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+hreZPeZ3u-8-00000-00000000-00000305 oh it's time for new and the Splatoon 3
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00001-00000306-00000593 fresh season 2023 I guess we're calling
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00002-00000594-00000839 that is not holding back from throwing
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00003-00000840-00001103 any punches I'm just using this video as
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00004-00001104-00001253 an excuse to ramble about the stuff
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00005-00001254-00001474 we've already seen so I'll try to go in
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00006-00001475-00001630 some detail but mostly just be really
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00007-00001632-00001823 excited thanks
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00008-00001823-00002081 they they brought back Kraken they
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00009-00002082-00002284 really brought back Kraken it's the
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00010-00002285-00002500 biggest thing on the Splatoon 3 fresh
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00011-00002501-00002783 season poster for a reason they want you
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00012-00002784-00003125 to look at it the Kraken post had like a
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00013-00003126-00003347 hundred and fifty thousand likes the
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00014-00003347-00003527 last that I looked at it there are so
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00015-00003528-00003719 many weapons that had crack in Splatoon
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00016-00003720-00003947 one and you could see it again ranging
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00017-00003947-00004138 from the splooshimatic to the heavy
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00018-00004139-00004601 splattling to to e-leader it also works
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00019-00004602-00004829 in a way as a crab counter because while
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00020-00004830-00005069 knock pack obviously keeps it away you
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00021-00005070-00005261 have survivability options
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00022-00005262-00005447 some of the new kits are really pretty
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00023-00005448-00005801 like the L3 is this nice light blue The
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00024-00005802-00006293 Clash Blaster is just super red hi
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00025-00006294-00006653 the roller the rollers just split to one
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00026-00006654-00007105 colors it's orange and blue and it's it
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00027-00007106-00007427 yay until all the new weapons are in L3
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00028-00007428-00007787 a try slosher a rapid Blaster a 96 gal
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00029-00007788-00008069 the crack on roller a clash Blaster a
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00030-00008070-00008291 splash a sploosh the charger and its
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00031-00008292-00008567 Associated scope as well as the jet we
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00032-00008568-00008849 already know two of the kits with the
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00033-00008850-00009077 crack on roller getting Beacon and
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00034-00009078-00009335 cracking back and the 96 gal getting
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00035-00009336-00009587 Splash ball and cracking back those are
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00036-00009588-00009817 just Splatoon one kids
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00037-00009818-00010091 does that mean we might get burst bomb
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00038-00010092-00010355 Kraken jets quilter does that mean you
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00039-00010356-00010631 make a burst bomb crack it just water so
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00040-00010632-00010846 I don't have to play angle shooter Jets
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00041-00010847-00011188 quarter anymore I mean they could they
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00042-00011189-00011338 could do it I feel like they're too
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00043-00011339-00011555 scared to do that and I don't think they
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00044-00011556-00011746 should do it but I mean I I won't
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00045-00011747-00012010 complain if they do it speaking of
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00046-00012011-00012287 things coming back oh my God it's it's
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00047-00012288-00012587 Amanda Maria It's a Wonderful stage that
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00048-00012588-00012827 adds more variety to the game it'll also
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00049-00012828-00013043 be really yucky with Kraken being able
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00050-00013044-00013319 to you know go around the back and drop
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00051-00013319-00013619 on people I know that they made cracking
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00052-00013619-00013858 slower and I'm assuming it will still be
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00053-00013859-00014141 loud and easy to hear and I know it has
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00054-00014141-00014338 knockback and can't go across those
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00055-00014340-00014657 greats but there are so many walls that
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00056-00014658-00014921 you can climb in the middle of manta and
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00057-00014922-00015185 just you take your Kraken and you go up
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00058-00015186-00015455 top and life is good the world is your
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00059-00015456-00015671 oyster for whatever back line is hiding
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00060-00015672-00015880 back there at least until they give
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00061-00015881-00016133 Kraken to another backlining weapon then
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00062-00016134-00016463 you know yeah in case people don't
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00063-00016464-00016636 understand the power of Kraken in
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00064-00016637-00016853 Splatoon 3 there are so many things it
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00065-00016854-00017093 can do well are you in a fight with one
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00066-00017094-00017230 of your opponents does one of your
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00067-00017231-00017507 teammates have a kraken if your teammate
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00068-00017508-00017711 Pops that Kraken now your opponent has
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00069-00017712-00017950 to choose do they want to fight you do
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00070-00017951-00018172 they want to fight the Kraken do they
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00071-00018173-00018436 want to run the Kraken takes away an
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00072-00018437-00018641 escape option the Kraken is the second
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00073-00018642-00018850 thing they have to fire at it's just
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00074-00018851-00019030 genuinely a nuisance and it's going to
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00075-00019031-00019300 be great to see in action Kraken also is
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00076-00019301-00019463 fantastic at popping The Rainmaker
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00077-00019464-00019685 because you know you can't die you don't
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00078-00019686-00019877 have to be scared of running up to The
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00079-00019878-00020075 Rainmaker and try to pop it and fail
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00080-00020076-00020314 what's the rainmaker explosion gonna do
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00081-00020315-00020543 push you back admittedly can be a
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00082-00020544-00020686 problem if you're like you know near the
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00083-00020687-00020957 water I'm like you know like like
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00084-00020958-00021161 um you know a good old Mai Mai Resort
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00085-00021162-00021539 but otherwise there's not too many maps
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00086-00021540-00021827 in the game yet where you're dangerously
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00087-00021828-00022121 close to a deadly boundary while playing
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00088-00022122-00022439 Rainmaker so the Kraken Rainmaker play
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00089-00022440-00022697 for now is still really safe as a
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00090-00022698-00022913 slosher enjoyer I'm also just super
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00091-00022914-00023213 biased towards Manta Maria because it's
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00092-00023214-00023464 fun and I like being able to slosh up at
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00093-00023465-00023807 walls and slosh onto greats and slosh
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00094-00023808-00024064 across that little gap on the side it
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00095-00024065-00024322 looks like they haven't
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00096-00024323-00024514 and if it comes back the way that it was
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00097-00024515-00024772 in Splatoon 2 I will be a very happy
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00098-00024773-00024983 camper it's also a map where I feel like
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00099-00024984-00025277 killer whale 5.1 is pretty strong I do
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00100-00025278-00025463 agree that crab tank would also be
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00101-00025464-00025727 strong on Manta Maria but again slosher
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00102-00025727-00025990 moment again cracking moment again
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00103-00025991-00026320 killer whale moment like those hallways
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00104-00026322-00026561 in Manza Maria you don't want to be
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00105-00026562-00026783 there when the killer whale goes off
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00106-00026783-00027040 it's not gonna be fun unless you're the
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00107-00027041-00027251 person using the killer whale
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00108-00027252-00027490 that pyramid stage finally got shown off
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00109-00027491-00027779 again and it's still a mystery all we do
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00110-00027780-00027964 every time they show it off is show like
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00111-00027966-00028162 a picture of it I'm assuming they'll
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00112-00028163-00028337 wait a couple of days for showing it off
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00113-00028338-00028535 on Twitter and hopefully it'll be a map
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00114-00028536-00028745 with side Roots that'd be that'd be nice
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00115-00028745-00029074 thanks also the only gear that sticks
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00116-00029075-00029308 out to me immediately is the squawks
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00117-00029310-00029651 there are squid Crocs with Squid gibbets
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00118-00029652-00030058 oh my oh my God look at them they're
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00119-00030060-00030262 just little yellow Crocs do you think
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00120-00030263-00030449 they'll have more than one color do you
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00121-00030450-00030581 think they'll be in the catalog can I
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00122-00030582-00030893 like I I will I will Rush the catalog to
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00123-00030894-00031223 get those Crocs I was a big Croc person
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00124-00031224-00031379 as a kid
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00125-00031380-00031631 we probably had a few of them in the
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00126-00031632-00031799 house for like going to the beach and
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00127-00031800-00032027 all that jazz I want the Crocs I want to
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00128-00032027-00032164 wear the Crocs I will make them my
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00129-00032166-00032314 stealth jump shoes I only have like two
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00130-00032316-00032446 stealth jump shoes look at me stealth
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00131-00032447-00032627 jump shoes number three please I'm
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00132-00032627-00032783 curious what the little blue thingies
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00133-00032784-00032981 and the promotional poster we'll
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00134-00032982-00033202 probably know in a few days but I would
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00135-00033203-00033389 love for it to be a sub or a special
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00136-00033390-00033623 equivalent to like a hyper bomb from NC
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00137-00033624-00033802 Princess Diaries in Splatoon 2.
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00138-00033803-00034043 something you can fire at to blow up at
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00139-00034044-00034240 your own Leisure akin to a more
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00140-00034241-00034474 stationary bubble blower one of the
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00141-00034475-00034631 biggest problems of bubble blower is you
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00142-00034632-00034823 know you'd pop it they'd float along a
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00143-00034824-00035021 bit and then someone could just insta
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00144-00035022-00035212 pop the bubbles and ruin everything
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00145-00035213-00035507 going on but if the enemy team knows
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00146-00035508-00035735 where the bubble blower-esque sub
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00147-00035736-00036077 special is gonna land it gives them a
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00148-00036078-00036268 moment to react to it before the whole
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00149-00036269-00036473 thing blows up which I feel like is
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00150-00036474-00036646 pretty fair something that's been hidden
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00151-00036647-00036851 from us for a long time that's finally
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00152-00036852-00037085 being shown on the poster too is the
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00153-00037086-00037373 Jukebox The Music enjoyers get to find
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00154-00037374-00037679 finally eat the tiny jukebox hiding in
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00155-00037680-00037871 the walls of the map is finally gonna
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00156-00037872-00038112 exist for real in the game Lobby
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00157-00038113-00038368 assumably this should mean we can play
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00158-00038369-00038549 different music in the lobby at our
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00159-00038550-00038759 hearts content which would be like so
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00160-00038760-00038980 cool it's also a way for us to learn the
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00161-00038981-00039167 names of songs that we don't know in the
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00162-00039168-00039418 game such as the hourly Lobby music that
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00163-00039419-00039599 plays that we don't know the names for
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00164-00039600-00039809 it'll be faster than waiting for
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00165-00039810-00040102 Splatoon 3 you know the CD that's on its
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00166-00040103-00040255 way already
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00167-00040256-00040523 I'm also really really really hoping
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00168-00040524-00040679 those little art bits next to the
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00169-00040680-00041033 Jukebox are new banners I will yell if I
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00170-00041034-00041237 can have a funky fresh off the hook
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00171-00041238-00041465 Banner on occasion for my Splash tag
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00172-00041466-00041740 please add more banners to the shallow
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00173-00041741-00041921 machine so I can gamble for even more
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00174-00041922-00042202 cool stuff thanks and don't think I
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00175-00042203-00042395 don't see those new table Turf cards
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00176-00042396-00042635 down there I will be rolling for those
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00177-00042636-00042868 when I can and hopefully we'll finally
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00178-00042869-00043115 see you online table Turf this season to
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00179-00043116-00043337 guarantee even more ways to play in
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00180-00043338-00043540 Splatoon soon the game is still
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00181-00043541-00043799 developing and changing every season and
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00182-00043800-00043967 who knows where things will go when we
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00183-00043968-00044177 get to the summer it's good to have so
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00184-00044178-00044368 much to look forward to and I hope that
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00185-00044369-00044501 you're enjoying your own personal
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00186-00044502-00044740 Splatoon Journey we're eating so good
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00187-00044741-00044980 and we don't even have confirmation of
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00188-00044981-00045358 League or like Room codes yet who knows
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00189-00045359-00045587 what we're gonna get soon while it is
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00190-00045588-00045737 unfortunate there are so many shooter
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00191-00045738-00045905 class weapons joining into the game and
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00192-00045906-00046096 we know we need alternative kits for
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00193-00046097-00046355 other weapons at least it means that
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00194-00046356-00046565 next time we really can't see many more
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00195-00046566-00046852 at this point almost every shooter class
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00196-00046853-00047087 weapon is going to have an alternate kit
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00197-00047088-00047339 and assuming that Nintendo would rather
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00198-00047340-00047561 add a second kit to every weapon before
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00199-00047562-00047824 adding thirds we should start seeing
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00200-00047825-00048229 more and more of sloshers of the brellas
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00201-00048230-00048640 splitana Stringer Etc hopefully with the
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00202-00048641-00048857 next patch in the summer it'll be a
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00203-00048858-00049049 great way to add some good diversity as
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00204-00049050-00049271 people come on to summer break so we can
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00205-00049272-00049390 look forward to that
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00206-00049391-00049643 like the gold Dynamo roller
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00207-00049644-00049979 where is that one we know it's real
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00208-00049980-00050261 hey if you enjoy hearing me gush about
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00209-00050262-00050483 Splatoon please make sure to subscribe
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00210-00050484-00050717 to hear more from me in the future thank
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00211-00050718-00050915 you for listening and I hope you have a
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00212-00050916-00050986 good one
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00213-00050987-00052511 [Music]
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00214-00052512-00052839 foreign
+hreZPeZ3u-8-00215-00052840-00053110 [Music]
+huE7nEErYb0-00000-00002664-00003031 okay we're gonna try to finish up
+huE7nEErYb0-00001-00003032-00003343 additions to pi star additions to
+huE7nEErYb0-00002-00003344-00003759 carbonyls today
+huE7nEErYb0-00003-00003760-00003975 so of course when i think of pi star i
+huE7nEErYb0-00004-00003976-00004191 always think of carbonyls that's
+huE7nEErYb0-00005-00004192-00004343 sort of the classical functional group
+huE7nEErYb0-00006-00004344-00004647 for cc bond formation
+huE7nEErYb0-00007-00004648-00004799 when we left off we were talking about
+huE7nEErYb0-00008-00004800-00005047 the equilibrium constants for addition
+huE7nEErYb0-00009-00005048-00005143 of water
+huE7nEErYb0-00010-00005144-00005327 reversible addition of water to various
+huE7nEErYb0-00011-00005328-00005518 different aldehydes and ketones
+huE7nEErYb0-00012-00005519-00005718 and so now i want to talk about kinetic
+huE7nEErYb0-00013-00005719-00005854 rates of addition
+huE7nEErYb0-00014-00005855-00006222 not the equilibrium for pyramidalization
+huE7nEErYb0-00015-00006223-00006463 but the rates of addition to these
+huE7nEErYb0-00016-00006464-00006687 various different ketone compounds
+huE7nEErYb0-00017-00006688-00006823 it'll give us a chance to look at the
+huE7nEErYb0-00018-00006823-00007078 effects of rings and ring size
+huE7nEErYb0-00019-00007079-00007287 i'm going to give you a set of relative
+huE7nEErYb0-00020-00007288-00007519 rates for reaction of sodium borohydride
+huE7nEErYb0-00021-00007520-00007631 it's kind of a
+huE7nEErYb0-00022-00007631-00008006 prototypical nucleophile sort of anionic
+huE7nEErYb0-00023-00008008-00008351 character to it
+huE7nEErYb0-00024-00008352-00008527 and i'm going to assign just a simple
+huE7nEErYb0-00025-00008528-00008710 acyclic ketone acetone
+huE7nEErYb0-00026-00008711-00008863 to a relative rate of one so we can
+huE7nEErYb0-00027-00008864-00009031 compare everything to acetone
+huE7nEErYb0-00028-00009032-00009199 so this would be true for any acyclic
+huE7nEErYb0-00029-00009200-00009491 ketone what's interesting here is that
+huE7nEErYb0-00030-00009492-00009687 cyclohexanone which is a pretty common
+huE7nEErYb0-00031-00009688-00009910 substrate reacts about 10 times faster
+huE7nEErYb0-00032-00009911-00009999 than an acyclic
+huE7nEErYb0-00033-00010000-00010319 ketone
+huE7nEErYb0-00034-00010320-00010535 it looks pretty similar to me it's it's
+huE7nEErYb0-00035-00010536-00010703 not a steric effect
+huE7nEErYb0-00036-00010704-00010855 i don't think you could argue that this
+huE7nEErYb0-00037-00010856-00011055 is less hindered than acetone
+huE7nEErYb0-00038-00011056-00011231 and so what's going on here which is 10
+huE7nEErYb0-00039-00011232-00011359 times faster
+huE7nEErYb0-00040-00011360-00011591 cyclopentanote is pretty similar it's a
+huE7nEErYb0-00041-00011592-00011735 little bit slower
+huE7nEErYb0-00042-00011736-00011942 i don't think that that effect is that
+huE7nEErYb0-00043-00011943-00012078 meaningful what's important is the
+huE7nEErYb0-00044-00012079-00012219 comparison between
+huE7nEErYb0-00045-00012220-00012519 cyclohexanone versus cyclopentanone
+huE7nEErYb0-00046-00012520-00012663 that's the kind of effect that you can
+huE7nEErYb0-00047-00012664-00012879 take advantage of when you're doing a
+huE7nEErYb0-00048-00012880-00013046 selective reduction
+huE7nEErYb0-00049-00013047-00013479 of of one of two ketones in a molecule
+huE7nEErYb0-00050-00013480-00013599 and of course if you get to a more
+huE7nEErYb0-00051-00013600-00013807 strained system this is not happy
+huE7nEErYb0-00052-00013808-00014030 this is even a little bit more fast than
+huE7nEErYb0-00053-00014031-00014166 cyclohexanone
+huE7nEErYb0-00054-00014168-00014391 so uh let me compare these so okay there
+huE7nEErYb0-00055-00014391-00014519 are some differences here i don't want
+huE7nEErYb0-00056-00014519-00014575 to get too
+huE7nEErYb0-00057-00014576-00014791 caught up in these differences if you
+huE7nEErYb0-00058-00014791-00014911 compare this to the difference
+huE7nEErYb0-00059-00014912-00015071 in reactivity to an aldehyde like
+huE7nEErYb0-00060-00015072-00015303 benzaldehyde that's a pretty common
+huE7nEErYb0-00061-00015304-00015519 aldehyde
+huE7nEErYb0-00062-00015519-00015711 you get a real sense for a difference in
+huE7nEErYb0-00063-00015712-00015863 rate this is 12
+huE7nEErYb0-00064-00015863-00016215 000 times uh faster than those ketones
+huE7nEErYb0-00065-00016216-00016311 so
+huE7nEErYb0-00066-00016312-00016558 so i'm gonna harp a little bit on this
+huE7nEErYb0-00067-00016559-00016694 tiny difference here
+huE7nEErYb0-00068-00016695-00016879 but try to keep it in perspective right
+huE7nEErYb0-00069-00016880-00016999 aldehydes are way
+huE7nEErYb0-00070-00017000-00017239 more reactive than any ketone we're
+huE7nEErYb0-00071-00017240-00017399 talking about here
+huE7nEErYb0-00072-00017400-00017575 so how do i explain this difference for
+huE7nEErYb0-00073-00017576-00017703 cyclohexenone right it's
+huE7nEErYb0-00074-00017704-00017894 cycloaccident is not less hindered it's
+huE7nEErYb0-00075-00017895-00018135 more hindered by any sort of measurement
+huE7nEErYb0-00076-00018136-00018247 you could use
+huE7nEErYb0-00077-00018248-00018479 what you have to do to understand the
+huE7nEErYb0-00078-00018480-00018686 reaction of cyclohexanone is in the
+huE7nEErYb0-00079-00018687-00018886 transition state as your nucleophile
+huE7nEErYb0-00080-00018887-00019047 comes in and it doesn't matter whether
+huE7nEErYb0-00081-00019048-00019135 it's coming in
+huE7nEErYb0-00082-00019136-00019350 axial or equatorially as your
+huE7nEErYb0-00083-00019351-00019630 nucleophile comes in to cyclohexanone
+huE7nEErYb0-00084-00019631-00019975 you're starting to go um sp3 hybridized
+huE7nEErYb0-00085-00019976-00020039 here
+huE7nEErYb0-00086-00020040-00020279 and let me help you see that there are
+huE7nEErYb0-00087-00020280-00020511 eclipsing interactions here
+huE7nEErYb0-00088-00020512-00020775 in cyclohexonone if i draw out these
+huE7nEErYb0-00089-00020776-00021007 substituents at the alpha position
+huE7nEErYb0-00090-00021008-00021439 these protons these bonds right here
+huE7nEErYb0-00091-00021440-00021775 eclipse with the co group and that's not
+huE7nEErYb0-00092-00021776-00021943 good
+huE7nEErYb0-00093-00021944-00022207 that destabilizes the cyclohexanone
+huE7nEErYb0-00094-00022208-00022391 ground state because this carbonyl
+huE7nEErYb0-00095-00022392-00022599 because this is sp2 hybridized this
+huE7nEErYb0-00096-00022600-00022775 carbonyl is stuck sort of in the same
+huE7nEErYb0-00097-00022776-00023007 plane as these ch bonds
+huE7nEErYb0-00098-00023008-00023207 and as you go in the transition state
+huE7nEErYb0-00099-00023208-00023342 towards something that's more
+huE7nEErYb0-00100-00023343-00023567 tetrahedral like you relieve that
+huE7nEErYb0-00101-00023568-00023727 eclipsing interaction
+huE7nEErYb0-00102-00023728-00023999 now if i stood down this right here with
+huE7nEErYb0-00103-00024000-00024230 my eyeball and i looked down this bond
+huE7nEErYb0-00104-00024231-00024486 i would find perfect eclipsing and if
+huE7nEErYb0-00105-00024487-00024614 you draw a good
+huE7nEErYb0-00106-00024615-00024903 chair with cyclohexanes and all the
+huE7nEErYb0-00107-00024904-00025055 axial and equatorial substituents
+huE7nEErYb0-00108-00025056-00025119 correctly
+huE7nEErYb0-00109-00025120-00025327 you can see that there's perfect sorry
+huE7nEErYb0-00110-00025328-00025494 perfect bond staggering not perfect
+huE7nEErYb0-00111-00025495-00025567 eclipsing
+huE7nEErYb0-00112-00025568-00025758 you get perfect bond staggering here so
+huE7nEErYb0-00113-00025760-00025983 that this ch bond is now
+huE7nEErYb0-00114-00025983-00026158 not overlapping directly with either of
+huE7nEErYb0-00115-00026160-00026383 these two bonds so you relieve this
+huE7nEErYb0-00116-00026383-00026543 eclipsing interaction i'll just write
+huE7nEErYb0-00117-00026544-00026958 here this is eclipsing and it's bad
+huE7nEErYb0-00118-00026960-00027151 and with cyclohexanone by adding to
+huE7nEErYb0-00119-00027152-00027279 cyclohexanone
+huE7nEErYb0-00120-00027280-00027790 you relieve the eclipsing
+huE7nEErYb0-00121-00027791-00027990 you relieve that eclipsing interaction
+huE7nEErYb0-00122-00027991-00028174 and not just in the product but in the
+huE7nEErYb0-00123-00028175-00028302 transition state
+huE7nEErYb0-00124-00028304-00028551 leading to product now when we come over
+huE7nEErYb0-00125-00028552-00028855 to to a five-membered ring
+huE7nEErYb0-00126-00028856-00029023 right there's there's multiple different
+huE7nEErYb0-00127-00029024-00029239 confirmations for a five-membered ring
+huE7nEErYb0-00128-00029239-00029462 but you can draw confirmations for a
+huE7nEErYb0-00129-00029463-00029774 five-membered ring
+huE7nEErYb0-00130-00029775-00030039 where you can get around that eclipsing
+huE7nEErYb0-00131-00030039-00030199 you've got one eclipsing interaction
+huE7nEErYb0-00132-00030200-00030327 there's no way to you'll have at least
+huE7nEErYb0-00133-00030327-00030543 one eclipsing interaction but over here
+huE7nEErYb0-00134-00030544-00030774 this carbonyl can bisect these two ch
+huE7nEErYb0-00135-00030775-00030943 bonds so you really only have one
+huE7nEErYb0-00136-00030944-00031167 eclipsing interaction
+huE7nEErYb0-00137-00031168-00031479 i'll just write one eclipsing here
+huE7nEErYb0-00138-00031480-00031655 and that's because this ch bond is in
+huE7nEErYb0-00139-00031656-00031831 the same plane but these two ch bonds
+huE7nEErYb0-00140-00031832-00031958 are not in the same plane as the
+huE7nEErYb0-00141-00031960-00032062 carbonyl
+huE7nEErYb0-00142-00032063-00032223 so you just have one bad eclipsing
+huE7nEErYb0-00143-00032224-00032423 interaction right here between this
+huE7nEErYb0-00144-00032424-00032639 and between the carbonyl between this ch
+huE7nEErYb0-00145-00032639-00032727 bond
+huE7nEErYb0-00146-00032727-00032959 and that carbonyl bond when i come over
+huE7nEErYb0-00147-00032960-00033095 and draw out
+huE7nEErYb0-00148-00033096-00033390 the products for that reduction the
+huE7nEErYb0-00149-00033391-00033551 hydride reduction
+huE7nEErYb0-00150-00033552-00034143 now i do have eclipsing
+huE7nEErYb0-00151-00034144-00034407 interactions and so you can see why for
+huE7nEErYb0-00152-00034408-00034487 this
+huE7nEErYb0-00153-00034488-00034774 y for uh cyclopentanone maybe that's a
+huE7nEErYb0-00154-00034775-00034911 little bit slower you didn't relieve
+huE7nEErYb0-00155-00034912-00035055 it's about the same as a
+huE7nEErYb0-00156-00035056-00035246 as a regular acyclic ketone you didn't
+huE7nEErYb0-00157-00035247-00035439 significantly relieve eclipsing
+huE7nEErYb0-00158-00035440-00035687 interactions by adding to cyclopentanone
+huE7nEErYb0-00159-00035688-00035999 so eclipsing destabilizes in a way
+huE7nEErYb0-00160-00036000-00036199 hurts cyclohexanone and makes it a
+huE7nEErYb0-00161-00036200-00036343 little bit more reactive
+huE7nEErYb0-00162-00036344-00036518 and these differences between five and
+huE7nEErYb0-00163-00036519-00036679 six membered ring ketones you can take
+huE7nEErYb0-00164-00036680-00036790 advantage of those
+huE7nEErYb0-00165-00036791-00037055 when you're doing synthesis when you're
+huE7nEErYb0-00166-00037056-00037390 trying to selectively add nucleophiles
+huE7nEErYb0-00167-00037391-00037599 okay so now let's switch gears from just
+huE7nEErYb0-00168-00037600-00037799 plain ketones and let's compare them to
+huE7nEErYb0-00169-00037800-00040159 other types of pi star groups
+huE7nEErYb0-00170-00040160-00040327 so i'm going to draw two different types
+huE7nEErYb0-00171-00040328-00040559 of paw of
+huE7nEErYb0-00172-00040560-00040727 polar double bonds polarized double
+huE7nEErYb0-00173-00040728-00040927 bonds and immune versus a ketone
+huE7nEErYb0-00174-00040928-00041087 which of those do you expect to be more
+huE7nEErYb0-00175-00041088-00042046 reactive towards nucleophiles
+huE7nEErYb0-00176-00042047-00042311 i would expect the carbonyl the co pi
+huE7nEErYb0-00177-00042312-00042623 bond to be more reactive
+huE7nEErYb0-00178-00042624-00042830 oxygen is more electronegative than
+huE7nEErYb0-00179-00042831-00043007 nitrogen
+huE7nEErYb0-00180-00043008-00043246 i would expect it to lower the energy of
+huE7nEErYb0-00181-00043247-00043399 the lumo the lowest by
+huE7nEErYb0-00182-00043400-00043590 replacing car if i had a carbon there
+huE7nEErYb0-00183-00043591-00043718 and i replaced with oxygen
+huE7nEErYb0-00184-00043719-00043862 i would expect all those orbitals to
+huE7nEErYb0-00185-00043863-00044046 drop more than if i replaced it with a
+huE7nEErYb0-00186-00044047-00044174 nitrogen atom
+huE7nEErYb0-00187-00044175-00044311 so i would expect that to be more
+huE7nEErYb0-00188-00044312-00044999 reactive so if i look at reactivity i
+huE7nEErYb0-00189-00045000-00045183 would expect nucleophiles to react with
+huE7nEErYb0-00190-00045184-00045318 this because oxygen is more
+huE7nEErYb0-00191-00045319-00045711 electronegative than nitrogen
+huE7nEErYb0-00192-00045712-00046079 if i compare that i can take a similar
+huE7nEErYb0-00193-00046080-00046215 sort of analysis and apply it to the
+huE7nEErYb0-00194-00046216-00046399 positively charged species
+huE7nEErYb0-00195-00046400-00046702 so if i compare an oxonium ion so that's
+huE7nEErYb0-00196-00046703-00046927 oxygen with three bonds
+huE7nEErYb0-00197-00046928-00047174 that could be a protonated carbonyl
+huE7nEErYb0-00198-00047175-00047335 versus a protonated immune
+huE7nEErYb0-00199-00047336-00047535 i expect the same trend to hold oxygen
+huE7nEErYb0-00200-00047536-00047758 is more electronegative than nitrogen
+huE7nEErYb0-00201-00047759-00047958 i expect it to be easier to add to a
+huE7nEErYb0-00202-00047959-00048167 protonated oxygen than to a protonated
+huE7nEErYb0-00203-00048168-00048223 immune
+huE7nEErYb0-00204-00048224-00048462 than to an iminium ion but what you
+huE7nEErYb0-00205-00048463-00048615 can't possibly know
+huE7nEErYb0-00206-00048616-00049007 is the comparison between these two
+huE7nEErYb0-00207-00049008-00049143 what happens if you compare just a
+huE7nEErYb0-00208-00049144-00049407 simple ketone versus an iminium ion you
+huE7nEErYb0-00209-00049408-00049543 couldn't know that
+huE7nEErYb0-00210-00049544-00049758 right one of them is charged but it's
+huE7nEErYb0-00211-00049759-00049895 nitrogen nitrogen is less
+huE7nEErYb0-00212-00049896-00050030 electronegative but what about when i
+huE7nEErYb0-00213-00050031-00050255 put a formal positive charge on there
+huE7nEErYb0-00214-00050256-00050383 and so i'll tell you straight up this is
+huE7nEErYb0-00215-00050384-00050567 an important relationship for you to
+huE7nEErYb0-00216-00050568-00050790 know is that iminium ions
+huE7nEErYb0-00217-00050791-00051111 are more reactive than ketones
+huE7nEErYb0-00218-00051112-00051270 they're more reactive than ketones you
+huE7nEErYb0-00219-00051271-00051454 couldn't know that you couldn't know
+huE7nEErYb0-00220-00051455-00051575 whether it was more important that it's
+huE7nEErYb0-00221-00051576-00051750 nitrogen right nitrogen over here is
+huE7nEErYb0-00222-00051751-00051879 less electronegative
+huE7nEErYb0-00223-00051879-00052030 or whether that positive charge makes
+huE7nEErYb0-00224-00052032-00052175 more of a difference so remember this
+huE7nEErYb0-00225-00052176-00052254 always
+huE7nEErYb0-00226-00052255-00052423 that iminium ions are more reactive than
+huE7nEErYb0-00227-00052424-00052703 ketones here's how you take advantage of
+huE7nEErYb0-00228-00052704-00052807 that fact
+huE7nEErYb0-00229-00052808-00053103 let me give you an example i'll show you
+huE7nEErYb0-00230-00053104-00054615 something called a borch reduction
+huE7nEErYb0-00231-00054616-00054823 board reduction is based on this reagent
+huE7nEErYb0-00232-00054824-00054991 there's other reagents that you can use
+huE7nEErYb0-00233-00054991-00055094 for this
+huE7nEErYb0-00234-00055095-00055303 if you take sodium cyanobor if you take
+huE7nEErYb0-00235-00055304-00055479 sodium borohydride and you replace one
+huE7nEErYb0-00236-00055479-00055615 of the hydrido groups
+huE7nEErYb0-00237-00055616-00055807 with an electron withdrawing group it
+huE7nEErYb0-00238-00055808-00056023 makes it very choosy
+huE7nEErYb0-00239-00056024-00056247 so here somebody went and took borane
+huE7nEErYb0-00240-00056248-00056382 and added cyanide
+huE7nEErYb0-00241-00056383-00056559 so now with that electron withdrawing
+huE7nEErYb0-00242-00056560-00056711 cyano group on there
+huE7nEErYb0-00243-00056712-00057063 this reagent becomes very choosy
+huE7nEErYb0-00244-00057064-00057199 i don't know how to spell choozy i'll
+huE7nEErYb0-00245-00057200-00057407 put an e in there you get the idea it's
+huE7nEErYb0-00246-00057408-00057503 choosy
+huE7nEErYb0-00247-00057504-00057750 now that cyano group is electron
+huE7nEErYb0-00248-00057751-00058230 withdrawing so if you take an amine
+huE7nEErYb0-00249-00058232-00058791 and you mix that with a ketone
+huE7nEErYb0-00250-00058791-00058950 under these borch reductive amination
+huE7nEErYb0-00251-00058951-00059111 conditions and you use this
+huE7nEErYb0-00252-00059112-00059511 kind of choosy reagent cyanoborohydride
+huE7nEErYb0-00253-00059512-00059679 i mean it's commonly drawn like this
+huE7nEErYb0-00254-00059679-00059823 even though the carbon is attached to
+huE7nEErYb0-00255-00059824-00060111 boron
+huE7nEErYb0-00256-00060112-00060271 and these would be typical conditions
+huE7nEErYb0-00257-00060272-00060450 aqueous methanol
+huE7nEErYb0-00258-00060451-00060775 ph5 that's acidic conditions
+huE7nEErYb0-00259-00060776-00061023 you run this under acidic conditions it
+huE7nEErYb0-00260-00061024-00061230 works best if you run it under consider
+huE7nEErYb0-00261-00061232-00061454 conditions if you don't if you allow the
+huE7nEErYb0-00262-00061455-00061647 conditions to be to become basic as the
+huE7nEErYb0-00263-00061648-00061894 reaction proceeds which is what happens
+huE7nEErYb0-00264-00061895-00062135 you'll get burned it doesn't work very
+huE7nEErYb0-00265-00062136-00062215 well
+huE7nEErYb0-00266-00062216-00062391 but as long as you control the ph and
+huE7nEErYb0-00267-00062391-00062591 keep it slightly acidic
+huE7nEErYb0-00268-00062591-00062911 you'll get good
+huE7nEErYb0-00269-00062912-00063223 you'll get good formation of the amine
+huE7nEErYb0-00270-00063224-00063366 this is called a reductive amination
+huE7nEErYb0-00271-00063367-00063550 reaction so what's going on here
+huE7nEErYb0-00272-00063551-00063847 what's going on is that you're forming
+huE7nEErYb0-00273-00063848-00064079 iminium ions
+huE7nEErYb0-00274-00064079-00064271 and let me draw the equilibrium more
+huE7nEErYb0-00275-00064272-00064479 appropriately you don't have to generate
+huE7nEErYb0-00276-00064479-00064687 a lot of iminium ion
+huE7nEErYb0-00277-00064688-00064838 you just have to generate a little bit
+huE7nEErYb0-00278-00064839-00065023 of amminium ion
+huE7nEErYb0-00279-00065024-00065303 even the tiniest amount of iminium ion
+huE7nEErYb0-00280-00065304-00065487 so the byproduct in this equilibrium is
+huE7nEErYb0-00281-00065488-00065550 water
+huE7nEErYb0-00282-00065551-00065782 this is a five-step mechanism i'm not
+huE7nEErYb0-00283-00065783-00065999 going to draw all five steps for immune
+huE7nEErYb0-00284-00066000-00066191 ion for a many of my information
+huE7nEErYb0-00285-00066192-00066335 i expect you to know that we talked
+huE7nEErYb0-00286-00066336-00066511 about that in discussion section
+huE7nEErYb0-00287-00066512-00066726 i think in our first discussion section
+huE7nEErYb0-00288-00066727-00066847 and that's one of the fundamental
+huE7nEErYb0-00289-00066848-00067063 mechanisms that you need to know
+huE7nEErYb0-00290-00067064-00067294 so who cares it's five steps they are
+huE7nEErYb0-00291-00067295-00067399 all fast
+huE7nEErYb0-00292-00067400-00067679 whenever under acidic conditions not too
+huE7nEErYb0-00293-00067680-00067967 acidic not in hydrochloric acid
+huE7nEErYb0-00294-00067968-00068191 but whenever you mix amines and ketones
+huE7nEErYb0-00295-00068192-00068391 you will have an equilibrium amount of
+huE7nEErYb0-00296-00068392-00068694 iminium ions and what did i just say
+huE7nEErYb0-00297-00068695-00068919 about ketones versus amminium ions
+huE7nEErYb0-00298-00068920-00069103 what i said is that amminium ions react
+huE7nEErYb0-00299-00069104-00069255 faster than ketones
+huE7nEErYb0-00300-00069256-00069447 so when you put in a choosy reagent like
+huE7nEErYb0-00301-00069448-00069631 sodium borohydride
+huE7nEErYb0-00302-00069632-00069782 you don't see reduction to make an
+huE7nEErYb0-00303-00069783-00070006 alcohol this just sits there
+huE7nEErYb0-00304-00070007-00070150 and the cyanoborohydride will just
+huE7nEErYb0-00305-00070151-00070350 collide and collide and collide and
+huE7nEErYb0-00306-00070351-00070438 never react
+huE7nEErYb0-00307-00070439-00070606 but when cyanoborohydride collides with
+huE7nEErYb0-00308-00070607-00071111 this it very quickly reduces this
+huE7nEErYb0-00309-00071112-00071903 and so i'll draw that hydride reduction
+huE7nEErYb0-00310-00071904-00072135 that's fast so reduction of the ketone
+huE7nEErYb0-00311-00072136-00072319 by cyanoborohydride is slow
+huE7nEErYb0-00312-00072320-00072647 reduction of iminium ions is fast any
+huE7nEErYb0-00313-00072648-00072806 reaction any species
+huE7nEErYb0-00314-00072807-00072926 anytime you have something that can
+huE7nEErYb0-00315-00072927-00073167 generate a carbocation that will very
+huE7nEErYb0-00316-00073168-00073406 quickly be reduced by cyanoborohydride
+huE7nEErYb0-00317-00073407-00073582 cyanoborohydride only reduces things
+huE7nEErYb0-00318-00073583-00073731 that have positive charge like
+huE7nEErYb0-00319-00073732-00073879 carbocations
+huE7nEErYb0-00320-00073880-00074206 or iminium ions if you dump in too much
+huE7nEErYb0-00321-00074207-00074326 acid
+huE7nEErYb0-00322-00074327-00074535 here but suppose you squirt in
+huE7nEErYb0-00323-00074536-00074679 hydrochloric acid you'll start to
+huE7nEErYb0-00324-00074680-00074806 protonate the ketone and then
+huE7nEErYb0-00325-00074807-00075143 your ketone will reduce um so you have
+huE7nEErYb0-00326-00075144-00075294 to carefully control the ph for those
+huE7nEErYb0-00327-00075295-00075399 reactions
+huE7nEErYb0-00328-00075400-00075582 okay amminium ions react faster keep
+huE7nEErYb0-00329-00075583-00075703 that in mind
+huE7nEErYb0-00330-00075704-00076359 we'll use that in just a little bit
+huE7nEErYb0-00331-00076360-00076535 okay we're we're going to take a little
+huE7nEErYb0-00332-00076536-00076711 excursion here
+huE7nEErYb0-00333-00076712-00076862 and stop talking about ketones and
+huE7nEErYb0-00334-00076863-00077087 aldehydes for a moment and we'll start
+huE7nEErYb0-00335-00077088-00077159 talking about
+huE7nEErYb0-00336-00077160-00078126 carboxylic acid derivatives
+huE7nEErYb0-00337-00078127-00078319 let's suppose i take a carboxylic acid
+huE7nEErYb0-00338-00078320-00078575 derivative and it's reacting too slowly
+huE7nEErYb0-00339-00078576-00078726 and so i put a really good leaving group
+huE7nEErYb0-00340-00078727-00078943 there like bromide
+huE7nEErYb0-00341-00078944-00079159 maybe the ester was slow or the acid
+huE7nEErYb0-00342-00079160-00079535 chloride was slow
+huE7nEErYb0-00343-00079536-00079750 and so then i can rely on my nucleophile
+huE7nEErYb0-00344-00079751-00079975 coming in and displacing this
+huE7nEErYb0-00345-00079976-00080175 this carbon bromine to make some sort of
+huE7nEErYb0-00346-00080176-00080399 carboxylic acid derivative
+huE7nEErYb0-00347-00080400-00080526 and i hope you're not drawing this on
+huE7nEErYb0-00348-00080527-00080719 your paper because it's killing me to
+huE7nEErYb0-00349-00080720-00080782 draw this
+huE7nEErYb0-00350-00080783-00081015 this is wrong at every single level of
+huE7nEErYb0-00351-00081016-00081143 detail
+huE7nEErYb0-00352-00081144-00081287 and from the beginning of class i've
+huE7nEErYb0-00353-00081288-00081471 tried to convince you that this is
+huE7nEErYb0-00354-00081472-00081687 that this is wrong at every level of
+huE7nEErYb0-00355-00081688-00081791 detail
+huE7nEErYb0-00356-00081792-00081943 and so let me just remind you it is
+huE7nEErYb0-00357-00081944-00082494 always easier
+huE7nEErYb0-00358-00082495-00082887 to add to pi star
+huE7nEErYb0-00359-00082888-00083103 right if i draw this carbon bromine bond
+huE7nEErYb0-00360-00083104-00083287 breaking at the same time that the
+huE7nEErYb0-00361-00083288-00083399 nucleophile is adding
+huE7nEErYb0-00362-00083400-00083726 that's an sn2 reaction i've just drawn
+huE7nEErYb0-00363-00083727-00083847 an sn2 reaction
+huE7nEErYb0-00364-00083848-00084103 if i draw it like this right and if you
+huE7nEErYb0-00365-00084104-00084247 do this then you're claiming it's going
+huE7nEErYb0-00366-00084248-00084399 through sn2 whether you drew it on the
+huE7nEErYb0-00367-00084400-00084591 same side or the opposite side you just
+huE7nEErYb0-00368-00084592-00084750 drew an sn2 reaction
+huE7nEErYb0-00369-00084751-00084999 so it's never faster in in this kind of
+huE7nEErYb0-00370-00085000-00085126 comparable case to
+huE7nEErYb0-00371-00085127-00085406 to add to sigma star it's always faster
+huE7nEErYb0-00372-00085407-00085567 to add to pi star so
+huE7nEErYb0-00373-00085568-00085759 let me just remind you every single time
+huE7nEErYb0-00374-00085760-00085894 that there is some leaving group on a
+huE7nEErYb0-00375-00085895-00086055 carbonyl
+huE7nEErYb0-00376-00086056-00086287 yes there is a sigma star orbital that's
+huE7nEErYb0-00377-00086288-00086511 on the back side of this carbon x bond
+huE7nEErYb0-00378-00086512-00086631 so let me label it
+huE7nEErYb0-00379-00086632-00086894 sigma star carbon x yeah there is some
+huE7nEErYb0-00380-00086895-00087087 sort of sigma star orbital back here
+huE7nEErYb0-00381-00087088-00087159 that
+huE7nEErYb0-00382-00087160-00087359 a nucleophile could add into but no
+huE7nEErYb0-00383-00087360-00087559 nucleophile would ever do that
+huE7nEErYb0-00384-00087560-00087782 all nucleophiles will prefer to add to
+huE7nEErYb0-00385-00087783-00087911 pi star
+huE7nEErYb0-00386-00087912-00088126 so let me just write out pi star for the
+huE7nEErYb0-00387-00088127-00088238 co pi bond
+huE7nEErYb0-00388-00088239-00088599 that's where you add it is always faster
+huE7nEErYb0-00389-00088600-00088759 no matter how good you make the leaving
+huE7nEErYb0-00390-00088760-00088903 group the leaving group simply makes it
+huE7nEErYb0-00391-00088904-00089079 even faster to add to the carbonyl pi
+huE7nEErYb0-00392-00089080-00089215 star
+huE7nEErYb0-00393-00089216-00089415 so you always get a two-step
+huE7nEErYb0-00394-00089416-00089638 substitution process through addition
+huE7nEErYb0-00395-00089639-00089926 followed by elimination this is the way
+huE7nEErYb0-00396-00089927-00090135 carboxylic acid derivatives always
+huE7nEErYb0-00397-00090136-00090431 substitute
+huE7nEErYb0-00398-00090432-00090591 so you go through a tetrahedral
+huE7nEErYb0-00399-00090592-00090815 intermediate that's the tetrahedral
+huE7nEErYb0-00400-00090816-00090943 intermediate
+huE7nEErYb0-00401-00090944-00091191 i'm just going to abbreviate that tim
+huE7nEErYb0-00402-00091192-00091526 tetrahedral intermediate
+huE7nEErYb0-00403-00091527-00091718 and then in a second step you push out
+huE7nEErYb0-00404-00091719-00091926 the leaving group usually the first step
+huE7nEErYb0-00405-00091927-00092031 is the slow step
+huE7nEErYb0-00406-00092032-00092175 let me draw the lone pairs on the
+huE7nEErYb0-00407-00092176-00092367 opposite side so i can see that now
+huE7nEErYb0-00408-00092368-00092550 they're ready to push
+huE7nEErYb0-00409-00092551-00092775 to donate into sigma star and break that
+huE7nEErYb0-00410-00092776-00092967 carbon x bond
+huE7nEErYb0-00411-00092968-00093126 it's in the second step that you can
+huE7nEErYb0-00412-00093127-00093343 donate into sigma star
+huE7nEErYb0-00413-00093344-00093511 and that's the lone pairs right nearby
+huE7nEErYb0-00414-00093512-00093743 that are doing that
+huE7nEErYb0-00415-00093744-00094247 so two steps addition elimination
+huE7nEErYb0-00416-00094248-00094399 and i expect you to know that this
+huE7nEErYb0-00417-00094400-00094599 already that this is the way carboxylic
+huE7nEErYb0-00418-00094600-00094743 acid
+huE7nEErYb0-00419-00094744-00095174 acids substitute so it's not elimination
+huE7nEErYb0-00420-00095175-00095415 to make a cc pi bond it's elimination to
+huE7nEErYb0-00421-00095416-00095631 make a a carbonyl bond
+huE7nEErYb0-00422-00095632-00096055 okay so um
+huE7nEErYb0-00423-00096056-00096231 so if you if you're not up on that go
+huE7nEErYb0-00424-00096232-00096399 practice some carboxylic acid
+huE7nEErYb0-00425-00096400-00096579 substitution reactions like fischer
+huE7nEErYb0-00426-00096580-00096767 esterifications
+huE7nEErYb0-00427-00096768-00097215 ester hydrolysis
+huE7nEErYb0-00428-00097216-00097487 acid catalyzed hydrolysis of amides they
+huE7nEErYb0-00429-00097488-00097543 all
+huE7nEErYb0-00430-00097544-00098023 involve some step that looks like that
+huE7nEErYb0-00431-00098024-00098462 okay let me just remind you of a um
+huE7nEErYb0-00432-00098463-00098687 of a problem that often arises when you
+huE7nEErYb0-00433-00098688-00098903 try to make ketones
+huE7nEErYb0-00434-00098904-00099038 so let's suppose i wanted to convert
+huE7nEErYb0-00435-00099039-00099231 this ester into a ketone by replacing
+huE7nEErYb0-00436-00099232-00099399 this methoxide leaving group
+huE7nEErYb0-00437-00099400-00099567 my ester is a very common functional
+huE7nEErYb0-00438-00099568-00099759 groups and if i wanted to convert this
+huE7nEErYb0-00439-00099760-00100023 into a ketone
+huE7nEErYb0-00440-00100024-00100215 and i guess my example here i have
+huE7nEErYb0-00441-00100216-00100359 phenyllithium
+huE7nEErYb0-00442-00100360-00100518 i'm going to get a poor yield for this
+huE7nEErYb0-00443-00100519-00100911 reaction that is a hundred percent sure
+huE7nEErYb0-00444-00100912-00101071 and it's not that phenylithium is not a
+huE7nEErYb0-00445-00101072-00101262 good good enough nucleophile it is a
+huE7nEErYb0-00446-00101263-00101423 great nucleophile
+huE7nEErYb0-00447-00101424-00101591 and it's not that methoxide is not a
+huE7nEErYb0-00448-00101592-00101782 good enough leaving group it's plenty
+huE7nEErYb0-00449-00101783-00101950 good to leave when there's an anionic
+huE7nEErYb0-00450-00101951-00102031 alkoxide
+huE7nEErYb0-00451-00102032-00102271 the problem is this the the problem is
+huE7nEErYb0-00452-00102272-00102430 that the initial addition let me draw
+huE7nEErYb0-00453-00102431-00102718 the bond the nucleophilic bond there
+huE7nEErYb0-00454-00102719-00102878 there's no problem with that that's fast
+huE7nEErYb0-00455-00102879-00103094 even at low temperature
+huE7nEErYb0-00456-00103095-00103478 until you'll generate this tetrahedral
+huE7nEErYb0-00457-00103479-00103582 intermediate
+huE7nEErYb0-00458-00103583-00103782 there's the leaving group and then this
+huE7nEErYb0-00459-00103783-00103975 is going to push that out
+huE7nEErYb0-00460-00103976-00104175 here's that lone pair on the oxygen is
+huE7nEErYb0-00461-00104176-00104327 very nucleophilic and this can now be
+huE7nEErYb0-00462-00104328-00104454 pushed out
+huE7nEErYb0-00463-00104455-00104766 to give you a ketone and unless i do
+huE7nEErYb0-00464-00104767-00104951 otherwise that lithium still needs to be
+huE7nEErYb0-00465-00104952-00105078 on that ketone
+huE7nEErYb0-00466-00105079-00105375 don't don't have it suddenly not there
+huE7nEErYb0-00467-00105376-00105831 right it's still there
+huE7nEErYb0-00468-00105832-00105983 so i'm not showing how the lithium got
+huE7nEErYb0-00469-00105983-00106239 on there uh i made a mistake here that
+huE7nEErYb0-00470-00106240-00106423 should be methyl
+huE7nEErYb0-00471-00106424-00106623 so i've just added my new phenyl group
+huE7nEErYb0-00472-00106624-00106783 the problem with this
+huE7nEErYb0-00473-00106783-00106990 is not getting the fenilithium to add
+huE7nEErYb0-00474-00106991-00107175 the problem is keeping the phenylethine
+huE7nEErYb0-00475-00107176-00107286 from adding a second
+huE7nEErYb0-00476-00107288-00107639 time this is now more reactive
+huE7nEErYb0-00477-00107640-00107871 than the ester i started with esters are
+huE7nEErYb0-00478-00107872-00107999 less reactive because
+huE7nEErYb0-00479-00108000-00108190 that donation into the carbonyl group
+huE7nEErYb0-00480-00108191-00108463 makes esters unreactive
+huE7nEErYb0-00481-00108464-00108639 and once you form a ketone it instantly
+huE7nEErYb0-00482-00108640-00108863 reacts with any leftover phenylithium
+huE7nEErYb0-00483-00108864-00109031 and the more ketone you generate the
+huE7nEErYb0-00484-00109032-00109183 faster this
+huE7nEErYb0-00485-00109183-00109566 this reacts so what you end up with
+huE7nEErYb0-00486-00109567-00109815 is double addition and if you didn't add
+huE7nEErYb0-00487-00109816-00109966 enough reagent you'll have leftover
+huE7nEErYb0-00488-00109967-00110063 starting ester
+huE7nEErYb0-00489-00110064-00110263 present as well so it's very hard to
+huE7nEErYb0-00490-00110264-00110415 stop this double addition don't
+huE7nEErYb0-00491-00110416-00110575 don't draw some synthesis where you
+huE7nEErYb0-00492-00110576-00110902 simply add nuclear
+huE7nEErYb0-00493-00110903-00111143 like carbon nucleophiles to esters
+huE7nEErYb0-00494-00111144-00111327 because you can't stop it one addition
+huE7nEErYb0-00495-00111328-00111486 but there's a trick you can use that's
+huE7nEErYb0-00496-00111488-00113575 commonly used in synthesis
+huE7nEErYb0-00497-00113576-00113743 so if you have a carboxylic acid and you
+huE7nEErYb0-00498-00113744-00113927 want to convert it to a ketone without
+huE7nEErYb0-00499-00113928-00114039 double addition
+huE7nEErYb0-00500-00114040-00114158 what you do is you convert that
+huE7nEErYb0-00501-00114159-00114383 carboxylic acid not into an ester
+huE7nEErYb0-00502-00114383-00114551 but into something called a wine reps
+huE7nEErYb0-00503-00114552-00114815 amide and it's very specifically this
+huE7nEErYb0-00504-00114816-00114863 it's the
+huE7nEErYb0-00505-00114864-00115263 n-methyl and methoxy amide
+huE7nEErYb0-00506-00115264-00115566 so this is what you add alkyl lithiums
+huE7nEErYb0-00507-00115567-00115743 to
+huE7nEErYb0-00508-00115744-00115943 so for example if i add now phenylithium
+huE7nEErYb0-00509-00115944-00116158 to this
+huE7nEErYb0-00510-00116159-00116486 it generates a tetrahedral intermediate
+huE7nEErYb0-00511-00116488-00116790 here's my phenyl group and again it's
+huE7nEErYb0-00512-00116791-00116966 the same initial step here
+huE7nEErYb0-00513-00116967-00117351 i add to pi star and now i've got this
+huE7nEErYb0-00514-00117352-00117631 species in here that has this methoxy
+huE7nEErYb0-00515-00117632-00117683 group
+huE7nEErYb0-00516-00117683-00118175 poised five atoms away from the lithium
+huE7nEErYb0-00517-00118176-00118383 this lone pair on oxygen is poised to
+huE7nEErYb0-00518-00118383-00118510 donate into this
+huE7nEErYb0-00519-00118511-00118758 and form a stable chelate and that
+huE7nEErYb0-00520-00118759-00118863 chelate now
+huE7nEErYb0-00521-00118864-00119095 let me just make this a generic r group
+huE7nEErYb0-00522-00119096-00119286 here and that chelate is stable it
+huE7nEErYb0-00523-00119288-00119351 doesn't
+huE7nEErYb0-00524-00119352-00119575 fall apart to regenerate a super duper
+huE7nEErYb0-00525-00119576-00119710 reactive ketone
+huE7nEErYb0-00526-00119711-00119847 that just sits there until you're ready
+huE7nEErYb0-00527-00119848-00121151 to work it up so
+huE7nEErYb0-00528-00121152-00121454 i'll go ahead and draw the bonding here
+huE7nEErYb0-00529-00121455-00121639 but that's stable this tetrahedral
+huE7nEErYb0-00530-00121640-00121807 intermediate that you get is stable
+huE7nEErYb0-00531-00121808-00122054 it's all right stable tetrahedral
+huE7nEErYb0-00532-00122055-00122358 intermediate
+huE7nEErYb0-00533-00122359-00122639 and then upon workup you're throwing
+huE7nEErYb0-00534-00122640-00122823 some sort of aqueous solution
+huE7nEErYb0-00535-00122824-00123047 the whole contraption decomposes and
+huE7nEErYb0-00536-00123048-00123143 falls apart
+huE7nEErYb0-00537-00123144-00123831 to generate the ketone
+huE7nEErYb0-00538-00123832-00124423 so this is work up here work up
+huE7nEErYb0-00539-00124424-00124583 and so if you want to stop at the ketone
+huE7nEErYb0-00540-00124583-00124727 and not get over addition you use wine
+huE7nEErYb0-00541-00124728-00124910 reps amid because it creates this
+huE7nEErYb0-00542-00124911-00125375 stable tetrahedral intermediate
+huE7nEErYb0-00543-00125376-00125495 okay so let's go ahead and talk about
+huE7nEErYb0-00544-00125496-00125686 making carboxylic acids so this is a way
+huE7nEErYb0-00545-00125688-00125790 to make carboxyl
+huE7nEErYb0-00546-00125791-00125983 to make carboxylic acid derivatives kind
+huE7nEErYb0-00547-00125983-00126119 of in essence
+huE7nEErYb0-00548-00126120-00126302 less reactive towards substitution
+huE7nEErYb0-00549-00126303-00126486 because you slow down the elimination
+huE7nEErYb0-00550-00126488-00126686 step
+huE7nEErYb0-00551-00126688-00126847 and so what do you do if you want to
+huE7nEErYb0-00552-00126848-00126990 accelerate the addition
+huE7nEErYb0-00553-00126991-00127351 step to a carboxylic acid derivative
+huE7nEErYb0-00554-00127352-00127534 and i want to ponder a fundamental
+huE7nEErYb0-00555-00127535-00127647 question because one of the most
+huE7nEErYb0-00556-00127648-00127758 reactive
+huE7nEErYb0-00557-00127759-00128351 types of carboxylic acid derivatives
+huE7nEErYb0-00558-00128352-00128863 you should know about are acid chlorides
+huE7nEErYb0-00559-00128864-00129007 so you should know that you can take a
+huE7nEErYb0-00560-00129008-00129175 carboxylic acid and treat it with
+huE7nEErYb0-00561-00129176-00129399 thionyl chloride socl2
+huE7nEErYb0-00562-00129400-00129895 and make an acid chloride
+huE7nEErYb0-00563-00129896-00130031 if you don't remember that i'll draw it
+huE7nEErYb0-00564-00130032-00131039 out for you
+huE7nEErYb0-00565-00131040-00131327 that's money we call that a money
+huE7nEErYb0-00566-00131328-00131551 reaction it works every time
+huE7nEErYb0-00567-00131552-00132023 and it's super reactive
+huE7nEErYb0-00568-00132024-00132295 i want to compare some i want to compare
+huE7nEErYb0-00569-00132296-00133166 some acid halides
+huE7nEErYb0-00570-00133167-00133327 so we can talk about the relative rates
+huE7nEErYb0-00571-00133328-00133551 of reactivity
+huE7nEErYb0-00572-00133552-00133766 what you find is as you look at organic
+huE7nEErYb0-00573-00133767-00133927 synthesis is you don't use these with
+huE7nEErYb0-00574-00133928-00134063 equal frequency
+huE7nEErYb0-00575-00134064-00134271 you use acid chlorides when was the last
+huE7nEErYb0-00576-00134272-00134423 time you saw somebody make an acid
+huE7nEErYb0-00577-00134424-00134551 bromide
+huE7nEErYb0-00578-00134552-00134678 or when was the last time you saw
+huE7nEErYb0-00579-00134679-00135007 somebody make an acid fluoride
+huE7nEErYb0-00580-00135008-00135295 you haven't you can find cases but it's
+huE7nEErYb0-00581-00135296-00135423 very rare
+huE7nEErYb0-00582-00135424-00135527 so let me go ahead and talk about the
+huE7nEErYb0-00583-00135528-00136127 order of reactivity
+huE7nEErYb0-00584-00136128-00136399 acid bromides are more reactive in fact
+huE7nEErYb0-00585-00136400-00136487 they are too
+huE7nEErYb0-00586-00136488-00136743 reactive when you make acid bromides and
+huE7nEErYb0-00587-00136744-00136911 you try to store them the slightest bit
+huE7nEErYb0-00588-00136912-00137078 of water and it's gone
+huE7nEErYb0-00589-00137079-00137471 so that's very inconvenient
+huE7nEErYb0-00590-00137472-00137719 acid fluorides are way too unreactive
+huE7nEErYb0-00591-00137720-00137847 why would you go through the trouble of
+huE7nEErYb0-00592-00137848-00137990 making an acid halide
+huE7nEErYb0-00593-00137991-00138214 if it's not going to be very reactive so
+huE7nEErYb0-00594-00138215-00138359 i want to talk about
+huE7nEErYb0-00595-00138360-00138566 this ordering of reactivity here so it
+huE7nEErYb0-00596-00138567-00138727 turns out that acid chlorides have just
+huE7nEErYb0-00597-00138728-00138847 the right balance so they're really
+huE7nEErYb0-00598-00138848-00138983 reactive
+huE7nEErYb0-00599-00138984-00139223 acid fluoride is not but it's not so
+huE7nEErYb0-00600-00139224-00139383 reactive that it just falls apart when
+huE7nEErYb0-00601-00139384-00139502 you put it in the bottle
+huE7nEErYb0-00602-00139503-00139695 and next week you come back and half of
+huE7nEErYb0-00603-00139696-00139839 it's decomposed
+huE7nEErYb0-00604-00139840-00139966 okay so i want to come back and talk
+huE7nEErYb0-00605-00139967-00140151 about this sort of relationship i talked
+huE7nEErYb0-00606-00140152-00140207 about why
+huE7nEErYb0-00607-00140208-00140423 is it that acid fluoride is so much less
+huE7nEErYb0-00608-00140424-00140671 reactive than an acid chloride
+huE7nEErYb0-00609-00140672-00140802 you can't explain that with
+huE7nEErYb0-00610-00140803-00141063 electronegativity fluorine is way more
+huE7nEErYb0-00611-00141064-00141271 electronegative than carbon
+huE7nEErYb0-00612-00141272-00141483 let's just write out the
+huE7nEErYb0-00613-00141484-00141743 electronegativity
+huE7nEErYb0-00614-00141744-00141935 so the electronegativity of fluorine is
+huE7nEErYb0-00615-00141936-00142102 four
+huE7nEErYb0-00616-00142103-00142359 that's the um standard elect it's the
+huE7nEErYb0-00617-00142360-00142487 most electronegative atom in the
+huE7nEErYb0-00618-00142488-00142639 periodic table
+huE7nEErYb0-00619-00142640-00142807 chlorine when you drop down a row in the
+huE7nEErYb0-00620-00142808-00143247 periodic table is only 3.2
+huE7nEErYb0-00621-00143248-00143390 so it's not as electronegative and when
+huE7nEErYb0-00622-00143391-00143551 you get to bromine
+huE7nEErYb0-00623-00143552-00143854 the drop is not as big but it's it's
+huE7nEErYb0-00624-00143855-00144014 even less electronegative than chlorine
+huE7nEErYb0-00625-00144015-00144163 iodine has about the same
+huE7nEErYb0-00626-00144164-00144278 electronegativity
+huE7nEErYb0-00627-00144279-00144447 i'm not even talking about acyl iodides
+huE7nEErYb0-00628-00144448-00144647 that would be crazy reactive
+huE7nEErYb0-00629-00144648-00144831 but that has about the same
+huE7nEErYb0-00630-00144832-00145151 electronegativity as carbon iodine does
+huE7nEErYb0-00631-00145152-00145263 okay so let's go ahead and talk about
+huE7nEErYb0-00632-00145264-00145375 why it's not because of
+huE7nEErYb0-00633-00145376-00145526 electronegativity because you'd predict
+huE7nEErYb0-00634-00145527-00145719 the acid fluoride would have
+huE7nEErYb0-00635-00145720-00145854 would make nucleophiles add to the
+huE7nEErYb0-00636-00145855-00146087 carbonyl faster and so why is it so what
+huE7nEErYb0-00637-00146088-00146199 i want to do is i want to look at the
+huE7nEErYb0-00638-00146200-00146295 carbon
+huE7nEErYb0-00639-00146296-00146759 halogen bond lengths in these compounds
+huE7nEErYb0-00640-00146760-00146887 because that's the secret to
+huE7nEErYb0-00641-00146888-00147151 understanding this order of reactivity
+huE7nEErYb0-00642-00147152-00147454 it's not the electronegativity
+huE7nEErYb0-00643-00147455-00147599 so if i come over here and i draw the
+huE7nEErYb0-00644-00147600-00147775 acid fluoride like this and i look at
+huE7nEErYb0-00645-00147776-00147878 the bond length
+huE7nEErYb0-00646-00147879-00148039 and an acid fluoride fluorine is a
+huE7nEErYb0-00647-00148040-00148231 second row atom just like carbon
+huE7nEErYb0-00648-00148232-00148487 just like oxygen just like nitrogen it's
+huE7nEErYb0-00649-00148488-00148663 got a very typical well maybe a little
+huE7nEErYb0-00650-00148664-00148790 bit shorter
+huE7nEErYb0-00651-00148791-00149126 um but it's got a nice kind of second
+huE7nEErYb0-00652-00149127-00149175 row
+huE7nEErYb0-00653-00149176-00149335 bond length for that carbon fluorine
+huE7nEErYb0-00654-00149336-00149478 bond and so
+huE7nEErYb0-00655-00149479-00149719 in comparison if i draw an acid fluor
+huE7nEErYb0-00656-00149720-00150526 acid chloride
+huE7nEErYb0-00657-00150527-00150678 that's the secret to understanding why
+huE7nEErYb0-00658-00150679-00151407 acid chlorides are so reactive
+huE7nEErYb0-00659-00151408-00151647 i'm hugely exaggerating because i worry
+huE7nEErYb0-00660-00151648-00151766 that if i don't exaggerate you won't
+huE7nEErYb0-00661-00151767-00151847 remember it
+huE7nEErYb0-00662-00151848-00152039 so i'm going to exaggerate there and let
+huE7nEErYb0-00663-00152040-00153126 me come in and draw the acid bromide
+huE7nEErYb0-00664-00153127-00153295 and it's not as bright i'm now i'm
+huE7nEErYb0-00665-00153296-00153526 really exaggerating and it's
+huE7nEErYb0-00666-00153527-00153719 it's an over exaggeration but that's why
+huE7nEErYb0-00667-00153720-00153831 there's this difference
+huE7nEErYb0-00668-00153832-00154054 it has to do with bond links when you
+huE7nEErYb0-00669-00154055-00154207 drop down from the second row
+huE7nEErYb0-00670-00154208-00154407 with carbon nitrogen oxygen and chlorine
+huE7nEErYb0-00671-00154408-00154631 to the third to the third row or the
+huE7nEErYb0-00672-00154632-00154790 fourth row of the periodic table
+huE7nEErYb0-00673-00154791-00154999 you end up with longer bonds and what
+huE7nEErYb0-00674-00155000-00155183 the bond length affects
+huE7nEErYb0-00675-00155184-00155343 is it affects the ability of these
+huE7nEErYb0-00676-00155344-00155711 electrons to donate back into pi star
+huE7nEErYb0-00677-00155712-00156031 now with these misshapen huge orbitals
+huE7nEErYb0-00678-00156032-00156087 on car
+huE7nEErYb0-00679-00156088-00156407 on chlorine so big and so far away you
+huE7nEErYb0-00680-00156408-00156471 don't get
+huE7nEErYb0-00681-00156472-00156751 effective overlap back into that
+huE7nEErYb0-00682-00156752-00156926 carbonyl and it's that overlap it's the
+huE7nEErYb0-00683-00156927-00157102 donation into the carbonyl
+huE7nEErYb0-00684-00157103-00157343 that makes this carbonyl less reactive
+huE7nEErYb0-00685-00157344-00157559 that's why esters are less reactive than
+huE7nEErYb0-00686-00157560-00157726 ketones
+huE7nEErYb0-00687-00157727-00157935 so this fluorine atom makes acid
+huE7nEErYb0-00688-00157936-00158135 fluorides even though fluorine is super
+huE7nEErYb0-00689-00158136-00158359 electronegative that's helping
+huE7nEErYb0-00690-00158360-00158519 but you're screwing up the the
+huE7nEErYb0-00691-00158520-00158678 reactivity by having the lone pairs
+huE7nEErYb0-00692-00158679-00158823 donate back in
+huE7nEErYb0-00693-00158824-00158983 and you don't get that really with coin
+huE7nEErYb0-00694-00158984-00159102 and i'm not even going to draw with the
+huE7nEErYb0-00695-00159103-00159278 bromine so forget that
+huE7nEErYb0-00696-00159279-00159447 so with those two all you have is the
+huE7nEErYb0-00697-00159448-00159766 the slight electronegativity effect
+huE7nEErYb0-00698-00159767-00159926 well let me just try to convince you
+huE7nEErYb0-00699-00159927-00160143 here that this donation of fluorine is
+huE7nEErYb0-00700-00160144-00160239 important
+huE7nEErYb0-00701-00160240-00160478 because it may not be so obvious to you
+huE7nEErYb0-00702-00160479-00160911 so
+huE7nEErYb0-00703-00160912-00161054 it's like what's some evidence that this
+huE7nEErYb0-00704-00161055-00161295 is an important feature that
+huE7nEErYb0-00705-00161296-00161478 right if i've got a lone pair here if
+huE7nEErYb0-00706-00161479-00161631 you're a nucleophile trying to collide
+huE7nEErYb0-00707-00161632-00161743 with that carbonyl group
+huE7nEErYb0-00708-00161744-00161863 how are you going to compete with a lone
+huE7nEErYb0-00709-00161864-00162039 pair that's always right there you're
+huE7nEErYb0-00710-00162040-00162687 not going to compete with that
+huE7nEErYb0-00711-00162688-00162902 you might say oh i don't like that f
+huE7nEErYb0-00712-00162903-00163175 plus in that resonance structure
+huE7nEErYb0-00713-00163176-00163343 let me show you a little comparison here
+huE7nEErYb0-00714-00163344-00163535 that will help you understand this
+huE7nEErYb0-00715-00163536-00163687 balance between the fact that okay
+huE7nEErYb0-00716-00163688-00163878 fluorine is electronegative
+huE7nEErYb0-00717-00163879-00164111 and should make it more positive here on
+huE7nEErYb0-00718-00164112-00164319 carbon fluorine's electronegative
+huE7nEErYb0-00719-00164320-00164543 delta minus delta plus if i were a
+huE7nEErYb0-00720-00164544-00164751 self-respecting nucleophile
+huE7nEErYb0-00721-00164752-00164999 that had any negative charge i would
+huE7nEErYb0-00722-00165000-00165223 definitely want to attack that carbonyl
+huE7nEErYb0-00723-00165224-00165359 except for the lone pair on fluorine
+huE7nEErYb0-00724-00165360-00165631 getting in the way okay so let's try to
+huE7nEErYb0-00725-00165632-00165847 get straight the effects of fluorine
+huE7nEErYb0-00726-00165848-00165975 this contrasting effect of
+huE7nEErYb0-00727-00165976-00166135 electronegativity which makes that more
+huE7nEErYb0-00728-00166136-00166238 reactive
+huE7nEErYb0-00729-00166239-00166431 versus donation which makes that less
+huE7nEErYb0-00730-00166432-00166590 reactive so we can put it into
+huE7nEErYb0-00731-00166591-00166663 perspective
+huE7nEErYb0-00732-00166664-00166799 i'm going to draw three different
+huE7nEErYb0-00733-00166800-00167007 cations for you and i feel like i've
+huE7nEErYb0-00734-00167008-00167311 shown you part of this comparison before
+huE7nEErYb0-00735-00167312-00167607 but let's imagine a fluorine substituted
+huE7nEErYb0-00736-00167608-00167783 carbocation what's the effect of
+huE7nEErYb0-00737-00167784-00167863 fluorine
+huE7nEErYb0-00738-00167864-00167959 you know that fluorine is
+huE7nEErYb0-00739-00167960-00168111 electronegative that'll ought to really
+huE7nEErYb0-00740-00168112-00168214 hurt
+huE7nEErYb0-00741-00168215-00168438 right fluorine's electronegative ouch
+huE7nEErYb0-00742-00168439-00168590 there's a carbocation there with a
+huE7nEErYb0-00743-00168591-00168799 positive charge
+huE7nEErYb0-00744-00168800-00169143 it turns out that a fluorine substituted
+huE7nEErYb0-00745-00169144-00169271 so i'm just giving you relative
+huE7nEErYb0-00746-00169272-00169559 stability of these carbocations
+huE7nEErYb0-00747-00169560-00169807 a fluorine substituted carbocation is
+huE7nEErYb0-00748-00169808-00169943 more stable
+huE7nEErYb0-00749-00169944-00170214 than one that has no fluorine on there
+huE7nEErYb0-00750-00170215-00170590 so yes fluorine is electronegative
+huE7nEErYb0-00751-00170591-00170919 yes okay but it's still so
+huE7nEErYb0-00752-00170920-00171175 good to have this donation that overall
+huE7nEErYb0-00753-00171176-00171319 it's better to have a fluorine on a
+huE7nEErYb0-00754-00171320-00171463 carbocation
+huE7nEErYb0-00755-00171464-00171559 even though the fluorine is
+huE7nEErYb0-00756-00171560-00171766 electronegative that donation is so
+huE7nEErYb0-00757-00171767-00171951 stabilizing it overcomes that
+huE7nEErYb0-00758-00171952-00172126 you couldn't have known that you
+huE7nEErYb0-00759-00172127-00172271 couldn't have known that the donation
+huE7nEErYb0-00760-00172272-00172399 was more important in
+huE7nEErYb0-00761-00172400-00172599 stabilizing than the electronegativity
+huE7nEErYb0-00762-00172600-00172766 is in destabilizing so that's why i'm
+huE7nEErYb0-00763-00172767-00172935 telling you that
+huE7nEErYb0-00764-00172936-00173151 and i expect you to remember that if you
+huE7nEErYb0-00765-00173152-00173519 put two fluorines on
+huE7nEErYb0-00766-00173520-00174495 it's even better
+huE7nEErYb0-00767-00174496-00174654 that's even better what i don't have on
+huE7nEErYb0-00768-00174655-00174823 here and something that i just happen to
+huE7nEErYb0-00769-00174824-00175063 know
+huE7nEErYb0-00770-00175064-00175311 is if you put on three fluorines and i
+huE7nEErYb0-00771-00175312-00175463 don't what i don't know is where it
+huE7nEErYb0-00772-00175464-00175599 falls in this sort of list
+huE7nEErYb0-00773-00175600-00175775 three fluorines is worse the third
+huE7nEErYb0-00774-00175776-00175966 flooring doesn't help you
+huE7nEErYb0-00775-00175967-00176375 um and i've this one falls somewhere in
+huE7nEErYb0-00776-00176376-00176438 this region
+huE7nEErYb0-00777-00176439-00176623 a third fluorine doesn't help you you
+huE7nEErYb0-00778-00176624-00176838 just get the electronegativity effect
+huE7nEErYb0-00779-00176839-00177135 so of this series this is the most
+huE7nEErYb0-00780-00177136-00177326 stable
+huE7nEErYb0-00781-00177327-00177566 and this trifluoro compound falls
+huE7nEErYb0-00782-00177567-00177663 somewhere in between
+huE7nEErYb0-00783-00177664-00177878 the way to think about it is it's is
+huE7nEErYb0-00784-00177879-00177999 that well you can only have
+huE7nEErYb0-00785-00178000-00178190 so many fluorines donating into that
+huE7nEErYb0-00786-00178191-00178375 carbocation at the same time
+huE7nEErYb0-00787-00178376-00178511 the third one's kind of like well
+huE7nEErYb0-00788-00178512-00178743 there's nowhere left for me to donate
+huE7nEErYb0-00789-00178744-00178959 i mean as a sort of descriptive way to
+huE7nEErYb0-00790-00178960-00179071 think about that
+huE7nEErYb0-00791-00179072-00179431 if you really want to uh um
+huE7nEErYb0-00792-00179432-00179535 well i'll just go ahead and leave it at
+huE7nEErYb0-00793-00179536-00179831 that okay so uh two fluorine so fluorine
+huE7nEErYb0-00794-00179832-00179983 is electronegative yes
+huE7nEErYb0-00795-00179984-00180119 but the lone pairs on fluorine can
+huE7nEErYb0-00796-00180120-00180683 donate into empty orbitals so remember
+huE7nEErYb0-00797-00180684-00182647 that
+huE7nEErYb0-00798-00182648-00183135 excuse me
+huE7nEErYb0-00799-00183136-00183278 so i'm going to show you a special type
+huE7nEErYb0-00800-00183279-00183471 of aldol condensation called the the
+huE7nEErYb0-00801-00183472-00183687 nova nagle condensation
+huE7nEErYb0-00802-00183688-00183878 it's a very common way to make enone
+huE7nEErYb0-00803-00183879-00183999 derivatives
+huE7nEErYb0-00804-00184000-00184311 it involves taking an aldehyde a 1
+huE7nEErYb0-00805-00184312-00184663 3 dicarbonyl compound so i'll show you
+huE7nEErYb0-00806-00184664-00184826 one of the most common ones ethyl
+huE7nEErYb0-00807-00184827-00184975 acetoacetate
+huE7nEErYb0-00808-00184976-00185166 so you know that the pro i hope you know
+huE7nEErYb0-00809-00185167-00185319 that the protons between the two
+huE7nEErYb0-00810-00185320-00185695 carbonyls are acidic
+huE7nEErYb0-00811-00185696-00185911 and so you add some sort of a secondary
+huE7nEErYb0-00812-00185912-00186999 amine base to this
+huE7nEErYb0-00813-00187000-00187223 and don't worry about the easy i'm not
+huE7nEErYb0-00814-00187224-00187350 trying to make any comment about the
+huE7nEErYb0-00815-00187351-00187519 stereoselectivity you'd get a mixture of
+huE7nEErYb0-00816-00187520-00187583 e and z
+huE7nEErYb0-00817-00187584-00187711 the point is it does an aldol
+huE7nEErYb0-00818-00187712-00187911 condensation makes a new cc double bond
+huE7nEErYb0-00819-00187912-00188038 in the reaction
+huE7nEErYb0-00820-00188039-00188150 if you go back and you look at all the
+huE7nEErYb0-00821-00188151-00188366 nova navigal condensations
+huE7nEErYb0-00822-00188367-00188678 you're almost always using piperidine
+huE7nEErYb0-00823-00188679-00189083 or diethylamine not triethylamine
+huE7nEErYb0-00824-00189084-00189335 diethylamine not tertiary means
+huE7nEErYb0-00825-00189336-00189647 secondary amines every time and there's
+huE7nEErYb0-00826-00189648-00189823 another weird thing about novenago
+huE7nEErYb0-00827-00189824-00189983 condensations
+huE7nEErYb0-00828-00189984-00190214 they usually add acid in there what's
+huE7nEErYb0-00829-00190215-00190471 that about
+huE7nEErYb0-00830-00190472-00190654 right if the mechanism is simply to have
+huE7nEErYb0-00831-00190655-00190831 the base deprotonate here
+huE7nEErYb0-00832-00190832-00190983 why are they adding acid into the
+huE7nEErYb0-00833-00190984-00191166 reaction that can't possibly help that
+huE7nEErYb0-00834-00191167-00191319 deprotonation
+huE7nEErYb0-00835-00191320-00191502 it can't possibly increase the amount of
+huE7nEErYb0-00836-00191503-00191695 the enolate that's present in there
+huE7nEErYb0-00837-00191696-00191895 this is a classical recipe for a novel
+huE7nEErYb0-00838-00191896-00191999 nickel condensation
+huE7nEErYb0-00839-00192000-00192302 in 90 percent of all cases what's going
+huE7nEErYb0-00840-00192303-00192550 on here is not what you think it's the
+huE7nEErYb0-00841-00192551-00192783 amine is not simply in there to form an
+huE7nEErYb0-00842-00192784-00193271 enolate the point of the amine
+huE7nEErYb0-00843-00193272-00193687 and the acid is to make the iminium ion
+huE7nEErYb0-00844-00193688-00193895 and i'm going to draw the top uh the
+huE7nEErYb0-00845-00193896-00194278 tautomer the enol tautomer
+huE7nEErYb0-00846-00194279-00194502 of this so the ideal conditions for a
+huE7nEErYb0-00847-00194503-00194678 novenago condensation are not
+huE7nEErYb0-00848-00194679-00194887 basic they're actually just slightly
+huE7nEErYb0-00849-00194888-00195150 acidic a little below ph seven
+huE7nEErYb0-00850-00195151-00195302 under those conditions you have this
+huE7nEErYb0-00851-00195303-00195454 super duper
+huE7nEErYb0-00852-00195455-00195783 reactive amminium ion amino ions are way
+huE7nEErYb0-00853-00195784-00196054 more reactive than ketones this is a
+huE7nEErYb0-00854-00196055-00196766 classical novenacle condensation
+huE7nEErYb0-00855-00196767-00196902 and when you draw i'm not going to draw
+huE7nEErYb0-00856-00196903-00197047 out the mechanism there's a five step
+huE7nEErYb0-00857-00197048-00197231 mechanism to show how you get from an
+huE7nEErYb0-00858-00197232-00197399 aldehyde to an amino amine i expect you
+huE7nEErYb0-00859-00197400-00197575 to know that
+huE7nEErYb0-00860-00197576-00197854 that mechanism for amminium ion
+huE7nEErYb0-00861-00197855-00197935 formation
+huE7nEErYb0-00862-00197936-00198278 so when this adds
+huE7nEErYb0-00863-00198279-00198390 and we're going to talk a lot about
+huE7nEErYb0-00864-00198391-00198847 enols as nucleophiles later so
+huE7nEErYb0-00865-00198848-00198999 i'm not going to draw the deprotonation
+huE7nEErYb0-00866-00199000-00199166 step i just wanted to get to this stage
+huE7nEErYb0-00867-00199167-00200438 here where we
+huE7nEErYb0-00868-00200439-00200607 so you get to this stage where you have
+huE7nEErYb0-00869-00200608-00201054 this intermediate and
+huE7nEErYb0-00870-00201055-00201175 just trying to figure out which steps
+huE7nEErYb0-00871-00201176-00201399 should i show you so in this particular
+huE7nEErYb0-00872-00201400-00201599 case you'll have this
+huE7nEErYb0-00873-00201600-00201807 r group on here and you'll have the
+huE7nEErYb0-00874-00201808-00202038 amine and so now you're set up to do an
+huE7nEErYb0-00875-00202039-00202207 elimination reaction
+huE7nEErYb0-00876-00202208-00202383 this is going to be an e1cb type
+huE7nEErYb0-00877-00202384-00202543 elimination you're going to end up
+huE7nEErYb0-00878-00202544-00202687 protonating this under the slightly
+huE7nEErYb0-00879-00202688-00202926 acidic conditions of the reaction
+huE7nEErYb0-00880-00202927-00203078 let me draw this intermediate out
+huE7nEErYb0-00881-00203079-00203319 otherwise i'll just be talking
+huE7nEErYb0-00882-00203320-00203550 in total abstraction so you can't claim
+huE7nEErYb0-00883-00203551-00203726 that it's hard to form an enol because
+huE7nEErYb0-00884-00203727-00203878 we started off our mechanism with an
+huE7nEErYb0-00885-00203879-00203966 enol
+huE7nEErYb0-00886-00203967-00204111 so we're going to have this nucleophilic
+huE7nEErYb0-00887-00204112-00204326 enol and we said that the conditions are
+huE7nEErYb0-00888-00204327-00204550 slightly acidic
+huE7nEErYb0-00889-00204551-00204766 so it makes total sense that we're going
+huE7nEErYb0-00890-00204767-00205006 to have some of this pipperidinium
+huE7nEErYb0-00891-00205007-00205286 group on there and so this nucleophilic
+huE7nEErYb0-00892-00205287-00205319 pi
+huE7nEErYb0-00893-00205319-00205614 system here this enol will simply push
+huE7nEErYb0-00894-00205615-00205734 out the leaving group
+huE7nEErYb0-00895-00205735-00205927 and that's what leads to the final enone
+huE7nEErYb0-00896-00205928-00206046 in this product
+huE7nEErYb0-00897-00206048-00206279 so all of these steps are faster the
+huE7nEErYb0-00898-00206280-00206462 simple mechanism that you might think of
+huE7nEErYb0-00899-00206463-00206646 would be to deprotonate this and make an
+huE7nEErYb0-00900-00206648-00206727 enolate
+huE7nEErYb0-00901-00206728-00206951 and have the enolate add to the aldehyde
+huE7nEErYb0-00902-00206952-00207110 and it wasn't until people studied the
+huE7nEErYb0-00903-00207111-00207246 mechanism of this that they realized
+huE7nEErYb0-00904-00207248-00207494 these are all going through iminium ions
+huE7nEErYb0-00905-00207496-00207686 this isn't the power of aminium ion
+huE7nEErYb0-00906-00207687-00207886 chemistry
+huE7nEErYb0-00907-00207887-00208079 okay very powerful stuff it dates back
+huE7nEErYb0-00908-00208080-00208494 these date back to the 1940s and 1950s
+huE7nEErYb0-00909-00208496-00208694 these react the nova nagle reaction it's
+huE7nEErYb0-00910-00208696-00208798 a very powerful and
+huE7nEErYb0-00911-00208800-00209223 general cc bond forming reaction
+huE7nEErYb0-00912-00209223-00209390 and there's tremendous insight in this
+huE7nEErYb0-00913-00209391-00209662 idea that iminium ions are way
+huE7nEErYb0-00914-00209663-00209991 more reactive than ketones
+huE7nEErYb0-00915-00209992-00210367 or aldehydes amminium ions are react
+huE7nEErYb0-00916-00210367-00211694 more reactive than carbonyls
+huE7nEErYb0-00917-00211696-00212158 so let me uh so let me just sort of
+huE7nEErYb0-00918-00212159-00212375 be clear about what's going on here if
+huE7nEErYb0-00919-00212376-00212519 you look at the relative molecular
+huE7nEErYb0-00920-00212519-00212615 orbitals
+huE7nEErYb0-00921-00212616-00213055 energies for pi stars for a carbonyl
+huE7nEErYb0-00922-00213056-00213510 a pi star for an iminium ion is lower
+huE7nEErYb0-00923-00213511-00213751 so nitrogen is not as electronegative as
+huE7nEErYb0-00924-00213752-00213815 oxygen
+huE7nEErYb0-00925-00213816-00213982 but when it's a positively charged
+huE7nEErYb0-00926-00213983-00214271 nitrogen
+huE7nEErYb0-00927-00214271-00214446 then that orbital is even lower in
+huE7nEErYb0-00928-00214448-00214591 energy
+huE7nEErYb0-00929-00214592-00214846 it's um that's that's what's making that
+huE7nEErYb0-00930-00214848-00215023 work
+huE7nEErYb0-00931-00215023-00215463 so
+huE7nEErYb0-00932-00215464-00215823 this stuff was sitting in the literature
+huE7nEErYb0-00933-00215823-00216175 for 50 years until dave mcmillan
+huE7nEErYb0-00934-00216176-00216342 realized well gee maybe i can use that
+huE7nEErYb0-00935-00216344-00216582 for other reactions
+huE7nEErYb0-00936-00216583-00216823 so if you take chem 202 we'll talk about
+huE7nEErYb0-00937-00216823-00216967 paracyclic reactions like the
+huE7nEErYb0-00938-00216967-00217103 diels-alder reaction
+huE7nEErYb0-00939-00217104-00217231 and one of the first things that you
+huE7nEErYb0-00940-00217232-00217423 learn about the diels-alder reaction
+huE7nEErYb0-00941-00217423-00217567 is they work better when there's a
+huE7nEErYb0-00942-00217567-00217806 carbonyl on the dienophile
+huE7nEErYb0-00943-00217807-00217967 and the reason why carbonyls make this
+huE7nEErYb0-00944-00217967-00218223 faster is because it lowers the lumo
+huE7nEErYb0-00945-00218223-00218591 energy for the en for this double bond
+huE7nEErYb0-00946-00218592-00218710 in other words the way to think about a
+huE7nEErYb0-00947-00218711-00218871 diels-alder reaction is you think about
+huE7nEErYb0-00948-00218871-00219063 the diene as the nucleophile
+huE7nEErYb0-00949-00219064-00219391 attacking um the
+huE7nEErYb0-00950-00219392-00219551 sorry as the dying attacking the
+huE7nEErYb0-00951-00219552-00219727 dienophile so
+huE7nEErYb0-00952-00219728-00219998 if you take this reaction which may not
+huE7nEErYb0-00953-00220000-00220215 be particularly fast
+huE7nEErYb0-00954-00220216-00220582 and you add a secondary amine to this
+huE7nEErYb0-00955-00220583-00220823 so i'll just write catalytic and
+huE7nEErYb0-00956-00220823-00221231 importantly if it's a chiral amine
+huE7nEErYb0-00957-00221232-00221439 there will be this fast equilibrium
+huE7nEErYb0-00958-00221440-00221551 formation of a
+huE7nEErYb0-00959-00221552-00222406 small amount
+huE7nEErYb0-00960-00222407-00223023 of this chiral iminium ion
+huE7nEErYb0-00961-00223023-00223223 and that is now more reactive in diel's
+huE7nEErYb0-00962-00223223-00223358 alder reactions
+huE7nEErYb0-00963-00223359-00223615 or in nucleophilic addition reactions
+huE7nEErYb0-00964-00223616-00223815 it's now more reactive than the starting
+huE7nEErYb0-00965-00223816-00223951 cinema aldehyde
+huE7nEErYb0-00966-00223952-00224175 starting material so nucleophiles like
+huE7nEErYb0-00967-00224176-00224367 the dyeing will attack that faster
+huE7nEErYb0-00968-00224367-00224494 and of course this now acts as a
+huE7nEErYb0-00969-00224496-00224655 nucleophile and comes back in and adds
+huE7nEErYb0-00970-00224656-00224742 and that's
+huE7nEErYb0-00971-00224744-00224967 the mechanism for a paracyclic diels
+huE7nEErYb0-00972-00224967-00225158 alder reaction four plus two
+huE7nEErYb0-00973-00225159-00225327 and if this was chiral you can imagine
+huE7nEErYb0-00974-00225328-00225606 it will influence which face of this of
+huE7nEErYb0-00975-00225607-00225806 this dienophile that you add to
+huE7nEErYb0-00976-00225807-00226134 and that controls the stereochemistry
+huE7nEErYb0-00977-00226135-00226358 you couldn't have known you couldn't
+huE7nEErYb0-00978-00226359-00226463 have guessed
+huE7nEErYb0-00979-00226464-00226671 that this equilibrium would be so fast
+huE7nEErYb0-00980-00226671-00226767 this is why
+huE7nEErYb0-00981-00226767-00226910 why dave mcmillan had to run the
+huE7nEErYb0-00982-00226911-00227071 experiment he was a graduate student in
+huE7nEErYb0-00983-00227071-00227151 our apartment
+huE7nEErYb0-00984-00227152-00227319 that's why he had to run the experiment
+huE7nEErYb0-00985-00227319-00227455 to see is this
+huE7nEErYb0-00986-00227456-00227719 faster than the is the iminium ion
+huE7nEErYb0-00987-00227719-00227782 faster
+huE7nEErYb0-00988-00227783-00228031 than the simple diels alder reaction and
+huE7nEErYb0-00989-00228032-00228158 so in this case it turns out to be
+huE7nEErYb0-00990-00228159-00228446 faster so the initial product um
+huE7nEErYb0-00991-00228448-00228831 has this iminium ion still on there
+huE7nEErYb0-00992-00228832-00229279 a minimum ion formation is is reversible
+huE7nEErYb0-00993-00229280-00229534 so let me draw the uh the double bond
+huE7nEErYb0-00994-00229535-00229727 down here
+huE7nEErYb0-00995-00229728-00229991 on this norborne ring system and so
+huE7nEErYb0-00996-00229992-00230167 iminium ion formation is fast and
+huE7nEErYb0-00997-00230167-00230294 reversible
+huE7nEErYb0-00998-00230296-00230534 and so you very quickly hydrolyze this
+huE7nEErYb0-00999-00230535-00230687 and so ultimately what you get out of
+huE7nEErYb0-01000-00230688-00230839 the reaction at the end is not the
+huE7nEErYb0-01001-00230840-00231031 iminium ion
+huE7nEErYb0-01002-00231032-00231246 it's the aldehyde you can't even tell
+huE7nEErYb0-01003-00231248-00231431 there was ever an iminium ion in this
+huE7nEErYb0-01004-00231432-00231558 reaction mixture
+huE7nEErYb0-01005-00231559-00231734 you're only adding a catalytic amount of
+huE7nEErYb0-01006-00231735-00231942 the amine so
+huE7nEErYb0-01007-00231944-00232127 this is fast this hydraulic this
+huE7nEErYb0-01008-00232128-00232279 formation of
+huE7nEErYb0-01009-00232280-00232471 of amminium ions and the hydrolysis of
+huE7nEErYb0-01010-00232471-00232615 iminium ion
+huE7nEErYb0-01011-00232616-00232863 is fast under many many different types
+huE7nEErYb0-01012-00232864-00233031 of reaction conditions
+huE7nEErYb0-01013-00233032-00233406 so so anytime you want to make some sort
+huE7nEErYb0-01014-00233407-00233623 of a carbonyl group
+huE7nEErYb0-01015-00233623-00233951 or an enone more reactive you can simply
+huE7nEErYb0-01016-00233952-00234142 throw in a catalytic secondary amine
+huE7nEErYb0-01017-00234144-00234342 and and it will work best if the
+huE7nEErYb0-01018-00234344-00234487 conditions are
+huE7nEErYb0-01019-00234488-00234694 not really basic but slightly acidic
+huE7nEErYb0-01020-00234696-00234934 you'll get the fastest rates for
+huE7nEErYb0-01021-00234935-00235279 iminium ion formation okay so that's the
+huE7nEErYb0-01022-00235280-00235487 whole field of organocatalysis
+huE7nEErYb0-01023-00235488-00235703 was that one simple insight that iminium
+huE7nEErYb0-01024-00235704-00235919 ions are more reactive than
+huE7nEErYb0-01025-00235919-00236239 um than carbonyls okay so the last
+huE7nEErYb0-01026-00236240-00236367 thing we're going to talk about is
+huE7nEErYb0-01027-00236367-00236542 conjugate addition reactions in other
+huE7nEErYb0-01028-00236544-00236751 words when you have an enone like this
+huE7nEErYb0-01029-00236752-00236903 you can imagine nucleophiles adding
+huE7nEErYb0-01030-00236904-00237071 either to the carbonyl
+huE7nEErYb0-01031-00237071-00237263 or adding to this beta carbon right here
+huE7nEErYb0-01032-00237264-00237423 not alpha but beta
+huE7nEErYb0-01033-00237423-00237646 and so let's talk about that in order to
+huE7nEErYb0-01034-00237648-00237823 set us up to understand the the
+huE7nEErYb0-01035-00237823-00237951 distribution
+huE7nEErYb0-01036-00237952-00238119 of products the regioselectivity in
+huE7nEErYb0-01037-00238119-00238294 these reactions there's a
+huE7nEErYb0-01038-00238296-00238471 couple of pieces of information that we
+huE7nEErYb0-01039-00238471-00238631 have to put together
+huE7nEErYb0-01040-00238632-00239103 so that makes sense
+huE7nEErYb0-01041-00239104-00239446 and so i want to talk about first i want
+huE7nEErYb0-01042-00239448-00239615 to talk about the effects of conjugation
+huE7nEErYb0-01043-00239616-00239719 on reactivity
+huE7nEErYb0-01044-00239719-00239871 to remind you of something we said
+huE7nEErYb0-01045-00239871-00240142 already and then i want to talk about
+huE7nEErYb0-01046-00240144-00240215 the effects of
+huE7nEErYb0-01047-00240216-00240391 substituting carbon atoms with more
+huE7nEErYb0-01048-00240392-00242223 electronegative atoms
+huE7nEErYb0-01049-00242223-00242375 let me go and remind you of the effect
+huE7nEErYb0-01050-00242376-00242551 of conjugation i'm going to draw
+huE7nEErYb0-01051-00242552-00242958 uh some sort of uh mo diagram where i
+huE7nEErYb0-01052-00242959-00243119 want to compare
+huE7nEErYb0-01053-00243119-00243391 the um the react the energies of the
+huE7nEErYb0-01054-00243392-00243567 homos and lumos and i'm going to start
+huE7nEErYb0-01055-00243567-00243694 off with ethylene
+huE7nEErYb0-01056-00243696-00243894 so here's the pi orbital for ethylene
+huE7nEErYb0-01057-00243896-00243998 it's down here
+huE7nEErYb0-01058-00244000-00244351 not very nucleophilic here's pi star
+huE7nEErYb0-01059-00244352-00244527 it's not very electrophilic it's not
+huE7nEErYb0-01060-00244528-00244734 very easy if you throw in
+huE7nEErYb0-01061-00244735-00244894 if you throw in an amine it doesn't just
+huE7nEErYb0-01062-00244896-00245239 attack ethylene it's not a fast reaction
+huE7nEErYb0-01063-00245240-00245446 if you wanted to add hbr across this
+huE7nEErYb0-01064-00245448-00245623 that's not a very reactive alkene
+huE7nEErYb0-01065-00245623-00245958 unfortunately but if i take a diene
+huE7nEErYb0-01066-00245959-00246215 if i add conjugation to this and it
+huE7nEErYb0-01067-00246216-00246398 doesn't matter that it's another double
+huE7nEErYb0-01068-00246400-00246687 just simple olefin it could be a benzene
+huE7nEErYb0-01069-00246688-00246839 ring that i attach on there
+huE7nEErYb0-01070-00246840-00247223 same idea if i add conjugation to this
+huE7nEErYb0-01071-00247223-00247375 what it does is it soups up the
+huE7nEErYb0-01072-00247376-00247646 reactivity of this is a nucleophile
+huE7nEErYb0-01073-00247648-00247871 so pi now gets higher in energy and it
+huE7nEErYb0-01074-00247871-00248063 makes it easier for nucleophiles to add
+huE7nEErYb0-01075-00248064-00248175 back to this so it's a better
+huE7nEErYb0-01076-00248176-00248358 electrophile
+huE7nEErYb0-01077-00248359-00248663 so pi gets higher pi star gets lower
+huE7nEErYb0-01078-00248664-00248871 that's the effect of conjugation the
+huE7nEErYb0-01079-00248871-00249046 more conjugation you have
+huE7nEErYb0-01080-00249048-00249191 let me just draw some sort of central
+huE7nEErYb0-01081-00249192-00249503 line here the more i see the homo raised
+huE7nEErYb0-01082-00249504-00250182 and the more i see the lumo raised
+huE7nEErYb0-01083-00250183-00250334 add infinite so we've already talked
+huE7nEErYb0-01084-00250335-00250503 about that
+huE7nEErYb0-01085-00250504-00250663 and of course if you go out to make this
+huE7nEErYb0-01086-00250664-00250879 an infinitely long that's molecular
+huE7nEErYb0-01087-00250880-00251127 wires that was the 2000 nobel prize
+huE7nEErYb0-01088-00251128-00251519 so somebody just extrapolated that to
+huE7nEErYb0-01089-00251519-00251679 very long lengths and realized they
+huE7nEErYb0-01090-00251680-00251863 could make molecular wires out of that
+huE7nEErYb0-01091-00251864-00252030 so that's one piece of information i
+huE7nEErYb0-01092-00252031-00252167 expect you to know
+huE7nEErYb0-01093-00252167-00252519 okay so let's talk about a second effect
+huE7nEErYb0-01094-00252519-00252734 it's the idea of replacement so if i
+huE7nEErYb0-01095-00252735-00252998 take a diene like this and i draw out
+huE7nEErYb0-01096-00253000-00253430 these orbitals for pi and pi star
+huE7nEErYb0-01097-00253431-00253679 for this dine what would happen if i
+huE7nEErYb0-01098-00253680-00253982 replaced this carbon atom
+huE7nEErYb0-01099-00253983-00254351 i'll write replace with oxygen
+huE7nEErYb0-01100-00254352-00254758 with not without but with with o
+huE7nEErYb0-01101-00254759-00254910 if i replace that carbon atom with
+huE7nEErYb0-01102-00254911-00255158 oxygen and i look at the energy of this
+huE7nEErYb0-01103-00255159-00255319 of this pi orbital and i look at the
+huE7nEErYb0-01104-00255319-00255527 energy of pi star
+huE7nEErYb0-01105-00255528-00255694 the effect of replacing carbon with a
+huE7nEErYb0-01106-00255696-00255846 more electronegative atom
+huE7nEErYb0-01107-00255848-00256167 is that both of these should now drop pi
+huE7nEErYb0-01108-00256167-00256327 should drop pi star should drop
+huE7nEErYb0-01109-00256328-00256487 everything should drop sigma
+huE7nEErYb0-01110-00256488-00256687 any sigma bond that involves that oxygen
+huE7nEErYb0-01111-00256688-00256863 so now drop in energy
+huE7nEErYb0-01112-00256864-00257030 so that's the effect of replacement so
+huE7nEErYb0-01113-00257031-00257175 if i draw out
+huE7nEErYb0-01114-00257176-00257446 the energies of an enone versus a diene
+huE7nEErYb0-01115-00257448-00257598 what i expect is that both of these
+huE7nEErYb0-01116-00257600-00258094 should now be lower in energy
+huE7nEErYb0-01117-00258096-00258358 and you kind of knew that you kind of
+huE7nEErYb0-01118-00258359-00258542 knew that this enone would be less
+huE7nEErYb0-01119-00258544-00258791 nucleophilic than a diene
+huE7nEErYb0-01120-00258792-00258982 you kind of knew that you kind of knew
+huE7nEErYb0-01121-00258983-00259151 that ketone pi bonds aren't as
+huE7nEErYb0-01122-00259152-00259294 nucleophilic as cc
+huE7nEErYb0-01123-00259296-00259623 pi bonds you knew that already
+huE7nEErYb0-01124-00259623-00259830 you kind of knew that it's faster to add
+huE7nEErYb0-01125-00259831-00260006 to carbonyls than it is to add
+huE7nEErYb0-01126-00260007-00260134 to buy bonds so you already knew this
+huE7nEErYb0-01127-00260135-00260398 was lower so you knew this stuff already
+huE7nEErYb0-01128-00260400-00260582 okay so that i think i expect you to
+huE7nEErYb0-01129-00260583-00261255 know
+huE7nEErYb0-01130-00261256-00261558 here's what you couldn't know is the
+huE7nEErYb0-01131-00261559-00261623 shape
+huE7nEErYb0-01132-00261623-00261887 of pi star in a dying so i'm going to
+huE7nEErYb0-01133-00261888-00263951 have to tell you that
+huE7nEErYb0-01134-00263952-00264167 so i want you to try to think about what
+huE7nEErYb0-01135-00264168-00264534 pi and pi star should look like
+huE7nEErYb0-01136-00264535-00264695 for a simple dine and i'm going to draw
+huE7nEErYb0-01137-00264696-00265087 a simple dime like this
+huE7nEErYb0-01138-00265088-00265399 and in order to make pi and pi star
+huE7nEErYb0-01139-00265400-00265567 what you have to imagine is mixing some
+huE7nEErYb0-01140-00265568-00265734 p orbitals together so i want you to
+huE7nEErYb0-01141-00265735-00265847 imagine looking at some p
+huE7nEErYb0-01142-00265848-00266095 orbitals top down all you can see is the
+huE7nEErYb0-01143-00266096-00266303 tops of these p orbitals
+huE7nEErYb0-01144-00266304-00266519 and i'm going to start by drawing these
+huE7nEErYb0-01145-00266520-00266671 p orbitals and then we'll draw in some
+huE7nEErYb0-01146-00266672-00266806 phasing here
+huE7nEErYb0-01147-00266807-00266943 and so what i'm interested in is the
+huE7nEErYb0-01148-00266944-00267199 lumo if i were to attack a diene
+huE7nEErYb0-01149-00267200-00267430 if i were to add a nucleophile to a dine
+huE7nEErYb0-01150-00267431-00267591 what would i expect for the regio
+huE7nEErYb0-01151-00267592-00268263 selectivity
+huE7nEErYb0-01152-00268264-00268551 it turns out that this is the shape the
+huE7nEErYb0-01153-00268552-00268882 rough shape
+huE7nEErYb0-01154-00268883-00269110 of
+huE7nEErYb0-01155-00269111-00269503 of the lumo for a diene
+huE7nEErYb0-01156-00269504-00269655 these carbon atoms on the ends
+huE7nEErYb0-01157-00269656-00269879 contribute more p orbital character
+huE7nEErYb0-01158-00269880-00270175 to pi star so pi star the lumo in this
+huE7nEErYb0-01159-00270176-00270310 case
+huE7nEErYb0-01160-00270311-00270543 than the two inner carbons do you could
+huE7nEErYb0-01161-00270544-00270775 not have known that
+huE7nEErYb0-01162-00270776-00270958 now let me show you how you kind of knew
+huE7nEErYb0-01163-00270959-00271087 this but you didn't know it
+huE7nEErYb0-01164-00271088-00271343 so if you take a nucleophile and you add
+huE7nEErYb0-01165-00271344-00271423 it
+huE7nEErYb0-01166-00271424-00271910 to butadiene where would you add
+huE7nEErYb0-01167-00271911-00272239 where would you prefer to add
+huE7nEErYb0-01168-00272240-00272415 you already knew that you prefer to add
+huE7nEErYb0-01169-00272416-00272567 to the end and maybe you made up some
+huE7nEErYb0-01170-00272568-00272719 ridiculous argument that
+huE7nEErYb0-01171-00272720-00273030 oh i want to generate a
+huE7nEErYb0-01172-00273031-00273263 a resonance stabilized carbanion like
+huE7nEErYb0-01173-00273264-00273582 that's not why you add to the ends
+huE7nEErYb0-01174-00273583-00273743 it's not because of sterics the reason
+huE7nEErYb0-01175-00273744-00273919 why it's faster to add to the ends of a
+huE7nEErYb0-01176-00273920-00274030 dine is because
+huE7nEErYb0-01177-00274031-00274279 the lumo is bigger there if i have a
+huE7nEErYb0-01178-00274280-00274406 filled orbital i'm trying to figure out
+huE7nEErYb0-01179-00274407-00274599 where can i overlap with
+huE7nEErYb0-01180-00274600-00274775 you're going to overlap better with the
+huE7nEErYb0-01181-00274776-00274943 ends the carbons at the ends that's why
+huE7nEErYb0-01182-00274944-00275239 nucleophiles attack
+huE7nEErYb0-01183-00275240-00275551 dienes at the end so you need to just
+huE7nEErYb0-01184-00275552-00275719 remember this if you do a five second
+huE7nEErYb0-01185-00275720-00275967 calculate five microsecond calculation
+huE7nEErYb0-01186-00275968-00275999 it will
+huE7nEErYb0-01187-00276000-00276519 show you that the that the the pi star
+huE7nEErYb0-01188-00276520-00276775 is bigger on the ends okay so now let's
+huE7nEErYb0-01189-00276776-00276855 try to map
+huE7nEErYb0-01190-00276856-00277143 this picture on top of this picture that
+huE7nEErYb0-01191-00277144-00277343 i showed you over here for pi star for
+huE7nEErYb0-01192-00277344-00277527 an e note
+huE7nEErYb0-01193-00277528-00277671 let's go ahead and try to combine those
+huE7nEErYb0-01194-00277672-00277895 two effects together
+huE7nEErYb0-01195-00277896-00278039 so what i want to try to do is i want to
+huE7nEErYb0-01196-00278040-00278215 try to draw an edge on depiction and i
+huE7nEErYb0-01197-00278216-00278399 feel like i'm going to need a new
+huE7nEErYb0-01198-00278400-00278575 a new board for this i want to try to
+huE7nEErYb0-01199-00278576-00278710 depict an enone
+huE7nEErYb0-01200-00278711-00278943 taking this this sort of orbital thing
+huE7nEErYb0-01201-00278944-00279039 into account
+huE7nEErYb0-01202-00279040-00279255 i want to try to draw a pi star not for
+huE7nEErYb0-01203-00279256-00279399 a diene
+huE7nEErYb0-01204-00279400-00280487 but for an enone
+huE7nEErYb0-01205-00280488-00280647 so if i'm a nucleophile and i want to
+huE7nEErYb0-01206-00280648-00280799 attack an eno let me draw this
+huE7nEErYb0-01207-00280800-00281079 this enone edge on here i'm trying to
+huE7nEErYb0-01208-00281080-00281230 draw looking sort of
+huE7nEErYb0-01209-00281231-00281382 at the side of that for the edge because
+huE7nEErYb0-01210-00281383-00281599 i want to see the p orbitals now and
+huE7nEErYb0-01211-00281600-00281879 remember what i told you i told you
+huE7nEErYb0-01212-00281880-00282191 that the orbitals are bigger on the ends
+huE7nEErYb0-01213-00282192-00282615 for a diene
+huE7nEErYb0-01214-00282616-00282743 and i don't feel like i'm doing this
+huE7nEErYb0-01215-00282744-00282967 justice here what i'm going to do is i'm
+huE7nEErYb0-01216-00282968-00282999 going to
+huE7nEErYb0-01217-00283000-00283151 give you some numbers called
+huE7nEErYb0-01218-00283152-00283399 coefficients that will more accurately
+huE7nEErYb0-01219-00283400-00283767 express the sizes of these so
+huE7nEErYb0-01220-00283768-00283958 in other words how much p character got
+huE7nEErYb0-01221-00283959-00284191 mixed in was it a full p orbital that
+huE7nEErYb0-01222-00284192-00284319 got mixed in to make
+huE7nEErYb0-01223-00284320-00284543 pi star here each one of these atoms
+huE7nEErYb0-01224-00284544-00284647 contributed some p
+huE7nEErYb0-01225-00284648-00284871 character this carbon atom contributed
+huE7nEErYb0-01226-00284872-00285023 some of the p orbital
+huE7nEErYb0-01227-00285024-00285295 uh to make this this pi star orbital
+huE7nEErYb0-01228-00285296-00285479 this carbon atom contributed some p
+huE7nEErYb0-01229-00285480-00285687 orbital but how much did they contribute
+huE7nEErYb0-01230-00285688-00285879 they don't all contribute equally
+huE7nEErYb0-01231-00285880-00285999 and so what we do is we look at the
+huE7nEErYb0-01232-00286000-00287039 coefficients tell you how big these are
+huE7nEErYb0-01233-00287040-00287271 this comes from linear combinations of
+huE7nEErYb0-01234-00287272-00287479 atomic orbitals lcao theory you might
+huE7nEErYb0-01235-00287480-00287599 have remembered that from
+huE7nEErYb0-01236-00287600-00287839 sophomore organic or sorry from uh from
+huE7nEErYb0-01237-00287840-00287919 p chem
+huE7nEErYb0-01238-00287920-00288119 so if i draw out the the coefficients
+huE7nEErYb0-01239-00288120-00288427 for this um here's the coefficients
+huE7nEErYb0-01240-00288428-00288719 0.62 for the carbon at the end here
+huE7nEErYb0-01241-00288720-00288919 and it's plus so let me just arbitrarily
+huE7nEErYb0-01242-00288920-00289239 put phasing on here
+huE7nEErYb0-01243-00289240-00289399 and then i look at the coefficient for
+huE7nEErYb0-01244-00289400-00289615 this orbital here and it's
+huE7nEErYb0-01245-00289616-00289910 minus 0.43 minus means i phase at the
+huE7nEErYb0-01246-00289911-00290054 opposite direction
+huE7nEErYb0-01247-00290055-00290191 and then i look at this one over here
+huE7nEErYb0-01248-00290192-00290415 it's minus .53
+huE7nEErYb0-01249-00290416-00290734 is the coefficient size and then i look
+huE7nEErYb0-01250-00290735-00290871 over here and it's
+huE7nEErYb0-01251-00290872-00291282 plus 0.60 so i phase that the opposite
+huE7nEErYb0-01252-00291283-00291454 direction so in other words a
+huE7nEErYb0-01253-00291455-00291630 nucleophile that comes in
+huE7nEErYb0-01254-00291631-00291806 doesn't want to come in from this side
+huE7nEErYb0-01255-00291807-00292006 because it doesn't want to have
+huE7nEErYb0-01256-00292007-00292254 a destructive interaction with this
+huE7nEErYb0-01257-00292255-00292391 you'll come in from the bergy dunn's
+huE7nEErYb0-01258-00292392-00292527 angle over here
+huE7nEErYb0-01259-00292528-00292903 so i've got a clear picture here for
+huE7nEErYb0-01260-00292904-00293182 compounds that have nucleophiles that
+huE7nEErYb0-01261-00293183-00293423 have big occupied orbitals nucleophilic
+huE7nEErYb0-01262-00293424-00293487 orbitals
+huE7nEErYb0-01263-00293488-00293647 will tend to want to come in either on
+huE7nEErYb0-01264-00293648-00293887 the carbon or on the oxygen
+huE7nEErYb0-01265-00293888-00294175 that's what this picture is telling me
+huE7nEErYb0-01266-00294176-00294199 if
+huE7nEErYb0-01267-00294200-00294406 charge was irrelevant if coulomic
+huE7nEErYb0-01268-00294407-00294687 interactions were totally irrelevant
+huE7nEErYb0-01269-00294688-00294887 it might be almost equally probable to
+huE7nEErYb0-01270-00294888-00295047 add to the carbon or the oxygen
+huE7nEErYb0-01271-00295048-00295439 but coulomic interactions are relevant
+huE7nEErYb0-01272-00295440-00295839 they're relevant you no nucleophile all
+huE7nEErYb0-01273-00295840-00295982 new good nucleophiles have partial
+huE7nEErYb0-01274-00295983-00296063 negative charge
+huE7nEErYb0-01275-00296064-00296303 they would never want to add on oxygen
+huE7nEErYb0-01276-00296304-00296463 so if you pay attention to colombic
+huE7nEErYb0-01277-00296464-00296623 interactions they'll tell you carbon
+huE7nEErYb0-01278-00296624-00296975 well sorry if you pay attention to to um
+huE7nEErYb0-01279-00296976-00297191 where pi star is big you would predict
+huE7nEErYb0-01280-00297192-00297287 either end
+huE7nEErYb0-01281-00297288-00297567 but if you pay attention to a charge
+huE7nEErYb0-01282-00297568-00297830 then there's partial positive here
+huE7nEErYb0-01283-00297831-00298087 and partial negative here and we'll see
+huE7nEErYb0-01284-00298088-00298615 how much in just a second
+huE7nEErYb0-01285-00298616-00298782 so this simple picture of a dying
+huE7nEErYb0-01286-00298783-00298943 predicts that you'll react at either end
+huE7nEErYb0-01287-00298944-00299063 of an enone
+huE7nEErYb0-01288-00299064-00299206 but when you think about charge it
+huE7nEErYb0-01289-00299207-00299367 doesn't predict that
+huE7nEErYb0-01290-00299368-00299503 let's take a look at what charge
+huE7nEErYb0-01291-00299504-00299727 predicts for an eno and this comes from
+huE7nEErYb0-01292-00299728-00300095 calculation
+huE7nEErYb0-01293-00300096-00300351 so the the lumo picture tells us one
+huE7nEErYb0-01294-00300352-00300503 thing
+huE7nEErYb0-01295-00300504-00300751 if i look at at the charges from
+huE7nEErYb0-01296-00300752-00301095 calculations
+huE7nEErYb0-01297-00301096-00301271 i'll draw two resonance structures for
+huE7nEErYb0-01298-00301272-00301430 an enone
+huE7nEErYb0-01299-00301431-00301599 so here's one resonance structure for an
+huE7nEErYb0-01300-00301600-00301854 enone where i draw this charge separated
+huE7nEErYb0-01301-00301855-00301967 resonance structure
+huE7nEErYb0-01302-00301968-00302158 and this reminds me yeah nucleophiles
+huE7nEErYb0-01303-00302159-00302343 want to attack carbonyls you knew that
+huE7nEErYb0-01304-00302344-00302415 already
+huE7nEErYb0-01305-00302416-00302558 let me draw another resonance structure
+huE7nEErYb0-01306-00302559-00302758 i could swing this double bond over
+huE7nEErYb0-01307-00302759-00303087 and draw it like this
+huE7nEErYb0-01308-00303088-00303271 this is a different charge separated
+huE7nEErYb0-01309-00303272-00303415 structure
+huE7nEErYb0-01310-00303416-00303599 and both of those resonance structures
+huE7nEErYb0-01311-00303600-00303727 are important that the resonance
+huE7nEErYb0-01312-00303728-00303847 structures predict
+huE7nEErYb0-01313-00303848-00303999 that there will be partial positive
+huE7nEErYb0-01314-00304000-00304191 charge at the carbonyl carbon
+huE7nEErYb0-01315-00304192-00304430 and partial positive charge let me label
+huE7nEErYb0-01316-00304431-00304623 these this is the alpha carbon
+huE7nEErYb0-01317-00304624-00304943 and this is the beta carbon alpha carbon
+huE7nEErYb0-01318-00304944-00305295 beta carbon whoops alpha
+huE7nEErYb0-01319-00305296-00305495 alpha carbon beta carbon there will be
+huE7nEErYb0-01320-00305496-00305695 partial positive charge
+huE7nEErYb0-01321-00305696-00305943 at the beta carbon but how much charge
+huE7nEErYb0-01322-00305944-00306134 it turns out from calculations you can
+huE7nEErYb0-01323-00306135-00306199 tell
+huE7nEErYb0-01324-00306200-00306599 that the relative charges are 1.25 at
+huE7nEErYb0-01325-00306600-00306734 the carbonyl
+huE7nEErYb0-01326-00306735-00307199 and only 0.21 at the beta position
+huE7nEErYb0-01327-00307200-00307399 there's much less partial positive
+huE7nEErYb0-01328-00307400-00307639 charge at the beta position
+huE7nEErYb0-01329-00307640-00307815 if you're a nucleophile that has lots of
+huE7nEErYb0-01330-00307816-00308103 negative charge
+huE7nEErYb0-01331-00308104-00308223 you're going to tend to want to attack
+huE7nEErYb0-01332-00308224-00308430 at the carbonyl
+huE7nEErYb0-01333-00308431-00308591 if you're a nucleophile that has a very
+huE7nEErYb0-01334-00308592-00308782 nucleophilic homo and you're looking for
+huE7nEErYb0-01335-00308783-00309103 good overlap
+huE7nEErYb0-01336-00309104-00309247 you're not going to want to attack here
+huE7nEErYb0-01337-00309248-00309423 you're going to want to attack there
+huE7nEErYb0-01338-00309424-00309671 our expectation is that highly charged
+huE7nEErYb0-01339-00309672-00309879 anionic nucleophiles will tend to attack
+huE7nEErYb0-01340-00309880-00310015 here
+huE7nEErYb0-01341-00310016-00310167 whereas nucleophiles that have big
+huE7nEErYb0-01342-00310168-00310343 orbitals filled orbitals will tend to
+huE7nEErYb0-01343-00310344-00310479 attack there
+huE7nEErYb0-01344-00310480-00310639 and this explains the differences in
+huE7nEErYb0-01345-00310640-00310919 reactivity yeah
+huE7nEErYb0-01346-00310920-00311167 that's it's related to hard it's related
+huE7nEErYb0-01347-00311168-00311271 to hard soft
+huE7nEErYb0-01348-00311272-00311543 hard soft is just this this is parts but
+huE7nEErYb0-01349-00311544-00311823 i don't
+huE7nEErYb0-01350-00311824-00312271 um again hard soft doesn't
+huE7nEErYb0-01351-00312272-00312415 i i don't know how to interpret that in
+huE7nEErYb0-01352-00312416-00312575 terms of colombian interactions in
+huE7nEErYb0-01353-00312576-00312758 coulomb's equation
+huE7nEErYb0-01354-00312759-00312919 so that's why i break it down to
+huE7nEErYb0-01355-00312920-00313087 coulomb's law
+huE7nEErYb0-01356-00313088-00313295 okay so let's go ahead and draw some
+huE7nEErYb0-01357-00313296-00313463 just draw out these sort of conclusions
+huE7nEErYb0-01358-00313464-00313527 here
+huE7nEErYb0-01359-00313528-00313734 so if you want one two addition here
+huE7nEErYb0-01360-00313735-00313927 would be my champion nucleophiles for
+huE7nEErYb0-01361-00313928-00314087 one two addition
+huE7nEErYb0-01362-00314088-00314271 if i wanted to add one two at the
+huE7nEErYb0-01363-00314272-00314479 carbonyl so for example something like
+huE7nEErYb0-01364-00314480-00314679 this
+huE7nEErYb0-01365-00314680-00314871 if i did not want to add at the beta
+huE7nEErYb0-01366-00314872-00315039 carbon i would want to have something
+huE7nEErYb0-01367-00315040-00315206 that's supercharged
+huE7nEErYb0-01368-00315207-00315391 that has all has all the negative charge
+huE7nEErYb0-01369-00315392-00315639 concentrated in some little point
+huE7nEErYb0-01370-00315640-00315951 fluoride would be a perfect example
+huE7nEErYb0-01371-00315952-00316143 it's just like a naked little pinpoint
+huE7nEErYb0-01372-00316144-00316343 of negative charge
+huE7nEErYb0-01373-00316344-00316471 if you had fluoride you would expect
+huE7nEErYb0-01374-00316472-00316695 vastly faster rates of addition here
+huE7nEErYb0-01375-00316696-00316882 where the positive charge is closer to
+huE7nEErYb0-01376-00316883-00316999 1.25
+huE7nEErYb0-01377-00317000-00317247 i think i erased that then addition here
+huE7nEErYb0-01378-00317248-00317391 to the beta carbon
+huE7nEErYb0-01379-00317392-00317582 similarly if i take an alkoxide and put
+huE7nEErYb0-01380-00317583-00317767 a non-coordinating or poorly
+huE7nEErYb0-01381-00317768-00318006 coordinating counter ion there
+huE7nEErYb0-01382-00318007-00318230 i would also expect that very naked
+huE7nEErYb0-01383-00318231-00318463 alcohol and the more naked the better
+huE7nEErYb0-01384-00318464-00318791 lithium not so good cesium
+huE7nEErYb0-01385-00318792-00319206 naked alkoxide anion that'll go one two
+huE7nEErYb0-01386-00319207-00319406 so if you want to make things go one two
+huE7nEErYb0-01387-00319407-00319551 use things that have all the charge
+huE7nEErYb0-01388-00319552-00319734 concentrated in a single point
+huE7nEErYb0-01389-00319735-00319903 so that as this gets closer and closer
+huE7nEErYb0-01390-00319904-00320039 and closer to that partial positive
+huE7nEErYb0-01391-00320040-00320095 charge
+huE7nEErYb0-01392-00320096-00320247 coulomb's law predicts that that's going
+huE7nEErYb0-01393-00320248-00320447 to be an attractive interaction
+huE7nEErYb0-01394-00320448-00320799 now let's contrast that
+huE7nEErYb0-01395-00320800-00321015 so we call this one two addition because
+huE7nEErYb0-01396-00321016-00321191 we normally label these one two three
+huE7nEErYb0-01397-00321192-00321295 four so these are good
+huE7nEErYb0-01398-00321296-00321575 nucleophiles for one two addition if you
+huE7nEErYb0-01399-00321576-00321630 want
+huE7nEErYb0-01400-00321631-00321815 one for addition addition to the beta
+huE7nEErYb0-01401-00321816-00322071 carbon
+huE7nEErYb0-01402-00322072-00322775 here would be some great nucleophiles
+huE7nEErYb0-01403-00322776-00323127 an enolate and more importantly
+huE7nEErYb0-01404-00323128-00323358 a 1 3 dicarbonyl enolate where's the
+huE7nEErYb0-01405-00323359-00323543 negative charge in this case
+huE7nEErYb0-01406-00323544-00323734 well it's not on the nucleophilic carbon
+huE7nEErYb0-01407-00323735-00323967 it's way out here in these oxygens
+huE7nEErYb0-01408-00323968-00324247 so now when you have some sort of
+huE7nEErYb0-01409-00324248-00324415 electrophile in this case
+huE7nEErYb0-01410-00324416-00324551 since there's not a lot of negative
+huE7nEErYb0-01411-00324552-00324734 charge on that carbon let me not put a
+huE7nEErYb0-01412-00324735-00324830 circle in there
+huE7nEErYb0-01413-00324831-00324982 it turns out that you end up attacking
+huE7nEErYb0-01414-00324983-00325158 one four
+huE7nEErYb0-01415-00325159-00325447 if i took an enamine very little
+huE7nEErYb0-01416-00325448-00325599 negative charge on that nucleophilic
+huE7nEErYb0-01417-00325600-00325663 carbon
+huE7nEErYb0-01418-00325664-00325871 it turns out that that attacks one four
+huE7nEErYb0-01419-00325872-00326087 if i take a thiolate anion
+huE7nEErYb0-01420-00326088-00326334 which very big atom all that negative
+huE7nEErYb0-01421-00326335-00326471 charge is
+huE7nEErYb0-01422-00326472-00326671 spread all over the place it's not
+huE7nEErYb0-01423-00326672-00326958 concentrated in a little point
+huE7nEErYb0-01424-00326959-00327279 you end up with one four addition if you
+huE7nEErYb0-01425-00327280-00327439 take a phosphine
+huE7nEErYb0-01426-00327440-00327791 again a third row atom you expect vastly
+huE7nEErYb0-01427-00327792-00328030 faster rates for 1 4 addition over one
+huE7nEErYb0-01428-00328031-00328223 two
+huE7nEErYb0-01429-00328224-00328551 okay so charged super pinpoint charges
+huE7nEErYb0-01430-00328552-00328799 like to attack the carbonyl carbon um
+huE7nEErYb0-01431-00328800-00328951 things without a lot of negative charge
+huE7nEErYb0-01432-00328952-00329103 tend to attack out here
+huE7nEErYb0-01433-00329104-00329303 on the beta carbon okay i think we're
+huE7nEErYb0-01434-00329304-00329687 done with pi star for now
+huE7nEErYb0-01435-00329688-00329943 we've got problems on the problem set
+huE7nEErYb0-01436-00329944-00331127 and sorry i went over
+huE7nEErYb0-01437-00331128-00331335 you
+hx-U-w_TQS0-00000-00000012-00000041 [Music]
+hx-U-w_TQS0-00001-00000042-00000688 like like
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+hx-U-w_TQS0-00009-00006492-00007983 [Music]
+hx-U-w_TQS0-00011-00013531-00013980 so catch me if I fall back
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+hx-U-w_TQS0-00031-00043187-00044700 [Music]
+hx-U-w_TQS0-00032-00044701-00046549 [Music]
+hx-U-w_TQS0-00034-00049586-00049918 thank you
+hx-U-w_TQS0-00035-00049919-00050496 [Music]
+hx-U-w_TQS0-00036-00050497-00051219 [Applause]
+hx-U-w_TQS0-00038-00055704-00056226 [Music]
+hx-U-w_TQS0-00039-00056227-00056383 thank you
+hx-U-w_TQS0-00040-00056384-00057659 [Music]
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+hx-U-w_TQS0-00042-00057795-00059721 [Music]
+hx-U-w_TQS0-00044-00062816-00062979 thank you
+hx-U-w_TQS0-00045-00062980-00065430 [Music]
+hx-U-w_TQS0-00046-00065432-00065782 thank you
+hx-U-w_TQS0-00047-00065783-00065883 foreign
+hx-U-w_TQS0-00049-00069974-00070188 thank you
+hx-U-w_TQS0-00050-00070189-00072100 [Music]
+hx-U-w_TQS0-00051-00072101-00072130 foreign
+hx-U-w_TQS0-00052-00072131-00072870 [Music]
+hx-U-w_TQS0-00053-00072871-00073438 [Music]
+h_2laKjuapy-00000-00000024-00000238 this is which base news for friday the
+h_2laKjuapy-00001-00000239-00000526 1st of october 2021
+h_2laKjuapy-00002-00000527-00000714 i'm commander burr
+h_2laKjuapy-00003-00000715-00001470 [Music]
+h_2laKjuapy-00004-00001471-00001743 an elite dangerous news this week elite
+h_2laKjuapy-00005-00001744-00001998 dangerous horizons on consoles is
+h_2laKjuapy-00006-00002000-00002295 patched frontier hosts a developer live
+h_2laKjuapy-00007-00002296-00002526 stream there's pre-engineered ship
+h_2laKjuapy-00008-00002527-00002775 weapons up for grabs in this week's cg
+h_2laKjuapy-00009-00002776-00002958 and we have some thoughts on the current
+h_2laKjuapy-00010-00002959-00003206 state of elite dangerous on pc and
+h_2laKjuapy-00011-00003207-00003335 consoles
+h_2laKjuapy-00012-00003336-00003486 to make sure you don't miss any of our
+h_2laKjuapy-00013-00003488-00003695 videos hit like and subscribe remember
+h_2laKjuapy-00014-00003696-00003927 to click the little bell icon and select
+h_2laKjuapy-00015-00003928-00004127 all notifications and if you would like
+h_2laKjuapy-00016-00004128-00004335 to help directly support this channel
+h_2laKjuapy-00017-00004336-00004575 you can also join our patreon via the
+h_2laKjuapy-00018-00004576-00004870 link in the video description
+h_2laKjuapy-00019-00004871-00005102 as was promised by frontier last week
+h_2laKjuapy-00020-00005103-00005351 the start of this week saw the latest
+h_2laKjuapy-00021-00005352-00005591 patch update reach the console versions
+h_2laKjuapy-00022-00005592-00005886 of elite dangerous horizons the delay is
+h_2laKjuapy-00023-00005887-00006086 essentially down to the certification
+h_2laKjuapy-00024-00006087-00006311 process software has to go through to
+h_2laKjuapy-00025-00006312-00006550 get into the console's respective walled
+h_2laKjuapy-00026-00006551-00006783 gardens a similar patch for pcs being
+h_2laKjuapy-00027-00006784-00006975 deployed at the end of last week the
+h_2laKjuapy-00028-00006976-00007151 primary reason for the patch was to
+h_2laKjuapy-00029-00007152-00007406 remove the accidental uber damage that
+h_2laKjuapy-00030-00007408-00007655 had been added to engineered weapons
+h_2laKjuapy-00031-00007656-00007806 that essentially meant just about
+h_2laKjuapy-00032-00007808-00008031 anything in the game could in essence be
+h_2laKjuapy-00033-00008031-00008255 one-shotted including everybody's
+h_2laKjuapy-00034-00008256-00008483 favorite pleiades party poopers the
+h_2laKjuapy-00035-00008484-00008727 thyroids but there's also a small number
+h_2laKjuapy-00036-00008728-00008927 of other tweaks and fixes that also made
+h_2laKjuapy-00037-00008928-00009127 it into the patch those are listed in
+h_2laKjuapy-00038-00009128-00009319 the patch notes which i've linked in the
+h_2laKjuapy-00039-00009320-00009567 video description
+h_2laKjuapy-00040-00009568-00009814 frontier hosted a developer live stream
+h_2laKjuapy-00041-00009815-00010006 in their regular thursday night slot
+h_2laKjuapy-00042-00010007-00010303 this week that saw cm's arthur and bruce
+h_2laKjuapy-00043-00010304-00010519 sitting down to chat with two members of
+h_2laKjuapy-00044-00010520-00010863 elite's ui team geronimo and gautier who
+h_2laKjuapy-00045-00010864-00011159 are lead ui designer and lead ui
+h_2laKjuapy-00046-00011160-00011406 programmer respectively both have over
+h_2laKjuapy-00047-00011407-00011670 20 years experience in the area of user
+h_2laKjuapy-00048-00011671-00011895 interface have worked on elite dangerous
+h_2laKjuapy-00049-00011896-00012119 since its earliest iterations and have
+h_2laKjuapy-00050-00012120-00012319 clocked up significant hours in the game
+h_2laKjuapy-00051-00012320-00012503 itself as players
+h_2laKjuapy-00052-00012504-00012759 the ui in elite dangerous no matter what
+h_2laKjuapy-00053-00012760-00012919 of the current versions of the game you
+h_2laKjuapy-00054-00012919-00013166 are playing is a necessarily complex
+h_2laKjuapy-00055-00013168-00013407 beast and particularly in recent times
+h_2laKjuapy-00056-00013408-00013591 the changes to it haven't always been
+h_2laKjuapy-00057-00013591-00013783 met with universal approval from the
+h_2laKjuapy-00058-00013784-00013983 player base the chat provided a
+h_2laKjuapy-00059-00013984-00014191 fascinating insight into the reasons for
+h_2laKjuapy-00060-00014191-00014422 some of the decisions that the team make
+h_2laKjuapy-00061-00014423-00014599 and the challenges of working with a
+h_2laKjuapy-00062-00014600-00014863 complex ui that has to be replicated on
+h_2laKjuapy-00063-00014863-00015094 multiple platforms to span control
+h_2laKjuapy-00064-00015095-00015303 schemes as disparate as keyboard and
+h_2laKjuapy-00065-00015304-00015615 mouse hotas and console controller they
+h_2laKjuapy-00066-00015616-00015758 also talk through some of the more
+h_2laKjuapy-00067-00015759-00015983 technical aspects of design such as for
+h_2laKjuapy-00068-00015984-00016215 example what the team refer to as
+h_2laKjuapy-00069-00016216-00016494 friction in a ui where the user may be
+h_2laKjuapy-00070-00016495-00016703 slowed down from achieving their goal
+h_2laKjuapy-00071-00016704-00016919 and sometimes how this tactic can be
+h_2laKjuapy-00072-00016920-00017143 used deliberately in certain situations
+h_2laKjuapy-00073-00017144-00017407 where it's deemed important to do so the
+h_2laKjuapy-00074-00017408-00017607 odyssey ui and the changes it brought
+h_2laKjuapy-00075-00017608-00017807 haven't always made the life in elite
+h_2laKjuapy-00076-00017808-00017999 dangerous as easy as it could have been
+h_2laKjuapy-00077-00018000-00018150 the team even admitting that it was
+h_2laKjuapy-00078-00018151-00018399 buggy at launch as was much of the rest
+h_2laKjuapy-00079-00018400-00018591 of odyssey obviously more on that in a
+h_2laKjuapy-00080-00018592-00018830 moment but it is good to see that the ui
+h_2laKjuapy-00081-00018831-00019047 experience is constantly under review
+h_2laKjuapy-00082-00019048-00019294 and importantly changes to its flow do
+h_2laKjuapy-00083-00019295-00019543 get made as a result of player reactions
+h_2laKjuapy-00084-00019544-00019807 and feedback the chat is worth catching
+h_2laKjuapy-00085-00019808-00019999 up with if you didn't hear it live if
+h_2laKjuapy-00086-00020000-00020207 you've been occasionally frustrated by
+h_2laKjuapy-00087-00020208-00020391 the ui or perhaps struggled to
+h_2laKjuapy-00088-00020392-00020622 understand why it's designed the way it
+h_2laKjuapy-00089-00020623-00020822 is then it will definitely provide some
+h_2laKjuapy-00090-00020823-00021111 useful and helpful insight as always
+h_2laKjuapy-00091-00021112-00021358 it's linked in the video description
+h_2laKjuapy-00092-00021359-00021575 there's a new community goal active in
+h_2laKjuapy-00093-00021576-00021719 the game this week that is offering
+h_2laKjuapy-00094-00021720-00021967 specialized pre-engineered weapons to
+h_2laKjuapy-00095-00021968-00022222 its participants power play leader and
+h_2laKjuapy-00096-00022223-00022527 erstwhile federation admiral yuri grom
+h_2laKjuapy-00097-00022528-00022711 reviled by the leadership of the
+h_2laKjuapy-00098-00022712-00022943 federation he once served was involved
+h_2laKjuapy-00099-00022944-00023135 in a political conference with his
+h_2laKjuapy-00100-00023136-00023391 former bunk mates that did initially at
+h_2laKjuapy-00101-00023392-00023630 least appear to be building some bridges
+h_2laKjuapy-00102-00023631-00023863 those primordial bridges were sadly sent
+h_2laKjuapy-00103-00023864-00024055 crashing into the valley below this week
+h_2laKjuapy-00104-00024056-00024239 when it was revealed that the whole
+h_2laKjuapy-00105-00024240-00024527 conference was it appears a ruse to
+h_2laKjuapy-00106-00024528-00024775 capture and detain the bearded renegade
+h_2laKjuapy-00107-00024776-00024983 by the president of the feds king of
+h_2laKjuapy-00108-00024984-00025167 corruption and dodgy dealings and
+h_2laKjuapy-00109-00025168-00025383 all-round federal surveillance fanboy
+h_2laKjuapy-00110-00025384-00025678 zachary hudson hudson the t-1000 of
+h_2laKjuapy-00111-00025679-00025927 power play even having this to say after
+h_2laKjuapy-00112-00025927-00026143 grom had escaped the attempt to move
+h_2laKjuapy-00113-00026144-00026439 against him quote yori grom is a traitor
+h_2laKjuapy-00114-00026439-00026631 and a dangerous threat to federal
+h_2laKjuapy-00115-00026632-00026862 security we cannot ignore any
+h_2laKjuapy-00116-00026863-00027087 opportunity to eliminate this ruthless
+h_2laKjuapy-00117-00027088-00027383 tyrant unquote never one to remain happy
+h_2laKjuapy-00118-00027383-00027639 as a silent wallflower as you'd expect
+h_2laKjuapy-00119-00027639-00027887 grom has responded by saying quote the
+h_2laKjuapy-00120-00027888-00028151 federation has declared war unquote and
+h_2laKjuapy-00121-00028152-00028439 promising to quote respond in kind
+h_2laKjuapy-00122-00028439-00028702 unquote the end result of this is the
+h_2laKjuapy-00123-00028704-00028918 community goal that is now raging in the
+h_2laKjuapy-00124-00028919-00029158 delta pavona system both sides are
+h_2laKjuapy-00125-00029160-00029383 asking for combat bonds to be handed in
+h_2laKjuapy-00126-00029383-00029695 and if the feds win then the top 75
+h_2laKjuapy-00127-00029695-00029967 percent will have two fixed mount class
+h_2laKjuapy-00128-00029968-00030262 2 rapid fire multi cannons with
+h_2laKjuapy-00129-00030263-00030535 increased damage and phasing sequence at
+h_2laKjuapy-00130-00030536-00030831 the cost of increased spread and reduced
+h_2laKjuapy-00131-00030832-00031055 range handed to them if grom is
+h_2laKjuapy-00132-00031056-00031318 victorious then the top 75 commanders
+h_2laKjuapy-00133-00031319-00031655 will have two fixed mount class 2 seeker
+h_2laKjuapy-00134-00031656-00031918 missile racks with double engineered
+h_2laKjuapy-00135-00031919-00032207 high capacity increased fire rate and
+h_2laKjuapy-00136-00032208-00032462 drag munitions at the expense of
+h_2laKjuapy-00137-00032463-00032743 increased power draw and mass gifted to
+h_2laKjuapy-00138-00032744-00033055 them as usual the cg will run until
+h_2laKjuapy-00139-00033056-00033279 thursday so to be in with a chance of
+h_2laKjuapy-00140-00033280-00033535 saving the galactic bearded wonder or
+h_2laKjuapy-00141-00033536-00033799 alternatively aiding senor surveillance
+h_2laKjuapy-00142-00033800-00034015 you'll need to pile in your combat bonds
+h_2laKjuapy-00143-00034016-00034262 before then the full details for the cg
+h_2laKjuapy-00144-00034263-00034487 and associated gal net story you'll find
+h_2laKjuapy-00145-00034488-00034671 in the video description
+h_2laKjuapy-00146-00034672-00034902 it's now nearly five months since the
+h_2laKjuapy-00147-00034903-00035118 elite dangerous odyssey expansion
+h_2laKjuapy-00148-00035119-00035343 launched onto the pc the largest
+h_2laKjuapy-00149-00035344-00035559 expansion that the game has ever had
+h_2laKjuapy-00150-00035560-00035759 it's a well-documented fact now that
+h_2laKjuapy-00151-00035760-00035927 what should have been one of the game's
+h_2laKjuapy-00152-00035928-00036151 brightest moments actually turned out in
+h_2laKjuapy-00153-00036152-00036383 the initial post-launch period at least
+h_2laKjuapy-00154-00036384-00036639 to be one of its darkest days after the
+h_2laKjuapy-00155-00036640-00036839 initial excitement and spectacle of a
+h_2laKjuapy-00156-00036840-00037095 generally well received alpha period it
+h_2laKjuapy-00157-00037096-00037271 rapidly became apparent that the
+h_2laKjuapy-00158-00037272-00037471 released product had been rushed to
+h_2laKjuapy-00159-00037472-00037774 market and was as a result extremely
+h_2laKjuapy-00160-00037775-00038030 unoptimized buggy and missing a fair few
+h_2laKjuapy-00161-00038031-00038223 expected key features
+h_2laKjuapy-00162-00038224-00038390 all of this arrived off the back of
+h_2laKjuapy-00163-00038391-00038630 delays to both the console launch and
+h_2laKjuapy-00164-00038631-00038830 the expected terrain upgrades to
+h_2laKjuapy-00165-00038831-00038959 horizons
+h_2laKjuapy-00166-00038960-00039151 with all of this combined the resultant
+h_2laKjuapy-00167-00039152-00039359 anger and frustration from odyssey
+h_2laKjuapy-00168-00039360-00039662 horizons pc and console players alike
+h_2laKjuapy-00169-00039663-00039895 left the community fractured and more
+h_2laKjuapy-00170-00039896-00040102 than a little bit wounded in the
+h_2laKjuapy-00171-00040103-00040327 post-launch nuclear wasteland that
+h_2laKjuapy-00172-00040328-00040543 followed alongside various complaints
+h_2laKjuapy-00173-00040544-00040830 about bugs and unoptimized code the one
+h_2laKjuapy-00174-00040831-00041039 unified cry that seemed to come through
+h_2laKjuapy-00175-00041040-00041246 was around communication from fdev
+h_2laKjuapy-00176-00041247-00041462 themselves and in the days following the
+h_2laKjuapy-00177-00041463-00041583 odyssey launch there was an
+h_2laKjuapy-00178-00041584-00041790 acknowledgement from the cm team and
+h_2laKjuapy-00179-00041791-00042062 indeed david braban himself promising
+h_2laKjuapy-00180-00042063-00042190 that they would look at how they
+h_2laKjuapy-00181-00042191-00042415 communicate with the community shortly
+h_2laKjuapy-00182-00042416-00042702 thereafter things did indeed change as
+h_2laKjuapy-00183-00042703-00042927 of right now we have regular news drops
+h_2laKjuapy-00184-00042928-00043167 at least every other week the forum
+h_2laKjuapy-00185-00043168-00043415 activity from the cms is persistent and
+h_2laKjuapy-00186-00043416-00043687 consistent the top voted issues on the
+h_2laKjuapy-00187-00043688-00043895 issue tracker are reported back to the
+h_2laKjuapy-00188-00043896-00044095 community on a regularly updated
+h_2laKjuapy-00189-00044096-00044343 permanently visible basis and we get
+h_2laKjuapy-00190-00044344-00044558 monthly development updates in the form
+h_2laKjuapy-00191-00044559-00044839 of a forum post that details where we've
+h_2laKjuapy-00192-00044840-00045111 been where we're at and some small hints
+h_2laKjuapy-00193-00045112-00045318 at where we're going and what to expect
+h_2laKjuapy-00194-00045319-00045518 next all of this is sprinkled with
+h_2laKjuapy-00195-00045519-00045751 regular live streams from the team that
+h_2laKjuapy-00196-00045752-00045951 as we've seen this week feature chats
+h_2laKjuapy-00197-00045952-00046143 with developers conversations with
+h_2laKjuapy-00198-00046144-00046358 community content creators as well as
+h_2laKjuapy-00199-00046359-00046646 gameplay across odyssey and horizons the
+h_2laKjuapy-00200-00046647-00046823 community management team have since
+h_2laKjuapy-00201-00046824-00047039 reached out to the community to gather
+h_2laKjuapy-00202-00047040-00047230 their thoughts on how the game might be
+h_2laKjuapy-00203-00047231-00047479 improved in a number of key areas most
+h_2laKjuapy-00204-00047480-00047686 notably speaking to the ante zeno
+h_2laKjuapy-00205-00047687-00047911 initiative recently and taking some very
+h_2laKjuapy-00206-00047912-00048095 constructive and well-structured
+h_2laKjuapy-00207-00048096-00048335 feedback from them this kind of direct
+h_2laKjuapy-00208-00048336-00048543 outreach is not something we'd seen
+h_2laKjuapy-00209-00048544-00048799 before and it's very encouraging to see
+h_2laKjuapy-00210-00048800-00049007 as far as the various versions of elite
+h_2laKjuapy-00211-00049008-00049271 across pc and consoles are concerned
+h_2laKjuapy-00212-00049272-00049502 here's where we're at elite dangerous
+h_2laKjuapy-00213-00049503-00049774 odyssey has now had seven major patches
+h_2laKjuapy-00214-00049775-00050015 to it with numerous much smaller patches
+h_2laKjuapy-00215-00050016-00050271 sprinkled in between the vast majority
+h_2laKjuapy-00216-00050272-00050455 of those have attempted to address frame
+h_2laKjuapy-00217-00050456-00050718 rate issues and optimization lighting
+h_2laKjuapy-00218-00050719-00050935 issues and planetary rendering as well
+h_2laKjuapy-00219-00050936-00051143 as numerous bugs and glitches but there
+h_2laKjuapy-00220-00051144-00051407 have also been gameplay tweaks and ui
+h_2laKjuapy-00221-00051408-00051566 changes mixed in
+h_2laKjuapy-00222-00051567-00051758 whilst it's still far from a perfect
+h_2laKjuapy-00223-00051759-00052054 landscape for everybody playing odyssey
+h_2laKjuapy-00224-00052055-00052326 is in a far far better state now than it
+h_2laKjuapy-00225-00052327-00052615 was at launch again i'd reiterate it's
+h_2laKjuapy-00226-00052616-00052919 not perfect but it is way more stable
+h_2laKjuapy-00227-00052920-00053191 playable and overall it looks much more
+h_2laKjuapy-00228-00053191-00053415 like a complete game had the game
+h_2laKjuapy-00229-00053416-00053599 launched in the state it's in now it
+h_2laKjuapy-00230-00053600-00053759 would have been a very different story
+h_2laKjuapy-00231-00053760-00053854 indeed
+h_2laKjuapy-00232-00053855-00054054 there are still some significant frame
+h_2laKjuapy-00233-00054055-00054311 rate drops around surface settlements
+h_2laKjuapy-00234-00054312-00054503 but it does feel at least that these are
+h_2laKjuapy-00235-00054504-00054782 related to the npcs and the optimization
+h_2laKjuapy-00236-00054783-00055030 of their associated nav mesh it's
+h_2laKjuapy-00237-00055032-00055215 particularly evident when you arrive at
+h_2laKjuapy-00238-00055216-00055359 a settlement and things are still
+h_2laKjuapy-00239-00055360-00055607 loading in the team fdev have said these
+h_2laKjuapy-00240-00055608-00055782 issues are to be addressed in the
+h_2laKjuapy-00241-00055783-00056111 upcoming patch 8 specifically it even
+h_2laKjuapy-00242-00056112-00056294 seems now that the long persistent
+h_2laKjuapy-00243-00056295-00056582 invincible thyroid heart bug has finally
+h_2laKjuapy-00244-00056583-00056815 been squashed alongside the regular
+h_2laKjuapy-00245-00056816-00057015 patches dropping into the game we are
+h_2laKjuapy-00246-00057016-00057223 now starting to see new features and
+h_2laKjuapy-00247-00057224-00057454 announcements of upcoming features
+h_2laKjuapy-00248-00057455-00057623 frontier have stopped short of saying
+h_2laKjuapy-00249-00057624-00057830 exactly what players can come to expect
+h_2laKjuapy-00250-00057832-00058103 from odyssey as an ongoing live service
+h_2laKjuapy-00251-00058104-00058311 game but with the arrival of the new
+h_2laKjuapy-00252-00058312-00058535 surface conflict zone features and the
+h_2laKjuapy-00253-00058536-00058735 announcements around mega ship and fleet
+h_2laKjuapy-00254-00058736-00058975 carrier interiors as well as a new
+h_2laKjuapy-00255-00058976-00059311 combat oriented multi-crew capable srv
+h_2laKjuapy-00256-00059312-00059542 we are starting to see hints of what we
+h_2laKjuapy-00257-00059544-00059782 think is likely the way of the future
+h_2laKjuapy-00258-00059783-00060047 that being incremental additions and new
+h_2laKjuapy-00259-00060048-00060215 features dropped into the game on a
+h_2laKjuapy-00260-00060216-00060471 semi-regular cycle rather than the
+h_2laKjuapy-00261-00060472-00060711 benchmark season-based content drops
+h_2laKjuapy-00262-00060712-00060926 that we'd seen before this is a guess
+h_2laKjuapy-00263-00060927-00061111 however as frontier aren't stating
+h_2laKjuapy-00264-00061112-00061359 anything specifically at the moment with
+h_2laKjuapy-00265-00061360-00061559 all that said then where does this leave
+h_2laKjuapy-00266-00061560-00061815 the console commanders in particular on
+h_2laKjuapy-00267-00061816-00062006 our own comment section this week we've
+h_2laKjuapy-00268-00062007-00062206 seen a more significant than usual
+h_2laKjuapy-00269-00062207-00062423 number of console commanders asking what
+h_2laKjuapy-00270-00062424-00062599 the state of play with the console
+h_2laKjuapy-00271-00062600-00062879 edition of elite dangerous odyssey is
+h_2laKjuapy-00272-00062879-00063023 in case you're not a regular to the
+h_2laKjuapy-00273-00063024-00063230 company's live streams or their other
+h_2laKjuapy-00274-00063232-00063479 social media feeds then the question of
+h_2laKjuapy-00275-00063479-00063711 quote what is happening with odyssey on
+h_2laKjuapy-00276-00063712-00064023 consoles unquote comes up unsurprisingly
+h_2laKjuapy-00277-00064024-00064238 every single day and the official
+h_2laKjuapy-00278-00064239-00064438 response from frontier is always very
+h_2laKjuapy-00279-00064439-00064735 much the same quote console is on hold
+h_2laKjuapy-00280-00064736-00064950 as we focus on improving the pc
+h_2laKjuapy-00281-00064951-00065191 experience for odyssey when we are able
+h_2laKjuapy-00282-00065191-00065406 to share more on console development we
+h_2laKjuapy-00283-00065407-00065679 will let everyone know unquote there is
+h_2laKjuapy-00284-00065680-00065831 speculation all the time that the
+h_2laKjuapy-00285-00065832-00066038 console edition will be cancelled or
+h_2laKjuapy-00286-00066039-00066255 that the console player base has somehow
+h_2laKjuapy-00287-00066256-00066503 been forgotten as best we can tell the
+h_2laKjuapy-00288-00066504-00066687 bottom line to that understandable
+h_2laKjuapy-00289-00066688-00066975 anxiety coupled with fdev's responses on
+h_2laKjuapy-00290-00066976-00067231 the issue is this frontier definitely
+h_2laKjuapy-00291-00067232-00067455 won't have forgotten about consoles
+h_2laKjuapy-00292-00067456-00067679 corporations are driven by money and
+h_2laKjuapy-00293-00067680-00067943 odyssey on the consoles equates to sales
+h_2laKjuapy-00294-00067944-00068247 in terms of copies sold and money spent
+h_2laKjuapy-00295-00068248-00068479 purchasing cosmetics for the game as
+h_2laKjuapy-00296-00068480-00068703 best we can determine the console market
+h_2laKjuapy-00297-00068704-00068894 makes up about a third of the total
+h_2laKjuapy-00298-00068895-00069126 player base that's not an insignificant
+h_2laKjuapy-00299-00069127-00069406 amount of money to frontier bottom line
+h_2laKjuapy-00300-00069407-00069631 in lieu of any other evidence to the
+h_2laKjuapy-00301-00069632-00069838 country here at the burpitt we
+h_2laKjuapy-00302-00069839-00070079 absolutely believe hands down there will
+h_2laKjuapy-00303-00070080-00070303 be a console version of elite dangerous
+h_2laKjuapy-00304-00070304-00070559 odyssey the next big question is when
+h_2laKjuapy-00305-00070560-00070767 will we hear more about it and when will
+h_2laKjuapy-00306-00070768-00070991 it be released any answers i give you
+h_2laKjuapy-00307-00070992-00071159 now on those questions are of course
+h_2laKjuapy-00308-00071160-00071423 pure speculation the two interesting
+h_2laKjuapy-00309-00071424-00071655 things here are however the current
+h_2laKjuapy-00310-00071656-00071967 version of odyssey on pcs is in a much
+h_2laKjuapy-00311-00071968-00072182 better state than it was at launch if
+h_2laKjuapy-00312-00072183-00072359 the company can nail the current
+h_2laKjuapy-00313-00072360-00072582 stuttering issues associated with
+h_2laKjuapy-00314-00072583-00072831 arriving at a settlement and introduce a
+h_2laKjuapy-00315-00072832-00073079 few other optimizations into the mix
+h_2laKjuapy-00316-00073080-00073271 then it is starting to feel like the
+h_2laKjuapy-00317-00073272-00073543 period of triage for the pc is coming to
+h_2laKjuapy-00318-00073544-00073767 an end and that in fact we are very much
+h_2laKjuapy-00319-00073768-00073991 now on an upward turn couple that
+h_2laKjuapy-00320-00073992-00074126 knowledge with the fact that they are
+h_2laKjuapy-00321-00074127-00074359 now starting to talk about new content
+h_2laKjuapy-00322-00074360-00074550 and what is to be introduced into the
+h_2laKjuapy-00323-00074551-00074719 game then we wouldn't be at all
+h_2laKjuapy-00324-00074720-00074950 surprised if we started hearing more on
+h_2laKjuapy-00325-00074951-00075159 the console editions and how those are
+h_2laKjuapy-00326-00075160-00075415 expected to progress most definitely
+h_2laKjuapy-00327-00075416-00075687 sooner rather than later it's been an
+h_2laKjuapy-00328-00075688-00075943 undoubtedly long road for all concerned
+h_2laKjuapy-00329-00075944-00076191 no less so for our console commanders if
+h_2laKjuapy-00330-00076192-00076375 indeed we are close to the end of all
+h_2laKjuapy-00331-00076376-00076582 this then as soon as we hear anything
+h_2laKjuapy-00332-00076583-00076831 we'll let you know on this very channel
+h_2laKjuapy-00333-00076832-00076999 are you planning on fighting for yuri
+h_2laKjuapy-00334-00077000-00077231 grom or perhaps siding with the feds
+h_2laKjuapy-00335-00077232-00077431 against him let us know in the comments
+h_2laKjuapy-00336-00077432-00077526 below
+h_2laKjuapy-00337-00077527-00077694 that's it for now thanks very much for
+h_2laKjuapy-00338-00077695-00077887 watching we'll be back later this week
+h_2laKjuapy-00339-00077888-00078087 with more videos until then 07
+h_2laKjuapy-00340-00078088-00078255 commanders follow the greens on the way
+h_2laKjuapy-00341-00078256-00078487 out and do keep clear of the toast rack
+h_2laKjuapy-00342-00078488-00078638 we very much look forward to seeing you
+h_2laKjuapy-00343-00078639-00078884 next time
+h_2laKjuapy-00344-00078885-00079914 [Music]
+h_O_Me34yMu-00000-00000104-00000335 hot salt frying and hot sand frying are
+h_O_Me34yMu-00001-00000336-00000543 cooking techniques used by street side
+h_O_Me34yMu-00002-00000544-00000871 food vendors in pakistan china and india
+h_O_Me34yMu-00003-00000872-00001070 hot sand frying is one of the oldest
+h_O_Me34yMu-00004-00001071-00001254 cooking techniques in the world and is
+h_O_Me34yMu-00005-00001255-00001447 used in villages throughout asia and
+h_O_Me34yMu-00006-00001448-00002095 other parts of the world
+h_O_Me34yMu-00007-00002096-00002655 topic hot salt frying
+h_O_Me34yMu-00008-00002656-00002902 in pakistan hot salt frying is mostly
+h_O_Me34yMu-00009-00002903-00003166 used by street vendors to cook corn
+h_O_Me34yMu-00010-00003167-00003415 rock salt is preheated in a wok either
+h_O_Me34yMu-00011-00003415-00003638 the whole corn or individual kernels are
+h_O_Me34yMu-00012-00003639-00003815 buried in the salt and occasionally
+h_O_Me34yMu-00013-00003815-00003951 turned
+h_O_Me34yMu-00014-00003952-00004191 coarse sea salt is placed in a large wok
+h_O_Me34yMu-00015-00004192-00004447 and heated to a high temperature dry
+h_O_Me34yMu-00016-00004448-00004670 food items such as eggs and shell are
+h_O_Me34yMu-00017-00004671-00004863 buried in the hot salt and occasionally
+h_O_Me34yMu-00018-00004864-00005079 turned with a spatula
+h_O_Me34yMu-00019-00005080-00005270 in india this technique is used by
+h_O_Me34yMu-00020-00005271-00005454 street vendors selling shelled peanuts
+h_O_Me34yMu-00021-00005455-00005654 or popcorn cooked in salt heated in an
+h_O_Me34yMu-00022-00005655-00005991 iron wok at times beef steak is fried in
+h_O_Me34yMu-00023-00005992-00006199 this manner by preheating the frying pan
+h_O_Me34yMu-00024-00006200-00006391 and salt and the placing stake on it on
+h_O_Me34yMu-00025-00006392-00006559 one side for a minute and then on the
+h_O_Me34yMu-00026-00006559-00006742 other side for two minutes depending on
+h_O_Me34yMu-00027-00006743-00007534 the thickness and how well one wants it
+h_O_Me34yMu-00028-00007536-00008014 hot sand frying
+h_O_Me34yMu-00029-00008015-00008223 hot sand frying is a common cooking
+h_O_Me34yMu-00030-00008224-00008423 technique for street side food vendors
+h_O_Me34yMu-00031-00008424-00008646 in china and india to cook chestnuts and
+h_O_Me34yMu-00032-00008647-00008767 peanuts
+h_O_Me34yMu-00033-00008768-00008983 a large wok is filled with black sand
+h_O_Me34yMu-00034-00008984-00009191 and heated to high temperature
+h_O_Me34yMu-00035-00009192-00009367 nuts are buried in the hot sand and
+h_O_Me34yMu-00036-00009368-00009567 occasionally turned with a spatula then
+h_O_Me34yMu-00037-00009568-00009742 the sand and nuts are separated through
+h_O_Me34yMu-00038-00009743-00009927 a wire mesh screen
+h_O_Me34yMu-00039-00009928-00010151 hot sand frying is also used in many
+h_O_Me34yMu-00040-00010152-00010367 villages throughout asia a common
+h_O_Me34yMu-00041-00010368-00010583 cooking technique in villages is to wrap
+h_O_Me34yMu-00042-00010584-00010806 fish or other meat in a banana leaf tie
+h_O_Me34yMu-00043-00010807-00010991 it off and then place the banana leaf in
+h_O_Me34yMu-00044-00010992-00011263 the heated sand one side at a time
+h_O_Me34yMu-00045-00011264-00011487 puffed rice is also a common snack in
+h_O_Me34yMu-00046-00011488-00011751 india and is one of their oldest foods
+h_O_Me34yMu-00047-00011752-00011951 the puffed rice is made by heating sand
+h_O_Me34yMu-00048-00011952-00012167 in a wok over a fire in a traditional
+h_O_Me34yMu-00049-00012168-00012367 indian stove then pouring the rice into
+h_O_Me34yMu-00050-00012368-00012623 the sand and quickly stirring the rice
+h_O_Me34yMu-00051-00012624-00012822 the puffed rice is then quickly removed
+h_O_Me34yMu-00052-00012823-00013071 with a metal sieve and set to cool
+h_O_Me34yMu-00053-00013072-00013286 many other foods are fried with hot sand
+h_O_Me34yMu-00054-00013287-00013494 even in common households because it is
+h_O_Me34yMu-00055-00013495-00013694 a healthy oil-free cheap way to cook
+h_O_Me34yMu-00056-00013695-00013871 without needing any fancy household
+h_O_Me34yMu-00057-00013872-00014671 appliances such as an air cooker
+h_O_Me34yMu-00058-00014672-00015127 see also
+h_O_Me34yMu-00059-00015128-00015476 chinese cuisine
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00000-00000051-00001059 [Music]
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00001-00001060-00003790 [Music]
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00002-00003792-00004054 i am delighted to be with you today to
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00003-00004055-00004167 give a
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00004-00004168-00004422 point of view on the evolution of public
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00005-00004423-00004702 policy and infrastructure on open source
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00006-00004703-00004895 software in particular from the point of
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00007-00004896-00005054 view of europe
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00008-00005055-00005247 and france
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00009-00005248-00005447 let me start with a few words of
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00010-00005448-00005727 introductions about myself
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00011-00005728-00005959 i am a computer science professor i have
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00012-00005960-00006175 been working in paris at the university
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00013-00006176-00006534 of paris and nowadays for over 30 years
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00014-00006536-00006695 doing research
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00015-00006695-00006934 in various fields of computing from
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00016-00006936-00007134 theoretical computer science to
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00017-00007136-00007398 programming and software engineering
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00018-00007400-00007759 i spent over 20 years on open source
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00019-00007759-00007942 software being an advocate and a
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00020-00007943-00008207 developer and contributing to policy
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00021-00008208-00008319 making
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00022-00008320-00008623 in the last 10 years i dedicated my time
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00023-00008624-00008887 to building and directing structures for
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00024-00008888-00009063 the common good
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00025-00009064-00009391 in particular i am currently director of
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00026-00009392-00009678 social heritage a universal archive of
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00027-00009679-00010006 open source code that we will see later
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00028-00010007-00010151 together
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00029-00010152-00010463 and i have been member for a few years
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00030-00010464-00010687 of the national committee of european
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00031-00010688-00011031 science in france and recently appointed
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00032-00011032-00011223 chair of the task force for
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00033-00011224-00011423 infrastructure of quality research
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00034-00011424-00011719 software of the european open science
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00035-00011720-00011942 cloud
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00036-00011943-00012246 if we look around us we see software all
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00037-00012247-00012383 over the place
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00038-00012384-00012591 the software doesn't come out of the
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00039-00012592-00012902 blue it is written by humans using
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00040-00012903-00013143 programming languages
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00041-00013144-00013422 in a word this is a new form of
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00042-00013423-00013630 knowledge software source code is a new
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00043-00013631-00013879 form of knowledge that is at the same
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00044-00013880-00014119 time uranum readable and machine
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00045-00014119-00014238 executable
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00046-00014240-00014575 as was already remarked by aaron abelson
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00047-00014576-00014927 a mit computer science professor
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00048-00014928-00015294 in a beautiful book dating back of 1985
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00049-00015295-00015566 called structure and interpretation of
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00050-00015568-00015783 computer programs
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00051-00015784-00016094 where he says that the programs must be
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00052-00016095-00016386 written for people to read and only
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00053-00016387-00016758 incidentally from machines to execute
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00054-00016759-00017127 back in the 80s there was just a little
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00055-00017128-00017399 bit of source code not enough for people
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00056-00017400-00017630 to understand the deep meaning of the
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00057-00017631-00017871 remarks of professor robinson
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00058-00017872-00017999 but today
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00059-00018000-00018111 thanks to
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00060-00018112-00018567 over 30 years of open and free software
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00061-00018568-00018694 development
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00062-00018695-00018919 we have access to an incredible amount
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00063-00018920-00019199 of beautiful pieces of source code
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00064-00019200-00019527 here is one that comes from the
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00065-00019528-00019767 controlling command system of the apollo
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00066-00019768-00019943 11
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00067-00019944-00020135 lunar landing module
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00068-00020136-00020367 so this piece of source code shows you
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00069-00020368-00020511 on the
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00070-00020512-00020607 left
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00071-00020608-00020871 the mnemonic of the assembly code that
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00072-00020872-00021103 will be translated into machine language
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00073-00021104-00021311 which is not very readable you read
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00074-00021312-00021583 again but the most important part for me
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00075-00021584-00021855 today is to tell you about this part on
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00076-00021856-00022078 the after the number sign
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00077-00022079-00022391 on the right because here you see
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00078-00022392-00022686 text in english which is actually a
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00079-00022687-00022807 message
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00080-00022808-00023103 sent from the developer to the other
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00081-00023104-00023303 people that we need to read the source
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00082-00023304-00023542 code later to understand what it does
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00083-00023543-00023791 and this other person may be the same
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00084-00023792-00024127 developer in a few weeks in a few years
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00085-00024128-00024286 more recently
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00086-00024287-00024527 we moved to higher level programming
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00087-00024528-00024742 languages like the c programming
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00088-00024743-00024942 language which is used for this
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00089-00024943-00025135 particular routine
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00090-00025136-00025239 but
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00091-00025240-00025478 even if the programming language is more
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00092-00025479-00025750 evoluted we still need to choose a
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00093-00025751-00025983 meaningful name for the variables
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00094-00025983-00026287 minimum names meaningful names for the
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00095-00026288-00026399 functions
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00096-00026400-00026670 and use comments which will never go
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00097-00026672-00026895 down to the machine
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00098-00026895-00026999 to
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00099-00027000-00027311 tell us what is going on and by the way
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00100-00027312-00027711 this is an excerpt of the quake 3 arena
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00101-00027712-00027855 game
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00102-00027856-00028127 and it is a beautiful routine that you
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00103-00028127-00028255 can
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00104-00028256-00028367 find
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00105-00028368-00028639 on described on wikipedia if you look
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00106-00028639-00028887 for this special magic
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00107-00028888-00029127 number here 0x
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00108-00029127-00029283 5f
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00109-00029283-00029558 3759 df
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00110-00029560-00029702 but anyway
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00111-00029704-00029974 i wanted to show you two simple examples
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00112-00029975-00030262 the given idea of why source code is so
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00113-00030263-00030399 important
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00114-00030400-00030727 and as len schuster who was a former
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00115-00030727-00030935 board director of the computer history
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00116-00030936-00031199 museum beautifully stated
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00117-00031200-00031518 software source codes provides us a view
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00118-00031519-00031799 into the mind of the design
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00119-00031800-00032007 as you all know
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00120-00032008-00032255 beautifully brought in a recent article
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00121-00032256-00032590 spawned by the kavin 19 crisis
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00122-00032591-00032855 we now know that the real antidote to
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00123-00032856-00033223 epidemic or to any new unprecedented
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00124-00033224-00033487 challenge to the whole of mankind is
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00125-00033488-00033702 scientific knowledge and global
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00126-00033703-00033871 cooperation
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00127-00033872-00034062 if we want to foster this global
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00128-00034063-00034415 cooperation it is important to remark
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00129-00034416-00034702 that software is today a key pillar of
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00130-00034703-00034935 modern scientific research
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00131-00034936-00035190 this has been already noted in nature in
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00132-00035191-00035687 an article dating back to october 2014
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00133-00035688-00036046 where they remarketed among the top 100
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00134-00036047-00036415 most influential paper of this very
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00135-00036416-00036783 prestigious journal the mass majority
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00136-00036784-00037007 describe experimental methods of
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00137-00037008-00037255 software in particular software they
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00138-00037256-00037543 have become essential in their fields
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00139-00037544-00037799 for this reason access to the software
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00140-00037800-00038046 is fundamental to advanced research and
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00141-00038047-00038207 access to the source code of this
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00142-00038208-00038415 forfeit is essential to understand what
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00143-00038416-00038574 is going on
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00144-00038575-00038918 even broad more broadly than just
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00145-00038919-00039111 science and research
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00146-00039112-00039439 open source actually today powers most
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00147-00039440-00039767 of our software infrastructure they run
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00148-00039768-00040127 the key infrastructure for our society
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00149-00040128-00040318 for all these reasons
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00150-00040319-00040607 since software source code is a precious
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00151-00040608-00040839 technical and scientific knowledge
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00152-00040840-00041087 we actually need an infrastructure that
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00153-00041088-00041318 preserve it and make it easily
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00154-00041319-00041567 accessible for everybody in the long
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00155-00041568-00041743 term
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00156-00041744-00042087 but there is not only this reason to be
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00157-00042088-00042343 interested in actually archiving and
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00158-00042344-00042527 tracking and studying open source
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00159-00042528-00042655 software
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00160-00042656-00042767 as you
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00161-00042768-00042846 uh
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00162-00042847-00042999 have seen
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00163-00043000-00043135 today
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00164-00043136-00043390 most modern software is based on open
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00165-00043391-00043630 source component and if you use open
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00166-00043631-00043846 source component to build our system it
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00167-00043847-00044071 is important to know where these open
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00168-00044072-00044287 source components come from
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00169-00044288-00044518 and there is a broad
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00170-00044519-00044639 vast
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00171-00044640-00044943 jungle of different infrastructure that
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00172-00044944-00045230 i use for developing and distributing
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00173-00045231-00045471 this source code yeah
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00174-00045472-00045671 why is it important this because it is
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00175-00045672-00045911 important to know
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00176-00045912-00046151 where the software that we use that you
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00177-00046152-00046446 acquire that we ship comes from because
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00178-00046447-00046686 it is also important to know whether it
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00179-00046687-00046839 has that or
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00180-00046840-00047046 bag or that vulnerability and we need to
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00181-00047047-00047183 trace it back
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00182-00047184-00047471 to see what is going on
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00183-00047472-00047702 this is an important remark that has
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00184-00047703-00047990 been made recently by an executive order
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00185-00047991-00048351 by an american president in may 2021
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00186-00048352-00048655 dedicated to cyber security
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00187-00048656-00049023 in section 4 of this exact reorder you
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00188-00049024-00049335 hear the headlines is enhancing the
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00189-00049336-00049662 software supply chain security
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00190-00049663-00049943 and to this end one important ingredient
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00191-00049944-00050199 is to ensure and attest
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00192-00050200-00050518 as much it is possible to the integrity
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00193-00050519-00050718 and the provenance of open source
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00194-00050719-00050855 software
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00195-00050856-00051135 in my own word i would like to call this
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00196-00051136-00051390 principle the know your software
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00197-00051391-00051694 principle k-y-s-w
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00198-00051695-00051775 by
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00199-00051776-00052126 hinting at the kwc know your customer
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00200-00052127-00052494 principle which is so popular in banking
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00201-00052495-00052782 if we want to address this properly we
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00202-00052783-00053038 need a trusted knowledge base for
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00203-00053039-00053279 software provenance that allows us to
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00204-00053279-00053494 know and understand where all this
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00205-00053495-00053854 software comes from
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00206-00053855-00053935 but
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00207-00053936-00054254 let's take a step back and see where we
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00208-00054255-00054615 are because actually today we are really
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00209-00054616-00054999 at the turning point if we look back at
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00210-00055000-00055126 the past
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00211-00055127-00055294 we see that there are
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00212-00055295-00055687 numerous landmark software projects that
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00213-00055688-00055966 have been developed but misplaced or
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00214-00055967-00056238 lost while the creators are still alive
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00215-00056239-00056503 and so it is urgent to go out and
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00216-00056504-00056663 collect their knowledge and make
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00217-00056664-00056879 available their source code
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00218-00056879-00057166 because it constitutes precious prior
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00219-00057167-00057319 art
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00220-00057320-00057471 but also
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00221-00057472-00057742 we have seen recently in the last few
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00222-00057744-00058111 years that business decision taken by
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00223-00058112-00058359 popular code hosting platforms like
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00224-00058360-00058750 google code or guitorios in 2015 can
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00225-00058751-00058879 endanger
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00226-00058879-00059230 millions of open source projects
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00227-00059232-00059559 in the shutdown in 2015 almost 1 million
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00228-00059560-00059854 projects were put at risk and even
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00229-00059855-00060159 recent more recently bitbucket another
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00230-00060160-00060430 popular platform decided to phase out
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00231-00060432-00060711 support of mercurial as a version
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00232-00060712-00060854 control system
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00233-00060855-00061142 and this industry a quarter of a million
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00234-00061144-00061350 of repositories
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00235-00061351-00061623 it is urgent to rescue and archive all
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00236-00061624-00061766 of them
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00237-00061767-00062023 but but rest assured for these three we
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00238-00062024-00062303 already did our job and all of their
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00239-00062304-00062542 contents is already safely stored in
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00240-00062544-00062815 software but your question is what we do
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00241-00062816-00063079 for the many other data out there
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00242-00063079-00063350 so it is urgent to take action because
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00243-00063351-00063638 we only have a few years left before all
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00244-00063639-00063911 this knowledge disappears
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00245-00063912-00064230 if we look at the future what we see
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00246-00064232-00064382 is a software development is
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00247-00064383-00064663 skyrocketing there are more programmers
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00248-00064664-00064894 than ever and more code than ever is
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00249-00064895-00065111 produced today
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00250-00065112-00065335 so if we want to
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00251-00065336-00065671 make it easier to collaborate to share
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00252-00065672-00065935 research to results we need to take
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00253-00065936-00066223 action now if we want to track open
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00254-00066224-00066438 source code provenance we need to act
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00255-00066439-00066806 before it is too late and to get to this
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00256-00066807-00067071 we need to build a universal platform to
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00257-00067072-00067294 collect and share all the software
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00258-00067295-00067550 source code worldwide a universal
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00259-00067551-00067791 platform because no country alone can
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00260-00067792-00068231 develop such an infrastructure
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00261-00068232-00068606 the good news is that change is coming
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00262-00068607-00068903 from the policy level there is a raising
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00263-00068904-00069103 awareness of the importance of open
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00264-00069104-00069391 source software in particular for open
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00265-00069392-00069711 science and for governments
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00266-00069712-00070006 and at the infrastructure level the
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00267-00070007-00070231 other good news is that the universal
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00268-00070232-00070494 open share source code archive is
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00269-00070495-00070735 actually being built today by software
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00270-00070736-00070903 heritage
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00271-00070904-00071223 in the rest of this presentation i will
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00272-00071224-00071535 cover these two sections two different
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00273-00071536-00071759 items separately
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00274-00071760-00072143 let's start at the policy level
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00275-00072144-00072471 policy has been evolving a lot
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00276-00072472-00072735 in what i'm presenting you here is a
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00277-00072736-00072862 selection
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00278-00072863-00073087 of the many
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00279-00073088-00073294 elements which are relevant
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00280-00073295-00073671 let me start with this call
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00281-00073672-00073999 put forward by an expert group then met
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00282-00074000-00074282 at unesco in november
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00283-00074283-00074671 2018 uh they work it together for a long
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00284-00074672-00074959 time to study the relevance of source
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00285-00074960-00075199 code for our society
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00286-00075200-00075550 in the long term and they put out a call
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00287-00075551-00075750 written the paris call on software
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00288-00075751-00076047 source code published in february 2018
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00289-00076048-00076335 which is available online by the way
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00290-00076336-00076591 all the blue links that you all the blue
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00291-00076592-00076847 text that you see in the slides here are
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00292-00076848-00077038 actually clickable links
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00293-00077039-00077335 that you can follow to get to the
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00294-00077336-00077455 relevant
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00295-00077456-00077662 documents which are supporting my
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00296-00077663-00077975 presentation today
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00297-00077976-00078343 among the many remarks made in this
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00298-00078344-00078535 key document
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00299-00078536-00078823 one which is interesting for us today is
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00300-00078824-00079182 the goal to promote software development
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00301-00079183-00079503 for open science for open research and
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00302-00079504-00079767 this was written before the covet crisis
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00303-00079768-00079982 and you know how important has been to
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00304-00079983-00080150 share the data
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00305-00080151-00080335 and the software
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00306-00080336-00080623 in it to build a valuable and quick
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00307-00080624-00080926 response to this gigantic challenge
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00308-00080927-00081143 if we want to keep going in that
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00309-00081144-00081511 direction it is important to recognize
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00310-00081512-00081823 in the career of academics the quality
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00311-00081824-00082087 contribution to software developments
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00312-00082088-00082367 and to share the good practices
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00313-00082368-00082615 you can sign this declaration if you
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00314-00082616-00082887 want and look at it by clicking on this
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00315-00082888-00083071 link
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00316-00083072-00083399 this is a high level at unesco 2018 an
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00317-00083400-00083615 expert group
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00318-00083616-00083743 at
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00319-00083744-00084143 a policy level
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00320-00084144-00084391 we had in
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00321-00084392-00084775 2018 also the start of the work
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00322-00084776-00085031 by unesconon recommendation for open
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00323-00085032-00085262 science under the mandate of the member
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00324-00085263-00085682 state that took three years right today
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00325-00085683-00085847 2021
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00326-00085848-00086215 in november the
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00327-00086216-00086462 general conference of unesco
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00328-00086463-00086591 is
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00329-00086592-00086862 examining this recommendation to
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00330-00086863-00087191 vote on them in this very moment among
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00331-00087192-00087382 the many
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00332-00087383-00087503 items
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00333-00087504-00087711 that are present in this recommendation
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00334-00087712-00087871 for open science
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00335-00087872-00088103 i think two are particularly relevant
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00336-00088104-00088287 for us today
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00337-00088288-00088567 one is a remark of the importance of
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00338-00088568-00088791 open source for open science because it
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00339-00088792-00088975 allows to
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00340-00088976-00089382 study modify adapt and adopt
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00341-00089383-00089503 works
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00342-00089504-00089743 produced by fellow scientists and the
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00343-00089744-00089967 other is a remark that infrastructure
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00344-00089968-00090199 that support open science
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00345-00090200-00090423 should be organized and financed as
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00346-00090424-00090735 non-profit and long-term because this is
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00347-00090736-00090982 what is needed for
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00348-00090983-00091311 open science
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00349-00091312-00091543 moving now to europe
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00350-00091544-00091694 there is a
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00351-00091695-00092055 document produced by the european open
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00352-00092056-00092350 size cloud which is an initiative by
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00353-00092351-00092582 european commission to build
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00354-00092583-00092711 in in
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00355-00092712-00092911 network of infrastructure for open
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00356-00092912-00093079 science in europe
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00357-00093080-00093318 this referee is called the scholarly
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00358-00093319-00093559 infrastructure for research software
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00359-00093560-00093943 report was published in december 2020
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00360-00093944-00094303 it i had the pleasure to chair this
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00361-00094304-00094574 committee and bringing together nine
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00362-00094575-00094823 infrastructure archives open access
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00363-00094824-00095079 publishers aggregators
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00364-00095080-00095335 to study the status of infrastructure
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00365-00095336-00095438 for
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00366-00095439-00095574 supporting
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00367-00095575-00095862 research software in open science
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00368-00095863-00096071 and in this document you will find a
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00369-00096072-00096311 wealth of information and in particular
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00370-00096312-00096487 recommendations that include the
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00371-00096488-00096759 archival of all research software in
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00372-00096760-00096911 software heritage
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00373-00096912-00097167 using this software heritage identifier
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00374-00097168-00097479 that we will see in a few minutes
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00375-00097480-00097671 the recommendation to use open and
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00376-00097672-00097903 non-profit infrastructure you see this
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00377-00097904-00098143 is very similar to what unesco
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00378-00098144-00098431 recommendations actually contain already
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00379-00098432-00098647 and the recommendation to make all
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00380-00098648-00099006 research software open source by default
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00381-00099007-00099167 that is to say
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00382-00099168-00099479 to unless there are serious reasons not
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00383-00099480-00099567 to
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00384-00099568-00099782 make it open source and they must be
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00385-00099783-00099918 justified
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00386-00099919-00100215 research software should be open source
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00387-00100216-00100494 by default to allow reuse
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00388-00100495-00100647 by other
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00389-00100648-00100791 researchers
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00390-00100792-00101047 again here if you click on this link you
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00391-00101048-00101182 will find
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00392-00101183-00101479 the original document that you can study
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00393-00101480-00101687 in detail
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00394-00101688-00101999 now moving to france
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00395-00102000-00102359 very recently in april 2021 the french
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00396-00102360-00102639 prime minister distributed disseminated
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00397-00102640-00103015 a directive on data and code
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00398-00103016-00103182 that contains
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00399-00103183-00103439 significant uh
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00400-00103440-00103682 decision to push
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00401-00103683-00104142 forward in open policy on data algorithm
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00402-00104143-00104286 and code
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00403-00104288-00104494 in particular there is a recommendation
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00404-00104495-00104823 to state step-up efforts by all the
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00405-00104824-00105127 ministry to open up data from the public
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00406-00105128-00105343 administration which is available today
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00407-00105344-00105543 on data.google.com
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00408-00105544-00105799 to open by default the source code of
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00409-00105800-00105966 software which is produced by the
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00410-00105967-00106158 administration and received by
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00411-00106159-00106310 administration
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00412-00106311-00106566 and to foster this progress
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00413-00106567-00106823 it announced the creation of an open
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00414-00106824-00107039 source software mission that has been
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00415-00107040-00107334 established just a few weeks ago
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00416-00107335-00107702 and a network of officer whose goal is
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00417-00107703-00108127 to handle data algorithm encode policies
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00418-00108128-00108543 an early outcome of this kind of
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00419-00108544-00108807 vision in france on open source is the
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00420-00108808-00109047 fact that the source code of software
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00421-00109048-00109286 coming from the public sector is now
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00422-00109288-00109534 being actively archived
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00423-00109535-00109790 in the software heritage universal
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00424-00109791-00109951 archive
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00425-00109952-00110134 finally
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00426-00110135-00110575 last but not least in july on july 6
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00427-00110576-00110807 the ministry of research in france
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00428-00110808-00111127 unveiled the second national plan for
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00429-00111128-00111463 open science from the period 2021 to
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00430-00111464-00111671 2024
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00431-00111672-00111958 this plan contains a full section
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00432-00111959-00112223 dedicated to software research software
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00433-00112224-00112375 in particular
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00434-00112376-00112543 and with the
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00435-00112544-00112919 goal to promote the opening up and the
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00436-00112920-00113199 development of research software making
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00437-00113200-00113447 it available is open source
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00438-00113448-00113686 among the remarkable actions i do
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00439-00113688-00113958 encourage you to have a look at the
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00440-00113959-00114247 full document available here
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00441-00114248-00114471 there is a clear the work to create a
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00442-00114472-00114695 charter for the policy or research
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00443-00114696-00114807 software
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00444-00114808-00115110 to recognize software development in
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00445-00115111-00115383 particular through a
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00446-00115383-00115663 national price on open science which is
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00447-00115664-00115902 undergoing right now
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00448-00115903-00116078 there are provisions to create
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00449-00116079-00116254 communication
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00450-00116255-00116527 a community of practice and build the
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00451-00116528-00116815 connected ecosystem research outputs
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00452-00116816-00117031 and among the recommendations there are
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00453-00117032-00117310 precise directive to archiving software
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00454-00117311-00117510 heritage all the research software
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00455-00117511-00117839 produced in france to standardize the
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00456-00117840-00118023 software heritage identifier and to
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00457-00118024-00118254 promote their usage to build the
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00458-00118255-00118551 national catalogue research software
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00459-00118552-00118775 and to leverage the network of the
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00460-00118776-00118999 officer mentioned in the
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00461-00119000-00119207 directory of the prime minister we just
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00462-00119208-00119295 saw
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00463-00119296-00119523 in france these people are called the
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00464-00119524-00119871 adac for administrator the dunedin's
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00465-00119872-00120183 algorithm code i mean officer for data
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00466-00120183-00120399 algorithm and code
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00467-00120400-00120566 here too you can see the official
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00468-00120567-00120847 announcement
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00469-00120848-00120934 so
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00470-00120935-00121278 this provides you a view of how fast and
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00471-00121279-00121414 how far
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00472-00121415-00121695 progress is being made in europe and in
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00473-00121696-00121910 france into
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00474-00121911-00122143 raising awareness promoting the use of
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00475-00122144-00122343 open source software at all levels in
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00476-00122344-00122671 open science and in government
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00477-00122672-00122934 now the second part of my talk is about
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00478-00122935-00123223 the evolution of infrastructures
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00479-00123224-00123499 we have seen we need dedicated
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00480-00123500-00123654 infrastructures
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00481-00123655-00123943 for software source code able to collect
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00482-00123944-00124254 software for from everywhere to preserve
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00483-00124255-00124575 it and to make it available over time
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00484-00124576-00124783 but the good news is that one such
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00485-00124783-00125110 infrastructure is here today
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00486-00125111-00125358 it is called software retargeting it has
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00487-00125359-00125478 been
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00488-00125479-00125727 launched five years ago
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00489-00125728-00125975 we are celebrating five years this year
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00490-00125976-00126143 and there will be a special meeting at
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00491-00126144-00126310 unesco for this
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00492-00126311-00126486 next week
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00493-00126488-00126671 the mission of software reptage is
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00494-00126672-00126847 actually to collect
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00495-00126848-00127143 preserve and share the source code of
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00496-00127144-00127431 all software publicly available
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00497-00127432-00127639 on one side this is to preserve our
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00498-00127640-00127910 heritage because as we have seen source
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00499-00127911-00128183 code is part of our cultural heritage
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00500-00128183-00128423 but on the other side the goal is to
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00501-00128424-00128671 actually enable better software
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00502-00128672-00128895 development and better science for the
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00503-00128896-00129239 benefit of society as a whole
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00504-00129240-00129519 in a nutshell software energy provides a
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00505-00129520-00129847 reference catalog to find and reference
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00506-00129848-00130119 all software source code no matter where
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00507-00130120-00130327 it is among the
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00508-00130328-00130502 tons of different
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00509-00130503-00130686 software development and distribution
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00510-00130688-00130990 platforms that exist in the renewals
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00511-00130991-00131271 the second is to build an archive all
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00512-00131272-00131447 the software which is stored in south
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00513-00131448-00131687 asia is bound to be there will be
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00514-00131688-00131927 available can be indexed by and
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00515-00131928-00132135 identified by this
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00516-00132136-00132375 sort of azure identifier
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00517-00132376-00132766 last but not least this is also a first
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00518-00132767-00132927 building block
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00519-00132928-00133183 for a global research infrastructure
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00520-00133184-00133447 enabling us to study the evolution of
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00521-00133448-00133766 software source code
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00522-00133767-00134227 software heritage today contains over
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00523-00134228-00134487 160 million
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00524-00134488-00134823 projects and the source code files from
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00525-00134824-00135011 all this project are actually
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00526-00135012-00135247 deduplicated i mean we keep just one
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00527-00135248-00135511 copy if we can see many copy of the same
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00528-00135512-00135607 object
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00529-00135608-00135935 and this is this amounts to over 11
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00530-00135936-00136102 billion
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00531-00136103-00136199 unique
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00532-00136200-00136478 software source files they come from
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00533-00136479-00136719 different
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00534-00136720-00136927 code development and distribution
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00535-00136928-00137159 platform the most relevant are shown
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00536-00137160-00137247 here
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00537-00137248-00137727 and today this amounts to over 700
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00538-00137728-00137863 terabytes
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00539-00137864-00138111 of uncompressed data
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00540-00138112-00138190 and
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00541-00138191-00138454 as a graph globally because we keep
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00542-00138455-00138702 track not only of the source code
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00543-00138703-00138951 but also of all the versions which are
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00544-00138952-00139214 called committing technical patterns
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00545-00139215-00139407 and all the history of development of
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00546-00139408-00139654 the software and this created gigantic
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00547-00139655-00140054 graph with over 20 billion nodes and 200
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00548-00140055-00140366 billion edges
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00549-00140367-00140671 each of the software artifacts which are
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00550-00140672-00140854 stored in the archive
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00551-00140855-00141190 is associated to unique identifier which
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00552-00141191-00141423 is basically a hash
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00553-00141424-00141654 computed from the software component
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00554-00141655-00141823 itself
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00555-00141824-00142102 these identifiers have a simple
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00556-00142103-00142478 structure in four parts the prefix swh
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00557-00142479-00142814 that tells us it is a software heritage
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00558-00142815-00142975 identifiers
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00559-00142976-00143263 a number which gives us a schema version
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00560-00143264-00143535 because the schema can evolve over time
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00561-00143536-00143814 a tag that tells us what is the object
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00562-00143815-00144054 that is identified and you may have many
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00563-00144055-00144335 kind of objects a file content a
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00564-00144336-00144614 directory a revision a release a
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00565-00144615-00144743 snapshot
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00566-00144744-00145087 and finally the hash itself which is
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00567-00145088-00145302 computed from a file
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00568-00145303-00145566 in a natural way or if it is direct
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00569-00145567-00145807 revision release or snapshot by applying
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00570-00145808-00146119 a technique which is known as a miracle
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00571-00146120-00146487 tree construction today
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00572-00146488-00146719 these identifiers can also be equipped
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00573-00146720-00146983 with qualifiers that are very helpful to
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00574-00146984-00147166 annotate
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00575-00147167-00147551 an artifact to know where it was found
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00576-00147552-00147743 what lines of code if it is a file
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00577-00147744-00148007 content are relevant what is the file
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00578-00148008-00148287 name or the path
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00579-00148288-00148575 relative to a particular revision and
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00580-00148576-00148990 even what is the state of the repository
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00581-00148991-00149151 when it has been
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00582-00149152-00149351 archived
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00583-00149352-00149623 this is an emerging standard it is now
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00584-00149624-00149895 mentioned in the saw linux foundation's
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00585-00149896-00150135 software package data exchange version 2
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00586-00150136-00150214 2
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00587-00150215-00150478 the prefix is registered with ienr and
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00588-00150479-00150687 there is a wikidata property in the
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00589-00150688-00150878 corresponds to it
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00590-00150879-00151135 i do encourage you to actually click on
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00591-00151136-00151375 these blue links on the slides that will
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00592-00151376-00151695 be made available after the presentation
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00593-00151696-00151975 so that you can actually see how these
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00594-00151976-00152254 identifiers together with software
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00595-00152255-00152454 editors allows you
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00596-00152455-00152599 to get to
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00597-00152600-00152926 a beautiful view and access to software
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00598-00152927-00153239 source code including the accept of
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00599-00153240-00153463 source code and this will bring you to
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00600-00153464-00153671 exactly the same source code you have
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00601-00153672-00153863 seen in the first slide of my
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00602-00153864-00154239 presentation
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00603-00154240-00154383 software is a revolutionary
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00604-00154384-00154583 infrastructure for software source code
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00605-00154584-00154775 for many reasons and here are two of
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00606-00154776-00154854 them
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00607-00154855-00155087 first of all we really keep all the
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00608-00155088-00155351 graph of software development
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00609-00155352-00155543 all the software developing in the world
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00610-00155544-00155766 in a single graph that allows you to
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00611-00155767-00156023 trace the origin and the evolution of
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00612-00156024-00156254 every single piece of source code out
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00613-00156255-00156375 there
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00614-00156376-00156543 this is very important because it
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00615-00156544-00156799 provides us an archive that preserve all
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00616-00156800-00157023 open source software ensure that you
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00617-00157024-00157271 will have access to the exact version of
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00618-00157272-00157511 the source code which is relevant for
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00619-00157512-00157719 you when you need it
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00620-00157720-00157983 and also because this is not any graph
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00621-00157984-00158287 but it is a numerical graph that uses
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00622-00158288-00158607 cryptographic identifier we also have a
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00623-00158608-00158863 sort of blockchain not a full but the
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00624-00158864-00159031 sort of blockchain or software
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00625-00159032-00159159 development
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00626-00159160-00159390 these cryptographic identifiers the
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00627-00159391-00159607 software heritage identifiers are
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00628-00159608-00159871 essential complements to the sorter
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00629-00159872-00160102 build of materials because they provide
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00630-00160103-00160390 you with a traceability which is trusted
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00631-00160391-00160647 and there are over 20 billion artifacts
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00632-00160648-00160966 already which are identified this way in
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00633-00160967-00161607 the software heritage archive
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00634-00161608-00161783 well this was a
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00635-00161784-00161926 a a
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00636-00161927-00162214 very short very dense overview of what
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00637-00162215-00162439 software heritage actually is and tries
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00638-00162440-00162535 to do
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00639-00162536-00162790 mostly on the technical side let me
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00640-00162791-00163071 provide you now an overview of our
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00641-00163072-00163343 vision at the policy and organizational
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00642-00163344-00163478 level
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00643-00163479-00163735 sortrature is not the company is not the
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00644-00163736-00163935 start but it's not here to sell a
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00645-00163936-00164211 product to anybody it is actually an
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00646-00164212-00164575 infrastructure an open non-profit
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00647-00164576-00164807 international initiative to build a
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00648-00164808-00165119 long-term infrastructure at the service
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00649-00165120-00165302 of all of mankind
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00650-00165303-00165575 in doing this we are sharing our vision
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00651-00165576-00165678 and
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00652-00165679-00165926 have set up a partnership with unesco
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00653-00165927-00166175 five years ago it will be renewed in a
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00654-00166176-00166359 meeting next week
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00655-00166360-00166535 and we have the support of many
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00656-00166536-00166695 organizations
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00657-00166696-00167047 but besides that we also count on donors
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00658-00167048-00167295 members and sponsor to support the
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00659-00167296-00167551 day-to-day cost and the growth of this
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00660-00167552-00167790 incredible universal archive that is an
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00661-00167791-00168071 infrastructure the service to everybody
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00662-00168072-00168407 first of all india is the national
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00663-00168408-00168671 research center dedicated to computer
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00664-00168672-00168943 science and applied mathematics in
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00665-00168944-00169159 france started to support this
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00666-00169160-00169423 initiative over five years ago and
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00667-00169424-00169671 slowly over time
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00668-00169672-00169919 many other partners have decided to come
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00669-00169920-00170063 on board
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00670-00170064-00170375 as you see in this short overview you
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00671-00170376-00170551 have private companies you have
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00672-00170552-00170783 government entities you have academia
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00673-00170784-00171063 you have any kind of organization
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00674-00171064-00171319 and it is very important to have more
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00675-00171320-00171583 coming on board to share the cost of
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00676-00171584-00171790 building the infrastructure and share
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00677-00171791-00171926 the privilege
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00678-00171927-00172014 of
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00679-00172015-00172247 steering it towards its long-term
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00680-00172248-00172351 mission
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00681-00172352-00172543 if you want to join
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00682-00172544-00172735 it is very easy you can find all the
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00683-00172736-00172902 details of the sponsorship and
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00684-00172903-00173238 membership program in this link here and
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00685-00173239-00173438 feel free to contact me if you want to
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00686-00173439-00173683 know more
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00687-00173684-00173999 well to conclude them
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00688-00174000-00174143 let me say
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00689-00174144-00174438 that the road ahead is is still long but
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00690-00174439-00174807 we are really set in the right direction
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00691-00174808-00175054 from the policy side we see a clear
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00692-00175055-00175407 evolution that puts open source squarely
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00693-00175408-00175623 at the center of attention for open
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00694-00175624-00175895 science and open government
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00695-00175896-00176038 we also see
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00696-00176039-00176311 open source and in particular tools and
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00697-00176312-00176566 infrastructure to track our open source
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00698-00176567-00176711 at the center
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00699-00176712-00177038 of our focus when we are talking about
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00700-00177039-00177287 cyber security today
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00701-00177288-00177543 and i will not be i would not be
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00702-00177544-00177719 surprised to see
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00703-00177720-00177871 in a
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00704-00177872-00178159 not very distant future regulations on
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00705-00178160-00178295 directive
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00706-00178296-00178375 that
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00707-00178376-00178623 requires open source software to be
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00708-00178624-00178831 actually properly archived and
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00709-00178832-00179151 referenced in build of materials to
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00710-00179152-00179431 ensure that we have a better quality of
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00711-00179432-00179678 the software system we all rely upon
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00712-00179679-00179799 today
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00713-00179800-00180071 from the infrastructure point of view we
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00714-00180072-00180423 also see a real groundbreaking change
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00715-00180424-00180599 with the rival of software heritage
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00716-00180600-00180847 which is building this global open
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00717-00180848-00181199 shared platform to archive all sorts of
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00718-00181200-00181526 source code and here it is important to
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00719-00181527-00181863 have more and more organization industry
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00720-00181864-00182254 people joining us and make this work
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00721-00182255-00182599 well this is a was a
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00722-00182600-00182807 basically the kind of information
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00723-00182808-00183071 message i wanted to share with you today
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00724-00183072-00183287 i think i will stop here and we'll be
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00725-00183288-00183495 more than happy to take any questions
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00726-00183496-00183695 you may have thank you for your
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00727-00183696-00184871 attention
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00728-00184872-00186590 germany
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00729-00186591-00186823 can you hear me
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00730-00186824-00187031 yes i can hear you very well can you
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00732-00191936-00192150 so here's the first question
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00733-00192151-00192599 most europe oem as luna volkswagen and
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00734-00192600-00192702 audi
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00735-00192703-00193138 has not allowed to use gv lv3 and
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00736-00193139-00193495 lgpl3 to international tr1
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00737-00193496-00193735 that is because they are not confirmed
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00738-00193736-00193975 for system hacking issues
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00739-00193976-00194271 but in the linux environment for example
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00740-00194272-00194559 batch program as version 4
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00741-00194560-00194775 is gplv3
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00742-00194776-00195014 so tier one should be downgraded from
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00743-00195015-00195326 four to three
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00744-00195327-00195614 batch version four has the critical
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00745-00195615-00195887 software weakness points as a shell
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00746-00195888-00196031 shock
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00747-00196032-00196175 so
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00748-00196176-00196447 open source software license and
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00749-00196448-00196814 software security is opposite each other
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00750-00196815-00197047 we want to know your opinion about how
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00751-00197048-00197343 to reduce any gap between prohibited
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00752-00197344-00197663 officer software license by oem
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00753-00197664-00198087 and the software security
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00754-00198088-00198390 well okay thank you for this it is a
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00755-00198391-00198663 very interesting question
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00756-00198664-00198943 it goes back to the
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00757-00198944-00199247 older issue of
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00758-00199248-00199383 basically
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00759-00199384-00199654 what i would call security by
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00760-00199655-00199950 obscurity if i understand well the
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00761-00199951-00200302 question
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00762-00200303-00200583 if you want to keep a system secure
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00763-00200584-00200926 there are basically two approaches
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00764-00200927-00201271 one is to hide completely the source
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00765-00201272-00201607 code do not allow anybody to access it
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00766-00201608-00201863 or to modify it only authorized people
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00767-00201864-00202014 can do it
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00768-00202015-00202295 this way you may hope to
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00769-00202296-00202414 [Music]
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00770-00202415-00202519 hide
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00771-00202520-00202702 any bugs
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00772-00202703-00202807 to
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00773-00202808-00203071 hide the vulnerabilities
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00774-00203072-00203311 because nobody can look at the source
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00775-00203312-00203495 code
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00776-00203496-00203887 in practice it doesn't work very well
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00777-00203888-00204199 vulnerabilities and bugs can be found
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00778-00204200-00204471 even directly on the binaries even
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00779-00204472-00204671 without the source code
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00780-00204672-00204982 and there are tons of vulnerabilities
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00781-00204983-00205119 and bugs
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00782-00205119-00205503 around for proprietary sort in general
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00783-00205504-00205671 the other approach
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00784-00205671-00205758 is
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00785-00205759-00206046 go the open source way
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00786-00206048-00206134 and
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00787-00206135-00206455 this means making the source the source
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00788-00206456-00206719 code available to everybody
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00789-00206719-00207055 to contribute and to inspect
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00790-00207056-00207310 this means that it will be easier to
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00791-00207311-00207598 find vulnerabilities so yes we are
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00792-00207600-00207846 making the attacker's life
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00793-00207848-00207975 easier
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00794-00207976-00208319 but will also be possible to rely on a
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00795-00208319-00208606 larger community
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00796-00208607-00209031 to identify the same bugs and fix them
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00797-00209032-00209310 better than what a single company could
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00798-00209311-00209438 do
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00799-00209439-00209662 so this second approach
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00800-00209663-00210063 may work very well for security
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00801-00210064-00210167 if
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00802-00210167-00210367 you have a large
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00803-00210367-00210719 active community that is
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00804-00210719-00210967 competent and can actually
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00805-00210967-00211223 fix the mistakes
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00806-00211223-00211391 quickly
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00807-00211392-00211655 and the experience we have over the past
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00808-00211656-00211903 decades is that this open source
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00809-00211904-00212142 approach can work well
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00810-00212144-00212494 but only if you have a broad community
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00811-00212496-00212758 around it which is competent and
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00812-00212759-00213094 reactive so this is not a matter of
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00813-00213096-00213303 license
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00814-00213304-00213623 it is a matter of process
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00815-00213623-00213734 and again
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00816-00213735-00214039 we know this very well security is a
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00817-00214040-00214223 process issue
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00818-00214223-00214310 okay
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00819-00214311-00214663 because a system is as weak as the
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00820-00214664-00214934 weakest part of it
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00821-00214935-00215142 i wouldn't
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00822-00215144-00215494 support the idea that security is just a
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00824-00223587-00225375 [Music]
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00825-00225376-00226487 foreign
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00826-00226488-00226831 this is thank you for your answer and
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00827-00226832-00227191 thank you for having your time
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00828-00227192-00227479 okay thank you for having me here and
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00829-00227480-00227742 had a good conference all of you
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00830-00227744-00228039 sorry for not being there in person
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00831-00228040-00230615 thank you the european commission
+hBC7PEVWZMI-00832-00230616-00230916 foreign
+hBaaGOvswt0-00000-00000020-00000630 [Music]
+hBaaGOvswt0-00001-00000631-00000931 thank you
+hDauQxtCX20-00000-00000791-00000950 mr good leonard thank you so much for
+hDauQxtCX20-00001-00000951-00001119 joining us in doha for our connect
+hDauQxtCX20-00002-00001120-00001278 speakers event and first we'd like to
+hDauQxtCX20-00003-00001279-00001423 know more about you and the books you've
+hDauQxtCX20-00004-00001424-00001574 written just for for those from the
+hDauQxtCX20-00005-00001575-00001782 middle east who don't know about okay
+hDauQxtCX20-00006-00001784-00002030 yeah so i work as a futurist
+hDauQxtCX20-00007-00002032-00002295 i focus on media technology content
+hDauQxtCX20-00008-00002296-00002455 communications branding you know that
+hDauQxtCX20-00009-00002456-00002591 sort of area
+hDauQxtCX20-00010-00002592-00002791 and telecom of course
+hDauQxtCX20-00011-00002792-00002942 i have a company called the futures
+hDauQxtCX20-00012-00002943-00003150 agency and what we do is we help our
+hDauQxtCX20-00013-00003151-00003390 clients to understand if that's possible
+hDauQxtCX20-00014-00003392-00003622 the future the next three to five years
+hDauQxtCX20-00015-00003623-00003759 and basically
+hDauQxtCX20-00016-00003760-00004006 reinvent themselves or solve large
+hDauQxtCX20-00017-00004007-00004183 problems that they may have right so
+hDauQxtCX20-00018-00004184-00004359 many ways we do
+hDauQxtCX20-00019-00004360-00004511 what clients should be doing themselves
+hDauQxtCX20-00020-00004512-00004654 but they don't really have the time for
+hDauQxtCX20-00021-00004655-00004919 or the enough of the space right to
+hDauQxtCX20-00022-00004920-00005118 actually analyze the future and bring it
+hDauQxtCX20-00023-00005119-00005263 in and think about it
+hDauQxtCX20-00024-00005264-00005383 so we're interested to know about the
+hDauQxtCX20-00025-00005384-00005559 think tanks you do what kind of
+hDauQxtCX20-00026-00005560-00005735 activities do you do and what are the
+hDauQxtCX20-00027-00005736-00005983 outcomes you've come across until now
+hDauQxtCX20-00028-00005984-00006118 well for the think tanks what we do is
+hDauQxtCX20-00029-00006119-00006318 we try to completely disrupt
+hDauQxtCX20-00030-00006319-00006503 the current thought process and the
+hDauQxtCX20-00031-00006504-00006695 current assumptions because the problem
+hDauQxtCX20-00032-00006695-00006903 is that most of we work with about 100
+hDauQxtCX20-00033-00006904-00007134 companies including the likes of nokia
+hDauQxtCX20-00034-00007136-00007319 and and
+hDauQxtCX20-00035-00007320-00007559 advertising agencies and and and so on
+hDauQxtCX20-00036-00007559-00007751 technology companies uh and of course
+hDauQxtCX20-00037-00007752-00007967 operators like mtn in south africa and
+hDauQxtCX20-00038-00007968-00008151 so on uh
+hDauQxtCX20-00039-00008152-00008319 a lot of companies have a problem is
+hDauQxtCX20-00040-00008320-00008551 that they are assuming that things are a
+hDauQxtCX20-00041-00008552-00008814 certain way and that was probably true
+hDauQxtCX20-00042-00008815-00008991 you know 10 years ago whenever
+hDauQxtCX20-00043-00008992-00009159 but today they have to rethink right so
+hDauQxtCX20-00044-00009160-00009391 we question their assumptions we have a
+hDauQxtCX20-00045-00009392-00009583 method called the disruption experience
+hDauQxtCX20-00046-00009584-00009823 where we try to disrupt what they think
+hDauQxtCX20-00047-00009824-00010046 right and then to bring in new things so
+hDauQxtCX20-00048-00010047-00010255 we have interventions and provocations
+hDauQxtCX20-00049-00010256-00010527 by speakers and then we do scenarios we
+hDauQxtCX20-00050-00010528-00010759 do role plays of what if
+hDauQxtCX20-00051-00010760-00010983 and basically after two or three days of
+hDauQxtCX20-00052-00010984-00011183 that sometimes it's one day or two or
+hDauQxtCX20-00053-00011184-00011263 three
+hDauQxtCX20-00054-00011264-00011423 you come out the other end saying okay
+hDauQxtCX20-00055-00011424-00011567 now i understand that things are
+hDauQxtCX20-00056-00011568-00011670 different
+hDauQxtCX20-00057-00011671-00011838 i understand what may be coming and
+hDauQxtCX20-00058-00011839-00012023 because of that i'm going to take this
+hDauQxtCX20-00059-00012024-00012127 action
+hDauQxtCX20-00060-00012128-00012287 right so we don't start with sort of
+hDauQxtCX20-00061-00012288-00012455 it's not just an intellectual process
+hDauQxtCX20-00062-00012456-00012735 right understanding isn't isn't about
+hDauQxtCX20-00063-00012736-00013038 data right it's about feeling intuition
+hDauQxtCX20-00064-00013039-00013230 it's about understanding understanding
+hDauQxtCX20-00065-00013231-00013463 is not the same than data right so
+hDauQxtCX20-00066-00013463-00013583 that's what we're trying to do with our
+hDauQxtCX20-00067-00013584-00013815 clients and you find resistance to
+hDauQxtCX20-00068-00013816-00013983 some of these disruptive ideas and how
+hDauQxtCX20-00069-00013984-00014158 do you manage that how do you manage the
+hDauQxtCX20-00070-00014159-00014375 resistance that you find well our
+hDauQxtCX20-00071-00014376-00014543 clients are always starting at the point
+hDauQxtCX20-00072-00014544-00014711 where they're ready to be disrupted you
+hDauQxtCX20-00073-00014712-00014871 know because they see the benefit of it
+hDauQxtCX20-00074-00014872-00015071 right i mean if you're so comfortable
+hDauQxtCX20-00075-00015072-00015222 that you don't feel like you have to do
+hDauQxtCX20-00076-00015223-00015407 anything you wouldn't do this workshop
+hDauQxtCX20-00077-00015408-00015494 right
+hDauQxtCX20-00078-00015495-00015686 you wouldn't do this think tank but
+hDauQxtCX20-00079-00015687-00015975 basically the um
+hDauQxtCX20-00080-00015976-00016263 the need to feel sort of to go outside
+hDauQxtCX20-00081-00016263-00016503 of the current place of comfort is
+hDauQxtCX20-00082-00016504-00016686 crucial otherwise you don't have
+hDauQxtCX20-00083-00016687-00016807 innovation because you're always going
+hDauQxtCX20-00084-00016808-00017007 to turn around in circles and only put
+hDauQxtCX20-00085-00017008-00017167 band-aids you know
+hDauQxtCX20-00086-00017168-00017367 so what's your definition of a futurist
+hDauQxtCX20-00087-00017368-00017535 what's that concept for those who don't
+hDauQxtCX20-00088-00017536-00017743 really know what it means well there's
+hDauQxtCX20-00089-00017744-00017894 lots of different kinds of futurists
+hDauQxtCX20-00090-00017895-00018079 right but basically my definition is
+hDauQxtCX20-00091-00018080-00018214 it's about foresight it's not about
+hDauQxtCX20-00092-00018215-00018439 prediction it's not about nostradamus
+hDauQxtCX20-00093-00018440-00018614 you know looking in the bowl seeing this
+hDauQxtCX20-00094-00018615-00018863 it's about basically uh
+hDauQxtCX20-00095-00018864-00019094 listening to what's going on
+hDauQxtCX20-00096-00019095-00019263 and compiling it and drawing a
+hDauQxtCX20-00097-00019264-00019383 conclusion
+hDauQxtCX20-00098-00019384-00019679 where you can say clearly in in 10 years
+hDauQxtCX20-00099-00019680-00019783 people are going to stop printing
+hDauQxtCX20-00100-00019784-00019919 newspapers
+hDauQxtCX20-00101-00019920-00020127 right if that's the prediction or the
+hDauQxtCX20-00102-00020128-00020255 foresight
+hDauQxtCX20-00103-00020256-00020407 it's about foresight and about
+hDauQxtCX20-00104-00020408-00020735 reasonable scenarios that can explain um
+hDauQxtCX20-00105-00020736-00020886 what sort of a preferred i call a
+hDauQxtCX20-00106-00020887-00021111 preferred future would look like
+hDauQxtCX20-00107-00021112-00021255 so it's not about predictions it's
+hDauQxtCX20-00108-00021256-00021478 really about understanding listening
+hDauQxtCX20-00109-00021479-00021647 and creating scenarios
+hDauQxtCX20-00110-00021648-00021799 so part of your writings were focused on
+hDauQxtCX20-00111-00021800-00021975 the music industry so how do you see the
+hDauQxtCX20-00112-00021976-00022358 future of the music industry from now on
+hDauQxtCX20-00113-00022359-00022503 there really isn't much of a music
+hDauQxtCX20-00114-00022504-00022678 industry anymore it's completely merged
+hDauQxtCX20-00115-00022679-00022911 with media games
+hDauQxtCX20-00116-00022912-00023111 publishing right uh and of course
+hDauQxtCX20-00117-00023112-00023294 television right so
+hDauQxtCX20-00118-00023295-00023503 the music industry as a recorded music
+hDauQxtCX20-00119-00023504-00023758 industry you know cds downloads is is is
+hDauQxtCX20-00120-00023759-00024071 over right we're now in a in an industry
+hDauQxtCX20-00121-00024072-00024271 that's about about music on a much
+hDauQxtCX20-00122-00024272-00024542 larger scale clicks downloads streams
+hDauQxtCX20-00123-00024543-00024799 subscriptions branding
+hDauQxtCX20-00124-00024800-00024991 money being made from 20 different ways
+hDauQxtCX20-00125-00024992-00025175 right so music is now part of the
+hDauQxtCX20-00126-00025176-00025407 overall media landscape converging of
+hDauQxtCX20-00127-00025408-00025575 course with the internet
+hDauQxtCX20-00128-00025576-00025783 so i have great hopes for the new as i
+hDauQxtCX20-00129-00025783-00025999 call it music 2.0
+hDauQxtCX20-00130-00026000-00026167 because i think there's more arches
+hDauQxtCX20-00131-00026168-00026311 there's more great music there's more
+hDauQxtCX20-00132-00026312-00026423 interest
+hDauQxtCX20-00133-00026424-00026599 you know i think we just need to let go
+hDauQxtCX20-00134-00026600-00026918 of this idea of selling copies okay how
+hDauQxtCX20-00135-00026919-00027223 do you see privacy uh now and and later
+hDauQxtCX20-00136-00027224-00027535 on do you think it will do we really
+hDauQxtCX20-00137-00027536-00027646 maybe in the presence of social
+hDauQxtCX20-00138-00027647-00027911 networking do will privacy coincide with
+hDauQxtCX20-00139-00027912-00028111 it or will we will we be no longer
+hDauQxtCX20-00140-00028112-00028262 discussing something called privacy when
+hDauQxtCX20-00141-00028263-00028455 we when everything could be public i
+hDauQxtCX20-00142-00028456-00028702 think it's a bit of an old uh an old
+hDauQxtCX20-00143-00028704-00028846 style term for something that we're
+hDauQxtCX20-00144-00028847-00029070 seeing on the web now is
+hDauQxtCX20-00145-00029072-00029223 if you're going to open up to new
+hDauQxtCX20-00146-00029224-00029543 conversations to new people and to us
+hDauQxtCX20-00147-00029544-00029807 you know discovery you can't be closed
+hDauQxtCX20-00148-00029808-00030007 at the same time right so if you want to
+hDauQxtCX20-00149-00030008-00030167 be completely private then you're also
+hDauQxtCX20-00150-00030168-00030302 lonely right
+hDauQxtCX20-00151-00030303-00030527 i mean that that's and on the web we can
+hDauQxtCX20-00152-00030527-00030846 be really spectacularly public
+hDauQxtCX20-00153-00030847-00030990 and then we can't go back and say we
+hDauQxtCX20-00154-00030991-00031127 want to keep the good part but not the
+hDauQxtCX20-00155-00031127-00031295 bad part right
+hDauQxtCX20-00156-00031295-00031527 so the reality is that
+hDauQxtCX20-00157-00031527-00031799 our default is now public
+hDauQxtCX20-00158-00031800-00032046 and that's hard
+hDauQxtCX20-00159-00032047-00032223 i choose to be private then you have to
+hDauQxtCX20-00160-00032224-00032527 do something so i think that we need to
+hDauQxtCX20-00161-00032527-00032695 live with this whole new kind of
+hDauQxtCX20-00162-00032695-00032911 responsibility when we're open and
+hDauQxtCX20-00163-00032912-00033102 connected what does it do
+hDauQxtCX20-00164-00033103-00033271 we can't take the benefit without the
+hDauQxtCX20-00165-00033272-00033390 risk right
+hDauQxtCX20-00166-00033391-00033662 but clearly the risk of being completely
+hDauQxtCX20-00167-00033663-00033855 private is much bigger than being the
+hDauQxtCX20-00168-00033856-00034039 risk of being completely open that's my
+hDauQxtCX20-00169-00034040-00034167 view
+hDauQxtCX20-00170-00034168-00034311 having said that however i think there
+hDauQxtCX20-00171-00034312-00034479 need to be provisions for everybody to
+hDauQxtCX20-00172-00034480-00034655 do as they want to do
+hDauQxtCX20-00173-00034656-00034855 right so the providers have to provide
+hDauQxtCX20-00174-00034856-00035135 us with the power to do to reset
+hDauQxtCX20-00175-00035136-00035374 and to erase
+hDauQxtCX20-00176-00035375-00035567 that's not an easy question
+hDauQxtCX20-00177-00035568-00035751 thing to ask to ask for but it has to be
+hDauQxtCX20-00178-00035752-00035855 there
+hDauQxtCX20-00179-00035856-00036087 so where do you think the
+hDauQxtCX20-00180-00036088-00036311 advertising money is going in the future
+hDauQxtCX20-00181-00036312-00036471 and how is the expenditure going
+hDauQxtCX20-00182-00036472-00036711 changing from maybe the past and now
+hDauQxtCX20-00183-00036712-00036943 yeah advertisers i mean the big trend in
+hDauQxtCX20-00184-00036944-00037159 advertising really quite simple is that
+hDauQxtCX20-00185-00037160-00037295 advertising used to be based on
+hDauQxtCX20-00186-00037296-00037567 disruption you know making as much noise
+hDauQxtCX20-00187-00037568-00037846 as possible so you notice me right now
+hDauQxtCX20-00188-00037847-00038023 advertising is based on meaning
+hDauQxtCX20-00189-00038024-00038327 relevance context and wanting to see it
+hDauQxtCX20-00190-00038328-00038559 right on interest
+hDauQxtCX20-00191-00038560-00038807 and digital media can provide clearly a
+hDauQxtCX20-00192-00038808-00039007 point of saying it's a perfect match
+hDauQxtCX20-00193-00039008-00039190 with this profile there's an opt-in
+hDauQxtCX20-00194-00039191-00039390 there's a location looks like it's like
+hDauQxtCX20-00195-00039391-00039590 a dream come true for advertisers i
+hDauQxtCX20-00196-00039591-00039727 think the trillion dollars that are
+hDauQxtCX20-00197-00039728-00040015 currently being spent on half for stuff
+hDauQxtCX20-00198-00040016-00040167 that you don't know what it does and
+hDauQxtCX20-00199-00040168-00040455 half for use for meaningful stuff right
+hDauQxtCX20-00200-00040456-00040646 a third of that money will shift towards
+hDauQxtCX20-00201-00040647-00040918 digital social interactive video
+hDauQxtCX20-00202-00040919-00041207 advertising completely targeted so a
+hDauQxtCX20-00203-00041208-00041390 huge amount of money shifting away from
+hDauQxtCX20-00204-00041391-00041702 television radio print towards
+hDauQxtCX20-00205-00041703-00041823 interactive but of course then they're
+hDauQxtCX20-00206-00041824-00042118 converging so it's not quite as bad
+hDauQxtCX20-00207-00042119-00042287 so my last question they say privacy is
+hDauQxtCX20-00208-00042288-00042511 unmet demand and others maybe call it a
+hDauQxtCX20-00209-00042512-00042671 business model so what's your take on
+hDauQxtCX20-00210-00042672-00042807 that
+hDauQxtCX20-00211-00042808-00043007 well i mean clearly the the question of
+hDauQxtCX20-00212-00043008-00043143 what you can do with digital
+hDauQxtCX20-00213-00043144-00043399 connectivity uh the more you connect the
+hDauQxtCX20-00214-00043400-00043543 more stuff you're going to do with it
+hDauQxtCX20-00215-00043544-00043687 right
+hDauQxtCX20-00216-00043688-00043855 and the internet is an open platform at
+hDauQxtCX20-00217-00043856-00044079 this time at least so what that means is
+hDauQxtCX20-00218-00044080-00044239 we can't really do anything about the
+hDauQxtCX20-00219-00044240-00044430 distribution of copies
+hDauQxtCX20-00220-00044431-00044607 we need to find new ways to monetize
+hDauQxtCX20-00221-00044608-00044830 that process right so what's happening
+hDauQxtCX20-00222-00044831-00045127 with the web is that about 99.9 percent
+hDauQxtCX20-00223-00045128-00045415 of these activities of kids or of anyone
+hDauQxtCX20-00224-00045416-00045695 really they're not evil or
+hDauQxtCX20-00225-00045696-00045935 they're not intended to cause damage
+hDauQxtCX20-00226-00045936-00046127 there because i can't get it any other
+hDauQxtCX20-00227-00046128-00046327 way that i want to get it
+hDauQxtCX20-00228-00046328-00046551 so if i want to listen to music on a on
+hDauQxtCX20-00229-00046552-00046807 a streaming network right
+hDauQxtCX20-00230-00046808-00046951 probably have to do it illegally now
+hDauQxtCX20-00231-00046952-00047167 because i can't log in here i don't have
+hDauQxtCX20-00232-00047168-00047358 itunes in qatar so i'm home i'm going to
+hDauQxtCX20-00233-00047359-00047574 listen right so if i don't satisfy
+hDauQxtCX20-00234-00047575-00047862 demand people will find other ways
+hDauQxtCX20-00235-00047863-00048207 or if i satisfy demand at very high cost
+hDauQxtCX20-00236-00048208-00048446 that really people don't like i create
+hDauQxtCX20-00237-00048447-00048615 demand for piracy
+hDauQxtCX20-00238-00048616-00048927 dvd region coding created piracy right
+hDauQxtCX20-00239-00048928-00049174 as a result so that's why piracy is
+hDauQxtCX20-00240-00049175-00049367 largely unmet demand except of course
+hDauQxtCX20-00241-00049368-00049567 for the commercial pirates
+hDauQxtCX20-00242-00049568-00049758 okay thanks a lot for this insightful
+hDauQxtCX20-00243-00049759-00049902 interview and we wish to see you again
+hDauQxtCX20-00244-00049903-00050240 in doha soon thank you
+hEad-8v4M9c-00000-00000000-00000457 live from Las Vegas it's the cute
+hEad-8v4M9c-00001-00000458-00000794 covering service now knowledge 2018
+hEad-8v4M9c-00002-00000795-00001349 brought to you by ServiceNow welcome
+hEad-8v4M9c-00003-00001350-00001507 back to Las Vegas everybody this is the
+hEad-8v4M9c-00004-00001508-00001693 cube the leader in live tech coverage we
+hEad-8v4M9c-00005-00001694-00001829 go out to the events and we extract the
+hEad-8v4M9c-00006-00001830-00002077 signal from the noise this is day three
+hEad-8v4M9c-00007-00002078-00002441 of ServiceNow knowledge k18 the hashtag
+hEad-8v4M9c-00008-00002442-00002621 is no 18 I'm Dave Volante with my
+hEad-8v4M9c-00009-00002622-00002873 co-host Jeff Frick Chris Anderson is
+hEad-8v4M9c-00010-00002874-00003016 here she's the managing director of
+hEad-8v4M9c-00011-00003017-00003251 Deloitte running the telecommunications
+hEad-8v4M9c-00012-00003252-00003586 media and Technology practice welcome to
+hEad-8v4M9c-00013-00003588-00003715 the cube thanks for coming on thank you
+hEad-8v4M9c-00014-00003717-00003910 so much glad to be here so Deloitte
+hEad-8v4M9c-00015-00003911-00004103 awesome company we had some of your
+hEad-8v4M9c-00016-00004104-00004310 colleagues on on earlier you guys have
+hEad-8v4M9c-00017-00004311-00004592 deep industry expertise global scale
+hEad-8v4M9c-00018-00004593-00004910 leading digital transformations first of
+hEad-8v4M9c-00019-00004911-00005138 all what's your role and let's get into
+hEad-8v4M9c-00020-00005139-00005152 it
+hEad-8v4M9c-00021-00005153-00005411 sure so I I work in as you mentioned our
+hEad-8v4M9c-00022-00005412-00005615 TMT practice full of acronyms right
+hEad-8v4M9c-00023-00005616-00005822 mostly focused in the telecom space and
+hEad-8v4M9c-00024-00005823-00005942 I've been in the telecom space for about
+hEad-8v4M9c-00025-00005943-00006136 20 years right and really driving
+hEad-8v4M9c-00026-00006137-00006370 large-scale transformation of the
+hEad-8v4M9c-00027-00006371-00006514 operations how do we make the business
+hEad-8v4M9c-00028-00006515-00006719 more effective how do we improve the
+hEad-8v4M9c-00029-00006720-00006914 overall customer experience right and
+hEad-8v4M9c-00030-00006915-00007073 how do we make that make sure that as
+hEad-8v4M9c-00031-00007073-00007316 new technology comes online in telcos
+hEad-8v4M9c-00032-00007317-00007517 that that's seamless to customers and
+hEad-8v4M9c-00033-00007518-00007691 they don't feel the disruption if you
+hEad-8v4M9c-00034-00007692-00007820 will right up the large leaps that
+hEad-8v4M9c-00035-00007820-00008003 telcos are making well so help us
+hEad-8v4M9c-00036-00008004-00008324 understand the basics of telco you've
+hEad-8v4M9c-00037-00008325-00008591 got cost per bit coming down you got
+hEad-8v4M9c-00038-00008592-00008726 data growing like crazy
+hEad-8v4M9c-00039-00008727-00008930 you have over-the-top providers just
+hEad-8v4M9c-00040-00008931-00009170 bogarting the network telco
+hEad-8v4M9c-00041-00009171-00009656 infrastructure is fossilized Wow what
+hEad-8v4M9c-00042-00009657-00010028 you must have a lot to do watch the
+hEad-8v4M9c-00043-00010029-00010235 basketball game as we walk from the
+hEad-8v4M9c-00044-00010236-00010730 floor 24/7 right so major major
+hEad-8v4M9c-00045-00010731-00010888 challenges which is a great opportunity
+hEad-8v4M9c-00046-00010889-00011126 for you and Deloitte but give us your
+hEad-8v4M9c-00047-00011127-00011291 perspective on the state of the state in
+hEad-8v4M9c-00048-00011292-00011513 the industry sure so I think it's funny
+hEad-8v4M9c-00049-00011514-00011678 you say the basics of telco because I
+hEad-8v4M9c-00050-00011679-00011813 think that's the hard part about telco
+hEad-8v4M9c-00051-00011814-00012008 is it's not really basic like everyone
+hEad-8v4M9c-00052-00012009-00012253 expects that communications are heart
+hEad-8v4M9c-00053-00012254-00012413 dial-tone right are they're real time
+hEad-8v4M9c-00054-00012414-00012563 great and there's always going to be
+hEad-8v4M9c-00055-00012564-00012731 I'll call it tone right but I think now
+hEad-8v4M9c-00056-00012732-00012893 it's at a whole new level right I think
+hEad-8v4M9c-00057-00012894-00013127 the the challenge now for for telco is
+hEad-8v4M9c-00058-00013128-00013296 mobility
+hEad-8v4M9c-00059-00013297-00013488 the pace of mobility right the massive
+hEad-8v4M9c-00060-00013488-00013694 proliferation of devices right and
+hEad-8v4M9c-00061-00013696-00013902 sensors that are all connected and so I
+hEad-8v4M9c-00062-00013903-00014103 think that now I think the basics of
+hEad-8v4M9c-00063-00014104-00014288 telco the game has changed right telco
+hEad-8v4M9c-00064-00014290-00014454 used to be its own vertical right and
+hEad-8v4M9c-00065-00014455-00014694 now it's really its own horizontal right
+hEad-8v4M9c-00066-00014694-00014886 enabling you know smart health smart
+hEad-8v4M9c-00067-00014887-00015102 cities right many other industries and I
+hEad-8v4M9c-00068-00015103-00015285 think that's the challenge for telco and
+hEad-8v4M9c-00069-00015286-00015519 it's become the new the new basic if you
+hEad-8v4M9c-00070-00015519-00015638 will it's not just a network for
+hEad-8v4M9c-00071-00015640-00015681 dial-tone
+hEad-8v4M9c-00072-00015682-00015863 right it's about a true enabler for
+hEad-8v4M9c-00073-00015865-00016068 industry right in communications and
+hEad-8v4M9c-00074-00016069-00016251 real-time right across the board so
+hEad-8v4M9c-00075-00016252-00016404 telco that's really interesting how you
+hEad-8v4M9c-00076-00016405-00016755 position that so telco has a dual agenda
+hEad-8v4M9c-00077-00016756-00017027 the horizontal technology platform and
+hEad-8v4M9c-00078-00017028-00017232 maintaining the vertical not getting
+hEad-8v4M9c-00079-00017233-00017475 disrupted so can it can tell go pull off
+hEad-8v4M9c-00080-00017476-00017757 that dual agenda well I think it has to
+hEad-8v4M9c-00081-00017758-00017952 right because to the point on vertical
+hEad-8v4M9c-00082-00017953-00018096 it used to be that they were the
+hEad-8v4M9c-00083-00018097-00018231 straight line right they provided the
+hEad-8v4M9c-00084-00018232-00018375 service and they were directly linked to
+hEad-8v4M9c-00085-00018376-00018516 the end customer right and now there are
+hEad-8v4M9c-00086-00018517-00018669 lots of other content aggregators and
+hEad-8v4M9c-00087-00018670-00018879 providers in that space and so it's
+hEad-8v4M9c-00088-00018880-00019041 getting harder and harder for telcos to
+hEad-8v4M9c-00089-00019042-00019218 really maintain connectivity to their
+hEad-8v4M9c-00090-00019219-00019407 end customer right so they've also got
+hEad-8v4M9c-00091-00019408-00019533 to be an important part of the value
+hEad-8v4M9c-00092-00019534-00019694 chain right in other businesses so I
+hEad-8v4M9c-00093-00019695-00019854 think they have to do both in parallel
+hEad-8v4M9c-00094-00019855-00020088 to stay relevant but I think that's what
+hEad-8v4M9c-00095-00020089-00020310 makes kind of an part of our work with
+hEad-8v4M9c-00096-00020311-00020478 ServiceNow and how it comes in is the
+hEad-8v4M9c-00097-00020479-00020646 focus on customer service management
+hEad-8v4M9c-00098-00020647-00021015 right and really the part about the
+hEad-8v4M9c-00099-00021016-00021177 network right is a critical underpinning
+hEad-8v4M9c-00100-00021178-00021405 for telco but if you ask telco network
+hEad-8v4M9c-00101-00021406-00021600 people they say that is the experience
+hEad-8v4M9c-00102-00021601-00021750 right that's how I get the experience
+hEad-8v4M9c-00103-00021751-00021924 right is the speed of the network right
+hEad-8v4M9c-00104-00021925-00022100 I don't can't have any latency right it
+hEad-8v4M9c-00105-00022101-00022278 was available right for it to enable
+hEad-8v4M9c-00106-00022279-00022443 these mission-critical mission-critical
+hEad-8v4M9c-00107-00022444-00022641 things amazing and then you have these
+hEad-8v4M9c-00108-00022642-00022809 little things coming up like 5g and
+hEad-8v4M9c-00109-00022810-00022977 industrial Internet of Things and you
+hEad-8v4M9c-00110-00022978-00023208 know we did a nice piece with a company
+hEad-8v4M9c-00111-00023209-00023427 that had a remote operation of
+hEad-8v4M9c-00112-00023428-00023583 autonomous vehicle so you know they're
+hEad-8v4M9c-00113-00023584-00023793 driving the car from the office while
+hEad-8v4M9c-00114-00023794-00023991 we're in the car business case being
+hEad-8v4M9c-00115-00023992-00024156 take care of the edge cases on
+hEad-8v4M9c-00116-00024157-00024353 autonomous vehicles so no latency
+hEad-8v4M9c-00117-00024354-00024500 becomes a really important things with
+hEad-8v4M9c-00118-00024501-00024725 car breaks yes and these things so the
+hEad-8v4M9c-00119-00024726-00024897 opportunity and the challenges are only
+hEad-8v4M9c-00120-00024898-00025050 going to grow with this kind of next big
+hEad-8v4M9c-00121-00025051-00025250 leap yep that we're gonna see built up
+hEad-8v4M9c-00122-00025251-00025482 around the 5g capability yeah I think
+hEad-8v4M9c-00123-00025483-00025664 that I think the move to 5g will be
+hEad-8v4M9c-00124-00025666-00025871 transformational for the industry right
+hEad-8v4M9c-00125-00025872-00026013 and really because you know now you
+hEad-8v4M9c-00126-00026014-00026175 expect your communications to work but
+hEad-8v4M9c-00127-00026176-00026325 you just get frustrated Ike if your
+hEad-8v4M9c-00128-00026326-00026439 phone doesn't work or your Internet's
+hEad-8v4M9c-00129-00026439-00026604 not working you get frustrated
+hEad-8v4M9c-00130-00026605-00026765 if your autonomous you know self-driving
+hEad-8v4M9c-00131-00026766-00026949 vehicles not working right or you've got
+hEad-8v4M9c-00132-00026950-00027126 a mission-critical device right helping
+hEad-8v4M9c-00133-00027127-00027354 your heartbeat right those are those are
+hEad-8v4M9c-00134-00027355-00027495 different things right and kind of
+hEad-8v4M9c-00135-00027495-00027660 mission criticality that I think 5g
+hEad-8v4M9c-00136-00027661-00027876 introduces the potential for right it
+hEad-8v4M9c-00137-00027877-00028049 will really change the game right but
+hEad-8v4M9c-00138-00028050-00028245 also makes it critical that you
+hEad-8v4M9c-00139-00028245-00028449 understand that full path right of the
+hEad-8v4M9c-00140-00028450-00028548 network current activity and the
+hEad-8v4M9c-00141-00028549-00028710 services to the customer right because
+hEad-8v4M9c-00142-00028711-00028868 if you're not in control right of that
+hEad-8v4M9c-00143-00028869-00029021 full path of delivery there's no way to
+hEad-8v4M9c-00144-00029022-00029205 guarantee right the mission criticality
+hEad-8v4M9c-00145-00029206-00029448 that 5g can deliver on right so Chris
+hEad-8v4M9c-00146-00029449-00029693 how does your work what's your focus
+hEad-8v4M9c-00147-00029694-00029861 with the telcos how does it intersect
+hEad-8v4M9c-00148-00029862-00030008 with what you're doing with ServiceNow
+hEad-8v4M9c-00149-00030009-00030255 and how does it ultimately benefit
+hEad-8v4M9c-00150-00030256-00030558 consumers sure so my focus really in the
+hEad-8v4M9c-00151-00030558-00030758 telco space has been in what telcos call
+hEad-8v4M9c-00152-00030759-00030930 BSS right which our business support
+hEad-8v4M9c-00153-00030931-00031145 systems are really the front office so
+hEad-8v4M9c-00154-00031146-00031398 from you know helping customers from the
+hEad-8v4M9c-00155-00031399-00031542 time of quoting right or ordering
+hEad-8v4M9c-00156-00031543-00031712 services all the way through to
+hEad-8v4M9c-00157-00031713-00031940 fulfillment and delivery of them right
+hEad-8v4M9c-00158-00031941-00032030 and I think that's the intersection
+hEad-8v4M9c-00159-00032031-00032277 really that is important to us with
+hEad-8v4M9c-00160-00032277-00032436 ServiceNow right our work with
+hEad-8v4M9c-00161-00032437-00032568 ServiceNow to date like many
+hEad-8v4M9c-00162-00032569-00032780 organizations has been in the kind of IT
+hEad-8v4M9c-00163-00032781-00033030 service management space HR more on the
+hEad-8v4M9c-00164-00033031-00033204 enterprise right but not truly the heart
+hEad-8v4M9c-00165-00033205-00033368 of the business right right and where
+hEad-8v4M9c-00166-00033369-00033579 we're really focused is you know working
+hEad-8v4M9c-00167-00033580-00033783 with ServiceNow to bring them into the
+hEad-8v4M9c-00168-00033784-00033948 heart of the business of telcos right
+hEad-8v4M9c-00169-00033949-00034145 and really change the game right I think
+hEad-8v4M9c-00170-00034146-00034337 one of the hot one of the benefits is
+hEad-8v4M9c-00171-00034338-00034551 what I am what I do which is large scale
+hEad-8v4M9c-00172-00034552-00034743 transformation most of these take years
+hEad-8v4M9c-00173-00034744-00034920 right two to three years before
+hEad-8v4M9c-00174-00034921-00035195 customers see any benefit of transition
+hEad-8v4M9c-00175-00035196-00035343 from one set of platforms to another
+hEad-8v4M9c-00176-00035344-00035529 right and we've already been able to do
+hEad-8v4M9c-00177-00035530-00035690 some work with ServiceNow and our
+hEad-8v4M9c-00178-00035691-00035880 partnership that gives speed to benefit
+hEad-8v4M9c-00179-00035881-00036108 in months right with a lot less risk so
+hEad-8v4M9c-00180-00036109-00036308 it's really kind of taking the long term
+hEad-8v4M9c-00181-00036309-00036426 experience that I've had with the
+hEad-8v4M9c-00182-00036427-00036620 traditional industry players right and
+hEad-8v4M9c-00183-00036621-00036761 creating agility right and
+hEad-8v4M9c-00184-00036762-00036926 transformation from taking that from
+hEad-8v4M9c-00185-00036927-00037143 years to months right reducing the risk
+hEad-8v4M9c-00186-00037144-00037364 profile right and really creating an
+hEad-8v4M9c-00187-00037365-00037490 amazing experience across the value
+hEad-8v4M9c-00188-00037491-00037782 chain great benefit Dave less risk and
+hEad-8v4M9c-00189-00037783-00038114 faster well well so I wanna I wanna I
+hEad-8v4M9c-00190-00038115-00038310 want to bring that back to sort of we
+hEad-8v4M9c-00191-00038311-00038433 were talking about earlier I mentioned
+hEad-8v4M9c-00192-00038434-00038643 the over top the top providers when I
+hEad-8v4M9c-00193-00038644-00038817 think about my experience with with
+hEad-8v4M9c-00194-00038818-00039033 interacting with Netflix for example I
+hEad-8v4M9c-00195-00039034-00039212 don't talk to their sales department of
+hEad-8v4M9c-00196-00039213-00039446 the customer service department or their
+hEad-8v4M9c-00197-00039447-00039620 maintenance support I just talk to
+hEad-8v4M9c-00198-00039621-00039902 interact with Netflix is that the vision
+hEad-8v4M9c-00199-00039903-00039962 for
+hEad-8v4M9c-00200-00039963-00040190 you're trying to take telcos I think
+hEad-8v4M9c-00201-00040191-00040343 it's part of it right because to your
+hEad-8v4M9c-00202-00040344-00040499 point if the service if the service that
+hEad-8v4M9c-00203-00040500-00040698 I'm getting works like it should I don't
+hEad-8v4M9c-00204-00040699-00040860 want to talk to anybody right right like
+hEad-8v4M9c-00205-00040861-00041004 I think that historically we think of
+hEad-8v4M9c-00206-00041005-00041142 customer service and customer service
+hEad-8v4M9c-00207-00041143-00041292 management is I call somebody and how do
+hEad-8v4M9c-00208-00041293-00041471 they help me right and I think the next
+hEad-8v4M9c-00209-00041472-00041676 generation right of good services how do
+hEad-8v4M9c-00210-00041677-00041795 I make sure they don't need to call me
+hEad-8v4M9c-00211-00041796-00042042 no calls right no how does this work and
+hEad-8v4M9c-00212-00042043-00042170 how do I stay on top of it and I
+hEad-8v4M9c-00213-00042171-00042311 understand anything that might be
+hEad-8v4M9c-00214-00042312-00042498 degrading the experience right and I get
+hEad-8v4M9c-00215-00042499-00042668 my arms around that and so I think the
+hEad-8v4M9c-00216-00042669-00042879 new generation of customer service
+hEad-8v4M9c-00217-00042880-00043098 management is understanding right those
+hEad-8v4M9c-00218-00043099-00043251 things and having a kind of a full in
+hEad-8v4M9c-00219-00043252-00043398 immediate view and being able to take
+hEad-8v4M9c-00220-00043399-00043605 action quickly and I think that you know
+hEad-8v4M9c-00221-00043606-00043724 kind of customer service management
+hEad-8v4M9c-00222-00043725-00043905 solution is important we've been
+hEad-8v4M9c-00223-00043906-00044058 building out what we're calling an
+hEad-8v4M9c-00224-00044059-00044220 end-to-end service assurance solution
+hEad-8v4M9c-00225-00044221-00044424 right with the ServiceNow team and that
+hEad-8v4M9c-00226-00044425-00044595 really lets us look at from the time
+hEad-8v4M9c-00227-00044596-00044789 that an issue is detected which could be
+hEad-8v4M9c-00228-00044790-00045008 customer degrading all the way through
+hEad-8v4M9c-00229-00045009-00045210 to resolution right to be able to own
+hEad-8v4M9c-00230-00045211-00045411 that path right to closure right and
+hEad-8v4M9c-00231-00045412-00045576 really have real-time visibility and the
+hEad-8v4M9c-00232-00045577-00045767 ability to act and the ability to see
+hEad-8v4M9c-00233-00045768-00045908 those metrics and really manage your
+hEad-8v4M9c-00234-00045909-00046073 business real time we hear that all the
+hEad-8v4M9c-00235-00046074-00046214 time going from kind of a historical
+hEad-8v4M9c-00236-00046215-00046412 look at the data and reacting to being a
+hEad-8v4M9c-00237-00046413-00046721 little bit more predictive but then
+hEad-8v4M9c-00238-00046722-00046892 ultimately being more prescriptive so
+hEad-8v4M9c-00239-00046893-00047105 you're you see you see the development
+hEad-8v4M9c-00240-00047106-00047211 of the problem before the problem
+hEad-8v4M9c-00241-00047212-00047417 becomes a big problem and I think that
+hEad-8v4M9c-00242-00047418-00047574 is the future of customer service and
+hEad-8v4M9c-00243-00047575-00047690 it's going to be critical
+hEad-8v4M9c-00244-00047691-00047846 right as we pivot to 5g and we've got
+hEad-8v4M9c-00245-00047847-00048065 mission-critical services running on
+hEad-8v4M9c-00246-00048066-00048207 that network that we really get this
+hEad-8v4M9c-00247-00048208-00048496 right how about the event here
+hEad-8v4M9c-00248-00048497-00048707 what are your takeaways you hearing a
+hEad-8v4M9c-00249-00048708-00048870 lot about what I call machine
+hEad-8v4M9c-00250-00048871-00049205 intelligence AI DevOps I mean all kinds
+hEad-8v4M9c-00251-00049206-00049421 of cool tech going around what's
+hEad-8v4M9c-00252-00049422-00049880 resonating with you Chris so probably
+hEad-8v4M9c-00253-00049881-00050085 say probably say the opposite of what
+hEad-8v4M9c-00254-00050086-00050240 everyone's saying so I hear that but
+hEad-8v4M9c-00255-00050241-00050402 like we we spent a little bit of time
+hEad-8v4M9c-00256-00050403-00050529 with a client yesterday right and we are
+hEad-8v4M9c-00257-00050530-00050670 talking about machine learning and
+hEad-8v4M9c-00258-00050671-00050855 artificial intelligence and they say
+hEad-8v4M9c-00259-00050856-00051086 okay that's great so I can you know how
+hEad-8v4M9c-00260-00051087-00051242 do I take the emails that come from
+hEad-8v4M9c-00261-00051244-00051363 somebody written in a third language
+hEad-8v4M9c-00262-00051364-00051549 trying to write them in English and and
+hEad-8v4M9c-00263-00051550-00051677 what's the challenge of how do I get
+hEad-8v4M9c-00264-00051678-00051869 artificial intelligence to figure out
+hEad-8v4M9c-00265-00051870-00052023 what that issue is and go act on it
+hEad-8v4M9c-00266-00052024-00052250 right and so I think I think these
+hEad-8v4M9c-00267-00052251-00052485 technologies are exciting but I think we
+hEad-8v4M9c-00268-00052486-00052665 also have to pay a lot of attention to
+hEad-8v4M9c-00269-00052666-00052824 the basics or I did not think that
+hEad-8v4M9c-00270-00052825-00053030 there's a shortcut right to providing
+hEad-8v4M9c-00271-00053031-00053150 the service and the mission criticality
+hEad-8v4M9c-00272-00053151-00053270 so
+hEad-8v4M9c-00273-00053271-00053501 today I still think in terms of really
+hEad-8v4M9c-00274-00053502-00053641 enabling the front office that there
+hEad-8v4M9c-00275-00053642-00053882 early days I think it's certainly worth
+hEad-8v4M9c-00276-00053883-00054107 the the investment but I think part of
+hEad-8v4M9c-00277-00054108-00054232 it is just looking critically at the
+hEad-8v4M9c-00278-00054233-00054379 business and remember that the service
+hEad-8v4M9c-00279-00054380-00054541 and the service levels right are really
+hEad-8v4M9c-00280-00054542-00054710 driving right and we keep pushing the
+hEad-8v4M9c-00281-00054711-00054974 technology to cut to catch up right I
+hEad-8v4M9c-00282-00054975-00055166 would not I haven't seen a lot of telcos
+hEad-8v4M9c-00283-00055166-00055322 in the front office where experience is
+hEad-8v4M9c-00284-00055323-00055522 concerned be early adopters because
+hEad-8v4M9c-00285-00055523-00055760 that's the last risk that you want to
+hEad-8v4M9c-00286-00055761-00055907 take right but that's a great example
+hEad-8v4M9c-00287-00055908-00056054 though because that's a very specific
+hEad-8v4M9c-00288-00056054-00056210 use case where you would like to see
+hEad-8v4M9c-00289-00056211-00056498 more intelligence applied and I think
+hEad-8v4M9c-00290-00056499-00056701 that's really the key is what where can
+hEad-8v4M9c-00291-00056702-00056974 we get the value as opposed to a generic
+hEad-8v4M9c-00292-00056975-00057323 dead-dead smart person name thing that
+hEad-8v4M9c-00293-00057324-00057512 kind of exists right here's a specific
+hEad-8v4M9c-00294-00057513-00057716 problem can we use they are machine
+hEad-8v4M9c-00295-00057716-00057872 learning to help us solve that specific
+hEad-8v4M9c-00296-00057873-00058097 problem because what we I think what we
+hEad-8v4M9c-00297-00058098-00058316 know is if I have a sensor on a device
+hEad-8v4M9c-00298-00058316-00058492 and it picks up an issue I can start
+hEad-8v4M9c-00299-00058494-00058598 acting on that immediately
+hEad-8v4M9c-00300-00058599-00058751 right the ones that are much harder to
+hEad-8v4M9c-00301-00058752-00058859 act on are the ones that people will
+hEad-8v4M9c-00302-00058860-00059017 report and then have to be translated
+hEad-8v4M9c-00303-00059019-00059213 right to figure out what the action that
+hEad-8v4M9c-00304-00059214-00059354 needs to be taken but guess what they're
+hEad-8v4M9c-00305-00059354-00059542 still the same SLA attached to it right
+hEad-8v4M9c-00306-00059544-00059735 alright so how do I really you know
+hEad-8v4M9c-00307-00059736-00059932 advance you know artificial intelligence
+hEad-8v4M9c-00308-00059933-00060065 to really be able to move that forward
+hEad-8v4M9c-00309-00060066-00060332 in a much faster and reliable way right
+hEad-8v4M9c-00310-00060333-00060464 to the point where businesses will take
+hEad-8v4M9c-00311-00060465-00060773 take a bet on it so all right we'll give
+hEad-8v4M9c-00312-00060774-00060941 you the last word Chris what should we
+hEad-8v4M9c-00313-00060941-00061091 know about you know Deloitte kind of a
+hEad-8v4M9c-00314-00061091-00061298 bumper sticker on you know your service
+hEad-8v4M9c-00315-00061299-00061555 now practice and telco what what's your
+hEad-8v4M9c-00316-00061557-00061969 takeaways so I think I think the magic
+hEad-8v4M9c-00317-00061970-00062150 right of the partnership and where we're
+hEad-8v4M9c-00318-00062151-00062282 really trying to take it is the
+hEad-8v4M9c-00319-00062283-00062549 diffusion of our truly deep industry
+hEad-8v4M9c-00320-00062550-00062680 experience right in folks that have been
+hEad-8v4M9c-00321-00062682-00062975 in and around for for 20 years and and
+hEad-8v4M9c-00322-00062976-00063221 using the ServiceNow solution it in new
+hEad-8v4M9c-00323-00063222-00063464 ways right and really again bringing it
+hEad-8v4M9c-00324-00063465-00063725 to the core of the value chain right and
+hEad-8v4M9c-00325-00063726-00063935 frankly disrupting a lot of the industry
+hEad-8v4M9c-00326-00063936-00064064 solutions that have been out there that
+hEad-8v4M9c-00327-00064065-00064196 have gotten quite set in their ways
+hEad-8v4M9c-00328-00064197-00064409 like we see so many of our clients that
+hEad-8v4M9c-00329-00064410-00064565 don't have good answers right and
+hEad-8v4M9c-00330-00064566-00064729 they're paralyzed right trying to look
+hEad-8v4M9c-00331-00064730-00064847 at all the solutions that are there and
+hEad-8v4M9c-00332-00064848-00065003 not finding anything they like and I
+hEad-8v4M9c-00333-00065004-00065129 think that's the magic that we're trying
+hEad-8v4M9c-00334-00065129-00065303 to bring to the partnership and and
+hEad-8v4M9c-00335-00065304-00065530 really disrupt the game awesome well
+hEad-8v4M9c-00336-00065532-00065648 thanks very much for coming on the cube
+hEad-8v4M9c-00337-00065649-00065891 is great thank you I keep right there
+hEad-8v4M9c-00338-00065892-00066068 everybody listen you want to go to a
+hEad-8v4M9c-00339-00066069-00066226 couple of resources I want to give you
+hEad-8v4M9c-00340-00066227-00066389 for some great free content go to the
+hEad-8v4M9c-00341-00066390-00066584 cube net you'll see all the videos here
+hEad-8v4M9c-00342-00066585-00066644 go
+hEad-8v4M9c-00343-00066645-00066824 youtube.com slash Silicon angle
+hEad-8v4M9c-00344-00066825-00066983 subscribe to that channel yet notified
+hEad-8v4M9c-00345-00066984-00067259 of all the action we're at all the shows
+hEad-8v4M9c-00346-00067260-00067490 of silicon angle calm for all the news
+hEad-8v4M9c-00347-00067491-00067730 wiki bang calm is a is a research site
+hEad-8v4M9c-00348-00067731-00067898 so check those out keep right there
+hEad-8v4M9c-00349-00067899-00068048 everybody we'll be back with our next
+hEad-8v4M9c-00350-00068049-00068787 guest right up to this short break
+hEad-8v4M9c-00351-00068788-00069095 [Music]
+hJeGsFnGvbY-00000-00000032-00000191 all right in this video i'll show you
+hJeGsFnGvbY-00001-00000192-00000503 how to get free steam games like tf2
+hJeGsFnGvbY-00002-00000504-00000807 keys and uh steam credit for just by
+hJeGsFnGvbY-00003-00000808-00001062 playing flash games it's the website
+hJeGsFnGvbY-00004-00001063-00001303 that i've linked in this description
+hJeGsFnGvbY-00005-00001304-00001439 um
+hJeGsFnGvbY-00006-00001440-00001614 all you can do is you go down to
+hJeGsFnGvbY-00007-00001616-00001814 achievement games and there are loads of
+hJeGsFnGvbY-00008-00001816-00002095 games you can play and these flash games
+hJeGsFnGvbY-00009-00002096-00002310 will have achievements in and there are
+hJeGsFnGvbY-00010-00002311-00002583 pages of pages of games and when you
+hJeGsFnGvbY-00011-00002584-00002815 complete the achievements you earn coins
+hJeGsFnGvbY-00012-00002816-00003047 with those coins and you can buy stuff
+hJeGsFnGvbY-00013-00003048-00003295 in uh the store
+hJeGsFnGvbY-00014-00003296-00003527 which is in here
+hJeGsFnGvbY-00015-00003528-00003751 and for example you can buy
+hJeGsFnGvbY-00016-00003752-00004015 hitman and just cause
+hJeGsFnGvbY-00017-00004015-00004183 loads of other games
+hJeGsFnGvbY-00018-00004184-00004391 for not that many coins i mean i've
+hJeGsFnGvbY-00019-00004392-00004670 earned thousands of thousands of like 22
+hJeGsFnGvbY-00020-00004671-00004863 000 coins i've
+hJeGsFnGvbY-00021-00004864-00005191 so far got
+hJeGsFnGvbY-00022-00005192-00005270 from
+hJeGsFnGvbY-00023-00005271-00005375 this
+hJeGsFnGvbY-00024-00005376-00005535 hitman
+hJeGsFnGvbY-00025-00005536-00005727 all three of them deus ex surgeon
+hJeGsFnGvbY-00026-00005728-00006006 simulator and chamber bioshocks i've got
+hJeGsFnGvbY-00027-00006007-00006206 some tf2 keys here
+hJeGsFnGvbY-00028-00006207-00006559 and also loads of steam trading cards
+hJeGsFnGvbY-00029-00006559-00006855 and there are this the playing games is
+hJeGsFnGvbY-00030-00006856-00007046 quite fun but it's a little bit slow so
+hJeGsFnGvbY-00031-00007047-00007295 you can click get coins and on here
+hJeGsFnGvbY-00032-00007295-00007414 there
+hJeGsFnGvbY-00033-00007415-00007703 uh you can like watch videos or
+hJeGsFnGvbY-00034-00007704-00007919 click links or even do surveys and get
+hJeGsFnGvbY-00035-00007920-00008151 loads of coins really quickly like like
+hJeGsFnGvbY-00036-00008152-00008351 there's a video tab here just click
+hJeGsFnGvbY-00037-00008352-00008487 watch video
+hJeGsFnGvbY-00038-00008488-00008639 and then you watch your video and then
+hJeGsFnGvbY-00039-00008640-00008814 click next and you just get loads and
+hJeGsFnGvbY-00040-00008815-00009078 loads of coins that way and you can get
+hJeGsFnGvbY-00041-00009079-00009495 loads of stuff
+hJeGsFnGvbY-00042-00009496-00009663 all right so what i want you to do is
+hJeGsFnGvbY-00043-00009664-00009831 click the link in the description sign
+hJeGsFnGvbY-00044-00009832-00010039 up for the website post your username in
+hJeGsFnGvbY-00045-00010040-00010183 the comments i'll be able to see that i
+hJeGsFnGvbY-00046-00010184-00010351 referred you and then i can send you an
+hJeGsFnGvbY-00047-00010352-00010811 extra video on how to get coins faster
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00000-00000433-00000834 I want to talk about performance testing
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00001-00000835-00001032 with second talk about performance
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00002-00001033-00001215 testing labor this is the big picture
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00003-00001216-00001475 and later there will be a detailed talk
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00004-00001476-00001748 about the phones testing so do please
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00005-00001748-00002340 and what what I want to talk about here
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00006-00002341-00002766 is about what we plan to bring to our
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00007-00002767-00003183 testing systems in the near future we
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00008-00003184-00003375 already started to implement this to set
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00009-00003376-00003638 it up we need to now polish it and
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00010-00003639-00004014 properly in include us into all of our
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00011-00004015-00004382 processes and what we will want to do
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00012-00004383-00004770 here if this kind of performance test is
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00013-00004771-00005163 to create an actual instance and run it
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00014-00005164-00005577 on unless bested a good define hardware
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00015-00005578-00005807 set and not change to Harvey below it to
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00016-00005808-00006086 be able to compare results between
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00017-00006087-00006291 different ones of the performance test
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00018-00006292-00006633 and stimulate a given workload to say
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00019-00006634-00006995 okay we have a server with that amount
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00020-00006997-00007397 of RAM that amount of CPUs and there are
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00021-00007398-00007653 thousands of clients connected to it and
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00022-00007654-00007929 then want to execute the given past
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00023-00007930-00008307 maybe upload a file and then measure or
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00024-00008308-00008628 how long it takes and this allows us
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00025-00008629-00009030 then in the future to compare a future
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00026-00009031-00009327 version or a pull request to a previous
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00027-00009328-00009630 version or the current master and do it
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00028-00009631-00009986 being able how different code changes
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00029-00009987-00010401 involve into the performance metrics of
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00030-00010402-00010650 our system and being able to say okay
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00031-00010651-00010842 this change looks good and its really
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00032-00010843-00011154 awesome but here we maybe need to
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00033-00011155-00011421 rethink it because it has a huge impact
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00034-00011422-00011762 on performance so it's really about
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00035-00011763-00012048 allowing us to have a big picture view
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00036-00012049-00012399 on how our system is behaving in not
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00037-00012400-00012618 only testing it on a development system
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00038-00012619-00012896 with one use or 20 user but having
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00039-00012897-00013119 actually a system with thousands of
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00040-00013119-00013386 fires 100 clients connected and then
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00041-00013387-00013638 measuring our how-to
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00042-00013640-00013900 how the system behaves of different and
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00043-00013901-00014305 different workloads there are there are
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00044-00014306-00014514 some some challenges we are currently
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00045-00014515-00014836 experimenting with different kinds of
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00046-00014837-00015247 solving than one the very first one is
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00047-00015247-00015475 what is it typical workload on a real
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00048-00015476-00015717 instance we have some statistics from
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00049-00015718-00015924 bigger customers from smaller customers
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00050-00015925-00016261 how weak wrists are distributed how many
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00051-00016262-00016597 uploads usually are there and how many
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00052-00016598-00016822 weeds are there how often the client is
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00053-00016823-00017061 connected we have some rough stats and
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00054-00017062-00017508 we try to look into a mimic those doses
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00055-00017509-00017859 that we have as best as possible what we
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00056-00017860-00018130 also blend to get feedback from users
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00057-00018131-00018442 from customers from bigger installations
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00058-00018443-00018828 and how house usual setups look like and
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00059-00018829-00019075 compare them to to our future
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00060-00019076-00019372 performances set up then the next big
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00061-00019373-00019672 thing is how can we use simulators this
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00062-00019673-00019975 task we have something in mind but we
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00063-00019976-00020278 are always happy about getting feedback
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00064-00020279-00020539 getting yeah maybe somebody has
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00065-00020540-00020805 experiences with this and can recommend
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00066-00020806-00021043 some tours to use for performance
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00067-00021044-00021361 testing go talk to me later this week or
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00068-00021362-00021643 today if you have something in mind how
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00069-00021644-00021997 to do this and yeah how to properly
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00070-00021998-00022330 integrate this into an automated setup s
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00071-00022331-00022578 would be to have it one on every year
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00072-00022579-00022809 progressed we have to have a direct
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00073-00022810-00023106 feedback but I guess this is for the far
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00074-00023107-00023383 future because it's really resource
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00075-00023384-00023712 hungry and needs a lot of of proper
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00076-00023713-00023992 setup so we want to have this first in a
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00077-00023993-00024378 very um light version to run it only
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00078-00024379-00024600 manually but later more and more
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00079-00024601-00024822 integrated into our automated testing
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00080-00024823-00025167 and having it money toward constantly
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00081-00025168-00025453 and what what the current architecture
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00082-00025454-00025702 looks like is on left side we have to
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00083-00025702-00025950 get a github end point where the
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00084-00025951-00026190 developer then sees rizzardo gets
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00085-00026191-00026410 feedback for maybe a bot that just says
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00086-00026411-00026620 yeah your professor looks fine but
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00087-00026620-00026896 there's a five percent decrease in
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00088-00026897-00027343 proc lines on that tough this this thing
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00089-00027344-00027596 connects to an API server this is
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00090-00027597-00027798 roughly implemented there's already some
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00091-00027799-00028080 rhythm running prototype that holds all
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00092-00028081-00028299 the performance metrics that are gettin
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00093-00028300-00028583 through being into a while while the
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00094-00028585-00028752 performance test is run and also
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00095-00028752-00028902 provides the end points for the github
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00096-00028902-00029390 books and entity creation so the API so
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00097-00029391-00029652 was the one where the actual results are
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00098-00029652-00029852 stored and where they are can get
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00099-00029853-00030057 fetched from and then we have on the
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00100-00030058-00030381 right side our workers they connect to
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00101-00030382-00030668 this this API so go and say is there new
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00102-00030669-00030918 tasks I need to execute what do i need
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00103-00030919-00031208 to check out which keep github repo how
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00104-00031209-00031410 should I set up the server how many
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00105-00031411-00031689 clients do other I'll need to be
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00106-00031689-00031964 connected so this is the rough set up
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00107-00031966-00032240 this country works its it once manually
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00108-00032241-00032598 for now what yeah I plan to make is more
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00109-00032599-00033015 more automated and scale it a bit bigger
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00110-00033016-00033480 to have it in a nicer setup so if you
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00111-00033481-00033795 have feedback ideas and transport to
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00112-00033796-00034033 talk with me about this just come over
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00113-00034034-00034389 afterwards I guess times to show for
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00114-00034390-00034746 questions now too because yeah but if
+hJYqrUfX9yk-00115-00034747-00035234 you have someone feel free to do thanks
+hO-NMhh8Krk-00000-00003664-00004093 hello Timothy
+hO-NMhh8Krk-00001-00004094-00005874 come on let's go on Yahoo man
+hO-NMhh8Krk-00002-00005875-00008360 [Applause]
+hO-NMhh8Krk-00004-00013028-00013353 there's an on a wagon power
+hO-NMhh8Krk-00005-00013354-00013997 [Music]
+hO-NMhh8Krk-00006-00013997-00014122 [Music]
+hO-NMhh8Krk-00007-00014122-00014503 uh-huh no mom I'm Dylan yes I am
+hO-NMhh8Krk-00008-00014504-00016487 yeah bye little work [__] I'm back
+hO-NMhh8Krk-00010-00023129-00024881 go time qiam rukuh aware I am a little
+hO-NMhh8Krk-00012-00028508-00029064 nothing bow tie an ethical timeline
+hO-NMhh8Krk-00014-00032832-00034322 but then we might have a tiny male
+hO-NMhh8Krk-00015-00034323-00036147 lady's own glasses on
+hO-NMhh8Krk-00016-00036148-00038377 [Music]
+hO-NMhh8Krk-00018-00041416-00041892 how am I going gonna hang it otherwise
+hO-NMhh8Krk-00019-00041893-00044082 die man
+hO-NMhh8Krk-00020-00044083-00044526 get away
+hO-NMhh8Krk-00021-00044527-00044893 you mean however long your number for
+hO-NMhh8Krk-00022-00044894-00046480 longer now we get another go common a
+hO-NMhh8Krk-00023-00046481-00046879 little our flower
+hO-NMhh8Krk-00024-00046880-00047248 allow love
+hO-NMhh8Krk-00025-00047249-00048389 [Music]
+hO-NMhh8Krk-00026-00048390-00048662 no no no no Maya
+hO-NMhh8Krk-00027-00048663-00049139 yeah no one get mana yeah yeah no I'm
+hO-NMhh8Krk-00028-00049140-00050176 Jessica oh hello
+hO-NMhh8Krk-00029-00050177-00051508 [Music]
+hO-NMhh8Krk-00030-00051509-00051766 [Music]
+hO-NMhh8Krk-00031-00051766-00052510 my guess who do not know so yeah my
+hO-NMhh8Krk-00032-00052511-00055201 ambition completely g-iii camera like
+hO-NMhh8Krk-00033-00055202-00055474 okay a co-packer Evo number but that if
+hO-NMhh8Krk-00034-00055475-00056851 I never watch motto
+hO-NMhh8Krk-00035-00056852-00059105 [Music]
+hO-NMhh8Krk-00036-00059107-00061628 [Music]
+hO-NMhh8Krk-00037-00061629-00062349 hi dynamite - oh God Oh Aloha one you
+hO-NMhh8Krk-00038-00062350-00063462 motivated me earlier
+hO-NMhh8Krk-00039-00063463-00066286 come on
+hO-NMhh8Krk-00040-00066287-00066779 hey hey hey hey y'all will help from
+hO-NMhh8Krk-00041-00066780-00068116 bumping you now you get your own beer on
+hO-NMhh8Krk-00042-00068117-00069304 [Music]
+hO-NMhh8Krk-00043-00069305-00069987 this
+hO-NMhh8Krk-00044-00069988-00071109 my aren't able dot pausing here for
+hO-NMhh8Krk-00045-00071110-00071148 bummer
+hO-NMhh8Krk-00046-00071149-00072919 oh I didn't man off my little come here
+hO-NMhh8Krk-00047-00072920-00074419 Michael
+hO-NMhh8Krk-00048-00074420-00075489 [Music]
+hO-NMhh8Krk-00050-00079576-00080351 [Music]
+hO-NMhh8Krk-00051-00080352-00082415 [Music]
+hO-NMhh8Krk-00052-00082416-00083887 a wall I come over hey come on oh my
+hO-NMhh8Krk-00053-00083888-00085651 dear wagga now I kill our high rent
+hO-NMhh8Krk-00054-00085652-00086874 why am L to Randy what if I go Chucky
+hO-NMhh8Krk-00055-00086875-00087385 hungry everybody think already tell you
+hO-NMhh8Krk-00056-00087386-00088206 [Music]
+hO-NMhh8Krk-00057-00088207-00089153 you know you know you're nice
+hO-NMhh8Krk-00060-00103648-00104629 Yoga Yoga
+hO-NMhh8Krk-00062-00110001-00111674 my my my my way whatsoever
+hO-NMhh8Krk-00063-00111675-00112311 oh yeah
+hO-NMhh8Krk-00064-00112313-00113222 oh goodness how much Michael Domeier
+hO-NMhh8Krk-00065-00113223-00116128 lumba highlight the Chiffre Michael a me
+hO-NMhh8Krk-00066-00116129-00118720 a new car named Connor
+hO-NMhh8Krk-00067-00118721-00118745 Oh
+hO-NMhh8Krk-00069-00123455-00124033 [Music]
+hO-NMhh8Krk-00070-00124034-00124495 [Music]
+hO-NMhh8Krk-00071-00124496-00125558 oh yeah I knew that
+hO-NMhh8Krk-00072-00125559-00125731 while oh ah
+hO-NMhh8Krk-00073-00125732-00126423 I'm ing hotter
+hO-NMhh8Krk-00074-00126424-00127589 [Music]
+hO-NMhh8Krk-00075-00127590-00128404 [Music]
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00000-00000071-00000247 this audio production was made in
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00001-00000248-00000886 collaboration with audible anarchist
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00002-00000888-00001150 social ecology a look at humanity and
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00003-00001151-00001295 nature
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00004-00001296-00001511 the world of the 21st century faces the
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00005-00001512-00001702 ruins of its past and present
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00006-00001703-00001910 war has become a normal state poverty
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00007-00001911-00002118 and hunger marginal news that no longer
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00008-00002119-00002263 merit headlines
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00009-00002264-00002423 many people have lost the meaning and
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00010-00002424-00002591 significance of being human
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00011-00002592-00002815 and the word society means only isolated
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00012-00002816-00003055 individuals subsumed under a state that
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00013-00003056-00003191 manages their interpersonal
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00014-00003192-00003327 relationships
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00015-00003328-00003511 given these developments environmental
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00016-00003511-00003686 issues seem to come secondary
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00017-00003688-00003886 incidental to many something for
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00018-00003887-00004086 environmentalists to worry about
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00019-00004087-00004270 but the ecological crisis has become the
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00020-00004271-00004431 most urgent challenge of our time
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00021-00004432-00004631 because it touches and impacts all areas
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00022-00004632-00004767 of society
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00023-00004768-00004967 the ecosystem has been wrecked to such
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00024-00004968-00005167 an extent that much of the damage has
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00025-00005168-00005318 become irreversible
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00026-00005319-00005511 a large part of life both human and
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00027-00005512-00005767 natural has entered a stage of crisis
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00028-00005768-00006111 on this note abdullah writes a policy
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00029-00006112-00006311 that promises salvation from the present
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00030-00006312-00006367 crisis
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00031-00006368-00006598 can only lead to a proper social system
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00032-00006600-00006775 if it is ecological
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00033-00006776-00006942 it is necessary to outline such an
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00034-00006943-00007110 ecological social system
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00035-00007111-00007263 and to develop a policy that can
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00036-00007264-00007446 overcome the ecological and social
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00037-00007447-00007574 crisis as a whole
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00038-00007575-00007751 a policy that not only fights the
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00039-00007752-00007951 symptoms but that recognizes that the
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00040-00007952-00008159 ecological crisis and the societal
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00041-00008159-00008367 crisis are intimately linked
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00042-00008368-00008599 in order to solve the ecological crisis
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00043-00008600-00008791 we must change the social relations of
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00044-00008792-00008863 power
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00045-00008864-00009174 and domination fundamentally if we take
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00046-00009175-00009319 this as our starting point
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00047-00009320-00009519 in the search for new ways to live we
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00048-00009520-00009703 must also be able to answer the question
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00049-00009704-00009927 of how and why societies have ended up
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00050-00009928-00009999 in opposition
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00051-00010000-00010287 to nature from a historical perspective
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00052-00010288-00010503 we must be able to identify the decisive
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00053-00010504-00010687 moments of social change that led to the
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00054-00010688-00010783 break between
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00055-00010784-00011014 nature and society that we see today in
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00056-00011015-00011191 capitalist society
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00057-00011192-00011406 to speak simply of humanity and not of
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00058-00011407-00011559 concrete mentalities
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00059-00011560-00011823 systems and rulers only hides the causes
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00060-00011824-00012031 and leads us to false premises
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00061-00012032-00012214 it conceals the contradictions that lie
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00062-00012215-00012431 behind the categories of humanity
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00063-00012432-00012638 the antagonisms between oppressed and
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00064-00012639-00012742 oppressors
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00065-00012743-00013015 men and women old and young light and
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00066-00013016-00013086 dark
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00067-00013087-00013319 and the rich and the poor to be
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00068-00013319-00013479 successful in building a new
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00069-00013480-00013743 social ecological society we have to
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00070-00013744-00013927 conceive of the human being as a life
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00071-00013928-00014007 form that
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00072-00014008-00014230 with its creativity and creative power
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00073-00014231-00014399 can make a great contribution to the
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00074-00014400-00014647 improvement of the entire natural world
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00075-00014647-00014838 even more than that it is our obligation
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00076-00014840-00015055 to accept this potential in our lives
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00077-00015056-00015199 and to believe in it
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00078-00015200-00015375 it's clear that solving the ecological
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00079-00015376-00015558 crisis and moving towards a social
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00080-00015559-00015783 ecological society cannot be left to
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00081-00015784-00015966 science and technology alone
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00082-00015968-00016183 it is also the task of a critical theory
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00083-00016184-00016350 that is able to overcome the division
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00084-00016351-00016622 between humanity and nature
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00085-00016623-00017039 many thinkers abdullah sylvia
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00086-00017040-00017294 friedrich engels and murray bookchin in
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00087-00017295-00017415 particular
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00088-00017416-00017543 have played an important role in
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00089-00017544-00017735 contributing to such a theory with their
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00090-00017736-00017822 analysis of
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00091-00017823-00018014 social power relations and historical
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00092-00018015-00018191 developments their understanding of
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00093-00018192-00018319 nature and humanity
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00094-00018320-00018503 and their firm belief in the viability
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00095-00018504-00018830 of an ecological free society
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00096-00018831-00018975 the historical changes in the
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00097-00018976-00019350 relationship between society and nature
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00098-00019351-00019527 when we look at the changes in society's
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00099-00019528-00019671 relationship to nature
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00100-00019672-00019847 it is vital not to lose sight of the
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00101-00019848-00020063 changes in societal power relations
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00102-00020064-00020303 modes of production and ideology there
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00103-00020304-00020471 is not a single societal relationship
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00104-00020472-00020639 with nature
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00105-00020640-00020807 different modes of production social
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00106-00020808-00021030 classes cultures and genders develop
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00107-00021031-00021239 different relations nature
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00108-00021240-00021455 includes various aspects like food and
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00109-00021456-00021647 energy but also an individual's
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00110-00021648-00021871 relationship with his or her body
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00111-00021872-00022086 it's about how the external world around
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00112-00022087-00022207 the human is seen
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00113-00022208-00022455 understood and felt the current
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00114-00022456-00022647 relationship with nature dominated by
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00115-00022648-00022678 the
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00116-00022679-00022878 state capitalist structure of society
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00117-00022879-00023119 develops from a long process of changes
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00118-00023120-00023303 to disconnect this relationship from its
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00119-00023304-00023486 development gives it the appearance of a
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00120-00023487-00023622 system that has always
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00121-00023623-00023878 been inevitable failure to analyze this
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00122-00023879-00023935 history
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00123-00023936-00024078 and its development results in an
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00124-00024079-00024255 inability to understand the present
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00125-00024256-00024494 or construct the future with this in
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00126-00024495-00024655 mind in the following section we will
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00127-00024656-00024839 look at some aspects of the changes in
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00128-00024840-00025294 society's relationship with nature
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00129-00025295-00025486 natural society can be understood as the
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00130-00025487-00025639 first social form
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00131-00025639-00025846 in small communities of clans human
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00132-00025847-00026022 beings began the process of becoming
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00133-00026023-00026143 socialized
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00134-00026144-00026287 in early societies people's
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00135-00026288-00026399 understanding of nature was
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00136-00026400-00026590 characterized by a close connection with
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00137-00026591-00026646 it
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00138-00026647-00026855 nature was regarded as something living
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00139-00026856-00027023 embracing the idea that every natural
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00140-00027024-00027167 entity had a soul
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00141-00027168-00027318 the experience of nature found its
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00142-00027319-00027511 expression in the idea of spirits
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00143-00027512-00027646 with which humanity sought an
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00144-00027647-00027855 understanding humans had to live in
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00145-00027856-00028031 harmony with these forces because they
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00146-00028032-00028214 determined life and its rhythms
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00147-00028216-00028414 people didn't try to conquer nature but
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00148-00028416-00028599 to influence it through magical rituals
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00149-00028600-00028855 to appeal to the spirits of nature
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00150-00028856-00029046 this magic was based on the observations
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00151-00029047-00029207 of the processes of life
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00152-00029208-00029407 and death in nature and human beings
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00153-00029408-00029631 themselves the life of humans in
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00154-00029632-00029839 small clan communities and with an idea
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00155-00029839-00029958 of living nature
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00156-00029960-00030143 ran according to the basic principles of
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00157-00030144-00030399 ecology that is in harmony with nature
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00158-00030400-00030511 and each other
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00159-00030512-00030743 so we can define the natural society as
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00160-00030744-00030935 a spontaneous form
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00161-00030936-00031255 of an ecological society angelon
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00162-00031256-00031455 in the collective memory of humanity
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00163-00031456-00031567 nature is like a mother
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00164-00031568-00031799 giving people life and its necessities
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00165-00031800-00031990 the term mother nature can be traced
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00166-00031991-00032279 back to this collective experience
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00167-00032280-00032718 the rule of man over humanity and nature
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00168-00032719-00032879 the life of the first communities was
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00169-00032880-00033046 based on what people could gather from
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00170-00033047-00033102 nature
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00171-00033103-00033246 but hunting came to augment the
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00172-00033247-00033439 collecting of plants and fruits
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00173-00033440-00033623 the systematic and deliberate killing of
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00174-00033624-00033799 animals evolved into a hunting
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00175-00033800-00034143 culture out of this and the emerging
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00176-00034144-00034335 conflicts between clan communities a
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00177-00034336-00034487 culture of war developed that went
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00178-00034488-00034646 beyond self-defense
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00179-00034647-00034807 the foundation was laid for the further
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00180-00034808-00034990 development of a war mentality
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00181-00034991-00035167 and its associated institutions and
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00182-00035168-00035343 hierarchies and this had serious
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00183-00035344-00035495 consequences for the development of
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00184-00035496-00035623 society
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00185-00035624-00035767 in parallel with the arrival of the
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00186-00035768-00035935 first hierarchies and the division of
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00187-00035936-00036143 people into categories and classes
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00188-00036144-00036383 such as race and gender the relationship
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00189-00036384-00036574 with nature also changed
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00190-00036575-00036759 by observing the natural processes of
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00191-00036760-00036943 birth growth and death
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00192-00036944-00037095 we developed the first understanding of
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00193-00037096-00037302 biology that led to the deliberate use
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00194-00037303-00037559 of plants and livestock in agriculture
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00195-00037560-00037735 humans began to shape the environment
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00196-00037736-00037895 according to their needs and to
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00197-00037896-00037999 influence the biological
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00198-00038000-00038223 development of animals and plants
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00199-00038224-00038374 increasing yields from
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00200-00038375-00038607 agriculture which went beyond the level
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00201-00038608-00038918 of immediate needs now had to be managed
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00202-00038919-00039095 the administration of social wealth was
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00203-00039096-00039255 closely connected with the emergence of
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00204-00039256-00039487 social hierarchy which had already found
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00205-00039488-00039662 its expression in the dominion of the
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00206-00039663-00039799 old over young
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00207-00039800-00040135 men over women and leaders over the lead
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00208-00040136-00040287 in the course of this process these
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00209-00040288-00040415 hierarchies were increasingly
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00210-00040416-00040615 transformed into a more complex social
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00211-00040616-00040702 system
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00212-00040703-00040887 as we see in the development of sumerian
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00213-00040888-00041135 and egyptian priests
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00214-00041136-00041271 these first state structures were
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00215-00041272-00041479 legitimized by a mythological system
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00216-00041480-00041662 that eliminated the spirits of nature
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00217-00041663-00041774 and placed gods
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00218-00041775-00041999 and their human interpreters above them
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00219-00042000-00042158 and just as the new gods were enthroned
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00220-00042159-00042239 above nature
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00221-00042240-00042430 their new priests ruled over society
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00222-00042431-00042551 like gods
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00223-00042552-00042743 in this process we find the interweaving
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00224-00042744-00042902 of man's dominion over man
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00225-00042903-00043151 with man's dominion over nature moving
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00226-00043152-00043367 from a free and ecological coexistence
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00227-00043368-00043615 in natural society with mutual respect
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00228-00043616-00043846 solidarity and care towards a society
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00229-00043847-00043967 based on hierarchies
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00230-00043968-00044230 classes and domination people alienated
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00231-00044231-00044399 themselves not only from each other but
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00232-00044400-00044527 also from nature
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00233-00044528-00044702 this was the beginning of our downfall
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00234-00044703-00044943 because the evolving class society
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00235-00044944-00045127 developed in clear contradiction to
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00236-00045128-00045215 nature
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00237-00045216-00045462 the idea of a living animated colorful
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00238-00045463-00045639 and productive nature gave way to one of
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00239-00045640-00045887 a vindictive and mean-spirited nature
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00240-00045888-00046118 something to compete with beginning with
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00241-00046119-00046358 sumerian society this counter-revolution
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00242-00046359-00046551 against the natural society accompanied
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00243-00046552-00046735 by a radical change in the mentality of
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00244-00046736-00046823 the people
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00245-00046824-00046990 gradually spread throughout the middle
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00246-00046991-00047151 east until it fundamentally changed
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00247-00047152-00047327 large parts of the world
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00248-00047328-00047511 the idea of nature as merciless
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00249-00047512-00047671 oppressive and dominating
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00250-00047672-00047855 which still persists today goes back to
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00251-00047856-00048062 this break in the social relationship
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00252-00048063-00048271 humanity confronted with this oppressive
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00253-00048272-00048383 force as a small
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00254-00048384-00048630 naked and fragile creature must protect
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00255-00048631-00048727 itself and develop
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00256-00048728-00048902 its own powers in order to conquer
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00257-00048903-00049079 nature to become its ruler
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00258-00049080-00049215 this understanding then served to
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00259-00049216-00049383 justify the increasingly oppressive
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00260-00049384-00049607 relations of people among themselves
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00261-00049608-00049815 according to this doctrine humanity can
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00262-00049816-00049967 escape the power of nature through the
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00263-00049968-00050199 productivity of enslavement
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00264-00050200-00050390 our collective survival depends on the
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00265-00050391-00050558 power of human labor
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00266-00050559-00050758 at the same time the suffering of the
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00267-00050759-00050958 enslaved seemed a small thing when
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00268-00050959-00051167 compared with the acquired power of man
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00269-00051168-00051254 over nature
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00270-00051255-00051438 the enslaved are the collateral damage
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00271-00051439-00051663 of the liberation of mankind
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00272-00051664-00051838 society's relationship with nature was
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00273-00051839-00052014 not fundamentally changed in europe
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00274-00052015-00052150 until the reformation
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00275-00052151-00052319 the determination of people to break
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00276-00052320-00052494 away from the church dogmas
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00277-00052495-00052687 led to a return to rationality and the
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00278-00052688-00052894 everyday which had been demonized by
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00279-00052895-00053023 christianity
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00280-00053024-00053238 the idea of an animated living nature in
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00281-00053239-00053454 which god himself lived found its place
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00282-00053455-00053679 again in the imagination of the people
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00283-00053679-00053854 in art this was expressed in the
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00284-00053855-00054023 depiction of nature and people in
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00285-00054024-00054126 realistic forms
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00286-00054127-00054342 showing their beauty this ended the
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00287-00054344-00054535 mentality that treated nature and the
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00288-00054536-00054799 environment as something inert
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00289-00054800-00054991 at the same time the state tried further
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00290-00054991-00055191 to dissolve the social knowledge system
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00291-00055191-00055311 of natural healing
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00292-00055312-00055575 of birth life and the human body this
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00293-00055576-00055750 knowledge came from millennia of women's
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00294-00055751-00055838 experiences
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00295-00055839-00056071 who developed it and passed it on women
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00296-00056072-00056223 who believed in the power of natural
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00297-00056224-00056382 ways and had a deep relationship with
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00298-00056383-00056535 nature were executed during the
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00299-00056536-00056630 inquisition
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00300-00056632-00056782 possessing this knowledge was seen as
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00301-00056783-00056982 the work of the devil and the women were
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00302-00056983-00057094 called witches
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00303-00057095-00057247 they were considered remnants of the
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00304-00057248-00057415 times in which myths
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00305-00057416-00057615 goddess cults and belief in nature
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00306-00057616-00057791 existed along with the worship of
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00307-00057791-00057926 natural places
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00308-00057927-00058126 the attack on women and the femicide
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00309-00058127-00058294 committed against them
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00310-00058295-00058519 also represented an attack on the social
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00311-00058520-00058623 bond with nature
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00312-00058624-00058879 and knowledge of it this attack wasn't
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00313-00058879-00059063 limited to the societies in the global
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00314-00059064-00059126 north
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00315-00059127-00059350 with colonialism social relations of
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00316-00059351-00059503 nature in the global south have
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00317-00059504-00059647 increasingly been subjected to the
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00318-00059648-00059823 paradigms of exploitation
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00319-00059824-00060038 destruction and centralization of social
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00320-00060039-00060230 knowledge at the same time
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00321-00060232-00060415 the ideas of the indigenous populations
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00322-00060416-00060582 of the colonies exerted a great
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00323-00060583-00060711 fascination
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00324-00060712-00060911 their attachment to nature and freedom
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00325-00060912-00061103 lack of institutionalized conditions of
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00326-00061104-00061206 exploitation
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00327-00061207-00061391 and their participation in a collective
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00328-00061391-00061542 community that left little room for
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00329-00061544-00061663 individual greed
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00330-00061664-00061926 reminded people from war-torn europe of
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00331-00061927-00062087 the natural society
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00332-00062088-00062279 the centralization of agriculture the
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00333-00062279-00062471 expropriation of peasant land
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00334-00062472-00062615 and migration to cities further
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00335-00062616-00062759 destroyed society's knowledge of
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00336-00062760-00062911 ecological processes
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00337-00062912-00063142 and its links to nature the seizure of
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00338-00063144-00063342 land by feudal lords converted large
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00339-00063344-00063406 parts
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00340-00063407-00063638 of previously collective land into the
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00341-00063639-00063871 private possessions of individuals
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00342-00063872-00064023 with the development of science as a
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00343-00064024-00064215 method for explaining the world
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00344-00064216-00064399 the understanding of natural biological
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00345-00064400-00064638 processes also deepened and spread
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00346-00064639-00064806 this was defined more and more in a
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00347-00064807-00065054 scientific way and described in rational
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00348-00065055-00065279 rather than religious terms humanity
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00349-00065279-00065463 detached itself from nature
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00350-00065464-00065638 it again put itself at the center of
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00351-00065639-00065831 things and now considered nature and
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00352-00065832-00065999 even the human body as inert
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00353-00066000-00066279 static objects for research the
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00354-00066280-00066494 transition from a holistic world view
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00355-00066495-00066694 which regarded nature as animated to a
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00356-00066695-00066911 mechanism mechanistic world view of
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00357-00066912-00067071 positivist ideology
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00358-00067072-00067279 was a decisive step in the change in the
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00359-00067280-00067471 social relationship with nature
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00360-00067472-00067663 nature became inanimate matter that
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00361-00067664-00067823 could be worked divided
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00362-00067824-00068094 measured examined and controlled a
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00363-00068095-00068238 resource that might have a price
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00364-00068239-00068550 but no value as mere life often
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00365-00068551-00068791 nature is understood as all determining
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00366-00068792-00068975 the individual human being and society
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00367-00068976-00069143 itself are reduced to
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00368-00069144-00069391 zoological entities that follow the law
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00369-00069392-00069479 of nature
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00370-00069480-00069726 the survival of the fittest competition
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00371-00069727-00069855 and enmity
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00372-00069856-00070071 projected onto nature are reflected in
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00373-00070072-00070238 people and social affairs
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00374-00070239-00070550 war violence domination and oppression
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00375-00070551-00070719 are viewed as natural things from which
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00376-00070720-00070926 there is no escape this can only be
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00377-00070927-00070999 controlled
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00378-00071000-00071271 if at all by supernatural and superhuman
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00379-00071272-00071326 entity
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00380-00071327-00071526 the authoritarian state as proposed by
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00381-00071527-00071759 hops the difference between humanity and
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00382-00071760-00071959 nature dissolves almost completely
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00383-00071960-00072135 it is only the ability to think that
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00384-00072136-00072375 differentiates humans from animals
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00385-00072376-00072575 here lies the possibility of individual
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00386-00072576-00072726 reason and will
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00387-00072727-00072911 and with this the instinctiveness of
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00388-00072912-00073150 body and nature can be disciplined
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00389-00073151-00073382 the bourgeoisie enlightenment wanted to
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00390-00073383-00073575 take away humanity's fear of nature
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00391-00073576-00073711 so that nature could be completely
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00392-00073712-00073894 subjected to its own ends
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00393-00073895-00074062 the prerequisite for this was knowledge
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00394-00074063-00074303 of physical laws and technical tools
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00395-00074304-00074479 nature and society face each other in a
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00396-00074480-00074711 dualistic hostile relationship
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00397-00074712-00074838 it isn't surprising that such a
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00398-00074839-00075031 relationship with nature elicited other
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00399-00075032-00075143 reactions
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00400-00075144-00075343 an attitude developed that did not
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00401-00075344-00075599 regard nature as the enemy of society
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00402-00075600-00075871 but society as the enemy of nature in
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00403-00075872-00076031 the face of increasingly frightening
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00404-00076032-00076175 environmental catastrophes
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00405-00076176-00076399 for which humanity is responsible there
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00406-00076400-00076615 is a resignation and pessimism regarding
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00407-00076616-00076719 civilization
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00408-00076720-00076999 society and even humanity itself
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00409-00077000-00077175 technology is shown in contrast to
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00410-00077176-00077438 innocent organic nature science opposed
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00411-00077439-00077526 to
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00412-00077527-00077767 reverence for life reason against
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00413-00077768-00077911 innocent intuition
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00414-00077912-00078126 more or less humanity against all of
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00415-00078127-00078223 life
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00416-00078224-00078375 it's argued that humanity should
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00417-00078376-00078575 therefore subordinate itself to nature
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00418-00078576-00078815 and subject itself to nature's rules
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00419-00078816-00078975 but even in this primitivist
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00420-00078976-00079159 understanding of nature and humanity
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00421-00079160-00079399 their inner opposition their duality
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00422-00079400-00079550 persists
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00423-00079551-00079750 the deep alienation between humanity and
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00424-00079751-00079919 nature and between people and their
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00425-00079920-00080103 bodies is the legacy of positivist
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00426-00080104-00080199 science
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00427-00080200-00080462 it is the absolute subject object
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00428-00080463-00080550 relationship
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00429-00080551-00080750 that has entered human thinking via
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00430-00080751-00080862 positivism
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00431-00080863-00081031 and determines the basis of the social
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00432-00081032-00081199 relationship of nature and capitalist
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00433-00081200-00081326 modernity
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00434-00081327-00081526 the development of this mentality this
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00435-00081527-00081726 conception of nature became part of the
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00436-00081727-00081887 process of increasingly centralized
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00437-00081888-00081999 social systems
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00438-00082000-00082199 including the modern nation state this
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00439-00082200-00082355 mentality is interwoven with
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00440-00082356-00082494 industrialization
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00441-00082495-00082655 and the development of machinery and
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00442-00082656-00082935 engines the impact of this hierarchical
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00443-00082936-00083006 industrial
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00444-00083007-00083335 economy on soil air water and people has
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00445-00083336-00083487 expanded to such an extent that the
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00446-00083488-00083694 ecological system is now irreversibly
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00447-00083695-00083894 damaged
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00448-00083895-00084143 the capitalist modernity profit and
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00449-00084144-00084206 enrichment
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00450-00084207-00084399 as the meaning of the existence of all
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00451-00084400-00084582 life
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00452-00084583-00084759 a person alienated from nature is
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00453-00084760-00084894 alienated from
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00454-00084895-00085199 ends destroying his or herself no system
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00455-00085200-00085359 has shown this connection more clearly
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00456-00085360-00085518 than capitalist modernity
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00457-00085519-00085718 environmental destruction and ecological
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00458-00085719-00085887 crises go hand in hand with the
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00459-00085888-00086143 oppression and exploitation of people
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00460-00086144-00086287 capitalist modernity which makes a
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00461-00086288-00086511 commodity of everything has not even
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00462-00086512-00086743 stopped at the limits of life itself
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00463-00086744-00086943 through new technologies such as genetic
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00464-00086944-00087231 engineering life itself is commodified
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00465-00087232-00087494 in capitalist modernity the system
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00466-00087495-00087655 commands the entire planet as it
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00467-00087656-00087855 commands life itself
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00468-00087856-00088079 capitalism spread to all areas of life
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00469-00088080-00088255 seems to have no end in sight
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00470-00088256-00088471 the capitalist mode of production is
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00471-00088472-00088647 characterized by the necessity of
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00472-00088648-00088879 constant expansion
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00473-00088880-00089103 growth in this sense does not mean more
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00474-00089104-00089215 time health
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00475-00089216-00089447 happiness or contentment but only the
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00476-00089448-00089679 ever expanding increase in profits
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00477-00089680-00089887 the idea of a fulfilled life is to savor
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00478-00089888-00090071 as much as possible of what capitalist
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00479-00090072-00090223 modernity has to offer
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00480-00090224-00090479 creating a purely consumer society this
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00481-00090480-00090647 is the basic paradigm of capitalist
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00482-00090648-00090735 modernity
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00483-00090736-00090967 an imperialist all-consuming nature
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00484-00090968-00091159 destroying lifestyle
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00485-00091160-00091406 the exploitation of nature and humanity
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00486-00091407-00091623 to maximize the profits of a few has no
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00487-00091624-00091911 moral limits social status is defined by
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00488-00091912-00092047 power and wealth
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00489-00092048-00092238 individualism and greed have become
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00490-00092239-00092494 virtues disregard for everyone and
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00491-00092495-00092679 everything is reflected in society's
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00492-00092680-00092855 mentality and culture
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00493-00092856-00093038 it's accepted that development be it
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00494-00093039-00093174 human or natural
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00495-00093175-00093462 requires rivalry and competition profit
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00496-00093463-00093638 and enrichment become the meaning of
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00497-00093639-00093774 existence
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00498-00093775-00093991 the current ecological crisis has shaken
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00499-00093992-00094159 up the modern social natural
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00500-00094160-00094255 relationship
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00501-00094256-00094431 but the effects of trying to control and
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00502-00094432-00094694 commodify nature have become obvious
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00503-00094695-00094918 but the strategy of capitalist modernity
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00504-00094919-00095103 is now to make the ecological crisis
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00505-00095104-00095174 itself
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00506-00095175-00095318 the starting point of a renewed
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00507-00095319-00095491 deepening of the exploitation and
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00508-00095492-00095743 commodification of nature
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00509-00095744-00095935 because according to the experts and
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00510-00095936-00096143 economists whatever in nature doesn't
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00511-00096144-00096215 have a price
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00512-00096216-00096391 can't be appreciated and there will be
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00513-00096392-00096687 no economic incentives to spare it
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00514-00096688-00096855 this shows once again that a solution to
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00515-00096856-00096999 the ecological crisis
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00516-00097000-00097182 will only be possible with a fundamental
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00517-00097183-00097318 change in mentality
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00518-00097319-00097511 and the methods of production and the
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00519-00097512-00097711 overcoming of capitalist modernity
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00520-00097712-00097815 itself
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00521-00097816-00097991 the solution lies in restoring a
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00522-00097992-00098206 balanced relationship between nature
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00523-00098207-00098487 and humanity at all levels in this sense
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00524-00098488-00098655 it is about the renewed conscious
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00525-00098656-00098806 development of a democratic
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00526-00098807-00099111 ecological society
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00527-00099112-00099287 social ecology as a way out of
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00528-00099288-00099599 capitalist modernity
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00529-00099600-00099767 social ecology is the science of
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00530-00099768-00099943 people's relationship with their natural
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00531-00099944-00100126 and social environments
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00532-00100127-00100318 it examines how these relationships are
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00533-00100319-00100487 shaped from different perspectives
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00534-00100488-00100647 spanning classical scientific
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00535-00100648-00100887 disciplines including anthropology
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00536-00100888-00101159 philosophy history archaeology and
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00537-00101160-00101287 social theory
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00538-00101288-00101511 it is not a purely descriptive theory
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00539-00101512-00101638 its crucial project
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00540-00101639-00101831 is how the critical human nature
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00541-00101832-00102038 relationship can be reimagined and
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00542-00102039-00102191 transformed
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00543-00102192-00102391 in theorizing a new understanding of the
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00544-00102392-00102599 societal relationship to nature
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00545-00102600-00102815 social ecology offers decisive starting
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00546-00102816-00102902 points
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00547-00102903-00103071 humanity developed through a natural
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00548-00103072-00103206 process of evolution
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00549-00103207-00103439 in which early on there was neither
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00550-00103440-00103527 opposition
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00551-00103528-00103742 competition nor submission between
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00552-00103743-00103990 nature and human
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00553-00103991-00104166 in this process of social development
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00554-00104167-00104334 and in the organizational forums that
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00555-00104335-00104502 societies have adopted
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00556-00104503-00104694 there is a connection to natural
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00557-00104695-00104927 evolution we can think of pre-human
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00558-00104928-00104975 nature
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00559-00104976-00105247 plants and animals as first nature the
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00560-00105248-00105302 active
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00561-00105303-00105502 turbulent substance of organic life that
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00562-00105503-00105607 is developing toward
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00563-00105608-00105871 greater complexity and differentiation
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00564-00105872-00106102 arriving finally at second nature
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00565-00106103-00106310 human beings who are self-conscious and
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00566-00106311-00106543 aware able to intervene in the natural
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00567-00106544-00106654 world
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00568-00106655-00106910 the social and the natural permeate each
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00569-00106911-00106990 other
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00570-00106991-00107158 as human beings we will always have
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00571-00107159-00107343 basic natural needs even though
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00572-00107344-00107519 these have been institutionalized in
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00573-00107520-00107695 society through a variety of social
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00574-00107696-00107807 forms
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00575-00107808-00107983 we must also understand the uniqueness
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00576-00107983-00108175 of humanity's intellect in the interplay
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00577-00108176-00108383 of natural and social evolution
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00578-00108383-00108615 the brain did not come from nowhere but
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00579-00108616-00108799 was the result of a long evolutionary
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00580-00108800-00108966 process that slowly developed into a
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00581-00108967-00109134 complex nervous system
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00582-00109135-00109351 the intellect is thus deeply rooted in
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00583-00109352-00109590 nature this uniqueness is characterized
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00584-00109591-00109766 by the social behaviors of people their
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00585-00109767-00109863 creativity
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00586-00109864-00110207 and imagination in humans nature has
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00587-00110208-00110366 created a form of life that through
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00588-00110367-00110478 awareness and reason
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00589-00110479-00110702 can shape and change its environment
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00590-00110703-00110799 unimaginable
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00591-00110800-00111015 limitless paths of evolution can open up
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00592-00111016-00111119 before us
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00593-00111120-00111271 but humanity must also accept the
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00594-00111272-00111454 responsibility that results from its
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00595-00111455-00111558 creative power
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00596-00111559-00111695 and this connection with the creative
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00597-00111696-00111951 power of nature this does not happen by
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00598-00111952-00112134 denying our own productive and creative
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00599-00112135-00112319 powers and placing them in opposition to
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00600-00112320-00112486 the power of nature
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00601-00112488-00112734 by making a contrast between nature and
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00602-00112735-00112815 society
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00603-00112816-00113023 or between living fertility and dead
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00604-00113024-00113151 technology
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00605-00113152-00113327 rather we must see ourselves as
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00606-00113328-00113471 integrated with nature
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00607-00113472-00113599 viewing nature as a realm of
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00608-00113600-00113775 potentiality in which human beings
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00609-00113776-00113983 represent the apex of nature's long
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00610-00113983-00114127 evolution toward ever greater
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00611-00114128-00114215 consciousness
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00612-00114216-00114551 subjectivity creativity and freedom
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00613-00114552-00114758 humanity in effect becomes the potential
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00614-00114759-00114902 voice of a nature
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00615-00114903-00115031 rendered self-conscious and
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00616-00115032-00115343 self-formative bookchen
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00617-00115344-00115583 human beings alone are able to intervene
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00618-00115583-00115686 to change
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00619-00115688-00115847 the course of the natural world through
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00620-00115848-00116007 technology and innovation
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00621-00116008-00116166 the question is whether they will do it
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00622-00116167-00116343 rationally in the service of ever
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00623-00116344-00116454 greater freedom
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00624-00116455-00116807 or destructively cornerstone of a
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00625-00116808-00117231 democratic ecological social order
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00626-00117232-00117447 if human alienation from its natural
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00627-00117448-00117639 environment and ecological destruction
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00628-00117640-00117854 cannot be separated from internal social
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00629-00117855-00117958 conflicts
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00630-00117959-00118158 that social ecology must propose a new
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00631-00118159-00118375 social order
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00632-00118376-00118583 such an order must be based on radically
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00633-00118583-00118775 democratic structures and built up
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00634-00118776-00118999 outside of state power which has always
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00635-00119000-00119295 been a centralized structure of control
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00636-00119296-00119527 democracy is the antithesis to the state
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00637-00119528-00119695 disassociates itself from it and
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00638-00119696-00119910 represents a self-organized regulation
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00639-00119911-00120086 of the processes of societal
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00640-00120088-00120375 self-coordination in such a society
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00641-00120376-00120558 production of commodities can only take
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00642-00120559-00120758 place in the sense of a cooperative
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00643-00120759-00120951 ecological and decentralized mode of
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00644-00120952-00121063 production
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00645-00121064-00121254 these are determined based on democratic
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00646-00121255-00121439 process of negotiation
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00647-00121440-00121566 and with the awareness of the
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00648-00121567-00121783 possibilities of an ecological system in
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00649-00121783-00122031 balance with nature and human beings
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00650-00122032-00122223 this means that technologies modes of
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00651-00122224-00122390 production distribution
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00652-00122391-00122590 and forms of consumption will be decided
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00653-00122591-00122758 upon in terms of their impact on the
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00654-00122759-00122910 natural environment
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00655-00122911-00123095 at the same time decisions must be
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00656-00123096-00123366 evaluated on a longer term basis
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00657-00123367-00123607 often ecological consequences can only
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00658-00123608-00123751 be understood with a long-term
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00659-00123752-00123854 perspective
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00660-00123855-00124119 the eventual criterion is not only the
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00661-00124120-00124239 protection of nature
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00662-00124240-00124431 but the improvement of the ecosystem and
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00663-00124432-00124566 its equilibrium
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00664-00124567-00124751 if the state and capitalist modernity
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00665-00124752-00124919 derived their power from the creation of
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00666-00124920-00125158 a hegemonic culture and mentality
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00667-00125159-00125351 then an ecological society must be a
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00668-00125352-00125527 political and moral society
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00669-00125528-00125734 that offers mutual aid service to
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00670-00125735-00125847 society and nature
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00671-00125848-00126083 and an active role in one's own
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00672-00126083-00126199 self-determination
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00673-00126200-00126471 in this society humanity will regain an
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00674-00126472-00126623 understanding of nature that has
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00675-00126624-00126886 nearly been lost and if capitalism
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00676-00126888-00127086 alienated humanity from nature and from
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00677-00127088-00127166 the land
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00678-00127167-00127375 then an ecological society must insist
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00679-00127376-00127495 on love of the land
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00680-00127496-00127695 which houses people and gives them what
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00681-00127696-00127831 they need to live
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00682-00127832-00128078 as ajalon points out a life without the
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00683-00128079-00128158 awareness of
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00684-00128159-00128431 a nature that is alive and well talking
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00685-00128432-00128486 to us
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00686-00128488-00128702 living with us and living through it is
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00687-00128703-00128871 hardly worth living
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00688-00128872-00129134 a democratic ecological society is based
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00689-00129135-00129223 on the moment
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00690-00129224-00129431 of reconciliation between humanity and
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00691-00129432-00129671 nature which lies only in the overcoming
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00692-00129672-00129863 of domination over both
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00693-00129864-00130095 a fundamental prerequisite for this is
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00694-00130096-00130286 to subdue capitalist modernity with its
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00695-00130288-00130366 requirement of
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00696-00130367-00130671 oppression exploitation and accumulation
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00697-00130672-00130878 and eventually overcome it the
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00698-00130879-00131119 democratic ecological society will enter
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00699-00131120-00131319 into a new relationship with nature
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00700-00131320-00131566 to improve its beauty and diversity for
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00701-00131567-00132047 future generations
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00702-00132048-00132223 this has been a production of audible
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00703-00132224-00132414 anarchist you can find more audible
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00704-00132415-00132478 anarchist
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00705-00132479-00133551 on youtube
+hQm0fE0TCDg-00706-00133552-00133760 you
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00000-00000158-00000541 hello I'm Geoffrey Fox here and we're
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00001-00000542-00000815 starting with us next lecture set which
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00002-00000816-00001162 is on MapReduce in general and our duper
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00003-00001163-00001433 particular and we're going to start off
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00004-00001434-00001726 in this first few slides on the
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00005-00001727-00001930 introduction to the overall lecture and
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00006-00001932-00002377 on to our MapReduce and then to fit into
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00007-00002378-00002767 a cosmic viewers Big Data software
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00008-00002768-00003131 systems where produce is somehow a
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00009-00003132-00003344 symbol of big data and as it was the
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00010-00003345-00003725 first major technology introduced and it
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00011-00003726-00004045 was incredibly successful given that it
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00012-00004046-00004377 didn't really exist as a concept before
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00013-00004378-00004747 2004 when it was introduced by Jeffrey
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00014-00004748-00004988 Dean and collaborators at Google and
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00015-00004989-00005333 it's staggering how such a simple idea
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00016-00005334-00005545 and escaped people's notice actually
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00017-00005546-00005756 people use MapReduce before they didn't
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00018-00005757-00005954 call it by that name of but most
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00019-00005955-00006197 importantly they didn't realize the
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00020-00006198-00006463 importance of implementing an optimal
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00021-00006464-00006784 version of their particular technology
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00022-00006784-00007021 which is simple of them many of the
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00023-00007022-00007187 things people do is certainly in
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00024-00007188-00007559 parallel computing alright so here we
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00025-00007559-00008185 are this is pod a let's go so in this
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00026-00008186-00008374 lecture set we're going to have a little
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00027-00008375-00008560 bit of discussion of overall Big Data
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00028-00008561-00008873 issues a little bit of data a discussion
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00029-00008874-00009221 of both creative MapReduce and what it
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00030-00009222-00009476 does and how its set up we're going to
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00031-00009477-00009689 go through and detail the duper's the
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00032-00009690-00010124 base technology you know we will do two
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00033-00010125-00010463 examples while we're in this slide set
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00034-00010464-00010651 work out which is actually probably the
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00035-00010652-00010906 no that is the easiest of the two but
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00036-00010907-00011144 also it's the more typical and PageRank
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00037-00011145-00011401 which is historically important as it
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00038-00011402-00011612 established the world dominance of
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00039-00011613-00011909 Google but it is not actually terribly
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00040-00011910-00012110 typical of applications running on the
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00041-00012111-00012377 Duke but is typical of applications
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00042-00012378-00012874 running on more powerful but less will
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00043-00012875-00013099 use technologies now they're honest
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00044-00013100-00013340 slide decks in this
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00045-00013341-00013661 in this overall class including most
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00046-00013662-00013880 closely related this the slide deck on
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00047-00013881-00014668 Spock okay let's go alright here we are
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00048-00014669-00015079 this is a slide deck which summarizes
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00049-00015080-00015419 350 software systems and they are
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00050-00015419-00015629 arranged in 21 layers each of those
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00051-00015630-00015881 layers corresponds to a particular
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00052-00015882-00016069 functionality important in big data
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00053-00016071-00016424 systems and Hadoop fits into this very
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00054-00016425-00016805 important category 14a which is basic
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00055-00016806-00017075 programming model and run time and it
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00056-00017076-00017363 skylights MapReduce up here and a dupe
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00057-00017364-00017594 is the first entry in SPARC is the
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00058-00017595-00017972 second entry and 14 number 14 I
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00059-00017973-00018128 eventually however wish you only have
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00060-00018129-00018458 one layer of path around those concepts
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00061-00018459-00018776 but then I split it into what you might
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00062-00018777-00019040 call batch processing or repository
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00063-00019041-00019328 processing or stream processing stream
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00064-00019329-00019529 processing there's similar things that
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00065-00019530-00019960 to batch processing but does it for data
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00066-00019961-00020339 passing in and on real-time stream such
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00067-00020340-00020842 as twitter twitter tweets or e-commerce
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00068-00020843-00021359 clicks and so on and the amazing thing
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00069-00021360-00021662 is there are even in 2016 January there
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00070-00021663-00021986 are 350 there's probably 500 at least
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00071-00021987-00022244 now because I decided that I'd made the
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00072-00022245-00022607 point and I shouldn't I didn't even have
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00073-00022608-00022931 room ready to update it and we haven't
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00074-00022932-00023099 gained anything because we were just
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00075-00023100-00023378 adding more examples and I didn't find
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00076-00023379-00023711 any layers for some time this is a part
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00077-00023712-00024023 of a concept called HPC abbs the
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00078-00024024-00024188 high-performance computing in the hard
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00079-00024189-00024452 stuff a sheet big data system which is
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00080-00024453-00024694 our view of how these software systems
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00081-00024695-00025250 will be architected alright notice above
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00082-00025251-00025481 this level of things like hi which we
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00083-00025482-00025763 all come to which is sequel on top of
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00084-00025764-00026012 her to a dude was originally designed to
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00085-00026013-00026371 do database operations in a way that
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00086-00026372-00026573 made the perilous are much easier than
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00087-00026574-00026675 for traditional day
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00088-00026676-00027283 the base entrance alright so when we
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00089-00027285-00027494 look at MapReduce is another deep
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00090-00027495-00027938 MapReduce we notice it has a very nice
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00091-00027939-00028406 parallelism method which people find
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00092-00028407-00028601 very exciting because its simplicity we
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00093-00028602-00028883 know this is simplicity comes because
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00094-00028883-00029189 it's only doing simple problems if we
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00095-00029189-00029369 look back at some of the other days of
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00096-00029370-00029666 parallel computing we could actually do
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00097-00029667-00029855 lots of wonderful interfaces for
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00098-00029856-00030014 parallel computing for solving
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00099-00030014-00030332 differential equations but then after
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00100-00030333-00030595 about five years the sophisticated
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00101-00030595-00030887 solvers of such equations cut such
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00102-00030888-00031199 complex ideas that these simple methods
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00103-00031200-00031469 did not work we will have to see if Big
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00104-00031470-00031700 Data suffers that problem it might do
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00105-00031701-00031985 and these for some applications because
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00106-00031986-00032336 the reason my spark and a duper so easy
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00107-00032337-00032687 the us use is partly because they only
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00108-00032688-00032975 solve one problem all right
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00109-00032976-00033398 anyway and critical feature of a Dupin
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00110-00033399-00033551 spark and things is they're looking at
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00111-00033552-00033752 distributed computing now if you look at
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00112-00033753-00033896 parallel computing of the strictly
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00113-00033897-00034129 computing they're roughly the same thing
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00114-00034130-00034433 or the parallel computing we assume
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00115-00034434-00034613 everything is very close together so we
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00116-00034614-00034835 get very fast communication in
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00117-00034836-00035033 distributed computing we assume things
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00118-00035034-00035258 can be far apart although with no
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00119-00035259-00035405 silicon spray to get better performance
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00120-00035406-00035663 if things are closer to each other fault
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00121-00035664-00035831 tolerance is pretty important because
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00122-00035832-00036182 these big data systems are pretty pretty
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00123-00036183-00036533 messy they implemented in a way that
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00124-00036534-00036953 allows false to enter the system and we
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00125-00036954-00037187 need to find a very easy automatic
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00126-00037188-00037640 approach to fault tolerance driving the
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00127-00037641-00037946 big data system is data that data lives
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00128-00037947-00038222 in files this is the batch system but or
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00129-00038223-00038555 a positive system where it is files for
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00130-00038556-00038933 the real-time systems those data will be
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00131-00038934-00039131 streaming in from the outside world
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00132-00039132-00039347 and there are several interesting
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00133-00039348-00039524 programming models or programming
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00134-00039525-00039976 interface is attached to MapReduce
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00135-00039977-00040662 all right so we'd like a big data
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00136-00040663-00041060 originally when I used to do work in
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00137-00041061-00041501 this field maybe in the 80s I was told
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00138-00041502-00041785 the pub was important birth processing
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00139-00041786-00042133 ATM ATM transactions that's what was the
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00140-00042134-00042518 dominant business application and people
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00141-00042519-00042785 solve large scale computers the
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00142-00042786-00043033 companies to do that type of work a
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00143-00043034-00043258 transaction processing where each of the
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00144-00043259-00043511 transactions was incredibly high value
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00145-00043512-00043705 you're never allowed to make a mistake
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00146-00043706-00044045 in the bank processing but now no one
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00147-00044046-00044233 becomes at the Big Data revolution it
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00148-00044234-00044455 was much broader range of applications
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00149-00044456-00045007 Facebook YouTube Gmail Amazon this
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00150-00045008-00045370 snapchat dot dot dot and Instagram and
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00151-00045371-00045611 that's a broader range on LinkedIn and
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00152-00045612-00045907 that's a broader range of applications
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00153-00045908-00046124 especially if we're now going to look at
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00154-00046125-00046349 you know trying it to healthcare so
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00155-00046350-00046574 we're gonna be running genomic analysis
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00156-00046575-00046787 and things like that so much broader
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00157-00046788-00047137 range of applications and we needed more
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00158-00047138-00047476 sophisticated technology and also the
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00159-00047477-00047845 emphasis on robustus was not quite as
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00160-00047846-00048170 important when you do a search you don't
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00161-00048171-00048349 really notice that the search and he
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00162-00048350-00048512 went over ninety nine point three
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00163-00048513-00048758 percent of the world's data rather than
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00164-00048759-00048992 ninety nine point nine nine percent and
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00165-00048993-00049364 so a certain amount of faults in reading
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00166-00049365-00049661 in this case leading the search engine
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00167-00049662-00050168 the store search data is allowed even in
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00168-00050169-00050464 a tweet well maybe there's some very
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00169-00050465-00050701 important people whose tweets a sacred
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00170-00050702-00050896 but in general if there's a small
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00171-00050897-00051080 mistake in a tweet or a tweet gets
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00172-00051081-00051346 delayed a little that is not a disaster
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00173-00051347-00051565 whereas if you made a mistake in a bank
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00174-00051566-00051714 account
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00175-00051715-00051976 that would be a catastrophe and people
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00176-00051977-00052279 assume that mistakes are never made so a
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00177-00052280-00052744 huge emphasis in earlier data processing
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00178-00052745-00052949 system was never making faults in
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00179-00052950-00053126 MapReduce or more generally cloud
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00180-00053127-00053250 computing
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00181-00053251-00053504 you need to control faults and be
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00182-00053505-00053844 smoothly oblivious to them and address
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00183-00053845-00054525 them so we then went to there was a lot
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00184-00054526-00054704 of research actually most of it was in
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00185-00054705-00054978 industry places like Google produce most
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00186-00054979-00055272 of the Pioneer results because they had
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00187-00055273-00055440 actually all the data it's not so easy
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00188-00055441-00055839 to do this stage of actually even there
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00189-00055840-00056058 it's not so easy to do research in this
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00190-00056059-00056307 area because we don't have the data that
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00191-00056308-00056940 these large companies do alright so here
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00192-00056941-00057303 we have this really major major work not
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00193-00057304-00057491 everybody including me recognizes
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00194-00057492-00057825 importance when it came out in 2004 it
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00195-00057826-00058016 is now cited by almost twenty four
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00196-00058017-00058704 thousand other papers and it's up on the
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00197-00058704-00058904 Google website and obviously lots and
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00198-00058905-00059438 lots of other places and this was this
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00199-00059439-00059733 discuss in this section so MapReduce was
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00200-00059734-00060120 not noted for its deep sophisticated
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00201-00060121-00060372 ideas but the fact that it highlighted
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00202-00060373-00060810 an incredibly important application
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00203-00060811-00061095 paradigm and that he showed how to do
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00204-00061096-00061553 that with huge efficiency and usability
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00205-00061554-00061952 remarkable so here we have it
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00206-00061953-00062363 illustrated here by Sam who is trying to
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00207-00062364-00062811 have some juice made from the Apple and
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00208-00062812-00063329 so this this is a sequential Sam he is
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00209-00063330-00063585 just making one juice
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00210-00063586-00063905 Lamine Happel and here is the equivalent
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00211-00063907-00064362 of the map process which is cutting the
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00212-00064363-00064614 apple putting in the blender and making
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00213-00064615-00065138 the juice that's this hole here is the
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00214-00065139-00065405 map and here where there is no reduce
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00215-00065407-00065574 because you just a lot of reduction is
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00216-00065575-00065757 just pouring all the results into that
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00217-00065758-00066396 in the glass alright now we want you
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00218-00066397-00066597 know if we have lots of Sam's
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00219-00066598-00066900 and lots of juice and the juice needs to
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00220-00066901-00067140 be configured in different ways we have
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00221-00067141-00067722 a more sophisticated problem and we have
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00222-00067723-00068214 to be more creative and notice that we
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00223-00068215-00068445 have we introduced a key value pairs
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00224-00068446-00068625 which are critical in Map Reduce because
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00225-00068626-00068877 it's the data structure and supports the
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00226-00068878-00069168 key is the pay for Apple or Oh for
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00227-00069169-00069477 orange of beef or pineapple and every
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00228-00069478-00069702 meal apple or real orange of your
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00229-00069703-00070023 pineapple is associated with the key the
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00230-00070024-00070424 value of the key is the actual physical
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00231-00070425-00070845 fruit then we go through a map stage
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00232-00070846-00071202 which is cutting the fruit up yummy mmm
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00233-00071203-00071487 here we are lots of map with some apples
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00234-00071488-00071883 and knives and those mappers are all
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00235-00071884-00072117 diligently work in parallel that disease
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00236-00072118-00072363 so I know it works in parallel and they
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00237-00072364-00072708 produce a whole set of output key value
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00238-00072709-00072906 pairs but there's still key value pairs
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00239-00072907-00073068 but the actual value and the keys are
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00240-00073069-00073376 the same or more they really actually
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00241-00073377-00073647 apple slices and orange slices and
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00242-00073648-00073848 pineapple slices and they're related but
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00243-00073849-00074082 not quite the same maybe and the values
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00244-00074083-00074202 are something different cuz they're all
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00245-00074203-00074556 sliced up then what do we do we then do
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00246-00074557-00075182 a reduction operation which sorts the
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00247-00075183-00075537 apples pineapples and oranges into
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00248-00075538-00075756 groups which you want to make particular
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00249-00075757-00075948 to so here we have the apple orange
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00250-00075949-00076218 juice the orange pineapple juice and the
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00251-00076219-00076542 pineapple apple juice and those go into
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00252-00076543-00076773 separate blenders this is the reduction
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00253-00076774-00077034 operation and they finally get stored in
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00254-00077035-00077388 the bottle so that when there's now sold
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00255-00077389-00077586 online that previously have been sold in
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00256-00077587-00077841 a store all right here we go that's the
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00257-00077842-00077877 answer
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00258-00077878-00078189 this is MapReduce for drinking from
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00259-00078190-00078795 eating fruit so you map a list of key
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00260-00078796-00079017 value pairs into another list of key
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00261-00079018-00079278 value pairs you group them by the key
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00262-00079279-00079518 and you reduce them to a list of values
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00263-00079519-00080079 this is the key our concept in MapReduce
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00264-00080080-00080382 all right so after that example we get
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00265-00080383-00080682 on to some more formal and probably less
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00266-00080683-00080980 exciting discussion so it's a
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00267-00080981-00081357 programming model or a one-time model is
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00268-00081358-00081642 both programming a runtime model it's
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00269-00081643-00081871 involved with huge data sets because
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00270-00081872-00082107 when we apply because this a this
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00271-00082108-00082287 effectively describes every single
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00272-00082288-00082557 database operation is a particular case
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00273-00082558-00083144 of MapReduce and terabytes of course is
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00274-00083145-00083382 pretty small about the data these days
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00275-00083383-00083961 it's going to be petabytes exabytes said
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00276-00083962-00084340 the bytes and so on but actually today
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00277-00084341-00084661 in science hundreds of terabytes is a
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00278-00084662-00084963 large number for operational use and the
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00279-00084964-00085180 largest experiment which is the Large
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00280-00085181-00085518 Hadron Collider at CERN which is looking
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00281-00085519-00085749 for explosions and related fundamental
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00282-00085750-00085996 particles it has now around a hundred
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00283-00085997-00087022 petabytes of data so ok and now we need
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00284-00087023-00087310 to process this and that processing as I
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00285-00087311-00087492 mentioned is typically done in the
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00286-00087493-00087750 distributive fashion when Google
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00287-00087751-00088042 processes it searches it is not doing
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00288-00088043-00088317 them all processing in one place it's
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00289-00088318-00088537 doing it in a coordinated fashion across
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00290-00088538-00088737 the world and indeed the people
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00291-00088738-00089181 processing the Higgs boson data from
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00292-00089182-00089418 CERN are also processing it on the
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00293-00089419-00089617 round-the-world although they would not
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00294-00089618-00089775 call it the cloud they will call it the
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00295-00089776-00090091 grid although it is essentially a early
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00296-00090092-00090346 version what's a great ISM for this
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00297-00090347-00090648 purpose is an early version of a crowd
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00298-00090649-00091015 each instance of MapReduce MapReduce has
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00299-00091016-00091222 lots of instances each one will probably
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00300-00091223-00091453 run on the individual cluster and so
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00301-00091454-00091609 actually in some sense is parallel
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00302-00091610-00091974 computing MapReduce does itself not
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00303-00091975-00092236 employ terribly close coupling between
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00304-00092237-00092521 components and so effectively it looks
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00305-00092522-00092700 more like a distributed computing
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00306-00092701-00092917 paradigm because the key difference in
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00307-00092918-00093157 parallel in the supercomputing is
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00308-00093158-00093361 the Prowler competing you one
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00309-00093362-00093532 microsecond latency in the
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00310-00093533-00093871 synchronization between different parts
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00311-00093872-00094186 whereas for distributed computing it can
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00312-00094187-00094669 be certainly milliseconds and often when
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00313-00094670-00094846 he said across the country hundreds of
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00314-00094847-00095256 milliseconds so naturally MapReduce has
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00315-00095257-00095443 maps and reductions I already
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00316-00095444-00095694 Illustrated that of fruit mapping is
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00317-00095695-00095992 cutting enough reduction is joining the
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00318-00095993-00096181 different cutters joining all the
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00319-00096182-00096628 oranges together and so on so here are
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00320-00096629-00096951 some pictures coming from the nist
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00321-00096952-00097441 working group on big data and here's an
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00322-00097442-00097819 example where you might take data coming
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00323-00097820-00098206 in that data is stored on a disk this
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00324-00098207-00098425 dish has an interface which is either a
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00325-00098426-00098826 file system where do file system HDFS is
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00326-00098827-00099040 the one you'd most look at for this
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00327-00099041-00099259 these in the same thing lecture notes
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00328-00099260-00099531 and HDFS is hugely popular as the
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00329-00099532-00099799 backend for everything HBase is a
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00330-00099800-00100075 so-called no sequel database which is a
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00331-00100076-00100540 slightly more advanced interface to HDFS
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00332-00100541-00101110 also coming originally from Google and
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00333-00101111-00101344 then on top of this we will run these
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00334-00101345-00101538 various technologies all in that
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00335-00101539-00101887 wonderful set of 350 I showed and the
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00336-00101888-00102049 one we're looking at here is a dupe and
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00337-00102050-00102582 will later look at spark giraffe is a MP
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00338-00102583-00102871 Pig is a way of running lots of a Duke
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00339-00102872-00103134 jobs together giraffe is particularly
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00340-00103135-00103341 aimed and comes from Facebook and
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00341-00103342-00103860 there's aimed the processing the graphs
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00342-00103861-00104058 the Facebook gets from connections of
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00343-00104059-00104283 people on top of this programming model
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00344-00104284-00104604 say Hadoop we were under library with
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00345-00104605-00104944 functionality such as well who are or
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00346-00104945-00105265 are we and or we will use a database and
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00347-00105266-00105532 hi there's the engine which you put on
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00348-00105533-00105765 top of our do to give it to be able to
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00349-00105766-00106035 make sequel queries at it and that's
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00350-00106036-00106204 good because many people know how to
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00351-00106205-00106358 make sequel queries
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00352-00106358-00106612 and I was controlled by h-cat not the
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00353-00106613-00106945 metadata control that's one example
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00354-00106946-00107500 another example here is some octave more
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00355-00107501-00107798 sophisticated case with by the way five
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00356-00107799-00108025 and four and ten adjust there are ten
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00357-00108026-00108265 separate big days of scenarios
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00358-00108266-00108548 identified by NIST I just chose r2 here
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00359-00108549-00108773 in other slides I do some of the other
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00360-00108774-00109285 ones and this again has HDFS and HBase
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00361-00109286-00109612 and again as a dupe through pig but on
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00362-00109613-00110023 top of this it has multiple engines but
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00363-00110024-00110495 they could be trusting the last one can
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00364-00110496-00110657 be visualization the first could be
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00365-00110658-00110962 clustering the second could be Sydney up
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00366-00110963-00111199 the cluster putting in a user interface
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00367-00111200-00111526 to improve it or analyze it and then you
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00368-00111527-00111664 have to link all these things together
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00369-00111665-00111865 which are currently rather simple as a
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00370-00111866-00112058 pipeline and that is called
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00371-00112058-00112453 orchestration or workflow which is this
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00372-00112454-00112871 layer here and our cheerful user is
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00373-00112872-00113183 invoking the pipeline and examining the
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00374-00113183-00113614 final results the initialization a dupe
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00375-00113615-00113854 is effectively used in within each of
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00376-00113855-00114095 these stages spark can actually do the
+hTXr2bBpM6c-00377-00114096-00114415 overall orchestration
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00000-00000056-00000313 japanese philosophy has historically
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00001-00000314-00000527 been a fusion of both indigenous shinto
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00002-00000528-00000707 and continental religions such as
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00003-00000708-00000970 Buddhism and Confucianism formerly
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00004-00000971-00001162 heavily influenced by both Chinese
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00005-00001163-00001406 philosophy and Indian philosophy as with
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00006-00001407-00001661 my toga ku and Zen much modern Japanese
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00007-00001662-00001877 philosophy is now also influenced by
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00008-00001878-00002352 Western philosophy
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00009-00002353-00002861 soppec ancient and medieval thought
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00010-00002862-00003131 before feudalism was firmly established
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00011-00003132-00003329 in Japan Buddhism occupied the
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00012-00003329-00003565 mainstream of Japanese thought the
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00013-00003567-00003770 Buddhist culture introduced politically
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00014-00003771-00003974 by Prince Shotoku is completed as the
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00015-00003975-00004247 making a country safe thought in the
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00016-00004248-00004517 Nara period when the Heian period seven
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00017-00004518-00004757 nine four one one eight five began in
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00018-00004758-00005006 substitution for that making a country
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00019-00005007-00005267 safe thought form of esoteric Buddhism
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00020-00005268-00005486 collectively known as Mikio became
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00021-00005487-00005759 widespread however in the late noble era
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00022-00005760-00005963 when pessimism was popular due to the
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00023-00005964-00006215 belief that Buddhism will decline during
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00024-00006216-00006518 the latter days of this world the Pure
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00025-00006519-00006698 Land movement spread out encouraging
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00026-00006698-00007028 anticipation of a future life as a means
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00027-00007029-00007273 to cope with desperation over life in
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00028-00007275-00007555 this world during the Kamakura period
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00029-00007556-00007889 1185 to 1333 when government dominated
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00030-00007890-00008123 by the samurai class began a new
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00031-00008123-00008294 Buddhism for the newly risen class
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00032-00008295-00008700 samurai appears
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00033-00008701-00008991 topic arrival of Buddhism and early
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00034-00008992-00009419 influence in Japan
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00035-00009420-00009667 in ancient Japan the arrival of Buddhism
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00036-00009668-00009853 closely relates the national
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00037-00009854-00009992 construction and the national
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00038-00009993-00010259 centralization of power Prince Shotoku
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00039-00010260-00010510 and the Soga family fought and overcame
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00040-00010511-00010685 the mono no Bey family who had handled
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00041-00010686-00010864 the ancient Japanese religion and
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00042-00010865-00011038 elaborated a plan for national
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00043-00011039-00011227 governance based on the unification of
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00044-00011228-00011413 the legal code system and Buddhism
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00045-00011414-00011671 while cooperating with the Soga family
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00046-00011672-00011770 Prince Shotoku
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00047-00011771-00011948 who is the regent of the Empress Sueko
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00048-00011949-00012195 showed a deep understanding in foreign
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00049-00012196-00012470 Buddhism and plan to stabilise national
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00050-00012471-00012721 politics through the use of Buddhism the
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00051-00012722-00012905 thought that national peace and security
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00052-00012906-00013085 came through the power of Buddhism is
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00053-00013086-00013325 called the making a country safe
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00054-00013326-00013606 thought in the Nara period in particular
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00055-00013607-00013775 the times of Emperor's show me the
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00056-00013776-00014015 kokubunji temples and cuckoo band niji
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00057-00014016-00014162 temples were erected throughout the
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00058-00014163-00014378 whole country and todaiji temple and the
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00059-00014379-00014627 daibutsu were erected in nara the
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00060-00014628-00014837 Buddhist policy of the state reached its
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00061-00014838-00015065 apex during the Nara period as evidenced
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00062-00015066-00015283 by jen-jen of the Tang Dynasty bringing
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00063-00015284-00015485 an imperial ordination platform to
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00064-00015486-00015781 todaiji temple while nara buddhism
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00065-00015782-00016022 followed only the making a country safe
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00066-00016022-00016247 thought high in buddhism brought not
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00067-00016247-00016459 only national peace and security but
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00068-00016460-00016747 also the personal worldly profit because
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00069-00016748-00016922 practitioners of high-end buddhism
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00070-00016923-00017114 frequently performed severe ascetic
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00071-00017115-00017350 practices incantations and prayers in
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00072-00017351-00017530 the mountains this buddhism came to be
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00073-00017531-00017803 called Mikio Kukai a buddhist monk
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00074-00017804-00018053 learned chinese esoteric Buddhism while
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00075-00018054-00018242 on a diplomatic mission to the Chinese
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00076-00018243-00018434 Court and combined Japanese Buddhism
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00077-00018435-00018674 with Chinese esoteric Buddhist practices
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00078-00018675-00018953 to form Japanese Shingon Buddhism say
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00079-00018954-00019162 Chao a Buddhist monk who also journeyed
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00080-00019163-00019334 to China learned the practices of the
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00081-00019335-00019544 Chinese Tendai sect and argued that the
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00082-00019545-00019718 teachings of the Lotus Sutra should be
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00083-00019719-00019987 the core of Japanese Buddhism by the
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00084-00019988-00020222 late Heian era the earthly focus of high
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00085-00020223-00020383 in Buddhism led Buddhist monks to
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00086-00020384-00020662 declare a sinful age wherein the
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00087-00020663-00020867 possibility of relief in this world was
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00088-00020868-00021053 denied and therefore a trend of looking
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00089-00021054-00021215 for reincarnation to the Buddhists
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00090-00021216-00021521 paradise after death arose additionally
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00091-00021522-00021719 the new thought that Buddhism will
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00092-00021720-00021908 decline during the latter days of this
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00093-00021909-00022162 world led to the rise of the Pure Land
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00094-00022163-00022391 movement this movement spearheaded by
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00095-00022392-00022639 kouya a follower of Pure Land Buddhism
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00096-00022640-00022814 preached faith to the Amitabha
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00097-00022815-00022952 and taught that all people could reach
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00098-00022953-00023161 the Buddhist paradise not just Buddhist
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00099-00023162-00023554 monks
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00100-00023555-00024088 topic kamakura Buddhism
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00101-00024089-00024310 the johto faith which affected by the
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00102-00024311-00024466 johto sect of the late heian period
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00103-00024467-00024667 relies on salvation through the
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00104-00024668-00024871 benevolence of Amitabha and is going to
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00105-00024872-00025005 be relieved by its power
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00106-00025006-00025279 honan who initiated the johto sect of
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00107-00025280-00025459 Buddhism abandoned other ascetic
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00108-00025460-00025714 practices entirely he preached his
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00109-00025714-00025914 pupils to believe in Amitabha and to
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00110-00025916-00026269 earnestly pray namu Amida butsu and so
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00111-00026270-00026502 they would go to the paradise his pupil
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00112-00026504-00026713 Shinran who initiated Pure Land Buddhism
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00113-00026714-00026929 thoroughly carried out hone ins teaching
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00114-00026930-00027140 and preached the absolute dependence in
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00115-00027141-00027390 addition Shinran advocated that an
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00116-00027391-00027595 object of the relief of the Amitabha was
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00117-00027595-00027769 a criminal who was aware of a worldly
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00118-00027770-00028081 and desirous criminal oneself if and who
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00119-00028082-00028314 initiated the Zhi Shu sect began the
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00120-00028316-00028577 chanting religious dance
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00121-00028579-00028836 as contrast with dependent Johto faith
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00122-00028837-00029067 Zen Buddhism attempts to be spiritually
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00123-00029068-00029364 self awakened by Zen meditation ice I
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00124-00029364-00029607 learned rinzai sect in China he gave
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00125-00029608-00029805 pupils a difficult problem and he made
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00126-00029806-00029979 them solving the problem and so his
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00127-00029980-00030111 pupils would be enlightened by
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00128-00030112-00030393 themselves Rinzai Zen was supported
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00129-00030394-00030612 widely by the upper samurai class in the
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00130-00030613-00030726 Kamakura period
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00131-00030727-00031058 Dogen learned Soto sect in China opposed
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00132-00031060-00031269 to I Sai he preached enlightenment by
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00133-00031270-00031410 earnest sitting meditation
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00134-00031411-00031695 zazen Soto Zen was supported by the
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00135-00031695-00032037 local samurais most schools of Nichiren
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00136-00032038-00032319 Buddhism Japanese wah wah Shifu jaha
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00137-00032320-00032520 kabuki Oh referred to the priest and
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00138-00032520-00032685 teacher Nichiren as their founding
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00139-00032686-00032952 father in his teachings he underlined
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00140-00032953-00033162 the - his mind supremacy of the Lotus
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00141-00033163-00033423 Sutra he advocated the attainment of
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00142-00033424-00033609 Buddhahood during ones lifetime and
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00143-00033610-00033780 regarded his interpretation of the
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00144-00033781-00033960 Buddhist teachings the correct form of
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00145-00033961-00034134 practice for the latter day of the Lama
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00146-00034135-00034422 pal one of his major treatises is the
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00147-00034423-00034758 ratio and koku run on establishing the
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00148-00034759-00034914 correct teaching for the peace of the
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00149-00034915-00035172 land the chanting of the mantra namu
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00150-00035173-00035469 myoho renge Kyo is to this day the
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00151-00035470-00035685 central practice to almost all Nichiren
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00152-00035686-00036169 Buddhist schools and organizations
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00153-00036170-00036530 topic early modern thought
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00154-00036531-00036722 you
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00155-00036723-00036938 whereas the ancient and medieval thought
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00156-00036939-00037175 of Japan was tied closely to Buddhism
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00157-00037176-00037373 the early modern thought of Japan was
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00158-00037374-00037613 mainly Confucianism or neo-confucianism
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00159-00037614-00037829 which was designated for official study
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00160-00037830-00038102 of the Tokugawa Shogunate in addition
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00161-00038103-00038345 rationale Confucianism stimulated kaku
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00162-00038346-00038402 kaku
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00163-00038403-00038609 rangiku and the non official popular
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00164-00038610-00039046 thought after the Middle Edo period
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00165-00039047-00039551 topic Confucianism
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00166-00039552-00039821 in the edo period Confucianism was the
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00167-00039822-00040064 authorized study various schools of
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00168-00040065-00040415 neo-confucianism were popular the sushi
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00169-00040416-00040643 school of neo-confucianism respected
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00170-00040644-00040879 family like feudal social position order
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00171-00040880-00041171 Hayashi raison assumed the sushi school
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00172-00041172-00041345 of neo-confucianism to be the
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00173-00041346-00041510 theoretical basics of the Tokugawa
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00174-00041511-00041762 Shogunate through the principle of
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00175-00041763-00041939 civilian government Yoshi Macedo
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00176-00041940-00042167 dedicating to Confucius was established
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00177-00042168-00042443 by the Ken's eye reforms the sushi
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00178-00042444-00042653 school of neo-confucianism were still
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00179-00042654-00042824 more strengthened and authorized by the
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00180-00042825-00043100 Tokugawa Shogunate in addition the
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00181-00043101-00043277 thought of a school of the sushi school
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00182-00043278-00043511 of neo-confucianism gave big influence
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00183-00043512-00043679 to the political movement advocating
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00184-00043680-00043829 reverence for the emperor and the
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00185-00043830-00043991 expulsion of foreigners of the late
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00186-00043992-00044321 Tokugawa era in contrast with the sushi
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00187-00044322-00044579 school of neo-confucianism the Wong yang
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00188-00044580-00044759 means school of neo-confucianism
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00189-00044760-00044996 respecting practical ethics consistently
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00190-00044997-00045197 monitored and oppressed by the Tokugawa
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00191-00045198-00045395 Shogunate because of criticisms for the
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00192-00045396-00045581 socio-political conditions under the
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00193-00045582-00045896 Tokugawa Shogunate the third schools of
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00194-00045897-00046133 neo-confucianism took consideration into
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00195-00046134-00046355 the real intentions of original text by
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00196-00046356-00046658 Confucius and Mencius yamaga soko
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00197-00046659-00046883 established his philosophy on Confucian
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00198-00046884-00047085 ethics and assumed the samurai to be the
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00199-00047086-00047375 highest class Ito Jin's I paid attention
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00200-00047376-00047777 to Ren of Confucius and he respected Ren
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00201-00047778-00048077 as the love for another person in truth
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00202-00048078-00048356 as pure consideration in addition
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00203-00048357-00048569 deriving from his substantial studies of
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00204-00048570-00048779 ancient Chinese classics OBS or I
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00205-00048780-00049016 insisted that original Confucian spirit
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00206-00049017-00049160 is to rule the world and to save a
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00207-00049161-00049547 citizen
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00208-00049548-00050071 topic kaku kaku and rangiku
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00209-00050072-00050317 in the middle of the Edo period Kaku
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00210-00050318-00050527 Kaku the study of ancient Japanese
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00211-00050528-00050713 thought and culture became popular
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00212-00050714-00050923 against foreign ideas such as Buddhism
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00213-00050924-00051238 or Confucianism by sakoku policy of the
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00214-00051239-00051454 Tokugawa Shogunate Edo intellectuals
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00215-00051454-00051658 could not have any positive contact with
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00216-00051659-00051886 Western civilization and so Ranga ku
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00217-00051887-00052080 Dutch learning was the only window to
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00218-00052082-00052363 the West in the middle days of the Edo
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00219-00052364-00052612 period kaku kaku became popular while
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00220-00052613-00052771 being influenced by positivist
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00221-00052772-00052957 Confucianism with nationalism as a
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00222-00052958-00053287 background Kaku Kaku positively studied
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00223-00053288-00053452 ancient Japanese thought and culture
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00224-00053453-00053986 including Koji ki nihon shoki and mani o
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00225-00053987-00054214 shoe and they aimed at excavating
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00226-00054215-00054424 original moral culture of Japan which
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00227-00054425-00054598 was different from Confucianism and
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00228-00054599-00054889 Buddhism kimono mabu Chi wrestled with
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00229-00054890-00055159 the study of man yo shoe and called
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00230-00055160-00055504 mas'r Albury for masculine and tolerant
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00231-00055504-00055716 style and he evaluated the collection as
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00232-00055717-00055966 pure and simple through his study of the
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00233-00055966-00056217 kojiki Motori Morinaga argued that the
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00234-00056219-00056404 essence of the japanese literature came
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00235-00056404-00056707 from mono no aware which was natural
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00236-00056708-00056887 feelings to occur when you contacted
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00237-00056888-00057163 with an object he respected Japanese
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00238-00057164-00057466 Yamato spirit instead of Chinese
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00239-00057466-00057735 Confucianism Buddhism kara spirit
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00240-00057736-00058024 according to him Kaku Kaku should pursue
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00241-00058025-00058354 Japanese old way of Shinto through his
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00242-00058354-00058594 study of Kaku Kaku Harada at soutane
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00243-00058595-00058852 advocated nationalistic state Shinto the
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00244-00058853-00059047 obedience to the emperor and abolition
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00245-00059048-00059302 of Confucianism and Buddhism it was a
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00246-00059303-00059521 driving force to the end of the Tokugawa
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00247-00059522-00059760 Shogunate and the Meiji Restoration in
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00248-00059761-00060042 sakoku period of the Edo period there
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00249-00060044-00060265 was no direct contact with the West but
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00250-00060266-00060484 rangiku became popular by encouraging
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00251-00060485-00060691 importation of Western books translated
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00252-00060691-00060928 in Chinese from China during the Kyoto
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00253-00060929-00061228 reforms may no Ryota ku and Sugita
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00254-00061229-00061495 Genpact who translated Dutch Tafel
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00255-00061496-00061813 Anatomy into Japanese Dutch learning
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00256-00061814-00062023 unfolded to other Western studies such
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00257-00062024-00062215 as British French and American Studies
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00258-00062216-00062505 by the late Tokugawa era the Mandurah
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00259-00062507-00062902 japanese spirit Western civilization was
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00260-00062903-00063082 completed by Sakuma shows and
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00261-00063083-00063286 straightforward expression Eastern
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00262-00063287-00063526 ethics and Western Technol
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00263-00063527-00063835 because Takano joy and watanabe kazan of
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00264-00063836-00064021 the person of Dutch learning criticized
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00265-00064022-00064225 sakoku strictly they were oppressed by
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00266-00064226-00064628 the Tokugawa Shogunate
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00267-00064629-00065129 topic popular thought
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00268-00065130-00065382 in the Edit period private schools were
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00269-00065383-00065559 opened by samurais merchants and
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00270-00065560-00065817 scholars who played an active part their
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00271-00065818-00065967 thoughts were criticisms for the
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00272-00065968-00066297 dominant feudal order Ishida baigan
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00273-00066298-00066543 synthesized Confucianism Buddhism and
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00274-00066544-00066735 Shinto and established practical
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00275-00066736-00067014 philosophy for the masses he recommended
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00276-00067015-00067197 working hard at commerce as the effect
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00277-00067198-00067506 by honesty and thrift Ando Shuki called
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00278-00067507-00067722 nature's world the ideal society where
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00279-00067723-00067938 all human beings engaged in farming and
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00280-00067939-00068097 they lived self-sufficiently without
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00281-00068098-00068403 artificiality he criticized a lawful
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00282-00068404-00068580 society where there were feudal class
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00283-00068581-00068745 discrimination and the difference
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00284-00068746-00068976 between the rich and poor Ninomiya
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00285-00068977-00069228 santoku insisted that people must repay
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00286-00069229-00069390 the virtues which supported their
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00287-00069391-00069834 existence with own virtue
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00288-00069835-00070384 topic late modern thought
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00289-00070385-00070609 while the early modern Japanese thought
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00290-00070610-00070786 developed in Confucianism and Buddhism
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00291-00070787-00071029 English enlightenment and French human
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00292-00071030-00071205 rights were prevalent after the Meiji
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00293-00071206-00071430 Restoration rapidly affected by Western
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00294-00071431-00071662 thought from the time of sino and
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00295-00071663-00071809 russo-japanese war
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00296-00071810-00072080 Japanese capitalism highly developed
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00297-00072081-00072343 Christianity and socialism developed and
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00298-00072344-00072543 they tied to various social movements in
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00299-00072544-00072811 addition nationalistic thought and study
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00300-00072812-00072969 were formed while being opposed to
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00301-00072970-00073323 foreign study
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00302-00073324-00073575 topic the enlightenment and people's
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00303-00073576-00073931 rights
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00304-00073932-00074184 in the Meiji Restoration English and
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00305-00074185-00074409 French civil society was introduced in
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00306-00074410-00074663 particular utilitarianism and social
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00307-00074664-00074853 Darwinism from England and popular
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00308-00074854-00075026 sovereignty of jean-jacques Rousseau
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00309-00075027-00075309 from France the thinkers of the early
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00310-00075310-00075488 Meiji period advocated British
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00311-00075489-00075698 enlightenment derived from Western civil
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00312-00075699-00075953 society they attempted to criticize
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00313-00075954-00076151 Japanese traditional Authority and
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00314-00076152-00076223 feudalism
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00315-00076224-00076418 however they were finally in harmony
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00316-00076419-00076584 with the government and accepted the
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00317-00076585-00076763 modernization from the above without the
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00318-00076764-00077138 radicalness in 1873 Mori erendor II
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00319-00077139-00077348 formed Miroku Shah the people who
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00320-00077349-00077496 gathered in this Cultural Association
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00321-00077497-00077735 had much in common with points such as
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00322-00077736-00077897 regarding practical learning as
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00323-00077898-00078116 important catching human characteristics
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00324-00078117-00078293 practically and assuming the form of
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00325-00078294-00078476 government that accepted the conditions
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00326-00078477-00078755 of a country an ideal Mori era nore
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00327-00078756-00078984 promoted national education as Minister
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00328-00078985-00079065 of Education
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00329-00079066-00079310 Nishi Amane affirmed the human behavior
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00330-00079311-00079586 based on interest Cato Hiroyuki threw
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00331-00079587-00079785 away natural rights under influence of
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00332-00079786-00080010 social Darwinism and instead advocated
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00333-00080011-00080310 the survival of the fittest fukuzawa
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00334-00080311-00080472 yukichi who introduced british
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00335-00080473-00080732 utilitarianism to japan advocated the
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00336-00080733-00080910 natural rights assumed that the human
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00337-00080911-00081131 rights were given from the heaven he
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00338-00081132-00081281 considered the development of the
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00339-00081282-00081473 civilization to be the development of
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00340-00081474-00081653 the human spirit and it was assumed that
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00341-00081654-00081854 one's independence led to independence
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00342-00081855-00082128 of one country Fukuzawa thought that
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00343-00082129-00082322 there was the government in sake of the
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00344-00082323-00082565 convenience and its appearance should be
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00345-00082566-00082785 suitable to the culture he said that
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00346-00082786-00082955 there is no single ideal form of
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00347-00082956-00083190 government in addition he insisted that
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00348-00083191-00083346 Japan should have gone into the
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00349-00083347-00083525 continent externally against the great
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00350-00083526-00083711 powers while members of Miro Cuccia
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00351-00083712-00083936 finally advocated harmonization of the
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00352-00083937-00084110 government and people democratic
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00353-00084111-00084287 thinkers absorbed radical people's
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00354-00084288-00084461 rights from France and they supported
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00355-00084462-00084644 national resistance and revolution
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00356-00084645-00084840 verbally against the Meiji oligarchy
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00357-00084841-00085262 after the Satsuma rebellion in 1874 yaki
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00358-00085263-00085481 tsuki introduced the establishment of
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00359-00085482-00085730 the elected legislature it spread
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00360-00085731-00085913 nationwide as the freedom and people's
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00361-00085914-00086156 rights movement you a key emori helped
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00362-00086157-00086365 Iraqi and he drew up the radical draft
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00363-00086366-00086642 strongly influenced from Rousseau nakai
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00364-00086643-00086804 Cho Minh argued for people's sovereignty
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00365-00086805-00087035 and individual freedom however
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00366-00087036-00087293 concerning with Japanese situation he
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00367-00087294-00087330 point
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00368-00087331-00087572 the importance of parliamentary monarchy
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00369-00087573-00087780 according to him the Imperial
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00370-00087781-00087984 Constitution should be gradually revised
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00371-00087985-00088272 by the diet from the late period of
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00372-00088273-00088503 Meiji to the tatio era a democratic
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00373-00088504-00088662 trend spread as a background of
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00374-00088663-00088926 bourgeois political consciousness its
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00375-00088927-00089121 current led to political movements for
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00376-00089122-00089310 safeguarding the Constitution and for
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00377-00089311-00089438 the popular election
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00378-00089439-00089697 yoshino saccuzzo argued for party
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00379-00089698-00089967 cabinet politics and popular election he
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00380-00089968-00090129 did not deeply pursue who was the
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00381-00090130-00090332 sovereign but he insisted political goal
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00382-00090333-00090543 aim for people's happiness and political
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00383-00090544-00090737 decision aim for people's intention
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00384-00090738-00090987 minobii Tatsuki she interpreted a
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00385-00090988-00091151 sovereign as not an emperor but the
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00386-00091152-00091425 state according to him an emperor just
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00387-00091426-00091632 only excises his power as the highest
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00388-00091633-00091815 organ under the Meiji Constitution
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00389-00091816-00092016 although his theory was widely
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00390-00092017-00092223 acknowledged at first he was politically
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00391-00092224-00092400 suppressed by the military in the
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00392-00092401-00092754 rightists afterwards in 1911 here at
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00393-00092755-00093024 sook Rho formed C dosha she asked for
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00394-00093025-00093237 awakening of women's own and development
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00395-00093238-00093537 of feminist movement while yo Sano Akiko
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00396-00093538-00093705 denied gender difference ratio
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00397-00093706-00093903 emphasized motherhood raising a child
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00398-00093904-00094082 and she acknowledged the official aids
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00399-00094083-00094260 for women to demonstrate their feminine
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00400-00094261-00094602 ability in 1920 raycho formed a new
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00401-00094603-00094845 Association for women with ichikawa few
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00402-00094846-00095109 say in Okuma meow soon after their
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00403-00095110-00095310 activities were successful in women's
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00404-00095311-00095532 participating at political address the
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00405-00095533-00095709 association were broken up by an
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00406-00095710-00095901 internal split later
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00407-00095902-00096129 Ichikawa formed a new one and continued
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00408-00096130-00096555 a movement for female suffrage
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00409-00096556-00097147 topic Christianity and socialism
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00410-00097148-00097378 it was Christians and socialists who
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00411-00097379-00097522 struggled with social contradictions
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00412-00097523-00097761 derived from Japanese modernity
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00413-00097762-00098001 Christian social movements were active
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00414-00098002-00098224 after the sino and russo-japanese war
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00415-00098225-00098394 switch brought capitalism and it's
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00416-00098395-00098692 contradiction to Japanese society many
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00417-00098693-00098899 Japanese socialists were influenced by
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00418-00098900-00099085 Christian humanism and in that point
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00419-00099086-00099237 they were deeply associated with
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00420-00099238-00099565 Christianity Christianity banned by the
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00421-00099566-00099813 Tokugawa Shogunate influenced many meiji
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00422-00099814-00100125 intellectuals who Chmura Kenzo developed
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00423-00100126-00100476 to JS to unite Bushido and Christian
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00424-00100477-00100687 spirit he believed that his calling was
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00425-00100688-00101149 to serve Japan and Jesus he argued for
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00426-00101150-00101359 the non church movement he challenged
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00427-00101360-00101581 the Imperial rescript on education and
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00428-00101582-00101773 spoke against the russo-japanese war
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00429-00101774-00102037 'not obeah nazo was a Quaker and
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00430-00102038-00102241 attempted to unite Japanese culture and
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00431-00102242-00102528 Christianity he introduced Japanese
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00432-00102529-00102681 culture abroad and he became
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00433-00102682-00102853 secretary-general of the League of
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00434-00102854-00103165 Nations Josef hardy Mishima studied
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00435-00103166-00103390 theology abroad in the United States
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00436-00103391-00103632 he established two shisha university at
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00437-00103633-00103842 Kyoto and he was engaged in Christian
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00438-00103843-00103953 character-building
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00439-00103954-00104166 about the time of sino and
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00440-00104167-00104422 russo-japanese war Japan succeeded in
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00441-00104423-00104604 capitalization through the Industrial
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00442-00104605-00104817 Revolution as soon as socialism spread
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00443-00104818-00105097 against capitalism however the social
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00444-00105098-00105238 movements were suppressed by the
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00445-00105239-00105472 security police law of nineteen hundred
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00446-00105473-00105676 and finally in the high treason incident
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00447-00105677-00105903 of 1910 socialists were pressed by the
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00448-00105904-00106183 military and the fascist government
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00449-00106183-00106447 Kawika me Hajime wrote articles about
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00450-00106448-00106600 poverty in a newspaper
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00451-00106601-00106866 he emphasized personal remodeling to
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00452-00106867-00107103 solve poverty at first however later he
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00453-00107104-00107320 became Marxist and he argued for social
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00454-00107321-00107508 remodeling by social compulsion
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00455-00107508-00107802 Kotaku shusui originally attempted to
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00456-00107803-00107968 realize socialism through the diet
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00457-00107969-00108186 however he became a unionist and he
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00458-00108188-00108400 argued for a direct action by a general
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00459-00108401-00108694 strike he was executed as the mastermind
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00460-00108695-00108929 of the high treason incident of 1910
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00461-00108930-00109207 asougi Saki argued for individual
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00462-00109208-00109369 freedom using the principles of
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00463-00109370-00109645 anarchism and unionism he was seen as a
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00464-00109646-00109785 threat by the government and was
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00465-00109786-00109999 assassinated by military police in the
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00466-00110000-00110265 disorder following the 1923 Great Kanto
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00467-00110266-00110609 Earthquake
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00468-00110610-00111180 topic the development of Japanese
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00469-00111181-00111434 the age of enlightenment christianity
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00470-00111435-00111648 and socialism have influenced japanese
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00471-00111649-00111935 thoughts since the Meiji Restoration the
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00472-00111936-00112160 emphasis on Japanese political culture
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00473-00112161-00112323 and national tradition rose as a
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00474-00112324-00112602 reaction against westernization this
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00475-00112603-00112818 trend has had an ideological side of
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00476-00112819-00113040 legitimizing imperialism and militarism
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00477-00113041-00113304 fascism Takuto me Soho published a
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00478-00113305-00113496 magazine in which he argued for liberal
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00479-00113497-00113733 democracy and populism against Japanese
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00480-00113733-00113991 westernization however he was
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00481-00113992-00114158 disillusioned with the bourgeois who
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00482-00114159-00114498 should play a political pardon Kouga
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00483-00114499-00114720 Katzen an regarded japanese political
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00484-00114721-00114900 culture and national tradition very
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00485-00114901-00115128 highly he aimed for restoration and
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00486-00115129-00115334 enhancement of national emotion however
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00487-00115335-00115563 he was not a narrow-minded nationalist
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00488-00115564-00115845 he criticized the military and argued
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00489-00115846-00116031 for a parliamentary system of government
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00490-00116032-00116325 and expansion of suffrage after the
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00491-00116326-00116544 Meiji Restoration Japanese government
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00492-00116545-00116751 protected Shinto and treated it well not
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00493-00116752-00116967 as a special religion but a state Shinto
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00494-00116968-00117246 the government closely related Shinto
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00495-00117247-00117408 with the holy Emperor and they used
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00496-00117408-00117570 Shinto as a tool for their state
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00497-00117571-00117843 governance state Shinto was clearly
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00498-00117844-00118008 distinguished from private sects of
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00499-00118008-00118211 Shinto religion it was a model of
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00500-00118213-00118419 ideological state governance to form
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00501-00118420-00118593 state Shinto and to promulgate the
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00502-00118594-00118883 Imperial rescript on education Meiji
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00503-00118884-00119091 statism attempted to restore national
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00504-00119092-00119316 sovereignty and pursued imperialism and
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00505-00119317-00119481 colonialism through sino and
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00506-00119482-00119763 russo-japanese war however its
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00507-00119764-00119933 militaristic trend developed to
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00508-00119934-00120204 ultra-nationalism Keela iki advocated
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00509-00120205-00120423 the exclusion of the zaibatsu senior
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00510-00120424-00120633 statesman and political parties and the
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00511-00120633-00120828 establishment of government for direct
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00512-00120829-00120966 connection with the Emperor and the
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00513-00120967-00121155 people yanagida kunio was at the
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00514-00121156-00121355 forefront of study of Japanese folklore
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00515-00121356-00121610 he named general public who are not
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00516-00121611-00121835 political leaders in intellectuals as Jo
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00517-00121836-00122067 Minh other folklorists are minakata
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00518-00122068-00122358 kumigar su Yanagi moon Yoshinori coochie
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00519-00122358-00122673 shinobi in pre-war Japan German
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00520-00122674-00122853 philosophy was eagerly studied and
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00521-00122854-00123108 introduced however from the late Meiji
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00522-00123108-00123354 to tatio period Kyoto school attempted
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00523-00123355-00123507 to harmonize Western thought with
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00524-00123508-00123696 eastern thoughts such as Zen Buddhism
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00525-00123697-00123986 Nishida Kotaro established an original
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00526-00123988-00124173 thought by fusion of Zen and Western
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00527-00124174-00124377 thought his thought is called his
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00528-00124378-00124548 Nishida philosophy
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00529-00124549-00124743 he insisted on pure experience in which
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00530-00124744-00124883 there is no opposition between
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00531-00124884-00125178 subjectivity and objectivity his
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00532-00125179-00125366 ontology derived from absolute
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00533-00125367-00125649 nothingness Watsu G tetsuro criticized
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00534-00125650-00125931 Western selfish individualism his ethics
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00535-00125932-00126081 says human beings are not isolated
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00536-00126082-00126410 existence but related existence he
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00537-00126411-00126594 insisted that individual and social
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00538-00126595-00126744 beings should be aware of their own
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00539-00126745-00127050 individuality and social membership he
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00540-00127051-00127235 is also well known as his climate and
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00541-00127236-00127383 culture in which he studied the
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00542-00127383-00127596 relationship between natural environment
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00543-00127597-00127983 and local lifestyle
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00544-00127984-00128624 topic contemporary Japanese philosophy
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00545-00128625-00128891 after World War two many academic
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00546-00128892-00129071 philosophers have published books on
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00547-00129072-00129269 continental philosophy and American
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00548-00129270-00129353 philosophy
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00549-00129354-00129623 among those shows Oh amore Wataru
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00550-00129624-00129881 hiramatsu Yasuo Yuasa and Takashi
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00551-00129882-00130139 Yoshimoto created original works under
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00552-00130140-00130367 the influence of Marxism phenomenology
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00553-00130368-00130670 and analytic philosophy Shozo amore
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00554-00130671-00130898 created a unique monist epistemology
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00555-00130899-00131108 based on his concept of representation
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00556-00131109-00131549 monism double depiction and language
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00557-00131550-00131638 animism
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00558-00131639-00131933 Wataru hiramatsu developed his theory of
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00559-00131934-00132212 multi subjective ontological structure
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00560-00132213-00132566 of the world Yasuo Yuasa advanced a new
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00561-00132567-00132734 theory of the body influenced by
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00562-00132735-00132935 merleau-ponty and the body image found
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00563-00132936-00133268 in Chinese medicine Takaki Yoshimoto is
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00564-00133269-00133526 famous for his shared illusion theory
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00565-00133527-00133793 and various philosophical essays on
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00566-00133794-00134093 Japanese culture today such scholars as
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00567-00134094-00134201 cogent carretoni
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00568-00134202-00134405 literary theory huh Toshi Nagai
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00569-00134406-00134501 solipsism
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00570-00134502-00134735 shigeki neue analytic philosophy
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00571-00134736-00135026 Masahiro mori oka philosophy of life and
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00572-00135027-00135287 motoyoshi refugee analytic philosophy
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00573-00135288-00135440 are considered to be characteristic
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00574-00135441-00135961 philosophers in the Japanese Academy
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00575-00135962-00136489 topic see also
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00576-00136490-00137215 butoh giri japanese grace itsukushima k
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00577-00137216-00137700 butsu kisaku HECO I chew Hermit eg
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00578-00137701-00137995 Yoshida Kenko kimono cho make a me
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00579-00137996-00138271 cuckoo time' negative space maru yo mama
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00580-00138272-00138526 sow bamboo whisk culture and octopus pot
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00581-00138527-00138760 culture Nihonjin ron shame society
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00582-00138761-00139081 wabi-sabi yamato damashii Taoism in
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00583-00139082-00139300 japan william vorel on one of the first
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00584-00139301-00139462 Europeans to get some knowledge about
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00585-00139463-00139729 Japanese philosophy topic notes topic
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00586-00139730-00140023 bibliography texts James W hi sig Thomas
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00587-00140024-00140379 pica Sulis John simmer Aldo EDS Japanese
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00588-00140380-00140541 philosophy a sourcebook
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00589-00140542-00140910 Honolulu University of Hawaii press 2011
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00590-00140911-00141223 David a Dilworth and Valdo H Villa Elmo
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00591-00141224-00141535 with Agustin Jacinto's avala EDS source
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00592-00141536-00141708 book for modern Japanese philosophy
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00593-00141709-00142000 selected documents Westport Greenwood
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00594-00142001-00142554 press 1998 our sonoda WT de berry the
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00595-00142555-00142866 king EDS sources of Japanese traditions
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00596-00142867-00143233 New York Columbia University Press 1964
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00597-00143234-00143536 2 Vols studi H gene blocker Christopher
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00598-00143537-00143800 L Starling Japanese philosophy Albany
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00599-00143801-00143991 New York State University of New York
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00600-00143992-00144403 Press 2001 Hajime Nakamura history of
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00601-00144404-00144649 Japanese thought five nine two one eight
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00602-00144650-00144934 six eight Japanese philosophy before
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00603-00144935-00145198 Western culture entered Japan London New
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00604-00145199-00145663 York Kegan Paul 1969 Gino kpo vasana
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00605-00145664-00145903 contemporary Japanese philosophical
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00606-00145904-00146098 thought New York st. John's University
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00607-00146099-00146685 Press 1969
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00608-00146686-00147227 topic external links
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00609-00147228-00147457 Japanese philosophy route llege
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00610-00147458-00147734 encyclopedia of philosophy online
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00611-00147735-00147994 Japanese aesthetics by Graham parks in
+hUrXdiSZLLI-00612-00147995-00148350 the Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy
+hULnSbgrSPI-00000-00000512-00000751 it forms the basis for our doctrine in
+hULnSbgrSPI-00001-00000752-00001054 the area of evidence reproof
+hULnSbgrSPI-00002-00001055-00001311 in the area of correction that means as
+hULnSbgrSPI-00003-00001312-00001591 we grow in grace and in knowledge we are
+hULnSbgrSPI-00004-00001592-00001791 corrected that means there is room for
+hULnSbgrSPI-00005-00001792-00001942 adjustment
+hULnSbgrSPI-00006-00001943-00002159 you know you cannot say well you know i
+hULnSbgrSPI-00007-00002160-00002334 believe this i will believe it till i
+hULnSbgrSPI-00008-00002335-00002655 die if it contradicts the scripture
+hULnSbgrSPI-00009-00002656-00002950 you put it aside and be ready to be
+hULnSbgrSPI-00010-00002951-00003110 corrected
+hULnSbgrSPI-00011-00003111-00003415 you can never be too old in the ministry
+hULnSbgrSPI-00012-00003415-00003727 to be corrected
+hULnSbgrSPI-00013-00003728-00004022 at any age of your life and ministry you
+hULnSbgrSPI-00014-00004023-00004247 can be corrected
+hULnSbgrSPI-00015-00004248-00004431 are we together here you can be
+hULnSbgrSPI-00016-00004432-00004615 corrected
+hULnSbgrSPI-00017-00004616-00004831 that's why paul is talking about all
+hULnSbgrSPI-00018-00004832-00005118 scripture is giving and this is the area
+hULnSbgrSPI-00019-00005119-00005486 it profits us it profits us in doctrine
+hULnSbgrSPI-00020-00005487-00005727 it promise profits us
+hULnSbgrSPI-00021-00005728-00006006 in reproof in correction
+hULnSbgrSPI-00022-00006007-00006391 it profits us for instructions we are in
+hULnSbgrSPI-00023-00006392-00006559 righteousness why
+hULnSbgrSPI-00024-00006559-00006798 that the man of god
+hULnSbgrSPI-00025-00006800-00007110 may be perfect
+hULnSbgrSPI-00026-00007111-00007470 once a man of god has a grasp of sound
+hULnSbgrSPI-00027-00007472-00007742 doctrine he has entered a realm of
+hULnSbgrSPI-00028-00007743-00007959 perfection
+hULnSbgrSPI-00029-00007959-00008255 that the man of god may be perfect
+hULnSbgrSPI-00030-00008256-00008495 thoroughly furnished
+hULnSbgrSPI-00031-00008496-00008783 onto all good works somebody shout i
+hULnSbgrSPI-00032-00008784-00009032 hear you
+hVoXBGeUL0I-00000-00000024-00000844 magnets
+hVoXBGeUL0I-00001-00000846-00001204 okay I don't know why I'm scared
+hVoXBGeUL0I-00002-00001205-00001579 don't let your kids watch it
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00000-00000000-00000245 they say a picture is worth a thousand
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00001-00000246-00000467 words and as with everything with the
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00002-00000468-00000692 Trump administration that may be an
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00003-00000693-00000968 understatement of course there is this
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00004-00000969-00001195 photo from the g7 tweeted out by a
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00005-00001196-00001439 spokesman for Angela Merkel showing the
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00006-00001440-00001616 German Chancellor with her hands planted
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00007-00001617-00001921 staring down at her American counterpart
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00008-00001922-00002183 there's also this one showing a white
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00009-00002184-00002381 imprint on president Trump's right hand
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00010-00002382-00002621 following yet another hard handshake
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00011-00002622-00002883 with French president Emmanuel macron
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00012-00002884-00003286 and then there's this one of IMF
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00013-00003288-00003503 managing director and chairman Christine
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00014-00003504-00003838 Lagarde with a withering look as the
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00015-00003839-00004049 president shows up late for a breakfast
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00016-00004050-00004420 focused on gender equality of course
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00017-00004421-00004658 they will all be overshadowed in about
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00018-00004659-00004883 24 hours by the image of a sitting
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00019-00004884-00005024 American president meeting with the
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00020-00005025-00005276 leader of North Korea for the first time
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00021-00005277-00005506 ever the question now is what if
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00022-00005507-00005731 anything will that meeting amount to
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00023-00005732-00006061 beyond just that photo-op with that I
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00024-00006062-00006206 want to welcome in my panel joining me
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00025-00006207-00006359 on set national political reporter for
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00026-00006360-00006587 Axios Jonathan Swan former Deputy
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00027-00006588-00006788 Assistant Secretary of Defense and MSNBC
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00028-00006789-00006967 national security analyst Evelyn Farkas
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00029-00006968-00007153 political reporter for The New York
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00030-00007154-00007409 Times Ken Vogel and joining us all the
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00031-00007409-00007526 way from Singapore a friend of the show
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00032-00007527-00007730 and Pulitzer prize-winning White House
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00033-00007731-00007870 bureau chief for the Washington Post
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00034-00007872-00008167 Phillip Rucker Phil I want to start with
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00035-00008168-00008405 you since you are on scene the sight of
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00036-00008406-00008585 all of the action I've been enjoying all
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00037-00008586-00008798 the instagrams that everyone is sending
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00038-00008799-00009002 of the JW Marriot press file in
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00039-00009003-00009191 Singapore I want to read though from
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00040-00009192-00009364 your piece in in The Washington Post
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00041-00009365-00009620 about this upcoming summit you write and
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00042-00009621-00009746 I thought that this was a really odd
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00043-00009747-00010003 point frame quote one is a septage an
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00044-00010004-00010239 Aryan American president the other a
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00045-00010240-00010564 millennial North Korean dictator but
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00046-00010565-00010862 each has nuclear weapons and mixes
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00047-00010863-00011087 taunts and tributes to keep the other
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00048-00011088-00011387 one off balanced thin-skinned alphas
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00049-00011388-00011570 both men are wedded to a go-it-alone
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00050-00011571-00011839 leadership style have a penchant for
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00051-00011840-00012062 bombast and are determined to project
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00052-00012063-00012434 dominance when they finally meet so what
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00053-00012435-00012584 what is your sense of how things are
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00054-00012585-00012749 unfolding there on the ground in
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00055-00012750-00012983 Singapore so far and what do you think
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00056-00012984-00013340 these these two personalities how is the
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00057-00013341-00013690 president going to end up handling this
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00058-00013691-00013813 yeah
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00059-00013815-00013979 Casey well they've both arrived here in
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00060-00013980-00014210 Singapore last night it's now morning
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00061-00014211-00014419 Monday morning president Trump is
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00062-00014420-00014561 scheduled to be meeting with the prime
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00063-00014562-00014780 minister of Singapore later today and
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00064-00014781-00014933 then of course on Tuesday with kim
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00065-00014934-00015122 jeong-hoon and they've been sizing each
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00066-00015122-00015419 other up for months really for years Kim
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00067-00015419-00015619 jong-un and the North Korean delegation
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00068-00015620-00015797 have been studying Donald Trump that the
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00069-00015797-00015991 history about him the art of the deal
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00070-00015993-00016205 sort of understanding his personality
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00071-00016206-00016382 Trump is doing the same about Kim I
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00072-00016383-00016583 think Trump sees this very much as a
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00073-00016584-00016796 clash of personalities as an opportunity
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00074-00016797-00017030 to size up the North Korean dictator
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00075-00017031-00017234 something no American president has been
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00076-00017235-00017471 able to do face to face and as he said
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00077-00017472-00017633 the other day he'll know within a minute
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00078-00017634-00017905 or two whether there's something here
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00079-00017906-00018068 whether Kim can come to the table and
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00080-00018069-00018230 have a deal now if you start looking at
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00081-00018231-00018394 the substance of what that deal could be
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00082-00018395-00018580 it gets very messy because that's not
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00083-00018581-00018866 worked out it's unclear what sort of
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00084-00018867-00019072 deliverables they could walk away from
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00085-00019073-00019235 this meeting with but Trump is very
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00086-00019236-00019493 eager to at least have the meeting and
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00087-00019494-00019796 try to make friends with the dictator
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00088-00019797-00020123 is there the view that there may be any
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00089-00020124-00020396 risk for the president and simply having
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00090-00020397-00020576 this photo-op sir what is the thinking
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00091-00020577-00020822 what has he been told about whether he
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00092-00020823-00021014 should smile how he should present
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00093-00021015-00021194 himself in in what we know is going to
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00094-00021195-00021665 be an instantly iconic picture well it's
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00095-00021666-00021854 an iconic picture that the North Koreans
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00096-00021855-00022154 very much want for them this is this is
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00097-00022155-00022319 an achievement in and of itself getting
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00098-00022320-00022475 an audience with the president putting
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00099-00022476-00022691 Kim jong-un on equal footing with the
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00100-00022692-00022949 American commander-in-chief and it'll be
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00101-00022950-00023198 used in propaganda back home by the
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00102-00023199-00023471 North Koreans to show Kim as a garnering
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00103-00023472-00023644 respect around the world and so the
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00104-00023645-00023840 danger for Trump is that he's giving him
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00105-00023841-00024056 something simply by shaking his hand and
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00106-00024057-00024242 meeting him we'll have to see what the
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00107-00024243-00024398 body language looks like I think it'll
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00108-00024399-00024668 be really striking for example if Trump
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00109-00024669-00024899 is kinder to Kim jong-eun than he was to
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00110-00024900-00025094 Justin Trudeau in Canada and some of the
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00111-00025095-00025250 other European allies that he was with
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00112-00025251-00025565 at the g7 in Quebec the other day the
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00113-00025566-00025718 body language from the photos that you
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00114-00025719-00025915 showed at the beginning of the show was
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00115-00025916-00026102 so striking and we'll have to see if
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00116-00026102-00026411 Trump is more relaxed and frankly more
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00117-00026412-00026669 enjoying himself when he's face to face
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00118-00026670-00026969 with the North Korean leader so as you
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00119-00026970-00027161 as you referenced a minute ago the
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00120-00027162-00027368 President did say it won't take long for
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00121-00027369-00027536 him to tell if Kim jong-un is serious
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00122-00027537-00027725 about making some sort of deal on a show
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00123-00027726-00027923 our viewer is what he said before
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00124-00027924-00028220 leaving Canada yesterday it's a good
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00125-00028220-00028414 question how long will take I think
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00126-00028416-00028868 within the first minute I'll know I just
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00127-00028869-00029075 might touch my feel that's why that's
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00128-00029076-00029225 what I do and if I think it won't happen
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00129-00029226-00029432 I'm not gonna waste my time I don't want
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00130-00029433-00029752 to waste his time Jonathan Swan your
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00131-00029754-00029890 take your take on that Philip Braque I
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00132-00029891-00030014 mentioned earlier that this is a clash
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00133-00030014-00030143 of personalities and I know you have
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00134-00030144-00030299 some new reporting about that the
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00135-00030300-00030514 president has been in his briefings
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00136-00030516-00030755 fixated on Kim Jong Un's personality
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00137-00030756-00030893 wanting to know everything he can about
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00138-00030894-00031205 him he's been asking Mike Pompeo who's
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00139-00031206-00031406 actually met with Kim right the only one
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00140-00031407-00031661 of his top aides but the Allied
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00141-00031662-00031901 intelligence agencies have compiled a
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00142-00031902-00032207 very detailed study profile of kim
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00143-00032208-00032446 jeong-hoon largely taken from interviews
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00144-00032447-00032683 with some of his former classmates when
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00145-00032684-00032942 he attended an elite swiss school in his
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00146-00032943-00033090 adolescence so interests
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00147-00033091-00033318 and the profile we got this from someone
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00148-00033319-00033477 who studied it carefully the the
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00149-00033478-00033705 classified binder it bears a striking
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00150-00033706-00033909 resemblance to the Kim Java you see
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00151-00033910-00034236 today he described him as the the young
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00152-00034237-00034359 Kim jong-un from these interviews
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00153-00034360-00034688 glossiness would eat himself almost sick
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00154-00034689-00034968 would be prone to fits of anger and
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00155-00034969-00035139 outbursts of violence power there were
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00156-00035140-00035346 young children that he hit during this
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00157-00035347-00035565 he was an inattentive student didn't
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00158-00035566-00035811 attend class very much and demanded
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00159-00035812-00036009 slavish loyalty from his classmates
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00160-00036010-00036393 slavish loyalty everyone first kiss what
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00161-00036394-00036639 does this sort of tell you if you I mean
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00162-00036640-00036813 if you're preparing the president to
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00163-00036814-00036996 meet with this man I mean first of all
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00164-00036997-00037179 it's not surprising cuz this is the guy
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00165-00037180-00037422 who had his brother killed and his uncle
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00166-00037423-00037641 killed so anyone who would be any kind
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00167-00037642-00037845 of threat to him and his power has been
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00168-00037846-00038046 eliminated you know we understand he's a
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00169-00038047-00038268 pretty ruthless guy although he said
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00170-00038269-00038532 that it's not military force his father
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00171-00038533-00038805 had military first he's saying economy
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00172-00038806-00038991 first after we get her name he wants to
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00173-00038992-00039390 McDonald's yes I know and that he has in
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00174-00039391-00039543 common with the president with our
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00175-00039544-00039657 president of course because our
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00176-00039658-00039921 president loves hamburgers and I guess
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00177-00039922-00040092 he likes McDonald's I can't remember if
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00178-00040093-00040575 he does about the bread actually oh my
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00179-00040576-00040851 Corey Lewandowski I think if he's smart
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00180-00040852-00041133 he will he will study our president Kim
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00181-00041134-00041343 jong-un and just buttering up he has one
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00182-00041344-00041532 minute to butter him up you know but
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00183-00041533-00041823 this there's only it's it's impressive
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00184-00041824-00041946 that the you know that they're doing
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00185-00041947-00042090 this level of preparation certainly one
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00186-00042091-00042225 of the concerns was that there was no
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00187-00042226-00042474 preparation and it would be nice if that
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00188-00042475-00042627 preparation was also on the policy side
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00189-00042628-00042930 and not just on the personality side you
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00190-00042931-00043230 know famously George W Bush when he was
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00191-00043231-00043404 meeting with Vladimir Putin said that he
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00192-00043405-00043605 could assess and he was someone who was
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00193-00043606-00043878 despite liberal sort of stereotypes of
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00194-00043879-00044046 him was actually someone who did prepare
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00195-00044047-00044202 on the policy side as well as the
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00196-00044203-00044427 personality side and said that he he
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00197-00044428-00044625 looked Putin in the eye could see and
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00198-00044626-00044844 his soul found him trustworthy and
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00199-00044845-00045420 straightforward came to regret there's
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00200-00045421-00045585 only so far the personality goes the
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00201-00045586-00045765 policy is the key here and that was
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00202-00045766-00045987 because he looked at the disaster that
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00203-00045988-00046179 he had on food and looked at the dossier
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00204-00046180-00046323 and bush and knew he was deeply
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00205-00046324-00046427 religious
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00206-00046428-00046658 pootin purposely referenced he had a
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00207-00046659-00046859 cross and he talked about this cross and
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00208-00046860-00047018 the meaning for him
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00209-00047019-00047309 though in part he almost played play
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00210-00047310-00047408 push the other way
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00211-00047409-00047564 philip rucker i want to go to you on
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00212-00047565-00047720 this because we we have talked so much
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00213-00047721-00047873 about how the president prepares or
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00214-00047874-00048077 doesn't prepare for all kinds of
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00215-00048078-00048275 meetings but none with us stakes stakes
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00216-00048276-00048473 as high as this one and if in fact
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00217-00048474-00048692 american authorities they do have this
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00218-00048693-00048857 binder that jonathan Swann is now
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00219-00048858-00049055 reporting on it still seems as though
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00220-00049056-00049247 this president is absorbing that
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00221-00049248-00049508 information only by having verbal
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00222-00049509-00049679 conversations with people who've read it
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00223-00049680-00050099 is that your sense I think that's right
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00224-00050100-00050330 Casey this is a president Donald Trump
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00225-00050331-00050534 who does not read his daily intelligence
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00226-00050535-00050768 report that's written out for him
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00227-00050769-00050957 instead he participates in more oral
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00228-00050958-00051248 briefings the CIA director will come
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00229-00051249-00051427 into the Oval Office and show him
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00230-00051428-00051702 graphics videos pictures maps charts
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00231-00051703-00051921 anything that can help him visually
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00232-00051922-00052148 understand the intelligence because we
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00233-00052149-00052327 know he doesn't like to sit down and
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00234-00052328-00052514 pour over the written word I assume
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00235-00052515-00052688 that's the case now as he's preparing to
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00236-00052689-00052882 meet with kim jeong-hoon you know trump
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00237-00052883-00053015 has said he doesn't require much
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00238-00053016-00053191 preparation for this meeting that's not
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00239-00053192-00053420 quite right according to Mike Pompeo the
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00240-00053421-00053579 Secretary of State who says that he's
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00241-00053579-00053801 been having very extensive briefings
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00242-00053802-00053990 with President Trump for several weeks
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00243-00053991-00054257 now months really trying to prepare him
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00244-00054258-00054500 for this trying to get him to understand
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00245-00054501-00054716 sort of the history of us-korea
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00246-00054716-00054887 relations the history of North and South
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00247-00054888-00055117 Korea relations sort of have all the
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00248-00055119-00055274 details that are at stake even if he's
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00249-00055275-00055492 not an expert in the technicality of
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00250-00055494-00055751 nuclear arms he at least can understand
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00251-00055752-00056036 the sort of broader geopolitical dynamic
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00252-00056037-00056249 at play with North Korea as he prepares
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00253-00056250-00056375 for the meeting
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00254-00056376-00056751 let's turn now to all of the drama that
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00255-00056752-00057009 preceded this evening the g7 summit just
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00256-00057010-00057198 a few hours after the president called
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00257-00057199-00057498 his relationship with g7 allies attend
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00258-00057499-00057828 he pulled the u.s. out of the g7 joint
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00259-00057829-00058042 communique as a result of what he called
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00260-00058044-00058365 Justin Trudeau's quote false statements
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00261-00058366-00058674 he went on to tweet quote PM Justin
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00262-00058675-00058845 Trudeau of Canada acted so meek and mild
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00263-00058846-00059112 during our g7 meetings the motivator
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00264-00059113-00059286 likely Trudeau's comments about
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00265-00059287-00059619 retaliatory tariffs here are what two
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00266-00059620-00059808 White House advisors had to say about
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00267-00059809-00060138 this earlier today here's the thing I
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00268-00060139-00060372 mean he really kind of stabbed this in
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00269-00060373-00060429 the back
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00270-00060429-00060716 he really actually you know what he did
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00271-00060717-00061062 a great disservice to the whole g7 he
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00272-00061063-00061257 betrayed her dough did yes he did we
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00273-00061258-00061413 were very close to making a deal with
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00274-00061414-00061791 Canada on NAFTA bilaterally perhaps and
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00275-00061791-00062085 then we leave and Trudeau pulls this
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00276-00062086-00062394 sophomoric political stunt for domestic
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00277-00062395-00062469 consumption
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00278-00062470-00062715 you just don't behave that way okay it's
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00279-00062716-00062907 a betrayal okay he essentially
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00280-00062908-00063177 double-cross it not just double-crossing
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00281-00063178-00063423 President Trump but the other members of
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00282-00063424-00063714 the g7 who were working together and
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00283-00063715-00064028 pulling together this communication
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00284-00064029-00064335 there's a special place in hell for any
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00285-00064336-00064629 foreign leader that engages in bad faith
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00286-00064629-00064875 diplomacy with President Donald J Trump
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00287-00064876-00065127 and then tries to stab him in the back
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00288-00065128-00065391 on the way out the door and that's what
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00289-00065391-00065610 bad faith Justin Trudeau did with that
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00290-00065611-00065868 stunt press conference that's what weak
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00291-00065869-00066144 dishonest Justin Trudeau did and that
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00292-00066145-00066468 comes right from Air Force One after
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00293-00066469-00066627 those comments Senator Jeff Flake
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00294-00066628-00066861 tweeting quote fellow Republicans this
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00295-00066862-00067017 is not who we are
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00296-00067018-00067293 this cannot be our party once again
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00297-00067294-00067518 flake pretty lonely so far in his
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00298-00067519-00067761 condemnation of the president I can
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00299-00067762-00068076 vogel how much self-awareness is there
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00300-00068077-00068304 yeah I mean the tweets from Trump
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00301-00068305-00068559 minutes after leaving this setting
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00302-00068560-00068775 calling out another another world leader
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00303-00068776-00069090 for being like me in person and then
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00304-00069091-00069300 saying something negative after the fact
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00305-00069301-00069534 and then also then the false statements
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00306-00069535-00069680 Trump has actually brag
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00307-00069681-00069995 about bluffing justin trudeau on the
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00308-00069996-00070229 trade deficit using false statements so
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00309-00070230-00070520 it's pretty rich to see him accusing
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00310-00070521-00070679 this this foreign leader of doing the
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00311-00070680-00070808 same thing that we've seen him do
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00312-00070809-00071017 himself yeah Jonathan Swan I mean this
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00313-00071018-00071291 we knew that the president had already
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00314-00071292-00071573 caused all sorts of potentially
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00315-00071574-00071804 irreversible problems with the Canadian
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00316-00071805-00071978 government after making this
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00317-00071979-00072226 announcement on tariffs but the way that
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00318-00072227-00072671 the this.g summits g7 summit concluded I
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00319-00072672-00072875 mean is it possible we've seen some
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00320-00072876-00073079 tweets from John McCain for example that
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00321-00073080-00073282 suggest that you know someday America's
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00322-00073283-00073507 allies will we'll see the Americans who
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00323-00073508-00073682 are actually on their side is that
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00324-00073683-00073916 possible at this point well we've been
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00325-00073917-00074182 talking to European officials who are
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00326-00074183-00074405 having the same problems with the
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00327-00074406-00074561 present particularly you know when you
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00328-00074562-00074782 look at Germany even France after day
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00329-00074783-00074969 got to a better place there that's been
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00330-00074970-00075266 reversed the UK what they're trying to
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00331-00075267-00075434 do is have this long-range view that
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00332-00075435-00075601 this is a president for this moment but
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00333-00075602-00075848 we've beyond that but they still have
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00334-00075849-00075998 the military ties and they lean on that
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00335-00075999-00076181 they look for positives where they can
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00336-00076182-00076406 but the reality is transatlantic
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00337-00076407-00076592 relations have not been this bad for a
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00338-00076593-00076757 very long time no matter what dollar
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00339-00076758-00076841 we're not even talking about
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00340-00076842-00077003 transatlantic relationships any bright
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00341-00077004-00077375 either here on the Canada - but but the
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00342-00077376-00077507 European relationship has been
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00343-00077508-00077780 profoundly damaged in the last few
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00344-00077781-00078050 months over trade as well Shinzo Abe a
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00345-00078051-00078239 was standing there as well so I mean
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00346-00078240-00078416 when it comes to economic issues this is
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00347-00078417-00078635 global and this is serious and I think
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00348-00078636-00078845 what was interesting to me I think we
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00349-00078846-00078995 need more reporting on this but it
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00350-00078996-00079202 appears reading between the lines in the
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00351-00079203-00079394 way that post covered it today that the
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00352-00079395-00079532 Europeans actually staged an
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00353-00079533-00079781 intervention so that photo may have been
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00354-00079782-00079940 that intervention where they said okay
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00355-00079941-00080194 mr. president Trump you know these are
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00356-00080195-00080465 the facts seventy percent of the foreign
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00357-00080466-00080636 direct investment in the United States
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00358-00080637-00080789 of America comes from European countries
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00359-00080790-00081017 and by the way a lot of that goes to
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00360-00081018-00081185 southern states that voted for Trump we
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00361-00081186-00081362 should point out I mean that interview
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00362-00081363-00081491 that particularly on the pinyon Navarro
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00363-00081492-00081719 did truly I think that's one of the most
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00364-00081720-00081878 extraordinary interviews I've ever seen
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00365-00081879-00082097 from a permanent in this White House and
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00366-00082098-00082349 that's saying something to call one of
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00367-00082350-00082544 America's closest allies Justin Trudeau
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00368-00082545-00082703 of Canada to say that there's a special
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00369-00082704-00082894 place in hell for him and to give him
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00370-00082895-00082971 labels like
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00371-00082972-00083211 we can dishonest that is taking rhetoric
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00372-00083212-00083540 to a level that I honestly haven't seen
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00373-00083541-00083748 I've been covering for almost three
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00374-00083749-00083987 years now this I mean and the level of
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00375-00083988-00084186 silence from most Republicans in
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00376-00084187-00084494 Washington feels deafening I guess they
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00377-00084495-00084743 have so many things to to be outraged
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00378-00084744-00085043 about that they that they sort of picked
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00379-00085044-00085163 their moments but their moments are
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00380-00085164-00085380 pretty rare right there yeah Phil Rutger
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00381-00085381-00085623 can I get you to weigh in on this how
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00382-00085624-00085775 this all unfolded I mean it seems like a
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00383-00085776-00085967 classic case of the president you know
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00384-00085968-00086150 making one decision in the room and then
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00385-00086151-00086391 either watching Justin Trudeau's press
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00386-00086392-00086529 conference being briefed on it and
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00387-00086530-00086792 making you know a very abrupt decision
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00388-00086793-00087030 and kind of reversing himself entirely
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00389-00087031-00087279 what are the consequences here are they
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00390-00087280-00087834 are these relationships irreparable well
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00391-00087835-00088023 the consequences are quite severe for
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00392-00088024-00088242 the relationship as the panel's been
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00393-00088243-00088479 discussing but the pattern is familiar
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00394-00088480-00088667 for Trump I mean he's someone who when
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00395-00088668-00088872 he's in the room with you whether it's
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00396-00088873-00089115 you know a fellow foreign leader or even
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00397-00089116-00089316 just a journalist for an interview he
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00398-00089317-00089504 wants you to like him he wants to try to
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00399-00089505-00089807 create a level of warmth there he wants
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00400-00089808-00090038 to he doesn't usually confront people
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00401-00090039-00090324 face-to-face and then the meetings over
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00402-00090325-00090522 and and he goes off on Twitter as he did
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00403-00090523-00090806 aboard Air Force One from Canada and
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00404-00090807-00091013 route to Singapore I mean this is just a
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00405-00091014-00091260 familiar pattern for Donald Trump and he
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00406-00091261-00091446 you know he bullies sometimes but he
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00407-00091447-00091599 likes to bully with the distance he
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00408-00091600-00091799 doesn't like to do it face to face with
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00409-00091800-00092024 the people he's trying to bully you
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00410-00092025-00092186 mentioned at the top of the show to
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00411-00092187-00092504 looking at that picture of Angela Merkel
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00412-00092505-00092675 and the other leaders come surrounding
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00413-00092676-00092847 the president that that sort of dark
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00414-00092848-00093111 almost angry look on his face and how
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00415-00093112-00093315 that could potentially differ from I
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00416-00093316-00093465 mean it certainly already differs from
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00417-00093466-00093629 the picture of him receiving that letter
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00418-00093630-00093776 from the North Koreans you remember in
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00419-00093777-00094037 the Oval Office where he was smiling and
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00420-00094038-00094292 holding that that giant envelope we've
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00421-00094293-00094454 talked about this a lot I know you know
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00422-00094455-00094661 whether he has an affinity for dictators
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00423-00094662-00094998 but what is it that explains why he's so
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00424-00094999-00095204 hostile in a room with you know people
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00425-00095205-00095331 that have been allies of you know
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00426-00095332-00095600 States for decades and seems so warm and
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00427-00095601-00095781 open to these other people who have been
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00428-00095782-00096425 our enemies well he's so open to to Kim
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00429-00096426-00096621 jong-un in part because it's his bid for
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00430-00096622-00096879 history you know Trump it's stuck with
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00431-00096880-00097104 him from the first time he sat down with
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00432-00097105-00097337 President Barack Obama after the
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00433-00097338-00097481 election and before Trump was
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00434-00097482-00097710 inaugurated Obama told him look North
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00435-00097711-00097901 Korea is the biggest challenge you're
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00436-00097902-00098061 gonna face in sort of a national
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00437-00098062-00098304 security sense around the world and this
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00438-00098305-00098501 was a problem that Obama couldn't fix
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00439-00098502-00098756 the nuclear development in North Korea
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00440-00098757-00098940 and so that stuck with Trump and it's
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00441-00098941-00099171 been a motivating factor ever since he
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00442-00099172-00099366 wants to outdo Obama he wants to solve
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00443-00099367-00099506 the problem that his predecessors
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00444-00099507-00099696 couldn't and so because of that he's an
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00445-00099697-00099903 ultimate salesman mode right now he
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00446-00099904-00100076 wants the North Koreans to like him he
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00447-00100077-00100307 wants the North Koreans to come to the
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00448-00100308-00100479 negotiating table with him he wants them
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00449-00100480-00100674 to agree to a deal and so he's willing
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00450-00100675-00100953 to flatter Kim jong-eun he's willing to
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00451-00100954-00101121 you know pose for that picture with the
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00452-00101122-00101361 big envelope in the Oval Office with a
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00453-00101362-00101547 big smile on his face because he feels
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00454-00101548-00101732 like this is his opportunity to do
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00455-00101733-00101966 something truly historic as president
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00456-00101967-00102165 ken but we want to have a quick last
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00457-00102166-00102312 word before we go yeah to your point
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00458-00102313-00102474 Casey about the warmness towards
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00459-00102475-00102774 traditional adversaries and the coolness
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00460-00102775-00103026 towards traditional allies you know
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00461-00103027-00103268 who's loving this tension at the g7 is
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00462-00103269-00103521 Vladimir Putin I mean his whole goal was
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00463-00103522-00103803 to drive wedges between the traditional
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00464-00103804-00104121 Western alliances and he's got that he's
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00465-00104122-00104315 he's meeting with the Chinese and other
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00466-00104316-00104467 officials at the Shanghai Cooperation
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00467-00104468-00104684 Organization annual meeting
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00468-00104685-00104826 hey there I'm Chris Hayes from MSNBC
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00469-00104827-00105081 thanks for watching MSNBC on YouTube if
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00470-00105082-00105198 you want to keep up to date with the
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00471-00105199-00105324 videos we're putting out you can click
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00472-00105325-00105552 subscribe just below me or click over on
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00473-00105553-00105728 this list to see lots of other great
+hVaw3hR-4cY-00474-00105729-00105945 videos
+hbAWb80S9lI-00000-00000185-00001336 [Music]
+hbAWb80S9lI-00001-00001337-00001748 hi everyone this is Jenny Lyles welcome
+hbAWb80S9lI-00002-00001748-00002039 to out of my mind today we were taking
+hbAWb80S9lI-00003-00002039-00002456 on purely political topic of safe and
+hbAWb80S9lI-00004-00002457-00002812 legal abortions so far this year
+hbAWb80S9lI-00005-00002813-00003222 Georgia Mississippi Ohio Kentucky and
+hbAWb80S9lI-00006-00003223-00003622 Alabama have all passed restrictive
+hbAWb80S9lI-00007-00003622-00003890 anti-choice laws that are affecting
+hbAWb80S9lI-00008-00003890-00004222 women in those states the purpose of
+hbAWb80S9lI-00009-00004223-00004574 these laws is to get a test case in
+hbAWb80S9lI-00010-00004575-00004940 front of the US Supreme Court in order
+hbAWb80S9lI-00011-00004941-00005393 for the current conservative majority on
+hbAWb80S9lI-00012-00005394-00005656 the Supreme Court to potentially
+hbAWb80S9lI-00013-00005657-00005893 overturn roe v wade which has been the
+hbAWb80S9lI-00014-00005894-00006167 law of the land since I was still in
+hbAWb80S9lI-00015-00006168-00006626 diapers now before we get into the
+hbAWb80S9lI-00016-00006627-00007037 health and legal effects of this I want
+hbAWb80S9lI-00017-00007038-00007378 to dispel a quick notion about
+hbAWb80S9lI-00018-00007379-00007795 Christianity and abortion the Bible has
+hbAWb80S9lI-00019-00007797-00008231 literally nothing to say about abortion
+hbAWb80S9lI-00020-00008232-00008648 it is not a piece of what the Bible says
+hbAWb80S9lI-00021-00008649-00009142 there is not one word it does however in
+hbAWb80S9lI-00022-00009143-00009509 several places explicitly state that
+hbAWb80S9lI-00023-00009510-00009842 life begins when one draws one's first
+hbAWb80S9lI-00024-00009843-00010255 breath which happens when one is born
+hbAWb80S9lI-00025-00010256-00010583 further a lot of people don't realize
+hbAWb80S9lI-00026-00010584-00010880 this but prior to the 20th century and
+hbAWb80S9lI-00027-00010881-00011138 into the first half of the 20th century
+hbAWb80S9lI-00028-00011139-00011488 it was very common for medical
+hbAWb80S9lI-00029-00011489-00011813 professionals and semi professionals to
+hbAWb80S9lI-00030-00011814-00012263 sell concoctions and teas and various
+hbAWb80S9lI-00031-00012264-00012578 things that quote brought on a woman's
+hbAWb80S9lI-00032-00012579-00012946 menses which meant it started her period
+hbAWb80S9lI-00033-00012947-00013222 most people are not aware of that even
+hbAWb80S9lI-00034-00013223-00013305 if they have
+hbAWb80S9lI-00035-00013306-00013536 read books written in that time period
+hbAWb80S9lI-00036-00013537-00013907 but that is referring to socially
+hbAWb80S9lI-00037-00013908-00014274 acceptable abortions in the first or
+hbAWb80S9lI-00038-00014275-00014538 early second trimesters that have been
+hbAWb80S9lI-00039-00014538-00015210 going on for thousands of years now that
+hbAWb80S9lI-00040-00015211-00015438 we've discussed the religious and
+hbAWb80S9lI-00041-00015438-00015638 cultural aspects I'd like to talk a
+hbAWb80S9lI-00042-00015640-00015855 little bit about what will happen to the
+hbAWb80S9lI-00043-00015856-00016222 health of the women in these states
+hbAWb80S9lI-00044-00016223-00016578 first children who have been raped
+hbAWb80S9lI-00045-00016579-00016899 because remember if you are under the
+hbAWb80S9lI-00046-00016900-00017184 age of majority in any state you cannot
+hbAWb80S9lI-00047-00017185-00017528 have sex there is no such thing if a
+hbAWb80S9lI-00048-00017529-00017793 child becomes pregnant a child has been
+hbAWb80S9lI-00049-00017794-00018213 raped period so children who have become
+hbAWb80S9lI-00050-00018214-00018728 raped will be not may be will be and in
+hbAWb80S9lI-00051-00018729-00019166 fact I believe already are being made to
+hbAWb80S9lI-00052-00019167-00019775 carry their rapists baby to term which
+hbAWb80S9lI-00053-00019776-00020178 is extremely dangerous for girls who
+hbAWb80S9lI-00054-00020179-00020802 have just started becoming fertile at 11
+hbAWb80S9lI-00055-00020803-00021509 12 13 14 15 this is a very serious
+hbAWb80S9lI-00056-00021510-00021809 health problem because these girls are
+hbAWb80S9lI-00057-00021810-00022224 not going to be equipped to give birth
+hbAWb80S9lI-00058-00022225-00022580 to these children let alone raise them
+hbAWb80S9lI-00059-00022581-00022947 mothers will die from having to deliver
+hbAWb80S9lI-00060-00022948-00023367 unviable babies I will come back to this
+hbAWb80S9lI-00061-00023368-00023622 a little bit but it's important to note
+hbAWb80S9lI-00062-00023623-00024075 that sometimes babies die before they're
+hbAWb80S9lI-00063-00024076-00024564 born and if they don't come out if the
+hbAWb80S9lI-00064-00024565-00024800 system does not work and that baby does
+hbAWb80S9lI-00065-00024801-00025055 not get expelled from the body that baby
+hbAWb80S9lI-00066-00025056-00025491 can then kill the mother because it will
+hbAWb80S9lI-00067-00025492-00025950 rot within her body so that is another
+hbAWb80S9lI-00068-00025951-00026205 thing that can happen when you have a
+hbAWb80S9lI-00069-00026206-00026664 strict anti-abortion anti-choice law
+hbAWb80S9lI-00070-00026664-00027102 any reasons another thing is that women
+hbAWb80S9lI-00071-00027102-00027290 will not be able to get effective birth
+hbAWb80S9lI-00072-00027291-00027549 control in some of these states because
+hbAWb80S9lI-00073-00027550-00027729 some of these states are banning such
+hbAWb80S9lI-00074-00027730-00028052 things as birth control pills and other
+hbAWb80S9lI-00075-00028053-00028520 hormonal birth control as well as IUDs
+hbAWb80S9lI-00076-00028522-00028986 on the basis that they stop a fertilized
+hbAWb80S9lI-00077-00028987-00029283 egg from being implanted which isn't
+hbAWb80S9lI-00078-00029283-00029574 again entirely true I'm not going to go
+hbAWb80S9lI-00079-00029575-00030006 deeply into the science of this but it
+hbAWb80S9lI-00080-00030007-00030464 is something that is going to be
+hbAWb80S9lI-00081-00030466-00030705 happening is that women will be denied
+hbAWb80S9lI-00082-00030706-00030951 the forms of birth control that are
+hbAWb80S9lI-00083-00030952-00031286 first of all the most reliable and
+hbAWb80S9lI-00084-00031287-00031724 second the most in control of the woman
+hbAWb80S9lI-00085-00031725-00032073 one thing many people don't realize is
+hbAWb80S9lI-00086-00032074-00032511 that domestic violence abusers often use
+hbAWb80S9lI-00087-00032512-00032921 pregnancy as a way to further subjugate
+hbAWb80S9lI-00088-00032922-00033437 the women they are attempting to abuse
+hbAWb80S9lI-00089-00033438-00033654 so they will get a woman pregnant in
+hbAWb80S9lI-00090-00033655-00033906 order to keep her dependent in order to
+hbAWb80S9lI-00091-00033907-00034358 keep her in their power and they will
+hbAWb80S9lI-00092-00034359-00034755 refuse to use condoms they will promise
+hbAWb80S9lI-00093-00034756-00035114 to pull out and not pull out they will
+hbAWb80S9lI-00094-00035115-00035499 do things so that women are not able to
+hbAWb80S9lI-00095-00035500-00035750 protect themselves from pregnancy and
+hbAWb80S9lI-00096-00035751-00036083 this does happen and it's a very common
+hbAWb80S9lI-00097-00036084-00036483 way in domestic violence to keep a woman
+hbAWb80S9lI-00098-00036484-00036896 in that relationship so that is another
+hbAWb80S9lI-00099-00036897-00037302 health risk from not allowing certain
+hbAWb80S9lI-00100-00037303-00037560 birth controls that some of these laws
+hbAWb80S9lI-00101-00037561-00038193 are claiming our abortifacients another
+hbAWb80S9lI-00102-00038194-00038658 health issue is that women will start
+hbAWb80S9lI-00103-00038659-00038968 hiding miscarriages and ectopic
+hbAWb80S9lI-00104-00038969-00039354 pregnancies in states where having an
+hbAWb80S9lI-00105-00039355-00039756 abortion is a felony because what will
+hbAWb80S9lI-00106-00039757-00039960 happen when women has
+hbAWb80S9lI-00107-00039961-00040190 carriages and show up at the emergency
+hbAWb80S9lI-00108-00040191-00040558 room in the middle of a miscarriage is
+hbAWb80S9lI-00109-00040559-00040970 that they will be forced to sit in that
+hbAWb80S9lI-00110-00040971-00041252 emergency room while the police are
+hbAWb80S9lI-00111-00041253-00041765 called and an investigation is made to
+hbAWb80S9lI-00112-00041766-00042039 determine whether or not that
+hbAWb80S9lI-00113-00042040-00042357 miscarriage was natural and there's
+hbAWb80S9lI-00114-00042358-00042695 often no way to prove that it is because
+hbAWb80S9lI-00115-00042696-00042977 that's simply the nature of miscarriages
+hbAWb80S9lI-00116-00042978-00043257 and therefore women who have done
+hbAWb80S9lI-00117-00043258-00043557 nothing to break the law are in danger
+hbAWb80S9lI-00118-00043558-00043937 of going to jail and women knowing this
+hbAWb80S9lI-00119-00043938-00044246 will avoid seeking medical treatment for
+hbAWb80S9lI-00120-00044247-00044615 miscarriages to avoid jail which could
+hbAWb80S9lI-00121-00044616-00044826 very well especially in the case of
+hbAWb80S9lI-00122-00044827-00045052 ectopic pregnancies and other
+hbAWb80S9lI-00123-00045053-00045342 abnormalities that can cause problems
+hbAWb80S9lI-00124-00045343-00045624 with uterine bleeding
+hbAWb80S9lI-00125-00045625-00046049 these could cause severe illness up to
+hbAWb80S9lI-00126-00046050-00046607 and including death moving on from the
+hbAWb80S9lI-00127-00046608-00047039 health risks that can come from these
+hbAWb80S9lI-00128-00047040-00047280 laws I want to talk about the legal
+hbAWb80S9lI-00129-00047281-00047474 issues we touched on one of those just
+hbAWb80S9lI-00130-00047475-00047955 now that women will be felons if they
+hbAWb80S9lI-00131-00047956-00048186 are caught having an abortion a quick
+hbAWb80S9lI-00132-00048187-00048461 statistic for you whether abortions are
+hbAWb80S9lI-00133-00048462-00048707 legal or illegal in the course of a
+hbAWb80S9lI-00134-00048708-00049142 woman's lifespan one-third of women will
+hbAWb80S9lI-00135-00049143-00049562 typically get an abortion one-third most
+hbAWb80S9lI-00136-00049563-00049923 of those women are already mothers so
+hbAWb80S9lI-00137-00049924-00050246 there are two very glaring legal issues
+hbAWb80S9lI-00138-00050247-00050282 here
+hbAWb80S9lI-00139-00050283-00050651 first of all felons can't vote in any of
+hbAWb80S9lI-00140-00050652-00050870 the states that are passing these laws
+hbAWb80S9lI-00141-00050871-00051204 and that is going to serve the purpose
+hbAWb80S9lI-00142-00051204-00051755 of potentially preventing one third one
+hbAWb80S9lI-00143-00051757-00052100 third of all women in those states over
+hbAWb80S9lI-00144-00052101-00052451 time from being able to vote now of
+hbAWb80S9lI-00145-00052452-00052641 course we all know that laws like this
+hbAWb80S9lI-00146-00052641-00052947 are prosecuted differentially and if you
+hbAWb80S9lI-00147-00052948-00053211 are wealthy and/or attached to the
+hbAWb80S9lI-00148-00053212-00053284 Republican
+hbAWb80S9lI-00149-00053285-00053580 party you will be able to get an
+hbAWb80S9lI-00150-00053581-00053832 abortion regardless of what the log says
+hbAWb80S9lI-00151-00053833-00054040 because that is the way it has always
+hbAWb80S9lI-00152-00054041-00054332 been in all places where abortion bans
+hbAWb80S9lI-00153-00054333-00054772 happen however if you are poor and or
+hbAWb80S9lI-00154-00054773-00055210 brown or black you are going to be more
+hbAWb80S9lI-00155-00055211-00055624 likely prosecuted not only for an actual
+hbAWb80S9lI-00156-00055625-00056018 planned abortion but also for
+hbAWb80S9lI-00157-00056019-00056485 miscarriages that happen and this will
+hbAWb80S9lI-00158-00056486-00056916 again serve one party that doesn't get
+hbAWb80S9lI-00159-00056917-00057136 women to vote for it in as large a
+hbAWb80S9lI-00160-00057137-00057466 number and it is trying to hold on to
+hbAWb80S9lI-00161-00057466-00057888 power now again these women are parents
+hbAWb80S9lI-00162-00057889-00058510 and when they are arrested they can
+hbAWb80S9lI-00163-00058511-00058881 serve up to 99 years in prison so we are
+hbAWb80S9lI-00164-00058882-00059205 looking at mothers of children being
+hbAWb80S9lI-00165-00059206-00059451 separated from their children putting
+hbAWb80S9lI-00166-00059452-00059694 more children into the foster care
+hbAWb80S9lI-00167-00059695-00059937 system and when we consider that we're
+hbAWb80S9lI-00168-00059938-00060117 talking one third of women have
+hbAWb80S9lI-00169-00060118-00060274 abortions in their lifetime we're
+hbAWb80S9lI-00170-00060275-00060646 talking a very large prison population
+hbAWb80S9lI-00171-00060647-00060894 and population of children who grow up
+hbAWb80S9lI-00172-00060895-00061230 without their mothers now some of them
+hbAWb80S9lI-00173-00061231-00061435 will have perfectly good fathers to
+hbAWb80S9lI-00174-00061436-00061591 raise them and that's wonderful and
+hbAWb80S9lI-00175-00061591-00061767 we're really happy those fathers are
+hbAWb80S9lI-00176-00061768-00062209 there others however will not and they
+hbAWb80S9lI-00177-00062210-00062434 will be put into already overcrowded
+hbAWb80S9lI-00178-00062435-00062841 foster care systems that leave somewhere
+hbAWb80S9lI-00179-00062842-00063180 in the neighborhood of tens of thousands
+hbAWb80S9lI-00180-00063181-00063640 of children to age out of foster care in
+hbAWb80S9lI-00181-00063641-00063853 a given year throughout the country
+hbAWb80S9lI-00182-00063854-00064299 already so we are looking at a situation
+hbAWb80S9lI-00183-00064300-00064728 we're an already bad situation for
+hbAWb80S9lI-00184-00064729-00064974 children that don't have enough support
+hbAWb80S9lI-00185-00064975-00065340 will become worse because of these laws
+hbAWb80S9lI-00186-00065341-00065659 in a couple of these states and I don't
+hbAWb80S9lI-00187-00065660-00065862 remember which ones you can review the
+hbAWb80S9lI-00188-00065863-00066217 statutes that yourself the statute is
+hbAWb80S9lI-00189-00066218-00066553 saying that if a woman leaves the state
+hbAWb80S9lI-00190-00066554-00066772 to have an abortion in another state
+hbAWb80S9lI-00191-00066773-00067336 upon her return she can be arrested for
+hbAWb80S9lI-00192-00067337-00067720 having an abortion outside the confines
+hbAWb80S9lI-00193-00067721-00068041 of that state's laws now I am fairly
+hbAWb80S9lI-00194-00068042-00068359 certain that that will not hold up as
+hbAWb80S9lI-00195-00068360-00068670 that is a direct constitutional
+hbAWb80S9lI-00196-00068671-00069004 violation however I am NOT a lawyer and
+hbAWb80S9lI-00197-00069005-00069553 I am Not sure and in any case the thing
+hbAWb80S9lI-00198-00069554-00069838 that that does is it makes the woman's
+hbAWb80S9lI-00199-00069839-00070426 body the property of the state that says
+hbAWb80S9lI-00200-00070427-00070777 she cannot leave that state to get a
+hbAWb80S9lI-00201-00070778-00071092 procedure elsewhere that is legal under
+hbAWb80S9lI-00202-00071093-00071464 that other jurisdiction so that is
+hbAWb80S9lI-00203-00071465-00072015 another major legal issue with these
+hbAWb80S9lI-00204-00072016-00072526 finally anytime that you create a brand
+hbAWb80S9lI-00205-00072527-00072796 new class of felon you are giving more
+hbAWb80S9lI-00206-00072797-00073135 power to the police state and the police
+hbAWb80S9lI-00207-00073136-00073363 state already has too much power
+hbAWb80S9lI-00208-00073364-00073630 we are already prosecuting people for
+hbAWb80S9lI-00209-00073631-00073846 crimes not because they make our society
+hbAWb80S9lI-00210-00073847-00074164 better but because we are thereby
+hbAWb80S9lI-00211-00074165-00074395 controlling the populations they are a
+hbAWb80S9lI-00212-00074396-00074689 part of such as black people and Native
+hbAWb80S9lI-00213-00074690-00075022 Americans and immigrants although in
+hbAWb80S9lI-00214-00075023-00075229 case you have forgotten immigrants
+hbAWb80S9lI-00215-00075230-00075529 actually commit less crimes fewer crimes
+hbAWb80S9lI-00216-00075530-00076167 per capita than native-born Americans
+hbAWb80S9lI-00217-00076168-00076546 what can we do in the case of all these
+hbAWb80S9lI-00218-00076547-00076882 laws because these laws are already
+hbAWb80S9lI-00219-00076883-00077128 passed there's those of us in the
+hbAWb80S9lI-00220-00077129-00077296 feminist movement who've been yelling
+hbAWb80S9lI-00221-00077297-00077584 about this for decades saying we're
+hbAWb80S9lI-00222-00077585-00077833 going back to the dark ages and over and
+hbAWb80S9lI-00223-00077834-00077977 over again we've been saying not yet
+hbAWb80S9lI-00224-00077978-00078265 it's not that big a deal and we've been
+hbAWb80S9lI-00225-00078266-00078448 saying oh yeah it is that big a deal and
+hbAWb80S9lI-00226-00078449-00078589 we need to stop this now and we keep
+hbAWb80S9lI-00227-00078590-00078748 being told it's not that big a deal
+hbAWb80S9lI-00228-00078749-00079045 that'll never happen and they were wrong
+hbAWb80S9lI-00229-00079046-00079375 and we were right so the first thing we
+hbAWb80S9lI-00230-00079376-00079534 need to do is promote scientific
+hbAWb80S9lI-00231-00079535-00079900 literacy for all it is not
+hbAWb80S9lI-00232-00079901-00080200 possible for example to carry an ectopic
+hbAWb80S9lI-00233-00080201-00080680 pregnancy to term and despite what one
+hbAWb80S9lI-00234-00080681-00080905 of the laws in question believes it is
+hbAWb80S9lI-00235-00080906-00081415 also not possible to remove a fetus or
+hbAWb80S9lI-00236-00081416-00081975 actually at that case a zygote from a
+hbAWb80S9lI-00237-00081976-00082372 fallopian tube or other extra uterine
+hbAWb80S9lI-00238-00082373-00082677 place where it has implanted and
+hbAWb80S9lI-00239-00082678-00082951 re-implant it in the uterus there are a
+hbAWb80S9lI-00240-00082952-00083236 lot of women who would be thrilled if
+hbAWb80S9lI-00241-00083237-00083482 that particular procedure was available
+hbAWb80S9lI-00242-00083483-00083707 because they have lost children to
+hbAWb80S9lI-00243-00083708-00083998 ectopic pregnancies but that procedure
+hbAWb80S9lI-00244-00083999-00084229 does not exist at this point in science
+hbAWb80S9lI-00245-00084230-00084709 and therefore we can't actually make
+hbAWb80S9lI-00246-00084710-00084871 that law because we don't have the
+hbAWb80S9lI-00247-00084872-00085237 science to back it up some of these laws
+hbAWb80S9lI-00248-00085238-00085441 are a little less restrictive they say
+hbAWb80S9lI-00249-00085442-00085701 no abortions after six weeks pregnant
+hbAWb80S9lI-00250-00085702-00086017 that sounds reasonable that's a month
+hbAWb80S9lI-00251-00086018-00086404 and a half right except that at six
+hbAWb80S9lI-00252-00086405-00086506 weeks pregnant
+hbAWb80S9lI-00253-00086507-00087004 a woman has at most missed one period
+hbAWb80S9lI-00254-00087005-00087457 and most young women are going to have
+hbAWb80S9lI-00255-00087458-00087673 times when they miss periods for things
+hbAWb80S9lI-00256-00087674-00088081 that are not pregnancy that are stress
+hbAWb80S9lI-00257-00088082-00088467 or illness or something like that and so
+hbAWb80S9lI-00258-00088468-00088843 when a woman is confirmed to be pregnant
+hbAWb80S9lI-00259-00088844-00089299 she has roughly less than a week to make
+hbAWb80S9lI-00260-00089300-00089521 a decision about an abortion and much of
+hbAWb80S9lI-00261-00089522-00089851 that week is taken up by prior laws that
+hbAWb80S9lI-00262-00089852-00090271 require videos and a waiting period and
+hbAWb80S9lI-00263-00090272-00090435 things like that
+hbAWb80S9lI-00264-00090436-00090751 here's another thing that's a matter of
+hbAWb80S9lI-00265-00090752-00091186 social science making abortions illegal
+hbAWb80S9lI-00266-00091187-00091564 does not prevent abortions it doesn't
+hbAWb80S9lI-00267-00091565-00091828 lower them even a little bit
+hbAWb80S9lI-00268-00091829-00092107 the statistics are always at Guttmacher
+hbAWb80S9lI-00269-00092108-00092314 you institute you're welcome to look
+hbAWb80S9lI-00270-00092315-00092665 them up yourself the difference between
+hbAWb80S9lI-00271-00092666-00093037 a place where abortion is legal or
+hbAWb80S9lI-00272-00093038-00093180 illegal
+hbAWb80S9lI-00273-00093181-00093676 is that if it is illegal women die
+hbAWb80S9lI-00274-00093677-00094005 abortion is safer than giving birth if
+hbAWb80S9lI-00275-00094006-00094391 it is done medically under control
+hbAWb80S9lI-00276-00094392-00094751 situations if it is a back-alley
+hbAWb80S9lI-00277-00094752-00095012 abortion it is more dangerous and women
+hbAWb80S9lI-00278-00095013-00095460 dying also the things that happen to
+hbAWb80S9lI-00279-00095461-00095767 make abortions happen less are to make
+hbAWb80S9lI-00280-00095768-00096098 birth control free and widely available
+hbAWb80S9lI-00281-00096099-00096361 which of course is not going to happen
+hbAWb80S9lI-00282-00096362-00096623 with these people in charge of these
+hbAWb80S9lI-00283-00096624-00096915 legislators so how can we fight this
+hbAWb80S9lI-00284-00096916-00097094 again we've already talked a little bit
+hbAWb80S9lI-00285-00097095-00097467 about stating some scientific facts now
+hbAWb80S9lI-00286-00097468-00097686 we're gonna do something that I touched
+hbAWb80S9lI-00287-00097687-00098010 on a little bit a couple weeks ago where
+hbAWb80S9lI-00288-00098011-00098294 we Double Down instead of backing down
+hbAWb80S9lI-00289-00098295-00098478 when somebody is trying to push our
+hbAWb80S9lI-00290-00098479-00098875 boundaries so the first thing we say is
+hbAWb80S9lI-00291-00098876-00099159 let's discuss the rights of a corpse
+hbAWb80S9lI-00292-00099160-00099510 versus the rights of a woman if somebody
+hbAWb80S9lI-00293-00099511-00099771 has said before they die I do not
+hbAWb80S9lI-00294-00099772-00099986 believe that my body should be allowed
+hbAWb80S9lI-00295-00099987-00100226 to be dismembered after my death and I
+hbAWb80S9lI-00296-00100227-00100491 expressly forbid you to harvest my body
+hbAWb80S9lI-00297-00100492-00100793 for organs you cannot do that even
+hbAWb80S9lI-00298-00100794-00100971 though the body is dead even though
+hbAWb80S9lI-00299-00100972-00101178 they're going to be cremated even though
+hbAWb80S9lI-00300-00101179-00101468 none of their organs are being used by
+hbAWb80S9lI-00301-00101469-00101626 them anymore
+hbAWb80S9lI-00302-00101627-00102391 however a embryo of zygote a fetus can
+hbAWb80S9lI-00303-00102392-00102663 in these states where abortion is
+hbAWb80S9lI-00304-00102664-00103106 illegal use a woman's uterus against her
+hbAWb80S9lI-00305-00103107-00103535 consent for eight months potentially
+hbAWb80S9lI-00306-00103536-00103741 damaging it for the rest of her life
+hbAWb80S9lI-00307-00103742-00104216 potentially causing major problems in
+hbAWb80S9lI-00308-00104217-00104697 her life and the woman has no recourse
+hbAWb80S9lI-00309-00104698-00105016 in these states so in these states a
+hbAWb80S9lI-00310-00105017-00105513 corpse literally has more rights than a
+hbAWb80S9lI-00311-00105514-00106091 living woman also we want to promote the
+hbAWb80S9lI-00312-00106092-00106391 idea that if women are going to be
+hbAWb80S9lI-00313-00106392-00106559 forced to give birth
+hbAWb80S9lI-00314-00106560-00106880 they have the right to sue for damages
+hbAWb80S9lI-00315-00106881-00107270 for anybody who leaves sperm in their
+hbAWb80S9lI-00316-00107271-00107657 vagina that then causes a pregnancy
+hbAWb80S9lI-00317-00107658-00108294 because of negligence or because of any
+hbAWb80S9lI-00318-00108295-00108584 kind of violence whatsoever so women
+hbAWb80S9lI-00319-00108585-00108819 should be able to sue rapists for
+hbAWb80S9lI-00320-00108820-00109034 damages they should be able to sue
+hbAWb80S9lI-00321-00109035-00109332 people who refuse to use a condom for
+hbAWb80S9lI-00322-00109333-00109743 damages they refuse if anybody tampers
+hbAWb80S9lI-00323-00109744-00109905 with their birth control they should be
+hbAWb80S9lI-00324-00109906-00110351 able to sue for damages also if a fetus
+hbAWb80S9lI-00325-00110352-00110673 zygote embryo is a human life at
+hbAWb80S9lI-00326-00110674-00111114 conception then clearly child support
+hbAWb80S9lI-00327-00111115-00111372 needs to begin at conception
+hbAWb80S9lI-00328-00111373-00111702 so we determine who the father is and
+hbAWb80S9lI-00329-00111703-00111954 the father begins paying child support
+hbAWb80S9lI-00330-00111955-00112265 while the child is still in the womb and
+hbAWb80S9lI-00331-00112266-00112605 the mother all medical bills should be
+hbAWb80S9lI-00332-00112606-00112947 covered by that father so we start
+hbAWb80S9lI-00333-00112948-00113313 lobbying for these sorts of laws finally
+hbAWb80S9lI-00334-00113314-00113544 the third one that we want to double
+hbAWb80S9lI-00335-00113545-00113783 down on that we're going to push back on
+hbAWb80S9lI-00336-00113784-00114033 these boundary crossings is we're gonna
+hbAWb80S9lI-00337-00114033-00114209 say you know what we might not be able
+hbAWb80S9lI-00338-00114210-00114369 to get this passed but let's go ahead
+hbAWb80S9lI-00339-00114370-00114719 and try how about we make it a law that
+hbAWb80S9lI-00340-00114720-00115331 every man has to be sterilized through a
+hbAWb80S9lI-00341-00115332-00115467 vasectomy
+hbAWb80S9lI-00342-00115468-00115839 at adolescence and that he cannot get
+hbAWb80S9lI-00343-00115840-00116199 that vasectomy overturned until he has
+hbAWb80S9lI-00344-00116200-00116541 been in a relationship with a woman for
+hbAWb80S9lI-00345-00116542-00116907 two years and that woman has given her
+hbAWb80S9lI-00346-00116908-00116997 consent
+hbAWb80S9lI-00347-00116998-00117357 now clearly especially that last one
+hbAWb80S9lI-00348-00117358-00117792 that is not intended to pass what it is
+hbAWb80S9lI-00349-00117793-00118157 intended to do is to highlight the idea
+hbAWb80S9lI-00350-00118158-00118629 that this is a bodily autonomy issue by
+hbAWb80S9lI-00351-00118630-00118857 pointing out to men that they would
+hbAWb80S9lI-00352-00118858-00119240 never tolerate a similar sort of law
+hbAWb80S9lI-00353-00119241-00119538 conducting how their bodies can be
+hbAWb80S9lI-00354-00119539-00120209 don't with we can also fight to overturn
+hbAWb80S9lI-00355-00120210-00120531 these laws by voiding voting for new
+hbAWb80S9lI-00356-00120532-00120761 appointees of judges which means
+hbAWb80S9lI-00357-00120763-00121154 legislatures and governors and for new
+hbAWb80S9lI-00358-00121155-00121541 judges where that is possible we need to
+hbAWb80S9lI-00359-00121542-00121971 be checking the choice information of
+hbAWb80S9lI-00360-00121972-00122319 everybody we vote for from dog catcher
+hbAWb80S9lI-00361-00122320-00122640 on up because dog catcher is where you
+hbAWb80S9lI-00362-00122641-00122891 start before you become state
+hbAWb80S9lI-00363-00122892-00123165 representative and then state senator
+hbAWb80S9lI-00364-00123166-00123566 and then governor now let's talk a
+hbAWb80S9lI-00365-00123567-00124020 little bit about overturning some of the
+hbAWb80S9lI-00366-00124021-00124502 lies that are being told about abortions
+hbAWb80S9lI-00367-00124503-00124808 the idea of course we go back to the
+hbAWb80S9lI-00368-00124809-00125283 idea that abortions if they are illegal
+hbAWb80S9lI-00369-00125283-00125636 stop abortions that is a lie and we need
+hbAWb80S9lI-00370-00125638-00125898 to call that out all it does is kill
+hbAWb80S9lI-00371-00125899-00126249 women it does not stop abortions there
+hbAWb80S9lI-00372-00126250-00126507 is no such thing as a post birth
+hbAWb80S9lI-00373-00126508-00126993 abortion that is a heinous lie it is
+hbAWb80S9lI-00374-00126994-00127371 being spread deliberately to incite
+hbAWb80S9lI-00375-00127372-00127816 violence against pro-choice people and
+hbAWb80S9lI-00376-00127817-00128145 therefore needs to be countered loudly
+hbAWb80S9lI-00377-00128146-00129015 and often and all late term abortions
+hbAWb80S9lI-00378-00129016-00129377 are carried out for one of three reasons
+hbAWb80S9lI-00379-00129378-00129809 the first as I shown earlier is that the
+hbAWb80S9lI-00380-00129810-00130113 baby is already dead it is inside the
+hbAWb80S9lI-00381-00130114-00130431 woman's uterus and if it does not come
+hbAWb80S9lI-00382-00130432-00130763 out that woman is likely to die herself
+hbAWb80S9lI-00383-00130764-00131064 the second is that the baby is not dead
+hbAWb80S9lI-00384-00131065-00131370 but it is dying and it will not survive
+hbAWb80S9lI-00385-00131371-00131906 the birth and
+hbAWb80S9lI-00386-00131907-00132381 therefore needs to come out because it
+hbAWb80S9lI-00387-00132382-00132762 is damaging the mother the third reason
+hbAWb80S9lI-00388-00132763-00132978 again comes down to the mother the
+hbAWb80S9lI-00389-00132979-00133317 mother is ill the mother is injured and
+hbAWb80S9lI-00390-00133318-00133644 if she carries this baby any longer
+hbAWb80S9lI-00391-00133645-00134016 she will die so these are the reasons
+hbAWb80S9lI-00392-00134017-00134508 that late term abortions happen a baby
+hbAWb80S9lI-00393-00134509-00134856 is born without kidneys or conceived I'm
+hbAWb80S9lI-00394-00134857-00135171 sorry a fetus is found to have no lungs
+hbAWb80S9lI-00395-00135172-00135576 a fetus is found to have no brain these
+hbAWb80S9lI-00396-00135577-00135822 things happen and when these things
+hbAWb80S9lI-00397-00135823-00136071 happen the most humane thing we can do
+hbAWb80S9lI-00398-00136072-00136593 for everybody is enable that child to be
+hbAWb80S9lI-00399-00136594-00136854 brought into the world allow the mother
+hbAWb80S9lI-00400-00136855-00137127 and other parents and grandparents a
+hbAWb80S9lI-00401-00137128-00137748 time of mourning and then move on but we
+hbAWb80S9lI-00402-00137749-00138225 do not go haha I've decided I no longer
+hbAWb80S9lI-00403-00138226-00138444 want to be pregnant I'm eight and a half
+hbAWb80S9lI-00404-00138445-00138627 months pregnant get rid of this thing
+hbAWb80S9lI-00405-00138628-00139035 that does not happen now after children
+hbAWb80S9lI-00406-00139036-00139275 are born we need to discuss if you're
+hbAWb80S9lI-00407-00139276-00139518 calling yourself pro-life you have a lot
+hbAWb80S9lI-00408-00139519-00139845 of work to do because let's start with
+hbAWb80S9lI-00409-00139846-00140217 just the idea of poverty we have roughly
+hbAWb80S9lI-00410-00140218-00140484 a thirteen percent of children in the
+hbAWb80S9lI-00411-00140485-00140769 United States live under the poverty
+hbAWb80S9lI-00412-00140770-00140991 level and an additional something in the
+hbAWb80S9lI-00413-00140992-00141345 neighborhood of 20% live just above the
+hbAWb80S9lI-00414-00141346-00141537 poverty level these children don't have
+hbAWb80S9lI-00415-00141538-00141936 consistent food decent shelter they go
+hbAWb80S9lI-00416-00141937-00142167 to schools that are understaffed and
+hbAWb80S9lI-00417-00142168-00142493 under utilized in terms of resources
+hbAWb80S9lI-00418-00142494-00142800 they live in unsafe neighborhoods that
+hbAWb80S9lI-00419-00142801-00143217 are plagued by violence and yet we are
+hbAWb80S9lI-00420-00143218-00143376 saying let's bring more of these
+hbAWb80S9lI-00421-00143377-00143691 children into the world that whose
+hbAWb80S9lI-00422-00143692-00144093 parents can't provide for them and leave
+hbAWb80S9lI-00423-00144094-00144510 them to suffer gun violence we are
+hbAWb80S9lI-00424-00144511-00144762 talking about protecting the rights of
+hbAWb80S9lI-00425-00144763-00145089 zygotes but our kindergarteners can tell
+hbAWb80S9lI-00426-00145090-00145173 us exactly
+hbAWb80S9lI-00427-00145174-00145512 what it feels like to hide from a gunman
+hbAWb80S9lI-00428-00145513-00145754 in their classroom because they have
+hbAWb80S9lI-00429-00145755-00146129 been practicing drills every year and
+hbAWb80S9lI-00430-00146130-00146499 they know their old pros at hiding from
+hbAWb80S9lI-00431-00146500-00146891 gunmen and children in their teens died
+hbAWb80S9lI-00432-00146892-00147168 because they find loose guns and kill
+hbAWb80S9lI-00433-00147169-00147489 themselves or are shot or kill others
+hbAWb80S9lI-00434-00147490-00148044 and we need to address that if we want
+hbAWb80S9lI-00435-00148045-00148461 to call ourselves pro-life migrant
+hbAWb80S9lI-00436-00148462-00148764 children are living at the u.s. border
+hbAWb80S9lI-00437-00148765-00148991 and in hidden little corners all over
+hbAWb80S9lI-00438-00148992-00149304 the country they live in cages where
+hbAWb80S9lI-00439-00149305-00149544 they are being physically emotionally
+hbAWb80S9lI-00440-00149545-00150129 and sexually abused on a daily basis in
+hbAWb80S9lI-00441-00150130-00150471 the name of the United States of America
+hbAWb80S9lI-00442-00150472-00150846 and until we address that and condemn
+hbAWb80S9lI-00443-00150847-00151202 that we cannot call ourselves pro-life
+hbAWb80S9lI-00444-00151203-00151539 finally there's the death penalty if you
+hbAWb80S9lI-00445-00151540-00151851 are pro-life you can't say for this
+hbAWb80S9lI-00446-00151852-00152049 particular crime or that particular
+hbAWb80S9lI-00447-00152050-00152385 crime that person needs to die if you
+hbAWb80S9lI-00448-00152386-00152664 are pro-life you need to be pro-life for
+hbAWb80S9lI-00449-00152665-00152913 everyone even the people you find the
+hbAWb80S9lI-00450-00152914-00153219 most disgusting and that is a hard
+hbAWb80S9lI-00451-00153220-00153483 position to take but in most civilized
+hbAWb80S9lI-00452-00153484-00153744 countries they have taken that position
+hbAWb80S9lI-00453-00153745-00153987 and it works rather well for them I'd
+hbAWb80S9lI-00454-00153988-00154204 like to see this country do that as well
+hbAWb80S9lI-00455-00154205-00154461 finally one thing we can do to combat
+hbAWb80S9lI-00456-00154462-00154683 all this is tell our own abortion
+hbAWb80S9lI-00457-00154684-00155022 stories mine goes something like this I
+hbAWb80S9lI-00458-00155023-00155507 have never had an abortion but in 1965
+hbAWb80S9lI-00459-00155508-00155949 in late spring the United States had a
+hbAWb80S9lI-00460-00155950-00156195 rubella epidemic this was prior to when
+hbAWb80S9lI-00461-00156196-00156491 the MMR vaccine a vaccine was available
+hbAWb80S9lI-00462-00156492-00156996 and rubella is generally a fairly mild
+hbAWb80S9lI-00463-00156997-00157311 disease however if you get it while you
+hbAWb80S9lI-00464-00157312-00157563 are pregnant you are likely to have a
+hbAWb80S9lI-00465-00157564-00157856 child that is profoundly disabled and
+hbAWb80S9lI-00466-00157857-00158145 potentially unable to survive past the
+hbAWb80S9lI-00467-00158146-00158373 first year of life
+hbAWb80S9lI-00468-00158374-00158793 my mother who at that time had a
+hbAWb80S9lI-00469-00158794-00159071 four-year-old son and a six-year-old son
+hbAWb80S9lI-00470-00159072-00159404 who was an alcoholic and who had been
+hbAWb80S9lI-00471-00159405-00159900 diagnosed with Bipolar had her mother
+hbAWb80S9lI-00472-00159901-00160260 dying that spring she wanted to have a
+hbAWb80S9lI-00473-00160261-00160589 little girl before her mother died so
+hbAWb80S9lI-00474-00160590-00160853 she and my father tried and conceived a
+hbAWb80S9lI-00475-00160854-00161283 baby and then she got rubella in the
+hbAWb80S9lI-00476-00161284-00161532 worst stage of pregnancy to get rubella
+hbAWb80S9lI-00477-00161533-00161862 and this was pre roe v-- wade but this
+hbAWb80S9lI-00478-00161863-00162051 was Vermont where people are civilized
+hbAWb80S9lI-00479-00162052-00162651 and my mother went to her doctor and she
+hbAWb80S9lI-00480-00162652-00163288 went to her minister and she went to her
+hbAWb80S9lI-00481-00163289-00163761 my father and she said hey what do I do
+hbAWb80S9lI-00482-00163762-00164136 here I'm not sure that I can you know
+hbAWb80S9lI-00483-00164137-00164496 handle having a disabled child and folks
+hbAWb80S9lI-00484-00164497-00164738 I am NOT being able to steer and my
+hbAWb80S9lI-00485-00164739-00165065 mother was severely disabled and very
+hbAWb80S9lI-00486-00165066-00165360 fragile and I'm not sure she could have
+hbAWb80S9lI-00487-00165361-00165696 raised a severely disabled child she
+hbAWb80S9lI-00488-00165697-00165984 probably would have had a very hard time
+hbAWb80S9lI-00489-00165985-00166229 with it and I know she would not have
+hbAWb80S9lI-00490-00166230-00166422 done well with a miscarriage or
+hbAWb80S9lI-00491-00166423-00166812 stillbirth so after discussing with my
+hbAWb80S9lI-00492-00166813-00167138 father and with my her minister who was
+hbAWb80S9lI-00493-00167139-00167468 an Episcopalian priest and with her
+hbAWb80S9lI-00494-00167469-00167912 doctor she made the decision to have a
+hbAWb80S9lI-00495-00167913-00168345 medically approved abortion and she had
+hbAWb80S9lI-00496-00168346-00168602 this sometime in late spring or mid
+hbAWb80S9lI-00497-00168603-00169298 summer of 1965 and I was conceived in
+hbAWb80S9lI-00498-00169299-00169794 October of 1965 now folks if you can do
+hbAWb80S9lI-00499-00169795-00170106 math you understand that if my mother
+hbAWb80S9lI-00500-00170107-00170418 had not had that abortion the world
+hbAWb80S9lI-00501-00170419-00170612 would not have been blessed with me
+hbAWb80S9lI-00502-00170613-00170816 instead it would have been blessed with
+hbAWb80S9lI-00503-00170817-00171084 my older brother or sister
+hbAWb80S9lI-00504-00171085-00171333 who would probably not have lived out
+hbAWb80S9lI-00505-00171334-00171613 more than about a year of their life and
+hbAWb80S9lI-00506-00171614-00172107 who would have probably been in an
+hbAWb80S9lI-00507-00172108-00172443 unsustainable situation because my
+hbAWb80S9lI-00508-00172444-00172679 mother would not have done well with
+hbAWb80S9lI-00509-00172680-00173153 their needs so that's my abortion story
+hbAWb80S9lI-00510-00173154-00173373 you probably have your own somebody in
+hbAWb80S9lI-00511-00173374-00173760 your family yourself has had to struggle
+hbAWb80S9lI-00512-00173761-00174012 with the idea of abortion has had an
+hbAWb80S9lI-00513-00174013-00174309 abortion has made a decision one way or
+hbAWb80S9lI-00514-00174310-00174866 another and lived with it and or has had
+hbAWb80S9lI-00515-00174867-00175335 a pregnancy that ended in miscarriage or
+hbAWb80S9lI-00516-00175336-00175574 something like that share those stories
+hbAWb80S9lI-00517-00175575-00175806 when we're talking about choice talk
+hbAWb80S9lI-00518-00175807-00176189 about the health risks of pregnancy and
+hbAWb80S9lI-00519-00176190-00176402 how important it is that women can
+hbAWb80S9lI-00520-00176403-00176699 decide for themselves whether or not
+hbAWb80S9lI-00521-00176700-00177033 they can handle those health risks in
+hbAWb80S9lI-00522-00177034-00177360 any case I am done with purely political
+hbAWb80S9lI-00523-00177361-00177836 right now and I will return to purely
+hbAWb80S9lI-00524-00177837-00178112 mental health topics in the next couple
+hbAWb80S9lI-00525-00178113-00178691 of weeks I will be right here doodling
+hbAWb80S9lI-00526-00178692-00178961 coloring knitting playing video games
+hbAWb80S9lI-00527-00178962-00179334 and talking to you from out of my mind
+hbAWb80S9lI-00528-00179335-00179556 don't forget if you want to see other
+hbAWb80S9lI-00529-00179557-00180161 videos go 200mm dot live or patreon.com
+hbAWb80S9lI-00530-00180162-00180744 backslash jl IL ES thank you very much
+hbAWb80S9lI-00531-00180745-00181095 and I hope that you tune in again to
+hbAWb80S9lI-00532-00181096-00181463 these videos twice a week for as long as
+hbAWb80S9lI-00533-00181464-00182204 I'm doing talk to you later thank you
+hbAWb80S9lI-00534-00182205-00183731 [Music]
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00000-00000008-00000262 everyone welcome to the china and the
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00001-00000263-00000366 global south
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00002-00000367-00000567 small group expert led discussion of the
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00003-00000568-00000799 2021 epic symposium
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00004-00000800-00000991 my name is david jang and i'm a second
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00005-00000992-00001174 year student in this year's epic
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00006-00001175-00001311 class who's studying international
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00007-00001312-00001511 relations today's
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00008-00001512-00001614 discussion we'll look forward to
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00009-00001616-00001798 discussing china's growing involvement
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00010-00001800-00001926 in burgeoning relations
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00011-00001927-00002231 in the lac latin american and caribbean
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00012-00002232-00002255 and
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00013-00002256-00002510 african nations china's relations with
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00014-00002511-00002655 these nations have reached a high
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00015-00002656-00002839 profile since the launch of the belton
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00016-00002840-00002950 road initiative
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00017-00002951-00003150 however actual relations between china
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00018-00003151-00003263 and global south nations are
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00019-00003264-00003406 far-reaching and intricate in their
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00020-00003407-00003519 historical
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00021-00003520-00003775 uh breath the bri is only a recent
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00022-00003776-00003903 development
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00023-00003904-00004127 with china's plethora of infrastructure
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00024-00004128-00004303 projects in the growing number of global
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00025-00004304-00004486 south nations and billions investment
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00026-00004487-00004615 flying around the world
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00027-00004616-00004791 we hope to delve deeply into the true
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00028-00004792-00005006 impact of chinese projects abroad
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00029-00005007-00005191 what is the situation like on the ground
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00030-00005192-00005391 with social economic environmental
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00031-00005392-00005518 factors considered
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00032-00005519-00005711 do china's projects provide tangible
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00033-00005712-00005854 economic promise to the receiving
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00034-00005855-00006022 country or the exploitative in the
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00035-00006023-00006175 nation in which they operate
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00036-00006176-00006375 in addition we hope to analyze the
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00037-00006376-00006575 diversity of strategies taken by various
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00038-00006576-00006663 nations
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00039-00006664-00006839 interacting with china and the vastly
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00040-00006840-00007055 different outcomes that result
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00041-00007056-00007239 so before i introduce our panelists i
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00042-00007240-00007406 want to explain how this discussion will
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00043-00007408-00007519 run so
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00044-00007520-00007678 purposes of encouraging as much
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00045-00007679-00007831 discussion as possible
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00046-00007831-00008014 after my introduction each panelist will
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00047-00008015-00008246 give an opening remarks of five or six
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00048-00008247-00008319 minutes
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00049-00008320-00008567 and then i'll post a general question to
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00050-00008568-00008742 get the ball rolling and
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00051-00008743-00008903 after that uh we will see what the
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00052-00008904-00009063 discussion takes us um
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00053-00009064-00009310 we want a lot of back and forth dialogue
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00054-00009311-00009495 and we hope this would be very
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00055-00009496-00009671 uh intellectually stimulating and
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00056-00009672-00009871 engaging um so i'm
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00057-00009872-00010159 joined today by uh two experts so we
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00058-00010160-00010342 have miss margaret myers who's the
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00059-00010343-00010542 director of the asia and latin american
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00060-00010543-00010623 program
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00061-00010624-00010895 at the inter american dialogue she
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00062-00010896-00011078 established the dialogues china and
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00063-00011079-00011414 latin america working group in 2011.
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00064-00011415-00011591 to examine china's growing presence in
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00065-00011592-00011831 the latin america and the caribbean
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00066-00011832-00012006 myers also developed the china latin
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00067-00012007-00012255 america finance database the only
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00068-00012256-00012446 publicly available source of empirical
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00069-00012447-00012631 data on chinese state landing latin
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00070-00012632-00012710 america
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00071-00012711-00012871 in cooperation with the global china
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00072-00012872-00013094 initiative at boston university's global
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00073-00013095-00013319 development policy center
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00074-00013319-00013575 next we have dr emmanuel matambo dr
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00075-00013576-00013679 emmanuel pintombo
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00076-00013680-00013871 is a visiting research fellow at the
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00077-00013872-00014103 center for africa china studies
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00078-00014104-00014311 the center is a joint initiative of the
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00079-00014312-00014527 university of johannesburg and nanjing
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00080-00014528-00014671 tech university
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00081-00014672-00014879 while at the university of kwazulu-natal
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00082-00014880-00015047 he published two dissertations about
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00083-00015047-00015247 china-african relations
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00084-00015247-00015438 with his dissertation for a master of
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00085-00015440-00015566 social science degree
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00086-00015568-00015783 based on the china south africa relation
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00087-00015784-00015894 while his doctor
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00088-00015895-00016094 doctorate dissertation was a
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00089-00016095-00016335 constructivist analysis of cyanozambian
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00090-00016336-00016615 relations so while he has published many
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00091-00016616-00016807 academic articles on a range of topics
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00092-00016808-00016919 like comfort
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00093-00016920-00017150 resolution contemporary terrorism
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00094-00017151-00017350 african agency his main interest
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00095-00017351-00017543 is on the growing china african
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00096-00017544-00017671 relationship so
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00097-00017672-00017839 i will let uh miss myers give her
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00098-00017840-00018263 remarks first followed by uh dr matumbo
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00099-00018264-00018543 thank you uh so much david and also for
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00100-00018544-00018639 the kind uh
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00101-00018640-00018943 invitation to join you all um
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00102-00018944-00019119 it sounds like just from what david said
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00103-00019120-00019286 the the folks here in the room have
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00104-00019287-00019471 some very fascinating backgrounds and a
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00105-00019472-00019622 lot of sort of related interests so i
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00106-00019623-00019743 look forward to
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00107-00019744-00019911 to hearing about your interests your
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00108-00019912-00020094 areas of focus and and and
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00109-00020095-00020294 having a really rich discussion um for
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00110-00020295-00020455 the remainder of the session
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00111-00020456-00020663 um it's also a distinct pleasure to be
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00112-00020664-00020822 joined by uh
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00113-00020823-00021143 by dr matambo um as well i look forward
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00114-00021144-00021199 to learning
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00115-00021200-00021550 learning from him too so um as
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00116-00021551-00021686 you know as david mentioned i've been at
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00117-00021687-00021911 the inter american dialogue now which is
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00118-00021912-00022078 a latin america affairs or actually
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00119-00022079-00022271 western hemisphere affairs
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00120-00022272-00022527 think tank in washington dc for about a
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00121-00022528-00022607 decade
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00122-00022608-00022935 um the think tank itself was you know
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00123-00022936-00023175 was developed back in the 1970s
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00124-00023176-00023478 to address the debt crisis in latin
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00125-00023479-00023622 america bringing together
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00126-00023623-00023799 key actors from across the region to
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00127-00023800-00023999 come up with solutions to
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00128-00024000-00024222 what at that time was a common issue and
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00129-00024223-00024430 a pretty existential one for many
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00130-00024431-00024535 countries
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00131-00024536-00024814 um and since then has become you know we
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00132-00024815-00024999 focus on what much wider range of
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00133-00025000-00025222 of topics we have five different program
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00134-00025223-00025439 areas and one of them is asia
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00135-00025440-00025743 and latin america and i would say you
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00136-00025744-00025806 know
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00137-00025807-00025958 i i direct the asia latin america
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00138-00025960-00026111 program i came to the dialogue to do
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00139-00026112-00026183 just that
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00140-00026183-00026414 um and i would say that although it's
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00141-00026416-00026614 asia and latin america the title of the
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00142-00026616-00026751 program
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00143-00026752-00027062 we focus probably about 80 percent of
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00144-00027063-00027102 our
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00145-00027104-00027455 our time looking at china uh just given
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00146-00027456-00027502 the
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00147-00027504-00027670 transformative nature of chinese
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00148-00027672-00027855 engagement with latin america and how
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00149-00027856-00028118 very much the relationship has evolved
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00150-00028119-00028255 over the past
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00151-00028256-00028518 you know 10 years two decades really but
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00152-00028519-00028687 really in the past 10 years we've seen
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00153-00028688-00028823 some quite remarkable
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00154-00028824-00029174 and dramatic evolutions um and another
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00155-00029175-00029231 you know
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00156-00029232-00029502 20 or so percent of time is of our time
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00157-00029504-00029583 and
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00158-00029583-00029758 attention is focused on on mostly on
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00159-00029760-00029887 japan japan's
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00160-00029888-00030055 sort of long-standing relationship with
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00161-00030056-00030183 the region which is also very
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00162-00030183-00030279 interesting
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00163-00030280-00030583 um and uh has become
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00164-00030583-00030774 of renewed interest of late in
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00165-00030775-00031007 washington dc for those who don't know
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00166-00031008-00031199 as you know the us government whether
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00167-00031200-00031335 under the trump administration or the
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00168-00031336-00031543 biden administration looks to
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00169-00031544-00031783 partner with like what are called you
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00170-00031783-00031967 know like-minded countries
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00171-00031968-00032199 uh with shared values to try to offer
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00172-00032200-00032318 alternatives
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00173-00032319-00032567 um in terms of investment in certain
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00174-00032568-00032687 strategic sectors
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00175-00032688-00032983 to to chinese investment um this is just
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00176-00032984-00033151 sort of the nature of policy at the
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00177-00033152-00033246 moment and so
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00178-00033247-00033495 certainly uh the u.s japan brazil
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00179-00033496-00033687 relationship u.s japan
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00180-00033688-00033951 uh other countries in latin america
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00181-00033952-00034102 triangular dynamics are
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00182-00034103-00034335 of heightened interest in washington at
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00183-00034336-00034511 the moment and so have been an area of
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00184-00034512-00034646 focus for us
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00185-00034647-00035031 as well um our program uh what we tend
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00186-00035032-00035223 to do with the dialogue um
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00187-00035224-00035431 and our areas of focus have actually
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00188-00035432-00035567 evolved over time just
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00189-00035568-00035790 given priorities at any given moment
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00190-00035791-00035983 whether in latin america and china or in
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00191-00035984-00036127 the united states but
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00192-00036128-00036311 what we've tended to do sort of since
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00193-00036312-00036551 the beginning is to divide our work into
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00194-00036552-00036607 three different
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00195-00036608-00036823 areas one is looking at the sort of
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00196-00036824-00036951 macro relationship
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00197-00036952-00037174 what's happening broadly speaking in
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00198-00037175-00037367 terms of capital flows
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00199-00037368-00037535 in terms of broad sort of economic
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00200-00037536-00037790 trends broad political trends
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00201-00037791-00037943 and as david mentioned we started
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00202-00037944-00038102 something called the china latin america
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00203-00038103-00038302 finance database
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00204-00038303-00038518 gosh i don't know maybe seven years ago
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00205-00038519-00038759 to start tracking chinese
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00206-00038760-00039030 sovereign loans so a very specific kind
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00207-00039031-00039087 of loan
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00208-00039088-00039351 right to to latin american country
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00209-00039352-00039559 governments and state-owned enterprises
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00210-00039560-00039623 um
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00211-00039624-00039807 and at the onset of this relationship so
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00212-00039808-00039943 much of what was happening in the
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00213-00039944-00040118 financial space was indeed sovereign
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00214-00040119-00040215 loans you know
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00215-00040216-00040359 china's big banks i don't know how
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00216-00040360-00040543 familiar you all are with the
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00217-00040544-00040911 sort of uh you know bank
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00218-00040912-00041135 financial landscape in in china but
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00219-00041136-00041287 there are two big banks china
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00220-00041288-00041527 development bank and export-import bank
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00221-00041528-00041695 that do a lot of the overseas lending or
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00222-00041696-00041862 at least half historically
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00223-00041863-00042087 um and continue to do so in support of
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00224-00042088-00042239 the dalton road initiative
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00225-00042240-00042495 and they gave you know lots of money to
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00226-00042496-00042671 a handful of countries in latin america
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00227-00042672-00042879 over time so what we did was to track
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00228-00042880-00043095 a lot of that in addition to that we try
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00229-00043096-00043271 and track other sources of finance
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00230-00043272-00043415 commercial banks for example you've
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00231-00043416-00043607 probably heard of icbc
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00232-00043608-00043902 bank of china which are you know present
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00233-00043903-00044087 here in the united states to some degree
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00234-00044088-00044255 but also but are you know especially
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00235-00044256-00044311 prominent
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00236-00044312-00044511 in certain countries in latin america
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00237-00044512-00044671 for example if anyone's been to
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00238-00044672-00044783 argentina of late
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00239-00044784-00045007 and you've headed down to the river to
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00240-00045008-00045118 puerto marrero
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00241-00045119-00045351 you've seen a huge icbc building that
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00242-00045352-00045455 does a lot of work
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00243-00045456-00045615 both in terms of retail banking and
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00244-00045616-00045799 giving money to companies of various
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00245-00045800-00045871 forms to
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00246-00045872-00046127 to do projects uh in argentina and
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00247-00046128-00046255 elsewhere
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00248-00046256-00046446 and in addition to that we track you
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00249-00046447-00046702 know uh developments in trade
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00250-00046703-00046918 bilateral trade you know uh regional
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00251-00046919-00047046 trade
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00252-00047047-00047407 um and uh and also
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00253-00047408-00047727 uh flows of foreign direct investment
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00254-00047728-00048046 be it acquisitions of existing assets or
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00255-00048047-00048246 greenfield investment meaning building
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00256-00048247-00048399 new things right
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00257-00048400-00048646 um in and across the latin american
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00258-00048647-00048727 region
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00259-00048728-00048999 where is this headed is it changing you
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00260-00049000-00049174 know what are the
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00261-00049175-00049343 sectors that china chinese companies are
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00262-00049344-00049543 prioritizing why are they prioritizing
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00263-00049544-00049718 them trying to get a sense of
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00264-00049719-00049990 of how all this works um and also
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00265-00049991-00050151 providing recommendations to latin
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00266-00050152-00050302 american governments to ensure best
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00267-00050303-00050446 outcomes right um
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00268-00050447-00050567 with respect to these various
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00269-00050568-00050783 investments and build capacity
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00270-00050784-00051174 um on the micro side uh we
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00271-00051175-00051390 have been trying to understand uh firm
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00272-00051391-00051654 level dynamics so what's happening
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00273-00051655-00051950 within chinese companies um as concerns
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00274-00051951-00052038 for example
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00275-00052039-00052279 views of corporate social responsibility
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00276-00052279-00052342 or
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00277-00052344-00052663 uh governance right um to
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00278-00052664-00052926 potentially affect outcomes on the
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00279-00052927-00053087 ground in latin america are
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00280-00053088-00053254 there is there a growing interest in
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00281-00053255-00053519 engaging with local communities
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00282-00053520-00054079 before or during project development
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00283-00054079-00054271 which companies are performing best in
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00284-00054272-00054438 the latin american region and which are
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00285-00054439-00054566 are still struggling
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00286-00054567-00054807 to meet certain standards how do
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00287-00054808-00054942 companies react to
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00288-00054944-00055271 to controversy these sorts of questions
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00289-00055272-00055430 are things that we have explored over
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00290-00055432-00055487 time
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00291-00055488-00055703 as part of the program we've also done a
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00292-00055704-00055903 recent paper if you're interested in
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00293-00055904-00056150 kind of in this world right in china
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00294-00056151-00056335 latin america or china's global
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00295-00056336-00056430 engagement
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00296-00056432-00056830 called going local um and it examines
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00297-00056832-00057030 the extent to which china is engaging at
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00298-00057032-00057215 various administrative levels in the
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00299-00057216-00057335 latin american region
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00300-00057336-00057526 we've seen a lot of bilateral engagement
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00301-00057527-00057647 really since the onset of the
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00302-00057648-00057879 relationship a couple of decades ago
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00303-00057879-00058071 and just as a point of comparison the
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00304-00058072-00058263 latin america relationship is about a
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00305-00058264-00058423 decade younger
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00306-00058424-00058623 this enhanced relationship right china's
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00307-00058624-00058799 been in latin america for many many many
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00308-00058800-00058879 decades
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00309-00058879-00059023 engaging in various ways but this
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00310-00059024-00059207 enhanced economic relationship really
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00311-00059208-00059399 started a couple of decades ago
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00312-00059400-00059799 about a decade before um and you know
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00313-00059800-00059975 dr matambo can correct me on this but
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00314-00059976-00060103 about a decade before
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00315-00060104-00060399 africa's enhanced relationship with uh
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00316-00060400-00060542 with with china
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00317-00060544-00060871 um but in any case we we explored
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00318-00060872-00061047 the extent to which you know bilateral
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00319-00061048-00061223 engagement continues to be an area of
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00320-00061224-00061319 focus
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00321-00061320-00061615 versus regional engagement through
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00322-00061616-00061791 various platforms that had already been
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00323-00061791-00061935 in existence or of
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00324-00061936-00062135 are of china's design like the china
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00325-00062136-00062359 selac forum for example which i'm happy
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00326-00062360-00062471 to talk about
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00327-00062472-00062694 but also a growing interest it's been
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00328-00062695-00062830 you know ongoing for a number of years
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00329-00062832-00063015 now but a growing interest certainly and
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00330-00063016-00063103 engaging at the
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00331-00063104-00063342 local level so with cities with
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00332-00063344-00063487 municipalities
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00333-00063488-00063791 with states or provinces uh
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00334-00063791-00063926 in order to advance a wide range of
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00335-00063927-00064206 objectives economic right commercial
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00336-00064207-00064454 um or political in some in some
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00337-00064455-00064630 instances as well uh
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00338-00064632-00064799 and more broadly speaking sort of just
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00339-00064800-00064982 shaping views of china
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00340-00064983-00065191 uh across the region through a wide
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00341-00065191-00065350 range of mechanisms and
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00342-00065351-00065606 through wide-ranging actors you know
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00343-00065607-00065694 some of them
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00344-00065695-00066031 you know official diplomatic actors you
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00345-00066032-00066055 know
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00346-00066056-00066303 embassies for example others coming from
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00347-00066304-00066511 various ministries in china other sort
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00348-00066512-00066735 of quasi-diplomatic actors
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00349-00066736-00067094 um such as uh the cpa ffc which is
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00350-00067095-00067287 responsible for sister cities
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00351-00067288-00067423 relationships
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00352-00067424-00067806 um and uh and others right um
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00353-00067807-00067935 all sorts of other networks that are
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00354-00067936-00068094 being developed right now and that's a
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00355-00068095-00068263 big part of course of the belton road as
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00356-00068264-00068319 well
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00357-00068320-00068494 the belton road has sort of five
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00358-00068495-00068694 different areas that it focuses on
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00359-00068695-00068838 you know in terms of promoting
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00360-00068839-00068991 connectivity and one of those is
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00361-00068992-00069167 people-to-people engagement right so
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00362-00069168-00069263 that's certainly
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00363-00069264-00069519 a big part of that and then a third area
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00364-00069520-00069663 that we look at as part of the program
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00365-00069664-00069943 is this u.s china latin america
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00366-00069944-00070231 triangular dynamic right which is a
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00367-00070232-00070382 complex one
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00368-00070383-00070655 um has you know the tensions in this
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00369-00070656-00070831 relationship have really intensified
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00370-00070832-00070999 quite considerably over the past
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00371-00071000-00071311 i'd say four years um which probably
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00372-00071312-00071543 comes as a surprise to no one you know
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00373-00071544-00071606 get
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00374-00071607-00071879 seeing any headlines of late um with
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00375-00071880-00071935 real
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00376-00071936-00072199 you know concerns on all sides um about
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00377-00072200-00072406 how where this is headed
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00378-00072407-00072750 and what can be done miss fire
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00379-00072751-00072959 sorry in the interest of uh discussions
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00380-00072960-00073135 by all means that i'll stop right there
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00381-00073136-00073894 go ahead let me move on the race remarks
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00382-00073895-00074655 dr matama the floor is yours
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00383-00074656-00074894 i i imagine we're in different time
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00384-00074895-00075023 zones it's uh
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00385-00075024-00075231 it's it's quarter to eight in the
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00386-00075232-00075367 evening here in south africa
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00387-00075368-00075447 johannesburg
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00388-00075448-00075735 so good evening good afternoon wherever
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00389-00075736-00075806 you are
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00390-00075807-00075982 uh david thank you very much and uh
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00391-00075983-00076167 thank you to your institution as well
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00392-00076168-00076367 for your kind invitation um
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00393-00076368-00076535 and thanks to everyone else who is
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00394-00076536-00076750 participating in this meeting
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00395-00076751-00076950 well and uh i'm really honored to share
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00396-00076951-00077143 this platform with uh with margaret
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00397-00077144-00077279 myers as well um
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00398-00077280-00077615 not matter of what of what she she does
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00399-00077616-00077815 and then most of what i'm going to say
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00400-00077816-00077991 here could actually apply
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00401-00077992-00078150 to what she was saying was if we look at
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00402-00078151-00078359 africa in the developing world then we
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00403-00078360-00078455 would see that there are some
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00404-00078456-00078559 intersections
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00405-00078560-00078759 between what has been happening between
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00406-00078760-00078919 china africa relations
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00407-00078920-00079079 and and then what has been happening
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00408-00079080-00079255 between china's relationship
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00409-00079256-00079591 with um with latin america now
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00410-00079592-00079887 if you if you would indulge me i'll
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00411-00079888-00080103 start by creating a context of
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00412-00080104-00080294 china's relationship with africa and
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00413-00080295-00080455 then cascade it down
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00414-00080456-00080638 to china's relationship with my native
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00415-00080639-00080823 country of the republic of zambia
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00416-00080824-00080935 visit if you have a chance it's a
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00417-00080936-00081167 beautiful country um so i will
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00418-00081168-00081375 go in that outgoing that i'll proceed in
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00419-00081376-00081503 that fashion now
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00420-00081504-00081806 what informs this uh
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00421-00081807-00082006 stimulated relationship between china
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00422-00082007-00082150 and africa because
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00423-00082151-00082399 this is a relationship that has goes
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00424-00082400-00082543 back centuries over
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00425-00082544-00082855 centuries even when hai was a
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00426-00082856-00083094 chinese expeditionary a young muslim
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00427-00083095-00083238 actually supposedly
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00428-00083239-00083526 went to the east coast of africa with
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00429-00083527-00083750 some some porcelain have been found
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00430-00083751-00083926 in africa centuries old porcelain and
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00431-00083927-00084126 then he was gifted with a giraffe
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00432-00084127-00084367 to go back to china but then the
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00433-00084368-00084511 establishment of former relations
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00434-00084512-00084655 between china and africa happened in
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00435-00084656-00084799 1956
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00436-00084800-00084967 with egypt being the first country to
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00437-00084968-00085118 establish foreign relations with china
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00438-00085119-00085206 and this was
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00439-00085207-00085567 a year after the 1955 bandung conference
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00440-00085568-00085735 or the afro-asian conference
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00441-00085736-00085999 through which uh the developing world
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00442-00086000-00086055 sought
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00443-00086056-00086326 to to establish some synergy and then
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00444-00086327-00086543 some independence against the soviet
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00445-00086544-00086671 union and the united
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00446-00086672-00086903 states in their pursuit for global
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00447-00086904-00087038 dominance and then
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00448-00087039-00087382 the uh uh after after that of course
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00449-00087383-00087638 the mainland china itself had to make
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00450-00087639-00087694 sure that
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00451-00087695-00088015 it embarked on a diplomatic offensive uh
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00452-00088016-00088279 so that it could rest its uh its
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00453-00088280-00088503 recognition at an international level
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00454-00088504-00088687 from from the republic of china which is
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00455-00088688-00088838 taiwan it was taiwan
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00456-00088839-00088991 and chiang kai-shek and the nationalist
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00457-00088992-00089159 government had fled to taiwan after the
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00458-00089160-00089247 end of the
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00459-00089248-00089567 chinese civil war in 1949 and um the
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00460-00089568-00089815 the biggest coup that china had mainland
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00461-00089816-00090062 china that it was in 1971 when
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00462-00090063-00090367 35 african countries i think it was 22
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00463-00090368-00090494 african countries but i think they
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00464-00090495-00090750 formed something close to 36 percent of
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00465-00090751-00090926 the membership of the united nations
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00466-00090927-00091159 voted in favor of china being the
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00467-00091160-00091271 recognized
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00468-00091272-00091479 uh representative of the chinese people
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00469-00091480-00091655 and thus occupying the united nations
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00470-00091656-00091799 security council seat
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00471-00091800-00092103 the culmination of all that came in 2000
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00472-00092104-00092399 in the year 2000 when china was growing
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00473-00092400-00092447 uh
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00474-00092448-00092655 in in its economic profile and it
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00475-00092656-00092871 established the forum on china africa
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00476-00092872-00092982 corporation
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00477-00092983-00093215 popularly known as 4k and david made
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00478-00093216-00093311 mention of course
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00479-00093312-00093543 of the belt and road initiative we
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00480-00093544-00093631 initially
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00481-00093632-00093838 initially called the one built one road
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00482-00093839-00093999 initiative which was established
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00483-00094000-00094311 in 2013. so that is how
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00484-00094312-00094479 this relationship has grown and between
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00485-00094480-00094718 2003 to 2019
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00486-00094719-00094999 which is a space of about 16 years
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00487-00095000-00095215 china's investment overseas foreign
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00488-00095216-00095350 direct investment in
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00489-00095351-00095694 africa grew from only 75 million to 2.7
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00490-00095695-00095879 million but then direct floors
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00491-00095880-00096182 increased up to 5.5 billion
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00492-00096183-00096359 and that was because of the bank that
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00493-00096360-00096559 margaret mentioned the icbc the
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00494-00096560-00096647 industrial
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00495-00096648-00096991 commercial bank of china buying about 20
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00496-00096992-00097206 of the stake in the standard bank of of
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00497-00097207-00097326 south africa which
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00498-00097327-00097567 is one of the biggest banks not only in
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00499-00097568-00097718 africa but in the world
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00500-00097719-00097974 so that is what has been happening now
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00501-00097975-00098094 coming to zambia
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00502-00098095-00098335 you have to look at the history as well
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00503-00098336-00098526 of 10 african relations and then
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00504-00098527-00098743 in zambia's respect that it is a
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00505-00098744-00098887 relationship that was steeped in
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00506-00098888-00099038 ideology because china
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00507-00099039-00099247 was a pivotal in helping in terms of
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00508-00099248-00099374 material production
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00509-00099375-00099662 and also propaganda and helping zambia
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00510-00099663-00099782 to make sure that uh
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00511-00099783-00100023 it it helped in the struggle against
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00512-00100024-00100231 colonial settler and apartheid crew in
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00513-00100232-00100343 southern africa
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00514-00100344-00100718 and then in 1917 1967 to 1975 china
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00515-00100719-00100950 contributed to us building the tanzania
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00516-00100951-00101079 zambia rail line
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00517-00101080-00101367 famously known as the tazera rail line
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00518-00101368-00101526 and then china as a poor country at that
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00519-00101527-00101694 now that this is very important
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00520-00101695-00101823 china is a poor country and that
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00521-00101824-00102031 contributed 500 million
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00522-00102032-00102374 now to put this in context in 1978
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00523-00102375-00102663 china's per capita gdp was 156 dollars
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00524-00102664-00102806 and what people will not guess
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00525-00102807-00102999 is that the per capita gdp of
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00526-00103000-00103175 sub-saharan africa at that moment
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00527-00103176-00103351 was three times better than that of
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00528-00103352-00103534 china at 490
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00529-00103535-00103647 but still this is a country that
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00530-00103648-00103830 contributed towards africa's struggle
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00531-00103831-00103982 against colonialism so that
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00532-00103983-00104223 created this semblance of of
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00533-00104224-00104366 formidability between zambia's
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00534-00104367-00104534 relationship with china because zambia
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00535-00104535-00104854 was very vocal in in promoting uh
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00536-00104855-00105086 decolonization in southern africa and
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00537-00105088-00105263 president kahunda the first president of
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00538-00105264-00105495 zambia described this relationship as
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00539-00105496-00105647 a relationship between all weather
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00540-00105648-00105871 friends now increasingly this
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00541-00105872-00106071 relationship has become lopsided why
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00542-00106072-00106183 because china's
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00543-00106183-00106439 economic progress has been sustained
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00544-00106440-00106486 over
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00545-00106488-00106766 40 years but china's uh but zambia's
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00546-00106767-00106943 economic progress has been faithful and
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00547-00106944-00107190 it has been declining since 2011.
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00548-00107191-00107423 and you found the situation now where 30
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00549-00107424-00107583 percent of zambia's external date we
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00550-00107583-00107695 have an external date
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00551-00107696-00107871 official statistics say on our external
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00552-00107872-00108002 date is 11
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00553-00108003-00108295 11.7 billion and uh three billion of
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00554-00108296-00108399 that which is about
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00555-00108400-00108623 um more than thirty percent let me just
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00556-00108624-00108783 say more than sixty percent of this ex
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00557-00108783-00108990 sometimes this nowadays all to china and
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00558-00108991-00109110 we have seen a situation where
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00559-00109111-00109343 the zambian government is all too eager
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00560-00109344-00109502 to please the chinese government and
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00561-00109503-00109710 of course the the investment has come in
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00562-00109711-00109910 form of a road infrastructure airport
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00563-00109911-00109990 building
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00564-00109991-00110223 and foreign direct investment as well
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00565-00110224-00110358 and that has had
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00566-00110359-00110583 an impact on zambia's sovereignty
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00567-00110583-00110727 zombies democracy because everything
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00568-00110728-00110807 that is against
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00569-00110808-00111078 china uh is frowned upon by the zambian
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00570-00111079-00111143 government
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00571-00111144-00111351 and i'll be i'll be happy to talk about
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00572-00111352-00111551 the what the the aspects of
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00573-00111552-00111727 what democracy entails in the country
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00574-00111728-00111943 zambia not only voting not only media
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00575-00111944-00112078 independence and not only much party
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00576-00112079-00112143 democracy
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00577-00112144-00112423 and now china has impacted your novels i
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00578-00112424-00112463 hope
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00579-00112464-00112647 i have reached my five minutes limit
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00580-00112648-00113039 thank you
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00581-00113040-00113390 thank you both for your remarks um so
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00582-00113391-00113695 just as questioning uh you can question
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00583-00113696-00113734 then
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00584-00113735-00113934 um whatever comes to your interest i
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00585-00113935-00114054 know we have some uh
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00586-00114055-00114278 tlip international delegates here so if
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00587-00114279-00114534 they have any specific questions
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00588-00114535-00114815 to either uh miss myers or dr matambo uh
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00589-00114816-00115023 we encourage the dialogue
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00590-00115024-00115358 so i can jump into my first question so
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00591-00115359-00115678 uh this is a question that comes out um
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00592-00115679-00115878 it's more specific to ms meyers but i
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00593-00115879-00116054 think that it applies to
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00594-00116055-00116447 dr matambo's case as well so in her book
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00595-00116448-00116663 dragonomics how latin america is
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00596-00116664-00116758 maximizing
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00597-00116759-00116919 or missing out china's international
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00598-00116920-00117071 development strategy
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00599-00117072-00117390 by uh usc uh professor carol wise
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00600-00117391-00117566 she claims that china's involvement in
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00601-00117567-00117727 latin america complements
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00602-00117728-00117886 rather than threatens the presence of
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00603-00117888-00118110 the united states as china fills
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00604-00118111-00118319 critical infrastructure gaps for its own
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00605-00118320-00118486 interests rather than taking on
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00606-00118488-00118710 usual western positions in aiding
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00607-00118711-00118823 emerging
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00608-00118824-00119207 economies so this could also um
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00609-00119208-00119366 this question could go out to both of
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00610-00119367-00119599 you uh do you agree with her assertion
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00611-00119600-00119831 and uh what implications positive or
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00612-00119832-00119951 negative does this have for
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00613-00119952-00120143 nations of the region as well as their
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00614-00120144-00120454 agents
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00615-00120455-00120775 um i'm happy to take an initial stab at
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00616-00120776-00120823 that
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00617-00120824-00121095 i mean i mean i think the first point is
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00618-00121096-00121199 one that you alluded to
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00619-00121200-00121383 is that china has a very different view
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00620-00121383-00121623 of and definition of of
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00621-00121624-00121790 overseas development assistance right
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00622-00121791-00122039 and it comes in in different forms but
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00623-00122040-00122214 is also largely based on infrastructure
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00624-00122215-00122343 driven growth
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00625-00122344-00122566 right and so we see that playing out
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00626-00122567-00122686 across the world
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00627-00122688-00122854 right including in the latin american
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00628-00122855-00123078 and caribbean region in considerable
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00629-00123079-00123471 fashion and indeed the chinese companies
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00630-00123472-00123695 you know have been exceedingly active in
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00631-00123696-00123863 the development especially of transport
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00632-00123864-00124031 infrastructure with a major focus
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00633-00124032-00124151 especially in latin america and the
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00634-00124152-00124223 caribbean on
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00635-00124224-00124543 ports but also road and rail electricity
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00636-00124544-00124710 transmission you know energy
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00637-00124711-00124878 infrastructure things of this nature
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00638-00124879-00125110 um where you know there are other
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00639-00125111-00125254 companies involved
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00640-00125255-00125486 uh including u.s companies right but not
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00641-00125488-00125575 nearly to the
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00642-00125576-00125783 same extent and often they don't have
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00643-00125783-00125983 access to the same sources of
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00644-00125983-00126302 the extent of finance right especially
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00645-00126303-00126486 low interest finance that chinese
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00646-00126488-00126623 companies have so chinese companies
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00647-00126624-00126823 broadly speaking are in a
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00648-00126824-00127063 better position often to engage and have
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00649-00127064-00127166 more indeed
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00650-00127167-00127334 interest in engaging including in
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00651-00127335-00127510 countries that are perceived to have a
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00652-00127511-00127654 sort of more risky
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00653-00127655-00127958 politically or economically profile
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00654-00127959-00128354 um and so yes i mean there is a sort of
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00655-00128355-00128558 complementarity there wherein you know
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00656-00128559-00128766 china is engaging in areas where the us
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00657-00128767-00129039 is not that said i think we have to
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00658-00129040-00129207 break it down by sector
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00659-00129208-00129463 right so in infrastructure yes there's
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00660-00129464-00129647 quite a bit of complementarity
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00661-00129648-00129814 but there's quite a bit of competition
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00662-00129815-00130007 in other sectors and tech is one of
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00663-00130008-00130078 those
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00664-00130079-00130263 right um tech is one of those and it's
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00665-00130264-00130423 going to be increasingly an area where
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00666-00130424-00130558 there's a lot of competition
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00667-00130559-00130783 if we're talking about 5g infrastructure
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00668-00130783-00130951 you know small cell technology things
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00669-00130952-00131039 like that
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00670-00131040-00131302 the us doesn't really have a is it a
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00671-00131303-00131447 horse in the race or a dog in the fight
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00672-00131448-00131502 i have no
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00673-00131503-00131647 these idioms i can never get them right
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00674-00131648-00131807 but in any case they we don't
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00675-00131808-00131966 have a supplier right the us does not
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00676-00131967-00132111 have a supplier of these things
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00677-00132112-00132351 but many other company countries do or
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00678-00132352-00132447 fi four other
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00679-00132448-00132775 right or four other uh while i guess
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00680-00132776-00132919 it's three other other than china
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00681-00132920-00133087 because huawei has two major providers
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00682-00133088-00133159 zte
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00683-00133160-00133383 and or china has two major providers zte
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00684-00133384-00133487 and huawei
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00685-00133488-00133671 but in any case whether we're talking
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00686-00133672-00133902 about telecoms 5g
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00687-00133903-00134271 smart cities cloud computing
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00688-00134272-00134511 surveillance tech a wide range of other
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00689-00134512-00134623 areas there is a lot
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00690-00134624-00134790 in fact a lot of competition not just
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00691-00134791-00134935 with the us companies but with
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00692-00134936-00135414 european ones japanese and korean ones
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00693-00135415-00135575 so i think it's really critical i agree
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00694-00135576-00135814 with carol wise absolutely and she's a
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00695-00135815-00135902 good friend
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00696-00135903-00136039 but i do also think it's really
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00697-00136040-00136223 absolutely critical to break it down by
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00698-00136224-00136399 sector because indeed there is growing
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00699-00136400-00136551 competition in certain areas ag
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00700-00136552-00136678 is another one where competition is
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00701-00136679-00136959 really quite extensive
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00702-00136960-00137159 all right uh thank you margaret uh if i
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00703-00137160-00137359 could just add to that as well
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00704-00137360-00137671 um as margaret has rightly put it there
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00705-00137672-00137783 are some areas of
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00706-00137784-00137999 complementarity and intersections but if
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00707-00138000-00138190 you look at infrastructure for example
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00708-00138191-00138351 president george bush came up with a
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00709-00138352-00138495 millennium challenge which was
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00710-00138496-00138702 very pivotal in improving africa's
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00711-00138703-00138919 infrastructure and china has looked at
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00712-00138920-00139127 in in countries in in countries like
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00713-00139128-00139343 zambia china has looked at sectors where
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00714-00139344-00139551 for example the the millennium challenge
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00715-00139552-00139711 challenge could not could not cater
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00716-00139712-00139943 these are areas such as the provision
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00717-00139944-00140102 the provision of a good
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00718-00140103-00140231 transport infrastructure because the
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00719-00140232-00140423 millennium challenge in the in zambia's
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00720-00140424-00140495 respect
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00721-00140496-00140814 was mainly towards a sanitation and
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00722-00140815-00141071 coming up with a with an effective uh
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00723-00141072-00141127 sewer
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00724-00141128-00141471 network now let us come back to
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00725-00141472-00141647 to other sectors as well and then
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00726-00141648-00141807 another aspect of
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00727-00141808-00142063 china's relationship with africa and uh
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00728-00142064-00142223 against the west now
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00729-00142224-00142439 the fundamental difference is in on a
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00730-00142440-00142639 matter of engagement and the form of
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00731-00142640-00142766 engagement
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00732-00142767-00143047 when we look at what is happening in
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00733-00143048-00143207 terms of material terms
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00734-00143208-00143399 economics infrastructure yes you could
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00735-00143400-00143551 see some intersections but
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00736-00143552-00143743 the fundamental difference comes in when
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00737-00143744-00143975 you want to look at the values and the
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00738-00143976-00144175 principles of the engagement
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00739-00144176-00144414 now you have a china that seeks nothing
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00740-00144415-00144535 but order
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00741-00144536-00144726 and you have the united states that
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00742-00144727-00144926 seeks nothing but freedom and liberty in
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00743-00144927-00145047 terms of their values
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00744-00145048-00145263 so that is where the difference comes in
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00745-00145264-00145439 there are countries where china will go
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00746-00145440-00145526 to and say
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00747-00145527-00145678 we're not going to disrupt everything
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00748-00145679-00145887 that happens because we are very touchy
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00749-00145888-00146054 about you actually disrupting our
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00750-00146055-00146143 internal affairs
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00751-00146144-00146390 so that is what happens so china has
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00752-00146391-00146575 more of a cultural
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00753-00146576-00146814 relativistic way of engaging with africa
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00754-00146815-00146935 and the developing world
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00755-00146936-00147231 the united states has an absolutist way
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00756-00147232-00147335 of engaging with
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00757-00147336-00147559 africa and the latin america thinking as
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00758-00147560-00147678 though there are certain universal
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00759-00147679-00147854 values to which we all should adhere
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00760-00147855-00147990 and that is where the difference comes
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00761-00147991-00148159 in but then when you look at things like
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00762-00148160-00148426 engagement in terms of oil in terms of
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00763-00148427-00148647 economic development in terms of
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00764-00148648-00148775 infrastructure cooperation
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00765-00148776-00148919 china is really doing nothing
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00766-00148920-00149071 fundamentally different from what the
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00767-00149072-00149239 west has been doing
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00768-00149240-00149726 thank you
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00769-00149727-00150023 thank you does the audience have any
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00770-00150024-00150135 questions
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00771-00150136-00150319 uh please raise your hands and i can
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00772-00150320-00151399 call you
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00773-00151400-00151559 perfectly happy to talk about also
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00774-00151560-00151719 bilateral relationships that there's a
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00775-00151720-00152023 specific country of interest
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00776-00152024-00152151 david i had a quick question if you
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00777-00152152-00152359 don't mind me jumping in oh i call in
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00778-00152360-00152526 jason you can go next alex
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00779-00152527-00152926 okay great
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00780-00152927-00153239 thanks um yeah so thank you so much
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00781-00153240-00153471 uh for both of you for coming here and
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00782-00153472-00153607 just uh
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00783-00153608-00153926 joining this discussion with subs so uh
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00784-00153927-00154751 professor uh
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00785-00154752-00154959 yeah so you were mentioning how like you
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00786-00154960-00155126 know fundamentally like
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00787-00155127-00155414 uh with the projects uh especially i
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00788-00155415-00155551 guess with like sectors like
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00789-00155552-00155631 infrastructure
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00790-00155632-00155775 like the us and china they're
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00791-00155776-00155990 essentially doing the same thing but
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00792-00155991-00156214 you know the values are different they
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00793-00156215-00156366 the us is more
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00794-00156367-00156678 you know like you know valuing freedom
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00795-00156679-00156751 and like
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00796-00156752-00156935 like making that like pretty absolute
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00797-00156936-00157159 and just based on my understanding
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00798-00157160-00157383 like a lot of like for example
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00799-00157384-00157614 investments and loans from the us and
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00800-00157615-00157783 western countries they have like the
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00801-00157784-00157983 standard like maybe like
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00802-00157984-00158302 on human rights or like political system
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00803-00158303-00158502 that like requires a country
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00804-00158503-00158695 to like reach a certain standard in
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00805-00158696-00158902 order to receive the loan but the
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00806-00158903-00159126 the chinese investments are much more
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00807-00159127-00159254 relaxed about that
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00808-00159255-00159535 um just based on your uh understanding
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00809-00159536-00159751 of like the current state of africa
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00810-00159752-00160007 like do most countries like fit the
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00811-00160008-00160078 standard of
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00812-00160079-00160390 u.s investments or do they not and if
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00813-00160391-00160478 they
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00814-00160479-00160790 if if like they do not fit the case
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00815-00160791-00161031 like if they do not fit the standard for
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00816-00161032-00161190 u.s investments and
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00817-00161191-00161399 they could then technically they could
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00818-00161400-00161511 only receive
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00819-00161512-00161766 uh chinese investments then are they
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00820-00161767-00161814 like
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00821-00161815-00162143 you know like happily receiving chinese
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00822-00162144-00162359 investment because they need to develop
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00823-00162360-00162502 or it's like
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00824-00162503-00162775 no we we we really want the u.s
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00825-00162776-00162895 investment but
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00826-00162896-00163247 we just like cannot like ensure like
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00827-00163248-00163575 like our political system to be like uh
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00828-00163576-00163814 democratic enough or like human rights
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00829-00163815-00163999 standards to be high enough to receive
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00830-00164000-00164278 that and unfortunately we we have to
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00831-00164279-00164326 take
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00832-00164327-00164535 the chinese money like like if the
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00833-00164536-00164687 countries they could choose and
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00834-00164688-00164902 then based on my understanding then they
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00835-00164903-00165047 preferred the western
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00836-00165048-00165287 investments more than china is that the
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00837-00165288-00165599 case
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00838-00165600-00165735 david do you want me to answer right
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00839-00165736-00165935 away
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00840-00165936-00166231 yes all right thank you very much uh
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00841-00166232-00166295 jason
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00842-00166296-00166559 that was a deep deep question for me to
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00843-00166560-00166671 answer it fully
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00844-00166672-00166966 i probably need to write a book um
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00845-00166967-00167078 margaret talked about
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00846-00167079-00167390 bilateral relations and now i i alluded
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00847-00167391-00167543 to that now because what you talked
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00848-00167544-00167678 about cannot be
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00849-00167679-00167935 uh generalized in the aspect of africa
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00850-00167936-00168031 so
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00851-00168032-00168183 let's speak in general terms though i'll
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00852-00168184-00168375 start by speaking in the general terms
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00853-00168376-00168759 they since 2011 uh when when libya was
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00854-00168760-00168878 invaded up to now
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00855-00168879-00169151 there has been a loss in democratic
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00856-00169152-00169326 dividend in africa because
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00857-00169327-00169566 the african union has been very unhappy
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00858-00169567-00169631 with uh
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00859-00169632-00169854 how libya has ended up and the the
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00860-00169855-00170014 crisis just happening in the
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00861-00170015-00170214 in the sahel region so because of that
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00862-00170215-00170407 we have found ourselves drifting even
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00863-00170408-00170454 more
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00864-00170455-00170719 into china's orbit now when you talk
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00865-00170720-00170790 about
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00866-00170791-00171102 do we happily receive aid or investment
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00867-00171103-00171190 from china
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00868-00171191-00171343 now that has to be on a country by
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00869-00171344-00171454 country basis and i'll give you two
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00870-00171455-00171559 examples
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00871-00171560-00171719 uh i'll give you the example of
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00872-00171720-00171838 countries that are actually neighboring
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00873-00171839-00171902 countries
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00874-00171903-00172143 zimbabwe and botswana now if you look at
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00875-00172144-00172214 the
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00876-00172215-00172463 the aspect the aspect of zimbabwe
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00877-00172464-00172543 zimbabwe
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00878-00172544-00172735 was forced into going to china out of
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00879-00172736-00172983 necessity because of this disastrous uh
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00880-00172984-00173207 intervention in the in the congolese war
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00881-00173208-00173311 and then the
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00882-00173312-00173526 the ruinous laundry distribution program
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00883-00173527-00173726 which actually incurred
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00884-00173727-00174014 a lot of sanctions on zimbabwe so
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00885-00174015-00174214 because of those sanctions zimbabwe was
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00886-00174215-00174399 forced to go into china not because it
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00887-00174400-00174471 chose
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00888-00174472-00174607 but because it was forced out of
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00889-00174608-00174863 necessity uh prime minister tony
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00890-00174864-00175207 blair uh he he
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00891-00175208-00175551 kind of went against his own word about
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00892-00175552-00175902 how the people who were uh the british
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00893-00175903-00176038 occupants of zimbabwe are going to be
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00894-00176039-00176190 compensated so when he backtracked on
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00895-00176191-00176254 his world
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00896-00176255-00176502 mugabe decided to seize the land from
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00897-00176503-00176719 british uh descendants and that is
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00898-00176720-00177038 uh why zimbabwe came under strange
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00899-00177039-00177183 sanctions from the united states from
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00900-00177184-00177326 the world bank and from the west in
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00901-00177327-00177375 general
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00902-00177376-00177551 and then it went to china you have
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00903-00177552-00177711 another country
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00904-00177712-00177847 let us look at this zimbabwe is an
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00905-00177848-00178014 authoritarian country and then you have
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00906-00178015-00178119 another country
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00907-00178120-00178359 right next to zimbabwe which is botswana
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00908-00178360-00178543 which is by african standards
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00909-00178544-00178766 uh it's a bad thing to say by african
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00910-00178767-00178871 standards but
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00911-00178872-00178983 unfortunately we have to say that
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00912-00178984-00179214 because the democratic dividend in
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00913-00179215-00179359 africa has been on a decline
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00914-00179360-00179551 but by african standards zimbabwe
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00915-00179552-00179678 botswana could be described
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00916-00179679-00180054 as a stable democracy now botswana
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00917-00180055-00180359 has has because of the 45 nature of its
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00918-00180360-00180566 democratic institutions it is in a
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00919-00180567-00180783 position to actually choose wherever it
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00920-00180784-00180887 wants to
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00921-00180888-00181190 to to to have close ties with and it has
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00922-00181191-00181407 chosen both sides china and the united
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00923-00181408-00181526 states but botswana has been more
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00924-00181527-00181623 assertive there's and
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00925-00181624-00181790 there's been a lot of agency from
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00926-00181791-00181990 botswana that is why even when countries
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00927-00181991-00182190 bigger economies than like south africa
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00928-00182191-00182335 for example backers
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00929-00182336-00182495 under chinese pressure by refusing to
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00930-00182496-00182711 give the visa to the dalai lama for
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00931-00182712-00182766 example
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00932-00182767-00182926 botswana agreed to give the visa to the
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00933-00182927-00183102 dalai lama he ended up not coming
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00934-00183103-00183183 because of
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00935-00183184-00183383 exhaustion so countries that are more
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00936-00183384-00183519 democratic
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00937-00183520-00183751 but authentically democratic are more
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00938-00183752-00183926 inclined to assert independence in
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00939-00183927-00184078 choosing who to go for whether
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00940-00184079-00184263 west or china but countries that are
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00941-00184264-00184399 more authoritarian like
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00942-00184400-00184647 zimbabwe zambia is increasingly becoming
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00943-00184648-00184871 so those are out of necessity
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00944-00184872-00185095 being forced to have stronger economic
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00945-00185096-00185190 ties and
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00946-00185191-00185438 with the people's republic of china i
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00947-00185439-00185911 hope i've answered it exhaustively jason
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00948-00185912-00186190 that was a really great answer thank you
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00949-00186191-00186431 thank you very much
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00950-00186432-00186766 alex yeah great thank you so this
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00951-00186767-00186902 question first of all thank you to both
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00952-00186903-00186950 of our
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00953-00186951-00187150 speakers for coming and discussing um
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00954-00187151-00187254 with us today
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00955-00187255-00187423 um so going back to something that mr
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00956-00187424-00187566 mutumbo said how
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00957-00187567-00187759 china has more of a cultural way with
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00958-00187760-00187926 engaging with africa
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00959-00187927-00188150 versus the u.s and a lot of the western
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00960-00188151-00188319 europe maybe is more of an absolutist
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00961-00188320-00188366 way
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00962-00188367-00188535 i was wondering if both miss meyers and
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00963-00188536-00188711 mr matsumbo could comment on what
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00964-00188712-00188895 the west could potentially have to learn
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00965-00188896-00189047 from china's engagement
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00966-00189048-00189247 in in the developing world in the global
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00967-00189248-00189431 south um and what the future could look
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00968-00189432-00189559 like if the west
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00969-00189560-00189759 chooses to adopt something closer to the
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00970-00189760-00189926 chinese model as china continues to
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00971-00189927-00190438 invest more and more in these regions
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00972-00190439-00190750 margaret yeah i think
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00973-00190751-00190871 it's a really great question i mean it's
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00974-00190872-00190999 a really great question it's really
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00975-00191000-00191223 important question and i think actually
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00976-00191224-00191583 you know observing the popularity at
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00977-00191584-00191631 least
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00978-00191632-00191871 you know in the past gosh i don't know
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00979-00191872-00192054 at the height of chinese lending for
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00980-00192055-00192190 example to
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00981-00192191-00192366 to latin america which you know was in
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00982-00192367-00192614 2010 when we saw 35 billion being given
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00983-00192615-00192790 by cdb and exim bank to
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00984-00192791-00193047 venezuela and brazil and you know a
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00985-00193048-00193199 couple other countries
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00986-00193200-00193390 um i think there was a lot of sort of
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00987-00193391-00193575 critical thinking in washington not just
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00988-00193576-00193647 among u.s
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00989-00193648-00193807 officials probably less among u.s
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00990-00193808-00193959 officials than among
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00991-00193960-00194199 um than among the multilateral
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00992-00194200-00194383 development banks that are situated in
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00993-00194384-00194487 washington the inter-american
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00994-00194488-00194623 development bank for example in the
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00995-00194624-00194759 world bank who
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00996-00194760-00195095 you know which have very strict uh
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00997-00195096-00195423 esg standards right uh which they apply
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00998-00195424-00195735 when when giving uh loans and which you
+hbM3KwHRBy0-00999-00195736-00195919 know slow down processes quite
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01000-00195920-00196102 considerably and make it difficult for
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01001-00196103-00196223 them to
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01002-00196224-00196478 to compete effectively right for certain
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01003-00196479-00196623 projects if they're going ahead to head
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01004-00196624-00196719 to china
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01005-00196720-00196895 with china in certain cases right and
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01006-00196896-00197071 also to get things
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01007-00197072-00197295 just approved at all and so there was a
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01008-00197296-00197495 real sort of reckoning with this
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01009-00197496-00197687 as i understand it right at the time at
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01010-00197688-00197823 the inter-american development bank in
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01011-00197824-00197926 particular
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01012-00197927-00198263 should we downgrade somewhat rate some
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01013-00198264-00198311 of these
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01014-00198312-00198599 standards in order to be able to engage
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01015-00198600-00198775 more extensively with latin american
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01016-00198776-00198950 countries and to avoid
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01017-00198951-00199190 losing some of this business we want to
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01018-00199191-00199366 call it that right
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01019-00199367-00199695 to china um or to avoid you know
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01020-00199696-00199902 what they perceived at the time as as
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01021-00199903-00200071 you know uh
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01022-00200072-00200295 the ability the ability to sort of
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01023-00200296-00200631 influence outcomes as concerns you know
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01024-00200632-00200943 the environment or or or you know
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01025-00200944-00201254 social well welfare or uh
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01026-00201255-00201487 or governance in various forms and at
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01027-00201488-00201614 different levels
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01028-00201615-00201887 um i don't they have not as i understand
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01029-00201888-00202038 it downgraded any of their
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01030-00202039-00202375 of their standards um or or guidelines
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01031-00202376-00202575 um but this was something that they were
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01032-00202576-00202735 absolutely considering on the us i mean
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01033-00202736-00202807 within the u.s
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01034-00202808-00203135 government what we see is you know a
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01035-00203136-00203199 response
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01036-00203200-00203519 a real sort of competitive response um
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01037-00203520-00203719 which strikes me as a a bit
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01038-00203720-00203887 short-sighted but i mean it
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01039-00203888-00204231 the sort of initial response was a
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01040-00204232-00204478 the development of the build act right
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01041-00204479-00204599 or the creation of that
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01042-00204600-00204750 in the passage of the build act which
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01043-00204751-00204951 then led to the development of the
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01044-00204952-00205166 us development finance corporation which
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01045-00205167-00205358 has at this point i forget how many
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01046-00205359-00205534 loans it is but something like six or
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01047-00205535-00205686 seven have been issued across the latin
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01048-00205687-00205894 american and caribbean region and a
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01049-00205896-00206103 wide range of different countries um
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01050-00206104-00206214 mostly supporting
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01051-00206215-00206446 uh infrastructure projects of various
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01052-00206448-00206606 forms um
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01053-00206607-00206766 but in june i mean it's 60 billion
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01054-00206767-00206998 dollars globally
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01055-00207000-00207262 right uh that the the the dfc is able to
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01056-00207263-00207342 offer
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01057-00207344-00207590 um it's slower again right than what
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01058-00207591-00207751 china tends to do
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01059-00207752-00207919 and the numbers really do pale in
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01060-00207919-00208062 comparison to
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01061-00208063-00208206 to what china offers whether we're
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01062-00208207-00208342 talking especially if we're talking
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01063-00208344-00208551 cumulatively like from the
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01064-00208552-00208734 develop from the policy banks commercial
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01065-00208735-00208998 banks from private equity funds from you
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01066-00209000-00209151 know the wide range of other financial
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01067-00209152-00209255 sources that
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01068-00209256-00209414 um that are operating in these various
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01069-00209415-00209646 regions at any given time and so
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01070-00209648-00209887 whether that's a you know a response
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01071-00209888-00209982 it's good
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01072-00209983-00210215 right to be potentially you know doing
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01073-00210216-00210415 more in the way of investment but also
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01074-00210416-00210558 there's the prospect of further
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01075-00210559-00210710 indebting some of these countries if
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01076-00210711-00210951 it's purely loans right and this is
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01077-00210952-00211175 this was a bit controversial of late
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01078-00211176-00211367 with respect to ecuador right where the
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01079-00211367-00211503 dfc
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01080-00211504-00211831 um it's a memorandum of understand of
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01081-00211832-00211958 understanding it's not something that's
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01082-00211959-00212006 been
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01083-00212007-00212215 signed off on yet but offered a loan to
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01084-00212216-00212319 ecuador
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01085-00212319-00212558 um that was conditioned on the
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01086-00212559-00212663 privatization
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01087-00212664-00212942 of some oil assets and also on the
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01088-00212944-00213142 rejection of huawei
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01089-00213144-00213463 as a bidder in the upcoming 5g auctions
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01090-00213464-00213687 so you know there are ways to go about
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01091-00213688-00213767 this
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01092-00213767-00213927 i don't know if that's the best way but
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01093-00213928-00214039 certainly these are some of the things
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01094-00214040-00214223 that we've seen materialize or the the
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01095-00214223-00214391 conversations and reactions that we've
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01096-00214392-00214551 seen materialize in the past few years
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01097-00214552-00214887 in response to all of this
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01098-00214888-00215039 thank you thank you margaret i'll just
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01099-00215040-00215334 add a few words to what margaret said
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01100-00215335-00215503 um thank you very much alexander that
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01101-00215504-00215703 was a very
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01102-00215704-00215934 profound question i said what the united
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01103-00215935-00216039 states and the west
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01104-00216040-00216167 let's just say the united states and the
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01105-00216167-00216351 west in general could learn
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01106-00216352-00216510 if if there is anything to learn from
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01107-00216511-00216710 the from the chinese model in africa
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01108-00216711-00217031 the first thing is the acknowledgement
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01109-00217032-00217287 of the different contexts there is a
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01110-00217288-00217351 different
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01111-00217352-00217519 there's a difference context between the
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01112-00217519-00217631 united states there's a different
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01113-00217632-00217775 context happening in africa
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01114-00217776-00217927 and there's different contexts happening
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01115-00217928-00218206 in china now china seems to pay heed
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01116-00218207-00218471 to those different dynamics now africa
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01117-00218471-00218567 is at a certain
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01118-00218567-00218871 at a different stage of of development
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01119-00218871-00218991 from the united states
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01120-00218992-00219246 if you look at uh the they ran up to the
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01121-00219248-00219487 1960s vegetation for civil rights
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01122-00219488-00219671 in the united states there was a lot of
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01123-00219671-00219879 exploitation that was happening
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01124-00219880-00220046 to people of color in the united states
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01125-00220048-00220231 so most of the things that africans
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01126-00220232-00220351 letting today talk about
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01127-00220352-00220687 is well you are forcing a paradigm on us
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01128-00220688-00220934 that is not really suited to us because
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01129-00220935-00221087 you are kind of it's more like a pro
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01130-00221088-00221246 christian bed the united states wants
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01131-00221248-00221342 africa to
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01132-00221344-00221591 prohibit some kind of the late says uh
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01133-00221592-00221751 africa should run whilst everyone is
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01134-00221752-00221871 walking i think the united states
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01135-00221871-00222134 actually wants africa to even fly
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01136-00222135-00222310 the worst the rest of the world is
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01137-00222311-00222439 working and i think that
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01138-00222440-00222598 that cannot work you have to understand
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01139-00222600-00222767 you have to understand the dynamics that
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01140-00222767-00222927 we have here in africa we're at a
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01141-00222928-00223094 certain stage of development we're still
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01142-00223096-00223231 trying to play catch up
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01143-00223232-00223406 and the united states has to make sure
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01144-00223407-00223679 that it takes us at that level do not
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01145-00223680-00223863 come up with this absolutist way of
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01146-00223864-00224039 looking at the world make sure that you
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01147-00224040-00224142 also consider
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01148-00224144-00224415 the dynamics of of individual african
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01149-00224416-00224519 countries and then
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01150-00224519-00224687 another thing is there is an expression
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01151-00224688-00224855 do not shoot the messenger i think it's
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01152-00224856-00225119 it's an american western expression well
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01153-00225119-00225223 here in africa
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01154-00225223-00225391 when we look at our colonial history
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01155-00225392-00225567 unfortunately you cannot disentangle the
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01156-00225567-00225727 messenger from the message
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01157-00225728-00225871 so most of the times for example in the
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01158-00225871-00226039 united states and and then
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01159-00226040-00226367 britain france and the other colonial
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01160-00226367-00226503 previously colonial powers are
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01161-00226504-00226727 pontificating to us we always look at
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01162-00226728-00227015 the person talking about that particular
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01163-00227016-00227191 giving us that particular message
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01164-00227192-00227382 and china has been very depth in that
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01165-00227383-00227551 because most of the times when china is
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01166-00227552-00227719 engaging with the developing world
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01167-00227719-00227887 africa in particular it will take it
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01168-00227888-00228046 will always evoke the issue of
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01169-00228048-00228158 humiliation
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01170-00228159-00228342 china always talk about it being
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01171-00228344-00228503 humiliated by japan
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01172-00228504-00228742 it being humiliated by the soviet union
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01173-00228744-00228871 it's being emulated by
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01174-00228871-00229039 great britain that only gave it back
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01175-00229040-00229198 hong kong in 1997.
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01176-00229200-00229455 so that creates this intersecting
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01177-00229456-00229703 history of victimhood between china
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01178-00229704-00229910 and and and africa and we look at now
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01179-00229911-00230023 the capitalists
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01180-00230023-00230358 being their common enemies so that is
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01181-00230359-00230487 those are just some of the things to
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01182-00230488-00230671 which the united states should play look
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01183-00230671-00230839 at the individual context of african
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01184-00230840-00230894 countries
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01185-00230896-00231031 the cultural context of african
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01186-00231032-00231206 countries and pay heed to that
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01187-00231207-00231534 do not when once you come as us as the
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01188-00231535-00231687 power that was previously linked to
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01189-00231688-00231782 colonial powers
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01190-00231783-00231975 and you are just pontificating to africa
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01191-00231976-00232134 we tend to look at more the person that
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01192-00232135-00232246 is saying those things
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01193-00232248-00232431 rather than the message that they that
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01194-00232432-00232598 they are conveying
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01195-00232600-00232991 thank you
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01196-00232992-00233391 hey um hi thank you for coming to talk
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01197-00233392-00233551 to us today i have two
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01198-00233552-00233758 questions and the first one is like
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01199-00233759-00233951 related to sustainability
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01200-00233952-00234239 as well um so china like although they
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01201-00234240-00234287 are like
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01202-00234288-00234615 investing in like um energy
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01203-00234616-00234951 um the coal plants and other like
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01204-00234952-00235231 energy infrastructures like they're also
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01205-00235232-00235479 kind of like um preventing
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01206-00235480-00235606 developing countries from like
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01207-00235607-00235791 developing sustainably
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01208-00235792-00235998 so how would how what would be like the
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01209-00236000-00236206 perspective of like
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01210-00236207-00236431 african countries or latin american
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01211-00236432-00236527 countries
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01212-00236528-00236767 on like the balance between the
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01213-00236767-00236894 sustainable development
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01214-00236896-00237103 and economic like development in the
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01215-00237104-00237231 short run
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01216-00237232-00237551 and my second question is
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01217-00237552-00237831 um it's also related to economic
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01218-00237832-00237910 development
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01219-00237911-00238327 but um so china is investing more on
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01220-00238328-00238358 like
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01221-00238359-00238598 infrastructure but like they are not
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01222-00238600-00238734 providing much
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01223-00238735-00238975 um humanitarian aid compared to other
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01224-00238976-00239175 countries like the us and
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01225-00239176-00239567 or other like major european countries
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01226-00239567-00239871 um how do you see
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01227-00239871-00240287 china will um like will china continue
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01228-00240288-00240351 to
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01229-00240352-00240710 focus more on like maybe investment on
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01230-00240711-00240751 like
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01231-00240752-00241030 infrastructure because it will promote
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01232-00241031-00241119 um
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01233-00241119-00241358 like china's economic uh might be
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01234-00241359-00241582 beneficial for like china's
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01235-00241583-00241998 um companies itself or
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01236-00242000-00242398 how would you see china will um
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01237-00242400-00242615 put more resources on my humanitarian
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01238-00242616-00242830 aid if you
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01239-00242831-00243310 have any ideas
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01240-00243311-00243527 i i can make a few sort of brief
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01241-00243528-00243703 comments to start out they
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01242-00243704-00243855 so trying to just put out a new white
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01243-00243856-00244006 paper um
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01244-00244007-00244263 on development assistance which is worth
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01245-00244264-00244391 it you may have already taken a look at
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01246-00244392-00244446 that
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01247-00244448-00244806 uh i don't know um but
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01248-00244807-00244975 you know it talks about more of a focus
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01249-00244976-00245279 on humanitarian assistance and untied
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01250-00245280-00245582 aid so you know the provision of
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01251-00245583-00245758 concessional lending for example
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01252-00245759-00246006 low interest rate lending uh that is not
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01253-00246007-00246167 tied to the use of chinese companies or
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01254-00246167-00246303 to specific projects or
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01255-00246304-00246430 you know or to the use of chinese
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01256-00246431-00246591 equipment things of this nature so it's
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01257-00246592-00246630 a
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01258-00246631-00246934 sort of rethinking of of
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01259-00246935-00247215 what it is to to engage in development
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01260-00247216-00247398 assistance in various regions right
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01261-00247400-00247582 um i don't know if that will
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01262-00247583-00247767 fundamentally change this this
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01263-00247767-00247958 extensive focus on infrastructure
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01264-00247959-00248191 development i still feel like you know
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01265-00248192-00248471 the the view of of what it is to do
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01266-00248471-00248527 human
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01267-00248528-00248798 um to do development assistance is very
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01268-00248800-00248839 much
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01269-00248840-00249198 you know infrastructure based um
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01270-00249200-00249367 and that's unlikely to change all that
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01271-00249367-00249542 much but the nature of
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01272-00249544-00249703 the the ways in which they may go about
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01273-00249704-00249879 that the mechanisms used could could
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01274-00249880-00250046 vary somewhat in the coming years so i
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01275-00250048-00250175 think it might be worth taking a look at
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01276-00250176-00250223 that
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01277-00250223-00250391 particular document i haven't studied it
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01278-00250392-00250598 in a lot of depths and perhaps
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01279-00250600-00250927 mr dr matambo has uh has and
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01280-00250928-00251206 could provide some more information but
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01281-00251207-00251327 um
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01282-00251328-00251606 on the you know in the sustainability
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01283-00251607-00251727 question this is
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01284-00251728-00251975 something that strikes me as sort of
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01285-00251976-00252134 evolving
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01286-00252135-00252319 right quite quite a bit at least
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01287-00252319-00252446 rhetorically right
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01288-00252448-00252639 it's hard to say whether there will be
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01289-00252640-00252791 major evolution on the ground
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01290-00252792-00252927 still you know in the latin american
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01291-00252928-00253071 region i can speak only about that
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01292-00253071-00253215 region right we're seeing
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01293-00253216-00253415 considerable investment in sectors that
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01294-00253416-00253542 tend to have an outsize it
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01295-00253544-00253798 you know impact on the environment and
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01296-00253800-00253887 on
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01297-00253888-00254255 uh you know social well-being welfare
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01298-00254256-00254567 um uh you know on specific communities
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01299-00254567-00254694 where some of these
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01300-00254696-00254910 investments are taking place because you
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01301-00254911-00255103 know most of the focus is on extractive
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01302-00255104-00255246 sectors and on inmate
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01303-00255248-00255415 large-scale infrastructure projects
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01304-00255416-00255630 including through you know areas that
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01305-00255631-00255663 are
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01306-00255664-00256030 environmentally very sensitive um and so
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01307-00256031-00256294 you know undoubtedly there will continue
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01308-00256296-00256527 to be sustainability problems associated
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01309-00256528-00256687 with those sorts of projects and the
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01310-00256688-00256934 extent of engagement in those particular
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01311-00256935-00257255 sectors at the same time we're seeing
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01312-00257256-00257487 in policy documents a lot more of a
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01313-00257488-00257727 focus on sustainability a lot more of a
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01314-00257728-00257903 focus on sort of greening the belt and
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01315-00257904-00257991 road initiative
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01316-00257992-00258263 on what's called quality infrastructure
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01317-00258264-00258310 which is
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01318-00258311-00258558 a term that japan uses extensively to
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01319-00258559-00258639 write that china
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01320-00258640-00258798 appears to have borrowed from japan in
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01321-00258800-00258951 just the past few years
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01322-00258952-00259279 um but you know also a and and on you
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01323-00259280-00259503 know much higher standards and much more
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01324-00259504-00259719 rigorous approval processes for overseas
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01325-00259719-00259806 investment
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01326-00259807-00259967 through the belt and road initiative by
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01327-00259967-00260158 chinese companies and so
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01328-00260159-00260503 a lot depends on on whether these
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01329-00260504-00260839 new initiatives you know have any teeth
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01330-00260840-00261158 whether they are you know upheld and
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01331-00261159-00261327 whether chinese companies go
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01332-00261328-00261534 forth with all of this in mind and
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01333-00261535-00261646 that's hard to say
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01334-00261648-00261927 but things could change you know and
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01335-00261928-00262119 right now according to china and
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01336-00262119-00262279 some other studies there's quite a bit
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01337-00262280-00262423 less focus on on
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01338-00262424-00262630 uh coal than there has been in the past
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01339-00262631-00262734 so that's
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01340-00262735-00262958 cold about power plant development you
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01341-00262959-00263095 know globally
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01342-00263096-00263327 um whether this continues to be the case
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01343-00263328-00263727 you know again still remains to be seen
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01344-00263728-00263934 well thank you thank you margaret for
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01345-00263935-00264175 that and uh thank you for your question
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01346-00264176-00264423 i can only pronounce your last name is
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01347-00264424-00264543 it takamoto
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01348-00264544-00265158 but your first name
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01349-00265159-00265455 yeah okay all right thank you very much
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01350-00265456-00265582 we here for that question
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01351-00265583-00265855 let me start with a way margaret left in
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01352-00265856-00266015 terms of infrastructure
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01353-00266016-00266310 um i say your question is very not not
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01354-00266311-00266479 only a good one but very important
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01355-00266480-00266582 because
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01356-00266583-00266791 whenever we talk about the issues of how
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01357-00266792-00267015 sustainable china's projects are
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01358-00267016-00267343 we we should have at the wrong target
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01359-00267344-00267551 stay here in the development we are very
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01360-00267552-00267710 quick to
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01361-00267711-00267895 and the west has helped us in in that
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01362-00267896-00268039 road towards era actually
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01363-00268040-00268230 we are very quick in blaming china
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01364-00268231-00268391 rather than putting the responsibility
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01365-00268392-00268430 on chi
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01366-00268431-00268630 on africa and the development because we
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01367-00268631-00268767 know exactly what we need
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01368-00268768-00268951 we know how sustainable china's
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01369-00268952-00269095 investment could be and how we could
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01370-00269096-00269127 make
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01371-00269128-00269430 use of china's investment in order to to
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01372-00269431-00269558 sustain what is happening
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01373-00269559-00269782 i'll give you a specific example of my
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01374-00269783-00269951 own country again zambia where
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01375-00269952-00270295 we have a desperate lack
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01376-00270296-00270558 of electricity these days in zambia it
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01377-00270559-00270671 is not actually
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01378-00270672-00270927 unusual to have a power outage over
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01379-00270928-00271006 about
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01380-00271007-00271271 12 hours in a day that's half a day in
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01381-00271272-00271327 total
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01382-00271328-00271479 darkness so how do you industrialize
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01383-00271480-00271630 your economy for example
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01384-00271631-00271982 so in order to remedy that we
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01385-00271983-00272206 we we hired a sinohydro a chinese
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01386-00272207-00272327 company to build
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01387-00272328-00272606 the kaffir gorge electricity supply
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01388-00272607-00272695 station well
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01389-00272696-00273151 that was haunted in 2018 because um
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01390-00273152-00273279 could not actually explain why it had
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01391-00273280-00273382 voted that but
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01392-00273383-00273647 it was probably because there was no
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01393-00273648-00273806 assurance from the zambian government
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01394-00273807-00274006 that you could actually service the date
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01395-00274007-00274143 that it had incurred from that
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01396-00274144-00274358 particular area so it is the
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01397-00274359-00274527 responsibility of africa to
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01398-00274528-00274758 ensure that whatever is invested in
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01399-00274759-00274919 africa is sustainable
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01400-00274920-00275191 so the responsibilities is on africa and
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01401-00275192-00275358 not on china when it comes to
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01402-00275359-00275606 humanitarian aid i think the the
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01403-00275607-00275775 strongest point about china is actually
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01404-00275776-00275847 standard
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01405-00275848-00276055 it is very candied when it's coming to
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01406-00276056-00276206 africa it does not come
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01407-00276207-00276495 under our first prudences um if at all
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01408-00276496-00276719 there are some negative aspects to china
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01409-00276720-00276958 africa relations or china's relationship
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01410-00276959-00277071 in the developing world
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01411-00277072-00277279 then those are kind of by-products but
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01412-00277280-00277415 not that it
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01413-00277416-00277663 it not not that it actively seeks to
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01414-00277664-00277767 undermine
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01415-00277768-00277975 uh democracy or to undermine the local
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01416-00277976-00278175 economies as it was the case during the
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01417-00278176-00278303 cold war for example when the united
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01418-00278304-00278399 states actually
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01419-00278400-00278606 actively undermined democracy in
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01420-00278607-00278743 countries like the congo they are
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01421-00278744-00278830 provided
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01422-00278831-00279023 you are you are you are your guinness in
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01423-00279024-00279239 soviet union china does not do that
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01424-00279240-00279630 um it it comes as a strictly
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01425-00279631-00279863 business partner to africa and so we
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01426-00279864-00279982 know exactly what we're getting
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01427-00279983-00280110 ourselves into
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01428-00280111-00280287 china does not tell us okay we are going
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01429-00280288-00280430 to promote good governance in your
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01430-00280431-00280599 country we are going to come up with all
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01431-00280600-00280799 did not use all this flowery language
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01432-00280800-00280919 they will tell you this is exactly what
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01433-00280920-00280975 you want
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01434-00280976-00281239 and we are going to go to go into it and
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01435-00281240-00281375 in terms of human
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01436-00281376-00281655 humanitarian speaking um when ma when
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01437-00281656-00281799 margaret you know opening her mouth was
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01438-00281800-00281895 talking about
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01439-00281896-00282199 the the micro level she was talking
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01440-00282200-00282230 about
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01441-00282231-00282415 community social responsibility well
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01442-00282416-00282567 that has been uh
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01443-00282568-00282910 slowly uh coming into the mainstream of
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01444-00282911-00282999 of chinese
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01445-00283000-00283263 uh investment in africa for example you
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01446-00283264-00283343 have
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01447-00283344-00283663 the the the caggiado cajado uh project
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01448-00283664-00283719 in
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01449-00283720-00283975 in in kenya where china the chinese
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01450-00283976-00284079 company
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01451-00284080-00284334 a private chinese company is providing
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01452-00284335-00284479 portable water to the
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01453-00284480-00284703 to the maasai people not only that he's
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01454-00284704-00284823 also embarking on
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01455-00284824-00285054 building schools uh coming up teaching
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01456-00285055-00285263 people fish farming and stuff like that
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01457-00285264-00285479 so that is happening but not at a scale
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01458-00285480-00285671 that the west has been uh has been doing
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01459-00285672-00286175 thank you
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01460-00286176-00286510 frankie the floor is yours
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01461-00286511-00286727 hi thank you both so much for being here
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01462-00286728-00286863 and for such an insightful
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01463-00286864-00287119 discussion um this is sort of jumping
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01464-00287120-00287310 off of what you were just talking about
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01465-00287311-00287487 and riya's question um
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01466-00287488-00287743 so from your perspective how should both
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01467-00287744-00287791 china
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01468-00287792-00287982 and the us how should their approach to
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01469-00287983-00288095 foreign aid
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01470-00288096-00288367 and investment um in latin america and
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01471-00288368-00288454 in africa how
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01472-00288455-00288687 should it change to best support
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01473-00288688-00288830 economic development
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01474-00288831-00289095 should it change at all what industries
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01475-00289096-00289271 are the most important to support what
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01476-00289272-00289487 form should this economic support take
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01477-00289488-00289871 um and also in that what is the role of
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01478-00289872-00290054 international institutions
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01479-00290055-00290263 um what is the role of the like the
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01480-00290264-00290454 world trade organization for example
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01481-00290455-00291254 is there one um yeah thank you
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01482-00291255-00291663 i'll let you
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01483-00291664-00291903 thank you very much frankie for uh for
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01484-00291904-00292023 that question today
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01485-00292024-00292334 um in in terms of what
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01486-00292335-00292727 their approach should be um
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01487-00292728-00292919 for for for a long time and i think this
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01488-00292920-00293110 is also happening in the you know in a
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01489-00293111-00293167 way
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01490-00293168-00293430 that uh that china has been cooperating
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01491-00293431-00293534 with africa so
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01492-00293535-00293727 there is a certain level of
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01493-00293728-00293975 condescension really when a lot of uh
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01494-00293976-00294279 actors come to come to africa and uh
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01495-00294280-00294495 that has been detrimental to the to the
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01496-00294496-00294582 continent
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01497-00294583-00294854 every time everyone always feels as if
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01498-00294855-00295047 no we have to go and help africa that is
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01499-00295048-00295103 why
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01500-00295104-00295271 sometimes if you look at the first two
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01501-00295272-00295519 documents of the on the forum on china
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01502-00295520-00295647 africa corporation
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01503-00295648-00295887 it was about how do we develop africa
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01504-00295888-00296079 rather than how do we help africa to
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01505-00296080-00296199 develop itself
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01506-00296200-00296454 so i think that that is how the approach
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01507-00296455-00296527 should be
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01508-00296528-00296767 and then if the rest of the world is
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01509-00296768-00296919 held to certain standards
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01510-00296920-00297239 of governance um then i think africa
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01511-00297240-00297327 should be held
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01512-00297328-00297495 to that particular standard as well and
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01513-00297496-00297703 i know this is very problematic because
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01514-00297704-00297767 then
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01515-00297768-00297910 china will say we do not want to
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01516-00297911-00298095 interfere into the internal affairs of
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01517-00298096-00298215 africans but
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01518-00298216-00298471 that only happens when you are dealing
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01519-00298472-00298654 with africans at a political level
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01520-00298655-00298839 the political elite of africa will be
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01521-00298840-00298967 very happy if you
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01522-00298968-00299103 if we continue with what has been
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01523-00299104-00299287 obtaining since the sec the end of the
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01524-00299288-00299375 second world war
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01525-00299376-00299551 whether where you are just dealing with
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01526-00299552-00299751 the elite give the money and then and
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01527-00299752-00299823 you don't
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01528-00299824-00300030 care really about ordinary africans but
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01529-00300031-00300254 if you are engaging with africans
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01530-00300255-00300423 holistically in a situation where you
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01531-00300424-00300591 actually care about the plight
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01532-00300592-00300791 of ordinary africans then the approach
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01533-00300792-00300975 has to change it has to be an approach
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01534-00300976-00301110 that also cutters
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01535-00301111-00301334 for what happens at a subnational level
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01536-00301335-00301479 not only at the state level
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01537-00301480-00301734 and that will mean uh in engaging more
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01538-00301735-00301943 in the provision of of
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01539-00301944-00302127 effective education in africa the
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01540-00302128-00302263 provision of healthcare and the
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01541-00302264-00302406 development of civil society
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01542-00302407-00302503 organizations
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01543-00302504-00302727 in africa i think that approach should
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01544-00302728-00302815 uh
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01545-00302816-00303039 could could be adopted and it could work
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01546-00303040-00303143 well um
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01547-00303144-00303391 and and that has been a very big blight
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01548-00303392-00303551 on chelsea's engagement with africa
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01549-00303552-00303679 because it only engages
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01550-00303680-00303919 mostly with africa with the the african
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01551-00303920-00304071 elites that's why you find that it has
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01552-00304072-00304127 closed
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01553-00304128-00304382 uh it has had closer relationships with
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01554-00304383-00304447 very
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01555-00304448-00304679 uh obnoxious regimes repentant regimes
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01556-00304680-00304823 such as uh
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01557-00304824-00305206 the the the regime and the sudanese
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01558-00305207-00305479 regime what is the role of international
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01559-00305480-00305671 institutions well
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01560-00305672-00305839 international institutions such as the
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01561-00305840-00305958 united nations the world trade
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01562-00305959-00306071 organizations
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01563-00306072-00306254 would have a people to role to play but
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01564-00306255-00306503 then these are institutions to which
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01565-00306504-00306719 africa and the development the
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01566-00306720-00306910 developing world actually left
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01567-00306911-00307127 at their mercy because who controls the
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01568-00307128-00307303 world bank realistically speaking who
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01569-00307304-00307463 has more influence than they at at the
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01570-00307464-00307615 world trade organizations
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01571-00307616-00307782 it is the same powers to which we have
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01572-00307783-00307951 to go and protest when they're engaging
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01573-00307952-00308015 with us
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01574-00308016-00308391 at a in a way that is kind of uh in a
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01575-00308392-00308567 way that is kind of lopsided not to the
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01576-00308568-00308695 benefit of africa so
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01577-00308696-00308958 that is a very difficult question and uh
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01578-00308959-00309087 in in all honesty
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01579-00309088-00309271 i will tell you there is a role that
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01580-00309272-00309430 africa could play through the african
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01581-00309431-00309510 union
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01582-00309511-00309799 but and then of course that will have to
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01583-00309800-00309919 proceed from how
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01584-00309920-00310127 africa wants to engage with china do we
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01585-00310128-00310287 engage with china as africa
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01586-00310288-00310495 or do we engage with china as individual
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01587-00310496-00310654 african countries and then
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01588-00310655-00310919 if you if we go that level then we see
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01589-00310920-00311006 that realistically
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01590-00311007-00311143 speaking africa will not have the chance
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01591-00311144-00311391 of engaging with china
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01592-00311392-00311654 at the level of equal uh uh at a
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01593-00311655-00311727 mutually
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01594-00311728-00311919 beneficial level with china's 1.4
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01595-00311920-00312151 billion people africans 1.3 billion
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01596-00312152-00312495 so already you see that even china's
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01597-00312496-00312703 economy is greater than africa's 1.3
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01598-00312704-00312799 trillion economy
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01599-00312800-00313063 so all of those kind of things they just
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01600-00313064-00313199 realistically tell you that there can
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01601-00313200-00313351 never be a relationship between two
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01602-00313352-00313415 equals
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01603-00313416-00313606 unless as an international institution
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01604-00313607-00313719 the african union
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01605-00313720-00313871 chooses to engage with africa at a
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01606-00313872-00314263 continental level
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01607-00314264-00314575 let me i'll just uh that's a fantastic
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01608-00314576-00314710 answer and let me just underscore a
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01609-00314711-00314887 couple of things that dr mccombos said
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01610-00314888-00314934 that
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01611-00314935-00315254 you know look i mean pretty much every
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01612-00315255-00315495 development organization multilateral
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01613-00315496-00315703 development bank regional institution at
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01614-00315704-00315871 this point has noted that the
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01615-00315872-00315999 infrastructure deficit
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01616-00316000-00316199 in latin america and the caribbean is
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01617-00316200-00316430 extensive and is limiting prospects for
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01618-00316431-00316543 development and
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01619-00316544-00316767 you know in the near medium and long
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01620-00316768-00316919 term and so i mean
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01621-00316920-00317263 it's it stands um to reason that well
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01622-00317264-00317463 first of all obviously you know china
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01623-00317464-00317582 has identified
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01624-00317583-00317927 this as a critical problem for latin
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01625-00317928-00318110 america is a critical problem previously
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01626-00318111-00318263 for china and one in which china might
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01627-00318264-00318447 be able to engage more extensively
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01628-00318448-00318727 with some degree of mutual benefit and
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01629-00318728-00318871 has done so well
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01630-00318872-00319175 but there are and you know
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01631-00319176-00319463 the us has not engaged as extensively in
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01632-00319464-00319671 the past and sort of hard infrastructure
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01633-00319672-00319919 as part of its uh development assistance
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01634-00319920-00320134 profile and indeed you know education
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01635-00320135-00320223 health
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01636-00320224-00320447 um other forms of infrastructure water
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01637-00320448-00320606 and sanitation for example which was
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01638-00320607-00320799 mentioned earlier have featured far more
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01639-00320800-00321063 prominently in the us's you know oda
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01640-00321064-00321239 uh in latin america and in a wide range
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01641-00321240-00321375 of other regions
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01642-00321376-00321663 um that said you know there's good
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01643-00321664-00321799 infrastructure and there's bad
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01644-00321800-00321927 infrastructure right not all
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01645-00321928-00322023 infrastructure
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01646-00322024-00322303 is is the same and has the same effects
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01647-00322304-00322510 on on development outcomes i mean if we
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01648-00322511-00322734 look at argentina for example
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01649-00322735-00323039 china um during you know
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01650-00323040-00323271 christina kirschner's presidency decided
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01651-00323272-00323358 to
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01652-00323359-00323623 support through china action bank the
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01653-00323624-00323782 development of two
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01654-00323783-00323991 huge hydroelectric dams in christina
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01655-00323992-00324158 kirschner's home province
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01656-00324159-00324382 wherein you know her associates where
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01657-00324383-00324519 the benefits
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01658-00324520-00324734 drive the benefits of pretty much all of
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01659-00324735-00324895 that uh
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01660-00324896-00325087 work you know her friends got the
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01661-00325088-00325239 contracts to both
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01662-00325240-00325567 to you know do the initial studies
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01663-00325568-00325830 and also to construct the actual thing
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01664-00325831-00325934 and and you know
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01665-00325935-00326127 this this is the sort of thing that we
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01666-00326128-00326327 see happening all over the place and
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01667-00326328-00326543 the actual need for those dams was also
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01668-00326544-00326671 heavily debated
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01669-00326672-00326903 within argentina they're very very far
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01670-00326904-00327030 from buenos aires
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01671-00327031-00327199 it costs a lot of money to transfer that
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01672-00327200-00327375 electricity there and there are a number
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01673-00327376-00327543 of dams that would have been
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01674-00327544-00327815 better of better you know used to
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01675-00327816-00327934 argentina had they
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01676-00327935-00328110 been constructed instead of these two
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01677-00328111-00328327 sort of pet projects right is what many
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01678-00328328-00328654 people in argentina have called them so
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01679-00328655-00328943 you know it's a matter of thinking you
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01680-00328944-00328982 know
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01681-00328983-00329454 very uh um
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01682-00329455-00329623 of doing some critical thinking right
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01683-00329624-00329823 about how best to approach
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01684-00329824-00329958 infrastructure whether we're talking
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01685-00329959-00330206 about you know the us doing it or
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01686-00330207-00330551 or china doing it or or anyone else
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01687-00330552-00330830 um and also engaging in a lot of
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01688-00330831-00330958 capacity building
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01689-00330959-00331158 right and i don't see china doing this i
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01690-00331159-00331271 don't know if there's a lot of interest
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01691-00331272-00331343 in china
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01692-00331344-00331551 doing this or among chinese officials
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01693-00331552-00331719 and doing this or not but certainly
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01694-00331720-00331927 there's growing interest in the us and
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01695-00331928-00332063 helping
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01696-00332064-00332303 latin american countries and not just
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01697-00332304-00332382 countries and
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01698-00332383-00332510 and sort of institutions that are
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01699-00332511-00332719 responsible for accountability and for
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01700-00332720-00332910 you know managing procurement processes
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01701-00332911-00333030 and and
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01702-00333031-00333206 and other things associated with sort of
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01703-00333207-00333375 deal-making whether with china or with
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01704-00333376-00333454 other
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01705-00333455-00333791 countries or companies but also as dr
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01706-00333792-00334006 matambo mentioned you know strengthening
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01707-00334007-00334287 civil society's capacity to monitor
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01708-00334288-00334471 um what's happening on the ground
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01709-00334472-00334647 whether it's china related or otherwise
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01710-00334648-00334687 and
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01711-00334688-00334991 and and to hold companies
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01712-00334992-00335310 you know and others accountable for for
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01713-00335311-00335478 practices that may not have
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01714-00335479-00335799 an uh you know an overall positive
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01715-00335800-00336119 outcome in the end uh so that's a i mean
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01716-00336120-00336199 that's a big
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01717-00336200-00336399 big part of it i don't see the u.s
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01718-00336400-00336654 fundamentally changing its oda profile
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01719-00336655-00336815 at all in the coming years but
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01720-00336816-00336991 i think i do think that infrastructure
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01721-00336992-00337191 use at least within usaid there's more
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01722-00337192-00337271 talk
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01723-00337272-00337478 about including hard infrastructure as
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01724-00337479-00337606 part of some of the the
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01725-00337607-00337806 the outreach that the us is doing and
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01726-00337807-00337919 this is indeed
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01727-00337920-00338127 very much in response to to china's
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01728-00338128-00338471 model
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01729-00338472-00338703 we have time for one more question or
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01730-00338704-00338895 perhaps two depending on
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01731-00338896-00339206 the time but colin hi
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01732-00339207-00339430 yeah thank you uh to both both of you
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01733-00339431-00339591 who are coming to speak with us today
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01734-00339592-00339887 um my question was also it's it's about
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01735-00339888-00339919 like
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01736-00339920-00340191 sustainability of uh chinese investment
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01737-00340192-00340310 like through the bri and
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01738-00340311-00340647 other ways um so i used to live in
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01739-00340648-00340719 ethiopia
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01740-00340720-00340975 and in ethiopia there's like a lot of
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01741-00340976-00341078 chinese investment
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01742-00341079-00341391 and uh you you'd uh hear often stories
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01743-00341392-00341447 of um
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01744-00341448-00341647 you know chinese companies receiving
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01745-00341648-00341839 like special exemptions from
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01746-00341840-00342071 you know certain things so it's just
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01747-00342072-00342263 cheaper for their companies to operate
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01748-00342264-00342519 um and so you know it kind of creating
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01749-00342520-00342575 um
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01750-00342576-00342910 like a distortion almost um of like uh
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01751-00342911-00343087 like a fair market and so i'm just
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01752-00343088-00343351 my questions about that is um like to
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01753-00343352-00343463 what extent does
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01754-00343464-00343791 you know chinese investment um like in
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01755-00343792-00343878 the long term
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01756-00343879-00344167 does it like benefit like the the market
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01757-00344168-00344343 of you know the recipient countries
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01758-00344344-00344551 or is it is it gonna you know create
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01759-00344552-00344678 more problems
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01760-00344679-00344878 um you know more distortions in the
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01761-00344879-00345047 market such like like that
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01762-00345048-00345303 um and also maybe like to what extent
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01763-00345304-00345399 does like you know the
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01764-00345400-00345671 the the chinese investment like like
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01765-00345672-00345815 disproportionately benefit
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01766-00345816-00346087 more like elites versus um you know
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01767-00346088-00346254 people i think
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01768-00346255-00346447 like it obviously does you know provide
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01769-00346448-00346567 economic growth and
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01770-00346568-00346734 you know that's good i'm just wondering
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01771-00346735-00346934 like is there like some sort of balance
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01772-00346935-00347039 there
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01773-00347040-00347406 thank you
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01774-00347407-00347734 all right um i i think i could go
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01775-00347735-00348006 first on that one call him uh thank you
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01776-00348007-00348158 thank you very much for
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01777-00348159-00348519 for that question um when you look at a
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01778-00348520-00348895 chinese investment in africa and uh
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01779-00348896-00349078 to the to the extent to which it is
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01780-00349079-00349223 benefiting
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01781-00349224-00349439 recipient countries i think uh the jury
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01782-00349440-00349575 still out on that
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01783-00349576-00349934 because um when when when we look at uh
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01784-00349935-00350127 its its engagement with with the
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01785-00350128-00350382 continent it is still at a nursing stage
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01786-00350383-00350575 and then it is very difficult in a space
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01787-00350576-00350751 of 20 years to really gauge
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01788-00350752-00350919 whether or not this will be sustainable
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01789-00350920-00351078 but there are of course
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01790-00351079-00351399 opportunities for growth between uh
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01791-00351400-00351606 in terms of china's relationship with
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01792-00351607-00351734 africa and that
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01793-00351735-00352087 is in the skills capital now here we we
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01794-00352088-00352247 we have a continent that is the youngest
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01795-00352248-00352310 contin
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01796-00352311-00352647 we we have an abundance of human care
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01797-00352648-00352830 you know if only and this to link to
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01798-00352831-00352951 your second question by the way about
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01799-00352952-00352999 the elite
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01800-00353000-00353310 people um if only china could
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01801-00353311-00353671 try and benefit more the human capital
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01802-00353672-00353815 of africa but of course that will have
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01803-00353816-00353903 to be
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01804-00353904-00354103 that will have to be the in primary
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01805-00354104-00354319 initiative and responsibility of african
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01806-00354320-00354463 countries themselves
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01807-00354464-00354663 so there are certain sectors for example
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01808-00354664-00354878 in the provision of water
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01809-00354879-00355191 in uh areas like in in zambia and in
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01810-00355192-00355247 kenya
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01811-00355248-00355503 where hydro technology from from from
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01812-00355504-00355567 china
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01813-00355568-00355799 could actually help to alleviate uh
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01814-00355800-00355991 africa's problems when it comes to
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01815-00355992-00356215 the provision of potable water when it
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01816-00356216-00356415 comes to the digital migration in africa
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01817-00356416-00356519 although it is coming
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01818-00356520-00356743 it comes with all sorts of uh with with
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01819-00356744-00356910 all sorts of stereotypes because people
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01820-00356911-00357006 are
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01821-00357007-00357127 generally skeptical of chinese
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01822-00357128-00357334 technologies by people from the west but
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01823-00357335-00357471 if you come to digital migration for
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01824-00357472-00357695 example in zambia topstar has been very
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01825-00357696-00357839 instrumental in helping
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01826-00357840-00357975 the zambian national broadcasting
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01827-00357976-00358215 company to migrate from analog
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01828-00358216-00358558 to digital transmission of error so that
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01829-00358559-00358799 is an aspect which china has actually
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01830-00358800-00358927 benefited
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01831-00358928-00359119 a recipient country when it comes to the
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01832-00359120-00359303 level of the elite i will
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01833-00359304-00359503 more or less repeat what i said again
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01834-00359504-00359630 disappointingly
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01835-00359631-00359847 what has been the case is that
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01836-00359848-00360030 state-level interaction has been to the
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01837-00360031-00360103 detriment
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01838-00360104-00360351 of an ordinary africa and there is
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01839-00360352-00360510 actually a strange
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01840-00360511-00360767 twist to that a lot of african flawed
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01841-00360768-00360854 democracies
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01842-00360855-00361119 in africa are actually drifting towards
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01843-00361120-00361278 china which is ironic because a lot of
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01844-00361279-00361351 people think
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01845-00361352-00361575 if you're an authoritarian country then
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01846-00361576-00361687 you should you should
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01847-00361688-00361958 you should go to china rather than and
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01848-00361959-00362151 rather than if you are democratizing but
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01849-00362152-00362278 what has been happening is that there
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01850-00362279-00362495 has been a reductionist view of looking
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01851-00362496-00362551 at
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01852-00362552-00362767 politics in africa and democracy in
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01853-00362768-00362951 africa what the west promotes in africa
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01854-00362952-00363103 is not really democracy it is just
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01855-00363104-00363263 voting periodic of watching after five
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01856-00363264-00363415 or four years so
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01857-00363416-00363695 you find a situation where governments
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01858-00363696-00363887 with flawed elections knowing the role
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01859-00363888-00363927 that
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01860-00363928-00364078 they are going to be voted in at the
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01861-00364079-00364230 best of their people even if
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01862-00364231-00364439 the election is flawed they want to go
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01863-00364440-00364627 to china because china gives them the
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01864-00364628-00364799 infrastructure available
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01865-00364800-00365063 uh infrastructure development programs
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01866-00365064-00365182 and they can easily go to the people
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01867-00365183-00365271 until they work
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01868-00365272-00365439 there's no road here there's a road
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01869-00365440-00365599 today here and africans will go
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01870-00365600-00365775 well and vote for that especially if
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01871-00365776-00365951 you're voting not only looking at the
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01872-00365952-00366095 sustainable nature of that
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01873-00366096-00366423 so all that as well is is is tied up
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01874-00366424-00366751 to this uh emphasis on your relations
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01875-00366752-00366943 with the elite catering to the elite to
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01876-00366944-00367206 the detriment of ordinary african people
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01877-00367207-00367519 as we call them
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01878-00367520-00367815 david is there time for me to respond or
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01879-00367816-00367982 yes
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01880-00367983-00368134 yeah i mean i would just in the case of
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01881-00368135-00368263 latin america i would just say that the
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01882-00368264-00368406 jury is also
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01883-00368407-00368599 still out in terms of the overall you
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01884-00368600-00368751 know economic impact
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01885-00368752-00368975 a very among you know a wide range of
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01886-00368976-00369054 populations
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01887-00369055-00369206 largely because again this is a very
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01888-00369207-00369375 young relationship and so many of the
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01889-00369376-00369543 larger scale projects
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01890-00369544-00369847 are still either being developed um you
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01891-00369848-00369895 know
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01892-00369896-00370199 in negotiation or under construction
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01893-00370200-00370391 and very the ones that are not you know
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01894-00370392-00370519 have been in existence for
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01895-00370520-00370743 not all that long there are a few uh
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01896-00370744-00370887 that have been highly controversial that
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01897-00370888-00371039 are built like the coca-cola sinclair
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01898-00371040-00371215 dam for example in ecuador
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01899-00371216-00371447 um which is when you know the benefits
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01900-00371448-00371606 of which are hotly debated
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01901-00371607-00371887 um including by ecuadorians but um but
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01902-00371888-00372023 nevertheless yeah the jury is still
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01903-00372024-00372199 one thing i would say you know you
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01904-00372200-00372351 mentioned you know that there may be
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01905-00372352-00372415 some
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01906-00372416-00372615 some sort of market distortion or that
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01907-00372616-00372751 chinese companies may
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01908-00372752-00373015 benefit from um subsidies or
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01909-00373016-00373151 preferential
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01910-00373152-00373327 access to finance or things of this
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01911-00373328-00373478 nature that could that make them more
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01912-00373479-00373615 competitive and indeed
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01913-00373616-00373791 that is the case and you hear european
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01914-00373792-00373991 not just u.s but european companies just
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01915-00373992-00374199 fretting about this constantly like how
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01916-00374200-00374351 in the world are we going to compete in
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01917-00374352-00374495 latin american market
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01918-00374496-00374758 anymore especially in certain industries
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01919-00374759-00374895 um
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01920-00374896-00375182 the concern is i mean usually these are
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01921-00375183-00375295 they're
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01922-00375296-00375478 going for projects that are needed right
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01923-00375479-00375639 these are projects that the latin
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01924-00375640-00375734 american countries have
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01925-00375735-00375951 put forth they want a 5g network they
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01926-00375952-00376175 want a smart city they want
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01927-00376176-00376382 you know somebody to buy this asset all
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01928-00376383-00376502 of these hydropower projects that this
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01929-00376503-00376630 other company is leaving behind because
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01930-00376631-00376702 they need to leave
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01931-00376703-00376823 the market so it's not as though they're
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01932-00376824-00377023 coming in and forcing new projects on
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01933-00377024-00377102 the region
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01934-00377103-00377382 but the concern is that there'll be
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01935-00377383-00377582 outsized chinese
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01936-00377583-00377815 influence in certain sectors for example
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01937-00377816-00377982 in brazil i mean a
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01938-00377983-00378215 considerable portion of brazil's
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01939-00378216-00378302 electricity
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01940-00378303-00378502 distribution market is owned by china
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01941-00378503-00378702 same in the same in peru
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01942-00378703-00379015 at this point in time and i mean the
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01943-00379016-00379206 question that a lot of people asking are
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01944-00379207-00379295 asking especially
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01945-00379296-00379447 the defense community in the united
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01946-00379448-00379591 states is you know whether this will
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01947-00379592-00379767 lead to some sort of leverage
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01948-00379768-00379982 over decision making on a wide range of
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01949-00379983-00380143 issues whether they are related to human
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01950-00380144-00380310 rights or internet governance or
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01951-00380311-00380527 you know taiwan or whatever it might be
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01952-00380528-00380654 in the future whether that's a valid
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01953-00380655-00380823 concern or not i do not know
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01954-00380824-00380991 you know but that's something that a lot
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01955-00380992-00381615 of folks are asking in present
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01956-00381616-00381791 i think i think we can go for one more
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01957-00381792-00382167 question anyone in the audience
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01958-00382168-00383343 to raise their hands
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01959-00383344-00383639 okay go ahead um i think i might have
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01960-00383640-00384071 just missed it but um
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01961-00384072-00384382 years is it how i pronounce it um i just
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01962-00384383-00384447 want
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01963-00384448-00384847 my ears sorry um i just wanted to ask
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01964-00384848-00385158 about the um growing local what's that
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01965-00385159-00385278 the word
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01966-00385279-00385582 um for like china's uh
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01967-00385583-00385806 policies in developing countries like
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01968-00385807-00385951 what does it mean
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01969-00385952-00386143 to kind of like focus more on like a
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01970-00386144-00386399 local instead of
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01971-00386400-00386663 um even maybe like investments or like
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01972-00386664-00386927 doing major projects and
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01973-00386928-00387239 um yeah yeah no thank you for that yeah
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01974-00387240-00387430 the going local report is more focused
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01975-00387431-00387654 on sort of activity by chinese
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01976-00387655-00388023 um entities of various sorts
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01977-00388024-00388271 right at the local level so so much of
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01978-00388272-00388367 the relationship
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01979-00388368-00388599 you know over the past decade or two
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01980-00388600-00388758 right has been at the bilateral level a
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01981-00388759-00388982 lot of negotiation with actual
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01982-00388983-00389239 presidents right or or officials sort of
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01983-00389240-00389423 central government officials
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01984-00389424-00389647 in terms of uh striking deals and that
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01985-00389648-00389775 still continues to be the case in
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01986-00389776-00389927 certain countries where that model you
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01987-00389928-00390143 know actually tends to work out for
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01988-00390144-00390375 for china um there's also been a real
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01989-00390376-00390599 extension of activity
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01990-00390600-00390958 or focus on um on engaging
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01991-00390959-00391102 regionally right through regional
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01992-00391103-00391302 platforms but also i would say in the
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01993-00391303-00391558 past five years in particular um
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01994-00391559-00391799 an extensive focus on engaging also at
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01995-00391800-00391927 the local level so
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01996-00391928-00392223 making really critical connections with
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01997-00392224-00392351 with officials in
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01998-00392352-00392743 cities in provinces in states you know
+hbM3KwHRBy0-01999-00392744-00392887 different latin american countries have
+hbM3KwHRBy0-02000-00392888-00393134 somehow state some have provinces right
+hbM3KwHRBy0-02001-00393135-00393367 but in in any case it at various
+hbM3KwHRBy0-02002-00393368-00393534 administrative levels
+hbM3KwHRBy0-02003-00393535-00393775 in order to be able to advance certain
+hbM3KwHRBy0-02004-00393776-00393927 commercial objectives sometimes it's
+hbM3KwHRBy0-02005-00393928-00394039 easier
+hbM3KwHRBy0-02006-00394040-00394463 to you know negotiate a new solar park
+hbM3KwHRBy0-02007-00394464-00394695 with the officials in huhui province
+hbM3KwHRBy0-02008-00394696-00394878 argentina than it is with
+hbM3KwHRBy0-02009-00394879-00395151 to do so with the you know mauricio
+hbM3KwHRBy0-02010-00395152-00395406 macri government in buenos aires
+hbM3KwHRBy0-02011-00395407-00395782 or you know to uh to try to
+hbM3KwHRBy0-02012-00395783-00396087 strike uh you know a lithium contract in
+hbM3KwHRBy0-02013-00396088-00396167 chile
+hbM3KwHRBy0-02014-00396168-00396439 with a local entity than it is to do so
+hbM3KwHRBy0-02015-00396440-00396487 um
+hbM3KwHRBy0-02016-00396488-00396671 and a lot of this depends on how just
+hbM3KwHRBy0-02017-00396672-00396799 how decentralized
+hbM3KwHRBy0-02018-00396800-00396999 the governance structure is in any
+hbM3KwHRBy0-02019-00397000-00397206 country and how much authority
+hbM3KwHRBy0-02020-00397207-00397406 you know local local level entities have
+hbM3KwHRBy0-02021-00397407-00397551 over commercial
+hbM3KwHRBy0-02022-00397552-00397695 decision making or other forms of
+hbM3KwHRBy0-02023-00397696-00397847 decision making a lot of this is also
+hbM3KwHRBy0-02024-00397848-00397999 related to sort of
+hbM3KwHRBy0-02025-00398000-00398278 just broadly improving views of china
+hbM3KwHRBy0-02026-00398279-00398327 among
+hbM3KwHRBy0-02027-00398328-00398487 you know broad sections of the
+hbM3KwHRBy0-02028-00398488-00398647 population in a lot of these countries
+hbM3KwHRBy0-02029-00398648-00398806 so there's a lot of outreach network
+hbM3KwHRBy0-02030-00398807-00398975 building at the local level that's
+hbM3KwHRBy0-02031-00398976-00399167 a rather new at least in latin america a
+hbM3KwHRBy0-02032-00399168-00399543 rather new feature of the relationship
+hbM3KwHRBy0-02033-00399544-00399695 so would you think it would be like
+hbM3KwHRBy0-02034-00399696-00399919 beneficial like also for
+hbM3KwHRBy0-02035-00399920-00400182 the maybe the locals and developing
+hbM3KwHRBy0-02036-00400183-00400254 countries
+hbM3KwHRBy0-02037-00400255-00400575 not just like china just as like um
+hbM3KwHRBy0-02038-00400576-00400887 yeah mentioned earlier
+hbM3KwHRBy0-02039-00400888-00401047 will it be beneficial to them if china
+hbM3KwHRBy0-02040-00401048-00401287 does this more extensively
+hbM3KwHRBy0-02041-00401288-00401471 it could be but again it depends on the
+hbM3KwHRBy0-02042-00401472-00401623 nature of the project right in the way
+hbM3KwHRBy0-02043-00401624-00401806 that it's struck and whether
+hbM3KwHRBy0-02044-00401807-00402015 there's sufficient transparency and
+hbM3KwHRBy0-02045-00402016-00402175 accountability and it's actually
+hbM3KwHRBy0-02046-00402176-00402287 something that
+hbM3KwHRBy0-02047-00402288-00402567 the region needs rather than you know
+hbM3KwHRBy0-02048-00402568-00402647 something that an
+hbM3KwHRBy0-02049-00402648-00402871 individual leader is proposing in order
+hbM3KwHRBy0-02050-00402872-00403006 to perhaps
+hbM3KwHRBy0-02051-00403007-00403158 secure reelection you know there are a
+hbM3KwHRBy0-02052-00403159-00403334 lot of factors at play so the quality of
+hbM3KwHRBy0-02053-00403335-00403423 the deal
+hbM3KwHRBy0-02054-00403424-00403615 the the way that it struck the the
+hbM3KwHRBy0-02055-00403616-00403727 various the st
+hbM3KwHRBy0-02056-00403728-00404054 the sort of structure of of
+hbM3KwHRBy0-02057-00404055-00404391 of of institutions locally and and just
+hbM3KwHRBy0-02058-00404392-00404558 how strong they are and
+hbM3KwHRBy0-02059-00404559-00404734 able to hold you know various entities
+hbM3KwHRBy0-02060-00404735-00405078 accountable
+hbM3KwHRBy0-02061-00405079-00405454 thank you
+hbM3KwHRBy0-02062-00405455-00405663 wonderful i think that's about just
+hbM3KwHRBy0-02063-00405664-00405863 about all the time we have today
+hbM3KwHRBy0-02064-00405864-00406199 i just wanted to thank our speakers for
+hbM3KwHRBy0-02065-00406200-00406367 their insights and everyone who's joined
+hbM3KwHRBy0-02066-00406368-00406463 us today for
+hbM3KwHRBy0-02067-00406464-00406775 this conversation um so
+hbM3KwHRBy0-02068-00406776-00406999 uh we just we hope to see you tomorrow
+hbM3KwHRBy0-02069-00407000-00407182 on the second day of the symposium for
+hbM3KwHRBy0-02070-00407183-00407358 some more lectures and some more
+hbM3KwHRBy0-02071-00407359-00407727 interesting breakouts
+hbM3KwHRBy0-02072-00407728-00407871 thanks everyone thank you thank you
+hbM3KwHRBy0-02073-00407872-00408039 thank you for the invitation yes thank
+hbM3KwHRBy0-02074-00408040-00408223 you everyone great moderation david that
+hbM3KwHRBy0-02075-00408224-00408319 was fantastic
+hbM3KwHRBy0-02076-00408320-00408591 thank you that was great thanks for the
+hbM3KwHRBy0-02077-00408592-00409007 great question thank you guys so much
+hcg947ZDyBA-00000-00000088-00000415 understand what the daily beast has done
+hcg947ZDyBA-00001-00000416-00000599 and when i said you know in the in the
+hcg947ZDyBA-00002-00000600-00000734 title of this
+hcg947ZDyBA-00003-00000735-00000991 that the daily beast wants to kill me
+hcg947ZDyBA-00004-00000992-00001231 i'm not being hyperbolic
+hcg947ZDyBA-00005-00001232-00001439 i'm reporting the actual truth
+hcg947ZDyBA-00006-00001440-00001527 i mean
+hcg947ZDyBA-00007-00001528-00001830 how do you look at it any other way
+hcg947ZDyBA-00008-00001832-00002102 how can somebody be so irresponsible and
+hcg947ZDyBA-00009-00002103-00002423 stupid and arrogant
+hcg947ZDyBA-00010-00002424-00002695 as to think that somebody who is in a
+hcg947ZDyBA-00011-00002696-00002966 war zone
+hcg947ZDyBA-00012-00002967-00003270 in a regime that actively targets its
+hcg947ZDyBA-00013-00003271-00003447 own people
+hcg947ZDyBA-00014-00003447-00003606 journalists
+hcg947ZDyBA-00015-00003607-00003919 mayors members of its own parliament
+hcg947ZDyBA-00016-00003920-00004151 i mean even mma fighters for crying out
+hcg947ZDyBA-00017-00004152-00004343 loud who say the wrong thing
+hcg947ZDyBA-00018-00004344-00004670 how can they be so blind so arrogant so
+hcg947ZDyBA-00019-00004671-00004919 irresponsible
+hcg947ZDyBA-00020-00004920-00005127 as to say oh you know there's this guy
+hcg947ZDyBA-00021-00005128-00005343 over there we don't like him no because
+hcg947ZDyBA-00022-00005344-00005511 he says things that we don't like that
+hcg947ZDyBA-00023-00005512-00005654 we don't agree with
+hcg947ZDyBA-00024-00005655-00005854 and so we want you
+hcg947ZDyBA-00025-00005855-00006238 sbu to do our dirty work for us
+hcg947ZDyBA-00026-00006239-00006414 you know the author of this piece or
+hcg947ZDyBA-00027-00006415-00006719 anybody working for the daily beast
+hcg947ZDyBA-00028-00006720-00006814 i'm not going to say anything
+hcg947ZDyBA-00029-00006815-00007006 intemperate
+hcg947ZDyBA-00030-00007008-00007327 i want to oh badly you better believe it
+hcg947ZDyBA-00031-00007328-00007431 but i'm not going to say anything
+hcg947ZDyBA-00032-00007431-00007839 intemperate what i'm going to say is
+hcg947ZDyBA-00033-00007840-00008039 you are responsible if anything happens
+hcg947ZDyBA-00034-00008040-00008207 to me
+hcg947ZDyBA-00035-00008208-00008391 and i want everyone to know
+hcg947ZDyBA-00036-00008392-00008783 that the daily beast as an organization
+hcg947ZDyBA-00037-00008784-00009039 the editors and the individuals who work
+hcg947ZDyBA-00038-00009040-00009327 for it every single one
+hcg947ZDyBA-00039-00009328-00009503 are responsible for it
+hcg947ZDyBA-00040-00009504-00009663 because if in the west they are applying
+hcg947ZDyBA-00041-00009664-00009910 collective responsibility and blaming
+hcg947ZDyBA-00042-00009911-00010071 all russians
+hcg947ZDyBA-00043-00010072-00010287 cursing all russians
+hcg947ZDyBA-00044-00010288-00010510 for this conflict that's going on
+hcg947ZDyBA-00045-00010511-00010742 and if they automatically lionize every
+hcg947ZDyBA-00046-00010743-00010878 ukraine
+hcg947ZDyBA-00047-00010879-00011159 no matter how low no matter how criminal
+hcg947ZDyBA-00048-00011160-00011383 just because they happen to be in this
+hcg947ZDyBA-00049-00011384-00011614 situation then that means that they
+hcg947ZDyBA-00050-00011615-00011870 believe in collective responsibility
+hcg947ZDyBA-00051-00011871-00011974 fine
+hcg947ZDyBA-00052-00011975-00012119 you want to play that game of collective
+hcg947ZDyBA-00053-00012120-00012278 responsibility
+hcg947ZDyBA-00054-00012279-00012455 let's take it a step further
+hcg947ZDyBA-00055-00012456-00012542 you
+hcg947ZDyBA-00056-00012543-00012830 daily beast as an organization you who
+hcg947ZDyBA-00057-00012831-00013135 work for the daily beast
+hcg947ZDyBA-00058-00013136-00013366 you who wrote this hit piece
+hcg947ZDyBA-00059-00013368-00013647 and every single
+hcI4KZ3Qva4-00000-00000229-00001147 [Music]
+hcI4KZ3Qva4-00001-00001148-00002841 thank you
+hcI4KZ3Qva4-00002-00002842-00003256 [Music]
+hcI4KZ3Qva4-00003-00003257-00003556 foreign
+hcI4KZ3Qva4-00004-00003557-00005456 foreign
+hcI4KZ3Qva4-00005-00005457-00006814 [Music]
+hcI4KZ3Qva4-00006-00006815-00008771 foreign
+hcI4KZ3Qva4-00007-00008772-00010403 [Music]
+hcI4KZ3Qva4-00008-00010404-00011386 foreign
+hcI4KZ3Qva4-00009-00011387-00013055 [Music]
+hcI4KZ3Qva4-00010-00013056-00014693 foreign
+hcI4KZ3Qva4-00011-00014694-00015779 [Music]
+hcI4KZ3Qva4-00012-00015780-00016607 foreign
+hcI4KZ3Qva4-00013-00016608-00017321 foreign
+hcI4KZ3Qva4-00014-00017322-00017803 [Music]
+hcVM8YS0MxM-00000-00000000-00000047 [Music]
+hcVM8YS0MxM-00001-00000048-00000303 cricket is very popular in a country
+hcVM8YS0MxM-00002-00000304-00000503 and sometimes the controversy between
+hcVM8YS0MxM-00003-00000504-00000678 the players on the ground makes it more
+hcVM8YS0MxM-00004-00000679-00000790 popular
+hcVM8YS0MxM-00005-00000791-00000999 guys you must have seen many times
+hcVM8YS0MxM-00006-00001000-00001223 players clashing and abusing each other
+hcVM8YS0MxM-00007-00001224-00001415 on the cricket ground but do you know
+hcVM8YS0MxM-00008-00001416-00001607 that there is also a tournament of a
+hcVM8YS0MxM-00009-00001607-00001791 game where players cannot abuse each
+hcVM8YS0MxM-00010-00001792-00001959 other among themselves
+hcVM8YS0MxM-00011-00001960-00002215 if a player is caught abusing it can be
+hcVM8YS0MxM-00012-00002216-00002431 fined up to rupees 14 lakhs
+hcVM8YS0MxM-00013-00002432-00002655 guys the name of the tournament of that
+hcVM8YS0MxM-00014-00002656-00002767 sport is
+hcVM8YS0MxM-00015-00002768-00003023 wimbledon tennis tournament and the
+hcVM8YS0MxM-00016-00003024-00003175 interesting thing is that
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+hcVM8YS0MxM-00019-00003496-00003783 to play wimbledon for this reason the
+hcVM8YS0MxM-00020-00003784-00003854 empire of
+hcVM8YS0MxM-00021-00003855-00004079 wimbledon has to learn abusers in
+hcVM8YS0MxM-00022-00004079-00004191 different languages
+hcVM8YS0MxM-00023-00004192-00004438 so that he can catch any player abusing
+hcVM8YS0MxM-00024-00004439-00004591 and find him
+hcVM8YS0MxM-00025-00004592-00004791 guys did you know this interesting fact
+hcVM8YS0MxM-00026-00004792-00005006 before and if you did not know
+hcVM8YS0MxM-00027-00005007-00005175 then definitely write in the chat
+hcVM8YS0MxM-00028-00005176-00005422 section please share subscribe and like
+hcVM8YS0MxM-00029-00005423-00005567 for such amazing videos
+hcVM8YS0MxM-00030-00005568-00005880 see you in the next video
+hfotTY32mTy-00000-00000112-00000303 march of the monsters continues and oh
+hfotTY32mTy-00001-00000304-00000623 oh oh no is this going to be problematic
+hfotTY32mTy-00002-00000624-00001103 oh yeah there it is
+hfotTY32mTy-00003-00001104-00001278 he's not the only one buddy at least
+hfotTY32mTy-00004-00001279-00001447 that's the old and go back to tokyo and
+hfotTY32mTy-00005-00001448-00001558 learn to cook
+hfotTY32mTy-00006-00001559-00001759 bury some little office worker have
+hfotTY32mTy-00007-00001760-00001991 babies stay home and watch diapers
+hfotTY32mTy-00008-00001992-00002191 oh come on see what they thought was
+hfotTY32mTy-00009-00002192-00002334 okay in 1967
+hfotTY32mTy-00010-00002335-00002599 in gapa the triphibian monster next time
+hfotTY32mTy-00011-00002600-00002958 on the busan midnight
+hfotTY32mTy-00012-00002959-00003367 i'm movie confused
+hg22WCdcAMy-00000-00000070-00000954 [Music]
+hg22WCdcAMy-00001-00000955-00002221 it's on my fingers
+hg22WCdcAMy-00002-00002222-00003635 [Music]
+hg22WCdcAMy-00003-00003636-00003758 foreign
+hg22WCdcAMy-00004-00003759-00005999 [Music]
+hg22WCdcAMy-00005-00006000-00006469 [Music]
+hg22WCdcAMy-00006-00006470-00006648 underneath the table
+hg22WCdcAMy-00007-00006648-00006701 [Music]
+hg22WCdcAMy-00008-00006702-00007019 s
+hg22WCdcAMy-00009-00007020-00007127 thank you
+hg22WCdcAMy-00010-00007128-00007486 there's no platypus controlling me
+hg22WCdcAMy-00011-00007487-00009899 [Music]
+hg22WCdcAMy-00012-00009900-00010470 underneath
+hg22WCdcAMy-00013-00010471-00010722 [Music]
+hkBJR3ZNwv0-00001-00003704-00004398 so
+hkBJR3ZNwv0-00002-00004399-00005647 [Music]
+hkBJR3ZNwv0-00003-00005648-00005855 you
+hm3mxdUYQfI-00000-00000003-00000473 you
+hm3mxdUYQfI-00001-00000474-00000719 this video will explain how to record a
+hm3mxdUYQfI-00002-00000720-00000983 lecture with media site to get started
+hm3mxdUYQfI-00003-00000984-00001199 the wireless transmitter is located in
+hm3mxdUYQfI-00004-00001200-00001478 the AV cabinet open the cabinet and
+hm3mxdUYQfI-00005-00001479-00001628 retrieve the wireless transmitter from
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+hm3mxdUYQfI-00009-00002409-00002608 the microphone carefully as it is a
+hm3mxdUYQfI-00010-00002609-00003023 sensitive piece of equipment clip it
+hm3mxdUYQfI-00011-00003024-00003197 onto your pants or a sturdy area of
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+hm3mxdUYQfI-00013-00003450-00003710 mixer in the microphone cabinet the
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+hm3mxdUYQfI-00016-00004190-00004550 adjusting do so accordingly next open
+hm3mxdUYQfI-00017-00004551-00004868 the touch link panel click on the media
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+hm3mxdUYQfI-00021-00005586-00005836 you will see the camera move indicating
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+hm3mxdUYQfI-00031-00008045-00008320 lecture after you finished your lecture
+hm3mxdUYQfI-00032-00008321-00008534 press the off button to turn the media
+hm3mxdUYQfI-00033-00008535-00008884 site camera off close media site to
+hm3mxdUYQfI-00034-00008885-00009109 return to the homepage please turn off
+hm3mxdUYQfI-00035-00009110-00009313 and return the wireless microphone to
+hm3mxdUYQfI-00036-00009314-00009631 the AV cabinet your course materials
+hm3mxdUYQfI-00037-00009632-00009827 will be accessible through blackboard
+hm3mxdUYQfI-00038-00009828-00010189 within the same day to learn more about
+hm3mxdUYQfI-00039-00010190-00010396 media site recording in your own class
+hm3mxdUYQfI-00040-00010397-00010648 early please contact itslearning spaces
+hm3mxdUYQfI-00041-00010649-00011042 for more information thank you
+hmHBoKHS9Rg-00000-00000039-00000206 british columbians have been vaccine
+hmHBoKHS9Rg-00001-00000208-00000415 leaders thanks to everyone who rolled up
+hmHBoKHS9Rg-00002-00000416-00000591 their sleeves we're finally getting back
+hmHBoKHS9Rg-00003-00000592-00000886 to the people and the activities we love
+hmHBoKHS9Rg-00004-00000888-00001111 but more of those things means more
+hmHBoKHS9Rg-00005-00001112-00001343 opportunities for the virus to spread
+hmHBoKHS9Rg-00006-00001344-00001558 and we now know our immunity loses some
+hmHBoKHS9Rg-00007-00001559-00001791 strength over time whether our immunity
+hmHBoKHS9Rg-00008-00001792-00002030 is from two doses of a vaccine or a
+hmHBoKHS9Rg-00009-00002032-00002302 recent infection without a booster you
+hmHBoKHS9Rg-00010-00002303-00002534 become more likely to get infected and
+hmHBoKHS9Rg-00011-00002535-00002742 for some people that will lead to more
+hmHBoKHS9Rg-00012-00002743-00002950 serious illness or long-term
+hmHBoKHS9Rg-00013-00002951-00003206 complications from covet 19.
+hmHBoKHS9Rg-00014-00003207-00003367 getting a booster is your best
+hmHBoKHS9Rg-00015-00003368-00003575 protection that's why millions of
+hmHBoKHS9Rg-00016-00003576-00003838 british colombians have already done so
+hmHBoKHS9Rg-00017-00003839-00004086 if you were one of them thank you
+hmHBoKHS9Rg-00018-00004087-00004335 thank you for helping protect yourself
+hmHBoKHS9Rg-00019-00004336-00004519 your loved ones and those most
+hmHBoKHS9Rg-00020-00004520-00004743 vulnerable in our community
+hmHBoKHS9Rg-00021-00004744-00004975 if you haven't got a vaccine booster yet
+hmHBoKHS9Rg-00022-00004976-00005167 it's not too late to make a real
+hmHBoKHS9Rg-00023-00005168-00005422 difference getting your vaccine booster
+hmHBoKHS9Rg-00024-00005423-00005638 is quick and easy and it's more
+hmHBoKHS9Rg-00025-00005639-00005870 important than ever book an appointment
+hmHBoKHS9Rg-00026-00005871-00006167 today at a pharmacy near you or visit
+hmHBoKHS9Rg-00027-00006168-00006399 gov.bc.ca
+hmHBoKHS9Rg-00028-00006400-00006706 booster for more information
+hmHBoKHS9Rg-00029-00006708-00007015 [Music]
+hnA6DI1wJny-00000-00000006-00000173 hello students and welcome back to bank
+hnA6DI1wJny-00001-00000174-00000347 exam study.com my name is ramandeep
+hnA6DI1wJny-00002-00000348-00000599 Singh so students Banker Baroda so
+hnA6DI1wJny-00003-00000600-00000862 recruitment notification for 2023 has
+hnA6DI1wJny-00004-00000863-00001170 been released there are around 220
+hnA6DI1wJny-00005-00001171-00001391 vacancies so that's what we are going to
+hnA6DI1wJny-00006-00001392-00001636 discuss today my name is ramandeep Singh
+hnA6DI1wJny-00007-00001637-00001948 and let's start the session so students
+hnA6DI1wJny-00008-00001950-00002171 there are 20 vacancies for scale for
+hnA6DI1wJny-00009-00002172-00002573 relationship manager 46 for scale 3 for
+hnA6DI1wJny-00010-00002574-00002849 credit analyst and there are 63 68
+hnA6DI1wJny-00011-00002850-00003208 vacancies for scale 3 6 for scale two 12
+hnA6DI1wJny-00012-00003209-00003461 vacancies for scale 2 Forex manager
+hnA6DI1wJny-00013-00003461-00003670 three five vacancies for scale three
+hnA6DI1wJny-00014-00003671-00003845 Forex manager Forex acquisition and
+hnA6DI1wJny-00015-00003846-00004043 relationship manager so these many
+hnA6DI1wJny-00016-00004044-00004241 vacancies are there let's discuss the
+hnA6DI1wJny-00017-00004242-00004475 eligibility criteria you can apply today
+hnA6DI1wJny-00018-00004476-00004720 the last day to apply is 17th of May
+hnA6DI1wJny-00019-00004721-00005170 2023. so let me just hide myself
+hnA6DI1wJny-00020-00005171-00005429 so for the credit analyst scale 3 and
+hnA6DI1wJny-00021-00005430-00005761 scale 2 for scale 3 the age criteria
+hnA6DI1wJny-00022-00005762-00006118 28 minimum age is 28 years old maximum
+hnA6DI1wJny-00023-00006119-00006406 35 years old as on first of April 2023
+hnA6DI1wJny-00024-00006408-00006653 for scale to minimum 25 years old
+hnA6DI1wJny-00025-00006654-00006881 maximum 30 years old this is the age
+hnA6DI1wJny-00026-00006881-00007175 criteria and for education for scale to
+hnA6DI1wJny-00027-00007176-00007427 graduation and CA is required graduation
+hnA6DI1wJny-00028-00007428-00007787 plus ca for scale 3 graduation plus MBA
+hnA6DI1wJny-00029-00007788-00008098 in finance or cacma CS or CFA is
+hnA6DI1wJny-00030-00008100-00008392 required so if you have not done CA and
+hnA6DI1wJny-00031-00008393-00008681 if you if you have done MBA in finance
+hnA6DI1wJny-00032-00008682-00009053 MBA in finance then you are eligible for
+hnA6DI1wJny-00033-00009054-00009317 scale 3 okay for scale three four years
+hnA6DI1wJny-00034-00009318-00009592 of work experiences required in a bank
+hnA6DI1wJny-00035-00009593-00009760 with three years in large and mid
+hnA6DI1wJny-00036-00009761-00009989 corporate credit in public private
+hnA6DI1wJny-00037-00009990-00010145 foreign banks financial institutions
+hnA6DI1wJny-00038-00010146-00010337 with exposure and credit appraisal
+hnA6DI1wJny-00039-00010338-00010571 processing and operations okay most of
+hnA6DI1wJny-00040-00010572-00010787 the private sector uh you know managers
+hnA6DI1wJny-00041-00010788-00011003 Bank employees have such kind of
+hnA6DI1wJny-00042-00011004-00011260 experiences according to me for scale
+hnA6DI1wJny-00043-00011261-00011603 two uh even freshers can apply but if
+hnA6DI1wJny-00044-00011604-00011838 you have experience it is
+hnA6DI1wJny-00045-00011839-00012106 this is for credit analyst scale 3 and
+hnA6DI1wJny-00046-00012107-00012346 scale two for relationship manager the
+hnA6DI1wJny-00047-00012347-00012635 age criteria is 35 to 42 years for scale
+hnA6DI1wJny-00048-00012636-00013060 4 28 years to 35 years for scale 3.
+hnA6DI1wJny-00049-00013061-00013301 mandatory educational qualification is
+hnA6DI1wJny-00050-00013302-00013601 graduation and a post graduation degree
+hnA6DI1wJny-00051-00013602-00013799 diploma with specialization in finance
+hnA6DI1wJny-00052-00013800-00014075 okay minimum one year course and if you
+hnA6DI1wJny-00053-00014076-00014488 have done CS EFA CS or CMA that is that
+hnA6DI1wJny-00054-00014490-00014722 is preferred okay
+hnA6DI1wJny-00055-00014723-00015053 so uh the work experience requirement
+hnA6DI1wJny-00056-00015054-00015227 for scale three four years of work
+hnA6DI1wJny-00057-00015228-00015485 experience and scale for eight years of
+hnA6DI1wJny-00058-00015486-00015730 work experience is required with the
+hnA6DI1wJny-00059-00015731-00015983 exposure and sales RM relationship
+hnA6DI1wJny-00060-00015984-00016150 management and corporate credit it is
+hnA6DI1wJny-00061-00016151-00016366 required okay four years in scale three
+hnA6DI1wJny-00062-00016368-00016600 and eight years in scale four
+hnA6DI1wJny-00063-00016601-00016889 for Forex manager scale to minimum 24
+hnA6DI1wJny-00064-00016890-00017200 years maximum 35 years scale 3 minimum
+hnA6DI1wJny-00065-00017201-00017436 26 years maximum 40 years
+hnA6DI1wJny-00066-00017437-00017699 educational criteria
+hnA6DI1wJny-00067-00017700-00018017 graduation and post graduation degree
+hnA6DI1wJny-00068-00018018-00018257 diploma with specialization in finance
+hnA6DI1wJny-00069-00018258-00018503 and marketing for scale to two years of
+hnA6DI1wJny-00070-00018504-00018808 work experience is required in a PSU
+hnA6DI1wJny-00071-00018809-00019049 Bank in a private bank in a foreign bank
+hnA6DI1wJny-00072-00019050-00019271 with at least one year exposure in sales
+hnA6DI1wJny-00073-00019272-00019553 and then in scale three four years of
+hnA6DI1wJny-00074-00019554-00019708 work experience with the you know three
+hnA6DI1wJny-00075-00019709-00019930 year exposure in the sales and
+hnA6DI1wJny-00076-00019931-00020164 relationship Management in Forex okay so
+hnA6DI1wJny-00077-00020165-00020971 Forex May foreign
+hnA6DI1wJny-00078-00020972-00021247 experience okay if you have the credit
+hnA6DI1wJny-00079-00021248-00021472 appraisal processing or the operations
+hnA6DI1wJny-00080-00021473-00021749 experience apply for credit analyst if
+hnA6DI1wJny-00081-00021750-00021929 you have sales experience relationship
+hnA6DI1wJny-00082-00021930-00022127 management experience apply for
+hnA6DI1wJny-00083-00022128-00022361 relationship manager key post and if you
+hnA6DI1wJny-00084-00022362-00022522 are having experience in Forex then
+hnA6DI1wJny-00085-00022523-00022811 apply for the Forex manager so exam
+hnA6DI1wJny-00086-00022812-00023086 pattern this exam pattern is not
+hnA6DI1wJny-00087-00023087-00023321 official this is not official based on
+hnA6DI1wJny-00088-00023322-00023567 the previous exam even lasting what
+hnA6DI1wJny-00089-00023568-00023833 happened
+hnA6DI1wJny-00090-00023834-00024107 that they are going to take exam they
+hnA6DI1wJny-00091-00024108-00024322 are going to conduct the exam only if
+hnA6DI1wJny-00092-00024323-00025518 there is large number of candidates
+hnA6DI1wJny-00093-00025519-00025775 so obviously they cannot conduct that
+hnA6DI1wJny-00094-00025776-00025900 many interviews they are going to
+hnA6DI1wJny-00095-00025901-00026093 conduct the exam this is the exam
+hnA6DI1wJny-00096-00026094-00026249 pattern for the previous year there will
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+hnA6DI1wJny-00098-00026363-00026561 language reasoning and quantitative
+hnA6DI1wJny-00099-00026562-00026974 aptitude so we will wait for uh the
+hnA6DI1wJny-00100-00026975-00027202 updates from Bank of Baroda what you can
+hnA6DI1wJny-00101-00027204-00027407 do is you can start the preparation from
+hnA6DI1wJny-00102-00027408-00027652 your end we can help you with that and
+hnA6DI1wJny-00103-00027654-00027893 this you know exam pattern can help you
+hnA6DI1wJny-00104-00027894-00028223 with your exam Bank of Baroda so 2023
+hnA6DI1wJny-00105-00028224-00028517 course for the credit analyst analyst RM
+hnA6DI1wJny-00106-00028518-00028702 and the Forex it's available on Bank
+hnA6DI1wJny-00107-00028704-00028895 exam today.com links are available in
+hnA6DI1wJny-00108-00028895-00029039 the description if you want to prepare
+hnA6DI1wJny-00109-00029039-00029218 you can start your preparation with us
+hnA6DI1wJny-00110-00029219-00029393 and this course is going to help you
+hnA6DI1wJny-00111-00029394-00029596 with the interviews as well interviews
+hnA6DI1wJny-00112-00029597-00029843 may be up foreign
+hnA6DI1wJny-00113-00029844-00030011 the syllabus is like there is English
+hnA6DI1wJny-00114-00030012-00030208 language where you will find reading
+hnA6DI1wJny-00115-00030210-00030370 comprehension this is not an official
+hnA6DI1wJny-00116-00030372-00030587 syllabus based on the previous papers
+hnA6DI1wJny-00117-00030588-00030802 okay and that can help you in the rrb
+hnA6DI1wJny-00118-00030804-00030940 exams as well
+hnA6DI1wJny-00119-00030941-00031133 so closed test error spotting double
+hnA6DI1wJny-00120-00031133-00031301 filler sentence rearrangement and
+hnA6DI1wJny-00121-00031302-00031462 vocabulary based combustion this is for
+hnA6DI1wJny-00122-00031463-00031601 the English language
+hnA6DI1wJny-00123-00031602-00031817 for quantitative aptitude there is data
+hnA6DI1wJny-00124-00031818-00032008 interpretation boards and streams data
+hnA6DI1wJny-00125-00032010-00032267 sufficiency time and work time speed and
+hnA6DI1wJny-00126-00032268-00032483 distance Partnerships mixtures and
+hnA6DI1wJny-00127-00032483-00032752 allegations ages and averages profit and
+hnA6DI1wJny-00128-00032753-00032909 loss percentage and interest problem
+hnA6DI1wJny-00129-00032910-00033185 based on trains pipes and systems
+hnA6DI1wJny-00130-00033186-00033407 area and volume number series linear
+hnA6DI1wJny-00131-00033408-00033593 equation quadratic equation and data
+hnA6DI1wJny-00132-00033594-00033743 sufficiency this is the syllabus for
+hnA6DI1wJny-00133-00033744-00033965 quantitative aptitude for reasoning
+hnA6DI1wJny-00134-00033966-00034121 ability setting Arrangement and puzzles
+hnA6DI1wJny-00135-00034122-00034355 they are most important coding decoding
+hnA6DI1wJny-00136-00034356-00034589 Psy logism machine input output
+hnA6DI1wJny-00137-00034590-00034762 and directions and stress blood
+hnA6DI1wJny-00138-00034763-00035081 relations problems based on ages ranking
+hnA6DI1wJny-00139-00035082-00035177 and Order
+hnA6DI1wJny-00140-00035178-00035446 then statement and conclusion statement
+hnA6DI1wJny-00141-00035447-00035627 and assumption statements and arguments
+hnA6DI1wJny-00142-00035628-00035812 logical reasoning alphanumeric series
+hnA6DI1wJny-00143-00035813-00036101 very important inequality stabilization
+hnA6DI1wJny-00144-00036102-00036217 simple
+hnA6DI1wJny-00145-00036218-00036509 analogy clocks and calendars and
+hnA6DI1wJny-00146-00036510-00036665 non-verbal reasoning these are the
+hnA6DI1wJny-00147-00036666-00036790 important topics for the reasoning
+hnA6DI1wJny-00148-00036791-00036965 ability section for Professional
+hnA6DI1wJny-00149-00036966-00037109 Knowledge I would recommend you to start
+hnA6DI1wJny-00150-00037110-00037271 with the Union budget for the credit
+hnA6DI1wJny-00151-00037272-00038393 analyst foreign
+hnA6DI1wJny-00152-00038394-00038621 and then RBA circulars are very very
+hnA6DI1wJny-00153-00038622-00038843 important working Capital Management
+hnA6DI1wJny-00154-00038844-00039130 ratio analysis break-even Point time
+hnA6DI1wJny-00155-00039131-00039383 value of money Capital budgeting RBA in
+hnA6DI1wJny-00156-00039384-00039551 the Foreign Exchange Market risk
+hnA6DI1wJny-00157-00039552-00039755 management Concepts very important types
+hnA6DI1wJny-00158-00039756-00040012 of risk derivatives derivative pricing
+hnA6DI1wJny-00159-00040013-00040168 very important short short term
+hnA6DI1wJny-00160-00040169-00040361 financing long term financing money
+hnA6DI1wJny-00161-00040362-00040565 market Capital Market money market
+hnA6DI1wJny-00162-00040566-00040751 instruments Capital Market instruments
+hnA6DI1wJny-00163-00040752-00040985 portfolio management and various acts
+hnA6DI1wJny-00164-00040986-00041146 related to banking it's my banking
+hnA6DI1wJny-00165-00041147-00041593 regulation act limited liability act yes
+hnA6DI1wJny-00166-00041594-00041885 negotiable instrument surface and IBC so
+hnA6DI1wJny-00167-00041886-00042059 these are the important acts related to
+hnA6DI1wJny-00168-00042060-00042227 the banking job
+hnA6DI1wJny-00169-00042228-00042461 Forex May Basics how the Forex Market
+hnA6DI1wJny-00170-00042462-00042767 Works currency pairs numericals are
+hnA6DI1wJny-00171-00042768-00042929 important you will be finding few
+hnA6DI1wJny-00172-00042930-00043199 numerical questions uh the terminology
+hnA6DI1wJny-00173-00043200-00043396 is very important understanding the
+hnA6DI1wJny-00174-00043397-00043595 order types understanding the terms very
+hnA6DI1wJny-00175-00043596-00043852 important risk management concepts are
+hnA6DI1wJny-00176-00043853-00044033 important risk management Basics
+hnA6DI1wJny-00177-00044034-00044262 derivatives option trading Concepts
+hnA6DI1wJny-00178-00044263-00044573 leverage risk reward ratios stop loss
+hnA6DI1wJny-00179-00044574-00044752 these terms are really really important
+hnA6DI1wJny-00180-00044753-00044968 money management technical analysis
+hnA6DI1wJny-00181-00044969-00045311 Basics very important uh then core Forex
+hnA6DI1wJny-00182-00045312-00045629 topics are important uh Forex facilities
+hnA6DI1wJny-00183-00045630-00045862 for Resident Indians Forex facilities
+hnA6DI1wJny-00184-00045863-00046157 for non-resident Indians uh import of
+hnA6DI1wJny-00185-00046158-00046374 goods and services outward remittances
+hnA6DI1wJny-00186-00046375-00046655 very very important femma is sort of
+hnA6DI1wJny-00187-00046656-00046871 important here export of goods and
+hnA6DI1wJny-00188-00046872-00047039 services foreign currency accounts in
+hnA6DI1wJny-00189-00047040-00047224 India foreign currency account outside
+hnA6DI1wJny-00190-00047225-00047501 India very important investment in India
+hnA6DI1wJny-00191-00047502-00047746 by non-resident purchase of equity
+hnA6DI1wJny-00192-00047747-00048017 shares by Indian companies outside of
+hnA6DI1wJny-00193-00048018-00048401 India investment by registered uh
+hnA6DI1wJny-00194-00048402-00048605 foreign institutional investors purchase
+hnA6DI1wJny-00195-00048606-00048749 and sales of Securities other than
+hnA6DI1wJny-00196-00048750-00048989 shares or convertible debentures by FIS
+hnA6DI1wJny-00197-00048990-00049355 so doc export Finance foreign trade
+hnA6DI1wJny-00198-00049356-00049661 policy these are important topics
+hnA6DI1wJny-00199-00049662-00049840 so Professional Knowledge syllables for
+hnA6DI1wJny-00200-00049841-00050033 the relationship manager you need to
+hnA6DI1wJny-00201-00050034-00050201 start with the marketing management okay
+hnA6DI1wJny-00202-00050202-00050429 all the four P's five C's of marketing
+hnA6DI1wJny-00203-00050430-00050674 bottom model strategic planning process
+hnA6DI1wJny-00204-00050675-00050890 what analysis value chain core
+hnA6DI1wJny-00205-00050891-00051112 competencies okay then the marketing
+hnA6DI1wJny-00206-00051113-00051257 environment
+hnA6DI1wJny-00207-00051258-00051407 yeah
+hnA6DI1wJny-00208-00051408-00051658 factors influencing consumer by buyer
+hnA6DI1wJny-00209-00051659-00051802 Behavior
+hnA6DI1wJny-00210-00051803-00052013 and then analyzing the market
+hnA6DI1wJny-00211-00052014-00052235 motivation theories are important okay
+hnA6DI1wJny-00212-00052236-00052451 leadership theories are important buying
+hnA6DI1wJny-00213-00052452-00052685 decision process market research
+hnA6DI1wJny-00214-00052686-00052919 important connecting with customers
+hnA6DI1wJny-00215-00052920-00053104 database database management these
+hnA6DI1wJny-00216-00053105-00053266 concepts are important database mining
+hnA6DI1wJny-00217-00053267-00053461 database Warehouse database marketing
+hnA6DI1wJny-00218-00053462-00053711 marketing mix marketing funnel customer
+hnA6DI1wJny-00219-00053712-00053950 relationship management
+hnA6DI1wJny-00220-00053951-00054125 so developing marketing strategies
+hnA6DI1wJny-00221-00054126-00054419 positioning and differentiation product
+hnA6DI1wJny-00222-00054420-00054749 mix Market leadership strategies product
+hnA6DI1wJny-00223-00054750-00055066 life cycle PLC brand positioning
+hnA6DI1wJny-00224-00055067-00055288 pricing strategies identifying market
+hnA6DI1wJny-00225-00055289-00055571 segments and targets so communicating
+hnA6DI1wJny-00226-00055572-00055800 with the customers Market communication
+hnA6DI1wJny-00227-00055801-00056035 process for effective communication
+hnA6DI1wJny-00228-00056036-00056291 advertising different advertising media
+hnA6DI1wJny-00229-00056291-00056476 communicating the value and then
+hnA6DI1wJny-00230-00056477-00056675 branding my brand equity
+hnA6DI1wJny-00231-00056676-00056899 brand positioning differentiation
+hnA6DI1wJny-00232-00056900-00057179 comparative strategies PLC product
+hnA6DI1wJny-00233-00057179-00057388 lifecycle marketing pricing strategies
+hnA6DI1wJny-00234-00057389-00057635 okay so these are the topics that we are
+hnA6DI1wJny-00235-00057636-00057797 going to cover in the course students we
+hnA6DI1wJny-00236-00057798-00057997 have separate courses for credit analyst
+hnA6DI1wJny-00237-00057998-00058265 relationship management and the Forex C
+hnA6DI1wJny-00238-00058266-00058450 nuclear we have prepared the cost the
+hnA6DI1wJny-00239-00058451-00058588 entire syllabus we are going to cover
+hnA6DI1wJny-00240-00058589-00058787 even if you are going for the interviews
+hnA6DI1wJny-00241-00058788-00059099 you have to study these topics so if you
+hnA6DI1wJny-00242-00059100-00059332 are serious about this particular post
+hnA6DI1wJny-00243-00059333-00059513 this particular exam this particular
+hnA6DI1wJny-00244-00059514-00059759 interview join the course links are
+hnA6DI1wJny-00245-00059760-00059969 available in the description if there is
+hnA6DI1wJny-00246-00059970-00060215 any doubt in your mind uh the One Stop
+hnA6DI1wJny-00247-00060216-00060400 solution for you is my WhatsApp number
+hnA6DI1wJny-00248-00060401-00060623 nine zero six seven two zero one triple
+hnA6DI1wJny-00249-00060624-00060838 zero you can WhatsApp me anytime and I'm
+hnA6DI1wJny-00250-00060839-00061054 going to answer you so check the links
+hnA6DI1wJny-00251-00061055-00061138 below
+hnA6DI1wJny-00252-00061139-00061511 to get ah you know expert suggestions ah
+hnA6DI1wJny-00253-00061512-00061726 list of our successful students who took
+hnA6DI1wJny-00254-00061727-00061859 our bank of Maharashtra journalist
+hnA6DI1wJny-00255-00061860-00062050 officer 2023 course all these students
+hnA6DI1wJny-00256-00062051-00062188 they took her courses and they cracked
+hnA6DI1wJny-00257-00062189-00062375 the respective exams they got finally
+hnA6DI1wJny-00258-00062376-00062692 selected and in 2022 all these students
+hnA6DI1wJny-00259-00062694-00062891 from Bank of Maharashtra I congratulate
+hnA6DI1wJny-00260-00062891-00063294 all of them so in ibps rrb scale to 2022
+hnA6DI1wJny-00261-00063295-00063629 2021 and pnbs so credit officer Bank of
+hnA6DI1wJny-00262-00063629-00063929 Maharashtra journalist officer 2020 rlb
+hnA6DI1wJny-00263-00063929-00064337 2020 rrb 2019 Bank of India right
+hnA6DI1wJny-00264-00064338-00064606 Officer 2020 Visa Bank credit officer
+hnA6DI1wJny-00265-00064607-00064823 Bank of India credit officer 2018 Bank
+hnA6DI1wJny-00266-00064824-00065069 of Baroda wealth management all these
+hnA6DI1wJny-00267-00065070-00065206 students they took our courses in the
+hnA6DI1wJny-00268-00065207-00065344 past and they cracked their respective
+hnA6DI1wJny-00269-00065345-00065525 exams I'm really really happy for them
+hnA6DI1wJny-00270-00065526-00065753 if there is any doubt in your mind drop
+hnA6DI1wJny-00271-00065754-00065891 a WhatsApp message and I'm going to
+hnA6DI1wJny-00272-00065892-00066076 answer your doubts and that's actually
+hnA6DI1wJny-00273-00066077-00066244 all for today's students thank you and
+hnA6DI1wJny-00274-00066245-00066400 have a very nice day all the links are
+hnA6DI1wJny-00275-00066401-00066800 available in the description bye
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00000-00000017-00000119 foreign
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00001-00000120-00000912 [Music]
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00002-00000913-00001373 40p shackle protection padlock
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00003-00001374-00001697 I love this little lock it is um full
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00004-00001698-00001895 security men's it's little and haschak
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00005-00001896-00002026 protection which is
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00006-00002027-00002609 something I just don't see a lot myself
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00007-00002610-00002857 see what it feels like inside
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00008-00002858-00003431 a big false set right there it's on one
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00009-00003432-00004163 one is set
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00010-00004164-00004361 click on
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00011-00004362-00004685 actually
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00012-00004686-00004891 there's more on
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00013-00004892-00005356 two oh that's one
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00014-00005357-00005602 make sure I'm underneath it
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00015-00005603-00005963 I hate been one
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00016-00005964-00006263 over set it so we'll let it back down
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00017-00006264-00006509 leave it alone there we go okay we got a
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00018-00006509-00006748 full set there trying to scrub it back
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00019-00006750-00007348 down
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00020-00007350-00008878 come on spool
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00021-00008879-00009569 click onto
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00022-00009570-00010433 four
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00023-00010434-00010853 nice false set on three or
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00024-00010854-00011549 it's like one again
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00025-00011550-00011914 nope I'll see that alone leave it alone
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00026-00011915-00012905 let's go back and feel for three
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00027-00012906-00013636 yeah that's not it
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00028-00013637-00013972 and won the bane of my existence
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00029-00013973-00014225 okay good it's set make sure I didn't
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00030-00014226-00014711 over set it
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00031-00014712-00015911 there's pin five
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00032-00015912-00016565 too stiff a little lift on two
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00033-00016566-00018280 another click on one
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00034-00018281-00018593 big false set right there
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00035-00018594-00018935 where are you which one are you
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00036-00018936-00019330 it's not there
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00037-00019331-00019889 it's like it's pin one again
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00038-00019890-00020105 what's with you pen one why do you hate
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00039-00020106-00020200 me
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00040-00020201-00020585 like the past two days seriously
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00041-00020586-00020914 okay you're set are you
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00042-00020915-00021143 no you're not there you go now you're
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00043-00021144-00021329 set
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00044-00021330-00023333 a little click in the back on four
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00045-00023334-00023878 to make sure I'm on the right pin here
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00046-00023879-00024136 I don't think it was okay there's three
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00047-00024137-00025342 actually so I almost got it
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00048-00025343-00025811 be gentle take our time
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00049-00025812-00026579 if you have anxiety good luck with that
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00050-00026580-00026777 it's giving me some connotation but I'm
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00051-00026777-00027023 not positive
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00052-00027024-00027358 set that's good okay
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00053-00027360-00027581 I was afraid that was going to be a um
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00054-00027582-00028870 the wrong one to lift up there
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00055-00028872-00029237 three
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00056-00029238-00030626 foreign
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00057-00030627-00030864 [Music]
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00058-00030866-00031229 you're set and open yeah there we go oh
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00059-00031230-00031451 that was close okay
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00060-00031452-00031618 Jimmy I almost dropped one of your picks
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00061-00031619-00031774 I saved it though I mean at least it
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00062-00031775-00032074 would be home with you
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00063-00032075-00032452 anyways uh yeah Federal super padlock
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00064-00032453-00032746 40p shackle protection I love these
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00065-00032747-00032933 locks you need to see the frustration it
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00066-00032934-00033065 gave me I've only picked this a couple
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00067-00033066-00033340 times and um I tried it several times on
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00068-00033341-00033551 this trip you know it can't be gutted
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00069-00033552-00033796 though but yeah look at that
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00070-00033797-00033965 it's not a bad size little little
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00071-00033966-00034162 padlock with shackle protection in full
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00072-00034163-00034312 security pins
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00073-00034313-00034439 here is
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00074-00034440-00034649 our bidding
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00075-00034650-00034846 all right bidding
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00076-00034847-00035021 yeah I love this little lock this is one
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00077-00035022-00035195 I'm personally going to keep around to
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00078-00035196-00035327 use myself
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00079-00035328-00035524 anyways we are at
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00080-00035525-00036095 collab Canyon
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00081-00036096-00036490 and this is the North West sorry north
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00082-00036491-00037865 west side of Zion National Park
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00083-00037866-00040193 a nice little Overlook right here
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00084-00040194-00040530 but yeah there we go that is our
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00085-00040531-00040829 nice little Federal lock I highly
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00086-00040830-00040973 recommend everybody get some of these if
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00087-00040974-00041165 you can it took me forever to get them
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00088-00041166-00041261 because they're not in the states
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00089-00041262-00041555 clearly but yeah nice little logs um
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00090-00041556-00041765 black manufacturers if you're watching
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00091-00041766-00042046 uh make yourself a little lock like this
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00092-00042047-00042293 five pin small keyway shackle protection
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00093-00042294-00042557 I don't see that often pack like you may
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00094-00042558-00042749 have that I haven't brushed your product
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00095-00042750-00042952 line in a while but man these are nice
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00096-00042953-00043127 all right everyone
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00097-00043128-00043445 Club Canyon Federal lock thanks for
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00098-00043446-00043602 watching
+ioddE8XVWrQ-00099-00043603-00044770 [Music]
+i0wPr9ncslk-00000-00000003-00000329 in theoretical physics whiteheads theory
+i0wPr9ncslk-00001-00000330-00000505 of gravitation was introduced by the
+i0wPr9ncslk-00002-00000506-00000707 mathematician and philosopher Alfred
+i0wPr9ncslk-00003-00000708-00001431 North Whitehead in 1922
+i0wPr9ncslk-00004-00001432-00002091 topic principal features of the theory
+i0wPr9ncslk-00005-00002092-00002310 Clifford M will argued that whiteheads
+i0wPr9ncslk-00006-00002311-00002538 theory features a prior geometry but
+i0wPr9ncslk-00007-00002539-00002769 this is disputed by Dean R Fowler since
+i0wPr9ncslk-00008-00002770-00002960 it contradicts whiteheads philosophy of
+i0wPr9ncslk-00009-00002961-00003242 nature for Whitehead the geometric
+i0wPr9ncslk-00010-00003243-00003414 structure of nature grows out of the
+i0wPr9ncslk-00011-00003415-00003632 relations among actual occasions
+i0wPr9ncslk-00012-00003633-00003870 Fowler's interpretation of whiteheads
+i0wPr9ncslk-00013-00003871-00004035 theory makes it an alternate
+i0wPr9ncslk-00014-00004036-00004263 mathematically equivalent presentation
+i0wPr9ncslk-00015-00004264-00004446 of general relativity under Will's
+i0wPr9ncslk-00016-00004447-00004674 presentation which was inspired by John
+i0wPr9ncslk-00017-00004675-00004860 light and Singh's interpretation of the
+i0wPr9ncslk-00018-00004861-00005091 theory whiteheads theory has the curious
+i0wPr9ncslk-00019-00005092-00005277 feature that electromagnetic waves
+i0wPr9ncslk-00020-00005278-00005486 propagate along null geodesics of the
+i0wPr9ncslk-00021-00005487-00005682 physical space-time as defined by the
+i0wPr9ncslk-00022-00005683-00005868 metric determined from geometrical
+i0wPr9ncslk-00023-00005869-00006039 measurements and timing experiments
+i0wPr9ncslk-00024-00006040-00006243 while gravitational waves propagate
+i0wPr9ncslk-00025-00006244-00006411 along null geodesics of a flat
+i0wPr9ncslk-00026-00006412-00006606 background represented by the metric
+i0wPr9ncslk-00027-00006606-00006884 tensor of Minkowski space-time the
+i0wPr9ncslk-00028-00006886-00007098 gravitational potential can be expressed
+i0wPr9ncslk-00029-00007098-00007305 entirely in terms of waves
+i0wPr9ncslk-00030-00007306-00007478 along the background metric like the
+i0wPr9ncslk-00031-00007479-00007638 Leon yard week at potential in
+i0wPr9ncslk-00032-00007639-00007938 electromagnetic theory a cosmological
+i0wPr9ncslk-00033-00007939-00008184 constant can be introduced by changing
+i0wPr9ncslk-00034-00008184-00008319 the background metric through a de
+i0wPr9ncslk-00035-00008320-00008616 sitter or anti-de sitter metric this was
+i0wPr9ncslk-00036-00008617-00008909 first suggested by G temple in 1923
+i0wPr9ncslk-00037-00008910-00009152 temple's suggestions on how to do this
+i0wPr9ncslk-00038-00009153-00010000 were criticized by CB Rayner in 1955
+i0wPr9ncslk-00039-00010001-00010613 topic tests of whiteheads theory
+i0wPr9ncslk-00040-00010614-00010841 whiteheads theory is equivalent with the
+i0wPr9ncslk-00041-00010842-00011024 Schwartz's child metric and makes the
+i0wPr9ncslk-00042-00011025-00011231 same predictions as general relativity
+i0wPr9ncslk-00043-00011232-00011408 regarding the four classical solar
+i0wPr9ncslk-00044-00011409-00011696 system tests gravitational redshift like
+i0wPr9ncslk-00045-00011697-00011957 bending perihelion shift Shapiro time
+i0wPr9ncslk-00046-00011958-00012131 delay and was regarded as a viable
+i0wPr9ncslk-00047-00012132-00012347 competitor of general relativity for
+i0wPr9ncslk-00048-00012348-00012761 several decades in 1971 young Clifford M
+i0wPr9ncslk-00049-00012762-00012959 will thanks knee waiter to comprehend
+i0wPr9ncslk-00050-00012960-00013130 whiteheads theory and claims that the
+i0wPr9ncslk-00051-00013131-00013319 theory makes predictions concerning
+i0wPr9ncslk-00052-00013319-00013553 ordinary ocean tides on earth suggested
+i0wPr9ncslk-00053-00013554-00013741 to him by Jim Peebles which are in
+i0wPr9ncslk-00054-00013743-00013928 violent disagreement with observation
+i0wPr9ncslk-00055-00013929-00014191 specifically the theory predicts ur side
+i0wPr9ncslk-00056-00014193-00014491 aerial tide induced by the gravitational
+i0wPr9ncslk-00057-00014493-00014708 field of the Milky Way which is hundreds
+i0wPr9ncslk-00058-00014709-00014876 of times stronger than the solar and
+i0wPr9ncslk-00059-00014877-00015062 lunar tides which immediately nullified
+i0wPr9ncslk-00060-00015063-00015394 this theory as mentioned previously the
+i0wPr9ncslk-00061-00015395-00015584 interpretation of the theory used by
+i0wPr9ncslk-00062-00015585-00015806 will has been criticized by Fowler who
+i0wPr9ncslk-00063-00015807-00015991 has also argued that different tidal
+i0wPr9ncslk-00064-00015993-00016166 predictions can be obtained by a more
+i0wPr9ncslk-00065-00016166-00016412 realistic model of the galaxy also
+i0wPr9ncslk-00066-00016413-00016685 Reinhart and rosenbloom criticized such
+i0wPr9ncslk-00067-00016686-00016988 statements in 1989 a new interpretation
+i0wPr9ncslk-00068-00016989-00017183 of whiteheads theory was proposed that
+i0wPr9ncslk-00069-00017184-00017387 eliminated the unobserved side ariel
+i0wPr9ncslk-00070-00017388-00017642 tide effects however the new
+i0wPr9ncslk-00071-00017643-00017794 interpretation predicted a new
+i0wPr9ncslk-00072-00017795-00018032 unobserved effect called the more tret
+i0wPr9ncslk-00073-00018033-00018594 effect
+i0wPr9ncslk-00074-00018595-00019121 topic footnotes
+i0wPr9ncslk-00075-00019122-00019487 you
+i0wPr9ncslk-00076-00019488-00020029 topic C also
+i0wPr9ncslk-00077-00020030-00020356 Alfred North Whitehead classical
+i0wPr9ncslk-00078-00020357-00020632 theories of gravitation Eddington
+i0wPr9ncslk-00079-00020633-00020971 Finkelstein coordinates
+i0eO6UrEpjI-00000-00000000-00000167 Mommy
+i0eO6UrEpjI-00001-00000168-00000611 yes Colton did you know I have a sister
+i0eO6UrEpjI-00002-00000612-00000773 he has to call uncles I know you have a
+i0eO6UrEpjI-00003-00000774-00000928 sister
+i0eO6UrEpjI-00004-00000930-00001193 I didn't know
+i0eO6UrEpjI-00005-00001194-00001385 you didn't know that Cassie's your
+i0eO6UrEpjI-00006-00001386-00001487 sister
+i0eO6UrEpjI-00007-00001488-00002159 no I have two sisters
+i0eO6UrEpjI-00008-00002160-00002381 where the baby die in your tummy didn't
+i0eO6UrEpjI-00009-00002382-00003451 you
+i0eO6UrEpjI-00010-00003452-00003719 honey who told you I had a baby die in
+i0eO6UrEpjI-00011-00003720-00003833 my tummy
+i0eO6UrEpjI-00012-00003834-00005045 she told me she died in your tummy
+i0eO6UrEpjI-00013-00005046-00005347 what does she look like
+i0eO6UrEpjI-00014-00005348-00005717 Cassie about a little smaller and here
+i0eO6UrEpjI-00015-00005718-00006059 like yours in heaven this little girl
+i0eO6UrEpjI-00016-00006060-00006263 came up to me and she wouldn't stop
+i0eO6UrEpjI-00017-00006264-00007210 hugging me
+i0eO6UrEpjI-00018-00007211-00007559 honey what what was her name she didn't
+i0eO6UrEpjI-00019-00007559-00008639 have any you guys didn't name her
+i0eO6UrEpjI-00020-00008640-00009071 you're right we didn't we uh
+i0eO6UrEpjI-00021-00009072-00009803 we didn't know that she was a she
+i0eO6UrEpjI-00022-00009804-00010339 are you okay Mommy
+i0eO6UrEpjI-00023-00010340-00010655 we lost a baby sweetheart
+i0eO6UrEpjI-00024-00010656-00011051 just a few months before she was
+i0eO6UrEpjI-00025-00011052-00011656 God
+i0eO6UrEpjI-00026-00011657-00011924 little girl
+i0FeE9U3ijc-00000-00000017-00000214 well it's been an eventful three weeks
+i0FeE9U3ijc-00001-00000215-00000688 where do I begin well as your a denote
+i0FeE9U3ijc-00002-00000689-00000893 from my holiday vlogs on my phone's
+i0FeE9U3ijc-00003-00000894-00001141 dying days and briefly on my 3ds I don't
+i0FeE9U3ijc-00004-00001142-00001345 exactly have a reliable form of video
+i0FeE9U3ijc-00005-00001346-00001553 editing right now mobile phone is so
+i0FeE9U3ijc-00006-00001554-00001751 critical for me it's because I use it
+i0FeE9U3ijc-00007-00001752-00001922 for practically every aspect of my
+i0FeE9U3ijc-00008-00001923-00002207 youtubing from filming to scripting and
+i0FeE9U3ijc-00009-00002208-00002417 even editing to what the old moon log
+i0FeE9U3ijc-00010-00002418-00002645 said and use my old ps3 video editor
+i0FeE9U3ijc-00011-00002646-00002767 which is what I'm going to use for this
+i0FeE9U3ijc-00012-00002768-00003038 video that pales in comparison to the
+i0FeE9U3ijc-00013-00003039-00003322 expertise that my other editor had so
+i0FeE9U3ijc-00014-00003323-00003509 basically have everything filmed and
+i0FeE9U3ijc-00015-00003510-00003644 ready for an upcoming lindborg
+i0FeE9U3ijc-00016-00003645-00003811 but I don't have the Keystone that is a
+i0FeE9U3ijc-00017-00003812-00004013 decent smartphone to actually edit the
+i0FeE9U3ijc-00018-00004014-00004195 videos my goal for this YouTube channel
+i0FeE9U3ijc-00019-00004196-00004397 is to make thoughtful and entertaining
+i0FeE9U3ijc-00020-00004398-00004679 content of good quality and as much as
+i0FeE9U3ijc-00021-00004680-00004879 these terrible quality videos have so
+i0FeE9U3ijc-00022-00004880-00005011 far got me a decent amount of
+i0FeE9U3ijc-00023-00005012-00005216 subscribers which I'm thankful for
+i0FeE9U3ijc-00024-00005217-00005450 I want to improve from my cringe origin
+i0FeE9U3ijc-00025-00005451-00005651 and rise from the ashes of unscripted
+i0FeE9U3ijc-00026-00005652-00006013 videos to the heavens of an ironic ly
+i0FeE9U3ijc-00027-00006014-00006259 entertaining content all that I ask from
+i0FeE9U3ijc-00028-00006260-00006550 you my faithful viewers is that you be
+i0FeE9U3ijc-00029-00006551-00006960 patient while I struggle to try and get
+i0FeE9U3ijc-00030-00006961-00007277 what you people want good quality
+i0FeE9U3ijc-00031-00007278-00007585 content that isn't filmed desperately on
+i0FeE9U3ijc-00032-00007586-00007841 afridi s we've audio quality data so
+i0FeE9U3ijc-00033-00007842-00008225 terrible you can't even hear me
+i321had1li4-00000-00000046-00000324 the outer solar system dwarf planet ha
+i321had1li4-00001-00000325-00000573 Maya has two known moons hyakka andna
+i321had1li4-00002-00000574-00000776 maka named after Hawaiian goddesses
+i321had1li4-00003-00000777-00001032 these small moons were discovered in
+i321had1li4-00004-00001033-00001320 2005 from observations of hanya made at
+i321had1li4-00005-00001321-00001527 the large telescopes of the WM Keck
+i321had1li4-00006-00001528-00001874 Observatory in Hawaii Tamiya's moons are
+i321had1li4-00007-00001875-00002108 unusual in a number of ways they are
+i321had1li4-00008-00002109-00002249 thought to be part of its extended
+i321had1li4-00009-00002250-00002465 collisional family which formed billions
+i321had1li4-00010-00002466-00002663 of years ago from icy debris after a
+i321had1li4-00011-00002664-00002873 large impact disrupted haumea's ice
+i321had1li4-00012-00002874-00003065 mantle hyakka
+i321had1li4-00013-00003066-00003284 the larger outermost moon has large
+i321had1li4-00014-00003285-00003486 amounts of pure water ice on its surface
+i321had1li4-00015-00003486-00003734 which is rare among Kuiper belt objects
+i321had1li4-00016-00003735-00004079 numata about 1/10 the mass has an orbit
+i321had1li4-00017-00004080-00004311 with surprising dynamics it is unusually
+i321had1li4-00018-00004312-00004488 eccentric and appears to be greatly
+i321had1li4-00019-00004489-00005042 influenced by the larger satellite
+i321had1li4-00020-00005043-00005456 pick history
+i321had1li4-00021-00005457-00005702 two small satellites were discovered
+i321had1li4-00022-00005703-00005855 around Hamas which was at that time
+i321had1li4-00023-00005856-00006212 still designated 2003 el61 through
+i321had1li4-00024-00006213-00006389 observations using the WM Keck
+i321had1li4-00025-00006390-00006793 Observatory by a Caltech team in 2005
+i321had1li4-00026-00006794-00007031 the outer and larger of the two
+i321had1li4-00027-00007031-00007306 satellites was discovered January 26th
+i321had1li4-00028-00007308-00007763 2005 and formally designated s 2005 2003
+i321had1li4-00029-00007764-00008165 el61 one though nicknamed rudolph by the
+i321had1li4-00030-00008166-00008426 Caltech team the smaller inner satellite
+i321had1li4-00031-00008427-00008651 of Hamal was discovered on june 30th
+i321had1li4-00032-00008652-00009221 2005 formerly termed s 2005 2003 el61 -
+i321had1li4-00033-00009222-00009566 and nicknamed Blitzen on September 7
+i321had1li4-00034-00009567-00009835 2006 both satellites were numbered and
+i321had1li4-00035-00009836-00010013 admitted into the official Minor Planet
+i321had1li4-00036-00010014-00010529 catalog as 136 108 200 3 e l 61 I and 2
+i321had1li4-00037-00010530-00010832 respectively the permanent names of
+i321had1li4-00038-00010833-00011009 these moons were announced together with
+i321had1li4-00039-00011010-00011357 that of 2003 el61 by the International
+i321had1li4-00040-00011358-00011764 Astronomical Union on September 17 2008
+i321had1li4-00041-00011765-00012260 136,000 108 Camejo hyakka and 136,000
+i321had1li4-00042-00012261-00012599 108 hemay attune Amaka each moon was
+i321had1li4-00043-00012600-00012776 named after a daughter of ha Maya the
+i321had1li4-00044-00012777-00012949 Hawaiian goddess of fertility in
+i321had1li4-00045-00012950-00013222 childbirth hyakka is the goddess of
+i321had1li4-00046-00013223-00013444 dance and patroness of the Big Island of
+i321had1li4-00047-00013445-00013613 Hawaii where the Mauna Kea Observatory
+i321had1li4-00048-00013613-00013940 is located Namaqua is the goddess of
+i321had1li4-00049-00013941-00014150 water and the sea she cooled her sister
+i321had1li4-00050-00014151-00014350 Pele's lava as it flowed into the sea
+i321had1li4-00051-00014351-00014563 turning it into new land in her legend
+i321had1li4-00052-00014565-00014741 Tommy as many children came from
+i321had1li4-00053-00014741-00014993 different parts of her body the dwarf
+i321had1li4-00054-00014994-00015175 planet hanya appears to be almost
+i321had1li4-00055-00015176-00015368 entirely made of rock with only a
+i321had1li4-00056-00015369-00015581 superficial layer of ice most of the
+i321had1li4-00057-00015582-00015769 original icy mantle has thought to have
+i321had1li4-00058-00015770-00015974 been blasted off by the impact that spun
+i321had1li4-00059-00015975-00016150 hanya into its current high speed of
+i321had1li4-00060-00016151-00016366 rotation where the material formed into
+i321had1li4-00061-00016368-00016568 the small Kuiper belt objects in ha
+i321had1li4-00062-00016569-00016805 Mia's collisional family there could
+i321had1li4-00063-00016806-00016972 therefore be additional outer moons
+i321had1li4-00064-00016973-00017183 smaller than the maka that have not yet
+i321had1li4-00065-00017184-00017525 been detected however HST observations
+i321had1li4-00066-00017526-00017687 have confirmed that no other moons
+i321had1li4-00067-00017688-00017942 brighter than 0.25 percent of the
+i321had1li4-00068-00017943-00018125 brightness of hanya exist within the
+i321had1li4-00069-00018126-00018418 closest tenth of the distance 0.1% of
+i321had1li4-00070-00018419-00018578 the volume where they could be held by
+i321had1li4-00071-00018579-00018775 hih Mayer's gravitational influence it's
+i321had1li4-00072-00018776-00018864 Hills
+i321had1li4-00073-00018865-00019080 this makes it unlikely that anymore
+i321had1li4-00074-00019081-00019446 exist
+i321had1li4-00075-00019447-00019998 topic surface properties
+i321had1li4-00076-00019999-00020359 Hioki is the outer and at roughly 350
+i321had1li4-00077-00020360-00020581 kilometers in diameter the larger and
+i321had1li4-00078-00020582-00020815 brighter of the two moons strong
+i321had1li4-00079-00020816-00021145 absorption features observed at 1.5 1.6
+i321had1li4-00080-00021146-00021373 5 and 2 micrometers in its infrared
+i321had1li4-00081-00021374-00021586 spectrum are consistent with nearly pure
+i321had1li4-00082-00021587-00021763 crystal and water ice covering much of
+i321had1li4-00083-00021764-00022084 its surface the unusual spectrum and its
+i321had1li4-00084-00022085-00022282 similarity to absorption lines in the
+i321had1li4-00085-00022283-00022474 spectrum of Hamas led Braun and
+i321had1li4-00086-00022475-00022618 colleagues to conclude that it was
+i321had1li4-00087-00022619-00022816 unlikely that the system of moons was
+i321had1li4-00088-00022817-00023020 formed by the gravitational capture of
+i321had1li4-00089-00023021-00023245 passing Kuiper belt objects into orbit
+i321had1li4-00090-00023246-00023437 around the dwarf planet instead the
+i321had1li4-00091-00023438-00023619 hemay and moons must be fragments of
+i321had1li4-00092-00023620-00023860 hemay itself the sizes of both moons are
+i321had1li4-00093-00023861-00024031 calculated with the assumption that they
+i321had1li4-00094-00024032-00024238 have the same infrared albedo as Hamas
+i321had1li4-00095-00024239-00024418 which is reasonable as their spectra
+i321had1li4-00096-00024419-00024562 show them to have the same surface
+i321had1li4-00097-00024563-00024838 composition Hamas albedo has been
+i321had1li4-00098-00024839-00024979 measured by the Spitzer Space Telescope
+i321had1li4-00099-00024980-00025246 from ground-based telescopes the moons
+i321had1li4-00100-00025247-00025462 are too small and close to himera to be
+i321had1li4-00101-00025463-00025738 seen independently based on this common
+i321had1li4-00102-00025739-00025981 albedo the inner moon the maka which is
+i321had1li4-00103-00025982-00026194 1/10 the mass of Helia would be about
+i321had1li4-00104-00026195-00026500 170 kilometres in diameter the Hubble
+i321had1li4-00105-00026501-00026797 Space Telescope HST has adequate angular
+i321had1li4-00106-00026798-00026970 resolution to separate the light from
+i321had1li4-00107-00026972-00027150 the moon's from that of Jimena
+i321had1li4-00108-00027151-00027402 photometry of the hemay 'triple system
+i321had1li4-00109-00027404-00027682 with HSTs and i CMOS camera has
+i321had1li4-00110-00027683-00027931 confirmed that the spectral line at 1.6
+i321had1li4-00111-00027932-00028123 micrometers that indicates the presence
+i321had1li4-00112-00028124-00028354 of water ice as at least as strong in
+i321had1li4-00113-00028355-00028570 the moon spectra as in Hamas spectrum
+i321had1li4-00114-00028570-00028747 the moons of Hamas are too faint to
+i321had1li4-00115-00028748-00028933 detect with telescopes smaller than
+i321had1li4-00116-00028933-00029149 about 2 metres in aperture though hanya
+i321had1li4-00117-00029150-00029445 itself has a visual magnitude of 17.5
+i321had1li4-00118-00029447-00029652 making it the third brightest object in
+i321had1li4-00119-00029654-00029842 the Kuiper belt after Pluto and Makemake
+i321had1li4-00120-00029843-00030037 and easily observable with a large
+i321had1li4-00121-00030038-00030558 amateur telescope
+i321had1li4-00122-00030560-00031027 orbital characteristics
+i321had1li4-00123-00031028-00031307 Hioki orbits hemay 'nearly circularly
+i321had1li4-00124-00031308-00031546 every 49 days numata
+i321had1li4-00125-00031547-00031795 orbits Hamas in 18 days in a moderately
+i321had1li4-00126-00031796-00032038 elliptical non Keplerian orbit and as of
+i321had1li4-00127-00032039-00032287 2008 was inclined 13 degrees with
+i321had1li4-00128-00032288-00032507 respect to hyakka which perturbs its
+i321had1li4-00129-00032508-00032773 orbit because the impact that created
+i321had1li4-00130-00032774-00032929 the moons of hamas is thought to have
+i321had1li4-00131-00032930-00033082 occurred in the early history of the
+i321had1li4-00132-00033083-00033295 solar system over the following billions
+i321had1li4-00133-00033296-00033448 of years it should have been tidally
+i321had1li4-00134-00033449-00033724 damped into a more circular orbit namah'
+i321had1li4-00135-00033725-00033929 cos orbit has likely been disturbed by
+i321had1li4-00136-00033930-00034111 orbital resonances with the more massive
+i321had1li4-00137-00034112-00034351 hyakka do two converging orbits as they
+i321had1li4-00138-00034352-00034513 moved outward from hemay a-- due to
+i321had1li4-00139-00034514-00034748 tidal dissipation they may have been
+i321had1li4-00140-00034749-00034924 caught in and then escaped from orbital
+i321had1li4-00141-00034925-00035107 resonance several times they currently
+i321had1li4-00142-00035108-00035311 are in or at least close to an eight to
+i321had1li4-00143-00035312-00035585 three resonance this resonance strongly
+i321had1li4-00144-00035586-00035776 perturbs 'no maccas orbit which has a
+i321had1li4-00145-00035777-00035960 current precession of its argument of
+i321had1li4-00146-00035961-00036205 periapsis by about minus six point five
+i321had1li4-00147-00036206-00036442 degrees per year a precession period of
+i321had1li4-00148-00036443-00036667 fifty five years at present the orbits
+i321had1li4-00149-00036668-00036826 of the humming moons appear almost
+i321had1li4-00150-00036827-00037054 exactly edge-on from Earth with Namaqua
+i321had1li4-00151-00037055-00037223 having periodically occulted hemay
+i321had1li4-00152-00037224-00037618 a--from 2009 to 2011 observation of such
+i321had1li4-00153-00037619-00037780 transits would provide precise
+i321had1li4-00154-00037781-00037990 information on the size and shape of ha
+i321had1li4-00155-00037991-00038173 Maya and its moons as happened in the
+i321had1li4-00156-00038174-00038413 late 1980s with Pluto and Charon the
+i321had1li4-00157-00038414-00038677 tiny change in brightness of the system
+i321had1li4-00158-00038678-00038873 during these occupations required at
+i321had1li4-00159-00038874-00039064 least a medium aperture professional
+i321had1li4-00160-00039065-00039352 telescope for detection hyakka last
+i321had1li4-00161-00039353-00039640 occulted hanya in 1999 a few years
+i321had1li4-00162-00039641-00039848 before its discovery and will not do so
+i321had1li4-00163-00039849-00040198 again for some 130 years however in a
+i321had1li4-00164-00040199-00040367 situation unique among regular
+i321had1li4-00165-00040368-00040561 satellites the great torquing of namah'
+i321had1li4-00166-00040562-00040757 cos orbit by hyakka preserved the
+i321had1li4-00167-00040758-00040975 viewing angle of namikawa maiya transits
+i321had1li4-00168-00040976-00041386 for several more years
+i321had1li4-00169-00041387-00041892 topic nough maka
+i321had1li4-00170-00041893-00042137 nough maka is the smaller inner moon of
+i321had1li4-00171-00042138-00042279 the dwarf planet ha Maya
+i321had1li4-00172-00042280-00042543 it is named after na maka the goddess of
+i321had1li4-00173-00042544-00042752 the sea in Hawaiian mythology and one of
+i321had1li4-00174-00042753-00043125 the daughters of Hammad
+i321had1li4-00175-00043126-00043620 topic discovery
+i321had1li4-00176-00043621-00043865 nough maka was discovered on the 30th of
+i321had1li4-00177-00043866-00044142 June 2005 and announced on the 29th of
+i321had1li4-00178-00044143-00044520 November 2005 it was nicknamed Blitzen
+i321had1li4-00179-00044521-00044745 by the discovery team before being
+i321had1li4-00180-00044746-00045137 assigned an official name
+i321had1li4-00181-00045138-00045695 topic physical characteristics
+i321had1li4-00182-00045696-00046043 nough maka is only 1.5% as bright as its
+i321had1li4-00183-00046044-00046235 parent dwarf planet hemay ax and is
+i321had1li4-00184-00046236-00046643 about 0.05 percent its mass if it turns
+i321had1li4-00185-00046644-00046850 out to have a similar albedo it would be
+i321had1li4-00186-00046851-00047137 about 170 kilometers in diameter
+i321had1li4-00187-00047138-00047396 photometric observations indicate that
+i321had1li4-00188-00047397-00047597 its surface is made of water ice
+i321had1li4-00189-00047598-00047951 mutual events between 2009 and 2011 were
+i321had1li4-00190-00047952-00048131 expected to improve the knowledge of the
+i321had1li4-00191-00048132-00048323 orbits and masses of the components of
+i321had1li4-00192-00048324-00048473 the ha main system but interpreting
+i321had1li4-00193-00048474-00048650 those observations was greatly
+i321had1li4-00194-00048651-00048851 complicated by the unexpected non
+i321had1li4-00195-00048852-00049069 tidally locked spin state of hyakka
+i321had1li4-00196-00049070-00049349 further observations of hyakka might
+i321had1li4-00197-00049350-00049538 allow to determine its rotation period
+i321had1li4-00198-00049539-00049772 and spin state more precisely at which
+i321had1li4-00199-00049773-00049946 point it should be possible to remove
+i321had1li4-00200-00049947-00050123 its effect from the data obtained in
+i321had1li4-00201-00050124-00050514 2009
+i321had1li4-00202-00050515-00050823 topic hyakka
+i321had1li4-00203-00050824-00051027 you
+i321had1li4-00204-00051028-00051298 Hioki is the larger outer moon of the
+i321had1li4-00205-00051299-00051690 dwarf planet ha Maya
+i321had1li4-00206-00051691-00052215 topic discovery and naming
+i321had1li4-00207-00052216-00052504 yokka was the first satellite discovered
+i321had1li4-00208-00052505-00052736 around hemay ax it is named after one of
+i321had1li4-00209-00052737-00052919 the daughters of hanya hyakka
+i321had1li4-00210-00052920-00053111 the patron goddess of the Big Island of
+i321had1li4-00211-00053112-00053297 Hawaii though at first it had gone by
+i321had1li4-00212-00053298-00053582 the nickname Rudolph by its discovery
+i321had1li4-00213-00053583-00053926 team it orbits once every 49.1 to plus
+i321had1li4-00214-00053927-00054290 or minus 0.03 D at a distance of 49
+i321had1li4-00215-00054291-00054479 thousand eight hundred eighty plus or
+i321had1li4-00216-00054479-00054829 minus 198 kilometers an eccentricity of
+i321had1li4-00217-00054829-00055340 0.05 1/3 plus or minus 0.0078 and an
+i321had1li4-00218-00055341-00055646 inclination of 126 point three five six
+i321had1li4-00219-00055647-00056299 plus or minus 0.06 four degrees
+i321had1li4-00220-00056300-00056799 topic physical characteristics
+i321had1li4-00221-00056800-00057307 topic size and brightness
+i321had1li4-00222-00057308-00057619 its measured brightness as 5.9 plus or
+i321had1li4-00223-00057620-00057913 minus 0.5 percent translating into a
+i321had1li4-00224-00057914-00058150 diameter of about 22 percent of its
+i321had1li4-00225-00058151-00058391 primary or in the range of 320
+i321had1li4-00226-00058391-00058598 kilometers assuming similar infrared
+i321had1li4-00227-00058599-00058904 albedo to put this in perspective if he
+i321had1li4-00228-00058904-00059101 akka were in the asteroid belt it would
+i321had1li4-00229-00059102-00059287 be larger than all but the four largest
+i321had1li4-00230-00059288-00059579 asteroids after one series to Pallas 4
+i321had1li4-00231-00059579-00059875 Vesta and 10 Hagia in spite of its
+i321had1li4-00232-00059876-00060094 relatively large size however light
+i321had1li4-00233-00060095-00060301 curve studies suggest that he akka is
+i321had1li4-00234-00060302-00060515 not a gravitationally collapsed spheroid
+i321had1li4-00235-00060516-00060718 they further suggests that he akka is
+i321had1li4-00236-00060719-00060923 not tidally locked and has a rotation
+i321had1li4-00237-00060924-00061373 period of about nine point eight hours
+i321had1li4-00238-00061374-00061822 topic mass
+i321had1li4-00239-00061823-00062083 the massive hyakka is estimated to be
+i321had1li4-00240-00062084-00062575 1.79 plus or minus 0.1 one times 1019
+i321had1li4-00241-00062576-00062815 kilograms using precise relativist Rama
+i321had1li4-00242-00062816-00062995 tree from Hubble telescope and Keck
+i321had1li4-00243-00062996-00063226 telescope and applying three body point
+i321had1li4-00244-00063227-00063650 mass model to the ha main system
+i321had1li4-00245-00063651-00064183 topic spectrum in composition
+i321had1li4-00246-00064184-00064455 the near-infrared spectrum of hyakka is
+i321had1li4-00247-00064457-00064684 dominated by water ice absorption bands
+i321had1li4-00248-00064685-00064864 which means that its surface has made
+i321had1li4-00249-00064865-00065142 mainly of water ice the presence of the
+i321had1li4-00250-00065144-00065332 band centered at one point six five
+i321had1li4-00251-00065333-00065536 micrometers indicates that the surface
+i321had1li4-00252-00065537-00065701 water ice is primarily in the
+i321had1li4-00253-00065702-00065974 crystalline form currently it is unclear
+i321had1li4-00254-00065975-00066178 why water ice on the surface has not
+i321had1li4-00255-00066179-00066346 turned into amorphous form as would be
+i321had1li4-00256-00066347-00066559 expected due to its constant irradiation
+i321had1li4-00257-00066560-00067060 by cosmic rays
+i321had1li4-00258-00067061-00067554 topic notes
+i321had1li4-00259-00067555-00068066 topic references
+i321had1li4-00260-00068067-00068625 topic external links
+i321had1li4-00261-00068626-00068967 animation of the orbits of Hamas moons
+i321had1li4-00262-00068968-00069238 International Year of astronomy 2009
+i321had1li4-00263-00069239-00069529 podcast dwarf planet ha Maya Deren rageh
+i321had1li4-00264-00069530-00069841 zine Browns publication describing the
+i321had1li4-00265-00069842-00070171 discovery of hyakka paper describing the
+i321had1li4-00266-00070172-00070501 composition of hyakka
+i4tWyGSejZu-00000-00000764-00001031 hi my name is Michael Gray and I'm a
+i4tWyGSejZu-00001-00001032-00001244 veteran I served as a communications
+i4tWyGSejZu-00002-00001245-00001388 officer in the United States Army
+i4tWyGSejZu-00003-00001389-00001691 stationed at Fort Hood Texas Germany and
+i4tWyGSejZu-00004-00001692-00001973 Italy here at ARL that provides def
+i4tWyGSejZu-00005-00001973-00002093 coordination for the information
+i4tWyGSejZu-00006-00002094-00002342 Sciences Division what I like most about
+i4tWyGSejZu-00007-00002343-00002546 my job is working in an environment of
+i4tWyGSejZu-00008-00002547-00002737 science and technology innovation and
+i4tWyGSejZu-00009-00002738-00003103 I'm still serving
+i5hVTCDVzry-00000-00000384-00000588 alright we're going over how to enter
+i5hVTCDVzry-00001-00000589-00000776 your interim semester course grades in a
+i5hVTCDVzry-00002-00000777-00000929 minute first make sure you're the chief
+i5hVTCDVzry-00003-00000930-00001070 sponsor and you can see your interim
+i5hVTCDVzry-00004-00001071-00001266 course listed in your class list under
+i5hVTCDVzry-00005-00001267-00001379 current make sure you have your current
+i5hVTCDVzry-00006-00001380-00001644 classes selected or p2 for the class
+i5hVTCDVzry-00007-00001645-00001791 selection list you can also make sure
+i5hVTCDVzry-00008-00001792-00001976 the reporting term is under either s2 or
+i5hVTCDVzry-00009-00001977-00002208 p2 you need to define the gradebook
+i5hVTCDVzry-00010-00002209-00002417 setup for this class by default it's
+i5hVTCDVzry-00011-00002418-00002547 already at total points that will
+i5hVTCDVzry-00012-00002548-00002670 probably be good enough for everyone
+i5hVTCDVzry-00013-00002671-00002913 make sure that both p2 and s2 are
+i5hVTCDVzry-00014-00002914-00003120 defined the same you need to enter at
+i5hVTCDVzry-00015-00003121-00003272 least one assignment you can enter more
+i5hVTCDVzry-00016-00003273-00003453 so if you have different components you
+i5hVTCDVzry-00017-00003454-00003624 could put those all in here I'm just
+i5hVTCDVzry-00018-00003625-00003807 going to keep it simple and do one I'm
+i5hVTCDVzry-00019-00003808-00004089 also going to call give it a category of
+i5hVTCDVzry-00020-00004090-00004377 project make it out of 100 points make
+i5hVTCDVzry-00021-00004378-00004563 sure that the data is before march for
+i5hVTCDVzry-00022-00004564-00004845 15 because that's the end of the p2 term
+i5hVTCDVzry-00023-00004846-00005070 save that go into the score sheet just
+i5hVTCDVzry-00024-00005071-00005214 like you do any normal assignment now
+i5hVTCDVzry-00025-00005215-00005481 you can enter your grades and go on down
+i5hVTCDVzry-00026-00005482-00005685 as soon as you're done click Save and
+i5hVTCDVzry-00027-00005686-00005877 that is entering your interim semester
+i5hVTCDVzry-00028-00005878-00006153 grades in a minute
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00000-00000046-00000509 Arnold H Greene born July 1940 is a
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00001-00000509-00000763 history professor retired from teaching
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00002-00000764-00001079 at Brigham Young University where he
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00003-00001080-00001345 specialized in the modern history of the
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00004-00001346-00001598 Middle East especially the eras of
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00005-00001599-00001879 European colonization and of
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00006-00001880-00002526 decolonization
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00007-00002527-00003119 topic biography
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00008-00003120-00003515 Green was born in July 1940 and grew up
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00009-00003515-00003847 in Arcadia California where he attended
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00010-00003847-00004649 k12 1945 to 57 in 1959 he received an
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00011-00004650-00004934 Associate of Arts degree from citrus
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00012-00004935-00005422 Junior College in Azusa after one year
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00013-00005423-00005846 1959-60 at Brigham Young University he
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00014-00005847-00006125 served a two and a half year mission for
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00015-00006126-00006374 the Church of Jesus Christ of latter-day
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00016-00006375-00006770 saints LDS Church in France where his
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00017-00006770-00007088 assignments included non tours La
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00018-00007089-00007436 Rochelle trollese Chatillon ron's and
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00019-00007437-00007883 Fontenay aux roses he toured Europe for
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00020-00007884-00008209 a month after his release in February
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00021-00008210-00008460 1963
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00022-00008461-00008760 Green returned to school in the summer
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00023-00008761-00009366 of 1963 in 1965 he earned a bachelor's
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00024-00009367-00009810 degree with honors in American Studies
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00025-00009811-00010119 from California State University Los
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00026-00010120-00010488 Angeles at a time when anti-vietnam War
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00027-00010489-00010785 protests and civil rights marches were
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00028-00010786-00011171 growing on u.s. college campuses
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00029-00011172-00011480 Green received a scholarship to seek an
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00030-00011481-00011888 MA in history at BYU where he worked as
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00031-00011889-00012167 a toff for professor Richard L Bushman
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00032-00012168-00012398 and where his professors included
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00033-00012399-00012722 Delamar Jensen Russell B Swenson and
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00034-00012723-00013118 Hugh Nibley the latter two formed the
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00035-00013119-00013352 Advisory Committee for his research
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00036-00013353-00013813 thesis on a history of latter-day Saint
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00037-00013813-00014066 proselytizing efforts to the Jewish
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00038-00014066-00014227 people
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00039-00014228-00014541 a summary article of which appeared in
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00040-00014543-00015199 BYU studies 1968 he received the MA
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00041-00015200-00015630 with distinction late in the spring of
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00042-00015631-00015888 1967
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00043-00015890-00016168 with his wife and infant daughter Green
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00044-00016169-00016549 returned in the summer of 1967 to Los
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00045-00016550-00016911 Angeles where at UCLA he began pursuing
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00046-00016912-00017268 a PhD in modern Near Eastern history
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00047-00017269-00017713 Arabic his professors included gustav
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00048-00017714-00018108 von groom Bown Nikki Katie Stanford Shaw
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00049-00018109-00018525 afaf Lutfi al-sayyid Marceau PJ
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00050-00018526-00018894 vatikiotis Lewis Jake and Tory Abdullah
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00051-00018895-00019308 Laroy and Peter Vaughan severs he worked
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00052-00019309-00019731 during 1969-70 as a research assistant
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00053-00019732-00020055 for Professor Leo Cooper a
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00054-00020056-00020403 fulbright-hays grant funded 18 months of
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00055-00020404-00020878 research in France and Tunisia 1972 72
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00056-00020879-00021139 for the dissertation on the Tunisian
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00057-00021140-00021697 ulama 1873 to 1915 social structure and
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00058-00021698-00021994 response to ideological currents which
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00059-00021995-00022305 was published by EJ brill Leiden
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00060-00022306-00022737 Netherlands during 1972 73
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00061-00022738-00022956 while Andrew Sandler was on sabbatical
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00062-00022957-00023290 leave Green replaced him as a visiting
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00063-00023291-00023559 professor at the University of Miami
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00064-00023560-00023824 where he taught courses on the modern
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00065-00023825-00024139 Middle East sub-saharan Africa and the
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00066-00024140-00024426 Jewish experience
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00067-00024427-00024849 in in fall of 1973 Green embarked on
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00068-00024850-00025131 fulbright-hays postdoctoral research
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00069-00025132-00025466 scholarship to North Yemen he
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00070-00025467-00025739 anticipated meeting his wife and there
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00071-00025741-00026037 are three small children in Cairo on the
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00072-00026038-00026597 sixth of October 1973 when the Ramadan
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00073-00026598-00027000 Yom Kippur War broke out
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00074-00027001-00027291 stranding mrs. green and the children in
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00075-00027292-00027591 Beirut and dr. green temporarily in
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00076-00027592-00027999 Libya and then in Tunisia they finally
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00077-00028000-00028299 reached Yemen via Rome in Dhahran a
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00078-00028300-00028695 month after leaving Miami living in
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00079-00028695-00029024 tazed Green studied the medieval
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00080-00029025-00029446 university town of zabid
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00081-00029447-00029933 from 1974 to 1985 Green was in the
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00082-00029933-00030158 Department of Arabic Studies at the
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00083-00030158-00030482 American University in Cairo where he
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00084-00030483-00030712 was an assistant professor in from
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00085-00030713-00031154 September 1977 an associate professor of
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00086-00031155-00031454 Arab history Green became a member of
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00087-00031455-00032032 the BYU faculty in 1985 d has served as
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00088-00032033-00032374 the head of the BYU Jerusalem Center and
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00089-00032375-00032701 as chair of the BYU history department
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00090-00032702-00032980 among books by green are the Tunisian
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00091-00032981-00033640 ulama 1873 to 1915 1978 which is his
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00092-00033641-00033980 most widely cited work a survey of Arab
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00093-00033981-00034240 history co-authored with Bernard Weiss
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00094-00034241-00034601 an inquest of an Islamic humanism Arabic
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00095-00034602-00034843 and Islamic studies in memory of
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00096-00034844-00035308 Muhammad al Hawaii 1984 in the LDS
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00097-00035309-00035557 Church Greene has served in many
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00098-00035558-00035767 colleagues including as a branch
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00099-00035768-00036052 president and a Sunday school president
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00100-00036053-00036323 besides studies of North Africa and the
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00101-00036324-00036526 Middle East especially their
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00102-00036527-00036817 intellectual history Green has also
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00103-00036818-00037111 studied the use of supposed similarities
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00104-00037112-00037430 to Islam to attack the Latter day Saint
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00105-00037431-00037843 in 19th century American thought his
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00106-00037844-00038098 work considering the comparison of
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00107-00038099-00038401 Joseph Smith to Mohammed has been often
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00108-00038402-00038998 cited
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00109-00038999-00039578 topic sources
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00110-00039579-00040126 Arnold greens BYU bio page
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00111-00040127-00040543 b-y-u Department of History archived
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00112-00040544-00040845 from the original on the 3rd of August
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00113-00040846-00041605 2007 retrieved the 19th of July 2018
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00114-00041606-00041908 Muslim online publication article
+i7k7cItbQ3Q-00115-00041909-00042220 mentioning green
+i7ZIqMDwOtY-00000-00000000-00000137 let's say we send copies to everyone in
+i7ZIqMDwOtY-00001-00000138-00000467 your class what we say okay to everyone
+i7ZIqMDwOtY-00002-00000468-00001372 in your class 10 just the same you
+i7ZIqMDwOtY-00003-00001373-00002137 working shopping strafing and hiding get
+i7ZIqMDwOtY-00004-00002138-00002518 a meal fresh new weekdays at 4:00 the
+i7ZIqMDwOtY-00005-00002519-00002725 CITV travel and Saturdays at ed ball
+i7ZIqMDwOtY-00006-00002726-00003182 stand on CITV there's wacky Johnson's
+i7ZIqMDwOtY-00007-00003183-00003286 we'll be back at the same time tomorrow
+i7ZIqMDwOtY-00008-00003288-00003428 bringing you more and you collect chief
+i7ZIqMDwOtY-00009-00003429-00003553 giggles buddy
+i7ZIqMDwOtY-00010-00003554-00003860 next on the funkiest channel in town pop
+i7ZIqMDwOtY-00011-00003861-00004298 infer data with Georgie embarking
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00000-00001723-00002099 in the society I think definitely there
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00001-00002100-00002342 is a place for anger in a good you know
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00002-00002343-00002593 some social transformation social
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00003-00002594-00002809 goodness there is a place for anger but
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00004-00002810-00003065 not I think that's not the best best
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00005-00003066-00003374 thing but as I said earlier the nature
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00006-00003375-00003622 of anger is coming from disconnectedness
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00007-00003622-00004004 nature of anger is coming from North
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00008-00004004-00004313 clarity its lack of clarity no
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00009-00004314-00004931 Precision's no I say like the specific
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00010-00004932-00005104 things like it she died reaching of
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00011-00005105-00005336 Direction decisions anger does not have
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00012-00005337-00005533 many of those things like anger is like
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00013-00005534-00005777 it's like a mall I got but you
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00014-00005778-00006097 definitely have a place but like a
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00015-00006098-00006510 madman Gandhi why he is very famous
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00016-00006511-00007109 right did he change society or not did
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00017-00007109-00007556 he have any one gun maybe in life maybe
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00018-00007556-00007864 in the short small one for some fruits
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00019-00007865-00008501 but this guy changed the world so to
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00020-00008502-00008962 change world anger is not necessarily
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00021-00008963-00009269 important but you need to have some
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00022-00009270-00009667 sense of wakefulness and that quality is
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00023-00009668-00009899 I think it's good but many times what do
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00024-00009900-00010094 you feel like in this country when
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00025-00010095-00010528 people are during the election there's a
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00026-00010529-00010844 lot of this negative anger it's not like
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00027-00010845-00011203 a positive sense of calling it's like
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00028-00011204-00011495 more like a negative lost sense of anger
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00029-00011496-00011678 I think I feel a little bit more like
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00030-00011679-00012020 that kind of anger you can have a clear
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00031-00012021-00012401 voice you can fight you can be activist
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00032-00012402-00012773 I think that all are good but really
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00033-00012774-00013196 this negative lost anger no clear vision
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00034-00013197-00013383 nor kind of anger there are many of
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00035-00013384-00013658 them as you say kid as you can see and
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00036-00013659-00014038 feel those are not necessary you know
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00037-00014040-00014418 and of course sometimes it does thinks I
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00038-00014419-00014652 think probably the the election as
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00039-00014653-00014972 people say that the the victory of the
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00040-00014973-00015308 election it's fear and anger base sense
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00041-00015309-00015594 of fear and anger base they want and
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00042-00015594-00016136 some sense so that so so it does things
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00043-00016137-00016335 in the society but not necessarily good
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00044-00016336-00016791 no I think yeah so there that's not has
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00045-00016792-00017013 to be angry I mean there's no joy
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00046-00017014-00017169 there's no choice to have or know you
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00047-00017170-00017328 and you have angry you're not saying I
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00048-00017329-00017594 choose to have anger on Friday morning
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00049-00017595-00017844 for two hours you know we don't choose
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00050-00017845-00018060 those things it happens right so so some
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00051-00018061-00018930 sense of but if you see the I mean some
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00052-00018931-00019097 some time I know like a some friend of
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00053-00019098-00019377 mine said something like okay this
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00054-00019378-00019671 person she she said I raised my voice
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00055-00019672-00019844 for certain situation in the
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00056-00019845-00020480 relationship and spoken out strongly and
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00057-00020481-00020859 then that changed the situation there no
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00058-00020860-00021275 situation is much better yes but yes I
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00059-00021276-00021462 can see those situations very clearly at
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00060-00021463-00021719 that you know if you don't speak out and
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00061-00021720-00021891 nothing's gonna change if you speak out
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00062-00021892-00022143 something's going to change but speaking
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00063-00022144-00022464 out does not has to be anger what I'm
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00064-00022465-00022750 trying to say yeah so that sometimes
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00065-00022751-00023169 when a many some time I wondered like
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00066-00023170-00023369 even the even the really a collective
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00067-00023370-00023540 sense of anger in the politics
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00068-00023541-00023799 politically speaking sometime I wonder
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00069-00023800-00024131 it does is it really I mean some people
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00070-00024132-00024294 were getting really angry at the
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00071-00024295-00024447 politicians or something sometimes I
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00072-00024448-00024725 really wonder is it really they have a
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00073-00024726-00024993 clear vision oh it's it's for them this
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00074-00024994-00025367 is the best excuses to express the anger
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00075-00025368-00025765 because you you know you can yell at
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00076-00025766-00026120 president this country is okay right but
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00077-00026122-00026418 you cannot yell at your neighbor they'll
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00078-00026419-00026820 come after you so yeah
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00079-00026820-00027351 the president White House is far away or
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00080-00027352-00027636 something even impersonal no
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00081-00027637-00027971 relationship so sometimes people like I
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00082-00027972-00028212 wonder sometimes maybe there is some
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00083-00028213-00028493 because some everybody needs some sense
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00084-00028494-00028826 of need to express the aggressiveness
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00085-00028827-00029105 and if they cannot find anywhere and
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00086-00029106-00029452 maybe these are good places to express
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00087-00029453-00029780 right so I'm but but it's not going to
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00088-00029781-00030227 change much but if some some really
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00089-00030228-00030543 sense of vision there then I think it's
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00090-00030544-00030657 good too
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00091-00030658-00030870 but it helps I think some some degree
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00092-00030870-00031127 itself so in the teaching here it's
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00093-00031128-00031445 basically saying it's not necessary
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00094-00031445-00031989 right let's say let's just conclude you
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00095-00031989-00032154 can change things but it doesn't has to
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00096-00032155-00032533 be anger
+i8VLFMEnuW4-00097-00032535-00032866 [Music]
+i9Xl4SOBpxg-00000-00000043-00000289 nuclear electronics is a subfield of
+i9Xl4SOBpxg-00001-00000290-00000443 electronics concerned with the design
+i9Xl4SOBpxg-00002-00000444-00000661 and use of high-speed electronic systems
+i9Xl4SOBpxg-00003-00000662-00000839 for nuclear physics and elementary
+i9Xl4SOBpxg-00004-00000840-00001012 particle physics research and for
+i9Xl4SOBpxg-00005-00001013-00001310 industrial and medical use essential
+i9Xl4SOBpxg-00006-00001311-00001499 elements of such systems include fast
+i9Xl4SOBpxg-00007-00001500-00001670 detectors for charged particles
+i9Xl4SOBpxg-00008-00001671-00001855 discriminators for separating them by
+i9Xl4SOBpxg-00009-00001857-00002072 energy cowntess for counting the pulses
+i9Xl4SOBpxg-00010-00002073-00002291 produced by individual particles fast
+i9Xl4SOBpxg-00011-00002292-00002527 logic circuits including coincidence and
+i9Xl4SOBpxg-00012-00002528-00002725 veto gates for identification of
+i9Xl4SOBpxg-00013-00002726-00002933 particular types of complex particle
+i9Xl4SOBpxg-00014-00002934-00003199 events and pulse height analyzers phas
+i9Xl4SOBpxg-00015-00003200-00003395 for sorting and counting gamma rays or
+i9Xl4SOBpxg-00016-00003396-00003626 particle interactions by energy for
+i9Xl4SOBpxg-00017-00003627-00004242 spectral analysis
+i9Xl4SOBpxg-00018-00004243-00004849 topic elementary components
+i9Xl4SOBpxg-00019-00004850-00005056 some of the essential components that
+i9Xl4SOBpxg-00020-00005057-00005206 make up the elements of a nuclear
+i9Xl4SOBpxg-00021-00005207-00005456 electronic analysis system include
+i9Xl4SOBpxg-00022-00005457-00006000 detectors preamplifiers discriminators
+i9Xl4SOBpxg-00023-00006001-00006263 coincidence and veto logic gates
+i9Xl4SOBpxg-00024-00006264-00006502 counters pulse height analyzers these
+i9Xl4SOBpxg-00025-00006503-00006676 elements were originally developed and
+i9Xl4SOBpxg-00026-00006677-00006808 built in the laboratories of the
+i9Xl4SOBpxg-00027-00006809-00007023 scientists doing the pioneering work in
+i9Xl4SOBpxg-00028-00007025-00007203 the field but are nowadays designed
+i9Xl4SOBpxg-00029-00007204-00007438 developed and manufactured by a variety
+i9Xl4SOBpxg-00030-00007439-00007666 of specialized vendors EG&G or Tech
+i9Xl4SOBpxg-00031-00007667-00007831 Oxford Instruments Stanford Research
+i9Xl4SOBpxg-00032-00007831-00008317 Systems 10 elec
+i9Xl4SOBpxg-00033-00008318-00008842 topic see also
+i9Xl4SOBpxg-00034-00008843-00009202 Nym one nuclear electronics college
+i9Xl4SOBpxg-00035-00009203-00009434 class
+itCXjk_HNUo-00000-00000012-00000321 the agents nationale a Duran Sangamon
+itCXjk_HNUo-00001-00000322-00000600 ANR is a government intelligence agency
+itCXjk_HNUo-00002-00000601-00000771 of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
+itCXjk_HNUo-00003-00000772-00001080 the role of the agency is to ensure
+itCXjk_HNUo-00004-00001081-00001344 internal security and external security
+itCXjk_HNUo-00005-00001345-00001680 of the state the agency was strongly
+itCXjk_HNUo-00006-00001680-00001896 criticized for the disrespect of human
+itCXjk_HNUo-00007-00001897-00002199 rights by several organizations in soon
+itCXjk_HNUo-00008-00002200-00002941 kakak has led the agency since 2011
+itCXjk_HNUo-00009-00002942-00003440 topic history
+itCXjk_HNUo-00010-00003440-00003781 you
+itCXjk_HNUo-00011-00003782-00004288 topic background
+itCXjk_HNUo-00012-00004289-00004601 in 1993 the administrative director of
+itCXjk_HNUo-00013-00004602-00004799 the service national dident off' Acacia
+itCXjk_HNUo-00014-00004800-00005050 net de protection snip was admiral Mvula
+itCXjk_HNUo-00015-00005051-00005275 mu dima who became defense minister in
+itCXjk_HNUo-00016-00005276-00005650 the 1996-1997 Kengo wad Ando government
+itCXjk_HNUo-00017-00005651-00006011 in November 1993 admiral Mvula was
+itCXjk_HNUo-00018-00006012-00006263 replaced by his assistant Goga wad Ando
+itCXjk_HNUo-00019-00006264-00006491 a half-brother of Prime Minister Kengo
+itCXjk_HNUo-00020-00006492-00006823 wad andhe Goga wad andhe was replaced in
+itCXjk_HNUo-00021-00006825-00007109 November 1995 by his assistant attune
+itCXjk_HNUo-00022-00007109-00007541 due on Tuesday February 13th 1996
+itCXjk_HNUo-00023-00007542-00007702 zyre handed to the Rwandan government
+itCXjk_HNUo-00024-00007703-00007970 rusting artillery pieces troop carriers
+itCXjk_HNUo-00025-00007970-00008191 arms and ammunition seized from fleeing
+itCXjk_HNUo-00026-00008192-00008396 who - former Rwandan government troops
+itCXjk_HNUo-00027-00008397-00008762 at the end of Rwanda 1994 genocide zyre
+itCXjk_HNUo-00028-00008763-00008999 Ian Defense Minister Admiral Mvula mu
+itCXjk_HNUo-00029-00009000-00009166 dima handed over the weapons in a
+itCXjk_HNUo-00030-00009167-00009364 ceremony near the northwestern Rwandan
+itCXjk_HNUo-00031-00009365-00009638 border with Zaire the weapons included
+itCXjk_HNUo-00032-00009639-00009916 to 105 millimetres howitzers one without
+itCXjk_HNUo-00033-00009917-00010141 its barrel for anti-aircraft guns and
+itCXjk_HNUo-00034-00010142-00010334 six dusty French made armored personnel
+itCXjk_HNUo-00035-00010335-00010552 carriers with flat tires and smashed
+itCXjk_HNUo-00036-00010553-00010780 windows
+itCXjk_HNUo-00037-00010781-00010957 historically the intelligence
+itCXjk_HNUo-00038-00010958-00011206 organization in the DR Congo or Zaire
+itCXjk_HNUo-00039-00011207-00011659 from 1960 to 97 was named erté Nationale
+itCXjk_HNUo-00040-00011660-00012138 a SN national security 1960 to 1970
+itCXjk_HNUo-00041-00012139-00012487 centre national de documentation C and D
+itCXjk_HNUo-00042-00012488-00012802 national documentation center 1970
+itCXjk_HNUo-00043-00012803-00013194 November 1985 a gents nationality
+itCXjk_HNUo-00044-00013195-00013450 documentation and national documentation
+itCXjk_HNUo-00045-00013451-00013854 agency November 1985 2 August 1990
+itCXjk_HNUo-00046-00013855-00014128 service national intelligence attentive
+itCXjk_HNUo-00047-00014129-00014365 protection snip national service for
+itCXjk_HNUo-00048-00014366-00014658 intelligence and protection August 1992
+itCXjk_HNUo-00049-00014659-00015055 1996 direction generale de leche arte
+itCXjk_HNUo-00050-00015056-00015625 Nationale a d GSN 1996 May 1997 topic
+itCXjk_HNUo-00051-00015626-00015862 formation and early years the ANR was
+itCXjk_HNUo-00052-00015863-00016122 created in the beginning of 1997 as
+itCXjk_HNUo-00053-00016123-00016315 intelligence service of the Alliance of
+itCXjk_HNUo-00054-00016316-00016530 democratic forces for the liberation of
+itCXjk_HNUo-00055-00016531-00016969 Congo a FDL in May 1997 the agency
+itCXjk_HNUo-00056-00016970-00017158 integrated the premises of the former
+itCXjk_HNUo-00057-00017159-00017359 service national intelligence at de
+itCXjk_HNUo-00058-00017360-00017572 protection snip which had been renamed
+itCXjk_HNUo-00059-00017573-00017778 direction generale de la shirt a
+itCXjk_HNUo-00060-00017779-00018259 Nationale a D GSN in 1996 on the 16th of
+itCXjk_HNUo-00061-00018260-00018514 April 1997 mu dima accompanied by
+itCXjk_HNUo-00062-00018515-00018753 general bare modo que palma fled the
+itCXjk_HNUo-00063-00018754-00018981 collapsing Mobutu regime flying to South
+itCXjk_HNUo-00064-00018982-00019219 Africa aboard bear modos private jet on
+itCXjk_HNUo-00065-00019220-00019546 the 13th of December 1997 three former
+itCXjk_HNUo-00066-00019547-00019809 senior Mobutu officers Admiral Mvula mu
+itCXjk_HNUo-00067-00019810-00019975 Deema accompanied by berra modo que
+itCXjk_HNUo-00068-00019976-00020239 palma and nazim b and zal were briefly
+itCXjk_HNUo-00069-00020240-00020452 detained in south africa after returning
+itCXjk_HNUo-00070-00020453-00020668 from Kemba an area still controlled by
+itCXjk_HNUo-00071-00020669-00020914 UNITA forces in awash with X faz and
+itCXjk_HNUo-00072-00020915-00021159 Hutu militiamen their arrest may have
+itCXjk_HNUo-00073-00021160-00021490 preempted a coup attempt in October 2002
+itCXjk_HNUo-00074-00021491-00021721 George Lee Tamang Gaza the chairman of
+itCXjk_HNUo-00075-00021722-00021925 ANR was sentenced to death with other
+itCXjk_HNUo-00076-00021926-00022117 persons in the course of laurent de
+itCXjk_HNUo-00077-00022118-00022396 zuray Kabila's assassination before this
+itCXjk_HNUo-00078-00022397-00022678 in 2001 the interim president joseph
+itCXjk_HNUo-00079-00022679-00022725 kabila
+itCXjk_HNUo-00080-00022726-00022933 appointed khazad-dûm way for the chair
+itCXjk_HNUo-00081-00022934-00023519 of the ANR
+itCXjk_HNUo-00082-00023520-00023780 topic management of the National
+itCXjk_HNUo-00083-00023781-00024267 Intelligence Agency
+itCXjk_HNUo-00084-00024268-00024510 the National Intelligence Agency is
+itCXjk_HNUo-00085-00024511-00024725 headed by a general manager AG frenched
+itCXjk_HNUo-00086-00024726-00024924 our duction for administrator general
+itCXjk_HNUo-00087-00024925-00025122 which directly depends on the president
+itCXjk_HNUo-00088-00025123-00025413 he has assisted in his task by a deputy
+itCXjk_HNUo-00089-00025414-00025556 general manager and senior
+itCXjk_HNUo-00090-00025557-00025824 administrators he was also under the
+itCXjk_HNUo-00091-00025825-00026021 chairmanship of Laurent Kabila right
+itCXjk_HNUo-00092-00026022-00026227 member of the State Security Committee
+itCXjk_HNUo-00093-00026228-00026543 the general manager ACT coordinates all
+itCXjk_HNUo-00094-00026544-00026690 the activities of the National
+itCXjk_HNUo-00095-00026691-00026880 Information Agency in accordance with
+itCXjk_HNUo-00096-00026881-00027302 laws and regulations as such it ensures
+itCXjk_HNUo-00097-00027303-00027407 the management of the National
+itCXjk_HNUo-00098-00027408-00027752 Intelligence Agency coordinates and
+itCXjk_HNUo-00099-00027753-00027939 controls the activities of all branches
+itCXjk_HNUo-00100-00027939-00028268 of the National Intelligence Agency give
+itCXjk_HNUo-00101-00028269-00028467 impetus to departments directorates
+itCXjk_HNUo-00102-00028468-00028725 divisions offices and stations by way of
+itCXjk_HNUo-00103-00028726-00029024 instructions inspections and controls
+itCXjk_HNUo-00104-00029025-00029301 manages the staff financial resources
+itCXjk_HNUo-00105-00029302-00029508 and the personal and real estate of the
+itCXjk_HNUo-00106-00029508-00029811 National Intelligence Agency ensures
+itCXjk_HNUo-00107-00029812-00030014 compliance with laws and regulations
+itCXjk_HNUo-00108-00030016-00030186 ethics and discipline within the
+itCXjk_HNUo-00109-00030187-00030489 National Intelligence Agency has the
+itCXjk_HNUo-00110-00030489-00030639 fullness of the Disciplinary authority
+itCXjk_HNUo-00111-00030639-00030876 over the entire National Intelligence
+itCXjk_HNUo-00112-00030877-00031190 Agency coordinates cooperation with
+itCXjk_HNUo-00113-00031191-00031508 partner services prepares the budget and
+itCXjk_HNUo-00114-00031509-00031680 manages the accounts of the national
+itCXjk_HNUo-00115-00031681-00031968 intelligence agency may reserve the
+itCXjk_HNUo-00116-00031969-00032157 treatment of certain files considered
+itCXjk_HNUo-00117-00032158-00032493 sensitive important or urgent represents
+itCXjk_HNUo-00118-00032494-00032652 and engages the national intelligence
+itCXjk_HNUo-00119-00032652-00032858 agency in its relations with the
+itCXjk_HNUo-00120-00032859-00033081 institution's services public and
+itCXjk_HNUo-00121-00033082-00033290 private agencies and third parties it
+itCXjk_HNUo-00122-00033291-00033537 shall act by decision the general
+itCXjk_HNUo-00123-00033538-00033870 manager AG has a cabinet the deputy
+itCXjk_HNUo-00124-00033871-00034068 general manager assists the general
+itCXjk_HNUo-00125-00034069-00034287 manager in coordinating all activities
+itCXjk_HNUo-00126-00034288-00034496 of the national intelligence agency in
+itCXjk_HNUo-00127-00034497-00034790 accordance with laws and regulations he
+itCXjk_HNUo-00128-00034791-00034962 assumes the interim in case of absence
+itCXjk_HNUo-00129-00034963-00035711 or incapacity of the managing director
+itCXjk_HNUo-00130-00035712-00036245 topic organization
+itCXjk_HNUo-00131-00036246-00036491 the National Intelligence Agency is
+itCXjk_HNUo-00132-00036492-00036752 organized as following the general
+itCXjk_HNUo-00133-00036753-00037187 manager the deputy general manager the
+itCXjk_HNUo-00134-00037188-00037463 department's the central and provincial
+itCXjk_HNUo-00135-00037464-00037561 directorates
+itCXjk_HNUo-00136-00037562-00037835 the stations the central and provincial
+itCXjk_HNUo-00137-00037836-00038045 directorates are divided into divisions
+itCXjk_HNUo-00138-00038046-00038315 offices branches and territorial posts
+itCXjk_HNUo-00139-00038316-00038555 as appropriate the management and the
+itCXjk_HNUo-00140-00038556-00038705 station are run by a part of the
+itCXjk_HNUo-00141-00038706-00038927 National Intelligence Agency coded at
+itCXjk_HNUo-00142-00038928-00039137 least the deputy administrator grade and
+itCXjk_HNUo-00143-00039138-00039341 named and if necessary removed from
+itCXjk_HNUo-00144-00039342-00039500 office by the President of the Republic
+itCXjk_HNUo-00145-00039501-00039751 on a proposal from the deputy head
+itCXjk_HNUo-00146-00039752-00039968 divisions and offices are headed
+itCXjk_HNUo-00147-00039969-00040166 respectively by heads of division and
+itCXjk_HNUo-00148-00040167-00040364 bureau chiefs appointed and if necessary
+itCXjk_HNUo-00149-00040365-00040607 removed from office by the President of
+itCXjk_HNUo-00150-00040608-00040778 the Republic on the proposal of the
+itCXjk_HNUo-00151-00040779-00041045 chief executive the organic part of the
+itCXjk_HNUo-00152-00041046-00041273 National Intelligence Agency including
+itCXjk_HNUo-00153-00041274-00041462 the deputy head of cabinet as fixed by
+itCXjk_HNUo-00154-00041463-00042161 decree of the President of the Republic
+itCXjk_HNUo-00155-00042162-00042770 topic structure of the ANR
+itCXjk_HNUo-00156-00042771-00043223 the ANR has 11,000 931 employees and is
+itCXjk_HNUo-00157-00043224-00043390 organized into three departments
+itCXjk_HNUo-00158-00043391-00043640 subdivided into directorates divisions
+itCXjk_HNUo-00159-00043641-00043946 sections and offices each department has
+itCXjk_HNUo-00160-00043947-00044206 at its head a principal administrator PA
+itCXjk_HNUo-00161-00044207-00044531 it has a budget of 31 billion six
+itCXjk_HNUo-00162-00044532-00044702 hundred eighty four million five hundred
+itCXjk_HNUo-00163-00044703-00044999 twelve Frank Kangol a Tildy us 34
+itCXjk_HNUo-00164-00045000-00045212 million two hundred fifty two thousand
+itCXjk_HNUo-00165-00045213-00045389 nine hundred seventy three dollars in
+itCXjk_HNUo-00166-00045390-00045716 2015 the department for external
+itCXjk_HNUo-00167-00045717-00046046 security ANR DSE is responsible for
+itCXjk_HNUo-00168-00046047-00046322 foreign intelligence Directorate of
+itCXjk_HNUo-00169-00046323-00046622 operations and planning Directorate of
+itCXjk_HNUo-00170-00046623-00046904 actions Directorate of research and
+itCXjk_HNUo-00171-00046905-00047165 studies technical director at the
+itCXjk_HNUo-00172-00047166-00047390 Department of Homeland Security a and
+itCXjk_HNUo-00173-00047391-00047657 art DSi is responsible for internal
+itCXjk_HNUo-00174-00047658-00047873 intelligence and state security and is
+itCXjk_HNUo-00175-00047874-00048056 working with the relevant prosecution
+itCXjk_HNUo-00176-00048057-00048260 services and the National Police the
+itCXjk_HNUo-00177-00048261-00048443 department is organized in provincial
+itCXjk_HNUo-00178-00048444-00048620 directorates and specialized departments
+itCXjk_HNUo-00179-00048621-00048869 like the Special Branch investigations
+itCXjk_HNUo-00180-00048870-00049145 and research dsi our unit suspected of
+itCXjk_HNUo-00181-00049146-00049283 involvement in the arrests of
+itCXjk_HNUo-00182-00049284-00049549 journalists and opposition politiques
+itCXjk_HNUo-00183-00049550-00049825 directorate of general intelligence
+itCXjk_HNUo-00184-00049826-00050174 directorate of operations directorate of
+itCXjk_HNUo-00185-00050175-00050441 counterintelligence directorate of
+itCXjk_HNUo-00186-00050442-00050706 studies and research the
+itCXjk_HNUo-00187-00050707-00051065 of identification technical Directorate
+itCXjk_HNUo-00188-00051066-00051279 Directorate of investigations the
+itCXjk_HNUo-00189-00051279-00051590 support department ANR da is the general
+itCXjk_HNUo-00190-00051591-00051779 services of the ANR and is mainly
+itCXjk_HNUo-00191-00051780-00051969 responsible for logistic support
+itCXjk_HNUo-00192-00051970-00052321 services devolved in the provinces
+itCXjk_HNUo-00193-00052322-00052671 Directorate of general services medical
+itCXjk_HNUo-00194-00052672-00052974 Directorate Academy of information and
+itCXjk_HNUo-00195-00052975-00053330 security telecommunications informatics
+itCXjk_HNUo-00196-00053332-00053975 and documentation Center
+itCXjk_HNUo-00197-00053976-00054588 topic list of general managers
+itCXjk_HNUo-00198-00054589-00055044 one victor nandaka Becca 1960 to 1965
+itCXjk_HNUo-00199-00055045-00055353 shirt a national a to Colonel Alexander
+itCXjk_HNUo-00200-00055354-00055710 Singha boy and a motion by E 1965 to
+itCXjk_HNUo-00201-00055711-00056213 1969 shirt a nationally three lieutenant
+itCXjk_HNUo-00202-00056214-00056571 colonel Pierre fo Mia Komi 1969 shirt a
+itCXjk_HNUo-00203-00056572-00057090 nationally for Colonel Albert to zu 1970
+itCXjk_HNUo-00204-00057091-00057701 C and D 5 Colonel Raymond Amba MP e 1971
+itCXjk_HNUo-00205-00057702-00058130 to 1973 C and D DDI Edouard McCullough
+itCXjk_HNUo-00206-00058132-00058874 wah M Pombo 1971 to 1976 C and D DD e6
+itCXjk_HNUo-00207-00058875-00059472 Jean said he Yale 1973 to 1976 C and D D
+itCXjk_HNUo-00208-00059473-00060110 D I 1976 to 1979 C and D D D I D de 7
+itCXjk_HNUo-00209-00060111-00060528 Edouard McCullough wah M pombo 1979 to
+itCXjk_HNUo-00210-00060529-00061071 1985 C and D 8 honoré and g banda and
+itCXjk_HNUo-00211-00061072-00061559 Zambo co @ tomba 1985 to 1990 a ND 9
+itCXjk_HNUo-00212-00061560-00062013 general equally a bolongo 1990 to 1992 s
+itCXjk_HNUo-00213-00062014-00062565 ni p10 admiral Mvula mu dima 1992 1993 s
+itCXjk_HNUo-00214-00062566-00063138 ni p 11 go to WA Dondo 1993 to 1995 s ni
+itCXjk_HNUo-00215-00063139-00063636 p12 Jacques sham Bombo mucuna 1996 1997
+itCXjk_HNUo-00216-00063637-00064253 d GS n 13 Paul Kabongo musasa 1997 a NR
+itCXjk_HNUo-00217-00064254-00064979 14 Clement Cabinda 1997 a NR 15 Severn
+itCXjk_HNUo-00218-00064980-00065598 cob way 1997 to 2001 a and are 16 Didier
+itCXjk_HNUo-00219-00065599-00066269 Kazan d9 way 2001 to 2003 a NR 17 Lane
+itCXjk_HNUo-00220-00066270-00066587 lura cumbia wa 2003 to 2006
+itCXjk_HNUo-00221-00066588-00067157 ANR 18 Mira nd joke cumin Jenga 2006
+itCXjk_HNUo-00222-00067158-00067765 2007 ANR 19 John Pierre Darwin mccumbee
+itCXjk_HNUo-00223-00067766-00067964 2007 to 2011
+itCXjk_HNUo-00224-00067965-00068366 ANR 20 Kalev mutant
+itCXjk_HNUo-00225-00068367-00068961 2011-present ANR
+itCXjk_HNUo-00226-00068962-00069538 topic notes and references
+itCXjk_HNUo-00227-00069539-00069745 you
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00000-00000057-00000443 Kolkata Bengali Kolkata listen also
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00001-00000444-00000692 known as Calcutta the official name
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00002-00000693-00000994 until 2001 is the capital of the Indian
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00003-00000996-00001333 state of West Bengal according to the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00004-00001334-00001636 2011 Indian census it is the seventh
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00005-00001637-00001877 most populous city the city had a
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00006-00001878-00002168 population of 4.5 million while the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00007-00002169-00002429 suburb population brought the total to
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00008-00002430-00002699 14 point 1 million making it the third
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00009-00002700-00003004 most populous metropolitan area in India
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00010-00003005-00003308 Kolkata megalopolis is the area
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00011-00003309-00003565 surrounding Kolkata metropolitan city
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00012-00003567-00003911 with additional population located on
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00013-00003911-00004081 the east bank of the Huli River
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00014-00004082-00004388 approximately 80 kilometres 50 miles
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00015-00004389-00004664 west of the border with Bangladesh it is
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00016-00004665-00004904 the principal commercial cultural and
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00017-00004905-00005162 educational center of East India while
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00018-00005163-00005405 the port of Kolkata is India's oldest
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00019-00005406-00005603 operating port and its sole major
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00020-00005604-00005918 riverine port the city is widely
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00021-00005919-00006238 regarded as the cultural capital of
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00022-00006239-00006614 India and is also nicknamed the city of
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00023-00006615-00006941 joy recent estimates of Kolkata
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00024-00006942-00007214 metropolitan areas economy have ranged
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00025-00007215-00007643 from $60 to 150 billion dollars GDP
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00026-00007644-00007880 adjusted for purchasing power parity
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00027-00007881-00008093 making it third most productive
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00028-00008094-00008378 metropolitan area in India after Mumbai
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00029-00008379-00008678 and Delhi in the late 17th century the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00030-00008679-00008903 three villagers that predated Calcutta
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00031-00008904-00009134 were ruled by the Nawab of Bengal under
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00032-00009135-00009431 Mughal suzerainty after the nawab
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00033-00009432-00009689 granted the East India Company a trading
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00034-00009690-00010001 license in 1690 the area was developed
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00035-00010002-00010196 by the company into an increasingly
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00036-00010197-00010409 fortified trading post
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00037-00010410-00010820 now surah Judy dollar occupied Calcutta
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00038-00010821-00011174 in 1756 and the East India Company
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00039-00011175-00011576 retook it the following year in 1793 the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00040-00011577-00011824 East India Company was strong enough to
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00041-00011825-00012119 abolish Nizam at local rule and assumed
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00042-00012120-00012428 full sovereignty of the region under the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00043-00012429-00012662 company rule and later under the British
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00044-00012663-00012922 Raj Calcutta served as the capital of
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00045-00012923-00013169 British held territories in India until
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00046-00013169-00013415 1911 when it's perceived G
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00047-00013416-00013652 graphical disadvantages combined with
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00048-00013653-00013897 growing nationalism in Bengal led to a
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00049-00013899-00014116 shift of the capital to New Delhi
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00050-00014116-00014416 Calcutta was the center for the Indian
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00051-00014418-00014654 independence movement it remains a
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00052-00014655-00014926 hotbed of contemporary state politics
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00053-00014927-00015326 following Indian independence in 1947
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00054-00015327-00015599 Kolkata which was once the center of
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00055-00015600-00015911 modern Indian education science culture
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00056-00015912-00016193 and politics suffered several decades of
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00057-00016194-00016586 economic stagnation as a nucleus of the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00058-00016587-00016874 19th and early 20th century Bengal
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00059-00016875-00017069 Renaissance in a religiously and
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00060-00017070-00017321 ethnically diverse center of culture in
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00061-00017322-00017582 Bengal in India Kolkata has local
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00062-00017583-00017936 traditions in drama art film theatre and
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00063-00017937-00018277 literature many people from Kolkata
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00064-00018278-00018635 among him several Nobel laureates have
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00065-00018636-00018914 contributed to the arts the sciences and
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00066-00018915-00019288 other areas Kolkata culture features
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00067-00019289-00019460 idiosyncrasies that include
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00068-00019461-00019679 distinctively close-knit neighborhoods
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00069-00019680-00019937 Paras and freestyle intellectual
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00070-00019938-00020294 exchanges a de West Bengal's share of
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00071-00020295-00020546 the Bengali film industry is based in
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00072-00020547-00020792 the city which also hosts venerable
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00073-00020793-00020962 cultural institutions of national
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00074-00020963-00021248 importance such as the Academy of Fine
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00075-00021249-00021560 Arts the Victoria Memorial the Asiatic
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00076-00021561-00021803 Society the Indian Museum and the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00077-00021804-00022079 National Library of India among
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00078-00022080-00022328 professional scientific institutions
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00079-00022329-00022619 Kolkata hosts the agry horticultural
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00080-00022620-00022853 society of india the Geological Survey
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00081-00022854-00023126 of India the Botanical Survey of India
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00082-00023127-00023444 the Calcutta mathematical Society the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00083-00023445-00023732 Indian Science Congress Association the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00084-00023733-00023944 zoological Survey of India the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00085-00023945-00024143 institution of Engineers the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00086-00024144-00024371 anthropological Survey of India and the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00087-00024372-00024626 Indian Public Health Association though
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00088-00024627-00024836 home to major cricketing venues and
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00089-00024837-00025082 franchises Kolkata differs from other
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00090-00025083-00025372 Indian cities by focusing on association
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00091-00025373-00026057 football and other sports
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00092-00026058-00026844 topic etymology the word Kolkata derives
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00093-00026845-00027170 from Kolkata Bengali Kalakaar Turk Lee
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00094-00027172-00027377 cat at the van gaal II name of one of
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00095-00027379-00027627 three villages that predated the arrival
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00096-00027627-00027833 of the British in the area where the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00097-00027835-00028062 city was eventually established the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00098-00028063-00028289 other two villages were Suton Ooty and
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00099-00028291-00028473 govinda poor there are several
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00100-00028474-00028707 explanations for the etymology of this
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00101-00028708-00029025 name collar Carter is thought to be a
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00102-00029026-00029280 variation of Calicut row kalakeya
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00103-00029281-00029643 bengali calyx 8 remaining field of the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00104-00029644-00030006 goddess kali similarly it can be a
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00105-00030007-00030282 variation of calico Chaitra sanskrit
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00106-00030283-00030764 calyx 8 roulette area of goddess Kali
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00107-00030766-00030987 another theory is that the name derives
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00108-00030988-00031433 from Kalighat alternatively the name may
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00109-00031435-00031662 have been derived from the Bengali term
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00110-00031663-00031968 kill killer Bengali kilakila or flat
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00111-00031969-00032382 area the name may have its origin in the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00112-00032383-00032718 words Karl KL Bengali Carla meaning
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00113-00032719-00033153 canal followed by cat ah cat ah Bengali
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00114-00033154-00033521 cat Oh which may mean dug
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00115-00033522-00033782 according to another theory the area
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00116-00033783-00033995 specialized in the production of quick
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00117-00033996-00034262 lime or Coley churn Clinton Bengali
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00118-00034263-00034553 Carly Cunha and Koya or cat a cat a
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00119-00034554-00034817 Bengali cutter hence it was called
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00120-00034818-00035033 collar Carter click at a Bengali
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00121-00035034-00035294 calacatta although the city's name has
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00122-00035295-00035525 always been pronounced kolkata kolkata
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00123-00035526-00035882 bengali calico or collar cart applicator
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00124-00035883-00036173 Bengali calacatta in Bengali the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00125-00036174-00036392 anglicized form calcutta was the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00126-00036393-00036683 official name until 2001 when it was
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00127-00036684-00036905 changed to Kolkata in order to match
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00128-00036906-00037614 Bengali pronunciation
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00129-00037615-00038304 topic history the discovery and
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00130-00038305-00038565 archaeological study of Chandrika toga
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00131-00038566-00038987 35 kilometres 22 miles north of Kolkata
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00132-00038988-00039221 provide evidence that the region in
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00133-00039222-00039432 which the city stands has been inhabited
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00134-00039433-00039759 for over two millennia coal katas
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00135-00039760-00040086 recorded history began in 1690 with the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00136-00040087-00040257 arrival of the English East India
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00137-00040258-00040515 Company which was consolidating its
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00138-00040516-00040899 trade business in Bengal job charnok an
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00139-00040900-00041096 administrator who worked for the company
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00140-00041097-00041370 was formally credited as the founder of
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00141-00041371-00041580 the city in response to a public
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00142-00041581-00041852 petition the Calcutta High Court ruled
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00143-00041853-00042137 in 2003 that the city does not have a
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00144-00042138-00042446 founder the area occupied by the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00145-00042447-00042665 present-day city encompassed three
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00146-00042666-00042957 villages cala cotta govinda poor and
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00147-00042958-00043293 Sutan Ooty cala cotta was a fishing
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00148-00043294-00043352 village
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00149-00043353-00043605 Suton Ooty was a Riverside Weaver's
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00150-00043606-00043890 village they were part of an estate
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00151-00043891-00044090 belonging to the Mughal emperor the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00152-00044091-00044358 jagged re a land grant bestowed by a
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00153-00044359-00044649 King on his noblemen taxation rights to
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00154-00044650-00044844 the villages were held by the Savannah
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00155-00044845-00045123 Roy Chowdhury family of landowners forza
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00156-00045124-00045429 mendes these rights were transferred to
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00157-00045430-00046002 the East India Company in 1698 in 1712
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00158-00046003-00046194 the British completed the construction
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00159-00046195-00046493 of Fort William located on the east bank
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00160-00046494-00046749 of the holy river to protect the trading
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00161-00046750-00047102 Factory facing frequent skirmishes with
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00162-00047103-00047325 French forces the British began to
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00163-00047326-00047717 upgrade the fortifications in 1756 the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00164-00047718-00048075 now of a Bengal siraj UD dollar
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00165-00048076-00048327 condemned the militarization and tax
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00166-00048328-00048671 evasion by the company his warning went
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00167-00048672-00048927 unheeded and the now have attacked he
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00168-00048928-00049146 captured Fort William which led to the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00169-00049147-00049374 killings of several East India Company
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00170-00049375-00049542 officials in the black hole of Calcutta
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00171-00049543-00049962 a force of company soldiers see poised
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00172-00049963-00050214 and British troops led by Robert Clive
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00173-00050215-00050450 recaptured the city the following year
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00174-00050451-00050811 for the 1765 Treaty of Allahabad
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00175-00050812-00051002 following the Battle of buck
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00176-00051003-00051237 East India Company was appointed
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00177-00051238-00051464 Imperial tax collector of the Mughal
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00178-00051465-00051692 emperor in the province of Bengal Bihar
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00179-00051694-00051983 and ERISA while mughal appointed Nawabs
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00180-00051984-00052316 continued to rule the province declared
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00181-00052317-00052601 a presidency City Calcutta became the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00182-00052602-00052775 headquarters of the East India Company
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00183-00052776-00053397 by 1773 in 1793 ruling power of the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00184-00053398-00053625 Naaru labs were abolished and East India
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00185-00053626-00053853 Company took complete control of the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00186-00053854-00054198 city in the province in the early 19th
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00187-00054199-00054455 century the marshes surrounding the city
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00188-00054456-00054675 were drained the government area was
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00189-00054676-00054873 laid out along the banks of the Huli
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00190-00054874-00055179 River Richard Wellesley governor-general
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00191-00055179-00055388 of the presidency of Fort William
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00192-00055389-00055809 between 1797 and 1805 was largely
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00193-00055810-00056030 responsible for the development of the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00194-00056031-00056249 city and its public architecture
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00195-00056250-00056506 throughout the late 18th and 19th
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00196-00056507-00056790 century the city was a centre of the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00197-00056791-00057191 East India Company's opium trade by the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00198-00057191-00057587 1850s Calcutta had two areas white town
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00199-00057588-00057842 which was primarily British and centered
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00200-00057844-00058091 on chowing ghee in Dalhousie Square and
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00201-00058092-00058362 black town mainly Indian and centered on
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00202-00058363-00058706 North Calcutta the city underwent rapid
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00203-00058707-00058943 industrial growth starting in the early
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00204-00058944-00059282 1850s especially in the textile and jute
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00205-00059283-00059507 industries this encouraged British
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00206-00059508-00059715 companies to massively invest in
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00207-00059716-00059966 infrastructure projects which included
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00208-00059967-00060210 Telegraph connections and how a railway
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00209-00060211-00060542 station the coalescence of British and
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00210-00060544-00060794 Indian culture resulted in the emergence
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00211-00060795-00061050 of a new bamboo class of urbane Indians
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00212-00061051-00061284 whose members were often bureaucrats
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00213-00061285-00061556 professionals newspaper readers and
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00214-00061557-00061781 angler files they usually belong to
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00215-00061782-00062126 upper caste Hindoo communities in the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00216-00062127-00062361 19th century the Bengal Renaissance
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00217-00062362-00062610 brought about an increased socio
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00218-00062611-00062835 cultural sophistication among city
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00219-00062836-00063303 denizens in 1883 Calcutta was host to
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00220-00063304-00063498 the first National Conference of the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00221-00063499-00063788 Indian National Association the first of
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00222-00063789-00064079 out nationalist organization in India
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00223-00064079-00064395 the partition of Bengal in 90
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00224-00064396-00064662 five along religious lines led to mass
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00225-00064663-00064911 protests making calcutta a less
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00226-00064912-00065214 hospitable place for the british the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00227-00065215-00065537 capital was moved to new delhi in 1911
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00228-00065538-00065820 calcutta continued to be a center for
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00229-00065821-00066096 revolutionary organizations associated
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00230-00066097-00066326 with the indian independence movement
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00231-00066327-00066636 the city in its port were bombed several
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00232-00066637-00067001 times by the Japanese between 1942 and
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00233-00067002-00067365 1944 during world war ii coinciding with
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00234-00067366-00067614 the war millions starved to death during
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00235-00067615-00067938 the Bengal famine of 1943 due to a
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00236-00067939-00068190 combination of military administrative
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00237-00068191-00068523 and natural factors demands for the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00238-00068524-00068868 creation of a Muslim state led in 1946
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00239-00068869-00069117 to an episode of communal violence that
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00240-00069118-00069477 killed over 4,000 the partition of India
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00241-00069478-00069717 led to further clashes in a demographic
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00242-00069718-00070029 shift many Muslims left for East
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00243-00070030-00070323 Pakistan present-day Bangladesh while
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00244-00070324-00070557 hundreds of thousands of Hindus fled
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00245-00070558-00070848 into the city during the 1960's and
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00246-00070849-00071223 1970's severe power shortages strikes
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00247-00071224-00071526 and a violent Marxist Maoist movement by
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00248-00071527-00071757 groups known as the Naxalites damaged
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00249-00071758-00071925 much of the city's infrastructure
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00250-00071926-00072276 resulting in economic stagnation the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00251-00072277-00072657 Bangladesh Liberation war of 1971 led to
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00252-00072658-00072852 a massive influx of thousands of
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00253-00072853-00073113 refugees many of them penniless that
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00254-00073114-00073349 strained Calcutta's infrastructure
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00255-00073350-00073752 during the mid-1980s Mumbai then called
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00256-00073753-00074037 Bombay overtook Kolkata as India's most
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00257-00074038-00074490 populous city in 1985 Prime Minister
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00258-00074491-00074796 Rajiv Gandhi dubbed coal Katara dying
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00259-00074797-00075132 city in light of its socio-political
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00260-00075133-00075618 woes in the period 1977 to 2011 West
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00261-00075619-00075864 Bengal was governed from Kolkata by the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00262-00075865-00076101 Left Front which was dominated by the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00263-00076102-00076503 Communist Party of India CPM it was the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00264-00076504-00076740 world's longest-serving democratically
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00265-00076741-00076947 elected communist government during
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00266-00076948-00077211 which Kolkata was a key base for Indian
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00267-00077212-00077571 communism in the 2011 West Bengal
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00268-00077572-00077757 Legislative Assembly election
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00269-00077758-00078015 left-front was defeated by the Trinamool
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00270-00078016-00078366 Congress the city's economic recovery
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00271-00078367-00078666 gathered momentum after the 1990s when
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00272-00078667-00078891 India began to institute pro-market
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00273-00078892-00079317 reforms since 2000 the information
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00274-00079318-00079449 technology it
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00275-00079450-00079728 services sector has revitalized Kolkata
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00276-00079729-00080063 stagnant economy the city is also
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00277-00080064-00080274 experiencing marked growth in its
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00278-00080275-00080919 manufacturing base
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00279-00080920-00081501 topic geography
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00280-00081502-00081741 spread roughly north-south along the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00281-00081742-00082029 east bank of the Huli River Kolkata sits
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00282-00082030-00082275 within the Lower Ganges Delta of eastern
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00283-00082276-00082653 India approximately 75 kilometres 47
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00284-00082654-00082875 miles west of the international border
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00285-00082876-00083154 with Bangladesh the city's elevation is
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00286-00083155-00083673 1.5 to 9 meters 5 to 30 feet much of the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00287-00083674-00083894 city was originally a wetland that was
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00288-00083895-00084072 reclaimed over the decades to
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00289-00084073-00084390 accommodate a burgeoning population the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00290-00084391-00084644 remaining undeveloped areas known as the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00291-00084645-00084915 East Kolkata wetlands were designated a
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00292-00084916-00085296 wetland of international importance by
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00293-00085297-00085698 the rams our convention 1975 as with
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00294-00085699-00085988 most of the indo-gangetic plain the soil
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00295-00085989-00086219 and water are predominantly alluvial in
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00296-00086220-00086574 origin kolkata is located over the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00297-00086575-00086916 bengal Basin the Perique Ratanak
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00298-00086917-00087255 tertiary Basin Bengal Basin comprises
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00299-00087256-00087561 three structural units shelf or platform
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00300-00087562-00087861 in the west central hinge or shelf slope
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00301-00087862-00088119 break and deep Basin apart in the east
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00302-00088120-00088518 and southeast Kolkata is located atop
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00303-00088519-00088751 the western part of the hinge zone which
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00304-00088752-00089163 is about 25 kilometres 16 miles wide at
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00305-00089164-00089598 a depth of about 45,000 metres 148
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00306-00089599-00089931 thousand feet below the surface the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00307-00089932-00090171 shelf and hinge zones have many faults
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00308-00090172-00090531 among em summer active total thickness
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00309-00090532-00090788 of sediment below Kolkata is nearly
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00310-00090789-00091350 7,500 meters 20 4,600 feet above the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00311-00091351-00091628 crystalline basement of these the top
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00312-00091629-00092456 350 to 450 meters 1152 1480 feet is
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00313-00092457-00093006 quaternary followed by 4500 to 5,500
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00314-00093007-00093543 metres 14,000 760 to 18,000 and 40 feet
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00315-00093544-00094097 of tertiary sediments 500 to 700 metres
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00316-00094098-00094509 1640 to 2300 feet trap wash of
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00317-00094510-00094990 Cretaceous trap and 600 to 800 meters
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00318-00094991-00095525 1972 2,620 feat Permian Carboniferous
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00319-00095526-00095891 Gondwana rocks the quaternary sediments
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00320-00095892-00096182 consist of clay silt and several grades
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00321-00096183-00096509 of sand and gravel these sediments are
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00322-00096510-00096749 sandwiched between two play beds the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00323-00096750-00097139 lower one at a depth of 250 to 650
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00324-00097140-00097757 meters 822 mm 130 feet the upper one 10
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00325-00097758-00098260 to 40 meters 30 to 130 feet in thickness
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00326-00098261-00098483 according to the Bureau of Indian
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00327-00098484-00098786 Standards on a scale ranging from I to V
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00328-00098787-00099041 in order of increasing susceptibility to
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00329-00099042-00099335 earthquakes the city lies inside seismic
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00330-00099336-00099912 zone 3
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00331-00099913-00100592 topic urban structure the Kolkata
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00332-00100593-00101070 metropolitan area is spread over 1886
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00333-00101071-00101472 point six seven square kilometers 728
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00334-00101473-00101724 point four five square miles and
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00335-00101725-00102003 comprises four Municipal Corporation's
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00336-00102004-00102330 Kolkata Municipal Corporation viven ago
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00337-00102331-00102611 Municipal Corporation Power Municipal
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00338-00102613-00102870 Corporation and chandernagore Municipal
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00339-00102871-00103268 Corporation 37 local municipalities vali
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00340-00103269-00103497 municipality is merged with Howard
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00341-00103498-00103731 Municipal Corporation and Rajah hat
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00342-00103732-00103998 Gopal core municipality is merged with
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00343-00103999-00104289 vinegar Municipal Corporation so total
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00344-00104290-00104609 number of municipalities become 37 from
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00345-00104610-00105086 39 and 24 panchayat Samiti s the urban
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00346-00105088-00105452 agglomeration encompassed 72 cities and
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00347-00105453-00105956 527 towns and villages as of 2006
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00348-00105957-00106186 suburban areas in the Kolkata
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00349-00106188-00106476 metropolitan area incorporate parts of
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00350-00106477-00106713 the following districts north 24
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00351-00106714-00107169 parganas south 24 parganas power Cooley
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00352-00107170-00107514 and Nadia Kolkata which is under the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00353-00107515-00107741 jurisdiction of the Kolkata Municipal
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00354-00107742-00108168 Corporation KMC has an area of 205
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00355-00108169-00108608 square kilometers 79 square miles the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00356-00108609-00108831 east-west dimension of the city is
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00357-00108832-00109074 comparatively narrow stretching from the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00358-00109075-00109290 Huli River in the West to roughly the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00359-00109291-00109557 east and metropolitan bypass in the East
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00360-00109558-00109806 but a span of nine to ten kilometers
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00361-00109807-00110271 five point six 26.2 miles the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00362-00110272-00110544 north/south distance is greater and its
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00363-00110545-00110775 axis is used to section the city into
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00364-00110776-00111132 North Central and South Kolkata East
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00365-00111133-00111789 Kolkata is also a section
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00366-00111790-00112340 topic north Kolkata
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00367-00112341-00112644 north Kolkata is the oldest part of the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00368-00112645-00112979 city characterized by 19th century
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00369-00112980-00113251 architecture dilapidated buildings
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00370-00113252-00113558 overpopulated slums crowded bazaars and
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00371-00113559-00113831 narrow alleyways it includes areas such
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00372-00113832-00114089 as Shyam bazaar Hattie bagging manic
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00373-00114090-00114272 Tala kanka Gucci
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00374-00114273-00114572 Raja bazaar Shobha bazaar Shyam puka
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00375-00114573-00114659 Tala
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00376-00114660-00115001 so Noguchi Puma tule bag bazaar Jorah
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00377-00115002-00115145 bagan poster
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00378-00115146-00115431 Joris anko fool bagging altered anger
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00379-00115432-00115784 chip / / Faria garter cosas por belgae
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00380-00115785-00116162 Jia cynthy the northern suburban areas
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00381-00116163-00116438 like Bera Nagar Durga Nagar Noah para
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00382-00116439-00116765 Dunlop dick shines war Laketown Nagar
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00383-00116766-00116840 bazaar
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00384-00116841-00117185 dumb dumb Bell gorya Bharati kumahachi
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00385-00117186-00117618 Agra para Panna hearty so / suka Goler
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00386-00117619-00117950 cada Mubarak poor Madge Ambrym read a
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00387-00117951-00118241 poor Barasat tight Agha barrack poor
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00388-00118242-00118625 palter Jamnagar bat para jagat doll nie
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00389-00118626-00119006 hearty Halas AHA contra para Kalyani and
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00390-00119007-00119213 Gaius burro also within the city of
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00391-00119214-00119959 Kolkata as a metropolitan structure
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00392-00119960-00120533 topic central Kolkata
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00393-00120534-00120827 central Kolkata hosts the central
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00394-00120828-00120962 business district
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00395-00120963-00121286 it contains BB debug formerly known as
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00396-00121288-00121548 Dalhousie square and the Esplanade on
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00397-00121549-00121613 its East
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00398-00121614-00121944 strand road is on its west the west
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00399-00121945-00122225 bengal secretariat general post office
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00400-00122226-00122558 Reserve Bank of India High Court lull
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00401-00122559-00122804 Bazaar police headquarters and several
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00402-00122805-00123029 other government and private offices are
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00403-00123030-00123345 located there another business hub is
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00404-00123346-00123582 the area south of park street which
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00405-00123583-00123824 comprises thoroughfares such as charring
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00406-00123825-00124107 ghee hammock Street Wood Street Loudon
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00407-00124108-00124334 Street Shakespeare surrani and a
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00408-00124335-00124746 j.c.bose Road the Maidan is a large open
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00409-00124747-00124956 field in the heart of the city that has
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00410-00124957-00125266 been called the lungs of Kolkata and
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00411-00125267-00125547 accommodates sporting events and public
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00412-00125548-00125837 meetings the Victoria Memorial and
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00413-00125838-00126077 Kolkata racecourse are located at the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00414-00126078-00126324 southern end of the Maidan other
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00415-00126325-00126578 important areas of central coal Katara
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00416-00126579-00126897 Park circus seal de belly Agharta
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00417-00126898-00127208 College Street seal de burrow bazaar bow
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00418-00127209-00127499 bizarre tall taller Jan Bazaar and tally
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00419-00127500-00127814 Chandni Chowk lull bazaar Chao engi
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00420-00127815-00128159 dharma Tala rabindra sadden Elgin Road
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00421-00128160-00128426 Torretta bazaar bo barracks babba ghat
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00422-00128427-00128840 Princip guards hastings etc another
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00423-00128841-00129096 important park is Millennium Park on
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00424-00129097-00129449 Strand Road beside the Huli River Fort
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00425-00129450-00129708 William on the western part of the city
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00426-00129708-00129935 besides Maidan houses the headquarters
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00427-00129936-00130182 of the Eastern Command of the Indian
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00428-00130183-00130707 Army
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00429-00130708-00131381 topic South Kolkata South Kolkata
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00430-00131382-00131646 developed mainly after India gained
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00431-00131647-00132038 independence in the year 1947 it
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00432-00132039-00132272 includes upscale neighborhoods such as
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00433-00132273-00132635 Bali gunge Alipore new Alipore Lansdowne
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00434-00132636-00133013 Bao any poor Hazra Kalighat Garrett
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00435-00133014-00133349 Chari market Shetler Jodhpur Park Lake
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00436-00133350-00133535 Gardens South City
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00437-00133536-00133922 Jadhav Pau de Korea and Tollygunge other
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00438-00133923-00134234 developed areas of South Kolkata include
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00439-00134235-00134534 golf green kazoo Nagar pas de Naga
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00440-00134535-00134888 Vikram gar be Tiger Regent estate ran a
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00441-00134889-00135059 kuthi region park
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00442-00135060-00135459 Netaji Nagar vans droney budget nak Tala
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00443-00135460-00135834 Darya Ramgarh raipur Brahma poor waha
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00444-00135835-00136206 hearten calico poor casbah pal - nandi
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00445-00136207-00136550 began Santosh ball golfer para dev poor
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00446-00136551-00136872 Tara Tolliver Halle sarsen er the richer
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00447-00136873-00137147 and parnership Ali outlined developing
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00448-00137148-00137319 areas include what guns
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00449-00137320-00137651 Kadir / Iqbal poor majeure hat Bar Tala
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00450-00137652-00138021 vnr colony mettier brutes Raja bagan
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00451-00138022-00138359 garden reach in buda Tala the southern
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00452-00138360-00138629 suburban neighborhoods of Borel Mahamaya
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00453-00138630-00138779 Tala Pratap Garh
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00454-00138780-00139124 Kemal Ghazi Narendra poor Raj person are
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00455-00139125-00139458 poor Hara Navi Subhash chram Malik poor
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00456-00139459-00139778 very poor Accra Mahesh dalla Thakur
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00457-00139779-00140147 pakore joker Botanica gungi budge budge
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00458-00140148-00140387 and / Johnny are also within the city of
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00459-00140388-00140626 Kolkata as metropolitan urban
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00460-00140627-00141250 agglomeration area
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00461-00141251-00141961 topic East Kolkata East Kolkata is
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00462-00141962-00142191 largely composed of newly developed
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00463-00142192-00142411 areas and neighborhoods of salt lake
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00464-00142412-00142813 Raja Hat Bhagwati Tech Horia hi Carly
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00465-00142814-00143143 picnic garden Ananda poor murdered aha
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00466-00143144-00143482 calico poor survey Park East Raja poor
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00467-00143483-00143722 nandan Kannan purple lock
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00468-00143723-00144018 Mukunda poor adjoin Agra Hiland Park
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00469-00144019-00144469 area patchouli Buddha hat nya bad nugara
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00470-00144470-00144787 etc it also includes underdeveloped
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00471-00144788-00145153 areas like Kester poor Patti ara tangra
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00472-00145154-00145453 darpur luta pinch a no gram chal baaga
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00473-00145454-00145882 ban Tala VIP Nagar etc some suburban
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00474-00145883-00146143 neighborhoods like model town pinched
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00475-00146144-00146458 pata techno City dental barrier also
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00476-00146459-00146674 within the city of Kolkata as
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00477-00146675-00147064 metropolitan urban agglomeration area -
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00478-00147065-00147319 planned townships in the greater Kolkata
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00479-00147320-00147589 region of vinegar also known as salt
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00480-00147590-00147832 lake city or just salt lake located
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00481-00147833-00148114 northeast of the city and new town a
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00482-00148115-00148381 part of Raja Hat sighted east of Salt
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00483-00148382-00148819 Lake in the 2000s sector V in salt lake
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00484-00148820-00149044 developed into a business hub for
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00485-00149045-00149226 information technology in
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00486-00149227-00149560 telecommunication companies salt lake
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00487-00149561-00149938 kes top or baggy hearty tech horrea Kai
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00488-00149939-00149989 Kani
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00489-00149990-00150279 Hattie are parts of Raja hat are under
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00490-00150280-00150523 vinegar Municipal Corporation and new
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00491-00150524-00150753 town is under West Bengal housing
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00492-00150754-00151032 infrastructure development corporation
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00493-00151033-00151363 Central Park in salt lake and eco park
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00494-00151364-00151624 in new town are two famous parks of East
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00495-00151625-00152207 Kolkata
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00496-00152208-00152743 topic climate
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00497-00152744-00153040 Kolkata is subject to a tropical wet and
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00498-00153041-00153316 dry climate that is designated or under
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00499-00153317-00153558 the köppen climate classification
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00500-00153559-00153793 according to a United Nations
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00501-00153794-00154051 Development Programme report its wind
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00502-00154052-00154354 and cyclone zone is very high damage
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00503-00154355-00154911 risk
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00504-00154912-00155559 topic temperature the annual mean
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00505-00155560-00155850 temperature is 26 point 8 degrees
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00506-00155851-00156153 Celsius 80 point 2 degrees Fahrenheit
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00507-00156154-00156471 monthly mean temperatures are 19 to 30
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00508-00156472-00156837 degrees Celsius 66 to 86 degrees
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00509-00156838-00156965 Fahrenheit
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00510-00156966-00157293 summers March to June are hot and humid
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00511-00157294-00157571 with temperatures in the low 30s Celsius
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00512-00157572-00157908 during dry spells maximum temperatures
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00513-00157909-00158271 often exceed 40 degrees Celsius 104
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00514-00158272-00158549 degrees Fahrenheit in May and June
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00515-00158550-00158844 winter lasts for roughly two and a half
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00516-00158845-00159117 months with seasonal lows dipping to 9
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00517-00159118-00159525 11 degrees c 48 to 52 degrees fahrenheit
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00518-00159526-00159858 in December and January May is the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00519-00159859-00160089 hottest month with daily temperatures
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00520-00160090-00160551 ranging from 27 to 37 degrees celcius 81
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00521-00160552-00160905 to 99 degrees Fahrenheit January the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00522-00160906-00161163 coldest month has temperatures varying
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00523-00161164-00161628 from 12 to 23 degrees Celsius 54 to 73
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00524-00161629-00161970 degrees Fahrenheit the highest recorded
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00525-00161971-00162258 temperature is 43 point 9 degrees
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00526-00162259-00162645 Celsius 111 point O degrees Fahrenheit
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00527-00162646-00162999 and the lowest is 5 degrees Celsius 41
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00528-00163000-00163335 degrees Fahrenheit the winter is mild
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00529-00163336-00163554 and very comfortable weather pertains
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00530-00163555-00163838 over the city throughout this season
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00531-00163839-00164169 often in April to June the city is
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00532-00164170-00164421 struck by heavy rains or dusty schools
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00533-00164422-00164637 that are followed by thunderstorms or
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00534-00164638-00164874 hail storms bringing cooling relief from
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00535-00164875-00165129 the prevailing humidity these
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00536-00165130-00165378 thunderstorms are convective in nature
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00537-00165379-00165609 and are known locally as cowboy shocky
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00538-00165610-00166460 Calabi sake or nor'westers in English
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00539-00166461-00166969 topic rainfall
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00540-00166970-00167194 rains brought by the Bay of Bengal
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00541-00167195-00167458 branch of the Southwest summer monsoon
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00542-00167459-00167581 lash Kolkata
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00543-00167582-00167830 between June and September supplying it
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00544-00167831-00168031 with most of its annual rainfall of
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00545-00168032-00168574 about 1,850 millimetres 73 in the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00546-00168575-00168856 highest monthly rainfall total occurs in
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00547-00168857-00169138 July and August in these months often
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00548-00169139-00169411 incessant rain for days brings life to a
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00549-00169412-00169711 stall for the city dwellers the city
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00550-00169712-00170128 receives 2107 hours of sunshine per year
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00551-00170129-00170431 with maximum sunlight exposure occurring
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00552-00170432-00170772 in April Kolkata has been hit by several
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00553-00170773-00171097 cyclones these include systems occurring
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00554-00171098-00172051 in 1737 and 1864 that killed thousands
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00555-00172052-00172687 topic environmental issues
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00556-00172688-00173035 pollution is a major concern in Kolkata
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00557-00173036-00173449 as of 2008 sulphur dioxide and nitrogen
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00558-00173450-00173728 dioxide annual concentration were within
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00559-00173729-00173874 the National ambient air quality
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00560-00173875-00174148 standards of India but respire Abul
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00561-00174149-00174397 suspended particulate matter levels were
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00562-00174398-00174649 high and on an increasing trend for five
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00563-00174650-00174990 consecutive years causing smog and haze
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00564-00174991-00175282 severe air pollution in the city has
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00565-00175283-00175482 caused a rise in pollution related
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00566-00175483-00175956 respiratory ailments such as lung cancer
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00567-00175957-00176287 topic economy Kolkata is the commercial
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00568-00176288-00176518 and financial hub of east and northeast
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00569-00176519-00176746 India and home to the Calcutta Stock
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00570-00176747-00177085 Exchange it is a major commercial and
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00571-00177086-00177325 military port and is the only city in
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00572-00177326-00177565 eastern India apart from boo banished
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00573-00177566-00177795 hua to have an International Airport
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00574-00177796-00178131 once India's leading city kolkata
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00575-00178132-00178414 experienced a steady economic decline in
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00576-00178415-00178576 the decades following India's
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00577-00178577-00178825 independence due too steep population
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00578-00178826-00179059 increases and arise in militant trade
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00579-00179060-00179335 unionism which included frequent strikes
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00580-00179336-00179577 that were backed by left-wing parties
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00581-00179578-00180034 from the 1960s to the late 1990s several
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00582-00180035-00180271 factories were closed and businesses
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00583-00180272-00180586 relocated the lack of capital and
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00584-00180587-00180796 resources added to the depressed state
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00585-00180797-00181009 of the city's economy and gave rise to
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00586-00181010-00181320 an unwelcome sobriquet the dying city
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00587-00181321-00181651 the city's fortunes improved after the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00588-00181652-00181872 Indian economy was liberalized in the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00589-00181873-00182137 1990s and changes in economic policy
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00590-00182138-00182398 were enacted by the West Bengal state
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00591-00182399-00182668 government flexible production has been
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00592-00182669-00182878 the norm in Kolkata which has an
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00593-00182879-00183106 informal sector that employs more than
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00594-00183107-00183421 40 percent of the labor force 1
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00595-00183422-00183688 unorganized group roadside hawkers
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00596-00183689-00183946 generated business worth eighty seven
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00597-00183947-00184228 point seven two billion rupees 2 billion
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00598-00184229-00184759 United States dollars in 2005 as of 2001
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00599-00184760-00185110 around 0.8 1 percent of the city's
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00600-00185111-00185317 workforce was employed in the primary
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00601-00185318-00185728 sector agriculture forestry mining etc
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00602-00185729-00185989 fifteen point four nine percent worked
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00603-00185990-00186064 in the sec
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00604-00186065-00186355 secta industrial and manufacturing and
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00605-00186356-00186583 eighty-three point six nine percent
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00606-00186584-00186817 worked in the tertiary sector service
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00607-00186818-00187273 industries as of 2003 the majority of
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00608-00187274-00187498 households in slums were engaged in
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00609-00187499-00187729 occupations belonging to the informal
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00610-00187730-00188152 sector 36.5% were involved in servicing
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00611-00188153-00188413 the urban middle class as maids drivers
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00612-00188414-00188962 etc and 22.2% were casual laborers about
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00613-00188963-00189139 thirty four percent of the available
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00614-00189140-00189415 labor force in Kolkata slums were
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00615-00189416-00189696 unemployed according to one estimate
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00616-00189697-00189988 almost a quarter of the population live
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00617-00189989-00190167 on less than twenty seven rupees
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00618-00190168-00190642 equivalent to 45 US cents per day as of
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00619-00190643-00190960 2010 Kolkata with an estimated gross
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00620-00190961-00191287 domestic product GDP by purchasing power
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00621-00191288-00191509 parity of one hundred and fifty billion
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00622-00191510-00191767 dollars ranked third among South Asian
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00623-00191768-00192123 cities after Mumbai and Delhi Kolkata
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00624-00192124-00192502 CDP in 2014 was one point eight four
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00625-00192503-00192703 trillion rupees according to a
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00626-00192704-00192922 collaborative assessment by multiple
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00627-00192923-00193291 universities and climate agencies as in
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00628-00193292-00193555 many other Indian cities information
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00629-00193556-00193801 technology became a high-growth sector
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00630-00193802-00193891 in Kolkata
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00631-00193892-00194212 starting in the late 1990s the city's IT
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00632-00194213-00194491 sector grew at 70 percent per annum a
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00633-00194492-00194733 rate that was twice the national average
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00634-00194734-00195133 the 2000s saw a surge of investments in
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00635-00195134-00195409 the real estate infrastructure retail
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00636-00195410-00195697 and hospitality sectors several large
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00637-00195698-00195999 shopping malls and hotels were launched
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00638-00196000-00196348 companies such as ITC limited Cesc
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00639-00196349-00196705 limited Exide industries emami Eveready
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00640-00196706-00197011 industries india lux industries rupa
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00641-00197012-00197188 company Berger Paints
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00642-00197189-00197389 Birla corporation and Britannia
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00643-00197390-00197646 Industries are headquartered in the city
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00644-00197647-00197965 Phillips India PricewaterhouseCoopers
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00645-00197966-00198286 India Tata global beverages Tata Steel
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00646-00198287-00198502 have their registered office and zonal
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00647-00198503-00198874 headquarters in kolkata kolkata hosts
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00648-00198875-00199093 the headquarters of three major public
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00649-00199094-00199362 sector banks Allahabad Bank you
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00650-00199363-00199620 CEO bank and the United Bank of India
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00651-00199621-00199983 and a private bank Bandhan Bank Reserve
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00652-00199984-00200238 Bank of India has its eastern zonal
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00653-00200239-00200487 office in Kolkata and India government
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00654-00200488-00200766 mint Kolkata is one of the four mints in
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00655-00200767-00201108 India some of the oldest public sector
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00656-00201109-00201306 companies are headquartered in the city
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00657-00201307-00201582 such as the Coal India Limited National
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00658-00201583-00201801 Insurance Company garden reach
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00659-00201802-00202059 shipbuilders and engineer's tea Board of
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00660-00202060-00202304 India Geological Survey of India
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00661-00202305-00202596 zoological Survey of India Botanical
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00662-00202597-00202839 Survey of India Duke Corporation of
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00663-00202840-00203127 India national test house Hindustan
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00664-00203128-00203334 copper and the Ordnance factories board
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00665-00203335-00204087 of the Indian Ministry of Defence
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00666-00204088-00204686 topic demographics
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00667-00204687-00204914 the demon on for residents of coal
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00668-00204915-00205153 Catterick al cotton and coal cotton
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00669-00205154-00205417 according to provisional results of the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00670-00205419-00205754 2011 national census Kolkata District
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00671-00205755-00206129 which occupies an area of 185 square
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00672-00206130-00206221 kilometres
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00673-00206223-00206666 71 square miles had a population of four
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00674-00206667-00206858 million four hundred and eighty six
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00675-00206859-00207067 thousand six hundred and seventy nine
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00676-00207069-00207371 its population density was twenty four
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00677-00207371-00207605 thousand two hundred and fifty-two per
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00678-00207606-00207869 square kilometers sixty two thousand
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00679-00207869-00208108 eight hundred and ten per square miles
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00680-00208109-00208448 this represents a decline of 1.88
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00681-00208448-00208821 percent during the decade 2001 to eleven
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00682-00208823-00209132 the sex ratio is eight hundred and
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00683-00209133-00209507 ninety-nine females per 1000 males lower
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00684-00209508-00209834 than the national average the ratio is
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00685-00209835-00210067 depressed by the influx of working males
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00686-00210069-00210319 from surrounding rural areas from the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00687-00210321-00210584 rest of West Bengal these men commonly
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00688-00210585-00210914 leave their families behind Calcutta's
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00689-00210915-00211151 literacy rate of eighty seven point one
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00690-00211152-00211348 four percent exceeds the national
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00691-00211350-00211736 average of 74 percent the final
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00692-00211737-00212090 population totals of census 2011 stated
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00693-00212091-00212306 the population of city is four million
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00694-00212307-00212573 four hundred and ninety six thousand six
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00695-00212573-00212855 hundred and ninety four the urban
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00696-00212856-00213067 agglomeration had a population of
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00697-00213069-00213278 fourteen million one hundred and twelve
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00698-00213279-00213548 thousand five hundred and thirty six in
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00699-00213548-00213908 2011 Bengali Hindus form the majority of
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00700-00213909-00214148 coal cutters population Marwar ease
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00701-00214148-00214400 Bihar ease and Muslims compose large
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00702-00214401-00214742 minorities among Kolkata's smaller
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00703-00214742-00215054 communities are Chinese Tamils Nepalese
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00704-00215055-00215434 odias Telugus assamese gujaratis
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00705-00215435-00215817 anglo-indians Armenians Greeks Tibetans
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00706-00215819-00216110 Maharashtrians King ghani's Malay Alize
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00707-00216111-00216485 Punjabis and parsy's the number of
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00708-00216486-00216788 Armenians Greeks Jews and other foreign
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00709-00216789-00217037 origin groups declined during the 20th
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00710-00217038-00217394 century the Jewish population of Kolkata
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00711-00217394-00217706 was 5000 during World War two but
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00712-00217707-00217954 declined after Indian independence and
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00713-00217955-00218248 the establishment of Israel by 2013
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00714-00218249-00218539 there were 25 Jews in the city
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00715-00218540-00218833 India's sole Chinatown is in eastern
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00716-00218834-00219130 Kolkata once home to 20,000 ethnic
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00717-00219131-00219406 Chinese its population dropped to around
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00718-00219407-00219793 2000 as of 2009 as a result of multiple
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00719-00219794-00220024 factors including repatriation and
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00720-00220025-00220267 denial of Indian citizenship following
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00721-00220268-00220633 the 1962 sino-indian war and immigration
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00722-00220634-00220865 to foreign countries for better economic
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00723-00220866-00221175 opportunities the Chinese community
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00724-00221176-00221380 traditionally worked in the local
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00725-00221381-00221569 tanning industry and ran Chinese
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00726-00221570-00221987 restaurants Bengali the official state
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00727-00221988-00222212 language is the dominant language in
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00728-00222213-00222515 Kolkata English is also used
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00729-00222516-00222694 particularly by the white collar
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00730-00222695-00223021 workforce Hindi and Urdu are spoken by a
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00731-00223022-00223340 sizeable minority according to the 2011
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00732-00223341-00223843 census 76.5 1% of the population is
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00733-00223844-00224404 Hindu 20.6 o % Muslim 0.88% Christian
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00734-00224405-00224860 and 0.47% Jain the remainder of the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00735-00224861-00225151 population includes Sikhs Buddhists and
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00736-00225152-00225493 other religions which accounts for 0.45
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00737-00225494-00225841 percent of the population 1.09 percent
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00738-00225842-00226125 did not state a religion in the census
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00739-00226126-00226534 Kolkata reported 67 point 6 percent of
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00740-00226535-00226790 special and local laws crimes registered
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00741-00226791-00227199 in 35 large Indian cities during 2004
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00742-00227200-00227533 the Kolkata Police District registered
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00743-00227534-00227762 fifteen thousand five hundred and ten
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00744-00227763-00228076 Indian Penal Code cases in 2010 the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00745-00228077-00228365 eighth highest total in the country in
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00746-00228366-00228673 2010 the crime rate was one hundred and
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00747-00228674-00229003 seventeen point three per 100,000 below
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00748-00229004-00229198 the national rate of one hundred and
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00749-00229199-00229450 eighty seven point six it was the lowest
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00750-00229451-00229755 rate among India's largest cities as of
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00751-00229756-00230035 2003 about one-third of the population
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00752-00230036-00230557 or 1.5 million people lived in 3,500
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00753-00230558-00230860 unregistered squatter occupied in 2011
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00754-00230861-00231064 registered slums
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00755-00231065-00231321 the authorized slums with access to
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00756-00231322-00231664 basic services like water latrines trash
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00757-00231665-00231878 removal by the Kolkata Municipal
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00758-00231879-00232144 Corporation can be broadly divided into
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00759-00232144-00232467 two groups bust ease in which slum
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00760-00232469-00232669 dwellers have some long term tenancy
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00761-00232669-00232920 agreement with the landowners and Abbas
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00762-00232921-00233160 new colonies settlements which had been
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00763-00233161-00233365 leased to refugees from present-day
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00764-00233366-00233655 Bangladesh by the government the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00765-00233656-00233917 unauthorised slums devoid of basic
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00766-00233917-00234171 services provided by the municipality
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00767-00234172-00234426 are occupied by squatters who started
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00768-00234427-00234702 living on encroached lands mainly along
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00769-00234703-00235101 canals railway lines and roads according
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00770-00235102-00235369 to the 2005 National Family Health
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00771-00235369-00235642 Survey around fourteen percent of the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00772-00235642-00235980 households in Kolkata were poor while 33
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00773-00235981-00236229 percent lived in slums indicating a
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00774-00236230-00236469 substantial proportion of households in
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00775-00236471-00236644 slum areas were better off economically
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00776-00236644-00236869 than the bottom quarter of urban
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00777-00236869-00237138 households in terms of wealth status
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00778-00237139-00237432 mother Teresa was awarded the Nobel
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00779-00237433-00237651 Peace Prize for founding and working
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00780-00237652-00237825 with the missionaries of charity in
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00781-00237826-00238185 Kolkata an organization whose primary
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00782-00238186-00238441 task was to love and care for those
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00783-00238442-00238698 persons nobody was prepared to look
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00784-00238699-00239344 after
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00785-00239344-00240079 topic government and public services
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00786-00240080-00240402 topic civic administration Kolkata is
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00787-00240403-00240564 administered by several government
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00788-00240565-00240871 agencies the Kolkata Municipal
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00789-00240873-00241200 Corporation or KMC oversees and manages
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00790-00241201-00241442 the Civic infrastructure of the city's
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00791-00241444-00241859 16 boroughs which together encompass 144
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00792-00241860-00242196 wards each Ward elects a counselor to
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00793-00242196-00242519 the KMC each borough has a committee of
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00794-00242521-00242753 councillors each of whom is elected to
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00795-00242754-00243066 represent a ward by means of the borough
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00796-00243067-00243312 committees the corporation undertakes
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00797-00243313-00243525 urban planning and maintains roads
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00798-00243526-00243828 government aided schools hospitals and
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00799-00243829-00244232 municipal markets as Kolkata apex body
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00800-00244233-00244521 the corporation discharges its functions
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00801-00244521-00244713 through the mare in Council which
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00802-00244714-00245006 comprises a mayor a deputy mayor and 10
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00803-00245007-00245342 other elected members of the KMC the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00804-00245344-00245603 functions of the KMC include water
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00805-00245604-00245930 supply drainage and sewerage sanitation
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00806-00245931-00246189 solid waste management street lighting
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00807-00246190-00246462 and building regulation the Kolkata
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00808-00246463-00246734 Municipal Corporation was ranked 1st out
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00809-00246735-00246998 of 21 cities for best governance and
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00810-00247000-00247217 administrative practices in India in
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00811-00247219-00247703 2014 it scored 4.0 on 10 compared to the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00812-00247704-00248060 national average of 3.3 t-h-e Kolkata
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00813-00248061-00248319 Port Trust an agency of the central
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00814-00248319-00248577 government manages the city's River Port
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00815-00248578-00248930 as of 2012 the All India Trinamool
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00816-00248931-00249260 Congress controls the KMC the mayor is
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00817-00249261-00249513 fur head Hakeem while the deputy mayor
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00818-00249514-00249848 is Aten Ghosh the city has an apolitical
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00819-00249850-00250113 titular post that of the sheriff of
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00820-00250114-00250398 Kolkata which presides over various city
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00821-00250398-00250617 related functions and conferences
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00822-00250617-00250878 Kolkata is administrative agencies have
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00823-00250879-00251081 areas of jurisdiction that do not
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00824-00251082-00251408 coincide listed in ascending order by
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00825-00251409-00251688 area they are Kolkata district the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00826-00251689-00251916 Kolkata Police area and the Kolkata
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00827-00251917-00252201 Municipal Corporation area or Kolkata
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00828-00252202-00252485 City and the Kolkata metropolitan area
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00829-00252486-00252737 which is the city's urban agglomeration
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00830-00252738-00253058 the agency overseeing the latter the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00831-00253059-00253241 Kolkata Metropolitan Development
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00832-00253242-00253464 Authority is responsible
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00833-00253465-00253629 for the statutory planning and
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00834-00253630-00253869 development of Greater Kolkata as the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00835-00253869-00254051 seat of the government of West Bengal
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00836-00254052-00254358 Kolkata is home to not only the offices
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00837-00254359-00254598 of the local governing agencies but also
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00838-00254598-00254880 the West Bengal Legislative Assembly the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00839-00254881-00255126 state Secretariat which is housed in the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00840-00255127-00255354 writers building and the Calcutta High
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00841-00255355-00255717 Court most government establishments and
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00842-00255717-00255933 institutions are housed in the center of
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00843-00255934-00256212 the city in BBD bhaag formerly known as
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00844-00256213-00256590 Dalhousie Square the Calcutta High Court
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00845-00256591-00256887 is the oldest High Court in India it was
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00846-00256888-00257096 preceded by the Supreme Court of
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00847-00257098-00257316 Judicature at Fort William which was
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00848-00257317-00257748 established in 1774 the Calcutta High
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00849-00257748-00258003 Court has jurisdiction over the state of
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00850-00258004-00258231 West Bengal in the Union Territory of
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00851-00258232-00258596 the Andaman and Nicobar Islands Kolkata
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00852-00258598-00258842 has lower courts the court of small
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00853-00258844-00259094 causes and the city civil court decides
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00854-00259096-00259341 civil matters the Sessions Court rules
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00855-00259342-00259692 in criminal cases the Kolkata police
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00856-00259692-00259917 headed by a police commissioner is
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00857-00259917-00260169 overseen by the West Bengal Ministry of
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00858-00260169-00260532 Home Affairs the kolkata district elects
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00859-00260533-00260763 two representatives to india's lower
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00860-00260764-00261000 house the lok sabha and eleven
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00861-00261001-00261196 representatives to the State Legislative
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00862-00261198-00261810 Assembly
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00863-00261811-00262447 topic utility services
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00864-00262448-00262729 the Kolkata Municipal Corporation
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00865-00262730-00262915 supplies the city with potable water
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00866-00262916-00263125 that is sourced from the hooli river
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00867-00263126-00263392 most of it is treated and purified at
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00868-00263393-00263620 the palter pumping station located in
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00869-00263621-00264079 North 24 Parganas district roughly 95%
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00870-00264080-00264400 of the 4,000 tons of refuse produced
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00871-00264401-00264646 daily by the city is transported to the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00872-00264647-00264820 dumping grounds in darpur
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00873-00264821-00265134 which is east of the town to promote the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00874-00265135-00265368 recycling of garbage and sewer water
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00875-00265369-00265618 agriculture is encouraged on the dumping
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00876-00265619-00265939 grounds parts of the city lack proper
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00877-00265940-00266200 sewerage leading to unsanitary methods
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00878-00266201-00266545 of waste disposal in 1856 the Bengal
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00879-00266546-00266776 government appointed George Turnbull to
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00880-00266777-00266934 be the Commissioner of drainage and
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00881-00266935-00267225 sewage to improve the city's sewage
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00882-00267226-00267505 Turnbull's main job was to be the chief
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00883-00267506-00267724 engineer of the East Indian Railway
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00884-00267725-00267925 Company responsible for building the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00885-00267926-00268330 first railway 541 miles from Howrah to
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00886-00268331-00268753 varanasi then Banaras electricity is
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00887-00268754-00268923 supplied by the privately operated
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00888-00268924-00269242 Calcutta Electric Supply Corporation or
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00889-00269243-00269494 Cesc to the city proper the West Bengal
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00890-00269495-00269770 State Electricity Board supplies it in
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00891-00269771-00270121 the suburbs fire services are handled by
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00892-00270122-00270403 the West Bengal fire service a state
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00893-00270404-00270885 agency as of 2012 the city had 16 fire
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00894-00270886-00271144 stations state-owned Bharat Sanchar
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00895-00271145-00271506 Nigam Limited or BSNL as well as private
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00896-00271507-00271789 enterprises among em Vodafone Bharti
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00897-00271790-00272157 Airtel Reliance Idea Cellular SL Tata
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00898-00272158-00272556 Docomo Tata Teleservices Virgin Mobile &
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00899-00272557-00272842 MTS India are the leading telephone and
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00900-00272843-00273079 cell phone service providers in the city
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00901-00273080-00273333 with Kolkata being the first city in
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00902-00273334-00273553 India to have cell phone and 4G
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00903-00273554-00273889 connectivity the gsm and cdma cellular
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00904-00273890-00274308 coverage is extensive as of 2010 Kolkata
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00905-00274309-00274570 has seven percent of the total broadband
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00906-00274571-00274963 internet consumers in India BSNL VSNL
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00907-00274964-00275323 Tata Indicom sippy Airtel and Reliance
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00908-00275324-00275988 are among the main vendors
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00909-00275989-00276310 topic military and diplomatic
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00910-00276311-00276736 establishments
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00911-00276737-00277006 the Eastern Command of the Indian Army
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00912-00277007-00277336 is based in the city being one of
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00913-00277337-00277579 India's major city in the largest city
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00914-00277580-00277777 in eastern and northeastern India
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00915-00277778-00278062 Kolkata hosts diplomatic missions of
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00916-00278063-00278263 many countries such as Australia
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00917-00278264-00278572 Bangladesh Bhutan Canada People's
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00918-00278573-00278881 Republic of China France Germany Italy
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00919-00278882-00279316 Japan Myanmar Nepal Russia Sri Lanka
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00920-00279317-00279643 Switzerland Thailand United Kingdom and
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00921-00279644-00279994 United States the US consulate in
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00922-00279995-00280270 Kolkata is the US Department of State's
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00923-00280271-00280525 second oldest consulate and dates from
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00924-00280526-00281345 the 19th of November 1792
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00925-00281346-00281935 topic transport
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00926-00281936-00282205 public transport is provided by the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00927-00282206-00282484 Kolkata Suburban Railway the Kolkata
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00928-00282485-00282886 Metro trams rickshaws and buses the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00929-00282887-00283156 suburban rail network reaches the city's
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00930-00283157-00283540 distant suburbs according to a 2013
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00931-00283541-00283765 survey conducted by the International
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00932-00283766-00284107 Association of public transport in terms
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00933-00284108-00284365 of a public transport system Kolkata
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00934-00284366-00284596 ranks among the top of the six Indian
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00935-00284597-00284959 cities surveyed the Kolkata Metro in
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00936-00284960-00285295 operations since 1984 is the oldest
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00937-00285296-00285556 underground mass transit system in India
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00938-00285557-00285868 it spans the north-south length of the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00939-00285869-00286083 city and covers a distance of 27
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00940-00286084-00286639 kilometers 17 miles as of 2009 five
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00941-00286640-00286953 metro rail lines were under construction
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00942-00286954-00287281 Kolkata has for long-distance railway
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00943-00287282-00287569 stations located at how're the largest
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00944-00287570-00287827 railway complex in India sealed err
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00945-00287828-00288058 chipper and Shalimar which connect
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00946-00288059-00288337 Kolkata by rail to most cities in West
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00947-00288338-00288559 Bengal and to other major cities in
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00948-00288560-00288829 India the city serves as the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00949-00288830-00289054 headquarters of three railway zone out
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00950-00289055-00289333 of 17 of the Indian Railways regional
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00951-00289334-00289648 divisions the Kolkata Metro railways
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00952-00289649-00289870 Eastern Railway and the South Eastern
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00953-00289871-00290203 Railway Kolkata has rail and road
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00954-00290204-00290449 connectivity with docker the capital of
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00955-00290450-00290806 Bangladesh buses which are the most
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00956-00290807-00291073 commonly used mode of transport are run
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00957-00291074-00291274 by government agencies and private
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00958-00291275-00291655 operators Kolkata is the only Indian
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00959-00291656-00291886 city with a tram network which is
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00960-00291887-00292096 operated by the Calcutta tramways
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00961-00292097-00292456 Company the slow-moving tram services
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00962-00292457-00292678 are restricted to certain areas of the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00963-00292679-00293050 city water logging caused by heavy rains
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00964-00293051-00293299 that fall during the summer monsoon can
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00965-00293300-00293656 interrupt transportation networks hired
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00966-00293657-00293884 public conveyances include auto
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00967-00293885-00294139 rickshaws which often play specific
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00968-00294140-00294505 routes and yellow metered taxis almost
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00969-00294506-00294625 all of Kolkata
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00970-00294626-00294844 taxis are antiquated Hindustan
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00971-00294845-00295027 ambassadors buy make newer
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00972-00295028-00295255 air-conditioned radio taxis are in
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00973-00295256-00295564 service as well in parts of the city
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00974-00295565-00295807 cycle rickshaws and hand pulled
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00975-00295808-00296041 rickshaws are patronized by the public
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00976-00296042-00296299 for short trips due to its diverse and
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00977-00296300-00296578 abundant public transportation privately
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00978-00296579-00296732 owned vehicles are not as
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00979-00296733-00296972 in Kolkata is in other major Indian
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00980-00296973-00297284 cities the city has witnessed a steady
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00981-00297285-00297509 increase in the number of registered
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00982-00297510-00297869 vehicles 2002 data showed an increase of
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00983-00297870-00298204 44 percent over a period of 7 years as
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00984-00298205-00298640 of 2004 after adjusting for population
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00985-00298641-00299108 density the city's roads base was only 6
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00986-00299109-00299408 percent compared to 23 percent in Delhi
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00987-00299409-00299780 and 17 percent in Mumbai the Kolkata
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00988-00299781-00299984 Metro has somewhat ease traffic
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00989-00299985-00300230 congestion as has the addition of new
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00990-00300231-00300599 roads and flyovers agencies operating
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00991-00300600-00300875 long distance bus services include the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00992-00300876-00301151 Calcutta State Transport Corporation the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00993-00301152-00301385 South Bengal State Transport Corporation
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00994-00301386-00301661 the North Bengal State Transport
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00995-00301662-00301886 Corporation and various private
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00996-00301887-00302258 operators the city's main bus terminals
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00997-00302259-00302492 are located at Esplanade and Babbage at
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00998-00302493-00302795 the Kolkata Delhi and Kolkata Chennai
+iyTenXyk5Q0-00999-00302796-00303026 prongs of the Golden Quadrilateral and
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01000-00303027-00303347 National Highway 34 start from the city
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01001-00303348-00303625 Netaji Subash Chandra Bose International
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01002-00303626-00303974 Airport located in Dum Dums some 16
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01003-00303975-00304196 kilometers nine point nine miles
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01004-00304197-00304469 northeast of the city centre operates
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01005-00304470-00304804 domestic and international flights in
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01006-00304805-00305114 2013 the airport was upgraded to handle
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01007-00305115-00305351 increased air traffic the port of
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01008-00305352-00305714 Kolkata established in 1870 is India's
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01009-00305715-00306062 oldest and the only major river port the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01010-00306063-00306329 Kolkata Port Trust manages docks in
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01011-00306330-00306620 Kolkata and Haldia the port hosts
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01012-00306621-00306911 passenger services to Port Blair capital
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01013-00306912-00307127 of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01014-00307128-00307340 freighter service to ports throughout
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01015-00307341-00307574 India and around the world is operated
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01016-00307575-00307801 by the Shipping Corporation of India
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01017-00307802-00308135 ferry services connect Kolkata with its
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01018-00308136-00308378 twin city of Hara located across the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01019-00308379-00308609 Huli River the route from North Bengal
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01020-00308610-00308873 to Kolkata is set to become cheaper and
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01021-00308874-00309089 more efficient for people travelling by
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01022-00309090-00309608 bus through April 2017 to March 2018 the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01023-00309609-00309847 North Bengal State Transport Corporation
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01024-00309848-00310091 MB STC will be
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01025-00310092-00310301 introducing a fleet of rocket buses
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01026-00310302-00310520 equipped with bio toilets for the bus
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01027-00310521-00311075 route topic healthcare as of 2011 the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01028-00311076-00311354 healthcare system in Kolkata consists of
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01029-00311355-00311654 48 government hospitals mostly under the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01030-00311655-00311872 Department of Health and Family Welfare
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01031-00311873-00312281 government of West Bengal and 366
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01032-00312282-00312536 private medical establishments these
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01033-00312537-00312746 establishments provide the city with
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01034-00312747-00312995 twenty seven thousand six hundred and
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01035-00312996-00313319 eighty seven hospital beds for every
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01036-00313320-00313736 10,000 people in the city there are 61.7
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01037-00313737-00313973 hospital beds which is higher than the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01038-00313974-00314201 national average of nine hospital beds
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01039-00314202-00314540 for ten thousand ten medical and dental
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01040-00314541-00314788 colleges are located in the Kolkata
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01041-00314789-00315071 metropolitan area which act as tertiary
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01042-00315072-00315383 referral hospitals in the state the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01043-00315384-00315743 Calcutta Medical College founded in 1835
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01044-00315744-00316007 was the first institution in Asia to
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01045-00316008-00316316 teach modern medicine however these
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01046-00316317-00316541 facilities are inadequate to meet the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01047-00316542-00316847 healthcare needs of the city more than
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01048-00316848-00317189 78 percent in kolkata prefer the private
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01049-00317190-00317405 medical sector over the public medical
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01050-00317406-00317672 sector due to the poor quality of care
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01051-00317673-00317903 the lack of a nearby facility and
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01052-00317904-00318137 excessive waiting times at government
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01053-00318138-00318476 facilities according to the Indian 2005
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01054-00318477-00318740 National Family Health Survey only a
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01055-00318741-00319007 small proportion of Kolkata households
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01056-00319008-00319205 were covered under any Health Scheme or
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01057-00319206-00319499 health insurance the total fertility
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01058-00319500-00319907 rate in Kolkata was 1.4 the lowest among
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01059-00319908-00320363 the eight cities surveyed in Kolkata 77
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01060-00320364-00320557 percent of the married women used
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01061-00320558-00320765 contraceptives which was the highest
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01062-00320766-00320999 among the cities surveyed but use of
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01063-00321000-00321236 modern contraceptive methods was the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01064-00321237-00321590 lowest 46 percent the infant mortality
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01065-00321591-00322001 rate in Kolkata was 41 per 1000 live
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01066-00322002-00322211 births and the mortality rate for
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01067-00322212-00322595 children under 5 was 49 per 1000 live
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01068-00322596-00322907 births among the surveyed cities Kolkata
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01069-00322908-00323204 stood second five percent for children
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01070-00323205-00323432 who had not had any vaccinations under
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01071-00323433-00323453 the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01072-00323454-00323707 Universal immunization programmers of
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01073-00323708-00324152 2005 Kolkata ranked second with access
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01074-00324153-00324353 to an Anganwadi centre under the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01075-00324354-00324625 integrated child development services
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01076-00324626-00325049 ICDs program for 57% of the children
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01077-00325050-00325394 between zero and seventy-one months the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01078-00325395-00325643 proportion of malnourished anemic and
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01079-00325644-00325892 underweight children in Kolkata was less
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01080-00325893-00326141 in comparison to other surveyed cities
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01081-00326142-00326411 about 18 percent of the men and 30
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01082-00326412-00326639 percent of the women in Kolkata are
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01083-00326640-00326891 obese the majority of them belonging to
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01084-00326892-00327326 the non poor strata of society in 2005
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01085-00327327-00327725 Kolkata had the highest percentage 55%
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01086-00327726-00327944 among the surveyed cities of anemic
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01087-00327945-00328199 women while 20 percent of the men in
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01088-00328200-00328520 Kolkata were anemic diseases like
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01089-00328521-00328847 diabetes asthma Gorter and other thyroid
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01090-00328848-00329075 disorders were found in large numbers of
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01091-00329076-00329407 people tropical diseases like malaria
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01092-00329408-00329702 dengue and chikungunya are prevalent in
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01093-00329703-00329906 Kolkata though their incidences
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01094-00329907-00330224 decreasing Kolkata is one of the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01095-00330225-00330443 districts in India with a high number of
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01096-00330444-00330668 people with AIDS it has been designated
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01097-00330669-00331037 a district prone to high risk as of 2014
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01098-00331038-00331328 because of higher air pollution the life
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01099-00331329-00331574 expectancy of a person born in the city
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01100-00331575-00331993 is four years fewer than in the suburbs
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01101-00331994-00332321 topic education Kolkata schools are run
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01102-00332322-00332526 by the state government or private
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01103-00332527-00332734 organizations many of which are
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01104-00332735-00333050 religious Bengali and English are the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01105-00333051-00333314 primary languages of instruction I do
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01106-00333315-00333545 and Hindi also used particularly in
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01107-00333546-00333899 central Kolkata schools in Kolkata
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01108-00333900-00334233 follow the ten plus two plus three plan
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01109-00334234-00334469 after completing their secondary
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01110-00334470-00334756 education students typically enroll in
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01111-00334757-00334954 schools that have a higher secondary
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01112-00334955-00335152 facility and are affiliated with the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01113-00335153-00335369 West Bengal Council of Higher Secondary
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01114-00335370-00335873 Education the icse or the CBSE they
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01115-00335874-00336130 usually choose a focus on liberal arts
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01116-00336131-00336542 business or science vocational programs
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01117-00336543-00336866 are also available some Kolkata schools
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01118-00336867-00337107 for example LaMotta near Calcutta
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01119-00337108-00337424 Calcutta boys school South Point school
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01120-00337425-00337759 st. James school Kolkata sand Xavier's
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01121-00337760-00338035 Collegiate School and Loretto house have
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01122-00338036-00338240 been ranked amongst the best schools in
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01123-00338241-00338650 the country as of 2010 the Kolkata urban
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01124-00338651-00338888 agglomeration is home to 14 universities
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01125-00338889-00339274 run by the state government the colleges
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01126-00339275-00339526 are each affiliated with a university or
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01127-00339527-00339781 institution based either in Kolkata or
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01128-00339782-00340163 elsewhere in India alia University which
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01129-00340164-00340442 was founded in 1780 as
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01130-00340443-00340654 College of Calcutta is the oldest
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01131-00340655-00340916 post-secondary educational institution
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01132-00340917-00341224 of the city the university of calcutta
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01133-00341225-00341581 founded in 1857 is the first modern
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01134-00341582-00341945 University in South Asia Presidency
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01135-00341946-00342221 College Kolkata formerly Hindu College
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01136-00342222-00342719 between 1817 and 1855 founded in 1855
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01137-00342720-00342952 was one of the oldest and most eminent
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01138-00342953-00343285 colleges in India it was affiliated with
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01139-00343286-00343571 the University of Calcutta until 2010
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01140-00343572-00343783 when it was converted to Presidency
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01141-00343784-00344200 University Kolkata in 2010 Bengal
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01142-00344201-00344564 engineering and science university B ESU
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01143-00344565-00344776 is the second oldest engineering
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01144-00344777-00345004 institution of the country located in
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01145-00345005-00345263 herre an institute of national
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01146-00345264-00345371 importance
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01147-00345372-00345685 BSU was converted to India's first I
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01148-00345686-00346124 iest Jadhav / University is known for
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01149-00346125-00346373 its arts science and engineering
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01150-00346374-00346700 faculties the Indian Institute of
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01151-00346701-00346940 Management Calcutta which was the first
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01152-00346941-00347114 of the Indian Institutes of management
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01153-00347115-00347509 was established in 1961 at Joker a
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01154-00347510-00347815 locality in the southwestern suburbs
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01155-00347816-00348095 Kolkata also houses the prestigious
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01156-00348096-00348356 Indian Institute of Foreign Trade which
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01157-00348357-00348760 was started here in the year 2006 the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01158-00348761-00348995 West Bengal national university of
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01159-00348996-00349217 juridical Sciences is one of India's
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01160-00349218-00349481 autonomous law schools and the Indian
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01161-00349482-00349712 Statistical Institute is a public
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01162-00349713-00350002 Research Institute in university
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01163-00350003-00350276 state-owned maulana abul kalam azad
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01164-00350277-00350651 university of technology west bengal ma
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01165-00350652-00351089 ka UT WB formerly West Bengal University
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01166-00351090-00351404 of Technology w bu T is the largest
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01167-00351405-00351658 technological university in terms of
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01168-00351659-00351845 student enrollment and number of
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01169-00351846-00352202 institutions affiliated by it private
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01170-00352203-00352451 institutions include the Ramakrishna
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01171-00352452-00352679 mission Vivekananda educational and
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01172-00352680-00352919 research institute and university of
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01173-00352920-00353300 engineering and management uem notable
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01174-00353301-00353507 scholars who were born worked or studied
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01175-00353508-00353822 in kolkata include physicists Satyendra
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01176-00353823-00354128 Nath Bose Meghnad Saha and jagadish
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01177-00354129-00354398 chandra bose chemist Prafulla Chandra
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01178-00354399-00354665 Roy statisticians prasanta Chandra
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01179-00354666-00354890 Mahalanobis and Anil Kumar Jain
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01180-00354891-00355118 physician Upendra Nath brahmacari
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01181-00355119-00355421 educator Ashutosh Mukherjee and Nobel
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01182-00355422-00355715 laureates rabindranath tagore CV Raman
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01183-00355716-00356027 and Amartya senator Kolkata houses many
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01184-00356028-00356284 premier research institutes like Indian
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01185-00356285-00356495 Association for the cultivation of
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01186-00356496-00356564 science
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01187-00356565-00356849 IAC s Indian Institute of chemical
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01188-00356850-00357224 biology IIC B Indian Institute of
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01189-00357225-00357532 Science education and research a is er
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01190-00357533-00357832 Bo's Institute sahar Institute of
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01191-00357833-00358112 nuclear physics si NP All India
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01192-00358113-00358367 Institute of Hygiene and public health
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01193-00358368-00358622 central glass and ceramic research
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01194-00358623-00358756 institutes C
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01195-00358757-00359227 gri SN BOS National Center for basic
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01196-00359228-00359629 sciences SMB NCBS Indian Institute of
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01197-00359630-00359896 Social Welfare and business management I
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01198-00359897-00360212 is WBM national institute of
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01199-00360213-00360427 pharmaceutical education and research
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01200-00360428-00360788 kolkata variable energy cyclotron center
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01201-00360789-00361084 the ECC and indian center for space
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01202-00361085-00361522 physics nobel laureate sir CV Raman did
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01203-00361523-00361729 his groundbreaking work in Raman effect
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01204-00361730-00362430 in iacs
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01205-00362431-00362979 topic culture
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01206-00362980-00363237 Kolkata is known for its literary
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01207-00363238-00363534 artistic and revolutionary heritage as
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01208-00363535-00363768 the former capital of India it was the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01209-00363769-00363999 birthplace of modern Indian literary and
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01210-00364000-00364356 artistic thought Kolkata has been called
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01211-00364357-00364722 the city of furious creative energy as
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01212-00364723-00365151 well as the cultural or literary capital
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01213-00365152-00365517 of India the presence of Paris which are
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01214-00365518-00365682 neighborhoods that possess a strong
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01215-00365683-00365952 sense of community is characteristic of
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01216-00365953-00366312 the city typically each para has its own
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01217-00366313-00366579 community club and on occasion a playing
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01218-00366580-00366692 field
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01219-00366693-00366978 residents engage in a DES or leisurely
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01220-00366979-00367197 chats that often take the form of
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01221-00367198-00367539 freestyle intellectual conversation the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01222-00367540-00367752 city has a tradition of political
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01223-00367753-00367953 graffiti depicting everything from
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01224-00367954-00368178 outrageous slander to witty banter and
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01225-00368179-00368433 limericks caricatures and propaganda
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01226-00368434-00368721 Kolkata has many buildings adorned with
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01227-00368722-00368939 indo-islamic and indo-saracenic
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01228-00368940-00369255 architectural motifs several
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01229-00369256-00369489 well-maintained major buildings from the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01230-00369490-00369716 colonial period have been declared
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01231-00369717-00370044 heritage structures others are in
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01232-00370045-00370361 various stages of decay established in
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01233-00370362-00370698 1814 as the nation's oldest museum the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01234-00370699-00370962 Indian Museum houses large collections
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01235-00370963-00371211 that showcase Indian Natural History and
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01236-00371212-00371568 Indian art marble palace is a classic
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01237-00371569-00371793 example of a European mansion that was
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01238-00371794-00372087 built in the city the Victoria Memorial
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01239-00372088-00372408 a place of interest in Kolkata has a
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01240-00372409-00372677 museum documenting the city's history
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01241-00372678-00372969 the National Library of India is the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01242-00372970-00373158 leading public library in the country
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01243-00373159-00373389 while science city is the largest
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01244-00373390-00373575 Science Centre in the Indian
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01245-00373576-00373680 subcontinent
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01246-00373681-00373926 the popularity of commercial theaters in
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01247-00373927-00374243 the city has declined since the 1980s
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01248-00374244-00374580 group theaters of Kolkata a cultural
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01249-00374581-00374828 movement that started in the 1940s
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01250-00374829-00375033 contrasting with the then popular
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01251-00375034-00375264 commercial theaters a theaters that are
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01252-00375265-00375465 not professional or commercial and the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01253-00375466-00375711 centres of various experiments in theme
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01254-00375712-00376005 content and production group theaters
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01255-00376006-00376239 use the proscenium stage to highlight
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01256-00376240-00376362 socially relevant
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01257-00376363-00376692 Messages chipper locality of the city
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01258-00376693-00376953 houses multiple production companies of
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01259-00376954-00377145 chattri a tradition of folk drama
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01260-00377146-00377544 popular in rural Bengal Kolkata is the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01261-00377545-00377727 home of the Bengali cinema industry
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01262-00377728-00378123 dubbed Hollywood for Tollygunge where
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01263-00378124-00378360 most of the states film studios are
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01264-00378361-00378729 located it's long tradition of art films
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01265-00378730-00378936 includes globally acclaimed film
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01266-00378937-00379194 directors such as Academy award-winning
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01267-00379195-00379439 director Satyajit Ray Ritwik Ghatak
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01268-00379440-00379620 m'rye Nelson
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01269-00379621-00379899 Tapan Sinha and contemporary directors
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01270-00379900-00380181 such as Aparna Sen Buddhadeb Dasgupta
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01271-00380182-00380595 butum Gosei and Rituparno Ghosh during
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01272-00380596-00380898 the 19th and 20th centuries Bengali
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01273-00380899-00381102 literature was modernised through the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01274-00381103-00381324 works of authors such as Ishwar Chandra
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01275-00381325-00381570 Vidya Sagar bank in Chandra
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01276-00381571-00381833 Chattopadhyay Michael Maddy Sood and art
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01277-00381834-00382110 rabindranath tagore Kazi Nazrul Islam
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01278-00382111-00382524 and Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay coupled
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01279-00382525-00382857 with social reforms led by Ram Mohan Roy
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01280-00382858-00383118 Swami Vivekananda and others this
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01281-00383119-00383373 constituted a major part of the Bengal
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01282-00383374-00383706 Renaissance the middle and latter parts
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01283-00383707-00383919 of the 20th century witnessed the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01284-00383920-00384159 arrival of post-modernism as well as
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01285-00384160-00384342 literary movements such as those
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01286-00384343-00384618 espoused by the qaol movement hungry
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01287-00384619-00384930 lists and the little magazines large
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01288-00384931-00385176 majority of publishers of the city is
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01289-00385177-00385389 concentrated in and around College
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01290-00385390-00385839 Street the half mile of book shops and
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01291-00385840-00386049 bookstores spilling over onto the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01292-00386050-00386558 pavement selling new and used books
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01293-00386559-00386834 Kalighat painting originated in 19th
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01294-00386835-00387110 century Kolkata is a local style that
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01295-00387111-00387353 reflected a variety of themes including
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01296-00387354-00387662 mythology and quotidian life the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01297-00387663-00387857 government College of Art & Crafts
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01298-00387858-00388217 founded in 1864 has been the cradle as
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01299-00388218-00388445 well as workplace of eminent artists
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01300-00388446-00388634 including Abin and reigneth Tagore
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01301-00388635-00389021 jomini Roy and mandala elbows the Art
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01302-00389022-00389264 College was the birthplace of the Bengal
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01303-00389265-00389441 school of art that arose as an
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01304-00389442-00389669 avant-garde and nationalist movement
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01305-00389670-00389900 reacting against the prevalent academic
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01306-00389901-00390278 art styles in the early 20th century the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01307-00390279-00390503 Academy of Fine Arts and other art
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01308-00390504-00390793 galleries hold regular art exhibitions
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01309-00390794-00391070 the city is recognized for its
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01310-00391071-00391319 appreciation of Ravindra Sangeeta
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01311-00391320-00391586 songs written by Rabindranath Tagore and
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01312-00391587-00391856 Indian classical music with important
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01313-00391857-00392141 concerts and recitals such as Dover Lane
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01314-00392142-00392354 music conference being held throughout
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01315-00392355-00392444 the year
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01316-00392445-00392741 Bengali popular music including Vowell
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01317-00392742-00393017 folk ballads curtains and gauge in
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01318-00393018-00393248 festival music and modern music
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01319-00393249-00393577 including Bengali language adhunik songs
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01320-00393578-00393980 since the early 1990s new genres have
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01321-00393981-00394217 emerged including one comprising
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01322-00394218-00394498 alternative folk rock Bengali bands
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01323-00394499-00394700 another new style
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01324-00394701-00394985 Jevon Maki gone songs about life is
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01325-00394986-00395366 based on realism key elements of Kolkata
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01326-00395367-00395621 squiz eeen include rice and a fish curry
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01327-00395622-00395912 known as Mac hijae hol which can be
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01328-00395913-00396149 accompanied by desserts such as ro chaga
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01329-00396150-00396410 la san dish and the sweet yogurt known
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01330-00396411-00396755 as misty Dohee Bengals large repertoire
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01331-00396756-00397028 of seafood dishes includes various
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01332-00397029-00397271 preparations of Ilitch a fish that is a
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01333-00397272-00397637 favorite among kal curtains street foods
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01334-00397638-00397916 such as big uni fried battered eggplant
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01335-00397917-00398219 slices Katy roll flatbread roll with
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01336-00398220-00398465 vegetable or chicken mutton or egg
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01337-00398466-00398744 stuffing foot care a deep-fried crepe
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01338-00398745-00399002 with tamarind sauce and Indian Chinese
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01339-00399003-00399233 cuisine from Chinatown are popular
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01340-00399234-00399464 though Bengali women traditionally wear
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01341-00399465-00399731 the sari the shalwar kameez and western
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01342-00399732-00399912 attire is gaining accept
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01343-00399913-00400259 among younger women western-style dress
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01344-00400260-00400475 has greater acceptance among men
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01345-00400476-00400703 although the traditional dhoti and kurta
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01346-00400704-00401132 is seen during festivals Durga Puja held
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01347-00401133-00401412 in September to October is coal katas
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01348-00401413-00401675 most important and largest festival it
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01349-00401676-00401831 is an occasion for glamorous
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01350-00401832-00402116 celebrations and artistic decorations
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01351-00402117-00402471 the Bengali New Year known as pile of
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01352-00402472-00402677 as well as the Harvest Festival
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01353-00402678-00402926 of poche Parvin are among the city's
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01354-00402927-00403223 other festivals also celebrated a Kali
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01355-00403224-00403596 Puja diwali holi jagged archery puja
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01356-00403597-00403934 saraswati puja ratha-yatra jin much to
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01357-00403935-00404249 me maha shivratri Vishwakarma puja
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01358-00404250-00404579 lakshmi puja ganesh chaturthi Makar
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01359-00404580-00404967 Sankranti cajon Kalpataru day by Fanta
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01360-00404968-00405278 mag hot sab Eid Moharram Christmas
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01361-00405279-00405607 buddha purnima and mahavir jayanti
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01362-00405608-00405905 cultural events include the Ravindra J
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01363-00405906-00406191 aunty Independence Day the 15th of
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01364-00406192-00406574 August Republic Day the 26th of January
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01365-00406575-00406866 Kolkata Book Fair the Dover Lane Music
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01366-00406867-00407193 Festival the Kolkata Film Festival Nandi
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01367-00407194-00407469 cos National Theatre Festival statesmen
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01368-00407470-00407729 vintage and classic car rally in Gandhi
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01369-00407730-00408326 Jayanthi
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01370-00408327-00408864 topic media
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01371-00408865-00409179 the first newspaper in India the Bengal
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01372-00409180-00409404 Gazette started publishing from the city
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01373-00409405-00409791 in 1780 among Kolkata's widely
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01374-00409792-00410070 circulated Bengali language newspapers
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01375-00410071-00410241 are Ananda Bazar Patrika
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01376-00410242-00410559 Baartman asa may sang bad Patra sang bad
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01377-00410560-00410802 prat add an odd call day next eights
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01378-00410803-00411120 Minh and gana Shakti The Statesman and
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01379-00411121-00411276 the Telegraph are two major
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01380-00411277-00411501 english-language newspapers that are
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01381-00411502-00411732 produced and published from Kolkata
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01382-00411733-00411999 other popular english-language
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01383-00412000-00412268 newspapers published and sold in Kolkata
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01384-00412270-00412535 include The Times of India Hindustan
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01385-00412537-00412839 Times the Hindu the Indian Express and
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01386-00412839-00413157 the Asian age as the largest trading
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01387-00413158-00413475 center in East India Kolkata has several
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01388-00413476-00413724 high circulation financial dailies
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01389-00413725-00413960 including the economic times the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01390-00413962-00414218 Financial Express business line and
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01391-00414220-00414585 business standard vernacular newspapers
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01392-00414585-00414897 such as those in the Hindi Urdu Gujarati
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01393-00414897-00415263 Odia Punjabi and Chinese languages are
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01394-00415264-00415593 read by minorities major periodicals
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01395-00415593-00415950 based in Kolkata include desh Sunanda
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01396-00415951-00416196 SAP taheke Bart Ehrman Yunus curry
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01397-00416197-00416571 amanda log and ananda mela historically
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01398-00416572-00416814 Kolkata has been the center of the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01399-00416814-00417057 bengali little magazine movement All
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01400-00417058-00417321 India Radio the National state-owned
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01401-00417322-00417609 radio broadcaster as several AM radio
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01402-00417610-00418008 stations in the city Kolkata has twelve
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01403-00418009-00418317 local radio stations broadcasting on FM
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01404-00418318-00418622 including two from Air India's
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01405-00418624-00418863 state-owned television broadcaster
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01406-00418864-00419124 Doordarshan provides two free to air
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01407-00419125-00419349 terrestrial channels while a mix of
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01408-00419350-00419664 Bengali Hindi English and other regional
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01409-00419664-00419880 channels are accessible via cable
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01410-00419881-00420128 subscription Direct broadcast satellite
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01411-00420129-00420464 services or internet-based television
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01412-00420464-00420831 Bengali language 24-hour television news
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01413-00420832-00421155 channels include ABP Ananda Terra news
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01414-00421156-00421557 Kolkata TV 24 Ganter news time and
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01415-00421558-00422170 channel 10
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01416-00422171-00422950 topic sports the most popular sports in
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01417-00422951-00423181 Kolkata a football and cricket
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01418-00423182-00423493 unlike most parts of India the residents
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01419-00423493-00423688 show significant passion for football
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01420-00423689-00424030 the city is home to top national
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01421-00424031-00424258 football clubs such as Mohun Bagan AC
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01422-00424259-00424726 East Bengal FC Prayag United FC and the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01423-00424727-00425026 sporting club Calcutta
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01424-00425027-00425263 Football League which was started in
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01425-00425264-00425584 1898 is the oldest Football League in
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01426-00425585-00425989 Asia Mohun Bagan AC one of the oldest
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01427-00425989-00426231 football clubs in Asia is the only
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01428-00426232-00426487 organization to be dubbed a national
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01429-00426488-00426793 club of India football matches between
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01430-00426793-00427078 Mohun Bagan and East Bengal dubbed as
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01431-00427079-00427300 the Kolkata Derby witnessed large
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01432-00427301-00427534 audience attendance and rivalry between
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01433-00427535-00427947 patrons as in the rest of India cricket
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01434-00427949-00428200 is popular in Kolkata and is played on
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01435-00428201-00428418 grounds and in streets throughout the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01436-00428420-00428755 city Kolkata has the Indian Premier
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01437-00428756-00428983 League franchise Kolkata Knight Riders
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01438-00428984-00429322 the Cricket Association of Bengal which
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01439-00429322-00429622 regulates cricket in West Bengal is also
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01440-00429622-00429774 based in the city
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01441-00429775-00430084 Kolkata also has an Indian Super League
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01442-00430085-00430458 franchise known as atlético de Kolkata
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01443-00430459-00430735 tournaments especially those involving
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01444-00430735-00431064 cricket football badminton and carom are
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01445-00431066-00431329 regularly organised on an interlocal T
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01446-00431330-00431725 or inter Club basis the Maidan a vast
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01447-00431726-00431950 field that serves as the city's largest
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01448-00431951-00432250 park hosts several minor football and
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01449-00432251-00432472 cricket clubs and coaching Institute's
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01450-00432472-00432789 Eden Gardens which has a capacity of
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01451-00432789-00433183 68,000 as of 2017 hosted the final match
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01452-00433184-00433612 of the 1987 Cricket World Cup it is home
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01453-00433613-00433818 to the Bengal cricket team and the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01454-00433820-00434235 Kolkata Knight Riders the multi-use salt
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01455-00434237-00434521 lake stadium also known as UVO Bharati
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01456-00434522-00434793 crowing gun is India's largest stadium
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01457-00434795-00435153 by seating capacity most matches of the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01458-00435154-00435550 2017 FIFA u-17 World Cup were played in
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01459-00435551-00435768 the salt lake stadium including both
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01460-00435769-00436070 semi-final matches in the final match
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01461-00436071-00436472 Kolkata also accounted for 45% of total
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01462-00436473-00436918 attendance in 2017 FIFA u-17 World Cup
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01463-00436918-00437310 with an average of 55 thousand 345
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01464-00437311-00437662 spectators the Calcutta cricket and
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01465-00437663-00437877 football club is the second oldest
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01466-00437878-00438031 cricket club in the world
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01467-00438032-00438331 Kolkata z' netaji Indoor Stadium served
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01468-00438332-00438629 as host of the 1981 Asian Basketball
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01469-00438630-00438879 Championship where India's national
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01470-00438880-00439141 basketball team finished fifth ahead of
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01471-00439142-00439372 teams that belong to Asia's basketball
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01472-00439372-00439718 elite such as Iran the city has three
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01473-00439719-00440079 18-hole golf courses the oldest is at
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01474-00440080-00440304 the Royal Calcutta Golf Club the first
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01475-00440305-00440575 Golf Club built outside the United
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01476-00440576-00440895 Kingdom the other two are located at the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01477-00440896-00441229 Tony gunge Club and at Fort William the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01478-00441230-00441466 Royal Calcutta turf club hosts
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01479-00441467-00441733 horse-racing in polo matches the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01480-00441734-00441975 Calcutta Polo Club is considered the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01481-00441976-00442339 oldest extant Polo Club in the world the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01482-00442339-00442581 Calcutta racquet club is a squash and
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01483-00442582-00442937 racket club in Kolkata it was founded in
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01484-00442938-00443295 1793 making it one of the oldest rackets
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01485-00443296-00443524 clubs in the world and the first in the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01486-00443525-00443872 Indian subcontinent the Calcutta South
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01487-00443872-00444085 Club is a venue for national and
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01488-00444085-00444343 international tennis tournaments it held
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01489-00444343-00444525 the first grass court national
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01490-00444526-00445056 championship in 1946 in the period 2005
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01491-00445057-00445447 to 2007 some feast open a Tier three
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01492-00445447-00445645 tournament on the Women's Tennis
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01493-00445646-00445906 Association circuit was held in the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01494-00445907-00446095 Netaji Indoor Stadium
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01495-00446096-00446320 it has since been discontinued the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01496-00446321-00446562 Calcutta rowing club hosts rowing heats
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01497-00446563-00446872 and training events Kolkata
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01498-00446872-00447093 considered the leading center of rugby
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01499-00447094-00447352 union in India gives its name to the
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01500-00447353-00447589 oldest international tournament in rugby
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01501-00447589-00447960 union the Calcutta Cup the Automobile
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01502-00447961-00448243 Association of eastern India established
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01503-00448243-00448587 in 1904 and the Bengal motor sports club
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01504-00448588-00448812 are involved in promoting motorsports
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01505-00448813-00448906 and Karan
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01506-00448907-00449299 in Kolkata and West Bengal the baton cup
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01507-00449300-00449568 an event organised by the Bengal Hockey
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01508-00449570-00449950 Association and first played in 1895 is
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01509-00449951-00450210 India's oldest field hockey tournament
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01510-00450212-00450433 it is usually held on the moyen began
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01511-00450434-00450751 ground of the Maidan athletes from
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01512-00450752-00451068 Kolkata include Sourav Ganguly Pankaj
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01513-00451070-00451327 Roy and Jalan Goswami who are former
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01514-00451328-00451525 captains of the Indian national cricket
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01515-00451526-00451785 team Olympic tennis bronze medalist
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01516-00451787-00452032 Leander Paes golfer Arjun Atwal
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01517-00452033-00452278 and former footballers sailin Manor
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01518-00452279-00452610 chuni Goswami PK Banerjee and subrata
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01519-00452612-00453237 Bhattacharya
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01520-00453238-00453852 topic sister cities
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01521-00453853-00454368 Dhaka Bangladesh Kunming China October
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01522-00454368-00454883 2013 thessaloniki the 21st of January
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01523-00454884-00455107 2005
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01524-00455108-00455383 Naples Italy
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01525-00455384-00455901 Karachi Pakistan Incheon South Korea
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01526-00455902-00456578 Odessa Ukraine Jersey City United States
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01527-00456579-00456891 long beach United States
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01528-00456892-00457552 Dallas United States
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01529-00457553-00458129 topic see also
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01530-00458130-00458629 list of people from Kolkata West Bengal
+iyTenXyk5Q0-01531-00458630-00459137 list of children's museums in India
+iz1AOMdg6WY-00000-00000947-00001536 [Music]
+iz1AOMdg6WY-00001-00001537-00002368 thank you
+iz1AOMdg6WY-00002-00002369-00002602 so when we're talking about moving
+iz1AOMdg6WY-00003-00002603-00002765 through the mountains efficiently and
+iz1AOMdg6WY-00004-00002766-00002939 quickly some of the top things that come
+iz1AOMdg6WY-00005-00002940-00003251 to mind for me is number one is is
+iz1AOMdg6WY-00006-00003252-00003533 Absolute Fitness it all starts with your
+iz1AOMdg6WY-00007-00003534-00003761 Fitness and the ability to move through
+iz1AOMdg6WY-00008-00003761-00004001 difficult terrain smoothly and quickly
+iz1AOMdg6WY-00009-00004002-00004265 when it comes to hunting day after day
+iz1AOMdg6WY-00010-00004266-00004553 you have to have a good cardio ability
+iz1AOMdg6WY-00011-00004554-00004781 it's the combination of cardio and
+iz1AOMdg6WY-00012-00004782-00005002 strength so when you're moving through
+iz1AOMdg6WY-00013-00005003-00005327 Rocky terrain Rock hopping a lot of it
+iz1AOMdg6WY-00014-00005328-00005549 is strength and having the ability to
+iz1AOMdg6WY-00015-00005550-00005825 move quickly over a number of different
+iz1AOMdg6WY-00016-00005826-00006088 different rocks and keeping your head up
+iz1AOMdg6WY-00017-00006089-00006334 although at the same time knowing
+iz1AOMdg6WY-00018-00006335-00006556 exactly where your foot placement is
+iz1AOMdg6WY-00019-00006558-00006803 so that's a bit of a bit of a
+iz1AOMdg6WY-00020-00006804-00006991 challenging one and take some practice
+iz1AOMdg6WY-00021-00006992-00007253 to be really efficient at it the next
+iz1AOMdg6WY-00022-00007254-00007655 thing is trekking poles uh I'll tell you
+iz1AOMdg6WY-00023-00007656-00007937 I look at trekking poles as an extra set
+iz1AOMdg6WY-00024-00007938-00008153 of legs four legs are better than two
+iz1AOMdg6WY-00025-00008154-00008291 when it comes to moving through the
+iz1AOMdg6WY-00026-00008292-00008435 mountains if you ever watch sheep or
+iz1AOMdg6WY-00027-00008436-00008777 goats so yeah trekking poles are such a
+iz1AOMdg6WY-00028-00008778-00009119 huge factor for me making sure that I've
+iz1AOMdg6WY-00029-00009120-00009431 always got them with me and I'm using
+iz1AOMdg6WY-00030-00009432-00009791 them efficiently and properly as well uh
+iz1AOMdg6WY-00031-00009792-00010078 you know the carbide poles and certainly
+iz1AOMdg6WY-00032-00010079-00010403 carbon fiber lighting them up are my
+iz1AOMdg6WY-00033-00010404-00010685 choice as far as poles go now and then
+iz1AOMdg6WY-00034-00010686-00010973 boots you have to have a good solid pair
+iz1AOMdg6WY-00035-00010974-00011185 of boots that are going to be able to
+iz1AOMdg6WY-00036-00011186-00011506 withstand the obviously the beading up
+iz1AOMdg6WY-00037-00011507-00011692 in the rocks that they're going to take
+iz1AOMdg6WY-00038-00011693-00011885 but they also have to have great ankle
+iz1AOMdg6WY-00039-00011886-00012119 support because when you step onto a
+iz1AOMdg6WY-00040-00012120-00012383 rock and it moves you obviously don't
+iz1AOMdg6WY-00041-00012384-00012646 want to twist an ankle and good ankle
+iz1AOMdg6WY-00042-00012647-00012844 support is going to be key to be able to
+iz1AOMdg6WY-00043-00012845-00013108 move from that Boulder that just just
+iz1AOMdg6WY-00044-00013109-00013372 tipped over on you to the next one and
+iz1AOMdg6WY-00045-00013373-00013672 often you can get ahead of yourself and
+iz1AOMdg6WY-00046-00013673-00013897 if you get moving too fast
+iz1AOMdg6WY-00047-00013897-00014213 and a rock moves underneath you it
+iz1AOMdg6WY-00048-00014213-00014458 starts to throw you off balance so the
+iz1AOMdg6WY-00049-00014459-00014819 the quickest way to being efficient
+iz1AOMdg6WY-00050-00014819-00015155 there is to get over those few Boulders
+iz1AOMdg6WY-00051-00015156-00015472 that are moving and then stop reset and
+iz1AOMdg6WY-00052-00015473-00015694 go again and then if you've got a really
+iz1AOMdg6WY-00053-00015695-00015851 heavy pack that's a little little bit of
+iz1AOMdg6WY-00054-00015852-00016061 a different challenge because now you
+iz1AOMdg6WY-00055-00016062-00016313 can't necessarily move really quickly
+iz1AOMdg6WY-00056-00016313-00016607 and smoothly sometimes if your Pack's 90
+iz1AOMdg6WY-00057-00016608-00016811 100 pounds whatever it is when you're
+iz1AOMdg6WY-00058-00016812-00017093 packing out but then again what happens
+iz1AOMdg6WY-00059-00017094-00017411 there is the strength Factor if you have
+iz1AOMdg6WY-00060-00017412-00017777 good solid you know strong legs and you
+iz1AOMdg6WY-00061-00017778-00017975 also have good cardio you'll be able to
+iz1AOMdg6WY-00062-00017976-00018203 power through those times when you do
+iz1AOMdg6WY-00063-00018204-00018425 have a heavy pack and the Rocks do tip
+iz1AOMdg6WY-00064-00018426-00018629 over on you or it's just a Boulder Field
+iz1AOMdg6WY-00065-00018630-00018869 and everything wants to move it's about
+iz1AOMdg6WY-00066-00018870-00019067 putting all those things together to
+iz1AOMdg6WY-00067-00019068-00019307 make you efficient in the mountains to
+iz1AOMdg6WY-00068-00019308-00019529 make you last longer and hopefully pack
+iz1AOMdg6WY-00069-00019530-00019649 out heavy
+iz1AOMdg6WY-00070-00019650-00019913 foreign
+iz1AOMdg6WY-00071-00019914-00021069 [Music]
+iz1AOMdg6WY-00072-00021070-00021756 [Music]
+iz1AOMdg6WY-00073-00021757-00022069 [Music]
+iFiitqygktu-00001-00005568-00006550 a
+iFiitqygktu-00002-00006551-00008399 b
+iFiitqygktu-00004-00011615-00014007 foreign
+iFiitqygktu-00005-00014008-00014358 leisure
+iFiitqygktu-00006-00014359-00015863 foreign
+iFiitqygktu-00008-00019346-00020348 [Music]
+iFiitqygktu-00009-00020349-00020839 [Music]
+iFiitqygktu-00010-00020840-00021822 foreign
+iFiitqygktu-00011-00021823-00023830 foreign
+iFiitqygktu-00012-00023831-00026662 foreign
+iFiitqygktu-00013-00026663-00027574 my
+iFiitqygktu-00014-00027575-00029190 spike phoebe
+iFiitqygktu-00015-00029191-00030302 m
+iFiitqygktu-00016-00030303-00031327 foreign
+iFiitqygktu-00017-00031327-00033295 oh
+iFiitqygktu-00018-00033296-00035887 foreign
+iFiitqygktu-00019-00035888-00037359 foreign
+iFiitqygktu-00020-00037360-00037732 foreign
+iFiitqygktu-00021-00037733-00038927 [Music]
+iFiitqygktu-00022-00038928-00039527 foreign
+iFiitqygktu-00023-00039528-00041167 oh now
+iFiitqygktu-00024-00041168-00043704 foreign
+iFiitqygktu-00025-00043705-00044095 [Music]
+iFiitqygktu-00026-00044096-00045239 ah
+iFiitqygktu-00030-00057176-00058204 food
+iFiitqygktu-00031-00058204-00058766 [Applause]
+iFiitqygktu-00032-00058767-00060982 huna
+iFiitqygktu-00033-00060983-00062647 oh
+iFiitqygktu-00034-00062648-00065015 foreign
+iFiitqygktu-00035-00065016-00065302 foreign
+iFiitqygktu-00036-00065303-00065333 [Applause]
+iFiitqygktu-00037-00065334-00066471 [Music]
+iFiitqygktu-00038-00066472-00068582 connect
+iFiitqygktu-00039-00068583-00070463 oh
+iFiitqygktu-00040-00070464-00072335 foreign
+iFiitqygktu-00041-00072336-00074135 hello
+iFiitqygktu-00042-00074136-00074662 foreign
+iFiitqygktu-00043-00074663-00075357 foreign
+iFiitqygktu-00044-00075358-00075999 [Music]
+iFiitqygktu-00045-00076000-00077402 be
+iFiitqygktu-00046-00077403-00078553 [Music]
+iFiitqygktu-00047-00078554-00079126 [Music]
+iFiitqygktu-00048-00079127-00081223 rocks
+iFiitqygktu-00049-00081224-00081838 so for all
+iFiitqygktu-00050-00085504-00087382 foreign
+iFiitqygktu-00051-00087383-00088888 uh
+iFiitqygktu-00053-00092416-00095167 o'clock
+iFiitqygktu-00055-00098384-00099118 [Applause]
+iFiitqygktu-00056-00099119-00101150 them
+iFiitqygktu-00058-00104519-00105783 oh
+iFiitqygktu-00059-00105783-00108488 b
+iFiitqygktu-00060-00108489-00109286 [Applause]
+iFiitqygktu-00061-00109288-00109702 m
+iFiitqygktu-00062-00109703-00111766 here
+iFiitqygktu-00063-00111767-00113063 foreign
+iFiitqygktu-00064-00113064-00114102 oh
+iFiitqygktu-00065-00114103-00114531 huh
+iFiitqygktu-00066-00114532-00115727 [Applause]
+iFiitqygktu-00067-00115728-00117566 daddy
+iFiitqygktu-00068-00117567-00118910 oh
+iFiitqygktu-00069-00118911-00119777 foreign
+iFiitqygktu-00070-00119778-00120278 [Applause]
+iFiitqygktu-00071-00120279-00120573 uh
+iFiitqygktu-00072-00120574-00121486 [Applause]
+iFiitqygktu-00073-00121488-00123478 foreign
+iFiitqygktu-00076-00132352-00134302 bye
+iFiitqygktu-00077-00134303-00135143 hey
+iFiitqygktu-00078-00137591-00140478 foreign
+iFiitqygktu-00079-00140479-00140942 foreign
+iFiitqygktu-00080-00140943-00142231 [Applause]
+iFiitqygktu-00081-00142232-00143023 my
+iFiitqygktu-00082-00143024-00145423 foreign
+iFiitqygktu-00083-00145424-00145831 hey
+iFiitqygktu-00084-00145832-00146891 foreign
+iFiitqygktu-00085-00146892-00147447 [Music]
+iFiitqygktu-00086-00147448-00150363 is
+iFiitqygktu-00087-00150364-00152446 a clock
+iFiitqygktu-00088-00152447-00153078 [Applause]
+iFiitqygktu-00089-00153079-00156001 foreign
+iFiitqygktu-00090-00156002-00157102 [Music]
+iFiitqygktu-00091-00157103-00158990 uh
+iFiitqygktu-00092-00158991-00160807 foreign
+iFiitqygktu-00093-00160808-00161231 huh
+iFiitqygktu-00094-00161232-00163326 foreign
+iFiitqygktu-00095-00163327-00165238 on
+iFiitqygktu-00096-00165239-00166319 oh
+iFiitqygktu-00097-00166320-00167743 is
+iFiitqygktu-00098-00167744-00168711 here
+iFiitqygktu-00099-00168712-00170071 foreign
+iFiitqygktu-00100-00170072-00170312 that's
+iGl0RGCa_IE-00000-00000048-00000478 to start is the obvious stripping
+iGl0RGCa_IE-00001-00000479-00000630 yes
+iGl0RGCa_IE-00002-00000631-00000886 teaching pole becoming a certified whole
+iGl0RGCa_IE-00003-00000888-00001047 instructor
+iGl0RGCa_IE-00004-00001048-00001254 you can also like become a studio owner
+iGl0RGCa_IE-00005-00001255-00001399 too that's another way you can make
+iGl0RGCa_IE-00006-00001400-00001487 money
+iGl0RGCa_IE-00007-00001488-00001671 traveling pool party things so many ways
+iGl0RGCa_IE-00008-00001672-00001902 to use verification and do it you can
+iGl0RGCa_IE-00009-00001903-00002030 become a
+iGl0RGCa_IE-00010-00002032-00002310 life coach and there is online stripping
+iGl0RGCa_IE-00011-00002311-00002591 too let me see patreon or only fans or
+iGl0RGCa_IE-00012-00002592-00002758 just for fans or some kind of like
+iGl0RGCa_IE-00013-00002759-00002966 subscription thing ambassador stuff for
+iGl0RGCa_IE-00014-00002967-00003158 poll things which you can get money
+iGl0RGCa_IE-00015-00003159-00003375 posting um
+iGl0RGCa_IE-00016-00003376-00003543 like things for poll like hey i tried
+iGl0RGCa_IE-00017-00003544-00003654 this grip
+iGl0RGCa_IE-00018-00003655-00003806 um
+iGl0RGCa_IE-00019-00003807-00004031 stuff and they'll pay you
+iGl0RGCa_IE-00020-00004032-00004254 another way you can make money
+iGl0RGCa_IE-00021-00004255-00004431 through pole dance is developing a
+iGl0RGCa_IE-00022-00004432-00004727 product pole dancers are always amazing
+iGl0RGCa_IE-00023-00004728-00004943 in music videos everyone should hire
+iGl0RGCa_IE-00024-00004944-00005143 pole dancers to be in their music videos
+iGl0RGCa_IE-00025-00005144-00005335 and so you can also just be a performer
+iGl0RGCa_IE-00026-00005336-00005739 you can perform on stage
+iHyGUCySSsy-00000-00000007-00001002 [Music]
+iHyGUCySSsy-00001-00001003-00002883 [Music]
+iHyGUCySSsy-00002-00002884-00003025 do
+iHyGUCySSsy-00004-00022484-00023300 do
+iHyGUCySSsy-00005-00023301-00026223 [Music]
+iHyGUCySSsy-00006-00026224-00026432 you
+iKsoEgzZM5k-00000-00000835-00001711 [Music]
+iKsoEgzZM5k-00001-00001712-00003902 [Music]
+iKsoEgzZM5k-00002-00003903-00005054 [Music]
+iKsoEgzZM5k-00003-00005055-00005207 be
+iKsoEgzZM5k-00004-00005208-00006111 [Music]
+iKsoEgzZM5k-00005-00006112-00006287 cool
+iKsoEgzZM5k-00006-00006288-00007065 [Music]
+iKuzxRh3va0-00000-00000000-00000227 what I find interesting about the
+iKuzxRh3va0-00001-00000228-00000449 process for many of us this realization
+iKuzxRh3va0-00002-00000450-00000778 I feel happens in the physical world and
+iKuzxRh3va0-00003-00000779-00000977 biologically speaking collecting
+iKuzxRh3va0-00004-00000977-00001169 possessions led to Safety and Security
+iKuzxRh3va0-00005-00001170-00001450 resources were scarce so we're wired to
+iKuzxRh3va0-00006-00001451-00001655 hold on to things and then we'll watch a
+iKuzxRh3va0-00007-00001655-00001798 show like hoarders and go you know what
+iKuzxRh3va0-00008-00001800-00001955 I need to do that spring cleaning or I
+iKuzxRh3va0-00009-00001955-00002213 should empty my closet
+iKuzxRh3va0-00010-00002214-00002392 but we also now live in a digital world
+iKuzxRh3va0-00011-00002393-00002615 and we look at well we go to get the
+iKuzxRh3va0-00012-00002616-00002837 next iPhone well I gotta get double the
+iKuzxRh3va0-00013-00002838-00003034 memory not because I'm going back
+iKuzxRh3va0-00014-00003035-00003173 through and deleting all the blurry
+iKuzxRh3va0-00015-00003174-00003347 photos and the videos that don't matter
+iKuzxRh3va0-00016-00003347-00003604 but I'm carrying this digital load with
+iKuzxRh3va0-00017-00003605-00003827 me and then in The X Factor accelerator
+iKuzxRh3va0-00018-00003828-00004043 with our members there's also a lot of
+iKuzxRh3va0-00019-00004044-00004295 these relationship ties that we hold on
+iKuzxRh3va0-00020-00004296-00004385 to
+iKuzxRh3va0-00021-00004386-00004535 because we're like well I know this
+iKuzxRh3va0-00022-00004536-00004697 person isn't great for me now doesn't
+iKuzxRh3va0-00023-00004698-00004852 have the same values they were a great
+iKuzxRh3va0-00024-00004853-00004991 friend in college but they care about
+iKuzxRh3va0-00025-00004992-00005254 different things but I can't subtract
+iKuzxRh3va0-00026-00005255-00005501 this person from my life I have to keep
+iKuzxRh3va0-00027-00005502-00005765 this relationship and and you ask well
+iKuzxRh3va0-00028-00005766-00005897 was that a fulfilling experience
+iKuzxRh3va0-00029-00005898-00006070 spending time with that person is it
+iKuzxRh3va0-00030-00006071-00006263 fulfilling to be sinking this much
+iKuzxRh3va0-00031-00006264-00006520 energy into a relationship that you
+iKuzxRh3va0-00032-00006522-00006670 don't feel good about
+iKuzxRh3va0-00033-00006672-00006881 that time could be better spent finding
+iKuzxRh3va0-00034-00006881-00007025 a new relationship finding a better
+iKuzxRh3va0-00035-00007026-00007228 partner finding a better Social Circle
+iKuzxRh3va0-00036-00007229-00007451 for you and who you are currently
+iKuzxRh3va0-00037-00007452-00007720 but it's interesting that we look in our
+iKuzxRh3va0-00038-00007722-00007883 closet first we look in the freezer
+iKuzxRh3va0-00039-00007884-00008117 first we don't look at our time and we
+iKuzxRh3va0-00040-00008118-00008321 don't look at the digital world and how
+iKuzxRh3va0-00041-00008322-00008471 it's impacting us and weighing us down
+iKuzxRh3va0-00042-00008472-00008627 as well yeah I mean it's a little bit
+iKuzxRh3va0-00043-00008628-00008801 about the you know the same visibility
+iKuzxRh3va0-00044-00008802-00009028 that hinders subtraction right you don't
+iKuzxRh3va0-00045-00009029-00009209 see it so you don't think of it and it's
+iKuzxRh3va0-00046-00009210-00009431 the the same with the activities
+iKuzxRh3va0-00047-00009432-00009635 um I also like what you said about the
+iKuzxRh3va0-00048-00009636-00009869 division slash values right because
+iKuzxRh3va0-00049-00009870-00010031 people will often ask me well should I
+iKuzxRh3va0-00050-00010032-00010259 subtract this thing and you know most of
+iKuzxRh3va0-00051-00010260-00010427 the time I don't have a strong opinion
+iKuzxRh3va0-00052-00010428-00010733 on whether they should subtract X you
+iKuzxRh3va0-00053-00010734-00010985 know do you like it does it align with
+iKuzxRh3va0-00054-00010986-00011188 what's fulfilling you does is it pushing
+iKuzxRh3va0-00055-00011189-00011381 you in the direction that you want to go
+iKuzxRh3va0-00056-00011382-00011627 um and it you know that the vision and
+iKuzxRh3va0-00057-00011628-00011837 the values those are the the filters
+iKuzxRh3va0-00058-00011838-00012010 that tell you what what's good to
+iKuzxRh3va0-00059-00012011-00012238 subtract and what's good to add for you
+iKuzxRh3va0-00060-00012239-00012449 I've also heard it put uh kind of
+iKuzxRh3va0-00061-00012450-00012617 similar to what you said Johnny where
+iKuzxRh3va0-00062-00012618-00012988 when you choose to add something to your
+iKuzxRh3va0-00063-00012989-00013277 calendar you're basically saying no to
+iKuzxRh3va0-00064-00013278-00013535 every other single thing thing during
+iKuzxRh3va0-00065-00013536-00013780 that time which is you know framing it
+iKuzxRh3va0-00066-00013781-00013936 that way then you're like oh man I
+iKuzxRh3va0-00067-00013937-00014207 better I better really be careful with
+iKuzxRh3va0-00068-00014208-00014488 what I with what I add and I found that
+iKuzxRh3va0-00069-00014490-00014722 it's in the moment it feels good right
+iKuzxRh3va0-00070-00014723-00014927 it's like well I took some some free
+iKuzxRh3va0-00071-00014928-00015107 time I made myself busy I'm
+iKuzxRh3va0-00072-00015108-00015286 accomplishing something right the
+iKuzxRh3va0-00073-00015287-00015461 competence piece I'm adding something to
+iKuzxRh3va0-00074-00015462-00015725 my calendar and busy feels good it feels
+iKuzxRh3va0-00075-00015726-00015958 like we're moving forward unfortunately
+iKuzxRh3va0-00076-00015959-00016133 on the hedonic treadmill a lot of this
+iKuzxRh3va0-00077-00016134-00016330 busy time is not really moving us
+iKuzxRh3va0-00078-00016331-00016571 forward towards the core values
+iKuzxRh3va0-00079-00016572-00016769 and asking yourself how will I feel
+iKuzxRh3va0-00080-00016770-00016925 about this when that day actually
+iKuzxRh3va0-00081-00016926-00017177 arrives right so like I feel good now
+iKuzxRh3va0-00082-00017178-00017333 saying yes to this person maybe I don't
+iKuzxRh3va0-00083-00017334-00017447 want to get in Conflict I don't want to
+iKuzxRh3va0-00084-00017448-00017572 say no to lunch
+iKuzxRh3va0-00085-00017573-00017836 but next Tuesday when I still have this
+iKuzxRh3va0-00086-00017837-00017999 project looming and I haven't finished
+iKuzxRh3va0-00087-00018000-00018215 cleaning out the closet for my wife am I
+iKuzxRh3va0-00088-00018216-00018503 Really Gonna feel good driving parking
+iKuzxRh3va0-00089-00018504-00018694 sitting down for lunch not having an
+iKuzxRh3va0-00090-00018695-00018905 agenda then getting back in the car and
+iKuzxRh3va0-00091-00018906-00019127 dealing with LA traffic so just that
+iKuzxRh3va0-00092-00019128-00019379 simple ass how will I feel in the in the
+iKuzxRh3va0-00093-00019380-00019535 moment that I'm actually committing to
+iKuzxRh3va0-00094-00019536-00019769 not the the moment in time where I'm
+iKuzxRh3va0-00095-00019770-00019913 actually saying yes where I get that hit
+iKuzxRh3va0-00096-00019914-00020189 of dopamine I feel good can combat some
+iKuzxRh3va0-00097-00020190-00020787 of that busyness that we feel
+iKuzxRh3va0-00098-00020788-00021567 [Music]
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00000-00000049-00000294 the program and system information
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00001-00000295-00000636 protocol psi P is the MPEG a video and
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00002-00000637-00000824 audio industry group and privately
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00003-00000825-00001029 defined program specific information
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00004-00001030-00001295 originally defined by general instrument
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00005-00001296-00001499 for the didja cypher 2 system and later
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00006-00001500-00001784 extended for the ATSC digital television
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00007-00001785-00001997 system for carrying metadata about each
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00008-00001998-00002201 channel in the broadcast MPEG transport
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00009-00002202-00002454 stream of a television station and for
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00010-00002455-00002660 publishing information about television
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00011-00002661-00002879 programs so that viewers can select what
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00012-00002880-00003590 to watch by title and description
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00013-00003590-00004104 topic function
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00014-00004105-00004428 PS IP defines virtual channels and
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00015-00004429-00004644 content ratings as well as electronic
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00016-00004645-00004818 program guides with titles and
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00017-00004819-00005022 optionally descriptions to be decoded
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00018-00005023-00005442 and displayed by the ATSC tuner PS IP
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00019-00005443-00005802 can also send the exact time reference
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00020-00005803-00006218 to UTC and GPS time the short name which
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00021-00006219-00006407 some stations use to publish their
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00022-00006408-00006717 callsign a maximum of seven characters
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00023-00006718-00006995 can be used in a short name psi P is
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00024-00006997-00007349 defined in ATSC standard 865 the most
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00025-00007350-00007719 recent revision of which is 865 - 2013
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00026-00007720-00008145 published in 2013 a 69 is a recommended
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00027-00008145-00008406 practice for implementing psi P in a
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00028-00008407-00008718 television station psi P also supersedes
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00029-00008719-00009069 the 855 and a 56 protocol methods of
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00030-00009070-00009266 delivering program guide information
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00031-00009267-00009627 which the ATSC has deleted TV Guide
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00032-00009628-00009858 on-screen as a different proprietary
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00033-00009859-00010068 system provided by data casting on a
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00034-00010069-00010349 single station while psi P is required
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00035-00010350-00010599 at least in the United States to be sent
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00036-00010600-00010983 by every digital television station psi
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00037-00010984-00011202 P information may be passed through the
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00038-00011203-00011463 air chain using proprietary protocols or
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00039-00011464-00011652 through use of the programming metadata
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00040-00011653-00012389 communication protocol metadata scheme
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00041-00012390-00012728 topic programming metadata communication
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00042-00012729-00013113 protocol
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00043-00013115-00013441 PM CP defined in the advanced television
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00044-00013441-00013852 systems committees a 76b provides ATSC
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00045-00013853-00014061 broadcasters with a standardized means
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00046-00014062-00014358 to exchange system information SI among
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00047-00014359-00014544 systems that create and manage these
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00048-00014545-00014838 data elements these systems can be
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00049-00014840-00015094 outside program listing services program
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00050-00015094-00015313 management systems traffic commercial
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00051-00015313-00015516 and program scheduling and broadcast
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00052-00015518-00015727 automation systems which all contribute
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00053-00015728-00016044 a portion of the PS IP data to a psi P
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00054-00016045-00016434 generator at the heart of PM CP as an
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00055-00016435-00016737 XML schema actually a collection of XML
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00056-00016738-00016966 schema definition files which provide a
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00057-00016967-00017211 standardized structure into which sy n
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00058-00017212-00017602 psi P related data may be exchanged PM
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00059-00017603-00017856 CP does not dictate system's internal
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00060-00017857-00018049 database structures it is simply a
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00061-00018050-00018264 platform-independent protocol for the
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00062-00018265-00018522 exchange of data PM CP was first
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00063-00018523-00018886 published as a 76 in November 2004 and
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00064-00018887-00019083 enjoys adoption from a variety of
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00065-00019084-00019325 broadcast equipment and system vendors
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00066-00019326-00019593 to revisions largely backwards
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00067-00019594-00019786 compatible with the standard have been
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00068-00019787-00020299 made ATSC a 76 a extended PMC p to
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00069-00020300-00020503 include metadata necessary for proper
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00070-00020504-00020743 signaling of a CA P data broadcast
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00071-00020744-00021142 elements in a 76 B was released in 2007
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00072-00021143-00021349 fixed some errors and made the schema
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00073-00021350-00021762 usable with the related SMPTE s 202 1 bx
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00074-00021763-00022366 f schema
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00075-00022367-00022937 topic included tables
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00076-00022938-00023386 system timetable stt
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00077-00023387-00023580 transmitted at least once per second
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00078-00023581-00023794 with an accuracy of new time values
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00079-00023795-00024139 within one second or better master guide
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00080-00024140-00024574 table mgt data pointers to other PS IP
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00081-00024575-00024955 tables terrestrial virtual channel table
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00082-00024956-00025366 TV CT defines each virtual Channel and
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00083-00025367-00025636 enables EITS to be associated with the
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00084-00025637-00026011 channel cable virtual channel table cv
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00085-00026012-00026337 CT assigns numbers to each virtual
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00086-00026338-00026583 Channel and enables EITS to be
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00087-00026585-00026877 associated with the channel rating
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00088-00026879-00027264 Region table rrt content ratings for
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00089-00027266-00027448 each country region covered by the
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00090-00027449-00027712 station save the u.s. as that region is
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00091-00027713-00027969 loaded into television sets already
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00092-00027970-00028429 event information table III titles and
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00093-00028430-00028780 program guide data extended text table
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00094-00028781-00029289 et T channel extended text table CET T
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00095-00029289-00029674 detailed descriptions of channels Avent
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00096-00029675-00030061 extended text table eett detailed
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00097-00030062-00030268 descriptions of aired events directed
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00098-00030269-00030687 channel change table DCCT the DCC
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00099-00030688-00030870 function lets broadcasters tell a
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00100-00030872-00031077 digital television receiver where to
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00101-00031078-00031295 change based upon the viewer settings
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00102-00031297-00031602 this is most likely to be a zip or other
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00103-00031603-00031777 postal code which can select
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00104-00031777-00031975 demographically based programming to
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00105-00031976-00032196 show such as television commercials or
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00106-00032197-00032419 weather bulletins possibly taken from an
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00107-00032420-00032700 accompanying data casting channel
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00108-00032701-00032958 implementation of the DCC feature is
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00109-00032959-00033154 entirely optional and depends on
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00110-00033155-00033337 development of receiver and decoder
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00111-00033338-00033664 technology for example a digital video
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00112-00033665-00033852 recorder could record commercial
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00113-00033853-00034042 broadcast at other times for later
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00114-00034043-00034246 replay so that many more different
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00115-00034247-00034435 commercials could be shown in different
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00116-00034436-00034654 parts of a large metro area than can
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00117-00034655-00035002 actually be transmitted at once directed
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00118-00035003-00035283 channel change selection code table DCC
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00119-00035284-00035637 SCT provides for the ability to update
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00120-00035638-00035914 states counties and program genres used
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00121-00035915-00036583 in DCC teas
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00122-00036584-00037129 topic see also
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00123-00037130-00037505 electronic program guide equals equals
+iNsgOi3Dptu-00124-00037506-00037748 notes
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00000-00000035-00000076 foreign
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00001-00000077-00000762 [Music]
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00002-00000763-00001495 [Music]
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00003-00001496-00001798 it's about 10 miles south of the New
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00004-00001800-00002092 Forest oh okay what why are you sending
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00005-00002093-00002368 Luke Skywalker back to me because I
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00006-00002369-00002476 don't even have your address mini
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00007-00002477-00002734 locates me I reckon he definitely asked
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00008-00002735-00002945 to go see hands so I was like getting
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00009-00002946-00003311 D.A package also did I just hear singing
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00010-00003311-00003556 singing you said oh yeah you know what
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00011-00003557-00003904 else starts with s oh no slip knot no
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00012-00003905-00004181 your fav hands no and I watched lust
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00013-00004182-00004511 academy yesterday yeah loved it and it's
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00014-00004512-00004865 my favorite dude it's quite wild soon
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00015-00004866-00005086 and it's great haha Miss pogger thanks
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00016-00005087-00005291 so much
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00017-00005292-00005536 thank you
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00018-00005537-00005788 again you can play sandbox mode and you
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00019-00005789-00006029 could play a story mode but I chose
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00020-00006030-00006347 story mode before sandbox I'm a bit hard
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00021-00006348-00006784 but yeah yeah it's pretty wild
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00022-00006786-00007060 yeah yes dancing is good exercise if you
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00023-00007061-00007355 do it for three hours dancing as a
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00024-00007356-00007510 fitness keeper should never be
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00025-00007511-00007864 underestimated there has no no I could
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00026-00007865-00008134 do like half an hour a day add some good
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00027-00008136-00008459 cardio right there three hours hey fresh
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00028-00008460-00008687 ribbon is finished I thought there's no
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00029-00008688-00008941 season two they only of season one
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00030-00008942-00009251 and that came out ages ago season one I
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00031-00009252-00009556 don't know
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00032-00009557-00009785 it would be nice to play geoguessa will
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00033-00009786-00010037 you or perhaps have a game from internet
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00034-00010038-00010205 yeah yeah we can we can do we can do
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00035-00010206-00010523 ideas today that's fine we can do it
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00036-00010524-00010763 yeah sir
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00037-00010764-00010889 um
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00038-00010890-00011206 four guys and then um
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00039-00011207-00011477 you said you put it in the memes huh
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00040-00011478-00011903 cup playing a meme game oh oh Swedish
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00041-00011904-00012147 clothes Swedish naked
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00042-00012148-00012319 [Music]
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00043-00012320-00012551 Easter content yeah there will be there
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00044-00012552-00012874 will be yeah every time yeah a maid
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00045-00012875-00013108 outfit went on PA no I don't Josh
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00046-00013109-00013319 honestly joggers and t-shirt is
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00047-00013319-00013541 perfectly fine
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00048-00013541-00013913 perfectly fine
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00049-00013913-00014171 what the hell
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00050-00014172-00014422 you've seen nothing what's this sometime
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00051-00014423-00014875 Saga try this one
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00052-00014876-00015101 yeah the the only problem is I don't
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00053-00015102-00015311 like playing these website games I don't
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00054-00015312-00015503 trust them I don't know why
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00055-00015504-00015677 just never trust them
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00056-00015678-00015965 what what are you dusting with
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00057-00015966-00016222 oh yeah Justin was
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00058-00016223-00016427 female main character supposed to be
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00059-00016428-00016633 more interesting
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00060-00016634-00016913 it must be a game it was okay thank you
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00061-00016914-00017165 I was helping my mum move stuff around
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00062-00017166-00017422 and she being stubborn as she is she
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00063-00017423-00017741 hurt herself nothing is serious though I
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00064-00017742-00017957 can see where I get my stubbornness from
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00065-00017958-00018233 now I am also feeling okay but that
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00066-00018234-00018457 bruise on my head still hurts
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00067-00018458-00018689 I can imagine the way that you've done
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00068-00018690-00018941 accidentally hit you it's been hard hope
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00069-00018942-00019205 your mum's okay it's not we're all a bit
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00070-00019206-00019830 stubborn
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00071-00019831-00020117 I was helping my mum move stuff around
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00072-00020118-00020380 and she being stubborn as she is she
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00073-00020381-00020597 hurt herself again
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00074-00020598-00021058 um
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00075-00021059-00021208 party
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00076-00021209-00021413 oh God excuse me thanks so much we're
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00077-00021414-00021827 touching my coffee oh I did
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00078-00021828-00022049 Dorian things are super tier one welcome
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00079-00022050-00022499 in thank you so much
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00080-00022500-00022811 I think maybe it's hairless uh maybe yes
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00081-00022812-00023003 yes we'll see we'll see if not then
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00082-00023004-00023839 we'll do it in the week
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00083-00023840-00024083 it's not that many
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00084-00024084-00024341 maybe I'm looking at it wrong though
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00085-00024342-00024503 I don't mind supposed to make a video
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00086-00024504-00024994 with just your wiggles oh my giggles
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00087-00024995-00025186 when I really get the giggles it sounds
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00088-00025187-00025439 crazy I can't stop
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00089-00025440-00025750 a bunch of them were rated okay where he
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00090-00025751-00026002 moved there
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00091-00026004-00026393 I was gonna say [__] what was gonna say
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00092-00026394-00026579 I don't know what's gonna say I'll find
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00093-00026580-00026914 it I'll find it don't worry
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00094-00026916-00027095 there's a lot of them on patreon or
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00095-00027095-00027299 games to play I think yeah we're gonna
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00096-00027300-00027557 sing today or sing
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00097-00027558-00027796 past party okay all right then I'll have
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00098-00027797-00027881 a look
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00099-00027882-00028111 well if you guess check out
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00100-00028112-00028445 apparently lost Academy is a long game I
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00101-00028445-00028624 don't know how long it is out here
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00102-00028625-00028818 bathing suit
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00103-00028819-00029170 friends are family me no I was gonna
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00104-00029172-00029501 make a Sunday dinner today but somebody
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00105-00029502-00029668 else made dinner instead so I'll make a
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00106-00029669-00029962 Sunday dinner Monday dinner tomorrow yay
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00107-00029963-00030220 I had dinner I had a steak
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00108-00030222-00030479 with some prawns
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00109-00030480-00030718 potato
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00110-00030719-00030887 broccoli
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00111-00030888-00031007 [Music]
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00112-00031008-00031086 that was it
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00113-00031087-00031199 [Music]
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00114-00031200-00031349 Peters
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00115-00031350-00031651 a little roast potatoes
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00116-00031652-00031937 season two of lust Academy comes out
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00117-00031938-00032170 soon I think so you've got to get on
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00118-00032172-00032429 with season one season I will get you
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00119-00032430-00032723 season two when it's time on the train
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00120-00032724-00032915 when Haley is sleeping right and you can
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00121-00032916-00033239 sneak a peek see I chose wrong one of
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00122-00033240-00033455 the options he ends up actually touching
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00123-00033456-00034327 her hand it gets prophes pandas
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00124-00034328-00034589 Han you got brain farts at the moment
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00125-00034590-00034889 because Mr compobice has arrived and
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00126-00034890-00036133 singing slipping up bro no
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00127-00036134-00036389 would consider it an honor to share the
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00128-00036390-00036617 dance floor with you one day but I must
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00129-00036618-00036845 warn you I have been told I have the
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00130-00036846-00037049 most electrifying heaps on the Dance
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00131-00037050-00037343 Floor I make eyes like Bruno Mars and
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00132-00037344-00037540 Patrick Swayze look like little boys
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00133-00037541-00037768 doing the Cha Cha yeah have you ever
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00134-00037769-00038057 seen a dancing carp into ham no I mean
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00135-00038058-00038237 other than yourself of course no I
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00136-00038238-00038399 haven't actually so you're gonna make a
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00137-00038400-00038537 video and put it in Discord you have to
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00138-00038538-00038777 see your dancing
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00139-00038778-00039083 I love Patrick Swayze usually even Dirty
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00140-00039084-00039317 Dancing oh such a good film of course do
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00141-00039318-00039593 you like vegan foods you love meat I
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00142-00039594-00039751 like both I'll eat anything honestly
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00143-00039752-00040067 honestly don't mind out of steak medium
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00144-00040068-00040217 to well I don't really like the taste of
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00145-00040218-00040487 blood but if I see blood drink now that
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00146-00040488-00040687 steak I won't eat that
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00147-00040688-00040937 this is sick I don't really like the
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00148-00040938-00041159 taste of it either
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00149-00041160-00041368 well I know it's good for you
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00150-00041369-00041573 honey this Academy is two or three times
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00151-00041574-00041933 a month
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00152-00041934-00042196 good evening bamboo Angel it is so good
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00153-00042197-00042407 to see you something must have been in
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00154-00042408-00042551 the air today because I had a bad
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00155-00042552-00042755 episode with my neighbor and it ruined
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00156-00042756-00043007 my day for a while oh [__] luckily I was
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00157-00043008-00043199 able to look forward to seeing you today
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00158-00043200-00043468 so all was well happy Easter you
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00159-00043469-00043685 wonderful Angels hey I'm sorry that
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00160-00043686-00043889 happened so [__] when you get around in
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00161-00043890-00044074 with your neighbors it's all
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00162-00044075-00044243 them we don't live with them we live
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00163-00044244-00044465 next to them it's awkward hopefully
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00164-00044466-00044812 things get resolved soon bloody oh no I
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00165-00044813-00045107 don't I don't like it no not well done I
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00166-00045108-00045377 don't like Well Done steaks I think it I
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00167-00045378-00045623 think then there's no taste and it's not
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00168-00045624-00045912 I think it's too chewy
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00169-00045913-00046121 but maybe that's just the cut that I'm
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00170-00046122-00046367 eating I don't know this coming you're
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00171-00046368-00046499 struggling to say certain words and
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00172-00046500-00046846 choosing options
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00173-00046847-00047111 put my patreon you said I was laughing
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00174-00047112-00047567 he said that I said words wrong
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00175-00047568-00047729 but you know me I can't pronounce all
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00176-00047730-00047802 these words
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00177-00047803-00047987 [Music]
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00178-00047988-00048221 cool sweet estate our sister Choice
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00179-00048222-00048449 steak oh
+iNa48m6x4Hy-00180-00048450-00048841 I was a vegan for a little while though
+iOElBreUaGI-00000-00000000-00000214 do you often notice your relationships
+iOElBreUaGI-00001-00000215-00000359 don't turn out
+iOElBreUaGI-00002-00000360-00000638 the best perhaps the wrong partner keeps
+iOElBreUaGI-00003-00000639-00000839 gravitating towards you
+iOElBreUaGI-00004-00000840-00001047 or maybe you miss out on seeing when the
+iOElBreUaGI-00005-00001048-00001183 right one is right
+iOElBreUaGI-00006-00001184-00001447 in front of you maybe you suspect your
+iOElBreUaGI-00007-00001448-00001591 partner is suffering from toxic
+iOElBreUaGI-00008-00001592-00001734 attachment
+iOElBreUaGI-00009-00001735-00001934 toxic attachment is characterized by
+iOElBreUaGI-00010-00001935-00002102 behaviors like jealousy
+iOElBreUaGI-00011-00002103-00002463 manipulation dominance selfishness
+iOElBreUaGI-00012-00002464-00002702 and desperation whatever the reason for
+iOElBreUaGI-00013-00002703-00002847 your relationship troubles
+iOElBreUaGI-00014-00002848-00003031 it's best to know the signs of a toxic
+iOElBreUaGI-00015-00003032-00003263 relationship and their patterns
+iOElBreUaGI-00016-00003264-00003447 so to help you identify your
+iOElBreUaGI-00017-00003447-00003663 relationship as a toxic one
+iOElBreUaGI-00018-00003664-00003927 here are six toxic relationship patterns
+iOElBreUaGI-00019-00003928-00004103 you need to look out for
+iOElBreUaGI-00020-00004104-00004438 number one being too dependent
+iOElBreUaGI-00021-00004439-00004599 it's important to nurture a healthy
+iOElBreUaGI-00022-00004600-00004838 relationship but it shouldn't be the
+iOElBreUaGI-00023-00004839-00005031 only focus in your life
+iOElBreUaGI-00024-00005032-00005238 we all should care about our partner but
+iOElBreUaGI-00025-00005239-00005399 it can be unhealthy if your partner
+iOElBreUaGI-00026-00005400-00005647 always needs you to be around you and
+iOElBreUaGI-00027-00005648-00005806 your partner should be comfortable going
+iOElBreUaGI-00028-00005807-00005959 out every now and then without each
+iOElBreUaGI-00029-00005960-00006047 other
+iOElBreUaGI-00030-00006048-00006254 if you always check your partner's plans
+iOElBreUaGI-00031-00006255-00006414 to see if they're available
+iOElBreUaGI-00032-00006415-00006663 even if you are the only one invited you
+iOElBreUaGI-00033-00006664-00006831 should take a moment to see if you're
+iOElBreUaGI-00034-00006831-00006998 too dependent on the other
+iOElBreUaGI-00035-00007000-00007151 it's important to respect each other
+iOElBreUaGI-00036-00007152-00007391 when your partner needs some alone time
+iOElBreUaGI-00037-00007392-00007774 number two being too independent
+iOElBreUaGI-00038-00007775-00008006 just as someone can be too dependent
+iOElBreUaGI-00039-00008008-00008263 someone can also be too independent
+iOElBreUaGI-00040-00008264-00008478 is your partner often aloof and detached
+iOElBreUaGI-00041-00008479-00008567 around you
+iOElBreUaGI-00042-00008568-00008799 do they barely spend time with you and
+iOElBreUaGI-00043-00008800-00009014 when they do do they always pick
+iOElBreUaGI-00044-00009015-00009231 where to eat or where to go out on a
+iOElBreUaGI-00045-00009232-00009319 date
+iOElBreUaGI-00046-00009320-00009455 what about the big decisions in your
+iOElBreUaGI-00047-00009456-00009687 relationship who guides them and makes
+iOElBreUaGI-00048-00009688-00009783 them
+iOElBreUaGI-00049-00009784-00010014 it's a key point that both of you have a
+iOElBreUaGI-00050-00010015-00010255 say in where the relationship goes
+iOElBreUaGI-00051-00010256-00010463 your core value should be similar if not
+iOElBreUaGI-00052-00010464-00010583 the same
+iOElBreUaGI-00053-00010584-00010846 and choices as a couple should be a team
+iOElBreUaGI-00054-00010847-00010903 effort
+iOElBreUaGI-00055-00010904-00011135 and decision if your partner always
+iOElBreUaGI-00056-00011136-00011303 insists things beat their way
+iOElBreUaGI-00057-00011304-00011527 or they act as if they have power over
+iOElBreUaGI-00058-00011528-00011838 you you could be in a toxic relationship
+iOElBreUaGI-00059-00011839-00012142 number three manipulation does your
+iOElBreUaGI-00060-00012143-00012303 partner play with your emotions to get
+iOElBreUaGI-00061-00012304-00012414 what they want
+iOElBreUaGI-00062-00012415-00012606 they may be using a form of manipulation
+iOElBreUaGI-00063-00012607-00012822 such as emotional coercion
+iOElBreUaGI-00064-00012823-00013007 emotional coercion is when someone uses
+iOElBreUaGI-00065-00013008-00013166 emotions such as guilt
+iOElBreUaGI-00066-00013168-00013375 grief anger or happiness to get what
+iOElBreUaGI-00067-00013376-00013511 they want from you
+iOElBreUaGI-00068-00013512-00013703 they do this with no regard to others
+iOElBreUaGI-00069-00013704-00013863 feelings only
+iOElBreUaGI-00070-00013863-00014135 their own someone can manipulate you
+iOElBreUaGI-00071-00014136-00014238 through a series of
+iOElBreUaGI-00072-00014240-00014463 seemingly small steps until you soon
+iOElBreUaGI-00073-00014463-00014575 adapt to them
+iOElBreUaGI-00074-00014576-00014766 sooner or later the steps will be a lot
+iOElBreUaGI-00075-00014768-00014983 larger but you'll have gotten used to
+iOElBreUaGI-00076-00014984-00015158 them through the gradual approach your
+iOElBreUaGI-00077-00015159-00015350 partner may have used
+iOElBreUaGI-00078-00015351-00015471 if you think your partner is
+iOElBreUaGI-00079-00015472-00015703 manipulating you it's best to get out of
+iOElBreUaGI-00080-00015704-00015855 the relationship and seek help
+iOElBreUaGI-00081-00015856-00016086 and comfort from your family or friends
+iOElBreUaGI-00082-00016087-00016199 there are people who
+iOElBreUaGI-00083-00016200-00016407 unfortunately suffer from these toxic
+iOElBreUaGI-00084-00016408-00016519 relationships
+iOElBreUaGI-00085-00016520-00016799 but it is possible to get out heal and
+iOElBreUaGI-00086-00016800-00017063 move on to a healthy relationship
+iOElBreUaGI-00087-00017064-00017415 number four merging identities
+iOElBreUaGI-00088-00017416-00017607 do you find yourself abandoning your
+iOElBreUaGI-00089-00017608-00017767 solo hobbies to instead
+iOElBreUaGI-00090-00017768-00018014 only do things you both like as a couple
+iOElBreUaGI-00091-00018015-00018150 do you find yourself losing your own
+iOElBreUaGI-00092-00018151-00018335 personal friends due to only choosing to
+iOElBreUaGI-00093-00018336-00018471 hang out with the friends that
+iOElBreUaGI-00094-00018472-00018735 you and your partner share as a couple
+iOElBreUaGI-00095-00018736-00018919 you may even find your individual
+iOElBreUaGI-00096-00018920-00019022 identity
+iOElBreUaGI-00097-00019023-00019294 slipping away you and your partner may
+iOElBreUaGI-00098-00019295-00019471 be merging identities
+iOElBreUaGI-00099-00019472-00019807 and this pattern can be very toxic
+iOElBreUaGI-00100-00019808-00019975 it's important that our individual
+iOElBreUaGI-00101-00019976-00020247 identity outside of our romantic partner
+iOElBreUaGI-00102-00020248-00020486 still thrives you shouldn't try to
+iOElBreUaGI-00103-00020487-00020671 change your personality or self
+iOElBreUaGI-00104-00020672-00020919 to the point that you're no longer you
+iOElBreUaGI-00105-00020920-00021047 you can both exist
+iOElBreUaGI-00106-00021048-00021327 outside of couple status it's important
+iOElBreUaGI-00107-00021328-00021535 to remember that no matter how alike we
+iOElBreUaGI-00108-00021536-00021671 may be to someone
+iOElBreUaGI-00109-00021672-00022007 we will always think behave and act
+iOElBreUaGI-00110-00022008-00022358 unique to ourselves we are each unique
+iOElBreUaGI-00111-00022359-00022527 and shouldn't try to change what makes
+iOElBreUaGI-00112-00022528-00022727 us us
+iOElBreUaGI-00113-00022728-00022975 number five selfishness and making
+iOElBreUaGI-00114-00022976-00023143 demands
+iOElBreUaGI-00115-00023144-00023327 does your partner always make things
+iOElBreUaGI-00116-00023328-00023463 about them
+iOElBreUaGI-00117-00023464-00023678 do they act selfishly and make demands
+iOElBreUaGI-00118-00023679-00023783 of you
+iOElBreUaGI-00119-00023784-00023983 maybe lately you've been feeling as if
+iOElBreUaGI-00120-00023984-00024086 they assert power
+iOElBreUaGI-00121-00024087-00024342 over you nobody should have all the
+iOElBreUaGI-00122-00024343-00024486 power in a relationship
+iOElBreUaGI-00123-00024487-00024630 and a good partner cares about the
+iOElBreUaGI-00124-00024631-00024894 others needs as well as their own
+iOElBreUaGI-00125-00024895-00025142 maybe your partner often ignores your
+iOElBreUaGI-00126-00025143-00025214 desires
+iOElBreUaGI-00127-00025215-00025447 and things only of their own perhaps you
+iOElBreUaGI-00128-00025448-00025687 really enjoy going out on romantic dates
+iOElBreUaGI-00129-00025688-00025999 every now and then nothing too fancy but
+iOElBreUaGI-00130-00026000-00026174 you notice your partner always shuts
+iOElBreUaGI-00131-00026175-00026374 down any form of romance that you
+iOElBreUaGI-00132-00026375-00026695 enjoy instead they want
+iOElBreUaGI-00133-00026695-00026935 only what they like maybe it's the
+iOElBreUaGI-00134-00026936-00026999 opposite
+iOElBreUaGI-00135-00027000-00027183 and your partner always demands you get
+iOElBreUaGI-00136-00027183-00027374 them gifts or do them favors
+iOElBreUaGI-00137-00027375-00027543 but they never think to do the same for
+iOElBreUaGI-00138-00027544-00027799 you it's important to recognize these
+iOElBreUaGI-00139-00027800-00027974 patterns before you lose your sense of
+iOElBreUaGI-00140-00027975-00028079 self
+iOElBreUaGI-00141-00028080-00028446 there are plenty of fish in the sea
+iOElBreUaGI-00142-00028447-00028707 perhaps you'll meet one who isn't as
+iOElBreUaGI-00143-00028708-00028855 selfish
+iOElBreUaGI-00144-00028856-00029246 see what i did there and number six
+iOElBreUaGI-00145-00029247-00029631 confusing love with emotional hunger
+iOElBreUaGI-00146-00029632-00029831 are you in love or are you just
+iOElBreUaGI-00147-00029832-00030007 emotionally hungry
+iOElBreUaGI-00148-00030008-00030143 we may think that we're in love with
+iOElBreUaGI-00149-00030144-00030327 someone but it may be that
+iOElBreUaGI-00150-00030327-00030511 instead we're suffering from emotional
+iOElBreUaGI-00151-00030512-00030646 hunger
+iOElBreUaGI-00152-00030647-00030831 emotional hunger can be caused by
+iOElBreUaGI-00153-00030832-00031046 deprivation in childhood
+iOElBreUaGI-00154-00031047-00031295 those who suffer from emotional hunger
+iOElBreUaGI-00155-00031295-00031470 usually look to fill a void
+iOElBreUaGI-00156-00031472-00031727 or emptiness in themselves they often
+iOElBreUaGI-00157-00031727-00031918 try to fill this emotional void in their
+iOElBreUaGI-00158-00031919-00032055 relationships
+iOElBreUaGI-00159-00032056-00032231 if you started your relationship out of
+iOElBreUaGI-00160-00032232-00032358 desperation
+iOElBreUaGI-00161-00032360-00032607 and only had attention and affection in
+iOElBreUaGI-00162-00032608-00032695 mind
+iOElBreUaGI-00163-00032695-00032951 it's best to evaluate if that desire is
+iOElBreUaGI-00164-00032952-00033079 being mistaken as
+iOElBreUaGI-00165-00033080-00033390 true love remember it's best to form a
+iOElBreUaGI-00166-00033391-00033527 strong identity
+iOElBreUaGI-00167-00033528-00033815 outside of your relationship as well you
+iOElBreUaGI-00168-00033816-00033974 are your own individual
+iOElBreUaGI-00169-00033975-00034215 it's important that you don't both fully
+iOElBreUaGI-00170-00034216-00034351 depend on each other for
+iOElBreUaGI-00171-00034352-00034559 everything and that you aren't so
+iOElBreUaGI-00172-00034560-00034727 independent from each other that you
+iOElBreUaGI-00173-00034728-00034871 don't think of your partner's needs at
+iOElBreUaGI-00174-00034872-00034999 all
+iOElBreUaGI-00175-00035000-00035262 so if you recognize your relationship is
+iOElBreUaGI-00176-00035263-00035407 off-balanced and
+iOElBreUaGI-00177-00035408-00035639 toxic it's probably in your best
+iOElBreUaGI-00178-00035640-00035911 interest to bring it to an end
+iOElBreUaGI-00179-00035912-00036159 choose to look for love that plays on an
+iOElBreUaGI-00180-00036160-00036311 equal playing field
+iOElBreUaGI-00181-00036312-00036471 you may even need to work on your
+iOElBreUaGI-00182-00036472-00036615 relationship with yourself
+iOElBreUaGI-00183-00036616-00036862 before moving on to a new one but just
+iOElBreUaGI-00184-00036863-00036935 know
+iOElBreUaGI-00185-00036936-00037215 it is possible to find a love that is
+iOElBreUaGI-00186-00037216-00037287 fair
+iOElBreUaGI-00187-00037288-00037535 and true as long as there is still being
+iOElBreUaGI-00188-00037536-00037615 them
+iOElBreUaGI-00189-00037616-00037943 and you still being you so
+iOElBreUaGI-00190-00037944-00038127 have you experienced any of these toxic
+iOElBreUaGI-00191-00038128-00038262 relationship patterns
+iOElBreUaGI-00192-00038263-00038415 if so how will you break it to your
+iOElBreUaGI-00193-00038416-00038639 partner that something needs to change
+iOElBreUaGI-00194-00038640-00038895 or how will you let them go feel free to
+iOElBreUaGI-00195-00038896-00039062 share in the comments we're always here
+iOElBreUaGI-00196-00039063-00039183 to support you
+iOElBreUaGI-00197-00039184-00039327 if you found this video helpful don't
+iOElBreUaGI-00198-00039328-00039479 forget to click the like button and
+iOElBreUaGI-00199-00039480-00039671 share this video with someone who
+iOElBreUaGI-00200-00039672-00039807 you might think is suffering from a
+iOElBreUaGI-00201-00039808-00040055 toxic relationship subscribe to psyc2go
+iOElBreUaGI-00202-00040056-00040207 and hit the notification bell icon for
+iOElBreUaGI-00203-00040208-00040359 more content like this
+iOElBreUaGI-00204-00040360-00040543 as always thanks for watching and we'll
+iOElBreUaGI-00205-00040544-00040847 see you soon
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00000-00000192-00002367 um
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00001-00002368-00003967 so
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00002-00003968-00004303 oh what a lovely lovely day absolutely
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00003-00004304-00004575 glorious weather here as we welcome you
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00004-00004576-00004679 to
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00005-00004680-00004886 a football match of considerable
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00006-00004887-00005079 significance great consequence in this
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00007-00005080-00005254 part of the world we've been talking
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00008-00005255-00005406 about this one for a while that they
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00009-00005407-00005695 have rolled up to it in fantastic
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00010-00005696-00005975 numbers you should have seen the roads
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00011-00005976-00006175 outside the ground in the arrow two
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00012-00006176-00006446 leading up to it it has been popular to
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00013-00006447-00006719 pogba the traffic has been extraordinary
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00014-00006720-00006934 but the level of expectation is also
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00015-00006936-00007110 very very high
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00016-00007111-00007319 and these supporters
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00017-00007320-00007519 who were queuing around the block for
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00018-00007520-00007727 their tickets as soon as we knew the
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00019-00007728-00007927 date of the fixture well now they can't
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00020-00007928-00008199 wait for it to begin and begin it will
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00021-00008200-00008646 any second now
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00022-00008647-00008919 oh this really is a great venue it adds
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00023-00008920-00009159 so much character to every game it
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00024-00009160-00009551 stages
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00025-00009552-00009735 as you can see we've already started
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00026-00009736-00010014 here
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00027-00010015-00010206 tell me this who are you looking for in
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00028-00010207-00010367 particular here
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00029-00010368-00010631 i'm going to pick joao moutinho
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00030-00010632-00010791 i call him the ferret because he could
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00031-00010792-00010974 slip into places and cause trouble
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00032-00010975-00011183 before opponents can react he loves to
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00033-00011184-00011383 get between the lines and then get his
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00034-00011384-00011655 head up a real creative force and he has
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00035-00011656-00012001 been fouled there
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00036-00012002-00013235 [Applause]
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00037-00013236-00013894 [Applause]
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00038-00013895-00014047 well he should have done better and he
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00039-00014047-00014247 knows it i'm more than teaching the
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00040-00014247-00015066 template
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00041-00015066-00017830 [Applause]
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00042-00017831-00018259 um
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00043-00018260-00020935 [Applause]
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00044-00020936-00021119 well he knew what he was taking on there
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00045-00021120-00021355 peter had special delivery from the rest
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00046-00021356-00021575 [Applause]
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00047-00021576-00022474 and it's great forward
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00048-00022475-00023814 [Applause]
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00049-00023815-00024521 um
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00050-00024522-00026479 [Applause]
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00051-00026480-00027158 get able to find the net
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00052-00027160-00027647 now
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00054-00030863-00031335 so
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00056-00034712-00034959 absolutely sparkly his reflexes one
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00057-00034960-00035399 ultra sharp
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00058-00035400-00035607 gel cut seven
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00059-00035608-00035797 and here's cristiano ronaldo
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00060-00035798-00036015 [Applause]
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00061-00036016-00036423 bernardo silva
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00062-00036424-00037087 he's had a look
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00063-00037088-00037415 another silver
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00064-00037416-00037871 portugal in it back again
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00065-00037872-00038055 yeah that's top defending in preventing
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00066-00038056-00038239 and turning which can open up many
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00067-00038240-00038830 possibilities
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00068-00038831-00039902 and it's
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00069-00039903-00040983 oh that's a fine challenge
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00070-00040984-00041446 [Applause]
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00071-00041447-00042098 river fernandez is short
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00072-00042099-00043295 [Applause]
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00073-00043296-00044830 here
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00074-00044831-00045811 shut up
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00075-00045812-00046030 [Applause]
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00076-00046031-00046141 laid out to the right
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00077-00046142-00047686 [Applause]
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00078-00047687-00048318 it goes
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00079-00048319-00048527 out on the left now
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00080-00048528-00048702 more than happy to take the muscular
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00081-00048703-00048875 approach
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00082-00048876-00050471 [Applause]
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00083-00050472-00051621 oh
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00084-00051622-00052542 [Applause]
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00085-00052544-00052766 really did turn up the tempo at the end
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00086-00052767-00052926 of the half and while they'd be
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00087-00052927-00053159 disappointed not to have broken through
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00088-00053160-00053423 obviously the chances will come provided
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00089-00053424-00053703 they can keep producing good spells
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00090-00053704-00053903 let's play the half with significantly
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00091-00053904-00054526 more positives than negatives
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00092-00054527-00054863 score the older
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00093-00054864-00055254 we are already probably back on the way
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00094-00055255-00055423 portugal clearly have been the better
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00095-00055424-00055607 side for me yeah i know the score
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00096-00055608-00055799 doesn't quite reflect it but if they go
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00097-00055800-00055991 about their game in the same manner as
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00098-00055991-00056230 the only 45 minutes things really should
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00099-00056232-00056937 improve
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00100-00056938-00057607 [Applause]
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00101-00057608-00057720 forward it goes
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00102-00057721-00058511 [Applause]
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00103-00058512-00058719 just brushing up the ball there
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00104-00058720-00059797 periphery's awarded a free kick
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00105-00059798-00061638 [Applause]
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00106-00061639-00061903 uh
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00107-00061904-00062247 oh nice touch
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00108-00062248-00063162 look it again with some of those
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00109-00063163-00064119 [Applause]
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00110-00064120-00065438 he's had a crack oh
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00111-00065439-00065855 ronaldo gets it out to the wing
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00112-00065856-00066034 that is
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00113-00066035-00066935 [Applause]
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00114-00066936-00068311 to indicate the score
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00115-00068312-00068503 we all know the score and we're just
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00116-00068504-00068638 about done
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00117-00068639-00069015 the frustrating game
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00118-00069016-00069311 he's gonna be pulled back for that one
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00119-00069312-00070827 and he's gonna have his name
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00120-00070828-00071703 [Applause]
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00121-00071704-00071919 shut up
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00122-00071920-00072262 loses his balance and loses the ball
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00123-00072263-00072406 makes strength too strong for his
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00124-00072407-00072575 opponent
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00125-00072576-00072877 brings it forward
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00126-00072878-00073319 [Applause]
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00127-00073320-00073591 shut up
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00128-00073592-00073823 i'm very well forgetting about well that
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00129-00073824-00074087 was my classic in there to back up this
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00130-00074088-00074802 his high class wage
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00131-00074803-00075735 [Applause]
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00132-00075736-00075926 that's a little unfortunate you had a
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00133-00075927-00076950 lot of people worried that
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00134-00076951-00077432 nice to switch the plate
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00135-00077433-00077967 [Applause]
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00136-00077968-00078359 cut it out
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00137-00078360-00078482 banana
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00138-00078483-00078638 silver
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00139-00078639-00078975 and here's cristiano ronaldo
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00140-00078976-00080535 bruno fernandez
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00141-00080536-00080694 just make sure that that won't get
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00142-00080695-00082038 through
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00143-00082039-00082503 lovely feet
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00144-00082504-00082694 look this could still go either way it
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00145-00082695-00082862 might be flowing one way but there's
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00146-00082863-00084931 still time oh shooting shots
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00147-00084932-00086415 [Applause]
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00148-00086416-00086631 concentration levels are very good and
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00149-00086632-00086879 so is the commitment this game could yet
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00150-00086880-00087431 yield a winner
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00151-00087432-00087599 shut up
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00152-00087600-00087918 cut now in the nick of time
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00153-00087919-00088118 fortunate joint a good level of
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00154-00088119-00088311 intensity at this stage they're calling
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00155-00088312-00088504 on all their resources now
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00156-00088505-00089087 [Applause]
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00157-00089088-00089623 big play forward
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00158-00089624-00089826 shall castle
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00159-00089827-00090438 [Applause]
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00160-00090439-00090638 for their attitude and application in
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00161-00090639-00090887 trying to win this it means an awful lot
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00162-00090888-00091494 obviously
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00163-00091495-00091782 you wonder if that's it now but there
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00164-00091783-00092006 may be one more opportunity peter for a
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00165-00092007-00092915 late late
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00166-00092916-00093606 [Applause]
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00167-00093607-00093782 so now we're going to get those changes
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00168-00093783-00094543 we have been expecting
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00169-00094544-00095334 no he didn't quite need it right
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00170-00095335-00097487 [Applause]
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00171-00097488-00097622 he's left his man
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00172-00097623-00098094 [Applause]
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00173-00098095-00098311 they are right into last chance
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00174-00098312-00099103 territory
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00175-00099104-00100660 he's going to need 30 more minutes
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00176-00100661-00100688 [Applause]
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00177-00100689-00100862 [Music]
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00178-00100863-00101159 extra time
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00179-00101160-00101343 so our quest to find the winner
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00180-00101344-00101607 continues
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00181-00101608-00102294 [Applause]
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00182-00102295-00102502 how many interceptions have we seen now
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00183-00102503-00102742 someone's got you up the quality and and
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00184-00102743-00103142 set an example
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00185-00103143-00103342 christiana ronaldo
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00186-00103343-00103979 it's bernardo silva
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00187-00103980-00105799 [Applause]
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00188-00105800-00106007 real chance
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00189-00106008-00106375 number four
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00190-00106376-00106758 wherever fernandez goes looking
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00191-00106759-00107054 he's through
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00192-00107055-00107263 and he found himself into trouble there
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00193-00107264-00107983 free kick keep it away
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00195-00111759-00112031 portugal have turned to their bench and
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00196-00112032-00112746 we're going to have a substitution
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00197-00112747-00114631 [Applause]
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00198-00114632-00114783 brakes on here
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00199-00114783-00115295 might himself eased off the ball
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00200-00115296-00115663 points it forward
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00201-00115664-00115815 he acknowledges that he should have come
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00202-00115816-00116047 up with something better there i was too
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00203-00116048-00116223 timid to make it through the defense
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00204-00116224-00116581 it'll be noted and approved
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00205-00116582-00119071 [Applause]
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00206-00119072-00119358 and inevitability about penalties here
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00207-00119359-00119599 i think we still want to win it in the
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00208-00119600-00119766 final 15 minutes
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00209-00119767-00119999 the question is and the players go that
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00210-00120000-00120251 far
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00211-00120252-00121188 [Music]
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00212-00121189-00121847 [Applause]
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00213-00121848-00122358 who dares to win
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00214-00122359-00124175 the through goal
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00215-00124176-00124686 nice to get it forward quickly
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00216-00124688-00124990 bruno hernandez
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00217-00124991-00125195 mariano silva
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00218-00125196-00126863 [Applause]
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00219-00126864-00127141 foreign
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00220-00127142-00129534 [Applause]
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00221-00129535-00129823 you wonder if that's it now but there
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00222-00129824-00130047 may be one more opportunity peter for a
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00223-00130048-00130623 late late steal here
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00224-00130624-00130839 now can he finish
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00225-00130840-00132887 the intervention was very necessary
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00226-00132888-00133517 still inseparable we
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00227-00133518-00134487 [Applause]
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00228-00134488-00134902 inconclusive and now this is it
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00229-00134903-00135199 real tension here then as the first man
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00230-00135200-00135431 readies himself
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00231-00135432-00136025 so the ball is placed on the slot
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00232-00136026-00136878 [Applause]
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00233-00136879-00137905 shelter steps up to take the first one
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00234-00137906-00138375 [Applause]
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00235-00138376-00138527 to keep his eye on the ball and makes it
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00236-00138528-00139735 to great shape
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00237-00139736-00140446 from one behind
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00238-00140447-00142231 [Applause]
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00239-00142232-00143430 stepping up
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00240-00143431-00143735 [Applause]
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00241-00143736-00144002 himself all the way
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00242-00144003-00144543 [Applause]
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00243-00144544-00144775 oh he's hit me up right
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00244-00144776-00144951 oh i feel for him it looked like
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00245-00144952-00145119 placement precision
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00246-00145120-00145351 through no fan and there's
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00247-00145352-00146665 no fun and death
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00248-00146666-00147039 [Applause]
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00249-00147040-00147559 oh my god
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00250-00147560-00148959 steps up to take the fourth penalty
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00251-00148960-00149161 a huge slot kick here
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00252-00149162-00149671 [Applause]
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00253-00149672-00149985 oh brilliant
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00254-00149986-00150726 [Applause]
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00255-00150727-00151321 and it is over
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00257-00155336-00155607 oh this is so tough on the penalty taker
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00258-00155608-00155895 as the heroes celebrate right now it's a
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00259-00155896-00156119 horrible experience but they really
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00260-00156120-00156439 should try and get those genes up
+iOXPEf7_AaM-00261-00156440-00156720 well that's a lot
+iOc_nCrgZMk-00002-00027969-00029982 [Applause]
+iOc_nCrgZMk-00003-00029983-00030752 [Applause]
+iOc_nCrgZMk-00008-00046280-00047381 [Applause]
+iOc_nCrgZMk-00009-00047382-00048511 [Applause]
+iOc_nCrgZMk-00010-00048512-00049927 so
+iOc_nCrgZMk-00011-00049928-00051358 so
+iOc_nCrgZMk-00014-00065176-00066367 [Applause]
+iOc_nCrgZMk-00015-00066368-00066576 you
+iRJAvluN7wI-00000-00000472-00000519 hi
+iRJAvluN7wI-00001-00000520-00000759 it's stacy at tamarack part of ramsey
+iRJAvluN7wI-00002-00000760-00000943 county parks and rec
+iRJAvluN7wI-00003-00000944-00001191 we are here in the beautiful one acre
+iRJAvluN7wI-00004-00001192-00001278 wood
+iRJAvluN7wI-00005-00001279-00001566 coming at you to kick off fabulous
+iRJAvluN7wI-00006-00001567-00001743 flyers week
+iRJAvluN7wI-00007-00001744-00002047 so there are a lot of animals who fly
+iRJAvluN7wI-00008-00002048-00002271 and it's pretty amazing that animals can
+iRJAvluN7wI-00009-00002272-00002359 fly
+iRJAvluN7wI-00010-00002360-00002655 when i was a kid i wanted to fly and if
+iRJAvluN7wI-00011-00002656-00002839 you feel like you wish you could fly
+iRJAvluN7wI-00012-00002840-00003023 without getting in an airplane or a
+iRJAvluN7wI-00013-00003024-00003295 helicopter or a glider
+iRJAvluN7wI-00014-00003296-00003590 when i was a kid a friend of mine and i
+iRJAvluN7wI-00015-00003592-00003686 we decided
+iRJAvluN7wI-00016-00003688-00003919 we were going to make our own wings we
+iRJAvluN7wI-00017-00003920-00004095 didn't make them very elaborately but we
+iRJAvluN7wI-00018-00004096-00004303 made some pretend wings we climbed up on
+iRJAvluN7wI-00019-00004304-00004431 a picnic table
+iRJAvluN7wI-00020-00004432-00004806 ran off the end we kept crashing
+iRJAvluN7wI-00021-00004807-00005143 why do you think well a couple reasons
+iRJAvluN7wI-00022-00005144-00005527 one our wings were not big enough
+iRJAvluN7wI-00023-00005528-00005735 and the other part is our bodies are
+iRJAvluN7wI-00024-00005736-00005854 really heavy
+iRJAvluN7wI-00025-00005855-00006086 humans we have really large bodies
+iRJAvluN7wI-00026-00006087-00006215 compared to
+iRJAvluN7wI-00027-00006216-00006510 what our pretend wings would be and also
+iRJAvluN7wI-00028-00006511-00006606 we have way
+iRJAvluN7wI-00029-00006608-00006846 underdeveloped super small pectoral
+iRJAvluN7wI-00030-00006847-00007039 muscles those chest muscles
+iRJAvluN7wI-00031-00007040-00007287 that can help you move your arms so
+iRJAvluN7wI-00032-00007288-00007414 that's why
+iRJAvluN7wI-00033-00007415-00007767 a lot of animals that fly can actually
+iRJAvluN7wI-00034-00007768-00007910 fly
+iRJAvluN7wI-00035-00007911-00008159 so and the way that flying works
+iRJAvluN7wI-00036-00008159-00008278 basically
+iRJAvluN7wI-00037-00008279-00008487 is that an animal let's say for example
+iRJAvluN7wI-00038-00008488-00008599 an eagle they
+iRJAvluN7wI-00039-00008600-00008871 have wings and they have a structure
+iRJAvluN7wI-00040-00008872-00009046 that gives them a big wing
+iRJAvluN7wI-00041-00009047-00009414 and it will help create lift
+iRJAvluN7wI-00042-00009415-00009583 because there's different air pressure
+iRJAvluN7wI-00043-00009584-00009791 going over the top versus the bottom
+iRJAvluN7wI-00044-00009792-00010159 and flapping now eagles
+iRJAvluN7wI-00045-00010160-00010383 they fly they don't flap their wings
+iRJAvluN7wI-00046-00010384-00010471 very quickly
+iRJAvluN7wI-00047-00010472-00010671 like a chickadee or a hummingbird they
+iRJAvluN7wI-00048-00010672-00010903 do some heavy heavy wing beats
+iRJAvluN7wI-00049-00010904-00011183 and then glide or soar that's very
+iRJAvluN7wI-00050-00011184-00011271 different
+iRJAvluN7wI-00051-00011272-00011670 than songbirds like a little bluebird
+iRJAvluN7wI-00052-00011671-00011823 who flaps and flaps and flaps and
+iRJAvluN7wI-00053-00011824-00011991 flutters almost constantly
+iRJAvluN7wI-00054-00011992-00012295 until they land now here's a bird that
+iRJAvluN7wI-00055-00012296-00012374 maybe
+iRJAvluN7wI-00056-00012375-00012838 you don't think can fly can turkeys fly
+iRJAvluN7wI-00057-00012839-00013079 they can actually just not very long
+iRJAvluN7wI-00058-00013080-00013191 distances
+iRJAvluN7wI-00059-00013191-00013430 so because they have a very chunky heavy
+iRJAvluN7wI-00060-00013431-00013503 body
+iRJAvluN7wI-00061-00013504-00013783 they have really big pectoral muscles
+iRJAvluN7wI-00062-00013784-00013815 because
+iRJAvluN7wI-00063-00013816-00013958 you know sometimes you eat a chicken
+iRJAvluN7wI-00064-00013959-00014158 breast or a turkey breast well they can
+iRJAvluN7wI-00065-00014159-00014327 fly but just short distances
+iRJAvluN7wI-00066-00014328-00014486 up to the tops of trees so they can
+iRJAvluN7wI-00067-00014487-00014719 roost at night or to display
+iRJAvluN7wI-00068-00014719-00015047 so hmm shannon's here
+iRJAvluN7wI-00069-00015047-00015230 i have a question for shannon hey
+iRJAvluN7wI-00070-00015231-00015407 shannon are there some
+iRJAvluN7wI-00071-00015408-00015975 other animals that can fly
+iRJAvluN7wI-00072-00015976-00016279 when i think of animals that fly i think
+iRJAvluN7wI-00073-00016280-00016575 insects now i know you all know that
+iRJAvluN7wI-00074-00016576-00016758 bees and butterflies can fly
+iRJAvluN7wI-00075-00016759-00017055 that's no-brainer i'm pretty sure
+iRJAvluN7wI-00076-00017056-00017150 everyone has seen
+iRJAvluN7wI-00077-00017151-00017511 a ladybug fly also
+iRJAvluN7wI-00078-00017512-00017791 your favorite the mosquito wasn't in
+iRJAvluN7wI-00079-00017792-00017894 your ear at night
+iRJAvluN7wI-00080-00017895-00018175 but fortunately dragonflies also can fly
+iRJAvluN7wI-00081-00018176-00018375 because they eat the mosquitoes
+iRJAvluN7wI-00082-00018376-00018494 we're going to learn more about
+iRJAvluN7wI-00083-00018495-00018694 dragonflies in a little bit they're
+iRJAvluN7wI-00084-00018695-00018855 really really cool
+iRJAvluN7wI-00085-00018856-00019022 one insect that some people don't
+iRJAvluN7wI-00086-00019023-00019207 realize can fly
+iRJAvluN7wI-00087-00019208-00019463 is a grasshopper we all know they can
+iRJAvluN7wI-00088-00019464-00019622 hop really really far
+iRJAvluN7wI-00089-00019623-00019807 but they also have wings that they can
+iRJAvluN7wI-00090-00019808-00019975 actually spread
+iRJAvluN7wI-00091-00019976-00020191 and fly a little bit when they're
+iRJAvluN7wI-00092-00020192-00020383 hopping so grasshoppers
+iRJAvluN7wI-00093-00020384-00020671 are super duper cool now the insects
+iRJAvluN7wI-00094-00020672-00020743 don't have
+iRJAvluN7wI-00095-00020744-00020950 feathers and special bones like the
+iRJAvluN7wI-00096-00020951-00021063 birds but
+iRJAvluN7wI-00097-00021064-00021358 they are very lightweight and specially
+iRJAvluN7wI-00098-00021359-00021550 adapted with special wings
+iRJAvluN7wI-00099-00021551-00021799 and other body parts that help them to
+iRJAvluN7wI-00100-00021800-00021871 fly
+iRJAvluN7wI-00101-00021872-00022071 and they use that same kind of lift that
+iRJAvluN7wI-00102-00022072-00022247 you were talking about stacy
+iRJAvluN7wI-00103-00022248-00022630 to fly through the air but what about
+iRJAvluN7wI-00104-00022631-00022758 mammals
+iRJAvluN7wI-00105-00022759-00023207 are there any mammals that can fly
+iRJAvluN7wI-00106-00023208-00023455 actually there are some mammals that can
+iRJAvluN7wI-00107-00023456-00023575 fly
+iRJAvluN7wI-00108-00023576-00023855 bats they're amazing little mammals well
+iRJAvluN7wI-00109-00023856-00023999 at least the ones in minnesota are kind
+iRJAvluN7wI-00110-00024000-00024078 of small
+iRJAvluN7wI-00111-00024079-00024311 their front arms are really specially
+iRJAvluN7wI-00112-00024312-00024414 modified
+iRJAvluN7wI-00113-00024415-00024742 and between those digits of their hands
+iRJAvluN7wI-00114-00024743-00025039 they have skin flaps and they can
+iRJAvluN7wI-00115-00025040-00025119 flutter them
+iRJAvluN7wI-00116-00025120-00025327 at a quick rate so that they can flutter
+iRJAvluN7wI-00117-00025328-00025494 all around the night sky
+iRJAvluN7wI-00118-00025495-00025758 and collect bazillions of mosquitoes
+iRJAvluN7wI-00119-00025760-00025934 they're so fun to watch
+iRJAvluN7wI-00120-00025935-00026255 thank you bats but wait a minute aren't
+iRJAvluN7wI-00121-00026256-00026327 there some
+iRJAvluN7wI-00122-00026327-00026607 other mammals that might be able to fly
+iRJAvluN7wI-00123-00026608-00026951 through the forest shannon
+iRJAvluN7wI-00124-00026952-00027302 have you ever heard of
+iRJAvluN7wI-00125-00027304-00027702 a flying squirrel well it's a thing
+iRJAvluN7wI-00126-00027704-00028014 they don't really fly they glide
+iRJAvluN7wI-00127-00028016-00028167 it's kind of hard to see on this puppet
+iRJAvluN7wI-00128-00028168-00028462 but they have some special flaps of skin
+iRJAvluN7wI-00129-00028463-00028679 between their front legs and their back
+iRJAvluN7wI-00130-00028680-00028767 legs
+iRJAvluN7wI-00131-00028768-00029087 and they're really excellent jumpers so
+iRJAvluN7wI-00132-00029088-00029335 what happens is they'll be in one tree
+iRJAvluN7wI-00133-00029336-00029495 and they'll just give a big old jump and
+iRJAvluN7wI-00134-00029495-00029599 they'll spread their
+iRJAvluN7wI-00135-00029600-00029911 legs and they kind of turn into a glider
+iRJAvluN7wI-00136-00029912-00030111 and they can glide for a very long
+iRJAvluN7wI-00137-00030112-00030311 distance to get to that next tree that's
+iRJAvluN7wI-00138-00030312-00030462 way over there
+iRJAvluN7wI-00139-00030463-00030743 so while they don't technically fly they
+iRJAvluN7wI-00140-00030744-00030943 are very specialized for making some
+iRJAvluN7wI-00141-00030944-00031014 pretty long
+iRJAvluN7wI-00142-00031016-00031302 jumps we do have them here at tamarack
+iRJAvluN7wI-00143-00031303-00031462 but they're nocturnal
+iRJAvluN7wI-00144-00031463-00031599 they only come out at night that's why
+iRJAvluN7wI-00145-00031600-00031855 they have these big giant eyes
+iRJAvluN7wI-00146-00031856-00032079 but they're super fun to watch if you
+iRJAvluN7wI-00147-00032080-00032335 ever get a chance to see them
+iRJAvluN7wI-00148-00032336-00032511 who knew there were so many different
+iRJAvluN7wI-00149-00032512-00032735 flying creatures
+iRJAvluN7wI-00150-00032736-00032990 yeah it is pretty amazing that so many
+iRJAvluN7wI-00151-00032991-00033207 of these animals can fly
+iRJAvluN7wI-00152-00033208-00033439 well next up we're going to get a sneak
+iRJAvluN7wI-00153-00033440-00033511 peek at
+iRJAvluN7wI-00154-00033512-00033799 two different animals that fly and a
+iRJAvluN7wI-00155-00033800-00033967 little bit more about how they do it and
+iRJAvluN7wI-00156-00033968-00034079 why they do it
+iRJAvluN7wI-00157-00034080-00034623 dragonflies and an owl
+iRJAvluN7wI-00158-00034624-00034999 hey it's stacy and it's shannon
+iRJAvluN7wI-00159-00035000-00035215 we just got done trying to catch
+iRJAvluN7wI-00160-00035216-00035439 dragonflies in the tallgrass prairie and
+iRJAvluN7wI-00161-00035440-00035518 it was not
+iRJAvluN7wI-00162-00035519-00035767 easy and shannon and i were thinking and
+iRJAvluN7wI-00163-00035768-00035823 she
+iRJAvluN7wI-00164-00035824-00036071 thought of some really good questions
+iRJAvluN7wI-00165-00036072-00036183 first question
+iRJAvluN7wI-00166-00036184-00036407 we were out there for about 30 minutes
+iRJAvluN7wI-00167-00036408-00036495 and i caught
+iRJAvluN7wI-00168-00036496-00036759 all of one single dragonfly in that 30
+iRJAvluN7wI-00169-00036760-00036807 minutes
+iRJAvluN7wI-00170-00036808-00037062 why is it so hard to catch them oh my
+iRJAvluN7wI-00171-00037063-00037111 gosh
+iRJAvluN7wI-00172-00037112-00037439 it is really hard and there's
+iRJAvluN7wI-00173-00037440-00037783 two reasons one is their amazing vision
+iRJAvluN7wI-00174-00037784-00038087 and the other is their flight so their
+iRJAvluN7wI-00175-00038088-00038151 vision
+iRJAvluN7wI-00176-00038152-00038567 they can see 360 degrees around them
+iRJAvluN7wI-00177-00038568-00038790 if you ever see a picture of or a real
+iRJAvluN7wI-00178-00038791-00038935 dragonfly up close
+iRJAvluN7wI-00179-00038936-00039167 their eyeballs are bigger than their
+iRJAvluN7wI-00180-00039168-00039302 face and their head
+iRJAvluN7wI-00181-00039303-00039574 so they can see up down all around so
+iRJAvluN7wI-00182-00039575-00039687 they see you coming
+iRJAvluN7wI-00183-00039688-00040015 with the net besides being able to see
+iRJAvluN7wI-00184-00040016-00040359 so well they have amazing flight
+iRJAvluN7wI-00185-00040360-00040599 on average they're flying 10 miles an
+iRJAvluN7wI-00186-00040600-00040830 hour and they've been clocked at 34
+iRJAvluN7wI-00187-00040831-00040951 miles an hour
+iRJAvluN7wI-00188-00040952-00041287 the reason is they've got four wings
+iRJAvluN7wI-00189-00041288-00041583 and each of these four wings actually
+iRJAvluN7wI-00190-00041584-00041646 can move
+iRJAvluN7wI-00191-00041647-00041974 independently of each other that helps
+iRJAvluN7wI-00192-00041975-00042087 them fly
+iRJAvluN7wI-00193-00042088-00042390 up upwards downwards backwards
+iRJAvluN7wI-00194-00042391-00042735 forwards helps them even hover in place
+iRJAvluN7wI-00195-00042736-00042895 they have something pretty and pretty
+iRJAvluN7wI-00196-00042896-00043046 cool on the front
+iRJAvluN7wI-00197-00043047-00043271 or leading edge of their wings it's a
+iRJAvluN7wI-00198-00043272-00043351 little cell
+iRJAvluN7wI-00199-00043352-00043558 it looks like a piece of stained glass
+iRJAvluN7wI-00200-00043559-00043718 that's a little different color than the
+iRJAvluN7wI-00201-00043719-00043830 rest of their wing
+iRJAvluN7wI-00202-00043831-00044135 it's called a stigmata if you like terms
+iRJAvluN7wI-00203-00044136-00044383 that is a little bit weighted and it
+iRJAvluN7wI-00204-00044384-00044511 helps somehow
+iRJAvluN7wI-00205-00044512-00044702 scientists think that it helps them
+iRJAvluN7wI-00206-00044703-00044879 regulate their fluttering and their
+iRJAvluN7wI-00207-00044880-00044983 flying patterns
+iRJAvluN7wI-00208-00044984-00045215 and maybe even attract some mates so
+iRJAvluN7wI-00209-00045216-00045287 they are
+iRJAvluN7wI-00210-00045288-00045615 amazing flyers that fly super fast
+iRJAvluN7wI-00211-00045616-00045807 and see us coming that's why it's so
+iRJAvluN7wI-00212-00045808-00045918 hard to catch them
+iRJAvluN7wI-00213-00045919-00046127 they are super amazing it's fun to watch
+iRJAvluN7wI-00214-00046128-00046255 them fly around
+iRJAvluN7wI-00215-00046256-00046543 but i'm wondering if people want to go
+iRJAvluN7wI-00216-00046544-00046711 out and catch dragonflies like can kids
+iRJAvluN7wI-00217-00046712-00046855 just use whatever can they go out with
+iRJAvluN7wI-00218-00046856-00047030 like a bucket and catch a dragonfly in a
+iRJAvluN7wI-00219-00047031-00047118 bucket
+iRJAvluN7wI-00220-00047119-00047383 i'm so glad you're asking please do not
+iRJAvluN7wI-00221-00047384-00047486 use a bucket
+iRJAvluN7wI-00222-00047487-00047655 and don't make one of your own
+iRJAvluN7wI-00223-00047656-00047951 do-it-yourself pillowcase nuts because
+iRJAvluN7wI-00224-00047952-00048239 even the thickness of a pillowcase can
+iRJAvluN7wI-00225-00048240-00048383 damage their wings
+iRJAvluN7wI-00226-00048384-00048790 you need to have a net that is made of
+iRJAvluN7wI-00227-00048791-00049046 see-through fine mesh so it'll catch the
+iRJAvluN7wI-00228-00049047-00049135 dragonfly
+iRJAvluN7wI-00229-00049136-00049358 but it won't break their wings same kind
+iRJAvluN7wI-00230-00049359-00049551 of aerial net that you use to catch
+iRJAvluN7wI-00231-00049552-00050007 butterflies and moths so to catch them
+iRJAvluN7wI-00232-00050008-00050158 you're going to use it's got a big
+iRJAvluN7wI-00233-00050159-00050407 opening and let's say that the dragonfly
+iRJAvluN7wI-00234-00050408-00050502 is perched
+iRJAvluN7wI-00235-00050503-00050727 and you can't one thing you can do is
+iRJAvluN7wI-00236-00050728-00050927 try to come over the top of them
+iRJAvluN7wI-00237-00050928-00051183 and then lift the end of the net and
+iRJAvluN7wI-00238-00051184-00051246 usually
+iRJAvluN7wI-00239-00051247-00051423 nine times out of ten they'll fly to the
+iRJAvluN7wI-00240-00051424-00051679 top and then you can
+iRJAvluN7wI-00241-00051679-00051935 catch it in the end or if it flies up go
+iRJAvluN7wI-00242-00051936-00052070 like this
+iRJAvluN7wI-00243-00052071-00052246 so that's one way another way you can
+iRJAvluN7wI-00244-00052247-00052463 find out more about catching dragonflies
+iRJAvluN7wI-00245-00052464-00052719 come to tamarack next summer and sign up
+iRJAvluN7wI-00246-00052720-00052911 for our dragonfly survey
+iRJAvluN7wI-00247-00052912-00053142 and be a volunteer use our equipment and
+iRJAvluN7wI-00248-00053144-00053350 find out how fun it is to learn about
+iRJAvluN7wI-00249-00053351-00053423 awesome
+iRJAvluN7wI-00250-00053424-00053654 dragonflies it is super fun to
+iRJAvluN7wI-00251-00053655-00053838 participate in that survey my daughter
+iRJAvluN7wI-00252-00053839-00054007 did it one year it was really awesome
+iRJAvluN7wI-00253-00054008-00054223 but i'm wondering if that also works for
+iRJAvluN7wI-00254-00054224-00054335 those really
+iRJAvluN7wI-00255-00054336-00054511 skinny little dragonflies there's those
+iRJAvluN7wI-00256-00054512-00054638 little blue and green ones that they
+iRJAvluN7wI-00257-00054639-00054807 look so much more fragile than what we
+iRJAvluN7wI-00258-00054808-00054999 caught today does that work for them too
+iRJAvluN7wI-00259-00055000-00055223 it actually does but you don't see them
+iRJAvluN7wI-00260-00055224-00055319 as often
+iRJAvluN7wI-00261-00055320-00055519 but it works for them those little tiny
+iRJAvluN7wI-00262-00055520-00055671 ones you're talking about are called
+iRJAvluN7wI-00263-00055672-00055799 damselflies
+iRJAvluN7wI-00264-00055800-00056007 i like to think of them as like a
+iRJAvluN7wI-00265-00056008-00056207 toothpick with wings
+iRJAvluN7wI-00266-00056208-00056359 they move a little differently than
+iRJAvluN7wI-00267-00056360-00056607 dragonflies though when dragonflies are
+iRJAvluN7wI-00268-00056608-00056807 at rest their wings are out to the side
+iRJAvluN7wI-00269-00056808-00057087 like an airplane but damselflies when
+iRJAvluN7wI-00270-00057088-00057182 they're at rest
+iRJAvluN7wI-00271-00057183-00057366 their wings are held over their back or
+iRJAvluN7wI-00272-00057367-00057607 their abdomen and damselflies they
+iRJAvluN7wI-00273-00057608-00057854 kind of flutter more and they don't zoom
+iRJAvluN7wI-00274-00057855-00058007 as quickly as
+iRJAvluN7wI-00275-00058008-00058319 some of the dragonflies that
+iRJAvluN7wI-00276-00058320-00058494 is a ton of good information but you
+iRJAvluN7wI-00277-00058495-00058694 know i would really like to see
+iRJAvluN7wI-00278-00058695-00058887 what we caught this morning oh yeah
+iRJAvluN7wI-00279-00058888-00059038 let's check them out and release those
+iRJAvluN7wI-00280-00059039-00059326 puppies
+iRJAvluN7wI-00281-00059327-00059566 okay so let's get these dragonflies out
+iRJAvluN7wI-00282-00059567-00059742 there a couple things to think about
+iRJAvluN7wI-00283-00059744-00059903 when you're gonna take them out
+iRJAvluN7wI-00284-00059904-00060111 is just open up if you have one of these
+iRJAvluN7wI-00285-00060112-00060287 cool mesh tents
+iRJAvluN7wI-00286-00060288-00060559 like amy joe does a dragonfly guru here
+iRJAvluN7wI-00287-00060560-00060719 at tamarac
+iRJAvluN7wI-00288-00060720-00060919 only open it as far as you need to to
+iRJAvluN7wI-00289-00060920-00061054 get your hand in
+iRJAvluN7wI-00290-00061055-00061319 when you get the dragonfly out just like
+iRJAvluN7wI-00291-00061320-00061479 you would handle a butterfly
+iRJAvluN7wI-00292-00061479-00061647 if you know how to do that you're going
+iRJAvluN7wI-00293-00061648-00061926 to want to gently
+iRJAvluN7wI-00294-00061927-00062135 fold their wings over their back so you
+iRJAvluN7wI-00295-00062136-00062294 can pin their wings
+iRJAvluN7wI-00296-00062295-00062463 so that they're immobilized so they
+iRJAvluN7wI-00297-00062464-00062671 can't flutter them and you want to hold
+iRJAvluN7wI-00298-00062672-00062879 close to their thorax or close to their
+iRJAvluN7wI-00299-00062879-00063135 body so they can't break them off
+iRJAvluN7wI-00300-00063136-00063399 and some people wonder are you gonna get
+iRJAvluN7wI-00301-00063400-00063454 bitten
+iRJAvluN7wI-00302-00063455-00063719 well you know what amy joe has caught
+iRJAvluN7wI-00303-00063720-00063959 thousands upon thousands of dragonflies
+iRJAvluN7wI-00304-00063960-00064230 she's only gotten nibbled a couple times
+iRJAvluN7wI-00305-00064232-00064438 and you know what i've never gotten bit
+iRJAvluN7wI-00306-00064439-00064623 and but she said it doesn't hurt very
+iRJAvluN7wI-00307-00064624-00064815 much so let's see who we can get out and
+iRJAvluN7wI-00308-00064816-00064894 look up
+iRJAvluN7wI-00309-00064895-00065271 up close looks like this 12 spotted
+iRJAvluN7wI-00310-00065272-00065599 dragonfly is ready to
+iRJAvluN7wI-00311-00065600-00066047 ready to go so this 12 spot here
+iRJAvluN7wI-00312-00066048-00066375 when it spreads its wings out flat it's
+iRJAvluN7wI-00313-00066376-00066415 got
+iRJAvluN7wI-00314-00066416-00066638 a bunch of spots on its wings they're
+iRJAvluN7wI-00315-00066639-00066750 dark brown
+iRJAvluN7wI-00316-00066751-00067038 and white spots as well they also have
+iRJAvluN7wI-00317-00067039-00067167 these beautiful
+iRJAvluN7wI-00318-00067168-00067479 yellow stripes along the thorax
+iRJAvluN7wI-00319-00067480-00067735 and when i release it i'm gonna you can
+iRJAvluN7wI-00320-00067736-00067863 either just let go
+iRJAvluN7wI-00321-00067864-00068111 or i think it's kind of fun to release
+iRJAvluN7wI-00322-00068112-00068271 it on your hand
+iRJAvluN7wI-00323-00068272-00068479 so then you can feel those little tarsus
+iRJAvluN7wI-00324-00068480-00068631 or those little hooky toes
+iRJAvluN7wI-00325-00068632-00068894 at the ends of their legs those along
+iRJAvluN7wI-00326-00068895-00068967 with the
+iRJAvluN7wI-00327-00068968-00069175 little hooks on their legs work kind of
+iRJAvluN7wI-00328-00069176-00069303 like velcro to help
+iRJAvluN7wI-00329-00069304-00069647 catch their prey or their insects they
+iRJAvluN7wI-00330-00069648-00069847 like to eat while in flight
+iRJAvluN7wI-00331-00069848-00070263 and there it goes right let's see who
+iRJAvluN7wI-00332-00070264-00070479 else wants to come out so that was a 12
+iRJAvluN7wI-00333-00070480-00070806 spotted skimmer let's see this one over
+iRJAvluN7wI-00334-00070807-00071006 here if this one's gonna come out
+iRJAvluN7wI-00335-00071007-00071319 this other large one is called a widow
+iRJAvluN7wI-00336-00071320-00071487 skimmer i'm not sure
+iRJAvluN7wI-00337-00071488-00071838 the reasoning for the name
+iRJAvluN7wI-00338-00071839-00072062 i want to get carefully get all four
+iRJAvluN7wI-00339-00072063-00072143 wings
+iRJAvluN7wI-00340-00072144-00072343 and i want to gently pull away from the
+iRJAvluN7wI-00341-00072344-00072471 side of the tent
+iRJAvluN7wI-00342-00072472-00072638 so i don't accidentally rip off one of
+iRJAvluN7wI-00343-00072639-00072847 the ends of one of their legs
+iRJAvluN7wI-00344-00072848-00073175 you can see those huge eyes
+iRJAvluN7wI-00345-00073176-00073343 and the tiny thing on the front of the
+iRJAvluN7wI-00346-00073344-00073694 head is their face
+iRJAvluN7wI-00347-00073695-00073975 and this one you can see really well
+iRJAvluN7wI-00348-00073976-00074055 it's got
+iRJAvluN7wI-00349-00074056-00074679 dark dark stigmata
+iRJAvluN7wI-00350-00074680-00074838 see where this one's going to go if it's
+iRJAvluN7wI-00351-00074839-00074999 going to rest or take off oh
+iRJAvluN7wI-00352-00075000-00075311 it's out of there
+iRJAvluN7wI-00353-00075312-00075543 so we caught four different species i
+iRJAvluN7wI-00354-00075544-00075743 think actually maybe five
+iRJAvluN7wI-00355-00075744-00075959 this next one if i can get it out these
+iRJAvluN7wI-00356-00075960-00076143 little skimmers
+iRJAvluN7wI-00357-00076144-00076471 these this is a tiny skimmer
+iRJAvluN7wI-00358-00076472-00076655 they no actually this one's a tiny
+iRJAvluN7wI-00359-00076656-00076919 meadowhawk this later in the summer
+iRJAvluN7wI-00360-00076920-00077247 you get more of a smaller group of
+iRJAvluN7wI-00361-00077248-00077423 dragonflies called
+iRJAvluN7wI-00362-00077424-00077919 meadowhawks and they have smaller bodies
+iRJAvluN7wI-00363-00077920-00078231 and shorter wings and
+iRJAvluN7wI-00364-00078232-00078543 they come in all different colors some
+iRJAvluN7wI-00365-00078544-00078606 of them are
+iRJAvluN7wI-00366-00078607-00078871 cherry faced bright red some of them are
+iRJAvluN7wI-00367-00078872-00078950 black
+iRJAvluN7wI-00368-00078951-00079294 this one was called a banded wing
+iRJAvluN7wI-00369-00079295-00079582 meadowhawk there's somebody else in here
+iRJAvluN7wI-00370-00079583-00079759 i'd like to get out that's called a dot
+iRJAvluN7wI-00371-00079760-00080023 tail white face and just like dot tail
+iRJAvluN7wI-00372-00080024-00080223 white face just like the name sounds
+iRJAvluN7wI-00373-00080224-00080487 on top of their abdomen which looks like
+iRJAvluN7wI-00374-00080488-00080575 a tail
+iRJAvluN7wI-00375-00080576-00080903 which isn't a tail is a
+iRJAvluN7wI-00376-00080904-00081303 dot a white dot and then their face
+iRJAvluN7wI-00377-00081304-00081582 is a white face i like it when names of
+iRJAvluN7wI-00378-00081583-00081655 animals
+iRJAvluN7wI-00379-00081656-00081903 make sense it's another tiny tiny one
+iRJAvluN7wI-00380-00081904-00082487 and i just saw its mouth opening up
+iRJAvluN7wI-00381-00082488-00082647 it's gonna sit here a little while
+iRJAvluN7wI-00382-00082648-00082926 little white faces perched at me
+iRJAvluN7wI-00383-00082927-00083247 and it's gone i think we have one more
+iRJAvluN7wI-00384-00083248-00083382 friend to let go
+iRJAvluN7wI-00385-00083383-00083718 well it has been so much fun
+iRJAvluN7wI-00386-00083719-00083950 catching dragonflies looking at them
+iRJAvluN7wI-00387-00083951-00084031 again
+iRJAvluN7wI-00388-00084032-00084215 trying to catch them and releasing them
+iRJAvluN7wI-00389-00084216-00084526 back to the wild
+iRJAvluN7wI-00390-00084527-00084703 and we hope that you're going to be able
+iRJAvluN7wI-00391-00084704-00084911 to get out this summer
+iRJAvluN7wI-00392-00084912-00085215 and enjoy watching
+iRJAvluN7wI-00393-00085216-00085606 wildlife who fly and figure out how in
+iRJAvluN7wI-00394-00085607-00085711 the world
+iRJAvluN7wI-00395-00085712-00086671 they do it take care see you later
+iRJAvluN7wI-00396-00086672-00086967 wow aren't dragonflies cool they're so
+iRJAvluN7wI-00397-00086968-00087126 unique and they have such
+iRJAvluN7wI-00398-00087127-00087350 great ways that they fly around it's so
+iRJAvluN7wI-00399-00087351-00087526 much fun to watch them too
+iRJAvluN7wI-00400-00087527-00087679 but we're going to move on to something
+iRJAvluN7wI-00401-00087680-00087871 a little bit different
+iRJAvluN7wI-00402-00087872-00088047 we are going to take a look at some
+iRJAvluN7wI-00403-00088048-00088255 birds specifically
+iRJAvluN7wI-00404-00088256-00088567 raptors so up next we you are going to
+iRJAvluN7wI-00405-00088568-00088782 meet a couple of birds from the raptor
+iRJAvluN7wI-00406-00088783-00088871 center
+iRJAvluN7wI-00407-00088872-00089087 and then naturalist barb is going to
+iRJAvluN7wI-00408-00089088-00089318 show you one of our owls that lives here
+iRJAvluN7wI-00409-00089319-00089479 at tamarack nature center
+iRJAvluN7wI-00410-00089480-00089687 and we are going to learn all about
+iRJAvluN7wI-00411-00089688-00089838 feathers
+iRJAvluN7wI-00412-00089839-00090111 okay well where castro's hunt for food
+iRJAvluN7wI-00413-00090112-00090247 as they usually
+iRJAvluN7wI-00414-00090248-00090455 they do they hunt in two ways they will
+iRJAvluN7wI-00415-00090456-00090687 either sit on a perch like a power line
+iRJAvluN7wI-00416-00090688-00090926 or road sign a small tree or maybe even
+iRJAvluN7wI-00417-00090927-00091031 a fence line
+iRJAvluN7wI-00418-00091032-00091318 and they will watch and then when they
+iRJAvluN7wI-00419-00091319-00091350 see
+iRJAvluN7wI-00420-00091351-00091518 something they think it's worth chasing
+iRJAvluN7wI-00421-00091519-00091735 they will
+iRJAvluN7wI-00422-00091736-00092062 fly down and try to grab it the other
+iRJAvluN7wI-00423-00092063-00092231 way that they sometimes hunt and another
+iRJAvluN7wI-00424-00092232-00092343 way to spot them
+iRJAvluN7wI-00425-00092344-00092615 is they sometimes hover meaning that
+iRJAvluN7wI-00426-00092616-00092655 they
+iRJAvluN7wI-00427-00092656-00092887 they're able to fly with the right wind
+iRJAvluN7wI-00428-00092888-00093103 conditions and stay perfectly still
+iRJAvluN7wI-00429-00093104-00093318 sort of flapping in place and there's
+iRJAvluN7wI-00430-00093319-00093526 hardly any birds that are able to do
+iRJAvluN7wI-00431-00093527-00093750 that so that's another good way to spot
+iRJAvluN7wI-00432-00093751-00093959 a kestrel
+iRJAvluN7wI-00433-00093960-00094223 and they are one of the largest raptors
+iRJAvluN7wI-00434-00094224-00094479 in all of north america
+iRJAvluN7wI-00435-00094480-00094687 and you can see just by looking at her
+iRJAvluN7wI-00436-00094688-00094823 how huge she
+iRJAvluN7wI-00437-00094824-00095135 is so bald eagles have uh
+iRJAvluN7wI-00438-00095136-00095462 the way they hunt is sort of by soaring
+iRJAvluN7wI-00439-00095463-00095526 on these
+iRJAvluN7wI-00440-00095527-00095838 very large broad wings
+iRJAvluN7wI-00441-00095839-00096062 so they have a very big wingspan of
+iRJAvluN7wI-00442-00096063-00096279 probably six to seven
+iRJAvluN7wI-00443-00096280-00096726 feet and they use those wide wings to
+iRJAvluN7wI-00444-00096727-00096806 sort of
+iRJAvluN7wI-00445-00096807-00097087 soar on air currents we call them
+iRJAvluN7wI-00446-00097088-00097262 thermals when the hot air
+iRJAvluN7wI-00447-00097263-00097567 rises they use those wide wings to just
+iRJAvluN7wI-00448-00097568-00097935 rise up and save energy by
+iRJAvluN7wI-00449-00097936-00098303 rising up on those hot air columns
+iRJAvluN7wI-00450-00098304-00098591 so that's one way that those those wide
+iRJAvluN7wI-00451-00098592-00098903 wings help them to be very efficient
+iRJAvluN7wI-00452-00098904-00099182 hey everybody barb here at tamarac
+iRJAvluN7wI-00453-00099183-00099318 nature center
+iRJAvluN7wI-00454-00099319-00099574 i know you just got to meet a couple of
+iRJAvluN7wI-00455-00099575-00099655 fabulous
+iRJAvluN7wI-00456-00099656-00099991 flyers from the raptor center and i have
+iRJAvluN7wI-00457-00099992-00100262 another one with me here this is one of
+iRJAvluN7wI-00458-00100263-00100391 our very own
+iRJAvluN7wI-00459-00100392-00100711 animal ambassadors here at tamarac
+iRJAvluN7wI-00460-00100712-00101038 and he is an owl he is a little
+iRJAvluN7wI-00461-00101039-00101359 northern saw wet owl
+iRJAvluN7wI-00462-00101360-00101638 and he actually used to be a fabulous
+iRJAvluN7wI-00463-00101639-00101718 flyer
+iRJAvluN7wI-00464-00101719-00102023 but he lives here with us at tamarack
+iRJAvluN7wI-00465-00102024-00102238 because something happened and he's not
+iRJAvluN7wI-00466-00102239-00102478 a very good flyer anymore
+iRJAvluN7wI-00467-00102479-00102790 he had a little bit of an accident so
+iRJAvluN7wI-00468-00102791-00103071 if you have ever had a bird hit your
+iRJAvluN7wI-00469-00103072-00103127 window
+iRJAvluN7wI-00470-00103128-00103399 at home sometimes that happens and
+iRJAvluN7wI-00471-00103400-00103606 usually the birds are all right
+iRJAvluN7wI-00472-00103607-00103775 they'll kind of just shake it off and
+iRJAvluN7wI-00473-00103776-00104023 after a few minutes they'll fly away
+iRJAvluN7wI-00474-00104024-00104302 um this guy ran into a window but
+iRJAvluN7wI-00475-00104303-00104558 unfortunately he could not just shake it
+iRJAvluN7wI-00476-00104559-00104718 off and fly away
+iRJAvluN7wI-00477-00104719-00104958 um the good news is that the homeowner
+iRJAvluN7wI-00478-00104959-00105223 came around when they heard this thud
+iRJAvluN7wI-00479-00105224-00105423 and they found him on the ground and
+iRJAvluN7wI-00480-00105424-00105702 they brought him to the raptor center
+iRJAvluN7wI-00481-00105703-00105990 so he actually came here to tamarack
+iRJAvluN7wI-00482-00105991-00106231 from the raptor center because they have
+iRJAvluN7wI-00483-00106232-00106295 their own
+iRJAvluN7wI-00484-00106296-00106583 clinic there and they took really good
+iRJAvluN7wI-00485-00106583-00106695 care of him
+iRJAvluN7wI-00486-00106696-00106919 but they found out while he was there
+iRJAvluN7wI-00487-00106920-00107071 that from that injury
+iRJAvluN7wI-00488-00107072-00107327 from hitting the window he actually got
+iRJAvluN7wI-00489-00107328-00107671 some permanent nerve damage in his wing
+iRJAvluN7wI-00490-00107672-00108031 so that means that he cannot fly very
+iRJAvluN7wI-00491-00108032-00108071 well
+iRJAvluN7wI-00492-00108072-00108423 anymore and if you are a fabulous flyer
+iRJAvluN7wI-00493-00108424-00108678 and all of a sudden you can't fly very
+iRJAvluN7wI-00494-00108679-00108799 well anymore
+iRJAvluN7wI-00495-00108800-00108990 you're going to have a really hard time
+iRJAvluN7wI-00496-00108991-00109134 living out in nature
+iRJAvluN7wI-00497-00109135-00109390 in the wild if he still lived out in
+iRJAvluN7wI-00498-00109391-00109463 nature
+iRJAvluN7wI-00499-00109464-00109799 and he could not fly away from predators
+iRJAvluN7wI-00500-00109800-00110134 or fly down to catch his meals he would
+iRJAvluN7wI-00501-00110135-00110215 probably
+iRJAvluN7wI-00502-00110216-00110519 end up as a meal for another wild
+iRJAvluN7wI-00503-00110520-00110743 animal and we didn't want that to happen
+iRJAvluN7wI-00504-00110744-00111054 to him so he became an education bird
+iRJAvluN7wI-00505-00111055-00111151 that's how he
+iRJAvluN7wI-00506-00111152-00111407 started as an animal ambassador here at
+iRJAvluN7wI-00507-00111408-00111510 tamarac
+iRJAvluN7wI-00508-00111511-00111743 and he lives here and teaches all of our
+iRJAvluN7wI-00509-00111744-00111839 friends
+iRJAvluN7wI-00510-00111840-00112143 about owls and other raptors
+iRJAvluN7wI-00511-00112144-00112390 and in exchange we give him paychecks
+iRJAvluN7wI-00512-00112391-00112463 made out of
+iRJAvluN7wI-00513-00112464-00112823 mice so even though he still has some
+iRJAvluN7wI-00514-00112824-00112975 really beautiful feathers
+iRJAvluN7wI-00515-00112976-00113343 on his body and he does still have both
+iRJAvluN7wI-00516-00113344-00113654 wings he has all of his flying body
+iRJAvluN7wI-00517-00113655-00113751 parts
+iRJAvluN7wI-00518-00113752-00114015 he just can't use them to fly very well
+iRJAvluN7wI-00519-00114016-00114110 anymore
+iRJAvluN7wI-00520-00114111-00114399 so right now he can flap his wings and
+iRJAvluN7wI-00521-00114400-00114558 if you've ever seen a chicken
+iRJAvluN7wI-00522-00114559-00114831 kind of flap and hop up on a fence post
+iRJAvluN7wI-00523-00114832-00114919 that's about
+iRJAvluN7wI-00524-00114920-00115239 as far as he can fly so he can fly
+iRJAvluN7wI-00525-00115240-00115471 just a little bit to get up and down and
+iRJAvluN7wI-00526-00115472-00115607 around a little bit
+iRJAvluN7wI-00527-00115608-00115927 but not well enough to live in the wild
+iRJAvluN7wI-00528-00115928-00116231 so this is a fabulous flyer who is
+iRJAvluN7wI-00529-00116232-00116566 awesome at teaching about animals that
+iRJAvluN7wI-00530-00116567-00116727 can fly
+iRJAvluN7wI-00531-00116728-00117039 even though he can't fly himself anymore
+iRJAvluN7wI-00532-00117040-00117423 and i actually have one of his
+iRJAvluN7wI-00533-00117424-00117807 feathers here you can see he's a pretty
+iRJAvluN7wI-00534-00117808-00117919 small owl
+iRJAvluN7wI-00535-00117920-00118190 so he has pretty small feathers if he
+iRJAvluN7wI-00536-00118191-00118390 were a bigger bird he would need
+iRJAvluN7wI-00537-00118391-00118710 bigger feathers to be able to fly and
+iRJAvluN7wI-00538-00118711-00118847 i'm going to show you
+iRJAvluN7wI-00539-00118848-00119295 some bigger feathers in just a moment
+iRJAvluN7wI-00540-00119296-00119615 i have here a bigger feather
+iRJAvluN7wI-00541-00119616-00119951 from a bigger kind of owl
+iRJAvluN7wI-00542-00119952-00120295 and just so you can compare this was the
+iRJAvluN7wI-00543-00120296-00120566 feather from the little saw wet owl
+iRJAvluN7wI-00544-00120567-00120927 and this is a bigger owl so
+iRJAvluN7wI-00545-00120928-00121134 they have different feathers depending
+iRJAvluN7wI-00546-00121135-00121271 on their size
+iRJAvluN7wI-00547-00121272-00121543 they have different patterns on their
+iRJAvluN7wI-00548-00121544-00121599 feathers
+iRJAvluN7wI-00549-00121600-00121783 depending on their species and they have
+iRJAvluN7wI-00550-00121783-00122014 lots of different types of feathers
+iRJAvluN7wI-00551-00122015-00122190 on their bodies so i want to show you
+iRJAvluN7wI-00552-00122191-00122390 some other really cool feathers
+iRJAvluN7wI-00553-00122391-00122607 that you don't always find out on the
+iRJAvluN7wI-00554-00122608-00122790 ground in nature you don't get to see
+iRJAvluN7wI-00555-00122791-00122910 these kinds of feathers
+iRJAvluN7wI-00556-00122911-00123295 every day some feathers
+iRJAvluN7wI-00557-00123296-00123654 are really teeny
+iRJAvluN7wI-00558-00123655-00123934 tiny so you probably can't see that on
+iRJAvluN7wI-00559-00123935-00124119 camera it's only about that
+iRJAvluN7wI-00560-00124120-00124431 big and believe it or not this feather
+iRJAvluN7wI-00561-00124432-00124799 is from the same bird as this feather
+iRJAvluN7wI-00562-00124800-00125110 i have a couple more here some of them
+iRJAvluN7wI-00563-00125111-00125439 are a little bigger but they're really
+iRJAvluN7wI-00564-00125440-00125854 light and fluffy they're really airy
+iRJAvluN7wI-00565-00125855-00126078 they have kind of these wispy little
+iRJAvluN7wI-00566-00126079-00126254 parts on them
+iRJAvluN7wI-00567-00126255-00126583 and these are also from the same kind
+iRJAvluN7wI-00568-00126583-00126990 of bird and we have another one here
+iRJAvluN7wI-00569-00126991-00127183 this is another oh they're sticking to
+iRJAvluN7wI-00570-00127183-00127454 me another smaller feather but you can
+iRJAvluN7wI-00571-00127455-00127551 start to see
+iRJAvluN7wI-00572-00127552-00127863 some of the pattern on there that gives
+iRJAvluN7wI-00573-00127864-00127927 the bird
+iRJAvluN7wI-00574-00127928-00128286 its camouflage so we have all these
+iRJAvluN7wI-00575-00128288-00128478 different types of feathers and they're
+iRJAvluN7wI-00576-00128479-00128527 from
+iRJAvluN7wI-00577-00128528-00128902 one kind of owl can you guess
+iRJAvluN7wI-00578-00128903-00129183 what kind of owl these feathers come
+iRJAvluN7wI-00579-00129183-00129247 from
+iRJAvluN7wI-00580-00129248-00129463 i'll make it a little bit easier for you
+iRJAvluN7wI-00581-00129464-00129575 and i will give you some
+iRJAvluN7wI-00582-00129576-00129910 choices so is it a
+iRJAvluN7wI-00583-00129911-00130223 a barred owl b
+iRJAvluN7wI-00584-00130224-00130543 a great horned owl c
+iRJAvluN7wI-00585-00130544-00130847 a screech owl or d
+iRJAvluN7wI-00586-00130848-00131463 of boreal owl what do you think
+iRJAvluN7wI-00587-00131464-00131783 this is actually a feather from one of
+iRJAvluN7wI-00588-00131784-00131807 our
+iRJAvluN7wI-00589-00131808-00132063 other animal ambassadors right here at
+iRJAvluN7wI-00590-00132064-00132166 tamarack
+iRJAvluN7wI-00591-00132167-00132463 this is a barred owl feather and it came
+iRJAvluN7wI-00592-00132464-00132511 from
+iRJAvluN7wI-00593-00132512-00132919 our bard owl horton as well as
+iRJAvluN7wI-00594-00132920-00133223 all of these other different types of
+iRJAvluN7wI-00595-00133224-00133327 feathers
+iRJAvluN7wI-00596-00133328-00133551 these smaller fluffier feathers are
+iRJAvluN7wI-00597-00133552-00133631 really good
+iRJAvluN7wI-00598-00133632-00133951 for keeping the owl warm and dry
+iRJAvluN7wI-00599-00133952-00134175 and for helping them camouflage when
+iRJAvluN7wI-00600-00134176-00134359 they're living out in the wild
+iRJAvluN7wI-00601-00134360-00134566 but these little feathers don't do very
+iRJAvluN7wI-00602-00134567-00134687 much to help them be
+iRJAvluN7wI-00603-00134688-00135007 fabulous flyers it's the bigger
+iRJAvluN7wI-00604-00135008-00135335 feathers that really help them with
+iRJAvluN7wI-00605-00135336-00135663 their flight and you might be wondering
+iRJAvluN7wI-00606-00135664-00135711 where
+iRJAvluN7wI-00607-00135712-00136023 i got all of these feathers from
+iRJAvluN7wI-00608-00136024-00136359 we do not pluck them off of our owls
+iRJAvluN7wI-00609-00136360-00136607 they actually lose some of their
+iRJAvluN7wI-00610-00136608-00136678 feathers
+iRJAvluN7wI-00611-00136679-00136975 every single year because they start to
+iRJAvluN7wI-00612-00136976-00137031 wear
+iRJAvluN7wI-00613-00137032-00137375 out and as they wear out they're not as
+iRJAvluN7wI-00614-00137376-00137431 good for
+iRJAvluN7wI-00615-00137432-00137759 flying they can't get as much lift and
+iRJAvluN7wI-00616-00137760-00137878 they need to grow in
+iRJAvluN7wI-00617-00137879-00138190 new feathers to replace the old ones
+iRJAvluN7wI-00618-00138191-00138495 so these are all old
+iRJAvluN7wI-00619-00138496-00138799 feathers that our owl has molded
+iRJAvluN7wI-00620-00138800-00139127 out over the last couple of seasons they
+iRJAvluN7wI-00621-00139128-00139223 don't lose
+iRJAvluN7wI-00622-00139224-00139447 all of them every year and there's a
+iRJAvluN7wI-00623-00139448-00139623 really good reason for that because if
+iRJAvluN7wI-00624-00139624-00139743 you are a fabulous
+iRJAvluN7wI-00625-00139744-00140031 flyer and all of a sudden you drop all
+iRJAvluN7wI-00626-00140032-00140119 of your feathers
+iRJAvluN7wI-00627-00140120-00140343 and you're a naked bird you're not going
+iRJAvluN7wI-00628-00140344-00140495 to be able to fly
+iRJAvluN7wI-00629-00140496-00140702 you really need to have those feathers
+iRJAvluN7wI-00630-00140703-00140799 to fly
+iRJAvluN7wI-00631-00140800-00141063 so they replace some of them at a time
+iRJAvluN7wI-00632-00141064-00141239 and i just thought it would be fun to
+iRJAvluN7wI-00633-00141240-00141359 show you
+iRJAvluN7wI-00634-00141360-00141702 how many feathers can come off of one
+iRJAvluN7wI-00635-00141703-00142014 owl in about a year so these are all the
+iRJAvluN7wI-00636-00142015-00142087 fluffy
+iRJAvluN7wI-00637-00142088-00142302 body feathers they're called contour
+iRJAvluN7wI-00638-00142303-00142407 feathers
+iRJAvluN7wI-00639-00142408-00142726 and these are more of the flight
+iRJAvluN7wI-00640-00142727-00143047 feathers these big ones flight feathers
+iRJAvluN7wI-00641-00143048-00143383 are a lot more stiff or rigid
+iRJAvluN7wI-00642-00143384-00143607 compared to some of the smaller softer
+iRJAvluN7wI-00643-00143608-00143839 ones because they need to be
+iRJAvluN7wI-00644-00143840-00144190 able to catch the air and give the bird
+iRJAvluN7wI-00645-00144191-00144566 some lift so they're a lot more sturdy
+iRJAvluN7wI-00646-00144567-00144854 than some of the other feathers and they
+iRJAvluN7wI-00647-00144855-00144919 also
+iRJAvluN7wI-00648-00144920-00145166 help these fabulous flyers with a
+iRJAvluN7wI-00649-00145167-00145326 special gift
+iRJAvluN7wI-00650-00145327-00145654 owls can fly silently
+iRJAvluN7wI-00651-00145655-00145847 and they have a couple of adaptations
+iRJAvluN7wI-00652-00145848-00146039 with their feathers that help them to be
+iRJAvluN7wI-00653-00146040-00146214 able to do that
+iRJAvluN7wI-00654-00146215-00146535 one is going to be pretty hard to see on
+iRJAvluN7wI-00655-00146536-00146614 camera
+iRJAvluN7wI-00656-00146615-00146839 but the surface of the feather on the
+iRJAvluN7wI-00657-00146840-00146959 top side
+iRJAvluN7wI-00658-00146960-00147263 has kind of a velvety
+iRJAvluN7wI-00659-00147264-00147559 it's almost like a velvety carpet on top
+iRJAvluN7wI-00660-00147560-00147654 of the feather
+iRJAvluN7wI-00661-00147655-00148031 it's very soft and that helps so that
+iRJAvluN7wI-00662-00148032-00148143 when the owl
+iRJAvluN7wI-00663-00148144-00148502 is flying and these feathers are moving
+iRJAvluN7wI-00664-00148503-00148775 and sliding over one another it helps
+iRJAvluN7wI-00665-00148776-00148863 them to be more
+iRJAvluN7wI-00666-00148864-00149087 quiet because they have that velvety
+iRJAvluN7wI-00667-00149088-00149239 texture
+iRJAvluN7wI-00668-00149240-00149478 and another thing that's really special
+iRJAvluN7wI-00669-00149479-00149654 about owl feathers
+iRJAvluN7wI-00670-00149655-00149951 is that they have teeny tiny little
+iRJAvluN7wI-00671-00149952-00150119 fringes
+iRJAvluN7wI-00672-00150120-00150439 on the edges of the feather and
+iRJAvluN7wI-00673-00150440-00150695 that helps them to fly silently because
+iRJAvluN7wI-00674-00150696-00150854 it changes the way the
+iRJAvluN7wI-00675-00150855-00151159 air flows around and through the edges
+iRJAvluN7wI-00676-00151160-00151287 of the feather
+iRJAvluN7wI-00677-00151288-00151599 so try this at home pretend it's a
+iRJAvluN7wI-00678-00151600-00151926 really hot day outside maybe it is
+iRJAvluN7wI-00679-00151927-00152126 and you need to cool off so you're going
+iRJAvluN7wI-00680-00152127-00152287 to fan yourself
+iRJAvluN7wI-00681-00152288-00152535 does it work better to fan yourself with
+iRJAvluN7wI-00682-00152536-00152766 your fingers spread apart
+iRJAvluN7wI-00683-00152767-00152990 or with your fingers closed a closed
+iRJAvluN7wI-00684-00152991-00153183 hand so try both
+iRJAvluN7wI-00685-00153184-00153631 try a closed hand and try an open hand
+iRJAvluN7wI-00686-00153632-00153935 and then owls feather the edges are more
+iRJAvluN7wI-00687-00153936-00153975 like
+iRJAvluN7wI-00688-00153976-00154295 your open fingers they let a little bit
+iRJAvluN7wI-00689-00154296-00154319 of
+iRJAvluN7wI-00690-00154320-00154631 air pass through so they're not quite as
+iRJAvluN7wI-00691-00154632-00154863 noisy you don't get that really loud
+iRJAvluN7wI-00692-00154864-00155190 strong wing beat sound because
+iRJAvluN7wI-00693-00155191-00155463 those little tiny fringes make a really
+iRJAvluN7wI-00694-00155464-00155511 big
+iRJAvluN7wI-00695-00155512-00155943 difference for these fabulous flyers
+iRJAvluN7wI-00696-00155944-00156199 and we're actually going to show you a
+iRJAvluN7wI-00697-00156200-00156375 little video clip
+iRJAvluN7wI-00698-00156376-00156799 of this owl the bard owl horton
+iRJAvluN7wI-00699-00156800-00157119 with his wings moving a little bit so
+iRJAvluN7wI-00700-00157120-00157223 you can see
+iRJAvluN7wI-00702-00163064-00163272 you