 Midwestern university Northeastern
+PqNO7cZTEfY-00050-00016878-00017128 University rosalind Franklin University
+PqNO7cZTEfY-00051-00017129-00017608 and University of Southern California in
+PqNO7cZTEfY-00052-00017609-00018044 2013 James Jim Van Reba ganas program
+PqNO7cZTEfY-00053-00018045-00018328 director after previously having that
+PqNO7cZTEfY-00054-00018329-00018628 position at Northwestern University this
+PqNO7cZTEfY-00055-00018629-00018872 leadership change has ushered in an
+PqNO7cZTEfY-00056-00018873-00019166 innovative era at the PA program with
+PqNO7cZTEfY-00057-00019167-00019394 enhanced use of technology and
+PqNO7cZTEfY-00058-00019395-00019828 problem-based learning in 2015 the
+PqNO7cZTEfY-00059-00019829-00020114 program received national headline as
+PqNO7cZTEfY-00060-00020115-00020344 they began development of a distance
+PqNO7cZTEfY-00061-00020345-00020655 learning format for medical education
+PqNO7cZTEfY-00062-00020656-00021002 this program development has not been
+PqNO7cZTEfY-00063-00021003-00021116 without controversy
+PqNO7cZTEfY-00064-00021117-00021404 as alumni have expressed concern over
+PqNO7cZTEfY-00065-00021405-00021697 increased enrollment and the merits of
+PqNO7cZTEfY-00066-00021698-00022061 distance education the development of
+PqNO7cZTEfY-00067-00022062-00022330 this program is potentially delayed as
+PqNO7cZTEfY-00068-00022331-00022643 the PA accreditation body identified
+PqNO7cZTEfY-00069-00022644-00022937 class expansion occurred too recently
+PqNO7cZTEfY-00070-00022938-00023679 for the Yale PA program
+PqNO7cZTEfY-00071-00023680-00024244 topic international
+PqNO7cZTEfY-00072-00024245-00024553 the PA program keeps with the Yale
+PqNO7cZTEfY-00073-00024554-00024875 University global focus and encourages
+PqNO7cZTEfY-00074-00024876-00025222 students to study internationally the
+PqNO7cZTEfY-00075-00025223-00025534 program currently has clinical sites in
+PqNO7cZTEfY-00076-00025535-00025939 Uganda Peru Central America and the UK
+PqNO7cZTEfY-00077-00025939-00026320 in recent years students have studied in
+PqNO7cZTEfY-00078-00026322-00026564 five continents and faculty are
+PqNO7cZTEfY-00079-00026564-00026804 frequently consulted in the global
+PqNO7cZTEfY-00080-00026805-00027670 development of PA and medical education
+PqNO7cZTEfY-00081-00027671-00028237 topic admissions
+PqNO7cZTEfY-00082-00028238-00028562 acceptance as extremely selective the
+PqNO7cZTEfY-00083-00028563-00028862 common application for PA schools as
+PqNO7cZTEfY-00084-00028863-00029237 used by Yale the PA program receives
+PqNO7cZTEfY-00085-00029238-00029582 over 1,000 applicants for approximately
+PqNO7cZTEfY-00086-00029583-00030220 40 seats
+PqNO7cZTEfY-00087-00030222-00030761 topic alumni
+PqNO7cZTEfY-00088-00030762-00031037 alumni have found their way into
+PqNO7cZTEfY-00089-00031038-00031275 influential positions within the
+PqNO7cZTEfY-00090-00031276-00031650 healthcare system many graduates are in
+PqNO7cZTEfY-00091-00031651-00031926 leadership positions within medicine and
+PqNO7cZTEfY-00092-00031927-00032262 Beyond several past presidents of the
+PqNO7cZTEfY-00093-00032263-00032742 AAP AR Yale PA alumni
+Ps7JYV6TAe0-00001-00003351-00003538 [Applause]
+Ps7JYV6TAe0-00002-00003539-00004164 [Music]
+Ps7JYV6TAe0-00004-00013784-00013969 [Applause]
+Ps7JYV6TAe0-00005-00013971-00014546 [Music]
+Ps7JYV6TAe0-00007-00024186-00024373 [Applause]
+Ps7JYV6TAe0-00008-00024374-00024999 [Music]
+Ps7JYV6TAe0-00010-00034635-00034822 [Applause]
+Ps7JYV6TAe0-00012-00045077-00045264 [Applause]
+Ps7JYV6TAe0-00014-00055547-00055734 [Applause]
+Ps7JYV6TAe0-00015-00055735-00056360 [Music]
+Ps7JYV6TAe0-00017-00065989-00066176 [Applause]
+Ps7JYV6TAe0-00018-00066177-00066802 [Music]
+PumwKT7tscU-00000-00000051-00000295 max telecom as a mobile
+PumwKT7tscU-00001-00000296-00000524 telecommunications company an internet
+PumwKT7tscU-00002-00000525-00000935 service provider ISP in Bulgaria it was
+PumwKT7tscU-00003-00000936-00001261 launched in October 2007 by craz Amir
+PumwKT7tscU-00004-00001262-00001481 stotch EV the founder of Bulgaria's
+PumwKT7tscU-00005-00001482-00001907 first GSM operator mobile tel in 1994 as
+PumwKT7tscU-00006-00001907-00002312 max telecom max Telecom has license for
+PumwKT7tscU-00007-00002313-00002560 operating the telecommunication services
+PumwKT7tscU-00008-00002561-00002837 through a network of point-to-multipoint
+PumwKT7tscU-00009-00002838-00003098 with national coverage the service is
+PumwKT7tscU-00010-00003099-00003386 also known as WiMAX this type of network
+PumwKT7tscU-00011-00003386-00003608 allows the building of high-speed and
+PumwKT7tscU-00012-00003609-00003890 reliable connection also it gives
+PumwKT7tscU-00013-00003890-00004136 opportunity to offer a wide range of
+PumwKT7tscU-00014-00004137-00004367 fixed and mobile services including
+PumwKT7tscU-00015-00004368-00004634 internet access Virtual Private Networks
+PumwKT7tscU-00016-00004635-00004981 VPN voice services video services and
+PumwKT7tscU-00017-00004982-00005320 IPTV the company is the first to launch
+PumwKT7tscU-00018-00005321-00005616 commercial LTE network in Bulgaria in
+PumwKT7tscU-00019-00005617-00005941 May the company rebranded with new logo
+PumwKT7tscU-00020-00005942-00006343 and began promoting itself simply as max
+PumwKT7tscU-00021-00006344-00006722 the company was begun in 2005 after a
+PumwKT7tscU-00022-00006723-00007064 why max license was secured the company
+PumwKT7tscU-00023-00007065-00007289 is thus Bulgaria's fourth mobile and
+PumwKT7tscU-00024-00007290-00007715 first 4G network as of September 2008
+PumwKT7tscU-00025-00007716-00007955 coverage included most of the country's
+PumwKT7tscU-00026-00007956-00008198 larger cities one telephone numbers in
+PumwKT7tscU-00027-00008199-00008665 the network begin with the koto 999 - in
+PumwKT7tscU-00028-00008666-00009014 March 2014 the company announced that it
+PumwKT7tscU-00029-00009015-00009260 has switched to LTE due to economic
+PumwKT7tscU-00030-00009261-00009434 reasons and that it will be ready to
+PumwKT7tscU-00031-00009435-00009707 launch its LTE summer 2014 for the
+PumwKT7tscU-00032-00009708-00010016 customers in the conference it was also
+PumwKT7tscU-00033-00010017-00010202 mentioned for the first time that
+PumwKT7tscU-00034-00010203-00010427 Netflix will be available in Bulgaria
+PumwKT7tscU-00035-00010428-00010748 again summer the same year this however
+PumwKT7tscU-00036-00010749-00010997 was never confirmed by any official from
+PumwKT7tscU-00037-00010998-00011267 Netflix but official page was created on
+PumwKT7tscU-00038-00011268-00011579 the 17th of March 2014 confirming that
+PumwKT7tscU-00039-00011580-00011786 the company plans to start its service
+PumwKT7tscU-00040-00011787-00012149 soon no specific date given citation
+PumwKT7tscU-00041-00012150-00012434 needed will be providing it soon
+PumwKT7tscU-00042-00012435-00012776 on May 21st 2014 an official press
+PumwKT7tscU-00043-00012777-00013037 conference max Telecom unveiled brand
+PumwKT7tscU-00044-00013038-00013294 new logo and changed its name dropping
+PumwKT7tscU-00045-00013295-00013513 the telecom and leaving the simple max
+PumwKT7tscU-00046-00013513-00013780 it also announced the launch of the
+PumwKT7tscU-00047-00013781-00014153 first LTE network in Bulgaria currently
+PumwKT7tscU-00048-00014154-00014441 only six cities are covered sofia Stara
+PumwKT7tscU-00049-00014441-00014866 Zagora Sliven Bansko ruse and Pleven the
+PumwKT7tscU-00050-00014868-00015176 plan offered as 4g for you which gives
+PumwKT7tscU-00051-00015177-00015437 customers up to 30 gigabytes a month at
+PumwKT7tscU-00052-00015438-00015677 full speed we're available for very low
+PumwKT7tscU-00053-00015678-00016013 price paid once the promotion ends on
+PumwKT7tscU-00054-00016013-00016319 the 30th of June the 30 gigabytes will
+PumwKT7tscU-00055-00016319-00016502 be available to the 30th of September
+PumwKT7tscU-00056-00016503-00016712 when all current sims will be
+PumwKT7tscU-00057-00016713-00016904 deactivated and new plans will be
+PumwKT7tscU-00058-00016905-00017219 offered probably they will offer volt by
+PumwKT7tscU-00059-00017220-00017578 then max telecom is launching its volt
+PumwKT7tscU-00060-00017579-00017792 service based on the popular open-source
+PumwKT7tscU-00061-00017793-00018146 sip server Camellia with this innovative
+PumwKT7tscU-00062-00018147-00018353 approach they will be one of the first
+PumwKT7tscU-00063-00018354-00018575 mobile operators in the world who will
+PumwKT7tscU-00064-00018576-00018959 rely on open source technology on July
+PumwKT7tscU-00065-00018960-00019144 28th 2015
+PumwKT7tscU-00066-00019145-00019388 M tel and Max have signed a contract for
+PumwKT7tscU-00067-00019389-00019652 national roaming this is the first
+PumwKT7tscU-00068-00019653-00019859 agreement for sharing networks in the
+PumwKT7tscU-00069-00019860-00020544 Bulgarian telecom market
+PumwKT7tscU-00070-00020545-00021066 topic coverage
+PumwKT7tscU-00071-00021067-00021435 as of May 2014 WiMAX network has full
+PumwKT7tscU-00072-00021436-00021687 coverage in the following cities Sofia
+PumwKT7tscU-00073-00021688-00022044 Plovdiv pays urging Burgas Varna Sliven
+PumwKT7tscU-00074-00022045-00022353 Blago grant Veliko Tarnovo a Sanath
+PumwKT7tscU-00075-00022354-00022704 grant nikka Pernik sandinsky houston
+PumwKT7tscU-00076-00022705-00023034 deal Petrus Bankia Nessa BRR Costin
+PumwKT7tscU-00077-00023035-00023294 broad in the resort's bansko Pam poor
+PumwKT7tscU-00078-00023295-00023571 ovo golden sands sunny beach and the
+PumwKT7tscU-00079-00023572-00023835 villages near Sofia Vlad aya bistrica
+PumwKT7tscU-00080-00023836-00024180 Drago left she and boy Jana since July
+PumwKT7tscU-00081-00024181-00024486 2015 the newest towns to join the max
+PumwKT7tscU-00082-00024487-00024797 network include qivana Baltic absorb
+PumwKT7tscU-00083-00024798-00025107 sunny beach knees bar pomorie chair no
+PumwKT7tscU-00084-00025108-00025449 Moretz says Opel primorsko Laza Nets on
+PumwKT7tscU-00085-00025450-00025755 Apple and Zara Val along with its
+PumwKT7tscU-00086-00025756-00026047 existing network in golden sands Street
+PumwKT7tscU-00087-00026048-00026304 Constantine and Elena and last year's
+PumwKT7tscU-00088-00026305-00026627 Varna and Burgas max now offers 4G LTE
+PumwKT7tscU-00089-00026629-00026927 in the most visited seaside resorts on
+PumwKT7tscU-00090-00026929-00027120 the Bulgarian Black Sea coast
+PumwKT7tscU-00091-00027120-00027464 in addition Elin Pelin and Bo Jewish D
+PumwKT7tscU-00092-00027466-00027756 located near Sofia also become part of
+PumwKT7tscU-00093-00027757-00028022 max coverage
+Pv9Ii9Ok4Nc-00000-00000036-00000058 [Music]
+Pv9Ii9Ok4Nc-00001-00000059-00000775 foreign
+Pv9Ii9Ok4Nc-00002-00000776-00001265 Ty we are 501c3 States wide non-profit
+Pv9Ii9Ok4Nc-00003-00001266-00001547 organization that celebrates the
+Pv9Ii9Ok4Nc-00004-00001548-00001859 diversity of you know disabilities we
+Pv9Ii9Ok4Nc-00005-00001860-00002171 also see it as just a natural part of
+Pv9Ii9Ok4Nc-00006-00002172-00002471 the human experience we see disability
+Pv9Ii9Ok4Nc-00007-00002472-00002873 as just part of your a person's identity
+Pv9Ii9Ok4Nc-00008-00002874-00003467 just as much as their race or gender
+Pv9Ii9Ok4Nc-00009-00003468-00003640 thank you
+Pv9Ii9Ok4Nc-00010-00003642-00004127 lean is a leadership program we are a
+Pv9Ii9Ok4Nc-00011-00004128-00004481 program specifically for the bipod
+Pv9Ii9Ok4Nc-00012-00004482-00004804 Community black indigenous people of
+Pv9Ii9Ok4Nc-00013-00004805-00005285 color we do leadership work trainings uh
+Pv9Ii9Ok4Nc-00014-00005286-00005572 for that respective Community lead
+Pv9Ii9Ok4Nc-00015-00005573-00005788 stands for leadership engagement and
+Pv9Ii9Ok4Nc-00016-00005789-00005975 advocacy development considering the
+Pv9Ii9Ok4Nc-00017-00005976-00006202 bipack community one of the issue is
+Pv9Ii9Ok4Nc-00018-00006203-00006418 what it means for them to be in that
+Pv9Ii9Ok4Nc-00019-00006419-00006695 intersection of having a disability and
+Pv9Ii9Ok4Nc-00020-00006695-00007001 being a person of color and navigate the
+Pv9Ii9Ok4Nc-00021-00007002-00007337 system sometimes that that navigation is
+Pv9Ii9Ok4Nc-00022-00007338-00007559 quite challenging what we have seen in
+Pv9Ii9Ok4Nc-00023-00007559-00007841 the past is these communities don't have
+Pv9Ii9Ok4Nc-00024-00007842-00007984 the information
+Pv9Ii9Ok4Nc-00025-00007986-00008363 or sometimes because of how the services
+Pv9Ii9Ok4Nc-00026-00008364-00008542 are set up whether it's because of the
+Pv9Ii9Ok4Nc-00027-00008543-00008819 time of day whether it's because of lack
+Pv9Ii9Ok4Nc-00028-00008820-00009083 of cultural sensitivity in terms of how
+Pv9Ii9Ok4Nc-00029-00009084-00009437 the programs are designed it might not
+Pv9Ii9Ok4Nc-00030-00009438-00009814 be as inviting for people of color being
+Pv9Ii9Ok4Nc-00031-00009815-00010153 in a lean program was a very
+Pv9Ii9Ok4Nc-00032-00010154-00010355 enlightening process I got an
+Pv9Ii9Ok4Nc-00033-00010356-00010613 opportunity to meet other people from
+Pv9Ii9Ok4Nc-00034-00010614-00010919 different backgrounds I learned a lot of
+Pv9Ii9Ok4Nc-00035-00010920-00011213 the technical pieces regarding
+Pv9Ii9Ok4Nc-00036-00011214-00011483 disability anyways that you know it
+Pv9Ii9Ok4Nc-00037-00011484-00011777 because you live it but the theory
+Pv9Ii9Ok4Nc-00038-00011778-00011951 behind a lot of that stuff you really
+Pv9Ii9Ok4Nc-00039-00011952-00012292 don't know so it was it was empowering
+Pv9Ii9Ok4Nc-00040-00012293-00012574 some of my babies are have special needs
+Pv9Ii9Ok4Nc-00041-00012575-00012893 I was left to figure out things for
+Pv9Ii9Ok4Nc-00042-00012894-00013180 myself I had never heard of celiac
+Pv9Ii9Ok4Nc-00043-00013181-00013421 never heard of a gluten allergy and
+Pv9Ii9Ok4Nc-00044-00013422-00013672 that's something that my daughter has
+Pv9Ii9Ok4Nc-00045-00013673-00013907 and there was no support for me the lead
+Pv9Ii9Ok4Nc-00046-00013908-00014194 program really showed me how to show up
+Pv9Ii9Ok4Nc-00047-00014195-00014413 in community it talked about
+Pv9Ii9Ok4Nc-00048-00014413-00014644 intersectionality and it was just really
+Pv9Ii9Ok4Nc-00049-00014645-00015011 important that I bring what was taught
+Pv9Ii9Ok4Nc-00050-00015012-00015299 to me into spaces of non you know
+Pv9Ii9Ok4Nc-00051-00015300-00015569 non-disability spaces just being able to
+Pv9Ii9Ok4Nc-00052-00015569-00015833 recognize our differences and so this is
+Pv9Ii9Ok4Nc-00053-00015834-00016055 really like helped to me to become a
+Pv9Ii9Ok4Nc-00054-00016056-00016283 stronger leader and be an advocate in
+Pv9Ii9Ok4Nc-00055-00016284-00016505 spaces that don't see people with
+Pv9Ii9Ok4Nc-00056-00016506-00016780 disabilities they're invisible my hope
+Pv9Ii9Ok4Nc-00057-00016781-00017171 is to explain and the program to
+Pv9Ii9Ok4Nc-00058-00017172-00017519 different Urban sectors across you know
+Pv9Ii9Ok4Nc-00059-00017520-00017729 the state of Michigan helping people
+Pv9Ii9Ok4Nc-00060-00017730-00018053 advocate for the changes that they need
+Pv9Ii9Ok4Nc-00061-00018054-00018430 give them access to information that
+Pv9Ii9Ok4Nc-00062-00018431-00018725 will better their lives either educate
+Pv9Ii9Ok4Nc-00063-00018726-00019058 around disability
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00000-00000000-00000515 [Music]
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00001-00000516-00000792 do you think you're in an emotionally
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00002-00000793-00001044 abusive relationship according to one
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00003-00001045-00001344 love organization emotional abuse is any
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00004-00001345-00001560 abusive behavior that includes verbal
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00005-00001561-00001877 aggression intimidation manipulation and
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00006-00001878-00002211 humiliation does your partner friend or
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00007-00002212-00002385 family member show signs of emotional
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00008-00002386-00002697 abuse here are 14 subtle signs of
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00009-00002698-00002988 emotional abuse in relationships one
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00010-00002989-00003279 they blame you for things it's a sign of
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00011-00003279-00003468 abuse if your partner blames you for the
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00012-00003469-00003656 things they've done the avoid
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00013-00003657-00003867 responsibility and say things like you
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00014-00003868-00004061 made me do it or it's your fault this
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00015-00004063-00004466 happened to they avoid certain topic
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00016-00004467-00004665 does it feel like you're walking on
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00017-00004666-00004887 eggshells around your partner it's a
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00018-00004888-00005061 sign if you have to stay quiet about
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00019-00005062-00005244 things that bother you and fear it will
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00020-00005245-00005625 trigger your partner 3 they control how
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00021-00005626-00005895 you act abusers might control how you
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00022-00005896-00006066 act by telling you that they're just
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00023-00006067-00006129 being helpful
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00024-00006130-00006320 even if it sounds like they're being
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00025-00006321-00006506 supportive they're still trying to
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00026-00006507-00006873 manipulate your behavior or they change
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00027-00006873-00007119 your plans abusers will change your
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00028-00007120-00007263 plans without telling you to keep their
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00029-00007264-00007514 control over you it may surprise you
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00030-00007515-00007623 when you're supposed to be meeting your
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00031-00007623-00007911 friends so you have to cancel in time
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00032-00007912-00008055 you might find yourself dependent on
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00033-00008056-00008445 them on what to do 5 they're emotionally
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00034-00008446-00008637 available one moment and distant the
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00035-00008638-00008892 next is it hard to talk to them because
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00036-00008893-00009009 they keep shifting from being
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00037-00009010-00009210 emotionally available to unavailable
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00038-00009211-00009483 they don't offer any explanation or they
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00039-00009484-00009684 deny their behavior it keeps you
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00040-00009685-00010014 guessing and in fear of them sakes
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00041-00010015-00010374 they say hurtful things as a joke it's a
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00042-00010375-00010539 sign of emotional abuse when they say
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00043-00010540-00010719 things they know will hurt you but then
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00044-00010720-00010953 play it off as a joke they ignore your
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00045-00010954-00011130 feelings and make you doubt yourself and
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00046-00011131-00011496 your self-worth 7 they make you guess
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00047-00011497-00011751 what they want you're not a mind reader
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00048-00011752-00011910 and having a partner that expects you to
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00049-00011911-00012042 know what they want all the time is
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00050-00012043-00012312 childish and immature a healthy
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00051-00012313-00012428 relationship is built on open
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00052-00012429-00012858 communication not assumptions 8 they
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00053-00012859-00013091 ignore your feelings instead of
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00054-00013092-00013257 recognizing when something hurts you
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00055-00013258-00013449 they say that you're being too sensitive
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00056-00013450-00013730 or emotional this form of abuse may
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00057-00013731-00013828 leave you feeling
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00058-00013829-00014019 used and you may start to doubt your own
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00059-00014020-00014527 feelings 9 it gas late you gas lighting
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00060-00014528-00014716 is when someone lies about what and how
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00061-00014716-00014869 things happened so you doubt your own
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00062-00014869-00015159 reality they may say things like this
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00063-00015160-00015369 never happened or you remember it wrong
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00064-00015370-00015703 to confuse you this form of abuse will
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00065-00015704-00015891 leave you dependent on your partner for
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00066-00015893-00016186 everything 10 they act differently when
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00067-00016187-00016453 you're with other people there are two
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00068-00016454-00016669 ways your abuser may act they may be
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00069-00016670-00016861 caring and considerate in public to fool
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00070-00016862-00017100 everyone or they might be distant and
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00071-00017101-00017286 unloving as a way to control how you
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00072-00017287-00017580 behave with your friends and family 11
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00073-00017581-00017974 our love is conditional saying they
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00074-00017975-00018114 don't love you when you disagree or
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00075-00018115-00018312 argue is the sign of emotional abuse it
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00076-00018313-00018531 bases the relationship on validation
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00077-00018532-00018721 instead of connection and implies that
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00078-00018722-00018912 you're only worthy of love when you do
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00079-00018913-00019242 what they want 12 they ignore your
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00080-00019243-00019497 accomplishments abusers may feel
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00081-00019498-00019672 threatened by your accomplishments and
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00082-00019673-00019858 so instead of recognizing the work
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00083-00019859-00020083 you've done they downplay or even ignore
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00084-00020084-00020317 it altogether they might say things like
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00085-00020318-00020640 that's easy anyone can do that or it
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00086-00020641-00020802 isn't a big deal
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00087-00020803-00021234 13 they imply you're not helpful abusers
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00088-00021235-00021400 will tell you what to do and what to
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00089-00021401-00021543 think to control your thoughts and
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00090-00021544-00021796 behaviors they hide this by making it
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00091-00021797-00021958 seem that you aren't helpful or that
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00092-00021959-00022318 you're selfish and 14 they need to know
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00093-00022319-00022581 where you are but they constantly ask
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00094-00022582-00022764 you where you are and who you're with
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00095-00022765-00022983 constantly checking up on you is a form
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00096-00022984-00023139 of control since they want to know all
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00097-00023140-00023386 of your movements all the time it shows
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00098-00023387-00023544 that they don't trust you or your
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00099-00023545-00023830 judgement do you see any of these signs
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00100-00023831-00024069 in your relationships let us know in the
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00101-00024070-00024321 comments below also remember to like and
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00102-00024322-00024462 share this video with those who might
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00103-00024463-00024546 benefit from it
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00104-00024547-00024768 the references in studies used in this
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00105-00024769-00024959 video are added in the description below
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00106-00024960-00025189 thanks for watching and we'll see you in
+PvmyfKf9Qrc-00107-00025190-00025456 the next video
+Pv_cdULXQvA-00000-00000162-00000943 [Music]
+Pv_cdULXQvA-00001-00000944-00001069 so
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+Pv_cdULXQvA-00003-00002184-00002302 so
+Pv_cdULXQvA-00004-00002303-00003519 [Music]
+Pv_cdULXQvA-00005-00003520-00003700 so
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+Pv_cdULXQvA-00008-00004944-00005124 so
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+Pv_cdULXQvA-00015-00011375-00011584 you
+PwlpHcanUUM-00000-00001607-00001998 this is black cords productions
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+PwlpHcanUUM-00020-00021887-00022095 you
+Pw-5acaAuno-00000-00001655-00001902 my name is stan lenander
+Pw-5acaAuno-00001-00001903-00002063 i'm president of the future link
+Pw-5acaAuno-00002-00002064-00002407 foundation and i am from sweden
+Pw-5acaAuno-00003-00002408-00002615 i would like for all people on earth and
+Pw-5acaAuno-00004-00002616-00002783 especially myself to be able to
+Pw-5acaAuno-00005-00002784-00003110 experience the earth live as it looks
+Pw-5acaAuno-00006-00003111-00003406 right now to see that on a flat screen
+Pw-5acaAuno-00007-00003407-00003711 at home in schools in libraries so that
+Pw-5acaAuno-00008-00003711-00003919 we can see this magnificent planet that
+Pw-5acaAuno-00009-00003920-00004254 we're all living on right now live
+Pw-5acaAuno-00010-00004255-00004486 imagine that you've just taken off
+Pw-5acaAuno-00011-00004487-00004622 on your first
+Pw-5acaAuno-00012-00004623-00004879 space mission into outer space
+Pw-5acaAuno-00013-00004880-00005079 and you look out the window and for the
+Pw-5acaAuno-00014-00005080-00005335 first time in your life
+Pw-5acaAuno-00015-00005336-00005775 you see the whole earth at one time
+Pw-5acaAuno-00016-00005776-00006015 those who have had this experience
+Pw-5acaAuno-00017-00006016-00006367 they were deeply touched
+Pw-5acaAuno-00018-00006368-00006703 the american iranian space tourist
+Pw-5acaAuno-00019-00006704-00006895 anushay ansari
+Pw-5acaAuno-00020-00006895-00007046 put it this way
+Pw-5acaAuno-00021-00007047-00007287 if people could see earth from up here
+Pw-5acaAuno-00022-00007288-00007487 see it without those borders see it
+Pw-5acaAuno-00023-00007488-00007655 without any differences in race or
+Pw-5acaAuno-00024-00007656-00007759 religion
+Pw-5acaAuno-00025-00007759-00007895 they would have a completely different
+Pw-5acaAuno-00026-00007895-00008103 perspective because when you see it from
+Pw-5acaAuno-00027-00008104-00008223 that angle
+Pw-5acaAuno-00028-00008224-00008439 you cannot think of your home or your
+Pw-5acaAuno-00029-00008440-00008823 country all you can see is one earth
+Pw-5acaAuno-00030-00008824-00009055 another astronaut donald williams after
+Pw-5acaAuno-00031-00009056-00009303 he returned from space said
+Pw-5acaAuno-00032-00009304-00009455 for those who have seen the earth from
+Pw-5acaAuno-00033-00009456-00009678 space and for the hundreds and perhaps
+Pw-5acaAuno-00034-00009679-00009878 thousands more who will
+Pw-5acaAuno-00035-00009879-00010071 the experience most certainly changes
+Pw-5acaAuno-00036-00010072-00010263 your perspective
+Pw-5acaAuno-00037-00010264-00010463 the things that we share in our world
+Pw-5acaAuno-00038-00010464-00010646 are far more valuable than those that
+Pw-5acaAuno-00039-00010647-00010910 divide us
+Pw-5acaAuno-00040-00010911-00011110 it is this experience that we wish
+Pw-5acaAuno-00041-00011111-00011327 everybody on earth to share
+Pw-5acaAuno-00042-00011328-00011559 not just as a photograph
+Pw-5acaAuno-00043-00011560-00011831 but as continuous live images in high
+Pw-5acaAuno-00044-00011832-00011974 resolution
+Pw-5acaAuno-00045-00011975-00012206 so that we can see and live with the
+Pw-5acaAuno-00046-00012207-00012383 earth
+Pw-5acaAuno-00047-00012384-00012663 as it slowly turns on its axes as it
+Pw-5acaAuno-00048-00012664-00012927 tilts toward and away from the sun as
+Pw-5acaAuno-00049-00012928-00013166 the seasons change
+Pw-5acaAuno-00050-00013168-00013391 now we especially want the young people
+Pw-5acaAuno-00051-00013391-00013503 of this earth
+Pw-5acaAuno-00052-00013504-00013703 our children in schools and universities
+Pw-5acaAuno-00053-00013704-00013903 to experience this perspective on life
+Pw-5acaAuno-00054-00013904-00014022 on earth
+Pw-5acaAuno-00055-00014023-00014271 to see this living planet we call
+Pw-5acaAuno-00056-00014272-00014383 home
+Pw-5acaAuno-00057-00014384-00014566 well in 1998
+Pw-5acaAuno-00058-00014568-00014807 al gore had a dream of a satellite that
+Pw-5acaAuno-00059-00014808-00014975 was placed four times further away from
+Pw-5acaAuno-00060-00014976-00015238 the earth than the moon sending back
+Pw-5acaAuno-00061-00015240-00015575 such live images he acted on his dream
+Pw-5acaAuno-00062-00015576-00015775 but he has not yet it has not yet been
+Pw-5acaAuno-00063-00015776-00015983 fully realized mainly for political
+Pw-5acaAuno-00064-00015984-00016191 reasons well we want this
+Pw-5acaAuno-00065-00016191-00016439 dream to become reality and we need your
+Pw-5acaAuno-00066-00016440-00016550 support
+Pw-5acaAuno-00067-00016551-00016727 if you're with us on this
+Pw-5acaAuno-00068-00016728-00016919 you can learn more by going to
+Pw-5acaAuno-00069-00016920-00017294 www.iamwithyou.com
+Pw-5acaAuno-00070-00017295-00017620 thank you
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00000-00000048-00000853 foreign
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00001-00000855-00002783 [Music]
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00002-00002784-00002874 thank you
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00003-00002875-00003174 [Music]
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00004-00003175-00003367 said
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00005-00003368-00003779 Osage Sonica highly intelligent of the
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00006-00003779-00004085 form of Shiva noble-minded
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00007-00004086-00004319 please listen to the greatness of
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00008-00004320-00004709 rudraksha I shall explain it briefly
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00009-00004710-00005002 rudraksha is the favorite bead of Shiva
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00010-00005003-00005381 it is highly sanctifying it removes all
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00011-00005382-00005831 sins by sight contact and japas Osage
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00012-00005832-00006106 formerly the greatness of rudraksha was
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00013-00006107-00006383 declared but to the goddess by Shiva the
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00014-00006384-00006683 Supreme soul for rendering help to the
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00015-00006684-00006809 worlds
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00016-00006809-00007409 foreign
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00017-00007409-00007648 be pleased to hear the greatness of
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00018-00007650-00008033 rudraksha I speak out of love for you
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00019-00008034-00008249 from a desire for the benefit of the
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00020-00008250-00008435 devotees of Shiva
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00021-00008436-00008764 o maheshani formerly I had been
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00022-00008765-00008981 performing Penance for thousands of
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00023-00008982-00009281 divine years although I had controlled
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00024-00009282-00009610 it rigorously my mind was in flutter
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00025-00009611-00010024 out of sport I being self-possessed just
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00026-00010025-00010337 opened my eyes o Goddess from a desire
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00027-00010338-00010678 to help the worlds drops of Tears fell
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00028-00010679-00010973 from my beautiful half-closed eyes
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00029-00010974-00011219 from those teardrops there cropped up
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00030-00011220-00011488 the rudraksha plants they became
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00031-00011489-00011614 immobile
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00032-00011615-00011878 in order to bless the devotees they were
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00033-00011879-00012113 given to the four varnas devoted to the
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00034-00012114-00012499 worship of Vishnu
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00035-00012500-00012869 rudraksha grown in gowda Bengal became
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00036-00012869-00013151 great favorites of Shiva they were grown
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00037-00013152-00013379 in mathura Lanka
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00038-00013380-00013786 ayodhya Malaya sahia Mountain Kashi and
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00039-00013787-00013943 other places
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00040-00013944-00014255 they are competent to break asunder the
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00041-00014256-00014530 clustered sins unbearable to the others
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00042-00014531-00014957 as the sacred texts have declared at my
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00043-00014958-00015143 bidding they were classified into
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00044-00015144-00015508 brahmanas chatrias vaishas and shudras
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00045-00015509-00015816 these rudraksha are of auspicious nature
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00046-00015818-00016055 the colors of the four types of
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00047-00016056-00016361 rudraksha are respectively white red
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00048-00016362-00016607 yellow and black
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00049-00016608-00016877 all people shall wear the reduction of
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00050-00016878-00017171 their own Varna if they desire their
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00051-00017172-00017447 benefit namely worldly pleasures and
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00052-00017448-00017741 salvation and if the devotees of Shiva
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00053-00017742-00018035 wish to gratify Shiva they must wear
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00054-00018036-00018203 rudraksha
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00055-00018204-00018600 a reduction of the size of a dhatra Pala
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00056-00018601-00018994 emblik my robilon is mentioned as the
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00057-00018995-00019133 most excellent
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00058-00019134-00019511 one of the size of badri fala fruit of
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00059-00019512-00019883 the jujube tree is spoken of as middling
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00060-00019884-00020219 o Parvati lovingly listened to this from
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00061-00020220-00020455 a desire for the benefit of the devotees
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00062-00020456-00020789 the meanest of rudraksha is of the size
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00063-00020790-00021029 of a gram according to this excellent
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00064-00021030-00021214 classification
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00065-00021215-00021611 o maheshwari even the rudraksha which is
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00066-00021612-00021844 only of the size of the badri fala
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00067-00021845-00022144 accord's benefit and heightens happiness
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00068-00022145-00022397 and good fortune
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00069-00022398-00022739 that which is the size of the dhatrapala
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00070-00022740-00022885 emblem
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00071-00022886-00023177 is conducive to the destruction of all
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00072-00023178-00023314 distresses
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00073-00023315-00023591 that which is the size of a gunja berry
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00074-00023592-00023825 is conducive to the achievement of the
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00075-00023826-00024035 fruit of all desires
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00076-00024036-00024280 the lighter the rudraksha the more
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00077-00024281-00024455 fruitful it is
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00078-00024456-00024736 each of these is fruitful and that of a
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00079-00024737-00024964 weight of one-tenth is considered by
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00080-00024965-00025235 Scholars as the most fruitful
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00081-00025236-00025511 wearing urudraksha is recommended for
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00082-00025512-00025720 the sake of destroying sins
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00083-00025722-00026002 hence that which is conducive to the
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00084-00026004-00026255 achievement of every object has to be
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00085-00026256-00026411 worn certainly
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00086-00026412-00026752 o parameshwari no other necklace or
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00087-00026754-00026974 Garland is observed in the world to be
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00088-00026975-00027196 so auspicious and fruitful as the
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00089-00027197-00027599 rudraksha O goddess rudraksha of even
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00090-00027600-00027989 size glossy firm thick and having many
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00091-00027989-00028331 thorn-like protrusions yield desires and
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00092-00028332-00028558 bestow worldly pleasures and salvation
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00093-00028560-00028717 forever
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00094-00028718-00028990 six types of rudraksha shall be
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00095-00028991-00029374 discarded those defiled by worms cut and
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00096-00029375-00029674 broken have no thorn-like protrusions
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00097-00029675-00030101 have cracks and are not spherical that
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00098-00030102-00030346 which has a natural whole is the most
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00099-00030347-00030623 excellent that which is Bored through by
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00100-00030624-00031062 human effort is the middling one
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00101-00031063-00031355 wearing rudraksha is spoken of as
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00102-00031356-00031546 conducive to the destruction of great
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00103-00031547-00031673 sins
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00104-00031674-00032002 if 1100 reductions are worn on the
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00105-00032004-00032329 person the man assumes the form of rudra
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00106-00032330-00032608 even in hundreds of years it is
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00107-00032610-00032867 impossible to describe adequately the
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00108-00032868-00033155 benefit derived by wearing 1150
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00109-00033156-00033352 rudrakshas
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00110-00033353-00033593 a devout man shall make a Coronet
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00111-00033594-00034037 consisting of 550 rudrakshas a person of
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00112-00034038-00034283 Pious nature shall make three circular
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00113-00034284-00034499 strings in the manner of the Sacred
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00114-00034500-00034924 thread each having 360 beads
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00115-00034925-00035279 o maheshwari three rudrakshas must be
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00116-00035280-00035567 worn on the shikka and six in each of
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00117-00035568-00035981 the ears right and left 101 rudraxas
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00118-00035982-00036233 shall be worn round the neck eleven
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00119-00036234-00036461 rudrakshas shall be worn round each of
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00120-00036462-00036749 the arms elbows and wrists
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00121-00036750-00036989 devotees of Shiva shall have three
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00122-00036990-00037277 rudrakshas in the sacred thread and
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00123-00037278-00037540 round the hips five rudrakshas shall be
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00124-00037541-00037801 tied
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00125-00037802-00038111 the person by whom so many rudrakshas
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00126-00038112-00038374 are warned is worthy of being bowed to
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00127-00038375-00038795 and adored by all like mahesha such a
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00128-00038796-00039052 person while in contemplation shall be
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00129-00039053-00039377 duly seated and addressed o Shiva
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00130-00039378-00039965 seeing him everyone is freed from sins
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00131-00039966-00040240 this is the rule regarding 1100
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00132-00040241-00040552 rudrakshas if so many are not available
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00133-00040553-00040852 another auspicious procedure I mentioned
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00134-00040853-00040961 to you
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00135-00040962-00041262 one rudraksha shall be worn on the tuft
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00136-00041263-00041717 Thirty on the head 50 round the neck 16
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00137-00041718-00042040 in each of the arms 12 round each of the
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00138-00042041-00042407 wrists 500 on the shoulders and three
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00139-00042408-00042712 strings each having 108 in the manner of
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00140-00042713-00043096 the Sacred thread he who wears in all a
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00141-00043097-00043349 thousand rudrakshas and is a firm
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00142-00043350-00043618 resolve in performing rights is bowed to
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00143-00043619-00043949 by all Davis like rudra himself
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00144-00043950-00044290 one rudraksha shall be worn on the tough
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00145-00044291-00044646 40 on the forehead 32 around the neck
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00146-00044647-00045023 108 over the chest six in each of the
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00147-00045024-00045346 ears 16 round each of the arms
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00148-00045347-00045623 O Lord of sages according to the
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00149-00045624-00045905 measurement of the forearms 12 or twice
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00150-00045906-00046139 that number shall be worn there
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00151-00046140-00046439 a person who wears so many out of love
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00152-00046440-00046727 is a great devotee of Shiva
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00153-00046728-00047033 he shall be worshiped like Shiva he is
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00154-00047034-00047339 worthy of being always honored by all
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00155-00047340-00047615 it shall be worn on the head repeating
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00156-00047616-00047945 ishana Mantra on the ears with
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00157-00047946-00048251 tripurusha Mantra round the neck with
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00158-00048252-00048539 Agora Mantra and on the chest also
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00159-00048540-00048665 likewise
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00160-00048666-00048899 the wise devotee shall wear the
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00161-00048900-00049211 rudraksha round the forearms with Agora
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00162-00049212-00049565 bhija Mantra a string of 15 beads shall
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00163-00049566-00049846 be worn on the stomach with vama Deva
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00164-00049847-00050201 mantra
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00165-00050202-00050668 with five mantras said yojita Etc three
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00166-00050669-00051005 five or seven garlands shall be worn or
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00167-00051006-00051263 all beeds shall be worn with the Mula
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00168-00051264-00051604 Mantra a devotee of Shiva shall refrain
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00169-00051605-00051970 from eating meat garlic onion red garlic
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00170-00051971-00052438 hot herb slashmatica Pig of rubbish and
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00171-00052439-00052582 Liquors
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00172-00052583-00052930 oh Uma daughter of the mountain the
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00173-00052932-00053129 white rudrakshas shall be worn by the
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00174-00053129-00053429 brahmana the red by the katria the
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00175-00053429-00053657 Yellow by the vaisha the black by the
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00176-00053658-00053776 shudra
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00177-00053777-00054094 this is the path indicated by The Vedas
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00178-00054095-00054341 whether he is a householder Forest
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00179-00054341-00054725 dweller ascetic or of any ashram None
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00180-00054726-00054994 Shall ignore this secret advice
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00181-00054995-00055282 only by great merits can the opportunity
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00182-00055283-00055625 to wear the rudraksha be obtained if he
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00183-00055626-00055894 misses it he will go to hell
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00184-00055895-00056166 the root rakshas of the size of a
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00185-00056167-00056416 dhatrapala and those of lighter weight
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00186-00056417-00056765 but depressed with thorns those eaten by
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00187-00056766-00057004 worms or without holes and those
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00188-00057005-00057287 characterized by other defects shall not
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00189-00057288-00057515 be worn by those wishing for auspicious
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00190-00057516-00057647 results
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00191-00057648-00057887 they shall avoid small ones of the size
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00192-00057888-00058030 of a gram
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00193-00058032-00058337 o Uma rudraksha is an auspicious
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00194-00058338-00058594 compliment to my phallic image
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00195-00058595-00058919 the small one is always praiseworthy
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00196-00058920-00059225 people of all varnas and ashwaramas even
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00197-00059226-00059530 women and sudras can wear rudrakshas at
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00198-00059532-00059825 the bidding of Shiva the ascetics shall
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00199-00059826-00060226 wear it with the pranava
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00200-00060227-00060497 if anyone wears rudrakshas during the
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00201-00060498-00060749 day he is freed from sins committed
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00202-00060750-00061007 during the night if he wears it during
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00203-00061008-00061216 the night he is freed from the sins
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00204-00061217-00061432 committed during the day
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00205-00061433-00061654 similar is the result with its wearing
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00206-00061655-00061942 during morning midday or evening
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00207-00061944-00062285 those who wear tripundra matted hair and
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00208-00062286-00062650 rudrakshas do not go to yama's abode
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00209-00062651-00062938 Yama directed his attendance
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00210-00062939-00063232 those who wear at least one rudraksha on
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00211-00063233-00063503 their heads three pundra on the forehead
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00212-00063504-00063766 and repeat the five-syllable Mantra
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00213-00063767-00064030 shall be honored by you all
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00214-00064032-00064282 they are indeed saintly men
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00215-00064283-00064516 you can bring the man here who has no
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00216-00064517-00064829 rudrakshas on his person no tripundra on
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00217-00064829-00065056 his forehead and who does not utter the
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00218-00065057-00065254 five-syllable mantra
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00219-00065255-00065549 all those who have the Ash and rudraksha
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00220-00065550-00065788 shall be honored Always by us after
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00221-00065789-00066059 knowing their power they shall never be
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00222-00066060-00066238 brought here
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00223-00066239-00066505 Yama commanded his attendance like this
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00224-00066506-00066815 they too remained quiet agreeing to it
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00225-00066816-00067115 in fact they were surprised
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00226-00067116-00067475 hence mahadevi the rudraksha as well as
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00227-00067476-00067787 the person who wears it is my favorite
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00228-00067788-00068141 oh poverty even if he has committed sins
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00229-00068142-00068344 he becomes pure
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00230-00068345-00068644 he who wears rudrakshas round the hands
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00231-00068645-00068891 and arms and over the head cannot be
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00232-00068892-00069088 killed by any living being
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00233-00069089-00069317 he shall roam in the world in the form
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00234-00069318-00069623 of rudra he shall be respected by the
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00235-00069624-00069929 gods and asuras always he shall be
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00236-00069930-00070276 honored like Shiva he removes the sin of
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00237-00070277-00070750 anyone seen by him
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00238-00070751-00070991 if a person is not liberated after
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00239-00070992-00071237 meditation and acquisition of knowledge
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00240-00071238-00071567 he shall wear rudraksha he shall be
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00241-00071568-00071788 freed from all sins and attain the
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00242-00071789-00071926 highest goal
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00243-00071927-00072238 a mantra repeated with rudraksha is a
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00244-00072239-00072479 crore times more efficacious
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00245-00072480-00072791 a man wearing rudraksha derives a
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00246-00072792-00073067 hundred million times more Merit
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00247-00073068-00073385 oh goddess as long as the rudraksha is
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00248-00073386-00073637 on the person of a living Soul he is
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00249-00073638-00073919 least affected by premature death
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00250-00073920-00074188 one shall attain rudra on seeing a
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00251-00074189-00074482 person with tripundra his limbs covered
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00252-00074483-00074761 with rudraksha and repeating the
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00253-00074762-00074975 mrityunjaya mantra
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00254-00074976-00075269 he is a favorite of the five deities and
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00255-00075270-00075467 a favorite of all gods
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00256-00075468-00075785 oh beloved a devotee shall repeat all
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00257-00075786-00076025 mantras wearing a Garland of rudraksha
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00258-00076026-00076241 or counting on them
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00259-00076242-00076469 even the devotees of Vishnu and other
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00260-00076470-00076738 deities shall unhesitatingly wear the
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00261-00076739-00077050 rudraksha especially the devotee of
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00262-00077051-00077412 rudra shall wear rudraksha always
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00263-00077413-00077771 rudrakshas are of various types I shall
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00264-00077772-00078035 explain their different classifications
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00265-00078036-00078355 oh poverty here with great devotion
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00266-00078356-00078641 these rudrakshas bestow worldly
+Pxgfqb6Vmuc-00267-00078642-00079016 pleasures and salvation
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00000-00000448-00000647 if we want to we can structure the
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00001-00000648-00000823 market differently
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00002-00000824-00000999 chief executive officers are among the
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00003-00001000-00001239 highest paid people in the country the
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00004-00001240-00001599 issue to my mind at least is whether ceo
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00005-00001600-00001791 pay corresponds to in effect their
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00006-00001792-00001975 contribution to the economy that they
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00007-00001976-00002183 actually are in some sense worth their
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00008-00002184-00002447 pay or whether in effect that they're
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00009-00002448-00002623 vastly overpaid
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00010-00002624-00002799 and my argument is going to be that they
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00011-00002800-00002983 are vastly overpaid that they don't
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00012-00002984-00003231 contribute to the economy at all
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00013-00003232-00003411 proportionate to their pay
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00014-00003411-00004063 [Music]
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00015-00004064-00004303 i'll go through five main points
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00016-00004304-00004599 it's very clear co pay has exploded in
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00017-00004600-00004799 the last four decades relative to the
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00018-00004800-00005079 pay of the average worker the second the
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00019-00005080-00005335 alternative explanations of ceo pay that
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00020-00005336-00005502 they're actually worth their keep as
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00021-00005503-00005743 opposed to ceo pay as a result of a
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00022-00005744-00005911 corruption of the corporate governance
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00023-00005912-00006134 process that determines their pay third
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00024-00006135-00006359 the evidence shows ceos don't earn their
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00025-00006360-00006703 pay the fourth one why co pay matters so
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00026-00006704-00006887 one could ask okay we don't have that
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00027-00006888-00007175 many ceos we have 500 a thousand large
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00028-00007176-00007367 companies in the economy that's not that
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00029-00007368-00007534 many people well i'm going to argue
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00030-00007536-00007751 actually that matters a lot that ceo pay
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00031-00007752-00007967 has a big impact on pay scales in the
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00032-00007968-00008223 economy then lastly i'll outline some
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00033-00008224-00008551 possible fixes that have been suggested
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00034-00008552-00008710 and that i think our least plausible
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00035-00008711-00009063 ways to get ceo pay more in line with
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00036-00009064-00009327 where it had been in prior decades okay
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00037-00009328-00009623 so first off what's happened to ceo pay
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00038-00009624-00009806 relative to the pay of the ordinary
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00039-00009807-00010119 worker and what this graph is showing is
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00040-00010120-00010351 two different measures ceo pay
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00041-00010352-00010574 one is to simply look at the value at
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00042-00010575-00010814 the time they're issued the other one is
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00043-00010815-00011046 to value them when they're realized so
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00044-00011047-00011335 when a ceo actually cashes in the option
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00045-00011336-00011510 after three years or five years whatever
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00046-00011511-00011727 time frame is on the option it generally
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00047-00011728-00011919 is the case that if you measure the
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00048-00011920-00012087 value of the options when they're
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00049-00012088-00012310 realized when they cash them in that
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00050-00012311-00012551 their pay is considerably higher but
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00051-00012552-00012838 either way you get the same story ceo
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00052-00012839-00013022 pay relative to the pay of ordinary
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00053-00013023-00013263 workers has exploded if we go back to
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00054-00013263-00013558 the 60s it was around 20 to 1 by the end
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00055-00013559-00013830 of the 70s it was close to 30 to 1 then
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00056-00013831-00014103 in the 80s it really began to skyrocket
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00057-00014104-00014375 and we get to the 2000s where it's well
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00058-00014376-00014630 over 200 to one by either measure okay
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00059-00014631-00014847 it's bigger it's higher if you use the
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00060-00014847-00015063 value of options when they're realized
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00061-00015063-00015191 but even if you take the more
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00062-00015191-00015407 conservative measure the value of
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00063-00015408-00015607 options at the time they're issued
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00064-00015608-00015799 you're still looking at ceo pay that's
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00065-00015800-00016007 well over 200 times the pay of an
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00066-00016008-00016183 ordinary worker and again if we go back
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00067-00016184-00016447 to the 60s it was 20 times the pay of
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00068-00016448-00016622 the ordinary worker so the question is
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00069-00016623-00016999 are today's ceos 10 times as productive
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00070-00017000-00017239 as they were back in the 60s okay so the
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00071-00017240-00017479 conventional view if you you believe
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00072-00017480-00017894 that ceos are in effect worth their pay
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00073-00017895-00018103 is that they are hugely productive that
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00074-00018104-00018263 they produce enormous returns to
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00075-00018264-00018447 shareholders ultimately the shareholders
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00076-00018448-00018647 are the ones to decide who who is the
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00077-00018648-00018791 ceo how much they get paid the
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00078-00018792-00018991 shareholders have authority over that so
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00079-00018992-00019183 question is are they worth that money to
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00080-00019184-00019422 shareholders and the conventional view
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00081-00019423-00019622 would be yeah they're the ceos you look
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00082-00019623-00019822 at a major company a general electric
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00083-00019823-00020094 and ibm or microsoft whatever it might
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00084-00020095-00020311 be for the shareholders it's worth it to
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00085-00020312-00020511 pay the ceo 20 or 30 or 40 million
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00086-00020512-00020663 whatever they end up paying because if
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00087-00020664-00020935 you paid someone less you would get less
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00088-00020936-00021167 because they're so productive that the
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00089-00021168-00021383 economy would really be hurt if they got
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00090-00021384-00021583 paid substantially less
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00091-00021584-00021783 chief financial officer the other very
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00092-00021784-00021950 top people people often refer to the
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00093-00021951-00022207 c-suite the top five paid executives
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00094-00022208-00022407 those are also very very talented people
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00095-00022408-00022583 so they get 8 million 10 million they're
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00096-00022584-00022758 worth it the alternative view is the
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00097-00022759-00022894 corporate governance process is
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00098-00022895-00023191 corrupted that the ceos largely control
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00099-00023192-00023391 the boards that determine their pay so
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00100-00023392-00023567 what i like to say is imagine that you
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00101-00023568-00023719 had your friends that were sitting on
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00102-00023720-00023863 huge piles of money because that's
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00103-00023864-00023991 really the story here you know if you
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00104-00023992-00024311 have the board of exxon or ibm or any
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00105-00024312-00024471 major company so your friends are
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00106-00024472-00024727 sitting on a huge pile of money and
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00107-00024728-00024894 you're asking them how much should you
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00108-00024895-00025094 get well they're your friends so they'll
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00109-00025095-00025239 probably give you a lot of money so that
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00110-00025240-00025383 would be a story of corrupted corporate
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00111-00025384-00025646 governance so maybe the ceo of a major
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00112-00025647-00025839 company is getting 20 million dollars
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00113-00025839-00025983 clearly it's hard work i mean you
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00114-00025983-00026094 couldn't just grab someone off the
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00115-00026095-00026287 street and make them the top executive
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00116-00026288-00026439 at microsoft you need someone who knows
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00117-00026439-00026623 the industry but there might be a lot of
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00118-00026624-00026735 people who could do that and they'd be
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00119-00026736-00026927 happy to do it for 2 million maybe 3
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00120-00026927-00027070 million you don't have to pay someone 20
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00121-00027072-00027407 million okay so so in that story the ceo
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00122-00027408-00027639 is not producing some outsized return to
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00123-00027639-00027814 shareholders and the implication is
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00124-00027816-00027974 shareholders are getting ripped off the
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00125-00027975-00028111 shareholders are paying someone 20
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00126-00028112-00028255 million and they could pay someone 2
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00127-00028256-00028470 million 3 million the next echelon of
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00128-00028472-00028614 corporate executives they're getting 10
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00129-00028616-00028758 million well you could pay someone one
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00130-00028760-00028935 and a half million and they don't get a
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00131-00028936-00029183 return that is at all corresponding to
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00132-00029183-00029327 what they're paying them
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00133-00029327-00029614 okay so evidence on whether co pay is
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00134-00029616-00029814 justified well there was a great study
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00135-00029816-00030007 this is some years ago now they looked
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00136-00030008-00030239 at ceo pay and whether it's affected by
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00137-00030239-00030414 events that were beyond their control my
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00138-00030416-00030583 favorite example here is world oil
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00139-00030583-00030943 prices and in principle co pay should
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00140-00030944-00031199 neither benefit from good luck or suffer
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00141-00031200-00031470 from bad luck so if you're running exxon
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00142-00031472-00031743 and oil prices double well you didn't do
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00143-00031744-00031927 that or at least presumably you didn't
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00144-00031927-00032118 so why should you get higher pay on the
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00145-00032119-00032327 other hand suppose they fell well that
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00146-00032327-00032535 really isn't your fault either so in
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00147-00032536-00032807 principle you'd like to say that ceo pay
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00148-00032808-00033007 would not be affected by events beyond
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00149-00033008-00033223 the control of the ceo well guess what
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00150-00033224-00033359 they found that it was affected in a
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00151-00033360-00033502 really big way by events beyond the
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00152-00033503-00033759 control of the ceo it does look like ceo
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00153-00033760-00034015 pay is determined not by their skill
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00154-00034016-00034183 what they produce for shareholders but
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00155-00034184-00034351 in this case to a very large extent by
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00156-00034352-00034551 luck people go oh well what can they do
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00157-00034552-00034662 what are they supposed to do of course
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00158-00034663-00034831 their options are worth more when the
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00159-00034832-00034990 price of oil goes up you could write
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00160-00034991-00035183 contracts so that's not that way so you
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00161-00035184-00035446 could tie the pay of the executives at
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00162-00035447-00035695 exxon not just to exxon stock price but
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00163-00035696-00035918 exxon stock price relative to shell
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00164-00035919-00036095 relative to other oil companies that's
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00165-00036096-00036335 almost never done but they can do that
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00166-00036336-00036567 that would prevent this sort of look
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00167-00036568-00036879 leading to huge pay raises for ceos
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00168-00036880-00037062 second story there's a number of
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00169-00037063-00037255 measures that experts on corporate
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00170-00037256-00037423 governance associate with good
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00171-00037424-00037662 governance so just to give one example
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00172-00037663-00037855 if you have the whole board come up for
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00173-00037856-00038111 a vote at the same time so that way if
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00174-00038112-00038271 investors decide that companies being
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00175-00038272-00038471 poorly managed they can replace whole
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00176-00038472-00038679 board at once so that's considered a
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00177-00038680-00038855 good governance rule they came up with
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00178-00038856-00039062 an index of good governance and they
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00179-00039063-00039262 found that this index was associated
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00180-00039263-00039471 with lower ceo pay
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00181-00039472-00039687 okay again if we thought that corporate
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00182-00039688-00039902 governance was in general very good
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00183-00039903-00040007 there shouldn't really be much
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00184-00040008-00040223 correlation between better governance
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00185-00040224-00040407 and lower co pay they might be very
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00186-00040408-00040607 weakly related they found a very strong
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00187-00040608-00040727 relationship
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00188-00040728-00040911 the the bernhard spivvy and alexander
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00189-00040912-00041174 study looked at ceo pay in states with
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00190-00041175-00041471 stronger takeover laws so takeover laws
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00191-00041472-00041671 means it's more difficult if you have a
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00192-00041672-00041895 poorly run company for someone to come
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00193-00041896-00042102 in take over the company and presumably
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00194-00042103-00042327 make it a better run company so that
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00195-00042328-00042567 gives in effect the top management more
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00196-00042568-00042751 leeway because they know it's harder for
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00197-00042752-00042951 someone to say hey we don't like the way
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00198-00042952-00043127 things are going we're going to take it
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00199-00043128-00043358 over well again if companies are in
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00200-00043359-00043639 general well-run co pay corresponds to
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00201-00043640-00043846 their contribution to the company it
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00202-00043847-00044023 really shouldn't matter whether
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00203-00044024-00044199 companies are a threat of being taken
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00204-00044200-00044462 over but this study found a very strong
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00205-00044463-00044671 relationship that states with stronger
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00206-00044672-00044830 anti-takeover laws
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00207-00044831-00045046 companies that are chartered there had
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00208-00045047-00045295 higher pay okay another study the the
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00209-00045296-00045495 quigley crossland cannibal study they
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00210-00045496-00045687 looked at cases where you had accidental
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00211-00045688-00045935 deaths of ceos and this is interesting
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00212-00045936-00046062 it's a little more roast but the point
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00213-00046063-00046287 here is that suppose we have a ceo that
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00214-00046288-00046590 we know is sick steve jobs example that
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00215-00046591-00046807 where he had cancer and so people buying
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00216-00046808-00047062 apple stock investors knew steve jobs
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00217-00047063-00047271 was sick he was likely not to live that
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00218-00047272-00047558 long so that would be priced into us
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00219-00047559-00047783 into a stocks price so you don't want to
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00220-00047784-00047958 look at cases like that what they looked
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00221-00047959-00048158 at was accidental deaths people didn't
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00222-00048159-00048318 know that a ceo was going to be in a
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00223-00048319-00048502 plane crash again assuming they weren't
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00224-00048503-00048686 in honor or whatever we could safely
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00225-00048687-00048895 assume these were events that were not
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00226-00048896-00049143 captured in the stock price so if we
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00227-00049144-00049311 thought that ceos were really
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00228-00049312-00049511 outstanding figures that they couldn't
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00229-00049512-00049751 easily be replaced we'd expect to see a
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00230-00049752-00049983 sharp drop in the stock price after a
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00231-00049984-00050215 ceo dies what they found was there was
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00232-00050216-00050407 some downward movement in stock price
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00233-00050408-00050558 but in very few cases where they're
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00234-00050559-00050799 sharp drops so that suggests that the
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00235-00050800-00051046 markets generally don't feel that the
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00236-00051047-00051270 ceos are irreplaceable that if it turns
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00237-00051271-00051479 out through some fluke event that the
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00238-00051479-00051742 ceo ends up dying well the person next
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00239-00051744-00051919 in line they'll probably do just as good
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00240-00051920-00052158 a job jessica scheider and myself did a
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00241-00052159-00052335 study where we looked at the change in
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00242-00052336-00052599 tax deductibility and whether it had an
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00243-00052600-00052791 impact on ceo pay so what we did was we
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00244-00052791-00052942 took advantage of a provision in the
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00245-00052944-00053175 affordable care act that went to effect
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00246-00053176-00053463 in 2013 where it limited the
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00247-00053464-00053782 deductibility of ceo pay in the health
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00248-00053783-00054023 insurance industry so the reason why
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00249-00054024-00054407 this matters is prior to 2013 companies
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00250-00054408-00054671 could deduct the full amount of ceo pay
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00251-00054672-00054894 what that meant was that if they're in
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00252-00054895-00055166 the 35 bracket which they were that in
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00253-00055167-00055366 effect they're only paying 65 cents on
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00254-00055367-00055582 the dollar so they're paying the ceo 20
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00255-00055583-00055775 million they're only actually kicking
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00256-00055776-00056038 out 65 percent of that because they
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00257-00056039-00056223 could write 35 percent off on their
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00258-00056224-00056519 taxes after 2013 they couldn't write
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00259-00056520-00056735 anything above 1 million off in their
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00260-00056736-00056887 taxes and of course the ceos are getting
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00261-00056888-00057103 paid much more than 1 million now ceo
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00262-00057104-00057382 pay beared any close relationship to
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00263-00057383-00057591 their returns to shareholders this
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00264-00057591-00057847 should have meant a reduction in ceo pay
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00265-00057848-00057999 in the health insurance industry
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00266-00058000-00058199 relative their pay in other industries
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00267-00058200-00058359 we could find no evidence that the
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00268-00058360-00058582 change in tax deductibility had any
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00269-00058583-00058838 negative impact on ceo pay whatsoever
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00270-00058839-00058991 okay and again that's even after
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00271-00058991-00059150 controlling for everything so that's
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00272-00059151-00059375 something hard to explain if it's the
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00273-00059376-00059615 case that ceo pay is closely related to
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00274-00059616-00059799 their return to shareholders
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00275-00059800-00060015 okay next story we have great failures
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00276-00060016-00060159 i'm just mentioning a few i could give
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00277-00060160-00060311 you a very very long list but these were
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00278-00060312-00060575 some prominent examples robert nardelli
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00279-00060576-00060863 was the ceo of home depot back in the
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00280-00060864-00061159 early part of the 2000s he left in 2007.
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00281-00061160-00061366 he walked away with over 210 million
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00282-00061367-00061566 dollars which would be about 300 billion
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00283-00061567-00061742 dollars in today's dollar i'm sorry
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00284-00061744-00061982 million not billion 300 million dollars
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00285-00061983-00062159 in today's dollars and wasn't quite that
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00286-00062160-00062263 overpaid
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00287-00062264-00062487 okay so what did he do for home depot
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00288-00062488-00062711 well home depot stock plunged in this
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00289-00062712-00062975 period it fell about 50 percent its main
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00290-00062976-00063166 competitor in the the home improvement
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00291-00063167-00063494 industries lows those stocks soared john
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00292-00063495-00063711 stumpf he was the ceo of wells fargo for
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00293-00063712-00063911 a number of years stumpf was involved in
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00294-00063912-00064119 the scandal where they were issuing
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00295-00064120-00064287 phony accounts to people most people
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00296-00064288-00064479 didn't even know they had these accounts
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00297-00064479-00064647 so that they could boast about the
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00298-00064648-00064806 number of counts they were issuing so
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00299-00064807-00064950 this would look good for the financial
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00300-00064951-00065230 markets well stumpf seemed to have known
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00301-00065232-00065342 about this seemed to have been at the
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00302-00065344-00065479 center of it and even if he didn't know
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00303-00065479-00065671 about it was on a very large scale so he
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00304-00065672-00065919 surely should have but in any case he
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00305-00065920-00066111 ended up leaving the company
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00306-00066112-00066294 because of the scandal put them in a
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00307-00066295-00066494 horrible situation in terms of their
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00308-00066495-00066671 reputation which they built up over the
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00309-00066672-00066919 years but he's still got a 130 million
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00310-00066920-00067071 dollar pay package
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00311-00067072-00067287 a third example a more recent one dennis
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00312-00067288-00067543 mullenberg stepped down in 2020 he was
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00313-00067544-00067847 the ceo of boeing he ignored warnings
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00314-00067848-00068031 about the safety of their new plane the
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00315-00068032-00068343 737 max there were two major crashes
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00316-00068344-00068591 involving the 737 miles killed several
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00317-00068592-00068815 hundred people and again this was a
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00318-00068816-00068975 predictable event that there were
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00319-00068976-00069231 warnings about safety risk which he
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00320-00069232-00069382 chose to ignore
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00321-00069383-00069559 and he went ahead with getting this
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00322-00069560-00069767 plane out as quickly as possible a lot
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00323-00069768-00069991 of people died and again it was a huge
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00324-00069992-00070135 cost to the company because of course
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00325-00070136-00070311 obviously any airliner's reputation
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00326-00070312-00070575 depends hugely on its safety record i
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00327-00070576-00070711 should also point out their planes were
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00328-00070712-00070863 grounded i think they're now operating
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00329-00070864-00070975 again but these planes were course
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00330-00070976-00071143 grounded till they could thoroughly
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00331-00071144-00071326 evaluate the problem and develop a
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00332-00071327-00071582 workaround he walks away with 62 million
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00333-00071583-00071894 dollars was muellenberg worth 62 million
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00334-00071895-00072094 dollars to boeing shareholders that'd be
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00335-00072095-00072287 pretty hard to say um and again just to
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00336-00072288-00072503 be fair the way this was structured was
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00337-00072504-00072694 he had already earned this money you
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00338-00072695-00072943 could write contracts so that you don't
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00339-00072944-00073175 get 62 million if you walk away from a
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00340-00073176-00073279 company
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00341-00073280-00073519 because you had done some major harm
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00342-00073520-00073799 like not taking heat of safety warnings
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00343-00073800-00073975 causing hundreds of people to die they
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00344-00073976-00074135 didn't write the contract that way but
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00345-00074136-00074350 you can the next question i'm asking is
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00346-00074351-00074535 just a very simple one what have been
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00347-00074536-00074871 the returns to shareholders okay so if
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00348-00074872-00075079 ceos are worth their pay we should
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00349-00075080-00075279 expect to see exceptional returns to
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00350-00075280-00075438 shareholders in the period of very high
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00351-00075439-00075655 ceo pay and what i'm doing is i'm
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00352-00075656-00075847 looking back over 20-year trailing
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00353-00075848-00076167 averages this is a common method for
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00354-00076168-00076350 economists when they're looking at
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00355-00076351-00076526 financial markets because well among
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00356-00076527-00076703 other things we know financial markets
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00357-00076704-00076879 are hugely erratic so i could pick a
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00358-00076880-00077031 year and just say oh look returns in
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00359-00077032-00077319 2021 were great but we want to know over
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00360-00077320-00077543 a long term and if we do that we see
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00361-00077544-00077631 well
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00362-00077632-00077831 returns to shareholders over the prior
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00363-00077832-00078015 20-year period they're not particularly
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00364-00078016-00078287 high if we go back to the 50s and 60s
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00365-00078288-00078438 returns to shareholders were actually
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00366-00078439-00078631 much higher when they were paying ceos
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00367-00078632-00078847 considerably less with the exception of
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00368-00078848-00078982 you know we have a couple peaks
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00369-00078983-00079159 1999-2000
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00370-00079160-00079335 the peak of the stock bubble during that
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00371-00079336-00079599 period so just at this simple most basic
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00372-00079600-00079823 measure it doesn't look like ceos are
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00373-00079824-00080111 earning their keep okay so why might we
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00374-00080112-00080359 think ceos get paid so much if it's the
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00375-00080360-00080559 case that they're not really worth it
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00376-00080560-00080726 all right my story is one of corruption
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00377-00080727-00080943 of corporate governance okay these are
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00378-00080944-00081111 the people the boards of directors are
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00379-00081112-00081279 the ones who most immediately determine
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00380-00081280-00081487 ceo pay in principle
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00381-00081488-00081638 if we accept kind of the standard
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00382-00081639-00081847 conventional economic story they're not
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00383-00081848-00082087 going to pay a ceo way more than what
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00384-00082088-00082255 they're worth to the company okay well
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00385-00082256-00082479 why might that not be the case well
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00386-00082480-00082647 first off boards are largely appointed
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00387-00082648-00082879 by top management so it's not the board
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00388-00082880-00083062 running around looking who's a good
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00389-00083063-00083223 person it's not the shareholders saying
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00390-00083224-00083359 oh we're going to put up this person on
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00391-00083360-00083550 board people who they're whose pay
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00392-00083551-00083735 they're supposed to be controlling are
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00393-00083736-00083943 the ones who are selecting the board
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00394-00083944-00084199 okay that's a serious problem in my view
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00395-00084200-00084415 second one is that boards nominate their
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00396-00084416-00084703 directors for re-election this is
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00397-00084704-00084855 probably worse than what you had in the
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00398-00084856-00084999 old soviet union where people were
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00399-00085000-00085167 nominated by the party always won well
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00400-00085168-00085287 there were some occasions where they
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00401-00085288-00085447 didn't but those were very few and far
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00402-00085448-00085655 between well it's the same story with
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00403-00085656-00085815 boards of directors so you have a vote
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00404-00085816-00086038 of the shareholders but it's very very
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00405-00086039-00086238 difficult to organize shareholders to
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00406-00086239-00086423 vote against the person who the board
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00407-00086424-00086662 had recommended for reelection so over
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00408-00086663-00086862 99 of the time you can almost count on
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00409-00086863-00087015 one hand the board members who come up
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00410-00087016-00087206 for re-election and are turned down in
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00411-00087207-00087406 any given year third point about this
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00412-00087407-00087615 board members are paid a lot of money
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00413-00087616-00087759 you get paid over a hundred thousand a
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00414-00087760-00087959 year for being a board oftentimes three
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00415-00087960-00088135 or four hundred thousand a year and
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00416-00088136-00088279 there's a great book by stephen clifford
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00417-00088280-00088447 that looks at this he was a board member
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00418-00088448-00088591 of several major companies so he's kind
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00419-00088592-00088782 of talking from the inside he puts an
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00420-00088783-00089015 amount of work around 150 hours a year
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00421-00089016-00089215 as i say good work if you can get it so
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00422-00089216-00089350 point being that if you're a member of a
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00423-00089351-00089518 corporate board you're getting a real
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00424-00089519-00089662 good deal on it you're looking at a
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00425-00089663-00089806 situation where might be paid over a
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00426-00089807-00089991 thousand dollars for an hour of work
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00427-00089992-00090175 that's a really good deal that means you
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00428-00090176-00090399 probably want to stay on the board
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00429-00090400-00090647 so what does that mean well you probably
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00430-00090648-00090838 don't have a really strong incentive to
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00431-00090839-00091031 say hey you know our co really isn't
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00432-00091032-00091223 very good because you know everyone else
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00433-00091224-00091447 on the board is friends with the ceo so
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00434-00091448-00091599 do you really want to go around to the
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00435-00091600-00091855 other people on the board and say hey
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00436-00091856-00092038 joe's really not doing a very good job
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00437-00092039-00092191 for us can we get someone who's just as
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00438-00092192-00092406 good for maybe half the price or maybe
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00439-00092407-00092606 we should just give him half the pay
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00440-00092607-00092791 they don't do that because you're going
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00441-00092792-00092991 to piss off the other the other members
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00442-00092992-00093159 of the board so do you want to be
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00443-00093160-00093335 someone that they don't nominate for
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00444-00093336-00093567 reelection directors have very little
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00445-00093568-00093903 incentive to question ceo pay
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00446-00093904-00094055 and keeping with this there was a great
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00447-00094056-00094215 study done by beauvais and its
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00448-00094216-00094382 co-authors at the university of texas
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00449-00094383-00094647 where simply surveyed just ask board
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00450-00094648-00094862 members something commons to often do
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00451-00094863-00095118 too rarely do you see limiting ceo pay
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00452-00095119-00095279 as a part of your job and the
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00453-00095280-00095471 overwhelming majority of board members
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00454-00095472-00095718 didn't even see it as part of their job
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00455-00095719-00095871 okay they actually saw promoting the
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00456-00095872-00096071 goals of top management as being the
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00457-00096072-00096271 main purpose okay i think this is very
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00458-00096272-00096438 damning because even if they did see it
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00459-00096439-00096574 as part of their job maybe we'd look at
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00460-00096575-00096679 them and say well you're really not
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00461-00096680-00096838 doing a very good job
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00462-00096839-00097143 okay so why does it matter co pay is a
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00463-00097144-00097294 reference point for pay scales
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00464-00097295-00097438 throughout the economy why do i think
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00465-00097439-00097631 that's so important well one if you have
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00466-00097632-00097791 people who are getting paid 20 million a
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00467-00097792-00097943 year when they're only producing say 2
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00468-00097944-00098135 million a year for the shareholders then
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00469-00098136-00098294 we don't have an economy that's based in
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00470-00098295-00098462 any close way and people's actual
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00471-00098463-00098671 productivity but if it's the case that
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00472-00098672-00098806 cos are getting paid 20 million and
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00473-00098807-00098894 they're only worth two million
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00474-00098895-00099094 shareholders well the implications the
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00475-00099095-00099294 shareholders are being ripped off okay
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00476-00099295-00099455 so to my view that's really a very
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00477-00099456-00099662 fundamental question if the shareholders
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00478-00099663-00099838 are getting ripped off they should be
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00479-00099839-00100118 allies and lowering ceo pay okay so how
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00480-00100119-00100415 do you remedy ceo pay one issue that
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00481-00100416-00100543 people have to understand is
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00482-00100544-00100703 corporations don't exist in a free
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00483-00100704-00100879 market corporations are creations of the
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00484-00100880-00101118 government so we could all form
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00485-00101119-00101287 partnerships and we could agree we're
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00486-00101288-00101526 going to collaborate but we don't create
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00487-00101527-00101735 a separate legal entity that's something
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00488-00101736-00101911 the government has to do and when it
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00489-00101912-00102135 does that it sets rules most of the
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00490-00102136-00102311 rules have to do with protecting
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00491-00102312-00102486 minority rights and by that i'm not
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00492-00102488-00102623 talking about minority groups as we
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00493-00102624-00102815 usually think of minority shareholders
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00494-00102816-00103023 so you can't have a story where 51 of
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00495-00103024-00103199 the shareholders take over a company and
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00496-00103200-00103358 they tell the other 49 percent they're
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00497-00103359-00103590 out of luck i can get together we get 51
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00498-00103591-00103751 percent of shareholders but whatever we
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00499-00103752-00103999 get the other 49 have to get also that's
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00500-00104000-00104166 what most rules are about but there are
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00501-00104167-00104342 other rules and the government could
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00502-00104343-00104582 change those rules how can it change
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00503-00104583-00104815 those rules in ways that are likely to
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00504-00104816-00105007 bring down ceo pay
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00505-00105008-00105239 well one of my favor because it's simple
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00506-00105240-00105551 is that back in 2010 the dodd-frank
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00507-00105552-00105751 financial reform act that created
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00508-00105752-00105886 something that's often referred to as
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00509-00105888-00106134 say on pay sand pay means that every
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00510-00106135-00106390 three years the ceo's pay package is
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00511-00106391-00106623 sent out for a vote of shareholders you
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00512-00106624-00106839 could have shareholders vote it down and
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00513-00106840-00106966 it's just telling the board that the
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00514-00106967-00107143 shareholders think the ceo is paid too
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00515-00107144-00107334 much boards can do whatever they like
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00516-00107335-00107615 with that but nothing there's no direct
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00517-00107616-00107854 impact on that you could change that
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00518-00107855-00107975 just to be clear this is something
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00519-00107976-00108175 happens very rarely so it's about two
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00520-00108176-00108383 percent of pay packages are voted down
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00521-00108383-00108519 and that's because it's very hard to
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00522-00108520-00108743 organize shareholders so every now and
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00523-00108744-00108951 then you'll see someone usually an
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00524-00108952-00109158 activist investor that has a large
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00525-00109159-00109375 amount of a company they organize the
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00526-00109376-00109575 shareholders and they get them to vote
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00527-00109576-00109766 down pay package again suppose you said
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00528-00109767-00109871 instead they're just being no
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00529-00109872-00110015 consequence the board could just go
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00530-00110016-00110239 that's interesting you say okay
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00531-00110240-00110415 the shareholders voted down your pay
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00532-00110416-00110647 package your job whether they like it or
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00533-00110648-00110943 not is to restrain the pay of ceos
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00534-00110944-00111239 so if you gave your your ceo a pay
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00535-00111240-00111423 package that's so outlandish that the
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00536-00111424-00111671 majority of shareholders voted it down
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00537-00111672-00111934 you lose your pay well my guess is that
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00538-00111935-00112166 that would cause directors to think a
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00539-00112167-00112366 lot more carefully about what they're
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00540-00112367-00112534 paying their ceos and again i don't
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00541-00112535-00112686 think it would have to happen too many
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00542-00112688-00112943 times okay you could also put into the
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00543-00112944-00113175 rules that boards get an incentive to
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00544-00113176-00113334 lower ceo pay and companies could do
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00545-00113335-00113543 this voluntarily they could say okay if
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00546-00113544-00113710 our stock price keeps pace with our
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00547-00113711-00113934 competitors so go back to wells and home
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00548-00113935-00114158 depot you say okay if home depot stock
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00549-00114159-00114407 price keeps pace with lows we've been
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00550-00114408-00114615 paying our co 20 million a year we're
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00551-00114616-00114758 going to lower that to 10 million a year
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00552-00114759-00114902 and we're going to split that 10 million
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00553-00114903-00115086 okay that would be a very good incentive
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00554-00115088-00115415 for them to lower the pay of ceos okay a
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00555-00115416-00115623 fourth thing take away the proxy votes
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00556-00115624-00115799 for third parties most important here's
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00557-00115800-00116007 mutual funds if you look at any major
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00558-00116008-00116215 company a very large share often well
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00559-00116216-00116447 over 50 percent of the stock is held by
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00560-00116448-00116702 mutual funds so oftentimes the the
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00561-00116703-00116902 mutual fund representative at a company
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00562-00116903-00117102 at a general electric or ibm or
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00563-00117103-00117271 microsoft whatever it might be they're
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00564-00117272-00117486 often friends with the top executives at
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00565-00117488-00117607 the company because they want to get
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00566-00117608-00117878 information from them they very rarely
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00567-00117879-00118095 vote against sand pay packages less than
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00568-00118096-00118295 most shareholders so if you have money
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00569-00118296-00118495 with a 401k you have money with a
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00570-00118496-00118702 vanguard or a fidelity whatever it might
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00571-00118703-00118983 be it's your money it's not their money
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00572-00118983-00119239 so you might say okay since they're not
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00573-00119240-00119439 actually the ones who own it they don't
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00574-00119440-00119607 get to vote on it now typically most
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00575-00119608-00119807 mutual funds say okay you authorize them
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00576-00119808-00119975 to vote on your behalf you could say
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00577-00119976-00120102 that isn't good enough because they
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00578-00120103-00120247 don't have a direct interest the same
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00579-00120248-00120358 interest that the person who actually
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00580-00120359-00120623 owns the shares does another route is
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00581-00120624-00120910 higher marginal tax rates okay so it's
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00582-00120911-00121071 worth noting and you can decide how much
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00583-00121072-00121239 importance you want to place on this
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00584-00121240-00121599 that co pay tends to rise hugely when
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00585-00121600-00121863 marginal tax rates for top earners fell
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00586-00121864-00122014 so if we go back to the start of the
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00587-00122015-00122271 1980s top marginal tax rate was 70
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00588-00122272-00122663 percent it fell in the 80s to 28 percent
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00589-00122664-00122839 for a period of time then it rose back
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00590-00122840-00123102 to 40 percent under president clinton
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00591-00123103-00123254 fell again under the second president
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00592-00123255-00123454 bush rose again to about 40 percent
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00593-00123455-00123631 under president obama and then fell
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00594-00123632-00123927 again under donald trump to 37 percent
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00595-00123928-00124190 well there's an argument here that
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00596-00124191-00124431 having a high marginal tax rates will
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00597-00124432-00124678 tend to put downward pressure on ceo pay
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00598-00124679-00124854 for the simple reason that the ceo's not
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00599-00124855-00125134 keeping most of it so in a world where
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00600-00125135-00125414 you're being taxed 70 or 90 percent on
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00601-00125415-00125607 on a dollar of income you don't keep
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00602-00125608-00125814 most their income so that means ceos
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00603-00125815-00126063 have less incentive to try to get really
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00604-00126064-00126295 high pay the last thing to mention is
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00605-00126296-00126510 that if we look at the non-profit sector
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00606-00126511-00126623 well
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00607-00126624-00126814 the government subsidizes the nonprofit
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00608-00126815-00127023 sector because we give a tax credit so
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00609-00127024-00127199 that means if i'm a real rich person i
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00610-00127200-00127351 decide to give a million dollars to a
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00611-00127352-00127527 university or a charity alike or
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00612-00127528-00127727 whatever well the government in effect
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00613-00127728-00127983 it gives me a tax subsidy so we have a
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00614-00127983-00128207 37 percent top rate and anyone who's
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00615-00128208-00128383 giving a million dollars to universities
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00616-00128383-00128590 surely in the top tax bracket that means
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00617-00128591-00128783 that they're picking up 370 000 of the
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00618-00128783-00128999 tab okay so i can give a million i'm in
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00619-00129000-00129278 effect only to pay 630 000 government's
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00620-00129279-00129599 paying the other 370 000. okay well that
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00621-00129600-00129719 means that the government could set
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00622-00129720-00129934 conditions on that okay so if harvard
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00623-00129935-00130110 says oh we want to pay our president two
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00624-00130111-00130254 million dollars well we can go ahead and
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00625-00130255-00130407 do it we just say to them okay but
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00626-00130408-00130527 you're not going to get the charitable
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00627-00130528-00130758 deduction okay if you get the charitable
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00628-00130759-00131054 deduction you only get 400 000 a year
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00629-00131055-00131199 okay or that's the most you could pay
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00630-00131200-00131423 your president okay so you could set
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00631-00131424-00131702 that as a condition for nonprofits that
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00632-00131703-00131895 to my view would go a long way towards
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00633-00131896-00132031 bringing down pay there and just to be
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00634-00132032-00132199 clear where i'm getting 400 000 a year
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00635-00132200-00132366 if it's not obvious to people that's to
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00636-00132367-00132566 pay the president united states
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00637-00132567-00132783 okay so to sum up what i would just say
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00638-00132784-00133014 is you know it's unambiguous ceo pay has
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00639-00133015-00133263 exploded over the last four decades i
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00640-00133264-00133454 should also point out in this respect
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00641-00133455-00133687 that you have large companies in europe
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00642-00133688-00134007 in in east asia in japan and korea
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00643-00134008-00134166 they're not paid anywhere near as much
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00644-00134167-00134343 as our ceos their pay's been rising as
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00645-00134344-00134471 well i think partly because of the
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00646-00134472-00134711 pressure of co pay in the us but if you
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00647-00134712-00134911 look at france germany their their ceos
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00648-00134912-00135071 and major companies might get three four
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00649-00135072-00135254 five million it's very rare you'll find
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00650-00135255-00135478 one getting 20 million okay and those
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00651-00135479-00135702 companies also do quite well in so far
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00652-00135703-00135878 as we could say this is a story of a
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00653-00135879-00136119 corrupted corporate governance process
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00654-00136120-00136302 then this is a big source of upward
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00655-00136303-00136511 redistribution in the economy it's not a
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00656-00136512-00136719 market story it's a problem with how we
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00657-00136720-00136935 structured the market how we structured
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00658-00136936-00137702 the rules of corporate governance
+Py8B21Bwf_c-00659-00137703-00137912 you
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00000-00000276-00000604 and of the of you comin II actually
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00001-00000605-00000911 using our new account system you know
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00002-00000911-00001211 one password family schemes individuals
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00003-00001212-00001625 versus just the local clients ok 0
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00004-00001626-00001913 anyway so I'm going to be talking about
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00005-00001914-00002432 what you're not yet using and this
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00006-00002433-00003454 should go into you single page so in a
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00007-00003455-00003772 sense I'm continuing on my previous two
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00008-00003773-00004255 passwords con talks a year ago I spoke
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00009-00004256-00004537 about what we're now calling to secret
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00010-00004538-00004855 key derivation and I will try to very
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00011-00004856-00005084 briefly review that without going into
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00012-00005085-00005293 the details of the actual key derivation
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00013-00005294-00005653 well a year ago it was all about the key
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00014-00005654-00006256 derivation ah but as you'll see it means
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00015-00006257-00006527 the user has a master password and the
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00016-00006528-00006842 user has a secret that is stored more or
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00017-00006843-00007127 less unencrypted on their own devices
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00018-00007128-00007547 and these two get fed into the local key
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00019-00007548-00008473 derivation process and in Las Vegas I
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00020-00008474-00008831 talked about how we present this to
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00021-00008832-00009056 secret key derivation there's a very new
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00022-00009057-00009455 thing for users people don't know what
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00023-00009456-00009650 to make of it and it was sort of a
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00024-00009651-00010088 discussion of are we doing a good enough
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00025-00010089-00010468 job of setting people up so that they
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00026-00010469-00011206 treat these other things correctly and
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00027-00011207-00011519 as you'll see this actually leads into
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00028-00011520-00011729 what I'm talking about today which is
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00029-00011730-00012113 how we do recovery within something that
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00030-00012114-00012554 is genuinely end-to-end encryption okay
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00031-00012555-00012946 so these are actually me cribbing my
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00032-00012947-00013213 slides from last year we make a password
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00033-00013215-00013519 manager
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00034-00013519-00013832 until about a year ago we never held on
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00035-00013833-00014491 to any data now we do and I'm going to
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00036-00014493-00014836 just informally say what i mean by
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00037-00014837-00015088 account recovery here so if somebody has
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00038-00015090-00015527 a one password account they will be a
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00039-00015528-00015965 member of a team or a family and i'm
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00040-00015966-00016156 going to talk about this i'm going to
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00041-00016157-00016352 use the language and terminology that we
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00042-00016353-00017083 use for one password teams so more game
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00043-00017084-00017414 is a member of a team and through her
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00044-00017415-00017768 knowledge of her master password and her
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00045-00017769-00018005 access to her account key on her local
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00046-00018006-00018319 device she has the capacity to do
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00047-00018320-00018469 various things with a data let's just
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00048-00018470-00018847 say decrypter data that she can fetch
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00049-00018848-00019297 from the server Morgan forgets her
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00050-00019298-00019522 master password or either loses the
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00051-00019523-00019780 account key you know the only copy of it
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00052-00019781-00020003 gets trashed to a disk crash or
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00053-00020004-00020600 something like that and then recovery is
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00054-00020601-00020965 a thing and after that she is restored
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00055-00020966-00021184 to state 1 so that's what i mean by
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00056-00021185-00021500 account recovery in this case and then
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00057-00021501-00021749 of course a lot of stuff goes in in that
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00058-00021750-00022058 account recovery thing and that's what
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00059-00022059-00022300 i'll be hitting on the second second
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00060-00022301-00023069 part of this as we just heard and i
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00061-00023070-00023494 think we're all familiar with is that is
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00062-00023495-00023761 that password reset procedures the
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00063-00023762-00024262 authentication of them is is inherently
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00064-00024263-00024524 weaker than the actual authentication
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00065-00024525-00024893 system in general these can often be
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00066-00024894-00025177 reset by help desks who are cooler
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00067-00025178-00025424 subject to social engineering or any
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00068-00025425-00025925 other kinds of tricks like that and in a
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00069-00025926-00026152 sense if you've got the capacity to do
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00070-00026153-00026414 such a reset then you don't really have
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00071-00026414-00026642 an to ending
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00072-00026643-00027225 so you know so so recovery mechanisms
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00073-00027226-00027671 are very scary and my watch is making
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00074-00027672-00028670 way too much noise and you know so from
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00075-00028672-00028998 a purely security point of view if you
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00076-00028999-00029262 ignore data availability I'd rather
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00077-00029263-00029627 simply not have a recovery mechanism at
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00078-00029629-00030162 all and just uh you know I want to make
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00079-00030163-00030423 it clear for the beginning before I work
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00080-00030424-00030590 through how this whole thing works is
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00081-00030591-00030865 that we do have truly end-to-end
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00082-00030866-00031260 encryption and the way that we have
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00083-00031261-00031479 recovery is that we delegate the
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00084-00031480-00032004 capacity to perform recovery to the
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00085-00032005-00032355 owners or managers of the teams or
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00086-00032356-00032658 families that get set up and I'm going
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00087-00032658-00032832 to collapse a whole bunch of different
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00088-00032833-00033276 roles because teams can have a complex
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00089-00033277-00033546 sets of roles so I'm just going to talk
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00090-00033547-00033789 about the owner of a team or the
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00091-00033790-00034224 organizer of a family and they are the
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00092-00034225-00034494 ones who have a the capacity to perform
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00093-00034495-00034877 recovery for members of that family
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00094-00034878-00035496 members of that team and but we do not
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00095-00035497-00036008 have that capacity okay and the usual
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00096-00036009-00036252 reasons for wanting a recovery system is
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00097-00036253-00036507 that the kinds of data that you store in
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00098-00036508-00036708 something like a password manager and
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00099-00036709-00036986 general documents stored your secure
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00100-00036987-00037206 documents store and all the things that
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00101-00037207-00037446 you can do in one password and similar
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00102-00037447-00037761 is its catastrophic if you lose that or
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00103-00037762-00038231 it certainly can be data you know as
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00104-00038232-00038562 another conversation a cat here a couple
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00105-00038563-00039008 days ago was that you know without data
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00106-00039009-00039308 availability confidentiality and
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00107-00039309-00039531 integrity doesn't mean anything you need
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00108-00039532-00039695 to actually be able to do stuff with
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00109-00039696-00039867 your data and the other
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00110-00039868-00040040 of course is that we couldn't actually
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00111-00040041-00040317 sell anything to businesses if we didn't
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00112-00040318-00040854 offer some kind of recovery mechanism we
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00113-00040855-00041361 have an unusual and I have to be careful
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00114-00041362-00041804 not to unplug things um we have some an
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00115-00041805-00042210 unusual extra need for recovery which is
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00116-00042211-00042648 really that we have an extra way that
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00117-00042649-00043008 people can lose their act access that is
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00118-00043009-00043356 they need both their master password and
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00119-00043357-00043824 this account key thing to be able to
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00120-00043825-00044105 derive the keys that are necessary to
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00121-00044106-00044436 decrypt or and authenticate to our
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00122-00044437-00044820 system and therefore they've got new
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00123-00044821-00045198 ways to get completely frozen out of
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00124-00045199-00046046 their data and just I want to give a
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00125-00046047-00046227 little background this is some of this
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00126-00046228-00046380 is just a repeat of what I talked about
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00127-00046381-00046545 last year but without going into the
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00128-00046546-00046758 technical details of how the key
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00129-00046759-00047181 derivation works but the rationale for
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00130-00047182-00047460 why we why did we cause ourselves all
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00131-00047461-00047670 this trouble with this two secret key
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00132-00047671-00047799 derivation and this other thing that
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00133-00047800-00048183 people oozes it's a usability issue it's
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00134-00048184-00048485 a date of l.a data availability issue
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00135-00048486-00048849 and so just a little bit about
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00136-00048850-00049251 authentication to a service with a
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00137-00049252-00049574 traditional username password site
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00138-00049575-00049848 authentication every time you log in
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00139-00049849-00050240 you're actually sending your credential
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00140-00050241-00050493 your password to the server which then
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00141-00050494-00050671 gets processed so you're actually
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00142-00050672-00051145 transmitting your authentication secret
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00143-00051146-00051687 and you've got other problems it doesn't
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00144-00051688-00051929 authenticate the server to the client
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00145-00051930-00052323 and the whole thing's replayable and
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00146-00052324-00052578 there are lots of other attacks that can
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00147-00052579-00053279 be done on a typical auto just your tip
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00148-00053280-00053499 go login stuff which I assume most
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00149-00053500-00053853 people are familiar with a solution to
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00150-00053854-00054312 almost all of the problems are password
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00151-00054313-00054672 authentication password authenticated he
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00152-00054673-00054912 exchanged mechanisms the one that we use
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00153-00054913-00055355 is called SRP secure remote password and
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00154-00055357-00055760 I'm not going to describe how those work
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00155-00055761-00056432 and you actually can just sleep doing
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00156-00056433-00056751 this because I'll get to the to the main
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00157-00056752-00057111 point afterwards you know but during
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00158-00057112-00057510 registration the client will calculate
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00159-00057511-00057924 something and so it will it will
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00160-00057925-00058391 calculate and here I'm talking about SRP
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00161-00058392-00058584 it will calculate something that's been
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00162-00058585-00059082 creatively called X so the SRP X and
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00163-00059083-00059567 this is a client secret that that the
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00164-00059569-00059946 client has or can derive from local
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00165-00059947-00060525 password heater evasion stuff and from
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00166-00060526-00060990 the from the X the client computes a V a
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00167-00060991-00061464 verifier and this verifier is what gets
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00168-00061465-00061725 sent to the server on first registration
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00169-00061726-00062163 and because we're going to have clients
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00170-00062164-00062412 logging in or connecting from different
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00171-00062413-00062832 places we can't store the salt purely
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00172-00062833-00063111 locally the salt has to go to the server
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00173-00063112-00063582 so it can pass that down to new clients
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00174-00063583-00064128 trying to connect ok now during the
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00175-00064129-00064712 actual authentication it's really nice
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00176-00064713-00065079 the client arrives it's X from its
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00177-00065079-00065634 various secrets the client and server do
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00178-00065635-00066609 a little bit of difficulty
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00179-00066610-00066848 the mathematical relationship between
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00180-00066849-00067365 the server's verifier and X the client
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00181-00067366-00067578 proves to the server that it knows X
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00182-00067579-00067919 without sending any secrets and without
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00183-00067920-00068259 sending anything replayable the server
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00184-00068260-00068501 proves to the client that it knows the
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00185-00068502-00068772 verifier V so you get mutual
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00186-00068773-00069200 authentication this whole thing is done
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00187-00069201-00069630 in a non replayable way and a session
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00188-00069631-00069932 key is also generated so you encrypt the
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00189-00069933-00070178 rest of the session with something
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00190-00070179-00070430 derived during this authentication
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00191-00070431-00071024 process so that you can have a much more
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00192-00071025-00071430 secure transport another layer of
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00193-00071431-00071806 Transport Security the main thing is
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00194-00071807-00072380 that a cake does a lot of really
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00195-00072381-00072723 wonderful things that solve an enormous
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00196-00072724-00073193 problem with just login security but
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00197-00073194-00073751 that verifier is attackable in the same
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00198-00073752-00074105 way that a password hash is attackable
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00199-00074106-00074616 it's not a password hash but if an
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00200-00074617-00075188 attacker gets that verifier and the salt
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00201-00075189-00075516 and knows the algorithms which of course
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00202-00075517-00075719 are actually specified out in our white
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00203-00075720-00076262 paper then the attacker can run password
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00204-00076263-00076682 guesses go through our whole local key
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00205-00076683-00077068 derivation process see if generating X
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00206-00077069-00077312 generate the V from the X see if it's
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00207-00077313-00077531 the same and if they've made the right
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00208-00077532-00077979 guess then they'll get the same be so it
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00209-00077980-00078534 can be used in the same way that a hash
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00210-00078535-00079196 could be used in in terms of cracking so
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00211-00079197-00079688 the V is no worse than what we have you
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00212-00079689-00079931 know then than what we have but it's no
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00213-00079932-00079989 better
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00214-00079990-00080457 either and of course in our key
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00215-00080458-00080826 derivation process we use a ton of pbk
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00216-00080827-00081075 tf2 and all of those sorts of things
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00217-00081076-00081948 that you're supposed to do but this this
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00218-00081949-00082287 again isn't really enough we have to
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00219-00082288-00082554 perform all of that key derivation that
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00220-00082555-00082869 or that's all performed by the users
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00221-00082870-00083304 client and so we're computationally
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00222-00083305-00083628 bound by whatever the user has in their
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00223-00083629-00084174 pockets and and in terms of algorithms
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00224-00084175-00084531 and systems were bound by having to
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00225-00084532-00084720 actually have this work on all of our
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00226-00084721-00085038 clients platforms so we're still stuck
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00227-00085039-00085227 with pbk tf2 even though there are
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00228-00085228-00086007 better successors and we do what is it I
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00229-00086008-00086169 think at the moment it's a hundred
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00230-00086170-00086736 thousand rounds with H Mac sha256 so you
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00231-00086737-00087372 know it's not bad okay um I'm going to
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00232-00087373-00087756 talk about things like a fifty bit
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00233-00087757-00087981 password you know or password with 50
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00234-00087982-00088344 bits of strengths and here I'm actually
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00235-00088345-00088781 quoting from my first passwords con talk
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00236-00088782-00089061 don't need to actually know this because
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00237-00089062-00089199 I also haven't given you the definition
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00238-00089200-00089652 of gamma but the general idea is you
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00239-00089653-00090117 take the average number of guesses given
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00240-00090118-00090345 a distribution of passwords to find a
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00241-00090346-00090681 particular password there's a fifty
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00242-00090682-00090858 percent probability so you've got
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00243-00090859-00091167 basically it's like guessing entropy you
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00244-00091168-00091413 you're counting up how many guesses it
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00245-00091414-00091665 takes to have a good chance of guessing
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00246-00091666-00091905 a password and then you're just taking
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00247-00091906-00092139 the base 2 logarithm of that count to
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00248-00092140-00092370 get it all nicely and bit so you can
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00249-00092371-00092541 compare it with the other things that we
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00250-00092542-00092979 do so that's what I mean when I talk
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00251-00092980-00093183 about the strength of a password
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00252-00093184-00094485 in what follows now I okay look he's
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00253-00094486-00094626 American so I don't have to give a
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00254-00094627-00094977 French pronunciation aah buh now and
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00255-00094978-00095313 schachter did a nice little preliminary
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00256-00095314-00095586 thing at the beginning of a paper where
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00257-00095587-00095943 they actually made estimates of cost to
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00258-00095944-00096555 crack by looking at the total results of
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00259-00096556-00097263 Bitcoin mining in 2013 and you know and
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00260-00097264-00097488 these are extremely rough broad
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00261-00097489-00097887 estimates you know necessarily but but
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00262-00097888-00098181 they came up with a figure of about a
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00263-00098182-00098778 million dollars for two to the 70
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00264-00098779-00099405 cryptographic operations if a slow hash
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00265-00099406-00099663 of something like our pbk tf2 we're just
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00266-00099664-00099894 guessing a password is more
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00267-00099895-00100074 computationally expensive than
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00268-00100075-00100689 performing a single hash operation or or
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00269-00100690-00100887 testing a particular aes key or
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00270-00100888-00101292 something like that if testing a
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00271-00101293-00101725 password is a million times slower than
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00272-00101726-00101861 [Music]
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00273-00101862-00102120 testing a single hash you're testing a
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00274-00102121-00102494 single asq something like that because
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00275-00102495-00102702 you're also generating your guesses and
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00276-00102703-00103058 all of that computation then that adds
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00277-00103059-00103890 an effective 20 bits and if we just take
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00278-00103891-00104480 moore's law from their 2013 estimate
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00279-00104481-00104826 we'd say that a computation is four
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00280-00104827-00105485 times keeper today so so what this means
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00281-00105486-00105816 is that a well hashed password you know
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00282-00105817-00106133 something is good strong you know use of
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00283-00106134-00106545 argon bcrypt whatever
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00284-00106546-00106934 needs a strength of more than fifty two
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00285-00106935-00107595 bits to to kind of be at the edge of a
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00286-00107596-00108450 million-dollar attack so we're you know
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00287-00108451-00108710 we're adding the 20 bits of effective
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00288-00108711-00109052 strength of the slow hashing gets us 72
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00289-00109053-00109338 but we've taken off two bits for the
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00290-00109339-00109893 difference between now and 2013 okay so
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00291-00109894-00110285 added no out another passwords con talk
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00292-00110286-00110633 I talked about our wordless towered I
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00293-00110634-00110844 swear like system in the words we've
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00294-00110845-00111188 developed it's approximately eighteen
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00295-00111189-00111531 thousand four hundred words wordless so
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00296-00111532-00111951 a passphrase from that word list that
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00297-00111952-00112181 has just three words in it is
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00298-00112182-00112488 approximately forty two bits one that's
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00299-00112489-00113006 four words is approximately 56 bits and
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00300-00113007-00113295 one that's five words is approximately
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00301-00113296-00113594 70 bits and then using these estimates
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00302-00113595-00114069 the cost of cracking those is about a
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00303-00114070-00114426 thousand dollars for the three for the
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00304-00114427-00114689 three word one tens of millions for the
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00305-00114690-00115158 forward one and astronomical for five
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00306-00115158-00115950 words now in our user interface from
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00307-00115951-00116486 people sign up we encourage we default
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00308-00116488-00116960 to showing them to for generating for
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00309-00116961-00117377 them forward passwords but we suspect
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00310-00117378-00117672 that most people either choose their own
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00311-00117673-00118188 passwords or or go down to three words
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00312-00118189-00118808 instead of forwards and so we don't have
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00313-00118809-00119100 data on this obviously we don't know how
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00314-00119101-00119322 strong our customers master passwords
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00315-00119323-00119516 are because if we can have that
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00316-00119517-00119735 information that would actually be a bad
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00317-00119736-00120030 thing
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00318-00120031-00120411 or the capacity to gain that information
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00319-00120413-00121000 would be a bad thing but it's safe to
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00320-00121001-00121291 assume that a substantial portion of our
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00321-00121292-00121564 customers will have master passwords
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00322-00121565-00122032 that are under 42 bits and therefore
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00323-00122033-00122338 crackable on the order of a thousand
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00324-00122339-00123349 dollars so you've got your service you
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00325-00123350-00123508 know and you know and we're worried
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00326-00123508-00123730 about of course insider attacks you're
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00327-00123731-00123960 worried about your traditional hacking
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00328-00123961-00124258 attack and of course their attacks via
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00329-00124258-00124611 subpoena or legal structure and you know
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00330-00124613-00124792 I mean normally I just list those three
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00331-00124793-00125008 and don't say anything but you know I
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00332-00125008-00125215 mean us Packers we talk about these
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00333-00125216-00125514 really bizarre hypothetical situations
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00334-00125515-00125776 you know things that you know you know
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00335-00125777-00126088 just abstract worst-case things like as
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00336-00126089-00126411 a hypothetical if like a thin-skinned
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00337-00126413-00126735 erratic narcissist with no sense of
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00338-00126736-00127122 civil liberties were to just somehow
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00339-00127123-00127354 come to control the world's most
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00340-00127355-00127819 powerful surveillance apparatus you may
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00341-00127820-00128119 be a little bit concerned about whether
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00342-00128120-00128638 you are storing on your servers stuff
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00343-00128639-00128925 that would be valuable to such an entity
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00344-00128926-00129493 so we're basically cowards and we don't
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00345-00129494-00130090 want to store such information so so
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00346-00130091-00130399 this is why we introduce the two secret
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00347-00130400-00130567 key derivation that I talked about last
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00348-00130568-00130875 year where you've got a high entropy
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00349-00130876-00131203 user secret that is stored on their
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00350-00131204-00132030 machines and and that means that data
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00351-00132031-00132631 captured from us is you know that though
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00352-00132632-00132925 that the verifiers that we store that
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00353-00132926-00133072 the bear five from the salts that we
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00354-00133073-00133152 store
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00355-00133153-00133543 are insufficient to launch a plausible
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00356-00133544-00133761 password cracking attack the attacker
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00357-00133762-00134115 would also need to get this thing that
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00358-00134116-00134506 we call an account key from from the UC
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00359-00134507-00134818 system so that's why we introduced the
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00360-00134819-00135099 account key but as I said and to
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00361-00135100-00135348 actually get back to where we're where
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00362-00135349-00136108 we're going the account key increases
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00363-00136109-00136437 the possibility of people getting
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00364-00136438-00136899 themselves locked out so that compelled
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00365-00136900-00137448 us to do that compelled us to really
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00366-00137449-00137673 have to have some kind of recovery
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00367-00137674-00137958 system and to explain how our recovery
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00368-00137959-00138411 system works I need to describe a lot of
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00369-00138412-00138750 the internal keys and structures used
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00370-00138751-00139214 within one password four teams families
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00371-00139215-00139772 so when a person creates their account
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00372-00139773-00140107 they you know their client generates a
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00373-00140108-00140499 public/private key pair we call this the
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00374-00140500-00141150 personal key set and and the private
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00375-00141151-00141339 part of the secret part of that key is
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00376-00141340-00141489 encrypted with something that's derived
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00377-00141490-00141885 from their account keys and and master
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00378-00141886-00142104 password so we've got these personal key
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00379-00142105-00142546 sets public/private key pairs data is
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00380-00142547-00142989 stored in vaults in our terminology so
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00381-00142990-00143288 particular items for one pet food item
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00382-00143289-00143565 you will have evolved with multiple
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00383-00143566-00144285 items again just very briefly the all of
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00384-00144286-00144797 our controls are in terms of vaults and
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00385-00144798-00145120 every item within evolved is encrypted
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00386-00145121-00145396 with that vault vault key which is a
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00387-00145397-00145950 symmetric key and so when you create a
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00388-00145951-00146269 vault you also generate the symmetric
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00389-00146270-00146439 key for that vault
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00390-00146440-00146694 and when you add someone to that fault
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00391-00146695-00146952 when you share the vault with them you
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00392-00146953-00147246 encrypt the vault key with the
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00393-00147247-00147882 recipients public key okay now then
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00394-00147883-00148101 there's something that is entirely or
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00395-00148102-00148548 that is largely invisible to users these
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00396-00148549-00148980 are groups and a group also has
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00397-00148981-00149232 something like a personal key set but
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00398-00149233-00149475 it's not a person it's a group so we
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00399-00149476-00149700 need another name for it but we don't
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00400-00149701-00149844 talk about it that much so we don't
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00401-00149845-00150012 actually have a name for it let me call
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00402-00150013-00150750 it the group key set and and but a group
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00403-00150751-00151134 behaves but things will be encrypted
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00404-00151135-00151935 with the group's public key and then the
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00405-00151936-00152567 people who are able to decrypt the the
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00406-00152568-00152853 the secret key for the vault are the
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00407-00152854-00153150 members of that vault so they can
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00408-00153151-00153710 decrypt 60 the secret key for a vault is
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00409-00153711-00154137 encrypted with Bob's public key Bob can
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00410-00154138-00154677 decrypt decrypt that get to get the
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00411-00154678-00154986 secret key for the vault and then get
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00412-00154987-00155205 anything that is encrypted with the
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00413-00155206-00155888 vaults public key man I hate this stuff
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00414-00155889-00156407 okay I hope that was all perfectly clear
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00415-00156408-00156738 okay but that all of that about groups
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00416-00156739-00157002 was to introduce the notion of a special
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00417-00157003-00157341 group called the recovery group it is
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00418-00157342-00157599 created when a team family is created so
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00419-00157600-00158159 the owner organizer of a team gets the
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00420-00158160-00158697 gets the private key for for the
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00421-00158698-00158997 recovery group the owner can add people
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00422-00158998-00159333 to the recovery group by you know again
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00423-00159334-00159499 it's sending
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00424-00159500-00159865 it's sending the private key sending the
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00425-00159866-00160039 secret key to the recovery of the
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00426-00160040-00160321 recovery group to the and encrypting
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00427-00160322-00160555 that with a public key of whoever
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00428-00160556-00160930 they're adding to it but unlike other
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00429-00160931-00161475 groups the server does not deliver the
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00430-00161476-00161884 encrypted vault keys held by the group
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00431-00161885-00162319 except under special circumstances so so
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00432-00162320-00162600 those things are not sent to the client
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00433-00162601-00163582 normally okay so at the beginning of the
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00434-00163583-00164017 process bob is the team owner I notice
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00435-00164018-00164269 Bob and Carol I originally had a more
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00436-00164270-00165174 complicated layout bob is the owner the
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00437-00165175-00165850 the secret key sub R is the secret key
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00438-00165851-00166255 belonging to the recovery group and that
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00439-00166256-00166591 gets encrypted with Bob's public key so
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00440-00166592-00167101 bob has that Carol joins so she
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00441-00167102-00167365 generates a vault key and she often
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00442-00167366-00167560 generates other you know personal pset
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00443-00167561-00167806 and of course people will have multiple
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00444-00167807-00168103 vaults but Caesar just do one she
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00445-00168104-00168337 generates vault key she encrypts her
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00446-00168338-00168802 items with that vault key that's
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00447-00168803-00169210 actually a fairly that's a process that
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00448-00169211-00169471 spelled out elsewhere I'm just doing
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00449-00169472-00169891 that one line here and she sends to the
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00450-00169892-00170626 server her encrypted data and but he is
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00451-00170627-00171454 also sending to the server the her vault
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00452-00171455-00171892 key encrypted with the public key of the
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00453-00171893-00172278 recovery group
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00454-00172279-00172874 and see bob has the has the ability to
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00455-00172875-00173346 write okay let me just continue and now
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00456-00173347-00173946 it gets worse okay so carol has decide
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00457-00173947-00174570 carol has informed Bob through some
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00458-00174571-00175011 other mechanism that she has forgotten
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00459-00175012-00175188 her master password lost her account he
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00460-00175189-00175854 needs account recovery and and so and so
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00461-00175855-00176315 Bob authenticates to the system and
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00462-00176316-00176658 clicks a start recovery for Carol thing
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00463-00176659-00177108 which sends instructions to Carol to her
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00464-00177109-00177462 email so email is very much part of the
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00465-00177463-00178124 recovery process and what these
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00466-00178125-00178392 instructions and it also changes the
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00467-00178393-00178757 state of Carol's count on the system
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00468-00178758-00179238 basically have Carol go through a repeat
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00469-00179239-00179478 of the initial sign on procedure it
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00470-00179479-00179643 looks a little different there are fewer
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00471-00179644-00179949 things you have to do but she gets a new
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00472-00179950-00180273 account key again that's generated by
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00473-00180274-00180432 the client she picks a new master
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00474-00180433-00181004 password and but she is generating a new
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00475-00181005-00181488 public key set and so as a new personal
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00476-00181489-00181779 key set she's sending her public key her
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00477-00181780-00182052 new public key to the server when the
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00478-00182053-00182277 server receives her new public key when
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00479-00182278-00182652 she's completed that process it sends a
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00480-00182653-00182955 notice to Bob saying okay now you can go
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00481-00182956-00183458 through the complete recovery step and
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00482-00183459-00184023 when Bob clicks on that the complete
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00483-00184024-00184958 recovery then then the server will send
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00484-00184959-00185176 the
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00485-00185177-00185545 the vault keys ba Carol's vault keys
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00486-00185546-00185869 encrypted with the recovery that that
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00487-00185870-00186201 were encrypted with the recovery keys
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00488-00186202-00186634 public key oh man this stuff is really
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00489-00186635-00186943 is is anybody is this actually useful
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00490-00186944-00187105 for anybody or should I just say it
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00491-00187106-00189118 works okay um so so Bob's client now and
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00492-00189119-00189418 only now that is after Carol went
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00493-00189419-00190381 through her process and her steps only
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00494-00190382-00191532 now get the get the keys to her vault
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00495-00191533-00191923 that are encrypted to the recovery
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00496-00191924-00192877 groups public key and since bob has has
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00497-00192878-00193291 the secret key for the recovery group he
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00498-00193292-00193819 can decrypt that get Carroll's old vault
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00499-00193820-00194386 key and then here Ian crypts it with
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00500-00194387-00195025 Carol's new public key and sends and so
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00501-00195026-00195750 sins to the server Carol's old vault key
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00502-00195751-00196108 now rien cryptid with Carol's new public
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00503-00196109-00196465 key and the server will send that and
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00504-00196466-00196884 that vault data to Carol who can now
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00505-00196885-00197478 decrypt her vault key the old vault key
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00506-00197479-00197816 using her new public key
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00507-00197817-00198068 and can then use that to actually
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00508-00198069-00198546 decrypt the vault or the items in the
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00509-00198547-00199460 vault and get her data so there are
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00510-00199461-00199970 couple things to note about this and
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00511-00199971-00200319 these are things that are enforced by
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00512-00200320-00200648 the server so you know not fully
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00513-00200649-00200900 cryptographically enforced which would
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00514-00200901-00201372 be better but it's what we had to do so
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00515-00201373-00201606 a member of the recovery group will not
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00516-00201607-00201860 be granted to the encrypted data in a
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00517-00201861-00202068 vault that they otherwise wouldn't have
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00518-00202069-00202719 access to so so if carol has evolved
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00519-00202720-00203054 let's call it her personal vault that
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00520-00203055-00203468 Bob should not normally have access to
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00521-00203469-00203982 while doing this process his client does
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00522-00203983-00204684 get that vault key he's not actually
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00523-00204685-00204989 given the data for that vault so the
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00524-00204990-00205615 server won't transmit take to him the
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00525-00205616-00206339 date in that vault the a member of the
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00526-00206340-00206582 recovery group will only be sent the
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00527-00206583-00206833 encrypted vault keys after the user
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00528-00206834-00207179 requesting recovery has recreated their
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00529-00207180-00207488 account that is so carol has to get the
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00530-00207489-00207878 notification to here's your next step in
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00531-00207879-00208538 what to do for recovery and so she gets
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00532-00208539-00208784 that notification she has to act on it
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00533-00208785-00209203 and regenerate her stuff and only then
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00534-00209204-00209700 will the server send Bob the vault key
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00535-00209701-00210165 that's encrypted with the group public
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00536-00210166-00210244 key
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00537-00210244-00210955 if if the user successfully
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00538-00210956-00211400 authenticates prior to completion of
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00539-00211401-00211640 this recovery the whole recovery thing
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00540-00211641-00211825 is cancelled and the server won't send
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00541-00211826-00212535 Bob anything so that is if if Carol
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00542-00212536-00212813 thought that you forgot a master
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00543-00212814-00213029 password requested recovery or of course
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00544-00213030-00213563 of somebody fake requested recovery once
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00545-00213564-00213848 she actually successfully logs in before
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00546-00213848-00214171 any complete recovery thing we know that
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00547-00214173-00214603 she doesn't actually need the recovery
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00548-00214604-00215264 okay so the biggest and most obvious
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00549-00215265-00215742 attack on this is that sorry China is my
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00550-00215744-00216152 kind of problematic dog very very sweet
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00551-00216153-00216569 under the right circumstances and more
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00552-00216569-00217073 game is just a very sweet dog anyway if
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00553-00217073-00217265 China's a member of the recovery group
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00554-00217266-00217814 for a team with Morgan as a member then
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00555-00217815-00218114 if China can intercept and tamper with
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00556-00218115-00218581 Morgan's email then okay sorry I really
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00557-00218582-00218884 give these slides forget my spelling I
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00558-00218885-00219296 can't spell then China has the power to
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00559-00219296-00220182 take over Morgan's account so if if the
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00560-00220183-00220439 notification if the email of here are
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00561-00220440-00221117 the steps to do to to you know Carol or
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00562-00221117-00221635 to Morgan are accepted by China and not
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00563-00221636-00221980 actually delivered to Morgan then China
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00564-00221981-00222419 can go and recreate Morgan's account
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00565-00222419-00223037 with with her own account key master
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00566-00223038-00223442 password and then we'll we'll be able to
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00567-00223442-00223607 do a complete takeover
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00568-00223608-00224153 but again this is a capacity that is
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00569-00224154-00224486 limited to the particular team or
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00570-00224487-00225239 organization so it's a power that that
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00571-00225240-00225740 you know let's say widgets Co uses one
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00572-00225741-00226044 password for teams they set things up
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00573-00226046-00226348 their account owner or various
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00574-00226350-00226811 administrators have this capacity to to
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00575-00226812-00227104 take over individual comfort in it okay
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00576-00227105-00227887 so we have some general advice for for
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00577-00227888-00228239 organizations that do this members of
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00578-00228240-00228442 the recovery group should be adept at
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00579-00228444-00228673 keeping the devices that they use secure
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00580-00228675-00229019 and free of malware they should be aware
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00581-00229019-00229360 of social engineering degree we
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00582-00229361-00229769 encourage them to verify requests for
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00583-00229769-00229928 recovery through something other than
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00584-00229929-00230153 email you know to use some other
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00585-00230154-00230423 channels of communication as appropriate
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00586-00230423-00230651 for their organization we don't know
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00587-00230652-00231046 their organization oh right that was my
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00588-00231048-00231448 next point okay ah you should be aware
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00589-00231450-00232103 of email attacks and if the last member
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00590-00232104-00232367 of a recovery group gets run over by a
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00591-00232367-00233060 bus that's it you no one else can be
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00592-00233061-00233246 added to the recovery group because
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00593-00233246-00233642 nobody has the secret key for the
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00594-00233642-00234367 recovery group and and then you just
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00595-00234369-00234584 have to make sure that people don't
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00596-00234585-00234773 forget their master password to lose
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00597-00234773-00235471 their account keys okay and so I'll
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00598-00235473-00236351 actually finish where my so I've in Las
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00599-00236352-00236708 Vegas I just kind of presented what this
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00600-00236709-00236971 process looked like to the user
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00601-00236973-00237173 I can play the five minute video of that
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00602-00237173-00237764 and have one minute for questions or I
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00603-00237765-00238040 could skip that video and have six
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00604-00238041-00238958 minutes for questions okay to questions
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00605-00238959-00239071 on going with the video
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00606-00239073-00241204 [Music]
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00607-00241205-00241456 okay so that's China when you see her
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00608-00241457-00242305 picture this is what she's doing you
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00609-00242306-00242647 know so she's received a request out of
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00610-00242648-00243669 band from Morgan to recover she does a
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00611-00243670-00244156 begin recovery and so all this is doing
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00612-00244157-00244330 is setting the server in a particular
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00613-00244331-00244780 state to watch logins and sends a you
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00614-00244781-00245077 know and and informs Morgan what she
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00615-00245078-00245574 needs to do Morgan then goes through
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00616-00245575-00245878 something that's like our initial thing
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00617-00245879-00246464 she gets assigned a an account key this
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00618-00246465-00246791 is also stored by the browser if he's
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00619-00246792-00247150 using the web client and I you have to
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00620-00247151-00247294 see the talk from the summer to
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00621-00247295-00247468 understand what we do to make sure
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00622-00247469-00248020 people don't lose account keys pixel
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00623-00248021-00248416 master password and now so at this point
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00624-00248417-00248890 she's created a new personal key set and
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00625-00248891-00249391 her new public key has been sent to the
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00626-00249392-00249850 server and so now we're back to China
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00627-00249851-00250147 who gets notified to complete the
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00628-00250148-00250459 recovery channel logs in again and
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00629-00250460-00250770 simply presses a complete recovery
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00630-00250771-00251344 button but that is but that is where she
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00631-00251345-00251775 is getting Morgan's old vault keys
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00632-00251776-00252065 decrypting with a Recovery Group key and
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00633-00252066-00253204 then we encrypting
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00634-00253205-00253925 and now Morgan can sign in again and her
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00635-00253926-00254342 precious data that she created earlier
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00636-00254344-00254606 in a different set of videos that were
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00637-00254607-00255069 used in that talk all right sorry if
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00638-00255069-00255302 this is one of the ways we encourage
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00639-00255303-00255704 people to not lose their account keys as
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00640-00255705-00255917 we actually encourage people print this
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00641-00255919-00256148 thing out this is again it's all
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00642-00256149-00256634 generated client-side and there we go
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00643-00256635-00257339 she has her precious data back again and
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00644-00257340-00257597 that's the best about something else
+PyGgEfIB_yy-00645-00257598-00258138 anyway okay so our questions
+PzaZN4i9TAg-00000-00000024-00000271 these are my old headphones
+PzaZN4i9TAg-00001-00000272-00000519 they don't sound too bad but they have
+PzaZN4i9TAg-00002-00000520-00000767 one problem ignoring of course the
+PzaZN4i9TAg-00003-00000768-00001087 broken rubber that problem is the volume
+PzaZN4i9TAg-00004-00001088-00001343 control that makes a distorted sound
+PzaZN4i9TAg-00005-00001344-00001543 each time you turn it
+PzaZN4i9TAg-00006-00001544-00001743 for that reason i'll attempt to remove
+PzaZN4i9TAg-00007-00001744-00001982 the volume control entirely as a fun
+PzaZN4i9TAg-00008-00001984-00002142 challenge
+PzaZN4i9TAg-00009-00002143-00002383 there are just two screws holding this
+PzaZN4i9TAg-00010-00002384-00002679 plastic enclosure containing both the
+PzaZN4i9TAg-00011-00002680-00002950 volume control knob and the microphone
+PzaZN4i9TAg-00012-00002951-00003303 on off switch
+PzaZN4i9TAg-00013-00003304-00003470 i needed to pop off
+PzaZN4i9TAg-00014-00003471-00003695 the decorative part of the switch
+PzaZN4i9TAg-00015-00003696-00004038 carefully to not break it
+PzaZN4i9TAg-00016-00004039-00004263 and then by pulling slowly
+PzaZN4i9TAg-00017-00004264-00004647 this top part comes off revealing a pcb
+PzaZN4i9TAg-00018-00004648-00004943 a switch a potentiometer
+PzaZN4i9TAg-00019-00004944-00005311 and the thinnest wires ever seen
+PzaZN4i9TAg-00020-00005312-00005591 now i'll need to remove the other
+PzaZN4i9TAg-00021-00005592-00005967 plastic cover and carefully turn the pcb
+PzaZN4i9TAg-00022-00005968-00007655 upside down to see the traces on it
+PzaZN4i9TAg-00023-00007656-00007927 i'm going to make sure to check which
+PzaZN4i9TAg-00024-00007928-00008095 connection goes where
+PzaZN4i9TAg-00025-00008095-00008367 with the help of a short wire
+PzaZN4i9TAg-00026-00008368-00008719 and sound coming from the computer
+PzaZN4i9TAg-00027-00008720-00008935 while i jump the connection i am
+PzaZN4i9TAg-00028-00008936-00009159 listening to which of the headphones the
+PzaZN4i9TAg-00029-00009160-00010539 sound is going to
+PzaZN4i9TAg-00030-00010540-00012055 [Music]
+PzaZN4i9TAg-00031-00012056-00014399 and marking it down
+PzaZN4i9TAg-00032-00014400-00014694 now what's left to do is to solder a
+PzaZN4i9TAg-00033-00014695-00015047 jumper wire between the solder joints
+PzaZN4i9TAg-00034-00015047-00015327 the ones in the middle don't need any
+PzaZN4i9TAg-00035-00015328-00015575 wires since they are so close together i
+PzaZN4i9TAg-00036-00015576-00015671 can just
+PzaZN4i9TAg-00037-00015672-00015847 join them with solder
+PzaZN4i9TAg-00038-00015847-00016086 by the way always remember to solder in
+PzaZN4i9TAg-00039-00016087-00016335 a well ventilated place
+PzaZN4i9TAg-00040-00016336-00016805 you don't want to breathe the smoke
+PzaZN4i9TAg-00042-00020627-00021906 [Music]
+PzaZN4i9TAg-00043-00021907-00022430 [Music]
+PzaZN4i9TAg-00044-00022431-00022694 and i'm not an expert soldering as you
+PzaZN4i9TAg-00045-00022695-00023074 can see
+PzaZN4i9TAg-00046-00023075-00023655 [Music]
+PzaZN4i9TAg-00047-00023656-00023814 there all done
+PzaZN4i9TAg-00048-00023815-00024030 now these headphones can continue being
+PzaZN4i9TAg-00049-00024031-00024191 used
+PzaZN4i9TAg-00050-00024192-00024527 without having an unstable volume
+PzaZN4i9TAg-00051-00024528-00024911 yes i am ignoring the rubber for now
+PzaZN4i9TAg-00052-00024912-00025259 thanks for watching
+P-6sfM92oak-00000-00000058-00000424 pastimes and activities giving your
+P-6sfM92oak-00001-00000425-00000911 opinion where should we take a vacation
+P-6sfM92oak-00002-00000911-00001286 this year let's decide soon well I'd
+P-6sfM92oak-00003-00001287-00001579 like to go somewhere warm how about the
+P-6sfM92oak-00004-00001580-00001810 beach or we could rent a cabin on the
+P-6sfM92oak-00005-00001811-00002164 lake you want to go to the beach again I
+P-6sfM92oak-00006-00002165-00002489 want to ski this winter how about a
+P-6sfM92oak-00007-00002490-00002588 compromise
+P-6sfM92oak-00008-00002589-00002840 what about traveling to the Alps in
+P-6sfM92oak-00009-00002841-00003104 Europe next April we can find a ski
+P-6sfM92oak-00010-00003105-00003452 resort on a lake oh we've never been to
+P-6sfM92oak-00011-00003453-00003736 Europe before but I don't know if it
+P-6sfM92oak-00012-00003738-00004001 will be sunny and warm then I need to do
+P-6sfM92oak-00013-00004002-00004220 some research first that will help me
+P-6sfM92oak-00014-00004221-00004408 make up my mind
+P-6sfM92oak-00015-00004409-00004972 language notes decide is a useful verb
+P-6sfM92oak-00016-00004973-00005333 to express choice the idiom to make up
+P-6sfM92oak-00017-00005334-00005761 my mind also means to decide there are
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+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00000-00001916-00002567 today's topic is magnetron sputtering so
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00001-00002568-00002932 it is one of the deposition process
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00002-00002933-00003295 under physical vapor deposition
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00003-00003296-00003767 technology and let us have a quick look
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00004-00003768-00004322 to this non magnetron sputtering which
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00005-00004323-00004676 is commonly known as planar diode
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00006-00004677-00004994 sputtering what are those features and
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00007-00004995-00005339 how does it differ from the magnetron
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00008-00005340-00005849 sputtering now we can have a sputtering
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00009-00005850-00007149 chamber and here located the target and
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00010-00007150-00007570 this is the substrate now these are the
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00011-00007572-00008093 leaders which is connected to this power
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00012-00008094-00008296 supply and we have a negative
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00013-00008297-00008615 polarization and this can be grounded
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00014-00008616-00009037 and this is actually the substrate that
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00015-00009038-00009551 means receptor surface receptor of this
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00016-00009552-00009838 coating material which will be dislodged
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00017-00009839-00010109 and deducted from this side and it will
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00018-00010110-00010354 come like a flux which will be
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00019-00010355-00010649 intercepted by this substrate material
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00020-00010650-00011027 now here what we can do further to what
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00021-00011028-00011333 we have added that means this substrate
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00022-00011334-00011830 can be also polarized that means it can
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00023-00011831-00012202 also have one negative polarity which is
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00024-00012203-00012580 independent of this power supply and in
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00025-00012581-00013172 between we can have a plate which is
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00026-00013172-00013607 called the shutter the whole idea here
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00027-00013608-00014163 is to have the best possible clean
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00028-00014165-00014528 substrate and clean target now this is
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00029-00014529-00014915 one of the very speciality of sputtering
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00030-00014916-00015013 process
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00031-00015013-00015409 the whole idea here is to have the
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00032-00015410-00015709 virgin surface of the target as well as
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00033-00015710-00016090 the clean surface of the substrate in
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00034-00016091-00016459 order that we can have the best possible
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00035-00016460-00016840 coating in terms of all the quality
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00036-00016841-00017130 whether it is the mechanical property or
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00037-00017131-00017410 electrical property or any functional
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00038-00017411-00017694 property so that the best effort is made
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00039-00017695-00018058 here and this is here in this sputtering
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00040-00018059-00018447 technology we get an edge over any other
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00041-00018448-00018955 coating technology that in situ during
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00042-00018956-00019309 the process once the the target material
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00043-00019310-00019605 that means the source material and the
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00044-00019606-00019825 substrate that means the receptor
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00045-00019826-00020107 materials are admitted inside the
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00046-00020108-00020482 chamber then they are cleaned and this
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00047-00020483-00020775 is done in situ and that is the
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00048-00020776-00021030 speciality of this sputtering process
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00049-00021031-00021340 now what we can have
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00050-00021341-00021718 just like the shutter so here it will be
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00051-00021719-00021877 negatively polarized
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00052-00021878-00022102 similarly the substrate is also
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00053-00022103-00022414 negatively polarized this is electrical
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00054-00022415-00022666 isolation these are the electrical
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00055-00022667-00023011 isolation and this can be also grounded
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00056-00023012-00023281 so these are separated electrically
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00057-00023282-00023602 isolated from this chamber and obviously
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00058-00023603-00024009 here we have precise metered quantity of
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00059-00024010-00024463 argon argon gas which is admitted so
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00060-00024464-00024724 rest of the thing it is according to the
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00061-00024725-00025033 principle of sputtering now during this
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00062-00025034-00025393 process what happens this can be
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00063-00025394-00025775 grounded with the with the chamber and
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00064-00025776-00026062 what is going to happen in this case
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00065-00026063-00026476 that sputtering will occur and that
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00066-00026477-00026814 means rejection of the material will
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00067-00026816-00027124 take place from the surface similarly
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00068-00027125-00027355 dislodgement of the substrate surface
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00069-00027356-00027679 that will also occur so in this process
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00070-00027680-00028156 if there will be any contaminant any any
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00071-00028157-00028366 impurity oxide scale
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00072-00028367-00028636 or anything any foreign material that
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00073-00028637-00028843 will be removed and that may be
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00074-00028844-00029050 collected on the both sides of the
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00075-00029051-00029287 shattered plate and later that can be
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00076-00029288-00029620 cleaned or that can be replaced and once
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00077-00029620-00030045 that is done reasonably and this is a
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00078-00030047-00030397 function of the operational parameter
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00079-00030398-00030724 and time then what is going to happen
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00080-00030725-00031068 then the shutter is removed and thereby
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00081-00031069-00031519 extending this plasma over this and then
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00082-00031520-00031839 the sputtering starts and this flux is
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00083-00031841-00032137 intercepted by the substrate so at the
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00084-00032138-00032427 very beginning what happens at the very
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00085-00032429-00032797 beginning the sputtering is done on this
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00086-00032798-00033112 top surface and the incoming material is
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00087-00033113-00033442 collected from the target similarly it
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00088-00033443-00033709 is above the substrate and then it is
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00089-00033710-00033991 also collected this material and then
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00090-00033992-00034420 both are now absolutely cleaned and very
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00091-00034421-00034750 surface so here this ions are used and
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00092-00034751-00035128 this is more or less what we can call
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00093-00035129-00035410 ion etching that means removal of the
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00094-00035411-00035833 material so this one can recognize this
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00095-00035834-00036259 very special advantage of sputtering but
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00096-00036260-00036780 this is still what we call DC planar
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00097-00036781-00037264 diode sputtering DC planar sputtering it
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00098-00037265-00037549 is the simplest one but it is not
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00099-00037550-00038158 independent of any difficulty so in even
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00100-00038159-00038476 after realizing that so many flexibility
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00101-00038477-00038830 this process can offer but it has some
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00102-00038831-00039133 of the basic weaknesses and there had
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00103-00039134-00039588 been numerous examples of effort to
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00104-00039589-00039906 improve the situation and to make the
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00105-00039907-00040273 process more efficient more productive
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00106-00040274-00040717 and that's why what we see it is now
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00107-00040718-00041170 called the non magnetron sputtering that
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00108-00041171-00041563 means there will be a magnetron and that
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00109-00041564-00041701 is exactly
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00110-00041702-00042180 what we call as magnetron sputtering now
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00111-00042181-00042460 what are the limitations of planar diode
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00112-00042461-00042849 sputtering why one should at all go for
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00113-00042850-00043198 this magnetron sputtering number one is
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00114-00043199-00043674 that to initiate this discharge what we
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00115-00043675-00044055 require a very high voltage and this is
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00116-00044056-00044485 in the order of few kilo volt it can be
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00117-00044486-00044845 reasonably say three kilo volt so this
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00118-00044846-00045093 is three thousand volt that is necessary
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00119-00045094-00045543 and then argon pressure argon pressure
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00120-00045544-00045952 maybe 50 milli Torr and which is
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00121-00045953-00046435 equivalent to 6.5 Pascal so this is also
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00122-00046436-00046740 another operational parameter so high
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00123-00046741-00047155 voltage and high pressure now these are
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00124-00047156-00047458 the two thing which are at the high end
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00125-00047459-00047877 now our requirement is to maximize the
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00126-00047878-00048154 cathode current that means the discharge
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00127-00048155-00048499 current even with this the discharge
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00128-00048500-00048908 current even it hardly reaches one
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00129-00048909-00049464 ampere and and as a result of that what
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00130-00049465-00049830 we get the ion current density on this
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00131-00049831-00050265 target surface hardly this is one ampere
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00132-00050266-00050467 the discharge current which can be
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00133-00050468-00050989 recorded and measured and this ion
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00134-00050990-00051366 current density it is hardly it is in
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00135-00051367-00051690 this order that means one milliamp per
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00136-00051691-00052123 centimeter square that is the unit area
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00137-00052124-00052506 of this target material so even with the
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00138-00052507-00052840 best effort what we can see that this is
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00139-00052841-00053154 just the order of ion current density
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00140-00053155-00053512 and sputtering rate that will be maybe
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00141-00053513-00053919 around say this is just an indicated 400
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00142-00053920-00054361 and strung per minute so that may be one
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00143-00054362-00054784 of the indicated value for this now
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00144-00054785-00055069 there has been lot of a team
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00145-00055070-00055387 to increase this voltage but this
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00146-00055388-00055692 increase of voltage does not mean that
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00147-00055694-00056077 this material erosion rate or sputtering
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00148-00056078-00056466 yield will increase rather it will keep
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00149-00056467-00056911 on falling so if we consider sputtering
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00150-00056912-00057030 yield yes
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00151-00057032-00057451 that means atom per ion it may take a
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00152-00057452-00057772 shape something like this even with
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00153-00057773-00058002 increase of electron volt that means
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00154-00058003-00058461 when we increase this discharge voltage
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00155-00058462-00058854 naturally what is what we try to
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00156-00058855-00059082 increase that means the ion energy
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00157-00059083-00059499 however at the same time ionization
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00158-00059500-00059794 cross-section that will keep on falling
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00159-00059795-00060175 and as a result this sputtering yield
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00160-00060176-00060544 will also keep on falling so then it is
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00161-00060545-00061021 actually the ion energy so then it is
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00162-00061022-00061350 not a very useful or fruitful method
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00163-00061351-00061714 another way of doing the thing that
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00164-00061715-00062014 means it is actually this discharge
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00165-00062015-00062377 current enhancement augmentation that is
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00166-00062378-00063037 done by this argon pressure however okay
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00167-00063038-00063346 so there we can see definitely an
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00168-00063347-00063607 increase in sputtering illed with
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00169-00063608-00063877 increase of pressure but too much of
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00170-00063878-00064147 increase of pressure what happens that
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00171-00064148-00064566 also restricts the mobility of this
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00172-00064567-00065011 sputtered flux up atom from the target
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00173-00065012-00065479 and also easy movement of this ion or
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00174-00065479-00065752 the electron that is also restricted
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00175-00065753-00066043 because of the too much of crowding of
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00176-00066044-00066484 this argon atom inside and that is
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00177-00066485-00066838 because of this rise of the pressure so
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00178-00066839-00067390 it is a fact that just by increasing
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00179-00067391-00067930 this discharge voltage or this argon
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00180-00067931-00068350 pressure marginal gain may be made but
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00181-00068351-00068453 desk and
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00182-00068454-00068738 be considered as one of the very
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00183-00068739-00069197 efficient process so what we can
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00184-00069198-00069872 summarize here that if we consider this
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00185-00069873-00070937 target and the substrate here then this
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00186-00070938-00071213 is the plasma volume and this is
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00187-00071214-00071557 actually the this is the plasma volume
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00188-00071558-00071902 this this area and this is we call
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00189-00071903-00072524 cathode dark space now what happens this
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00190-00072525-00072980 secondary electrons they have a free
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00191-00072981-00073208 access and they can move in this
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00192-00073209-00073556 direction and they can impinge on the
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00193-00073557-00073901 surface of this receptor surface of the
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00194-00073902-00074243 substrate and in this process it is
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00195-00074244-00074534 high-energy impingement they are by
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00196-00074535-00074831 increasing the temperature of the
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00197-00074832-00075140 substrate and also it could be that
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00198-00075141-00075461 quality of the coating that can be also
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00199-00075462-00075923 a little bit affected so the whole thing
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00200-00075924-00076187 is that this secondary electron it
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00201-00076188-00076478 enters this plasma volume and that
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00202-00076479-00076739 becomes the primary electron and then
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00203-00076740-00077096 they are going to strike so what we see
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00204-00077097-00077471 from this whole process that this
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00205-00077472-00077849 secondary electrons are not efficiently
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00206-00077850-00078173 used in the close proximity of the
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00207-00078174-00078527 target where we need the concentration
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00208-00078528-00079019 of ion and with high energy ion in this
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00209-00079020-00079376 vicinity of this target surface so that
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00210-00079377-00080026 is the whole issue that how to make this
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00211-00080027-00080393 secondary electron which are emitting
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00212-00080394-00080816 from this target surface because of the
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00213-00080817-00081311 striking of this ions argon ions here
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00214-00081312-00081533 this not only just caused dislodgement
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00215-00081534-00081797 of the target material by
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00216-00081798-00082235 also Lamar it is also the emerging of
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00217-00082236-00082571 the secondary electron now how to make
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00218-00082572-00082922 this secondary electron more efficient
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00219-00082923-00083333 so that is now the main issue concerning
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00220-00083334-00084005 this sputtering process so here what we
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00221-00084006-00084353 find that magnetically assisted
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00222-00084354-00084683 sputtering and that is exactly the
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00223-00084684-00085055 origin of this magnetron sputtering in
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00224-00085056-00085460 fact this magnetron what we mean it is
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00225-00085461-00085939 actually magnetically assisted discharge
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00226-00085940-00086393 associated with sputtering that means in
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00227-00086394-00086756 this sputtering device we have one
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00228-00086757-00087100 electric field and in addition to that
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00229-00087101-00087587 there is another magnetic field so they
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00230-00087588-00087842 are come with their combined effect and
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00231-00087843-00088163 atom is made to make this electron
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00232-00088164-00088552 secondary electron more proficient
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00233-00088553-00088907 useful that means a single electron
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00234-00088908-00089228 under the action of both electric and
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00235-00089229-00089492 magnetic field will become more
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00236-00089493-00089885 efficient that means it is expectedly it
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00237-00089886-00090367 will generate more number of ions by
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00238-00090368-00090773 striking having more number of collision
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00239-00090774-00091160 or hits with the argon neutral once it
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00240-00091161-00091481 is coming in the way so that is exactly
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00241-00091482-00091904 where the magnet magnetic assistance is
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00242-00091905-00092524 provided now let us look into this
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00243-00092525-00092918 charged particle moving inside one
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00244-00092919-00093281 magnetic field what happens to that a
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00245-00093282-00093694 charged particle is moving inside a
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00246-00093695-00094010 moving inside a uniform magnetic film
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00247-00094011-00094553 and there are two cases in one velocity
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00248-00094554-00094880 of the charged particle is exactly
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00249-00094881-00095173 perpendicular to the direction of magnet
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00250-00095174-00095557 Phil say for example this is one charged
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00251-00095558-00095998 particle having this velocity V and at
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00252-00095999-00096442 the same time we have here one magnetic
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00253-00096443-00096829 field and that is not denoted by the
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00254-00096830-00097227 symbol B and if these are at right angle
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00255-00097228-00097744 these are at right angle then perhaps it
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00256-00097745-00098134 will be something like that that it will
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00257-00098135-00098599 have it will keep on orbiting and this
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00258-00098600-00099010 orbital radius that will be given by so
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00259-00099011-00099484 here the force will be V into Q into B
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00260-00099485-00099754 where that is the charge that is the
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00261-00099755-00100003 magnetic field and that is the velocity
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00262-00100004-00100341 and that can be equated by this
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00263-00100342-00100765 centrifugal force to which it is
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00264-00100766-00101146 subjected and from there we can get this
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00265-00101147-00101587 radius of this spinning radius comes out
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00266-00101588-00102667 to be here this is actually M V by QB so
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00267-00102668-00103035 this is actually the radius spinning
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00268-00103036-00103441 radius so here this is this angle is 90
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00269-00103442-00103831 degrees so they are at 90 degree so here
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00270-00103832-00104188 it will keep on orbiting around this and
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00271-00104189-00104569 this orbiting radius will be R which is
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00272-00104570-00105108 given by MV by QB now this can be there
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00273-00105109-00105591 can be another situation where it is not
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00274-00105592-00105958 necessarily they are at right angle that
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00275-00105958-00106677 means we have this velocity and then
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00276-00106678-00107179 this is the magnetic field and in
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00277-00107180-00107521 between there is one angle theta so
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00278-00107522-00107839 there will be two component one will be
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00279-00107840-00108159 along B that means say the if it is V so
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00280-00108160-00108498 this will be V cos theta that means that
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00281-00108499-00108819 along component and then there will be
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00282-00108820-00109065 another component which will be that
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00283-00109066-00109395 sine component which will be at right
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00284-00109396-00109893 angle V sine theta so in this case what
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00285-00109894-00110151 is going to happen this is just not
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00286-00110152-00110583 spinning it will be a helical motion so
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00287-00110584-00110928 helical motion that means with this V
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00288-00110929-00111153 cos theta it will have a drift motion
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00289-00111154-00111468 along the magnetic field but at the same
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00290-00111469-00111750 time it will keep on spinning and as a
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00291-00111751-00112227 result we have this helical motion of
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00292-00112228-00112578 this charged particle it may be electron
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00293-00112579-00112803 so this will be the direction of
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00294-00112804-00113079 magnetic film and that will keep on
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00295-00113080-00113319 spinning and it will be like a spiral
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00296-00113320-00113724 motion so that will be the motion of the
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00297-00113725-00114123 charged particle when it is just not at
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00298-00114124-00114450 right angle but it is making an angle
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00299-00114451-00114780 theta with the direction of the magnetic
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00300-00114781-00115176 field so this is just free to examples
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00301-00115177-00115467 how this charged particle will behave
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00302-00115468-00115953 when it is put in a magnetic film now
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00303-00115954-00116628 comes if we now have the electric field
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00304-00116629-00117108 in addition to the magnetic field so we
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00305-00117109-00117447 are coming very close to a situation
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00306-00117448-00117738 very close to a spattering who are
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00307-00117739-00118124 already one electric field it does exist
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00308-00118125-00118503 but what we like to have we like to add
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00309-00118504-00118854 one magnetic film and this electric
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00310-00118855-00119145 field and magnetic field putting them
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00311-00119146-00119475 together with their combined effect the
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00312-00119476-00119733 net result will be to make this
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00313-00119734-00120144 electrons more efficient than with a
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00314-00120145-00120579 than the case with a without a magnet so
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00315-00120580-00120786 that is the thing now presence of
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00316-00120787-00121011 electric field in addition to magnetic
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00317-00121012-00121230 field here also we can have two
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00318-00121231-00121644 situation in in one case both fields are
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00319-00121645-00121867 parallel to each other this is
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00320-00121868-00122239 one situation and in this case this
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00321-00122240-00122575 electron discharge particle will have a
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00322-00122576-00122875 motion which will be parallel to this
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00323-00122876-00123154 field both of the field they are in the
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00324-00123155-00123445 same direction so the drift motion will
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00325-00123446-00123907 be along this field direction but if
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00326-00123908-00124206 they are at right angle to each other
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00327-00124207-00124699 say for example let us put this way this
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00328-00124700-00125278 is one electric field E and then we have
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00329-00125279-00125602 one magnetic field which is working like
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00330-00125603-00126190 this magnetic field and so these are the
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00331-00126191-00126561 two fields which are very much present
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00332-00126563-00126858 and then how this charged particle will
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00333-00126859-00127116 behave then there will be a motion
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00334-00127117-00127528 called EB drift motion it is the
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00335-00127529-00127785 cross-product so this is called evie
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00336-00127786-00128285 drift motion and with this drift motion
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00337-00128286-00128557 this charged particle will have a
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00338-00128558-00128890 velocity with this EB in this direction
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00339-00128891-00129391 so that will be this EB drift motion
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00340-00129392-00130354 that will be the direction so this is
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00341-00130355-00130921 very much applicable to this sputtering
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00342-00130922-00131377 where this magnetic force is going to
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00343-00131378-00131653 assist the sputtering process or
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00344-00131654-00132001 generation of the ion so this is
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00345-00132002-00132361 actually going to be the drift motion
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00346-00132362-00132784 that will assist in generating more
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00347-00132785-00133210 number of ions per electron collision
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00348-00133211-00133567 and this is the drift motion now drift
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00349-00133568-00134218 motion are at right angle and exactly
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00350-00134219-00134473 what has been shown here that when they
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00351-00134474-00134782 are at right angle so with this line
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00352-00134783-00135127 with this mark with this mark we are
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00353-00135128-00135229 showing the
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00354-00135230-00135448 grip lotion and this is magnetic and
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00355-00135449-00135979 that is the electric film now form of
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00356-00135980-00136267 the drift motion the form of the drift
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00357-00136268-00136665 motion is also very important it can be
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00358-00136666-00136969 there are two situation two extremities
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00359-00136970-00137353 we would say one can be a circular
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00360-00137354-00137680 motion that means this drift motion will
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00361-00137681-00138082 be very close to that of a circle so it
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00362-00138083-00138370 will follow it will follow almost like a
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00363-00138371-00138699 circle so it is moving in this direction
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00364-00138700-00139125 but it is also almost following a
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00365-00139126-00139417 orbiting and at the same time it is
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00366-00139418-00139753 moving so this is a drift motion so it
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00367-00139754-00140032 is almost following however another
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00368-00140033-00140335 extremity will be that where we have
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00369-00140336-00140653 what we called a cycloidal motion that
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00370-00140654-00140953 means it is something like this so it
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00371-00140954-00141184 will be more or less like a slight
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00372-00141185-00141505 cycloidal motion now this happens
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00373-00141506-00141997 because of the situation if the energy
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00374-00141998-00142303 gained by this charged particle because
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00375-00142304-00142555 of the very presence of electric field
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00376-00142556-00143133 if it is larger than the initial energy
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00377-00143134-00143536 then it will be a cycloidal motion but
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00378-00143537-00143965 if it is just the contrary to that that
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00379-00143966-00144319 means the energy gained because of this
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00380-00144320-00144613 presence of electric field that is
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00381-00144614-00145009 smaller compared to the initial energy
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00382-00145010-00145294 of this charged particle then that will
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00383-00145295-00145552 be more or less like a circular motion
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00384-00145553-00145906 so one is cycloidal so it will move like
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00385-00145907-00146257 this so it is the drift drift direction
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00386-00146258-00146611 but it will also have this trajectory so
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00387-00146612-00146842 this is actually the trajectory but it
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00388-00146843-00147211 is directed in this direction in this
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00389-00147212-00147466 along this line which is at right angle
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00390-00147467-00147813 to this B and E so cycloidal and
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00391-00147814-00148481 circular
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00392-00148482-00148904 now process parameters now one would
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00393-00148905-00149240 like to understand and know and that
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00394-00149241-00149619 will be the immediate interest centered
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00395-00149620-00149699 around
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00396-00149700-00150071 thus centered around these values
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00397-00150072-00150444 cathode current density discharge
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00398-00150445-00150839 voltage argon pressure and standard
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00399-00150840-00151233 distance so these are the few parameters
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00400-00151234-00151620 which will be of immediate interest to
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00401-00151621-00152174 any one who will be interested to
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00402-00152175-00152559 operate this sputtering device to get a
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00403-00152560-00152951 coating having all the required
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00404-00152952-00153320 properties that means if we have non
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00405-00153321-00153701 magnetron on this side and this is
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00406-00153702-00154054 magnetron so here cathode current
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00407-00154055-00154431 density straight away with a magnetron a
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00408-00154432-00154737 cathode current density of Mini 20
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00409-00154738-00155100 milliampere per square centimeter it
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00410-00155101-00155349 should not be a difficult tasks to
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00411-00155350-00155787 attain whereas on this side it will be
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00412-00155788-00156143 just limited to 1 milliampere per
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00413-00156144-00156497 centimeter square of the cathode surface
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00414-00156498-00156858 discharge voltage the discharge voltage
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00415-00156859-00157238 on this side it is say an indicated
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00416-00157239-00157656 value not at all exaggerated it is 3000
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00417-00157657-00158000 volt but this can be achieved with a
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00418-00158001-00158499 voltage say 800 or say between 600 to
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00419-00158500-00158643 800 volt
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00420-00158644-00159036 that is not at all a difficult task so
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00421-00159037-00159604 on this side one can get just 1 ampere
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00422-00159605-00160098 maximum and on this side 10 to 20 ampere
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00423-00160099-00160545 can be very easily achieved and then the
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00424-00160546-00160806 argon pressure what we have already
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00425-00160807-00161291 noted this is this milli Torr that means
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00426-00161292-00161541 it is about 6
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00427-00161542-00162048 five Pascal and on this side we can just
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00428-00162049-00162531 get down to one milli Torr which is
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00429-00162532-00163014 equal to point one three Pascal and then
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00430-00163015-00163260 standard distance that can be quite high
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00431-00163261-00163581 here it is about four centimeter it can
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00432-00163582-00164052 be as high as 20 centimeter so if we
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00433-00164053-00164424 compare this two without going into any
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00434-00164425-00164823 detail one can immediately recognize the
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00435-00164824-00165267 capability the the efficiency and the
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00436-00165268-00165848 productivity of this magnet magnetic
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00437-00165849-00166289 field assistant magnetically enhanced
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00438-00166290-00166599 sputtering and which we call the
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00439-00166600-00166920 magnetron sputtering so this is the
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00440-00166921-00167319 advantage one can very easily recognized
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00441-00167320-00167757 with the addition of this magnet in this
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00442-00167758-00168612 we along with the electric field now
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00443-00168613-00168951 current voltage characteristics for a
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00444-00168952-00169338 planar diode that means what we mean
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00445-00169339-00169832 here it is a non magnetron and a planar
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00446-00169833-00170304 diode it is also DC but provided with a
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00447-00170305-00170709 magnetron so we have two sources here
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00448-00170710-00171186 one with a ordinary without having any
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00449-00171187-00171612 magnet and the other one which is backed
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00450-00171613-00171921 up which is having a backup of the
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00451-00171922-00172353 magnet now with this let us have a quick
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00452-00172354-00172788 look in this diagram and this is also
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00453-00172789-00173115 another reason how efficient this
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00454-00173116-00173427 magnetron is so one would be very much
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00455-00173428-00173820 interested not only in the magnetron how
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00456-00173821-00174129 good or how efficient the magnet it's
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00457-00174130-00174486 geometry design its fill strength what
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00458-00174487-00174759 should be the best value so far as this
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00459-00174760-00174921 current voltage character
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00460-00174922-00175170 mystics is concerned that means this
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00461-00175171-00175443 current voltage characteristics is a
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00462-00175444-00175990 true index of the whole process this
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00463-00175991-00176481 discharge and their magnetron or no
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00464-00176482-00176804 magnetron that picture will be totally
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00465-00176805-00177152 clear if we just try to illustrate the
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00466-00177153-00177893 whole thing with this graph so this is a
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00467-00177894-00178170 characteristic feature on this side we
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00468-00178171-00178434 have the discharge voltage and that is
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00469-00178435-00178715 the discharge current and with this
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00470-00178716-00178985 discharge voltage and discharge current
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00471-00178986-00179303 naturally one would be interested to
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00472-00179304-00179721 have the line that means mean less
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00473-00179722-00179976 voltage and more current that will be
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00474-00179977-00180321 the objective of this sputtering or this
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00475-00180322-00180677 use of magnet now here we can see two
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00476-00180678-00180984 graphs one may be something like this
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00477-00180985-00181518 this may be one graph another graph we
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00478-00181519-00182076 can find this is on this side now here
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00479-00182077-00182421 we can just have some by way of
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00480-00182422-00182748 illustration some indicated value maybe
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00481-00182749-00183164 this is around 3 kV and this is around
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00482-00183165-00183702 say 20 ampere and this is just around
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00483-00183703-00184265 one ampere and this is a few hundreds of
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00484-00184266-00184632 volt 500 volt and this may be around
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00485-00184633-00185256 point one ampere so from this one would
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00486-00185257-00185706 like to one would expect that this graph
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00487-00185707-00186152 this graph should prevail and DC's this
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00488-00186153-00186561 is the characteristics of BI and this is
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00489-00186562-00186953 possible only with the use of a
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00490-00186954-00187289 magnetron and this is without a
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00491-00187290-00187623 magnetron we must mention here
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00492-00187624-00187937 what was the pressure argon pressure
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00493-00187938-00188298 argon pressure in this case it is
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00494-00188299-00188583 of course by way of illustration this is
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00495-00188584-00189036 six point five PA which gives us fifty
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00496-00189037-00189791 militar and this is actually point three
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00497-00189792-00190212 PA that means one Minotaur and this is
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00498-00190213-00190541 actually six point this blue line six
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00499-00190542-00191016 point five PA Pascal and that is
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00500-00191017-00191514 actually 50 milli Torr so what we find
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00501-00191515-00191865 immediately the difference between that
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00502-00191866-00192224 means this is this blue is non-magnetic
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00503-00192225-00192891 this is non-magnetic on and this is with
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00504-00192892-00193587 the magnetron so the use of the
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00505-00193588-00194075 magnetron that is immediately felt and
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00506-00194076-00194465 realized just by looking at this VI
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00507-00194466-00194735 characteristics and this VI
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00508-00194736-00195189 characteristics we can also put in this
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00509-00195190-00195510 form that this is actually proportional
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00510-00195511-00196068 to I and here we should put now when it
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00511-00196069-00196368 is ohmic conduction we can put the value
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00512-00196369-00196593 of n as one
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00513-00196594-00197052 however V is proportional to I in ohmic
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00514-00197053-00197337 conduction and this is one but however
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00515-00197338-00197700 in this case it is just not one so we
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00516-00197701-00197982 should put a value we should put one
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00517-00197983-00198507 index that is in so this n is an index
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00518-00198508-00198966 and that in that shows the performance
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00519-00198967-00199725 of magnetron so n is an index showing
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00520-00199726-00200123 the performance of the magnetron so
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00521-00200124-00200534 normally it is our experience that it is
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00522-00200535-00201084 varying maybe with from 5 to 9 now this
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00523-00201085-00201408 value one should look for a higher value
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00524-00201409-00201672 that means what
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00525-00201673-00202026 get here this can we can put also in
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00526-00202027-00202272 this form also because here it is
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00527-00202273-00202623 voltage and current we can also put in
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00528-00202624-00203019 this form is proportional to V that
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00529-00203020-00203520 means here it is the voltage which will
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00530-00203521-00203741 be applied and to get the cathode
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00531-00203742-00204096 current so if we can put this way this
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00532-00204097-00204525 is also valid and this is actually the
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00533-00204526-00204938 index here what we can see and this is
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00534-00204939-00205433 actually 5 to 9 that means from this
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00535-00205434-00205859 relationship from this relationship what
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00536-00205860-00206232 we understand that to get a level of
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00537-00206233-00206638 cathode current we need certain
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00538-00206639-00206987 impressed voltage now what should be its
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00539-00206988-00207384 value whether it will be in the kilo
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00540-00207385-00207807 range a few thousand or it is in the few
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00541-00207808-00208136 hundreds range so obviously our choice
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00542-00208137-00208310 considering all technological
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00543-00208311-00208758 constraints and limitation one would be
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00544-00208759-00209034 interested in a low value of V and
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00545-00209035-00209348 that's why to get that same value up
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00546-00209350-00209711 current one has to increase the value of
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00547-00209712-00210185 n and exactly this n means this is the
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00548-00210186-00210623 role played by the magnetron that means
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00549-00210623-00211046 better the quality of the magnetron more
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00550-00211048-00211251 will be the value of higher will be the
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00551-00211252-00211683 value of N and this n will be showing
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00552-00211684-00212567 the performance of the magnetron now
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00553-00212569-00213131 planar diode magnetron sputtering source
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00554-00213132-00213560 how it is made let us have a look we can
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00555-00213561-00213884 have a planar magnetron or we can also
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00556-00213885-00214569 have a cylindrical magnetron now in this
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00557-00214569-00215027 case we can have say for example
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00558-00215028-00215390 a planar magnetron a rectangular piece
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00559-00215391-00216574 like this and here what we can have
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00560-00216575-00217175 these are the magnet these are the
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00561-00217176-00218000 magnet with north-south poles and this
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00562-00218001-00218540 is a central pole piece this is the
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00563-00218541-00218825 central pole piece which is kept like
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00564-00218826-00219926 this so that's why this becomes south so
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00565-00219927-00220229 naturally what we see this is a
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00566-00220230-00220523 rectangular plate and here we have not
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00567-00220524-00220962 and this is South so lines of force that
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00568-00220963-00221741 will flow like this so this will be the
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00569-00221742-00222039 direction of lines of force and this way
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00570-00222040-00222407 we can have one such configuration so
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00571-00222408-00222714 this is a rectangular that means this
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00572-00222715-00223587 can be like this so this is one
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00573-00223588-00223907 rectangular piece and here we can have
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00574-00223908-00224201 this is actually the cathode or the
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00575-00224202-00224507 target material this is actually the
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00576-00224508-00224763 target material and beneath this we have
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00577-00224764-00225029 such a configuration of the magnet and
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00578-00225030-00225363 then we have the electric field in this
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00579-00225364-00225725 form this is the electric field and then
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00580-00225726-00225983 this is the actually the direction of
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00581-00225984-00226376 this magnetic field and as a result of
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00582-00226377-00226739 this with this EB drift we can have this
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00583-00226740-00227412 EB drift EB drift motion and that drips
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00584-00227413-00227720 motion this will be like this so drift
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00585-00227721-00227950 motion will be in this direction
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00586-00227951-00228682 so that will be the drift motion
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00587-00228683-00229121 so here we expect one ripped motion that
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00588-00229123-00229491 means this electrons are actually locked
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00589-00229492-00229925 this electrons secondary electrons in
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00590-00229926-00230459 close proximity of this target those are
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00591-00230460-00230804 locked and those are trapped and they
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00592-00230805-00231242 are forced to orbit following this drift
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00593-00231244-00231632 motion that means we can expect a drift
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00594-00231633-00232371 motion like this so this will be the
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00595-00232371-00232582 drift motion that will be the direction
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00596-00232583-00232938 so the electron will keep on orbiting
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00597-00232939-00233213 this part and that is locked and trapped
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00598-00233214-00233573 however over this we have to superimpose
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00599-00233575-00234104 this cycloidal motion cycloidal paths so
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00600-00234105-00234494 it will be something like this so this
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00601-00234496-00234983 will move in this form so it will have
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00602-00234984-00235373 this motion and that is directed in this
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00603-00235375-00235706 direction and from this side when it is
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00604-00235707-00236060 on the other side it will be in this way
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00605-00236061-00236474 so one thing we observe immediately that
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00606-00236475-00236994 this electrons are actually following
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00607-00236994-00237291 this path at the same time it is also
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00608-00237292-00237758 moving along this cycloid and thereby it
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00609-00237759-00238071 is actually following a longer path it
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00610-00238071-00238409 is just not the emission of electron
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00611-00238410-00238767 from the cathode and arrival at the
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00612-00238767-00239246 anode so this electrons are locked they
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00613-00239248-00239544 are trapped in close proximity of the
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00614-00239544-00239942 target and they have such kind of motion
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00615-00239942-00240319 this orbiting and a cycloidal motion
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00616-00240321-00240896 thereby the chances of collision with
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00617-00240898-00241325 more number of argon neutrals will be
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00618-00241326-00241773 more that means one electron has now
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00619-00241773-00242232 the possibility of splitting more number
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00620-00242233-00242823 of argon neutrals into argon ion thereby
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00621-00242823-00243184 what is going to happen we have now a
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00622-00243185-00243642 densification of the plasma with a heavy
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00623-00243642-00244005 ion flux density that is the bombardment
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00624-00244006-00244406 or impingement over this target surface
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00625-00244407-00244806 so in this close proximity of this
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00626-00244807-00245234 target material because of this locking
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00627-00245235-00245571 of the electrons in in this near the
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00628-00245571-00245913 surface we have now concentration of
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00629-00245914-00246307 ions which will be generated by this
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00630-00246308-00246630 collision as it follows this path and
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00631-00246631-00247131 more number of ions will be generated by
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00632-00247132-00247427 one single electron and there will be
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00633-00247428-00247671 densification of the plasma and that
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00634-00247671-00248019 will have a cascading effect that means
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00635-00248019-00248448 that will lead to larger ion flux that
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00636-00248448-00248759 means ion current density will be more
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00637-00248760-00249146 and finally it will lead to high
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00638-00249146-00249519 sputtering yield more number of ions per
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00639-00249519-00249876 unit time sputtering in erosion rate and
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00640-00249877-00250346 then also the deposition so this way one
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00641-00250348-00250946 can consider the effectiveness of this
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00642-00250946-00251473 magnetron and how it is making the
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00643-00251475-00251807 secondary electron more and more
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00644-00251808-00252371 efficient in that it is now capable of
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00645-00252371-00252833 splitting and ionizing more number of
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00646-00252834-00253257 neutrals than ever before when it was
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00647-00253258-00253725 not trapped or locked by this magnetic
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00648-00253726-00254246 field where it has a free access from
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00649-00254248-00254534 moving from this cathode surface to the
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00650-00254535-00255052 anode surface and like that so this is
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00651-00255053-00255658 one plainer target instead of this we
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00652-00255659-00256098 can also have cylindrical one it depends
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00653-00256100-00256501 upon the flexibility of a process or to
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00654-00256502-00256876 simplify a process or to make the
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00655-00256877-00257277 sputtering technology rather an easy
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00656-00257278-00257638 option for doing the coating so in that
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00657-00257639-00258013 case if we have a circular target then
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00658-00258014-00258382 also what we can see it is going to be a
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00659-00258383-00258823 circular target if it is like this so
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00660-00258823-00259071 here also we have this kind of
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00661-00259071-00259954 trajectory so this will be exactly the
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00662-00259955-00260290 way what we have shown here by this red
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00663-00260291-00260619 line that is the track that is the drift
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00664-00260621-00260854 motion here what we are showing by this
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00665-00260855-00261127 blue line that is the drift motion and
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00666-00261128-00261525 over that we have to superimpose by this
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00667-00261526-00261981 cycloidal path and it will go like this
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00668-00261982-00262548 over this surface and it will be just
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00669-00262549-00262876 following this longer route and as a
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00670-00262877-00263218 result it becomes more efficient and
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00671-00263219-00263590 chances of ionization of this neutrals
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00672-00263591-00263919 will be more so this is just one
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00673-00263920-00264298 circular plate but we can also have a
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00674-00264299-00264631 cylindrical magnetron it is a
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00675-00264632-00264919 cylindrical it is almost like a look
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00676-00264920-00265387 like a shaft it looks like a shaft and
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00677-00265388-00265873 it can be placed inside the vacuum
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00678-00265874-00266167 chamber and this is the top side so
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00679-00266168-00266656 there will be suitable fixture and this
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00680-00266657-00266977 is inside the chamber and here also we
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00681-00266978-00267301 can have the magnetic field it will be
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00682-00267302-00267673 like that and it can be an electromagnet
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00683-00267674-00268063 so inside we have this direction of this
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00684-00268064-00268575 fill and then this is target
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00685-00268576-00268954 that means that is the cathode and if we
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00686-00268955-00269773 just have the top view of this hole the
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00687-00269774-00270291 system then what we can see for example
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00688-00270292-00270933 this will be the cylindrical target
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00689-00270934-00271279 looking from the top and then you have
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00690-00271280-00271603 the chamber somewhere here that is the
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00691-00271604-00271882 chamber wall we can have a very quick
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00692-00271883-00272404 look and then this is that wall so field
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00693-00272405-00272633 will be electrical field will be
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00694-00272634-00272910 directed in this way this is the
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00695-00272911-00273210 electrical field and then this is the
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00696-00273211-00273490 magnetic field so magnetic field is like
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00697-00273491-00273796 this it is normal to this paper so as a
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00698-00273797-00274035 result of this what is going to happen
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00699-00274036-00274453 it is EB drift and according to this EB
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00700-00274454-00274884 drift there will be a drift motion so if
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00701-00274885-00275160 this is vertically now here we have the
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00702-00275161-00275494 magnetic field which is actually upward
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00703-00275495-00275917 vertically upward so B is vertically
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00704-00275918-00276271 upward this is the direction of E and as
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00705-00276272-00276754 a result we have at this point E and B
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00706-00276755-00277260 so that will be the drift motion so at
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00707-00277261-00277560 each point this will be the drift motion
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00708-00277561-00277864 so that will be tangential so we have a
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00709-00277865-00278184 drift motion which is also circular but
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00710-00278185-00278562 over that we have to superimpose this
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00711-00278563-00278920 cycloidal motion so it will be something
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00712-00278921-00280041 like this let's put so this will be the
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00713-00280042-00280509 actual path followed by this electron
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00714-00280510-00280867 and it is close to this target or the
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00715-00280868-00281551 cathode and this way it can also shifts
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00716-00281552-00281788 that track and when it is
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00717-00281789-00282160 near the wall it will be more circular
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00718-00282161-00282469 in nature that means here it will be
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00719-00282470-00282889 more circular in nature though it is
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00720-00282890-00283240 also following this path it is also the
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00721-00283241-00283501 drift motion so this drift motion is
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00722-00283502-00283897 like a circular motion and over that we
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00723-00283898-00284305 are actually superimposing a circular
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00724-00284306-00284673 form or a cycloidal form so this is also
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00725-00284674-00285106 another way of spattering and in this
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00726-00285107-00285340 case the material will be sputtered and
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00727-00285341-00285718 it can be sputtered only in a hollow
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00728-00285719-00285955 tube because it is a sin cylindrical
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00729-00285956-00286429 solid target so it can be used for this
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00730-00286430-00286813 purpose for coating this internal
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00731-00286814-00287281 surface of a tube so this way what we
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00732-00287282-00287770 see now this magnetron that is actually
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00733-00287771-00288343 helping in getting a low discharge
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00734-00288344-00288814 voltage high discharge current high
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00735-00288815-00289180 deposition rate and the requirement of
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00736-00289181-00289591 low pressure so with that what we can
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00737-00289592-00290050 see we can also have a look in this what
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00738-00290051-00290380 we called this variation of planar diode
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00739-00290381-00290941 magnetron sputtering that means a normal
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00740-00290942-00291439 non magnetron planar diode system can be
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00741-00291440-00291909 converted into a magnetron sputtering
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00742-00291910-00292416 system keeping all the basic feature of
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00743-00292417-00292804 this without deviating from the basic
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00744-00292805-00293044 feature that means it can be a single
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00745-00293045-00293511 target magnetron it can be multi target
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00746-00293512-00294042 magnetron it can be also a multi target
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00747-00294043-00294442 magnetron with substrate biasing it can
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00748-00294443-00294796 be also magnetron sputtering with a
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00749-00294797-00295163 reactive gas so it can be reactive
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00750-00295164-00295466 magnetron sputtering so all the
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00751-00295467-00295792 variations are possible just with
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00752-00295793-00296105 incorporation of the magnet and the
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00753-00296106-00296405 machine or the apparatus become much
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00754-00296406-00296810 more efficient than the case where we
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00755-00296811-00297473 don't use the magnet now structure zone
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00756-00297474-00297956 model this is one we can say this is
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00757-00297957-00298352 just like a map this is just like a map
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00758-00298353-00298715 of the structure which is the outcome of
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00759-00298716-00299320 any sputtering process so let us try to
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00760-00299321-00299657 illustrate this point here just by
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00761-00299658-00300281 drawing this block diagram so this is
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00762-00300282-00301040 just like a rectangular block this is a
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00763-00301041-00301775 rectangular block this is just a
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00764-00301776-00302012 rectangular block and in this
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00765-00302013-00302516 rectangular block we have few variables
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00766-00302517-00303020 of sputtering for example along this
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00767-00303021-00303595 direction we put this notation T by T M
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00768-00303596-00304037 now this T is actually temperature of
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00769-00304038-00304478 the substrate TS by T M and T M is
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00770-00304479-00304835 actually the melting point of the target
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00771-00304836-00305129 T M is the melting point of the target
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00772-00305130-00305362 and this is the temperature of the
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00773-00305363-00305729 substrate and on this side we have the
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00774-00305730-00306065 process pressure and let us put say this
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00775-00306066-00306530 is 1 milli Torr this is say 10 militar
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00776-00306531-00307187 and this is 20 militar and this is 30
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00777-00307188-00307741 milli Torr and here we can now have
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00778-00307742-00308152 segmentation of this block to show the
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00779-00308153-00308498 structural features of a sputtered
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00780-00308499-00308910 coating that means a layer is developed
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00781-00308911-00309281 by this sputtering process and let us
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00782-00309282-00309559 have a quick look here say this is about
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00783-00309560-00310229 0.1 so this point 1 means actually 0.1
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00784-00310230-00310682 means TS by TM point 1 and this is about
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00785-00310683-00311114 this zone so this is one zone we find
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00786-00311115-00311456 and then we have another zone which is
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00787-00311457-00311888 which comes around at 0.5 so this is
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00788-00311889-00312242 another zone and this we can also show
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00789-00312243-00312596 like that then we have another zone
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00790-00312597-00313060 around say point 7 and here it is around
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00791-00313061-00313520 0.8 so this is point 5 this is point 6
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00792-00313521-00313940 and this is point 8 ok so let us have
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00793-00313941-00314333 some discussion on this so this one what
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00794-00314334-00314560 is the physical meaning of this diagram
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00795-00314561-00314785 this is actually called torn torn
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00796-00314786-00315770 diagram
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00797-00315771-00316050 third turn diagram this is actually the
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00798-00316051-00316527 mapping so here what we see that if we
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00799-00316528-00316869 like to have a structure and this is
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00800-00316870-00317199 called zone one this is a transition
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00801-00317200-00317550 zone and this is zone 2 and this is zone
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00802-00317551-00317610 3
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00803-00317611-00318056 now zone 1 that is characterized by a
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00804-00318057-00318435 porous columnar growth so in sputtering
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00805-00318436-00318756 it is mostly columnar growth in the
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00806-00318757-00319032 vertical direction it is a growth like a
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00807-00319033-00319395 broomstick and in this side we have a
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00808-00319396-00319647 porous structure and it comes like
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00809-00319648-00319974 almost like this it is a dome and it is
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00810-00319975-00320396 a with a back taper so this is a porous
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00811-00320397-00320682 structure which is growing and that is
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00812-00320683-00321015 here so physically what does it mean let
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00813-00321016-00321315 us try to understand if we increase the
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00814-00321316-00321987 pressure then up to 0.5 TS by TM we can
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00815-00321988-00322251 expect such a structure which is very
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00816-00322252-00322629 very undesirable but if we like to have
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00817-00322630-00323058 this structure with a small temperature
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00818-00323059-00323448 range which is actually 10% of this
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00819-00323449-00323868 cathode melting point then we have to
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00820-00323869-00324168 get down with the process pressure of 1
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00821-00324169-00324525 milli Torr so from this diagram one
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00822-00324526-00324881 thing we understand immediately the
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00823-00324882-00325155 significance or implication of this low
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00824-00325156-00325488 pressure operation we can have high
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00825-00325489-00325836 pressure and we can ignite the discharge
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00826-00325837-00326193 that means to initiate the sputtering
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00827-00326194-00326634 that can be done with high pressure with
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00828-00326635-00327045 much ease but in that case we will be
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00829-00327046-00327440 always left with such a undesirable
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00830-00327441-00327747 structure or growth architecture of the
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00831-00327748-00328242 coating and that can prevail even if we
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00832-00328243-00328497 increase the substrate temperature even
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00833-00328498-00329065 to 50% of that of this cathode material
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00834-00329066-00329392 or the target material but if we like to
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00835-00329393-00329686 lower the substrate temperature which is
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00836-00329687-00330130 one of the significant a point of
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00837-00330131-00330451 sputtering then if we like to have a
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00838-00330452-00330796 deposition with a low temperature then
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00839-00330797-00331069 we must also reduce the process pressure
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00840-00331070-00331552 here so this way we understand that at
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00841-00331553-00331849 one on one side it is the temperature of
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00842-00331850-00332206 the substrate which should be at the low
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00843-00332207-00332437 end considering temperature
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00844-00332438-00332713 sensitiveness of the substrate and at
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00845-00332714-00332977 the same time capability of the
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00846-00332978-00333195 apparatus to work with a low pressure
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00847-00333196-00333490 now here what we have this is a
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00848-00333491-00333808 transition between 1 and 2 now what we
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00849-00333809-00334153 have in zone 2 these are also sticks but
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00850-00334154-00334528 finer in size and densely packed and it
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00851-00334529-00334996 is also densely packed so a transition
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00852-00334997-00335269 from this porous to densely packed that
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00853-00335270-00335599 starts within that and in this case also
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00854-00335600-00335950 what we see if we work at 30 minute or
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00855-00335951-00336586 it can go up to 0.6 of TS by TM but if
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00856-00336587-00336970 we can reduce this pressure then it can
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00857-00336971-00337372 be done with 0.5 so this is a zone and
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00858-00337373-00337789 which will continue up to 0.7 of this
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00859-00337790-00338179 ratio with 1 milli Torr but which can be
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00860-00338180-00338611 extended with up 2.8 up TS by TM if we
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00861-00338612-00338902 increase the pressure and in the zone 3
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00862-00338903-00339199 what we have as we increase the
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00863-00339200-00339604 temperature it is actually the diffusion
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00864-00339605-00340000 and movement of the mobility of the atom
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00865-00340001-00340249 which are being which are received from
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00866-00340250-00340593 the sputtered flux so it is actually
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00867-00340594-00341098 this mobility of these atoms and lateral
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00868-00341099-00341506 movement that makes a structure what we
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00869-00341507-00341929 call equiaxed it is very very grainy it
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00870-00341930-00342148 is like a grin like structure in that
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00871-00342149-00342405 zone 3 and zone 2
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00872-00342406-00342756 stick with highly packed broomstick very
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00873-00342757-00343042 dense structure it is open structure and
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00874-00343043-00343339 it is a transition that is changing so
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00875-00343340-00343685 what we understand from this that this
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00876-00343686-00344017 effect of pressure is extremely
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00877-00344018-00344512 important and if we like to work with a
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00878-00344513-00345071 low pressure then obviously the
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00879-00345072-00345393 significance of this magnetron
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00880-00345394-00345750 sputtering is immediately felt and
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00881-00345751-00346170 immediately understood and in that case
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00882-00346171-00346584 we can work with a low substrate
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00883-00346585-00347010 temperature provided we have the
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00884-00347011-00347352 possibility to work with a low pressure
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00885-00347353-00347835 and that is possible by this assistance
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00886-00347836-00348197 from this magnet and that is called
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00887-00348198-00348516 magnetically assisted sputtering or
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00888-00348517-00349042 magnetron sputtering so with this we can
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00889-00349043-00349489 summarize the discussion that planar
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00890-00349490-00349881 diode sputtering is characterized by the
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00891-00349882-00350184 high discharge voltage high argon
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00892-00350185-00350539 pressure however low discharge current
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00893-00350540-00350839 and low deposition rate these are the
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00894-00350840-00351190 limitations however the main weakness of
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00895-00351191-00351543 simple diode sputtering is inefficient
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00896-00351544-00351885 use of secondary electrons so these are
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00897-00351886-00352256 not properly utilized in this system
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00898-00352257-00352647 when we present when we bring a magnetic
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00899-00352648-00353001 field near the target surface and we
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00900-00353002-00353239 have also seen that this magnetic field
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00901-00353240-00353597 line is parallel to the target surface
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00902-00353598-00354030 immediately it intensifies the plasma by
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00903-00354031-00354375 locking and trapping the electrons and
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00904-00354376-00354681 it is along a trajectory and that is
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00905-00354682-00354988 called a drift motion so it has to
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00906-00354989-00355308 follow a particularly guided motion and
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00907-00355309-00355601 it cannot be a stray electron and that
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00908-00355602-00355844 you will lead to
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00909-00355845-00356143 an increase in I on impeachment and
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00910-00356144-00356666 sputtering rate so we also find that
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00911-00356667-00357098 magnetron sputtering source reduces the
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00912-00357099-00357371 requirement of high voltage high
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00913-00357372-00357680 discharge voltage and high argon
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00914-00357681-00358100 pressure and significantly improves the
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00915-00358101-00358397 quality of this sputtered layer or the
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00916-00358398-00360060 coating
+PCRnsZ9j3PI-00917-00360061-00360267 you
+PEcmaXHyB5Y-00000-00001844-00002301 DJ sorry
+PEcmaXHyB5Y-00002-00009050-00009356 thank you
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00000-00000009-00002086 [Music]
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00001-00002087-00002684 [Music]
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00002-00002685-00003322 [Music]
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00003-00003322-00005454 [Music]
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00004-00005455-00006241 for example
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00005-00006242-00007083 [Music]
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00007-00010675-00011283 [Music]
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00008-00011284-00012165 is
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00009-00012166-00014083 [Music]
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00010-00014084-00014903 a
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00011-00014904-00016278 [Music]
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00012-00016279-00017455 [Music]
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00013-00017456-00018439 [Music]
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00014-00018440-00019683 [Music]
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00015-00019684-00021289 is
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00016-00021290-00023883 [Music]
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00017-00023884-00024298 instruments
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00018-00024299-00025283 [Music]
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00019-00025284-00025727 foreign
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00020-00025727-00026039 um okay thank you okay show everybody
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00021-00026039-00026223 um thank you very much for the great
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00022-00026224-00026367 introduction xavier and
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00023-00026368-00026655 just uh like to be thanked for um co
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00024-00026656-00026895 peter's foundation and the organizers
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00025-00026895-00026967 for
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00026-00026968-00027174 uh inviting me to talk here about
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00027-00027175-00027302 language rights and
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00028-00027304-00027527 its con contributions to conflict
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00029-00027527-00027631 resolution
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00030-00027632-00027774 um just firstly i'm going to talk about
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00031-00027775-00027999 ellen a bit the current language rights
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00032-00028000-00028095 legal framework
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00033-00028095-00028351 domestic legislation the problems with
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00034-00028352-00028518 that you know how what you know what the
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00035-00028519-00028718 problems we're going up against language
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00036-00028719-00028879 rights and conflict resolutions some
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00037-00028880-00029118 examples with irish and kosovo
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00038-00029119-00029327 um ellen recommendations things like the
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00039-00029327-00029502 dynastier protocol
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00040-00029504-00029718 working towards a code of best practices
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00041-00029719-00029879 you know the overarching aim
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00042-00029880-00030118 of the conference and how i think um
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00043-00030119-00030239 language rights
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00044-00030239-00030455 are central to successful conflict
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00045-00030456-00030567 resolution you know when
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00046-00030568-00030831 when we have separate languages there
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00047-00030832-00030990 now first of all ellen you know if you
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00048-00030991-00031070 don't know us
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00049-00031072-00031231 european language equality network we
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00050-00031232-00031431 were set up and replaced in the bureau
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00051-00031432-00031567 in 2012.
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00052-00031568-00031823 currently you have 46 represent 46
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00053-00031824-00031911 languages
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00054-00031912-00032262 166 member organizations in 23 states
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00055-00032263-00032455 and we work to protect and promote our
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00056-00032456-00032718 languages with the overarching aims to
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00057-00032719-00032807 ensure
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00058-00032808-00033031 that our members you know we we can live
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00059-00033032-00033207 our lives and our languages
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00060-00033208-00033462 now we have two main pillars to our work
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00061-00033463-00033718 advocacy work and project work
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00062-00033719-00033935 now with like the current language
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00063-00033936-00034062 rights framework
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00064-00034063-00034359 um we have domestic legislation catalan
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00065-00034360-00034474 welsh gaelic
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00066-00034475-00034799 vasculation for example um all quite
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00067-00034800-00034895 effective
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00068-00034896-00035087 um and then we have the international
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00069-00035088-00035231 instruments of the you know things like
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00070-00035232-00035390 the council of europe the charter
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00071-00035391-00035590 of regional minority languages the
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00072-00035591-00035727 framework convention
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00073-00035728-00035974 the conventional human rights at the un
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00074-00035975-00036167 level we have the universal declaration
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00075-00036168-00036271 of human rights
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00076-00036272-00036446 the covenant on civil and political
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00077-00036447-00036662 rights the covenant on economic social
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00078-00036663-00036783 and cultural rights
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00079-00036784-00037039 and at the eu charter fundamental rights
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00080-00037040-00037239 notably article 21
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00081-00037240-00037415 and then things like the osce
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00082-00037416-00037583 recommendations which kind of
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00083-00037584-00037927 have evolved from these now
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00084-00037928-00038174 with the things like the charter yeah
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00085-00038175-00038311 it's you know kind of been quite
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00086-00038312-00038535 successful in ways since it was done in
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00087-00038536-00038679 the 1990s
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00088-00038680-00038887 so they've boosted the recognition the
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00089-00038888-00039102 status of our languages
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00090-00039103-00039327 and given the framework for state states
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00091-00039328-00039479 to work on to protect
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00092-00039480-00039735 um you know regional minority languages
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00093-00039736-00039887 for once of a better word
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00094-00039888-00040239 now um but you know we have problems um
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00095-00040240-00040318 with this
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00096-00040319-00040479 and this is to talk about this framework
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00097-00040480-00040623 you know what we can do where we're
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00098-00040624-00040695 moving
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00099-00040696-00041055 towards if we take the council of europe
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00100-00041056-00041190 the charter of regional minority
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00101-00041191-00041367 language and the framework convention
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00102-00041368-00041615 we still have the state's impunity if
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00103-00041616-00041846 there's a violation of a treaty
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00104-00041847-00042062 with the charter and we have this lack
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00105-00042063-00042151 of poor
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00106-00042152-00042423 implementation one of the biggest things
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00107-00042424-00042630 we have is that some states haven't even
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00108-00042631-00042783 ratified the charter
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00109-00042784-00043079 for example france and also greece and
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00110-00043080-00043127 also
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00111-00043128-00043535 italy and this is a huge problem because
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00112-00043536-00043599 they're just not
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00113-00043600-00043735 moving forward and this is something
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00114-00043736-00044230 done in the 1990s it's now 2020.
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00115-00044231-00044535 we have also with the charter in itself
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00116-00044536-00044758 doesn't actually provide any language
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00117-00044759-00044911 rights we have
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00118-00044912-00045111 the ambiguous wording of the framework
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00119-00045112-00045271 convention which i'll talk about in a
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00120-00045272-00045343 minute
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00121-00045344-00045599 um with the eu we have the charge of
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00122-00045600-00045758 fundamental rights but this and this
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00123-00045759-00045943 prohibits language discrimination
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00124-00045944-00046199 very good but this only applies when
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00125-00046200-00046423 european laws being implemented
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00126-00046424-00046623 the lisbon treaty well that says respect
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00127-00046624-00046790 for linguistic diversity but what does
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00128-00046791-00046871 that mean
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00129-00046872-00047167 um the trouble is states reserve um have
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00130-00047168-00047358 the competence for language policy only
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00131-00047359-00047502 so it's reserved for them
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00132-00047503-00047751 so you know there's all these problems
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00133-00047752-00047974 if we look at the framework convention
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00134-00047975-00048343 for example an example of ambiguous
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00135-00048344-00048407 wording
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00136-00048408-00048751 article 14 in areas inhabited by persons
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00137-00048752-00048927 belonging to national minorities
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00138-00048928-00049143 traditionally or in substantial numbers
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00139-00049144-00049327 if there is sufficient demand
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00140-00049328-00049502 what does that mean the parties shall
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00141-00049503-00049639 endeavour to ensure
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00142-00049640-00049886 what does that mean as far as possible
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00143-00049887-00050015 what does that mean
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00144-00050016-00050151 and within the framework of their
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00145-00050152-00050358 education systems that persons belonging
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00146-00050359-00050471 to those minorities
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00147-00050472-00050711 have adequate what does that mean
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00148-00050712-00050807 opportunities
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00149-00050808-00050983 for being taught the minority language
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00150-00050984-00051135 or receiving instruction in this
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00151-00051136-00051246 language
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00152-00051247-00051535 there's so many get out clauses in that
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00153-00051536-00051687 that the government has
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00154-00051688-00051838 that it's not really clear how this
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00155-00051839-00052111 clause can be described as providing a
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00156-00052112-00052223 right to
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00157-00052224-00052511 uh regional minority language education
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00158-00052512-00052607 so that
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00159-00052608-00052791 you know in a nutshell gives you an
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00160-00052791-00052935 example of
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00161-00052936-00053175 how the framework really needs to be
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00162-00053176-00053287 improved
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00163-00053288-00053542 now let's go on to language rights and
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00164-00053544-00053799 conflict resolution well clearly
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00165-00053800-00054111 at the moment and they are providing
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00166-00054112-00054238 that helping with the conflict
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00167-00054239-00054503 resolution look at irish
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00168-00054504-00054694 in the north of ireland the six counties
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00169-00054695-00054871 the promise of an irish language act
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00170-00054872-00055079 has contributed contributed to the peace
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00171-00055079-00055294 process at the could friday agreement of
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00172-00055295-00055399 1998
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00173-00055400-00055679 the saint andrews agreement of 2006 with
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00174-00055679-00055871 the promise of an irish language act
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00175-00055872-00056159 and now since january 2020 the current
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00176-00056160-00056294 proposals
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00177-00056295-00056471 not quite the standalone irish language
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00178-00056472-00056654 act we were working for but official
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00179-00056655-00056815 status for the irish language
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00180-00056816-00056991 bilingual signage on main roads and
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00181-00056991-00057247 shared spaces a language commissioner
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00182-00057248-00057415 public services in the irish language
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00183-00057416-00057630 community and the right to use irish in
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00184-00057632-00057687 court
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00185-00057688-00057871 so again you can see this there's this
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00186-00057872-00058079 link of language rights
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00187-00058079-00058311 contributing to actual conflict
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00188-00058312-00058447 resolution
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00189-00058448-00058719 if we also look at kosovo um there's the
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00190-00058720-00058999 law on the use of languages for 2006.
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00191-00059000-00059207 this is very interesting because we had
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00192-00059208-00059335 it made
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00193-00059336-00059599 serbian and albanian both having equal
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00194-00059600-00059679 status
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00195-00059679-00060063 but with albanian 95 90 of speakers
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00196-00060064-00060303 serbian around five percent of speakers
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00197-00060304-00060471 so you can imagine you know what happens
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00198-00060472-00060503 if
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00199-00060504-00060775 would france ever make restaurant you
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00200-00060776-00060823 know
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00201-00060824-00061063 you know like with the equal status so
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00202-00061064-00061215 you know it's very interesting
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00203-00061216-00061511 that you know as an example of how um
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00204-00061512-00061663 has been
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00205-00061664-00061926 of language rights helping with conflict
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00206-00061927-00062038 resolution
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00207-00062039-00062263 now if we go like just to kind of we've
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00208-00062264-00062406 only got a short amount of time but you
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00209-00062407-00062599 know with our recommendations
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00210-00062600-00062863 um i'm working towards this code of best
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00211-00062864-00063006 practices that are being talked about
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00212-00063007-00063079 here
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00213-00063079-00063247 um we always think that domestic
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00214-00063248-00063423 language legislation is the best way to
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00215-00063424-00063454 go
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00216-00063455-00063638 at the moment you know welsh language
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00217-00063639-00063838 app catalan language planning acts to
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00218-00063839-00063959 catalan language ads
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00219-00063960-00064126 you know this is the this is the been
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00220-00064127-00064271 seen the progress and
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00221-00064272-00064438 every language that's got some language
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00222-00064439-00064654 legislation like that has seen its
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00223-00064655-00064742 numbers grow
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00224-00064744-00064975 is more secure in its environment
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00225-00064976-00065159 languages like preston and corston still
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00226-00065160-00065263 do not have
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00227-00065264-00065526 this legislation which underpins their
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00228-00065527-00065687 progress and this is you know we must
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00229-00065688-00065775 have that
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00230-00065776-00066015 to have effective right revitalization
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00231-00066016-00066191 we can't plan without it
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00232-00066192-00066335 and we would always say it would be good
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00233-00066336-00066479 to have a language commissioner as well
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00234-00066480-00066638 to ensure those rights
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00235-00066639-00066806 we're also working you know what we're
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00236-00066807-00066982 calling for is an eu
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00237-00066983-00067191 regulation on minoritized language
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00238-00067192-00067415 rights with a with an eu languages
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00239-00067416-00067623 commissioner to ensure those rights
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00240-00067624-00067782 you know long-term project very
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00241-00067783-00067991 difficult to get also you know there was
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00242-00067992-00068135 the endangered languages report that
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00243-00068136-00068287 came from the european parliament
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00244-00068288-00068455 that needs to be enacted as well you
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00245-00068456-00068623 know like antonio worked on that
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00246-00068624-00068871 you were in a francoise he was the
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00247-00068872-00069015 rapporteur for that
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00248-00069016-00069319 um also we want to see
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00249-00069320-00069543 the the full implementation of the
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00250-00069544-00069671 existing
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00251-00069672-00069823 treaties you know still again the
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00252-00069824-00069975 charter very good
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00253-00069976-00070135 but it's just not being implemented
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00254-00070136-00070350 properly let alone people not even
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00255-00070351-00070471 ratifying it
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00256-00070472-00070726 and then these are 1990s treaties and we
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00257-00070727-00070903 know much more
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00258-00070904-00071111 about revitalization how it's going to
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00259-00071112-00071223 be effective
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00260-00071224-00071447 and now it's 2020 and we think you know
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00261-00071448-00071550 we should be
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00262-00071551-00071767 working towards something you know which
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00263-00071768-00071903 much more reflects our state of
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00264-00071904-00072031 knowledge today
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00265-00072032-00072343 so in 2016 we had the donostia protocol
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00266-00072344-00072487 which is like for us
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00267-00072488-00072726 the new standard setting tool for
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00268-00072727-00072887 ensuring language rights
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00269-00072888-00073111 this was written by civil society from
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00270-00073112-00073215 across europe
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00271-00073216-00073550 um it had a huge amount of input um and
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00272-00073551-00073694 um you know it was put together in the
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00273-00073695-00073887 basque country by considering about
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00274-00073888-00074238 powell bell leading on it and and we see
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00275-00074239-00074415 this very much as the new standard
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00276-00074416-00074511 settings all
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00277-00074512-00074662 for language rights and where we're
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00278-00074663-00074959 going so you know to sum it up then we
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00279-00074960-00075079 think it's vital
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00280-00075080-00075294 when languages are involved that there's
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00281-00075295-00075438 a language dimension
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00282-00075439-00075638 um that it's recognized if there's you
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00283-00075639-00075750 know in any kind of
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00284-00075751-00076006 conflict look at the language dimension
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00285-00076007-00076094 is the one
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00286-00076095-00076255 um and then deal with it you know with
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00287-00076256-00076423 these tools
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00288-00076424-00076647 and then we see language rights being as
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00289-00076648-00076879 being successful to successful
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00290-00076880-00077126 conflict resolution and then you know
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00291-00077127-00077294 for us you know in the sort of longer
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00292-00077295-00077431 term the bigger picture
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00293-00077432-00077623 we do see language discrimination this
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00294-00077624-00077855 ongoing thing in 2020 it's a form of
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00295-00077856-00077950 racism
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00296-00077951-00078159 um it's a form of discrimination against
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00297-00078160-00078367 people um you know why is this still
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00298-00078368-00078559 going on it's unacceptable
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00299-00078560-00078750 and you can understand you know that you
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00300-00078751-00078871 you get this um
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00301-00078872-00079103 call for autonomy or independence um
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00302-00079104-00079294 it's a ground for separation
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00303-00079295-00079494 um this is what's going to happen and i
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00304-00079495-00079662 think all states you know especially the
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00305-00079663-00079894 nation states like britain france
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00306-00079895-00080223 um spain you know contains countries
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00307-00080224-00080367 that contains nations
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00308-00080368-00080567 they need to be much more aware of this
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00309-00080568-00080862 um you know and and deal with it
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00310-00080863-00081094 and make sure there's some kind of deed
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00311-00081095-00081247 in their dealing with it
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00312-00081248-00081494 in terms of conflict resolution and
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00313-00081495-00081662 satisfactory language rights
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00314-00081663-00081862 um for the speakers of our language so
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00315-00081863-00081999 just to open um
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00316-00082000-00082167 thank you very much and maras perez
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00317-00082168-00083740 escarek haskell
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00318-00083741-00084082 [Music]
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00319-00084083-00084718 foreign
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00320-00084719-00085103 good good evening good afternoon
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00321-00085104-00085423 can you hear me okay so
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00322-00085424-00085647 i'm to talk about the role of social
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00323-00085648-00085926 movements as actors for civic
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00324-00085927-00086159 um democratic and peaceful change and
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00325-00086160-00086318 i'm going to talk about the role
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00326-00086319-00086518 that women for independence had in the
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00327-00086519-00086623 scottish uh
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00328-00086624-00086847 referendum uh on how we changed the
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00329-00086848-00087006 narrative and how we continue to change
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00330-00087007-00087126 the narrative
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00331-00087127-00087318 um it's not always easy to do that
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00332-00087319-00087455 within a referendum
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00333-00087456-00087694 situation because referenda are by their
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00334-00087695-00087815 nature binary
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00335-00087816-00088015 another result they are divisive and
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00336-00088016-00088223 they are primed for conflict
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00337-00088224-00088479 but it doesn't have to always be so and
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00338-00088480-00088631 when the uk government agreed to
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00339-00088632-00088855 legislate for the scottish referendum
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00340-00088856-00089103 in 2012 the scottish government actually
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00341-00089104-00089359 wanted a third option on the ballot
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00342-00089360-00089606 not just yes not just no but one for a
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00343-00089607-00089671 greater
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00344-00089672-00089943 um extension of powers from westminster
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00345-00089944-00090118 to scotland and it was rejected
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00346-00090119-00090375 out of hand by the uk government and so
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00347-00090376-00090494 the die was cast
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00348-00090495-00090687 for the rancour and the division that
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00349-00090688-00090903 followed things have changed
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00350-00090904-00091255 since 2014 the betrayal of the promises
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00351-00091256-00091303 made
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00352-00091304-00091535 to scotland by the unionist parties
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00353-00091536-00091703 about extra powers
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00354-00091704-00091943 the fact that 66 of scots voted to
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00355-00091944-00092118 remain in the eu and we're being removed
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00356-00092119-00092206 from the union
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00357-00092207-00092471 without any concessions whatsoever and
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00358-00092472-00092615 the increasingly aggressive
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00359-00092616-00092775 and conflict-ridden attitude of the
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00360-00092776-00092935 westminster government that even if
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00361-00092936-00093182 there is proof of a democratic desire
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00362-00093183-00093359 for independence or a vote on
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00363-00093360-00093599 independence which the polls are showing
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00364-00093600-00093799 and which we believe will be evident
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00365-00093800-00094006 in the result of the scottish general
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00366-00094007-00094174 elections next may
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00367-00094175-00094382 they say they will not sanction a legal
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00368-00094383-00094487 referendum
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00369-00094488-00094750 this is all turning people towards yes
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00370-00094751-00094831 and as a result
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00371-00094832-00094959 it's very unlikely the scottish
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00372-00094960-00095118 government would even consider a third
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00373-00095119-00095343 option on the ballot
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00374-00095344-00095559 so born out of a country driven by
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00375-00095560-00095694 division and
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00376-00095695-00095911 uh facing that again how did women for
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00377-00095912-00096079 india and how do we continue
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00378-00096080-00096326 to change the narrative and it's
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00379-00096327-00096471 important you understand that in
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00380-00096472-00096655 scotland the case for independence was
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00381-00096656-00096799 largely framed in terms of
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00382-00096800-00097062 social justice what made the scottish
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00383-00097063-00097287 campaign so unusual is that it is not
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00384-00097288-00097471 framed in the conventional terms of
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00385-00097472-00097582 nationalism
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00386-00097583-00097887 or ethnic exceptionalism it was and
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00387-00097888-00098071 remains a question about national
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00388-00098072-00098238 sovereignty addressed as an
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00389-00098239-00098543 issue of social change and because it
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00390-00098544-00098615 was
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00391-00098616-00098823 um couched in those terms that's what
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00392-00098824-00098950 engaged people
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00393-00098951-00099238 97 of the adult population registered to
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00394-00099239-00099318 vote
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00395-00099319-00099694 in september 2014 and the turnout was 85
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00396-00099695-00099847 which is the highest since the
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00397-00099848-00100150 introduction of universal adult suffrage
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00398-00100151-00100447 that was despite the fact the press and
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00399-00100448-00100694 mainstream media was universally hostile
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00400-00100695-00100887 to independence but it didn't actually
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00401-00100888-00100967 matter
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00402-00100968-00101182 because as it got nearer the ballot the
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00403-00101183-00101359 grassroot movement
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00404-00101360-00101671 that women for independence was part of
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00405-00101672-00101903 was gathering strength it's because our
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00406-00101904-00102062 arguments were positive
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00407-00102063-00102238 and we went under the radar of the
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00408-00102239-00102447 negative better together campaign and
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00409-00102448-00102647 its press transmitters
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00410-00102648-00102830 so women for independence was part of
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00411-00102831-00102966 this mass grass
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00412-00102967-00103175 roots movement that was across the
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00413-00103176-00103399 country in geographical centers
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00414-00103400-00103639 every sector of society every social
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00415-00103640-00103847 group within society had its
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00416-00103848-00104127 independent supporting movement as
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00417-00104128-00104294 feminists we know that there's no part
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00418-00104295-00104527 of life or policy that is not without a
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00419-00104528-00104678 gender perspective
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00420-00104679-00104878 and that clearly included the prospect
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00421-00104879-00104990 of independence
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00422-00104991-00105302 so we were founded entirely to make sure
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00423-00105303-00105486 that women's voices and interests were
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00424-00105488-00105663 given a fair consideration
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00425-00105664-00105934 on that journey our message was that it
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00426-00105935-00105966 was
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00427-00105967-00106151 only independence that would give us the
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00428-00106152-00106310 full powers needed
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00429-00106311-00106527 to drive the aims of a socially just
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00430-00106528-00106758 nation and one which would promote at
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00431-00106759-00106863 its centre
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00432-00106864-00107086 the rights and roles of women and girls
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00433-00107088-00107247 and that that was the best way to
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00434-00107248-00107327 realize
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00435-00107328-00107527 the hopes and dreams of ourselves our
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00436-00107528-00107823 families and our communities
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00437-00107824-00108063 we believe that that is a unifying aim
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00438-00108064-00108143 for women
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00439-00108144-00108319 irrespective of their pul of their
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00440-00108320-00108583 politics and that was on the basis that
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00441-00108583-00108783 we had our conversations
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00442-00108783-00109127 what was the best way to achieve that
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00443-00109128-00109319 women for independence champion the fact
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00444-00109320-00109575 that we do politics differently but what
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00445-00109576-00109671 does that actually
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00446-00109672-00109990 mean women were telling us constantly
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00447-00109991-00110143 that they were turned off by
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00448-00110144-00110366 male-dominated branch meetings of
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00449-00110367-00110566 traditional party political
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00450-00110567-00110815 uh of traditional party politics they
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00451-00110816-00110999 were often isolated from that from
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00452-00111000-00111190 engagement through geography or
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00453-00111191-00111454 transport or lack of child care much of
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00454-00111455-00111695 the early part of the yes campaign was
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00455-00111696-00111783 formed by
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00456-00111783-00112095 what we call shouty men and the tendency
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00457-00112096-00112302 to focus on large public gatherings
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00458-00112303-00112471 waving flags in people's face
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00459-00112472-00112702 in faces and to say let's get
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00460-00112703-00112847 independence done
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00461-00112848-00113095 and think about the details later women
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00462-00113096-00113295 were not impressed by having flags waved
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00463-00113296-00113375 in their face
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00464-00113376-00113686 and wanted the detail discussed now
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00465-00113688-00113958 so we also appeal to a demographic of
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00466-00113959-00114039 women that is
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00467-00114040-00114278 largely invisible to politicians and
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00468-00114279-00114502 that's women between the ages of 40
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00469-00114503-00114727 and 60. in the early days of the
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00470-00114728-00114871 campaign the debates were all about
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00471-00114872-00115102 procedure and timing and process
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00472-00115103-00115358 and women on the whole being time poor
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00473-00115359-00115423 and
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00474-00115424-00115607 playing multiple roles have no patience
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00475-00115608-00115775 for that they wanted to debate
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00476-00115776-00116047 policy issues they wanted to debate
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00477-00116048-00116119 solutions
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00478-00116120-00116351 they wanted to debate change and that
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00479-00116352-00116486 was what we did
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00480-00116488-00116775 women's voices were front and central in
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00481-00116776-00116871 safe spaces
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00482-00116872-00117158 during our campaign and we began to
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00483-00117159-00117358 promote women into public life and we
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00484-00117359-00117495 have a huge number
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00485-00117496-00117686 of present and past national committee
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00486-00117688-00117799 members who are now
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00487-00117800-00117975 elected representatives locally and
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00488-00117976-00118158 nationally including two government
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00489-00118159-00118231 ministers
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00490-00118232-00118390 and this has spilled out to the wider
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00491-00118391-00118607 membership
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00492-00118608-00118799 we didn't accuse women who asked
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00493-00118800-00119015 questions of being
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00494-00119016-00119223 of running down scotland which was what
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00495-00119224-00119383 tended to happen generally in the
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00496-00119383-00119486 campaign
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00497-00119488-00119654 we were respectful to people who
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00498-00119655-00119823 disagreed with us we didn't call them
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00499-00119824-00120151 stupid and we challenged myths the main
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00500-00120152-00120327 myth is that women voted no because
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00501-00120328-00120486 their risk of earth there are actually
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00502-00120488-00120663 no evidence whatsoever that women are
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00503-00120664-00120831 more risk-averse than men
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00504-00120832-00120999 it's just that the things that women
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00505-00121000-00121151 worry about more
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00506-00121152-00121310 are the things in the campaign the big
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00507-00121311-00121486 ticket issues which weren't well
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00508-00121488-00121551 explained
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00509-00121552-00121878 in mostly the economy both micro economy
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00510-00121879-00122031 and macro economy
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00511-00122032-00122223 and when that economy goes wrong that's
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00512-00122224-00122366 when women worry because
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00513-00122367-00122575 women are more affected by austerity and
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00514-00122576-00122758 poverty they're more vulnerable in the
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00515-00122759-00122983 labor market being over-represented
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00516-00122983-00123239 in low-paid unskilled part-time and
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00517-00123240-00123447 insecure jobs
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00518-00123448-00123654 we conducted research that told us women
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00519-00123655-00123847 get their information differently
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00520-00123848-00124047 not from mainstream media literally
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00521-00124048-00124183 because they don't have time to sit down
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00522-00124183-00124358 and watch the news in the evening
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00523-00124359-00124558 they get it more from peers from other
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00524-00124559-00124751 women from sources they trust
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00525-00124752-00125047 older women aunts mothers younger women
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00526-00125048-00125166 their children
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00527-00125167-00125366 which tells us then that women have
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00528-00125367-00125543 potential to be influers of
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00529-00125544-00125823 influencers of other women so we tapped
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00530-00125824-00125958 into that
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00531-00125959-00126095 now other things are driving people
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00532-00126096-00126263 towards independence and other things
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00533-00126264-00126463 are driving women towards independence
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00534-00126464-00126614 the very strong performance of our
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00535-00126615-00126847 female first minister over covid
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00536-00126848-00127086 in stark contrast to the buffoon boris
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00537-00127088-00127190 johnson and his
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00538-00127191-00127447 blustering is showing women that it's
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00539-00127448-00127614 possible for a woman to stand up in
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00540-00127615-00127678 public
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00541-00127679-00127990 against hostile mostly male media and
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00542-00127991-00128310 win the day and the other key thing for
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00543-00128311-00128358 us
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00544-00128359-00128654 is that we didn't go away in 2014 and we
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00545-00128655-00128863 have been active in policy influencing
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00546-00128864-00129047 campaigning ever since
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00547-00129048-00129254 much of what we've campaigned for has
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00548-00129255-00129358 been picked up and
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00549-00129359-00129607 supported by cross party including
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00550-00129608-00129751 unionist parties
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00551-00129752-00129983 and is now law or forming part of
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00552-00129983-00130175 manifestos and that's particularly in
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00553-00130176-00130295 areas of
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00554-00130296-00130551 prison reform for women menstrual health
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00555-00130552-00130695 period poverty
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00556-00130696-00130895 uh sustainable food production land
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00557-00130896-00131183 reform rural poverty transport domestic
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00558-00131184-00131239 violence
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00559-00131240-00131414 so women for independence have a strong
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00560-00131415-00131719 record which we'll be building on
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00561-00131720-00131951 we come back to the premise that what
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00562-00131952-00132102 unites us as women
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00563-00132103-00132327 is more important than what divides us
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00564-00132328-00132535 if you get policy right for 52
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00565-00132536-00132743 of the population after all you get it
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00566-00132744-00132895 right for society
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00567-00132896-00133054 and we have consistently shifted the
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00568-00133055-00133271 narrative from a binary confrontational
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00569-00133272-00133335 message
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00570-00133336-00133551 to something more solution focused and
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00571-00133552-00133671 more nuanced
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00572-00133672-00133854 we asked women if the current
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00573-00133855-00134031 constitutional arrangement is selling
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00574-00134032-00134190 you short as women
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00575-00134191-00134439 why not consider an alternative or
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00576-00134440-00134511 better
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00577-00134512-00134887 why not help build that alternative
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00578-00134888-00135119 and it's working because in 2014 the
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00579-00135120-00135335 vast majority of women voted no
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00580-00135336-00135583 to independence the last poll to come
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00581-00135584-00135719 out two weeks ago
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00582-00135720-00136047 showed that now 55 of women would vote
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00583-00136048-00136119 yes
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00584-00136120-00136375 so that gender gap seems to have gone
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00585-00136376-00136519 and although women for independence
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00586-00136520-00136607 can't take
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00587-00136608-00136831 all the credit for it it is clear that
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00588-00136832-00137071 our message of hope and change
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00589-00137072-00137278 and what we've been promoting is finding
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00590-00137279-00137414 a wider audience
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00591-00137415-00137583 i'm not naive enough to think the next
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00592-00137584-00137775 campaign won't be divisive and that
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00593-00137776-00137927 shouty men with flags
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00594-00137928-00138214 will disappear but i am convinced that
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00595-00138215-00138327 women for india is
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00596-00138328-00138575 part of that grassroots movement which
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00597-00138576-00138695 engaged
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00598-00138696-00138999 and empowered a nation to be so involved
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00599-00139000-00139143 in one of the biggest questions i've
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00600-00139144-00139239 faced us
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00601-00139240-00139423 that that will bring more women into the
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00602-00139424-00139631 debate more women's voices into the
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00603-00139632-00139814 debate and as a result the debate will
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00604-00139815-00139902 be richer
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00605-00139903-00140102 and more nuanced and i hope it
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00606-00140103-00140319 encourages women to find their voice
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00607-00140320-00140566 to find a place to become organized to
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00608-00140567-00140623 develop
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00609-00140624-00140814 skills that they didn't know they had
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00610-00140815-00141023 and to continue to take part in public
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00611-00141024-00141071 life
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00612-00141072-00141295 and ultimately i hope that it's women
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00613-00141296-00141383 that bring us home
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00614-00141384-00141599 the gift of independence and that that
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00615-00141600-00141783 will be awarded with a place
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00616-00141784-00143374 back in the european family
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00617-00143375-00143839 [Music]
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00618-00143840-00144231 thank you hello dear colleagues partner
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00619-00144232-00144495 and our friends from bilbao i'm
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00620-00144496-00144726 delighted to be taking part in this
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00621-00144727-00145047 important discussion today so uh
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00622-00145048-00145343 as chavir said i'm the secretary general
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00623-00145344-00145511 of computer foundation
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00624-00145512-00145719 and as well a representative of the
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00625-00145720-00145966 corsican weekly newspaper
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00626-00145967-00146278 arity and both of which are committed to
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00627-00146279-00146478 promoting peace
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00628-00146479-00146687 indeed flemish politician maurice
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00629-00146688-00146814 copeters
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00630-00146815-00147054 whose name was given to our foundation
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00631-00147055-00147143 was a strong
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00632-00147144-00147399 promoter of non-violence and
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00633-00147400-00147671 intercultural dialogue in europe
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00634-00147672-00147990 and ality as a militant and
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00635-00147991-00148263 deeply pro-european newspaper is also
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00636-00148264-00148495 committed to this principle
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00637-00148496-00148823 so the event uh held today is a crucial
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00638-00148824-00149111 important because the last years have
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00639-00149112-00149143 seen
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00640-00149144-00149463 a surge in violence over sovereignty
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00641-00149464-00149671 issues in europe
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00642-00149672-00149883 no later than two months ago the
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00643-00149884-00150039 azerbaijani army
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00644-00150040-00150302 and its turkey ally have initiated
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00645-00150303-00150359 attacks
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00646-00150360-00150635 against the armenian people of
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00647-00150636-00150790 nagorno-karabakh
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00648-00150791-00151135 and this is a perfect illustration
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00649-00151136-00151414 we find ourselves now in a context of
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00650-00151415-00151526 redefinition
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00651-00151527-00151902 of what sovereignty means in europe
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00652-00151903-00152111 it is therefore time for a new
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00653-00152112-00152207 methodology
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00654-00152208-00152526 to solve conflicts
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00655-00152527-00152863 one that should fully embrace
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00656-00152864-00153135 and conform the european values and
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00657-00153136-00153223 break away
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00658-00153224-00153575 from the oversimplified concept of
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00659-00153576-00153887 nation states as understood across the
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00660-00153888-00154083 19th and 20th
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00661-00154084-00154407 century i also believe that
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00662-00154408-00154639 such a methodology will strengthen the
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00663-00154640-00154726 links and
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00664-00154727-00155054 rebuild trust between european citizens
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00665-00155055-00155390 and their governing institutions at a
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00666-00155391-00155471 time
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00667-00155472-00155790 when it's much needed
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00668-00155791-00156102 indeed today we see citizens all over
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00669-00156103-00156166 europe
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00670-00156167-00156390 expressing their distress for their
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00671-00156391-00156623 governments and frustration with the
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00672-00156624-00156687 measure
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00673-00156688-00156883 they are taking to tackle the current
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00674-00156884-00157023 pandemic
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00675-00157024-00157271 a new breath is needed in order to
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00676-00157272-00157335 rebuild
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00677-00157336-00157590 a more meaningful dialogue between
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00678-00157591-00157735 european citizens
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00679-00157736-00158126 and those those who govern them
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00680-00158127-00158463 media and especially minority media
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00681-00158464-00158831 can play a crucial role in this work
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00682-00158832-00159151 newspaper like like arity bring
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00683-00159152-00159426 to the four new ideas but also
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00684-00159427-00159559 representations
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00685-00159560-00159878 of diverse identity languages
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00686-00159879-00160207 culture which is vital to the
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00687-00160208-00160607 plurality of europeanness
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00688-00160608-00160926 such media connects european issues
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00689-00160927-00161254 with all citizens over the continent
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00690-00161255-00161623 allowing a better outreach and shedding
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00691-00161624-00161775 light on how europe
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00692-00161776-00162207 impacts on these citizens daily lives
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00693-00162208-00162559 as underlined by basque journalist
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00694-00162560-00162887 pilar calzada
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00695-00162888-00163254 quote in dark times of economic downturn
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00696-00163255-00163519 conflict climate change poverty and
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00697-00163520-00163647 inequality
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00698-00163648-00163999 people need hope and journalism has the
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00699-00164000-00164223 potential to provide it
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00700-00164224-00164535 stories told with style as well as
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00701-00164536-00164623 respecting
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00702-00164624-00164935 press freedom and diversity can help
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00703-00164936-00165223 people better understand the complex
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00704-00165224-00165287 world
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00705-00165288-00165623 in which we live i stand
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00706-00165624-00165935 by these words my theme believe
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00707-00165936-00166199 is that improved communication on
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00708-00166200-00166319 diversity
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00709-00166320-00166623 on dialogue across our continent is
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00710-00166624-00166726 crucial
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00711-00166727-00167047 especially when it comes to preserving
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00712-00167048-00167375 peace if media outlets
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00713-00167376-00167695 fail to show how complex and diverse our
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00714-00167696-00167807 societies
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00715-00167808-00168223 are or wealth fuel misrepresentation
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00716-00168224-00168559 of others when social then social
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00717-00168560-00168647 distance
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00718-00168648-00168926 between groups of population increases
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00719-00168927-00169031 which in turn
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00720-00169032-00169423 can lead to tensions this topic
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00721-00169424-00169759 is especially relevant this year when
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00722-00169760-00170071 the 13th session of the united nations
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00723-00170072-00170390 forum on minority issues is convened
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00724-00170391-00170726 on the theme of hate speech social media
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00725-00170727-00171087 and minorities online hate speech
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00726-00171088-00171447 and discrimination can lead to violence
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00727-00171448-00171783 or the exaspe the exacerbation
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00728-00171784-00172111 thereof in context of conflicts
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00729-00172112-00172431 negative stereotypes against vulnerable
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00730-00172432-00172807 vulnerable groups are often exacerbated
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00731-00172808-00173126 and may lead to violence and even
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00732-00173127-00173502 atrocity crimes this was
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00733-00173503-00173838 this was best exemplified as you might
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00734-00173839-00173902 know
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00735-00173903-00174263 during the 1994 genocide in rwanda
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00736-00174264-00174447 when a radio station was
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00737-00174448-00174695 instrumentalized for propaganda
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00738-00174696-00174931 in seating the violence and using
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00739-00174932-00175126 diseman nissing
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00740-00175127-00175495 language to speak about the tutsi
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00741-00175496-00175775 with this in mind independent and
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00742-00175776-00175871 pluralistic
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00743-00175872-00176199 media landscapes are crucial to ensure
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00744-00176200-00176463 social cohesion and peace
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00745-00176464-00176790 their need to be enough media
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00746-00176791-00177143 outlets to give everyone a voice
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00747-00177144-00177414 and those need to be fully independent
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00748-00177415-00177454 from
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00749-00177455-00177790 states control as europeans
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00750-00177791-00178151 we want to avoid a situation like
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00751-00178152-00178423 that of hong kong in this regard
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00752-00178424-00178631 according to reporters without
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00753-00178632-00178999 borders this territory has seen numerous
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00754-00179000-00179102 cases
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00755-00179103-00179366 of violence against the media during the
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00756-00179367-00179414 pro
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00757-00179415-00179847 democracy demonstration in um in 2019
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00758-00179848-00180190 press freedom it is a rethreat uh
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00759-00180191-00180543 as a result of pressure from beijing
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00760-00180544-00180895 so to rock to wrap up i i will say that
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00761-00180896-00181119 when thinking about a methodology to
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00762-00181120-00181278 solve conflict
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00763-00181279-00181663 it seems crucial to make sure speeches
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00764-00181664-00181990 heard in public spaces are informed
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00765-00181991-00182295 and balanced the media can help
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00766-00182296-00182638 with that by telling their research base
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00767-00182639-00183023 through in all independence and fairness
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00768-00183024-00183335 and provides space for alternative
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00769-00183336-00183735 voices and view this is why
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00770-00183736-00184038 this is what arity strives to do on a
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00771-00184039-00184143 weekly basis
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00772-00184144-00184495 since 8 december 1966
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00773-00184496-00184743 our governing institutions also have
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00774-00184744-00184895 their role to play
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00775-00184896-00185087 through the launching of public
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00776-00185088-00185254 awareness campaigns
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00777-00185255-00185502 to encourage inclusive societies
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00778-00185503-00185663 comprised of diverse
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00779-00185664-00185935 cultural languages and religions in
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00780-00185936-00186095 order to counter
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00781-00186096-00186375 to counter hate speech and intolerance
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00782-00186376-00189063 thank you
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00783-00189064-00189263 and and thank you to the computers
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00784-00189264-00189454 foundation for inviting me to take part
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00785-00189455-00189543 in this
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00786-00189544-00189895 uh round table uh which is exploring a
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00787-00189896-00190087 very important theme or themes
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00788-00190088-00190447 uh issues issues that are very alive
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00789-00190448-00190638 from where i am speaking to you from
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00790-00190639-00190943 this evening which is i i
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00791-00190944-00191175 i i live in belfast in northern ireland
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00792-00191176-00191343 i'm the director of the centre for cross
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00793-00191344-00191502 border studies which is actually based
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00794-00191503-00191526 in
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00795-00191527-00191895 armar which is uh a city officially a
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00796-00191896-00192054 city although when you see the size of
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00797-00192055-00192087 it
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00798-00192088-00192319 um you'd laugh when you ships it's
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00799-00192320-00192414 actually a town
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00800-00192415-00192663 but there's a town near the border with
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00801-00192664-00192807 the republic of ireland
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00802-00192808-00193038 um so the issues that we're talking
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00803-00193039-00193238 about discussing here tonight are issues
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00804-00193239-00193302 that are
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00805-00193303-00193599 very alive here on the island of ireland
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00806-00193600-00193711 um particularly
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00807-00193712-00194047 of course in the context of the united
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00808-00194048-00194295 kingdom's decision to leave the european
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00809-00194296-00194535 union and what that means
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00810-00194536-00194702 particularly for for northern ireland
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00811-00194703-00194887 and for the island of ireland
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00812-00194888-00195102 but i i want to actually go back a few
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00813-00195103-00195247 years to
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00814-00195248-00195390 we're talking about frameworks and
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00815-00195391-00195654 frameworks and legal frameworks in terms
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00816-00195655-00195887 of conflict resolution
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00817-00195888-00196231 and also in terms of what that might say
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00818-00196232-00196478 about the right to self-determination
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00819-00196479-00196863 and for my organization the center for
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00820-00196864-00197014 cross-border studies
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00821-00197015-00197238 one of the things that we are ruled by
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00822-00197239-00197319 uh and
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00823-00197320-00197711 my organization was created in 1999
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00824-00197712-00197935 and since then one of one of the the
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00825-00197936-00198119 kind of the policy
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00826-00198120-00198478 um pillars that is it's abided by
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00827-00198479-00198783 was continues to be the good friday
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00828-00198784-00198878 agreement
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00829-00198879-00199238 uh which was reached in 1998 which was
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00830-00199239-00199495 the agreement that brought to an end
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00831-00199496-00199599 decades
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00832-00199600-00199902 of a conflict that took thousands of
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00833-00199903-00199999 lives
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00834-00200000-00200326 injured tens of thousands uh
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00835-00200327-00200559 in northern ireland but it's a conflict
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00836-00200560-00200759 that we mustn't forget
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00837-00200760-00200999 that spanned it wasn't what wasn't
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00838-00201000-00201175 limited to northern ireland it wasn't
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00839-00201176-00201247 limited to
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00840-00201248-00201454 limited to the island of ireland it's a
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00841-00201455-00201623 conflict actually spread beyond the
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00842-00201624-00201719 island of ireland
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00843-00201720-00202023 it touched people and and and took
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00844-00202024-00202407 lives and and and scarred people
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00845-00202408-00202687 in great britain in other places in
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00846-00202688-00202838 gibraltar
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00847-00202839-00202990 other places in europe so it's not okay
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00848-00202991-00203135 we have to remember it's not a conflict
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00849-00203136-00203295 obviously that the heart of it was in
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00850-00203296-00203407 northern ireland and the other
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00851-00203408-00203599 environment it's one that spans
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00852-00203600-00203959 a spans uh borders but that agreement
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00853-00203960-00204183 that was reached back in 1998
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00854-00204184-00204407 i i just want to note a couple of things
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00855-00204408-00204535 about it
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00856-00204536-00204726 it's an agreement that actually has
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00857-00204727-00205023 three central parts to it
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00858-00205023-00205206 and again this this goes back to this
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00859-00205207-00205382 issue around
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00860-00205383-00205710 um going beyond borders
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00861-00205711-00206023 the good friday agreement has three core
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00862-00206023-00206151 parts to it
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00863-00206152-00206431 the first part is a part focusing
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00864-00206432-00206679 specifically on northern ireland
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00865-00206680-00206998 and on democratic power sharing
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00866-00207000-00207214 institutions
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00867-00207215-00207446 the second element or strand two of the
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00868-00207448-00207519 agreement
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00869-00207519-00207686 deals with the relationship between
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00870-00207687-00207886 northern ireland and the republic of
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00871-00207887-00207942 ireland
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00872-00207944-00208255 and creates specific institutions uh to
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00873-00208256-00208382 to enshrine
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00874-00208383-00208575 those relations between northern ireland
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00875-00208576-00208703 the republic of ireland
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00876-00208704-00208958 and there's a third element core element
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00877-00208959-00209086 to it
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00878-00209087-00209398 which is the one that sets a framework
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00879-00209400-00209590 for relations between the island of
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00880-00209591-00209646 ireland
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00881-00209648-00209855 and great britain and that brings
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00882-00209856-00209975 together
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00883-00209976-00210167 all of the governments the government in
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00884-00210167-00210342 belfast the government in dublin
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00885-00210344-00210479 the government in edinburgh the
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00886-00210480-00210639 government in cardiff the government in
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00887-00210640-00210694 london
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00888-00210696-00210855 as well as the governments of the island
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00889-00210856-00211046 man of the channel island so that it is
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00890-00211048-00211239 what we call the east-west dimension
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00891-00211240-00211567 of that agreement so what i want to to
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00892-00211567-00211631 emphasize
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00893-00211632-00211919 is that the agreement it was an
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00894-00211919-00212039 agreement
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00895-00212040-00212294 that brought to an end of conflict the
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00896-00212296-00212471 focus was northern ireland but spanned
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00897-00212471-00212646 beyond northern ireland but it is an
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00898-00212648-00212887 agreement actually brings together
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00899-00212888-00213206 the islands uh the island of ireland and
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00900-00213207-00213446 and and great britain into into into
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00901-00213448-00213782 this particular agreement
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00902-00213783-00214023 the agreement was reached on the 10th of
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00903-00214023-00214279 april of 1998
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00904-00214280-00214431 but it was an agreement that was
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00905-00214432-00214694 actually we mentioned referendums
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00906-00214696-00214942 tonight on several occasions while this
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00907-00214944-00215206 agreement of 1998 was actually approved
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00908-00215207-00215423 in two referendums one in northern
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00909-00215423-00215598 ireland and a simultaneous one in the
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00910-00215600-00215775 republic of ireland which took place on
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00911-00215776-00215975 the 22nd of may
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00912-00215976-00216391 of 1998 and just so you know 71.1
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00913-00216392-00216455 percent
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00914-00216456-00216679 in northern ireland voted in favor of
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00915-00216680-00216858 the good friday agreement and
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00916-00216859-00217198 94.4 of people in the republic of
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00917-00217200-00217255 ireland
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00918-00217256-00217591 voted yes so on both sides of the border
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00919-00217592-00217719 of the island environment people
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00920-00217719-00218215 voted for this this agreement
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00921-00218216-00218455 i would again want to highlight here an
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00922-00218456-00218575 aspect perhaps that
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00923-00218576-00218846 maybe it's something that that it's a
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00924-00218848-00218934 gap
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00925-00218935-00219191 that perhaps is being highlighted now
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00926-00219192-00219327 because of brexit
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00927-00219328-00219615 there was a referendum on that agreement
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00928-00219616-00219791 in northern ireland and the republic of
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00929-00219792-00219934 ireland it's agreement that actually
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00930-00219935-00220127 brings together the governments
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00931-00220128-00220406 of across the islands but there was no
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00932-00220407-00220487 referendum
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00933-00220488-00220734 in scotland or wales or england in terms
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00934-00220735-00220846 of what do people
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00935-00220848-00221094 think about the agreement than the good
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00936-00221096-00221191 fight agreement
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00937-00221192-00221479 in in great britain but that's perhaps
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00938-00221480-00221551 um
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00939-00221552-00221734 beside the point for now but i would
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00940-00221735-00221910 also like to emphasize
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00941-00221911-00222119 that that agreement approved by the
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00942-00222119-00222271 people of northern ireland the republic
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00943-00222271-00222358 of honour is an
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00944-00222359-00222679 international agreement that
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00945-00222680-00222910 with the governments of ireland and the
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00946-00222911-00223206 uk being its co-guarantors it's lodged
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00947-00223207-00223367 in the united nations
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00948-00223367-00223623 so it's in an international agreement
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00949-00223623-00223775 under international law
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00950-00223776-00224015 and i want to come back to that so an
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00951-00224016-00224175 international agreement that brings to
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00952-00224176-00224223 an end
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00953-00224223-00224519 a a conflict or or a resolution to a
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00954-00224519-00224606 conflict
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00955-00224607-00224998 um on the island of ireland
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00956-00225000-00225358 let's quickly move forward to 2016 and
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00957-00225359-00225558 another referendum
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00958-00225559-00225887 the referendum on the uk's
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00959-00225888-00226103 uh withdrawal from the european union
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00960-00226104-00226294 and just to remind people and i
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00961-00226296-00226551 know most people be aware of that
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00962-00226552-00226671 although the uk
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00963-00226671-00227055 as a whole voted to leave the european
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00964-00227056-00227239 union
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00965-00227240-00227527 northern ireland didn't vote to leave
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00966-00227528-00227663 northern ireland the people of northern
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00967-00227664-00227710 ireland
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00968-00227711-00228015 that the result was a vote to remain as
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00969-00228016-00228198 it was in scotland as well although
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00970-00228200-00228342 scotland actually that the percentage
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00971-00228344-00228503 was that was higher than in northern
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00972-00228504-00228719 ireland in scotland it was 62 percent
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00973-00228719-00228934 in favor of remaining in the european
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00974-00228935-00229167 union in northern ireland it was 56
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00975-00229167-00229287 percent
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00976-00229288-00229567 um but here again we got the question of
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00977-00229567-00229615 who
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00978-00229616-00229934 is voting whose voice are we hearing
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00979-00229935-00230246 in the in the in these in these votes uh
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00980-00230248-00230534 and whose voices are being heard um in
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00981-00230535-00230598 terms of
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00982-00230600-00230846 of the decisions being made and then how
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00983-00230848-00231079 those
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00984-00231080-00231455 decisions influence policy
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00985-00231456-00231791 um one of the things that uh
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00986-00231792-00231975 and i'm just speaking in generalities
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00987-00231976-00232134 that we can get into the detail later
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00988-00232135-00232398 perhaps in the in the discussions
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00989-00232400-00232631 european union membership which is
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00990-00232632-00232782 common to the uk
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00991-00232783-00233046 and to the republic of ireland meant
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00992-00233048-00233127 that
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00993-00233128-00233398 the question of identity in northern
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00994-00233400-00233471 ireland
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00995-00233471-00233639 whether you identified yourself as
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00996-00233640-00233871 british or irish
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00997-00233871-00234206 it's not that it was obliterated or or
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00998-00234207-00234398 was no longer a point of contention but
+PGdfQfu6tGA-00999-00234400-00234542 it was it was one that
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01000-00234544-00234782 was given a different space the european
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01001-00234783-00234982 space gave a different dimension to this
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01002-00234983-00235127 question of identity
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01003-00235128-00235415 and sovereignty the brexit has put
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01004-00235416-00235503 firmly back
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01005-00235504-00235815 in place like this question of identity
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01006-00235816-00236039 who do you identify as and does that
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01007-00236040-00236215 identify identity
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01008-00236216-00236694 um relate to territory to sovereignty
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01009-00236696-00236982 and i'm just going to very quickly
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01010-00236983-00237119 remind people of something
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01011-00237119-00237510 in terms of the the self-determination
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01012-00237511-00237663 going back again to the good friday
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01013-00237664-00237894 agreement of 1998 that brought to an end
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01014-00237896-00238046 the decades of conflict now
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01015-00238048-00238246 i'm just i'm sorry to do this but i
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01016-00238248-00238398 think it's important i'm just going to
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01017-00238400-00238646 very briefly a short short quote i'm
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01018-00238648-00238734 going to read
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01019-00238735-00239087 directly from the good friday agreement
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01020-00239088-00239410 um and what it says about the right to
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01021-00239411-00239567 self-determination
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01022-00239567-00239831 so the the parties to the agreement here
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01023-00239832-00239934 i quote directly
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01024-00239935-00240175 recognize that it is for the people of
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01025-00240176-00240327 the island of ireland
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01026-00240328-00240639 alone by agreement between the two parts
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01027-00240640-00240815 respectively and without
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01028-00240816-00241119 external impediment to exercise their
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01029-00241119-00241334 right of self-determination
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01030-00241335-00241630 on the basis of consent freely and
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01031-00241631-00241782 concurrently given
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01032-00241783-00242094 north and south to bring about a united
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01033-00242096-00242151 ireland
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01034-00242152-00242406 if that is their wish accepting that
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01035-00242407-00242479 this right
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01036-00242480-00242782 must be achieved and exercised with and
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01037-00242783-00242894 subject to
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01038-00242896-00243191 the agreement and consent of a majority
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01039-00243192-00243439 of the people of northern ireland
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01040-00243440-00243606 this is what the good friday agreement
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01041-00243607-00243767 that the party signed up to
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01042-00243767-00244087 says about self-determination and the
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01043-00244088-00244167 prospect
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01044-00244167-00244519 of a united island it it is something
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01045-00244519-00244679 that is a right of people
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01046-00244680-00245006 to to to to to to look to achieve
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01047-00245007-00245151 it is something that can only be
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01048-00245152-00245327 achieved however with the agreement and
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01049-00245328-00245551 consent of a majority of the people of
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01050-00245552-00245758 northern ireland but it is written into
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01051-00245759-00245967 the good friday agreement
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01052-00245967-00246151 and just another element in terms of
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01053-00246152-00246391 that agreement that 1998 agreement and
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01054-00246392-00246463 how
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01055-00246464-00246663 it gave us a framework that brought an
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01056-00246664-00246879 end to uh decades of conflict
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01057-00246880-00247039 it also has something very important to
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01058-00247040-00247327 say around identity
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01059-00247328-00247598 and here this i am i'm going to again
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01060-00247600-00247655 quickly
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01061-00247656-00247887 reach from the agreement itself it's
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01062-00247888-00248006 actually from
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01063-00248007-00248151 the good friday group is actually two
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01064-00248152-00248310 agreements it's it's an agreement
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01065-00248311-00248471 between the the political parties in
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01066-00248471-00248639 northern ireland but it's also a british
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01067-00248640-00248767 irish agreement between the two
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01068-00248767-00248887 governments of britain and
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01069-00248888-00249134 uh or the uk and and the republic of
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01070-00249135-00249279 ireland so this part is actually from
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01071-00249280-00249398 that
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01072-00249400-00249734 british irish agreement and it says this
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01073-00249735-00249894 the two parties the british and irish
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01074-00249896-00250094 governments recognize the birthright
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01075-00250096-00250306 of all the people of northern ireland to
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01076-00250307-00250487 identify themselves
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01077-00250488-00250815 and be accepted as irish or british or
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01078-00250816-00251079 both as they may so choose and
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01079-00251080-00251271 accordingly confirm that their right to
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01080-00251271-00251542 hold both british and irish citizenship
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01081-00251544-00251863 is accepted by both governments and
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01082-00251864-00252119 would not be affected by any future
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01083-00252119-00252367 change in the status of northern ireland
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01084-00252367-00252615 so that that that international
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01085-00252616-00252727 agreement
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01086-00252728-00252919 says something about identity as well
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01087-00252919-00253110 how people of northern i could
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01088-00253111-00253439 identify themselves as irish or british
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01089-00253440-00253751 or both if they so wish and that right
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01090-00253752-00254015 to identify yourself as irish or british
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01091-00254016-00254119 continues
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01092-00254119-00254303 no matter what the future of the
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01093-00254304-00254463 constitutional status of northern
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01094-00254464-00254630 ireland is so if northern ireland
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01095-00254631-00254830 wants to become part of a united island
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01096-00254831-00255055 in the future that right to identify
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01097-00255056-00255182 yourself as british
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01098-00255183-00255551 will continue in future but here i come
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01099-00255552-00255582 to
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01100-00255583-00255919 my conclusion it's an international
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01101-00255919-00255975 agreement
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01102-00255976-00256423 it's international law but very recently
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01103-00256423-00256694 um i'm sure many people would be aware
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01104-00256696-00256751 uh
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01105-00256752-00257071 in the in westminster in in the year so
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01106-00257071-00257342 this is back in the uk in westminster
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01107-00257344-00257671 we had a government minister uh
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01108-00257671-00257846 on the floor of the house of commons in
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01109-00257848-00258087 a debate and it just so happened that
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01110-00258088-00258167 that minister
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01111-00258167-00258358 was actually the secretary of state for
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01112-00258359-00258519 northern ireland so the uk government
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01113-00258519-00258687 minister responsible for northern
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01114-00258688-00258958 ireland was asked a question
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01115-00258959-00259294 following the in what is known as the
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01116-00259296-00259591 internal market bill where he was asked
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01117-00259592-00259782 about international law
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01118-00259783-00260134 and because of this internal market bill
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01119-00260135-00260391 and he confessed that that internal
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01120-00260392-00260479 market bill
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01121-00260480-00260806 will break international law in a very
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01122-00260807-00260894 specific
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01123-00260896-00261151 and limited way so this is a government
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01124-00261152-00261342 minister accepting that
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01125-00261344-00261630 they are introducing legislation that
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01126-00261631-00261671 will
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01127-00261671-00261951 or has the potential of going against
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01128-00261952-00262142 international law
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01129-00262144-00262343 now why am i saying this and this isn't
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01130-00262344-00262503 this is all in the context of brexit
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01131-00262504-00262630 this is all in the context of
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01132-00262631-00262806 introducing legislation because of
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01133-00262807-00262903 brexit
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01134-00262904-00263151 and this uh acceptance of this
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01135-00263152-00263319 particular piece of legislation can
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01136-00263320-00263406 break international
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01137-00263407-00263806 law it means that there is now
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01138-00263807-00264095 a a lack of trust so if there is a
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01139-00264096-00264310 confession that we are the uk government
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01140-00264311-00264519 is prepared to break international law
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01141-00264520-00264839 in this area because of brexit
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01142-00264840-00265087 what is to stop it from breaking
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01143-00265088-00265279 international law in respect
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01144-00265280-00265495 of the good friday agreement which is an
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01145-00265496-00265630 international agreement
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01146-00265631-00265895 it's international law that so that's
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01147-00265896-00266055 one element
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01148-00266056-00266191 the other thing it was actually david
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01149-00266192-00266382 hicks referred to when he was talking
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01150-00266383-00266447 about
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01151-00266448-00266639 languages and he referred to an irish
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01152-00266640-00266799 language act
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01153-00266800-00267134 these great illegal frameworks in terms
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01154-00267135-00267223 of uh
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01155-00267224-00267482 conflict resolution they they represent
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01156-00267483-00267663 potential but they're not
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01157-00267664-00267895 any good unless what they say these
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01158-00267896-00268095 agreements are actually then put into
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01159-00268096-00268255 domestic law so you might have an
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01160-00268256-00268382 international
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01161-00268383-00268615 agreement but unless you then enact it
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01162-00268616-00268751 in domestic law
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01163-00268752-00269087 then you know that there is there there
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01164-00269088-00269158 are there are
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01165-00269159-00269319 our problems there and that's one of the
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01166-00269320-00269479 problems we've had with elements
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01167-00269480-00269743 of of of the good fight agreement and my
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01168-00269744-00269975 final two points
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01169-00269976-00270206 in terms of conflict resolution there is
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01170-00270207-00270287 this this
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01171-00270288-00270487 this we have to achieve a good balance
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01172-00270488-00270710 between the letter of the law
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01173-00270711-00271006 and the spirit of the law we sometimes
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01174-00271007-00271134 have a tendency of
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01175-00271135-00271495 of people political elites or political
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01176-00271496-00271606 parties
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01177-00271607-00271991 to just abide by the letter of a law
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01178-00271992-00272199 um well when you're talking about
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01179-00272200-00272406 conflict resolution which is a dynamic
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01180-00272407-00272567 process sometimes what you need
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01181-00272568-00272791 is the spirit of the law not just the
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01182-00272792-00273039 letter it's the spirit what is behind
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01183-00273040-00273263 what that law why that law was actually
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01184-00273264-00273439 written in the first place so there's
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01185-00273440-00273582 there's this need also for
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01186-00273583-00273806 the spirit of the law and common
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01187-00273807-00273895 ownership
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01188-00273896-00274182 there's that the most perfect laws like
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01189-00274183-00274310 the good friday agreement
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01190-00274311-00274582 will lack power lack effectiveness if
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01191-00274583-00274630 they're not
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01192-00274631-00274991 commonly owned by the people to whom
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01193-00274992-00275167 that that where the conflict is supposed
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01194-00275168-00275295 to be being resolved
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01195-00275296-00275439 and that is another element of the good
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01196-00275440-00275647 fighting game it has lots of potential
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01197-00275648-00275839 but we need that common ownership and we
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01198-00275840-00275999 need that put into domestic law
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01199-00276000-00278682 and i'll leave it at that thank you
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01200-00278683-00279317 is
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01201-00279318-00280082 [Music]
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01202-00280083-00281229 um
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01203-00281230-00281482 [Music]
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01204-00281483-00282033 foreign
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01205-00282034-00283578 [Music]
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01206-00283579-00285682 [Music]
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01207-00285683-00287082 is
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01208-00287083-00287287 david
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01209-00287288-00287599 uh well i'm an ex-journalist and as a
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01210-00287600-00287751 result of that i
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01211-00287752-00288054 absolutely reject the idea that the
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01212-00288055-00288247 media reflects
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01213-00288248-00288527 public opinion the media shapes public
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01214-00288528-00288710 opinion and the media does that
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01215-00288711-00288934 to the agenda of others and the first
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01216-00288935-00289158 thing that people have to do is ask
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01217-00289159-00289303 whose agenda that is
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01218-00289304-00289558 and for example the creation of fox news
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01219-00289559-00289695 in the united states
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01220-00289696-00289919 couldn't be more obvious of that in fact
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01221-00289920-00289999 everything that's come
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01222-00290000-00290327 out of rupert murdoch stable i often
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01223-00290328-00290471 answer this question by saying
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01224-00290472-00290727 there was a time when if you went to
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01225-00290728-00290863 church
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01226-00290864-00291167 you listened to the mass in latin even
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01227-00291168-00291282 though you didn't speak
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01228-00291283-00291527 latin and that was the church's way of
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01229-00291528-00291630 controlling you
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01230-00291631-00291830 of telling you what to think and what
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01231-00291831-00291951 would happen to you
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01232-00291952-00292223 why did that stop that stopped because
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01233-00292224-00292423 there was a point when people said
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01234-00292424-00292758 i want to know myself
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01235-00292759-00293134 i don't trust this now it's exactly that
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01236-00293135-00293263 that needs to happen
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01237-00293264-00293454 people need to understand their voices
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01238-00293455-00293599 matter their voices
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01239-00293600-00293910 count even if their voice is unique or
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01240-00293911-00294158 sectorial or represents a small bit of
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01241-00294159-00294247 society
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01242-00294248-00294471 and what that needs are things like
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01243-00294472-00294591 social movements
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01244-00294592-00294887 to say we will help you make that voice
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01245-00294888-00294934 count
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01246-00294935-00295271 we will help you challenge and say
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01247-00295272-00295599 i don't believe you i always think um
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01248-00295600-00295823 the answer to anything to do with power
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01249-00295824-00296006 and this question is essentially about
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01250-00296007-00296071 power
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01251-00296072-00296271 is follow the money it's what tony benn
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01252-00296272-00296415 used to say ask
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01253-00296416-00296630 who has the power what did he do with
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01254-00296631-00296854 the power where did they get the power
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01255-00296855-00297110 on who's in whose benefit is that power
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01256-00297111-00297175 wielded
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01257-00297176-00297406 and more importantly how can we take
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01258-00297407-00297487 that power
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01259-00297488-00297703 from people and i think that is
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01260-00297704-00297943 absolutely it people have to trust
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01261-00297944-00298279 that their own voices matter
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01262-00298280-00298615 and the whole demonization of the other
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01263-00298616-00298815 whether that's the person with the other
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01264-00298816-00298951 point of view
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01265-00298952-00299119 or the demonization of people who are
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01266-00299120-00299327 different from you who become a target
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01267-00299328-00299423 for hatred
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01268-00299424-00299727 needs to stop and that takes courage
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01269-00299728-00300047 and it does take strong social movement
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01270-00300048-00300303 leaders to do that now it's a bit of a
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01271-00300304-00300487 maybe i'm talking about unicorns and
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01272-00300488-00300687 maybe it's it's fanciful
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01273-00300688-00300871 but there's no other way to do it but
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01274-00300872-00301023 come back to that thought about the
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01275-00301024-00301079 church
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01276-00301080-00301319 there was a time you no idea what you
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01277-00301320-00301479 were being told on a sunday
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01278-00301480-00301695 and that isn't the case now took a long
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01279-00301696-00301847 time but it
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01280-00301848-00302254 ultimately it worked
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01281-00302255-00302606 okay my like conclusion
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01282-00302607-00302758 comments you know with this um like
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01283-00302759-00302910 fascinating topic of this
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01284-00302911-00303230 very timely topic of this conference
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01285-00303231-00303606 is how can we in europe still today um
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01286-00303607-00303871 when we're sort of looking at um working
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01287-00303872-00304087 towards gender equality
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01288-00304088-00304239 racial equality and that we still have
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01289-00304240-00304471 this language inequality
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01290-00304472-00304775 how it can it be the catalans
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01291-00304776-00305006 and airports get beaten up by spanish
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01292-00305007-00305103 policemen
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01293-00305104-00305391 for speaking catalan um you know
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01294-00305392-00305447 children
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01295-00305448-00305630 get discriminated against in the basque
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01296-00305631-00305823 country for like using bass
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01297-00305824-00306079 or um in the french state you know the
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01298-00306080-00306223 leader in human rights
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01299-00306224-00306423 we still haven't even ratified an old
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01300-00306424-00306534 1990s
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01301-00306535-00306775 charter for regional languages you know
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01302-00306776-00306887 it's a disgrace
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01303-00306888-00307143 how can it carry on like this um and
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01304-00307144-00307295 this is why it's so important that we
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01305-00307296-00307543 work towards getting some kind of um
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01306-00307544-00307799 thing for our languages because you
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01307-00307800-00308030 can't carry on discriminating against
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01308-00308031-00308199 people's languages it's like
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01309-00308200-00308447 discriminating against their core being
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01310-00308448-00308695 um we've seen it happen already uh with
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01311-00308696-00308854 ganec you know discriminated to the
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01312-00308855-00308934 point that it's
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01313-00308935-00309247 uh almost disappeared yes now there's
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01314-00309248-00309327 some
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01315-00309328-00309543 movements for these things for it to be
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01316-00309544-00309703 uh to come back but
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01317-00309704-00309903 uh you know the there was like the
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01318-00309904-00310110 clearances and everybody had to
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01319-00310111-00310303 you know they were kind of cleared out
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01320-00310304-00310510 and it's just you know this
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01321-00310511-00310719 mindset of uh discriminating on the
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01322-00310720-00310847 grounds of language you know it's gonna
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01323-00310848-00310903 change
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01324-00310904-00311151 along with the other discriminations but
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01325-00311152-00311230 with language
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01326-00311231-00311382 discriminating it's still like the kind
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01327-00311383-00311647 of you know kind of late at the party of
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01328-00311648-00311710 the other
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01329-00311711-00311927 human rights so that would be my
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01330-00311928-00312039 concluding comments you know if you're
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01331-00312040-00312223 going to have conflict resolution it's
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01332-00312224-00312287 like
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01333-00312288-00312487 when there's language involved it's
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01334-00312488-00312639 central and it's got to be
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01335-00312640-00313030 included in there thank you
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01336-00313031-00313239 actually going back to what magazine
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01337-00313240-00313375 actually david was
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01338-00313376-00313623 relating to there as well for conflict
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01339-00313624-00313703 resolution
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01340-00313704-00314079 we it's also being aware of power
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01341-00314080-00314399 structures the book
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01342-00314400-00314591 going back to the context of where i'm
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01343-00314592-00314719 in now
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01344-00314720-00314863 which is you know northern ireland is
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01345-00314864-00315047 part of a united kingdom which is made
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01346-00315048-00315151 up of
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01347-00315152-00315447 constituent elements let's just say i'll
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01348-00315448-00315654 use an example a very recent example
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01349-00315655-00315863 which relates to covit and just gives
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01350-00315864-00316158 you an idea of of
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01351-00316159-00316375 who's speaking who's who's heard and who
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01352-00316376-00316487 makes decisions
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01353-00316488-00316758 so northern ireland i'll just speak for
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01354-00316759-00316919 about northern ireland for the moment uh
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01355-00316920-00317047 has been in kind of a
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01356-00317048-00317382 lockdown for quite a while now
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01357-00317383-00317703 um but there was no real support coming
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01358-00317704-00317767 from the
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01359-00317768-00317975 uk government in terms of those people
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01360-00317976-00318158 who were not working
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01361-00318159-00318519 until the english government said that's
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01362-00318520-00318775 sorry the the uk prime minister decided
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01363-00318776-00318982 that that that the england was going to
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01364-00318983-00319030 go into
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01365-00319031-00319319 lockdown and then all of a sudden the
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01366-00319320-00319406 supports were
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01367-00319407-00319671 there for scotland northern ireland and
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01368-00319672-00319839 wales in terms of those who were
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01369-00319840-00320047 not not able to work they've been sent
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01370-00320048-00320247 home couldn't work because of
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01371-00320248-00320599 coronavirus so it's we all have the same
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01372-00320600-00320934 problem but it only really recognizes a
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01373-00320935-00320991 problem
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01374-00320992-00321310 when it hits one particular place and
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01375-00321311-00321479 then and then all of a sudden it's
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01376-00321480-00321623 recognized as a problem
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01377-00321624-00321967 um so it's it's again making sure that
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01378-00321968-00322271 all voices are heard and all voices are
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01379-00322272-00322391 recognized and
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01380-00322392-00322623 and the problem is a problem that's
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01381-00322624-00322823 recognized
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01382-00322824-00323023 at all times not just a particular time
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01383-00323024-00323191 when it hits a particular element of a
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01384-00323192-00323279 population
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01385-00323280-00323823 so that that's what i would finish with
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01386-00323824-00324103 so my conclusion as well is that with
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01387-00324104-00324295 rit we are trying to
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01388-00324296-00324639 give a voice a different voice because
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01389-00324640-00324943 as you know in in france the mainstream
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01390-00324944-00325039 media
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01391-00325040-00325263 is completely on the same line as the
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01392-00325264-00325415 the french government
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01393-00325416-00325695 which is that there is only one state
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01394-00325696-00325799 one people
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01395-00325800-00326079 one language no diversity no territories
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01396-00326080-00326103 and
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01397-00326104-00326391 no other people and indeed no possible
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01398-00326392-00326503 recognition
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01399-00326504-00326791 of other people as the corsican people
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01400-00326792-00326879 living
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01401-00326880-00327191 in in in this territory so for us
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01402-00327192-00327503 arity is as well a way uh
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01403-00327504-00327775 to to promote this kind of idea and to
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01404-00327776-00327999 to tell as maggie said to people
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01405-00328000-00328239 think differently be free to think what
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01406-00328240-00328303 you want to
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01407-00328304-00328647 to to to think and if it's against
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01408-00328648-00328975 the the mainstream media and the the
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01409-00328976-00329023 main
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01410-00329024-00329375 ideas promoted by the government
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01411-00329376-00329719 there is a way and and we can be uh
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01412-00329720-00330103 together um and share different way
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01413-00330104-00330287 to think and to live and we have to
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01414-00330288-00330487 respect that and to encourage
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01415-00330488-00330791 all the way like media and other way
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01416-00330792-00333282 to promote this this freedom thank you
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01417-00333283-00333613 a
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01418-00333614-00334682 [Music]
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01419-00334683-00335110 foreign
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01420-00335111-00335391 very quickly this was actually uh the
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01421-00335392-00335430 pre
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01422-00335431-00335703 not one of the previous irish prime
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01423-00335704-00335863 ministers or t-shirts during the
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01424-00335864-00336054 negotiations actually managed
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01425-00336055-00336254 the commission agreed to that if there
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01426-00336255-00336367 was to be
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01427-00336368-00336606 a reunification then then northern i
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01428-00336607-00336815 would automatically become part of
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01429-00336816-00336999 of the european union so different from
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01430-00337000-00337158 scotland where
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01431-00337159-00337423 i i'm afraid that question is still to
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01432-00337424-00337606 be resolved but the european commission
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01433-00337607-00337791 has already agreed to that in terms of
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01434-00337792-00338023 if there were to be united ireland then
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01435-00338024-00338175 we'd go but we would be part of the
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01436-00338176-00338799 european union again
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01437-00338800-00338999 it was interesting to see what joe biden
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01438-00339000-00339143 was saying about how much he
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01439-00339144-00339327 supports good friday agreement you know
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01440-00339328-00339534 very strong comments
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01441-00339535-00339719 um you know i don't know if you had any
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01442-00339720-00339871 comment about that i found that very
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01443-00339872-00340030 interesting when he got elected you know
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01444-00340031-00340191 we were going back looking at
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01445-00340192-00340430 his comments in september about any
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01446-00340431-00340606 threat to the good friday agreement
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01447-00340607-00340863 um you know backing up totally i don't
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01448-00340864-00341030 know what did you think about that
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01449-00341031-00341215 just on that well i i think what is
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01450-00341216-00341399 really interested is is
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01451-00341400-00341695 the i think was today time time is now a
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01452-00341696-00341854 stretchy element i think it was today
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01453-00341855-00342015 that there was the phone calls from the
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01454-00342016-00342087 president
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01455-00342088-00342391 to both boris johnson and to the irish
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01456-00342392-00342727 t-shirt michael martin but joe biden's
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01457-00342728-00343006 readout published after the conversation
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01458-00343007-00343167 mentions him telling
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01459-00343168-00343367 boris johnson that he values the good
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01460-00343368-00343495 friday agreement
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01461-00343496-00343703 boris johnson's readout of that sort of
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01462-00343704-00343895 published readout after the telephone
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01463-00343896-00344054 call did not mention the good friday
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01464-00344055-00344287 room so joe biden's
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01465-00344288-00344478 published statement says good friday
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01466-00344479-00344654 green boris johnson does not mention the
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01467-00344655-00344791 good friday agreement at all
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01468-00344792-00345023 so that that tells you something i i'd
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01469-00345024-00345151 like to pick up on something that
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01470-00345152-00345295 anthony said that there is of course
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01471-00345296-00345558 precedent for knowing for the eu knowing
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01472-00345559-00345695 how to deal with a uh
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01473-00345696-00345895 a reunification because they had it with
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01474-00345896-00346095 germany there is no precedent for
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01475-00346096-00346295 a country that secedes from another
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01476-00346296-00346487 country that is as a whole was part of
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01477-00346488-00346623 the eu and the last time
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01478-00346624-00346775 i spoke at the competitive foundation
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01479-00346776-00346934 when i was in brussels that was one of
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01480-00346935-00347095 the asks that i had
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01481-00347096-00347263 was that there needs to be a road map
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01482-00347264-00347495 for that so that when people are voting
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01483-00347496-00347639 they know what the outcome is going to
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01484-00347640-00347823 be and it's not it is
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01485-00347824-00348095 absolutely not acceptable that people
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01486-00348096-00348239 within the commission without
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01487-00348240-00348439 really any knowledge make ridiculous
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01488-00348440-00348663 statements about who can and can't join
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01489-00348664-00348782 because that changed the vote in
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01490-00348783-00349078 scotland in their independence my friend
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01491-00349079-00351905 there's no doubt about that
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01492-00351906-00354365 [Music]
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01493-00354366-00355403 [Music]
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01494-00355404-00355682 [Music]
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01495-00355683-00356183 is
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01496-00356184-00356382 [Music]
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01497-00356383-00356751 thank you thank you thank you very much
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01499-00360866-00363115 [Music]
+PGdfQfu6tGA-01500-00363116-00363416 bierte
+PH5Vlb2dTfQ-00000-00000131-00000403 foreign
+PH5Vlb2dTfQ-00002-00003914-00004072 thank you
+PH5Vlb2dTfQ-00003-00004073-00004672 foreign
+PH5Vlb2dTfQ-00004-00004673-00006881 [Music]
+PH5Vlb2dTfQ-00005-00006881-00009033 [Music]
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+PH5Vlb2dTfQ-00022-00024960-00025230 [Music]
+PH5Vlb2dTfQ-00023-00025231-00025390 we are
+PH5Vlb2dTfQ-00024-00025391-00025811 [Music]
+PH5Vlb2dTfQ-00025-00025812-00025825 good
+PH5Vlb2dTfQ-00026-00025826-00026817 [Music]
+PH5Vlb2dTfQ-00027-00026818-00028363 [Music]
+PH5Vlb2dTfQ-00028-00028364-00028514 [Applause]
+PH5Vlb2dTfQ-00029-00028516-00028937 [Music]
+PH5Vlb2dTfQ-00030-00028938-00029064 thank you
+PH5Vlb2dTfQ-00031-00029066-00029698 [Music]
+PH5Vlb2dTfQ-00032-00029699-00030156 [Applause]
+PH5Vlb2dTfQ-00033-00030157-00032008 [Music]
+PH5Vlb2dTfQ-00034-00032010-00033210 [Music]
+PH5Vlb2dTfQ-00035-00033211-00034117 [Music]
+PH5Vlb2dTfQ-00036-00034118-00034392 I don't know
+PH5Vlb2dTfQ-00037-00034393-00037139 [Music]
+PH5Vlb2dTfQ-00038-00037140-00037502 I've been dreaming not in my
+PHOp_e8LG_k-00000-00000639-00000961 uh
+PHOp_e8LG_k-00002-00006911-00007070 but
+PHOp_e8LG_k-00003-00007072-00008431 [Music]
+PHOp_e8LG_k-00004-00008432-00008751 bye
+PHOp_e8LG_k-00005-00008752-00009202 hey
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+PHOp_e8LG_k-00007-00010161-00010619 [Applause]
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+PHOp_e8LG_k-00015-00016683-00017448 [Music]
+PHOp_e8LG_k-00016-00017449-00018026 [Music]
+PHOp_e8LG_k-00017-00018027-00019279 [Music]
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+PHOp_e8LG_k-00021-00020869-00021735 [Music]
+PHOp_e8LG_k-00022-00021736-00022269 [Applause]
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+PHOp_e8LG_k-00024-00022556-00023614 [Music]
+PHOp_e8LG_k-00025-00023615-00023801 hey
+PHOp_e8LG_k-00026-00023802-00024602 [Music]
+PHOp_e8LG_k-00027-00024603-00025135 [Music]
+PHOp_e8LG_k-00028-00025136-00026958 [Music]
+PHOp_e8LG_k-00029-00026960-00027450 hello
+PHOp_e8LG_k-00030-00027451-00029645 [Music]
+PHOp_e8LG_k-00031-00029645-00030111 [Music]
+PHOp_e8LG_k-00032-00030112-00031239 do
+PHOp_e8LG_k-00033-00031239-00031364 my time
+PHOp_e8LG_k-00034-00031366-00032777 [Music]
+PHOp_e8LG_k-00035-00032778-00035342 [Music]
+PHOp_e8LG_k-00036-00035343-00036911 [Music]
+PHOp_e8LG_k-00037-00036912-00038629 so
+PHOp_e8LG_k-00038-00038630-00039148 [Music]
+PHOp_e8LG_k-00039-00039149-00039354 [Applause]
+PHOp_e8LG_k-00040-00039355-00040630 [Music]
+PHOp_e8LG_k-00041-00040631-00042774 bye
+PHOp_e8LG_k-00042-00042775-00043764 so
+PHOp_e8LG_k-00043-00043765-00043990 [Music]
+PHOp_e8LG_k-00044-00043991-00044120 so
+PHOp_e8LG_k-00045-00044121-00046099 [Music]
+PHOp_e8LG_k-00046-00046100-00046229 [Applause]
+PHOp_e8LG_k-00047-00046230-00046547 [Music]
+PHOp_e8LG_k-00048-00046548-00046983 [Applause]
+PHOp_e8LG_k-00049-00046984-00048518 [Music]
+PHOp_e8LG_k-00050-00048519-00049551 so
+PHOp_e8LG_k-00051-00049552-00050621 so
+PHOp_e8LG_k-00053-00054448-00054903 hmm
+PHOp_e8LG_k-00054-00054904-00055478 um
+PHOp_e8LG_k-00055-00055479-00057991 [Music]
+PHOp_e8LG_k-00056-00057991-00058402 so
+PHOp_e8LG_k-00058-00061848-00062975 so
+PHOp_e8LG_k-00059-00062976-00065287 [Music]
+PHOp_e8LG_k-00060-00065288-00065878 do
+PHOp_e8LG_k-00061-00065879-00068741 [Music]
+PHOp_e8LG_k-00062-00068742-00069975 [Laughter]
+PHOp_e8LG_k-00063-00069976-00070183 you
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00000-00000006-00000281 before we leave today smashed direct we
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00001-00000282-00000707 have one more let's chit you want to
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00002-00000708-00000833 just move right into that cuz that's
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00003-00000834-00001091 perfect that's that's hilarious I think
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00004-00001092-00001385 that's it for Blizzcon announcements but
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00005-00001386-00001718 it's like when when fallout shelter was
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00006-00001719-00001900 revealed there was there was enthusiasm
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00007-00001901-00002315 because I look good so because they
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00008-00002316-00002537 showed whatever fallout I think I guess
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00009-00002538-00002734 it was fallout for the initial showing
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00010-00002735-00002941 of it they showed it before I think I
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00011-00002942-00003199 can't remember now but like no one was
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00012-00003200-00003377 booing that or maybe it's possible cuz
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00013-00003378-00003529 it was a bunch of III actors that were
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00014-00003530-00003697 paid in the front also it looked decent
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00015-00003698-00003992 yeah and it was out at the time people
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00016-00003993-00004138 were playing is out there that day
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00017-00004139-00004297 something that's true
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00018-00004298-00004760 so smash brothers direct basically
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00019-00004761-00005066 announces and that's as one part of the
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00020-00005067-00005318 big leak and then proceeds to [__] on
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00021-00005319-00005479 the rest of the leaves so you know how
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00022-00005480-00005651 they said this is what the character
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00023-00005652-00005813 select screen is gonna look like when
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00024-00005814-00006008 you start a character that [__] should
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00025-00006009-00006211 have just been Kirby it should just be
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00026-00006212-00006428 one box and it's a Kirby yellow it
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00027-00006429-00006631 should have eight boxes but they all be
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00028-00006633-00006989 curving Smash Brothers ultimate
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00029-00006990-00007292 announces one character and all the rest
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00030-00007293-00007598 are deleted so here we go I just can't
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00031-00007598-00007837 look better than every verse I can't
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00032-00007838-00008260 because Capcom's having a hard time you
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00033-00008261-00008546 know what landing in sin or or on that
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00034-00008547-00008710 list means someone's got their ear to
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00035-00008711-00008953 the ground in the West at least because
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00036-00008954-00009185 those Japanese reaction posts are still
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00037-00009186-00009527 know so remember the reaction posts to
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00038-00009528-00009878 Lee Hampton America Captain America so
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00039-00009879-00010070 the reaction posts got posted for the
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00040-00010071-00010378 for the latest and it's a lot of weird
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00041-00010379-00010634 weirdly a lot of people just going when
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00042-00010635-00010906 are they gonna put saber in the game or
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00043-00010907-00011348 some other character from fate oh yeah
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00044-00011349-00011563 and then another big group of people
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00045-00011564-00011695 going when are they gonna put touhou
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00046-00011696-00011876 characters in the game and it's like
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00047-00011877-00012134 [__] never are we in touch with the
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00048-00012135-00012569 same no yeah I think it and it's just a
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00049-00012570-00012896 weird thing of like okay so no one seems
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00050-00012897-00013124 to be like getting the part of this
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00051-00013125-00013246 where it has to be
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00052-00013247-00013419 at least tangentially related to
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00053-00013421-00013606 Nintendo's definitel game I'm sure
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00054-00013607-00013947 there's at least one possibly even a
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00055-00013947-00014404 tangential relation anyway uh only one
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00056-00014405-00014691 that doesn't really count was cloud when
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00057-00014693-00014962 he was first shown and now he counts so
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00058-00014963-00015211 he's got games on Nintendo's knows what
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00059-00015212-00015493 he was on Theatrhythm he was Arab that
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00060-00015494-00015694 was yet remember he was in theater with
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00061-00015694-00015865 him that's true all right and they
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00062-00015866-00016135 really stretched the rule to get people
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00063-00016136-00016350 in there yeah well I mean Richter is
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00064-00016351-00016552 clearly from the [__] Sony
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00065-00016553-00016942 Playstation no he was in Dracula x4 the
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00066-00016943-00017344 Super Nintendo he was so I want to talk
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00067-00017345-00017602 about this real quickly the effin these
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00068-00017603-00017959 for this smash in particular nothing
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00069-00017960-00018259 gets me actually more like nothing in
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00070-00018260-00018634 Tekken 7 gets me excited as like Little
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00071-00018635-00018865 Mac fighting Ken and getting smashed
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00072-00018866-00019093 into a video wall yeah there's something
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00073-00019094-00019357 about these in particular for this match
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00074-00019358-00019828 guys I mean to be perfectly honest since
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00075-00019829-00020019 brawl they're they're cutscenes have all
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00076-00020020-00020485 been on that world of like cutscene
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00077-00020486-00020761 allowing us to make like dedicated tier
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00078-00020762-00021259 lists or who withstands an invincible
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00079-00021260-00021519 annihilating force the best allowing
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00080-00021520-00021916 gifts of villager with boxing gloves
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00081-00021917-00022119 just getting super height yeah getting
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00082-00022120-00022327 in there ready to buy ivory watch that
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00083-00022328-00022483 world of like cutscene a bunch of times
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00084-00022484-00022774 to figure out okay link has the highest
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00085-00022775-00023122 defense of any smashing shield is the
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00086-00023123-00023299 only thing that reflects a laser
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00087-00023300-00023746 he takes four hits to go down that means
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00088-00023747-00023959 his shield is stronger than you to
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00089-00023960-00024400 psychic abilities the stupid useless Wii
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00090-00024401-00024828 Fit trainer pose yeah her isn't a babe
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00091-00024829-00025117 it's her she's trying to she's trying to
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00092-00025118-00025378 dodge the laser as she can because
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00093-00025379-00025582 thanks tourism but the laser has a long
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00094-00025583-00025875 hitbox they weren't truly make sense in
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00095-00025876-00026121 game and like snake I'm like oh that's
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00096-00026122-00026254 dumb snakes just hiding in the box
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00097-00026255-00026479 except the he takes multiple extra
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00098-00026480-00026602 seconds to get hit by the
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00099-00026602-00026785 laser which cause he can't find it you
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00100-00026786-00027067 can't find it it's working dude like
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00101-00027068-00027358 they do things that make sense in the
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00102-00027358-00027580 world of smash and it's it's which
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00103-00027581-00027832 confirms these are hard tyranny and it's
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00104-00027833-00028162 amazing is like it's like Captain Falcon
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00105-00028163-00028327 like the [__] what's is the name of
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00106-00028327-00028717 his Blue Falcon it's probably faster
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00107-00028718-00028993 than an arwing okay but Falco can get to
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00108-00028994-00029242 the arwing way faster clearly so we're
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00109-00029243-00029455 getting way ahead of ourselves but I but
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00110-00029456-00029647 let's just stay there because I wanna I
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00111-00029648-00029956 want to get hard confirmation we know
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00112-00029957-00030148 that shulk sees what's up but we don't
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00113-00030149-00030331 have hard confirms that he casts speed
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00114-00030332-00030592 on me we did what I am now think he
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00115-00030593-00030777 looks at him because the camera drops
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00116-00030779-00031051 down to imagine in the in the pan away
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00117-00031052-00031689 as he warns just Kirby has he can't or
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00118-00031691-00031861 maybe he just looks at Kirby and he
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00119-00031862-00032092 knows that oh he's like Oh Kirby so uh
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00120-00032093-00032487 or Sakurai loves Kirby and it didn't
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00121-00032488-00032896 matter and the whole reason exists I
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00122-00032897-00033127 mean Willy has an entire [__] video
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00123-00033128-00033331 series on why Kirby is top tier please
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00124-00033332-00033598 check out Kirby lore to understand why
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00125-00033599-00033787 this is just another day on the park the
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00126-00033788-00033988 fact that in like a two minute video of
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00127-00033989-00034219 all of your all of your friends are dead
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00128-00034220-00034501 we're getting like hardcore complex tier
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00129-00034502-00034915 lists we're like greninja Lucario and
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00130-00034916-00035194 Bayonetta are [__] top tier evasion
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00131-00035195-00035455 what you can't see when that camera pans
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00132-00035456-00035644 and you see Kirby's back looking at the
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00133-00035645-00035902 world of light is how unimpressed he is
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00134-00035903-00036327 with this unknown god he's fought so
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00135-00036328-00036610 many it's just another day at the office
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00136-00036611-00036796 you have the render up of Ken on the
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00137-00036797-00036976 screen let's get to the analysis this
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00138-00036977-00037234 picture of Ken looks more like Ken than
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00139-00037235-00037438 Ken does this is the most street fighter
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00140-00037439-00037681 - Ken yes we've seen is amazing they
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00141-00037682-00037815 even say in the video they're like we're
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00142-00037816-00038008 basing him off Super Turbo and that's
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00143-00038009-00038251 the thing is every new Ken after that
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00144-00038252-00038437 started chasing the dragon that was the
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00145-00038438-00038796 anime because alpha [__] everybody up
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00146-00038797-00039049 and gave you all the it gave you the B
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00147-00039050-00039315 she can proposal and everyone went oh
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00148-00039316-00039607 man GD D is yeah and everyone oh man we
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00149-00039608-00039781 got to go in for that can but like nah
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00150-00039782-00039970 Street Fighter - Ken is still here
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00151-00039971-00040174 but he still has a shin ryuken yeah and
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00152-00040175-00040399 he's the model a tractor the versus
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00153-00040400-00040561 series cuz that's what the smash
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00154-00040562-00040729 brothers series does and he does
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00155-00040730-00040921 Shippuden right yeah cou when your point
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00156-00040922-00041254 blossom you know right all that he's got
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00157-00041255-00041482 a focus attack he's got all the [__]
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00158-00041483-00041785 that makes him Ken but it's cool he
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00159-00041786-00041893 looks super turbo
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00160-00041894-00042127 yeah and links get away from my Zelda
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00161-00042128-00042487 yeah so like that's so that's that's one
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00162-00042488-00042721 that was pretty easy to to guess coming
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00163-00042722-00042994 so and you know what the art leak is the
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00164-00042995-00043207 exact same positioning it's crazy so
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00165-00043208-00043360 despite the other announcements not
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00166-00043361-00043615 making any sense that one was dead
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00167-00043616-00043873 accurate that's so strange to me you
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00168-00043874-00043993 know all these little bits like you just
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00169-00043994-00044182 said like like get away from my Zelda
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00170-00044183-00044335 like all those little bits that they do
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00171-00044336-00044512 with the in-game models when they're
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00172-00044513-00044656 showing off a character like oh they're
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00173-00044657-00044827 gonna do this silly thing it's like all
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00174-00044828-00045136 of that stuff is they used it for the
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00175-00045137-00045439 the spirits battle yeah where they how
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00176-00045440-00045655 can we make this Otto Kahn related put
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00177-00045656-00045925 dr. Mario in there and put a giant Rob
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00178-00045926-00046204 that's a metal gear so all those little
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00179-00046205-00046390 vignettes you see when a character's
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00180-00046391-00046620 introduced let's make a whole mode
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00181-00046621-00046897 that's also figure out a way to use
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00182-00046898-00047134 JPEGs to put every single video game
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00183-00047135-00047290 character that's ever existed
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00184-00047291-00047704 have you looked at the actual list metal
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00185-00047705-00047950 combat Falcons revenge is in there yeah
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00186-00047951-00048256 do you think they do bossa or ebay is in
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00187-00048257-00048466 there yes yes it's amazing I'll get the
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00188-00048467-00048661 spirits in a minute but do you fish
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00189-00048662-00048901 nighter Bell sorry Schneider Belmont
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00190-00048902-00049237 from Castlevania [__] 64 is in Smash
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00191-00049238-00049396 Brothers did you see that the guy from
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00192-00049397-00049660 disaster day of Christ yeah right Bremen
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00193-00049661-00049888 Bryce is in smash I wanted him for a
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00194-00049889-00050074 while but I'm happy with that
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00195-00050075-00050434 so everyone is here but only but people
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00196-00050435-00050746 only want Miller because that's what you
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00197-00050747-00050935 need on your shoulders in there yeah and
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00198-00050936-00051178 I know slots in there too [__] dank
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00199-00051179-00051555 liquids thank meme of like disembodied
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00200-00051557-00051799 voice of Caza here Miller like following
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00201-00051800-00051934 you around telling you to buy like
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00202-00051935-00052144 cheeseburgers is one of the funniest
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00203-00052145-00052297 things I've ever seen do you think
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00204-00052298-00052641 they're lying about this being vivify
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00205-00052642-00052954 kn'l roster lists yeah well the DLC list
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00206-00052954-00053197 no for this starting lineup now I'm
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00207-00053198-00053326 pretty sure you
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00208-00053327-00053667 yeah no they're not lying okay okay 75
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00209-00053669-00053872 has they said the rest are gonna be they
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00210-00053873-00054088 said pretty earnestly sounding that the
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00211-00054089-00054342 rest are gonna be the deal I I do like I
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00212-00054344-00054475 know it's like still it's like Nintendo
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00213-00054476-00054691 announcing a season pass which is very
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00214-00054691-00054867 unintended like but and we don't even
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00215-00054869-00055012 know I'm gonna tell you what characters
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00216-00055013-00055276 there are but I do like their dedication
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00217-00055277-00055588 being like we are not working on these
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00218-00055589-00055842 even yet I'm gonna do it when we're done
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00219-00055844-00056053 which they should be done now cuz it's
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00220-00056054-00056233 like a month off I thought they were
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00221-00056234-00056464 gonna put piranha plant in as the sixth
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00222-00056465-00056701 and first character of the D of the
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00223-00056702-00056916 season pass for 30 bucks and then they
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00224-00056917-00057054 were like now people aren't gonna
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00225-00057055-00057226 [__] buy the season pass and [__]
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00226-00057227-00057405 piranha plant is the first character
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00227-00057407-00057628 Japan was very confused about piranha
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00228-00057629-00057829 plant because by the rules of popularity
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00229-00057829-00058017 there's a lot of characters way more
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00230-00058019-00058216 popular than piranha plants including
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00231-00058216-00058546 Isaac I was I was I was like huh for
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00232-00058547-00058696 piranha plant until I saw him do a
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00233-00058697-00058905 [__] dropkick with this pot with the
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00234-00058907-00059071 little feet running at underneath it
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00235-00059072-00059278 yeah that's the [__] I kinda would have
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00236-00059279-00059590 preferred if he was Petey piranha like
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00237-00059591-00059815 he was a small Petey piranha cuz that's
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00238-00059816-00059986 more of a character to me like at the
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00239-00059987-00060184 end of the day I can't I care more about
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00240-00060185-00060439 piranha plant isn't it like I get it I
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00241-00060440-00060694 care more about he's in a pot but it's
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00242-00060695-00060865 the coolest Mario one enemy in my
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00243-00060866-00061201 opinion yeah I don't agree I put a
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00244-00061202-00061414 Goomba in there yeah I've always I
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00245-00061415-00061612 dragged a Chain Chomp personally I've
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00246-00061613-00061771 always liked the piranha plant the most
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00247-00061772-00062121 yeah hasn't mad at me I don't mind him
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00248-00062122-00062323 of all the enemies they could have
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00249-00062324-00062707 picked I foresee I foresee the the DLC
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00250-00062708-00062965 roster being mostly guests mostly
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00251-00062966-00063208 third-party characters there's no urban
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00252-00063209-00063388 change yeah and yeah and now the star
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00253-00063389-00063610 and now another big league game a
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00254-00063611-00063823 fighter now the big league game is in
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00255-00063824-00064015 full fit in full flux because every like
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00256-00064016-00064219 we're in that was if that leak this was
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00257-00064220-00064348 true but it was for DLC
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00258-00064349-00064582 yeah I'm really not a fan of like these
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00259-00064583-00064810 months of a smash game coming up and
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00260-00064811-00065091 leak games are in their maximum thrust
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00261-00065092-00065284 because it just gets the worst of all
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00262-00065285-00065623 fan bases out because oh no it gets a
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00263-00065624-00065905 whole bunch of jelly leaks it gets a
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00264-00065906-00066073 whole bunch of like really shitty people
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00265-00066074-00066235 out there for attention just coming up
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00266-00066236-00066403 with elaborate hoaxes when a
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00267-00066404-00066655 it's just not funny anymore just a waste
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00268-00066656-00066850 of everyone's time but is theirs now
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00269-00066851-00067027 there's things going on about oh there's
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00270-00067028-00067255 gonna be a grand blue fantasy character
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00271-00067256-00067447 no there's not right but that's that's
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00272-00067448-00067588 what that's what you but you don't know
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00273-00067589-00067774 there's a there's a Japanese leak that's
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00274-00067775-00068107 going on about that is in this game and
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00275-00068108-00068389 the final school and the problem is that
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00276-00068390-00068608 are alive and you have to remember this
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00277-00068609-00068761 is one of the only franchises where
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00278-00068762-00069106 every confirmation is a deal information
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00279-00069107-00069343 that makes people upset because I sinner
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00280-00069344-00069631 or in piranha plant make even as a deal
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00281-00069632-00069883 see lists that leak completely null and
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00282-00069884-00070129 void yeah if any of them happen to be in
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00283-00070130-00070336 the game that was an hour when that were
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00284-00070337-00070639 that it being anybody ever we're back to
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00285-00070640-00070819 people are creating elaborate [__]
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00286-00070820-00071059 photo shops and it was so elaborate and
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00287-00071060-00071257 I you know nightstand I'm gonna stand by
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00288-00071258-00071542 it don't like the moment you see Gino
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00289-00071543-00071782 check the [__] now there's been D
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00290-00071783-00072055 confirmed because he's a spirit check
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00291-00072056-00072361 the [__] you know what I don't I really
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00292-00072362-00072652 am actually not happy with his like
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00293-00072653-00072865 really we can't even get an arms
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00294-00072866-00073111 character as a deal so that's wild I
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00295-00073112-00073309 click that they showed they showed them
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00296-00073310-00073594 as Wintel is also like a spirit yeah
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00297-00073595-00073906 like no it's a [__] fighting game
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00298-00073907-00074119 franchise the Nintendo nobody gives a
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00299-00074120-00074362 [__] about arms at Nintendo and I don't
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00300-00074363-00074494 give a [__] about arms either but I'm
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00301-00074495-00074641 like blown away that I didn't get one
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00302-00074642-00074797 rat for a half second when they were
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00303-00074798-00075058 introducing experience I thought they
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00304-00075059-00075238 were going to like I thought they were
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00305-00075239-00075583 gonna say playable assist trophy no it
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00306-00075584-00075817 was there was a second there where it
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00307-00075818-00075967 seemed like they were building up let me
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00308-00075968-00076315 ask you a question his Goku of spirit in
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00309-00076316-00076594 this game that I don't think so that
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00310-00076595-00077158 means he could be deals until Goku shows
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00311-00077159-00077506 up yes here's the thing I'm vowing the
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00312-00077507-00077707 ruleset I think from everything every
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00313-00077708-00077908 single character that's playable is that
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00314-00077909-00078261 you are a video game character first as
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00315-00078262-00078616 any smash characters were in one other
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00316-00078617-00078832 media and then got turned into video
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00317-00078833-00079110 games like Goku I don't think that
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00318-00079111-00079330 depends if you consider a game and wash
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00319-00079331-00079602 game video K I do okay
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00320-00079603-00080003 than yet because I roll OTT any rule Oh
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00321-00080004-00080220 Rob the robots not a video game
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00322-00080221-00080478 character he's a toy he is a video game
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00323-00080479-00080700 he's related because the Nintendo
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00324-00080701-00081021 product but he's not actually in he only
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00325-00081022-00081240 interacted with video games but he is a
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00326-00081241-00081585 toy yeah okay he's very specific but
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00327-00081586-00081834 it's like I think that's characters like
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00328-00081835-00082086 Goku or whoever that originated another
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00329-00082087-00082296 like form of entertainment yeah all
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00330-00082297-00082518 these [__] vegan pics yes everywhere
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00331-00082519-00082716 yeah everyone's got everyone's got a
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00332-00082717-00082968 negan pic I don't want to be wrong on
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00333-00082969-00083262 that - I'd love a stupid - I'm really
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00334-00083263-00083595 just should be Goku it's oh it's getting
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00335-00083596-00083688 it's draining me
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00336-00083689-00083988 it's draining me man and and the other
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00337-00083989-00084177 problem is you have to constantly have
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00338-00084178-00084456 this discussion yeah every time smash is
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00339-00084457-00084608 happening you have to talk about
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00340-00084609-00084846 everyone's high picks and then you go no
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00341-00084847-00085017 it has to make sense with the
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00342-00085018-00085164 consistence it's really weird because
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00343-00085165-00085347 smash and then minutes and then smash
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00344-00085348-00085461 will go like yeah but we don't really
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00345-00085462-00085611 care that much and you're like okay well
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00346-00085612-00085863 then I don't know some you know some
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00347-00085864-00086106 things are even better and more potent
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00348-00086107-00086334 when they are assist trophies I Rou
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00349-00086335-00086655 would rather guille be always ducking
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00350-00086656-00086967 and blocking variable yeah I agree
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00351-00086968-00087177 he is more effective in that role the
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00352-00087178-00087519 job gods away better bit yeah stro fee
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00353-00087520-00087744 that can't stand yeah because you can
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00354-00087745-00087996 only down crowd and why why would you
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00355-00087997-00088152 job that's hilarious
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00356-00088153-00088491 why would you jump and if I feel bad for
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00357-00088492-00088737 Sakurai and the smash team because what
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00358-00088738-00088917 like we're not huge smash fans we're all
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00359-00088918-00089199 casual to normal average smash fans here
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00360-00089200-00089418 but like me for me everyone is
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00361-00089419-00089778 ungrateful because like we've been can I
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00362-00089779-00090027 even given so much I'm gonna put a loop
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00363-00090028-00090213 in there up a little bit there and say
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00364-00090214-00090465 I've always thought I was a huge fan of
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00365-00090466-00090693 Smash Brothers until the world opened up
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00366-00090694-00090876 and showed me that what that really
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00367-00090877-00090921 means
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00368-00090922-00091296 yeah but my loved one I don't smell you
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00369-00091297-00091596 my it never it's in the same place where
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00370-00091597-00091779 I've thoroughly enjoyed the video game
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00371-00091780-00092022 but it just turns out there's a lot more
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00372-00092023-00092316 room yeah for basic bass for smash there
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00373-00092317-00092364 you go
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00374-00092365-00092559 you're not a real smash fan unless
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00375-00092560-00092784 you're cursing out Sakurai for being
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00376-00092785-00092888 lazy right
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00377-00092889-00093188 being gay really like but but there are
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00378-00093189-00093380 there's definitely they're like shout
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00379-00093381-00093591 outs to people gathering comments and or
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00380-00093592-00093909 putting together compilations of people
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00381-00093910-00094112 going the shittiest people people going
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00382-00094113-00094392 what a lazy game right or like they
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00383-00094393-00094578 didn't bring the character I want into
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00384-00094579-00094688 it what a waste
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00385-00094689-00094985 so yeah it's like think like yeah Ron a
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00386-00094986-00096713 plant is character number while you're
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00387-00096714-00097007 fighting the girl from [__] fatal
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00388-00097008-00097457 frame fight each other we are the most
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00389-00097458-00097823 ungrateful selfish [__] at all times
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00390-00097824-00098022 when it comes to stage shows and us not
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00391-00098023-00098180 seeing announcements we want and [__]
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00392-00098181-00098379 like that we're really unreasonable at
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00393-00098380-00098636 times we are at the point where we're
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00394-00098637-00098786 like okay guys just lean back and let
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00395-00098787-00099101 the game be what it is it's right I feel
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00396-00099102-00099323 that the only reason cuz we know he's
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00397-00099324-00099392 exhausted
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00398-00099393-00099609 yeah we know he's tired I don't think
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00399-00099610-00099798 I'll ever get a break that no no it's
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00400-00099799-00099851 not that
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00401-00099852-00100128 it's the three seconds of silence before
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00402-00100129-00100424 he said it yes like the pregnant pause
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00403-00100425-00100797 yeah swelling with birth the fact that
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00404-00100798-00101079 there's still a list of DLC coming I
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00405-00101080-00101351 really do believe he's trying to make
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00406-00101352-00101622 everyone exhausted so with the only way
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00407-00101623-00101912 to win there's not to not play but it's
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00408-00101913-00102141 to give you so much food that you can't
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00409-00102142-00102401 eat anymore so with with eju till you
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00410-00102402-00102665 die smoke that whole pack I think you
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00411-00102666-00102878 said like I want the commercial from
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00412-00102879-00103064 Yoshi's Island where the guy explode you
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00413-00103065-00103394 like smoking son i'ma sit here and smoke
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00414-00103395-00103742 this whole pack down this whole bottle
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00415-00103743-00104175 we're gonna have 75 with geckos we're
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00416-00104176-00104393 gonna have 75 with DLC we're gonna hit
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00417-00104394-00104901 80 every water that is Mugen that's
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00418-00104902-00105093 Mugen what is what has the second
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00419-00105094-00105602 highest roster is it NBC 2 was 56 I was
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00420-00105603-00105822 an autumn youjin type game yeah I think
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00421-00105823-00106032 it's a McCadden and the
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00422-00106033-00106511 see - m'kay Armageddon and KOF 2002 or
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00423-00106513-00106863 any of those even break 60 no no I don't
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00424-00106864-00107114 think anyway Armageddon might I think it
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00425-00107115-00107438 might have like 62 Tenkaichi 3 [__]
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00426-00107439-00107636 those games oh no those count they have
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00427-00107638-00107793 like a hundred can't they all the same
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00428-00107794-00107909 it's true
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00429-00107910-00108161 xenoverse and so on not xenoverse what's
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00430-00108163-00108626 the [__] one universe universe - but
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00431-00108627-00108935 but I really think that the goal is to
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00432-00108936-00109194 make to be fair they do everyone like
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00433-00109195-00109433 how do you what number would it take for
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00434-00109434-00109743 the most unreasonable person to still be
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00435-00109744-00109913 like so I'll tell you what I didn't get
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00436-00109914-00110121 my pick [__] this game it doesn't matter
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00437-00110122-00110244 because they didn't get there it doesn't
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00438-00110245-00110690 matter you think we could get to 100 so
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00439-00110691-00110978 here and still have somebody go so [__]
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00440-00110979-00111156 this lately I didn't get what I wanted
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00441-00111157-00111420 do you mean is it unreasonable when a
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00442-00111421-00111641 person says that because how couldn't
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00443-00111642-00111911 like let's say the number is 100 how can
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00444-00111913-00112184 99 of those characters not be someone
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00445-00112185-00112427 you like exactly but the other things
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00446-00112428-00112581 that makes knows what what when you're
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00447-00112582-00112778 okay when you get the roster up to a
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00448-00112779-00113078 hundred and there's still no waluigi and
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00449-00113079-00113414 you're going but I want waluigi the fact
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00450-00113415-00113560 that the roster number is so high
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00451-00113561-00113856 actually makes it worse because it's i
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00452-00113857-00114116 can't believe this they've added 35 new
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00453-00114117-00114321 characters since I wanted waluigi and
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00454-00114322-00114570 not one was waluigi I'm gonna soar crazy
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00455-00114571-00114723 for a second coat are you guys familiar
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00456-00114724-00114878 with the movie shutter island' yes
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00457-00114879-00115071 you've seen it yes okay so we don't have
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00458-00115072-00115262 to stake to spoil it or anything got it
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00459-00115263-00115565 I [__] love that movie I know yeah
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00460-00115566-00115782 because of the premise of it sure right
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00461-00115783-00116049 so think about that in the context of
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00462-00116050-00116400 this now right take the most
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00463-00116401-00116678 unreasonable person and give them
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00464-00116679-00116978 everything they're looking for until
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00465-00116979-00117219 they have no choice but to confront
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00466-00117220-00117645 their own ridiculous needs yeah and at
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00467-00117646-00117938 what point do they turn to themselves
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00468-00117939-00118187 inside and go yeah that's enough
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00469-00118188-00118400 character never you don't think it's
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00470-00118401-00118628 possible not not with the limits I know
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00471-00118629-00118859 we can see how far it goes element
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00472-00118860-00119232 because as expectations are a madman's
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00473-00119233-00119340 game yeah
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00474-00119341-00119585 your wants can increase faster than they
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00475-00119586-00120099 can add characters because what takes
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00476-00120100-00120294 months to add a character because let's
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00477-00120295-00120576 say someone is familiar with cloud or
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00478-00120577-00120873 you know bayonetta they're like yeah
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00479-00120874-00121116 sure they're in it but the character I
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00480-00121117-00121332 really like from this game series I
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00481-00121333-00121557 really liked when I was a kid save is
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00482-00121558-00121803 not in there Sabres not there yeah so
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00483-00121804-00121905 what's the point of this sighs a
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00484-00121906-00122166 Nintendo vs. franchise cuz they'll
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00485-00122167-00122391 always be someone that's like I I don't
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00486-00122392-00122520 care for any of these characters I'm
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00487-00122521-00122751 neither too young or I'm too old where
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00488-00122752-00122922 they're like I didn't I didn't play any
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00489-00122923-00123102 of these things or I don't care i watch
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00490-00123103-00123440 honestly and maybe this is my own naive
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00491-00123441-00123768 like just mindset as a whole going
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00492-00123769-00124026 through life but I feel like everyone
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00493-00124027-00124398 has a point like or at the most I feel
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00494-00124399-00124583 like most people not everyone cuz
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00495-00124584-00124680 there's people that are just like are
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00496-00124681-00124863 completely you got to write them off but
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00497-00124864-00125097 most people there's a threshold where
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00498-00125098-00125384 even the unreasonable will get to a
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00499-00125385-00125660 point of like dude I'm telling you the
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00500-00125661-00125885 higher that roster goes the angrier
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00501-00125886-00126066 people are gonna be more it'll do that
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00502-00126067-00126252 because they're gonna be there's a
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00503-00126253-00126465 hundred characters yeah and I still
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00504-00126466-00126741 didn't get I'm away I'm even more angry
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00505-00126742-00126999 they're gonna I'm gonna add [__] doom
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00506-00127000-00127310 guy as a DLC and they're gonna be a [__]
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00507-00127311-00127476 zillion people complaining that it's not
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00508-00127477-00127749 James ball because because your
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00509-00127750-00127932 character that you need in there is way
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00510-00127933-00128135 more key Rito's infinitely pop more
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00511-00128136-00128336 popular than part piranha plant
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00512-00128338-00128580 obviously so why the [__] isn't cured so
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00513-00128581-00128708 that we can get a hundred and twenty
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00514-00128709-00128850 five characters and [__] cure Ito
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00515-00128851-00128967 can't get a break that's ridiculous
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00516-00128968-00129156 [__] this game yeah it's an awful this
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00517-00129157-00129615 keeps up yeah I mean you would like to
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00518-00129616-00129747 think you'd be very easy to just show
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00519-00129748-00129900 that person a mirror at the very least
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00520-00129901-00130080 just go like your butt
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00521-00130081-00130215 yeah show the person a mirror and as
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00522-00130216-00130323 they're leaning forward to see their
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00523-00130324-00130602 reflection punch through the mirror like
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00524-00130603-00130971 I yeah but I but I just I I it would
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00525-00130972-00131271 warm my heart to know that Sakurai's
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00526-00131272-00131520 goal is to exhaust everyone because it's
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00527-00131521-00131796 the only way he could get peace no they
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00528-00131797-00132161 can't make another smash like this again
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00529-00132162-00132615 whatever brawl and they they kind of
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00530-00132616-00132718 didn't soar
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00531-00132719-00132970 yeah now with everyone here it's like
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00532-00132971-00133075 kind of what we've been saying is that
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00533-00133076-00133255 the only way you could do this again
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00534-00133256-00133477 another smash especially if it's still
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00535-00133478-00133615 gonna release on a switch is like it has
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00536-00133616-00133789 to be a complete overhaul of the game I
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00537-00133790-00133882 don't think they're gonna release
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00538-00133883-00134094 another one for switch I don't think so
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00539-00134095-00134332 next next next gen it'll be another
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00540-00134333-00134518 everyone is here with 10 extra character
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00541-00134519-00134728 maybe he's also trying to exhaust
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00542-00134729-00135037 Nintendo so that quite frankly he's
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00543-00135038-00135205 allowed to hang it up because it's gonna
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00544-00135206-00135361 exhaust Nintendo by making them a
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00545-00135362-00135583 zillion dollars more like when they when
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00546-00135584-00135763 they go all right time for a new one and
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00547-00135764-00136126 then he can go what do you think I can
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00548-00136127-00136489 do like what real look at your product
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00549-00136490-00136741 and you tell me like where do we go from
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00550-00136742-00137083 hands oh there's cuz there's there is no
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00551-00137084-00137323 where to go from basket someone says
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00552-00137324-00137533 well except maybe to the Smash Brothers
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00553-00137534-00137881 game last week I sent the same type of
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00554-00137882-00138082 Smash brother just hat like just take
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00555-00138083-00138406 him off and just add more roster this
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00556-00138407-00138604 game has clearly become about the Ross
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00557-00138605-00138814 to make it a platformer yeah well
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00558-00138815-00139018 whatever Guitar Hero it [__] rock
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00559-00139019-00139303 bandit it's like it's that [__] didn't
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00560-00139304-00139537 even last that long yeah whatever
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00561-00139538-00139723 like people expected this to be a port
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00562-00139724-00139966 and it's clearly not okay like [__]
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00563-00139967-00140206 port this forward at 10 new characters
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00564-00140207-00140422 for next who cares when this first had
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00565-00140423-00140626 its big unveiling at e3 and we saw like
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00566-00140627-00140776 exactly what wasn't there in Nintendo's
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00567-00140777-00140974 e3 was all about this I was initially if
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00568-00140975-00141118 you recall that kind of disappoint I was
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00569-00141119-00141324 like oh really it's just smash again
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00570-00141325-00141637 this is a port but like ever since its
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00571-00141638-00141895 first own direct um then that's when I
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00572-00141896-00142072 was like okay wait they actually put a
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00573-00142073-00142204 lot more work into it and every
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00574-00142205-00142480 subsequent direct and this one finally
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00575-00142481-00142657 the only thing during that during that
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00576-00142658-00142852 direct run like that kind of sucks is
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00577-00142853-00143026 like spirit seems to be the big
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00578-00143027-00143235 single-player mode yeah and I'm like I
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00579-00143236-00143596 now have like on a personal level like
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00580-00143597-00143752 why would I ever complain about this
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00581-00143753-00143908 look at this incredible adventure mode
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00582-00143909-00144127 yeah it has this amazing premise is
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00583-00144128-00144292 exactly what I wanted subspace cuz I
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00584-00144293-00144529 hated the smash for one that stupid
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00585-00144530-00144877 boring I hated that [__] yeah sure
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00586-00144878-00145261 there's a there's a I'm happy of duck
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00587-00145262-00145546 hunts in the game so he stays in there
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00588-00145547-00145878 I'm happy Nintendo has a power Nintendo
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00589-00145879-00146098 has a power platform in that every other
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00590-00146099-00146364 video game company wants a part of smash
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00591-00146365-00146553 which is weird that's no matter what
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00592-00146554-00146731 platform they're on no matter what they
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00593-00146732-00146950 do they would love to be in it or
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00594-00146951-00147157 included because it's even so nice it
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00595-00147158-00147313 because it's a prestigious platform to
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00596-00147314-00147697 be in yeah right so if they went back to
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00597-00147698-00147889 the start after this game and then made
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00598-00147890-00148099 something that was intended to not just
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00599-00148100-00148341 include Nintendo but literally anybody
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00600-00148342-00148515 that's willing to get on board if you
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00601-00148516-00148786 know knows what right I don't know what
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00602-00148787-00148929 the dealings behind the deal of the
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00603-00148930-00149197 scenes would be but it creates say a
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00604-00149198-00149368 thing where you could get your Kirito
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00605-00149369-00149587 yeah you could get your saber and the
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00606-00149588-00149749 Nintendo just takes all the money for
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00607-00149750-00149947 yeah and Nintendo takes all the money
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00608-00149948-00150232 from that then that would be like a
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00609-00150233-00150397 massive thing for them in the next
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00610-00150398-00150469 generation
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00611-00150470-00150702 where's fort nightmare so so like smash
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00612-00150703-00150874 has its soft rules that we all have in
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00613-00150875-00151033 our brain at this point and then if you
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00614-00151034-00151191 reset that and just open it up to
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00615-00151192-00151237 madness
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00616-00151238-00151491 you can still cash in on that but for
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00617-00151492-00151906 real though like the the assets are all
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00618-00151907-00152200 1080p now right they're all HD assets
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00619-00152201-00152439 you could easily actually just port this
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00620-00152440-00152614 forward make it nicer put more
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00621-00152615-00152827 anti-aliasing on it whatever add
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00622-00152828-00153064 characters update the single-player
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00623-00153065-00153373 modes and more like there's nothing
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00624-00153374-00153682 stopping them from just roaring this
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00625-00153683-00153919 game like safes equaling it but it's
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00626-00153920-00154189 like that's like sacrifice I can just
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00627-00154190-00154402 imagine me like I don't he'll like you
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00628-00154403-00154600 can say no he's not saying no for
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00629-00154601-00154801 whatever whatever Nintendo does either
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00630-00154802-00154939 paying money or just like pleading from
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00631-00154940-00155101 like please you got it but it's like he
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00632-00155102-00155248 can say no and eventually one like I'm
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00633-00155249-00155413 not even interested in making this
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00634-00155414-00155650 anymore I don't like I think the only
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00635-00155651-00155785 reason why he does is because he knows
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00636-00155786-00156064 there's so much expectation stuff fans I
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00637-00156065-00156181 hate him and say he's lazy
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00638-00156182-00156441 I'm later you can pass the reins off to
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00639-00156442-00156700 make a safe sequel and get that roster
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00640-00156701-00157027 up to a hundred who's Steve Oh Steve's
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00641-00157028-00157375 minecraft man Steve is minecraft boy I
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00642-00157376-00157527 still don't understand the Grinch thing
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00643-00157528-00157699 I don't I don't understand Grinch
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00644-00157700-00157882 everyone sing grin yeah I think it was
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00645-00157883-00158077 because a certain likely khlyst it had
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00646-00158078-00158218 pictures of the grid shot why would you
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00647-00158219-00158562 ever believe that yeah move specifically
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00648-00158563-00158741 okay
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00649-00158742-00159056 all right smash is awesome and everyone
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00650-00159057-00159272 is here I'm very excited for this game
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00651-00159273-00159524 in one month do you know what I can see
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00652-00159525-00159662 in the future if they don't want to do
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00653-00159663-00159854 the exact same thing but still want to
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00654-00159855-00160010 keep all these assets it's just like do
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00655-00160011-00160415 Nintendo vs. someone no you can't even
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00656-00160416-00160652 say that because then you limit it you
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00657-00160653-00160898 do you have to create the new platform
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00658-00160899-00161105 that's built around every other company
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00659-00161106-00161378 trying to make it into a Nintendo game I
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00660-00161379-00161567 saw one and you ultimately are
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00661-00161568-00161747 advertising for the other company but
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00662-00161748-00161921 regardless what I wanted to know versus
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00663-00161922-00162149 crazy baffling to me Nintendo would get
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00664-00162150-00162283 cash money especially considering
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00665-00162284-00162572 develop this still know hey Hachi er
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00666-00162573-00162941 Kazuya I would have expected them to be
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00667-00162942-00163148 a guest or assist trophies at the very
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00668-00163149-00163348 [__] least if it cure is a [__] ass
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00669-00163349-00163586 it'll be a Kira yeah that's you you
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00670-00163587-00163772 should have got hype for that especially
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00671-00163773-00163994 if the right of cure yeah I'd look at V
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00672-00163995-00164288 I'd be so angry if it was [__] vf3
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00673-00164289-00164606 Akira and III racked my brain trying to
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00674-00164607-00164798 figure out where Kira appeared on an
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00675-00164799-00164936 Tendo console you know where it was
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00676-00164937-00165202 should give me a second give me a second
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00677-00165203-00165491 Richard miter project cross zone virtual
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00678-00165492-00165686 request so virtual Quest is the right
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00679-00165687-00165725 answer
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00680-00165726-00165917 damn it that would be first best
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00681-00165918-00166280 GameCube okay yeah yeah yeah and then
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00682-00166281-00166495 later on Project cross though the the
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00683-00166496-00166778 Namco seems Namco seems to be content
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00684-00166779-00167164 with pac-man or they don't have any swag
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00685-00167165-00167546 game oh my god this roster yeah or they
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00686-00167547-00167705 don't have enough sway even though
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00687-00167706-00167939 they're the ones making it like they're
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00688-00167940-00168164 not any more prioritized than anyone
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00689-00168165-00168398 else oh man I think is there a major
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00690-00168399-00168587 Japanese company that doesn't have a
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00691-00168588-00168896 character in there so Bomberman would
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00692-00168897-00169103 have been the pick but he's an assist
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00693-00169104-00169139 trophy
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00694-00169140-00169466 he's Konami and Konami has yeah I want
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00695-00169467-00169700 yeah well because technically it's
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00696-00169701-00169784 Hudson
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00697-00169785-00170044 yeah but Konami bought yeah yeah so it's
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00698-00170045-00170345 Tecmo has a fatal frame character in
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00699-00170346-00171020 there now Titus the Fox what titus Fox
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00700-00171021-00171431 what is not in the game who owns Titus
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00701-00171432-00171656 the Fox the company Titus is that a
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00702-00171657-00171874 Japanese company pretty sure it is
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00703-00171875-00172079 pretty sure it's European
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00704-00172080-00172245 know that I'm wrong but maybe I'm wrong
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00705-00172246-00172406 I don't know
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00706-00172407-00172656 Atlas character did you say was is there
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00707-00172657-00172928 a major like company like like a Capcom
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00708-00172929-00173283 or a Namco Marxist Miss America arch
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00709-00173284-00173547 this is up there now cuz like square is
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00710-00173548-00174215 there like SNK SNK yeah SMK could get
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00711-00174216-00174374 someone in there in case getting
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00712-00174375-00174597 characters into everything nowadays who
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00713-00174598-00174957 would is he who would represent SNK you
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00714-00174958-00175259 know for on an intent on Nintendo right
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00715-00175260-00175656 what I mean there's been KOF games being
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00716-00175657-00175806 released on Nintendo platforms since the
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00717-00175807-00176235 Wii high oamaru camera I mean
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00718-00176236-00176429 Teri's been on Nintendo platform since
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00719-00176430-00176984 the nineteen sure has I want to see
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00720-00176985-00177498 Marco or tarma I feel but but Ikari
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00721-00177499-00177669 warriors you could just get Ralph and
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00722-00177670-00178079 Clarke yeah it would have to be Marco
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00723-00178080-00178272 but but quite frankly for the putt for
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00724-00178273-00178526 the pop it would have to be Terry for
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00725-00178527-00178904 the pop yeah it would have to be Terry
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00726-00178905-00179078 for the pop but I don't think they
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00727-00179079-00179315 picked Harry they pick final fatal
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00728-00179316-00179571 theory one Terry with the long sleeve
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00729-00179572-00179960 Jack you know they would they're picking
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00730-00179961-00180294 like Mega Man 1 mega man great like yeah
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00731-00180295-00180536 anyway powered up version almost see ya
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00732-00180537-00180701 been and then of course world of light
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00733-00180702-00180965 and stuff it's all [__] crazy it's
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00734-00180966-00181407 all in there yeah you know you know the
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00735-00181408-00181625 the direct was Cline for nothing when
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00736-00181626-00181893 they're like the options menu well it
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00737-00181894-00182070 was a 40-minute one so they really want
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00738-00182071-00182322 to get everything mm-hmm you can change
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00739-00182323-00182675 the brightness or we just get geese and
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00740-00182676-00182934 noctus and just start stealing [__]
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00741-00182935-00183353 Tekken yeah anyway I will say this like
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00742-00183354-00183704 I need to be more villains Rosanna
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00743-00183705-00184185 villains I find I'm glad that by
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00744-00184186-00184569 overwhelming everyone people are happy
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00745-00184570-00185019 about this game again of course there's
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00746-00185020-00185232 gonna come the time when it's out and
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00747-00185233-00185378 everyone's used to it and then the
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00748-00185379-00185476 attorneys are all they're here
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00749-00185477-00185647 about and then it turns back into salt
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00750-00185648-00185944 oh no broken work but we're still in
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00751-00185945-00186163 that man I'm going to boo Ken players
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00752-00186164-00186406 from now on but just remember remember
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00753-00186407-00186625 that right now we're in that magical
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00754-00186626-00186817 pre-release timeframe when things are
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00755-00186818-00186967 exciting and you guys feel good about
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00756-00186968-00187186 everything is great okay everything is
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00757-00187187-00187312 great and everyone is here they're all
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00758-00187313-00187486 dead just keep it in mind put a pin in
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00759-00187487-00187675 it for the future
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00760-00187676-00188209 okay warheads to take out link that
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00761-00188210-00188362 shield could have done it he does a way
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00762-00188363-00188653 better job flex useful everyone doesn't
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00763-00188654-00189025 see back within couldn't do it seeing
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00764-00189026-00189244 like seeing like Zelda do her like
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00765-00189245-00189463 invincible reflect and and palutena
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00766-00189464-00189631 putting her shield up and just like the
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00767-00189632-00189793 beam doesn't even slow down it just
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00768-00189794-00189975 flies right through them is like [__]
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00769-00189976-00190156 they are wrecked
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00770-00190157-00190414 it's wipeouts in this a yeah big
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00771-00190415-00190588 wipeouts and it's not and it's not taboo
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00772-00190589-00190962 someone said that there's a symbolic
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00773-00190963-00191182 symbolism that references some old
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00774-00191183-00191302 religious imagery in there
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00775-00191303-00191434 people are reading into it hard and
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00776-00191435-00191614 figuring [__] outside you need to read
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00777-00191615-00191806 it all you have to do is put immigrant
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00778-00191807-00192046 song over this intro and it's amazing oh
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00779-00192047-00192238 yeah well you could but the song that
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00780-00192239-00192433 plays is from the same person that sings
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00781-00192434-00192673 the Japanese anime intro to Kirby so I
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00782-00192674-00193318 there's no no yeah so did you get a
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00783-00193319-00193501 little rise in your heart when you saw
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00784-00193502-00193771 the Kirby was the one I did it wasn't a
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00785-00193772-00194152 little rise okay like you know those you
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00786-00194153-00194320 know that it's not you know it's like
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00787-00194321-00194494 not a lump in the throat but you just
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00788-00194495-00194938 get a little chest like yeah I got one
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00789-00194939-00195406 of those it's like called angina because
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00790-00195407-00195604 you're like he didn't die he popped away
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00791-00195605-00195808 and then ever then they're like you're
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00792-00195809-00195937 watching everyone died you know they're
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00793-00195938-00196096 not dead but they're still dead yeah
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00794-00196097-00196387 everyone's [__] dead and then he does
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00795-00196388-00196534 it and you're like Kirby's the one to
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00796-00196535-00196753 make it any eat [__] on the dirt and you
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00797-00196754-00196909 know that it's Hal and you know it's
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00798-00196910-00197173 Sakurai's baby but regardless why who
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00799-00197174-00197482 else but [__] Kirby you know copy
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00800-00197483-00197758 your power like like and the lyrics you
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00801-00197759-00198004 know but Mario like could do it role
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00802-00198005-00198373 wise but he couldn't have escaped being
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00803-00198374-00198571 on a warp star is the only way you could
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00804-00198572-00198727 have I think the only I think
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00805-00198728-00198952 having her be that it was missing is
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00806-00198953-00199150 that we should have seen Mario doing a
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00807-00199151-00199441 bunch of jumps to avoid them yeah it's
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00808-00199442-00199585 weird that some characters didn't even
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00809-00199586-00199885 get a look in the laser fight maybe
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00810-00199886-00200035 there'll be a longer version that plays
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00811-00200036-00200335 in the base of them I mean here's the
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00812-00200336-00200617 other thing is that it's the obvious
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00813-00200618-00200818 choice without being the obvious choice
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00814-00200819-00201079 because Mario is the obvious yes right
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00815-00201080-00201415 or any other like that's like Kirby
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00816-00201416-00201640 crosses dimensional rifts and space and
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00817-00201641-00201796 [__] I mean mark kind of does that too
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00818-00201797-00202024 but then you go back to all the Subspace
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00819-00202025-00202216 Emissary cutscenes and you see
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00820-00202217-00202516 Herbie being the boss that Dragoon drop
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00821-00202517-00202795 is still the coolest thing in the entire
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00822-00202796-00203149 franchise like never forget he takes out
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00823-00203150-00203323 that ridiculous cannon you know like
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00824-00203324-00203548 every smash Direct is like a new wave of
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00825-00203549-00203787 memes like when it showed the splatoon
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00826-00203788-00204070 Inklings like looking it has a smash
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00827-00204071-00204226 logo like how long did that last like
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00828-00204227-00204379 for like a goodness all in all the
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00829-00204380-00204679 reflection and now it's it's it's clips
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00830-00204680-00204880 of Clone High where Kennedy's getting
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00831-00204881-00205314 blasted by that's too the other comment
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00832-00205315-00205558 that was [__] Sakurai I really really
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00833-00205559-00205804 really hate that his stupid baby Kirby
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00834-00205805-00206029 is the protagonist why can't Wario save
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00835-00206030-00206540 the world because warrior smells dude I
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00836-00206541-00206785 think when they put Wario in the game
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00837-00206786-00206953 they were very concerned with how ugly
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00838-00206954-00207216 and smelly he is and they were insurance
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00839-00207217-00207454 they smell bomb attack they weren't sure
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00840-00207455-00207762 if they wanted to add him we were not
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00841-00207763-00208194 we're not confident in this character
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00842-00208194-00208413 there's other small so here's a good
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00843-00208414-00208627 example of how to do one more thing in
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00844-00208628-00208911 this world life and they'd kind of
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00845-00208912-00209046 botched a little bit with piranha plant
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00846-00209048-00209536 yeah yeah okay save your coolest thing
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00847-00209537-00209719 it's a good thing they didn't end end on
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00848-00209719-00210069 piranha plant they ended on this save
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00849-00210071-00210265 the coolest High Street last-second
+PIxShVi6Gh4-00850-00210266-00210517 heartstrings
+PIGplDY_VAy-00000-00000024-00000383 hello there kids it is i stray cat
+PIGplDY_VAy-00001-00000384-00000582 the one and only coming with another
+PIGplDY_VAy-00002-00000583-00000686 episode of
+PIGplDY_VAy-00003-00000687-00001039 no man's sky all righty when we left off
+PIGplDY_VAy-00004-00001040-00001335 we were here but uh we weren't looking
+PIGplDY_VAy-00005-00001336-00001503 through the menus yet
+PIGplDY_VAy-00006-00001504-00002007 and there is farming tech we could learn
+PIGplDY_VAy-00007-00002007-00002175 i mean we wouldn't be able to do
+PIGplDY_VAy-00008-00002176-00002326 anything with the plantable
+PIGplDY_VAy-00009-00002327-00002663 seed stuff until after
+PIGplDY_VAy-00010-00002664-00002855 i get all of this and i would need to
+PIGplDY_VAy-00011-00002856-00003063 get more salvage data before i even
+PIGplDY_VAy-00012-00003064-00003622 can but it is something we can do
+PIGplDY_VAy-00013-00003623-00003967 is something we can do so at a certain
+PIGplDY_VAy-00014-00003968-00004359 point
+PIGplDY_VAy-00015-00004360-00004615 we'll do that for lack of a better
+PIGplDY_VAy-00016-00004616-00004695 phrase
+PIGplDY_VAy-00017-00004696-00005063 but um salvage data i have i kind of
+PIGplDY_VAy-00018-00005064-00005206 want to put it into something
+PIGplDY_VAy-00019-00005207-00005543 that would be semi-useful
+PIGplDY_VAy-00020-00005544-00005799 what was i talking about pure ferrite is
+PIGplDY_VAy-00021-00005800-00005879 very useful
+PIGplDY_VAy-00022-00005880-00006183 later on and these large prefabs seem to
+PIGplDY_VAy-00023-00006184-00006302 be
+PIGplDY_VAy-00024-00006303-00006639 made of mainly pure ferrite which makes
+PIGplDY_VAy-00025-00006640-00006846 sense
+PIGplDY_VAy-00026-00006847-00007031 and then some other things are made of
+PIGplDY_VAy-00027-00007031-00007351 silver and
+PIGplDY_VAy-00028-00007352-00007542 glass and stuff but that's besides the
+PIGplDY_VAy-00029-00007543-00007927 point point is i was correct
+PIGplDY_VAy-00030-00007928-00008231 in that these things
+PIGplDY_VAy-00031-00008232-00008463 are mainly going to need ferrite in the
+PIGplDY_VAy-00032-00008464-00008607 future then there's some that
+PIGplDY_VAy-00033-00008608-00008831 require magnetized ferrite that's really
+PIGplDY_VAy-00034-00008832-00008983 weird
+PIGplDY_VAy-00035-00008984-00009303 but a lot of pure ferrite going to be
+PIGplDY_VAy-00036-00009304-00009367 needed
+PIGplDY_VAy-00037-00009368-00009735 very soon so in the future
+PIGplDY_VAy-00038-00009736-00010063 that's the thing we'll do but i want to
+PIGplDY_VAy-00039-00010064-00010095 get
+PIGplDY_VAy-00040-00010096-00010391 tech what can i get in the tech
+PIGplDY_VAy-00041-00010392-00010495 department
+PIGplDY_VAy-00042-00010496-00010710 i could get a landing pad that would be
+PIGplDY_VAy-00043-00010711-00010967 useful
+PIGplDY_VAy-00044-00010968-00011742 actually that'd be fairly useful um
+PIGplDY_VAy-00045-00011743-00011974 i could get a medium refiner which would
+PIGplDY_VAy-00046-00011975-00012174 allow me to
+PIGplDY_VAy-00047-00012175-00012478 refine two different substances into one
+PIGplDY_VAy-00048-00012479-00012815 new material
+PIGplDY_VAy-00049-00012816-00013030 or materials to be processed at better
+PIGplDY_VAy-00050-00013031-00013335 ratios
+PIGplDY_VAy-00051-00013336-00013655 that would be nice
+PIGplDY_VAy-00052-00013656-00013863 just require some dihydrogen jelly to
+PIGplDY_VAy-00053-00013863-00014022 make that
+PIGplDY_VAy-00054-00014023-00014422 antimatter reactor and large refiner
+PIGplDY_VAy-00055-00014423-00014501 reactor
+PIGplDY_VAy-00056-00014502-00014735 [Music]
+PIGplDY_VAy-00057-00014736-00015038 oh that would allow me to just set it
+PIGplDY_VAy-00058-00015040-00015222 and forget it and i would just harvest
+PIGplDY_VAy-00059-00015223-00015391 antimatter
+PIGplDY_VAy-00060-00015391-00015807 okay well i mean i'd need fuel to get it
+PIGplDY_VAy-00061-00015808-00016222 to work but other than that
+PIGplDY_VAy-00062-00016223-00016463 resulting antimatter is safely contained
+PIGplDY_VAy-00063-00016464-00016711 ready to use in all standard hyperspace
+PIGplDY_VAy-00064-00016712-00017167 power units that would be nice
+PIGplDY_VAy-00065-00017168-00017558 huh ain't too mad a reactor
+PIGplDY_VAy-00066-00017559-00017791 well that's an idea and eventually we
+PIGplDY_VAy-00067-00017792-00017967 will do that
+PIGplDY_VAy-00068-00017968-00018358 but i'm kinda leaning towards the medium
+PIGplDY_VAy-00069-00018359-00018479 refiner
+PIGplDY_VAy-00070-00018480-00018775 you know a landing pad is good and all
+PIGplDY_VAy-00071-00018776-00018863 that it would
+PIGplDY_VAy-00072-00018864-00019375 save me on uh recharging the uh
+PIGplDY_VAy-00073-00019376-00019683 landing gear certainly but a medium
+PIGplDY_VAy-00074-00019684-00019807 refiner
+PIGplDY_VAy-00075-00019808-00020119 to allow me to process it better ratios
+PIGplDY_VAy-00076-00020120-00020343 on top of allowing me to do two
+PIGplDY_VAy-00077-00020344-00020519 different substances at once which is
+PIGplDY_VAy-00078-00020520-00020558 what i
+PIGplDY_VAy-00079-00020559-00020871 would require to make the do
+PIGplDY_VAy-00080-00020872-00021375 trinium or whatever the hell it's called
+PIGplDY_VAy-00081-00021376-00021727 uh then it would be okay
+PIGplDY_VAy-00082-00021728-00022039 maybe easier to do with this so let's
+PIGplDY_VAy-00083-00022040-00022463 get that there we go medium refiner
+PIGplDY_VAy-00084-00022464-00022678 a vital piece of planetary equipment the
+PIGplDY_VAy-00085-00022679-00022878 refiner allows gathered substances to be
+PIGplDY_VAy-00086-00022879-00023055 processed into more powerful and more
+PIGplDY_VAy-00087-00023056-00023111 advanced
+PIGplDY_VAy-00088-00023112-00023335 materials the refiner allows two
+PIGplDY_VAy-00089-00023336-00023494 different substances to be
+PIGplDY_VAy-00090-00023495-00023678 combined into one new material or
+PIGplDY_VAy-00091-00023679-00023839 materials to be processed at better
+PIGplDY_VAy-00092-00023840-00023967 ratios
+PIGplDY_VAy-00093-00023968-00024167 the medium refiner must be installed in
+PIGplDY_VAy-00094-00024168-00024271 an inhabitable
+PIGplDY_VAy-00095-00024272-00024455 base but does not require additional
+PIGplDY_VAy-00096-00024456-00024599 power sources
+PIGplDY_VAy-00097-00024600-00024830 well that works that works out
+PIGplDY_VAy-00098-00024831-00024919 beautifully
+PIGplDY_VAy-00099-00024920-00025283 wow that thing needs 20.
+PIGplDY_VAy-00100-00025284-00025783 jesus all right uh well
+PIGplDY_VAy-00101-00025783-00025999 green wall screen well i kind of want
+PIGplDY_VAy-00102-00026000-00026150 that but
+PIGplDY_VAy-00103-00026151-00026487 i'm not that vain to just waste
+PIGplDY_VAy-00104-00026488-00026879 salvage data on that or am i knox
+PIGplDY_VAy-00105-00026880-00027183 uh let's well let's go ahead
+PIGplDY_VAy-00106-00027183-00027390 and get that hydroponic tray since i
+PIGplDY_VAy-00107-00027391-00027790 have enough salvage data for it
+PIGplDY_VAy-00108-00027791-00028014 get it out of the way there we go
+PIGplDY_VAy-00109-00028016-00028223 self-contained growth system for the
+PIGplDY_VAy-00110-00028224-00028495 indoor cultivation of agricultural crops
+PIGplDY_VAy-00111-00028495-00028831 build requirement must be placed indoors
+PIGplDY_VAy-00112-00028832-00029151 that's fine i can do that all right now
+PIGplDY_VAy-00113-00029152-00029214 that that's
+PIGplDY_VAy-00114-00029216-00029574 done we are now set
+PIGplDY_VAy-00115-00029575-00030007 will now move on you see
+PIGplDY_VAy-00116-00030008-00030367 received that much oh
+PIGplDY_VAy-00117-00030368-00030758 dude dude
+PIGplDY_VAy-00118-00030760-00031007 hey you give give me some of that give
+PIGplDY_VAy-00119-00031008-00031246 me some of that i could use that
+PIGplDY_VAy-00120-00031247-00031631 you can use all of that actually wow
+PIGplDY_VAy-00121-00031632-00031974 wow dude
+PIGplDY_VAy-00122-00031975-00032439 danza is just getting so much freaking
+PIGplDY_VAy-00123-00032439-00032799 stuff and now it's just like
+PIGplDY_VAy-00124-00032800-00033039 wow that's impossible to tell if it is
+PIGplDY_VAy-00125-00033040-00033151 just getting
+PIGplDY_VAy-00126-00033152-00033399 more of it or not what have you learned
+PIGplDY_VAy-00127-00033400-00033590 traveler what generates artemis entity
+PIGplDY_VAy-00128-00033591-00033695 signal
+PIGplDY_VAy-00129-00033696-00033935 mention the portal i tell nada how we
+PIGplDY_VAy-00130-00033936-00034071 failed to understand our
+PIGplDY_VAy-00131-00034072-00034262 misses location i explained their
+PIGplDY_VAy-00132-00034263-00034407 strange messages
+PIGplDY_VAy-00133-00034408-00034655 apollo and the portal cliffs not a
+PIGplDY_VAy-00134-00034656-00034727 pauses
+PIGplDY_VAy-00135-00034728-00034999 their lights blankets they as they
+PIGplDY_VAy-00136-00035000-00035367 process the information
+PIGplDY_VAy-00137-00035368-00035615 artemis slips between worlds into the
+PIGplDY_VAy-00138-00035616-00035718 data flow
+PIGplDY_VAy-00139-00035719-00035943 our home lives in these spaces but these
+PIGplDY_VAy-00140-00035944-00036046 holes are stable
+PIGplDY_VAy-00141-00036047-00036367 small nada is worried traveler
+PIGplDY_VAy-00142-00036368-00036574 cracks between the iterations should not
+PIGplDY_VAy-00143-00036575-00036846 widen it will not help us
+PIGplDY_VAy-00144-00036847-00037030 artemis entity still does not remember
+PIGplDY_VAy-00145-00037031-00037174 nada
+PIGplDY_VAy-00146-00037175-00037567 they did not this is a puzzle a trap
+PIGplDY_VAy-00147-00037568-00037895 or a tragedy apollo entity is unknown to
+PIGplDY_VAy-00148-00037896-00038199 nada more puzzling still
+PIGplDY_VAy-00149-00038200-00038462 if traveler entity is curious nada has
+PIGplDY_VAy-00150-00038463-00038615 advice
+PIGplDY_VAy-00151-00038616-00038999 the rampant cris the rampant crimson
+PIGplDY_VAy-00152-00039000-00039279 is the work of atlas atlas falcity i
+PIGplDY_VAy-00153-00039280-00039607 can't talk wow
+PIGplDY_VAy-00154-00039608-00039935 give me a second i'm just going to until
+PIGplDY_VAy-00155-00039936-00039967 i
+PIGplDY_VAy-00156-00039968-00040599 get my brain to work properly
+PIGplDY_VAy-00157-00040600-00040943 reggie please cut that out reggie please
+PIGplDY_VAy-00158-00040944-00041023 cut that out
+PIGplDY_VAy-00159-00041024-00041543 don't let anyone hear what i just did
+PIGplDY_VAy-00160-00041544-00041799 the rampant crimson is the work of atlas
+PIGplDY_VAy-00161-00041800-00041927 falsity
+PIGplDY_VAy-00162-00041928-00042287 other korvax say deity nada knows better
+PIGplDY_VAy-00163-00042288-00042599 atlas false entity hans nada but
+PIGplDY_VAy-00164-00042600-00042735 traveler may seek them out
+PIGplDY_VAy-00165-00042736-00043095 draw them away really
+PIGplDY_VAy-00166-00043096-00043271 i got a whole lot of nanites out of that
+PIGplDY_VAy-00167-00043272-00043483 and quicksilver
+PIGplDY_VAy-00168-00043484-00043951 hello i have no problems with that
+PIGplDY_VAy-00169-00043952-00044351 that is a helmet specialist polo let's
+PIGplDY_VAy-00170-00044352-00044511 talk to you
+PIGplDY_VAy-00171-00044512-00044702 boundaries are strange things traveler
+PIGplDY_VAy-00172-00044703-00044895 friend most things stay where they
+PIGplDY_VAy-00173-00044896-00044983 belong
+PIGplDY_VAy-00174-00044984-00045199 other things our home atlas and now
+PIGplDY_VAy-00175-00045200-00045302 artemis friend
+PIGplDY_VAy-00176-00045303-00045639 slip between curious
+PIGplDY_VAy-00177-00045640-00045871 what about portals just devices traveler
+PIGplDY_VAy-00178-00045872-00046030 friend to be understood
+PIGplDY_VAy-00179-00046031-00046295 copied advanced that is all we can do
+PIGplDY_VAy-00180-00046296-00046367 with these
+PIGplDY_VAy-00181-00046368-00046751 with this universe yes appreciate it
+PIGplDY_VAy-00182-00046752-00047071 interesting search for artemis and
+PIGplDY_VAy-00183-00047072-00047358 apollo
+PIGplDY_VAy-00184-00047359-00047535 travelers helios and aries supply
+PIGplDY_VAy-00185-00047536-00047871 nanites oh that's right i forgot
+PIGplDY_VAy-00186-00047872-00048055 i could get more nanites if i talk to
+PIGplDY_VAy-00187-00048056-00048455 these two
+PIGplDY_VAy-00188-00048456-00048623 helios i'll talk to you because you're
+PIGplDY_VAy-00189-00048624-00048935 more fun
+PIGplDY_VAy-00190-00048936-00049215 ah young one you who still roam the
+PIGplDY_VAy-00191-00049216-00049374 boundaries of this universe
+PIGplDY_VAy-00192-00049375-00049639 how i envy you my time out in reality
+PIGplDY_VAy-00193-00049640-00049895 has long passed but i do so miss it
+PIGplDY_VAy-00194-00049896-00050055 perhaps you might help an old soul and
+PIGplDY_VAy-00195-00050056-00050199 share the things you've seen
+PIGplDY_VAy-00196-00050200-00050358 i miss the feeling of dirty hands and
+PIGplDY_VAy-00197-00050359-00050543 hard work grafting among the rocks and
+PIGplDY_VAy-00198-00050544-00050639 soil
+PIGplDY_VAy-00199-00050640-00050783 well here's some mineral data i
+PIGplDY_VAy-00200-00050784-00050999 collected thank you little one you have
+PIGplDY_VAy-00201-00051000-00051151 no idea what this means to me
+PIGplDY_VAy-00202-00051152-00051311 please take these nanites they are
+PIGplDY_VAy-00203-00051312-00051654 nothing but they are all i have now
+PIGplDY_VAy-00204-00051655-00051975 amy is it you were right it was nothing
+PIGplDY_VAy-00205-00051976-00052254 but it's fine it's fine
+PIGplDY_VAy-00206-00052255-00052550 it's fine areas let's talk to you
+PIGplDY_VAy-00207-00052551-00052711 traveler hopes to make progress
+PIGplDY_VAy-00208-00052712-00052935 traveler test themselves it will help in
+PIGplDY_VAy-00209-00052936-00053111 exchange progress for progress
+PIGplDY_VAy-00210-00053112-00053311 or wealth perhaps experience for
+PIGplDY_VAy-00211-00053312-00053454 materials both that
+PIGplDY_VAy-00212-00053455-00053807 today gravity no balls well i don't have
+PIGplDY_VAy-00213-00053808-00054079 any of those but i have milestone data
+PIGplDY_VAy-00214-00054079-00054311 you have seen much but do you understand
+PIGplDY_VAy-00215-00054312-00054430 not for me to know
+PIGplDY_VAy-00216-00054432-00054838 please take this whoa
+PIGplDY_VAy-00217-00054839-00054982 that's a lot more than i got out of
+PIGplDY_VAy-00218-00054983-00055254 helios hell yeah
+PIGplDY_VAy-00219-00055255-00055582 all right let's get out of here
+PIGplDY_VAy-00220-00055583-00056015 oh that ship looks cool
+PIGplDY_VAy-00221-00056016-00056319 that ship looks pretty cool so does the
+PIGplDY_VAy-00222-00056320-00056550 one over here too
+PIGplDY_VAy-00223-00056551-00056975 only was in the color i liked whoa
+PIGplDY_VAy-00224-00056976-00057471 bruh bruh
+PIGplDY_VAy-00225-00057472-00057847 look at this thing jesus how many wings
+PIGplDY_VAy-00226-00057848-00057935 do you need
+PIGplDY_VAy-00227-00057936-00058067 dude
+PIGplDY_VAy-00228-00058069-00058503 [Music]
+PIGplDY_VAy-00229-00058504-00058871 wow it's actually kind of cool
+PIGplDY_VAy-00230-00058872-00059071 that ship's same as the one over there
+PIGplDY_VAy-00231-00059072-00059247 interesting must be more common than i
+PIGplDY_VAy-00232-00059248-00059359 thought
+PIGplDY_VAy-00233-00059360-00059991 ah that's my ship but in blue
+PIGplDY_VAy-00234-00059991-00060694 sweetie yep
+PIGplDY_VAy-00235-00060695-00060982 started in mission in nexus oh that's
+PIGplDY_VAy-00236-00060983-00061094 german
+PIGplDY_VAy-00237-00061095-00061438 ah okay
+PIGplDY_VAy-00238-00061439-00061671 so we'll get notifications of other
+PIGplDY_VAy-00239-00061672-00061947 players in their native language
+PIGplDY_VAy-00240-00061948-00062223 interesting
+PIGplDY_VAy-00241-00062224-00063103 interesting
+PIGplDY_VAy-00242-00063104-00063454 the skylark of the stars time to get out
+PIGplDY_VAy-00243-00063455-00063726 of here
+PIGplDY_VAy-00244-00063727-00064063 i've done all i can here
+PIGplDY_VAy-00245-00064064-00064647 onward i must fly away
+PIGplDY_VAy-00246-00064648-00065119 all right let's head over to my
+PIGplDY_VAy-00247-00065120-00065591 crater
+PIGplDY_VAy-00248-00065592-00065911 oh boy all right closer than i thought i
+PIGplDY_VAy-00249-00065912-00066111 would
+PIGplDY_VAy-00250-00066112-00066535 and up we go okay
+PIGplDY_VAy-00251-00066536-00066743 that was not supposed to happen none of
+PIGplDY_VAy-00252-00066744-00067063 that was supposed to happen
+PIGplDY_VAy-00253-00067064-00067311 okay don't know why it happened but it's
+PIGplDY_VAy-00254-00067312-00067455 fine
+PIGplDY_VAy-00255-00067456-00067631 it's fine it's all fine at least i
+PIGplDY_VAy-00256-00067632-00067838 didn't cause any damage to it
+PIGplDY_VAy-00257-00067839-00068206 that's the important part yep
+PIGplDY_VAy-00258-00068207-00068447 some of these guys are gonna fly in so i
+PIGplDY_VAy-00259-00068448-00069311 might as well join them in my ship
+PIGplDY_VAy-00260-00069312-00069759 all right cool
+PIGplDY_VAy-00261-00069760-00069935 i do intend on changing the name of the
+PIGplDY_VAy-00262-00069936-00070150 capital ship at some point
+PIGplDY_VAy-00263-00070151-00070431 just not yet kind of want to check on
+PIGplDY_VAy-00264-00070432-00070631 some of these
+PIGplDY_VAy-00265-00070632-00071159 me there's that big ship again
+PIGplDY_VAy-00266-00071160-00071438 and there's a similarly big but not as
+PIGplDY_VAy-00267-00071439-00071679 big ship
+PIGplDY_VAy-00268-00071680-00072006 hello oh
+PIGplDY_VAy-00269-00072007-00072359 boy you're a big chunky boy aren't you
+PIGplDY_VAy-00270-00072360-00072759 damn all right cool
+PIGplDY_VAy-00271-00072760-00073094 all right i think i'm done
+PIGplDY_VAy-00272-00073095-00073294 marveling at these ships for a little
+PIGplDY_VAy-00273-00073295-00073687 bit
+PIGplDY_VAy-00274-00073688-00074079 i think
+PIGplDY_VAy-00275-00074080-00074391 let's check on oh they aren't damaged
+PIGplDY_VAy-00276-00074392-00074543 good
+PIGplDY_VAy-00277-00074544-00074743 if one of the ships was damaged they'd
+PIGplDY_VAy-00278-00074744-00074935 show red and their outline instead of
+PIGplDY_VAy-00279-00074936-00075087 blue
+PIGplDY_VAy-00280-00075088-00075391 calibrating let's check how far along
+PIGplDY_VAy-00281-00075392-00075423 they
+PIGplDY_VAy-00282-00075424-00075759 are another three hours okay it was like
+PIGplDY_VAy-00283-00075760-00075975 a four hour trip so that makes sense
+PIGplDY_VAy-00284-00075976-00076287 okay
+PIGplDY_VAy-00285-00076288-00076887 okay all right
+PIGplDY_VAy-00286-00076888-00077262 let's search that for life support gel i
+PIGplDY_VAy-00287-00077263-00077494 guess
+PIGplDY_VAy-00288-00077495-00077743 condensed carbon and what's the other
+PIGplDY_VAy-00289-00077744-00077815 thing
+PIGplDY_VAy-00290-00077816-00078294 anti-matter housing yeah that's fine
+PIGplDY_VAy-00291-00078295-00078606 put that there
+PIGplDY_VAy-00292-00078607-00078894 make some more of these at least five
+PIGplDY_VAy-00293-00078895-00078975 that should be
+PIGplDY_VAy-00294-00078976-00079643 fine i think um
+PIGplDY_VAy-00295-00079644-00080006 salarium selanium rather
+PIGplDY_VAy-00296-00080007-00080206 oh i don't have any of it collected well
+PIGplDY_VAy-00297-00080207-00080638 good thing i collected it then
+PIGplDY_VAy-00298-00080639-00080935 uh these should actually probably be in
+PIGplDY_VAy-00299-00080936-00081038 their own little
+PIGplDY_VAy-00300-00081039-00081367 segment
+PIGplDY_VAy-00301-00081368-00081887 like here there we go
+PIGplDY_VAy-00302-00081888-00082206 um move the phosphorus
+PIGplDY_VAy-00303-00082207-00082518 here i guess with the uranium which i
+PIGplDY_VAy-00304-00082519-00082726 need more of here
+PIGplDY_VAy-00305-00082727-00083103 pyrite here actually
+PIGplDY_VAy-00306-00083104-00083455 speaking of which i learned pyrite
+PIGplDY_VAy-00307-00083456-00083831 recently is actually the scientific name
+PIGplDY_VAy-00308-00083832-00083935 for what is
+PIGplDY_VAy-00309-00083936-00084262 normally known as fool's gold
+PIGplDY_VAy-00310-00084263-00084526 that is interesting that i found that
+PIGplDY_VAy-00311-00084527-00084567 out
+PIGplDY_VAy-00312-00084568-00084959 and apparently pyrite is a pretty useful
+PIGplDY_VAy-00313-00084960-00085175 material in and of itself just
+PIGplDY_VAy-00314-00085176-00085606 not as valuable as gold obviously
+PIGplDY_VAy-00315-00085607-00085967 but it's cool to learn
+PIGplDY_VAy-00316-00085968-00086223 tell you what learning stuff i didn't
+PIGplDY_VAy-00317-00086224-00086494 expect
+PIGplDY_VAy-00318-00086495-00086823 all right um put that there
+PIGplDY_VAy-00319-00086824-00086967 because that's probably where i'm going
+PIGplDY_VAy-00320-00086968-00087167 to need it the most
+PIGplDY_VAy-00321-00087168-00087535 honestly um
+PIGplDY_VAy-00322-00087536-00087743 more diet we'll put that where it
+PIGplDY_VAy-00323-00087744-00087911 belongs there
+PIGplDY_VAy-00324-00087912-00088271 good um
+PIGplDY_VAy-00325-00088272-00088599 let's have that not be at the top
+PIGplDY_VAy-00326-00088600-00088662 because that
+PIGplDY_VAy-00327-00088663-00088879 looks weird let's have this at the top
+PIGplDY_VAy-00328-00088880-00089055 there we go a little better
+PIGplDY_VAy-00329-00089056-00089367 a little better scaly meat i could
+PIGplDY_VAy-00330-00089368-00089743 sell that probably more worth it to sell
+PIGplDY_VAy-00331-00089744-00089894 it than hold on to it
+PIGplDY_VAy-00332-00089895-00090215 also
+PIGplDY_VAy-00333-00090216-00090543 this whole this whole thing here we got
+PIGplDY_VAy-00334-00090544-00090687 going on
+PIGplDY_VAy-00335-00090688-00091082 it's a little weird can i fix that
+PIGplDY_VAy-00336-00091083-00091359 maybe
+PIGplDY_VAy-00337-00091360-00091847 possibly fix that just delete this
+PIGplDY_VAy-00338-00091848-00092343 oh not exactly what i mean
+PIGplDY_VAy-00339-00092344-00092655 um what i meant technically
+PIGplDY_VAy-00340-00092656-00092918 was i was going to just do a large room
+PIGplDY_VAy-00341-00092919-00093399 instead
+PIGplDY_VAy-00342-00093400-00093655 i could do that i just need to change it
+PIGplDY_VAy-00343-00093656-00094447 to the color i want
+PIGplDY_VAy-00344-00094448-00094782 just need to delete that and then put
+PIGplDY_VAy-00345-00094783-00095215 this there there we go gives us a lot
+PIGplDY_VAy-00346-00095216-00095415 more space in this little cargo hold of
+PIGplDY_VAy-00347-00095416-00095615 ours
+PIGplDY_VAy-00348-00095616-00095887 and actually i kind of want to delete
+PIGplDY_VAy-00349-00095888-00095967 that
+PIGplDY_VAy-00350-00095968-00096343 just for now um delete
+PIGplDY_VAy-00351-00096344-00096606 that too there we go don't need that
+PIGplDY_VAy-00352-00096607-00096743 light
+PIGplDY_VAy-00353-00096744-00097279 we'll leave those there for now
+PIGplDY_VAy-00354-00097280-00097638 um
+PIGplDY_VAy-00355-00097639-00098023 delete place
+PIGplDY_VAy-00356-00098024-00098391 there we go place
+PIGplDY_VAy-00357-00098392-00098750 and delete and
+PIGplDY_VAy-00358-00098751-00099094 place cool and we'll just delete
+PIGplDY_VAy-00359-00099095-00099447 whatever this was oh it was just a
+PIGplDY_VAy-00360-00099448-00099606 storage thing
+PIGplDY_VAy-00361-00099607-00100015 and deleted cool
+PIGplDY_VAy-00362-00100016-00100503 cool cool cool cool all right
+PIGplDY_VAy-00363-00100504-00100823 actually you know what i'm just trying
+PIGplDY_VAy-00364-00100824-00100935 to make it a little more
+PIGplDY_VAy-00365-00100936-00101126 roomy in here you know what i mean just
+PIGplDY_VAy-00366-00101127-00101287 trying to make it more roomy make it
+PIGplDY_VAy-00367-00101288-00101487 look
+PIGplDY_VAy-00368-00101488-00101815 like it's a wide open space
+PIGplDY_VAy-00369-00101816-00102167 i might just a little bit
+PIGplDY_VAy-00370-00102168-00102423 i might just alter a few things around
+PIGplDY_VAy-00371-00102424-00102551 here
+PIGplDY_VAy-00372-00102552-00103494 to make that a little bit more doable
+PIGplDY_VAy-00373-00103495-00104199 yeah yeah um
+PIGplDY_VAy-00374-00104200-00104647 that works
+PIGplDY_VAy-00375-00104648-00104990 huh whoa
+PIGplDY_VAy-00376-00104991-00105231 okay all right all right geez that got
+PIGplDY_VAy-00377-00105232-00105295 weird
+PIGplDY_VAy-00378-00105296-00105463 oh oh i don't have enough silver for
+PIGplDY_VAy-00379-00105464-00105615 that oh
+PIGplDY_VAy-00380-00105616-00106351 that's unfortunate
+PIGplDY_VAy-00381-00106352-00106510 didn't know i would be running out of
+PIGplDY_VAy-00382-00106511-00106678 silver that quickly if i decided to do
+PIGplDY_VAy-00383-00106679-00106783 this
+PIGplDY_VAy-00384-00106783-00107343 well i guess i should have known
+PIGplDY_VAy-00385-00107344-00107766 well
+PIGplDY_VAy-00386-00107767-00108151 what if i delete things that i don't
+PIGplDY_VAy-00387-00108152-00108439 necessarily need
+PIGplDY_VAy-00388-00108440-00108847 like there and
+PIGplDY_VAy-00389-00108848-00109023 here i don't necessarily need it to be
+PIGplDY_VAy-00390-00109024-00109207 that wide over here do i
+PIGplDY_VAy-00391-00109208-00109495 i don't think i do would that give me
+PIGplDY_VAy-00392-00109496-00109583 enough
+PIGplDY_VAy-00393-00109583-00109958 it would
+PIGplDY_VAy-00394-00109959-00110683 cool widens this up
+PIGplDY_VAy-00395-00110683-00110839 considerably
+PIGplDY_VAy-00396-00110840-00111286 all right okay
+PIGplDY_VAy-00397-00111288-00111631 getting somewhere now it comes to
+PIGplDY_VAy-00398-00111632-00111823 designing
+PIGplDY_VAy-00399-00111824-00112183 this little base of a
+PIGplDY_VAy-00400-00112183-00112351 it's about to say hours but it's mainly
+PIGplDY_VAy-00401-00112352-00112807 mine
+PIGplDY_VAy-00402-00112808-00112975 at some point i might actually shorten
+PIGplDY_VAy-00403-00112976-00113207 this a little bit too
+PIGplDY_VAy-00404-00113208-00113510 but i'll need a lot more silver
+PIGplDY_VAy-00405-00113511-00113654 i'll need a lot more materials in
+PIGplDY_VAy-00406-00113655-00113831 general for that
+PIGplDY_VAy-00407-00113832-00114015 i've used up a lot of tritium just doing
+PIGplDY_VAy-00408-00114016-00114215 all of that
+PIGplDY_VAy-00409-00114216-00114583 okay so i'm gonna sell the scaly meat
+PIGplDY_VAy-00410-00114583-00114775 that i have in my inventory and it's
+PIGplDY_VAy-00411-00114776-00114966 basically burning a hole in my pocket
+PIGplDY_VAy-00412-00114967-00115054 get rid of that
+PIGplDY_VAy-00413-00115055-00115399 perfect all right and i think that's
+PIGplDY_VAy-00414-00115400-00115551 everything i need
+PIGplDY_VAy-00415-00115552-00115951 cool
+PIGplDY_VAy-00416-00115952-00116286 in fact i might change this orientation
+PIGplDY_VAy-00417-00116288-00116423 a little bit too
+PIGplDY_VAy-00418-00116424-00116663 that'll be later i'll get rid of this
+PIGplDY_VAy-00419-00116664-00116727 here
+PIGplDY_VAy-00420-00116728-00117086 put it over there then get rid of this
+PIGplDY_VAy-00421-00117088-00117254 one and put it over there
+PIGplDY_VAy-00422-00117255-00117447 and then i'll put this somewhere else i
+PIGplDY_VAy-00423-00117448-00117902 just don't know where i want to put it
+PIGplDY_VAy-00424-00117903-00118919 huh
+PIGplDY_VAy-00425-00118920-00119119 i'm in designing mode in my head real
+PIGplDY_VAy-00426-00119120-00119431 quick so give me a second
+PIGplDY_VAy-00427-00119432-00119815 i i'm i sometimes get into
+PIGplDY_VAy-00428-00119816-00120039 a designer sort of mood and that's kind
+PIGplDY_VAy-00429-00120040-00120190 of what i'm doing right now
+PIGplDY_VAy-00430-00120191-00120678 so let's move on instead
+PIGplDY_VAy-00431-00120679-00121007 and let's see
+PIGplDY_VAy-00432-00121008-00121263 i'm pretty good on what i got pretty
+PIGplDY_VAy-00433-00121264-00121486 good on what i got so far
+PIGplDY_VAy-00434-00121488-00121751 i'm gonna put this here and reorient
+PIGplDY_VAy-00435-00121752-00122047 this a little bit
+PIGplDY_VAy-00436-00122048-00122399 there we go why for no other reason than
+PIGplDY_VAy-00437-00122400-00122902 because i can jetpack tanks being 138
+PIGplDY_VAy-00438-00122903-00123023 percent
+PIGplDY_VAy-00439-00123024-00123399 bigger that's just crazy to me i love it
+PIGplDY_VAy-00440-00123400-00123710 it's just crazy to me 138
+PIGplDY_VAy-00441-00123711-00124063 more wow all right okay
+PIGplDY_VAy-00442-00124064-00124263 um magnetized ferrite oh yeah that's
+PIGplDY_VAy-00443-00124264-00124463 right i needed to do a bit of that
+PIGplDY_VAy-00444-00124464-00124758 um let's cut this down a little bit
+PIGplDY_VAy-00445-00124759-00125071 there we go
+PIGplDY_VAy-00446-00125072-00125351 and we're gonna go for 275 that ain't
+PIGplDY_VAy-00447-00125352-00125502 too bad
+PIGplDY_VAy-00448-00125503-00125719 just add that to my pile of magnetized
+PIGplDY_VAy-00449-00125720-00125847 pair right there
+PIGplDY_VAy-00450-00125848-00126302 ain't too bad ain't too bad at all
+PIGplDY_VAy-00451-00126303-00126654 all right uh
+PIGplDY_VAy-00452-00126655-00126943 dropped a bunch of frames there sorry i
+PIGplDY_VAy-00453-00126944-00127278 just noticed it
+PIGplDY_VAy-00454-00127279-00127575 all right well now that we've done the
+PIGplDY_VAy-00455-00127576-00127607 big
+PIGplDY_VAy-00456-00127608-00128071 thing big thing i wanted to do
+PIGplDY_VAy-00457-00128072-00128447 um let's check um the log and see where
+PIGplDY_VAy-00458-00128448-00128583 i want to go with
+PIGplDY_VAy-00459-00128583-00128886 other things wait for additional data to
+PIGplDY_VAy-00460-00128888-00129175 be restored
+PIGplDY_VAy-00461-00129176-00129543 how long do i have to wait oh like 45
+PIGplDY_VAy-00462-00129544-00129607 minutes
+PIGplDY_VAy-00463-00129608-00129766 it's basically another episode that's
+PIGplDY_VAy-00464-00129767-00129990 fine i can wait
+PIGplDY_VAy-00465-00129991-00130343 um at this path goes to the machine
+PIGplDY_VAy-00466-00130344-00130566 locate and activate a hollow terminus so
+PIGplDY_VAy-00467-00130567-00130831 i can talk to apollo
+PIGplDY_VAy-00468-00130832-00131175 i can do that
+PIGplDY_VAy-00469-00131176-00131343 the beeping seems to tell me yeah i
+PIGplDY_VAy-00470-00131344-00131799 could do that so i'll do that
+PIGplDY_VAy-00471-00131800-00132063 all right that wasn't the button i meant
+PIGplDY_VAy-00472-00132064-00132390 to hit i meant to hit this button
+PIGplDY_VAy-00473-00132391-00132766 oh it's done nice put it in the exo suit
+PIGplDY_VAy-00474-00132767-00133247 put this full of that
+PIGplDY_VAy-00475-00133248-00134007 and we'll kill that good
+PIGplDY_VAy-00476-00134008-00134639 i want more i want more slots i want
+PIGplDY_VAy-00477-00134640-00134943 more slots for my exercise
+PIGplDY_VAy-00478-00134944-00135302 i want more
+PIGplDY_VAy-00479-00135303-00136311 all right moving onward
+PIGplDY_VAy-00480-00136312-00137087 over here interesting
+PIGplDY_VAy-00481-00137088-00137775 that off the rocket launcher real quick
+PIGplDY_VAy-00482-00137776-00138683 out of range well not for long
+PIGplDY_VAy-00483-00138684-00138892 gotcha
+PIGplDY_VAy-00484-00138893-00139023 [Music]
+PIGplDY_VAy-00485-00139024-00139366 and we got a lot of standing with the
+PIGplDY_VAy-00486-00139367-00139575 corvax from that
+PIGplDY_VAy-00487-00139576-00139878 damn cool all right
+PIGplDY_VAy-00488-00139879-00140231 um got some chromatic metal
+PIGplDY_VAy-00489-00140232-00140671 all right
+PIGplDY_VAy-00490-00140672-00140966 hollow terminus detected where was it
+PIGplDY_VAy-00491-00140967-00141166 detected
+PIGplDY_VAy-00492-00141167-00141666 is the question it's saying up here oh
+PIGplDY_VAy-00493-00141667-00141999 significance i'm at corvx rank six out
+PIGplDY_VAy-00494-00142000-00142078 of nine
+PIGplDY_VAy-00495-00142079-00142566 69 nice all right um
+PIGplDY_VAy-00496-00142567-00142966 let's head to the hollow terminus
+PIGplDY_VAy-00497-00142967-00143511 just funny enough near my base
+PIGplDY_VAy-00498-00143512-00143959 and near my base on the moon of iguchi
+PIGplDY_VAy-00499-00143960-00145214 gotta love that
+PIGplDY_VAy-00500-00145215-00145390 all right whoop it's the approximate
+PIGplDY_VAy-00501-00145391-00145526 location which is not
+PIGplDY_VAy-00502-00145527-00146014 exactly the location
+PIGplDY_VAy-00503-00146015-00146478 where would it be ah
+PIGplDY_VAy-00504-00146479-00147439 there it be now we land
+PIGplDY_VAy-00505-00147440-00147623 warm dew drops are regular patrols
+PIGplDY_VAy-00506-00147624-00147799 frequent and ample
+PIGplDY_VAy-00507-00147800-00148847 this planet is pretty damn good honestly
+PIGplDY_VAy-00508-00148848-00149135 hey sodium nitrate always nice get some
+PIGplDY_VAy-00509-00149136-00149302 more things out of these
+PIGplDY_VAy-00510-00149303-00149807 and these and these
+PIGplDY_VAy-00511-00149808-00149990 now look at this pure ferrite whoops
+PIGplDY_VAy-00512-00149991-00150278 that is the wrong thing
+PIGplDY_VAy-00513-00150279-00150783 this is the right thing
+PIGplDY_VAy-00514-00150784-00151631 always could use more more more
+PIGplDY_VAy-00515-00151632-00151966 seth right it's an interesting name
+PIGplDY_VAy-00516-00151967-00152423 actually
+PIGplDY_VAy-00517-00152424-00152735 all right
+PIGplDY_VAy-00518-00152736-00152919 let's say can i reach that rock i don't
+PIGplDY_VAy-00519-00152920-00153071 think i can
+PIGplDY_VAy-00520-00153072-00153439 yeah it's just a little too far away
+PIGplDY_VAy-00521-00153440-00153766 damn all right well oh i can get
+PIGplDY_VAy-00522-00153767-00154295 nitrogen out of this one
+PIGplDY_VAy-00523-00154296-00154405 well i mean
+PIGplDY_VAy-00524-00154406-00154831 [Music]
+PIGplDY_VAy-00525-00154832-00155151 no reason not to right
+PIGplDY_VAy-00526-00155152-00155335 i'm gonna get into a mind crazy move
+PIGplDY_VAy-00527-00155336-00155487 before i even
+PIGplDY_VAy-00528-00155488-00155854 finish half the story i tell ya
+PIGplDY_VAy-00529-00155855-00156078 just get into a crazy mood i'm just
+PIGplDY_VAy-00530-00156079-00156254 collecting stuff
+PIGplDY_VAy-00531-00156255-00156551 just don't stop that's what's gonna
+PIGplDY_VAy-00532-00156552-00157014 happen i can get our own damn team
+PIGplDY_VAy-00533-00157015-00157366 what is this what oh
+PIGplDY_VAy-00534-00157367-00157966 a little faster get out of here
+PIGplDY_VAy-00535-00157967-00158302 come on there we go
+PIGplDY_VAy-00536-00158303-00158735 bye
+PIGplDY_VAy-00537-00158736-00159271 all right welp
+PIGplDY_VAy-00538-00159272-00159590 might as well test the jet pack again
+PIGplDY_VAy-00539-00159591-00159943 just as useful as it was
+PIGplDY_VAy-00540-00159944-00160447 gotta love it up we go
+PIGplDY_VAy-00541-00160448-00160790 and back it up to no i don't wanna use
+PIGplDY_VAy-00542-00160791-00160839 that
+PIGplDY_VAy-00543-00160840-00161166 i wanna have my trusty jetpack all right
+PIGplDY_VAy-00544-00161167-00161495 cool
+PIGplDY_VAy-00545-00161496-00161735 holoterminus activated multiple signal
+PIGplDY_VAy-00546-00161736-00161943 sources available
+PIGplDY_VAy-00547-00161944-00162119 the tower hosts a powerful transmitter
+PIGplDY_VAy-00548-00162120-00162439 yep already know that tuned to apollo
+PIGplDY_VAy-00549-00162440-00163031 signal match detected
+PIGplDY_VAy-00550-00163032-00163471 well you're interesting looking
+PIGplDY_VAy-00551-00163472-00163607 i don't know what you've got going on
+PIGplDY_VAy-00552-00163608-00163783 with your hands there but you are
+PIGplDY_VAy-00553-00163784-00164359 interesting looking
+PIGplDY_VAy-00554-00164360-00164559 the transmission is silent the stranger
+PIGplDY_VAy-00555-00164560-00164975 just stares at me
+PIGplDY_VAy-00556-00164976-00165399 hello identify yourself or i end this
+PIGplDY_VAy-00557-00165400-00165871 call i'm a traveler
+PIGplDY_VAy-00558-00165872-00166254 and what does that mean to be a traveler
+PIGplDY_VAy-00559-00166255-00166575 mention the anomaly what
+PIGplDY_VAy-00560-00166576-00166759 nonsense you're worse than artemis in
+PIGplDY_VAy-00561-00166760-00166951 their weird dreams i'm not interested in
+PIGplDY_VAy-00562-00166952-00167063 dreamers
+PIGplDY_VAy-00563-00167064-00167375 oh but did artemis send you
+PIGplDY_VAy-00564-00167376-00167711 things suddenly make sense look we are
+PIGplDY_VAy-00565-00167712-00167790 alone
+PIGplDY_VAy-00566-00167791-00168054 we're not like the rest of life here yes
+PIGplDY_VAy-00567-00168055-00168166 it's strange
+PIGplDY_VAy-00568-00168167-00168454 no the answer isn't in wishful delusions
+PIGplDY_VAy-00569-00168455-00168519 it just
+PIGplDY_VAy-00570-00168520-00168943 is what it is you can tell artemis that
+PIGplDY_VAy-00571-00168944-00169183 i haven't changed my mind about me
+PIGplDY_VAy-00572-00169184-00169383 i'll do it if i'm paid to do it even
+PIGplDY_VAy-00573-00169384-00169559 this conversation is a waste of valuable
+PIGplDY_VAy-00574-00169560-00169678 time
+PIGplDY_VAy-00575-00169679-00169902 well artemis is in trouble does that
+PIGplDY_VAy-00576-00169903-00170095 change your mind
+PIGplDY_VAy-00577-00170096-00170311 i tell apollo that artemis is in trouble
+PIGplDY_VAy-00578-00170312-00170471 that they attempted to use a portal and
+PIGplDY_VAy-00579-00170472-00170654 became stranded on some distant and
+PIGplDY_VAy-00580-00170655-00170751 uncharted world
+PIGplDY_VAy-00581-00170752-00170990 disappearing from the network their last
+PIGplDY_VAy-00582-00170991-00171214 word was apollo's name
+PIGplDY_VAy-00583-00171215-00171607 apollo's demeanor changes
+PIGplDY_VAy-00584-00171608-00171790 send me your data logs let me see this
+PIGplDY_VAy-00585-00171791-00171911 for myself
+PIGplDY_VAy-00586-00171912-00172183 upload the log apollo studies log
+PIGplDY_VAy-00587-00172184-00172343 pausing and replaying with
+PIGplDY_VAy-00588-00172344-00172511 the various segments of static and
+PIGplDY_VAy-00589-00172512-00172743 distortions they turn to me with a glow
+PIGplDY_VAy-00590-00172744-00173014 of excitement
+PIGplDY_VAy-00591-00173015-00173190 these noises they sound just like the
+PIGplDY_VAy-00592-00173191-00173366 echoes of sentinel events
+PIGplDY_VAy-00593-00173367-00173543 you've seen them before of course drones
+PIGplDY_VAy-00594-00173544-00173654 that appear from nowhere if you
+PIGplDY_VAy-00595-00173655-00173847 interfere with their precious planets
+PIGplDY_VAy-00596-00173848-00174231 but this data it's distorted inverted
+PIGplDY_VAy-00597-00174232-00174383 there's a lot to gain if we figure out
+PIGplDY_VAy-00598-00174384-00174566 how the sentinels appear so quickly
+PIGplDY_VAy-00599-00174567-00174790 and this the portals perhaps they're the
+PIGplDY_VAy-00600-00174791-00174902 key
+PIGplDY_VAy-00601-00174903-00175247 life is worth more than money
+PIGplDY_VAy-00602-00175248-00175502 yes yes probably but we can figure this
+PIGplDY_VAy-00603-00175503-00175559 out
+PIGplDY_VAy-00604-00175560-00175711 but if we can figure this out we can
+PIGplDY_VAy-00605-00175712-00176078 save artemis too don't forget
+PIGplDY_VAy-00606-00176079-00176247 so what do you say do you want to work
+PIGplDY_VAy-00607-00176248-00176654 together on this b partners
+PIGplDY_VAy-00608-00176655-00177087 sure if you're going to work with me
+PIGplDY_VAy-00609-00177088-00177231 we need to expand your base of
+PIGplDY_VAy-00610-00177232-00177454 operations i'll send you to a contact of
+PIGplDY_VAy-00611-00177455-00177502 mine
+PIGplDY_VAy-00612-00177503-00177647 they'll supply you with what you need
+PIGplDY_VAy-00613-00177648-00177919 just remember to be polite
+PIGplDY_VAy-00614-00177920-00178335 okay fair enough as the hologram fades
+PIGplDY_VAy-00615-00178336-00178607 apollo's head suddenly apollo's head
+PIGplDY_VAy-00616-00178608-00178831 turns to the side ever so slightly
+PIGplDY_VAy-00617-00178832-00179199 as if sighing saddened or perhaps it was
+PIGplDY_VAy-00618-00179200-00179247 nothing
+PIGplDY_VAy-00619-00179248-00179575 a ghost in the machine
+PIGplDY_VAy-00620-00179576-00179895 interesting apollo's contact is outside
+PIGplDY_VAy-00621-00179896-00180087 local system consult galaxy
+PIGplDY_VAy-00622-00180088-00180683 map interesting
+PIGplDY_VAy-00623-00180684-00181966 interesting
+PIGplDY_VAy-00624-00181967-00182335 that hurt all right um
+PIGplDY_VAy-00625-00182336-00182519 wow i only got one nitrogen out of that
+PIGplDY_VAy-00626-00182520-00182695 are you for real
+PIGplDY_VAy-00627-00182696-00183014 one nitrogen out of that tree that's
+PIGplDY_VAy-00628-00183015-00183247 in it all right well now i feel like i
+PIGplDY_VAy-00629-00183248-00183663 need to do more
+PIGplDY_VAy-00630-00183664-00184190 all right
+PIGplDY_VAy-00631-00184191-00184807 there we go
+PIGplDY_VAy-00632-00184808-00184990 at least i got a little more nitrogen
+PIGplDY_VAy-00633-00184991-00185159 out of it it's not a lot
+PIGplDY_VAy-00634-00185160-00185631 but it's something
+PIGplDY_VAy-00635-00185632-00186150 cool
+PIGplDY_VAy-00636-00186151-00186526 still only getting like one
+PIGplDY_VAy-00637-00186527-00186878 oh well it's something something at
+PIGplDY_VAy-00638-00186879-00187111 least
+PIGplDY_VAy-00639-00187112-00187454 why did my other xbox turn up
+PIGplDY_VAy-00640-00187455-00188238 what that was weird
+PIGplDY_VAy-00641-00188239-00188599 okay weird whoa
+PIGplDY_VAy-00642-00188600-00188975 okay didn't realize it was that close to
+PIGplDY_VAy-00643-00188976-00189295 all right
+PIGplDY_VAy-00644-00189296-00189638 well i don't recognize you but
+PIGplDY_VAy-00645-00189639-00189831 apparently it's a cannibal
+PIGplDY_VAy-00646-00189832-00190126 that can't be good
+PIGplDY_VAy-00647-00190127-00190583 [Music]
+PIGplDY_VAy-00648-00190584-00190775 ever get these things yes i did okay
+PIGplDY_VAy-00649-00190776-00190911 cool
+PIGplDY_VAy-00650-00190912-00191238 all right well
+PIGplDY_VAy-00651-00191239-00191883 i think i'm done on this planet for now
+PIGplDY_VAy-00652-00191884-00192366 we
+PIGplDY_VAy-00653-00192367-00192535 i really should explore the other
+PIGplDY_VAy-00654-00192536-00192847 planets in the system but i don't think
+PIGplDY_VAy-00655-00192848-00193263 i ever have
+PIGplDY_VAy-00656-00193264-00193478 a caustic planet apparently i have been
+PIGplDY_VAy-00657-00193479-00193702 on that one
+PIGplDY_VAy-00658-00193703-00194014 fungal mold copper and ammonia i don't
+PIGplDY_VAy-00659-00194015-00194302 need that that badly
+PIGplDY_VAy-00660-00194303-00194590 this is the main planet i was on this
+PIGplDY_VAy-00661-00194591-00194683 one
+PIGplDY_VAy-00662-00194684-00195007 is the big planet
+PIGplDY_VAy-00663-00195008-00195214 ever been on that one yet life
+PIGplDY_VAy-00664-00195215-00195559 incompatible planet
+PIGplDY_VAy-00665-00195560-00195950 copper rusted metal and salt fair enough
+PIGplDY_VAy-00666-00195951-00196423 i've never been on this one
+PIGplDY_VAy-00667-00196424-00196766 what's up with this planet
+PIGplDY_VAy-00668-00196767-00197023 corrosive planet fungal mold copper
+PIGplDY_VAy-00669-00197024-00197207 ammonia and silver
+PIGplDY_VAy-00670-00197208-00197535 well i do need more silver
+PIGplDY_VAy-00671-00197536-00199654 let's go
+PIGplDY_VAy-00672-00199655-00199935 this will take a while this planet is a
+PIGplDY_VAy-00673-00199936-00200343 little further than the rest of them
+PIGplDY_VAy-00674-00200344-00201278 makes sense but just a ways away
+PIGplDY_VAy-00675-00201279-00201687 yeah let's see
+PIGplDY_VAy-00676-00201688-00202166 put
+PIGplDY_VAy-00677-00202167-00202423 and then eventually we will put more
+PIGplDY_VAy-00678-00202424-00202654 salvage data there
+PIGplDY_VAy-00679-00202655-00202887 if there's any more to grab there should
+PIGplDY_VAy-00680-00202888-00203735 be more to grab and eventually i will
+PIGplDY_VAy-00681-00203736-00204047 man i used a lot of fuel just getting to
+PIGplDY_VAy-00682-00204048-00204263 this planet
+PIGplDY_VAy-00683-00204264-00204454 i was about to say it looks like i'm
+PIGplDY_VAy-00684-00204455-00204614 heading towards a place that doesn't
+PIGplDY_VAy-00685-00204615-00204814 have a lot of land
+PIGplDY_VAy-00686-00204815-00205238 on it so let's fix that shall we
+PIGplDY_VAy-00687-00205239-00205486 head over to a place that has a little
+PIGplDY_VAy-00688-00205487-00205566 bit more land
+PIGplDY_VAy-00689-00205567-00206055 going for it
+PIGplDY_VAy-00690-00206056-00206382 there we go looks like i was
+PIGplDY_VAy-00691-00206383-00206671 heading straight for an ocean at first
+PIGplDY_VAy-00692-00206671-00206927 better off on land
+PIGplDY_VAy-00693-00206928-00208366 wow this is some serious mountain ranges
+PIGplDY_VAy-00694-00208367-00209319 all right
+PIGplDY_VAy-00695-00209319-00209791 well i recognize some fungal mold spots
+PIGplDY_VAy-00696-00209792-00210206 that's good
+PIGplDY_VAy-00697-00210207-00210831 and i'm gonna land here then
+PIGplDY_VAy-00698-00210832-00211239 good
+PIGplDY_VAy-00699-00211240-00211742 corrosive damp sparse abundant encodius
+PIGplDY_VAy-00700-00211744-00211942 there's some fungal mold right there
+PIGplDY_VAy-00701-00211944-00212303 that's good
+PIGplDY_VAy-00702-00212304-00212542 buried technology module oh it's right
+PIGplDY_VAy-00703-00212544-00212727 there gotta love when it
+PIGplDY_VAy-00704-00212728-00213487 presents itself right there
+PIGplDY_VAy-00705-00213488-00214119 beautiful
+PIGplDY_VAy-00706-00214119-00214463 got three salvage data nice put that in
+PIGplDY_VAy-00707-00214464-00214606 the cargo
+PIGplDY_VAy-00708-00214607-00215023 section beautiful and we're gonna
+PIGplDY_VAy-00709-00215023-00215303 break into this damaged machinery while
+PIGplDY_VAy-00710-00215304-00215494 we also face through the ground
+PIGplDY_VAy-00711-00215496-00215798 to look at it there we go
+PIGplDY_VAy-00712-00215800-00216198 that night's received not bad
+PIGplDY_VAy-00713-00216200-00216679 not bad at all
+PIGplDY_VAy-00714-00216680-00216855 get ammonia out of that thing but then
+PIGplDY_VAy-00715-00216856-00217015 there's also these creatures that are
+PIGplDY_VAy-00716-00217016-00217423 apparently rolling down a hill
+PIGplDY_VAy-00717-00217423-00217606 just rolling down the hill with no
+PIGplDY_VAy-00718-00217607-00217815 regard for what the hell are doing i
+PIGplDY_VAy-00719-00217816-00218223 guess
+PIGplDY_VAy-00720-00218223-00218991 an identified plant
+PIGplDY_VAy-00721-00218992-00219398 that's a word
+PIGplDY_VAy-00722-00219400-00220031 interesting word what
+PIGplDY_VAy-00723-00220032-00220487 is that what that is
+PIGplDY_VAy-00724-00220488-00220863 i have no idea what that could possibly
+PIGplDY_VAy-00725-00220864-00221351 be at all so weird
+PIGplDY_VAy-00726-00221352-00221751 all right well anyway
+PIGplDY_VAy-00727-00221752-00222134 moving on
+PIGplDY_VAy-00728-00222135-00222727 just gonna scan what i can scan
+PIGplDY_VAy-00729-00222728-00223039 fungal mold from that thing this one's
+PIGplDY_VAy-00730-00223040-00223198 probably going to be primarily
+PIGplDY_VAy-00731-00223200-00223463 ferrite dust yep knew it faintly
+PIGplDY_VAy-00732-00223464-00224082 luminous
+PIGplDY_VAy-00733-00224083-00225046 interesting
+PIGplDY_VAy-00734-00225048-00225423 keep scanning until i find nothing more
+PIGplDY_VAy-00735-00225423-00225482 that's
+PIGplDY_VAy-00736-00225483-00225782 new oh jeez okay
+PIGplDY_VAy-00737-00225783-00226151 all right let's not fall down shall we
+PIGplDY_VAy-00738-00226152-00226598 yes yes
+PIGplDY_VAy-00739-00226600-00227006 although ow there seems to be
+PIGplDY_VAy-00740-00227007-00227519 some flatter land
+PIGplDY_VAy-00741-00227519-00227727 might as well scan this too while i'm
+PIGplDY_VAy-00742-00227728-00228271 heading down
+PIGplDY_VAy-00743-00228271-00228742 some flatter land
+PIGplDY_VAy-00744-00228744-00229310 that might have some stuff in the ocean
+PIGplDY_VAy-00745-00229311-00229863 that i can identify as well
+PIGplDY_VAy-00746-00229864-00230167 this point this is just exploration
+PIGplDY_VAy-00747-00230167-00230494 this is for my fun but what
+PIGplDY_VAy-00748-00230496-00230863 oh that's what that is okay there
+PIGplDY_VAy-00749-00230864-00231271 okay that was almost bad yeah this land
+PIGplDY_VAy-00750-00231271-00231351 is a little
+PIGplDY_VAy-00751-00231352-00231727 flatter down here that's good
+PIGplDY_VAy-00752-00231728-00232055 ow that hurt
+PIGplDY_VAy-00753-00232056-00232358 a lot
+PIGplDY_VAy-00754-00232359-00232687 all right cool where's this oh this is
+PIGplDY_VAy-00755-00232688-00232967 unidentified okay cool
+PIGplDY_VAy-00756-00232967-00233551 this is also ammonia
+PIGplDY_VAy-00757-00233552-00233998 there's that
+PIGplDY_VAy-00758-00234000-00234534 semi-liquid bulbs
+PIGplDY_VAy-00759-00234535-00234839 nesting moths
+PIGplDY_VAy-00760-00234840-00235055 that wasn't the thing i wanted this was
+PIGplDY_VAy-00761-00235056-00235263 the thing i wanted
+PIGplDY_VAy-00762-00235264-00235751 there we go
+PIGplDY_VAy-00763-00235752-00236127 interesting
+PIGplDY_VAy-00764-00236128-00236455 all right fair enough
+PIGplDY_VAy-00765-00236456-00236806 i guess grab
+PIGplDY_VAy-00766-00236807-00237246 that and this perfect
+PIGplDY_VAy-00767-00237248-00237567 and i was correct
+PIGplDY_VAy-00768-00237567-00238039 things would be in the water
+PIGplDY_VAy-00769-00238040-00238519 more interesting than what's on land
+PIGplDY_VAy-00770-00238519-00239046 possibly we'll find out
+PIGplDY_VAy-00771-00239048-00239487 cytophosphate and oxygen
+PIGplDY_VAy-00772-00239488-00240446 that's
+PIGplDY_VAy-00773-00240448-00240839 all right
+PIGplDY_VAy-00774-00240840-00241519 why is that shining
+PIGplDY_VAy-00775-00241519-00241710 why is this one shining more than the
+PIGplDY_VAy-00776-00241711-00241958 other ones
+PIGplDY_VAy-00777-00241959-00242294 weird i wonder if i
+PIGplDY_VAy-00778-00242296-00242703 mind it if anything changes oh
+PIGplDY_VAy-00779-00242704-00243263 that's why
+PIGplDY_VAy-00780-00243264-00243503 those are weird those are weird away
+PIGplDY_VAy-00781-00243504-00243710 from me with that
+PIGplDY_VAy-00782-00243711-00243919 oh get away with me with that that's
+PIGplDY_VAy-00783-00243919-00244142 weird that was weird
+PIGplDY_VAy-00784-00244144-00244510 away
+PIGplDY_VAy-00785-00244511-00244967 identified material
+PIGplDY_VAy-00786-00244967-00245639 purely salt yay
+PIGplDY_VAy-00787-00245640-00245815 purely salt is that destiny 2
+PIGplDY_VAy-00788-00245816-00246046 multiplayer no i couldn't i couldn't
+PIGplDY_VAy-00789-00246048-00246446 resist making a joke i'm sorry
+PIGplDY_VAy-00790-00246448-00246742 i make the joke because i'm also one of
+PIGplDY_VAy-00791-00246744-00247071 the ones
+PIGplDY_VAy-00792-00247071-00247882 wait i could mine the kelp sacks
+PIGplDY_VAy-00793-00247883-00248063 interesting
+PIGplDY_VAy-00794-00248064-00248334 a rubbery luminescent sack harvested
+PIGplDY_VAy-00795-00248335-00248519 from underwater candle kelp
+PIGplDY_VAy-00796-00248519-00248775 plants agricultural science has not yet
+PIGplDY_VAy-00797-00248776-00248879 tamed
+PIGplDY_VAy-00798-00248880-00249103 the candle kelp as such these sacks
+PIGplDY_VAy-00799-00249104-00249287 cannot be farmed
+PIGplDY_VAy-00800-00249288-00249510 oh out well time to get out of the
+PIGplDY_VAy-00801-00249511-00249591 water
+PIGplDY_VAy-00802-00249592-00249903 oh
+PIGplDY_VAy-00803-00249904-00250303 boy oh that would have been embarrassing
+PIGplDY_VAy-00804-00250304-00250682 if i died in the water
+PIGplDY_VAy-00805-00250683-00250958 oh some sort of
+PIGplDY_VAy-00806-00250959-00251279 really quickly swimming entity screams
+PIGplDY_VAy-00807-00251280-00251398 when upset
+PIGplDY_VAy-00808-00251400-00251758 well i mean you and about
+PIGplDY_VAy-00809-00251759-00252063 two-thirds of
+PIGplDY_VAy-00810-00252064-00252271 well i was going to say teenagers but i
+PIGplDY_VAy-00811-00252271-00252391 mean
+PIGplDY_VAy-00812-00252392-00252710 i do the same thing when i'm upset
+PIGplDY_VAy-00813-00252711-00252910 two-thirds of humanity i guess we could
+PIGplDY_VAy-00814-00252911-00253391 say that's a little more accurate
+PIGplDY_VAy-00815-00253392-00254191 here we go
+PIGplDY_VAy-00816-00254192-00254758 huh if we can't
+PIGplDY_VAy-00817-00254759-00255094 what is it what if this i don't know
+PIGplDY_VAy-00818-00255096-00255246 what it's useful for i know
+PIGplDY_VAy-00819-00255248-00255615 it can be used as extra oxygen when
+PIGplDY_VAy-00820-00255616-00255646 you're
+PIGplDY_VAy-00821-00255648-00255830 down in the water but what else could it
+PIGplDY_VAy-00822-00255831-00255998 be used for other than that
+PIGplDY_VAy-00823-00256000-00256575 crystal sulfide hello
+PIGplDY_VAy-00824-00256576-00256894 i will want some of that oh
+PIGplDY_VAy-00825-00256896-00257551 oh about to erupt
+PIGplDY_VAy-00826-00257552-00257942 okay good get that
+PIGplDY_VAy-00827-00257944-00258206 come on get the other one and i'm out of
+PIGplDY_VAy-00828-00258207-00258791 here
+PIGplDY_VAy-00829-00258792-00259023 there's a thing over here too i'm not
+PIGplDY_VAy-00830-00259023-00259206 sure what that's about
+PIGplDY_VAy-00831-00259207-00259630 submerged relic there's that
+PIGplDY_VAy-00832-00259631-00259927 oh thing over here is underneath the
+PIGplDY_VAy-00833-00259928-00260030 water
+PIGplDY_VAy-00834-00260031-00260287 underneath the soil it's in like an
+PIGplDY_VAy-00835-00260288-00260671 underwater cave or something
+PIGplDY_VAy-00836-00260671-00260894 and then there's the submerged relic
+PIGplDY_VAy-00837-00260896-00261230 here
+PIGplDY_VAy-00838-00261231-00261582 the doll core
+PIGplDY_VAy-00839-00261583-00262215 did did that
+PIGplDY_VAy-00840-00262216-00262543 that helped deal with my
+PIGplDY_VAy-00841-00262544-00262999 hazard protection grabbing that that
+PIGplDY_VAy-00842-00263000-00263455 that's interesting weird but interesting
+PIGplDY_VAy-00843-00263456-00263871 grabbing that relic
+PIGplDY_VAy-00844-00263872-00265734 but helped reset it it's really weird
+PIGplDY_VAy-00845-00265735-00266095 interesting interesting interesting okay
+PIGplDY_VAy-00846-00266096-00266655 well i did scan a lot more down here
+PIGplDY_VAy-00847-00266656-00267399 than there was on the surface
+PIGplDY_VAy-00848-00267400-00267639 interestingly high amount of stuff in
+PIGplDY_VAy-00849-00267640-00267879 fact
+PIGplDY_VAy-00850-00267880-00268110 oh and my inventory is all the way full
+PIGplDY_VAy-00851-00268111-00268279 uh oh
+PIGplDY_VAy-00852-00268280-00268495 where's my starship not close enough
+PIGplDY_VAy-00853-00268496-00268663 okay well
+PIGplDY_VAy-00854-00268664-00269087 time to bring it
+PIGplDY_VAy-00855-00269088-00269447 down here oh well first
+PIGplDY_VAy-00856-00269448-00269791 i'll scan that thing
+PIGplDY_VAy-00857-00269792-00270134 whatever that is
+PIGplDY_VAy-00858-00270135-00270495 and we will bring it down
+PIGplDY_VAy-00859-00270496-00271063 here
+PIGplDY_VAy-00860-00271064-00271382 cool
+PIGplDY_VAy-00861-00271383-00271623 and now i can throw some of my stuff in
+PIGplDY_VAy-00862-00271624-00272175 there
+PIGplDY_VAy-00863-00272176-00272647 there we go um
+PIGplDY_VAy-00864-00272648-00272999 cytophosphate
+PIGplDY_VAy-00865-00273000-00273775 that's different thing okay okay
+PIGplDY_VAy-00866-00273776-00274119 this one is buried technology okay
+PIGplDY_VAy-00867-00274120-00274510 well
+PIGplDY_VAy-00868-00274511-00274823 get some more of that what a buried cash
+PIGplDY_VAy-00869-00274824-00274919 to boot
+PIGplDY_VAy-00870-00274920-00275510 okay didn't expect that
+PIGplDY_VAy-00871-00275511-00275951 mineral record for gearing didit
+PIGplDY_VAy-00872-00275952-00276319 that's a hell of a name could process
+PIGplDY_VAy-00873-00276320-00276519 the data into nanites or sell it for a
+PIGplDY_VAy-00874-00276520-00277119 lot of units
+PIGplDY_VAy-00875-00277120-00277551 i'll just process it for units
+PIGplDY_VAy-00876-00277552-00277823 rather process it for nanites which is
+PIGplDY_VAy-00877-00277824-00278687 far more useful
+PIGplDY_VAy-00878-00278688-00279087 all right cool
+PIGplDY_VAy-00879-00279088-00279358 well we have discovered a bunch of cool
+PIGplDY_VAy-00880-00279359-00279534 stuff
+PIGplDY_VAy-00881-00279535-00279727 on this planet which is kind of what i
+PIGplDY_VAy-00882-00279728-00280071 was hoping for
+PIGplDY_VAy-00883-00280072-00280423 and well not much else i really
+PIGplDY_VAy-00884-00280424-00280734 need to do here
+PIGplDY_VAy-00885-00280735-00280910 i think i've scanned everything that i
+PIGplDY_VAy-00886-00280911-00281151 can in this little segment
+PIGplDY_VAy-00887-00281152-00281463 so i guess we'll just end the episode
+PIGplDY_VAy-00888-00281464-00281719 here for right now once i get
+PIGplDY_VAy-00889-00281720-00282023 off of this planet so thank you all so
+PIGplDY_VAy-00890-00282024-00282143 much for watching click the subscribe
+PIGplDY_VAy-00891-00282144-00282255 button if you like these videos and you
+PIGplDY_VAy-00892-00282256-00282375 want to see more click the like button
+PIGplDY_VAy-00893-00282376-00282519 if you like this particular video
+PIGplDY_VAy-00894-00282520-00282655 and sharing comments i could bring more
+PIGplDY_VAy-00895-00282656-00282791 people into this community we can talk
+PIGplDY_VAy-00896-00282792-00282910 about the games playing together and i
+PIGplDY_VAy-00897-00282911-00283095 will see you all in the next episode
+PIGplDY_VAy-00898-00283096-00283279 it's been the one the only stray cat
+PIGplDY_VAy-00899-00283280-00283406 playing games and
+PIGplDY_VAy-00900-00283407-00283719 kind of surfing around now that we know
+PIGplDY_VAy-00901-00283720-00283839 that apollo can't be
+PIGplDY_VAy-00902-00283840-00284158 reached apparently rather uh artemis
+PIGplDY_VAy-00903-00284159-00284279 can't be reached we're gonna
+PIGplDY_VAy-00904-00284280-00284510 get some help from apollo that's what i
+PIGplDY_VAy-00905-00284511-00284663 meant to say
+PIGplDY_VAy-00906-00284664-00285071 but um not quite sure how that'll work
+PIGplDY_VAy-00907-00285072-00285110 out
+PIGplDY_VAy-00908-00285111-00285430 the guy seems to focus more on
+PIGplDY_VAy-00909-00285431-00285799 money than people so we'll have to see
+PIGplDY_VAy-00910-00285800-00285895 how that goes
+PIGplDY_VAy-00911-00285896-00286079 but in the meantime we'll just collect
+PIGplDY_VAy-00912-00286080-00286287 as much as we can
+PIGplDY_VAy-00913-00286288-00286615 to be further useful in the future
+PIGplDY_VAy-00914-00286616-00287023 whether that's money or nights or what
+PIGplDY_VAy-00915-00287024-00287119 have you
+PIGplDY_VAy-00916-00287120-00287391 to get us going further remains to be
+PIGplDY_VAy-00917-00287392-00287430 seen
+PIGplDY_VAy-00918-00287431-00287606 i noticed fungal mold over there and i'm
+PIGplDY_VAy-00919-00287607-00287815 gonna go collect that off camera
+PIGplDY_VAy-00920-00287816-00288183 for you
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00000-00000304-00000511 hello everyone welcome back to my
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00001-00000512-00000623 channel
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00002-00000624-00000862 so guys this is
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00003-00000863-00000958 a
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00004-00000959-00001447 casual video and a fun video so i
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00005-00001448-00001855 think you will like it
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00006-00001855-00002207 so guys in grade one
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00007-00002208-00002455 i studied about
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00008-00002456-00002607 family
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00009-00002608-00002767 so farming
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00010-00002768-00003126 families like your relatives who
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00011-00003127-00003359 who you know about
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00012-00003360-00003767 like grandparents auntie
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00013-00003768-00004095 aunties uncles
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00014-00004096-00004351 and so many other ones
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00015-00004352-00004527 apparently
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00016-00004528-00004638 so in
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00017-00004639-00005063 in india i am surrounded with so many
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00018-00005064-00005295 mamas so many more
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00019-00005296-00005431 and
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00020-00005432-00005606 also but
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00021-00005607-00005711 i
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00022-00005712-00006222 i first time i met my character
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00023-00006223-00006422 then i was saying that
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00024-00006423-00006703 i don't have a choice
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00025-00006704-00006967 i have everything though i have my
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00026-00006968-00007129 grandparents
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00027-00007130-00007983 [Music]
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00028-00007984-00008883 um
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00029-00008884-00009614 [Music]
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00030-00009615-00009967 because he doesn't stay in india he
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00031-00009968-00010391 stays in usa another country
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00032-00010392-00010478 so
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00033-00010479-00010942 i i felt so so so nice that i
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00034-00010943-00011278 finally married chacha
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00035-00011279-00011478 and he was very
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00036-00011479-00011646 friendly and
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00037-00011647-00011959 playful and i've played some
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00038-00011960-00012255 old games with shane
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00039-00012256-00012599 with my cha-cha there was
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00040-00012600-00013007 atari
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00041-00013008-00013343 and she looks so identical
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00042-00013344-00013511 to my daddy
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00043-00013512-00013607 do you
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00044-00013608-00013903 guys i don't think you know because my
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00045-00013904-00014079 daddy
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00046-00014080-00014481 passed
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00047-00014482-00016822 [Music]
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00048-00016823-00018094 look the same
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00049-00018095-00018199 oh
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00050-00018200-00018535 that's why they are looking so much
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00051-00018536-00018655 alike
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00052-00018656-00019150 so i started talking to my cha-chu
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00053-00019151-00019191 and
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00054-00019192-00019430 [Music]
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00055-00019431-00019822 today i made a video with my chat too
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00056-00019823-00019903 and
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00057-00019904-00019999 my
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00058-00020000-00020127 my
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00059-00020128-00020358 name my room
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00060-00020359-00020639 so guys i will connect
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00061-00020640-00020863 back with you with
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00062-00020864-00021130 this video so it will be in a
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00063-00021131-00021494 continuation so guys i will hope you
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00064-00021495-00021791 like me and my cha cha
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00065-00021792-00022119 chi chat thing and i hope
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00066-00022120-00022447 i need my cha chi soo and they have a
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00067-00022448-00022791 daughter her name is anya
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00068-00022792-00023239 and guys she is my sister so i i hope i
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00069-00023240-00023583 can meet her soon so guys you know what
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00070-00023584-00024350 you have to do after watching the video
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00071-00024351-00024494 [Music]
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00072-00024495-00024935 like share and subscribe for now and bye
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00073-00024936-00025039 bye
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00074-00025040-00025278 bye doesn't mean that you will
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00075-00025279-00026046 close
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00076-00026047-00026287 hello everyone welcome back to my
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00077-00026288-00026574 channel so guys today we are doing
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00078-00026575-00026870 something new not a full video not a
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00079-00026872-00027111 craft video not
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00080-00027112-00027255 anything
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00081-00027256-00027551 but today i'm going to
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00082-00027552-00028039 introduce you to my chapter
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00083-00028039-00028351 hi everyone i'm glad to be on our
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00084-00028352-00028631 channel she's a very very talented girl
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00085-00028632-00029031 and we are going to do 10 questions and
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00086-00029032-00029262 he has to guess
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00087-00029263-00030631 my favorite color and
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00088-00030632-00030839 so first tell me what's my favorite
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00089-00030839-00030999 color
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00090-00031000-00031127 let's see
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00091-00031127-00031470 pink yes
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00092-00031472-00033111 purple yes
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00093-00033112-00033390 it's red
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00094-00033391-00033711 good and what's my favorite
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00095-00033712-00034046 see food can't be chicken
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00096-00034047-00034697 it can be like you italian
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00097-00034698-00035167 [Music]
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00098-00035168-00035302 you dosa like you look like an
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00099-00035303-00035599 intelligent girl who thinks a lot maybe
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00100-00035600-00035767 max
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00101-00035768-00036015 what that's already question number
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00102-00036016-00036359 three you've got to come back oh yeah
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00103-00036360-00036559 all right so what's my favorite sports
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00104-00036560-00036823 this is the tough one
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00105-00036824-00037023 can you give me one clue
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00106-00037024-00037367 it starts with s
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00107-00037368-00037702 i think swimming
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00108-00037703-00038385 i love swimming
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00109-00038386-00039183 [Music]
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00110-00039184-00039574 that's a tough one
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00111-00039575-00039774 one more thing
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00112-00039775-00040151 oh wait wait do you like to color
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00113-00040152-00040230 no
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00114-00040231-00040383 cartoons
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00115-00040384-00040910 oh do you like to watch tv yes you are
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00116-00040911-00041887 [Music]
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00117-00041888-00042023 no
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00118-00042024-00042239 no we don't jump in the house
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00119-00042240-00042967 never jump in the house it's dangerous
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00120-00042968-00043390 okay
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00121-00043391-00043535 you're running out of questions about
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00122-00043536-00043967 yourself i know
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00123-00043968-00044255 so guys i want to introduce
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00124-00044256-00044367 one more
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00125-00044368-00044479 person
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00126-00044480-00044687 meet my daddy
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00127-00044688-00045223 hi
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00128-00045224-00045639 so now i'm going to guess my statue's
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00129-00045640-00045871 favorite things
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00130-00045872-00046039 go on
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00131-00046040-00046911 what do i like to eat a lot
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00132-00046912-00047023 okay
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00133-00047024-00047302 what's my favorite color
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00134-00047303-00047615 uh no i can give you one clue
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00135-00047616-00048007 it's one of your favorite color
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00136-00048008-00048262 oh my god she is intelligent very
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00137-00048263-00048439 intelligent
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00138-00048440-00048751 okay what's next
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00139-00048752-00049075 it's yours
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00140-00049076-00050518 [Music]
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00141-00050519-00050774 it starts with a t
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00142-00050775-00050918 oh my god
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00143-00050919-00051246 she's a rapid fire queen
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00144-00051247-00051446 okay what was your fourth question okay
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00145-00051447-00051630 which subject do you like well i'm not
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00146-00051632-00051790 in school anymore
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00147-00051791-00051982 but
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00148-00051983-00052942 guess which subject i used to like
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00149-00052944-00053103 we already have the answers figured out
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00150-00053104-00053527 and the clues figured out
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00151-00053528-00054542 [Applause]
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00152-00054544-00054726 what do i like to do in my free time i
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00153-00054727-00054950 like to play with my daughter
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00154-00054951-00055254 her name is anya and i will make her
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00155-00055255-00055599 meet you very soon
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00156-00055600-00055735 okay
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00157-00055736-00055966 so
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00158-00055967-00056335 guys did you enjoy my video so guys like
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00159-00056336-00056807 share and subscribe for ours bye
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00160-00056808-00057047 and say bye to my channel
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00161-00057048-00057294 so bye everyone i totally enjoyed being
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00162-00057295-00057423 on this channel
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00163-00057424-00057799 like and subscribe and share this video
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00164-00057800-00058150 and say bye to my daddy also
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00165-00058151-00058479 [Music]
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00166-00058479-00058735 like share and subscribe
+PMxSwpeV3qy-00167-00058736-00059036 bye
+PMbXwRTkun8-00000-00000058-00000323 dementia is a broad category of brain
+PMbXwRTkun8-00001-00000324-00000508 diseases that cause a long-term and
+PMbXwRTkun8-00002-00000509-00000725 often gradual decrease in the ability to
+PMbXwRTkun8-00003-00000726-00000908 think and remember that is severe enough
+PMbXwRTkun8-00004-00000909-00001151 to affect a person's daily functioning
+PMbXwRTkun8-00005-00001152-00001460 other common symptoms include emotional
+PMbXwRTkun8-00006-00001461-00001700 problems difficulties with language and
+PMbXwRTkun8-00007-00001701-00002005 a decrease in motivation a person's
+PMbXwRTkun8-00008-00002007-00002246 consciousness is usually not affected a
+PMbXwRTkun8-00009-00002247-00002507 dementia diagnosis requires a change
+PMbXwRTkun8-00010-00002508-00002734 from a person's usual mental functioning
+PMbXwRTkun8-00011-00002735-00002897 and a greater decline than one would
+PMbXwRTkun8-00012-00002898-00003211 expect due to aging these diseases also
+PMbXwRTkun8-00013-00003212-00003439 have a significant effect on a person's
+PMbXwRTkun8-00014-00003440-00003631 caregivers the most common type of
+PMbXwRTkun8-00015-00003632-00003871 dementia is Alzheimer's disease which
+PMbXwRTkun8-00016-00003872-00004273 makes up 50% to 70% of cases other
+PMbXwRTkun8-00017-00004274-00004566 common types include vascular dementia
+PMbXwRTkun8-00018-00004567-00004975 25% dementia with Lewy bodies 15% and
+PMbXwRTkun8-00019-00004976-00005281 frontotemporal dementia less common
+PMbXwRTkun8-00020-00005282-00005446 causes include normal pressure
+PMbXwRTkun8-00021-00005447-00005677 hydrocephalus Parkinson's disease
+PMbXwRTkun8-00022-00005678-00005935 dementia syphilis HIV and
+PMbXwRTkun8-00023-00005936-00006259 creutzfeldt-jakob disease more than one
+PMbXwRTkun8-00024-00006260-00006470 type of dementia may exist in the same
+PMbXwRTkun8-00025-00006470-00006797 person a small proportion of cases run
+PMbXwRTkun8-00026-00006798-00007151 in families in the dsm-5 dementia was
+PMbXwRTkun8-00027-00007152-00007309 reclassified as a neurocognitive
+PMbXwRTkun8-00028-00007311-00007541 disorder with various degrees of
+PMbXwRTkun8-00029-00007542-00007892 severity diagnosis is usually based on
+PMbXwRTkun8-00030-00007893-00008084 history of the illness and cognitive
+PMbXwRTkun8-00031-00008084-00008276 testing with medical imaging and blood
+PMbXwRTkun8-00032-00008277-00008492 tests used to rule out other possible
+PMbXwRTkun8-00033-00008493-00008749 causes the mini-mental State Examination
+PMbXwRTkun8-00034-00008750-00009064 is one commonly used cognitive test
+PMbXwRTkun8-00035-00009065-00009311 efforts to prevent dementia include
+PMbXwRTkun8-00036-00009312-00009518 trying to decrease risk factors such as
+PMbXwRTkun8-00037-00009519-00009833 high blood pressure smoking diabetes and
+PMbXwRTkun8-00038-00009834-00010175 obesity screening the general population
+PMbXwRTkun8-00039-00010176-00010325 for the disorder is not recommended
+PMbXwRTkun8-00040-00010326-00010588 there is no known cure for dementia
+PMbXwRTkun8-00041-00010589-00010864 cholinesterase inhibitors such as Donna
+PMbXwRTkun8-00042-00010865-00011024 pizzelle are often used and may be
+PMbXwRTkun8-00043-00011025-00011293 beneficial in mild to moderate disorder
+PMbXwRTkun8-00044-00011294-00011621 overall benefit however may be minor
+PMbXwRTkun8-00045-00011622-00011839 there are many measures that can improve
+PMbXwRTkun8-00046-00011840-00012020 the quality of life of people with
+PMbXwRTkun8-00047-00012021-00012317 dementia and their caregivers cognitive
+PMbXwRTkun8-00048-00012318-00012491 and behavioral interventions may be
+PMbXwRTkun8-00049-00012492-00012731 appropriate educating and providing
+PMbXwRTkun8-00050-00012732-00012967 emotional support to the caregiver as
+PMbXwRTkun8-00051-00012968-00013231 important exercise programs may be
+PMbXwRTkun8-00052-00013232-00013415 beneficial with respect to act
+PMbXwRTkun8-00053-00013416-00013625 tivities of daily living and potentially
+PMbXwRTkun8-00054-00013626-00013946 improve outcomes treatment of behavioral
+PMbXwRTkun8-00055-00013947-00014180 problems with antipsychotics is common
+PMbXwRTkun8-00056-00014181-00014405 but not usually recommended due to the
+PMbXwRTkun8-00057-00014406-00014606 limited benefit and the side effects
+PMbXwRTkun8-00058-00014607-00014822 including an increased risk of death
+PMbXwRTkun8-00059-00014822-00015088 globally dementia affected about 46
+PMbXwRTkun8-00060-00015090-00015488 million people in 2015 about 10% of
+PMbXwRTkun8-00061-00015488-00015680 people develop the disorder at some
+PMbXwRTkun8-00062-00015681-00015803 point in their lives
+PMbXwRTkun8-00063-00015804-00016190 it becomes more common with age about 3%
+PMbXwRTkun8-00064-00016191-00016529 of people between the ages of 65 to 74
+PMbXwRTkun8-00065-00016530-00016958 have dementia 19% between 75 and 84 and
+PMbXwRTkun8-00066-00016959-00017204 nearly half of those over 85 years of
+PMbXwRTkun8-00067-00017205-00017582 age in 2013 dementia resulted in about
+PMbXwRTkun8-00068-00017583-00017885 1.7 million deaths up from zero point
+PMbXwRTkun8-00069-00017886-00018251 eight million in 1990 as more people are
+PMbXwRTkun8-00070-00018252-00018473 living longer dementia is becoming more
+PMbXwRTkun8-00071-00018474-00018770 common in the population as a whole for
+PMbXwRTkun8-00072-00018771-00019040 people of a specific age however it may
+PMbXwRTkun8-00073-00019041-00019262 be becoming less frequent at least in
+PMbXwRTkun8-00074-00019263-00019469 the developed world due to a decrease in
+PMbXwRTkun8-00075-00019470-00019763 risk factors it is one of the most
+PMbXwRTkun8-00076-00019764-00019994 common causes of disability among the
+PMbXwRTkun8-00077-00019995-00020267 old it is believed to result in economic
+PMbXwRTkun8-00078-00020268-00020552 costs of six hundred four billion United
+PMbXwRTkun8-00079-00020553-00020813 States dollars a year people with
+PMbXwRTkun8-00080-00020814-00020993 dementia are often physically or
+PMbXwRTkun8-00081-00020994-00021155 chemically restrained to a greater
+PMbXwRTkun8-00082-00021156-00021401 degree than necessary raising issues of
+PMbXwRTkun8-00083-00021402-00021728 human rights social stigma against those
+PMbXwRTkun8-00084-00021729-00022330 affected as common
+PMbXwRTkun8-00085-00022331-00022940 topic signs and symptoms
+PMbXwRTkun8-00086-00022941-00023180 the symptoms of dementia vary across
+PMbXwRTkun8-00087-00023181-00023510 types and stages of the diagnosis the
+PMbXwRTkun8-00088-00023511-00023723 most common affected areas include
+PMbXwRTkun8-00089-00023724-00024044 memory visual spatial language attention
+PMbXwRTkun8-00090-00024045-00024320 and problem-solving most types of
+PMbXwRTkun8-00091-00024321-00024566 dementia are slow and progressive by the
+PMbXwRTkun8-00092-00024567-00024752 time the person shows signs of the
+PMbXwRTkun8-00093-00024753-00024974 disorder the process in the brain has
+PMbXwRTkun8-00094-00024975-00025244 been happening for a long time it is
+PMbXwRTkun8-00095-00025245-00025466 possible for a patient to have two types
+PMbXwRTkun8-00096-00025467-00025808 of dementia at the same time about 10%
+PMbXwRTkun8-00097-00025808-00025982 of people with dementia have what is
+PMbXwRTkun8-00098-00025983-00026222 known as mixed dementia which is usually
+PMbXwRTkun8-00099-00026223-00026426 a combination of Alzheimer's disease and
+PMbXwRTkun8-00100-00026427-00026606 another type of dementia such as
+PMbXwRTkun8-00101-00026607-00026825 frontotemporal dementia or vascular
+PMbXwRTkun8-00102-00026826-00027058 dementia neuropsychiatric symptoms that
+PMbXwRTkun8-00103-00027060-00027269 may be present are termed behavioral and
+PMbXwRTkun8-00104-00027270-00027494 psychological symptoms of dementia be
+PMbXwRTkun8-00105-00027495-00027839 PSD and these can include balance
+PMbXwRTkun8-00106-00027839-00028262 problems tremor speech and language
+PMbXwRTkun8-00107-00028263-00028672 difficulty trouble eating or swallowing
+PMbXwRTkun8-00108-00028673-00028937 memory distortions believing that a
+PMbXwRTkun8-00109-00028938-00029144 memory has already happened when it has
+PMbXwRTkun8-00110-00029145-00029354 not thinking an old memory as a new one
+PMbXwRTkun8-00111-00029355-00029612 combining two memories are confusing the
+PMbXwRTkun8-00112-00029613-00029897 people in a memory wandering or
+PMbXwRTkun8-00113-00029898-00030202 restlessness perception and visual
+PMbXwRTkun8-00114-00030204-00030482 problems behavioral and psychological
+PMbXwRTkun8-00115-00030483-00030776 symptoms of dementia almost always occur
+PMbXwRTkun8-00116-00030777-00030952 in all types of dementia and may
+PMbXwRTkun8-00117-00030954-00031552 manifest as agitation depression anxiety
+PMbXwRTkun8-00118-00031552-00031972 abnormal motor behavior elated mood
+PMbXwRTkun8-00119-00031973-00032243 irritability
+PMbXwRTkun8-00120-00032244-00032662 apathy disinhibition and impulsivity
+PMbXwRTkun8-00121-00032663-00032924 delusions often believing people are
+PMbXwRTkun8-00122-00032925-00033185 stealing from them or hallucinations
+PMbXwRTkun8-00123-00033186-00033501 changes in sleep or appetite when people
+PMbXwRTkun8-00124-00033502-00033707 with dementia are put in circumstances
+PMbXwRTkun8-00125-00033708-00033890 beyond their abilities there may be a
+PMbXwRTkun8-00126-00033891-00034104 sudden change to crying or anger a
+PMbXwRTkun8-00127-00034105-00034511 catastrophic reaction psychosis often
+PMbXwRTkun8-00128-00034512-00034748 delusions of persecution and agitation
+PMbXwRTkun8-00129-00034749-00035513 aggression also often accompany dementia
+PMbXwRTkun8-00130-00035514-00036142 topic mild cognitive impairment
+PMbXwRTkun8-00131-00036143-00036394 in the first stages of dementia the
+PMbXwRTkun8-00132-00036395-00036586 signs and symptoms of the disorder may
+PMbXwRTkun8-00133-00036587-00036877 be subtle often the early signs of
+PMbXwRTkun8-00134-00036878-00037057 dementia only become apparent when
+PMbXwRTkun8-00135-00037058-00037366 looking back in time the earliest stage
+PMbXwRTkun8-00136-00037367-00037546 of dementia is called mild cognitive
+PMbXwRTkun8-00137-00037547-00037942 impairment MCI 70% of those diagnosed
+PMbXwRTkun8-00138-00037943-00038207 with MCI progress to dementia at some
+PMbXwRTkun8-00139-00038208-00038566 point in MCI changes in the person's
+PMbXwRTkun8-00140-00038567-00038732 brain have been happening for a long
+PMbXwRTkun8-00141-00038733-00038890 time but the symptoms of the disorder
+PMbXwRTkun8-00142-00038891-00039157 are just beginning to show these
+PMbXwRTkun8-00143-00039158-00039410 problems however are not yet severe
+PMbXwRTkun8-00144-00039411-00039577 enough to affect the person's daily
+PMbXwRTkun8-00145-00039578-00039898 function if they do it is considered
+PMbXwRTkun8-00146-00039899-00040174 dementia a person with MCI scores
+PMbXwRTkun8-00147-00040175-00040426 between 27 and 30 on the mini-mental
+PMbXwRTkun8-00148-00040427-00040762 State Examination MMSE which is a normal
+PMbXwRTkun8-00149-00040763-00041050 score they may have some memory trouble
+PMbXwRTkun8-00150-00041051-00041260 and trouble finding words but they solve
+PMbXwRTkun8-00151-00041261-00041458 everyday problems and handle their own
+PMbXwRTkun8-00152-00041459-00041650 life affair as well
+PMbXwRTkun8-00153-00041651-00042056 you
+PMbXwRTkun8-00154-00042057-00042615 topic early stages
+PMbXwRTkun8-00155-00042616-00042855 in the early stage of dementia the
+PMbXwRTkun8-00156-00042856-00043008 person begins to show symptoms
+PMbXwRTkun8-00157-00043009-00043255 noticeable to the people around them in
+PMbXwRTkun8-00158-00043256-00043542 addition the symptoms begin to interfere
+PMbXwRTkun8-00159-00043543-00043807 with daily activities the person usually
+PMbXwRTkun8-00160-00043808-00044158 scores between a 20 and 25 on the MMSE
+PMbXwRTkun8-00161-00044159-00044424 the symptoms are dependent on the type
+PMbXwRTkun8-00162-00044425-00044748 of dementia a person has the person may
+PMbXwRTkun8-00163-00044749-00044917 begin to have difficulty with more
+PMbXwRTkun8-00164-00044918-00045133 complicated chores and tasks around the
+PMbXwRTkun8-00165-00045134-00045462 house or at work the person can usually
+PMbXwRTkun8-00166-00045463-00045679 still take care of him or herself but
+PMbXwRTkun8-00167-00045680-00045883 may forget things like taking pills or
+PMbXwRTkun8-00168-00045884-00046077 doing laundry and may need prompting or
+PMbXwRTkun8-00169-00046078-00046293 reminders the symptoms of early dementia
+PMbXwRTkun8-00170-00046294-00046558 usually include memory difficulty but
+PMbXwRTkun8-00171-00046559-00046740 can also include some word finding
+PMbXwRTkun8-00172-00046741-00046971 problems anomia and problems with
+PMbXwRTkun8-00173-00046972-00047158 planning and organizational skills
+PMbXwRTkun8-00174-00047159-00047499 executive function one very good way of
+PMbXwRTkun8-00175-00047500-00047710 assessing a person's impairment as by
+PMbXwRTkun8-00176-00047711-00047914 asking if they are still able to handle
+PMbXwRTkun8-00177-00047915-00048201 their finances independently this is
+PMbXwRTkun8-00178-00048202-00048385 often one of the first things to become
+PMbXwRTkun8-00179-00048386-00048676 problematic other signs might be getting
+PMbXwRTkun8-00180-00048677-00048899 lost in new places repeating things
+PMbXwRTkun8-00181-00048900-00049146 personality changes social withdrawal
+PMbXwRTkun8-00182-00049147-00049530 and difficulties at work when evaluating
+PMbXwRTkun8-00183-00049531-00049755 a person for dementia it is important to
+PMbXwRTkun8-00184-00049756-00049945 consider how the person was able to
+PMbXwRTkun8-00185-00049946-00050257 function five or ten years earlier it is
+PMbXwRTkun8-00186-00050258-00050470 also important to consider a person's
+PMbXwRTkun8-00187-00050471-00050686 level of education when assessing for
+PMbXwRTkun8-00188-00050687-00050958 loss of function for example an
+PMbXwRTkun8-00189-00050959-00051160 accountant who can no longer balance a
+PMbXwRTkun8-00190-00051161-00051325 checkbook would be more concerning than
+PMbXwRTkun8-00191-00051326-00051507 a person who had not finished high
+PMbXwRTkun8-00192-00051508-00051681 school or had never taken care of
+PMbXwRTkun8-00193-00051682-00051933 his/her own finances in Alzheimer's
+PMbXwRTkun8-00194-00051934-00052116 dementia the most prominent early
+PMbXwRTkun8-00195-00052117-00052395 symptom as memory difficulty others
+PMbXwRTkun8-00196-00052396-00052600 include word finding problems and
+PMbXwRTkun8-00197-00052601-00052834 getting lost in other types of dementia
+PMbXwRTkun8-00198-00052835-00053071 like dementia with Lewy bodies in front
+PMbXwRTkun8-00199-00053072-00053355 o temporal dementia personality changes
+PMbXwRTkun8-00200-00053357-00053541 and difficulty with organization and
+PMbXwRTkun8-00201-00053542-00053810 planning may be the first signs
+PMbXwRTkun8-00202-00053811-00054216 you
+PMbXwRTkun8-00203-00054217-00054775 topic middle stages
+PMbXwRTkun8-00204-00054776-00055039 as dementia progresses the symptoms
+PMbXwRTkun8-00205-00055040-00055264 first experienced in the early stages of
+PMbXwRTkun8-00206-00055265-00055558 the dementia generally worsen the rate
+PMbXwRTkun8-00207-00055559-00055783 of decline is different for each person
+PMbXwRTkun8-00208-00055784-00056026 a person with moderate dementia scores
+PMbXwRTkun8-00209-00056027-00056470 between 6 to 17 on the MMSE for example
+PMbXwRTkun8-00210-00056471-00056683 people with Alzheimer's dementia in the
+PMbXwRTkun8-00211-00056684-00056908 moderate stages lose almost all new
+PMbXwRTkun8-00212-00056909-00057199 information very quickly people with
+PMbXwRTkun8-00213-00057200-00057403 dementia may be severely impaired in
+PMbXwRTkun8-00214-00057404-00057577 solving problems and their social
+PMbXwRTkun8-00215-00057578-00057913 judgment is usually also impaired they
+PMbXwRTkun8-00216-00057914-00058129 cannot usually function outside their
+PMbXwRTkun8-00217-00058129-00058327 own home and generally should not be
+PMbXwRTkun8-00218-00058328-00058617 left alone they may be able to do simple
+PMbXwRTkun8-00219-00058619-00058813 chores around the house but not much
+PMbXwRTkun8-00220-00058814-00059047 else and begin to require assistance for
+PMbXwRTkun8-00221-00059048-00059236 personal care and hygiene other than
+PMbXwRTkun8-00222-00059237-00059833 simple reminders
+PMbXwRTkun8-00223-00059834-00060383 topic late stages
+PMbXwRTkun8-00224-00060384-00060569 people with late stage dementia
+PMbXwRTkun8-00225-00060570-00060826 typically turn increasingly inward and
+PMbXwRTkun8-00226-00060827-00060998 need assistance with most or all of
+PMbXwRTkun8-00227-00060999-00061259 their personal care persons with
+PMbXwRTkun8-00228-00061260-00061492 dementia in the late stages usually need
+PMbXwRTkun8-00229-00061494-00061763 24-hour supervision to ensure personal
+PMbXwRTkun8-00230-00061764-00061994 safety as well as to ensure that basic
+PMbXwRTkun8-00231-00061995-00062300 needs are being met if left unsupervised
+PMbXwRTkun8-00232-00062301-00062542 a person with late stage dementia may
+PMbXwRTkun8-00233-00062544-00062791 wander or fall may not recognize common
+PMbXwRTkun8-00234-00062792-00063011 dangers around them such as a hot stove
+PMbXwRTkun8-00235-00063012-00063209 may not realize that they need to use
+PMbXwRTkun8-00236-00063210-00063437 the bathroom or become unable to control
+PMbXwRTkun8-00237-00063438-00063644 their bladder or bowels incontinent
+PMbXwRTkun8-00238-00063645-00063907 changes in eating frequently occur
+PMbXwRTkun8-00239-00063908-00064124 caregivers of people with late stage
+PMbXwRTkun8-00240-00064125-00064366 dementia often provide pureed diets
+PMbXwRTkun8-00241-00064367-00064586 thickened liquids and assistance in
+PMbXwRTkun8-00242-00064587-00064799 eating to prolong their lives to cause
+PMbXwRTkun8-00243-00064800-00064997 them to gain weight to reduce the risk
+PMbXwRTkun8-00244-00064998-00065174 of choking and to make feeding the
+PMbXwRTkun8-00245-00065175-00065489 person easier the person's appetite may
+PMbXwRTkun8-00246-00065490-00065636 decline to the point that the person
+PMbXwRTkun8-00247-00065637-00065932 does not want to eat at all they may not
+PMbXwRTkun8-00248-00065933-00066128 want to get out of bed or may need
+PMbXwRTkun8-00249-00066129-00066425 complete assistance doing so commonly
+PMbXwRTkun8-00250-00066426-00066698 the person no longer recognizes familiar
+PMbXwRTkun8-00251-00066699-00066962 people they may have significant changes
+PMbXwRTkun8-00252-00066963-00067145 in sleeping habits or have trouble
+PMbXwRTkun8-00253-00067146-00067336 sleeping at all
+PMbXwRTkun8-00254-00067337-00067769 you
+PMbXwRTkun8-00255-00067770-00068315 topic causes
+PMbXwRTkun8-00256-00068316-00068650 you
+PMbXwRTkun8-00257-00068651-00069249 topic reversible causes
+PMbXwRTkun8-00258-00069250-00069513 causes of easily reversible dementia
+PMbXwRTkun8-00259-00069514-00069801 include hypothyroidism vitamin b12
+PMbXwRTkun8-00260-00069802-00069993 deficiency Lyme disease and
+PMbXwRTkun8-00261-00069994-00070296 neurosyphilis all people with memory
+PMbXwRTkun8-00262-00070297-00070458 difficulty should be checked for
+PMbXwRTkun8-00263-00070459-00070827 hypothyroidism and b12 deficiency for
+PMbXwRTkun8-00264-00070828-00071019 Lyme disease and neurosyphilis
+PMbXwRTkun8-00265-00071020-00071202 testing should be done if there are risk
+PMbXwRTkun8-00266-00071203-00071441 factors for those diseases in the person
+PMbXwRTkun8-00267-00071442-00071694 because risk factors are often difficult
+PMbXwRTkun8-00268-00071695-00071922 to determine testing for neurosyphilis
+PMbXwRTkun8-00269-00071923-00072132 and lyme disease as well as other
+PMbXwRTkun8-00270-00072133-00072375 mentioned factors may be undertaken as a
+PMbXwRTkun8-00271-00072376-00072618 matter of course in cases where dementia
+PMbXwRTkun8-00272-00072619-00072930 is suspected hearing loss may also be
+PMbXwRTkun8-00273-00072931-00073158 associated with dementia there is
+PMbXwRTkun8-00274-00073159-00073359 tentative evidence that hearing aids may
+PMbXwRTkun8-00275-00073360-00073912 have some benefit
+PMbXwRTkun8-00276-00073913-00074519 topic Alzheimer's disease
+PMbXwRTkun8-00277-00074520-00074830 Alzheimer's disease accounts for 50% to
+PMbXwRTkun8-00278-00074831-00075213 70% of cases of dementia the most common
+PMbXwRTkun8-00279-00075214-00075406 symptoms of Alzheimer's disease are
+PMbXwRTkun8-00280-00075407-00075628 short-term memory loss and word finding
+PMbXwRTkun8-00281-00075629-00075916 difficulties people with Alzheimer's
+PMbXwRTkun8-00282-00075917-00076129 disease also have trouble with visual
+PMbXwRTkun8-00283-00076130-00076384 spatial areas for example they may begin
+PMbXwRTkun8-00284-00076385-00076674 to get lost often reasoning judgment and
+PMbXwRTkun8-00285-00076675-00077011 insight insight refers to whether or not
+PMbXwRTkun8-00286-00077012-00077212 the person realizes they have memory
+PMbXwRTkun8-00287-00077213-00077542 problems common early symptoms of
+PMbXwRTkun8-00288-00077543-00077775 Alzheimer's include repetition getting
+PMbXwRTkun8-00289-00077776-00078018 lost difficulties keeping track of bills
+PMbXwRTkun8-00290-00078019-00078271 problems with cooking especially new or
+PMbXwRTkun8-00291-00078272-00078480 complicated meals forgetting to take
+PMbXwRTkun8-00292-00078481-00078853 medication and word finding problems the
+PMbXwRTkun8-00293-00078854-00079018 part of the brain most affected by
+PMbXwRTkun8-00294-00079019-00079318 Alzheimer's as the hippocampus other
+PMbXwRTkun8-00295-00079319-00079516 parts of the brain that show shrinking
+PMbXwRTkun8-00296-00079517-00079723 atrophy include the temporal and
+PMbXwRTkun8-00297-00079724-00080007 parietal lobes although this pattern
+PMbXwRTkun8-00298-00080008-00080260 suggests Alzheimer's the brain shrinkage
+PMbXwRTkun8-00299-00080261-00080491 in Alzheimer's disease is very variable
+PMbXwRTkun8-00300-00080492-00080706 and a scan of the brain cannot actually
+PMbXwRTkun8-00301-00080707-00081043 make the diagnosis the relationship
+PMbXwRTkun8-00302-00081044-00081304 between undergoing anesthesia and AD is
+PMbXwRTkun8-00303-00081305-00081471 unclear
+PMbXwRTkun8-00304-00081472-00081820 you
+PMbXwRTkun8-00305-00081821-00082397 topic vascular dementia
+PMbXwRTkun8-00306-00082398-00082640 vascular dementia is the cause of at
+PMbXwRTkun8-00307-00082641-00082937 least 20% of dementia cases making it
+PMbXwRTkun8-00308-00082938-00083134 the second most common cause of dementia
+PMbXwRTkun8-00309-00083135-00083438 it is caused by disease or injury
+PMbXwRTkun8-00310-00083439-00083605 affecting the blood supply to the brain
+PMbXwRTkun8-00311-00083606-00083852 typically involving a series of minor
+PMbXwRTkun8-00312-00083853-00084152 strokes the symptoms of this dementia
+PMbXwRTkun8-00313-00084153-00084341 depend on where in the brain the strokes
+PMbXwRTkun8-00314-00084342-00084497 have occurred and whether the vessels
+PMbXwRTkun8-00315-00084498-00084812 are large or small multiple injuries can
+PMbXwRTkun8-00316-00084813-00085004 cause progressive dementia over time
+PMbXwRTkun8-00317-00085005-00085238 while a single injury located in an area
+PMbXwRTkun8-00318-00085239-00085520 critical for cognition ie hippocampus
+PMbXwRTkun8-00319-00085521-00085772 thalamus can lead to sudden cognitive
+PMbXwRTkun8-00320-00085773-00086030 decline on scans of the brain a person
+PMbXwRTkun8-00321-00086031-00086222 with vascular dementia may show evidence
+PMbXwRTkun8-00322-00086223-00086435 of multiple strokes of different sizes
+PMbXwRTkun8-00323-00086436-00086735 in various locations people with
+PMbXwRTkun8-00324-00086736-00086924 vascular dementia tend to have risk
+PMbXwRTkun8-00325-00086925-00087134 factors for disease of the blood vessels
+PMbXwRTkun8-00326-00087135-00087389 such as tobacco use high blood pressure
+PMbXwRTkun8-00327-00087390-00087662 atrial fibrillation high cholesterol or
+PMbXwRTkun8-00328-00087663-00087920 diabetes or other signs of vascular
+PMbXwRTkun8-00329-00087921-00088127 disease such as a previous heart attack
+PMbXwRTkun8-00330-00088128-00088360 or angina
+PMbXwRTkun8-00331-00088361-00088706 you
+PMbXwRTkun8-00332-00088707-00089338 topic dementia with Lewy bodies
+PMbXwRTkun8-00333-00089339-00089656 dementia with Lewy bodies dlb is a
+PMbXwRTkun8-00334-00089657-00089887 dementia that has the primary symptoms
+PMbXwRTkun8-00335-00089888-00090069 of visual hallucinations and
+PMbXwRTkun8-00336-00090070-00090246 parkinsonism
+PMbXwRTkun8-00337-00090247-00090450 parkinsonism as the symptoms of
+PMbXwRTkun8-00338-00090451-00090646 Parkinson's disease which includes
+PMbXwRTkun8-00339-00090647-00090892 tremor rigid muscles and a face without
+PMbXwRTkun8-00340-00090893-00091279 emotion the visual hallucinations in dlb
+PMbXwRTkun8-00341-00091280-00091441 are generally very vivid hallucinations
+PMbXwRTkun8-00342-00091442-00091693 of people or animals and they often
+PMbXwRTkun8-00343-00091694-00091881 occur when someone is about to fall
+PMbXwRTkun8-00344-00091882-00092212 asleep or just waking up other prominent
+PMbXwRTkun8-00345-00092213-00092450 symptoms include problems with attention
+PMbXwRTkun8-00346-00092451-00092688 organization problem-solving and
+PMbXwRTkun8-00347-00092689-00092872 planning executive function and
+PMbXwRTkun8-00348-00092873-00093115 difficulty with visual spatial function
+PMbXwRTkun8-00349-00093116-00093409 again imaging studies cannot necessarily
+PMbXwRTkun8-00350-00093410-00093697 make the diagnosis of dlb but some signs
+PMbXwRTkun8-00351-00093698-00093991 are particularly common a person with
+PMbXwRTkun8-00352-00093992-00094275 dlb often shows occipital hypoperfusion
+PMbXwRTkun8-00353-00094276-00094537 inspects kin or occipital hypometabolism
+PMbXwRTkun8-00354-00094538-00094950 on a PET scan generally a diagnosis of
+PMbXwRTkun8-00355-00094951-00095203 dlb is straightforward and unless it is
+PMbXwRTkun8-00356-00095204-00095455 complicated a brain scan is not always
+PMbXwRTkun8-00357-00095456-00096020 necessary
+PMbXwRTkun8-00358-00096021-00096462 topic frontotemporal dementia
+PMbXwRTkun8-00359-00096463-00096635 you
+PMbXwRTkun8-00360-00096636-00096947 frontotemporal dementia x' ft DS are
+PMbXwRTkun8-00361-00096948-00097184 characterized by drastic personality
+PMbXwRTkun8-00362-00097185-00097484 changes and language difficulties in all
+PMbXwRTkun8-00363-00097485-00097747 FTD's the person has a relatively early
+PMbXwRTkun8-00364-00097748-00097975 social withdrawal and early lack of
+PMbXwRTkun8-00365-00097976-00098240 insight into the disorder memory
+PMbXwRTkun8-00366-00098241-00098437 problems are not a main feature of this
+PMbXwRTkun8-00367-00098438-00098722 disorder there are six main types of FTD
+PMbXwRTkun8-00368-00098723-00099035 the first has major symptoms in the area
+PMbXwRTkun8-00369-00099036-00099328 of personality and behavior this is
+PMbXwRTkun8-00370-00099329-00099697 called behavioral variant FTD BV FTD and
+PMbXwRTkun8-00371-00099698-00100105 is the most common in BV FTD the person
+PMbXwRTkun8-00372-00100106-00100271 shows a change in personal hygiene
+PMbXwRTkun8-00373-00100272-00100484 becomes rigid in their thinking and
+PMbXwRTkun8-00374-00100485-00100681 rarely recognize that there is a problem
+PMbXwRTkun8-00375-00100682-00100928 they are socially withdrawn and often
+PMbXwRTkun8-00376-00100929-00101230 have a drastic increase in appetite they
+PMbXwRTkun8-00377-00101231-00101522 may also be socially inappropriate for
+PMbXwRTkun8-00378-00101523-00101688 example they may make inappropriate
+PMbXwRTkun8-00379-00101689-00101966 sexual comments or may begin using
+PMbXwRTkun8-00380-00101967-00102169 pornography openly when they had not
+PMbXwRTkun8-00381-00102170-00102473 before one of the most common science is
+PMbXwRTkun8-00382-00102474-00102750 apathy or not caring about anything
+PMbXwRTkun8-00383-00102751-00103066 apathy however is a common symptom in
+PMbXwRTkun8-00384-00103067-00103282 many different dimensions two types of
+PMbXwRTkun8-00385-00103283-00103591 FTD feature language problems aphasia as
+PMbXwRTkun8-00386-00103592-00103871 the main symptom one type is called
+PMbXwRTkun8-00387-00103872-00104048 semantic variant primary progressive
+PMbXwRTkun8-00388-00104049-00104292 aphasia sv PPA
+PMbXwRTkun8-00389-00104293-00104573 the main feature of this is the loss of
+PMbXwRTkun8-00390-00104574-00104849 the meaning of words it may begin with
+PMbXwRTkun8-00391-00104850-00105115 difficulty naming things the person
+PMbXwRTkun8-00392-00105116-00105313 eventually may also lose the meaning of
+PMbXwRTkun8-00393-00105314-00105656 objects as well for example a drawing of
+PMbXwRTkun8-00394-00105657-00105913 a bird dog and an airplane in someone
+PMbXwRTkun8-00395-00105914-00106153 with FTD may all appear just about the
+PMbXwRTkun8-00396-00106154-00106435 same in a classic test for this a
+PMbXwRTkun8-00397-00106436-00106636 patient is shown a picture of a pyramid
+PMbXwRTkun8-00398-00106638-00106837 and below there is a picture of both a
+PMbXwRTkun8-00399-00106838-00107132 palm tree and a pine tree the person is
+PMbXwRTkun8-00400-00107133-00107321 asked to say which one goes best with
+PMbXwRTkun8-00401-00107322-00107681 the pyramid in sv PPA the person would
+PMbXwRTkun8-00402-00107682-00107977 not be able to answer that question the
+PMbXwRTkun8-00403-00107978-00108146 other type is called nonfluent
+PMbXwRTkun8-00404-00108147-00108337 agrammatic variant primary progressive
+PMbXwRTkun8-00405-00108338-00108763 aphasia NF a PPA this is mainly a
+PMbXwRTkun8-00406-00108764-00109031 problem with producing speech they have
+PMbXwRTkun8-00407-00109032-00109225 trouble finding the right words but
+PMbXwRTkun8-00408-00109226-00109375 mostly they have a difficulty
+PMbXwRTkun8-00409-00109376-00109561 coordinating the muscles they need to
+PMbXwRTkun8-00410-00109563-00109997 speak eventually someone with NF a PPA
+PMbXwRTkun8-00411-00109998-00110219 uses one syllable words or may become
+PMbXwRTkun8-00412-00110220-00110578 totally mute progressive supranuclear
+PMbXwRTkun8-00413-00110579-00110927 palsy PSP is a form of FTD that is
+PMbXwRTkun8-00414-00110928-00111103 characterized by problems with eye
+PMbXwRTkun8-00415-00111104-00111428 movements generally the problems begin
+PMbXwRTkun8-00416-00111429-00111632 with difficulty moving the eyes up or
+PMbXwRTkun8-00417-00111633-00111910 down vertical gaze palsy since
+PMbXwRTkun8-00418-00111911-00112129 difficulty moving the eyes upward can
+PMbXwRTkun8-00419-00112130-00112291 sometimes happen in normal aging
+PMbXwRTkun8-00420-00112292-00112544 problems with downward eye movements are
+PMbXwRTkun8-00421-00112545-00112943 the key in PSP other key symptoms of PSP
+PMbXwRTkun8-00422-00112944-00113153 include falling backward balance
+PMbXwRTkun8-00423-00113154-00113398 problems slow movements rigid muscles
+PMbXwRTkun8-00424-00113399-00113690 irritability apathy social withdrawal
+PMbXwRTkun8-00425-00113691-00114028 and depression the person may also have
+PMbXwRTkun8-00426-00114029-00114356 certain frontal lobe signs such as
+PMbXwRTkun8-00427-00114357-00114614 perseveration a grasp reflex and
+PMbXwRTkun8-00428-00114615-00114839 utilization behavior the need to use an
+PMbXwRTkun8-00429-00114840-00115003 object once you see it
+PMbXwRTkun8-00430-00115004-00115309 people with PSP often have progressive
+PMbXwRTkun8-00431-00115310-00115502 difficulty eating and swallowing and
+PMbXwRTkun8-00432-00115503-00115802 eventually with talking as well because
+PMbXwRTkun8-00433-00115803-00116093 of the rigidity and slow movements PSPs
+PMbXwRTkun8-00434-00116094-00116318 sometimes misdiagnosed as Parkinson's
+PMbXwRTkun8-00435-00116319-00116606 disease on scans of the brain the
+PMbXwRTkun8-00436-00116607-00116876 midbrain of people with PSP is generally
+PMbXwRTkun8-00437-00116877-00117083 shrunken atrophied but there are no
+PMbXwRTkun8-00438-00117083-00117323 other common brain abnormalities visible
+PMbXwRTkun8-00439-00117324-00117561 on images of the person's brain
+PMbXwRTkun8-00440-00117563-00117940 corticobasal degeneration CBD is a rare
+PMbXwRTkun8-00441-00117941-00118204 form of FTD that is characterized by
+PMbXwRTkun8-00442-00118205-00118403 many different types of neurological
+PMbXwRTkun8-00443-00118404-00118568 problems that get progressively worse
+PMbXwRTkun8-00444-00118569-00118883 over time this is because the disorder
+PMbXwRTkun8-00445-00118883-00119033 affects the brain in many different
+PMbXwRTkun8-00446-00119033-00119254 places but at different rates
+PMbXwRTkun8-00447-00119255-00119558 one common sign is difficulty with using
+PMbXwRTkun8-00448-00119558-00119807 only one limb one symptom that is
+PMbXwRTkun8-00449-00119808-00120032 extremely rare in any condition other
+PMbXwRTkun8-00450-00120033-00120263 than corticobasal degeneration as the
+PMbXwRTkun8-00451-00120264-00120583 alien limb the alien limb is a limb of
+PMbXwRTkun8-00452-00120584-00120776 the person that seems to have a mind of
+PMbXwRTkun8-00453-00120777-00120985 its own it moves without control of the
+PMbXwRTkun8-00454-00120986-00121247 person's brain other common symptoms
+PMbXwRTkun8-00455-00121248-00121463 include jerky movements of one or more
+PMbXwRTkun8-00456-00121464-00121718 limbs myoclonus symptoms that are
+PMbXwRTkun8-00457-00121719-00121933 different in different limbs asymmetric
+PMbXwRTkun8-00458-00121934-00122150 difficulty with speech that is due to
+PMbXwRTkun8-00459-00122151-00122333 not being able to move the mouth muscles
+PMbXwRTkun8-00460-00122333-00122554 in a coordinated way numbness and
+PMbXwRTkun8-00461-00122555-00122747 tingling of the limbs and neglecting one
+PMbXwRTkun8-00462-00122748-00123034 side of the person's vision or senses in
+PMbXwRTkun8-00463-00123035-00123293 neglect a person ignores the opposite
+PMbXwRTkun8-00464-00123294-00123366 side of the bar
+PMbXwRTkun8-00465-00123367-00123633 from the one that has the problem for
+PMbXwRTkun8-00466-00123633-00123860 example a person may not feel pain on
+PMbXwRTkun8-00467-00123861-00124113 one side or may only draw half of a
+PMbXwRTkun8-00468-00124114-00124416 picture when asked in addition the
+PMbXwRTkun8-00469-00124417-00124638 person's affected limbs may be rigid or
+PMbXwRTkun8-00470-00124639-00124848 have muscle contractions causing strange
+PMbXwRTkun8-00471-00124849-00125172 repetitive movements dystonia the area
+PMbXwRTkun8-00472-00125173-00125364 of the brain most often affected in
+PMbXwRTkun8-00473-00125365-00125561 corticobasal degeneration as the
+PMbXwRTkun8-00474-00125563-00125831 posterior frontal lobe and parietal lobe
+PMbXwRTkun8-00475-00125832-00126117 still many other part of the brain can
+PMbXwRTkun8-00476-00126118-00126386 be affected finally there is Ft dementia
+PMbXwRTkun8-00477-00126388-00126785 associated with MND FTD MND in which the
+PMbXwRTkun8-00478-00126786-00127074 symptoms of FTD behavior language and
+PMbXwRTkun8-00479-00127075-00127305 movement problems co-occur with motor
+PMbXwRTkun8-00480-00127306-00128051 neurone disease death of motor neurons
+PMbXwRTkun8-00481-00128052-00128641 topic rapidly progressive
+PMbXwRTkun8-00482-00128642-00128884 creutzfeldt-jakob disease typically
+PMbXwRTkun8-00483-00128885-00129092 causes a dementia that worsens over
+PMbXwRTkun8-00484-00129093-00129336 weeks to months and is caused by prions
+PMbXwRTkun8-00485-00129338-00129644 the common causes of slowly progressive
+PMbXwRTkun8-00486-00129645-00129859 dementia also sometimes present with
+PMbXwRTkun8-00487-00129860-00130088 rapid progression Alzheimer's disease
+PMbXwRTkun8-00488-00130089-00130336 dementia with Lewy bodies frontotemporal
+PMbXwRTkun8-00489-00130338-00130574 lobar degeneration including
+PMbXwRTkun8-00490-00130575-00130757 corticobasal degeneration and
+PMbXwRTkun8-00491-00130758-00131081 progressive supranuclear palsy on the
+PMbXwRTkun8-00492-00131082-00131336 other hand encephalopathy or delirium
+PMbXwRTkun8-00493-00131337-00131531 may develop relatively slowly and
+PMbXwRTkun8-00494-00131532-00131819 resemble dementia possible causes
+PMbXwRTkun8-00495-00131820-00131993 include brain infection viral
+PMbXwRTkun8-00496-00131994-00132278 encephalitis subacute sclerosing Penn
+PMbXwRTkun8-00497-00132279-00132356 encephalitis
+PMbXwRTkun8-00498-00132357-00132629 Whipple's disease or inflammation limbic
+PMbXwRTkun8-00499-00132630-00132904 encephalitis Hashimoto's encephalopathy
+PMbXwRTkun8-00500-00132905-00133193 cerebral vasculitis tumors such as
+PMbXwRTkun8-00501-00133194-00133511 lymphoma or glioma drug toxicity EEG
+PMbXwRTkun8-00502-00133512-00133787 anticonvulsant drugs metabolic causes
+PMbXwRTkun8-00503-00133788-00134036 such as liver failure or kidney failure
+PMbXwRTkun8-00504-00134037-00134727 and chronic subdural hematoma
+PMbXwRTkun8-00505-00134728-00135361 topic immune illogically mediated
+PMbXwRTkun8-00506-00135362-00135627 chronic inflammatory conditions that may
+PMbXwRTkun8-00507-00135628-00135828 affect the brain and cognition include
+PMbXwRTkun8-00508-00135829-00136064 Behcet's disease multiple sclerosis
+PMbXwRTkun8-00509-00136065-00136198 sarcoidosis
+PMbXwRTkun8-00510-00136199-00136428 Sjogren's syndrome systemic lupus
+PMbXwRTkun8-00511-00136429-00136693 erythematosus celiac disease and
+PMbXwRTkun8-00512-00136694-00137016 non-celiac gluten sensitivity these
+PMbXwRTkun8-00513-00137017-00137218 types of dementias can rapidly progress
+PMbXwRTkun8-00514-00137219-00137466 but usually have a good response to
+PMbXwRTkun8-00515-00137467-00137736 early treatment this consists of
+PMbXwRTkun8-00516-00137737-00137901 immunomodulators or steroid
+PMbXwRTkun8-00517-00137902-00138157 administration or in certain cases the
+PMbXwRTkun8-00518-00138158-00138452 elimination of the causative agent a
+PMbXwRTkun8-00519-00138453-00138738 20-19 review found no association
+PMbXwRTkun8-00520-00138739-00138910 between celiac disease and dementia
+PMbXwRTkun8-00521-00138911-00139188 overall but a potential association with
+PMbXwRTkun8-00522-00139189-00139570 vascular dementia a 2018 review found a
+PMbXwRTkun8-00523-00139571-00139735 link between celiac disease or
+PMbXwRTkun8-00524-00139736-00139981 non-celiac gluten sensitivity and
+PMbXwRTkun8-00525-00139982-00140173 cognitive impairment and that celiac
+PMbXwRTkun8-00526-00140174-00140340 disease may be associated with
+PMbXwRTkun8-00527-00140341-00140563 Alzheimer's disease vascular dementia
+PMbXwRTkun8-00528-00140564-00140901 and frontotemporal dementia a strict
+PMbXwRTkun8-00529-00140902-00141112 gluten-free diet started early may
+PMbXwRTkun8-00530-00141113-00141339 protect against dementia associated with
+PMbXwRTkun8-00531-00141340-00141979 gluten related disorders
+PMbXwRTkun8-00532-00141980-00142545 topic other conditions
+PMbXwRTkun8-00533-00142546-00142752 there are many other medical and
+PMbXwRTkun8-00534-00142753-00142917 neurological conditions in which
+PMbXwRTkun8-00535-00142918-00143156 dementia only occurs late in the illness
+PMbXwRTkun8-00536-00143157-00143439 for example a proportion of patients
+PMbXwRTkun8-00537-00143440-00143640 with Parkinson's disease develop
+PMbXwRTkun8-00538-00143641-00143850 dementia though widely varying figures
+PMbXwRTkun8-00539-00143851-00144105 are quoted for this proportion when
+PMbXwRTkun8-00540-00144106-00144321 dementia occurs in Parkinson's disease
+PMbXwRTkun8-00541-00144322-00144552 the underlying cause may be dementia
+PMbXwRTkun8-00542-00144553-00144777 with Lewy bodies or Alzheimer's disease
+PMbXwRTkun8-00543-00144778-00145128 or both cognitive impairment also occurs
+PMbXwRTkun8-00544-00145129-00145314 in the Parkinson plus syndromes of
+PMbXwRTkun8-00545-00145315-00145509 progressive supranuclear palsy and
+PMbXwRTkun8-00546-00145510-00145740 corticobasal degeneration and the same
+PMbXwRTkun8-00547-00145741-00145944 underlying pathology may cause the
+PMbXwRTkun8-00548-00145945-00146103 clinical syndromes of frontotemporal
+PMbXwRTkun8-00549-00146104-00146288 lobar degeneration
+PMbXwRTkun8-00550-00146289-00146559 although the acute porphyria smae cause
+PMbXwRTkun8-00551-00146560-00146757 episodes of confusion and psychiatric
+PMbXwRTkun8-00552-00146758-00147000 disturbance dementia is a rare feature
+PMbXwRTkun8-00553-00147001-00147261 of these rare diseases limbic
+PMbXwRTkun8-00554-00147262-00147513 predominant age-related tdp-43
+PMbXwRTkun8-00555-00147514-00147759 encephalopathy late is a type of
+PMbXwRTkun8-00556-00147760-00147987 dementia that primarily affects people
+PMbXwRTkun8-00557-00147988-00148287 in their 80s or 90s and in which tdp-43
+PMbXwRTkun8-00558-00148288-00148554 protein deposits in the limbic portion
+PMbXwRTkun8-00559-00148555-00148836 of the brain aside from those mentioned
+PMbXwRTkun8-00560-00148837-00149040 above inherited conditions that can
+PMbXwRTkun8-00561-00149041-00149280 cause dementia alongside other symptoms
+PMbXwRTkun8-00562-00149281-00149751 include
+PMbXwRTkun8-00563-00149752-00150379 topic mild cognitive impairment
+PMbXwRTkun8-00564-00150380-00150637 mild cognitive impairment means that the
+PMbXwRTkun8-00565-00150638-00150829 person exhibits memory are thinking
+PMbXwRTkun8-00566-00150830-00151051 difficulties but those difficulties are
+PMbXwRTkun8-00567-00151052-00151273 not severe enough to meet criteria for a
+PMbXwRTkun8-00568-00151274-00151579 diagnosis of dementia they should score
+PMbXwRTkun8-00569-00151580-00152032 between 25 to 30 on the MMSE around 70%
+PMbXwRTkun8-00570-00152033-00152341 of people with MCI go on to develop some
+PMbXwRTkun8-00571-00152342-00152677 form of dementia MCI is generally
+PMbXwRTkun8-00572-00152678-00152971 divided into two categories the first is
+PMbXwRTkun8-00573-00152972-00153154 one that is primarily memory loss
+PMbXwRTkun8-00574-00153155-00153327 amnestic MCI
+PMbXwRTkun8-00575-00153328-00153619 the second category is anything that is
+PMbXwRTkun8-00576-00153620-00153874 not primarily memory difficulties non
+PMbXwRTkun8-00577-00153875-00154219 amnestic MCI people with primarily
+PMbXwRTkun8-00578-00154220-00154441 memory problems generally go on to
+PMbXwRTkun8-00579-00154442-00154747 develop Alzheimer's disease people with
+PMbXwRTkun8-00580-00154748-00154972 the other type of MCI may go on to
+PMbXwRTkun8-00581-00154973-00155247 develop other types of dementia
+PMbXwRTkun8-00582-00155248-00155569 diagnosis of MCI is often difficult as
+PMbXwRTkun8-00583-00155570-00155890 cognitive testing may be normal often
+PMbXwRTkun8-00584-00155891-00156139 more in-depth neuropsychological testing
+PMbXwRTkun8-00585-00156140-00156382 is necessary to make the diagnosis the
+PMbXwRTkun8-00586-00156383-00156604 most commonly used criteria are called
+PMbXwRTkun8-00587-00156605-00156940 the Peterson criteria and include memory
+PMbXwRTkun8-00588-00156941-00157186 or other cognitive thought processing
+PMbXwRTkun8-00589-00157187-00157414 complained by the person or a person who
+PMbXwRTkun8-00590-00157415-00157613 knows the patient well
+PMbXwRTkun8-00591-00157614-00157814 the person must have a memory or other
+PMbXwRTkun8-00592-00157815-00158029 cognitive problem as compared to a
+PMbXwRTkun8-00593-00158030-00158225 person of the same age and level of
+PMbXwRTkun8-00594-00158226-00158585 education the problem must not be severe
+PMbXwRTkun8-00595-00158586-00158753 enough to affect the person's daily
+PMbXwRTkun8-00596-00158754-00159068 function the person must not have
+PMbXwRTkun8-00597-00159069-00159583 dementia
+PMbXwRTkun8-00598-00159584-00160212 topic fixed cognitive impairment
+PMbXwRTkun8-00599-00160213-00160470 various types of brain injury may cause
+PMbXwRTkun8-00600-00160471-00160689 irreversible cognitive impairment that
+PMbXwRTkun8-00601-00160690-00161003 remains stable over time traumatic brain
+PMbXwRTkun8-00602-00161004-00161232 injury may cause generalized damage to
+PMbXwRTkun8-00603-00161233-00161415 the white matter of the brain diffuse
+PMbXwRTkun8-00604-00161416-00161685 axonal injury or more localized damage
+PMbXwRTkun8-00605-00161686-00161994 as also may neurosurgery a temporary
+PMbXwRTkun8-00606-00161995-00162201 reduction in the brain supply of blood
+PMbXwRTkun8-00607-00162202-00162444 or oxygen may lead to hypoxic ischemic
+PMbXwRTkun8-00608-00162445-00162798 injury strokes ischemic stroke or
+PMbXwRTkun8-00609-00162799-00163101 intracerebral subarachnoid subdural or
+PMbXwRTkun8-00610-00163102-00163314 extradural hemorrhage or infections
+PMbXwRTkun8-00611-00163315-00163599 meningitis or encephalitis affecting the
+PMbXwRTkun8-00612-00163600-00163836 brain prolonged epileptic seizures and
+PMbXwRTkun8-00613-00163837-00164058 acute hydrocephalus may also have
+PMbXwRTkun8-00614-00164059-00164385 long-term effects on cognition excessive
+PMbXwRTkun8-00615-00164386-00164639 alcohol use may cause alcohol dementia
+PMbXwRTkun8-00616-00164640-00164903 Wernicke's encephalopathy or korsakoff's
+PMbXwRTkun8-00617-00164904-00165137 psychosis
+PMbXwRTkun8-00618-00165138-00165483 you
+PMbXwRTkun8-00619-00165484-00166055 topic slowly progressive
+PMbXwRTkun8-00620-00166056-00166301 dementia that begins gradually and
+PMbXwRTkun8-00621-00166302-00166493 worsens progressively over several years
+PMbXwRTkun8-00622-00166494-00166727 is usually caused by neurodegenerative
+PMbXwRTkun8-00623-00166728-00167012 disease that is by conditions that
+PMbXwRTkun8-00624-00167013-00167234 affect only our primarily the neurons of
+PMbXwRTkun8-00625-00167235-00167402 the brain and cause gradual but
+PMbXwRTkun8-00626-00167403-00167597 irreversible loss of function of these
+PMbXwRTkun8-00627-00167598-00167936 cells less commonly a non degenerative
+PMbXwRTkun8-00628-00167937-00168161 condition may have secondary effects on
+PMbXwRTkun8-00629-00168162-00168383 brain cells which may or may not be
+PMbXwRTkun8-00630-00168384-00168646 reversible if the condition is treated
+PMbXwRTkun8-00631-00168647-00168905 causes of dementia depend on the age
+PMbXwRTkun8-00632-00168906-00169154 when symptoms begin in the elderly
+PMbXwRTkun8-00633-00169155-00169394 population usually defined in this
+PMbXwRTkun8-00634-00169395-00169706 context as over 65 years of age a large
+PMbXwRTkun8-00635-00169707-00169946 majority of dementia cases are caused by
+PMbXwRTkun8-00636-00169947-00170213 Alzheimer's disease vascular dementia or
+PMbXwRTkun8-00637-00170214-00170513 both dementia with Lewy bodies as
+PMbXwRTkun8-00638-00170514-00170741 another commonly exhibited form which
+PMbXwRTkun8-00639-00170742-00170975 again may occur alongside either or both
+PMbXwRTkun8-00640-00170976-00171266 of the other causes hypothyroidism
+PMbXwRTkun8-00641-00171267-00171500 sometimes causes slowly progressive
+PMbXwRTkun8-00642-00171501-00171707 cognitive impairment as the main symptom
+PMbXwRTkun8-00643-00171708-00171902 and this may be fully reversible with
+PMbXwRTkun8-00644-00171903-00172153 treatment normal pressure hydrocephalus
+PMbXwRTkun8-00645-00172154-00172451 though relatively rare is important to
+PMbXwRTkun8-00646-00172452-00172640 recognize since treatment may prevent
+PMbXwRTkun8-00647-00172641-00172835 progression and improve other symptoms
+PMbXwRTkun8-00648-00172836-00173147 of the condition however significant
+PMbXwRTkun8-00649-00173148-00173416 cognitive improvement as unusual
+PMbXwRTkun8-00650-00173417-00173723 dementia is much less common under 65
+PMbXwRTkun8-00651-00173724-00173990 years of age Alzheimer's disease is
+PMbXwRTkun8-00652-00173991-00174182 still the most frequent cause but
+PMbXwRTkun8-00653-00174183-00174383 inherited forms of the disorder account
+PMbXwRTkun8-00654-00174384-00174593 for a higher proportion of cases in this
+PMbXwRTkun8-00655-00174594-00174875 age group frontotemporal lobar
+PMbXwRTkun8-00656-00174876-00175073 degeneration and Huntington's disease
+PMbXwRTkun8-00657-00175074-00175327 account for most of the remaining cases
+PMbXwRTkun8-00658-00175328-00175613 vascular dementia also occurs but this
+PMbXwRTkun8-00659-00175614-00175793 in turn may be due to underlying
+PMbXwRTkun8-00660-00175794-00175991 conditions including antiphospholipid
+PMbXwRTkun8-00661-00175992-00176371 syndrome cadasil Mila's homocystinuria
+PMbXwRTkun8-00662-00176372-00176647 moyamoya and binswanger x' disease
+PMbXwRTkun8-00663-00176648-00176924 people who receive frequent head trauma
+PMbXwRTkun8-00664-00176925-00177176 such as boxers or football players are
+PMbXwRTkun8-00665-00177177-00177308 at risk of chronic traumatic
+PMbXwRTkun8-00666-00177309-00177563 encephalopathy also called dementia
+PMbXwRTkun8-00667-00177564-00177959 pugilistica in boxers in young adults up
+PMbXwRTkun8-00668-00177960-00178226 to 40 years of age who are previously of
+PMbXwRTkun8-00669-00178227-00178436 normal intelligence it is very rare to
+PMbXwRTkun8-00670-00178437-00178643 develop dementia without other features
+PMbXwRTkun8-00671-00178644-00178841 of neurological disease or without
+PMbXwRTkun8-00672-00178842-00179039 features of disease elsewhere in the
+PMbXwRTkun8-00673-00179040-00179080 body
+PMbXwRTkun8-00674-00179081-00179363 most cases of progressive cognitive
+PMbXwRTkun8-00675-00179364-00179435 disturbance
+PMbXwRTkun8-00676-00179436-00179590 in this age group are caused by
+PMbXwRTkun8-00677-00179591-00179825 psychiatric illness alcohol or other
+PMbXwRTkun8-00678-00179826-00180094 drugs or metabolic disturbance
+PMbXwRTkun8-00679-00180095-00180395 however certain genetic disorders can
+PMbXwRTkun8-00680-00180396-00180613 cause true neurodegenerative dementia at
+PMbXwRTkun8-00681-00180614-00180691 this age
+PMbXwRTkun8-00682-00180692-00180896 these include familial Alzheimer's
+PMbXwRTkun8-00683-00180897-00181270 disease SCA 17 dominant inheritance
+PMbXwRTkun8-00684-00181271-00181598 adrenoleukodystrophy x-linked Gaucher's
+PMbXwRTkun8-00685-00181599-00181777 disease type three metachromatic
+PMbXwRTkun8-00686-00181778-00182063 leukodystrophy niemann-pick disease type
+PMbXwRTkun8-00687-00182064-00182336 c pantothenate kinase associated neuro
+PMbXwRTkun8-00688-00182337-00182578 degeneration tay-sachs disease and
+PMbXwRTkun8-00689-00182579-00182912 wilson's disease all recessive wilson's
+PMbXwRTkun8-00690-00182913-00183122 disease is particularly important since
+PMbXwRTkun8-00691-00183123-00183419 cognition can improve with treatment at
+PMbXwRTkun8-00692-00183420-00183719 all ages a substantial proportion of
+PMbXwRTkun8-00693-00183720-00183875 patients who complain of memory
+PMbXwRTkun8-00694-00183876-00184078 difficulty or other cognitive symptoms
+PMbXwRTkun8-00695-00184079-00184240 have depression rather than a
+PMbXwRTkun8-00696-00184241-00184520 neurodegenerative disease vitamin
+PMbXwRTkun8-00697-00184521-00184738 deficiencies and chronic infections may
+PMbXwRTkun8-00698-00184739-00184994 also occur at any age they usually cause
+PMbXwRTkun8-00699-00184995-00185207 other symptoms before dementia occurs
+PMbXwRTkun8-00700-00185208-00185416 but occasionally mimic degenerative
+PMbXwRTkun8-00701-00185417-00185488 dementia
+PMbXwRTkun8-00702-00185489-00185759 these include deficiencies of vitamin
+PMbXwRTkun8-00703-00185760-00186091 b12 folate or niacin and infective
+PMbXwRTkun8-00704-00186092-00186275 causes including cryptococcal meningitis
+PMbXwRTkun8-00705-00186276-00186490 aids lyme disease
+PMbXwRTkun8-00706-00186491-00186616 progressive multifocal
+PMbXwRTkun8-00707-00186617-00186857 leukoencephalopathy subacute sclerosing
+PMbXwRTkun8-00708-00186858-00187177 pan encephalitis syphilis and Whipple's
+PMbXwRTkun8-00709-00187178-00187319 disease
+PMbXwRTkun8-00710-00187320-00187725 you
+PMbXwRTkun8-00711-00187726-00188084 topic limbic predominant age-related
+PMbXwRTkun8-00712-00188085-00188662 tdp-43 encephalopathy
+PMbXwRTkun8-00713-00188663-00188986 limbic predominant age-related tdp-43
+PMbXwRTkun8-00714-00188987-00189232 encephalopathy late is a type of
+PMbXwRTkun8-00715-00189233-00189424 dementia similar to Alzheimer disease
+PMbXwRTkun8-00716-00189425-00189826 which was proposed in 2019 usually older
+PMbXwRTkun8-00717-00189827-00190412 people are affected
+PMbXwRTkun8-00718-00190413-00190961 topic hearing loss
+PMbXwRTkun8-00719-00190962-00191203 hearing loss is linked with dementia
+PMbXwRTkun8-00720-00191204-00191351 with a greater degree of hearing loss
+PMbXwRTkun8-00721-00191352-00191726 tied to a higher risk one hypothesis is
+PMbXwRTkun8-00722-00191727-00191972 that as hearing loss increases cognitive
+PMbXwRTkun8-00723-00191973-00192206 resources are redistributed to auditory
+PMbXwRTkun8-00724-00192207-00192383 perception to the detriment of other
+PMbXwRTkun8-00725-00192384-00192656 cognitive processes the second
+PMbXwRTkun8-00726-00192657-00192893 hypothesis is that hearing loss leads to
+PMbXwRTkun8-00727-00192894-00193136 social isolation which negatively affect
+PMbXwRTkun8-00728-00193137-00193358 the cognitive functions
+PMbXwRTkun8-00729-00193359-00193790 you
+PMbXwRTkun8-00730-00193791-00194380 topic diagnosis
+PMbXwRTkun8-00731-00194381-00194644 as seen above there are many specific
+PMbXwRTkun8-00732-00194645-00194836 types and causes of dementia often
+PMbXwRTkun8-00733-00194837-00195075 showing slightly different symptoms
+PMbXwRTkun8-00734-00195076-00195316 however the symptoms are very similar
+PMbXwRTkun8-00735-00195317-00195577 and it is usually difficult to diagnose
+PMbXwRTkun8-00736-00195578-00195867 the type of dementia by symptoms alone
+PMbXwRTkun8-00737-00195868-00196132 diagnosis may be aided by brain scanning
+PMbXwRTkun8-00738-00196133-00196474 techniques in many cases the diagnosis
+PMbXwRTkun8-00739-00196475-00196708 cannot be absolutely sure except with a
+PMbXwRTkun8-00740-00196709-00196930 brain biopsy but this is very rarely
+PMbXwRTkun8-00741-00196931-00197143 recommended though it can be performed
+PMbXwRTkun8-00742-00197144-00197413 at autopsy in those who are getting
+PMbXwRTkun8-00743-00197414-00197626 older general screening for cognitive
+PMbXwRTkun8-00744-00197627-00197857 impairment using cognitive testing or
+PMbXwRTkun8-00745-00197858-00198106 early diagnosis of dementia has not been
+PMbXwRTkun8-00746-00198107-00198448 shown to improve outcomes however it has
+PMbXwRTkun8-00747-00198449-00198628 been shown that screening exams are
+PMbXwRTkun8-00748-00198629-00198826 useful in those people over the age of
+PMbXwRTkun8-00749-00198827-00199105 65 with memory complaints normally
+PMbXwRTkun8-00750-00199106-00199312 symptoms must be present for at least
+PMbXwRTkun8-00751-00199313-00199590 six months to support a diagnosis
+PMbXwRTkun8-00752-00199591-00199807 cognitive dysfunction of shorter
+PMbXwRTkun8-00753-00199808-00200092 duration is called delirium delirium can
+PMbXwRTkun8-00754-00200093-00200317 be easily confused with dementia due to
+PMbXwRTkun8-00755-00200318-00200536 similar symptoms delirium is
+PMbXwRTkun8-00756-00200537-00200728 characterized by a sudden onset
+PMbXwRTkun8-00757-00200729-00200944 fluctuating course a short duration
+PMbXwRTkun8-00758-00200945-00201232 often lasting from hours to weeks and is
+PMbXwRTkun8-00759-00201233-00201442 primarily related to a somatic or
+PMbXwRTkun8-00760-00201443-00201760 medical disturbance in comparison
+PMbXwRTkun8-00761-00201761-00202030 dementia has typically a long slow onset
+PMbXwRTkun8-00762-00202031-00202261 except in the cases of a stroke or
+PMbXwRTkun8-00763-00202262-00202441 trauma slow decline of mental
+PMbXwRTkun8-00764-00202442-00202627 functioning as well as a longer duration
+PMbXwRTkun8-00765-00202628-00202873 from months to years some mental
+PMbXwRTkun8-00766-00202874-00203077 illnesses including depression and
+PMbXwRTkun8-00767-00203078-00203317 psychosis may produce symptoms that must
+PMbXwRTkun8-00768-00203318-00203542 be differentiated from both delirium and
+PMbXwRTkun8-00769-00203543-00203818 dementia therefore any dementia
+PMbXwRTkun8-00770-00203819-00204031 evaluation should include a depression
+PMbXwRTkun8-00771-00204032-00204214 screening such as the neuropsychiatric
+PMbXwRTkun8-00772-00204215-00204424 inventory or the geriatric depression
+PMbXwRTkun8-00773-00204425-00204718 scale physicians used to think that
+PMbXwRTkun8-00774-00204719-00204883 anyone who came in with memory
+PMbXwRTkun8-00775-00204884-00205054 complaints had depression and not
+PMbXwRTkun8-00776-00205055-00205237 dementia because they thought that those
+PMbXwRTkun8-00777-00205238-00205438 with dementia are generally unaware of
+PMbXwRTkun8-00778-00205439-00205705 their memory problems this is called
+PMbXwRTkun8-00779-00205706-00205971 pseudo dementia however in recent years
+PMbXwRTkun8-00780-00205973-00206161 researchers have realised that many
+PMbXwRTkun8-00781-00206162-00206371 older people with memory complaints in
+PMbXwRTkun8-00782-00206371-00206638 fact have MCI the earliest stage of
+PMbXwRTkun8-00783-00206639-00206923 dementia depression should always remain
+PMbXwRTkun8-00784-00206923-00207079 high on the list of possibilities
+PMbXwRTkun8-00785-00207080-00207342 however for an elderly person with
+PMbXwRTkun8-00786-00207344-00207540 memory trouble
+PMbXwRTkun8-00787-00207541-00207759 changes in thinking hearing and vision
+PMbXwRTkun8-00788-00207760-00208002 are associated with normal aging and can
+PMbXwRTkun8-00789-00208003-00208233 cause problems when diagnosing dementia
+PMbXwRTkun8-00790-00208234-00208853 due to the similarities
+PMbXwRTkun8-00791-00208854-00209427 topic cognitive testing
+PMbXwRTkun8-00792-00209428-00209711 there are some brief tests 5 to 15
+PMbXwRTkun8-00793-00209712-00209942 minutes that have reasonable reliability
+PMbXwRTkun8-00794-00209944-00210279 to screen for dementia while many tests
+PMbXwRTkun8-00795-00210280-00210441 have been studied presently the
+PMbXwRTkun8-00796-00210442-00210746 mini-mental State Examination MMSE is
+PMbXwRTkun8-00797-00210748-00210989 the best studied and most commonly used
+PMbXwRTkun8-00798-00210990-00211353 the MMSE is a useful tool for helping to
+PMbXwRTkun8-00799-00211354-00211548 diagnose dementia if the results are
+PMbXwRTkun8-00800-00211548-00211731 interpreted along with an assessment of
+PMbXwRTkun8-00801-00211732-00211950 a person's personality their ability to
+PMbXwRTkun8-00802-00211951-00212175 perform activities of daily living and
+PMbXwRTkun8-00803-00212176-00212478 their behavior other cognitive tests
+PMbXwRTkun8-00804-00212479-00212667 include the abbreviated mental test
+PMbXwRTkun8-00805-00212667-00212808 score amts
+PMbXwRTkun8-00806-00212809-00213023 the modified mini-mental State
+PMbXwRTkun8-00807-00213025-00213330 Examination 3 mega Siemens the cognitive
+PMbXwRTkun8-00808-00213331-00213639 abilities screening instrument casi the
+PMbXwRTkun8-00809-00213640-00213861 trail making test and the clock drawing
+PMbXwRTkun8-00810-00213862-00214158 test the MOCA Montreal cognitive
+PMbXwRTkun8-00811-00214159-00214437 assessment is a very reliable screening
+PMbXwRTkun8-00812-00214438-00214662 test and is available online for free in
+PMbXwRTkun8-00813-00214663-00215031 35 different languages the MOCA has also
+PMbXwRTkun8-00814-00215032-00215219 been shown somewhat better at detecting
+PMbXwRTkun8-00815-00215221-00215492 mild cognitive impairment than the MMSE
+PMbXwRTkun8-00816-00215494-00215739 brief cognitive tests may be affected by
+PMbXwRTkun8-00817-00215740-00215994 factors such as age education and
+PMbXwRTkun8-00818-00215994-00216221 ethnicity another approach to screening
+PMbXwRTkun8-00819-00216223-00216417 for dementia is to ask an informant
+PMbXwRTkun8-00820-00216417-00216648 relative or other supporter to fill out
+PMbXwRTkun8-00821-00216648-00216807 a questionnaire about the person's
+PMbXwRTkun8-00822-00216808-00217125 everyday cognitive functioning informant
+PMbXwRTkun8-00823-00217126-00217314 questionnaires provide complementary
+PMbXwRTkun8-00824-00217315-00217542 information to brief cognitive tests
+PMbXwRTkun8-00825-00217542-00217796 probably the best known questionnaire of
+PMbXwRTkun8-00826-00217798-00217994 this sort as the informant questionnaire
+PMbXwRTkun8-00827-00217996-00218262 on cognitive decline in the elderly IQ
+PMbXwRTkun8-00828-00218263-00218571 Co de there is not sufficient evidence
+PMbXwRTkun8-00829-00218571-00218865 to determine how accurate the IQ Co de
+PMbXwRTkun8-00830-00218866-00219132 is for diagnosing or predicting dementia
+PMbXwRTkun8-00831-00219133-00219402 the Alzheimer's disease caregiver
+PMbXwRTkun8-00832-00219403-00219617 questionnaire is another tool it is
+PMbXwRTkun8-00833-00219619-00219921 about 90% accurate for Alzheimer's and
+PMbXwRTkun8-00834-00219921-00220119 can be completed online or in the office
+PMbXwRTkun8-00835-00220119-00220437 by a caregiver on the other hand the
+PMbXwRTkun8-00836-00220438-00220623 general practitioner assessment of
+PMbXwRTkun8-00837-00220623-00220844 cognition combines both a patient
+PMbXwRTkun8-00838-00220846-00221106 assessment and an informant interview it
+PMbXwRTkun8-00839-00221107-00221325 was specifically designed for the use in
+PMbXwRTkun8-00840-00221326-00221663 the primary care setting clinical
+PMbXwRTkun8-00841-00221664-00221873 neuropsychologists provide diagnostic
+PMbXwRTkun8-00842-00221873-00222117 consultation following administration of
+PMbXwRTkun8-00843-00222117-00222312 a full battery of cognitive testing
+PMbXwRTkun8-00844-00222313-00222540 often lasting several hours to determine
+PMbXwRTkun8-00845-00222541-00222814 functional patterns of decline associate
+PMbXwRTkun8-00846-00222815-00223123 with varying types of dementia tests of
+PMbXwRTkun8-00847-00223123-00223383 memory executive function processing
+PMbXwRTkun8-00848-00223384-00223642 speed attention and language skills are
+PMbXwRTkun8-00849-00223642-00223876 relevant as well as tests of emotional
+PMbXwRTkun8-00850-00223877-00224202 and psychological adjustment these tests
+PMbXwRTkun8-00851-00224203-00224373 assist with ruling out other etiologies
+PMbXwRTkun8-00852-00224375-00224610 and determining relative cognitive
+PMbXwRTkun8-00853-00224611-00224842 decline over time or from estimates of
+PMbXwRTkun8-00854-00224842-00225169 prior cognitive abilities instead of
+PMbXwRTkun8-00855-00225169-00225435 using mild or early stage middle stage
+PMbXwRTkun8-00856-00225436-00225717 and late stage dementia as descriptors
+PMbXwRTkun8-00857-00225719-00225894 there are scales that that allow more
+PMbXwRTkun8-00858-00225896-00226176 details descriptions these scales
+PMbXwRTkun8-00859-00226177-00226438 include global deterioration scale for
+PMbXwRTkun8-00860-00226439-00226621 assessment of primary degenerative
+PMbXwRTkun8-00861-00226621-00226959 dementia gds or iceberg scale functional
+PMbXwRTkun8-00862-00226960-00227188 assessment staging tests fast and
+PMbXwRTkun8-00863-00227189-00227923 clinical dementia rating CDR
+PMbXwRTkun8-00864-00227925-00228534 topic laboratory tests
+PMbXwRTkun8-00865-00228535-00228780 routine blood tests are also usually
+PMbXwRTkun8-00866-00228781-00229031 performed to rule out treatable causes
+PMbXwRTkun8-00867-00229032-00229390 these tests include vitamin b12 folic
+PMbXwRTkun8-00868-00229391-00229797 acid thyroid stimulating hormone TSH C
+PMbXwRTkun8-00869-00229798-00230016 reactive protein full blood count
+PMbXwRTkun8-00870-00230017-00230341 electrolytes calcium renal function and
+PMbXwRTkun8-00871-00230342-00230703 liver enzymes abnormalities may suggest
+PMbXwRTkun8-00872-00230704-00230970 vitamin deficiency infection or other
+PMbXwRTkun8-00873-00230971-00231159 problems that commonly cause confusion
+PMbXwRTkun8-00874-00231160-00231881 or disorientation in the elderly
+PMbXwRTkun8-00875-00231882-00232387 topic imaging
+PMbXwRTkun8-00876-00232388-00232714 a CT scan or magnetic resonance imaging
+PMbXwRTkun8-00877-00232715-00232987 MRI scan is commonly performed
+PMbXwRTkun8-00878-00232988-00233157 although these tests do not pick up
+PMbXwRTkun8-00879-00233158-00233406 diffuse metabolic changes associated
+PMbXwRTkun8-00880-00233407-00233619 with dementia in a person that shows no
+PMbXwRTkun8-00881-00233621-00233839 gross neurological problems such as
+PMbXwRTkun8-00882-00233840-00234102 paralysis or weakness a neurological
+PMbXwRTkun8-00883-00234103-00234490 exam CT or MRI may suggest normal
+PMbXwRTkun8-00884-00234491-00234721 pressure hydrocephalus a potentially
+PMbXwRTkun8-00885-00234721-00234933 reversible cause of dementia and can
+PMbXwRTkun8-00886-00234934-00235104 yield information relevant to other
+PMbXwRTkun8-00887-00235105-00235323 types of dementia such as infarction
+PMbXwRTkun8-00888-00235325-00235564 stroke that would point at a vascular
+PMbXwRTkun8-00889-00235565-00235851 type of dementia the functional
+PMbXwRTkun8-00890-00235852-00236085 neuroimaging modalities of SPECT and pet
+PMbXwRTkun8-00891-00236086-00236223 are more useful in assessing
+PMbXwRTkun8-00892-00236225-00236448 long-standing cognitive dysfunction
+PMbXwRTkun8-00893-00236450-00236665 since they have shown similar ability to
+PMbXwRTkun8-00894-00236666-00236923 diagnose dementia as a clinical exam and
+PMbXwRTkun8-00895-00236923-00237219 cognitive testing the ability of SPECT
+PMbXwRTkun8-00896-00237221-00237500 to differentiate the vascular cause ie
+PMbXwRTkun8-00897-00237501-00237763 multi-infarct dementia from Alzheimer's
+PMbXwRTkun8-00898-00237764-00238005 disease dementia s' appear superior to
+PMbXwRTkun8-00899-00238006-00238275 differentiation by clinical exam recent
+PMbXwRTkun8-00900-00238276-00238473 research has established the value of
+PMbXwRTkun8-00901-00238475-00238717 PET imaging using carbon 11 Pittsburgh
+PMbXwRTkun8-00902-00238717-00239055 compound B as a radiotracer PIB pet in
+PMbXwRTkun8-00903-00239056-00239301 predictive diagnosis of various kinds of
+PMbXwRTkun8-00904-00239302-00239523 dementia in particular Alzheimer's
+PMbXwRTkun8-00905-00239525-00239826 disease studies from Australia have
+PMbXwRTkun8-00906-00239827-00240019 found PIB pet eighty-six percent
+PMbXwRTkun8-00907-00240019-00240196 accurate in predicting which patients
+PMbXwRTkun8-00908-00240196-00240429 with mild cognitive impairment will
+PMbXwRTkun8-00909-00240430-00240648 develop Alzheimer's disease within two
+PMbXwRTkun8-00910-00240650-00240975 years in another study carried out using
+PMbXwRTkun8-00911-00240976-00241246 66 patients seen at the University of
+PMbXwRTkun8-00912-00241246-00241554 Michigan pet studies using either PIB or
+PMbXwRTkun8-00913-00241555-00241779 another radiotracer carbon 11
+PMbXwRTkun8-00914-00241780-00242133 dihydrocodeine is een D tbz led to more
+PMbXwRTkun8-00915-00242134-00242323 accurate diagnosis for more than
+PMbXwRTkun8-00916-00242323-00242481 one-fourth of patients with mild
+PMbXwRTkun8-00917-00242482-00243229 cognitive impairment or mild dementia
+PMbXwRTkun8-00918-00243230-00243769 topic prevention
+PMbXwRTkun8-00919-00243771-00244007 a number of factors can decrease the
+PMbXwRTkun8-00920-00244008-00244258 risk of dementia a group of efforts is
+PMbXwRTkun8-00921-00244259-00244417 believed to be able to prevent a third
+PMbXwRTkun8-00922-00244419-00244676 of cases and include early education
+PMbXwRTkun8-00923-00244677-00244904 treating high blood pressure preventing
+PMbXwRTkun8-00924-00244905-00245171 obesity preventing hearing loss treating
+PMbXwRTkun8-00925-00245171-00245390 depression being active preventing
+PMbXwRTkun8-00926-00245391-00245648 diabetes not smoking and preventing
+PMbXwRTkun8-00927-00245648-00245971 social isolation the decreased risk with
+PMbXwRTkun8-00928-00245973-00246173 a healthy lifestyle is seen even in
+PMbXwRTkun8-00929-00246173-00246523 those with a high genetic risk a 2018
+PMbXwRTkun8-00930-00246525-00246713 review however concluded that no
+PMbXwRTkun8-00931-00246714-00246902 medications have good evidence of a
+PMbXwRTkun8-00932-00246903-00247094 preventative effect including blood
+PMbXwRTkun8-00933-00247094-00247304 pressure medications among otherwise
+PMbXwRTkun8-00934-00247305-00247517 healthy older people computerized
+PMbXwRTkun8-00935-00247517-00247738 cognitive training may improve memory
+PMbXwRTkun8-00936-00247739-00248035 however it is not known if it prevents
+PMbXwRTkun8-00937-00248036-00248330 dementia exercise has poor evidence of
+PMbXwRTkun8-00938-00248331-00248567 preventing dementia in those with normal
+PMbXwRTkun8-00939-00248567-00248801 mental function evidence for medications
+PMbXwRTkun8-00940-00248802-00249071 is poor the same applies to supplements
+PMbXwRTkun8-00941-00249071-00249259 the early introduction of a strict
+PMbXwRTkun8-00942-00249260-00249488 gluten-free diet in people with celiac
+PMbXwRTkun8-00943-00249489-00249703 disease or non-celiac gluten sensitivity
+PMbXwRTkun8-00944-00249704-00249982 before cognitive impairment begins has a
+PMbXwRTkun8-00945-00249983-00250682 potentially protective effect
+PMbXwRTkun8-00946-00250683-00251228 topic management
+PMbXwRTkun8-00947-00251229-00251471 except for the treatable types listed
+PMbXwRTkun8-00948-00251471-00251756 above there is no cure cholinesterase
+PMbXwRTkun8-00949-00251757-00251992 inhibitors are often used early in the
+PMbXwRTkun8-00950-00251994-00252080 disorder course
+PMbXwRTkun8-00951-00252081-00252379 however benefit is generally small
+PMbXwRTkun8-00952-00252380-00252626 cognitive and behavioral interventions
+PMbXwRTkun8-00953-00252627-00252830 may be appropriate there is some
+PMbXwRTkun8-00954-00252831-00253010 evidence that educating and providing
+PMbXwRTkun8-00955-00253011-00253241 support for the person with dementia as
+PMbXwRTkun8-00956-00253242-00253454 well as caregivers and family members
+PMbXwRTkun8-00957-00253455-00253819 improves outcomes exercise programs are
+PMbXwRTkun8-00958-00253821-00254042 beneficial with respect to activities of
+PMbXwRTkun8-00959-00254042-00254237 daily living and potentially improve
+PMbXwRTkun8-00960-00254238-00254786 dementia
+PMbXwRTkun8-00961-00254787-00255453 topic psychological therapies
+PMbXwRTkun8-00962-00255454-00255676 psychological therapies for dementia
+PMbXwRTkun8-00963-00255677-00255841 includes some limited evidence for
+PMbXwRTkun8-00964-00255842-00256054 reminiscence therapy namely some
+PMbXwRTkun8-00965-00256055-00256285 positive effects in the areas of quality
+PMbXwRTkun8-00966-00256286-00256567 of life cognition communication and mood
+PMbXwRTkun8-00967-00256567-00256789 the first three particularly in care
+PMbXwRTkun8-00968-00256790-00257026 home settings some benefit for cognitive
+PMbXwRTkun8-00969-00257027-00257244 reframing for caretakers unclear
+PMbXwRTkun8-00970-00257246-00257448 evidence for validation therapy and
+PMbXwRTkun8-00971-00257450-00257662 tentative evidence for mental exercises
+PMbXwRTkun8-00972-00257663-00257929 such as cognitive stimulation programs
+PMbXwRTkun8-00973-00257930-00258106 for people with mild to moderate
+PMbXwRTkun8-00974-00258107-00258379 dementia reminiscence therapy can
+PMbXwRTkun8-00975-00258380-00258505 improve quality of life
+PMbXwRTkun8-00976-00258506-00258796 cognition communication and possibly
+PMbXwRTkun8-00977-00258796-00258996 mood in people with dementia in some
+PMbXwRTkun8-00978-00258998-00259183 circumstances although all of these
+PMbXwRTkun8-00979-00259184-00259405 benefits may be small adult day care
+PMbXwRTkun8-00980-00259406-00259663 centers as well as special care units in
+PMbXwRTkun8-00981-00259664-00259891 nursing homes often provide specialized
+PMbXwRTkun8-00982-00259892-00260200 care for dementia patients adult day
+PMbXwRTkun8-00983-00260201-00260392 care centers offer supervision
+PMbXwRTkun8-00984-00260392-00260694 recreation meals and limited health care
+PMbXwRTkun8-00985-00260696-00260917 to participants as well as providing
+PMbXwRTkun8-00986-00260917-00261238 respite for caregivers in addition home
+PMbXwRTkun8-00987-00261239-00261466 care can provide one-on-one support and
+PMbXwRTkun8-00988-00261467-00261625 care in the home allowing for more
+PMbXwRTkun8-00989-00261626-00261835 individualized attention that is needed
+PMbXwRTkun8-00990-00261836-00262156 as the disorder progresses psychiatric
+PMbXwRTkun8-00991-00262157-00262303 nurses can make a distinctive
+PMbXwRTkun8-00992-00262304-00262501 contribution to people's mental health
+PMbXwRTkun8-00993-00262502-00262690 since dementia impairs normal
+PMbXwRTkun8-00994-00262691-00262864 communication due to changes in
+PMbXwRTkun8-00995-00262865-00263074 receptive and expressive language as
+PMbXwRTkun8-00996-00263075-00263248 well as the ability to plan and
+PMbXwRTkun8-00997-00263249-00263518 problem-solve agitated behavior as often
+PMbXwRTkun8-00998-00263519-00263728 a form of communication for the person
+PMbXwRTkun8-00999-00263729-00264001 with dementia actively searching for a
+PMbXwRTkun8-01000-00264002-00264274 potential cause such as pain physical
+PMbXwRTkun8-01001-00264275-00264493 illness or over stimulation can be
+PMbXwRTkun8-01002-00264494-00264738 helpful in reducing agitation
+PMbXwRTkun8-01003-00264739-00265144 additionally using in ABC analysis of
+PMbXwRTkun8-01004-00265145-00265405 behavior can be a useful tool for
+PMbXwRTkun8-01005-00265406-00265627 understanding behavior in people with
+PMbXwRTkun8-01006-00265628-00265882 dementia it involves looking at the
+PMbXwRTkun8-01007-00265883-00266160 antecedents a behavior B and
+PMbXwRTkun8-01008-00266161-00266476 consequences C associated with an event
+PMbXwRTkun8-01009-00266477-00266665 to help define the problem and prevent
+PMbXwRTkun8-01010-00266666-00266860 further incidents that may arise if the
+PMbXwRTkun8-01011-00266861-00267133 person's needs are misunderstood the
+PMbXwRTkun8-01012-00267134-00267282 strongest evidence for non
+PMbXwRTkun8-01013-00267283-00267469 pharmacological therapies for the
+PMbXwRTkun8-01014-00267470-00267649 management of changed behaviors in
+PMbXwRTkun8-01015-00267650-00267864 dementia is for using such approaches
+PMbXwRTkun8-01016-00267865-00268123 there is low-quality evidence that
+PMbXwRTkun8-01017-00268124-00268372 regular at least 5 sessions of music
+PMbXwRTkun8-01018-00268373-00268540 therapy may help residents in
+PMbXwRTkun8-01019-00268541-00268704 institutions
+PMbXwRTkun8-01020-00268705-00268920 it may reduce depressive symptoms and
+PMbXwRTkun8-01021-00268921-00269172 improve overall behavior there may also
+PMbXwRTkun8-01022-00269173-00269400 be a beneficial effect on emotional
+PMbXwRTkun8-01023-00269401-00269619 well-being and quality of life as well
+PMbXwRTkun8-01024-00269620-00270257 as anxiety reduction
+PMbXwRTkun8-01025-00270258-00270807 topic medications
+PMbXwRTkun8-01026-00270808-00271015 no medications have been shown to
+PMbXwRTkun8-01027-00271016-00271308 prevent or cure dementia medications may
+PMbXwRTkun8-01028-00271309-00271489 be used to treat the behavioral and
+PMbXwRTkun8-01029-00271490-00271710 cognitive symptoms but have no effect on
+PMbXwRTkun8-01030-00271711-00271877 the underlying disease process
+PMbXwRTkun8-01031-00271878-00272148 acetylcholinesterase inhibitors such as
+PMbXwRTkun8-01032-00272149-00272355 Dona pizzelle may be useful for
+PMbXwRTkun8-01033-00272356-00272539 Alzheimer disease and dementia in
+PMbXwRTkun8-01034-00272540-00272955 Parkinson's dlb or vascular dementia the
+PMbXwRTkun8-01035-00272956-00273177 quality of the evidence however is poor
+PMbXwRTkun8-01036-00273178-00273463 and the benefit is small no difference
+PMbXwRTkun8-01037-00273464-00273651 has been shown between the agents in
+PMbXwRTkun8-01038-00273652-00273930 this family in a minority of people side
+PMbXwRTkun8-01039-00273931-00274146 effects include a slow heart rate and
+PMbXwRTkun8-01040-00274147-00274363 fainting as assessment for an underlying
+PMbXwRTkun8-01041-00274364-00274548 cause of the behavior as needed before
+PMbXwRTkun8-01042-00274549-00274816 prescribing antipsychotic medication for
+PMbXwRTkun8-01043-00274817-00275140 symptoms of dementia antipsychotic drugs
+PMbXwRTkun8-01044-00275141-00275349 should be used to treat dementia only if
+PMbXwRTkun8-01045-00275350-00275563 non drug therapies have not worked and
+PMbXwRTkun8-01046-00275564-00275784 the person's actions threaten themselves
+PMbXwRTkun8-01047-00275785-00276081 or others aggressive behavior changes
+PMbXwRTkun8-01048-00276082-00276234 are sometimes the result of other
+PMbXwRTkun8-01049-00276235-00276426 solvable problems that could make
+PMbXwRTkun8-01050-00276427-00276606 treatment with antipsychotics
+PMbXwRTkun8-01051-00276607-00276889 unnecessary because people with dementia
+PMbXwRTkun8-01052-00276890-00277101 can be aggressive resistant to their
+PMbXwRTkun8-01053-00277102-00277296 treatment and otherwise disruptive
+PMbXwRTkun8-01054-00277297-00277521 sometimes antipsychotic drugs are
+PMbXwRTkun8-01055-00277522-00277727 considered as a therapy in response
+PMbXwRTkun8-01056-00277728-00278041 these drugs have risky adverse effects
+PMbXwRTkun8-01057-00278042-00278253 including increasing the person's chance
+PMbXwRTkun8-01058-00278254-00278544 of stroke and death given these adverse
+PMbXwRTkun8-01059-00278545-00278791 events and small benefit antipsychotics
+PMbXwRTkun8-01060-00278792-00279017 should be avoided whenever possible
+PMbXwRTkun8-01061-00279018-00279297 generally stopping antipsychotics for
+PMbXwRTkun8-01062-00279298-00279480 people with dementia does not cause
+PMbXwRTkun8-01063-00279481-00279699 problems even in those who have been on
+PMbXwRTkun8-01064-00279700-00279948 them a long time and methyl D aspartate
+PMbXwRTkun8-01065-00279949-00280269 NMDA receptor blockers such as memantine
+PMbXwRTkun8-01066-00280270-00280467 may be of benefit but the evidence is
+PMbXwRTkun8-01067-00280468-00280770 less conclusive than for a case due to
+PMbXwRTkun8-01068-00280771-00280923 their differing mechanisms of action
+PMbXwRTkun8-01069-00280924-00281096 memantine and acetylcholinesterase
+PMbXwRTkun8-01070-00281097-00281304 inhibitors can be used in combination
+PMbXwRTkun8-01071-00281305-00281553 however the benefit is slight while
+PMbXwRTkun8-01072-00281554-00281778 depression is frequently associated with
+PMbXwRTkun8-01073-00281779-00281996 dementia selective serotonin reuptake
+PMbXwRTkun8-01074-00281997-00282345 inhibitors SSRIs do not appear to affect
+PMbXwRTkun8-01075-00282346-00282715 outcomes the SSRIs sertraline in
+PMbXwRTkun8-01076-00282716-00282909 citalopram have been demonstrated to
+PMbXwRTkun8-01077-00282910-00283165 reduce symptoms of agitation compared to
+PMbXwRTkun8-01078-00283166-00283390 placebo the use of medications to
+PMbXwRTkun8-01079-00283391-00283615 alleviate sleep disturbances that people
+PMbXwRTkun8-01080-00283616-00283816 with dementia often experience has not
+PMbXwRTkun8-01081-00283817-00284004 been well researched even for
+PMbXwRTkun8-01082-00284005-00284176 medications that are commonly
+PMbXwRTkun8-01083-00284177-00284545 scribed in 2012 the American geriatric
+PMbXwRTkun8-01084-00284546-00284803 Society recommended that benzodiazepines
+PMbXwRTkun8-01085-00284804-00285097 such as diazepam and non benzodiazepine
+PMbXwRTkun8-01086-00285098-00285310 hypnotics be avoided for people with
+PMbXwRTkun8-01087-00285311-00285505 dementia due to the risks of increased
+PMbXwRTkun8-01088-00285506-00285741 cognitive impairment and Falls
+PMbXwRTkun8-01089-00285742-00285937 additionally there is little evidence
+PMbXwRTkun8-01090-00285938-00286192 for the effectiveness of benzodiazepines
+PMbXwRTkun8-01091-00286193-00286480 in this population there is no clear
+PMbXwRTkun8-01092-00286481-00286666 evidence that melatonin or ramelteon
+PMbXwRTkun8-01093-00286667-00286882 improves sleep for people with dementia
+PMbXwRTkun8-01094-00286883-00287182 due to Alzheimer's disease there is
+PMbXwRTkun8-01095-00287183-00287365 limited evidence that a low dose of
+PMbXwRTkun8-01096-00287366-00287608 trazodone may improve sleep however more
+PMbXwRTkun8-01097-00287609-00287809 research is needed there is no solid
+PMbXwRTkun8-01098-00287810-00288055 evidence that folate or vitamin b12
+PMbXwRTkun8-01099-00288056-00288229 improves outcomes in those with
+PMbXwRTkun8-01100-00288230-00288384 cognitive problems
+PMbXwRTkun8-01101-00288385-00288717 statins also have no benefit in dementia
+PMbXwRTkun8-01102-00288718-00288949 medications for other health conditions
+PMbXwRTkun8-01103-00288950-00289141 may need to be managed differently for a
+PMbXwRTkun8-01104-00289142-00289366 person who also has a diagnosis of
+PMbXwRTkun8-01105-00289367-00289645 dementia it is unclear if there is a
+PMbXwRTkun8-01106-00289646-00289867 link between blood pressure medication
+PMbXwRTkun8-01107-00289868-00290134 and dementia there is a possibility that
+PMbXwRTkun8-01108-00290135-00290353 people may experience an increase in
+PMbXwRTkun8-01109-00290354-00290581 cardiovascular related events if these
+PMbXwRTkun8-01110-00290582-00290815 medications are withdrawn the medication
+PMbXwRTkun8-01111-00290816-00291019 appropriateness tool for comorbid health
+PMbXwRTkun8-01112-00291020-00291310 conditions in dementia match D criteria
+PMbXwRTkun8-01113-00291311-00291568 can help identify ways that a diagnosis
+PMbXwRTkun8-01114-00291569-00291751 of dementia changes medication
+PMbXwRTkun8-01115-00291752-00291942 management for other health conditions
+PMbXwRTkun8-01116-00291943-00292204 these criteria were developed because
+PMbXwRTkun8-01117-00292205-00292384 people with dementia live with an
+PMbXwRTkun8-01118-00292385-00292549 average of five other chronic diseases
+PMbXwRTkun8-01119-00292550-00293334 which are often managed with medications
+PMbXwRTkun8-01120-00293335-00293820 topic pain
+PMbXwRTkun8-01121-00293821-00294090 as people age they experience more
+PMbXwRTkun8-01122-00294091-00294330 health problems and most health problems
+PMbXwRTkun8-01123-00294331-00294504 associated with aging carry a
+PMbXwRTkun8-01124-00294505-00294732 substantial burden of pain therefore
+PMbXwRTkun8-01125-00294733-00295058 between 25% and 50% of older adults
+PMbXwRTkun8-01126-00295059-00295409 experience persistent pain seniors with
+PMbXwRTkun8-01127-00295410-00295629 dementia experience the same prevalence
+PMbXwRTkun8-01128-00295630-00295832 of conditions likely to cause pain as
+PMbXwRTkun8-01129-00295833-00296118 seniors without dementia pain is often
+PMbXwRTkun8-01130-00296119-00296325 overlooked in older adults and when
+PMbXwRTkun8-01131-00296326-00296523 screened for often poorly assessed
+PMbXwRTkun8-01132-00296524-00296712 especially among those with dementia
+PMbXwRTkun8-01133-00296713-00296955 since they become incapable of informing
+PMbXwRTkun8-01134-00296956-00297213 others that they're in pain beyond the
+PMbXwRTkun8-01135-00297214-00297489 issue of humane care unrelieved pain has
+PMbXwRTkun8-01136-00297490-00297807 functional implications persistent pain
+PMbXwRTkun8-01137-00297808-00297978 can lead to decreased ambulation
+PMbXwRTkun8-01138-00297979-00298230 depressed mood sleep disturbances
+PMbXwRTkun8-01139-00298231-00298494 impaired appetite and exacerbation of
+PMbXwRTkun8-01140-00298495-00298692 cognitive impairment and pain related
+PMbXwRTkun8-01141-00298693-00298923 interference with activity as a factor
+PMbXwRTkun8-01142-00298924-00299124 contributing to falls in the elderly
+PMbXwRTkun8-01143-00299125-00299333 although persistent pain in the person
+PMbXwRTkun8-01144-00299334-00299483 with dementia is difficult to
+PMbXwRTkun8-01145-00299484-00299772 communicate diagnose and treat failure
+PMbXwRTkun8-01146-00299773-00300006 to address persistent pain has profound
+PMbXwRTkun8-01147-00300007-00300276 functional psychosocial and quality of
+PMbXwRTkun8-01148-00300277-00300482 life implications for this vulnerable
+PMbXwRTkun8-01149-00300483-00300774 population health professionals often
+PMbXwRTkun8-01150-00300775-00300983 lack the skills and usually lack the
+PMbXwRTkun8-01151-00300984-00301188 time needed to recognize accurately
+PMbXwRTkun8-01152-00301189-00301433 assess and adequately monitor pain in
+PMbXwRTkun8-01153-00301434-00301733 people with dementia family members and
+PMbXwRTkun8-01154-00301734-00301883 friends can make a valuable contribution
+PMbXwRTkun8-01155-00301884-00302157 to the care of a person with dementia by
+PMbXwRTkun8-01156-00302158-00302346 learning to recognize and assess their
+PMbXwRTkun8-01157-00302347-00302682 pain educational resources such as the
+PMbXwRTkun8-01158-00302683-00302904 understand pain and dementia tutorial
+PMbXwRTkun8-01159-00302905-00303132 and observational assessment tools are
+PMbXwRTkun8-01160-00303133-00303677 available
+PMbXwRTkun8-01161-00303678-00304256 topic eating difficulties
+PMbXwRTkun8-01162-00304257-00304457 persons with dementia may have
+PMbXwRTkun8-01163-00304458-00304679 difficulty eating whenever it is
+PMbXwRTkun8-01164-00304680-00304892 available as an option the recommended
+PMbXwRTkun8-01165-00304893-00305123 response to eating problems is having a
+PMbXwRTkun8-01166-00305124-00305318 caretaker to assisted feeding for the
+PMbXwRTkun8-01167-00305319-00305639 person a secondary option for people who
+PMbXwRTkun8-01168-00305640-00305810 cannot swallow effectively is to
+PMbXwRTkun8-01169-00305811-00306014 consider gastrostomy feeding tube
+PMbXwRTkun8-01170-00306015-00306250 placement as a way to give nutrition
+PMbXwRTkun8-01171-00306251-00306545 however in bringing person comfort and
+PMbXwRTkun8-01172-00306546-00306749 keeping functional status while lowering
+PMbXwRTkun8-01173-00306750-00306947 risk of aspiration pneumonia and death
+PMbXwRTkun8-01174-00306948-00307181 assistance with oral feeding is at least
+PMbXwRTkun8-01175-00307182-00307478 as good as tube feeding tube feeding is
+PMbXwRTkun8-01176-00307479-00307748 associated with agitation increased use
+PMbXwRTkun8-01177-00307749-00307961 of physical and chemical restraints and
+PMbXwRTkun8-01178-00307962-00308288 worsening pressure ulcers tube feedings
+PMbXwRTkun8-01179-00308289-00308555 may also cause fluid overload diarrhea
+PMbXwRTkun8-01180-00308556-00308873 abdominal pain local complications less
+PMbXwRTkun8-01181-00308874-00309089 human interaction and may increase the
+PMbXwRTkun8-01182-00309090-00309299 risk of aspiration benefits of this
+PMbXwRTkun8-01183-00309300-00309470 procedure in those with advanced
+PMbXwRTkun8-01184-00309471-00309770 dementia has not been shown the risks of
+PMbXwRTkun8-01185-00309771-00310028 using tube feeding include agitation the
+PMbXwRTkun8-01186-00310029-00310238 person pulling out the tube or otherwise
+PMbXwRTkun8-01187-00310239-00310409 being physically or chemically
+PMbXwRTkun8-01188-00310410-00310580 immobilized to prevent them from doing
+PMbXwRTkun8-01189-00310581-00310910 this or getting pressure ulcers there is
+PMbXwRTkun8-01190-00310911-00311171 about a 1% fatality rate directly
+PMbXwRTkun8-01191-00311172-00311423 related to the procedure with a 3% major
+PMbXwRTkun8-01192-00311424-00311720 complication rate the percentage of
+PMbXwRTkun8-01193-00311721-00311882 people at the end of their life with
+PMbXwRTkun8-01194-00311883-00312134 dementia using feeding tubes in the USA
+PMbXwRTkun8-01195-00312135-00312518 has dropped from 12% in 2000 to 6% as of
+PMbXwRTkun8-01196-00312519-00313101 2014
+PMbXwRTkun8-01197-00313102-00313602 topic diet
+PMbXwRTkun8-01198-00313603-00313836 in those with celiac disease our
+PMbXwRTkun8-01199-00313837-00314100 non-celiac gluten sensitivity a strict
+PMbXwRTkun8-01200-00314101-00314274 gluten-free diet may relieve the
+PMbXwRTkun8-01201-00314275-00314445 symptoms when there is a mild cognitive
+PMbXwRTkun8-01202-00314446-00314775 impairment once dementia is advanced
+PMbXwRTkun8-01203-00314776-00314946 there is no evidence that a gluten-free
+PMbXwRTkun8-01204-00314947-00315568 diet is useful
+PMbXwRTkun8-01205-00315569-00316188 topic alternative medicine
+PMbXwRTkun8-01206-00316189-00316431 aromatherapy and massage have unclear
+PMbXwRTkun8-01207-00316432-00316672 evidence there have been Studies on the
+PMbXwRTkun8-01208-00316673-00316897 efficacy and safety of cannabinoids in
+PMbXwRTkun8-01209-00316898-00317053 relieving behavioral and psychological
+PMbXwRTkun8-01210-00317054-00317404 symptoms of dementia omega-3 fatty acid
+PMbXwRTkun8-01211-00317405-00317617 supplements from plants or fish sources
+PMbXwRTkun8-01212-00317618-00317839 do not appear to benefit or harm people
+PMbXwRTkun8-01213-00317840-00317974 with mild to moderate Alzheimer's
+PMbXwRTkun8-01214-00317975-00318357 disease it is unclear if taking omega-3
+PMbXwRTkun8-01215-00318358-00318604 fatty acid supplements can improve other
+PMbXwRTkun8-01216-00318605-00319207 types of dementia
+PMbXwRTkun8-01217-00319208-00319768 topic palliative care
+PMbXwRTkun8-01218-00319769-00319975 given the progressive and terminal
+PMbXwRTkun8-01219-00319976-00320205 nature of dementia palliative care can
+PMbXwRTkun8-01220-00320206-00320350 be helpful to patients and their
+PMbXwRTkun8-01221-00320351-00320551 caregivers by helping both people with
+PMbXwRTkun8-01222-00320552-00320701 the disorder and their caregivers
+PMbXwRTkun8-01223-00320702-00320934 understand what to expect deal with loss
+PMbXwRTkun8-01224-00320935-00321163 of physical and mental abilities plan
+PMbXwRTkun8-01225-00321164-00321322 out a patient's wishes and goals
+PMbXwRTkun8-01226-00321323-00321538 including surrogate decision-making and
+PMbXwRTkun8-01227-00321539-00321823 discuss wishes for or against CPR and
+PMbXwRTkun8-01228-00321824-00322102 life support because the decline can be
+PMbXwRTkun8-01229-00322103-00322339 rapid and because most people prefer to
+PMbXwRTkun8-01230-00322340-00322519 allow the person with dementia to make
+PMbXwRTkun8-01231-00322520-00322728 their own decisions palliative care
+PMbXwRTkun8-01232-00322729-00322905 involvement before the late stages of
+PMbXwRTkun8-01233-00322906-00323205 dementia is recommended further research
+PMbXwRTkun8-01234-00323206-00323416 is required to determine the appropriate
+PMbXwRTkun8-01235-00323417-00323599 palliative care interventions and how
+PMbXwRTkun8-01236-00323600-00323776 well they help people with advanced
+PMbXwRTkun8-01237-00323777-00323998 dementia person-centered care helps
+PMbXwRTkun8-01238-00323999-00324175 maintain the dignity of people with
+PMbXwRTkun8-01239-00324176-00324745 dementia
+PMbXwRTkun8-01240-00324746-00325337 topic epidemiology
+PMbXwRTkun8-01241-00325338-00325534 the number of cases of dementia
+PMbXwRTkun8-01242-00325535-00325793 worldwide in 2010 was estimated at
+PMbXwRTkun8-01243-00325794-00326168 thirty five point six million in 2015
+PMbXwRTkun8-01244-00326169-00326383 forty-six point eight million people
+PMbXwRTkun8-01245-00326384-00326639 live with dementia with 58 percent
+PMbXwRTkun8-01246-00326640-00326779 living in low and middle-income
+PMbXwRTkun8-01247-00326780-00327044 countries the prevalence of dementia
+PMbXwRTkun8-01248-00327045-00327250 differs in different world regions
+PMbXwRTkun8-01249-00327251-00327502 ranging from four point seven percent in
+PMbXwRTkun8-01250-00327503-00327676 Central Europe to eight point seven
+PMbXwRTkun8-01251-00327677-00327955 percent in North Africa Middle East the
+PMbXwRTkun8-01252-00327956-00328177 prevalence in other regions is estimated
+PMbXwRTkun8-01253-00328178-00328412 to be between five point six and seven
+PMbXwRTkun8-01254-00328413-00328694 point six percent the number of people
+PMbXwRTkun8-01255-00328695-00328903 living with dementia is estimated to
+PMbXwRTkun8-01256-00328904-00329063 double every 20 years
+PMbXwRTkun8-01257-00329064-00329485 in 2013 dementia resulted in about 1.7
+PMbXwRTkun8-01258-00329486-00329714 million deaths up from zero point eight
+PMbXwRTkun8-01259-00329715-00330065 million in 1990 around two-thirds of
+PMbXwRTkun8-01260-00330066-00330266 individuals with dementia live in low
+PMbXwRTkun8-01261-00330267-00330464 and middle income countries where the
+PMbXwRTkun8-01262-00330465-00330646 sharpest increases in numbers are
+PMbXwRTkun8-01263-00330647-00330832 predicted the annual incidence of
+PMbXwRTkun8-01264-00330833-00331046 dementia is over nine point nine million
+PMbXwRTkun8-01265-00331047-00331330 worldwide almost half of the new cases
+PMbXwRTkun8-01266-00331331-00331606 of dementia occur in Asia followed by
+PMbXwRTkun8-01267-00331607-00332069 Europe 25% the Americas 18% and Africa
+PMbXwRTkun8-01268-00332070-00332441 8% the incidence of dementia increases
+PMbXwRTkun8-01269-00332442-00332629 exponentially with increase in age
+PMbXwRTkun8-01270-00332630-00332942 doubling with every 6.3 year increase in
+PMbXwRTkun8-01271-00332943-00333271 age dementia affecting 5% of the
+PMbXwRTkun8-01272-00333272-00333577 population older than 65 and 20 to 40
+PMbXwRTkun8-01273-00333578-00333907 percent of those older than 85 rates are
+PMbXwRTkun8-01274-00333908-00334091 slightly higher in women than men at
+PMbXwRTkun8-01275-00334092-00334408 ages 65 and greater dementia impacts not
+PMbXwRTkun8-01276-00334409-00334637 only the individuals with dementia but
+PMbXwRTkun8-01277-00334638-00334872 also their carers in the wider society
+PMbXwRTkun8-01278-00334873-00335168 among people aged 60 years and over
+PMbXwRTkun8-01279-00335169-00335359 dementia has ranked the ninth most
+PMbXwRTkun8-01280-00335360-00335545 burdensome condition according to the
+PMbXwRTkun8-01281-00335546-00335840 2010 global burden of disease GBD
+PMbXwRTkun8-01282-00335841-00336103 estimates the global costs of dementia
+PMbXwRTkun8-01283-00336104-00336277 is around eight hundred 18 billion
+PMbXwRTkun8-01284-00336278-00336593 united states dollars in 2015 a thirty
+PMbXwRTkun8-01285-00336594-00336802 five point four percent increase from
+PMbXwRTkun8-01286-00336803-00337024 six hundred four billion United States
+PMbXwRTkun8-01287-00337025-00337681 dollars in 2010
+PMbXwRTkun8-01288-00337682-00338209 topic history
+PMbXwRTkun8-01289-00338210-00338430 until the end of the 19th century
+PMbXwRTkun8-01290-00338431-00338677 dementia was a much broader clinical
+PMbXwRTkun8-01291-00338678-00338758 concept
+PMbXwRTkun8-01292-00338759-00339044 it included mental illness and any type
+PMbXwRTkun8-01293-00339045-00339272 of psychosocial in capacity including
+PMbXwRTkun8-01294-00339273-00339501 conditions that could be reversed
+PMbXwRTkun8-01295-00339502-00339770 dementia at this time simply referred to
+PMbXwRTkun8-01296-00339771-00339941 anyone who had lost the ability to
+PMbXwRTkun8-01297-00339942-00340139 reason and was applied equally to
+PMbXwRTkun8-01298-00340140-00340455 psychosis of mental illness organic
+PMbXwRTkun8-01299-00340456-00340715 diseases like syphilis that destroy the
+PMbXwRTkun8-01300-00340716-00340924 brain and to the dementia associated
+PMbXwRTkun8-01301-00340925-00341140 with old age which was attributed to
+PMbXwRTkun8-01302-00341141-00341572 hardening of the arteries dementia has
+PMbXwRTkun8-01303-00341573-00341785 been referred to in medical texts since
+PMbXwRTkun8-01304-00341786-00342007 antiquity one of the earliest known
+PMbXwRTkun8-01305-00342008-00342226 allusions to dementia is attributed to
+PMbXwRTkun8-01306-00342227-00342422 the seventh century BC Greek philosopher
+PMbXwRTkun8-01307-00342423-00342689 Pythagoras who divided the human
+PMbXwRTkun8-01308-00342690-00342941 lifespan into six distinct phases which
+PMbXwRTkun8-01309-00342942-00343372 were 0 to 6 infancy 7 to 21 adolescence
+PMbXwRTkun8-01310-00343373-00343828 22 to 49 young adulthood 50 to 60 to
+PMbXwRTkun8-01311-00343829-00344284 middle age 63 to 79 old age and 80 death
+PMbXwRTkun8-01312-00344285-00344623 advanced age the last two he described
+PMbXwRTkun8-01313-00344624-00344947 as the seni 'm a period of mental and
+PMbXwRTkun8-01314-00344948-00345151 physical decay and of the final phase
+PMbXwRTkun8-01315-00345152-00345371 being where the scene of mortal
+PMbXwRTkun8-01316-00345372-00345628 existence closes after a great length of
+PMbXwRTkun8-01317-00345629-00345887 time that very fortunately few of the
+PMbXwRTkun8-01318-00345888-00346135 human species arrived at where the mind
+PMbXwRTkun8-01319-00346136-00346351 is reduced to the imbecility of the
+PMbXwRTkun8-01320-00346352-00346828 first epoch of infancy in 550 BC the
+PMbXwRTkun8-01321-00346829-00347069 Greek Athenian statesman and poet Solon
+PMbXwRTkun8-01322-00347070-00347243 argued that the terms of a man's will
+PMbXwRTkun8-01323-00347244-00347444 might be invalidated if he exhibited
+PMbXwRTkun8-01324-00347445-00347703 loss of judgment due to advanced age
+PMbXwRTkun8-01325-00347704-00347993 Chinese medical texts made allusions to
+PMbXwRTkun8-01326-00347994-00348205 the condition as well and the characters
+PMbXwRTkun8-01327-00348206-00348550 for dementia translate literally to
+PMbXwRTkun8-01328-00348551-00348883 foolish old person Aristotle and Plato
+PMbXwRTkun8-01329-00348884-00349108 from ancient Greece spoke of the mental
+PMbXwRTkun8-01330-00349109-00349322 decay of advanced age but apparently
+PMbXwRTkun8-01331-00349323-00349469 simply viewed it as an inevitable
+PMbXwRTkun8-01332-00349470-00349723 process that affected all old men and
+PMbXwRTkun8-01333-00349724-00350032 which nothing could prevent Plato stated
+PMbXwRTkun8-01334-00350033-00350222 that the elderly were unsuited for any
+PMbXwRTkun8-01335-00350223-00350489 position of responsibility because there
+PMbXwRTkun8-01336-00350490-00350731 is not much acumen of the mind that once
+PMbXwRTkun8-01337-00350732-00350920 carried them in their youth those
+PMbXwRTkun8-01338-00350921-00351177 characteristics one would call judgment
+PMbXwRTkun8-01339-00351178-00351433 imagination power of reasoning and
+PMbXwRTkun8-01340-00351434-00351587 memory
+PMbXwRTkun8-01341-00351588-00351801 they see them gradually blunted by
+PMbXwRTkun8-01342-00351802-00352057 deterioration and can hardly fulfill
+PMbXwRTkun8-01343-00352058-00352418 their function for comparison the Roman
+PMbXwRTkun8-01344-00352419-00352613 statesman Cicero held a view much more
+PMbXwRTkun8-01345-00352614-00352862 in line with modern day medical wisdom
+PMbXwRTkun8-01346-00352863-00353032 that loss of mental function was not
+PMbXwRTkun8-01347-00353033-00353305 inevitable in the elderly and affected
+PMbXwRTkun8-01348-00353306-00353563 only those old men who were weak willed
+PMbXwRTkun8-01349-00353564-00353819 he spoke of how those who remained
+PMbXwRTkun8-01350-00353820-00354020 mentally active and eager to learn new
+PMbXwRTkun8-01351-00354021-00354207 things could stave off dementia
+PMbXwRTkun8-01352-00354208-00354547 however Cicero's views on aging although
+PMbXwRTkun8-01353-00354548-00354748 progressive were largely ignored in a
+PMbXwRTkun8-01354-00354749-00354896 world that would be dominated by
+PMbXwRTkun8-01355-00354897-00355096 Aristotle's medical writings for
+PMbXwRTkun8-01356-00355097-00355396 centuries subsequent physicians during
+PMbXwRTkun8-01357-00355397-00355624 the time of Roman Empire such as Galen
+PMbXwRTkun8-01358-00355625-00355828 and Celsus simply repeated the beliefs
+PMbXwRTkun8-01359-00355829-00356018 of Aristotle while adding few new
+PMbXwRTkun8-01360-00356019-00356274 contributions to medical knowledge
+PMbXwRTkun8-01361-00356275-00356530 Byzantine physicians sometimes wrote of
+PMbXwRTkun8-01362-00356531-00356722 dementia and it is recorded that at
+PMbXwRTkun8-01363-00356723-00356915 least seven emperors whose lifespans
+PMbXwRTkun8-01364-00356916-00357148 exceeded the age of 70 displayed signs
+PMbXwRTkun8-01365-00357149-00357488 of cognitive decline in Constantinople
+PMbXwRTkun8-01366-00357489-00357713 there existed special hospitals to house
+PMbXwRTkun8-01367-00357714-00357893 those diagnosed with dementia or
+PMbXwRTkun8-01368-00357894-00358123 insanity but these naturally did not
+PMbXwRTkun8-01369-00358124-00358289 apply to the Emperor's who were above
+PMbXwRTkun8-01370-00358290-00358450 the law and whose health conditions
+PMbXwRTkun8-01371-00358451-00358687 could not be publicly acknowledged
+PMbXwRTkun8-01372-00358688-00358945 otherwise little is recorded about
+PMbXwRTkun8-01373-00358946-00359173 dementia in Western medical texts for
+PMbXwRTkun8-01374-00359174-00359545 nearly 1700 years one of the few
+PMbXwRTkun8-01375-00359546-00359741 references to it was the 13th century
+PMbXwRTkun8-01376-00359742-00360025 friar Roger Bacon who viewed old age as
+PMbXwRTkun8-01377-00360026-00360215 divine punishment for original sin
+PMbXwRTkun8-01378-00360216-00360457 although he repeated existing
+PMbXwRTkun8-01379-00360458-00360662 Aristotelian beliefs that dementia was
+PMbXwRTkun8-01380-00360663-00360883 inevitable after a long enough lifespan
+PMbXwRTkun8-01381-00360884-00361060 he did make the extremely progressive
+PMbXwRTkun8-01382-00361061-00361268 assertion that the brain was the center
+PMbXwRTkun8-01383-00361269-00361429 of memory and thought rather than the
+PMbXwRTkun8-01384-00361430-00361763 heart poets playwrights and other
+PMbXwRTkun8-01385-00361764-00361991 writers however made frequent allusions
+PMbXwRTkun8-01386-00361992-00362182 to the loss of mental function in old
+PMbXwRTkun8-01387-00362183-00362503 age Shakespeare notably mentions it in
+PMbXwRTkun8-01388-00362504-00362720 some of his plays including Hamlet and
+PMbXwRTkun8-01389-00362721-00363003 King Lear during the 19th century
+PMbXwRTkun8-01390-00363004-00363235 doctors generally came to believe that
+PMbXwRTkun8-01391-00363236-00363445 dementia in the elderly was the result
+PMbXwRTkun8-01392-00363446-00363679 of cerebral atherosclerosis although
+PMbXwRTkun8-01393-00363680-00363893 opinions fluctuated between the idea
+PMbXwRTkun8-01394-00363894-00364075 that it was due to blockage of the major
+PMbXwRTkun8-01395-00364076-00364282 arteries supplying the brain or small
+PMbXwRTkun8-01396-00364283-00364439 strokes within the vessels of the
+PMbXwRTkun8-01397-00364440-00364756 cerebral cortex this viewpoint remained
+PMbXwRTkun8-01398-00364757-00364943 conventional medical wisdom through the
+PMbXwRTkun8-01399-00364944-00364976 fur
+PMbXwRTkun8-01400-00364977-00365194 half of the twentieth century but by the
+PMbXwRTkun8-01401-00365195-00365468 1960s was increasingly challenged as the
+PMbXwRTkun8-01402-00365469-00365672 link between neurodegenerative diseases
+PMbXwRTkun8-01403-00365673-00365906 and age-related cognitive decline was
+PMbXwRTkun8-01404-00365907-00366287 established by the 1970s the medical
+PMbXwRTkun8-01405-00366288-00366473 community maintained that vascular
+PMbXwRTkun8-01406-00366474-00366647 dementia was rarer than previously
+PMbXwRTkun8-01407-00366648-00366854 thought and Alzheimer's disease caused
+PMbXwRTkun8-01408-00366855-00367076 the vast majority of mental impairments
+PMbXwRTkun8-01409-00367077-00367418 in old age more recently however it is
+PMbXwRTkun8-01410-00367419-00367592 believed that dementia is often a
+PMbXwRTkun8-01411-00367593-00367910 mixture of both conditions much like
+PMbXwRTkun8-01412-00367911-00368132 other diseases associated with aging
+PMbXwRTkun8-01413-00368133-00368351 dementia was comparatively rare before
+PMbXwRTkun8-01414-00368352-00368600 the 20th century due to the fact that it
+PMbXwRTkun8-01415-00368601-00368825 is most common in people over 80 and
+PMbXwRTkun8-01416-00368826-00369029 such lifespans were uncommon in
+PMbXwRTkun8-01417-00369030-00369205 pre-industrial times
+PMbXwRTkun8-01418-00369206-00369467 conversely syphilitic dementia was
+PMbXwRTkun8-01419-00369468-00369671 widespread in the developed world until
+PMbXwRTkun8-01420-00369672-00369875 largely being eradicated by the use of
+PMbXwRTkun8-01421-00369876-00370184 penicillin after World War two with
+PMbXwRTkun8-01422-00370185-00370402 significant increases in life expectancy
+PMbXwRTkun8-01423-00370403-00370676 following World War two the number of
+PMbXwRTkun8-01424-00370677-00370928 people in developed countries over 65
+PMbXwRTkun8-01425-00370929-00371237 started rapidly climbing while elderly
+PMbXwRTkun8-01426-00371238-00371504 persons constituted an average of 3 to 5
+PMbXwRTkun8-01427-00371505-00371786 percent of the population prior to 1945
+PMbXwRTkun8-01428-00371787-00372056 by 2010 it was common in many countries
+PMbXwRTkun8-01429-00372057-00372329 to have 10 to 14 percent of people over
+PMbXwRTkun8-01430-00372330-00372626 65 and in Germany and Japan this figure
+PMbXwRTkun8-01431-00372627-00372962 exceeded 20% public awareness of
+PMbXwRTkun8-01432-00372963-00373130 Alzheimer's disease was greatly
+PMbXwRTkun8-01433-00373131-00373421 increased in 1994 when former US
+PMbXwRTkun8-01434-00373422-00373619 President Ronald Reagan announced that
+PMbXwRTkun8-01435-00373620-00373823 he had been diagnosed with the condition
+PMbXwRTkun8-01436-00373824-00374114 in the more recent history of dementia
+PMbXwRTkun8-01437-00374115-00374363 some hospitals in London have found that
+PMbXwRTkun8-01438-00374364-00374615 using color designs pictures and lights
+PMbXwRTkun8-01439-00374616-00374825 have helped dementia patients adjust to
+PMbXwRTkun8-01440-00374826-00375110 being at the hospital these adjustments
+PMbXwRTkun8-01441-00375111-00375284 to the layout of the dementia wings that
+PMbXwRTkun8-01442-00375285-00375482 these hospitals have helped patients by
+PMbXwRTkun8-01443-00375483-00375687 preventing confusion
+PMbXwRTkun8-01444-00375688-00376095 you
+PMbXwRTkun8-01445-00376096-00376641 topic terminology
+PMbXwRTkun8-01446-00376642-00376904 dementia in the elderly has previously
+PMbXwRTkun8-01447-00376905-00377112 been called senile dementia or senility
+PMbXwRTkun8-01448-00377113-00377316 and viewed as a normal and somewhat
+PMbXwRTkun8-01449-00377317-00377547 inevitable aspect of growing old rather
+PMbXwRTkun8-01450-00377548-00377721 than is being caused by any specific
+PMbXwRTkun8-01451-00377722-00378134 diseases the terminology senile dementia
+PMbXwRTkun8-01452-00378135-00378638 or senility is no longer recommended in
+PMbXwRTkun8-01453-00378639-00378999 1907 a specific organic dementia causing
+PMbXwRTkun8-01454-00379000-00379191 process of early onset called
+PMbXwRTkun8-01455-00379192-00379524 Alzheimer's disease was described this
+PMbXwRTkun8-01456-00379525-00379709 was associated with particular
+PMbXwRTkun8-01457-00379710-00379950 microscopic changes in the brain but was
+PMbXwRTkun8-01458-00379951-00380126 seen as a rare disease of middle age
+PMbXwRTkun8-01459-00380127-00380349 because the first person diagnosed with
+PMbXwRTkun8-01460-00380350-00380697 it was a 50 year old woman by the period
+PMbXwRTkun8-01461-00380698-00381005 of 1913 to 20 schizophrenia had been
+PMbXwRTkun8-01462-00381006-00381216 well defined in a way similar to today
+PMbXwRTkun8-01463-00381217-00381458 and also the term dementia praecox had
+PMbXwRTkun8-01464-00381459-00381656 been used to suggest the development of
+PMbXwRTkun8-01465-00381657-00381877 senile type dementia at a younger age
+PMbXwRTkun8-01466-00381878-00382215 eventually the two terms fused so that
+PMbXwRTkun8-01467-00382216-00382491 until 1952 physicians used the terms
+PMbXwRTkun8-01468-00382492-00382754 dementia praecox precocious dementia and
+PMbXwRTkun8-01469-00382755-00383060 schizophrenia interchangeably the term
+PMbXwRTkun8-01470-00383061-00383249 precocious dementia for a mental illness
+PMbXwRTkun8-01471-00383250-00383480 suggested that a type of mental illness
+PMbXwRTkun8-01472-00383481-00383712 like schizophrenia including paranoia
+PMbXwRTkun8-01473-00383713-00383957 and decreased cognitive capacity could
+PMbXwRTkun8-01474-00383958-00384149 be expected to arrive normally in all
+PMbXwRTkun8-01475-00384150-00384399 persons with greater age see para Freni
+PMbXwRTkun8-01476-00384400-00384762 a-- after about 1920 the beginning use
+PMbXwRTkun8-01477-00384763-00384956 of dementia for what is now understood
+PMbXwRTkun8-01478-00384957-00385149 as schizophrenia and senile dementia
+PMbXwRTkun8-01479-00385150-00385358 helped limit the words meaning to
+PMbXwRTkun8-01480-00385359-00385599 permanent irreversible mental
+PMbXwRTkun8-01481-00385600-00385947 deterioration this began the change to
+PMbXwRTkun8-01482-00385948-00386132 the more recognizable use of the term
+PMbXwRTkun8-01483-00386133-00386637 today in 1976 neurologist Robert Katzman
+PMbXwRTkun8-01484-00386638-00386847 suggested a link between senile dementia
+PMbXwRTkun8-01485-00386848-00387171 and Alzheimer's disease Katzman
+PMbXwRTkun8-01486-00387172-00387342 suggested that much of the senile
+PMbXwRTkun8-01487-00387343-00387584 dementia occurring by definition after
+PMbXwRTkun8-01488-00387585-00387851 the age of 65 was pathologically
+PMbXwRTkun8-01489-00387852-00388007 identical with Alzheimer's disease
+PMbXwRTkun8-01490-00388008-00388290 occurring before age 65 and therefore
+PMbXwRTkun8-01491-00388291-00388453 should not be treated differently
+PMbXwRTkun8-01492-00388454-00388910 he noted that senile dementia not being
+PMbXwRTkun8-01493-00388911-00389145 considered a disease but rather part of
+PMbXwRTkun8-01494-00389146-00389343 Aging was keeping millions of aged
+PMbXwRTkun8-01495-00389344-00389574 patients experiencing what otherwise was
+PMbXwRTkun8-01496-00389575-00389790 identical with Alzheimer's disease from
+PMbXwRTkun8-01497-00389791-00389976 being diagnosed as having a disease
+PMbXwRTkun8-01498-00389977-00390156 his process rather than simply
+PMbXwRTkun8-01499-00390157-00390453 considered as ageing normally Katzman
+PMbXwRTkun8-01500-00390454-00390663 thus suggested that Alzheimer's disease
+PMbXwRTkun8-01501-00390664-00390951 if taken to occur over age 65 is
+PMbXwRTkun8-01502-00390952-00391203 actually common not rare and was the
+PMbXwRTkun8-01503-00391204-00391389 fourth or fifth leading cause of death
+PMbXwRTkun8-01504-00391390-00391581 even though rarely reported on death
+PMbXwRTkun8-01505-00391582-00392004 certificates in 1976 this suggestion
+PMbXwRTkun8-01506-00392005-00392199 opened the view that dementia is never
+PMbXwRTkun8-01507-00392200-00392424 normal and must always be the result of
+PMbXwRTkun8-01508-00392425-00392664 a particular disease process and is not
+PMbXwRTkun8-01509-00392665-00392892 part of the normal healthy aging process
+PMbXwRTkun8-01510-00392893-00393234 per se the ensuing debate led for a time
+PMbXwRTkun8-01511-00393235-00393456 to the proposed disease diagnosis of
+PMbXwRTkun8-01512-00393457-00393759 senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type
+PMbXwRTkun8-01513-00393760-00394262 s dat in persons over the age of 65 with
+PMbXwRTkun8-01514-00394263-00394635 Alzheimer's disease diagnosed in persons
+PMbXwRTkun8-01515-00394636-00394845 younger than 65 who had the same
+PMbXwRTkun8-01516-00394846-00395193 pathology eventually however it was
+PMbXwRTkun8-01517-00395194-00395406 agreed that the age limit was artificial
+PMbXwRTkun8-01518-00395407-00395592 and that Alzheimer's disease was the
+PMbXwRTkun8-01519-00395593-00395763 appropriate term for persons with the
+PMbXwRTkun8-01520-00395764-00395994 particular brain pathology seen in this
+PMbXwRTkun8-01521-00395995-00396201 disorder regardless of the age of the
+PMbXwRTkun8-01522-00396202-00396501 person with the diagnosis a helpful
+PMbXwRTkun8-01523-00396502-00396681 finding was that although the incidence
+PMbXwRTkun8-01524-00396682-00396879 of Alzheimer's disease increased with
+PMbXwRTkun8-01525-00396880-00397239 age from 5 to 10% of 75 year olds to as
+PMbXwRTkun8-01526-00397240-00397530 many as 40 to 50 percent of 90 year olds
+PMbXwRTkun8-01527-00397531-00397716 there was no age at which all persons
+PMbXwRTkun8-01528-00397717-00397965 developed it so it was not an inevitable
+PMbXwRTkun8-01529-00397966-00398214 consequence of Aging no matter how great
+PMbXwRTkun8-01530-00398215-00398499 an age a person attained evidence of
+PMbXwRTkun8-01531-00398500-00398706 this is shown by numerous documented
+PMbXwRTkun8-01532-00398707-00399018 super centenarians people living to 110
+PMbXwRTkun8-01533-00399019-00399249 or more that experienced no serious
+PMbXwRTkun8-01534-00399250-00399498 cognitive impairment there is some
+PMbXwRTkun8-01535-00399499-00399720 evidence that dementia is most likely to
+PMbXwRTkun8-01536-00399721-00399912 develop between the ages of eighteen and
+PMbXwRTkun8-01537-00399913-00400110 eighty four and individuals who passed
+PMbXwRTkun8-01538-00400111-00400299 that point without being affected have a
+PMbXwRTkun8-01539-00400300-00400596 lower chance of developing it women
+PMbXwRTkun8-01540-00400597-00400773 account for a larger percentage of
+PMbXwRTkun8-01541-00400774-00400974 dementia cases than men although this
+PMbXwRTkun8-01542-00400975-00401133 can be attributed to their longer
+PMbXwRTkun8-01543-00401134-00401337 overall lifespan and greater odds of
+PMbXwRTkun8-01544-00401338-00401523 attaining an age where the condition is
+PMbXwRTkun8-01545-00401524-00401901 likely to occur also after 1952 mental
+PMbXwRTkun8-01546-00401902-00402081 illnesses like schizophrenia were
+PMbXwRTkun8-01547-00402082-00402276 removed from the category of organic
+PMbXwRTkun8-01548-00402277-00402476 brain syndromes and thus by definition
+PMbXwRTkun8-01549-00402477-00402723 removed from possible causes of
+PMbXwRTkun8-01550-00402724-00403122 dementing illnesses dementia at the same
+PMbXwRTkun8-01551-00403123-00403344 however the traditional cause of
+PMbXwRTkun8-01552-00403345-00403572 senile dementia hardening of the
+PMbXwRTkun8-01553-00403573-00403842 arteries now returned as a set of
+PMbXwRTkun8-01554-00403843-00404052 dementia zuv vascular cause small
+PMbXwRTkun8-01555-00404053-00404315 strokes these were now termed
+PMbXwRTkun8-01556-00404316-00404550 multi-infarct dementia Zoar vascular
+PMbXwRTkun8-01557-00404551-00404943 dementia in the 21st century a number of
+PMbXwRTkun8-01558-00404944-00405110 other types of dementia have been
+PMbXwRTkun8-01559-00405111-00405324 differentiated from Alzheimer's disease
+PMbXwRTkun8-01560-00405325-00405458 and vascular dementia
+PMbXwRTkun8-01561-00405459-00405689 these two being the most common types
+PMbXwRTkun8-01562-00405690-00405978 this differentiation is on the basis of
+PMbXwRTkun8-01563-00405979-00406197 pathological examination of brain
+PMbXwRTkun8-01564-00406198-00406437 tissues by symptomatology and by
+PMbXwRTkun8-01565-00406438-00406629 different patterns of brain metabolic
+PMbXwRTkun8-01566-00406630-00406856 activity in nuclear medical imaging
+PMbXwRTkun8-01567-00406857-00407073 tests such as SPECT and PET scans of the
+PMbXwRTkun8-01568-00407074-00407376 brain the various forms of dementia have
+PMbXwRTkun8-01569-00407377-00407633 differing prognosis expected outcome of
+PMbXwRTkun8-01570-00407634-00407844 illness and also differing sets of
+PMbXwRTkun8-01571-00407845-00408177 epidemiologic risk factors the causal
+PMbXwRTkun8-01572-00408178-00408390 etiology of many of them including
+PMbXwRTkun8-01573-00408391-00408621 Alzheimer's disease remains unclear
+PMbXwRTkun8-01574-00408622-00408837 although many theories exist such as
+PMbXwRTkun8-01575-00408838-00409080 accumulation of protein plaques as part
+PMbXwRTkun8-01576-00409081-00409331 of normal aging inflammation either from
+PMbXwRTkun8-01577-00409332-00409607 bacterial pathogens or exposure to toxic
+PMbXwRTkun8-01578-00409608-00409835 chemicals inadequate blood sugar and
+PMbXwRTkun8-01579-00409837-00410318 traumatic brain injury topic society and
+PMbXwRTkun8-01580-00410320-00410549 culture the societal cost of dementia is
+PMbXwRTkun8-01581-00410550-00410747 high especially for family caregivers
+PMbXwRTkun8-01582-00410748-00410978 many countries consider the care of
+PMbXwRTkun8-01583-00410979-00411189 people living with dementia a national
+PMbXwRTkun8-01584-00411189-00411410 priority and invest in resources in
+PMbXwRTkun8-01585-00411412-00411620 education to better inform health and
+PMbXwRTkun8-01586-00411621-00411888 social service workers unpaid caregivers
+PMbXwRTkun8-01587-00411889-00412097 relatives and members of the wider
+PMbXwRTkun8-01588-00412098-00412353 community several countries have
+PMbXwRTkun8-01589-00412354-00412641 national plans or strategies in these
+PMbXwRTkun8-01590-00412642-00412874 national plans there is recognition that
+PMbXwRTkun8-01591-00412875-00413072 people can live well with dementia for a
+PMbXwRTkun8-01592-00413073-00413276 number of years as long as there is the
+PMbXwRTkun8-01593-00413277-00413484 right support and timely access to a
+PMbXwRTkun8-01594-00413485-00413784 diagnosis the former British Prime
+PMbXwRTkun8-01595-00413785-00413997 Minister David Cameron has described
+PMbXwRTkun8-01596-00413997-00414224 dementia as being at national crisis
+PMbXwRTkun8-01597-00414225-00414507 affecting 800,000 people in the United
+PMbXwRTkun8-01598-00414508-00414726 Kingdom in the United Kingdom as with
+PMbXwRTkun8-01599-00414727-00414935 all mental disorders where people with
+PMbXwRTkun8-01600-00414937-00415143 dementia could potentially be a danger
+PMbXwRTkun8-01601-00415143-00415332 to themselves or others they can be
+PMbXwRTkun8-01602-00415333-00415497 detained under the Mental Health Act
+PMbXwRTkun8-01603-00415497-00415830 1983 for the purposes of assessment care
+PMbXwRTkun8-01604-00415831-00416135 and treatment this is a last resort and
+PMbXwRTkun8-01605-00416137-00416399 usually avoided if the person has family
+PMbXwRTkun8-01606-00416400-00416655 or friends who can ensure care
+PMbXwRTkun8-01607-00416656-00416853 some hospitals in Britain are working to
+PMbXwRTkun8-01608-00416854-00417147 provide enriched and friendlier care to
+PMbXwRTkun8-01609-00417147-00417332 make the hospital wards calmer and less
+PMbXwRTkun8-01610-00417333-00417557 overwhelming to the residents the staff
+PMbXwRTkun8-01611-00417558-00417753 is replacing the usual nurse's station
+PMbXwRTkun8-01612-00417754-00417966 with a collection of smaller desks
+PMbXwRTkun8-01613-00417967-00418245 similar to a receptionist's the
+PMbXwRTkun8-01614-00418246-00418455 incorporation of bright lighting helps
+PMbXwRTkun8-01615-00418456-00418662 increase positive mood and allow for the
+PMbXwRTkun8-01616-00418663-00418880 residents to see more easily driving
+PMbXwRTkun8-01617-00418881-00419043 with dementia could lead to severe
+PMbXwRTkun8-01618-00419043-00419300 injury or even death to self and others
+PMbXwRTkun8-01619-00419301-00419532 doctors should advise appropriate
+PMbXwRTkun8-01620-00419533-00419757 testing on when to quit driving the
+PMbXwRTkun8-01621-00419758-00420030 United Kingdom DVLA Driver and Vehicle
+PMbXwRTkun8-01622-00420031-00420306 Licensing Agency states that people with
+PMbXwRTkun8-01623-00420307-00420513 dementia who specifically have poor
+PMbXwRTkun8-01624-00420514-00420801 short-term memory disorientation or lack
+PMbXwRTkun8-01625-00420802-00421014 of insight or judgment are not fit to
+PMbXwRTkun8-01626-00421014-00421257 drive and in these instances the DVLA
+PMbXwRTkun8-01627-00421258-00421467 must be informed so that the driving
+PMbXwRTkun8-01628-00421468-00421775 license can be revoked they do however
+PMbXwRTkun8-01629-00421776-00422049 acknowledge low severity cases and those
+PMbXwRTkun8-01630-00422050-00422253 with an early diagnosis and those
+PMbXwRTkun8-01631-00422254-00422418 drivers may be permitted to drive
+PMbXwRTkun8-01632-00422418-00422742 pending medical reports many support
+PMbXwRTkun8-01633-00422743-00422922 networks are available to people with
+PMbXwRTkun8-01634-00422922-00423087 dementia and their families and
+PMbXwRTkun8-01635-00423088-00423338 caregivers several charitable
+PMbXwRTkun8-01636-00423339-00423570 organisations aim to raise awareness and
+PMbXwRTkun8-01637-00423571-00423762 campaign for the rights of people living
+PMbXwRTkun8-01638-00423763-00424064 with dementia there is also support and
+PMbXwRTkun8-01639-00424066-00424245 guidance on assessing testamentary
+PMbXwRTkun8-01640-00424246-00424485 capacity in people who have dementia in
+PMbXwRTkun8-01641-00424485-00424832 2015 Atlantic Philanthropies announced a
+PMbXwRTkun8-01642-00424833-00425079 177 million dollars gift aimed at
+PMbXwRTkun8-01643-00425080-00425376 understanding and reducing dementia the
+PMbXwRTkun8-01644-00425377-00425562 recipient was global brain health
+PMbXwRTkun8-01645-00425563-00425784 institute a program coat led by the
+PMbXwRTkun8-01646-00425785-00426003 University of California San Francisco
+PMbXwRTkun8-01647-00426004-00426387 and Trinity College Dublin this donation
+PMbXwRTkun8-01648-00426388-00426572 is the largest non-capital grant
+PMbXwRTkun8-01649-00426574-00426785 Atlantic has ever made and the biggest
+PMbXwRTkun8-01650-00426787-00427543 philanthropic donation in Irish history
+PMbXwRTkun8-01651-00427544-00428100 topic dental health
+PMbXwRTkun8-01652-00428101-00428331 there is limited evidence that links
+PMbXwRTkun8-01653-00428332-00428549 poor oral health to cognitive decline
+PMbXwRTkun8-01654-00428550-00428691 however
+PMbXwRTkun8-01655-00428692-00428913 failure to perform tooth brushing and
+PMbXwRTkun8-01656-00428914-00429105 gingival inflammation can be used as
+PMbXwRTkun8-01657-00429106-00429743 dementia risk predictors
+PMbXwRTkun8-01658-00429743-00430310 topic oral bacteria
+PMbXwRTkun8-01659-00430312-00430557 the link between Alzheimer's and gum
+PMbXwRTkun8-01660-00430558-00430839 disease as oral bacteria in the oral
+PMbXwRTkun8-01661-00430839-00431067 cavity a large number of bacterial
+PMbXwRTkun8-01662-00431068-00431268 species can be found including P
+PMbXwRTkun8-01663-00431268-00431568 gingivalis ethnically 'dom P intermedia
+PMbXwRTkun8-01664-00431568-00431918 and T forsythia six oral trêpa Meena
+PMbXwRTkun8-01665-00431920-00432141 spirochetes have also been examined in
+PMbXwRTkun8-01666-00432142-00432389 the brains of Alzheimer's patients
+PMbXwRTkun8-01667-00432389-00432647 spirochetes are neurotropic in nature
+PMbXwRTkun8-01668-00432649-00432867 meaning they act to destroy nerve tissue
+PMbXwRTkun8-01669-00432868-00433179 and create inflammation inflammatory
+PMbXwRTkun8-01670-00433180-00433343 pathogens are an indicator of
+PMbXwRTkun8-01671-00433345-00433605 Alzheimer's disease and bacteria related
+PMbXwRTkun8-01672-00433606-00433779 to gum disease have been found in the
+PMbXwRTkun8-01673-00433780-00433910 brains of Alzheimer's disease
+PMbXwRTkun8-01674-00433910-00434247 individuals the bacteria invade nerve
+PMbXwRTkun8-01675-00434247-00434445 tissue in the brain increasing the
+PMbXwRTkun8-01676-00434446-00434601 permeability of the blood-brain barrier
+PMbXwRTkun8-01677-00434602-00434805 and promoting the onset of Alzheimer's
+PMbXwRTkun8-01678-00434806-00435171 among the elderly population it has also
+PMbXwRTkun8-01679-00435172-00435351 been found that individuals with a
+PMbXwRTkun8-01680-00435352-00435555 plethora of tooth plaque have a risk of
+PMbXwRTkun8-01681-00435556-00435885 cognitive decline poor oral hygiene can
+PMbXwRTkun8-01682-00435885-00436118 also have an adverse effect on speech in
+PMbXwRTkun8-01683-00436120-00436338 nutrition causing general and cognitive
+PMbXwRTkun8-01684-00436339-00436509 health decline
+PMbXwRTkun8-01685-00436510-00436914 you
+PMbXwRTkun8-01686-00436915-00437489 topic oral viruses
+PMbXwRTkun8-01687-00437491-00437877 herpes simplex virus HSV has been found
+PMbXwRTkun8-01688-00437878-00438120 in over 70% of the 50 and older
+PMbXwRTkun8-01689-00438121-00438459 population HSV persists in the
+PMbXwRTkun8-01690-00438460-00438635 peripheral nervous system and can be
+PMbXwRTkun8-01691-00438637-00438878 triggered by stress illness or fatigue
+PMbXwRTkun8-01692-00438879-00439179 high proportions of viral associated
+PMbXwRTkun8-01693-00439180-00439392 proteins in amyloid containing plaques
+PMbXwRTkun8-01694-00439393-00439656 are neurofibrillary tangles and FTS
+PMbXwRTkun8-01695-00439657-00439932 highly confirm the involvement of hsv-1
+PMbXwRTkun8-01696-00439933-00440325 in Alzheimer's disease pathology NF TS
+PMbXwRTkun8-01697-00440326-00440510 are known as the primary marker of
+PMbXwRTkun8-01698-00440512-00440913 Alzheimer's disease hsv-1 produces the
+PMbXwRTkun8-01699-00440914-00441282 main components of NF TS
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00000-00000041-00000443 William Hubbs rehnquist October 1st 1924
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00001-00000444-00000743 to September 3rd 2005 was an American
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00002-00000744-00000919 Lawyer and jurist who served on the
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00003-00000921-00001118 Supreme Court of the United States for
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00004-00001119-00001354 33 years first as an Associate Justice
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00005-00001355-00001757 from 1972 to 1986 and then is the 16th
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00006-00001757-00001960 Chief Justice of the United States from
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00007-00001961-00002363 1986 until his death in 2005 considered
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00008-00002364-00002549 a conservative Rehnquist favored a
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00009-00002550-00002762 conception of federalism that emphasized
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00010-00002763-00002945 the 10th amendments reservation of
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00011-00002946-00003208 powers to the States under this view of
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00012-00003209-00003415 federalism the court for the first time
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00013-00003417-00003656 since the 1930s struck down an act of
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00014-00003657-00003829 Congress as exceeding its power under
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00015-00003830-00004118 the Commerce Clause born in Shorewood
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00016-00004119-00004367 Wisconsin Rehnquist pursued a legal
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00017-00004368-00004552 career in Phoenix Arizona after
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00018-00004553-00004838 graduating from Stanford Law School he
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00019-00004839-00005051 clerked for Associate Justice Robert H
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00020-00005052-00005318 Jackson during the Supreme Court's 1950
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00021-00005319-00005597 to 1953 term and served as a legal
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00022-00005598-00005788 advisor for Republican presidential
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00023-00005789-00006068 nominee Barry Goldwater in the 1964
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00024-00006069-00006464 election in 1969 President Richard Nixon
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00025-00006465-00006634 appointed Rehnquist as assistant
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00026-00006636-00006809 attorney general of the office of legal
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00027-00006809-00007195 counsel in 1971 Nixon nominated
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00028-00007197-00007388 Rehnquist to succeed Associate Justice
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00029-00007389-00007645 John Marshall Harlan - and Rehnquist won
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00030-00007647-00007855 Senate confirmation that same year
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00031-00007856-00008126 Rehnquist quickly established himself as
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00032-00008127-00008288 the most conservative member of the
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00033-00008289-00008645 burger court in 1986 President Ronald
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00034-00008646-00008864 Reagan nominated Rehnquist to succeed
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00035-00008865-00009098 retiring Chief Justice Warren burger and
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00036-00009099-00009364 Rehnquist again won Senate confirmation
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00037-00009365-00009620 Rehnquist served as chief justice for
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00038-00009621-00009833 nearly 19 years making him the fourth
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00039-00009834-00010031 longest serving chief justice and the
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00040-00010032-00010303 eighth longest serving justice he became
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00041-00010304-00010508 an intellectual and social leader of the
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00042-00010509-00010696 Rehnquist court earning respect even
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00043-00010697-00010903 from the justices who frequently opposed
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00044-00010904-00011164 his opinions though he remained a member
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00045-00011165-00011317 of the conservative wing of the court
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00046-00011318-00011563 associate justices Antonin Scalia and
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00047-00011564-00011759 Clarence Thomas were often regarded as
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00048-00011760-00011989 more conservative as chief justice
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00049-00011990-00012199 Rehnquist presided over the impeachment
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00050-00012200-00012445 trial of President Bill Clinton
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00051-00012446-00012710 Rehnquist wrote the majority opinions in
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00052-00012711-00013082 United States v Lopez 1995 and United
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00053-00013083-00013379 States v Morrison 2000 holding
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00054-00013380-00013580 both cases that Congress had exceeded
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00055-00013581-00013844 its power under the Commerce Clause he
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00056-00013844-00014180 opposed the courts roe v wade 1973
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00057-00014181-00014402 decision and continued to argue that Roe
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00058-00014403-00014588 had been incorrectly decided in Planned
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00059-00014588-00015080 Parenthood v Casey 1992 in Bush v Gore
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00060-00015081-00015322 2000 he voted with the courts majority
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00061-00015324-00015966 to end the Florida recount
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00062-00015966-00016638 topic early life rehnquist was born on
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00063-00016639-00016917 October 1st 1924 and grew up in the
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00064-00016918-00017196 Milwaukee suburb of Sherwood his father
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00065-00017197-00017430 William Benjamin Rehnquist was a sales
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00066-00017431-00017640 manager at various times for printing
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00067-00017641-00017859 equipment paper and medical supplies and
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00068-00017860-00018090 devices his mother Marjorie Peck
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00069-00018091-00018309 Rehnquist the daughter of a local
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00070-00018310-00018540 hardware store owner who also served as
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00071-00018541-00018699 an officer and director of a small
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00072-00018700-00018957 Insurance Company was a local civic
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00073-00018958-00019149 activists as well as translator and
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00074-00019150-00019416 homemaker his paternal grandparents
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00075-00019417-00019596 emigrated from Sweden Rehnquist
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00076-00019597-00019814 graduated from Shorewood high school in
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00077-00019815-00020160 1942 he attended Kenyon College in
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00078-00020161-00020418 Gambier Ohio for one quarter in the fall
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00079-00020419-00020733 of 1942 before entering the US Army Air
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00080-00020734-00021192 Forces he served from March 1943 to 1946
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00081-00021193-00021417 mostly in assignments in the United
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00082-00021418-00021725 States he was put into a pre meteorology
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00083-00021726-00021894 program and assigned to Denison
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00084-00021895-00022206 University until February 1944 when the
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00085-00022207-00022455 program was shut down he served three
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00086-00022456-00022697 months at Will Rogers Field in Oklahoma
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00087-00022698-00022917 City three months in Carlsbad New Mexico
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00088-00022918-00023202 and then went to Hondo Texas for a few
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00089-00023203-00023450 months he was then chosen for another
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00090-00023451-00023661 training program which began at Chanute
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00091-00023662-00023868 field Illinois and ended at Fort
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00092-00023869-00024131 Monmouth New Jersey the program was
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00093-00024132-00024291 designed to teach the maintenance and
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00094-00024292-00024540 repair of weather instruments in the
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00095-00024541-00024819 summer of 1945 Rehnquist went overseas
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00096-00024820-00025011 as a weather observer in North Africa
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00097-00025012-00025230 after the war Rehnquist attended
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00098-00025231-00025416 Stanford University with assistance
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00099-00025417-00025712 under the provisions of the GI Bill in
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00100-00025713-00025997 1948 he received both a Bachelor of Arts
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00101-00025998-00026189 and a Master of Arts degree in political
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00102-00026191-00026546 science in 1950 he attended Harvard
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00103-00026547-00026745 University where he received another
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00104-00026745-00026942 Master of Arts this time in government
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00105-00026943-00027198 he later returned to Stanford and
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00106-00027199-00027402 graduated from the Stanford Law School
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00107-00027402-00027614 in the same class as Sandra Day O'Connor
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00108-00027616-00027789 with whom he would serve on the Supreme
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00109-00027789-00028077 Court they briefly dated at Stanford and
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00110-00028077-00028275 Rehnquist even proposed marriage though
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00111-00028276-00028445 O'Connor declined as she was by then
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00112-00028447-00028689 dating her future husband Rehnquist
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00113-00028689-00029358 graduated first in his class
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00114-00029358-00029989 topic lock clerk at the Supreme Court
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00115-00029991-00030287 Rehnquist went to Washington DC to work
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00116-00030288-00030498 as a law clerk for Justice Robert H
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00117-00030499-00030689 Jackson of the United States Supreme
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00118-00030691-00031002 Court during the courts 1950 to 1953
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00119-00031002-00031305 term there he wrote a memorandum arguing
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00120-00031306-00031479 against federal court ordered school
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00121-00031480-00031640 disagree Gatien while the court was
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00122-00031641-00031854 considering the landmark case of brown v
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00123-00031855-00032162 board of education which was decided in
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00124-00032163-00032604 1954 Rehnquist's 1952 memo entitled a
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00125-00032605-00032885 random thought on the segregation cases
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00126-00032886-00033252 defended the separate-but-equal doctrine
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00127-00033253-00033512 in that memo Rehnquist said I realized
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00128-00033513-00033687 that it is an unpopular and unhu'
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00129-00033688-00033867 manatorian position for which I have
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00130-00033868-00034164 been excoriated by liberal colleagues
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00131-00034165-00034437 but I think Plessy v Ferguson was right
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00132-00034438-00034668 and should be reaffirmed to the argument
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00133-00034669-00034824 that a majority may not deprive a
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00134-00034825-00035055 minority of its constitutional right the
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00135-00035056-00035220 answer must be made that while this is
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00136-00035221-00035415 sound in theory in the long run it is
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00137-00035416-00035586 the majority who will determine what the
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00138-00035587-00035771 constitutional rights of the minority
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00139-00035772-00036198 are in both his 1971 Senate confirmation
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00140-00036199-00036396 hearing for Associate Justice and his
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00141-00036397-00036687 1986 hearing for Chief Justice Rehnquist
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00142-00036688-00036896 testified that the memorandum reflected
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00143-00036897-00037086 the views of Justice Jackson rather than
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00144-00037087-00037407 his own views Rehnquist said I believe
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00145-00037408-00037614 that the memorandum was prepared by me
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00146-00037615-00037827 as a statement of justice Jackson's
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00147-00037828-00038171 tentative views for his own use Elsie
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00148-00038172-00038430 Douglas longtime secretary and confidant
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00149-00038431-00038607 of Justice Jackson stated during
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00150-00038608-00038850 Rehnquist's 1986 hearings that his
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00151-00038851-00039111 allegation was a smear of a great man
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00152-00039112-00039345 for whom I served as secretary for many
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00153-00039346-00039690 years justice Jackson did not ask law
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00154-00039691-00039996 clerks to express his views he expressed
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00155-00039997-00040239 his own and they expressed theirs that
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00156-00040240-00040421 is what happened in this instance
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00157-00040422-00040710 however the papers of justices Douglas
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00158-00040711-00040902 and frankfurter indicate that justice
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00159-00040903-00041205 Jackson voted for Browne in 1954 only
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00160-00041206-00041462 after changing his mind at his 1986
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00161-00041463-00041652 hearings for Chief Justice Rehnquist
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00162-00041653-00041817 tried to put further distance between
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00163-00041818-00042129 himself in the 1952 memo the bald
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00164-00042130-00042336 statement that Plessy was right and
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00165-00042337-00042539 should be reaffirmed was not an accurate
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00166-00042540-00042723 reflection of my own views at
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00167-00042724-00043035 time however Rehnquist acknowledged
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00168-00043036-00043208 defending Plessy and arguments with
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00169-00043209-00043433 fellow law clerks several commentators
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00170-00043434-00043635 have concluded that the memo reflected
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00171-00043636-00043799 Rehnquist's own views rather than those
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00172-00043800-00044102 of justice Jackson a biography on
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00173-00044103-00044289 Jackson corroborates this explanation
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00174-00044290-00044517 stating that Jackson instructed his
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00175-00044518-00044718 clerks to express their own views not
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00176-00044719-00044949 his this conclusion is further
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00177-00044950-00045162 corroborated by an article published in
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00178-00045163-00045411 the Boston College Law Review in 2012
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00179-00045412-00045708 which analyzes a 1955 letter written to
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00180-00045709-00045896 justice frankfurter that criticized
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00181-00045897-00046127 justice Jackson in any event while later
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00182-00046128-00046326 serving on the Supreme Court Rehnquist
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00183-00046327-00046524 made no effort to reverse or undermine
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00184-00046525-00046724 the brown decision and frequently relied
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00185-00046725-00047021 upon it as precedent Rehnquist stated in
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00186-00047022-00047283 1985 that there was a perfectly
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00187-00047284-00047546 reasonable argument against brown v
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00188-00047547-00047793 board and in favor of Plessy even though
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00189-00047794-00047973 he now saw the court's decision in Brown
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00190-00047974-00048287 is correct in a memorandum to justice
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00191-00048288-00048533 Jackson about Terry V Adams which
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00192-00048534-00048717 involved the right of blacks to vote in
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00193-00048718-00048912 an allegedly private Texas election
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00194-00048913-00049107 Rehnquist wrote the Constitution does
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00195-00049108-00049287 not prevent the majority from banding
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00196-00049288-00049490 together nor does it attain success in
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00197-00049491-00049733 the effort it is about time the court
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00198-00049734-00049911 faced the fact that the white people of
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00199-00049912-00050083 the south do not like the colored people
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00200-00050084-00050361 the Constitution restrains them from
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00201-00050362-00050520 effecting this dislike through state
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00202-00050521-00050706 action but it most assuredly did not
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00203-00050707-00050849 appoint the court as a sociological
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00204-00050850-00051102 watchdog to rear up every time private
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00205-00051103-00051281 discrimination raises its admittedly
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00206-00051282-00051516 ugly head
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00207-00051516-00051744 in another memorandum to justice Jackson
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00208-00051745-00051966 regarding the same case Terri Rehnquist
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00209-00051966-00052182 wrote clerks began screaming as soon as
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00210-00052183-00052350 they saw this that now we can show those
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00211-00052351-00052575 damn southerners etc I take a dim view
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00212-00052576-00052758 of this pathological search for
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00213-00052759-00052947 discrimination and as a result I now
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00214-00052948-00053129 have something of a mental block against
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00215-00053130-00053379 the case nevertheless Rehnquist
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00216-00053379-00053583 recommended to justice Jackson that the
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00217-00053584-00053741 Supreme Court should agree to hear the
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00218-00053742-00054319 Terry case
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00219-00054320-00054997 topic private practice Rehnquist moved
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00220-00054998-00055176 to Phoenix Arizona where he was in
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00221-00055177-00055529 private law practice from 1953 to 1969
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00222-00055530-00055798 he began his legal work in the firm of
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00223-00055799-00055996 Dennison Kitchel subsequently the
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00224-00055997-00056221 national campaign manager of the Barry M
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00225-00056222-00056422 Goldwater presidential campaign in
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00226-00056423-00056712 nineteen sixty four prominent clients
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00227-00056713-00056911 included Jim Hensley the future
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00228-00056912-00057166 father-in-law of John McCain during
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00229-00057166-00057369 these years Rehnquist was active in the
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00230-00057370-00057579 Republican Party and served as a legal
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00231-00057580-00057768 adviser under Kitchell to Goldwater's
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00232-00057769-00058024 campaign he collaborated with Harry
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00233-00058025-00058263 Jaffa on Goldwater speeches many years
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00234-00058264-00058518 later during the 1971 hearing for
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00235-00058519-00058711 Associate Justice and later during the
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00236-00058712-00058954 1986 Senate hearings on his chief
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00237-00058954-00059175 justice nomination several people came
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00238-00059176-00059355 forward to complain about Rehnquist's
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00239-00059357-00059590 participation in Operation Eagle Eye a
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00240-00059591-00059754 Republican attempt to discourage
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00241-00059755-00059982 minority voters in Arizona elections
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00242-00059983-00060187 when Rehnquist served as a poll watcher
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00243-00060188-00060523 in the early 1960s Rehnquist denied the
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00244-00060524-00060717 charges and Vincent Maggiore then
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00245-00060719-00060928 chairman of the Phoenix area Democratic
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00246-00060929-00061092 Party said he had never heard any
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00247-00061094-00061273 negative reports about Rehnquist's
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00248-00061274-00061479 Election Day activities all of these
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00249-00061480-00061699 things he said would have come through
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00250-00061700-00062214 me
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00251-00062215-00062736 topic justice department
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00252-00062737-00062989 when President Richard Nixon was elected
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00253-00062990-00063304 in 1968 Rehnquist returned to work in
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00254-00063304-00063507 Washington he served as assistant
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00255-00063508-00063724 attorney general of the office of legal
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00256-00063725-00064191 counsel from 1969 to 1971 in this role
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00257-00064192-00064366 he served as the chief lawyer to
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00258-00064366-00064648 Attorney General John Mitchell President
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00259-00064649-00064825 Nixon mistakenly referred to him as
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00260-00064826-00065137 wrench Berg in several of the tapes of
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00261-00065138-00065329 Oval Office conversations revealed
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00262-00065329-00065509 during the Watergate investigations
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00263-00065510-00065659 because he was well placed in the
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00264-00065660-00065836 Justice Department Rehnquist was
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00265-00065837-00065968 mentioned for many years as a
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00266-00065969-00066172 possibility for the source known as deep
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00267-00066173-00066430 throat during the Watergate scandal once
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00268-00066431-00066742 Bob Woodward revealed on May 31st 2005
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00269-00066743-00066976 that w mark felt was deep throat this
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00270-00066977-00067210 speculation ended it was William
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00271-00067211-00067417 Rehnquist who determined that government
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00272-00067418-00067639 National Mortgage Association guarantees
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00273-00067640-00067822 constituted a Full Faith and Credit
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00274-00067823-00068076 promise of the United States in fall
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00275-00068077-00068380 1971 Nixon received the resignations of
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00276-00068381-00068614 two Supreme Court justices Hugo black
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00277-00068615-00068893 and John Marshall Harlan - after
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00278-00068894-00069091 compiling an initial list of possible
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00279-00069092-00069271 appointees that ran afoul of Chief
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00280-00069272-00069457 Justice burger in the American Bar
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00281-00069458-00069697 Association Nixon considered Rehnquist
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00282-00069698-00069957 for one of the slots Henry Kissinger
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00283-00069958-00070132 discussed the possible pick with
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00284-00070133-00070411 presidential adviser HR hailed Minh and
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00285-00070412-00070666 asked Rehnquist is pretty far right
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00286-00070667-00071047 isn't he hailed Minh responded oh Christ
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00287-00071048-00071259 he's way to the right of Buchanan
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00288-00071260-00071503 referring to then presidential adviser
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00289-00071504-00072090 Patrick Buchanan
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00290-00072091-00072673 topic associate justice
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00291-00072674-00072913 Nixon nominated Rehnquist to replace
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00292-00072914-00073138 John Marshall Harlan to on the supreme
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00293-00073139-00073354 court upon Harlan's retirement and after
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00294-00073355-00073555 being confirmed by the Senate by a sixty
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00295-00073556-00073747 eight to twenty six vote on December
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00296-00073748-00074047 10th 1971 Rehnquist took his seat as an
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00297-00074048-00074382 Associate Justice On January 7 1972
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00298-00074383-00074656 there were two vacancies on the court at
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00299-00074657-00074890 the time Nixon nominated Lewis Franklin
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00300-00074891-00075100 Powell jr. to fill the other left by the
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00301-00075101-00075376 retirement of Hugo black black died
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00302-00075377-00075733 September 25th 1971 and Harlan died on
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00303-00075734-00076066 December 29th of that year on the burger
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00304-00076067-00076276 court Rehnquist promptly established
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00305-00076277-00076453 himself as the most conservative of
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00306-00076454-00076678 Nixon's appointees taking a narrow view
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00307-00076679-00076882 of the 14th amendment and a broad view
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00308-00076883-00077173 of state power Rehnquist almost always
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00309-00077174-00077428 voted with the prosecution in criminal
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00310-00077429-00077674 cases with business in antitrust cases
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00311-00077675-00077944 with employers in labor cases and with
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00312-00077945-00078235 the government in speech cases although
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00313-00078236-00078442 Rehnquist was often a lone dissenter in
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00314-00078443-00078649 cases early on his views would later
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00315-00078650-00078838 often become the majority view of the
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00316-00078839-00079350 court
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00317-00079351-00080016 topic federalism for years Rehnquist was
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00318-00080017-00080193 determined to keep cases involving
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00319-00080194-00080397 individual rights in state courts away
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00320-00080398-00080706 from federal reach in 1977 s National
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00321-00080707-00081003 League of Cities v user e Rehnquist's
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00322-00081004-00081225 majority opinion invalidated a federal
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00323-00081226-00081450 law extending minimum wage and maximum
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00324-00081451-00081606 hours provisions to state and local
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00325-00081607-00081891 government employees Rehnquist wrote
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00326-00081892-00082086 that this exercise of congressional
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00327-00082087-00082311 authority does not comport with the
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00328-00082312-00082554 federal system of government embodied in
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00329-00082555-00082842 the Constitution as chief justice
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00330-00082843-00083049 Rehnquist presided over what law
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00331-00083050-00083265 professor Irwin Chemerinsky has called a
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00332-00083266-00083550 federalist revolution during which the
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00333-00083551-00083762 court limited federal power in cases
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00334-00083763-00084101 such as New York v United States United
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00335-00084102-00084459 States v Lopez Prince V United States
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00336-00084460-00084711 and United States v Morrison
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00337-00084712-00084956 similarly cato institute scholar roger
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00338-00084957-00085218 Pilon has said that t he Rehnquist Court
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00339-00085219-00085382 has revived the doctrine of federalism
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00340-00085383-00086122 only at the edges and in very easy cases
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00341-00086123-00086461 topic equal protection civil rights and
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00342-00086462-00087058 abortion Rehnquist rejected a broad view
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00343-00087059-00087382 of the 14th amendment in 1952 while
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00344-00087383-00087538 serving as a clerk to Supreme Court
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00345-00087539-00087781 Justice Robert Jackson Rehnquist wrote a
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00346-00087782-00088053 memorandum which concludes that Plessy v
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00347-00088054-00088273 Ferguson was right and should be
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00348-00088274-00088576 reaffirmed if the 14th amendment did not
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00349-00088577-00088843 enact Spencer's social statics it just
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00350-00088844-00089020 as surely did not enact myrdal's
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00351-00089021-00089368 American dilemma an American dilemma by
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00352-00089369-00089509 which he meant that the court should not
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00353-00089510-00089803 read its own sociological views into the
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00354-00089804-00090094 Constitution he believed that the 14th
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00355-00090095-00090283 amendment was meant only as a solution
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00356-00090284-00090475 to the problems of slavery and was
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00357-00090476-00090655 misapplied when applied towards abortion
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00358-00090656-00090937 rights or prisoners rights Rehnquist
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00359-00090938-00091135 believed that the court had no business
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00360-00091136-00091390 reflecting society's changing and
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00361-00091391-00091669 expanding values and argued that this
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00362-00091670-00091912 was the domain of the Congress Rehnquist
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00363-00091913-00092086 tried to weave his view of the amendment
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00364-00092087-00092257 into his opinion for Fitzpatrick V
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00365-00092258-00092542 Bitzer but it was rejected by the other
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00366-00092543-00092818 justices Rehnquist later extended what
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00367-00092819-00092971 he said he saw as the scope of the
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00368-00092972-00093259 amendment writing in Trimble V Gordon
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00369-00093260-00093484 except in the area of the law in which
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00370-00093485-00093804 the framers obviously meant it to apply
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00371-00093805-00094030 classifications based on race or on
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00372-00094031-00094378 national origin also during the Berger
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00373-00094379-00094599 Court's deliberations over roe v wade
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00374-00094600-00094840 Rehnquist promoted his view that court's
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00375-00094841-00095005 jurisdiction does not apply over
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00376-00095006-00095200 abortion he voted against the expansion
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00377-00095201-00095416 of school disagree Gaytan plans and the
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00378-00095417-00095617 establishment of legalized abortions
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00379-00095618-00096225 descending in roe v wade 410 us 113 1973
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00380-00096226-00096469 Rehnquist expressed his views about the
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00381-00096470-00096664 equal protection clause in cases like
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00382-00096665-00096954 Trimble V Gordon
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00383-00096955-00097167 unfortunately more than a century of
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00384-00097168-00097344 decisions under this Clause of the
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00385-00097345-00097613 Fourteenth Amendment have produced a
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00386-00097614-00097857 syndrome wherein this Court seems to
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00387-00097858-00098055 regard the Equal Protection Clause as a
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00388-00098056-00098256 cat-o'-nine-tails to be kept in the
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00389-00098257-00098428 judicial closet as a threat to
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00390-00098429-00098625 legislators which may in the view of the
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00391-00098626-00098841 judiciary get out of hand and pass
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00392-00098842-00099387 arbitrary illogical or unreasonable laws
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00393-00099388-00099624 except in the area of the law in which
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00394-00099625-00099881 the framers obviously amended to apply
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00395-00099882-00100092 classifications based on race or on
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00396-00100093-00100309 national origin the first cousin of race
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00397-00100310-00100530 the court's decisions can fairly be
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00398-00100531-00100704 described as an endless tinkering with
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00399-00100705-00100899 legislative judgments a series of
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00400-00100900-00101128 conclusions unsupported by any central
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00401-00101129-00101695 guiding principle
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00402-00101696-00102298 topic other issues rehnquist
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00403-00102299-00102514 consistently defended state sanctioned
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00404-00102515-00102735 prayer in public schools Rehnquist held
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00405-00102736-00102906 a restrictive view of criminals and
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00406-00102907-00103086 prisoners rights and held the view that
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00407-00103088-00103300 capital punishment is constitutionally
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00408-00103301-00103542 permissible he supported the view that
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00409-00103543-00103683 the Fourth Amendment permitted a
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00410-00103684-00103873 warrantless search incident to a valid
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00411-00103874-00104166 arrest in Nixon V administrator of
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00412-00104167-00104457 General Services 1977 Rehnquist
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00413-00104458-00104653 descended from a decision upholding the
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00414-00104654-00104854 constitutionality of an act that gave a
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00415-00104855-00105060 federal agency administrator certain
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00416-00105061-00105265 authority over former President Nixon's
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00417-00105266-00105472 presidential papers and tape recordings
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00418-00105473-00105721 he descended solely on the ground that
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00419-00105722-00105978 the law was a clear violation of the
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00420-00105979-00106216 constitutional principle of separation
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00421-00106217-00106549 of powers during oral argument in Durand
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00422-00106550-00106879 V Missouri 1978 the court faced a
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00423-00106880-00107050 challenge to laws and practices that
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00424-00107051-00107278 made jury duty voluntary for women in
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00425-00107279-00107541 that state at the end of Ruth Ginsburg's
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00426-00107542-00107760 oral presentation Rehnquist asked her
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00427-00107761-00108016 you will not settle for putting susan b
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00428-00108017-00108354 anthony on the new dollar then Rehnquist
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00429-00108355-00108568 wrote the majority opinion in diamond V
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00430-00108569-00109086 Deer 450 u.s. 175 1981 which began a
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00431-00109088-00109279 gradual trend toward overturning the ban
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00432-00109280-00109513 on software patents in the United States
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00433-00109514-00109833 first established in Parker V flicked
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00434-00109833-00110361 437 u.s. 584 1978 in Sony Corp of
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00435-00110363-00110661 America V Universal City Studios Inc
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00436-00110663-00110883 pertaining to video cassette recorders
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00437-00110884-00111082 such as the Betamax system justice
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00438-00111083-00111291 Stevens again wrote an opinion providing
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00439-00111292-00111457 a broad fair use doctrine while
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00440-00111458-00111619 Rehnquist joined the dissent which
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00441-00111620-00111889 supported stronger copyrights years
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00442-00111890-00112393 later in Eldred V Ashcroft 537 u.s. 186
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00443-00112394-00112611 2003 Rehnquist was in the majority
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00444-00112613-00112831 favoring the copyright holders with
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00445-00112832-00113032 justices Stevens and Breyer dissenting
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00446-00113033-00113215 in favor of a narrower construction of
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00447-00113216-00113785 copyright law
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00448-00113786-00114074 topic Rehnquist's view of the rational
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00449-00114075-00114481 basis test
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00450-00114482-00114724 David Shapiro professor of law at
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00451-00114725-00114913 Harvard University wrote that while
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00452-00114914-00115129 Rehnquist was an associate justice he
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00453-00115130-00115311 disliked even minimal inquiries into
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00454-00115313-00115501 legislative objectives except in the
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00455-00115502-00115705 areas of race national origin and
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00456-00115706-00115891 infringement of specific constitutional
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00457-00115892-00116211 guarantees for Rehnquist the rational
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00458-00116213-00116428 basis test which is an important part of
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00459-00116429-00116634 equal protection jurisprudence was not a
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00460-00116635-00116800 standard for weighing the interests of
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00461-00116801-00116958 the government against the individual
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00462-00116959-00117157 rather it was a label to describe a
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00463-00117158-00117517 preordained result Shapiro in 1978
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00464-00117518-00117703 pointed out that Rehnquist had avoided
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00465-00117704-00117933 joining rational basis determinations
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00466-00117934-00118174 for years except in one case Weinberger
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00467-00118175-00118507 V Weisenfeld Rehnquist issued the court
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00468-00118508-00118683 majority's approach to equal protection
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00469-00118684-00119026 writing and dissent in Trimble v Gordon
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00470-00119027-00119173 that the state's distinction should be
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00471-00119174-00119392 sustained because it was not mindless
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00472-00119393-00119677 and patently irrational the Court struck
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00473-00119678-00119818 down an Illinois law allowing
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00474-00119819-00120007 illegitimate children to inherit by
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00475-00120008-00120196 intestate succession only from their
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00476-00120197-00120466 mothers Shapiro pointed out that
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00477-00120467-00120640 Rehnquist seemed content to find a
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00478-00120641-00120796 sufficient relationship between a
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00479-00120797-00121006 challenge classification and perceived
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00480-00121007-00121240 governmental interests no matter how
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00481-00121241-00121417 tenuous are speculative that
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00482-00121418-00121679 relationship might be
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00483-00121680-00121913 a practical result of Rehnquist's view
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00484-00121914-00122090 of rational basis can be seen in
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00485-00122091-00122384 Cleveland Board of Education V Lafleur
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00486-00122385-00122588 where in the courts majority struck down
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00487-00122589-00122793 a school board rule that required every
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00488-00122794-00122954 pregnant teacher to take unpaid
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00489-00122955-00123152 maternity leave beginning five months
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00490-00123153-00123368 before the expected birth of her child
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00491-00123369-00123629 justice Powell wrote an opinion rested
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00492-00123630-00123795 on the ground that the school board rule
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00493-00123796-00124001 was too over inclusive to survive equal
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00494-00124002-00124316 protection analysis in dissent Rehnquist
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00495-00124317-00124508 attacked Powell's opinion saying if
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00496-00124509-00124700 legislative bodies are to be permitted
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00497-00124701-00124877 to draw a line anywhere short of the
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00498-00124878-00125073 delivery room I can find no judicial
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00499-00125074-00125252 standard of measurement which says the
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00500-00125253-00125516 ones drawn here were invalid Shapiro
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00501-00125517-00125711 writes that Rehnquist's opinion implied
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00502-00125712-00125885 that there is no constitutionally
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00503-00125886-00126026 significant difference between a
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00504-00126027-00126173 classification that encompasses
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00505-00126174-00126398 virtually no one outside the scope of
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00506-00126399-00126626 its purpose and a classification so over
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00507-00126627-00126795 inclusive that the vast majority of
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00508-00126796-00126950 those falling within are beyond its
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00509-00126951-00127253 intended scope Rehnquist's dissent in
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00510-00127254-00127473 United States Department of Agriculture
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00511-00127474-00127709 v Murray illuminates his view that a
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00512-00127710-00127898 classification should pass muster under
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00513-00127899-00128123 the rational basis test so long as that
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00514-00128124-00128291 classification is not entirely
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00515-00128292-00128483 counterproductive with respect to the
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00516-00128484-00128682 purposes of the legislation in which it
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00517-00128683-00128931 is contained Shapiro alleges that
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00518-00128932-00129048 Rehnquist Stan's
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00519-00129049-00129839 makes rational basis of virtual nullity
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00520-00129840-00130490 topic relations on the court Rehnquist
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00521-00130491-00130703 built warm personal relations with his
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00522-00130704-00130844 colleagues even with ideological
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00523-00130845-00131189 opposites Justice William Brennan jr.
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00524-00131190-00131450 startled one acquaintance by informing
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00525-00131451-00131645 him that Bill Rehnquist is my best
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00526-00131646-00131957 friend up here Rehnquist and Justice
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00527-00131958-00132140 William O Douglas bonded over a shared
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00528-00132141-00132437 iconoclasm in love of the West the
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00529-00132438-00132668 Brethren claims that the courts liberals
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00530-00132669-00132818 found it hard not to like the
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00531-00132819-00133054 good-natured thoughtful Rehnquist
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00532-00133055-00133316 despite finding his legal philosophy
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00533-00133317-00133550 extreme and that Justice Stewart
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00534-00133551-00133918 regarded Rehnquist as excellent and a
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00535-00133919-00134191 team player a part of the group in the
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00536-00134192-00134339 center of the court even though he
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00537-00134340-00134510 usually ended up in the conservative
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00538-00134511-00134753 block since Rehnquist's first years on
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00539-00134754-00134951 the Supreme Court other justices
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00540-00134952-00135193 criticized what they saw as his
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00541-00135194-00135428 willingness to cut corners to reach a
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00542-00135429-00135676 conservative result quote comma quote
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00543-00135677-00135974 glossing over inconsistencies of logic
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00544-00135975-00136220 or fact or distinguishing in distinct
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00545-00136221-00136438 cases to reach their destination in
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00546-00136439-00136796 Jefferson V Hackney for example Douglas
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00547-00136797-00137000 and Justice Thurgood Marshall charged
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00548-00137001-00137333 that Rehnquist's opinion misrepresented
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00549-00137334-00137564 the legislative history of a federal
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00550-00137565-00137822 welfare program Rehnquist did not
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00551-00137823-00138032 correct what the Brethren characterizes
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00552-00138033-00138335 is an outright misstatement
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00553-00138336-00138587 and thus publish Edie an opinion that
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00554-00138588-00138901 twisted the facts quote dot Rehnquist's
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00555-00138902-00139237 misuse of precedence in another case
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00556-00139238-00139613 shocked Justice John Paul Stevens for
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00557-00139614-00139837 his part Rehnquist was often
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00558-00139838-00140041 contemptuous of Brennan's opinions
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00559-00140042-00140345 seeing them as bending the facts or law
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00560-00140346-00140564 to suit his purposes reluctant to
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00561-00140565-00140771 compromise Rehnquist was the most
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00562-00140772-00140957 frequent soul dissenter during the
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00563-00140958-00141272 Berger years garnering the nickname The
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00564-00141273-00141599 Lone Ranger quote dot he usually voted
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00565-00141600-00141778 with Chief Justice burger and
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00566-00141779-00142040 recognizing the importance of his
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00567-00142041-00142262 relationship with Berger often went
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00568-00142263-00142382 along to get along
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00569-00142383-00142625 joining burgers majority opinions even
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00570-00142626-00142820 when he disagreed with them and in
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00571-00142821-00143210 important cases TR yang to straighten
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00572-00143211-00143716 him out
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00573-00143717-00144089 topic chief justice
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00574-00144090-00144268 you
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00575-00144269-00144525 when Chief Justice Warren burger retired
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00576-00144526-00144796 in 1986 President Ronald Reagan
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00577-00144797-00145011 nominated Rehnquist to fill the position
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00578-00145012-00145239 although Rehnquist was to the right of
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00579-00145240-00145483 Berger his colleagues were unanimously
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00580-00145484-00145740 pleased and supportive even his
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00581-00145741-00146133 ideological opposites the nomination was
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00582-00146134-00146383 met with genuine enthusiasm on the part
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00583-00146384-00146581 of not only his colleagues on the court
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00584-00146582-00146760 but others who served the court in a
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00585-00146761-00146940 staff capacity and some of the
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00586-00146941-00147181 relatively lowly paid individuals at the
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00587-00147182-00147450 court there was almost a unanimous
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00588-00147451-00147762 feeling of joy Justice Thurgood Marshall
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00589-00147763-00147958 would later call him a great chief
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00590-00147959-00148227 justice during confirmation hearings
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00591-00148228-00148413 Senator Edward Kennedy challenged
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00592-00148414-00148623 Rehnquist on his unwitting ownership of
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00593-00148624-00148776 property that had a restrictive covenant
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00594-00148777-00149131 against sale to Jews such covenants were
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00595-00149132-00149371 held to be unenforceable under the 1948
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00596-00149372-00149651 Supreme Court case Shelley V Kraemer
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00597-00149652-00149896 despite this and other controversies
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00598-00149897-00150108 including a concern over his membership
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00599-00150109-00150300 in the alfalfa Club which at the time
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00600-00150301-00150579 did not allow women to join the Senate
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00601-00150580-00150876 confirmed his appointment by a 65 to 33
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00602-00150877-00151038 vote and he assumed the office on
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00603-00151039-00151350 September 26 Rehnquist seat as an
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00604-00151351-00151539 Associate Justice was filled by newly
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00605-00151540-00151902 appointed Antonin Scalia in 1999
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00606-00151903-00152091 Rehnquist became the second Chief
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00607-00152092-00152334 Justice after salmon P chase to preside
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00608-00152335-00152533 over a presidential impeachment trial
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00609-00152534-00152683 during the proceedings against President
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00610-00152684-00153033 Bill Clinton in 2000 when Quist wrote a
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00611-00153034-00153339 concurring opinion in Bush v Gore the
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00612-00153340-00153489 case that effectively ended the
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00613-00153490-00153682 presidential election controversy in
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00614-00153683-00153924 Florida he concurred with four other
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00615-00153925-00154132 justices in that case that the Equal
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00616-00154133-00154379 Protection Clause Barda standardless
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00617-00154380-00154629 manual recount of the votes as ordered
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00618-00154630-00154914 by the Florida Supreme Court in his
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00619-00154915-00155133 capacity as chief justice rehnquist
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00620-00155134-00155328 administered the oath of office to the
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00621-00155329-00155494 following presidents of the United
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00622-00155495-00156031 States George HW Bush in 1989 Bill
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00623-00156032-00156633 Clinton in 1993 in 1997 George W Bush in
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00624-00156634-00157212 2001 and 2005
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00625-00157213-00157763 topic leadership of the court
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00626-00157764-00158027 Rehnquist's predecessor as Chief Justice
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00627-00158028-00158244 Warren burger had floundered as a leader
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00628-00158245-00158427 alienating his colleagues with his
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00629-00158428-00158610 overbearing manner his inability to
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00630-00158611-00158793 effectively manage the justices
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00631-00158794-00158973 conference sessions and abuse of his
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00632-00158974-00159261 seniority in particular his tendency to
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00633-00159262-00159459 change his vote on important cases so
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00634-00159460-00159588 that he could maintain control over
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00635-00159589-00159906 opinion assignments Rehnquist in sharp
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00636-00159907-00160119 contrast went over his fellow justices
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00637-00160120-00160299 with his easygoing humorous and
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00638-00160300-00160577 unpretentious personality he also
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00639-00160578-00160773 tightened up the justices conferences
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00640-00160774-00160989 keeping the justices from going too long
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00641-00160990-00161169 or off-track and not allowing any
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00642-00161170-00161366 justice to speak twice before all had
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00643-00161367-00161586 spoken once and gained a reputation for
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00644-00161587-00161733 scrupulous fairness in assigning
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00645-00161734-00161970 opinions Rehnquist assigned no justice
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00646-00161971-00162174 including himself to opinions before
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00647-00162175-00162381 everyone had been assigned one and made
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00648-00162382-00162513 no attempts to interfere with
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00649-00162514-00162708 assignments for cases in which he was in
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00650-00162709-00162945 the minority most significantly
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00651-00162946-00163131 Rehnquist successfully lobbied Congress
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00652-00163132-00163434 in 1988 to give the court control of its
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00653-00163435-00163604 own docket cutting back on mandatory
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00654-00163605-00163913 appeals and certiorari grants in general
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00655-00163914-00164177 Rehnquist added four yellow stripes to
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00656-00164178-00164514 the sleeves of his robe in 1995 he was a
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00657-00164515-00164724 lifelong fan of Gilbert and Sullivan
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00658-00164725-00164919 operas and after appreciating the Lord
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00659-00164920-00165104 Chancellor's costume in a community
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00660-00165105-00165294 theater production of aisle anthe he
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00661-00165295-00165450 thereafter appeared in court with the
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00662-00165451-00165735 same striped sleeves the Lord Chancellor
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00663-00165736-00165912 was traditionally the senior member of
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00664-00165913-00166127 the British judiciary his successor
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00665-00166128-00166364 Chief Justice John Roberts chose not to
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00666-00166365-00166965 continue the practice
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00667-00166966-00167622 topic federalism doctrine Rehnquist was
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00668-00167623-00167838 expected by scholars to push the supreme
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00669-00167839-00167994 court in a more conservative direction
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00670-00167995-00168270 during his tenure one area many
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00671-00168271-00168498 commentators expected to see changes was
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00672-00168499-00168660 in limiting the power of the federal
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00673-00168661-00168822 government and in increasing the power
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00674-00168823-00169093 of state governments however legal
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00675-00169094-00169290 reporter Jan Crawford says some of
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00676-00169291-00169449 Rehnquist's victories toward the
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00677-00169450-00169599 Federalist goal of scaling back
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00678-00169600-00169800 congressional power over the states had
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00679-00169801-00170124 little practical impact Rehnquist voted
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00680-00170125-00170315 with the majority in City of Boerne V
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00681-00170316-00170619 Flores 1997 and would refer to that
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00682-00170620-00170808 decision as precedent for requiring
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00683-00170809-00170982 Congress to defer to the court as
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00684-00170983-00171177 regards interpretation of the 14th
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00685-00171178-00171240 amendment
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00686-00171241-00171444 including the equal protection clause in
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00687-00171445-00171556 a number of cases
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00688-00171557-00171783 Bernie held that any statute that
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00689-00171784-00171960 Congress enacted to enforce the
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00690-00171961-00172144 provisions of the Fourteenth Amendment
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00691-00172145-00172314 including the Equal Protection Clause
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00692-00172315-00172531 had to show a congruence and
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00693-00172532-00172773 proportionality between the injury to be
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00694-00172774-00172959 prevented or remedied and the means
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00695-00172960-00173310 adopted to that end the Rehnquist courts
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00696-00173311-00173520 congruence and proportionality theory
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00697-00173521-00173790 replaced a ratchet theory that had
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00698-00173791-00173994 arguably been advanced in Katzenbach V
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00699-00173995-00174447 Morgan 1966 according to the ratchet
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00700-00174448-00174807 theory Congress cut ratchet up civil
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00701-00174808-00174948 rights beyond what the court had
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00702-00174949-00175110 recognized but Congress could not
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00703-00175111-00175419 ratchet down judicially recognized
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00704-00175420-00175635 rights according to the majority opinion
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00705-00175636-00175843 of Justice Anthony Kennedy which
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00706-00175844-00176028 Rehnquist joined in Boerne there is
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00707-00176029-00176229 language in our opinion in Katzenbach V
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00708-00176230-00176841 Morgan 384 us 641 1966 which could be
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00709-00176842-00177031 interpreted as acknowledging a power in
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00710-00177032-00177222 Congress to enact legislation that
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00711-00177223-00177420 expands the rights contained in section
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00712-00177421-00177684 1 of the 14th amendment this is not a
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00713-00177685-00177948 necessary interpretation however or even
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00714-00177949-00178135 the best one
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00715-00178136-00178369 if Congress could define its own powers
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00716-00178370-00178582 by altering the 14th Amendment's meaning
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00717-00178583-00178768 no longer would the Constitution be
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00718-00178769-00179079 superior paramount law unchangeable by
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00719-00179080-00179452 ordinary means the Rehnquist courts
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00720-00179453-00179628 congruence and proportionality standard
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00721-00179629-00179829 made it easier to revive older
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00722-00179830-00180007 precedents preventing Congress from
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00723-00180008-00180193 going too far in enforcing equal
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00724-00180194-00180358 protection of the laws one of the
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00725-00180359-00180544 Rehnquist courts major developments
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00726-00180545-00180757 involved reinforcing and extending the
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00727-00180758-00180922 doctrine of sovereign immunity which
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00728-00180923-00181081 limits the ability of Congress to
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00729-00181082-00181273 subject non-consenting States to
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00730-00181274-00181479 lawsuits by individual citizens seeking
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00731-00181480-00181846 money damages in both Kimmel v Florida
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00732-00181847-00182083 Board of Regents 2000 and board of
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00733-00182084-00182334 trustees of the University of Alabama v
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00734-00182335-00182604 Garrett 2001 the court held that
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00735-00182605-00182790 Congress had exceeded its power to
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00736-00182791-00182995 enforce the Equal Protection Clause in
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00737-00182996-00183271 both those cases Rehnquist was in the
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00738-00183272-00183463 majority that held discrimination by
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00739-00183464-00183700 states based upon age or disability as
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00740-00183701-00183931 opposed to race or gender needs satisfy
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00741-00183932-00184165 only rational basis review as opposed to
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00742-00184166-00184432 strict scrutiny though the Eleventh
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00743-00184433-00184627 Amendment by its terms applies only to
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00744-00184628-00184828 suits against a state by citizens of
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00745-00184829-00185014 another state the Rehnquist court often
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00746-00185015-00185209 extended this principle to suits by
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00747-00185210-00185386 citizens against their own States
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00748-00185387-00185845 one such case was Alden V Maine 1999 in
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00749-00185846-00186001 which the court explained that the
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00750-00186002-00186199 authority to subject States to private
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00751-00186200-00186373 suits does not follow from any of the
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00752-00186374-00186603 Express enumerated powers in article 1
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00753-00186604-00186787 of the Constitution and therefore the
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00754-00186788-00186964 Alden court looked to the Necessary and
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00755-00186965-00187147 Proper Clause to see if that clause
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00756-00187148-00187333 authorized Congress to subject the
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00757-00187334-00187510 states to lawsuits by the state's own
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00758-00187511-00187801 citizens Rehnquist agreed with Justice
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00759-00187802-00187972 Kennedy's statement that such lawsuits
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00760-00187973-00188332 were not necessary and proper nor can we
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00761-00188333-00188518 conclude that the specific article when
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00762-00188519-00188703 powers delegated to Congress necessarily
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00763-00188704-00188959 include by virtue of the Necessary and
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00764-00188960-00189148 Proper Clause or otherwise the
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00765-00189149-00189328 incidental authority to subject the
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00766-00189329-00189516 states to private suits as a means of
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00767-00189517-00189700 achieving objectives otherwise within
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00768-00189701-00189929 the scope of the enumerated powers
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00769-00189930-00190177 Rehnquist also led the court toward a
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00770-00190178-00190348 more limited view of congressional power
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00771-00190349-00190543 under the Commerce Clause of the US
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00772-00190544-00190849 Constitution for example he wrote for a
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00773-00190850-00191097 five-to-four majority in United States v
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00774-00191098-00191524 Lopez 514 u.s. 549 now
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00775-00191525-00191779 1995 striking down a federal law is
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00776-00191780-00191956 exceeding congressional power under the
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00777-00191957-00192280 clause Lopez was followed by United
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00778-00192281-00192790 States v Morrison 529 u.s. 598 2000 in
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00779-00192791-00192943 which Rehnquist wrote the court's
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00780-00192944-00193144 opinion striking down the civil damages
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00781-00193145-00193303 portion of the Violence Against Women
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00782-00193304-00193615 Act of 1994 as regulating conduct that
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00783-00193616-00193780 does not have a significant direct
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00784-00193781-00193971 effect on Interstate Commerce
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00785-00193972-00194239 Rehnquist's majority opinion in Morrison
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00786-00194240-00194431 also rejected an equal protection
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00787-00194432-00194701 argument on behalf of the act all four
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00788-00194702-00194878 dissenters disagreed with the courts
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00789-00194879-00195046 interpretation of the Commerce Clause
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00790-00195047-00195274 and two dissenters Stevens and Stephen
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00791-00195275-00195478 Breyer also took issue with the courts
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00792-00195479-00195757 Equal Protection analysis regarding the
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00793-00195758-00195958 Commerce Clause Justice David Souter
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00794-00195959-00196147 asserted that the court was improperly
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00795-00196148-00196351 seeking to convert the judiciary into a
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00796-00196352-00196698 shield against the commerce power
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00797-00196699-00196911 regarding the equal protection clause
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00798-00196912-00197176 Rehnquist's majority opinion in Morrison
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00799-00197177-00197383 cited precedents limiting the clauses
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00800-00197384-00197730 scope such as United States v Cruikshank
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00801-00197731-00197971 1876 which held that the Fourteenth
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00802-00197972-00198181 Amendment applied only to state actions
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00803-00198182-00198481 not private acts of violence dissenting
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00804-00198482-00198691 Justice Breyer joined by Justice Stevens
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00805-00198692-00198889 agreed with the majority that it is
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00806-00198890-00199243 certainly so that Congress may not use
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00807-00199244-00199462 the Fourteenth Amendment as a source of
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00808-00199463-00199687 power to remedy the conduct of private
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00809-00199688-00200065 persons however Breyer and Stevens took
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00810-00200066-00200275 issue with another aspect of the Morison
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00811-00200276-00200473 Court's equal protection analysis
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00812-00200474-00200662 they argued that cases that the majority
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00813-00200663-00200877 had cited including United States v
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00814-00200878-00201106 Harris and the civil rights cases
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00815-00201107-00201289 regarding lynching and segregation
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00816-00201290-00201550 respectively did not consider this kind
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00817-00201551-00201856 of claim in which state actors failed to
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00818-00201857-00202105 provide adequate or any state remedies
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00819-00202106-00202411 in response the Morrison majority
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00820-00202412-00202585 asserted that the Violence Against Women
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00821-00202586-00202870 Act was directed not at any state or
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00822-00202871-00203098 state actor but at individuals who have
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00823-00203099-00203314 committed criminal acts motivated by
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00824-00203315-00203621 gender bias
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00825-00203622-00203834 the federalists trend set by Lopez and
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00826-00203835-00203996 Morrison was seemingly halted by
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00827-00203997-00204377 Gonzalez V Reich 2005 in which the court
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00828-00204378-00204548 broadly interpreted the Commerce Clause
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00829-00204549-00204727 to allow Congress to prohibit the
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00830-00204728-00204919 intrastate cultivation of medicinal
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00831-00204921-00205205 cannabis Rehnquist along with O'Connor
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00832-00205206-00205526 and Thomas descended in Reich Rehnquist
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00833-00205527-00205721 authored the majority opinion in South
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00834-00205721-00206113 Dakota V dole 1987 upholding Congress's
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00835-00206114-00206273 reduction of funds to States not
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00836-00206273-00206488 complying with the National 21-year old
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00837-00206489-00206753 drinking age Rehnquist's broad reading
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00838-00206754-00206959 of Congress's spending power was also
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00839-00206960-00207155 seen as a major limitation on the
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00840-00207156-00207292 Rehnquist courts pushed towards
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00841-00207294-00207496 redistribution of power from the federal
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00842-00207498-00208100 government to the States
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00843-00208101-00208621 topic stare decisis
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00844-00208623-00208880 some commentators expected the Rehnquist
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00845-00208881-00209078 court to overrule several controversial
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00846-00209079-00209290 decisions broadly interpreting the Bill
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00847-00209291-00209546 of Rights the Rehnquist court however
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00848-00209546-00209813 expressly declined to overrule Miranda v
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00849-00209814-00210121 Arizona in its decision in Dickerson V
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00850-00210123-00210406 United States Rehnquist believed that
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00851-00210407-00210581 federal judges should not impose their
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00852-00210582-00210764 personal views on the law or stray
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00853-00210765-00210926 beyond the intent of the framers by
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00854-00210927-00211067 reading broad meaning into the
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00855-00211067-00211262 Constitution he saw himself as an
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00856-00211263-00211598 apostle of judicial restraint Time
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00857-00211598-00211805 magazine suggested however that
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00858-00211806-00211991 Rehnquist violated this belief by
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00859-00211992-00212225 overruling many cases particularly from
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00860-00212226-00212501 the Warren court era Columbia Law School
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00861-00212502-00212729 professor Vincent Blasi set of Rehnquist
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00862-00212730-00213137 in 1986 that an OU body since the 1930s
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00863-00213138-00213350 has been so niggardly in interpreting
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00864-00213351-00213598 the Bill of Rights so blatant in simply
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00865-00213600-00213841 ignoring years and years of precedent in
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00866-00213842-00214144 the same article Rehnquist was quoted as
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00867-00214146-00214364 retorting that such attacks come from
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00868-00214365-00214604 liberal academics and that on occasion
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00869-00214605-00214850 they write somewhat disingenuously about
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00870-00214851-00215251 me Rehnquist was a fellow of the courts
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00871-00215252-00215744 1973 roe v wade decision in 1992 that
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00872-00215744-00215992 decision survived by a 5 to 4 vote in
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00873-00215994-00216305 Planned Parenthood v Casey which relied
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00874-00216306-00216507 heavily on the doctrine of stare decisis
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00875-00216508-00216784 dissenting in Casey Rehnquist criticized
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00876-00216785-00217064 the court's newly-minted variation on
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00877-00217065-00217355 stare decisis and asserted his belief
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00878-00217356-00217630 that Roe was wrongly decided and that it
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00879-00217631-00217862 can and should be overruled consistently
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00880-00217863-00218059 with our traditional approach to stare
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00881-00218060-00218355 decisis in constitutional cases
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00882-00218356-00218581 Rehnquist was not reluctant to apply
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00883-00218582-00218792 stare decisis in the fashion he believed
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00884-00218792-00219098 appropriate for example in Dickerson v
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00885-00219098-00219416 United States 2000 Rehnquist voted to
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00886-00219417-00219605 reaffirm the courts famous decision in
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00887-00219606-00220030 Miranda v Arizona 1966 based not only on
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00888-00220031-00220229 the notion of adhering to precedent but
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00889-00220230-00220471 also on his belief that the totality of
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00890-00220473-00220777 the circumstances test
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00891-00220778-00221026 is more difficult than Miranda for law
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00892-00221027-00221275 enforcement officers to conform to and
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00893-00221276-00221464 for courts to apply in a consistent
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00894-00221465-00221571 manner
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00895-00221571-00221860 shortly after Dickerson was decided the
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00896-00221861-00222037 court dealt with another abortion case
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00897-00222038-00222223 this time dealing with partial birth
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00898-00222223-00222628 abortion in Stenberg V Carhartt mm again
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00899-00222629-00222826 a five-to-four decision and again a
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00900-00222827-00223023 descent from Rehnquist urged that stare
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00901-00223025-00223171 decisis should not be the sole
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00902-00223171-00223375 consideration I did not join the joint
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00903-00223376-00223521 opinion in Planned Parenthood of
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00904-00223523-00224152 southeastern pot V Casey 505 us 833 1992
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00905-00224153-00224341 and continue to believe that case is
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00906-00224342-00224914 wrongly decided
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00907-00224915-00225413 topic gay rights
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00908-00225414-00225671 among the many closely watched decisions
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00909-00225671-00225865 during Rehnquist's tenure was Romer v
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00910-00225866-00226300 Evans 1996 Colorado had adopted an
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00911-00226301-00226467 amendment to the state constitution
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00912-00226469-00226775 amendment to that the court majority
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00913-00226776-00226969 said would have prevented any city town
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00914-00226971-00227173 or county in the state from taking any
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00915-00227175-00227425 legislative executive or judicial action
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00916-00227426-00227621 to protect homosexual citizens from
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00917-00227621-00227792 discrimination on the basis of their
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00918-00227792-00228085 sexual orientation Rehnquist joined the
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00919-00228086-00228229 dissent which argued that the
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00920-00228230-00228440 Constitution of the United States says
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00921-00228441-00228692 nothing about this subject so it is left
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00922-00228692-00228871 to be resolved by normal democratic
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00923-00228873-00229219 means the dissent written by Justice
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00924-00229221-00229400 Scalia argued as follows some
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00925-00229401-00229609 punctuation omitted general laws and
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00926-00229610-00229783 policies that prohibit arbitrary
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00927-00229784-00229937 discrimination would continue to
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00928-00229938-00230144 prohibit discrimination on the basis of
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00929-00230144-00230594 homosexual conduct as well this lays to
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00930-00230594-00230762 rest such Horrible's raised in the
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00931-00230763-00230948 course of oral argument as the prospect
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00932-00230948-00231191 that assault upon homosexuals could not
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00933-00231192-00231464 be prosecuted the amendment prohibits
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00934-00231465-00231673 special treatment of homosexuals and
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00935-00231675-00231757 nothing more
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00936-00231758-00231952 it would not affect for example a
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00937-00231953-00232156 requirement of state law that pensions
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00938-00232157-00232378 be paid to all retiring state employees
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00939-00232379-00232516 with a certain length of service
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00940-00232517-00232769 homosexual employees as well as others
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00941-00232769-00233044 would be entitled to that benefit the
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00942-00233046-00233198 dissent mentioned the courts then
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00943-00233198-00233494 existing precedent in Bowers V Hardwick
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00944-00233494-00233794 1986 that the Constitution does not
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00945-00233796-00234044 prohibit what virtually all states had
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00946-00234044-00234175 done from the founding of the Republic
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00947-00234176-00234469 until very recent years making
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00948-00234471-00234856 homosexual conduct a crime by analogy
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00949-00234857-00235046 the roamer dissent reasoned that if it
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00950-00235046-00235238 is rational to criminalize the conduct
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00951-00235239-00235448 surely it is rational to deny special
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00952-00235448-00235613 favor and protection to those with a
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00953-00235614-00235817 self-avowed tendency or desired to
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00954-00235817-00236123 engage in the conduct the dissent listed
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00955-00236123-00236356 murder polygamy and cruelty to animals
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00956-00236357-00236503 is behaviors that the Federal
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00957-00236504-00236707 Constitution allows States to be very
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00958-00236708-00236902 hostile toward and in contrast the
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00959-00236903-00237115 dissent stated the degree of hostility
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00960-00237116-00237389 reflected by amendment 2 as the smallest
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00961-00237390-00237730 conceivable the Romer dissent added I
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00962-00237731-00238015 would not myself indulge in
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00963-00238016-00238207 official praise for heterosexual
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00964-00238208-00238408 monogamy because I think at no business
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00965-00238409-00238558 of the courts as opposed to the
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00966-00238559-00238767 political branches to take sides in this
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00967-00238769-00239044 culture war but the court today has done
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00968-00239044-00239263 so not only by inventing a novel and
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00969-00239264-00239482 extravagant constitutional doctrine to
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00970-00239483-00239650 take the victory away from traditional
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00971-00239651-00239878 forces but even by verbally disparaging
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00972-00239879-00240028 as bigotry adherence to traditional
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00973-00240029-00240364 attitudes with the case of Lawrence v
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00974-00240365-00240688 Texas in 2003 the Supreme Court under
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00975-00240689-00240923 Rehnquist went on to overrule Bowers
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00976-00240925-00241156 Rehnquist again dissented along with
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00977-00241157-00241396 Scalia and Clarence Thomas the courts
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00978-00241396-00241609 result in Romer had described the struck
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00979-00241610-00241903 down statute as a status based enactment
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00980-00241904-00242155 divorced from any factual context from
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00981-00242156-00242367 which we could discern a relationship to
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00982-00242369-00242725 legitimate state interests the sentiment
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00983-00242726-00242917 behind that statute had led to the court
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00984-00242917-00243219 evaluating it with a more searching form
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00985-00243221-00243517 of review similarly in Lawrence moral
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00986-00243517-00243721 disapproval was found to be an
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00987-00243721-00243946 unconstitutional basis for condemning a
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00988-00243946-00244194 group of people the court protected
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00989-00244196-00244366 homosexual behavior in the name of
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00990-00244367-00244621 Liberty and autonomy Rehnquist sometimes
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00991-00244621-00244846 reached results favorable to homosexuals
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00992-00244846-00245086 for example voting to allow a gay CIA
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00993-00245087-00245269 employee to sue on the basis of
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00994-00245269-00245467 constitutional law for improper
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00995-00245467-00245646 personnel practices although barring
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00996-00245648-00245839 suit on the basis of administrative law
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00997-00245840-00246055 in deference to a claim of national
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00998-00246056-00246321 security reasons voting to allow
+PpI7Qyyda6I-00999-00246323-00246565 same-sex sexual harassment claims to be
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01000-00246566-00246823 adjudicated and voting to allow the
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01001-00246823-00247036 University of wisconsin-madison to
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01002-00247037-00247240 require students to pay a mandatory fee
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01003-00247241-00247419 that subsidized gay groups along with
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01004-00247421-00248076 all other student organizations
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01005-00248077-00248744 topic civil rights act Rehnquist voted
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01006-00248746-00248942 with the majority in denying a private
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01007-00248944-00249146 right to sue for discrimination based on
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01008-00249148-00249360 race or national origin involving a
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01009-00249361-00249555 disparate impact under Title V of the
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01010-00249556-00249923 Civil Rights Act of 1964 in Alexander V
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01011-00249923-00250223 Sandoval 2001 which involved the issue
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01012-00250225-00250404 of whether a citizen could sue a state
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01013-00250405-00250623 for not providing driver's license exams
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01014-00250623-00250808 in languages other than English
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01015-00250809-00251148 Sandoval's cited Canon V University of
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01016-00251148-00251505 Chicago 1979 as a precedent the court
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01017-00251506-00251730 voted 5-2 for that various facts
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01018-00251731-00251925 regarding disparate impact mentioned in
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01019-00251926-00252105 a footnote of Canon were not part of the
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01020-00252106-00252366 holding of Canon the majority also
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01021-00252367-00252548 viewed it as significant that section
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01022-00252550-00252801 602 of Title V did not repeat the
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01023-00252802-00253044 rights-creating language race color or
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01024-00253044-00253789 national origin in Section 601
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01025-00253790-00254330 topic religion clauses
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01026-00254331-00254741 in 1992 Rehnquist joined Levy Wiseman's
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01027-00254742-00254896 dissenting opinion that the Free
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01028-00254898-00255062 Exercise Clause of the First Amendment
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01029-00255063-00255278 to the Constitution only forbids
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01030-00255279-00255401 government from preferring one
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01031-00255402-00255642 particular religion over another
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01032-00255644-00255851 justice Souter wrote a dissent
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01033-00255852-00256052 specifically addressed to Rehnquist on
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01034-00256053-00256355 this issue in 1992 Rehnquist also led
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01035-00256356-00256505 the way in allowing greater state
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01036-00256506-00256712 assistance to religious schools writing
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01037-00256713-00256901 for another five to four majority in
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01038-00256902-00257252 Zelman V Simmons Harris in Zelman the
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01039-00257253-00257405 court approved a school voucher program
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01040-00257406-00257612 that aided church schools along with
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01041-00257613-00257963 other private schools in June 2005
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01042-00257964-00258140 Rehnquist wrote the plurality opinion
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01043-00258141-00258383 upholding the constitutionality of a
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01044-00258384-00258563 display of the Ten Commandments at the
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01045-00258564-00258836 Texas State Capitol in Austin the case
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01046-00258837-00259139 was Van Orden V Perry Rehnquist wrote
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01047-00259140-00259367 our cases Janis like point in two
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01048-00259367-00259565 directions in applying the Establishment
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01049-00259566-00259850 Clause one face looks toward the strong
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01050-00259851-00260048 role played by religion and religious
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01051-00260048-00260194 traditions throughout our nation's
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01052-00260196-00260365 history
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01053-00260366-00260533 the other face looks toward the
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01054-00260534-00260746 principle that governmental intervention
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01055-00260746-00260956 in religious matters can itself endanger
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01056-00260957-00261235 religious freedom this decision was
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01057-00261236-00261490 joined by justices Scalia Thomas Breyer
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01058-00261491-00262062 and Kennedy
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01059-00262063-00262590 topic first amendment
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01060-00262591-00262813 University of Chicago Law School
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01061-00262814-00263026 professor Jeffrey stone explains that
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01062-00263027-00263218 Rehnquist was by an impressive margin
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01063-00263219-00263386 the member of the Supreme Court least
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01064-00263387-00263617 likely to invalidate a laws violating
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01065-00263618-00263910 the freedom of speech or of the press
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01066-00263911-00264205 justice burger who is chief justice when
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01067-00264206-00264379 Rehnquist started as an Associate
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01068-00264380-00264571 Justice was one point eight times more
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01069-00264572-00264760 likely to vote in favor of the First
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01070-00264761-00264988 Amendment Scalia one point six times
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01071-00264989-00265342 Thomas one point five times excluding
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01072-00265343-00265546 unanimous Court decisions Rehnquist
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01073-00265547-00265752 voted to reject First Amendment claims
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01074-00265753-00266086 92% of the time in issues involving
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01075-00266087-00266308 freedom of the press Rehnquist rejected
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01076-00266309-00266586 First Amendment claims 100% of the time
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01077-00266587-00266863 Stone says there were only three areas
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01078-00266864-00267019 in which Rehnquist showed any interest
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01079-00267020-00267232 in enforcing the constitutional
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01080-00267233-00267445 guarantee of free expression in cases
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01081-00267446-00267628 involving advertising religious
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01082-00267629-00267784 expression and campaign finance
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01083-00267785-00268111 regulation however as he did in Bigelow
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01084-00268112-00268366 V Commonwealth of Virginia Rehnquist
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01085-00268367-00268591 voted against freedom of advertising if
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01086-00268592-00268807 an advertisement involved birth control
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01087-00268808-00269366 or abortion
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01088-00269367-00269993 topic Fourteenth Amendment Rehnquist
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01089-00269994-00270164 wrote a concurrence agreeing to strike
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01090-00270165-00270376 down the mail only admissions policy of
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01091-00270377-00270566 the Virginia Military Institute as
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01092-00270567-00270757 violative of the Fourteenth Amendments
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01093-00270758-00271043 Equal Protection Clause however he
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01094-00271044-00271238 declined to join the majority opinions
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01095-00271239-00271402 basis for using the Fourteenth Amendment
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01096-00271403-00271651 writing had Virginia made a genuine
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01097-00271652-00271831 effort to devote comparable public
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01098-00271832-00272042 resources to a facility for women and
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01099-00272043-00272240 followed through on such a plan it might
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01100-00272241-00272417 well have avoided an equal protection
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01101-00272418-00272696 violation this rationale supported
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01102-00272697-00272897 facilities separated on the basis of
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01103-00272898-00273092 gender it is not the exclusion of women
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01104-00273093-00273250 that violates the Equal Protection
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01105-00273251-00273491 Clause but the maintenance of an all men
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01106-00273492-00273737 school without providing any much less a
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01107-00273738-00274096 comparable institution for women
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01108-00274097-00274315 it would be a sufficient remedy I think
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01109-00274316-00274519 if the two institutions offered the same
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01110-00274520-00274708 quality of education and were of the
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01111-00274709-00275020 same overall calibre Rehnquist remains
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01112-00275021-00275188 skeptical about the courts Equal
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01113-00275189-00275404 Protection Clause jurisprudence some of
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01114-00275405-00275596 his opinions most favorable to equality
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01115-00275597-00275824 resulted from statutory rather than
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01116-00275825-00276076 constitutional interpretation for
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01117-00276077-00276298 example in Meritor Savings Bank V
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01118-00276299-00276640 Vincent 1986 Rehnquist established a
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01119-00276641-00276856 hostile environment sexual harassment
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01120-00276857-00277063 cause of action under Title 7 of the
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01121-00277064-00277339 Civil Rights Act of 1964 including
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01122-00277340-00277570 protection against psychological aspects
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01123-00277571-00278228 of harassment in the workplace
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01124-00278229-00278749 topic legacy
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01125-00278750-00278985 Jeffrey Rosen has argued that William
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01126-00278986-00279262 Rehnquist's tactical flexibility was
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01127-00279263-00279466 more effective than the rigid purity of
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01128-00279467-00280006 Scalia and Thomas Rosen says in truth
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01129-00280007-00280216 Rehnquist carefully staked out a limbo
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01130-00280217-00280366 between the right and the left and
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01131-00280367-00280540 showed that it was a very good place to
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01132-00280541-00280819 be with exceptional efficiency and Amie
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01133-00280820-00281010 ability he led a court that put the
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01134-00281011-00281176 brakes on some of the excesses of the
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01135-00281177-00281356 Earl Warren era while keeping pace with
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01136-00281357-00281535 the sentiments of a majority of the
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01137-00281536-00281784 country generally siding with economic
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01138-00281785-00281965 conservatives and against cultural
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01139-00281966-00282193 conservatives as for judicial
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01140-00282194-00282403 temperament he was far more devoted to
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01141-00282404-00282571 preserving tradition and majority rule
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01142-00282572-00282744 than the generation of fire-breathing
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01143-00282745-00283021 conservatives who followed him and his
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01144-00283022-00283177 administration of the court was
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01145-00283178-00283399 brilliantly if quietly effective making
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01146-00283400-00283558 him one of the most impressive chief
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01147-00283559-00283801 justices of the past hundred years in
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01148-00283802-00284014 the partisan the life of William
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01149-00284015-00284278 Rehnquist biographer John a Jenkins was
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01150-00284279-00284455 critical of Rehnquist's history with
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01151-00284456-00284728 racial discrimination he noted that as a
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01152-00284729-00284968 private citizen Rehnquist had protested
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01153-00284969-00285250 the court's decision in Brown v Board of
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01154-00285251-00285418 Education and as a justice
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01155-00285419-00285574 consistently ruled against racial
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01156-00285575-00285789 minorities in affirmative action cases
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01157-00285790-00286057 only when white males began to make
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01158-00286058-00286252 reverse discrimination claims did
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01159-00286253-00286456 Rehnquist become sympathetic to equal
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01160-00286457-00286666 protection arguments charles freed has
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01161-00286667-00286912 described the Rehnquist courts project
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01162-00286913-00287215 as being to reverse not the course of
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01163-00287216-00287455 history but the course of constitutional
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01164-00287456-00287851 doctrines abdication to politics legal
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01165-00287852-00288052 reporter Jan Greenberg has said that
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01166-00288053-00288223 conservative critics noted that the
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01167-00288224-00288403 Rehnquist Court did little to overturn
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01168-00288404-00288607 the left successes in the lower courts
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01169-00288608-00288802 and in many cases actively furthered
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01170-00288803-00289110 them however in 2005 law professor John
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01171-00289111-00289291 you wrote it is telling to see how many
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01172-00289292-00289501 of Rehnquist's views considered outside
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01173-00289502-00289699 the mainstream at the time by professors
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01174-00289700-00289873 and commentators the court has now
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01175-00289874-00290433 adopted
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01176-00290434-00290974 topic personal health
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01177-00290975-00291298 after Rehnquist's death in 2005 the FBI
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01178-00291299-00291496 honored a Freedom of Information Act
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01179-00291497-00291652 request detailing the bureau's
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01180-00291653-00291847 background investigation prior to
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01181-00291848-00292027 Rehnquist's nomination as chief justice
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01182-00292028-00292309 the files reveal that for a period
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01183-00292310-00292519 Rehnquist had been addicted to Placid L
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01184-00292520-00292770 a drug widely prescribed for insomnia
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01185-00292771-00293020 Placid L can be addictive and it was not
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01186-00293021-00293221 until he was hospitalized that doctors
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01187-00293222-00293448 learned of the depth of his dependency
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01188-00293449-00293749 Rehnquist was prescribed Placido by dr.
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01189-00293750-00293959 Freeman Carey a physician at the US
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01190-00293960-00294196 Capitol for insomnia and back pain from
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01191-00294197-00294556 1972 through 1981 in doses exceeding the
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01192-00294557-00294847 recommended limits the FBI report
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01193-00294848-00295048 concluded however that Rehnquist was
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01194-00295049-00295321 already taking the drug as early as 1970
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01195-00295322-00295516 by the time he sought treatment
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01196-00295517-00295735 Rehnquist was taking three times the
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01197-00295736-00295953 prescribed dose of the drug nightly on
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01198-00295954-00296335 December 27 1981 Rehnquist entered
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01199-00296336-00296512 George Washington University Hospital
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01200-00296513-00296701 for treatment of back pain and
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01201-00296702-00296986 dependency on Placido there he underwent
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01202-00296987-00297220 a month-long detoxification process
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01203-00297221-00297466 while hospitalized he had typical
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01204-00297467-00297619 withdrawal symptoms including
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01205-00297620-00297925 hallucinations and paranoia for example
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01206-00297926-00298171 one doctor said Rehnquist thought he
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01207-00298172-00298378 heard voices outside his hospital room
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01208-00298379-00298609 plotting against him and had bizarre
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01209-00298610-00298864 ideas and outrageous thoughts including
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01210-00298865-00299116 imagining a CIA plot against him and
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01211-00299117-00299320 seeming to see the design patterns on
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01212-00299321-00299469 the hospital curtains change
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01213-00299470-00299806 configuration for several weeks prior to
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01214-00299807-00300013 hospitalization Rehnquist had slurred
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01215-00300014-00300172 his words but there were no indications
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01216-00300173-00300490 he was otherwise impaired LA professor
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01217-00300491-00300670 Michael Dorf has observed that none of
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01218-00300671-00300892 the justices law clerks or others who
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01219-00300893-00301075 served with Rehnquist have so much as
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01220-00301076-00301240 hinted that his Placid Allah diction
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01221-00301241-00301432 affected his work beyond its impact on
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01222-00301433-00302004 his speech
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01223-00302005-00302598 topic declining health and death
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01224-00302599-00302979 on October 26th 2004 the Supreme Court
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01225-00302980-00303171 press office announced that Rehnquist
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01226-00303172-00303330 had recently been diagnosed with
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01227-00303331-00303635 anaplastic thyroid cancer in the summer
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01228-00303636-00303918 of 2004 Rehnquist traveled to England to
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01229-00303919-00304113 teach a constitutional law class at
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01230-00304114-00304326 Tulane University Law School's program
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01231-00304327-00304587 abroad after several months out of the
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01232-00304588-00304791 public eye Rehnquist administered the
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01233-00304792-00304974 oath of office to president george w
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01234-00304975-00305199 bush at his second inauguration on
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01235-00305200-00305502 January 20th 2005 despite doubts over
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01236-00305503-00305646 whether his health would permit his
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01237-00305647-00305922 participation he arrived using a cane
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01238-00305923-00306107 walked very slowly and left immediately
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01239-00306108-00306339 after the oath itself was administered
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01240-00306340-00306584 after missing 44 oral arguments before
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01241-00306585-00306891 the court in late 2004 and early 2005
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01242-00306892-00307109 Rehnquist appeared on the bench again on
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01243-00307110-00307443 March 21st 2005 during his absence
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01244-00307444-00307662 however he remained involved in the
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01245-00307663-00307859 business of the court participating in
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01246-00307860-00308060 many of the decisions and deliberations
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01247-00308061-00308364 on July 1st 2005 Rehnquist's colleague
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01248-00308365-00308534 Sandra Day O'Connor announced her
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01249-00308535-00308721 impending retirement from her position
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01250-00308722-00308913 of Associate Justice after consulting
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01251-00308914-00309078 with Rehnquist and learning that he
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01252-00309079-00309242 intended to remain on the court
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01253-00309243-00309420 commenting on the frenzy of speculation
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01254-00309421-00309714 over his retirement Rehnquist responded
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01255-00309715-00309882 to a reporter who asked if he would be
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01256-00309883-00310092 retiring that's for me to know and you
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01257-00310093-00310344 to find out Rehnquist died at his
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01258-00310345-00310581 Arlington Virginia home on September 3rd
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01259-00310582-00310872 2005 just four weeks before his 81st
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01260-00310873-00311148 birthday Rehnquist was the first member
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01261-00311149-00311331 of the Supreme Court to die in office
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01262-00311332-00311667 since justice Robert H Jackson in 1954
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01263-00311668-00311865 in the first Chief Justice to die in
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01264-00311866-00312165 office since Fred M Vinson in 1953 on
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01265-00312166-00312465 September 6 2005 eight of Rehnquist's
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01266-00312466-00312690 former law clerks including Judge John
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01267-00312691-00312945 Roberts his eventual successor served as
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01268-00312946-00313149 pallbearers as his casket was placed on
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01269-00313150-00313338 the same catafalque that bore Abraham
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01270-00313339-00313539 Lincoln's casket as he lay in state in
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01271-00313540-00313926 1865 Rehnquist's body lay in repose in
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01272-00313927-00314088 the Great Hall of the United States
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01273-00314089-00314274 Supreme Court building until his funeral
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01274-00314275-00314609 on September 7 2005 a Lutheran service
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01275-00314610-00314769 conducted at the Roman Catholic
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01276-00314770-00314988 cathedral of st. Matthew the Apostle in
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01277-00314989-00315332 Washington DC Rehnquist was eulogized by
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01278-00315333-00315567 president george w bush and justice
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01279-00315568-00315753 sandra day o'connor as well as by
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01280-00315754-00315912 members of his family
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01281-00315913-00316113 the Rehnquist funeral was the largest
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01282-00316114-00316320 gathering of political dignitaries at
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01283-00316321-00316478 the Cathedral since the funeral of
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01284-00316479-00316798 President John F Kennedy in 1963
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01285-00316799-00317021 Rehnquist's funeral was followed by a
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01286-00317022-00317238 private burial service in which he was
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01287-00317239-00317415 interred next to his wife man at
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01288-00317416-00318088 Arlington National Cemetery
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01289-00318089-00318728 topic replacement as Chief Justice
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01290-00318729-00318967 Rehnquist's death just over two months
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01291-00318968-00319149 after O'Connor announced her impending
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01292-00319150-00319374 retirement left two vacancies to be
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01293-00319375-00319634 filled by president george w bush on
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01294-00319635-00319959 september 5th 2005 bush withdrew the
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01295-00319960-00320172 nomination of Judge John Roberts of the
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01296-00320173-00320389 DC Circuit Court of Appeals to replace
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01297-00320390-00320587 O'Connor as associate justice and
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01298-00320588-00320746 instead nominated him to replace
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01299-00320747-00321043 Rehnquist as Chief Justice Roberts was
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01300-00321044-00321255 confirmed by the US Senate and sworn in
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01301-00321256-00321450 as the new Chief Justice on September
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01302-00321451-00321801 29th 2005 Roberts had clerked for
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01303-00321802-00322192 Rehnquist in 1980 1981 O'Connor who had
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01304-00322193-00322315 made the effective date of her
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01305-00322316-00322497 resignation the confirmation of her
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01306-00322498-00322672 successor continued to serve on the
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01307-00322673-00322870 Supreme Court until the confirmation and
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01308-00322871-00323095 swearing and of Samuel Alito in January
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01309-00323096-00323502 2006 eulogizing his predecessor in the
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01310-00323503-00323713 Harvard Law Review Roberts wrote that
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01311-00323714-00323887 Rehnquist was direct straightforward
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01312-00323888-00324177 utterly without pretense and a patriot
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01313-00324178-00324432 who loved and served his country he was
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01314-00324433-00325079 completely unaffected in manner
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01315-00325080-00325766 topic family life Rehnquist's paternal
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01316-00325767-00325970 grandparents emigrated separately from
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01317-00325971-00326267 Sweden in 1880 his grandfather Olaf
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01318-00326268-00326463 Anderson who changed his surname from
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01319-00326464-00326660 the patronymic Anderson to the family
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01320-00326661-00326840 name Rehnquist was born in the province
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01321-00326841-00327074 of värmland his grandmother was born a
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01322-00327075-00327266 dolfina turn burg in the raita cluster
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01323-00327267-00327551 perish in östergötland Rehnquist is one
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01324-00327552-00327734 of two chief justices of Swedish descent
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01325-00327735-00327959 the other being Earl Warren who had
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01326-00327960-00328199 Norwegian and Swedish ancestry Rehnquist
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01327-00328200-00328582 married Natalie nan Cornell on August 29
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01328-00328583-00328914 1953 the daughter of a successful San
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01329-00328915-00329135 Diego physician she worked as an analyst
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01330-00329136-00329354 on the CIA's Austria desk before their
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01331-00329355-00329582 marriage the couple had three children
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01332-00329583-00329855 James a lawyer and college basketball
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01333-00329856-00330149 star Janet a lawyer and Nancy an editor
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01334-00330150-00330329 including of her father's books and
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01335-00330330-00330605 homemaker nan Rehnquist died on October
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01336-00330606-00331084 17 1991 aged 62 from ovarian cancer
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01337-00331085-00331292 Rehnquist was survived by nine
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01338-00331293-00331499 grandchildren shortly after moving to
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01339-00331500-00331739 washington DC the Rehnquist's purchased
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01340-00331740-00331955 a home in greensboro vermont a rural
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01341-00331956-00332114 community where they spent many
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01342-00332115-00332552 vacations topic books authored rehnquist
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01343-00332553-00332927 william h 2004 the centennial crisis the
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01344-00332928-00333290 disputed election of 1876 new york not
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01345-00333291-00333602 publishing group ISBN oh three seven
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01346-00333603-00333856 five four one three eight seven one
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01347-00333857-00334259 rehnquist william h 1998 all the laws
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01348-00334260-00334539 but one civil liberties in wartime New
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01349-00334540-00334901 York William Morrow & Co is B and O six
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01350-00334902-00335179 eight eight oh five one four two one
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01351-00335180-00335637 rehnquist william h 1992 grand inquests
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01352-00335638-00335838 the historic impeachments of justice
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01353-00335839-00336014 samuel chase and president andrew
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01354-00336015-00336308 johnson new york not publishing group
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01355-00336309-00336714 ISBN oh six seven nine four four six six
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01356-00336715-00337193 one three rehnquist william h 1987 the
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01357-00337194-00337448 supreme court how it was how it is New
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01358-00337449-00337814 York William Morrow & Co is B & O six
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01359-00337815-00338074 eight eight oh five seven one four four
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01360-00338075-00338445 revised edition rehnquist william h two
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01361-00338446-00338703 and one the Supreme Court a new edition
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01362-00338704-00338903 of the Chief Justice's classic history
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01363-00338904-00339300 New York not publishing group ISBN oh
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01364-00339301-00339570 three seven five four oh nine four three
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01365-00339571-00340128 two
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01366-00340129-00340683 topic see also
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01367-00340684-00340897 demographics of the Supreme Court of the
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01368-00340898-00341215 United States list of justices of the
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01369-00341216-00341503 Supreme Court of the United States list
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01370-00341504-00341695 of law clerks of the Supreme Court of
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01371-00341696-00341971 the United States list of United States
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01372-00341972-00342313 Chief Justice's by time in office list
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01373-00342314-00342664 of US supreme court justices by time in
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01374-00342665-00342976 office United States Supreme Court cases
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01375-00342977-00343282 during the burger court United States
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01376-00343283-00343483 Supreme Court cases during the Rehnquist
+PpI7Qyyda6I-01377-00343484-00343714 Court
+POpugGBMYNY-00000-00000016-00000231 hey hey how's it going everyone welcome
+POpugGBMYNY-00001-00000231-00000478 to another video i'm your host worker
+POpugGBMYNY-00002-00000479-00000559 zid
+POpugGBMYNY-00003-00000560-00000707 and today we're going to talk about
+POpugGBMYNY-00004-00000708-00000991 multi-streaming what it is
+POpugGBMYNY-00005-00000992-00001150 who is it for
+POpugGBMYNY-00006-00001151-00001254 and
+POpugGBMYNY-00007-00001255-00001399 why
+POpugGBMYNY-00008-00001400-00001543 you should
+POpugGBMYNY-00009-00001544-00001702 take advantage of us
+POpugGBMYNY-00010-00001703-00001991 now if you are a twitch affiliate or
+POpugGBMYNY-00011-00001992-00002118 partner
+POpugGBMYNY-00012-00002119-00002502 this video may not be for you
+POpugGBMYNY-00013-00002503-00002831 so if you are there's a lot more content
+POpugGBMYNY-00014-00002832-00003118 on my channel that can help you
+POpugGBMYNY-00015-00003119-00003219 but
+POpugGBMYNY-00016-00003220-00003486 multi-streaming at least for now
+POpugGBMYNY-00017-00003488-00003847 yes twitch is opening a beat the doors
+POpugGBMYNY-00018-00003847-00004175 so you can multi-stream to
+POpugGBMYNY-00019-00004176-00004406 tick-tock and instagram at the top of my
+POpugGBMYNY-00020-00004407-00004654 head
+POpugGBMYNY-00021-00004655-00004767 and
+POpugGBMYNY-00022-00004768-00005063 they said to every partner
+POpugGBMYNY-00023-00005064-00005375 you are free to stop the stream
+POpugGBMYNY-00024-00005376-00005679 and go stream on youtube or somewhere
+POpugGBMYNY-00025-00005680-00005847 else
+POpugGBMYNY-00026-00005848-00006159 this is not market streaming
+POpugGBMYNY-00027-00006160-00006495 this is their way of saying it
+POpugGBMYNY-00028-00006495-00006734 you don't have to leave we don't have to
+POpugGBMYNY-00029-00006736-00006887 pay you out
+POpugGBMYNY-00030-00006888-00007134 so you're losing those money
+POpugGBMYNY-00031-00007136-00007367 and the people that already subscribe to
+POpugGBMYNY-00032-00007368-00007551 you because
+POpugGBMYNY-00033-00007552-00007767 you're not leaving the platform you're
+POpugGBMYNY-00034-00007768-00008063 just streaming as well someone else
+POpugGBMYNY-00035-00008064-00008223 and people will keep their subscription
+POpugGBMYNY-00036-00008224-00008407 probably forget about them
+POpugGBMYNY-00037-00008408-00008719 and keeps and twitch keeps earning
+POpugGBMYNY-00038-00008720-00008831 even though
+POpugGBMYNY-00039-00008832-00008983 they're not doing much
+POpugGBMYNY-00040-00008984-00009110 so if you're looking into
+POpugGBMYNY-00041-00009111-00009278 multi-streaming
+POpugGBMYNY-00042-00009279-00009446 this is the video for you
+POpugGBMYNY-00043-00009447-00009727 grab a cuppa jump on the walk train
+POpugGBMYNY-00044-00009728-00010439 let's do it
+POpugGBMYNY-00045-00010440-00010614 all right let's talk about multi-stream
+POpugGBMYNY-00046-00010615-00010871 what is multi-streaming multi-streaming
+POpugGBMYNY-00047-00010872-00011206 is streaming at the same time on
+POpugGBMYNY-00048-00011207-00011527 multiple platform so
+POpugGBMYNY-00049-00011528-00011767 you're sending your stream
+POpugGBMYNY-00050-00011768-00011983 not only to one platform but to more
+POpugGBMYNY-00051-00011984-00012206 platform more than one platform at the
+POpugGBMYNY-00052-00012207-00012431 time of recording this video
+POpugGBMYNY-00053-00012432-00012742 twitch only allows the multi-stream for
+POpugGBMYNY-00054-00012743-00013055 partners and affiliates only to
+POpugGBMYNY-00055-00013056-00013286 tick-tock and instagram my opinion is
+POpugGBMYNY-00056-00013287-00013599 because the viewer experience is better
+POpugGBMYNY-00057-00013600-00013855 than twitch so they're like
+POpugGBMYNY-00058-00013856-00014047 let's get some of those viewers to us
+POpugGBMYNY-00059-00014047-00014151 you know
+POpugGBMYNY-00060-00014152-00014366 other than my opinions
+POpugGBMYNY-00061-00014368-00014543 this is what it is
+POpugGBMYNY-00062-00014544-00014807 but for every other platform
+POpugGBMYNY-00063-00014808-00014999 so you can literally stream at the same
+POpugGBMYNY-00064-00015000-00015119 time
+POpugGBMYNY-00065-00015119-00015294 to youtube
+POpugGBMYNY-00066-00015295-00015438 twitch if you're not affiliated or
+POpugGBMYNY-00067-00015440-00015871 partner in this case trovo
+POpugGBMYNY-00068-00015872-00015983 facebook
+POpugGBMYNY-00069-00015984-00016222 if if he's still a thing i'm not sure i
+POpugGBMYNY-00070-00016223-00016375 haven't been on facebook in like 20
+POpugGBMYNY-00071-00016376-00016719 years private d live is a dead platform
+POpugGBMYNY-00072-00016720-00017063 glee mash is it still there not sure
+POpugGBMYNY-00073-00017064-00017230 uh it was a follow to follow scheme
+POpugGBMYNY-00074-00017231-00017319 anyway
+POpugGBMYNY-00075-00017320-00017527 um if you do want to know more about the
+POpugGBMYNY-00076-00017528-00017791 platform the streaming platform of 2022
+POpugGBMYNY-00077-00017792-00018063 i do have a video linked somewhere
+POpugGBMYNY-00078-00018064-00018247 this is another point on this video but
+POpugGBMYNY-00079-00018248-00018543 on this video is multi-streaming sorry
+POpugGBMYNY-00080-00018544-00018830 you can push your streams on more than
+POpugGBMYNY-00081-00018831-00019150 one platform there are paid services
+POpugGBMYNY-00082-00019151-00019463 like uh stream yard restream restroom as
+POpugGBMYNY-00083-00019464-00019679 a free version and a paid version free
+POpugGBMYNY-00084-00019680-00019919 version it allows you to push the stream
+POpugGBMYNY-00085-00019920-00020127 only to two platform the one on the
+POpugGBMYNY-00086-00020128-00020343 restroom dot io website um if you're
+POpugGBMYNY-00087-00020344-00020550 more than two you have to pay with the
+POpugGBMYNY-00088-00020551-00020886 lowest subscription you only get 720p
+POpugGBMYNY-00089-00020887-00021119 so if you're like me they use frame on
+POpugGBMYNY-00090-00021120-00021471 1080p the lowest subscription is two
+POpugGBMYNY-00091-00021472-00021750 lights and for australians is 40 bucks a
+POpugGBMYNY-00092-00021751-00021878 month
+POpugGBMYNY-00093-00021879-00022207 40 bucks a month i use serious just to
+POpugGBMYNY-00094-00022208-00022350 push your stream
+POpugGBMYNY-00095-00022351-00022703 right it's it's not worth it sorry i do
+POpugGBMYNY-00096-00022704-00023014 have another couple of solutions uh one
+POpugGBMYNY-00097-00023015-00023286 would be prime you know what brian is
+POpugGBMYNY-00098-00023287-00023447 checking in
+POpugGBMYNY-00099-00023448-00023703 that video with with all the platformers
+POpugGBMYNY-00100-00023704-00024127 of 2022. prime used to allow the stream
+POpugGBMYNY-00101-00024128-00024414 to be pushed to um twitch
+POpugGBMYNY-00102-00024415-00024542 provo
+POpugGBMYNY-00103-00024543-00024903 youtube d live facebook until
+POpugGBMYNY-00104-00024904-00025158 a couple of months ago until the update
+POpugGBMYNY-00105-00025159-00025407 so now they have a better integration
+POpugGBMYNY-00106-00025408-00025503 tool
+POpugGBMYNY-00107-00025504-00025758 so they're only doing twitch and travel
+POpugGBMYNY-00108-00025760-00026014 at the moment if you
+POpugGBMYNY-00109-00026016-00026279 only want to stream
+POpugGBMYNY-00110-00026280-00026414 by any means
+POpugGBMYNY-00111-00026416-00026679 brahm is probably
+POpugGBMYNY-00112-00026680-00026895 the effortless solution
+POpugGBMYNY-00113-00026895-00026990 because
+POpugGBMYNY-00114-00026991-00027207 you send the swim to brian and brian
+POpugGBMYNY-00115-00027208-00027495 push it to these two platforms
+POpugGBMYNY-00116-00027495-00027583 but
+POpugGBMYNY-00117-00027583-00027814 we go back to the same problem that we
+POpugGBMYNY-00118-00027816-00027967 had with
+POpugGBMYNY-00119-00027968-00028214 um restroom.io then we only have two
+POpugGBMYNY-00120-00028216-00028358 platforms
+POpugGBMYNY-00121-00028360-00028551 as the time that i'm recording this
+POpugGBMYNY-00122-00028552-00028823 video uh i'm sure that we'll add again
+POpugGBMYNY-00123-00028824-00028951 youtube
+POpugGBMYNY-00124-00028952-00029127 maybe d live
+POpugGBMYNY-00125-00029127-00029414 to that platform but still something and
+POpugGBMYNY-00126-00029416-00029695 then maybe youtube not entirely sure
+POpugGBMYNY-00127-00029695-00029927 um but at least you know the three
+POpugGBMYNY-00128-00029927-00030118 the three big ones
+POpugGBMYNY-00129-00030119-00030414 um youtube twitch and trover now there
+POpugGBMYNY-00130-00030416-00030614 is another way
+POpugGBMYNY-00131-00030616-00030999 that is a little bit harder and it needs
+POpugGBMYNY-00132-00031000-00031207 a good pc
+POpugGBMYNY-00133-00031208-00031423 if you're using a single setup if you
+POpugGBMYNY-00134-00031424-00031655 use a double setup by any means
+POpugGBMYNY-00135-00031656-00031758 do it
+POpugGBMYNY-00136-00031760-00031943 and also needs a good internet
+POpugGBMYNY-00137-00031944-00032079 connection
+POpugGBMYNY-00138-00032080-00032399 so this is a plug-in for obs it's called
+POpugGBMYNY-00139-00032400-00032655 custom
+POpugGBMYNY-00140-00032656-00032879 rtmp
+POpugGBMYNY-00141-00032880-00033135 and it's very easy to set up very very
+POpugGBMYNY-00142-00033136-00033351 easy to set up
+POpugGBMYNY-00143-00033352-00033527 and
+POpugGBMYNY-00144-00033528-00033927 you can add your stream key
+POpugGBMYNY-00145-00033928-00034207 and the stream server
+POpugGBMYNY-00146-00034208-00034318 so
+POpugGBMYNY-00147-00034319-00034535 what it does is when you start your
+POpugGBMYNY-00148-00034536-00034671 stream
+POpugGBMYNY-00149-00034672-00034807 right
+POpugGBMYNY-00150-00034808-00035023 once set it up obviously
+POpugGBMYNY-00151-00035024-00035343 you it will start automatically the
+POpugGBMYNY-00152-00035344-00035543 other platform that you set up on the
+POpugGBMYNY-00153-00035544-00035774 side
+POpugGBMYNY-00154-00035775-00035983 effortless you won't see the chat
+POpugGBMYNY-00155-00035984-00036167 obviously because it's not integrated
+POpugGBMYNY-00156-00036168-00036359 like prime like
+POpugGBMYNY-00157-00036360-00036559 restrim.io
+POpugGBMYNY-00158-00036560-00036823 but keep in mind they still use the
+POpugGBMYNY-00159-00036824-00037143 encoder your streaming quarter
+POpugGBMYNY-00160-00037144-00037415 so it's not only including one stream
+POpugGBMYNY-00161-00037416-00037567 but more than one
+POpugGBMYNY-00162-00037568-00037718 so you need
+POpugGBMYNY-00163-00037719-00037823 a
+POpugGBMYNY-00164-00037824-00038102 slightly beefy pc first
+POpugGBMYNY-00165-00038103-00038255 and second of all you need to have
+POpugGBMYNY-00166-00038256-00038502 enough bandwidth
+POpugGBMYNY-00167-00038503-00038687 let me explain
+POpugGBMYNY-00168-00038688-00039062 so when you stream
+POpugGBMYNY-00169-00039063-00039279 you have to have a look at your internet
+POpugGBMYNY-00170-00039280-00039623 plan the home internet plan
+POpugGBMYNY-00171-00039624-00040023 and if the plan says you know
+POpugGBMYNY-00172-00040024-00040367 25 5
+POpugGBMYNY-00173-00040368-00040487 5
+POpugGBMYNY-00174-00040488-00040662 50 25
+POpugGBMYNY-00175-00040663-00040895 100 4
+POpugGBMYNY-00176-00040896-00041055 this is your speed
+POpugGBMYNY-00177-00041056-00041399 download and upload right so download
+POpugGBMYNY-00178-00041400-00041599 that take it from the internet upload
+POpugGBMYNY-00179-00041600-00041695 because
+POpugGBMYNY-00180-00041696-00041918 uploading content
+POpugGBMYNY-00181-00041919-00042062 when you do content creation and
+POpugGBMYNY-00182-00042063-00042287 streaming the only thing that you should
+POpugGBMYNY-00183-00042288-00042455 care about
+POpugGBMYNY-00184-00042456-00042799 is upload
+POpugGBMYNY-00185-00042800-00043087 is not the most sponsored
+POpugGBMYNY-00186-00043088-00043302 stuff that you find
+POpugGBMYNY-00187-00043303-00043487 when you look at
+POpugGBMYNY-00188-00043488-00043702 internet providers unfortunately
+POpugGBMYNY-00189-00043703-00043935 but it's very very important because as
+POpugGBMYNY-00190-00043936-00044271 a streamer you upload content so you
+POpugGBMYNY-00191-00044272-00044711 need the upload speed
+POpugGBMYNY-00192-00044712-00044902 now every stream has got its own bit
+POpugGBMYNY-00193-00044903-00045335 rate bitrate is the upload rate
+POpugGBMYNY-00194-00045336-00045630 if it says c 6000
+POpugGBMYNY-00195-00045631-00046062 b right it means six megabytes right
+POpugGBMYNY-00196-00046063-00046239 so
+POpugGBMYNY-00197-00046240-00046383 if you have a connection like for
+POpugGBMYNY-00198-00046384-00046543 example i have
+POpugGBMYNY-00199-00046544-00046767 i have the 100 megabytes per second
+POpugGBMYNY-00200-00046768-00047102 download and 40 upload
+POpugGBMYNY-00201-00047103-00047215 right
+POpugGBMYNY-00202-00047216-00047479 so what i've been doing with this plugin
+POpugGBMYNY-00203-00047480-00047727 at the moment
+POpugGBMYNY-00204-00047728-00048039 i stream directly to youtube
+POpugGBMYNY-00205-00048040-00048167 with six
+POpugGBMYNY-00206-00048168-00048390 megabytes per second
+POpugGBMYNY-00207-00048391-00048830 and then i have twitch and trovo
+POpugGBMYNY-00208-00048831-00048983 with this
+POpugGBMYNY-00209-00048984-00049143 plugin
+POpugGBMYNY-00210-00049144-00049335 so
+POpugGBMYNY-00211-00049336-00049502 and it's easy as well in the settings
+POpugGBMYNY-00212-00049503-00049855 because you send out the same bit rate
+POpugGBMYNY-00213-00049856-00050007 so
+POpugGBMYNY-00214-00050008-00050455 i have six megabytes per second per
+POpugGBMYNY-00215-00050456-00050535 for
+POpugGBMYNY-00216-00050536-00050807 twitch six megabytes per second for
+POpugGBMYNY-00217-00050808-00051015 travo and six megabytes per second for
+POpugGBMYNY-00218-00051016-00051423 youtube so you need 18 megabytes
+POpugGBMYNY-00219-00051424-00051646 um if you stream for example like me at
+POpugGBMYNY-00220-00051647-00051846 1080p
+POpugGBMYNY-00221-00051847-00052158 um with 6 000 bit rate
+POpugGBMYNY-00222-00052159-00052279 which is
+POpugGBMYNY-00223-00052279-00052494 in theory the maximum that you can have
+POpugGBMYNY-00224-00052495-00052694 on twitch's affiliate
+POpugGBMYNY-00225-00052695-00053038 it's not being set in stone but since i
+POpugGBMYNY-00226-00053039-00053182 pushed the stream on three platform from
+POpugGBMYNY-00227-00053183-00053282 my own
+POpugGBMYNY-00228-00053283-00053591 computer i keep it a six and also just
+POpugGBMYNY-00229-00053591-00053830 make it easier when you set it up
+POpugGBMYNY-00230-00053832-00054142 um if you have the same bit rate
+POpugGBMYNY-00231-00054144-00054254 on
+POpugGBMYNY-00232-00054255-00054519 on the main platform and then the one on
+POpugGBMYNY-00233-00054520-00054742 the plugin that you listed
+POpugGBMYNY-00234-00054744-00054847 but
+POpugGBMYNY-00235-00054848-00055103 when you multistream with this plugin
+POpugGBMYNY-00236-00055104-00055526 it's free completely free of charge
+POpugGBMYNY-00237-00055527-00055847 but as i said you use the encoder
+POpugGBMYNY-00238-00055848-00056030 of the pc so it's including three
+POpugGBMYNY-00239-00056032-00056294 streams not one or four streams and not
+POpugGBMYNY-00240-00056295-00056407 one
+POpugGBMYNY-00241-00056408-00056726 and also you need to have enough
+POpugGBMYNY-00242-00056727-00056894 upload speed
+POpugGBMYNY-00243-00056895-00057047 available
+POpugGBMYNY-00244-00057048-00057254 with your internet provider
+POpugGBMYNY-00245-00057255-00057479 to be able to support the uploading on
+POpugGBMYNY-00246-00057479-00057638 the stream
+POpugGBMYNY-00247-00057639-00057791 last step
+POpugGBMYNY-00248-00057791-00057935 you plan to stream full-time you're
+POpugGBMYNY-00249-00057936-00058215 planning to make content full-time
+POpugGBMYNY-00250-00058216-00058550 try to make sure if you can to connect
+POpugGBMYNY-00251-00058551-00058838 your pc that you see here this is my pc
+POpugGBMYNY-00252-00058839-00059023 my bill
+POpugGBMYNY-00253-00059024-00059382 my baby the baby beast
+POpugGBMYNY-00254-00059383-00059742 your pc directly to the rails are
+POpugGBMYNY-00255-00059744-00059838 with
+POpugGBMYNY-00256-00059839-00060063 a lan cable
+POpugGBMYNY-00257-00060064-00060287 it will always be faster than using
+POpugGBMYNY-00258-00060288-00060638 wi-fi wi-fi for streaming is bad so if
+POpugGBMYNY-00259-00060639-00060942 you can avoid it it's better okay
+POpugGBMYNY-00260-00060944-00061182 i've got a funny story to tell i know
+POpugGBMYNY-00261-00061183-00061303 this video has been a little bit
+POpugGBMYNY-00262-00061304-00061550 different and that was the whole point
+POpugGBMYNY-00263-00061551-00062015 now i go around discord servers a lot
+POpugGBMYNY-00264-00062016-00062215 mostly of big companies you know like
+POpugGBMYNY-00265-00062216-00062350 elgato
+POpugGBMYNY-00266-00062351-00062663 and um stream elements
+POpugGBMYNY-00267-00062664-00062854 and i had the chance to meet one of this
+POpugGBMYNY-00268-00062855-00062966 servers
+POpugGBMYNY-00269-00062967-00063487 i had the chance to meet someone
+POpugGBMYNY-00270-00063488-00063687 my god sorry
+POpugGBMYNY-00271-00063688-00063799 um
+POpugGBMYNY-00272-00063800-00064038 we're talking about streaming
+POpugGBMYNY-00273-00064039-00064247 and he was going on about he couldn't
+POpugGBMYNY-00274-00064248-00064406 multi-stream because he didn't have
+POpugGBMYNY-00275-00064407-00064566 enough bandwidth
+POpugGBMYNY-00276-00064567-00064719 you know how i would just talk about
+POpugGBMYNY-00277-00064720-00064926 bandwidth just now
+POpugGBMYNY-00278-00064927-00065023 anyway
+POpugGBMYNY-00279-00065024-00065150 so
+POpugGBMYNY-00280-00065151-00065526 i told him about this plug-in
+POpugGBMYNY-00281-00065527-00065815 he was angry about
+POpugGBMYNY-00282-00065816-00066111 he was angry with restraint because he
+POpugGBMYNY-00283-00066112-00066231 would only
+POpugGBMYNY-00284-00066232-00066535 let him restream to two platforms
+POpugGBMYNY-00285-00066536-00066687 and after a while we were talking it was
+POpugGBMYNY-00286-00066688-00067063 gone keep going on about six platforms
+POpugGBMYNY-00287-00067064-00067199 and so
+POpugGBMYNY-00288-00067200-00067463 after a little while i asked him sex
+POpugGBMYNY-00289-00067464-00067694 platform what are you talking about
+POpugGBMYNY-00290-00067695-00067894 he said to me oh yeah i need six
+POpugGBMYNY-00291-00067895-00068182 megabytes per second
+POpugGBMYNY-00292-00068183-00068319 for twitch
+POpugGBMYNY-00293-00068320-00068463 trovo
+POpugGBMYNY-00294-00068464-00068682 youtube and d
+POpugGBMYNY-00295-00068683-00069038 live is pretty much a dead
+POpugGBMYNY-00296-00069039-00069215 sort of platform
+POpugGBMYNY-00297-00069216-00069359 so
+POpugGBMYNY-00298-00069360-00069494 either you're there or you're not there
+POpugGBMYNY-00299-00069495-00069703 it doesn't really matter
+POpugGBMYNY-00300-00069704-00069791 and
+POpugGBMYNY-00301-00069792-00070023 and then he told me no i need 24
+POpugGBMYNY-00302-00070024-00070238 megabytes per second
+POpugGBMYNY-00303-00070239-00070494 for youtube and
+POpugGBMYNY-00304-00070495-00070747 and prime because i want to stream on
+POpugGBMYNY-00305-00070748-00071079 1440p on both platforms
+POpugGBMYNY-00306-00071080-00071159 like
+POpugGBMYNY-00307-00071160-00071375 1440p on brian
+POpugGBMYNY-00308-00071376-00071550 why would you do that
+POpugGBMYNY-00309-00071551-00071799 oh yeah because i can
+POpugGBMYNY-00310-00071800-00071999 i'm like mate
+POpugGBMYNY-00311-00072000-00072223 there's not a lot of people watching
+POpugGBMYNY-00312-00072224-00072679 1080p streams let alone you know 1440p
+POpugGBMYNY-00313-00072680-00072935 and i'm like also you must have a beast
+POpugGBMYNY-00314-00072936-00073062 of a computer
+POpugGBMYNY-00315-00073063-00073479 he said to me i have two streaming pcs
+POpugGBMYNY-00316-00073480-00073655 i have one pc
+POpugGBMYNY-00317-00073656-00073743 for
+POpugGBMYNY-00318-00073744-00074006 the four platforms at six megabytes per
+POpugGBMYNY-00319-00074007-00074103 second
+POpugGBMYNY-00320-00074104-00074343 and another one
+POpugGBMYNY-00321-00074344-00074711 to stream to youtube and tr and brian
+POpugGBMYNY-00322-00074712-00074975 we 24 megabytes per second and then i
+POpugGBMYNY-00323-00074976-00075111 have a
+POpugGBMYNY-00324-00075112-00075438 gaming pc i'm like dude you have three
+POpugGBMYNY-00325-00075439-00075631 pcs
+POpugGBMYNY-00326-00075632-00075743 wouldn't
+POpugGBMYNY-00327-00075744-00075959 wouldn't it be easier
+POpugGBMYNY-00328-00075960-00076087 just to
+POpugGBMYNY-00329-00076088-00076335 use the plug-in
+POpugGBMYNY-00330-00076336-00076438 or
+POpugGBMYNY-00331-00076439-00076831 pay for a stream and then use your time
+POpugGBMYNY-00332-00076832-00077071 to make some tick-tocks
+POpugGBMYNY-00333-00077072-00077350 some youtubes
+POpugGBMYNY-00334-00077351-00077543 and he said to me
+POpugGBMYNY-00335-00077544-00077847 um i gave up i gave up i just love to
+POpugGBMYNY-00336-00077848-00078047 stream and stream games i'm like yeah
+POpugGBMYNY-00337-00078048-00078287 alright dude all right i appreciate you
+POpugGBMYNY-00338-00078288-00078471 got until here
+POpugGBMYNY-00339-00078472-00078735 very very much appreciate it i
+POpugGBMYNY-00340-00078736-00078950 i've tried to be as simple as possible
+POpugGBMYNY-00341-00078951-00079047 when i
+POpugGBMYNY-00342-00079048-00079247 um explained it if there's something
+POpugGBMYNY-00343-00079248-00079406 that is not clear
+POpugGBMYNY-00344-00079407-00079631 please pop a comment down below
+POpugGBMYNY-00345-00079632-00079882 anyway just pop a comment down below
+POpugGBMYNY-00346-00079883-00080119 anyway even your favorite emoji that
+POpugGBMYNY-00347-00080120-00080423 works too don't forget to subscribe
+POpugGBMYNY-00348-00080424-00080606 uh ring notification bell so you'll be
+POpugGBMYNY-00349-00080607-00080743 notified next time when i upload the
+POpugGBMYNY-00350-00080744-00080838 video
+POpugGBMYNY-00351-00080839-00081047 and as usual guys
+POpugGBMYNY-00352-00081048-00081287 don't forget
+POpugGBMYNY-00353-00081288-00081494 don't forget
+POpugGBMYNY-00354-00081495-00081759 yes you are talking to you um
+POpugGBMYNY-00355-00081760-00081926 don't forget to check out the disco
+POpugGBMYNY-00356-00081927-00082023 server
+POpugGBMYNY-00357-00082024-00082271 uh still very very small
+POpugGBMYNY-00358-00082272-00082455 i reopened it about a couple of weeks
+POpugGBMYNY-00359-00082456-00082543 ago
+POpugGBMYNY-00360-00082544-00082838 uh we're coming from tribal from
+POpugGBMYNY-00361-00082839-00082991 from gilded so
+POpugGBMYNY-00362-00082992-00083126 people are still
+POpugGBMYNY-00363-00083127-00083343 flo floating in
+POpugGBMYNY-00364-00083344-00083487 um but it's a good place you know to
+POpugGBMYNY-00365-00083488-00083735 keep in contact with me
+POpugGBMYNY-00366-00083736-00084015 you will see the streams um the stream
+POpugGBMYNY-00367-00084016-00084231 notifications and stuff talking about
+POpugGBMYNY-00368-00084232-00084343 streams
+POpugGBMYNY-00369-00084344-00084455 i stream
+POpugGBMYNY-00370-00084456-00084743 always every friday at 8pm australia
+POpugGBMYNY-00371-00084744-00085071 central central time
+POpugGBMYNY-00372-00085072-00085215 i stream
+POpugGBMYNY-00373-00085216-00085447 i swim every friday at 8pm australian
+POpugGBMYNY-00374-00085448-00085703 central centre time
+POpugGBMYNY-00375-00085704-00085847 as a base
+POpugGBMYNY-00376-00085848-00086182 i always upload my youtube video at 12
+POpugGBMYNY-00377-00086183-00086399 a.m australia central center time on
+POpugGBMYNY-00378-00086400-00086511 sunday
+POpugGBMYNY-00379-00086512-00086638 if i can
+POpugGBMYNY-00380-00086639-00086823 i stream in one of the afternoons during
+POpugGBMYNY-00381-00086824-00087015 the week and that will be about the same
+POpugGBMYNY-00382-00087016-00087238 time as friday
+POpugGBMYNY-00383-00087239-00087471 other than that guys as usual happy
+POpugGBMYNY-00384-00087472-00087727 gaming