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thirumalayapalem, Telangana raashtram, Khammam jalla, thirumalayapalem mandalaaniki chendina gramam. idi sameepa pattanhamaina Khammam nundi 17 ki. mee. dooramlo Pali. 2016 loo chosen Telangana jillala punarvyavastheekaranaku mundhu yea gramam paata Khammam jalla loni idhey mandalamlo undedi. ganankaalu 2011 bhartiya janaganhana ganamkala prakaaram yea gramam 850 illatho, 3496 janaabhaatho 943 hectarlalo vistarimchi Pali. gramamlo magavari sanka 1549, aadavari sanka 1947. scheduled kulala sanka 700 Dum scheduled thegala sanka 390. gramam yokka janaganhana lokeshan kood 579629. pinn kood: 507163. vidyaa soukaryalu gramamlo ooka praivetu balabadi Pali. prabhutva praadhimika paatasaala okati, praivetu praadhimika paatasaalalu remdu, prabhutva praathamikonnatha paatasaala okati , praivetu praathamikonnatha paatasaalalu remdu, prabhutva maadhyamika paatasaala okati, praivetu maadhyamika paatasaala okati unnayi. ooka praivetu juunior kalaasaala Pali.ooka praivetu vrutthi vidyaa sikshnha paatasaala Pali.sameepa prabhutva aarts / science degrey kalaasaala khammamloonu, inginiiring kalaasaala aarempalaloonuu unnayi. sameepa vydya kalaasaala, maenejimentu kalaasaala, polytechnic khammamlo unnayi.sameepa aniyata vidyaa kendram, divyangula pratyeka paatasaala Khammam loo unnayi. vydya saukaryam prabhutva vydya saukaryam tirumalayapalemlo unna okapraathamika aaroogya kendramlo iddharu daaktarlu , naluguru paaraamedikal sibbandi unnare. ooka praadhimika aaroogya vupa kendramlo daaktarlu laeru. iddharu paaraamedikal sibbandi unnare. ooka pashu vaidyasaalalo ooka doctoru, iddharu paaraamedikal sibbandi unnare.samchaara vydya shaala gramam nundi 5 ki.mee. lopu dooramlo Pali. sameepa saamaajika aaroogya kendram, maathaa sisu samrakshana kendram, ti. b vaidyasaala gramam nundi 10 ki.mee. kante ekuva dooramlo unnayi. alopathy asupatri, pratyaamnaaya aushadha asupatri, dispensory, kutumba sankshaema kendram gramam nundi 10 ki.mee. kante ekuva dooramlo unnayi. praivetu vydya saukaryam gramamlo3 praivetu vydya soukaryaalunnaayi. degrey laeni daaktarlu muguru unnare. ooka mandula duknam Pali. thaagu neee gramamlo kulaayila dwara rakshith manchineeti sarafara jargutondhi. bavula neee kudaa andubatulo Pali. gramamlo edaadi podugunaa chetipampula dwara neee andutundi. borubavula dwara kudaa edaadi podugunaa neee andutundi. paarisudhyam muruguneeru bahiranga kaaluvala dwara pravahistundi. muruguneeru bahiranganga, kaccha kaaluvala dwara kudaa pravahistundi. muruguneetini neerugaa jalavanarulloki vadulutunnaaru. gramamlo sampuurnha paarishudhya pathakam amalavutondi. saamaajika marugudoddi saukaryam ledhu. intintikii tirigi vyarthaalanu sekarinche vyvasta ledhu. saamaajika biogyas utpaadaka vyvasta ledhu. chettanu veedhula pakkane paarabostaaru. samaachara, ravaanhaa soukaryalu tirumalayapalemlo postaphysu saukaryam Pali. sab postaphysu saukaryam, poest und telegraf aphisu gramam nundi 10 ki.mee.ki paibadina dooramlo unnayi. laand Jalor telephony, piblic fone aphisu, mobile fone modalaina soukaryalu unnayi. internet kefe / common seva kendram, praivetu korier gramam nundi 10 ki.mee.ki paibadina dooramlo unnayi. gramaniki sameepa praantaala nundi prabhutva ravaanhaa samshtha buses thiruguthunnai. sameepa gramala nundi auto saukaryam kudaa Pali. vyavasaayam koraku vaadenduku gramamlo tracterlunnayi. praivetu baasu saukaryam gramaniki 5 ki.mee. lopu dooramlo Pali. railway steshion gramam nundi 10 ki.mee.ki paibadina dooramlo Pali. rashtra rahadari, pradhaana jalla rahadari, jalla rahadari gramam gunda potunnayi. jaateeya rahadari gramam nundi 10 ki.mee.ki paibadina dooramlo Pali. gramamlo tharu roadlu, kankara roadlu, mattirodloo unnayi. marketingu, byaankingu gramamlo atm, vaanijya banku, sahakara banku, vyavasaya parapati sangham unnayi. gramamlo swayam sahaayaka brundam, pouura sarapharaala kendram, vaaram vaaram Bazar, vyavasaya marcheting sociiety unnayi. aaroogyam, poeshanha, vinoda soukaryalu gramamlo angan vaadii kendram, itara poshakaahaara kendralu, aashaa karyakartha unnayi. gramamlo aatala maidanam, cinma halu, piblic reading ruum unnayi. gramamlo vaarthapathrika pampinhii jarudutundhi. assembli poling steshion, janana maranala namoodhu kaaryaalayam unnayi. sameekruta baalala abhivruddhi pathakam gramam nundi 5 ki.mee. lopu dooramlo Pali. granthaalayam gramam nundi 10 ki.mee.ki paibadina dooramlo Pali. gramamlo janminchina pramukhulu denchanaala vijayakumari : jwalita aney kalam paerutoe kavitvam veluvaristunna kayithri . eeme denchanaala eshwaramma, brahmaiah dampathulaku 1959 marchi 11va tedeena Khammam jalla tirumalaayapaalemlo janminchindhi. vidyuttu gramamlo gruhaavasaraala nimitham vidyut sarafara vyvasta Pali. rojuku 7 gantala paatu vyavasaayaaniki, 14 gantala paatu vaanijya avsarala choose kudaa vidyut sarafara chesthunnaaru. bhuumii viniyogam tirumalayapalemlo bhu viniyogam kindhi vidhamgaa Pali: vyavasaayetara viniyogamlo unna bhuumii: 83 hectares vyavasaayam sagani, banjaru bhuumii: 218 hectares saswata pachika pranthalu, itara metha bhuumii: 73 hectares saagulo laeni bhoomullo beedu bhoomulu kanivi: 105 hectares banjaru bhuumii: 139 hectares nikaramgaa vittina bhuumii: 325 hectares neeti saukaryam laeni bhuumii: 233 hectares vividha vanarula nundi saguniru labhistunna bhuumii: 336 hectares neetipaarudala soukaryalu tirumalayapalemlo vyavasaayaaniki neeti sarafara kindhi vanarula dwara jargutondhi. baavulu/boru baavulu: 328 hectares cheruvulu: 8 hectares utpatthi tirumalayapalemlo yea kindhi vastuvulu utpatthi avtunnayi. pradhaana pantalu pratthi, mirapa, vari moolaalu velupali linkulu thirumalayapalem paerutoe gala itara paejiila koraku thirumalayapalem (ayoomaya nivrti) peejee chudandi.

vaelaerupaadu, AndhraPradesh rashtramloni Eluru jalla, vaelaerupaadu mandalam loni revenyuyetara gramam, vaelaerupaadu mandalaaniki pradhaana kendram.idi prasidda punhyakshetram. bhadraachalam nundi 60 ki.mee dooramlo Pali. charithra rashtra punarvibhajana chattam prakaaram polvaram mumpu mandalaalatho paatu graamaalanu...Telangana nunchi aandhra Pradesh- loki vileenam chesthu prabhuthvam prakatana vidudhala chesindi. Khammam jillaaloni polvaram mumpu mandalaalanu ubhaya godawari jillaalloki kaluputunnatlu prakatinchindhi. rashtra vibhajana nepathyamlo polvaram prajectu will mumpunaku gurayye praantaalanu epiloki badalaayinchenduku punarvibhajana chattamloni section- 3loo paerkonnaaru. ndhuku anugunamga Khammam jalla paridhilooni kukkanuru, vaelaerupaadu, bhadraachalam (bhadraachalam minahaa mandalamlooni anni gramalu) , kunavaram, chintur, vararamachandrapuram, mandalaalathopaatu aaru graamaalanu aandhra Pradesh-loo vileenam chesthunnatlu prakatinchaaru. AndhraPradesh- jillala aavirbhava chattam prakaaram ayah graamaalanu rashtramlo kalupukuntunnatlu tagina pratipaadanalatoo koodina prakatananu juulai 31na gazettee-loo prachurincharu. moolaalu velupali linkulu revenyuu gramalu kanni Mandla kendralu paschima godawari jalla

singareni, Telangana raashtram, Khammam jalla, singareni mandalaaniki chendina gramam.idi sameepa pattanhamaina illandu nundi 10 ki. mee. dooramlo Pali. 2016 aktobaru 11 na chosen Telangana jillala punarvyavastheekaranaku mundhu yea gramam avibhakta Khammam jillaaloo, idhey mandalamlo undedi. ganankaalu 2011 bhartiya janaganhana ganamkala prakaaram yea gramam 1440 illatho, 5505 janaabhaatho 1334 hectarlalo vistarimchi Pali. gramamlo magavari sanka 2682, aadavari sanka 2823. scheduled kulala sanka 1327 Dum scheduled thegala sanka 1138. gramam yokka janaganhana lokeshan kood 579455.pinn kood: 507122.''' pramukha samshthalu singareni collieries kompany lemited‎ singareni bogguganulu graama panchayath 2013 julailo yea graama panchaayatiiki jargina ennikalallo mandepudi raanee sarpanchigaa ennikaindi. vidyaa soukaryalu gramamlo prabhutva praadhimika paatasaalalu aaru, praivetu praadhimika paatasaala okati , prabhutva praathamikonnatha paatasaalalu remdu , praivetu praathamikonnatha paatasaala okati, prabhutva maadhyamika paatasaalalu remdu, praivetu maadhyamika paatasaalalu muudu unnayi. ooka prabhutva juunior kalasalaka praivetu aarts / science degrey kalaasaala unnayi. 2 praivetu inginiiring kalashalalu unnayi. ooka praivetu vrutthi vidyaa sikshnha paatasaala Pali.sameepa balabadi illandulo Pali.sameepa vydya kalaasaala, maenejimentu kalaasaala, polytechnic khammamlo unnayi.sameepa aniyata vidyaa kendram ellandulonu, divyangula pratyeka paatasaala khammamloonuu unnayi. vydya saukaryam prabhutva vydya saukaryam singarenilo unna okapraathamika aaroogya kendramlo iddharu daaktarlu , naluguru paaraamedikal sibbandi unnare. ooka praadhimika aaroogya vupa kendramlo daaktarlu laeru. iddharu paaraamedikal sibbandi unnare. ooka pashu vaidyasaalalo ooka doctoru, okaru paaraamedikal sibbandi unnare. ooka samchaara vydya salaloo daaktarlu laeru. muguru paaraamedikal sibbandi unnare. sameepa saamaajika aaroogya kendram, maathaa sisu samrakshana kendram, ti. b vaidyasaala gramam nundi 5 nundi 10 ki.mee. dooramlo unnayi. alopathy asupatri, pratyaamnaaya aushadha asupatri gramam nundi 5 nundi 10 ki.mee. dooramlo unnayi. dispensory, kutumba sankshaema kendram gramam nundi 10 ki.mee. kante ekuva dooramlo unnayi. praivetu vydya saukaryam gramamlo3 praivetu vydya soukaryaalunnaayi. degrey laeni daaktarlu muguru unnare. muudu mandula dukaanaalu unnayi. thaagu neee gramamlo kulaayila dwara rakshith manchineeti sarafara jargutondhi. gramamlo edaadi podugunaa chetipampula dwara neee andutundi. borubavula dwara kudaa edaadi podugunaa neee andutundi. paarisudhyam gramamlo bhugarbha muruguneeti vyvasta Pali. muruguneeru bahiranga kaaluvala dwara kudaa pravahistundi. muruguneeru bahiranganga, kaccha kaaluvala dwara kudaa pravahistundi. muruguneetini shuddi plant‌loki pampistunnaru. gramamlo sampuurnha paarishudhya pathakam amalavutondi. saamaajika marugudoddi saukaryam ledhu. intintikii tirigi vyarthaalanu sekarinche vyvasta ledhu. saamaajika biogyas utpaadaka vyvasta ledhu. chettanu veedhula pakkane paarabostaaru. samaachara, ravaanhaa soukaryalu singarenilo postaphysu saukaryam Pali. sab postaphysu saukaryam gramaniki 5 ki.mee. lopu dooramlo Pali. poest und telegraf aphisu gramaniki 5 nundi 10 ki.mee. dooramlo Pali. laand Jalor telephony, piblic fone aphisu, mobile fone, internet kefe / common seva kendram modalaina soukaryalu unnayi. praivetu korier gramaniki 5 nundi 10 ki.mee. dooramlo Pali. gramaniki sameepa praantaala nundi prabhutva ravaanhaa samshtha buses thiruguthunnai. sameepa gramala nundi auto saukaryam kudaa Pali. railway steshion Pali. praivetu baasu saukaryam, tractoru saukaryam modalainavi gramaniki 5 nundi 10 ki.mee. dooramlo unnayi. pradhaana jalla rahadari, jalla rahadari gramam gunda potunnayi. rashtra rahadari gramam nundi 5 ki.mee. lopu dooramlo Pali. jaateeya rahadari gramam nundi 10 ki.mee.ki paibadina dooramlo Pali. gramamlo tharu roadlu, kankara roadlu, mattirodloo unnayi. marketingu, byaankingu gramamlo atm, vaanijya banku, sahakara banku, vyavasaya parapati sangham unnayi. gramamlo swayam sahaayaka brundam, pouura sarapharaala kendram, vaaram vaaram Bazar, vyavasaya marcheting sociiety unnayi. aaroogyam, poeshanha, vinoda soukaryalu gramamlo sameekruta baalala abhivruddhi pathakam, angan vaadii kendram, itara poshakaahaara kendralu, aashaa karyakartha unnayi. gramamlo aatala maidanam, cinma halu, piblic reading ruum unnayi. gramamlo vaarthapathrika pampinhii jarudutundhi. assembli poling steshion, janana maranala namoodhu kaaryaalayam unnayi. granthaalayam gramam nundi 5 nundi 10 ki.mee. dooramlo Pali. vidyuttu gramamlo gruhaavasaraala nimitham vidyut sarafara vyvasta Pali. rojuku 7 gantala paatu vyavasaayaaniki, 14 gantala paatu vaanijya avsarala choose kudaa vidyut sarafara chesthunnaaru. bhuumii viniyogam singarenilo bhu viniyogam kindhi vidhamgaa Pali: vyavasaayetara viniyogamlo unna bhuumii: 208 hectares vyavasaayam sagani, banjaru bhuumii: 85 hectares saswata pachika pranthalu, itara metha bhuumii: 253 hectares vyavasaayam cheyadagga banjaru bhuumii: 14 hectares nikaramgaa vittina bhuumii: 771 hectares neeti saukaryam laeni bhuumii: 455 hectares vividha vanarula nundi saguniru labhistunna bhuumii: 315 hectares neetipaarudala soukaryalu singarenilo vyavasaayaaniki neeti sarafara kindhi vanarula dwara jargutondhi. baavulu/boru baavulu: 159 hectares cheruvulu: 146 hectares itara vanarula dwara: 9 hectares utpatthi singarenilo yea kindhi vastuvulu utpatthi avtunnayi. pradhaana pantalu vari, mirapa, pratthi moolaalu velupali linkulu new:सिंगरेणि मण्डल, खम्मम जिल्ला

tallada, Telangana raashtram, Khammam jalla, tallada mandalaaniki chendina ooka gramam. idi sameepa pattanhamaina Khammam nundi 35 ki. mee. dooramlo Pali. 2016 loo chosen Telangana jillala punarvyavastheekaranaku mundhu yea gramam paata Khammam jalla loni idhey mandalamlo undedi. ganankaalu 2011 bhartiya janaganhana ganamkala prakaaram yea gramam 3248 illatho, 11802 janaabhaatho 2161 hectarlalo vistarimchi Pali. gramamlo magavari sanka 5908, aadavari sanka 5894. scheduled kulala sanka 2259 Dum scheduled thegala sanka 652. gramam yokka janaganhana lokeshan kood 579774..pinn kood: 507167. vidyaa soukaryalu gramamlo prabhutva praadhimika paatasaalalu aaru, praivetu praadhimika paatasaalalu iidu, prabhutva praathamikonnatha paatasaalalu remdu , praivetu praathamikonnatha paatasaalalu remdu, prabhutva maadhyamika paatasaalalu remdu, praivetu maadhyamika paatasaalalu remdu unnayi. 2 praivetu juunior kalashalalu ooka praivetu aarts / science degrey kalaasaala unnayi. ooka praivetu vrutthi vidyaa sikshnha paatasaala Pali.sameepa balabadi vairaalo Pali.sameepa inginiiring kalaasaala khammamlo Pali. sameepa vydya kalaasaala, maenejimentu kalaasaala, polytechnic khammamlo unnayi.sameepa aniyata vidyaa kendram, divyangula pratyeka paatasaala Khammam loo unnayi. vydya saukaryam prabhutva vydya saukaryam thallaadalo unna okapraathamika aaroogya kendramlo iddharu daaktarlu , 8 mandhi paaraamedikal sibbandi unnare. remdu praadhimika aaroogya vupa kendrallo daaktarlu laeru. iddharu paaraamedikal sibbandi unnare. ooka pashu vaidyasaalalo ooka doctoru, iddharu paaraamedikal sibbandi unnare. ooka samchaara vydya salaloo daaktarlu laeru. muguru paaraamedikal sibbandi unnare. sameepa saamaajika aaroogya kendram, maathaa sisu samrakshana kendram, ti. b vaidyasaala gramam nundi 10 ki.mee. kante ekuva dooramlo unnayi. alopathy asupatri, pratyaamnaaya aushadha asupatri, dispensory, kutumba sankshaema kendram gramam nundi 10 ki.mee. kante ekuva dooramlo unnayi. praivetu vydya saukaryam gramamlo10 praivetu vydya soukaryaalunnaayi. degrey laeni daaktarlu 10 mandhi unnare. iidu mandula dukaanaalu unnayi. thaagu neee gramamlo kulaayila dwara rakshith manchineeti sarafara jargutondhi. gramamlo edaadi podugunaa chetipampula dwara neee andutundi. borubavula dwara kudaa edaadi podugunaa neee andutundi. paarisudhyam muruguneeru bahiranga kaaluvala dwara pravahistundi. muruguneetini shuddi plant‌loki pampistunnaru. gramam sampuurnha paarishudhya pathakam kindaku raavatledu. saamaajika marugudoddi saukaryam Pali. intintikii tirigi vyarthaalanu sekarinche vyvasta ledhu. saamaajika biogyas utpaadaka vyvasta ledhu. chettanu veedhula pakkane paarabostaaru. samaachara, ravaanhaa soukaryalu thallaadalo postaphysu saukaryam, poest und telegraf aphisu unnayi. sab postaphysu saukaryam gramaniki 5 ki.mee. lopu dooramlo Pali. laand Jalor telephony, piblic fone aphisu, mobile fone, internet kefe / common seva kendram, praivetu korier modalaina soukaryalu unnayi.gramaniki sameepa praantaala nundi prabhutva ravaanhaa samshtha bassulupraivetu buses thiruguthunnai. sameepa gramala nundi auto saukaryam kudaa Pali. vyavasaayam koraku vaadenduku gramamlo tracterlunnayi. railway steshion gramam nundi 10 ki.mee.ki paibadina dooramlo Pali.rashtra rahadari, pradhaana jalla rahadari, jalla rahadari gramam gunda potunnayi. jaateeya rahadari gramam nundi 5 nundi 10 ki.mee. dooramlo Pali. gramamlo tharu roadlu, kankara roadlu, mattirodloo unnayi. marketingu, byaankingu gramamlo atm, vaanijya banku, sahakara banku, vyavasaya parapati sangham unnayi. gramamlo swayam sahaayaka brundam, pouura sarapharaala kendram, vaaram vaaram Bazar, vyavasaya marcheting sociiety unnayi. aaroogyam, poeshanha, vinoda soukaryalu gramamlo sameekruta baalala abhivruddhi pathakam, angan vaadii kendram, itara poshakaahaara kendralu, aashaa karyakartha unnayi. gramamlo aatala maidanam, cinma halu, granthaalayam, piblic reading ruum unnayi. gramamlo vaarthapathrika pampinhii jarudutundhi. assembli poling steshion, janana maranala namoodhu kaaryaalayam unnayi. vidyuttu gramamlo gruhaavasaraala nimitham vidyut sarafara vyvasta Pali. rojuku 7 gantala paatu vyavasaayaaniki, 14 gantala paatu vaanijya avsarala choose kudaa vidyut sarafara chesthunnaaru. bhuumii viniyogam thallaadalo bhu viniyogam kindhi vidhamgaa Pali: vyavasaayetara viniyogamlo unna bhuumii: 452 hectares vyavasaayam sagani, banjaru bhuumii: 31 hectares saswata pachika pranthalu, itara metha bhuumii: 38 hectares saagulo laeni bhoomullo beedu bhoomulu kanivi: 10 hectares banjaru bhuumii: 739 hectares nikaramgaa vittina bhuumii: 891 hectares neeti saukaryam laeni bhuumii: 1050 hectares vividha vanarula nundi saguniru labhistunna bhuumii: 590 hectares neetipaarudala soukaryalu thallaadalo vyavasaayaaniki neeti sarafara kindhi vanarula dwara jargutondhi. kaluvalu: 240 hectares baavulu/boru baavulu: 200 hectares cheruvulu: 150 hectares utpatthi thallaadalo yea kindhi vastuvulu utpatthi avtunnayi. pradhaana pantalu vari, pratthi, mirapa paarishraamika utpattulu bhiyyam moolaalu velupali linkulu

tekulapalli mandalam, Telangana rashtramloni bhadradari kottagudem jillaku chendina mandalam‎.. 2016 loo jargina jillala punarvyavastheekaranaku mundhu yea mandalam Khammam jalla loo undedi. prasthutham yea mandalam kottagudem revenyuu divisionulo bhaagam. punarvyavastheekaranaku mundhu kudaa idhey divisionulo undedi.yea mandalamlo  6  revenyuu gramalu unnayi.nirjana gramalu leavu.Mandla kendram tekulapalli ganankaalu 2011 bhartiya janaganhana ganamkala prakaaram Mandla janaba motham 47,879 - purushulu 24,029 - strilu 23,850 2016 loo jargina punarvyavastheekarana taruvaata, yea Mandla vaishaalyam 469 cha.ki.mee. Dum, janaba 47,879. janaabhaalo purushulu 24,029 Dum, streela sanka 23,850. mandalamlo 12,445 gruhalunnayi. Khammam jalla nundi bhadradari jillaku maarpu. 2014 loo thelangaanaa pratyeka rashtramgaa yerpadina taruvaata modhatisaarigaa 2016 loo prabhuthvam nuuthana jillaalu, revenyuu divisionlu, mandalala yerpaatulo bhaagamgaa tekulapalli Mandla kendramga (0+6) aaru graamaaluto kotthaga yerpadina bhadradari (kottagudem) jalla paridhiloo chaerchutuu dhi.11.10.2016 nundi amaluloeki testuu prabhuthvam uttarvu jarichesindi. mandalam loni gramalu revenyuu gramalu bodu koppurayi gangaaram bethampudi pegallapadu gollapalli moolaalu velupali linkulu

vararamachandrapuram , AndhraPradesh rashtramloni alluuri siitaaraamaraaju jalla, vararamachandrapuram Mandla loni revenyuyetara gramam. idi vararamachandrapuram Mandla kendram.rashtra punarvibhajana chattam prakaaram polvaram mumpu mandalaalatho paatu graamaalanu...Telangana nunchi AndhraPradesh- loki vileenam chesthu prabhuthvam prakatana vidudhala chesindi. Khammam jillaaloni polvaram mumpu mandalaalanu.ubhaya godawari jillaalloki kaluputunnatlu prakatinchindhi. rashtra vibhajana nepathyamlo polvaram prajectu will mumpunaku gurayye praantaalanu epiloki badalaayinchenduku punarvibhajana chattamloni section- 3loo paerkonnaaru. andukanugunamgaa Khammam jalla paridhilooni kukkanuru, vaelaerupaadu, bhadraachalam, kunavaram, chintaru, vararamachandrapuram, mandalaalathopaatu aaru graamaalanu AndhraPradesh-loo vileenam chesthunnatlu prakatinchaaru. AndhraPradesh- jillala aavirbhava chattam prakaaram ayah graamaalanu rashtramlo kalupukuntunnatlu tagina pratipaadanalatoo koodina prakatananu juulai 31na gazettee-loo prachurincharu. gramamlo janminchina pramukhulu kunja sathyavati: eeme shoolam krishna, siitamma dampathulaku vararamachandrapuramlo 1971, augustu 1na janminchindhi.maajii saasana sabhyuralu moolaalu velupali linkulu revenyuu gramalu kanni Mandla kendralu

vemsuru, Telangana raashtram, Khammam jillaku vemsuru mandalaaniki chendina gramam.. idi sameepa pattanhamaina sathupalli nundi 12 ki. mee. dooramlo Pali. 2016 loo chosen Telangana jillala punarvyavastheekaranaku mundhu yea gramam paata Khammam jalla loni idhey mandalamlo undedi. ganankaalu 2011 bhartiya janaganhana ganamkala prakaaram yea gramam 3768 illatho, 13485 janaabhaatho 3732 hectarlalo vistarimchi Pali. gramamlo magavari sanka 6817, aadavari sanka 6668. scheduled kulala sanka 3503 Dum scheduled thegala sanka 220. gramam yokka janaganhana lokeshan kood 579901. pinn kood: 507164. vidyaa soukaryalu gramamlo moodupraivetu baalabadulu unnayi. prabhutva praadhimika paatasaalalu 9, praivetu praadhimika paatasaalalu muudu, prabhutva praathamikonnatha paatasaalalu aaru , praivetu praathamikonnatha paatasaalalu remdu, prabhutva maadhyamika paatasaalalu remdu, praivetu maadhyamika paatasaala okati unnayi. ooka praivetu juunior kalaasaala Pali.sameepa prabhutva aarts / science degrey kalaasaala, inginiiring kalaasaala sattupallilo unnayi. sameepa vydya kalaasaala khammamloonu, polytechnic‌ kottagudemlonu, maenejimentu kalaasaala sattupallilonu unnayi. sameepa vrutthi vidyaa sikshnha paatasaala vemsuuruloonu, aniyata vidyaa kendram, divyangula pratyeka paatasaala‌lu khammamloonuu unnayi. vydya saukaryam prabhutva vydya saukaryam vemsurulo unna okapraathamika aaroogya kendramlo muguru daaktarlu , 10 mandhi paaraamedikal sibbandi unnare. remdu praadhimika aaroogya vupa kendrallo daaktarlu laeru. iddharu paaraamedikal sibbandi unnare. ooka pashu vaidyasaalalo ooka doctoru, okaru paaraamedikal sibbandi unnare.samchaara vydya shaala gramam nundi 5 ki.mee. lopu dooramlo Pali. sameepa saamaajika aaroogya kendram, maathaa sisu samrakshana kendram, ti. b vaidyasaala gramam nundi 10 ki.mee. kante ekuva dooramlo unnayi. alopathy asupatri, pratyaamnaaya aushadha asupatri, dispensory, kutumba sankshaema kendram gramam nundi 10 ki.mee. kante ekuva dooramlo unnayi. praivetu vydya saukaryam gramamlo13 praivetu vydya soukaryaalunnaayi. embibies kakunda itara degrees chadivin daaktarlu iddharu, degrey laeni daaktarlu 11 mandhi unnare. aaru mandula dukaanaalu unnayi. thaagu neee gramamlo kulaayila dwara rakshith manchineeti sarafara jargutondhi. bavula neee kudaa andubatulo Pali. gramamlo edaadi podugunaa chetipampula dwara neee andutundi. borubavula dwara kudaa edaadi podugunaa neee andutundi. paarisudhyam muruguneeru bahiranga kaaluvala dwara pravahistundi. muruguneetini neerugaa jalavanarulloki vadulutunnaaru. gramamlo sampuurnha paarishudhya pathakam amalavutondi. saamaajika marugudoddi saukaryam ledhu. intintikii tirigi vyarthaalanu sekarinche vyvasta Pali. saamaajika biogyas utpaadaka vyvasta ledhu. samaachara, ravaanhaa soukaryalu vemsurulo postaphysu saukaryam Pali. sab postaphysu saukaryam gramaniki 5 nundi 10 ki.mee. dooramlo Pali. poest und telegraf aphisu gramam nundi 10 ki.mee.ki paibadina dooramlo Pali. laand Jalor telephony, piblic fone aphisu, mobile fone modalaina soukaryalu unnayi. internet kefe / common seva kendram, praivetu korier gramam nundi 10 ki.mee.ki paibadina dooramlo unnayi. gramaniki sameepa praantaala nundi prabhutva ravaanhaa samshtha buses thiruguthunnai. sameepa gramala nundi auto saukaryam kudaa Pali. vyavasaayam koraku vaadenduku gramamlo tracterlunnayi. praivetu baasu saukaryam gramaniki 5 nundi 10 ki.mee. dooramlo Pali. railway steshion gramam nundi 10 ki.mee.ki paibadina dooramlo Pali. jalla rahadari gramam gunda potondi. rashtra rahadari gramam nundi 5 ki.mee. lopu dooramlo Pali. jaateeya rahadari, pradhaana jalla rahadari gramam nundi 10 ki.mee.ki paibadina dooramlo unnayi. gramamlo tharu roadlu, kankara roadlu, mattirodloo unnayi. marketingu, byaankingu gramamlo atm, vaanijya banku, sahakara banku, vyavasaya parapati sangham unnayi. gramamlo swayam sahaayaka brundam, pouura sarapharaala kendram, vaaram vaaram Bazar, vyavasaya marcheting sociiety unnayi. aaroogyam, poeshanha, vinoda soukaryalu gramamlo sameekruta baalala abhivruddhi pathakam, angan vaadii kendram, itara poshakaahaara kendralu, aashaa karyakartha unnayi. gramamlo aatala maidanam, cinma halu, granthaalayam, piblic reading ruum unnayi. gramamlo vaarthapathrika pampinhii jarudutundhi. assembli poling steshion, janana maranala namoodhu kaaryaalayam unnayi. vidyuttu gramamlo gruhaavasaraala nimitham vidyut sarafara vyvasta Pali. rojuku 7 gantala paatu vyavasaayaaniki, 14 gantala paatu vaanijya avsarala choose kudaa vidyut sarafara chesthunnaaru. bhuumii viniyogam vemsurulo bhu viniyogam kindhi vidhamgaa Pali: vyavasaayetara viniyogamlo unna bhuumii: 531 hectares vyavasaayam cheyadagga banjaru bhuumii: 462 hectares nikaramgaa vittina bhuumii: 2739 hectares neeti saukaryam laeni bhuumii: 1433 hectares vividha vanarula nundi saguniru labhistunna bhuumii: 1306 hectares neetipaarudala soukaryalu vemsurulo vyavasaayaaniki neeti sarafara kindhi vanarula dwara jargutondhi. baavulu/boru baavulu: 374 hectares cheruvulu: 932 hectares utpatthi vemsurulo yea kindhi vastuvulu utpatthi avtunnayi. pradhaana pantalu vari, mokkajonna, jonna paarishraamika utpattulu simemtu itukalu chetivruttulavaari utpattulu kundalu moolaalu velupali linkulu

illendu, (paata peruu illandupadu), Telangana raashtram, bhadradari kottagudem jalla, illendu mandalaaniki chendina nagara panchaayiti. idi 1986, septembaru 23na 3va grade purapaalaka sanghamgaa erpadindi. gramajanabha 2011 bhartiya janaganhana ganamkala prakaaram janaba - motham 95,394 - purushulu 46,626 - strilu 48,768. pinn kood: 507123. Khammam jalla nundi bhadradari jillaku maarpu. 2014 loo thelangaanaa pratyeka rashtramgaa yerpadina taruvaata modhatisaarigaa 2016 loo prabhuthvam nuuthana jillaalu, revenyuu divisionlu, mandalala yerpaatulo bhaagamgaa logada Khammam jalla, kottagudem revinue divisionu paridhiloo unna illandu (yallendu/Yellandu) mandalaanni (1+6) graamaaluto kotthaga yerpadina bhadradari kottagudem jalla paridhiloo chaerchutuu dhi.11.10.2016 nundi amaluloeki testuu prabhuthvam uttarvu jarichesindi. pattanha visheshaalu illandu singareni boggu ganulaku puttinillu. yea praanthamlo boggu nilvalanu british varu kanugonnaru. kanuka ekkadi ganulaku "king", "kueen" vento perlunnaayi. ikda mining karyakalapalaku 100 paigaa samvatsaraala charithra Pali. yea pattanhaanni "bogguuta" ani kudaa antaruu.bhougolikamgaa illandu sthaanam . sagatu etthu 205 meters (672 adugulu). ikadiki daggaralo unna railvestation singareni. vidyaa samshthalu singareni collieries unnanatha paatasaala - 1977loo prarambhamaindi. singareni collieries praathamikonnatha paatasaala - 1979/80loo prarambhamaindi. kaakateeya consepth paatasaala - 2010 loo prarambhamaindi mantisori unnanatha paatasaala saahithi,, chaitan juunior kaalejeelu prabhutva juunior callagy prabhutva degrey kalaasaala 1991 loo prarambhamaindi. saasanasabha niyojakavargam moolaalu velupali linkulu

wyra, Telangana rashtramloni Khammam jillaku chendina pattanham.idi wyra mandalaaniki pradhaana kendram. idi Khammam, kottagudem, bhadraachalam, madhira, jaggaiahpet pattanaala rahadaarulaku kudaliga Pali. kanuka chuttuprakkala praantaalaku kendramga Pali. idi wyra purapaalakasanghamgaa erpadindi. alayalu vairaalo ayyapa mandiram prassiddhi chendhindhi. yea alayam Khammam nundi wyra ochhu daarilo Pali. prashaantamaina vaataavaranam, pachchani prakruthi andaalamadhya nelakoni, bhakthulaku maanasikaanandaannistoo. vividha devatala aalayaalato nelakoni unna yea aalaya dharshanam sarva sreyodaayakamgaa bhakthulu bhaawistaaru. enka, paata buses standu oddha raamaalayam Pali. madhu vidyalayam vaddashirdi saayibaabaa gidi Pali. shivalayam Pali. wyra jalasayam wyra cheruvu anunadhi wyra nadi nundi vacchindi. yea cheruvulo 19 bavuluvunnavi. dheenini nijam navaabu 1929loo tavvinchaadu. deeni dwara chuttuprakkala 8 mandalaalaku traagu neee, sumaaru ooka laksha ekaraalaku saguniru andutondi. idi ooka paryaataka kendramga kudaa abhivruddhi chendutondi. ikda botu shikaru, gest house, pillalu aadukune sdhalam modhalagunavi unnayi. cheepala pampakam kudaa jaruguthunnadhi. vidyaa samshthalu kao.v.sea.emm. degrey kaalaeji madhu vidyalayam, juunior kaalaeji,degrey callagy tagor vidyalayam prabhutva unnanatha paatasaala kranthi juunior kaalaeji nyuu little flover high schul & juunior kalaasaala maeri immaculate schul vaani vidyalayam byankulu nagarjuna grameena Banki. andhra Banki. state Banki af india ( petrol bamk sameepamlo ). hetch di f sea Banki (kotaiah hospitaal edhurugaa) vyavasaayam vyavasaayam prajala pradhaana vrutthi, wyra cheruvu will ikda jaalarlu kudaa unnare. jalarla nivasinche veedhini fisherish kaalani ani antaruu. idi cheruvu pakkane Pali. ravaanhaa soukaryalu ikda nunchi jillaaloni anni pradhaana pattanaalaku, hyderabaduku roddu ravaanhaa saukaryam Pali. jalla kendram ayina khammanku serviceu aatolu untai, madhira nunchi ardinari, ex‌presse buses unnayi.hyderabadku madhira nunchi buses unnayi. saasanasabha niyojakavargam moolaalu bayati linkulu vikimapialo wyra cheru velupali lankelu Telangana nagaraalu, pattanhaalu revenyuu gramalu kanni Mandla kendralu

vajedu (z), Telangana raashtram, muligu jalla, vajedu mandalamlooni gramam.. idi sameepa pattanhamaina manuguru nundi 105 ki. mee. dooramloonuu Pali. 2016 aktobaru 11 na chosen Telangana jillala punarvyavastheekaranaku mundhu yea gramam paata Khammam jillaaloo, idhey mandalamlo undedi. punarvyavastheekaranalo dinni kotthaga erpaatu chosen jayasankar jalla loki chercharu. aa taruvaata 2019 loo, kotthaga muligu jillaanu erpaatu cheesinapudu yea gramam, mandalamtho paatu kothha jillaaloo bhaagamaindi. ganankaalu 2011 bhartiya janaganhana ganamkala prakaaram yea gramam 244 illatho, 941 janaabhaatho 96 hectarlalo vistarimchi Pali. gramamlo magavari sanka 506, aadavari sanka 435. scheduled kulala sanka 209 Dum scheduled thegala sanka 374. gramam yokka janaganhana lokeshan kood 578719. pinn kood: 507136. vidyaa soukaryalu gramamlo ooka praivetu balabadi Pali. prabhutva praadhimika paatasaala okati, praivetu praadhimika paatasaala okati, prabhutva praathamikonnatha paatasaala okati, prabhutva maadhyamika paatasaala okati unnayi. ooka prabhutva juunior kalasalaka praivetu aarts / science degrey kalaasaala unnayi. ooka prabhutva vrutthi vidyaa sikshnha paatasaalaundi.sameepa inginiiring kalaasaala bhadraachalamlo Pali. sameepa vydya kalaasaala khammamloonu, maenejimentu kalaasaala, polytechnic‌lu bhadraachalamloonuu unnayi. sameepa aniyata vidyaa kendram paalvanchaloonu, divyangula pratyeka paatasaala khammamloonuu unnayi. vydya saukaryam prabhutva vydya saukaryam vajedu (z) loo unna okapraathamika aaroogya kendramlo muguru daaktarlu, iddharu paaraamedikal sibbandi unnare. ooka praadhimika aaroogya vupa kendramlo daaktarlu laeru. okaru paaraamedikal sibbandi unnare.samchaara vydya shaala gramam nundi 5 ki.mee. lopu dooramlo Pali. sameepa saamaajika aaroogya kendram, maathaa sisu samrakshana kendram, ti. b vaidyasaala gramam nundi 10 ki.mee. kante ekuva dooramlo unnayi. alopathy asupatri, pratyaamnaaya aushadha asupatri, dispensory, pashu vaidyasaala, kutumba sankshaema kendram gramam nundi 10 ki.mee. kante ekuva dooramlo unnayi. praivetu vydya saukaryam thaagu neee gramamlo kulaayila dwara rakshith manchineeti sarafara jargutondhi. gramamlo edaadi podugunaa chetipampula dwara neee andutundi. paarisudhyam muruguneeru bahiranga kaaluvala dwara pravahistundi. muruguneeru bahiranganga, kaccha kaaluvala dwara kudaa pravahistundi. muruguneetini neerugaa jalavanarulloki vadulutunnaaru. gramamlo sampuurnha paarishudhya pathakam amalavutondi. saamaajika marugudoddi saukaryam Pali. intintikii tirigi vyarthaalanu sekarinche vyvasta ledhu. saamaajika biogyas utpaadaka vyvasta ledhu. chettanu veedhula pakkane paarabostaaru. samaachara, ravaanhaa soukaryalu vajedu (z) loo postaphysu saukaryam, sab postaphysu saukaryam unnayi. poest und telegraf aphisu gramam nundi 10 ki.mee.ki paibadina dooramlo Pali. laand Jalor telephony, piblic fone aphisu, mobile fone, internet kefe / common seva kendram modalaina soukaryalu unnayi. praivetu korier gramam nundi 10 ki.mee.ki paibadina dooramlo Pali. gramaniki sameepa praantaala nundi prabhutva ravaanhaa samshtha buses thiruguthunnai. sameepa gramala nundi auto saukaryam kudaa Pali. praivetu baasu saukaryam gramaniki 5 ki.mee. lopu dooramlo Pali. railway steshion, tractoru saukaryam modalainavi gramam nundi 10 ki.mee.ki paibadina dooramlo unnayi.pradhaana jalla rahadari, jalla rahadari gramam gunda potunnayi. rashtra rahadari gramam nundi 5 ki.mee. lopu dooramlo Pali. jaateeya rahadari gramam nundi 5 nundi 10 ki.mee. dooramlo Pali. gramamlo tharu roadlu, kankara roadlu unnayi. marketingu, byaankingu gramamlo sahakara banku, vyavasaya parapati sangham unnayi. gramamlo swayam sahaayaka brundam, pouura sarapharaala kendram, vyavasaya marcheting sociiety unnayi. atm, vaanijya banku gramam nundi 5 nundi 10 ki.mee. dooramlo unnayi. vaaram vaaram Bazar gramam nundi 5 nundi 10 ki.mee. dooramlo Pali. aaroogyam, poeshanha, vinoda soukaryalu gramamlo sameekruta baalala abhivruddhi pathakam, angan vaadii kendram, itara poshakaahaara kendralu, aashaa karyakartha unnayi. gramamlo aatala maidanam, cinma halu unnayi. gramamlo vaarthapathrika pampinhii jarudutundhi. assembli poling kendram, janana maranala namoodhu kaaryaalayam unnayi. granthaalayam, piblic reading ruum gramam nundi 10 ki.mee.ki paibadina dooramlo unnayi. vidyuttu gramamlo gruhaavasaraala nimitham vidyut sarafara vyvasta Pali. rojuku 7 gantala paatu vyavasaayaaniki, 14 gantala paatu vaanijya avsarala choose kudaa vidyut sarafara chesthunnaaru. bhuumii viniyogam vajedu (z) loo bhu viniyogam kindhi vidhamgaa Pali: vyavasaayetara viniyogamlo unna bhuumii: 39 hectares vyavasaayam cheyadagga banjaru bhuumii: 17 hectares nikaramgaa vittina bhuumii: 39 hectares neeti saukaryam laeni bhuumii: 39 hectares utpatthi vajedu (z) loo yea kindhi vastuvulu utpatthi avtunnayi. pradhaana pantalu vari, mirapa, pogaaku moolaalu velupali lankelu

padyaalanu vrayadaaniki upayoegimchae vidhanaanni chhandassu antaruu. chhandassunu moottamoodhata samskruthamuloo rachinchina vedaalalo upayoginchaaru. vedamula yokka angamulanabadu aaru vedangamulalo chhandassu okati. vedatrayaanni chhandassu ani kudaa antaruu. rugvedamu, saamavedamu sampuurnamugaa padhya (shloka) rupamulo nunavi. yajurvedamulo gadyamu kudaa Pali. saamavedamantayuu chhanchassenani panditula abhiprayamu. brahmavishnushivulala prathi mantraanikee rushi, chhandassu, devatha trimuurtulani bhaawistaaru. kavya nirmananiki vaadabadunadi chhandassu. vedha chhandassu vedaalalo mukhyamgaa anushtup (8 aksharamulu), bruhati (9), punkthi (10), trishtup (11), jagati (12) anabadu chandamulanu upayoginchaaru. mikkili prakhtaati gadinchina chhandassu tripada gaayathrii chhandassu. adi tatsaviturvareniyam bhargodevasya dheemahi dhio yonah prachodayat. kondaru modati paadamulo varenyam antaruu. appudu gaayatri chhandassuku 23 aksharaale. idi gayatrilo ooka pratyekata. chhandassu vedaangamainappatiki, vedha chhandassunu vivarimchae grandhalevi prasthuthamu labhyamu kaavatledu. chhando shaasthramupai prasthutham labhyamavuthunna athantha puraathanamaina granthamu prachina bhartia ganita shaasthrajnudaina pingaludu rachinchina chhandas saastra. idi vedha samskrutamu, puraanha samskrutamula sandhikaalamunaku chendinadi. hinduism pouraanikamloo eswarudu paarvatiki chhandassunu bodhistundagaa dhaanini viny pingalaachaaryudu chhandassu saastramunu vraasinaadani antaruu. pingaludu ippati Karnataka deesha vaasudani prateeti. aa taruvaata madhyayugapu tolinaallalooni chhandas saastrapai aadhaaritamaina agni puraanhamu, bhartia natya shaastramlooni 15va adhyayamu, bruhat‌samhita yokka 104 adhyaayamulu chhandassupai labhyamavuthunna vanarulu. 14va sataabdamuloo kedarabhattu raasina vrittaratnaakara chhandassupai prassiddhi chendina granthamainappatikee vedha chhandassunu charchinchadu. telegu chhandassu paadaadi niyamamulu galigina padhya lakshanamulanu telupunadi chhandassu anabadunu. telegu chhandassu, samskrutha chhandassu pai aadhaarapadi abhivruddhi chendinadi. samskrutha chhandassuloni vruttaalato baatu jaathulu, upajaatulu teluguloni pratyekatalu. adhunika paathakulu, lekhakulu, nava kavulu, viplava kavulu chhandassu puraatanamainadani, pragathi nirodhakamani bhavinchina konni chalana chitra paatalalo, shree shree geyaalalo matra chhandassunu chudavachu. guruvulu, laghuvulu chhandassu dvisankhyaamaanampai aadhaarapadi Pali. chhandassulo rende aksharaalu. guruvu, laghuvu. guruvuni U thoti, laghuvuni l thoti suchistaru guruvu, laghuvu, vibhajinchadamu yea guru, laghu nirnayam ooka aksharanni palikae samayampai aadhaarapadi umtumdi. udaharanaku "ammal, amma, avala, anda" indhulo modati padamu "ammal": a ma l muudu aksharaalu okkokkati ooka liptha kaalamu Bara teesukuntunnaayi. rendava padamu "amma" indhulo modati aksharamu am remdu liptala kaalamu, aa tharuvaathi ma ooka liptha aksharamu kaalamu teesukuntunnadi. alaage mudava padamu "avala" aa = remdu liptalu, va, lalu ooka liptha kaalamulu teesukuntunnaayi. ila ooka liptha kaalamu teesukonu vatini laghuvu ani, remdu liptala kaalamu teesukonu vatini guruvu ani antaruu. konni niyamaalu deerghaalunna aksharalanni guruvulu. udaharanaku aata = U I "ai" "ow" achulatho koodukunna aksharaalu guruvulu. (udaa: aunulo "ow" guruvu, "sainikudu"loo "sye" guruvu) ooka sunnaa, visargalu unna aksharaalu annii guruvule (udaa: sandadilo sam guruvu, antha:puramulo ta: anunadhi guruvu ) samyuktaksharam (ledha dwithwaaksharam) mundunna aksharam guruvavutundi. (udaa: ammalo a guruvu, bhartalo bha guruvu). idi saadharanamga oche padamlooni aksharaalake vartistundi. ooka vaakyamlo remdu padaalunnappudu, rendava padm modati aksharam samyuktamainaa modati padm chivari aksharam guruvu avvadu. (udaa: adi ooka sthambhamu annana vaakyamlo "ka" guruvu kadhu) ayithe remdu padaaluu oche samasamlo vunte yea niyamam vartistundi. (udaa: adi ooka ratnastambhamu annappudu "tna" guruvu avuthundi) u achutho unna aksharaalu, vaati mundari aksharaalu (kru, modalagunnavi ) laghuvulu Bara. ra vattu unnappatiki dani mundhu aksharamulu konni sandharbhamulalo laghuvule! adruchulooni a laghuvu, sakramalo sa guruvu. abhyasamu dwara vitini telusukonavacchu. pollutho koodina aksharaalu guruvulu. (udaa: "poosen galuvalu"loo "sen" guruvu) ganaalu-rakaalu . aksharaala gumpunu ganamu ani antaruu. ivi nalaugu rakaalu ekakshara ganaalu oche aksharam ganamgaa yerpadutundi. adi guruvu ledha laghuvu kaavachhu. U, U, U udaa: shree, shai, lam dwayakshara ganaalu remdu aksharaalu kalisi ganamgaa yerpadunu. ivi nalaugu rakaalu .u. lalamu u. lagamu ( va ganam ) u. galamu ( ha ganam ) u.gagamu. la II udaa: rama, krama, sama, dhana, annii kudaa la ganamulu laga ledha va IU udaa: ramaa gala ledha ha UI udaa: annana, amma, krishna ga UU udaa: ramram, santan tryakshara ganaalu ivi moodaksharaala kalayikalatho erpadevi (binery u, u, teeskunna aeam, aeam, aeam, aeam, aeam, aeam, aeam, aeam) kindhi vakyanni mananam cheesukuntuu vitini suluvugaa gurthunchukovachhu. ya maa taama raw ja bhaama na sa l gam yaganam kavalante pai vaakyamlo yatho modhalupetti varusaga moodaksharaala guru laghuvulanu gurtiste yaganam avuthundi. yatho modhalupetti moodaksharaalu: ya maa taama - laghuvu,, guruvu, guruvu IUU alaage raatho modhalupetti moodaksharaalu (raw ja bhaama - UIU) raganam avuthundi. yea vidhamgaa anni ganaalanu gurthunchukovachhu anni ganaalu: aadata guruvu bha ganamu UII Madhya guruvu ja ganamu IUI antya guruvu sa ganamu IIU sarva laghuvulu na ganamu III aadata laghuvu ya ganamu IUU Madhya laghuvu ra ganamu UIU antya laghuvu ta ganamu UUI sarva guruvulu ma ganamu UUU ivi moodaksharamula ganamulu upaganaalu vupa ganamulu anagaa paivati sammeelhanamloo erpadevi. ivi muudu rkmulu suryah ganamulu. ivi remdu. na = na = III ha = gala = UI endhra ganamulu. ivi aaru. naga = IIIU sala = IIUI nala = IIII bha = UII ra = UIU ta = UUI chandra ganamulu. ivi padnaalugu. bhala = UIII bhagaru = UIIU tala = UUII taga = UUIU malagha = UUUI nalala = IIIII nagaga = IIIUU nava = IIIIU saha = IIUUI sava = IIUIU sagaga = IIUUU naha = IIIUI raguru = UIUU nala = IIII padhya lakshanhaalu vruttaalu ganaalato sobhillutuu, yatani prasa lakshanaalanu kaligi unnatuvantivi vruttaalu. imdu chaaala rakaalu unnayi. champakamaala utpalamaala saarduula vikreeditamu mattebha vikreeditamu taralam taralamu tarali maalini mattakokila indravajramu upendravajramu kavirajavirajitamu thotakamu panchachamaramu bhujangaprayaatamu mangalamahashree manini mahasragdhara layagrahi layavibhati vanamayuramu sragdhara jaathulu jaathulu maatraaganamulato, upaganamulato sobhillunu. jatulaku kudaa yatani, prasa niyamamulu unnayi. kandam dwipada taruvoja akkaralu (mahakkara, madhyakkara, madhurakkara, antarakkara alpakkara) utsaahamu vupa jaathulu thetageeti aataveladi seesamu (padyam) palu vidhamulaina chandamulu yadhaa-aaryaa chandamu- prathma truteeya paadamulandu dvadasha maatralunu dviteeyapaadamandu 18 maatralu chaturdasapaadamandu 15 maatralanu kaligi yundu chandamunu yaddha aaryaa chandamu antaruu. imdu puurvaardha sadrusamai uttaraardhamunundi unnachoo adi geethi uttaraardha sadrusamai poorvaardhamundinacho adi upageeti anabadunu. aaryaadi chhandhamulo 4 maatralu gala 5 ganamulundunu. sarvaguru, antyaguru,madhyaguru, aadiguru, chaturlaghuvulu yea bhedamulaku varusaga karnan, karatala, payodhara, vasucharana,vishtamulani namamulu. pariganitaakshara siddhamagu chandamulanu varnika landuru. sikharini anu chhandhamulo pratipaadamunandu samaanamulaina hraswadiirghamulaina 17 yaksharamulu undunu. pushpitagra chandhamu- deeni prathma truteeya charanamulu samaana lakshanamulatho 12 aksharamulu- remdu naganamulu 1 raganamu 1 yaganamutho undunu. dviteeya chathurdha charanamulalo oche lakshanamutho koodina 13 aksharamulu- 1naganamu 2 jaganamulu 1 raganamu 1 guruvu undunu. chandavrushti chandhamu- 20 aksharamulu gala dandamunaku chandavrushti prapaatamani peruu. imdu remdu naganamulu 7 raganamulu unnayi.padaantamuna viraamamu. perukta chandhamu - pratipaadamunandunu okkokka aksharamu undunu.deeniki remdu bhedamulu kalavu modhatidhi guruvu agunadi- deeniki shree ani peruu- udaa: vishnum vamdee, remdavadi laghuvu aksharamutho agunadi- udaa: harry hara. ratyukta chandhamu - praticharanamunandunu 2 aksharamulu galavu. prasaaramuche deeniki 4 bhedamulu. pradham bheedamu sthree; remdu guruvulugala naalgupaadamula chandhamu sthree. Madhya chandhamu- muudu aksharamulu gala chandhamu. deeniki 8 bhedamulu unnayi. muudu aksharamulu guruvugaa nunna modati bheedamu peruu vaari. prathista chandhamu- 4 aksharamulu gala chandhamu.prastaaramuna deeniki 16 bhedamulu unnayi.pradhamabhedamu peruu kanya. udaa: bhaswatka nya saika dhanya. yasyah koole krushno khelat|| supratishta chandhamu- prastaaramuna deeniki 32 bhedamulu unnayi. deeni 9 va bhedamuperu punkthi 1 bhaganamu 2 guruvulu. gaayatri chandhamu- deeniki prastaaramuna 64 bhedamulu unnayi. deeni modati bheedamu peruu vidyullekha- 2 maganamulu 13 va bheedamu peruu tanumadhya-taganamu, yaganamu 16 bheedamu peruu sasivadana -naganamu, yaganamu 19va bheedamu vasumati taganamu, saganamu. anushtupu chandhamu - prastaaramuna deeniki 256 bhedamulu unnayi. deenina vidyunmaala manavakakrida, chitra pada, hamsaruta, pramaanika, samaanika, shloka, bheda prabedhamulu unnayi. shloka chhandhamuna prathi caranamu nandunu 6va aksharamu guruvai 5va aksharamu laghuvu. pradham, truteeya charanamulandunu 7 aksharamu deershamugaanu dviteeya,chathurdha charanamulandunu hraswamugaanu undunu. bruhati chandhamu- prastaaramuna deeniki 512 bhedamulu unnayi. 251va bheedamu halamukhi- ra, na, saganamulu. 64 va bheedamu bhujmaga sisubhrutamu- 2naganamulu 1maganamu. punkthi chandhamu- prastaaramuna deeniki 1024 bhedamulu unnayi. dheenilo suddavirat, panava, rukmavati, mayuura saarini, matta, manorama, hamsi, upasitthaa, champakamala anek avaantara bhedamulu unnayi. tristupu chandhamu - prastaaramuna deeniki 2048 bhedamulu unnayi.deenike anekaavaantara bhedamulu kalavu - indravraja- 2 taganamulu 1 jaganamu 2 guruvulu, upendravraja-1 jaganamu 1 taganamu 1 jaganamu 2 guruvulu, upajaati- indravraja upendravraja kalaika, dodhaka- 3 bhaganamulu 2 guruvulu, saalini rathoddata- ma,ta ganamulu 2 guruvulu, swaagata -ra,na,bha ganamulu 2 guruvulu- modhalagu naamamulatoe prasiddhamainavi. jagati chandhamu -prastaaramuna deeniki 4096 bhedamulu unnayi. andhulo vamsasthamu- ja,ta,ja,ra ganamulu paadaantaramuna yatani, indravamsamu-ta,ta,ja,raganamulu paadaantamuna yatani, druta vilambita,thotaka, bhujamga prayutha, sragvini, modalainavi prasiddhamulu. athi jagati chandhamu - prastaaramuna deeniki 8192 bhedamulu unnayi. indhulo praharshini-ma,na,ja,raganamulu 1 guruvu 2-10 yaksharamulapai yatani- prasiddhamainadhi. sakwari chandhamu - prastaaramuna deeniki 16384 bhedamulu unnayi. indhulo okati vasantalatika- ta,bha ganamulu 2 jaganamulu 2 guruvulu. paadaantaramuna viraamamu. deeninay kondaru simhonnata, uddharini ani kudaa antaruu. atishakwari chandhamu- prastaaramuna deeniki 32768 bhedamulu unnayi. chandravarta- 4 na, 1 saganamu 7-8 aksharamulapai viraamamu, maalini-2 na, 1 ma, 2 bhaganamulu 7-8 aksharamulapai yatani, chandravartakam - 7-8 aksharamulapai viraamamu 6-9 aksharamulapai viraamamu. ashti chandhamu- prastaaramuna deeniki 65536 bhedamulu unnayi. indhulo vrushabhajaga vilasitamu- bha,ra 3 na, 1 guruvu 7-9 aksharamulapai yatani. atyashti chandhamu- prastaaramuna deeniki 131072 bhedamulu unnayi. imdu harini, prudhvi, vamsapatrapatitamu, mandakranta, sikharini vrutamulu unnayi. dhruti chandhamu- prastaaramuna deeniki 262144 bhedamulu unnayi.andu bheedamu kusumitaalataavellatima- ma,ta,na, 3 ya ganamulu 5-6-7 aksharamulapai yatani. vidhruti chandhamu-prastaaramuna deeniki 524288 bhedamulu unnayi.indali bhedame saarduula vikreeditamu- ma,sa,ja,sa,ta,ta,ga mulu.12-7 va aksharamulapai yatani. krithi chandhamu-prastaaramuna deeniki 1048576 bhedamulu unnayi.prathi caranamu nandunu 20, 20 aksharamulu unnayi. prakruthi chandhamu-prastaaramuna deeniki 2097152 bhedamulu unnayi. indhulo okati sragdhara-ma,ra,bha,na,ya,ya,ya,ganamulu edesi aksharamulapai yatani. aakriti chandhamu-prastaaramuna deeniki 4194304 bhedamulu unnayi. indhulo okati bhadrakamu- bha,ra,na,ra,na, gamulu 10-12 aksharamulapai yatani. vikruti chandhamu-prastaaramuna deeniki 8388608 bhedamulu unnayi. indhulo aswalalita- na,ja,bha,ja,bha l gamulu, mattakrida- ma,ma,ta,na,na,na,l gamulu.8-15 aksharamulapai viraamamu. sankruthi chandhamu-prastaaramuna deeniki 16777216 bhedamulu unnayi. indhulo okati tanvi -bha,ta,na,sa,bha,bha,na,ya ganamulu.5-7-12aksharamulapai viraamamu. atikruti chandhamu-prastaaramuna deeniki 33553432 bhedamulu unnayi. indhulo okati krounchapadamu- bha,ma,sa,bha,na,na,na,na gamulu.5-8-7 aksharamulapai viraamamu. udaayamu chandhamu-prastaaramuna deeniki 67108864 bhedamulu unnayi. indhulo okati bhujamga vijrumbhitamu - 2 ma, 1ta, 3 naganamulu, 1ra, 1 sa, 1l, 1 gu 8-11-7 aksharamulapai viraamamu. ivi chudandi telegu saahityamu alankaaramulu muulamulu 1957- bharati masa pathrika vyasamu-chhandassaastramu- shree tatavarti suuryanaaraayanamoorti. bayati linkulu rachabanda saahithi samudaayamulo jejjala krishna moehana raao vyasam (RTS lipitho) telegu chhandassuku puurtisthaayi saft‌ware‌ telegu chandassu- yootyuub loo paataalu telegu chhandassu - 101(RTS lipilo) chhandassu ahoo kuutami padyamu chhandassu telegu vyaakaranam yea vaaram vyasalu

agustuu 25, gregorian‌ calander‌ prakaramu samvatsaramulo 237va roeju (leepu samvatsaramulo 238va roeju ) . samvatsaraamtamunaku enka 128 roojulu migilinavi. sanghatanalu uruguay jaatiiyadinotsavam 1945: warangallu jalla byron‌pally pai, pooliisulu, milataree saayamtho, buvanagiri dipyooti kalektaru iqbal husseen naayakatvamlo 500 mandiki paigaa razakars daadi chesaru. Hyderabad samsthaanam milliatary 84 mandini nilabetti kalchi champindi. prakkanae unna kootikallu graamampai kudaa daadi chesaru. 1960: 17va veasavi olympique kridalu romlo prarambhamayyayi. 2003: bombaayi nagaramulo caaru bombulu paeli vidhvamsam srushtinchabadindi. 2007: hyderabadlo lumbinee park, kothi (gokul chat) bomb pelulla will 42 mandiki paigaa mrutichendaaru. jananaalu 1694: theodor wan neahof jarman sahasikudu. king af korsikaga prasiddudu. (ma.1756) 1724: gorge stubs, inglaanduku chendina chithrakaarudu. (ma.1806) 1865: rayachoty girirao, sangha sevakulu, vidyaavetta. (ma.1918) 1893: korvi krishnaswami mudiraj, haidarabadu maajii mayoru, rachayita, paatrikeyadu, vidyaavetta, bahumukha prajnaasheeli. (ma.1967) 1917: devulapally ramanujarao, rachayita. 1920: elchuri subramanya , kavi,rachayita,paathrikeeyudu . 1926: mainampati venkatasubrahmanyamu, kavi, rachayita, chithrakaarudu. (ma.2010) 1938: chitharanjan , lalita geetaala rachayita , gayakudu, sangeeta dharshakudu .(ma.2023) 1952: duleep mendis, srilanka cricket jattu maajii kridaakaarudu. 1952: vijaya kanth , tamila cinma nayakan, rajakeeya nayakan 1973: nityasree mahadeevan , Karnataka sangeeta vidvaamsuraalu , play byaak singar. 1955 : somaraju sadaram, Telangana rashtra samaachara hakku chattam pradhaana commisioner 1961: billee Rae sairat, America sangeeta gayakudu, giitha rachayita, natudu. 1962: taslima nasreen, bengali rachaitri. 1987: bleck lively, America t.vee., cinma nati. maranalu 1822: viliam herschelle, varuna (uranus‌) grahanni kanugonna prakyatha khagola shaastraveettha. (ja.1738) 1867: mikael ferade, aamgla rasayana shaastraveettha, bhautika shaastraveettha. (ja.1791) 1908: henrii beckwerell, bhautika shaastraveettha, nobel bahumati graheeta. 1953: suravaram prathaapareddi, pathrikaa sampadakudu, parisoodhakudu, kreyaaseela udyamakarudu. (ja.1896) 1960: chinta deekhsitulu, rachayita. (ja.1891) 1969: makhdoom mohiuddin, karmika nayakan, urduukavi. (ja.1908) 1999: suryadevara sanjeevdev, tatvavaetta, chithrakaarudu, rachayita, kavi. (ja.1924) 2012: neal aarm‌strong, chandrudipai kaalu pettina modati humanity. (ja.1930) 2015: patolla krishnareddy, andhrapadesh saasana sabhalo nalaugu paryayalu narayankhed niyojakavargaaniki praatinidhyam vahimchina congresses naeta. pandugalu , jaateeya dinaalu - bayati linkulu bbc: yea roejuna t.ene.emle: yea roeju charithraloo charithraloo yea roeju : agustuu 25 chaarithraka sanghatanalu 366 roojulu - puttina roojulu - scope cyst. yea roejuna charithraloo emi jargindi. yea roejuna emi zarigindante. charithraloo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu. yea roju goppatanam. canadalo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu chaarithraka dhinamulu. agustuu 24 - agustuu 26 - juulai 25 - september 25 -- anni tedeelu agustuu tedeelu

agustuu 26, gregorian‌ calander‌ prakaramu samvatsaramulo 238va roeju (leepu samvatsaramulo 239va roeju ). samvatsaraamtamunaku enka 127 roojulu migilinavi. sanghatanalu 1972: 20va veasavi olympique kridalu myoonich loo prarambhamayyayi. 1982: bharatadesamuloni mottamodati swaarvatrika vishwavidyaalayamu, daa.b.orr.ambekar saarvatrika vishwavidyaalayamu, haidarabadu loo praarambhinchabadindhi. 2008: telegu cinma natudu chrianjeevi, prajarajyam paartiini stapinchadu. jananaalu 1451: christopher columbus, America khandanni kanugonna vyakti. (ma.1506) 1743: antoine levotiar‌, phrenchi rasayana shaastraveettha. (ma.1794) 1873: lee di forest, tera meedhi bommaku taggatlugaa sabdaanni jatha chese 'phono fillm‌' prakriyanu kanugonna amarican aavishkarta. (ma.1961) 1906: albert broose sabin, poliyoo vyaadhiki tekaa mandunu kanugonna vaidyudu. (ma.1993) 1910: madar teressa, romman kethalik sanyaasini, maanavataavaadi, nobel shanthi bahumati graheeta. (ma.1997) 1920: elchuri subramanya, kavi, rachayita, paathrikeeyudu. (ma.1955) 1956: maneka ghandy, narendera modie prabhutvamloo mahilha, sisu sankshaema saakha kendra mantrini. 1963: vadapalli venkateswararao, doutyavetta, keertichakra pondina mottamodati sainiketara pourudu. (ma.2008) 1964: suresh, telegu sinii natudu. 1965: vasireddi veenhugoopaal, seniior paathrikeeyudu, rachayita. 1968 : soundharya rajesh, mahilhaa paarisraamikavetta 1977: maheshwari , telegu chalanachitra nati. 1977:madhu priya , Telangana ku chendina gaayani. 1989: priyadarshi pulikonda , telegu sinii natudu . maranalu pandugalu , jaateeya dinaalu mahilhaa samaanatva dinotsavamu- Muliki savitHri vadati bayati linkulu bbc: yea roejuna t.ene.emle: yea roeju charithraloo charithraloo yea roeju : agustuu 26 chaarithraka sanghatanalu 366 roojulu - puttina roojulu - scope cyst. yea roejuna charithraloo emi jargindi. yea roejuna emi zarigindante. charithraloo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu. yea roju goppatanam. canadalo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu chaarithraka dhinamulu. agustuu 25 - agustuu 27 - juulai 26 - september 26 -- anni tedeelu agustuu tedeelu

agustuu 27, gregorian‌ calander‌ prakaramu samvatsaramulo 239va roeju (leepu samvatsaramulo 240va roeju ) . samvatsaraamtamunaku enka 126 roojulu migilinavi. boddu paatyam sanghatanalu 1995 : etv telegu prasaaraalu (ti.v. chaanel) prarambhamayyayi. 1955: guiness boq af world records modati samchika prachurinchabadindhi. 2003: dadapu gta 60, 000 samvatsaraalalo, angaraka graham, bhoomiki athi daggaraka vacchindi. jananaalu 1898: ti.ene.rajaratnam pillay, naadaswara vidvaamsudu. (ma.1956) 1908: doonaald braad‌man, adbuthamaina saarvakaalika bats‌man‌gaaa peruu gaanchina austrelia cricqeter. (ma.2001) 1908: lyndon b johnson, raajakeeyavetta, rachayita. (ma.1973) 1909: daadi govindarajulu nayudu, telegu, english, hiindi natakalalo sthree purusha paatradhaari. (ma.1970) 1914: kao yess prakasaravu, pramukha chalanachitra dharshakudu (ma.1996) 1928: voleti venkateswarulu, sangeeta vidvaamsudu. (ma.1989) 1933: nanci phraiday, sthree laingika tatvam, swechhala pai pustakaalani vraasina rachaitri (ma.2017). 1955: valluuru shivaprasad, naatakakartha. 1957: nuthalapati venkatramana, supreemkortu nyaayamuurthi. 1963: sumalatha, telegu, tamila, qannada, malayaala, hiindi cinma nati. 1972: khali, bhartia mallayodha nipunudu, natudu. maranalu 1534: ismayil adhil‌shaw, beejapuru (1510 nundi 1534 varku) sultaanu. (ja.1498) 1976: mukeshs, bhartia hiindi sinimaaranga neepadhya gayakudu. (ja.1923) 2002: singaraju ramakrishnayya, upaadhyaayudu, e.p.ti.yaf pradhaana kaaryadarsi. (ja.1911) . 2006: hrishikesh mukherjee, bhartia chalanachitra nirmaataa, dharshakudu. (ja.1922) 2010: kambhampati swayamprakash, ayurveda vaidyudu, laingika vyaadhula nipunudu. (ja.1962) pandugalu , jaateeya dinaalu - bayati linkulu bbc: yea roejuna t.ene.emle: yea roeju charithraloo charithraloo yea roeju : agustuu 27 chaarithraka sanghatanalu 366 roojulu - puttina roojulu - scope cyst. yea roejuna charithraloo emi jargindi. yea roejuna emi zarigindante. charithraloo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu. yea roju goppatanam. canadalo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu chaarithraka dhinamulu. agustuu 26 - agustuu 28 - juulai 27 - september 27 -- anni tedeelu agustuu tedeelu

agustuu 28, gregorian‌ calander‌ prakaramu samvatsaramulo 240va roeju (leepu samvatsaramulo 241va roeju ). samvatsaraamtamunaku enka 125 roojulu migilinavi. sanghatanalu 1709: meedingu pamheba Manipur rajuga pattaabhishiktudayyaada. 2000: Hyderabad bashir baugh loo vidyut chaarjeela pempunaku nirasanagaa vamapaksha partylu chalo assemblyki pilupunistuu veyilaadi manditho nirasana cheyagaa aa aandolanalo pooliisulu kaalpulu jarupagaa ramkrishna, balaswamy, vishnuvardhan reddy lu maranhicharu, anek mandhi gayapaddaru. 2017: agustuu 28 na bhartiya supriim kortu 45va pradhaana nyaayamuurtigaa justices‌ dheepak‌ mishra baadhyatalu sweekarincharu. jananaalu 1749: gethe, geramny rachayita. (ma.1832) 1904: datla satyanarayna raju, swatanter samarayodudu, bhartiya parlament sabhyudu. 1928: vilayat khan, bhartia sithara vaadakudu. (ma. 2004) 1928: orr.baala sarasvathi , telegu chalanachitra nati , neepadhya gaayani . 1934: Una.p. koomala, telegu, tamilam, malayaala gaayani. rdi kalaakaarini. 1949: dabbing janaki, dakshinabhaarata chalana chitra nati. 1959: suman, telegu cinma natudu. 1967: phadtare ravi sekhar, kalaadarsini dairektaru ayina faa. joo sabastian, yess.j. gaari daggara assistent dirctor gaaa panichesaaru 1969 : ooka amarican saankethika adhikary, udyamakarta, rachayita sheryl shaand‌burg 1976: kusuma jagadesh, Telangana udyamakarudu, rajakeeya nayakan (ma. 2023) 1993 : british paap gaayani cherla laayid maranalu 1958: bhamidipaati kaameshwararaavu, rachayita, natudu, nataka kartha. (ja.1897) 1988: cheekati parasuraamanaayudu, rajakeeya nayakan. (ja.1910) 2006: di.v.narasaraju, rangastala, cinma natudu, rachayita, dharshakudu. (ja.1920) 2015: b.satyanarayna, telegu cinma nirmaataa. pandugalu , jaateeya dinaalu - bayati linkulu bbc: yea roejuna t.ene.emle: yea roeju charithraloo charithraloo yea roeju : agustuu 28 chaarithraka sanghatanalu 366 roojulu - puttina roojulu - scope cyst. yea roejuna charithraloo emi jargindi. yea roejuna emi zarigindante. charithraloo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu. yea roju goppatanam. canadalo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu chaarithraka dhinamulu. agustuu 27 - agustuu 29 - juulai 28 - september 28 -- anni tedeelu agustuu tedeelu

agustuu 29, gregorian‌ calander‌ prakaramu samvatsaramulo 241va roeju (leepu samvatsaramulo 242va roeju ) . samvatsaraamtamunaku enka 124 roojulu migilinavi. sanghatanalu 1842: naane‌king sandhi jarigi nallamandu yudhalu (opiyam wars) aagipoyaayi. naane‌king sandhi prakaaram haamg qang dheevini britton ki dattata icchaaru. 1885: goat‌leab daimler prapanchamlooni mottamodati motaaru cykil ki paetent teeskunnadu. 1898: gd iar tirela companieni stapincharu. 1910: jjapan koriyaa perunu chosen gaaa marchie, aa kothha valasanu paalinchataaniki ooka guvernor genaral nu niyaminchindi. 1915: yu.yess. neevee gaja eethagaallu pramaadamloo modhatisaarigaa muligipoyina epf-4 aney jalaantargaamini baytiki teesaaru. 1916: phillippines atanami chattaanni (swayangaa palinchukovatam) America aamodinchindi. 1930: sint kildaalo vivasistunna chivari 36 mandhi aa pradeeshaanni khaalii chessi, skaatlaandulooni itara pradaesaalaku taralipoyaaru. 1944: slovakialoni slovak dhalaalu 60, 000 mandhi naajeelaku vyatiraemgaa udyaminchatamto slovak loo jaatiiyataa bhawam uppongindi. aanaatinunchi, 29 aagastuni jaatiiyataa bhawam uppongina dinamgaa jarupukuntunnaru slovakia loo. 1949: soveit union tana motta modati anubaambunu (peruu : phast lightening (leka) joy 1) kazakhstan loni semipalatis‌sk aney choota pareekshinchindi. 1957: stram tharmand, amarican sannat loo 24 gantalaku paigaa sivil raits billu pai vyatirekamga maatladi recordu srushtinchaadu. aa billu passes ayyindi. 1958: uunited stateair fores akaademeeni, colorado loni kolarado springs aney choota praarambhinchaaru. 1965: amarican rodhasi nouka jamini-5 bhoomiki tirigi vacchindi 1966: beatils (gaayakula brundam] thama chivari kacherini americaloni, san‌‍francisco loni kendil‌sticky park daggara chesaru. 1982: kruthrimamgaa tayaaruchaesina rasayana moollakam meetnerium (aatomic nembaru 109) ni moodhatisaarigaa geramny loni, darm‌staud daggara gesel‌schaft far scherionenforsk 1984: aandhra Pradesh governorga shekar dayal sarma niyamitulayyaadu. 1986: britton loni kavalalu thama 100va puttina roeju jarupukunnaru. 70 kotlamandilo okkarike ituvante avaksam umtumdi. veedo chudataniki ikda nokku 1991: supriim soeviyot (rashyaa paarlamentu) communist parti karyakramalanu api vaysi, communist paarteeki carama gitam padindi. 2005: huurricane katrina americaloni gulf theeraanni thaaki, mississippi, louisiana l loni samudra thira pattanaalanu nasananchesi 10lakshala mandini niraasrayulanu chessi, 1, 000 mandhi maranaaniki kaaranamayyindi. jananaalu 1863: gidugu ramamoorthy, telegu bhashavetta. (ma.1940) 1902 : verrier elwyn, raajaneethi pandithudu, bhartia girajana jatula samarthakudu. 1905: dhyan chandh, bhartiya haka kridaakaarudu. (ma.1979) 1926: ramkrishna hegdae, Karnataka maajii mukyamanthri . 1928: raao balasaraswati divi, paatataram telegu chalanachitra nati, nepathyagaayani. 1943: vijaya kumar , tamila malayaala, hiindi,telegu chitraala natudu , rajakeeya nayakan . 1958: maikal jaaksan, America sangeeta kalakarudu. (ma.2009) 1959: akkineeni nagarjuna, telegu chalanachitra natudu, akkineeni nageshwararao kumarudu. 1961: nagababu, telegu chitraseema natudu , nirmaataa 1974: damarakonda praveena kumar, rautu samithi Mandla koo-ardinator, maajii sarpanch, aminapuram gramam, kesamudram mandalam, mahbubabad jalla, Telangana. 1977: visul krishna, tamila, telegu , chitraala natudu , nirmaataa . 1991: hariprriya, sineenati, bhratha natya kalaakaarini ,modal . maranalu 1950: veturi prabhaakarashaastri, rachayita. (ja.1888) 1976: khaji nazrul islam, bengali kavi, sangeetakaarudu, viplavakaarudu, udyamakarudu, padhma bhushana puraskara graheeta. (ja.1899) 2018: nandmuri harikrishnan, cinma natudu, ene. ti.ramarao kumarudu, caaru pramaadamloo gaayapadi maranam. (ja.1956) 2022: abijeet seen aardhikavetta. pranalika sangham maajii sabhyudu. (ja.1950) pandugalu, jaateeya dinaalu telegu basha dinotsavamu - gidugu ramamoorthy jayantine telegu basha dinotsavamugaa jaruputunnaaru. jaateeya kridaa dinotsavam - dhyan chandh jayantine jaateeya kridaa dinotsavamugaa jaruputunnaaru. antarjaateeya anupareekshala vyatireka dinotsavam bayati linkulu bbc: yea roejuna t.ene.emle: yea roeju charithraloo charithraloo yea roeju : agustuu 29 chaarithraka sanghatanalu 366 roojulu - puttina roojulu - scope cyst. yea roejuna charithraloo emi jargindi. yea roejuna emi zarigindante. charithraloo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu. yea roju goppatanam. canadalo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu chaarithraka dhinamulu. agustuu 28 - agustuu 30 - juulai 29 - september 29 -- anni tedeelu agustuu tedeelu

agustuu 31, gregorian‌ calander‌ prakaramu samvatsaramulo 243va roeju (leepu samvatsaramulo 244va roeju ) . samvatsaraamtamunaku enka 122 roojulu migilinavi. sanghatanalu 1857: bhartiya swaatantryodyamamu: Delhi akramana juulai 1na praarambhamie augustu 31 na puurtayimdi. yea yuddamlo okavaarampaatu adugadugunaa veedhiporaatam jargindi. jananaalu 1864: adibhatla narayanadasu, harikadhaa pithaamahudu. (ma.1945). 1923: chennamaneni raajeshwararaavu, vidhyaardhi dhasaloone jatiyodyamamlonu, nirankusa nijam vyatireka udyamamloonuu paalgonnaru (ma.2016). 1925: aarudhra, kavi, geyarachayita, saahiteevetta, kadhakudu, navalaarachayita, vimarshakudu, parisoodhakudu, anuvaadhakudu (ma.1998). 1932: ravipalli narayanarao, 80 kadhalu raashaaru. 'pelladi praeminchu' aney kathaa samputi telegu vaarikandinchaaru. 1934: rajashree, cinma paatala rachayita. (ma.1994) 1936: thuragaa jaanakeeraani, raediyoeloe paatalu, natikalu, roopakaalu vento anno karyakramalanu ruupomdimchi, chinnaarulatoo pradarsimpachaesaaru. (ma.2014). 1944 : vest‌indiis ku chendina maajii cricket kridaakaarudu clive laayid jananam 1949 : America natudu richaard gere jananam. 1960: Hassan nasralla, lebonan deeshaaniki chendina shia islaamik nayakan. 1962: mallipudi mangapati pallamraju, 14va lok‌sabha sabhyudu. 1969: javagal sreenath, bhartiya cricket jattu maajii kridaakaarudu. 1975 : udathaa ramkrishna, sadhaa meekosam pathrika sampaadakulu jananam. 1979: yuvan shekar raza, tamila, telegu chitraala sangeeta dharshakudu maranalu 1984: pentala nageshwararao, sangeeta dharshakudu (ja .1917) 1997: princesses daayanaa, britton yuvaraju prince charless maajii bhaarya (ja.1961). 2014: baapu, chithrakaarudu, sinii dharshakudu (ja.1933). pandugalu , jaateeya dinaalu - bayati linkulu bbc: yea roejuna t.ene.emle: yea roeju charithraloo charithraloo yea roeju : agustuu 31 chaarithraka sanghatanalu 366 roojulu - puttina roojulu - scope cyst. yea roejuna charithraloo emi jargindi. yea roejuna emi zarigindante. charithraloo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu. yea roju goppatanam. canadalo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu chaarithraka dhinamulu. agustuu 30 - september 1 - juulai 31 - september 30 -- anni tedeelu agustuu tedeelu

novemeber 13, gregorian‌ calander‌ prakaramu samvatsaramulo 317va roeju (leepu samvatsaramulo 318va roeju ). samvatsaraamtamunaku enka 48 roojulu migilinavi. sanghatanalu 1930: modati roundu tebulu samaaveeshaanni aidava georgi chakraverthy landanulo laanchanamgaa praarambhinchaadu. jananaalu 1899: huwang gjian han, chainaku chendina vidyaavetta, charitrakaarudu. (ma.1982) 1904: puripanda appalaswamy, bahubhaashaavaetta, jaateeyavaadi, rachayita, paathrikeeyudu. (ma.1982) 1914: henrii langlois, antarjaateeya fillm arcaives samakhya (internationale feedeeration af fillm arcaives (epf.ai.Una.epf) vyavasthaapakudu. (ma.1977) 1917: vasanth‌daadaa patil, Maharashtra maajii mukyamanthri. 1920: kao.z.ramanathan, bhartia ganita shaastraveettha. (ma.1992) 1925: tangutoori suuryakumaari, gaayani, natiimani. (ma.2005) 1926: Una.orr.krishna, naatakodyama kartha, padmabhushan puraskara graheeta. (ma.1992) 1935: p.sushila, bhartia sinii gaayani. 1957: i.z.sugavanam, tamilhanaadulooni di.em.kao.paarteeki chendina rajakeeyanaayakudu. maajii paarlamentu sabhyudu. 1967: juhi chawla, bhartiya sineenati. 1969: rajiva kanakala , telegu chalanachitra natudu, dharshakudu. 1991: abhinaya, modal , telegu, qannada, chitraala nati maranalu 1973: baru alivelamma, svatantryodyama nayakuralu. 1974: vittorio di sica, italian dharshakudu, natudu. (ja.1901) 1976: panditaaraadhyula nageshwararao, patrikaarachayita, editer‌, sampadakudu. 1993: gurazada krishna dhaasu venkateshs ,sangeeta dharshakudu, neepadhya gayakudu (ja.1927) 2002: kaloji narayanarao, telegu kavi, telangaanaavaadi. (ja.1914) 2010: di.v.ios.raju, telegu cinma nirmaataa, AndhraPradesh fillm chambar maajii adhyakshulu. (ja.1928) pandugalu , jaateeya dinaalu prapancha dhaya dinotsavam bayati linkulu bbc: yea roejuna t.ene.emle: yea roeju charithraloo charithraloo yea roeju : novemeber 13 chaarithraka sanghatanalu 366 roojulu - puttina roojulu - scope cyst. yea roejuna charithraloo emi jargindi. yea roejuna emi zarigindante. charithraloo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu. yea roju goppatanam. canadalo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu charitraloni roojulu novemeber 12 - novemeber 14 - oktober 13 - dissember 13 -- anni tedeelu novemeber tedeelu

novemeber 12, gregorian‌ calander‌ prakaramu samvatsaramulo 318va roeju (leepu samvatsaramulo 319va roeju ). samvatsaraamtamunaku enka 49 roojulu migilinavi. sanghatanalu 1766: salabat‌ jangunu atani sodharudu nijam ali khaanu kooladosi, rajahmundryni, sreekaakulaanni Hassan‌ ali khanuku lease kicchaadu. robertu klaivu mogalu chakraverthy shaw aalamtho sampradinchi, Uttar sarkaarulanu eest‌ india companyki dhaaraadattam chesinatlugaa augustu 1765loo farmana teppinchaadu. kanni dhaanini marchi 1766 varku rahasyamgaa unchaadu. britishu varu kondapalli durgaanni aakramincharu. avasaramaite seinika carya chepattadanikai generalu sillad‌nu machilipatnam pampinchaaru. nizamu kudaa sheeghramgaa yuddha sannahalu Akola. novemeber‌ 12, 1766 na kudhirina ooka oppandam valana iddam tappindi. Uttar sarkaarulaku prathiphamgaa, kompany, nizamu sahayartham sienyaanni pooshistundi turupu godawari jalla charithra 1969: rastrapathi ennikaloo swantha parti yokka adhikarika abhyarthiki vyatirekamga v.v.girini gelipinchina endira gandheeni parti nundi bahishkarinchagaa, kottaparty, congresses (ai) ni erpaatu chesindi. tharuvaathi kaalamlo idhey bhartiya jaateeya congresuga gurthimpu pondindi. 1996: Haryana loni bhivani oddha aakaasamloo remdu vimaanaalu dheekonna gera dhurghatanaloo 350 mandhi maranhicharu. jananaalu 1885: kopparapu sodhara kavulu, kopparapu vaenkata subbaraya kavi, telegu sahithya avadhaanamlo paerondhina janta sodhara kavulu. (ma.1932]) 1920: perugu shivareddy AndhraPradesh loni netravaidya nipunudu., AndhraPradesh guvernor salahaadaarugaa, deesha prathma pourudi (rastrapathi) ki gourava netra chikitsakulugaa niyamitulayyaaru, 1925: pasumarti krishnamoorthy, chalanachitra nrutyadarsakudu. (ma.2004) 1929: sea.v.subbanna, shataavadhaani (ma.2017) 1940: anjad khan , bhartia natudu, dharshakudu,(ma1992) 1985: sanamsetty , modal, tamila, telegu, malayaala nati 1992:priyaanka jawalkar , telegu sinii nati. maranalu 1946: madan mohun malaviah, bhartiya swaatantryayodhudu. (ja.1861) 1986: Bhubaneshwar prasad sinha, bharatadesa supreemkortu arava pradhaana nyaayamuurthi (ja. 1899) 1994: vilma rudalf, oche olympique kridallo muudu bagare patakaalu sadhinchina modati amarican mahilha. (ja.1940) 2012: chintalapati seethaa raamachandhra varaprasaada moorthiraaju, swaatantryasamarayodhula. 1800 ekaraalu danam chosen daatha 2018: ananthkumar, kendra manthri, kensaru kaaranamgaa chanipoyaru. (ja.1959). 2020: edida gopaalaraavu, aakaasavaani kalakarudu. pandugalu, jaateeya dinaalu jaateeya kutumba souhartha dinotsavam prapancha nyuumooniyaa avagaahana dinotsavam. bayati linkulu bbc: yea roejuna t.ene.emle: yea roeju charithraloo charithraloo yea roeju : novemeber 12 chaarithraka sanghatanalu 366 roojulu - puttina roojulu - scope cyst. yea roejuna charithraloo emi jargindi. yea roejuna emi zarigindante. charithraloo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu. yea roju goppatanam. canadalo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu charitraloni roojulu novemeber 11 - novemeber 13 - oktober 12 - dissember 12 -- anni tedeelu novemeber tedeelu

novemeber 11, gregorian‌ calander‌ prakaramu samvatsaramulo 315va roeju (leepu samvatsaramulo 316va roeju ). samvatsaraamtamunaku enka 50 roojulu migilinavi. sanghatanalu 1918: modati prapancha iddam mugisindhi: mitraraajyaalu germanytho yuddhaviramana odambadika cheesukunnayi. 1675 : guru govinda sidhu mataguruvayyaadu. jananaalu 1768: sikindar jaa, haidarabadu mudava nijam (1803 nundi 1829 varku). (ma.1829) 1821: dastoyev‌skee, rashyan rachayita. crime‌ und panish‌ment, bradars karamojov navalale raashaadu. (ma.1881) 1871: kocherlakota raamachandhra venkatakrushnarao, telegu rachayita. (ma.1919) 1888: moulaanaa abul kalam aazaad, swatantrya samarayodudu, bhartiya prabhutva tholi vidyaasaakhaamantri. (ma.1958) 1899: janamanchi vaenkata subrahmanyasarma, kavi, pandithudu, panchangakarta. (ma.1972) 1905: gunti subrahmanyasarma, kavi, pandithudu. 1917: kimmel ranadive, bharatadesaaniki chendina kana jiva shaastraveettha. (ma.2001) 1918: krishna kumar birlaa, paarisraamikavetta, birlaa groupula adhineta. (ma.2008) 1921: susarla dakshinaamoorthi, dakshinabhaarata chalanachitra sangeeta dharshakudu, nepathyagaayakudu. (ma.2012) 1924: tennaeti vidwan, rachayita, saamaajika udyamakarudu, swatantrya samarayodudu. (ma.2015) 1974: raghuu dikshit , bhartia gayakudu . maranalu 1966: bhaskarabhatla krishnarao, aakaasavaaniloo dadapu 15 ellu proograam egjicutive gaaa panichesaadu. eeyana 20 samvatsaraala kaalamlo motham 40 kadhalu rachinchadu. (ja.1918) 1970: madapati hanumamtharao, padmabhushan puraskara graheeta . (ja.1885) 1974: tikkavarapu venkatarama ramanaareddi, haasya natudu. (ja.1921) 1984: chamdra pullareddy, bhartiya communistu parti (marxistu - leninistu) pradhaana kaaryadarsi. sea.p.gaaa khyaatigaanchaadu. rachayita, siddhaantakarta, vakta. (ja.1917) 1994: kuvempu, qannada rachayita, kavi. (ja.1904) 2006: kappagantula mallikarjunarao, kathaa, navalaa, nataka rachayita. (ja.1936) 2020: orr.shantha sundari, telegu rachaitri, anuvaadakuraalu. pandugalu , jaateeya dinaalu veterance dee. jaateeya vidyaa dinotsavam. yudda viramanha dinum . bayati linkulu bbc: yea roejuna t.ene.emle: yea roeju charithraloo charithraloo yea roeju : novemeber 11 chaarithraka sanghatanalu 366 roojulu - puttina roojulu - scope cyst. yea roejuna charithraloo emi jargindi. yea roejuna emi zarigindante. charithraloo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu. yea roju goppatanam. canadalo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu charitraloni roojulu novemeber 10 - novemeber 12 - oktober 11 - dissember 11 -- anni tedeelu novemeber tedeelu

novemeber 10, gregorian‌ calander‌ prakaramu samvatsaramulo 314va roeju (leepu samvatsaramulo 315va roeju ). samvatsaraamtamunaku enka 51 roojulu migilinavi. sanghatanalu 1990: bhartiya pradhanamantrigaa chndrasekhar niyamitudainaadu. jananaalu 1483: martian luther, kraistava matha samskaranodyama nirmaataa, baibil grandhaanni tolisariga prajaabhaashalooniki anuvadhinchina vedanti. 1798: charles phillippe brown, (ma.1884) 1848: surendranath benarjee, bhartiya jaateeyoodyama nayakan. (ma.1925) 1904: vaidyula chandrasekharam, bahuruupadhaarana aney prakriyanu pravesapettina rangastala natudu. (ma.1996) 1911: etukuri venkatarama nanarasayya, kshetralakshmi padyakaavyamtho paergaanchina, maanavataavaadi. (ma.1949) 1920: dattopant thengadee, hinduutvavaadi, bhartia karmika sangha nayakan, bhartia mazdoor sangh vyavasthaapakudu. (ma.2004) 1942: raabart-epf-enjil, aardhikavetta . 1956: madabhushi shridhar, nalsar laaw university adhyapakudu, kendra samaachara saakha commisioner‌. maranalu 1949: etukuri venkatarama nanarasayya, adhyapakudu, rachayita. (ja.1911) 1979: tennaeti viswanaadham, swatantrya samara yodhudu, visaka ukku udyama naeta. 1992: Una.orr.krishna, naatakodyama kartha, padmabhushan puraskara graheeta. (ja.1926) 1993: ravisastri, nyaayavaadi, rachayita. (ja.1922) 2019: ti. ene. seshan 10va bhartiya ennikala pradhaana commissionar. (ja.1932) 2020: jeedigunta raamachandhra muurti, telegu rachayita, aakaasavaani prayokta. pandugalu , jaateeya dinaalu ravaanhaa dinum. bayati linkulu bbc: yea roejuna t.ene.emle: yea roeju charithraloo charithraloo yea roeju : novemeber 10 chaarithraka sanghatanalu 366 roojulu - puttina roojulu - scope cyst. yea roejuna charithraloo emi jargindi. yea roejuna emi zarigindante. charithraloo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu. yea roju goppatanam. canadalo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu charitraloni roojulu novemeber 9 - novemeber 11 - oktober 10 - dissember 10 -- anni tedeelu novemeber tedeelu

taambuulaalicheesaanu, tannuku chavandi ani kudaa anatam kadhu. gurazada appaaraavu kalam nundi bhashaloki pravahinchina goppa vaakyaallo idi okati. aayana tana rachanallo raasina anno padealu nanudulai, saametalai, nudikaaraalai bhaasha loki odigi poyay. atuvanti saametallo agrasreniki chendinadi kanyasulkam natakam loni yea vakyam. agnihotraavadhaanlu aney ooka patra, kanyasulkam meedhi paeraasatoe bhaarya ishtaaniki vyatirekamga, aameku theliyakunda, thama koothuruki ooka musalivaaditoe pelli nischayistaadu. danki bhaarya, baavamaridi abhyantharam cheppinapudu, aasaktikaramaina sambashana vaari mugguri Madhya jarudutundhi. aa sandarbhamlo agnihotraavadhaanlu chetha gurazada yea maata anipistaadu. taambuulaalivvadamaneedi bhartia saampradaayamlo pelli nischayam chesukovadam. akkadi varakuu vacchaaka eeka aa pelli aagatam saadharanamga jaragadu, pelli dadapu jariginatle. neenu taambuulaalu kudaa ichesaanu, eeka meerentha ginjukunna origedemee ledani aa patra bhawam. cheyyalsindanta chesesanu, imka ennanukunnaa aemee laabham ledhu ani cheppalsina sandarbhamlo dheenini vadathara. kevalam ooka patra sambhashanalalo bhaagamgaa raasina dailagu saametagaa bashalo inkipoyindi. sametalu

bhagavadgeeta, mahabaratha itihaasamulooni bhiishma parvamu 25va adhyayamu modhal 42va adhyayamu varku 18 adhyaayamulu bhagavadgeetagaa prasiddhamu. kanni giitha ooka pratyeka grandhamugaa bhaavimpabadutundi. sakshattu krishna bhagavanudu boodhinchina jnaanamu ganuka idi hindus parama pavithra grandhaalalo okati. siddhaamta granthamaina bhagavadgeetayandu vedha, vaedaanta, yoga visaeshaalunnaayi. bhagavadgeetanu tarachugaa "giitha" ani sankshiptha naamamtho pilustharu. dheenini "gtopanishattu" ani kudaa antaruu. bhagavadgeetalo bhagavanthuni tatvamu, aatma tatvamu, jevana gamyamu, gamyasadhana yogamulu bodhimpabadinavi. bhagavadgeeta aavirbhaavam bhagavadgeeta mahabharathamu yudhaaniki aadiloo aavirbhavinchindi. daayaadulaina kourava pandavas raajyaadhikaaram choose yudhaaniki siddham mayaru. paandavaveerudaina arjununaku rathasaarathi sreekrushnudu. yudhaaniki iruvaipuvaaruu sankhaalu puurinchaaru. arjuna korikapie krishnudu ranabhumi madhyaku radhanni techhaadu. arjuna iruvaipula parikinchi chudaga tana bandhuvulu, guruvulu, snehitulu kanipimchaaru. varini chuuchi atani hrudayam vikalamaindi. raajyam choose bandhumitrulanu champukovadam nishprayojanamanipinchi. dikkutochani arjuna sreekrushnuni "Mon kartavyamemi?" ani adigadu. ola arjununiki atani ratha saarathi sreekrushnuniki Madhya jargina samvaadame bhagavadgeeta. bhagavadgeeta vishishtata bhagavadgeeta upanishattula saaramani, geethaapathanam kartavya nirvahanaku, paapaharanaku margamani hindus viswaasam. karma yogamu, bakthi yogamu, gnaanayogamu aney muudu jeevanamaargaalu, bhagavanthuni tatvamu, aatma swaroopamu indhulo mukhyaamsamulu. bhagavadgeetaku hinduism mathamloo unna vishisht sthaanaanni prasamsimchae konni aaryoktulu ivi: sarvopanishado gavah dogdha gopala nandanah paardho vatsa ssudheerbhokta dugdham geetaamrutam mahat sreekrushnudanu gollavaadu upanishattulanedu govulanundi arjunudanedi doodanu nimittamugaa chesikoni giitha anu amrutamunu pitikenu. buddhimantulu antha yea geetaamrutamunu panamu chaeyavacchunu. prathi vyakti geetanu sravana, keerthana, pathana, paatana, manana, dhaaranaadula dwara sevimpavalenu. adi padmanabhuni mukha kamalamunundi prabhavinchindi. (mahabharatham - bhiishma parvam) neenu geetanu asrayinchi undunu. giitha Mon nivasamu. geetaadhyayanamu cheyuvaadu bhagavanthuni sevinchinatle (woah puranam) niraasa, sandehamulu nannu chuttumuttinapudu, aasaakiranamulu gocharinchanapudu neenu bhagavadgeetanu teravagaane nannu odaarche slokamu okati kanipistundhi. aa dukkhamlo kudaa nalo chirunavvuludayistaaya. bhagavadgeetanu mananam cheeseevaaru pratidinamuu daninundi crotha ardhalu grahinchi aanandhistaaru. (mahathmaa ghandy) bhagavadgeetalo mukhya vishayalu gtaa saaramu (bhagavadgeeta girinchi anno vyakhyaanaalunnaayi. endaro panditulu, saamaanyulu, outhsahikulu kudaa ardhalu, antaraardhaalu, sandesaalu, visheshaalu vivarinchaaru. kanuka "bhagavadgeeta saaram" annavishayam idi vraasevaariki "ardhamayinanta, thochinantha" ani grahinchali) kartavya vimuududaina arjunudiki gnanam odhimchi, kartavyamvaipu nadipinchadam anede giitha lakshyam ani sandarbhaanusaaramgaa anukovachhunu. ayithe arjuna ooka pattana yea vishayanni angeekarinchaka prasnistuu vuntadu. shishyunipai vaatsalyamto sreekrushnudu atanaki niguudamaina, vaerevarikee teliyanu anek vishayalu bodhistaadu. aatma nithya satyamainadi, chavu laenidi. mrutyuvu varini sareeraala nundi veruchestunde conei aatmanu champadu. satyamaina jnaanamu aatma ghnaaname antey tananu thaanu telusukovadame, tanaloni antharaathma girinchi telusukovadame. abhyasa vairagyamula dwara yogee, vastu prapanchaanni vadhali sarvothkrushtamaina parabrahmanni cheragaladu. bakthi, karma, dhyaan, gnaana maargaalalo bhagavanthuni cheravacchunu. humanity karma chaeyakumdaa undadam sadhyam kadhu. ayithe karmalavalana doshaalu kudaa tappavu. satpurushula dwara gnaanaanni sampaadhinchi, satkarmalu aacharinchaali. karmalapai prathifalaanni aasincharaadu. anni karmala falaanni bhagavantunaku dharapoyali. krishnude parabrahmamu. srushtilooni sakalamu bhagavanthuni amsatoone unnayi. anni poojala, yagnaala falalu aa devadevunake chendutaayi. braham thathvani telusukovadaniki sreekrushnudu arjununaku taatkaalikamugaa divya drhushtini prasaadinchaadu. anantamu, tejomayamu, sarvavyaaptamu, kaala swaroopamu ayina aa sreekrushnuni viswa rupaanni chusi arjuna tarinchaadu. prakruthilo sakala jiivaalu satvarajastamogunaale nindi unnayi. bhagavantunaku saranaagatudainavaadiki yea gunaala bandhamnundi vimukthi labisthundhi. aatma tatvamu jevana karthavyamu - karma, jnaanamu, bakthi yoga saadhana bhagavattatvamu shradda, guna vibhaagamu bhagavadgeeta vibhagalu bhagavadgeetalo motham 18 adhyayalunnayi. okkokka adhyaayaanni okkokka "yogamu" ani chebuthaaru. veetilo 1nundi 6 varku adhyaayaalanu kalipi "karmashatkamu" ani antaruu. 7 nundi 12 varku adhyaayaalanu "bakthi shatkamu" ani antaruu. 13 nundi 18 varku"gnaana shatkamu". okkokka yogamloni pradhaana vishayalu ikda ivvabaddaayi. (aadhyaayam shirshika letha neeli ranguloo Pali. dhaanipai klikk cheestee wikisource‌loni aa adhyaayaaniki dhaari teestundi) 1.arjuna vishaadha yogamu-pradhamadhyayam "dharm kshetramaina kurukshetramlo naavaaru, paanduputrulu emi chesar sanjaya?" aney dhrutharaashtruni prashnatho yea yogam modalavuthundi. taruvaata sanjayudu akada jariginadantaa chebuthaadu. modhata iru pakshala seenalanu sanjayudu varnistaadu. arjuna korikapie paardhasaarathiyaina krishnudu ubhayasenala Madhya radhanni nilipaadu. arjuna kurukshetramlo moharinchi yunnasenalanu chushadu. pranamulaku teginchi yudhaaniki vacchina bamdhu, guru, mitrulanu chushadu. - veerandarinee champukoni raajyam pondadama? ani manasu vikalam ayyindi. krishna! anaku raajyam vaddu, sukam vaddu. neenu iddam cheyanu. anaku aemee thochadam ledhu. kartavyaanni bodhinchu - ani praarthinchaadu. 2.saankhya yogamu - dviteeyaadhyaayamu saankhyamu anagaa aatmaanaatma vivaechana. kartavya vimuududaina arjuna krishnudu mandalinchaadu. taruvaata arjununiki aatma thathvani boodhinchaadu. taanee champevadinanna bhrama vaddhani telipaadu. idi geetalooni tatvam visadaparachina pradhaanaadhyaayam. dheenini sankshiptha giitha ani kudaa antaruu. sareeraaniki, athmaku unna bhedaanni bhagavantudu vivarinchaadu. aatma shaashwathamani, danki maranam ledani, ooka shareeram nundi maroka sareeraaniki maarutundani vivarinchaadu. danki sheetoshna sukhadukkhaalavanti dvandvaalu leavu. indriyaalaku vishaya samparkam valana dwandvaanubhavaalu kalugutuntaayi. sukha dukkhaalu, labhanashtalu, jayapajayalu vento dwandwa vishayaalapatla samabuddhini kaligi falapeksha rahitangaa karmalu cheyale. sukamu patla anuraagamu, dhukkhamu patla udvignamu lekunda karmalu cheeseevaadu, indriyaalanu vasamlo unchukunevadu, ahankara mamakaaraamulu veedinavaadu, buddhini aatmayande lagnamu chesinavadu sthitaprajnudu. saankhya yogam: sariiramu asaasvatamu. dhaanini thelusukunna shareeri (aatma) saasvatamu. yea visayaaniki praadhaanyamicchi kartavyapalana cheyale. yea renditiloo e upayanni girinchi kshunnamgaa telusukunna chintalu, sokaalu tholagipoovunu. 3.karma yogamu - trutayaadhyaayamu karmalannintini aavarinchukoni kontha dhoosham umtumdi. alagani karmalu chaeyakumdaa jeevanam sadhyam kadhu. karmalavalana sambhavimchina bandhame jeevudini janana marana chakrabandhamlo kattivestundi. ayithe ahambhaavaanni, phalavaanchanu viidi karmalanu aacharisthe karma bandhalanundi vimuktulu kaavachhunu. amduvalana yuktamaina karmalu cheestuunee vundali. vaati falithaanni girinchi aasincharaadu. alagani karmalu cheeyadam maanaraadu. phalitham priyamaina, apriyamaina gaani dhaanini samabuddhitho sweekarinchaali. karmala patla sangamu (aasakti, vyaamoham) penchukookuudadu. kaaryam siddhinchinaa siddhimpakunnaa gaani samabhavam kaligi vundali. falapeksha lekunda chesede nishkama karma. phalaapekshatoo chese kamyakarmalu neechamainavi. loka kalyanam choose chese karmalu bhagavantuniki preetikaramainavi. ivi bandham kaliginchavu. mokshapradaalu. eshwaraarpana buddhitho chese karma pavithramainadani yajna vantidhi. idhey karma yogamu. karmanye vaadhikaarasthe maphale sukhadachana, maa karmaphalage durbhu:maathe sangostva karmani|| 4.gnaana yogamu - chaturdhaadhyaayamu aatmanu, paramaatmuni gurinchina ghnaaname mokshaprathamu. adi nishkama karma valana labisthundhi. nishkama karma valana shuddhamaina chittham ghnaanoodayaaniki saraina kshethram. yea parama gnaanaanni puraatanakaalamlo suuryunaku bhagavantudu upadesinchaadu. lokamlo dharmanni rakshinchadaniki, durmaargulanu shikshinchadaaniki yugayugamuna bhagavantudu avataristaadu. yea adhyaayamlo krishnudu tana paramaathma thathvani ila boodhinchaadu - " dharmaaniki haani kaligi aadarmam pecchumeerinapudu neenu saadhusamrakshana choose, dhushta sikshnha choose, dharm punasthapana choose pratiyugamloonuu avataristuntaanu. neenu samasta praanulaku eshwarudanu, janana marana rahitudanu ayinava gaani Mon maayaasaktiche nannu neenu srujinchukontuntaanu. manaollu nannu evidhamgaa aaraadhisthaaro aa roopamloone varini anugrahistuntaanu. raaga bhaya krodhaadulanu thyajinchi nannee dhyaaninchevaaru nannu pomdutaaru. karma phalaasaktini vidachi, nithya thrupthudai, ahankara mamakaaraalanu parityajinchi, sukhadukkhaalaku atheethudaina, samadrushti kaligina, tyagabuddhi kaligina saadhakuniki gnanam sulabhamgaa labisthundhi. ghnaanamtho samaanamaina paavanakaraminkokati ledhu. imdriya nigrahamu, shradda kaligi, aatma dhyaanam chese saadhakuniki paramasaantini prasaadhinche gnanam kalugutundhi. gnanam laenivaadu, shradda laenivaadu, samsayaatmudu ihaparalokaalaloonuu santini pondaledu." 5.karmasanyasa yogamu - panchamaadhyaayamu intakuu karmanu cheyala? tyajinchaalaa? ani arjunudi sandeham. ndhuku krishnudu cheppina samadhanam - "karma chaeyakumdaa undadam karma sanyasam kadhu. nishkama karma aacharistuu, karma phalalanu thyajinchadam valana gnaaniyainavaadu mokshaanni pondutaadu. yea saadhana dhyaanayogaaniki dhaari teestundi. phalaasaktini vidachi, brahmaarpana buddhitho karma chese sanyaasiki sarvamoo brahmamayamgaa kanipistundhi. yea samatvame brahmagnaanaaniki atyavasaram. ellapuduu cheyadagina karmanu sangarahitamgaa chosen manavudu paramapadaanni pondutaadu" 6.aatmasamyama yogamu - shashtaadhyaayamu yea adhyaayamlo vividha yogasadhana vidhaanaalu cheppabaddayi. imdriya manoe buddhulanu adhupuloo unchukoni dhyaanamlo manasu nilupukovali. idi sulabham kadhu. yea prayatnamlo yevarini vaare nigrahinchukoni uddharinchukovaali. dhyaanam sarigaa sagalante aahaaram, nidhra, vinodam, soukhyam vento vishayaalallo samyamanam patinchaali. athi akkadaa kudadu. manassu chanchalam kanuka adi chediripotuu umtumdi. abhyasam, vyragyam aney balamaina saadhanala dwara manasunu nigrahinchukonavachhuna. dhyaanaaniki antharaayam kaliga sankalpaalanu dooramgaa unchaali. samasta praanula sukhadukkhaalanuu thanaviga thalachi vaatipatla dhaya, karuna, aardrata, sahaayata choopaali. okavela yogasadhana madyalo aagipoyina dani phalitham valana mundujanmalo jiivudu yogonmukhudai gamyaanni cheragaladu. 7.gnaanavignaana yogamu - saptamaadhyaayamu vignaanamu anagaa anubhava gnanam. yea adhyaayamlo bhagavanthuni tatvam guurchina gnanam, aayana swaroopamu, maaya, sarvaantaryaamitvam parichayam cheyabadinayi. ayanaku saranujochuta Bara sarayina bhaktimaargam. vaarike aayana karuna labisthundhi. veladilo e okkado mokshasiddhikai prayatnistaadu. vaariloo eokkado bhagavanthuni telusukogalugutaadu. bhagavanthuni prakruthi (maaya) manassu, buddhi, ahankaaramu, panchabhootamulu aney yenimidhi tatvaalugaa vibhajimpabadindi. idi apara prakruthi. intakante utthamamainadi paraaprakruti bhagavanthuni chaithanyamu. yea rendinti samyogam valana srusti jarudutundhi. manihaaramlo suutramlaagaa bhagavantudu viswamantataa vyaapinchiyunnaadu. bhagavantukante vaerugaa edhee ledhu. aartulu, ardhaardhulu, jignaasuvulu, ghnaanulu aney nalaugu vidhalaina bhakthulu bhagavanthuni aaradhistaaru. vaariloo jnaani sarvamoo vaasudevamayamani thelusukoni kolustruaadu ganuka atadu bhagavantuniki priyatamudu. anek devatala rupees bhagavanthuni aaraadhinche bhakthulanu ayah devatalaswaroopamlo vaasudevudu anugrahistaadu. devatalanaradhinchevaru devatalanu, sarveshwaruni aaraadhinchaevaaru sarveshwaruni pomdutaaru. janna jara maranalanundi mokshaanni pondagorinavaaru devadevuni (vaasudevuni) asrayinchi, samastamuu aa brahmame ani thelusukoni brahmamunu pomdutaaru. 8.aksharaparabrahma yogamu - ashtamaadhyaayamu brahmamu, aadhyaatmamu, karma, adhibhootamu, adhidaivamu aney vishyaala vivarana yea adhyaayamlo cheppabadindi. nityamaina, satyamaina parama padamu, parabrahmamu goorchi cheppabadindi. ksharamu anagaa nasinchunadi. naasarahitamaina parabrahmame aksharamu. janmaraahityam girinchi bodhinchedi aatyama vidya. antyakaalamlo bhagavanthuni dhyaanistuu dehaanni thyajinchevaadu nissandehamgaa parabrahmamunu cherukontaadu. onkaaraanni uchcharistuu dehaanni vidachevaadu paramapadaanni pondutaadu. anya chintana lekunda nishchala manassutoo sadhaa smarana chesevaniki idi saadhyamoutundi. ola bhagavanthuni pondinavaaniki punarjanma ledhu. braham chosen srusti marala brahmaku ratri kaagaanae layistundi. samastamuu nasinchinaa nischalanga umdae parabrahma sthaanam sreekrushnuni aavaasam. akadiki cherinavaariki tirigi velladam undadhu. ananya bakthi chetane aa divyapadaanni cherukogalaru. 9.rajavidyaaraajaguhya yogamu - navamaadhyaayamu karma yogamu, gnaana yogamu, karma sanyasa yogamu, aatma samyama yogamu, gnaana vijnana yogamulalo jevana vidhanaaniki margam, bhagavatpraaptiki sadhanam nirdesinchabadinaayi. akkashare parabrahma yogamlo parabrahmanni gurinchina parichayam jargindi. 9na adhyayam ayina "rajavidya rajguhya yogamu" krishnudu taanee bhagantudanani, srusti sthiti laya kaarakudanani telipaadu. idi pavithramainadani jnaanamu. anninta vistarimchina paramaatmuni girinchi, aayananu pomdu vidhamu girinchi cheppabadindi. krishnudu yea yogamlo cheppina vishaya saransham - " vidyalaloo utthamamainadi, athi niguudamayinadi yea braham vidya. jeevuni moksha rahasyanni theliyajesthundhi. arjuna! Mon adhvaryamlone samasta caracara srusti zanistundi, kalpaantamlo nalone viliinamai malli kalpaadilo srushtimpabadutumdi. yea jagatthuku nene thallini, tamdrini, puurvudanu, karma phala pradaatanu. pranava naadaanni. vedalu, vedha vidya, vedaala dwara teliyadaginavaadanu nene. sarvaannii bharinchevaadini, aasrayaanni, beejaanni, saranunosagevaadini, saakshini, srusti sthiti laya kaarakudanu, sath‌swaroopudanu, amruthudanu. moodulu Mon thathvani teliyajaalaka vyardhamaina aasalatoonu, nishprayojanamaina karmalathonu nasistunnaaru. sajjanulu nannu sadhaa keertistuu jamanayogam dwara aaradhistaaru. ananya chintanatho nannu upasinchevari yoga kshemaalu nene vahistaanu." "anya devatalanu aaraadhinchaevaaru kudaa nannee aaraadhistunnaaru. nenosage kaamyaardhaalanu ayah devatala dwara podutunnaaru. nannu kolichevaaru nannee pomdutaaru. pavithramainadani hrudayamtoo anaku pathramu, puspam, phalamu, jalamu Hansi tarpinchinaa dhaanini sweekarinchi neenu truptudanautaanu. e pania chesinava aa karma falam anaku samarpiste neevu karma bandhamnundi vimuktudavoutaavu. nannu aaraadhinche etuvanti bhaktudaina atadennatikii nasimpadu. evarainaa nannu aasrayisthe paramagatini pomdutaaru. kanuka nayande manasu lagnam chessi, Mon bhaktudavai, nannaaraadhinchumu. nannee sharanu jochumu. nannee neevu pondedadavu" 10.vibhuti yogamu - dasamaadhyaayamu intaku mundhu yogalalo mundhuga bhagavanthuni pomdadaaniki avusaramaina saadhana cheppabadindi. taruvaata aksharamaina parabrahmamante aemito, yevaro, aa parabrahmanu pomdadaaniki emi cheyalo krishnudu cheppaadu. eeka yea adhyaayamlo aa parabrahmamu yeye roopamulalo gocharistundo telipaadu. sakala characharamalalo, lokamulalo, yugamulalo vyaapinchiyunna tana anantamaina vibhoothulalo koddhi vibhoothulanu bhagavanudu arjununaku teliyajeppenu. " neenu samasta maanavula hrudayalalo aaseenudanai yunnanu. samastamunaku aadata, Madhya, anthamu nene anagaa daivamunaku aadata anthamu naamamu roopamu leavu.. aadityulalo vishnhuvunu. thejomayamainavaanilo suuryudanu. govulalo kaamadhenuvunu. daityulalo prahlaadudanu. aayudha dhaarulalo ramudanu. nadhulaloo ganga. streelaloo keerti, medha, kshama. paandavulalo arjunudanu. munulalo vyaasudanu. vrushnulalo vasudevudanu. vijayulalo jigeeshanu. mosagallalo dyootaanni. jalacharaalalo mosalini. jalaraasulalo samudranni. veyela? aishwaryamayamu, kantimayamu, sakta mayamu inavanniyu Mon tejassulo ooka amsanundi kaliginavi. saptarshulu, sanakasanandanadulu, manuvulu Mon manasamununde udbhavinchaaru. ghnaanulu Mon divya vibhoothulanu telisikonnavaarai, nayande magnulai, parsparam nagurinchi okarikokaru bodhinchukontu aanandistuntaaru." - ani tana vibhoothula girinchi taanee ila cheppaadu bhagavanthudaina vaasudevudu., oa kaunteya! neellaloo rasamunu neenu. chandrasuryalalo kaantinenu.vedamulalo pranavamunu neenu.aakaasamuna sabdamunu neenu.maanavuulaloo paurushamu neenu. neelaloo thaavi neenu. suuryuniloe thejassunu neenu.bhoothamulalo jeevamenenu. taapasulalo thapassunu neenu.bhootamulannintiki beejamunu neenu.buddhivantulalo buddhini neenu.tejassulalo thejassunu neenu.balavantulalo kaamaraagamulu laeni balamenenu.dharmaviruddhamu kanni kaamamenenu.saattvika rajasika taamasa bhavamulanniyu navallane kaligedivi.vatilo neenu leanu.kanni avi naayandu unnayi.vibhuti slokamulaku mukhyaardhamu cheppucho parinaamavaadamuloki digunu.elanaga bhagavanthude rasamu, kanthi modhalagu ruupamulu taalchenani cheppavalasina vachunu. daaramunu poosalunu okati kaavu.eevishayaanantaramunde vibhootislokamulunnava.paramaathma valananee sakshattu bhoototpatti yagunani bhramanu nivaarinchutaku naalagava paadamuna vaanilo neenu lenugaani avi nalo unnavi ani mugimpabadenu.kshatruvu, yagnamu, swadha, aushadhamu, neeyi, nippu, homamu nene.nene jagatiki tamdrini, thallini, taatanu teliyadaginavaadanu nene.pavitramagu omkaaramu rukkusaamamu yajassu, gati, bharta, Morena, shakshi, nivasamu, saranamu, neccheli, prabhavamu, pralayamu, aadharamu, nidaanamu nene.oa arjuna! nene vedimini kalugajeyunadi.nene varshinchu nadi, nene neee lagukonunadi; amruthamu mrutyuvu, sattu asattu nene.prakrutiye karyamu chaeyunu. kanni aaprakruti aatmaadheenamu. kavuna prakruthi karyamu aatma karopinchabadenu.jagattuyandu yedi doddado ayah vastuvulane eshwararoopamugaa chintinchamani upadesinchenu. bhagavanuni divyaguna vaibhavaala girinchi winn tejoroopamunu chuupamani praardhinchenu. common chakshuvulatho aa roopam chudadam durlabham ganuka krishnudu arjunanaku divyadrushtini prasaadinchenu. appudu arjuna asankhyaaka mukamulu, netramulu, adbhutaayudhamulu dharinchi anantamugaa vistarimchina devadevuni vishwaroopamunu darsinchenu. adi divyamaalyaambara dharamu, divya gandhaanulepanamu. aa mahakala swaroopamunu antaku mundevvarunu choodledhu. arjuna pulakinchi aa anantaroopuni ila prasthuthinchaadu. "devadeva! jagatpate! anantarupa! suuryunivale prajvalinchuchunna ny ananath roopamu chuuda anaku sakyamu gaakunnadi. neevu devadevudavu, sanaatanudavu. ananath sakta sampannudavu. neeyandu brahmadi samasta deevathalu kanipinchuchunnaaru. devatu, maharshulu, pitarulu ninnu stutistunnaru. prabho! niku anek namaskaaramulu. marala marala namaskaaramulu. prasannudavu kammu" ani praarthinchaadu. arjuna karuninchi bhagavanudu tana rupaanni upasamharinchi aa adbhuta rupaanni darsinchadam thapassu valana kanni, vedaadhyayanam valana gaani alavi kadhani cheppaadu. ananyamaina bakthi valana Bara aa divyaruupaanni telusukovadam sadhyamani telipaadu. 11. vishwaroopa sandarsana yogamu - ekaadasaadhyaayamu 12.bakthi yogamu - dwaadasaadhyaayamu paramaatmuni saguna, nirguna roopamulalo daenini aaraadhimpavalenani arjuna prasninchenu. remdunu bhagavanuni cheru margamule ayinanu saguna saakaara upasanaye bhakthulaku anuvyna margamani selavicchenu. aapai bhagavantudu ghnaaniyaina tana bhaktula lakshanamulanu vivarinchenu. bhagavanthuni yedala athantha prema kaligi undadam bakthi anabadutundi. utthama bhakthudu imdriya nigrahamu, sama bhavamu, sarva buthha hitabhilasha kaligi vundali. e praaninii dveshimpaka anni jeevulapatla mytri, karuna kaligi vundali. ahankara mamakaaraalanu vidachipettaali. vorpu, santhushti, nishchala chittamu kaligi vundali. suchi, shradda, karya dahshata kaligi vundali. manobuddhulanu bhagavantuniki arpinchaali. 13.kshetrakshetragravi yogamu - trayodasaadhyaayamu maanavula sariiramu kshetramu. aa kshetramunu goorchi telisinavadu kshetrajnudu. anni kshetramulalonu antaryaamigaanunna kshetrajnudu paramatmude. ani, atti paramaatmuni swaroopamunu krishnaparamaatmudu teliyajeppenu. kshetramante iidu karmendriyaalu, iidu gnaanendriyaalu, manassu, buddhi, ahankaaramulatho kuudukoni yunna sariiramu. kshetrajnudunte kshethramlo umdae jiivudu. anni kshetralalo umdae kshetrajnudanu nene ani, yea kshethra kshetrajnula madhyanunna yathaartha sambandam telisikovadam ghnaanamani krishnudu upadesinchaadu. alaanti gnanam kaligina jnaani lakshanhaalu - tananu thaanu pogadukonakapovadam, garvam lekapovadam, ahimsaacharana, rujutvamu, guru seva tatparata, suchitvamu, sthiira buddhi, aatma nigraham, imdriya vishaayaalapai vyragyam kaligi undatam, ishtaanishtaala patla samaghaanam kaligi undadam, yekantha priyatvam, thathva gnanam dhyeyaanni grahinchadam, bhagavantuniyandu ananyamaina bakthi kaligi undadam vantivi. ilanti gnanam laeni agnani tana aatma thathvani telisikonaleka, kshetrame thaanu ani bhraminchisamsaara bandhaalaku lonouthadu. anek janmalanettutaadu. yathaarthamgaa sareeraaniki bhinnangaa, saaksheebhootamgaa, prabhuvugaa, bharinchuvaanigaa bhagavanudunnadu. 14.gunatrayavibhaaga yogamu - chaturthasaadhyaayamu aatma naasana rahitamainadi. kanni prakrutivalla vudbavimchina sathva rajas thamo gunamulu jeevaatmanu sareeramuna bandhinchunu. anuchu sreekrushnudu yea muudu gunamula swabhaavamunu, prabhaavamunu vivarinchenu. andariloonu unna satvarajastamo gunaala prabavam valana jeevulu bhinnangaa pravartistunnaayi. yea trigunaalu prakrutitopatu udbhavinchi kshetrajnudini kshethramlo bandhinchi unchutaayi. brahmandamanta bhagavanthuni kaaranamgaanae srujimpabadutundi. satvagunam nirmalamainadi, prakasimpajeyunadi, jeevuniki sukhampatla gnanam patla aasaktini pemchi jeevuni bandhistundi. rajogunam imdriya vishaayaalapai anuraktini, trushnanu kalugajesi jeevuni nirantara karya kalapalalo bandhinchi unchuthundi. tamogunam aghaanam valana kalugutundhi. bhrama, ajagratta, nidhra, somarithanam vento vatilo jeevuni bandhistundi. sathva gunam valana jnaanamu, rajogunam valana lobhamu, tamogunam valana moodhathvamu kalugutaayi. deninee dweshimpakundaa, kankshinchakunda, samatvamtho nirma manaskudainavadu amrutatvaanni pondutaadu. bhagavanthuni achanchala bakthi vishwaasaalathoo aaraadhinchaevaadu gunatitudai braham padaanni pomdadaaniki arhudoutadu. 15.purushottamaprapti yogamu - panchadasaadhyaayamu trigunaatmakamaina samsara vrukshamunu sreekrushnudu varninchenu. jagattuloo naasanamonduvaadu ksharudu. vinaasarahitudu aksharudu. veeriddarikante uttamamainavaadu, ateetudu ganuka bhagavantudu purushottamudu. purushottama praapthi yogamunu aadhyaayamuyandali 16va slokamu sloe❘❘ dwavimou purushou lkke ksharaschaakshara evacha ❘ ksharassarvaani bhuutaani kootasthokshara uchchate ❘❘ ikda ksharudu anagaa trigunaala srusti ayina naasanamondu sthula, suukshma, kaarana shareeraalu, aaksharudu anagaa kshetrajnudu, purushottamudu anagaa paramaathma. yea gnanam srusti aadata yandu devadevuniche suuryuniki cheppabadindi. tirigi marala aa ghnaaname devuni maanavaroopamu ayina bhagavantudu srikrishnaparamatma chee dwaparayugamulo parama pavithra prishuddha bhagavadgeeta rupamulo shree arjanuni kaaranamgaa cheesukuni marala yea lokaaniki cheppabadindi. 16.daivaasurasampadvibhaaga yogamu - shodasaadhyaayamu asura lakshanhamulu, daiva lakshanamulaku Madhya antaramunu bhagavantudu vivarinchenu. manaollu manushyulugaa, maanavatvamuto jeevanam saaginchutaku e lakshanamulanu alavarachukovali, e lakshanamulaku dooramugaa vundaali aney vishayamulanu telusukonutaku yea adhyayamu enthagaano vupayogapaduthundi. daivii bhavamulu gala vaariloo e gunamulu prasphutistaayi alaage asuri bhavamulu galavaarilo e lakshanhamulu prasphutistaayi aney vishayamulo aa bhagavanudu entho vipulamuga teliya chesaru. kanuka yea adhyayamu prathi okkariki aacharanaatmakamaina jnaanamunu prasaadistundi. daivii sampadha kaligina vaari lakshanhamulu yea vidhamugaa vuntaayi--------------- bhayamu laekunduta anthah karanamandu nirmalatvamu, thathva ghnaanaardhamai dhyaanamandu nirantara drudha sthiti, saatvikamaina daanamu, imdriya nigrahamu, daiva, gurupujanamu, agni hotradi utthama karmacharanamu, vedha saastramulu chaduvuta, chadivinchuta, bhagavanthuni guna naama keertanamu, swadharma paalanayandu kashtamula yandu vorpu, sariramuna, anthah karanamuna, indriyamulayandu saralatvamu, manovakkayamula nevvarini badhimpakunduta, sarala sathya bhaashanamu, apakari patla kudaa etty krodhamu kalagakunduta karmala yandu kartrutva abhimaanamu laekunduta, yevarini nindimpakunduta, sakala praanula yandu nirhetukamaina dhaya kaligi yunduta, imdriya vishaya samyogamu kaliginanu daaniyandu aasakti lekayunduta, komalatvamu, lokaviruddhamaina, saastra viruddhamaina karmaacharana yandu lajja kaligi yunduta vyardhamaina karmalu cheyakunduta. tejamu, kshama, dhairyamu, baahya shuddi, evari yandunu shatru bhavamu laekunduta tana yandu poojyata abhimaanamu laekunduta anunavanniyu oa arjuna! daivii sampadha kaligina vaari lakshanhamulu. oa arjuna! dambhamu, darpamu, durabhimaanamu, krodhamu, paurushamu, agnaanamu mosalagunavi asuri sampadato puttina vaari lakshanhamulu. 17.shraddaatrayavibhaaga yogamu- saptadasaadhyaayamu vividhamaargaalalo pujalu chesevari shradda e vidhamainadi? yavaru evidhamgaa yagnaanula, dhaanaalu chestaaru? 18.mokshasanyasa yogamu - ashtadasaadhyaayamu kanuka anni samsayamulanu parityajinchi, tanayande manasu nilipi yuddhamu (karma) cheymanu bhagavantudu upadesinchenu. arjuna mohavirahitudayyenu. yogeshwarudagu krishnudu, dhanurdharudaina paardhudu unna choota sampadha, vijayamu Behar untaayani sanjayudu dhrutharaashtruniki cheppaadu.. bhartia scheduled bhashalalo bhagavadgeeta anuvaadaalu 1.samskrutam 2.hiindi 3.bengali 4.assamy 5.maraatii 6.qannada 7.telegu 8.gujrati 9.orea 10.tamilam 11.urdoo bhaashallo bhagavadgeeta anuvadaalu prachurinchabaddaayi.migta 11 scheduled bhashalalo anuvaadaalu prachurinchabadaali. bhagavadgeeta girinchi bhaashyaalu, rachanalu samskruthamloo telugulo aanglamlo itara bhashalalo marikonni visheshaalu giitha gurinchina abhiprayalu bhagavadgeeta nundi maargadarshakatvamu pondinavarilo endaro yogulu, taattvikulu unnare. vaariloo shree chaitan mahaprabhu okaru. eeyana "hare krishna" mantropasakulu. mahatma gaandhi tana ahimsa siddaantaaniki giitha nunde spoorthini pondhaaru. ghandy mahabaratha yuddhaanni nithya jeevitamlo jarigee sangharshanalannitiki vedhika vantidani varnincharu. anthimangaa giitha saaramu ayanaku british vaari valasa palananu edirinchadaaniki ooka ayudhamu vento spoorthini icchindi. America anhu shaastraveettha, anubambu srustinchina 'man hotton projekt' nirdesakudaina 'raabart openhimer' 1945loo modati anvaayudha prayogaanni chusinapudu aa prabhavanni varninchadaniki geetalooni vishwaroopa ghattannundi (11-32) udaharinchaadani antaruu . shree ramkrishna pramahamsa shishyulalo agraganyudaina swamy vivekaanandha geetalooni bakthi, gnaana, karma raja yogalaku entho vipulamgaa nuuthana bhashyanni vraasaaru. yogulu kaadalachina varu geetalooni prathi adhyaayaanni vivaranga chadavamani swamy sivananda bodhimchaaru. ooka yogee aatma katha rachayita ayina pramahamsa yoganand, geetanu prapanchamulooni atythama pavithra grandhamugaa paerkonnaaru. bhagavadgeeta kaalam bhagavadgeeta eppudi vraayabadinadoo purtiga nirdharana kaledhu, ledha niroopimpabadaledu. mahabaratha itihaasamunandalai vividha khagola aadhaarala anusarinchi, mahabaratha kollanni creesthu poorvam 3137 gaaa cheppabadutunnaayi. yea taareekhulu hindus viswaasamaina kaliyugaarambhamai 5000 samvastaralu ainai anedaaniki anukuulamgaanae unnayi. puraanaalanu anusarinchi mathram kristupurvam 2500 gaaa cheppabadutunnaayi. paaschaatya vidvaansulu mathram yea taareekhulu creesthu poorvam 2000 samvatsaraalugaa cheppuchunnaru. gtaa shloka sanka bhagavadgeetaloni shlokaala sanka girinchi chaaala parisoedhana jargindi, enka jaruguthu Pali. mahabharathamlo bhiishma parvam 43va adhyayam, 4va sloka ila Pali: shatsatani savimsaani shlokanam prahakesavah arjunah saptapanchasat saptashashtincha sanjayah dhrutarashtrah slokamekam gitaya maanamuchyathe deennibatti krishnudu 620 slokaalu, arjuna 57 slokaalu, sanjayudu 67 slokaalu, dhrutaraashtrudu 1 sloka cheppaaru. antey motham 745 slokaalu. conei, vaadukalo unna bhagavadgeeta prathini batti krishnudu 574 slokaalu, arjuna 84 slokaalu, sanjayudu 41 slokaalu, dhrutaraashtrudu 1 sloka cheppaaru. antey motham 700. mari konni pratulalo 13va adhyayam "kshetrakshetrajna vibhagha yogam" modatlo arjuna adiginatlugaa "prakrutim purusham chaiva ..." ani ooka prasna Pali. adi kanuka kalupukunte motham 701 slokaalu avthayi. ivi kakunda raajasthaanloni kathiawad‌loo bhoja (bhurjara) patraalapai raasina bhagavadgeeta paataantaram okati bayatapadindanee, danilo ekamgaa 755 slokaalu unnaayanee, thama 'gtaa makaramdam' (1963) rendava mudranalo (chuudu pee. 13, 1964) vidyaaprakaasaanandagira varu (shukabrahmashramamu, kalahasti) raashaaru. conei, dheenini girinchi marinni vivaralu andubatulo leavu. Hansi emana, mahabaratha sloka prakshiptam kaadanukunte maroka 44/45 amoolyamaina slokaalu kaalagarbhamlo kalisipoyayani cheppacchu. ghantasaala bhagavadgeeta bhagavadgeeta. mahabharathamu samagra saaraamsamu. bhakthudaina arjununaku onarchina upadesame gtaa saaraamsamu. bhartiya yuddhamu jarugaraadani sarva vidhamula bhagavanudu prayatninchenu. kanni aa mahaanubhaavuni prayatnamulu vyardhamulaayenu. atu pimmata sreekrushnudu paarthunaku saarathiyai nilichenu. yuddha rangamuna arjuna korika meraku rathamunu nilipenu. arjuna ubhaya sainyamulalo gala tandrulanu, guruvulanu, menamaamalanu, sodarulanu, manumalanu, mitrulanu chuuchi, hrudayamu dravinchi, swajanamunu champutaku ishtapadaka "anaku vijayamuu valadu, raajya sukhamuu valadu" ani dhanurbanamulanu crinda vaiche. dukkitudaina arjuna chuuchi srikrishna paramaathma: dukkhimpa tagani varini goorchi dukkinchuta anuchitamu. aatmaanaatma vivekulu, anityamulaina sareeramulanu goorchigaani, nityamulu, saasvatamulu ayina atmalanu goorchigaani dukkimparu. jeevunaku dehamunandu balyamu, youvanamu, musalitanamu yetlo maroka dehamunu pomdutaku kudaa atle kanuka yea vishayamuna dheerulu mohamu nondaru. manushyudu etlu chinigina vastramulanu vadhali nuuthana vastramulanu dharinchuno atle aatma (jeevaatma) jeernamaina shariiramunu vadhali crotha shariiramunu dharinchuchunnadi. (2.22) aatma naashanamu laenidi, aatmanu shastramulu chedimpajalavu, agni dahimpajaaladu, neee tadupajaaladu, vayu arpiveyunu samardhamu kadhu. aatma naashanamu laenidi. (2.23) puttinavaaniki maranamu tappadu. maranhinchina vaniki janmamu tappadu. anivaaryamagu yea vishayamunu goorchi sokimpatagadu. (2.27) yuddhamuna maraninchinacho veeraswargamunu pondedavu. jayinchinacho rajyamunu bhogintuvu. kavuna arjuna! yuddhamunu chaeyu krutanischayudavai lemmu. (2.37) karmalanu aacharinchuta yande niku adhikaramu kaladu kanni, vaani phalitamupaina ledhu. neevu karmaphalamunaku kaaranamu kaaraadu. atlani karmalanu chaeyuta maanaraadu. (2.47) dukkhamulu kaliginnappudu dhigulu chendanivaadunu, sukhamulu kaliginnappudu spruha kolponivaadunu, ragamu, bhayamu, krodhamu poeyina vaadunu, sthitaprajnudani cheppabadunu. (2.56) vishayavaanchalanu goorchi sadhaa mananamu cheyuvaaniki, vaani yandanu ragamadhikamai, adi kamamuga maari chivaraku krodhamagunu. (2.62) krodhamuvalana avivekamu kalugunu. deenivalana gnapakasakthi nasinchi dani phalitamumugaa manujudu budddini kolpoi chivaraku adhogathi chendunu. (2.63) aatmagnaanapuurvaka karmanustaramu, brahmapraaptisaadhanama kaligina jiivudu samsaaramuna badaka, sukhaika swaroopamaina aatmapraaptini chendagaladu. arjuna! yea loekamuloe aatmaanaatma vivekamugala sanyaasukalu gnaanayogamu chetanu, chittasuddhigala yogishwarulaku karmayogamu chetanu, muukti kaluguchunnadani srusti aadiyandu naache cheppabadiyunnadi. annamu valana jantujaalamu puttunu. varshamu valana annamu samakuurunu. yagnamu valana varshamu kalugunu. aa yagnamu karma valananee sambhavamagunu. parda! naache nadupabadu yea lokamu anu chakramunu batti, yevadu anusarimpado, vaadu indriyaloludai paapajeevanudaguchunnaadu. attivaadu vyardhudu, ghnaanee kaanivaadu sadhaa karmala nacharinchuchune undavalenu. uttamulaina varu deni nacharinthuro, daanine itarulunu acharinthuru. uttamulu vaenini pramaanamugaa angeekarinthuro lokamantayu daanine anusarinchunu. arjuna! ny vonarchu samasta karmalanuu Mon yandu samarpinchi ghnaanamuchae nishkaamudavai, ahankaaramu laenivaadavai santaapamunu vadhali yuddhamu chaeyumu. chakkaga anustimpabadina paradarmamu kanna, gunamu lenidainanu swadharmame maelu. atti dharmacharanamuna maranamu sambhavinchinanu maelae. paradarmamu bhayankaramainadi. acharanaku anuchitamainadi. pogacheta agni, murikicheta addamu, mavicheta sisuvu yetlu kappabaduno, atlu kaamamucheta jnaanamu kappabadi yunnadi. e kaalamuna dharmamunaku haani kaluguno, adharmamu vruddinonduno, ayah samayamulayandu shishtarakshana, dushtasikshana, dharm samrakshanamula koru prateeyugamunaa avataaramu daalchuchunnaanu. anuraagamu, bhayamu, krodhamu vadhali Mon yandu manassu lagnamu chessi, aasrayimchina satpurushulu gnaanayogamu chetha parisuddhulai Mon saannidhyamunu pondiri. (4:10) evarevaru yeye vidhamugaa nannu teliyakoruchunnaro varini ayah vidhamuluga neenu anugrahinchuchunnaanu conei, e okkaniyandu anuraagaamukaani, dweshamugaani leavu. (4:11) evani karmacharanamulu qama sankalpamulu kaavo yevani karmalu ghnaanamanu nippuche kalpabadinavo, attivanini panditulani vidvaamsulani palkuduru. (4:19) yagnapaatramu brahmamu, homadravyamu brahmamu, agni brahmamu, homamu cheyuvaadu brahmamu, brahmakarma samadhi chetha pondanagu phalamu guuda brahmamaniye talanchavalayunu. (4:24) shradda, imdriya nigrahamu galavaadu jnaanamunu pomdutaku samardhudagunu. atti jnaani utkrushtamaina mokshamunu pondhunu. (4:39) karma, sanyaasamulu rendunuu mokshasopana saadhanamulu. andu karma parityaagamu kanna, karmanushtaname shreshtamainadi. (5:2) yevadu falapeksha kaankshimpaka brahmarpanamuga karmala naacharinchuno, atadu taamaraakuku neetibinduvulu antani reetigaa paapamuna chikkubadadu. (5:10) evani agnaanamu jnaanamu chetha nasimpabaduno atanaki jnaanamu suuryunivale prakasinchi paramaarthatatvamunu jupunu. (5:16) vidyaa vinay sampannudagu braahmanuniyandunu sunakamu sunaka maamsamu vondukoni tinuvaani yandunu panditulu samadrushti kaligi vunduru. (5:18) dehatyaagamunaku mundhu yevadu kaamakrodhaadi arishadvargamulanu jayinchuno, attivaadu yogee anabadunu. (5:23) yevadu indriyamulanu jayinchi, drhushtini bhroomadhyamuna nilipi praanaapaana vaayuvulanu stambimapajesi, manassunu, buddhini, swaadheena monarchukoni, mokshaasaktudai yunduno attiwade muktudanabadunu. (5:28) sakala yajna tapah falamulanu ponduvaaniganu, sakala prapancha niyaamakuniganu, nannu grahinchina mahaneeyudu mokshamunu ponduchunnadu. (5:29) arjuna! sanyaasamani deninanduro, daanine karmayoga maniyu antaruu. atti yeda sankalpatyaagamonarpani yogikajaladu. (6:2) yuktaahaara vihaaraadulu, karmacharanamu galavaaniki aatmasamyama yogamu labhyamu. (6:17) galilenichota pettina deepamu nischalamugaa prakaasinchulaagunane manonigrahamu kaligi atmayogamabhyasinchina vaani chittamu nischalamugaa nundunu. (6:19) sakalabhootamulayanduu samadrushti kaliginavaadu, anni bhootamulu tanayandunu, tananu anni bhootamulayandunu chuuchuchundunu. (6:29) arjuna! ettivaanikainanu, manassunu nischalamugaa nilchuta dussaadhyame. ayinanu dhaanini abhyaasavairaagyamulache nirodhimpavachhunu. (6:35) arjuna! paripurnamaina vishwaasamuthoo nannaasrayinchi vinayamutho yavaru sevinchi, bhajinturo varu samasta yogulalo uttamulu. (6:47) vaelakoladhi janulalo e okkado ghnaanasiddi koraku prayatninchunu. atlu prayathninchina vaariloo okaanokadu Bara nannu yathaarthamugaa telusukona galuguchunnadu. (7:u) bhuumii, jalamu, agni, vayu, aakaasamu, manassu, buddhi, ahankaaramu ani Mon mayashakti yenimidi vidhamulaina bhedamulatho oppiyunnadani grahimpumu. arjuna! Mon kanna goppavaadugaani, goppavastuvugaani, marediyunu yea prapanchamuna ledhu. suutramuna manulu gruchchabadinatlu yea jagamantayu naayandu nikshiptamai Pali. (7:7) bhoomiyandu sugandhamu, agniyandu tejamu, yella bhutamula yandu ayuvu, tapassula yandu thapassu nenugaa erugumu. (7:9) parda! trigunaatmakamu, daivasambandamagu Mon maaya atikramimparaanidi. kanni nannu saranujochina variki yea maaya sulabhasadhyamu. (7:14) aartulu, jignaasulu, ardhakaamulu, ghnaanulu anu nalaugu vidhamulaina punhyaatmulu nannaasrayinchuchunnaa. (7:16) gnaanasampannudaina manavudu anek janmamulettina pimmata vignaaniyai nannu saranamunonduchunnadu. (7:19) yevadu antya kaalamuna nannu smarinchuchu shariiramunu vadaluchunnado, vaadu nannee chenduchunnadu. (8:5) arjuna! yevadu abhyaasayogamuto, ekaagrachittamuna divyaroopudaina mahapurushuni smarinchuno, attivaadu aa paramapurushune chenduchunnadu. aa mahapurushude sarvajnudu, puranapurushudu, prapanchamunaku sikshakudu, anuvukanna anuvu, anoohyamaina roopamu kalavaadu, suuryakaanti tejomayudu, agnaanaandhakaaramuna kanna itarudu. (8:8,9) indriyagocharamu kanni parabrahmapadamu saasvatamainadi. punarjanma rahitamaina aa uttamapadame paramapadamu. (8:21) jagattunandu sukla, krishnamulanedi remdu maargamulu nityamulugaa nunavi. andu modati maargamu valana janma raahityamu, rendavadaani valana punarjanmamu kaluguchunnavi. (8:26) yogiyainavadu vedadhyayanamu valana, yagnatapodaanaadula valana kalugu punhyaphalamunu aasimpaka utthamamaina braham padavini pondagaladu. (8:28) parda! pralayakaalamunandu sakala praanulunu, naayandu leenamaguchunnavi, marala kalpaadiyandu sakala praanulanu nene srushtinchuchunnaanu. (9:7) e manavudu sarvakaala sarvaavasthalayandunu nannee dhyaaninchuchunduno, attivani yogakshemamulu nene vahinchuchunnaanu. (9:22) yevadu bhaktito anaku patramainaanu, pushpamainanu, phalamainanu, udakamainanu phalapeksharahitamugaa samarpinchuchunnado, atti vaanini neenu preethitho sweekarinchuchunnaanu. (9:26) parda! naayandu manassu lagnamuchesi yellakaalamu yandu bhakti shraddalatho sthirachittudavai pujinchitineeni nannee pondagalavu. (9:34) kashyapadi mehrishi saptakamu, sanakasanandanadulu, swayambhuuvaadi manuvulu naavalanane janmimchiri. pimmata vaarivalana ellalokamandali samasta bhootamulu janminchunu. (10:6) panditulu naayandu chittamugalavaarai nayande thama praanamulunchi Mon mahimanubhava meringi okarikokaru upadesamulu gaavinchukonuchu brahmanandamu nanubhavinchuchunnaaru. (10:9) samastabhootamula manassulandunna paramaathma swaroopudanu nene. vaani utpatthi, pempu naasamulaku nene kaarakudanu. (10:20) vedamulalo saamavedamu, devatalalo devendrudu, indriyamulalo manassu, pranulandari buddhi nene. (10:22) rakshasulalo prahladudu, ganikulalo kaalamu, mrugamulalo simhamu, pakshulalo garuthmanthudu nene. (10:eay) lokamunandu aishwaryayuktamai, paraakramayuktamai, kaantiyuktamaina samasta vastuvulu Mon tejobhagamu valananee sambhavamulu. parda! divyamulai, naanaavidhamulai, anek varnamulai, anek visaeshamulu gala Mon swaswaroopamunu kanulara darsimpumu. (11:5) prabho krishna! dhevaa! elladevatalu, ellapraanulu, brahmaadulu, rusheeshwarulu, vasuki modalagugaagala yella sarpamulu neeyandu anaku gocharamaguchunnavi. eshwara! ny vishwaroopamu anek baahuvulatoe, udaramulato, mukhamulatho oppiyunnadi. atlayyu ny aakaaramuna aadyanta madhyamamulanu gurtimpajaalakunnaanu. koralache bhayankaramai, pralayagni samaanamulaina ny mukhamulanu chuuchutavalana anaku dikkulu teliyakunnavi. cana prabho! Mon yandu dayamunchi anaku prasannudavu kammu krishna! prasannudavu kammu. (11:15,16,20) arjuna! yea prapanchamunella nashimpajeyu balishtamaina kaalaswaroopudanu nene. yea yuddhamunaku siddapadinavaarini neevu champakunnanu bratukagala vaarindevvarunu laeru. (11:32) ippatike drona, bhiishma, jayadradha karnadi yoddha viirulu naache samharimpabadiri. eeka migilina satruveerulanu neevu samharimpumu. (11:34) anek bhujamulu gala ny vishwaroopamunu upasamharinchi, kireetamu, gada, chakramu dharinchina ny sahaja sundaramaina swaroopamunu darsimpa goruchunnanu krishna... (11:46) arjuna! neevu darsinchina yea Mon swaroopamunu evvarunuu chudajalaru. yea vishwaroopamunu darsimpa devatalandarunu sadhaa koruchunduru. (11:52) yavaru nayande manassu lagnamu chessi, shraddhaabhaktulatoo nannu dhyaaninchuchunnaaro attivaaru anaku preetipaatrulu. vaare utthama purushulu. (12:2) abhyaasayogamu kanna jnaanamu, jnaanamu kanna dhyanamu, daanikanna karmaphalatyaagamu shreshtamu. atti tyaagamu will samsara bandhanamu tolagi, mokshaprapti sambhavinchuchunnadi. (12:12) yevadu koorikalu laenivaadai, pavitrudai, pakshapaatarahitudai, bhayamunu viidi, karmaphalatyagiyai anaku bhaktudaguno, attivaadu anaku mikkili preetipaatrudu. (12:16) satrumitrulayandunu, maanaavamaanamulayandunu, sheetoshna sukha dukkhaadulayandunu samabuddhi kaligi sangarahitudai, nityasantustudai, chalinchani manassu galawadai, Mon yandu bhaktipravattulu chepu manavudu anaku preetipaatrudu. arjuna! dhehamu kshetramaniyu, dhehamu neriginavadu kshetrajnudaniyu peddalu cheppuduru. (13:1) aatmagnaanamunandu manassu lagnamu chaeyuta, mokshaprapti yandu drusti kaligiyunduta ghnaanamaargamulaniyu, vaniki itaramulainavi agnaanamu laniyu cheppabadunu. (13:11) prakruthini ‘maaya’ yani yanduru. adi sareera sukhadukkhaadulanu teliyajeyunu. kshetrajnudu, aa sukhadukkhaadulanu anubhavinchuchundenu. (13:20) sariiramu nasinchinanu, thaanu nashimpaka, yevadu samasta bhootamulandunna parameshwaruni chuuchunoo, wade yeriginavadu. (13:27) arjuna! gunanasarahitudainavaadu paramaathma, atti paramaathma dehaantargudayyenu. karmalanacharinchuvadu kaadu. (13:31) parda! suryudokkade yella jagattulanu e vidhamugaa prakaasimpa jeyuchunnado, aa vidhamugaane kshetrajnudu yella dehamulanu prakaasimpajeyuchunnaa. (13:eay) ghnaanaarjanamuna mahaneeyulaina rusheeswarulu mokshamunu pondiri. atti mahattaramaina jnaanamunu niku upadesinchuchunnaanu. (14:1) arjuna! prapanchamuna janminchu ella caracara samuuhamulaku prakruthi talli vantidhi. neenu (paramaathma) thandri vantivaadanu. arjuna! trigunamulalo satvagunamu nirmalamagutanjesi, sukha ghnaanaabhilaashala chetha, aatmanu dehamunandu bandhinchu chunnadi. (14:6) oa kaunteya! rajo gunamu korikalayandu abhimaanamu, anuraagamu puttinchi, aatmanu bandhinchuchunnadi. agnaanamu valana buttunadi tamogunamu, adi sarvapraanulanu mohimpajeyunadi. aa gunam, manujuni aalasyamutoonu, ajaagrattatoonu, nidratoonu baddhunijeyunu. maanaavamanamulayandu, satrumitrulayandu samamaina manassu galavaanini trigunaatiitudanduru. brahmame muulamugaa nikrushtamaina ahankaaramu kommalugaa gala ashwarthavrukshamu anaadi ayinadi. atti samsaaravrukshamunaku vaedamulu aakulu vantivi. attidaani neringinavade vedaardhasaara meringinavaadu. punaraavrutti rahitamaina mokshapadhamu, suryachandraadula prakaasamuna kateetamai, Mon utthama pathamai yunnadi. dehulandu jatharaagniswaroopudai, varu bhujinchu bhakshya, bhojya, choshya, lehya padaarthamula jeernamu cheeyuchunnaanu. parda! sahasamu, vorpu, dhairyamu, shuddi, itharulanu vanchimpakunduta, kavaramu laekunduta modalugu gunamulu daivansha sambhootulakundunu. atle dambamu, garvamu, abhimaanamu, krodhamu, katheenapu mataladuta, avivekamu, modhalagu gunamulu raakshasaamsamuna buttina vaarikundunu. qama, crodha, lobhamulu aatmanu naasamunu chaeyunu. avi narakapraaptiki hethuvulu kavuna, vaanini vadhali veyavalenu. saastravishayamula nanusarimpaka yichaamaargamuna pravartinchuvaadu sukhasiddulanu pondajaaladu. paramapadamunandajaaladu. jeevulaku gala shradda, poorvajanmavaasanaabalamu valana labhyamu. adi rajasamu, saatvikamu, taamasamulani muudu vidhamuluga nunavi. satvagunulu devatalanu, rajogunulu yaksharaakshasulanu, tamogunulu bhoothapretaganambulanu shraddhaabhaktulatoo poojinchuchunduru. itharula manassula noppimpanidiyu, priyamu, hitamulatho koodina satyabhaashanamu, vedaadyana monarchuta, vaachakatapassani cheppabadunu. jyotishtomadi karmala nacharimpakunduta sanyaasamaniyu, karmaphalamu, eshwaraarpana monarchuta tyaagamaniyu peddalu cheppuduru. karmamulu priyamulu, apriyamulu, priyaati priyamulani muudu vidhamulu. karmaphalamu koorinavaaru janmaantaramulandu aa falamulanu ponduchunnadu. korani varu aa falamulanu janmaantaramuna pondajaalakunnaaru. arjuna! karmamokshamaargamula, kartavya bhayabhayamula, bandhamokshamula, e ghnaanameruguchunnado adi satvaguna samudbhanamani erugumu. eswarudu yella bhootamulaku niyamakudai, praanula hridaya mundannavadai, antragaadu bommalanadinchu reetigaa praanula bhramimpajeyuchunnadu. samasta karmala naakarpinchi, nannee saranubondina ella paapamula nundi ninnu vimuktuni gaavintunu. neevu chintimpakumu. yevadu paramotkrashtamainadiyu, paramarahasyamaina yea geetaasaastramunu Mon bhaktulakupadesamu cheyuchunnado vaadu mokshamuna karhudu. dhananjaya! paramagopyamaina yea geetaasaastramunu chakkaga vintiva? ny sghaana janitamaina avivekamu nasinchinadaa? krishna! achyuta! Mon avivekamu ny dhyavalana tolagenu. anaku sugnaanamu labhinchindi. anaku sandehamulanniyu tolaginavi. ny agnanu sirasaavahinchedanu. yogishwarudaina sreekrushnudu, dhanurdaariyagu arjuna, echata nunduro, achhata sampadha, vijayamu, aishwaryamu, sthiramagu neethi yumdunu.geetaasaastramunu yavaru patinthuro varu bhayashokaadi varjitulai vyshnu saayujyamunu ponduduru. ivi kudaa chudandi mahabharathamu gtaa jainti hinduism mathamu kurukshetra sangramam shree krishnudu bhagavadgeeta yathaathathamu vidyaarthulaku paatyaamsamgaa bha‌ga‌va‌dgeeta wikisource‌loo unna bhagavadgeeta paataaniki adhyaayaala prakaaram linkulu arjunavishaada yogah -- (samskrutamu) (telegu) saankhya yogah -- (samskrutamu) (telegu) karma yogah -- (samskrutamu ) (telegu) gnaana yogah -- (samskrutamu ) (telegu) karmasanyasa yoga: -- (samskrutamu) (telegu) aatmasamyama yogah -- (samskrutamu ) (telegu) gnaanavignaana yogah -- (samskrutamu) (telegu) aksharaparabrahma yogah -- (samskrutamu) (telegu) rajavidyaaraajaguhya yogah -- (samskrutamu) (telegu) vibhuti yogah -- (samskrutamu) (telegu) vishwaroopa sandarsana yogah -- (samskrutamu) (telegu) bakthi yogah -- (samskrutamu) (telegu) kshetrakshetragravi yogah -- (samskrutamu) (telegu) gunatrayavibhaaga yogah -- (samskrutamu) (telegu) purushottamaprapti yogah -- (samskrutamu) (telegu) daivaasurasampadvibhaaga yogah -- (samskrutamu) (telegu) shraddaatrayavibhaaga yogah -- (samskrutamu) (telegu) mokshasanyasa yogah -- (samskrutamu) (telegu) moolaalu yea vyasam rachanaloo upayuktamaina vanarulu srimadbhagavadgeeta - tatvavivechanee vyaakhya - rachana: jayadayal goyandaka - gtapress, gorakh‌puur pracurana (2002) bhagavadgeeta yathaathathamu - rachana: e.sea.bhaktivedanta prabhupaada rachana - pracurana: bhaktivedanta boq‌trustee, haidarabadu (2006) shree madandhra sampuurnha mahabharathamu - bommakanti vaenkata subramanian shastry, kompella venkataramasastri - pracurana: gollapoodi veeraswamy sons, Rajahmundry (2001) srimadbhagavadgita parichayam - sankalanam: baalagangaadhara pattnaik, deepasikha, odisha - shree shanthi asramam, toorpugodaavari jalla - internet aarchiivuloo labhyam bayati linkulu bhagavadgeeta https://web.archive.org/web/20161027062530/http://www.thraithashakam.org/publications/telugu/pdf/Thraitha-Siddhantha-Bhagavadgeetha.pdf bhagavadgeeta modati bhaagamu bhagavadgeeta telegu pdf and mp3 download for free (telegu) -> shree dayaananda ponnaala raajayogi, srimadraamadugu sivaraamadeekshita achala gurupeetha raajayoga aashramamu, secunderabadu. bhagavadgeeta rendava bhaagamu -> (telegu) -> shree dayaananda ponnaala raajayogi, srimadraamadugu sivaraamadeekshita achala gurupeetha raajayoga aashramamu, secunderabadu. bahu bhashalalo bhagavadgeeta -- pramukha samakaalika vyaakhyaanaalato samskrutamu --> inglishu-- svami bhaktivedanta prabhupaada (iscon/harerama harekrishna) pratipadaartha, tatparya, vyakhyaanaala sahitamu (inglishu) krishna.kalm nundi bhagavadgeeta (inglishu) sreemadh jugnauth daas gaari vyakhyanamu (inglishu) bhagavadgeeta loo prema tattvamu, ekanath eshwaran gaari vyakhyanamu (inglishu) svami chinmayananda anuvaadamu vyakhyanamu (inglishu) sar edvin arnald anuvaadamu (inglishu) kashinath tryambak telang anuvaadamu (inglishu) mahaathmaagaandhi anuvaadamu/vyakhyanamu (inglishu) ''20080822191918/http://www.atmajyoti.org/gi_bhagavad_gita_intro.asp svami nirmalaanandagiri anuvaadamu, paadukovadaaniki veeluga daa. ramanand prasad gaari anuvaadamu sanderson beck anuvaadamu svami tapasyaananda anuvaadamu pramahamsa svami sivananda sarasvathi vyakhyanamu viliam cohn judgi anuvaadamu bhaktivedanta naryana maharajs anuvaadamu vyakhyaanaalu 6 vyakhyaanaalu - aadisankara, ramanuja, sridhara swamy, madhusudhana sarasvathi, vishwanatha chakraverthy, baladeva vidyaabhuushanha (inglishu loo vraayabadina samskrutha vyakhyaanaalu) bhaktivedanta prabhupaada gaari bhagavadgeeta parichaya vyakhyanamu svami nirmalaanandagiri vyakhyanamu vladimir antanov vyakhyanamu govinda leelaamrutamu: shreela bhaktivedanta naryana maharaju bhagavadgeeta : devuni arjuna sambhaashanhalu pramahamsa yogananda vyakhyanamu shree aurobindo vyasamulu vinandi(audeo) Verses in Sanskrit, transliteration, Hare Krishna-influenced translations and accompanying chants in Realaudio Recitation of verses in Sanskrit (MP3s) Bhagavad Gita Sung in English, in streaming Realaudio The Gita read in English. Streaming audio for each chapter. (Translation: A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada) Bhagavad Gita Online Classes by Swami Satyananda Saraswati Bhagavad Gita in 6 Languages Bhagavad Gita Lectures in English (MP3) avy, ivi Vedantic commentary on the Gita International Gita Society Gita4free.com Geeta Kavya Madhuri: Samples of metered translation into Hindi verse by Prof. Rajiv Krishna Saxena An article in Hindi about the cycles of origin and destruction of universe as explained in Bhagavad-Gita bhagavadgeeta puraanhaalu himduumatam yea vaaram vyasalu

dhurjati shree krishnadevarayala ashtadiggajaalalo okadu. kalahastishwara bhakthudu. etanini peddha dhurjati ani antaruu, endhukante idhey paerutoe each naluguru dhoorjatulu unnare. dhurjati 16va sataabdamu Uttar bhagamulo 1480 nundi 1545 varku jiivinchi undavachani bhavistunaaru. eeyana aaaat pottapi seema loni, prasthutham Chittoor jillaaloo unna srikalahasti pattanha vaastavyudu. eeyana tallitandrulu singamma, ramnarayan. eeyana taatha peruu jakkaya naryana. viiri paerlanu batti dhurjati janmatha: vaishnavudainaa aa taruvaata kaalamulo goppa sivabhaktudainaadani bhavistunaaru. dhurjati ashtadiggajamulalo pradhaanamainavaadu. bakthi prabandhamaina srikalahasti mahatyam, shaiva satakamaina srikaalahasteeswara shathakam eeyana yokka remdu pradhaana rachanalu. ayah reethulalo ivi mahonnata kaavyaalu. dhurjati cheppinavi, dhoorjatipai cheppabadinavigaa anek chaatuvulu aandhradeshamulo prachaaramulo unnayi. shree kalahastishwara satakamu nundi pudami nninnoka bilva pattramuna nee bujinchi punyambunum badayan; neraka pekku daivambulakum bappul, prasaadambulum, gudumul, doselu, saare sattu, latukul, guggillunum bettuchum jedi yendum gonagaka podu rakata shree kalahastishwara! munu nee buttina puttulenni galavo ? mohambuche nandu j sina karmambula provulenni galavo ? chintinchinamgaana ny jananambeyani yunna waada, nidiye chalimpave ninne gomaana lchina punyambunakum grupaaratudavai shree kaala hastishwara ! santoshinchiti jaale jaalu ratirajadwara soukhyambulan saantimbonditi jaale jaalu bahurajadwara soukhyambulan saantimbondedam joopu brahmapadarajadwara soukhyambu ni shhintan santunda naudu ny karunache shree kalahastishwara! shree kalahasti mahaatmyamu nundi praetalu medi gappin grupaamati norchiti, neechu pottunan bratimeyin mesangitivi, bhaktundu kunten bampoapoti, mai puth yonarchukonti sava bhooti, gapalamunan bhujinchi, thee rothalu pekkulunda nivi royuduve, yeaka bhaktavatsala!" oa saami ituvante konda darilo, nontimblule, singamul gassim bettedu kutra nattadavilo, galjuvvi creeneeda, naa yasam gattiti vetigadda nilu? neevaakonnako gudu ny lle suttambulu decchi pettedaru? neekindetike lingama moolaalu velupali lankelu telegu kavulu shathaka kavulu vijayanagar samrajya prajalu

ashta diggajaalu antey "yenimidhi dikkula umdae enugulu" ani ardham. hinduism puraanaalaloo yenimidhi dikkulanuu kaapalaa kaastuu yenimidhi enugulu untaayani prathi. ivae ashtadiggajaalu. adae vidhamgaa shree krishnadevarayala aasthaanamlooni yenimidhi mandhi kavulanu ashtadiggajaalu ani antaruu. puraanaalaloo ashtadiggajaalu airavata pundareekam vamanam kumudam anjanam pushpadantam saarvabhoumam suprateekam krushnadevaraayalu aasdhaanamloe vijaya nagara chakraverthy shree krishnadevarayala aasthaanamlooni yenimidhi mandhi kavulu ashtadiggajaalugaa telegu sahiti sampradayamlo prasiddhulayyaru. viiriki Kadapa jillaaloni tippaluru gramanni icchinatlu saasanaadhaaraanni batti telustuundi. suprakhyaatamaina ashtadiggajaalu ashtadiggajamulu evarevarane vishyamai charitrakaarulalo bhinnabhiprayalunna. yea krindhi varu ayi vumdavacchu ani ooka Bodh. allasani peddhana nandy timmana dhurjati maadayyagaari mallana leka kandukuuri rudrakavi ayyalaraju ramabhadhrudu pingalla suurana ramarajabhushanudu (bhattumurthy) tenale ramakrishnudu telegu sahithya paatakullo athantha praacuryam pondina ashtadiggajaalugaa veerike prakhtaati Pali. prajaabaahulyamlo prcharam pondina chaatuvula prakaaram pienunna vaare ashtadiggaja kavulu. viiri Madhya jariginayanna kathaloo, vatiki sambamdhinchina padyaalu vantivi anno unnayi. ashtadiggajala girinchi telugunata ennochotla vistaaramgaa jarigee saahityaroopakamloonuu viiri paatrale vastuuntaayi. aithe parisodhakullo vaerae perlu kudaa prachaaramlo unnayi. ashtadiggaja kavula gurinchina parisoedhanalu raayalu sarasvathi peethaanni pariveshtinchi enamanduguru kavulu kurchonevarani katha Pali. krushnadevaraayalu aasdhaanamloe ashtadiggajaalugaa mannanalandukonna yea enimidimandii nijanga telegu kavulena, vaari perlu pai jabitalonivena annana vishayampai sahiti charitrakaarulalo bhinnabhiprayalunna. pingalla lakshmikantam yea vishayampai ila parisilincharu . kumara dhurjati vraasina krishnaraya vijayamu aney grandhamlo sarasa sahithya visphurana monaya saara madhurokti maadayagaari malla naryudala yallasani peddanaaryavarundu mukku timmana modalaina mukhya kavulu aney padyam Pali. ashtadiggajaalalo aiduguri perlu nishchayangaa cheppavachchunu - allasani peddhana : krushnaraayalaku aaptudu. tana krutini rayalaku ankitamicchaadu. nandy timmana : tana krutini rayalaku ankitamicchaadu. raayala vamsamutoe timmana vamsamunaku puurvamunundi anubandhamunnadi. nandy mallaya, ghanta singayalu thulhuva vamsamunaku aasdhaana kavulu. ayyalaraju ramabhadrudu : intani sakalakathaasaara sangrahamunu raayala yaanatipai aarambhinchinatlu, raayala kaalamlo adi puurtikaanatlu peetikalo thelusthunnadi. ramabhyudayamu mathram raayala anantaram vraasi raayala menalladu aliya ramarajuku ankitamicchaadu. dhurjati : raayala aasdhaanamloe mannanalu andukonnadu. dhurjati tammuni manumadu kumara dhurjati vraasina krishnaraya vijayamlo yea wasn cheppabadindi. janasruti kudaa induku anukuulamgaanae Pali. maadayagaari mallana : ithadu ashta diggajaalalo okadani cheppadaniki kudaa kumara dhurjati rachanaye aadhaaram. mallana tana grandhaanni kondaveety durgaadhipati, thimmarusu alludu ayina nadendal appaamaatyunaku ankitamicchaadu. yea aiduguru kaaka thakkina muvvuri perlu nirnayinchadaniki tagina adharalu leavu. oohalalo unna perlu - (1) taallapaaka chinnanna (2) pingalla suurana (3) tenale ramakrishnudu (4) kandukuuri rudraiah (5) raamaraaja bhushanudu (6) edapati errana (7) chintalpudi ellana. yea wasn nirnayinchadaniki vaadadagina pramaanaalu ... athanu raayala samakaalikudayyundaali raayala aasdhaanamloe pravesam kaligi vundali ila chusthe taallapaaka chinnanna (paramayogi vilaasamu, ashtamahishi kalyaanamu vento grandhamula rachayita) bahusa taallapaaka annamaiah koduko, manumado kaavalenu. ithadu raayala samakalikudu kaavachhunu. ashtadiggajaalalo okadaiyunde avaksam Pali. kandukuuri rudrakavi raayala sarasvathi mahalu eshaanyamlo koorchonevaadani naanudi. intani nirankusopakhyanamu 1580loo vraayabadinadi anagaa yea kavi chinnatanamulone raayalu gatinchiyundavalenu. aayana raayala aasdhaanamloe praveshinchadaniki manthrulu, taataachaaryulu vantivaarevaruu upakarinchakapovadamto raayala kshurakudaina mangali kondoji dwara cheraarani, manthrula kanna mangali kondojuye goppavaadani keertistuu padyam rasinattu prateeti. yea mangali kondoju krishnarayala maranaanantaram 1542-1565 varakuu rajyanchesina sadasivarayala kaalamlo aayanakuu, asalaina adhikaaram chetilo unna aliya ramarayalaku sannihitha bhrutyudu. badavi pattanha kaapurastudaina mangali timmoju kondoju garu anatu prastaavistuu chaaala daanasaasanaalu unnayi. yea nepathyamlo rudrakavi atani sahakaaramtoonae sadasivarayala koluvuloki vacharani, raayala maranaanantaram kudaa aayana ashtadiggajaallo prakhyaatulaina kondaru kavulu undevarini vaarithone eeyanaku chaatuvullo cheppe sangathi sandarbhaalu edurai undavachani pramukha charitrakaarudu digavalli venkatarama shivarao paerkonnaaru. cry kannadabhoomi cherattu paaschaatya/nrupatipai nokkinta krupa talirchu annana padyamloe rudrakavi vidyanagara vinaasanaanni varninchadamuu induku balamicchindi. ramarajabhushanuni vasucharitra tallikota iddam taruvaata vraayabadinatlugaa anipisthundhi. kanuka intani chinnavayasuloone raayala aasdhaanamloe undadam anoohyam. pingalla suurana jananam raayala maranaaniki 25 samvatsaraalamundu kaavachhunu kanuka atadu kudaa ashtadiggajakavulalo umdae avaksam ledhu. antegaaka suurana tamdriki raayalu nidamaanuuru agrahara icchinatlu thelusthunnadi. tenale ramakrishnakavi kaalam oohinchadam chaaala kashtangaa Pali. udbhataradhya charithra bahusa raayala kalamnati gramtham. panduranga mahaathmyam raayalu taruvaata vraasinadi. yea pariseelananu mugistuu pingalla lakshmikantam chosen vyaakhyalu gamaninchadaginavi - "raayalu sarasvathi mahaluloni enimidimandi kavulu teluguvare kaanakkaraledu. raajaneetiparamgaa vividha bhashalaku, praantaalaku praatinidhyam undiundaali. aayana tenuguraju, aayana rajyamu tenugu rajyamu ayinandunu aasdhaanamloe iidu sdhaanaalu telegu kavulaku labhinchayi. andaruu teluguvaarenani charitrakaarulevarainaa vraayadalachinacho chikkulu vachunu" ivi kudaa chudandi telegu sahityam - raayala yugamu prabhandham moolaalu enugulu

shashtama skandamu anagaa arava skandamu. yea skandaanni, 11, 12, skandaalanu pothana garu rachimpaledu, vaari shishyulaina singayagaaru rachincharu. parisoedhana rachanalaloo yenduku pothana garu yea skandaalu rachinchaledu anedaaniki chaaala chaaala parisoedhanalu chesaru. yea krindhi remdu chaaala mukhyamain abipraayamulu. pothana garu yea nalaugu skandamulanu tana sishyulaku vrayamani icchaaru. raju tanuku bhagavatamunu ankitamu ivvaledani naashanamu cheya poonithe yea nalaugu skandaalu kalipoyinayi.kanuka marala vraasinaaru. antaabaagaane Pali, conei potanagaaru yea bhaagavataanni remdu kattalugaa katti chakkaga bhadraparichaaru. conei remdu kattalaloonuu aduguna unna remdu skandaalu chedhalu chetha naashanamu ainai. andukane vatini vaari sishyulu tirigi vraasinaaru. ihaa yea arava skandamulooni vivaramulu ajaamilopaakhyaanamu ajamiludu ooka brahmanudu. ithanu chakkagaane undevaadu, conei ooka roeju adavilo ooka veshya, kiraatula porthi srungara kridalu chusi ooka veshya dhaggaraku velli bharya, thallidandrulanu nirlakshyamu chestad, conei atanikee vaesyaku puttina kumaruniki naaraayanhudu ani peruu petkuntadu. ithanu mrutyumukhamlo kumarunni pilustu naryana, naryana ani antad, appudu atanini rakshinchadaniki swayangaa vishnuduutalee vachi yamaduutalatoe vaadinchi ajaamiluniki chakkani bodhanalu chestaaru. indulooni itara bhaagaalu dakshuni hamsaguhyam anu stavarajamu narada sabalaasvulaku upadesamulu chaeyuta dakshuni naaraduni saapavruttaantamu devasura yuddhamu srimannarayana kavachamu vrutasura vruttaantamu chitraketupakhaaynamu savitru vamsa pravachanaadi katha himduumatam

bakthi yogamunu girinchi bhagwad geetalo chakkaga vivarinchabadindi. bakthi yogamu paramaatmuni saguna, nirguna roopamulalo daenini aaraadhimpavalenani arjuna prasninchenu. remdunu bhagavanuni cheru margamule ayinanu saguna saakaara upasanaye bhakthulaku anuvyna margamani selavicchenu. aapai bhagavantudu ghnaaniyaina tana bhaktula lakshanamulanu vivarinchenu. bhagavanthuni yedala athantha prema kaligi undadam bakthi anabadutundi. utthama bhakthudu imdriya nigrahamu, sama bhavamu, sarva buthha hitabhilasha kaligi vundali. e praaninii dveshimpaka anni jeevulapatla mytri, karuna kaligi vundali. ahankara mamakaaraalanu vidachipettaali. vorpu, santhushti, nishchala chittamu kaligi vundali. suchi, shradda, karya dahshata kaligi vundali. manobuddhulanu bhagavantuniki arpinchaali. narada bakthi sutralu tommidhi takala bhakthini narada mehrishi bakthi suutraalaloo vivarinchaaru. viitinae navavidhabhaktulu ani pilustharu. sravanamu gaanamu smaranamu paada sevanamu archanamu vandanamu daasyamu sakhyamu aatma nivedanamu saivaachaaryulu vaishnavachaaryulu aalvaarulu godhadevi ramanujacharyulu madhvaacharyulu nimbarka swamy vallabhaachaaryulu raghavendraswamy chaitan Morena Una.sea. bhaktivedanta swamy prabhupaada himduumatam

aalvaarulu ledha alvaarlu (; ) shreevaishnava sampraadaayamloonuu, tamila saahityamloonuu vishishtamaina sthaanam kaligina vyshnu bhakthulu. thama paasuraalato vishnhuvunu keertinchi dakshinhaadina bakthi sampradaayanni parimalimpajesaaru. viiru padina (rachinchina) paasuraalu annii (nalaugu velu) kalipi divya prabandham ledha nalayiram ledha dravida vedha anabadutaayi. bakthi, paaravasyamu, saranaagati - ivi yea alvaarula jeevitamloonuu, rachanalaloonuu, varini gurinchina gaathalaloonuu pramukhangaa kaanavachhe ansaalu. aalvaarulu amdimchina samskruthika vaarasatvam valana vaidika karmalathonu, samskrutabhasha saahityaalatoonuu pragaadamgaa pena vaesukoni poeyina hinduism mathaachaaraalu dakshinhaadina kontha swatantratanu santarinchukonnaayi. kula vyavasthanu tosipuchadam kudaa aalvaarula jeevitamloonuu, shreevaishnava siddhaantaalaloonuu mukhyamaina ansaalu. aalvaarula aunnatyaanni girinchi anno aloukikamaina ghatanalu, mahattulu, nammakalu prachaaramlo unnayi. aalvaarulu andaruu daivansha sambhootulanee, common janaaneekaaniki bhakthini prabodhinchi srimannarayanuni padapadmaalanu cherukone maargaanni upadesinchina mahaneeyulanee pradhaanamiena viswaasam.saivabhaktula charitranugurchi periya puraanhamu anu grandhamutelupunatle vaishnavacharyula charitranu telipedi guruparampara anugranthamu. andu veerini goorchi anekamaina adbhuta kadhalu unnayi. aalvaarulu antey aalvaarulu antey 'daiva bakthi lomunigi unnavaru' ani ardham. varu srimannarayanuni aaraadhanaa sankeertanaadulalo paravasimchi unnanduna variki aalvaarulu annana peruu vacchindi. aalvaarulu anagaa gnaanakhani ani mariyoka ardhamu. maroka vivarana ila unnadi - " bhagavadgunanubhavamu nirargalamugaa swarga gangavale viiri vaakkulanundi dravida basha rupamuna veluvadinanduna viiriki aalvaarulu anu peruu kaliginadi. aalvaaru anina 'kapaduvaru' ani vyutpatti. thama kavitalato viiru manalanu kapadutake avatarinchinaaru. bhagavadanubhava parivaha roopamayina bhaktisaagaramuna munakalu vaichi yandali loetulanu kanugonnavaarani kood yea mataku ardhamu cheppavachchunu. tamapai nammakamu kaligina baddha jiivulanu tamatobatu bhaktirasaamruta sindhuvuna munchi yukkiribikkiri chessi brahmaanandamuna telchuta kood viiriki vennatho bettina vidya". panniddaru aalvaarulu krishna devaraayalu tana aamuktamaalyadalo aalvaarulanu prastutinche prasidha padyam: ala panniddaru suurulandunu samudyalleelagaavunna be ggalikam daanamu baava Mon nija mana:kanjata sanjaata pu shkala maadhveeka jhurin muraari pogiyamgaa jokki dhanyatmulau nila panniddaru suurulam dalatu mokshechamaatim divyulan" dwaadasaadityulu - anagaa pannendu mandhi suuryulu. vaari vedimi thivratha durbharamainadi. aa taapa thivratha tagginchi maanavula hrudayaallooni anhaanaandhakaaram dooram chessi gnaana dipam veliginchadaanike bhuumii medha yea dvadasha dinasuryu lavatarinchaaru. variki pranaamamulu. aalvaarula nandarikee vaari samskrutha naamaalu cheppi sangrahamgaa namaskarinche shlokamidi: bhootam sarascha mahadahwaya bhattanatha shree bhaktisara kulasekhara yogiwahan; bhaktanghri renu parkal yatindra mishran srimatparaankusamunim pranatosmi nityam" yea shlokamlo 11 aalvaarula perlunnaayi - varu (1) poy‌guy yalwar (2) poodattalwar (3) peyalwar (4) perialwar (5) thirumalisai yalwar (6) kulasekharalwar (7) tiruppanalwar (8) tondaradippodi yalwar (9) tirumangai yalwar (10) udayavar (11) nammalwar. udayavar‌ (ramanujacharyulu) nu yea jaabitaalonchi tolaginchi paduguru aalvaarulu anikuudaa antaruu. udayavar badhulu Mathura kavi, godhadevi perlu kudaa jodinchi motham panniddaru aalvaarlani chebuthaaru. ('shree', 'bhaktisara' aney padalanu vidadheesi 'shree' anagaa andal ani kudaa vivarimchadam jarudutundhi. okomaru Mathura kavini kalupakunda andal‌nu Bara jaabitaaku jodinchi panniddaru aalvaarulani lekka kattadam kudaa kadhu. athi saadharanamga cheppabade panniddaru aalvaarulu, vaari samskrutha namamulu ikda ivvabaddaayi. poy‌gayalwar - maroka peruu saroyogi poodattalwar - maroka peruu bhootayogi peyalwar - maroka peruu mahayogi perialwar - maroka peruu bhattanathulu thirumalisai yalwar - maroka peruu bhaktisaarulu kulasekharalwar - maroka peruu kulasekharudu tiruppan‌alwar - maroka peruu munivaahanulu tondaradippodi yalwar - maroka peruu bhaktanghri renuvu thirumangayalwar - maroka peruu parakaalayogi aalvaarukku adian - maroka peruu madhurakavi (shreevaishnava sampradaayaaniki pravartakulaina 'udayavar', 'emberumanar' aney naamaantaraalugala bhagavadraamaanujaachaaryu varini kontamandi madhurakaviki maaruga cherustaaru yea panniddarilo.) aandaal - maroka peruu godhadevi nammalwar - maroka peruu satakopamuni aalvaarula kaalam girinchi nirdhistamina adharalu leavu. viiru dwapara yugantamnundi kaliyugarambham Madhya udbhavinchaarani sampradhaya gaathalu. kanni shaastreeya parisodhakulu viiri kaalam usa.sha. 7va sathabdam - 9va sathabdam madhyakaalamani abhipraayapadutunnaaru. aalvaarula avataranaku sambamdhinchina puraanha gaatha paarvatii parameshwarula kalyaana samayamlo vishwakarmakuu, agastyunakuu jargina vaagvivaadam valana agasthyudu srustinchina dravidabhasha nirasanaku gurai niraadarimpabadindi. aa bhashaku tagina gouravanni punassantarinchadaaniki, agnaanaandhakaaramlo kottumittaadutunna jeevulaku mokshamaargam upadesinchadaanikii dakshinha desamlo avatarinchamani srimannarayanudutana deverulaku, aayudhaalaku, parivaaraaniki, chihnaalakuu adesinchadu. ndhuku anugunamga bhuudeevi godaadevigaanuu, Bundi vary vary aalvaarulugaanuu avatarinchiri. vishnuve sridevi sametudai srirangamu, kamchi, tirumal vento punyakshetraalalo avatarinchi vaari sevalanu andukonnadu. poy‌gayalvaru paanchajanyamu amsha aney, nammaalvaaru vishvaksenuni amsha aney - ila okkokka aalvaaru okkokka vishnusevakuni amsha ani chebuthaaru. samgraha visheshaalu mudalaalvaarulu (poy‌guy yalwar, poodattalwar, peyalwar) aalvaarulalo modativaarainanduna viiru muggurini mudalaalvaarulani antaruu. viiru mugguroo usa.sha. 719 praanthamlo samakaalikulu. okamaaru viiru mugguroo ooka cheekatiraatri varshamlo ooka inti arugumeeda kalasikoni srimannarayanuni dharshanam pondaarani ooka katha Pali. thirumalisai yalwar (tirumalasaayi alwar) usa.sha. 720 praantaaniki chendi undavachhunu. puttuka reetya panchamudu. vaishnavam, bauddham, jainam siddhaantaalalo pandithudu. perumallanu tana mitrunigaa thalachi mangalaasaasanaalu paadaadani chebuthaaru. yea aalvaaru, atani shishyudu Kanchipuram vadhali vellipodaliste aavuuri gudiloni perumaallu tana chaapanu (aadhisheshuni) chuttagaa chuttukoni vaariventa bayaluderadata. yea aalvaaru cheppinatlu cheeyadam valana aa deevuniki 'yadhoktakaari' annana peruu vacchindi. thirumangayalwar (tirumangai aalvaaru) usa.sha. 776 kalamnativadu kaavachhunu. puttuka reetya shoodrudu. puurvaashramamloo srungara Karli. taruvaata bhaktudai perumallanu stutinchaadu. tirumangai alwar choladesamandali tirukkarayalur gramavasi. cholaraju oddha senaadhipatyamu vahinchaadu. kontakaalamunaku dhaanini vadalivesi, desatanaparudai sumaaru 80 punhyasthalamulanu darisinchi vishnusankeertanalanu jesinadu. periya tirumon, tirukkurundandakam tirunedundandakam, chiriya tirumadal, periya tirumadal, tiruvemu kuurirukkai anu shatprabandhamulanu rachinchi, mahakaviyai narkavipperuman, anagaa chaturvidha kavita chakraverthy anuperondinadu. jaina bouddhamataalanu, saivaanni kudaa pratighatinchi vaishnava matavyaaptini hecchugaa saadhimchaadu. ooka bouddhamataalayamu loni swarnavigrahamunu cheripinchi, aasommuto sriranganaadhuni aalayamunaku truteeya praakaaranirmaanamu cheyinchinaadata. saivulu sheva paaramyaanni niroopinchutakai atani dakshinha vaamaangamulayandu braham vyshnu ludbhavinchinaarani cheppinatlugaane, eethadu vishnuve srujinchi, moortitraya rupamulu daalchiviswavyaapti yunnadani, sama damaadulu kaligi dharmamaargamuna ekaika bakthi salpuvare muukti badayagalarani eethadu pratipaadinchaadu. tondaradippodi yalwar (tondaradippodi aalvaaru) usa.sha. 787 praanthamlo srirangamloni nandana vananiki thotamaali. vipranaaraayanudu ani kudaa prasiddudu. damdalu gucchi sriranganaadhuni sevinchi tarinchaadu. tondaradippodi yalwar, perialwar anu vaaralu cholapandya deshasthulu. veerike kramamugaa vipranaaraayanudani, vishnuchittudani naamaantaramulu. tiruppanalwar (tiruppan aalvaaru) usa.sha. 701 prantham vaadu kaavachhunu. urayur‌loo panar ("antaraani jaati" anabadedi) kutumbamlo perigadu. tana andamina paasuraalato perumallanu archinchaadu. padi paasuraalu mathram gala kavya vraasi uttamakavigaa vasikekkinadu. perialwar shree villiputturuku chendinavadu. devadevuni tana biddagaa bhaavimchi mangalaasaasanamulu kirthinchadu. devunike peddha ganuka periyaalvaaru anabaddadu. "pallandu pallandu pallaayirattaandu" aney paasuram dravida vedamlo chaaala mukhyamaina sthaanam kaligi Pali. aandaal "aamukta malyada", "goda divi" ani kudaa anabadee yea talli bhuudeevi avataaramgaa poojimpabadutundi. sriranganaadhuni valachi pelliyaadindani antaruu. eeme padina tiruppavy vaishnava mandiraalalo mukhyamaina sankiirtanaa geyamu. tamila saahityamlo samunnata geyamu. eeme usa.sha. 776 kalaniki chendi undavachhunu. nammalwar - maroka peruu satakopamuni usa.sha. 798 kalamvaadu kaavachhunu. puttuka reetya shoodrudu. aalvaarulalo nammaalvaaruku chaaala vishishtamaina sthaanam Pali. migilina aalvaarulandaruu shareeram, nammaalvaarulu shareeri. jnaani. srivaishnavam dheekshanu teesikonevaaru thama pratuta guruvunundi nammaalvaaru varakuu anjali ghatistaaru. devaalayaalalo 'sathagoepam' pettedam anede yea 'satakopamuni' paerumeeda moodhalayina aachaarame. tana jeevitakaalam antha ooka chintachettu krindane gadipaadu. nammaalvaaru rachinchina nalaugu divya prabandhaaluu nalaugu dravida vedaalugaa prasastamayyaayi. ithadu yogabhyasaparudu. naadhamuni, madhurakavi anuvaaraleetani sishyulu. eethadu vishnusaaramyamunu, sarva vyaapitvamunu mokshadaayakatvamunu goorchi tana rachanalaloo hecchugaa pratipaadinchaadu. eetani kaalamunaku dakshinadesamuna jaina buddhist matamulu ksheenadasanondi saivavaishnavamulaku gala spardhakuda kontha taggipoyinatlu kanabadunu. madhurakavi yalwar ithanu brahmanudu. thakkina aalvaarulu srimannarayanuni keertinchagaa madhurakavi mathram tana guruvaina nammalvarune kirthinchadu. intani gurustotram srivaishnavulaku chaaala mukhyamaina prardhana. kulasekharalwar bhaktunigaa maarna raju. ekuva keertanalalo sriramuni stutinchaadu. tirumala bagare vaakili vaddhanunna mettunu intani paerumeeda kulasekhara padi ani antaruu. divya prabandhaalu aalvaarulu padina paasuraalu annii kalipi nalaugu velu - - yea mothanni nalayiram dravida vedha ledha divya prabandham antaruu. tamila saahityamlo yea geyalaku vishishtamaina sthaanam Pali. vividha aalvaarula paasuraala sanka krindhi jaabitaalo ivvabadindi. padakomdu mandhi aalvaarulu thama paasuraalalo srimannarayanuni divyaavataaramulanu keertinchaaru. kanni madhurakavi aalvaaru mathram tana guruvaina nammalvarune stutinchaadu. aalvaarulu, vaari swasthalaalu, janmanakshatraalu vividha aalvaarula janma sthanamu, varu jiivinchina kaalamu, vaari janma nakshatramu krindhi pattikalo ivvabadinaayi. ivi kudaa chudandi shree vaishnavam ramanujacharyulu http://www.suryaa.com/showNews.asp?category=1&subCategory=13&ContentId=4988 muulamulu tirumal konda padachitraalu - punna krishnamoorthy - pracurana : suryah publicetions, haidarabadu (2002) - aalvaarula kaalam gurinchina samvastaralu yea pustakam nundi teesukonabaddaayi. vanarulu shree tirumangai alwar divyadesa vaibhava prakaasika - kidambi gopala krishnamaachaaryula rachana - ene.v.emle.ene.ramanujacharyula aandhra vivarana divya prabhanda madhuri - kao.ti.emle.narasimhaachaaryulu dvadasha suri charithra - kao.ti.emle.narasimhaachaaryulu alvaaraachaaryula samgraha charithra - paalavancha tirumal gudimella vaenkata lakshmeenrusimhachary parichaya vyasamu bayati linkulu pannirandu aalvaarulu - divyadesam anline alvaarulu , vaishnavam aalvaarulu (ramanuj.org) TamilNadu yokka aalvaaru santulu - jyothsna kamath paramayogi vilaasamu - taallapaaka tiruvengalanadhuni dwipada kavyamu - thi.thi.theey. pracurana - v.vijayaraghavacharya parishkarinchinadi (1938) TamilNadu himduumatam srivaishnavam pramukha vaishnavachaaryulu aalvaarulu hinduism deevathalu

pannendumandi aalvaarlalo okadaina kulasekhara alwar‌ punarvashu nakshatramuna janminchaadu. athanu cheera saamraajyaanni paripalinchadu. goppa raamabhaktudaina athanu ramuni kashtalu tana swantha kashtamulugaa bhavinchevadu. amduvalana atanini ‘perumaalh‌’, (antey ‘athi goppavaadu’ – saadharanamga venkateswaraswamiki upayoegimchae peruu) anikuudaa pilichevaaru. atani bakthi entha teevramainadante swamy bhakthulanu sakshattu swaamivale poojinchevaadu. kodangallur‌loni trikulasekharapuram alayam alwar janmasthalamgaa pariganhinchabadutundi. vaishnava sampradaayalu alwar‌nu paschima theeram (Kerala) chera raja kutumbaaniki chendina rajuga varnistaayi. panditulu kulasekharanu racharika chera nataka rachayita kulasekhara varma mariyu staanu ravi kulasekhara (paalana 844/45 - c. 870/71 AD) thoo gurtincharu, ithanu keralaku chendina tholi chera perumaalh raju.kulasekharudu paschima desamloni vanchilo kali sakam 28loo chera paalakudu drudavratudiki janminchaadu. yuvarajuku yuktavayassu vacchinappudu, atani thandri raajyaanni vidichipetti, praja jeevitam nundi viraminchukunnadu mariyu kothha raju kulasekhara simhaasanaanni adhishtinchu. kulasekharudu vishnumuurthiki goppa bhakthudu. atani daivabhakti entha goppadante, okanoka sandarbhamlo rakshasa raju raavanudu yuvarani seethaadhevini elaa apaharinchaadu aney kathanam jaruguthunnappudu, athanu ventane lankapai dandayatra choose tana sienyaanni rappinchamani aadesaalu jaarii chesudu. maroka sandarbhamlo, vaishnavulapai raju chosen anugrahaniki asuyapadina manthri, bhaktulapai tappudu abhiyogaanni moparu. raju paamulato koodina kundalo tana chethini choppinchi, dhaanini kshemamga bayataku teeyadam dwara vaari amaayakatvaanni nirupinchadu. kulasekharudu taruvaata raajya palananu viraminchukuni pavithra kshetramaina sriramgaaniki teerthayaatra praarambhinchaadu. athanu akada konnaallu gadipi, tana devatanu aaraadhinchaadu mariyu tana kumarte cherakula valli nachiar‌nu shrirangam aalayaniki vivaham chesudu. athanu tana motham sampadanu katnamgaa icchadu, chenivenran mandapaanni nirmimchaadu mariyu aalaya praakaaraanni bagu chesudu (dheenini "kulasekhara tiruveedi" ani pilichevaaru). taruvaata athanu tiruvenkatam, tiruvayodhya, tillai-chitrakootam, thirukannapuram, tirumalirunjoli mariyu tiruvitruvakkod yokka pavithra devaalayaalanu sandharshinchi, chivaraku nammalwar janmasthalamaina tirukkurukuru sameepamloni brahmadesamlo sthirapaddadu (akada athanu aravai edu samvatsaraala vayassuloe maranhichadu). british rock Banda kula shaker peruu kulasekhara nundi preranha pondindi. athanu srirangamulo nivasistuu akkadi aalayamulo ranganaatha swamy sevachestundevadu.eeyana venkateswaraswamini ny garbagudi mundhu gadapagaa nayna padivunde varameeyamani adigithe swamy tathaastu annarata. naetikii tirumala garbagudi dwaaraanikunna gadapani 'kulasekhara padi' ani antaruu. ithadu mukundamaala anu bakthi stotraanni samskruthamloo rachinchadu. rachanalu kulasekhara tamilamlo "perumaalh tirumoli" mariyu samskruthamloo " mukundamaala ", rachayita. kulasekhara alwar yokka padyaalu prakruthilo bhaktito kuudukunnavi, vishnhuvu - ramudu mariyu krishnudi yokka athantha mukhyamaina avataaraalaku ankitham cheyabaddaayi. vaari jeevitamlooni sanghatanalalo athanu anek paatralatho tananu thaanu gurtinchukuntadu. ramuni bhakthudu, athanu ramudu ledha atani vruddhaapya thandri dasarathuni badhaakaramaina anubhavaalanu tana swantamgaa bhaavinchaadu. atani bakthi entha teevramgaa undhoo, bhakthulanu vyshnu swaroopulugaa aaraadhinchaevaadu. ooka paatalo, athanu krishnudi yokka nijamaina talli devakini gurtinchadu, atani nundi krushnudini gokulaniki teesukellaaru, akada penpudu tallidamdrulu nanada mariyu yasoda atanini choosukunnaaru. kulasekhara tana bidda nundi vidipoyinanduku mariyu atanitho aikyata choose devaki yokka nirjanaanni vyaktham chestad. konni padyaalalo, kulasekharudu krushnuditho preemaloo unna gopikato tananu thaanu gurtinchukuntadu. ivi kudaa chudandi kulasekhara maheepaala charitramu moolaalu Source: Naalaayira divya prabhandham: Commentary by. Dr. Jagadrakshakan. (1997). Aazhvaargal Research Centre, Chennai 600017. mukundamaala aalvaarulu pramukha vaishnavachaaryulu

tirumangai Alwar nu tirumangai mannan ani kudaa pilustharu. dakshinha bharathadesamlooni 12 mandhi aalvaarulalo chivarivaadu. athanu hinduism matham yokka vaishnava sampradaayaaniki anubandhamgaa gurthimpu pondadu. athanu padhyaala kuurpuloo athantha unnathamaina alvaarlalo okanigaa pariganinchabaddaadu. atanaki adbuthamaina kavita "narkavi perumaalh" aney birudu Pali. atanaki parakaalayogi ani kudaa pilustharu. jeevita visheshaalu athanu kaliyuga praarambhamlo 397 samvatsaramunaku sariyagu "nala" naama samvathsara vruschika (kartika) masa sukla paksha poornima guruvaaramuna kruttika nakshatramuna "tirukkeriyal" anu divyadesamunandu janminchaadu. atanaki tana thandri ""neelanirattar" ani naamakaranam Akola. athanu padmaamsamuna janminchina kumudavalli naachiyaarlanu vivahamu chesikonnadu. ndhuku athanu shreevaishnava aaraadhananu nirvahinchuchuu pooje dravyamulakai dongathanamu cheeseevaadu. atanini pareekshimpadalachi pemdli kumaaruni veshamulo vacchina shreemahaavishnuvuni kudaa dochi swamy paadasparsachae gnaanoodayamu pondhenu. athanu "naane‌kandu konden naryana venrum namam" ani tirumantramunu prakashimpajesiri. athanu thama shishyulatho kalsi divyadesa sanchaaramu chaeyuchu perumaallaku mangalaasaasanamu cheyuchundiri. vedabaahyulaina jaina bouddhaadulanu jayinchi aa dravyamutho sriranganathulaku mani mantapa praakaaraadulu nirminchiri. viiru nammaalvaarlu anugrahinchina chaturveda saarabhootamaina naalgu prabandhamulaku shadangamulugaa aaruprabandhamulanu anugrahinchiri. veerivaibhavamu vachamagocharamu. dhaanini guruparampara prabhaavaadi grandhamulalo sevimpavachhunu. moolaalu vanarulu . himduumatam aalvaarulu pramukha vaishnavachaaryulu

madhurakavi 6va sataabdamu nundi 9va sataabdamula Madhya dakshinha bhaaratadaesamuloe jiivinchina vaishnava sadhuvu, krutikarta. eeyana nalairum (naaluguvela) divyaprabandhamulo tana guruvaina nammaalvaarunu stutistuu 11 paasuraalanu rachinchadu. eeyana pannendu mandhi aalvaarulalo okadugaa bhaawistaaru. madhurakavi nammaalvaaru kante mundhey puttinanduvalana eyannu nammalwar levakamunde, suryudu udayinchemundu stutistaaru. saampradaya kadhalalo eyannu bagaa chaduvukunna, sangeetagnaanamunna, loekam thirigina braahmanunigaa chebuthaaru. eeyana nammaalvaaru rachanalaku sangeethaanni samakuurchadu. tholi jeevitam madhurakavi aalvaaru, aalvaaru tirunagari oddha tirukkoluru aney divyadesamlo chaitramasamlo chitra nakshathramulo ooka braahmanha kutumbamulo janminchaadu. yea divyadesamulo perumaalu vaitamaanidhi (ananath dhanarashi bhandaramu) gaaa velasaadu. madhurakavi aalvaaru vaedaalanu kshunnamgaa adhyayanam chesudu. antekaka tamila, samskrutha bhashalalo pandithudu. eeyana bhagavanthuni stutistuu anek sankeertana rachinchadu. jeevitamulooni ooka dhasaloo eeyana anni samsaarabandhaalanu thyajinchi, mokshasaadhanakai krushichaesaadu. yea prayatnamulo bhaagangaane uttaraadilooni divyadesaalaina Ayodhya, mathura modalaina pradheeshaalanu sandarsinchaadu. moolaalu aalvaarulu pramukha vaishnavachaaryulu

aandaal ledha godhadevi, shree vishnuchittulaku poolathotalo labhinchina kumarte. eemenu vishnuchittula dampatulu chaaala allaarumuddugaa penchukunnaru. yukta vayassuloe vacchina taruvaata goda divi, sreevaaru ayina ranganathudine tana patigaa pomdaalani talachindi. vishnuchittulavaaru pratiroju swaamivaariki poolamaalalu alankaranagaa tisukoni velhlhaevaaru, ayithe vatini godhadevi mundhey dharinchi taruvaata swaamivaariki pampinchasaaginadi, oa roeju yea rahasyam thandri ayina vishnuchittulavaariki thelisi chaaala dukkinchi swaamivaariki maalaadhaarana kaavincharu, daanitho swamy moham chinnabotundi, dheenikanthatikee tana kumarte tappidame kaaranami chaaala chaaala badhapaduthunte swaamivaaru vishnuchittulatoe ademi ledanee, antey kakunda ihaa pratiroju tanuku godhadevi dharinchina maladharane kaavalani aadesistaaru, daanitho vishnuchittulavaaru alaage chestaaru. taruvaata goda ammavaru, tana thoti baalikalatoe kalisi "tiruppavu" vrataacharana chestaaru. aa taruvaata swaamivaari aadesaanusaaram godadeviki, ranganathaswamy vaariki vivaham jarudutundhi, vivaahaanantaram godhadevi aa chidvilasunilo leenamavutundi, adi chusi vishnuchittulavaaru dukkitulayite swamy vishnuchittulaku ghnaanopadesanchesi maaya nundi velupalaki raavadaaniki saayam chestaaru. godhadevi vrataacharana samayamlo rachinchina tiruppavy chaaala prasiddhamainadhi. dheenini dhanurmasamlo pratiroju, vishnhuvu yokka aalayamloo rojukokka paasuram choppuna pathistaaru. moolaalu aalvaarulu pramukha vaishnavachaaryulu

srivarahamurthy, varahavataramu, woah swamy (Varaha incarnation) - evanni shreemahavishnuvu mudava avataaramunu varnhimchae namamulu. hinduism puraanaala prakaaram trimuurtulaloo vishnhuvu lokapalakudu. saadhuparirakshanakookae, dushtasikshana koru aayana anno avataaraalalo yugayugana avataristaadu. alaanti avataaraalalo 21 mukhya avataaraalanu ekavinsati avataaramulu antaruu. vaanilo athimukhyamaina 10 avataaraalanu dasavataralu antaruu. yea dasavataralalo mudava avataaramu varahavataramu. mahalakshmini sambodhinche "shree" padaanni cherchi srivarahamurthy ani yea avataara muurtini smaristaaru. varaahaavataaram hiranaakshudini chanpi, bhumini uddharinchi, vedamulanu kaapaadina avataaramu. swamy praarthanalalo okati: aadata woah muurti, yagnavaraaha muurti, mahaa suukaram ani naamaalu kudaa unnayi. tirumal kondalapai modhata velasina swamy veerey, viiri anumatitone venkateshwarudu akada nivasamu erpaatuchesukunnaaru. rakshasunito bhayankaramgaa iddam chessi, chakrayudhamtho vaanini samharinchi, bhuumaatani jalamu pai nilipina swamy, vaedaalanu raakshasula baarinundi rakshinchina swamy. bhagavata puraanha gaadha mahapralayam mahapralayam sambhavinchindi. bhuumii jalamlo munigipoyindi. braham chintakranthudai nikhila jagattunu kalpanachesanu. swaayambhuva manuvu nivasinchenduku aadhaarabhootamaina bhuumii ippudu lekunda poyinde ani bhaavistuu, sarvabhuutaamtaraatmudaina pundareekaakshuni smarinchasaagaadu. dhyaan nimagnudaina braham naasika (mukku) nunchi, botanavelu parimaanamunna varahamga shrihari vishwambharoddhaaranakai janminchaadu. mareechaadi munulu, manuvu kumaarulu chustundagaane, kshanam lopala enuganta pramaanam perigi chuse variki adbhutaascharyamulu kaliginchaaru. viswambharoddharana parvam pralhaya kaalamandhu aavarinchina dattamaina meegha garjanala vento ghurguraaraavambulatho brahmaandamu pai pemku pagulunatula, dikkuladarunatlu, aakaasapu poralanu cheelchunatlu, roppuchuu parvatamulu pekalinchuchu, mutte bigiyinchuchu, musamusa moorikonuchunna yagnavaraahamoorthini braham sthuthinchenu. "dhevaa... sanakasanandanadula shaapa vasamuna jaya vijayulu diti garbhana hiranyaksha, hiranyakasipulai janminchi unnare. hiraanyaakshudu nedu akhilaloka kantakudai, chanda vedanda sundadanda manditha bhujaadandabuna gadaadandambu dhariyinchi, tananu yuddhamulo odinchagala vaadini bhuuloekamuna gaanaka, devalokamula devatalanodinchadu. varununi dandimpa buuna atadu niku sari hariye. atani gelichi rammannadu. hiranyakshudu nikai vedakuchuu rasaatalamunaku pooyaadu.... ani braham vivarinchaadu. mahaa parvatamanta perigina varaahamuurthi aa palukulu viny yagnavaraahamoorthi yanu sarveshwarudu, praataarmadhyandina truteeya savanaroopundu, mahaa pralayambunandu yoganidravasundai yundu kaalamandhu jalamula munigi, bhuumii rasaatalagatambainanduna, dhaanini pyki teesukuvachhe upaayamlo bhaagamgaa thaanu mahaa parvatamantagaa perigipoyaadu. aa piena tana nisita karalakshura teekshambulaina khuragrambula samudra jalamunu chilchi rasaatalamunu pravaesinchi bhumini sameepinchenu. aa jala madyamlo suukaraakaarudaina hariki hiranyakshudu edurayyaadu. appudu shrihari tana tanuu kaantitoo danujaadheesudaina hiranyaakshuni shariirapu velugunu harimpajesenu. antekaka thudhi modallaku chikkaka, kondalanu pindicheyuchu, brahmaanda bhandambu pagulunatlu kommulatho gucchuchuu, saptha samudramulinkunatlu bankamattini egajimmuchu, tana kurucha thokanu tippuchu, guppinchi laghinchuchu, bhumini thavvi tana nisita dantaagramula nilipi rakshasa raju gundelu talladillunatlu ranotsaamuna rankelu vesthu aa varaahamuurthi rananiki siddhamayyaaru. yagnavaraaha-hiranyaakshula samaram nisita sita dantamula velugulu ningini vyaapimpa, rasaatalamunu viidi bhayankara varaahaavataaramuna vasundharanu gonipovuchunna sriharini atunitu addaginchuchu, nindinchuchu hiraanyaakshudu viduvidumani aakshepinchaadu. appudu yagnavaraahamoorthi bhumini jalamulapai niluvabetti aadharamugaa tana balamunu unchi, hiraanyaakshunipai samaramunaku sannaddhudaayenu. hiranyakshudu athi bhayankarakarudai gada saarinchi maadhavunedurkonnaadu. iruvuru anyonya jaya kaankshalatoo, paraspara sundadanda ghattita madhaandha gandha sindhura yugambulavale, rosha bheeshanachopambulam talapada bebbulavale, athi darpatirekambuna nedarchi rankelu veyu mada vrushambhula vale poradiri. nistejudaina hiranyakshudu hiranyaakshuni gada, shoolamu shrihari dheeratvam eduta vrudhaa ayyaayi. daamtoe hiraanyaakshudu roshoddharudai maayaa yuddhamu praarambhinchaadu. bheekara paashaana purisha mootra ghana durgandha asthi raktamulu kuriyunatlu maayaa chakramunu bhuuchakramupai pryoginchadu. shrihari tana chakramutho maayaa chakraanni addaginchaaru. tana maayalanniyu krutaghnuniki chosen upakaaramuvale panicheyakapovuta gamaninchina hiranyakshudu varaahamuurtipai langhinchi tana baahuvulanu chaachi, harivakshampai balm koddi poduvagaa, harry thappinchukuni yeduru musti ghaatam icchadu. aa debbaka dirdiram dirigi, dita chedi, lobadina hiranyaakshuni karnamoolamandu tana koralatho varaahamuurthi mottenu. buda buda netthuru grakkuchu vedaroopamu daalchi gruddu velikuraka, nilam badi pandlu geetukonuchunu vidichem braanamulu daitya veerundantan‌ dhevaa... ny leelalu brahmaadula prardhana anantam hiranyaakshuni samharinchi atani raktadhaaralatho thadi china momupai bhumini, baalachandruni kiranamulavale meraluchunna tana koralapai nilipina yagnapotrimoortini juchi brahmaadulu pranaamamu lacharinchi..... "yea vishwapu srusti, sthiti, laya landu vikaaramu neeve, vishvamu neeve! ny leelalu apaaramu. charmamuna akhila vaedamulu, romamula yandu barhissulu, kannulaloo ajyamu, paadamula yandu yajna karmamulu, tundamuna sruvamu, mukkulo idapatra, udaramuna, chevulalo jamasapraasitramulu, gontulo muudu ishtulu, naalukapai agni kaligina oa dhevaa! vitata karunasudha tarangitamulaina ny kataakshaveekshanamulatho mammu kavavayya..." ani praardhincharu. anthata leelavole sreeyagna varaahamuurthi bhumini tana koralapai nunchi samudramu piena dhinchi, nilipi, vishraanti vahimpajesi tirohitudayyaadu. jayadeeva mahakavi dasavatara stuti vasati dasana sikhare dharani tava lagna sasini kalanka kaleva nimagna kesava dhruta suukara rupa jayajagadeesa hare!! thatparyam woah avataaram ettina oa keshava! ny korala medha nilapabadiyunna yea bhoogolam machhalunna chandruni vale unnadi. alayalu Tirupati - bhuvaraha muurti (koneti gattuna) srimushnam - TamilNadu narasimhaswami - ravvalakonda,banaganapalle chithramaalika moolaalu Agiri thantha ni akka vanarulu dr‌ lanka sivaramaprasad‌ vyasam bayati linkulu The Battle Between Lord Boar (Varaha) and the Demon Hiranyaksha (vedabase.net) bhagavatamu vishnumoorthi avataaraalu

himduumata puraanaalaloo shreemahavishnuvu dasavataralalo modati avataaram matsyaavataaram. matsyam anagaa cheepa. yea avathaaramlo vishnhuvu remdu panlu chesinatlugaa puraanha gaatha. pralayakaalamlo jeevaraasulanu naavalo jalanidhini daatinchadam. vaedaalanu kaapaadadam. aa rakshasudini samharinchina vidham pothana bhaagavathamlo ila varninchadu (pothana padyam) urakambhonidhiloni vedamula kuyun daityun juchi vee garulaadinchi mukhambu saachi paluvitan thooka saarinchi maen merayan daudalu geeri meesaladaran meenakritin vishnuda ccuratin daaki vadhinche musti dhalitha gravun hayagrivun aa srimannarayanuni satyavratudu ila prasthuthinchaadu (pothana padyam) chelivai chuttamavai manasthitudavai chinmurtivai aatmavai valanai korkela pantavai vibhudavai vartillu ninnollake paluventon badi lokamakkata vruda baddhaasamai poyedun niluvannerchune hemarashi ganiyun nirbhaagyudambhsayya! sathya vratuni keertanalaku sanhooshinchi srimatsayyaavataaramoor atanaki saankhyayoga criyanu, puraanha samhitanu upadesinchenu. andarithoonu, moolabeejamulatonu unna aa naavanu pralayaambhoonidhini daatinchenu. satyavratudu prasthutham nadusthunna "vaivaswata manvantaraaniki" adipati ayadu. matsyaavataaramlo shreemahavishnuvu velasina pramukha alayam vedanarayanaswamy alayam nagalapuram chithramaalika yivi kudaa chudandi ‎AndhraPradesh vishisht devalayas moolaalu itara linkulu vishnumoorthi avataaraalu

telegu saahityamlo satakaalaku ooka pratyeka sthanamu Pali. bahujan priyamaina sataakaalalo sumatii shathakam okati. idi baddhayina aney kavi rachinchaadani antaruu. saralamaina chinna padyaalalo cheppabadina niitulu telegu vaari jeevitamloonuu, bhaashaloonuu bhagalaipoyayi. "appichuvaadu vaidyudu", "tana kopame tana sathruvu" vento padyaalu teliyanu telegu varu undaru. yea satakamloni anno padyabhaagaalanu sametalu ledha jaateeyamulugaa pariganincha vachunu. yea satakaaniki makutam "sumatii". saadharanamga itara kavya, sahithya prakreeyalu panditulaku parimitamainaagaani, satakaalu mathram common prajaaneekamlo aadaranapondinavi. ila telugulo shathaka saahityamu paamarulakuu panditulakuu varadhiga nilichimdi. veetilo vemana satakaanikii, sumatii satakaanikii unna prachuryamu atyadhikam. sumatii shathakam 108 neethi padhyaala samaharam. rachayita sumatii shathakam vraasinadevaro kacchitamaina Datia labhinchadamledu. palu rachanallo "sumatii shathaka kartha" ani yea rachayitanu prastaavinchadam jarudutundhi. usa.sha. 1220-1280 Madhya kaalamlo baddhayina ledha badra bhoopaludu aney kavi sumatii shathakam rachinchaadani sahiti charithrakarula Dumka. ithadu kaakateeya raanee rudramadevi (1262-1296) raajyamlo ooka chola saamamta raju. yea rachayithe raajaneetiki sambamdhinchina suuktulatoe neetisastra muktavali aney grandhaanni vraasaadu. ithadu mahakavi tikkanaku shishyudu. sumatii satakaanni baddenaye rachinchinatlayithe telegu bashalo vacchina modati satakaalalo adi okati avuthundi. (palakuriki somanadhuni vrushaadhipa satakamu, yaataavakkula annamaiah sarveshwara satakamu vacchina kaalamloonide avuthundi.) sumathi satakamu pradhamatha: 1868va samvatsaramunandu prakatimpabadindi.1877 va samvatsaramunandu ranganaayakalu, 1889va samvatsaramunandu z.balagurunadhayya, adae samvatsaramunandu p.salvarajamodali, 1910va samvatsaramunandu agnaatavyakti, 1912va samvatsaramunandu z.v.ramanujulu nayudu, agnaata samvatsaramunandu narasimhulusetti prakatinchina sumathi satakamu idhey manaku prassiddhi sumatii satakamu ayinadi. dheenini 1928loo vavillavari prachuranaku vacchindi. adi modhal 1982 varku idhey mudritamulaina, punarmudritamulaina sumathi satakamulu anekamulu pushkamulugaa unnayi. kanni vaetiloenu kartrukaalamulu sarigaa nirnayinchabadaledu. sumathi satakamu kartha shaiva, vaishnavamata sanbandhamaina puraanagaadhalanu vadhali, ekuva upamaanamulanu jeevitamunundi grahinchenu.idi jainakavula pratyekata. tamila vedamuga prasiddhamaina tirukkural anu tamila gramthamuloo matha sanbandhamaina upamaanamulu takuva. jeevita upamaanaalu ekuva. amduvalana kondaru deenigrandhakarta tiruvallu carr jainudani saamanyamugaa vishwasinthuru. sumathi satakamu taalhapatra prathulu madarasu praachyalikhita pustakam bhandagaramu nandhu; Thanjavur sarasvathi mahal grandhaalayamunandu Bara kaaka, Kakinada aandhrasaahitya parishatkaaryaalayamunanda, haidarabadu praachyalikhita grandhaalayamulo unnayi. veetilo 'sriramuni dayachetanu' aney shathaka padyamu grandhaadini Pali. vemana, bharthuhari modhalagu varu kudaa jeevita upamaanaalu upayoginchaaru kudaa. amduvalana sumathi satakamu jainakavi virachitamu anuta sunisatamu kadhu. baddenaku bheemaa: ani mariyoka perukaladu. sumathi satakamu bheemanakruta mani kala padyamu likhitapratiyandu Pali. amduvalana idi baddhayina virachitamu ani kondari vishwaasamu. alanay idi baddhayina virachitamu anutaku marikonni adharalu: neetisastra muktaavalilooni prathma padyamu, dhaaraasuddhi laeni konni padhyamulu.manavalli ramakrishnakavi garu 1910va samvatsaramunandu neetisastra muktavali grandhamunu prakatinchaaru. appatike baddhayina virachita neethi saaramu madraasu praachyalikhita bhaandaagaaramunandu remdu taalapratulu unnayi. kavuna idi aayan virachitamu anutaku idi maroka aadharamugaa bhaavinchavachhunu. sumatii satakamandu konni padhyamulu samskrutha slokamula kaandhreekaranamulu. udaaharanha: sloe:kaaryeshudaasii karaneshu mantri roopechalakshmi kshamaya dharithree bhojyeshu maathaa sayaneshu rambha shaddharmayuktaa kuladharmapatni thee.g:pania seyunedala daasiyu nanubhavamuna ramba manthri yalochanalan danabhuktiyedala dalliyu nana danakula kaanta yunda nagura sumatii. adae vidhamgaa bharthuhari slokamulaku bhaashaantiikaranamulu kudaa unnayi. paalanu galasina jalamunu balavidhambunane yundu barikimpamgaa, balachavi jeruchu, gavuna taalasudaguvaanipondu valadura sumatii...! pettina dinamula lopala nattadavulakaina ochhu nanarthamulun bettani dinamula ganakapu gattekkina nemi ledhu gadara sumatii. 1840loo sea.p.brown sumatii satakaanni aanglamloki anuvadinchaadu. sumatii shathakam vishishtata sataabdaalugaa sumatii shathakam padyaalu panditula, pamarula nollalo naanutunnaayi. sumatii shathakam padyaalalooni padealu chaaala teelikagaa gurtuntaayi. anek sandarbhaalalo indulooni padalanu udaharinchadam jaruguthai. sumaaru edu vandala ella kritam vrayabadina dadapu anni padaaluu ippati bhaashaloonuu vaadukalo unnayi. idi paatakaalam kavitvamani asalau anipinchadu. panditulaku maatramayye parimitamaina bhaasha kadhu. pedaga kashta padakundane gurtu pettukone sakta yea padyaalalooni padaalaloonuu, vatini kuurchina saililoonuu antarleenamai Pali. andhuke chadavadam raanivaallu kudaa sumatii satakamloni padyaalanu dharalamga udaharinchagaligaaru. sumathi satakamuna padyamulanniyu a kaaraadi kramamuna unnayi. yea vidhanaaniki sumathi shathaka kartha baddhayina yee praarambakudu. itaninanusarinchi aa tarvati kaalamulalo bhasker satakamu, venugopaala shathaka kardhalu kudaa sumathi satakaanni anusarinchaaru. porthi padyam raanivaaru kudaa okati remdu paadaalanu uttankinchadam tarachu jarudutundhi. induku konni udaaharanalu akkaraku raani chuttamu appichuvaadu, vaidyudu ittadi bangaramagune tanu valachinadiye ramba khalunaku niluvellavishamu balavantamaina sarpamu chalichiimala chetha chikki chavade sumatii kanakapu simhaasanamuna sunakamu kurchunda betti eppudi sampadhalu galigina nappudu bandhuvulu vatturu tarataraalugaa tallidamdrulu thama pillalakuu, pantullu thama shishyulakuu sumatii satakamloni neetulanu upadesistunnaru. 700 samvatsaraala taruvaata kudaa indulooni suuktulu nithya jeevanaaniki sampuurnamgaa vartistaayi. cheppadalachina vishayanni sootiga, koddhi padalalo cheppina vidhaanam atyadbhutam. modati padyamloonae kavi "dhaaraalamaina niitulu noruraga javuluputta, aura yanagaa, nudiveda"nani cheppukunnadu. induku porthi nyayam cheyagaligaadu. konni adhikshepimpadagina vishayalu ippati "saamaji srh" paranga unna avagaahanathoo chusthe konni padyaalalo kanipincha aaaat drhushti asambaddhamgaa kanipistundhi. "nammakumee vaama hastuni"). mukhyamgaa streela patla, konni kulala patla vyaktamaina abhiprayalu duracharaluga aanipistaayi. ("komali nijamu, golla ni sahithya vidya" undavani kavi vraasaadu). evarainaa thama kalaniki sambamdhinchina abhipraayaalaku bandeele ani manam grahinchali. moolaalu vanarulu adluri sheshu maadhavaravu vyasam https://web.archive.org/web/20130121194002/http://eenadu.net/Magzines/Sahitisampadainner.aspx?qry=sumathi ivi kudaa chudandi bayati linkulu Open Source Audio by Dr. Goli Anjaneyulu. Sumati Satakam Versions: Adyar Library Sumati Satakam Versions: Charles Philip Brown Sumati Satakam Transcription, Andhra Pradesh Sate Oriental Manscript Library and Research Institute https://kalyankrishna4886.files.wordpress.com/2013/09/sumathisatakalu-english.pdf

ashtadasa puraanaalanu krishnadvaipayanudaina vyasamaharshi rachinchaadani, rachinchina thaanu vaktaga kakunda aa vishayalanu okappudu naimisaaranyamloo shounakudu modalaina mahaa munulu deergha satrayagam chestunnappudu, variki vyaasuni sishyudaina romaharshanudu kumarudaina suutha mehrishi dwara cheppinchaadani puranale chebutunnayi. yea puraanhaalu Madhya yugamloo jargina shaiva, vaishnava gharshanala valana parivartana chendhaayi aney vaadhana kudaa leka poledu. konni shlokaala rachana Gaya vyasa mehrishi rachana sailini gamaniste aa wasn avagatham avuthundi. puraanha vaamayam aavirbhaavam "puraanha" sabdaaniki "puurva kaala kathaa visaesham" annana ardam niruudamai Pali. creesthu poorvam aidava sathabdam naatike yea vaamayam prasthutham labhistunna roopu santarinchukondi kanni vedavanya kalanike deeni maulika roopam erpadi vundali. yagnasamayamlo rusxaachchandaalato paatu ucchishta roopamai puranam aavirbhavinchindani adharvana vedamlo tolisariga prastaavimpabadindi. satapatha braahmanam, bruhadaaranyakoopanishattu, gopatha braahmanam vento grandhaalalo puraanha prasamsalunnaayi. aadikaalamlo idi vaedaadhyayanaaniki ooka saanga saadhana prakriyagaa undaedani, kalakramamlo pratyeka saakhagaa parinaminchi matasaahityamgaa roopudiddukondani vimarsakula ooha. sudeergha kaalam jarigee yagnayaagaadi kaaryaala samayamlo naduma naduma viraama velalalo insta kathaa vinodamgaa idi modalie undavachhunu. aa yajnaalu chese raajula vamsaala charitranu, yagnaaniki lakshyamaina detala kathalanu ila chebuthoo undavachhunu. modati kaalamlo bahusa ynanni nirvahinche panditule yea kathaakaalakshepam jaripi undavachhunu kanni idi pradhaana karyakram kadhu ganuka kramamga suutha pouraanikulaku (kshatriyunaku braahmanha streeyandu janminchina santhaanam) yea vidhi sankraminchi undavachhunu. ilanti aitihyam vayu brahmaanda vyshnu puraanaalaloo kanipistundhi. vyasa mehrishi puraanha samhitanu nirmimchi tana suutha shishyudu romaharshuniki upadesinchaadu. atadu dhaanini bhaagaalugaa chessi sumathi, agnivarchudu, mitrayuvu, saamsapaayanudu, akrutavarnudu, saavarni aney aaruguru sishyulaku boodhinchaadu. veerilo akrutavarnudu, saavarni, kaasyapa saamsapaayanulu veruverugaa muudu puraanha samhitalanu roopondinchaaru. romaharshuni maatrukatho kalisi yea grandhajaatamantaa puraanha vaemayaaniki moolamayindi. yea vidhamgaa parisheelistae apati aagikulaina bramhanula adhinamlo unnavaamayaanni vyasa vishaya kramam prakaaram punarvvastheekarinchi, kaalaanugunangaa avusaramaina maarpulatho lokulaku teliyajeyamani braahmanetarulaina suutulaku appaginchadu. aapastambha dharm suutraalalooni prastaavanala aadhaaramga cree.poo. 600-300naatike puraanha vaamayam ooka pratyeka saakhagaa roopudiddukondani, kaalaanugunangaa upadesikula bodhalanu santharinchukontuu usa.sha. 12va sataabdivarakuu marpulu chendutuu vachindani oohinchavachchunu. pranavam vedalu puraanaala puttuka puraanhaalu pranavam nundi puttayani samskrutha bhaagavatamlooni pannemdava skandam cheptundi. brahmadhevudu dhyanamagnudai unna samayamlo aayana hrudayagruha nundi ooka anaahata shabdam veluvadindi. aa sabdamlo nundi a kaara ukaara makara sabdhaalu koodina onkaarasabdam aavirbhavinchindi. "a" nundi "ha" varku gala aksharaalu aasabdamnundi udhbhavinchaayi. omkaaram sakala mantraalaku beezaksharam ayindhi. omkaaram nundi nalaugu vaedaalanu udhbhavinchaayi. aa 'a'kaara, 'u'kaara 'ma'kaaramulanundi sathva,rajo,thamo aney trigunaalu, rigveda, yazurvedam, saamaveedham, adharvanavedam aney chaturvedalu, bhu॰bhuva॰suva॰ aney trilokaalu, jagrut, swapna, sushupti avasdhalu janinchaayi. aa taruvaata brahmadhevudu chaturvedalanu veluvarinchi tanakumaarulaina mareechi taditarulakichaadu. varu thama kumaarulaina kasyapudu taditarulaku icchaaru. ola vedalu paramparaagatamgaa saagipotuu unnayi. vedalu prajalaku klishtamainavi kanuka andubatulo laenivi kanuka vaedavyaasudu vedha upanishads saaramtho koodina ashtadasa puraanaalanu rachinchadu. puraanaalanu vyasa tana sishyudaina romaharshanuki cheppaadu. romaharshudu tirigi vatini tana shishyulaina traiyaaruni, kasyapudu, saavarni lanty sishyulaku amdimchaadu. aa tarwata ola okari nundi okariki sankraminchaayi. puranam lakshanhaalu prathi puranam kuuda puraanaala mukhyamaina lakshanaalanu modati sargalalo chebutundi. kuurmapuraanamloo cheppabadina puraanha upodghaatamu prakaaram sargashcha pratisargascha vamsho manvantaraani cha vamsaanucharitam chaiva puranam panchalakshanam sargamu, prathi sargamu, vamsamu, manvantaramu, vamsaalacharitra aney panchalakshanhaalu kaliginade puranam. sargamu - sarva prapancha srustini vistarinchedi prathi sargamu - sakala prapanchamu layamayye lakshanam telipedi (pralayam) vamsamu - prudhu, priya vrataadula vamsotpattini vivarinchuta manvantaramu - e kalpamloo e manuvu kaalamlo emi jarigindo teluputa vamsaalacharitra bhaagavathamlo puraanha lakshanhaalu padi cheppabaddayi sargopyasch visargascha vrutthi rakshaantaraani cha vamsho vamsaanucharitam samsthaahetu rapasraya dasabhirlakshanairyukta puranam tadvido vidhu: anagaa sargamu (srusti), pratisargamu (pralayamu), vrutthi (vyaapaaramu), raksha (paripalava), antaramu (manvaadula kaalamu), vamsamu (vamsaadula vishyamu), vamsaanucharitamu (suryah, chandra vamshasthula kadhanaalu), samstha (sthiti), haethuvu (kaaranamu), apaasrayamu (ashraya vishayalu) aney padee puraanha lakshanhaalu. kontamandi ila padi lakshanaalunnavi mahapuranalani, iidu lakshanaalunnavi puraanaalani vargeekaristunnaaru. puraanaala vibhajana puraanaala perlu cheppe sloka satrayagam jaruguchunnappudu ashtaadasapuraanaalanu teluputuu suutudu rushulaku cheppina sloka. bhagavata puraanhamu pradhama skandamulo cheppabadindi. madvayam bhadvayam chaiva bratrayam vachatushtayam anaapadlingakuuskaani puranani pruthak pruthak piena cheppina vatilo: "ma" dwayam -- matasya puranam, markandaya puranam "bha" dwayam -- bhagavata puranam, bhavishya puranam "bra" trayam -- braham puranam, braham vaivarta puranam, brahmaanda puranam "va" chatushtayam -- vyshnu puranam, woah puranam, vaamana puranam, vayu puranam migilina vaati perla modati aksharaalu Bara tisukuni shlokapaadam kuurchatam jargindi: a -- agni puranam Mon—narada puranam padh—padhma puranam lim -- ling puranam gaaa—garuda puranam kuu -- kuurma puranam ska—skanda puranam ashtadasa puraanhamulaloo slokaalu braham puranam - brahmadhevudu mareechiki boodhinchindi. 10,000 shlokamulu kaladi. padhma puraanhamu - brahmadevuniche cheppabadindi. 55,000 shlokamulu kaladi. vyshnu puranam - paraasaruni rachana. dheenilo 63,000 shlokamulu unnayi. sheva puranam - vaayudevuniche cheppabadindi. indhulo 24,000 slokaalunnaayi. ling puraanhamu - nandeeswaruni rachana. 11,000 slokaalu Pali. garuda puranam - vishnumoorthi garuthmanthuniki cheppina yea puraanamloo 19,000 (16,000?) slokaalunnaayi. narada puraanhamu - narada mehrishi rachana. 24,000 (25,000?) shlokamulu kaladi. bhagavata puranam- sukamaharshi pareekshittunakupadesi. 18,000 shlokamulu kaladi. agni puranam - bhrugumaharshiche cheppabadindi. 16,000 (8,000?) shlokamulu kaladi. skanda puranam - kumaraswamiche cheppabadindi. 80,000 (laksha?) imdu shlokamulu unnayi. bhavishya puranam ledha bhavishyottara puranam - sataaneekudu sumantunaku boodhinchindi. 14,500 (31,000?) shlokamulu unnayi. brahmavaivarta puranam - vashishta mehrishi ambareeshunaku upadesinchindi. 18,000 (12,000) shlokamulu kaladi. markandaya puranam - pakshulu kroshti (jaimini) ki cheppinatlugaa markandeyamaharshi rachinchenu. 9,000 (32,000?) shlokamulu Pali. vaamana puraanhamu - brahmadevuni rachana - 14,000 shlokamulu kaladi. woah puranam - srivarahamurthy bhudeviki upadesinchindi. imdu 24,000 shlokamulu unnayi. matasya puranam - srimatsayaavataarudaina vishnhuvu manuvunaku upadesinchenu. dheenilo 14,000 slokaalunnaayi. kuurma puranam - srikurmavatarudaina vishnhuvu upadesinchenu. dheenilo 17,000 (6,000) slokaalunnaayi. brahmaanda puranam - brahmadevuni rachana- 1,100 (12,200?) slokamulunnadi. devataapraamukhyaanni gunanni cheppe sloka yea krindhi sloka ashtadasa puraanaalanu muudu vidhaaluga vibhajistuu vaishnava, shaiva, braham puranaluga chebutundi. vaishnavam naaradeeyam cha tadhaa bhaagavatham subham gaarudancha tadhaa paadmam varaaham subhadarsane saatvikaani puranani vishnveyaani subhaanidai brahmandam braham vaivartam markandeyam tadhaiva cha bhavishyam vamanam brahmaraja nibodhathe maatsya kourmam tadhaa lainga shaivam skoundam aagneyancha shadetani taamasaani bhodhame ilantidhe maroka sloka braahmam paadvam vaishnavancha shaivam vaingam cha garudam naaradeeyam bhaagavatham agneyam skanda sangnikam bhavishyam brahmavaivartam markandeyam cha vamanam varaham matasya kaurmaani brahmaandaakhyamiti trishat vaishnava puraanhaalu - satvik gunanni braham puraanhaalu - rajasa gunanni shaiva puraanhaalu - taamasa gunanni pradhaanamgaa kaligi untai ani pai sloka ardham mahapuranalu vargikarana mahapuranalu daivamu yokka muudu rupamulu prakaaramgaa vargeekarincha baddaayi. trimurthy: padhma puraanamloo, Uttar khandamlo (236.18-21), daanikade ooka vaishnava puranam, muudu gunaalalo ledha lakshanaalanu anugunamga puraanaallo vargeekarinchindi; sathyam, abhimaanam, udaaseenata: vraatapratulu puraanaala vraatapratula adhyayanam chaaala asthirangaa unnanduna savaluga Pali. idi mahapuranalu, upapuraanaalannintiki vartistundi. puraanagrandhaalu adhikanga mukhyamgaa paaschaatya panditula upayogamlo unnayi. "ooka vraathaprati aadhaaramga ledha yadruchikamga empika cheyabadina konni vraatapratula medha aadhaarapadi unnayi". adae sheershikathoo vibhinnamaina likhitha prathulu unnappatikee. puraanha vraatapratula unikini panditulu chaalaakaalaaniki mundhuga gurtincharu. ivi "mudrita prathulaku chaaala bhinnangaa unnatlu anipisthundhi". idi Hansi kachitamainado aspashtamgaa Pali. yadruchikamga ledha cherripikdu printedu pratula nundi teesukobadina teermaanaalu bhougolikamgaa viswajaneeyamainavi. adae shirshika puraanha vraatapratulalo yea samasya chaaala teevramgaa Pali. conei praamtiya bhaashalaina tamilam, telegu, bengali, Bundi ekkuvaga vismarinchabaddaayi. kalakramanusara marpulu, chaerpulu madhyayuga shataabdaala nundi kotthaga kanugonna puraanaala vraatapratulu panditula drhushtini aakarshinchaayi. puraanha sahityam kaalakremena nemmadigaa punarnirmaanamlo anekamaarpulu sambhavinchaayi. alaage anek adhyaayaalanu akasmikamga tholaginchadam kothha samaachaaramthoo bhartee cheeyadam vantivi prasthutham prachaaramlo unna puraanhaalu 11 va sathabdam ledha 16 va sataabdaaniki mundhu unna vatiki purtiga bhinnangaa untai. udaharanaku kotthaga kanugonna nepaluloni skanda puranam taati-aaku vraathaprati usa.sha. 810 naatidi ayinappatikee valasaraajyaala kaalam nundi dakshinha aasiyaalo chelamani avutuna skanda puranam samskaranalaku idi purtiga bhinnangaa Pali. mro nalaugu vraatapratula tadupari aavishkaranhalu, pathram remdusaarlu peddha punarmudranala dwara vellindani suchisthundi. modhata 12 va sataabdaaniki mundhu, 15 va -16 va sataabdamloo sambhavimchina rendava peddha maarpu kaaranaalu aspashtamgaa unnayi. skanda puranam vraatapratulu vibhinna samskaranhalu kaalakremena "chinna" punaraavruttulu, antarkaalushyamtho rachanaloni alochanala avineetini suchisthunnayi. prathi puranam kuurpu tedee vivadhaspada samasyagaa undani rocharu perkonnaadu. prathi puraanha vraatapratulu encyclopdia style unnayani demmitu, vaanu byootenenu perkonnaadu. ivi eppudi, yakkada, yenduku, evariche vrayabaddayi ani nirdhaarinchadam kastham: nakileelu chaaala vraatapratulu taati aaku medha vrayabaddayi ledha britishu india valasaraajyaala kaalamlo qaapi cheyabaddaayi. konni 19 va sataabdamloo unnayi. vividha puraanaala medha adhyayanalu tarachu nakileela kaaranamgaa baadhinchabadutundani puraanaala prachaaramlo swaechcha saadhaaranamainadani, paata vraatapratulanu qaapi chosen varu padalanu bhartee chesaarani ledha valasaraajyaala panditulu pracurana medha aasakti chuuputunnaaranee siddaantaaniki thaginatlugaa kothha vishayalanu cherchaarani ludo rocharu perkonnaadu. anuvaadaalu 1840 loo vyshnu puranam samskaranha okati praarambha aamgla anuvaadaalalo okati prachurinchabadindhi. adae vraatapratulu vilsanu anuvaadham manmada naathudattu chetha punarnirvachinchabadi 1896 loo prachurinchabadindhi. " al india kashiraj trustee " puraanaala sanchikalanu prachurinchindi. maaridaasu poulley (mariyaadaasu pillay) 1788 loo bhagavata puranam tamila pratula nundi ooka phrenchi anuvaadaanni prachurincharu. idi airopaalo vistrutamgaa pampinhii cheyabadindhi. idi 18 va shataabdapu hinduism samskruthi, hinduism matham valasaraajyaala kaalamlo chaaala mandhi europeanlaku parichayam ayyindi. 1795 loo adae rachananu " le bhagavata" paerutoe bhinnamakna anuvaadaanni pandicherry nundi poulley tirigi prachurinchaadu. paulu anuvaadham nakalu paarisulooni bibliotheku neshanalu di fraamsuloo bhadraparachabadindi. prabavam bhartia sahityam puraanaala Gaya desamloni samskruthi vidya adhyyana vaettalu, mukhyamgaa bhartia adhyyana vaettalu atyantamgaa prabhaavitam chesay. "samskruthi mishritam"loo aachaarabaddhamaina acharala nundi vaedaanta thathvashastram varku, kalpitha ithihaasaala nundi vibhinna viswaasaalanu kalagalipi samagraparachadam jargindi. vastavika charithra, vyaktigata aatmapariseelana, yoogaa nundi saamaajika vaedukalu, utsavaalu, devalayala nundi teerthayaatra varku, ooka devudi nundi maroka deevuniki, devatala nundi tantraaniki, paata nundi crotha varku kudaa prabavam pradharshinchadu. yea adbhuta bahiranga paataalu kaalakremena saamajikamgaa kuurchabaddaayi. idi gregu baili, hinduism samskruthini "crotha vishayalanu nirantharam cherustune paatadaanni kaapaadukovadaaniki" anumatinchi vumdavacchu. "avi avi gta 2,000 samvatsaraalalo samskruthika anusarana, parivartana recordulu"gaaa unnayi. puraanha sahityam vividha bhaashalato vividha aardika tharagatula nundi vividha rajyalau, saampradaayaalalo, prajala vaividhyata "samskruthi, vasati"nu prabhaavitam chesindi. samakaaleena "hinduism matham samskruthika samaikhyatani"nu krishnudu prabhaavitam chesadana suchisthunnayi. varu bhaaratadaesamloe samskruthika bahulyaanni prabhaavitam cheyadamlo sahaayapaddaarani sahithya recordu suchisthundi. puraathana madhyayuga bhaaratadaesamloe samskruthika marpidi, prasidha vidyaku puraanhaalu samardhavanthamaina maadhyamamgaa panichesaayani om prakashu paerkonnaaru. yea grandhaalu vayu puraanamlooni paasupata vyshnu puraanamlooni satwa, markendeya puraanamlooni dattaatreeya, bhavashya puraanamlooni bhojakulu vento praamtiya devatalanu sweekarinchi vivarinchi samagraparichaayi. enka prakashu ila chebutunnadu. avi "kavithalu, naatakeeyata, vyaakaranam, nighantuvu, khagola shaastram, iddam, rajakiyalu, vaastusilpam, bhougolikam, oushadham vento loukika vishayalaku agni puranam, garuda puraanamloo sugandha dravyaalu, lapidary aarts, chitrakalalu, shilpam, vishnudharmottara puraanamlooni itara kalalu " modhalagu ansaalu prastaavinchaayi. bhartia kalalu puraanaala samskruthika prabavam bhartia shaastreeya kalalaku vistarimchimdi. paatalu, dakshinha bharathadesamlooni bhratha natyam eeshaanya bhaaratadaesamloe rasa leela vento nrutya samskruthi, naatakaalu, parayanalu puraanaalatoe prabhaavitamayyaayi. pandugalu puraanha saahityamlo heuulii, deepawali, durga puuja vento pradhaana hinduism samskruthika utsavapuraanaalu, chandra maunam aachaaralu, vaedukalu unnayi. upapuraanaalu yea ashtaadasapuraanaale kakunda upapuraanaalu kudaa 18 unnayi. avi: narsimha sivadharma dourwasa naradiya puraanhamu kaapila human ausanasa brahmaanda vaaruna kausika lainga samba soura paaraasara maareecha bhargav skanda sanatkumara ivi kudaa chudandi mumbra divi alayam moolaalu vanarulu "ashtadasa puraanhamulu" - rachana: vaadrevu sheshagirirao - pracurana: somanadh publishers, Rajahmundry (2007) srimadbhagavatamu - saralandhra parivartana - rachana : elchuri sheshagirirao - pracurana : sriramakrishna mathamu, haidarabadu bayati linkulu mana puraanaalalooni neetikathalu hinduism grandhaalu

ashokuni saasanaalalo kanipincha mouryalipiye bhartia bhaashalannitiki matrhuka anipistunnadi. andulonunde telegu aksharaalu roopondinaa yanipistundi. kubbeerakuni bhattiprolu saasanamu, ashokuni erigudipaadu (jonnagiri) guttameedi saasanamu aandhra Pradesh praanthamlo labhinche modati vraatalugaa bhavistunaaru. vaatoloeni bhaasha praakrutamu, lipi brahmilipi. taruvaata amaravatiloni nagabu aney padamu (usa.sha. 1va shataabdi), vikramendravarma chikkulla samskrutha saasanamlooni "vijayarajya samvatsarambul" (usa.sha. 6va shataabdi) manaku kanipistunnana modati telegu padealu. nagarjunakonda vraatalaloo kudaa telegu padealu kanipistaayi. evanni praakrit shasanalu ledha samskrutha shasanalu. kanuka tenugu appatiki janasaamaanyamlo dhaaraalamaina bhashaga unnadanadaaniki adharalu leavu. arava shataabdi taruvaata brahmilipine koddhi maarpulatho teluguvaaru, kannadamvaaru vaadukonnaru. anduchetha dheenini "telegu-qannada lipi" ani parisodhakulu antaruu. anek adharalu 6,7 sataabdaalaloo pallava chaalukya sangharshanala nepathyamlo royalaseema prantham raajakeeyamgaa chaitanyavantamayyindi. yea dhasaloo renati chodulu saptasahasra graama samanvitamaina renaadu (Kadapa, Kurnool, Chittoor jillaalu) paalincharu. telegu bhaasha parinaamamlo idi ooka mukyaghattam. vaari shasanalu chaalaavaraku telugulo unnayi. vatilo dhananjayuni kalamalla saasanam (vaiesar jalla kamlapuram taaluukaa) manaku labhistunna modati porthi telegu saasanamgaa caritrakarulu bhavistunaaru. idi usa.sha. 575 kaalandani anchana. antakumundu saasanaalalo cheduru madurugaa telegu padaalunnaayi gaani sampoornamina vaakyaalu leavu. aa taruvaata jayasimhavallabhuni vipparla saasanamu usa.sha. 641 samvatsaranike chendinadi. 7,8, sataabdulalooni saasanaalalo praakrit basha samparkamu, aruvati kaalamlo samskrutha basha prabavam adhikanga kaanavastaayi. 848 aati pandaranguni addamki saasanamulo ooka taruvoja padhyamuu, taruvaata kontha vachanamuu unnayi. 934 aati yuddhamalluni bejanada saasanamulo iidu seesamu (padyam) padyaalunnaayi. 1000 praantamunaatidani cheppabadutunna viriyala kamasani guduru saasanamulo muudu champakamaalalu, remdu utpala maalalu vrayabaddayi. viiti adharala kaaranamgaa nannayaku mundhey padhya sahityam undi undaalani nishchayangaa thelusthunnadi. kanni likhitha grandhaalu mathram inthavaraku ekv labhinchaleedu. dhananjayuni kalamalla saasanam sumaaru usa.sha. 575 - kamlapuram taaluukaa - (epigraphica indica XXVII - peji 221) ku chendina yea saasanam manaku labhinche motta modati porthi telegu saasanam. .......... kalmu[thu]raw juu dhananja yudu rena nadu elan chirumburi revanakaalu [pam] pu chenurukaju ay kalaa voori [-] ndavaaru voori ... ... ... .... ..... ... pagcha [ma] haa paatakasa ku erical maharaju dhanunjayudu renaadunu elutundagaa chirumburu aney gramaniki chendina revana aney udyoegi pampuna chenuru gramaniki chendina 'kaaju' (vakyam asampoornam) - yea dharmam chedagottuvaadu panchamahaapaatakudagunu - ani kaavachhunu. conei prasthutham yea saasanam ekkadundo teliyaravadam ledhu. samaachara hakku chattandwara dr vempalli gangadhar adigina prashnaku samaadhaanangaa prabhuthvam aa vivaralu tamavadda laevani perkondi. ippati varakuu yea saasanam madraasulooni egmur museum vunnadani bhaavistuu vacham punyakumaaruni tippaluri saasanamu - 630 - - kamlapuram taaluukaa - epigraphica indica XXVII - peji 231 satyaditya choluni malepadu saasanamu - 725 - - epigraphica indica XI - peji 345 arakata vemula saasanamu - 8va sathabdam - produtturu taaluukaa - velpucharla saasanamu - jammalamadugu taaluukaa - ganda trinetra vaidumba maharaju vandadi saasanamu - rayachoty taaluukaa - kondapari saasanam - 9va sathabdam - Warangal oddha korivi saasanam - (usa.sha. 930) - Warangal jalla manukota korivi gadhya saasanamu turupu chalukyas, raashtrakootulaku chendina muguru saamamta raajula Madhya jargina poraatamunu theliyajesthundhi. telegu vachanamulo patishthamaina rachana dheenilo kanipistundhi. shree vikramaaditya nripagra tanayundaina chaalukya bheemunaku shouchakandarpunakum vaegeeswarunaku ranamardaanvaya kulatilakundaina kusumayudhundu gannaraballahuni kastapraaptambaina ranamardana kandiyandana bhujaneerya balaparaakramambuna decchi ... shree niravadyum daneka samarasanghattana bhujasi bhasurudai tamayanna rajasreekellam daanayarhundai nilchi. pandarangani addamki saasanam (usa.sha. 848) - addamki telegu chhandassulo modati taruvoja padhya saasanamu chaaritrakamugaa chaaala viluvainadi. dheenini komarraaju venkatarama lakshmanarao parishkarinchi prakatinchaaru: pattambu gattina pradhamambu nedu balagarva moppaga bailechi saena pattambu gattinchi prabhu bandarangu banchina saamamta paduvatho boeya kottamu lwandrendu goni venginati gorachiya tribhuvanaankusa baana nilchi kattepu durgambu gadu bayalsesi kandukurbejavada gavinche mecchi. gunaga vijayaadityuni kandukuri saasanam (usa.sha. 848-850) gunaga vijayadityudu svayamugaa vaeyimchina kandukuri saasanamulo manaku mottamodati seesapadyam kanipistundhi. "shree niravadyundu chittajaata samundu sheva pada vara raajya sevitunda khiludu nanrutaripu baludu nahavarava dandamodya sighaasanundaganita daanamaanyundu daaa nilayundunu bhandana nandana pandarangu ...................................koladhi laeni kottamu lwodichi gunaka nalla taani paksha paati................ ....................vibhava gowravendra.. yea padyam chaala varakuu sithilamaindani charithra karulu cheppaaru. ayithe unnantavarakuu komarraaju lakshmanaraavugaaru icchaaru. gunaga vijayaadityuni darmavaram saasanam (usa.sha. 848-850) gunaga vijayaadityuni darmavaram saasanamlo tholi aataveladi padyam kanapadutunnatlugaa thelusthondi. kiranapuramu dahala nirutambu dalenadun achalapuramu sochenachalitundu vallabhundu gunake nallundu (vanchi) nan bandaranga chuure pandarangu yuddhamalluni bezwada saasanam (usa.sha. 930) - Vijayawada madhyaakrello vraasi chekkinchina yea padyasaasanaanni jainti ramya pantulu parishkarinchaaru. swasthi nrupaankusaatyanta vatsala satyatrinetra vistara sreeyuddhamallum danavadya vikhyaatakeerti pratuta rajashrayundu tribhuvanaabharanundu sakala vastu samethundu rajasalki bhuuvallabhum darthi. paraganga bezwada gomarusamiki bhaktudai gudiyu nirumamamati nrupadhaamu dettinche negideerche mathamu goragalla korulindu vidisi brundambu goniyunduvaaru garigaka yavvaaranaasi vrachchina paapambu gondru. jinavallabhuni kurkyala saasanamu - 945 - Karimnagar jalla kurkyala banapati deerghaasi saasanamu - 997 - kalingapatnam guduru saasanam - (usa.sha. 1124) - janagam taaluukaa, guduru arudagunatti erenrupu nangana gamama saani yaaka mee lgaradani betabhuuvibhuni gaakati vallabhuchesi vaani daama baraganga jethabetti ghanu ballavarayani yagijoche bhaama skara vibhu chakraverthy gani kaakati nilputa kotiseyade ! hanmakonda saasanam (usa.sha. 1163) veyi stambhaala gidi loni rudradevuni saasanamu charithra, basha kavyarachana vishayaalallo mukhyamaina saasanamu. idi chaalukyula tarwata kakatiyulu swaatantryamu vahinchutaku kaaranamainadi. indhulo anek vijayamula girinchi ramyamaina bhaashaasaililo cheppabadindi. hastyarohana karma karmatagatim chaalukya chudamanim sashwadyuddha nibaddha gahyaramatim yuddhe babandha kshanat kruddhenoddhura mantrakuutanagarii natho thio nistrapo gundah khandita ekva munditasirah krodanka vakshahsthalah kandurodaya choda vamsa vilasat ksheeraabdhigarbhodbhava tpadmaikaasraya rudradevanrupate kimvarnyate vikramah moolaalu jaabitaalu telegu bhaasha

laksha (ledha lyak‌) saampradaya sankhya maanamu loni ooka kolatha. bhartiya deshamu, bangladeshs‌lalo ippatikee dheenini chaaala virivigaa upayogistaaru. ooka laksha, vandha velaku samanamu. vandha lakshalu kalipi ooka koti Leh. bhartiya deshamu kaaka thakkina prapanchamuloo saadharanamugaa upayoegimchae paddhatiki bhinnamugaa, yea saampradaya sankhya maanamu prakaramu ankela Madhya vibhaajakaalu vaerae paddhatilo praveshapedathaaru. udaharanaku, 3 millionlu yea vidhamugaa vraayabadunu: 3,000,000. idhey viluvagala 30 lakshalu yea vidhamugaa vraayabadunu: 30,00,000. kaamaalu pettina theeru gamanimchamdi. ivi kudaa chudandi koti bhartia sankhya maanamu moolaalu sankhyamanalu

avadhaanam anede telegu saahityamlo ooka vishisht procedure. samskrutam, telegu kakunda vaerae e bhaasha lonoo yea procedure unnatlu kanapadadu. clistamaina sahiti samasyalanu alavokaga parishkaristuu, chamatkara puuranalanu avalilaga puuristuu, asambadhtha, asandarbha prasnalanu samarthangaa edurkontu, aashuvugaa padyaalu cheptoo - veetannitinee yeka kaalamlo - avadhaani chese sahiti vinyaasamae avadhaanam. avadhaana swarupam kavi yokka aasukavitva garimaku, sahiti patimaku, dharana sakta (gurthunchukogala sakta, memorising ability)ki paanditii prakarshaku avadhaanam athyunnatha pariiksha. saampradaaikangaa jarigee ashtaavadhaanamlo 8 mandhi pruchchakulu (prasnalu adigevaru) avadhaani chuttuu cry vividha rakaalaina prasnalu (pamdityaanni pareekshinchevi konni, avadhaani sahananni pareekshinchevi marikonni) adugutuu untaruu. pruchchakulu kudaa paamditya paranga uddandulaina vaare untaruu. endaro kavi panditulu avadhaana prakriyanu jayapradamgaa chessi panditula mannanalanu pondhaaru. avadhaanam vijayavantamga chosen varini avadhaani ani antaruu. yeka kaalamlo telegu, samskrutam - remdu bhashala lonoo avadhaanam chosen panditulu unnare. avadhaanamlo rakaalu avadhaanaalu chaaala rakaalu. mukhyamgaa avadhaanaalanu vedasambandha, sahithya, saahityetara avadhaanaalugaa vargeekarinchavachhu. vedasambandha avadhaanaalu: swaraavadhaanam, aksharaavadhaanam . sahithya avadhaanaalu: ashtavadhanam, shataavadhaanam, sahasravadhanam... ila 20dhaaka unnayi. saahityetara avadhaanaalu: satakalasaavadhaanam, sabhdaavadhaanam, raamaayana, bhagavadgeeta avadhaanaalu. ivi dhaarana sambandhamainavi. antey okkasari chadhivi ledha viny gurtunchukovadam dwara malli cheppevi. saankethika avadhaanaalu: nethraavadhaanam, angushtaavadhaanam modhalagunavi. saastra sanbandha avadhaanaalu: ganitaavadhaanam, jyotishaavadhaanam, vaidyaavadhaanam, aksharaganitaavadhaanam . kalaa sanbandha avadhaanaalu: chitrakalavadhanam, natyavadhanam, sangeetaashtaavadhaanam, chaturangavadhanam, dhwanyavadhaanam . sangeeta navavadhanam ..eeprakriyanu praarambhinchina varu meegada ramalingaswamy. enamidi mandhi pruchchakulaku, iravai padyaalanu pannendu raagaalanu istaaru. vatilo nundi padyaalu thaamu korukunna ragalalo gaanam cheymanu adagavachhu. udaharanaku pandavodyogamlo bahulha prachaaramlo unna padyam 'jendapai kapiraju ' inthavaraku padina nata gayakulandaru dinni moehana ragamlone paadaaru. paraspara viruddhamaina lakshanhaalu unna shivaranjani leka multan ragalalo paadamani pruchchakulu adigithe avadhaani aa raagamlo padyabhaavam chedakunda padali. pruchchakulu kudaa dhaadhaapugaa padyaalanu raagayuktamgaa paadagalavaarai untaruu. anevalla okkokka padhyaanni paraspara viruddhamaina chaayalunna ragalalo vinagalugutam. avadhaanamlo ansaalu avadhaanamlo anek ansaalu untai. okkokka amsaanni okkokka pandithudu nirvahisthadu. atadini pruchchakudu ani antaruu. avadhaani pamdityaanni, samayasphoorthinii pariikshistuu tagu prasnalanu sandhistuu untaruu pruchchakulu. yea amsaalanu sthuulamgaa nalaugu vargaluga vibhajinchavachhu. avi: dharana sahitha sahithya sanbandhamaina ansaalu: varnana, samasyaapuurana, dattapadi, nishiddhaakshari, vyastakshari, uddishtaakshari (ledha chitrakshari), nirdishtaakshari (ledha nyastakshari), ichaankashlokamu, nishedhakshari, shlokaandhreekaranamu, vyatyaastapaadi, ekasanthagrahanam, vruttamaalika, likhitakshari, nirdishta bhavanuvadanam nallentlu modalainavi. dharana rahita sahithya sanbandhamaina ansaalu: aakaasapuraanam, aasuvu, puraanapatanam, aprastuta prasamgam, kaavyaanukaranam (parady), kaavyokti, chhandohbhashanam, jaavali, keerthana, paata, gayam, chitrakatha, anyabhashopanyasam, nruttapadi, vachanakavita, mineekavita, antyakshari, aksharavinyasam ityaadulu. dharana sahitha saahityetara ansaalu: ghantagananam, pushpagananam, naamasameekaranam, yantrika gananam vagaira. dharana rahita saahityetara ansaalu: sangeetamu, chadarangamu, ashwaplutam, vaaragananam, pekata vantivi. nishiddhaakshari vruchchakudu ooka vishayanni girinchi phalana chhandassulo ooka padyam cheppavalasinadigaa avadhanini koratadu. avadhaani aa wasn medha aa chandassulo ooka padyam modaledataadu, ooka padhamthoo. appudu vruchchakudu avadhaani cheppina padaanni batti taruvaata e aksharam ragalado mundugane vuuhimchi aa aksharam medha sishedam vidhisthaadu. antey appudu aa aksharam upayogincha koodadani ardham. avadhaani aa aksharam kakunda vaerae aksharamtho padhyaanni konasaagistaadu. yea vidhamgaa aa padyam puurtayye lopu anek sarlu nishiddaaksharaanni prayogistaadu vruchchakudu. avadani padyabhaavam chedakunda padhyaanni porthi chestad. porthi cheyadamante oksari porthi cheeyadam kadhu. avadhaanam puurtayyeeloopu poorinchaali. avadhaani aa padyamloe remdu muudu paadhaalu cheppagane mro vruchchakudu mro prasna sandistaadu. inta varku cheppina padhya bhaganni alaage manasuloe mudrinchukoni ichina mro amsaaniki vellatharu avadani. yea avadhaana procedure samskrutamlonu, telugulo Bara manaku telustundhi. idi telegu bhashaku mahabhushanamu. nishiddhaakshari vibhaganlo avadhanini - sha, sha, sa, ha - lanu upayoginchakundaa shivuni pai ooka padhyaanni cheppamanaga avadhaani ila cheppaadu. damarukamunu mroginchuchu namarinchenu maanavulaku ' aaa ' malan kamaneeyamugaa vraayaga numatoduga nunna vaani nuddhati golutun. nirdishtaakshari nirdishtaakshari anagaa nirdesinchabadina aksharaalu galadani ardham. deeninay nyastakshari ani kudaa pilustharu. vruchchakudu ooka vishayanni girinchi phalana chandassulo ooka padyam cheppamani avadhanini adugutuu, padyamlooni nalaugu paadaalaloo phalana sthaanamloo phalana aksharam Bara vundaali ani nalaugu aksharaalanu nirdesistaadu. avadhaani pruchchakudu cheppina aksharaalanu upayoginchi padhyaanni puuristaaru. deeninay nyastakshari ani kudaa pilustharu. dattapadi idi nyastakshari lantide. kakapothe akada ooka paadaaniki ooka aksharaannistaaru. indhulo okka paadaaniki okkokka padaannistaaru. aa padealu kudaa ooka danki okati pontana lekunda vuntaayi. udaharanaga cheppalantey. vankaaya, America, ramudu, gaandiitaata. okkokka paadamlo ooka padaanni vumchi phalaana chandassulo, phalaana vishayampai ooka padyam cheppamani vruchchakudu prasnanu sandistaadu. avadani ayah padaalanupayoginchi ardhavantamaina padhyaanni cheppadaniki prayathninchi nalaugu padealu cheppagane maroka vruchchakudu mro samasyatho addagistaadu. avadhaani antavaraku cheppina padyabhaganni alaage gurtu petkuni mro samasyaloki digali. yea dattapadulanu pruchchakudu vividha rakaluga adagavachhu. udaharanaku: asliila amangalakaramaina padealu : cheppu - cheta - chiipuru - peda aney padaalatoe sreekrushnadevaraayalu allasaanipeddanaku chosen satkaaram. swaarthathyaagapadaalu: antey aa padhaalaku unna ardhaalatho kakunda vaerae ardhamulo padyam cheppamani koradam. ooka avadhaanamlo plu - perugu - neeyi - nune yea padaalatoe ayaa padaala ardham raakunda bhaarathaarthamlo padyam cheppamani korabadindi. pounaruktya padealu: oche padaanni nalaugu paadaalaloo ardhabhedamtho poorinchamani adagadam. viparita padealu: dharmaja - bhiima - duryodhan - nakula aney padaalatoe ramayanarthamlo padyam. anyabhaashaapadaalu: thaajaa - khajaa - soja - jaja aney urduupadaalatoe seetaakalaanam. deesha/nagara/pattanha/graama/vyaktula naamaalu: jayaprada - smita - kaanchana - janaki aney padaalatoe ramayanarthamlo padyam. ardharahita padealu: dhvanyanukarana padealu: pilli - nalli - Bally - talli aney padaalatoe bhaarathaarthamlo padyam. sukara padealu: chanumu - kanumu - vinumu - konumu aney padaalatoe bhaarataparamgaa padyam. dushkara padealu:ushtramu - bhhrashtramu - rastram - loshtramu annana padaalatoe prathma kelhee varnana. samasya puuranam. vruchchakudu loka viruddhamgaa vunna vishayanni samasyagaa chessi ooka padhya paadaanni istaadu. avadani garu tanakicchina padhya paadamlooni loka viruddhamaina bhavanni virichi lokamodamaina bhaavamto padhyaanni poorinchaali. udaharanaku: kappanu chudanga pamu gajagaja lauden. yea padhya paadamlooni ardham loka viruddhamu. adae ardhamtoo padhyaanni evarainaa cheppagalaru. andulooni ardhaanni sajavuga marchi padyam cheppaali. avadhaani garu yea samasyanu sweekarinchi modati padhya paadamlo kontha bhaagamu cheppagane ...... atani dhaaranaku aantaraayaanni kaligisthuu mro vruchchakudu mro prasna sandistaadu. samasyaapuuranalaloo rakaalu padasamasavakya chamatkruthi - yea rakam puuranalaloo samasya mundhu padaanni venuka padhamthoo kalipi samasyanu ardhavantagaa puuristaaru. udaharanaku "sathi sathi gavayanga butra samthathi kaligen" aney samasyanu (tana soudha va)sathi ani mundhu paadamlo petti ardhavantamgaa poorinchabadindi. noothanakalpanaachamatruti - ichina samasyanu kothha kothha oohalatho poorinche vidhaanam. kramalankara chamatkruthi - yea rakam puuranalaloo chivari paadamlooni padhaalaku pienunna muudu paadaalaloo kramamga prashnala ruupamloe puurana umtumdi. udaharanaku "ravanudanna ramunaku ramunakun numa talli kodalau" aney samasyanu raavanudu - annana - ramunaku (raghuramuniki) - ramunakun (parasuraamuniki) - uma - talli - kodalu aney samaadhaanaalu vachevidhamgaa pai muudu paadaalaloo prasnalu untai. vatiki samadhanam varusaga naalugava paadamlo samasya ruupamloe ivvabadindi. slaesha chamatkruthi - oche padhaniki remdu arthaalu unnappudu ichina ardhamlo kakunda rendava ardhamlo puurimchavachchu. udaharanaku "pagalu sasaankudambaramupai vilasillu kalasamagrudai" aney samasyanu pagalu antey vudayam aney ardhamlo kaaka dveshaalu, vairalu aney ardhamlo ela yea pagalu? ani ooka avadhaani poorinchaadu. prasa chamatkruthi: clistamaina praasatho ichina samasyanu poorinchadam prasa chamakruthi krimdhaku osthundi. saankethika chamatkruthi: jyoothisha sanketaala chetagaani, itara sanketaala chetagaani poorinchabadina puuranalu saankethika chamatkruthi crinda pariganhinchabadataayi. udaharanaku "aarunu gori mooti korakai padokanduna kangalarchedin" aney samasyaku jyotishamuloni dvadashi chakramuloni arava raasi kanya, mudava raasi midhunamu, padukondava raasi kumbhamu aney ardhamtoo Karli kanyanu vivaahamai taruvaata midhunamai aa tarwata annamu (kumbham) koraku angalaarustaadu ani puurana cheyabadindhi. adhikshepa chamatkruthi: nindinche ledha bedirinche bhaavamto samasyalanu poorinchinavi adhikshepa chamatkruthi krimdhaku ostayi. apahaasya chamatkruthi: parihasanga, helanagaa, gaeli chese vidhamgaa puurinchina samasyalu yea vibhaganiki chendutaayi. ardhaantaranyaasa chamatkruthi: saamaanyamaina vishayanni visheshangaa cheppe ukti ardhaantaranyaasa chamatkruthi. kakuswara chamatkruthi sabdagatartha chamatkruthi lokokti chamatkruthi lokagnataa chamatkruthi pounaruktya chamatkruthi chaarithraka chamatkruthi chhandoniguda chamatkruthi varnana vruchchakudu aedo ooka chandassulo, aedo ooka vishayanni varnistuu ooka padyam cheppamantaadu. avadhaanigaaru aa nirdhishtamaina chandassulo aa vishyamai varnanaatmakamaina padyam cheppaali. veetilo anek rakaalaina varnanalu unnayi. daivastuti, puraanha sanbandhamaina varnanalu, prabandhaalaloni varnanalu, chitrakavitvaalu, bhaashaantareekarana padyaalu, anyapadesa padyaalu, prathi padyaalu anagaa suprasiddhamaina ooka padhyaanni ichi adae ardham vachchaetatlu inkoka chhandassulo varninchadam, alpavishayamu - bruhatpadyam (udaa: domakalu - mahasragdhara vruttamlo), bruhadvishayamu - alpapadyam (udaa: dasavataralu - kandapadyamlo), achhatelugu padyaalu, samakaaleena rajakeeya, sanghika vishaya padyaalu, shaastreeya padyaalu, aasiirvachana padyaalu ila avadhanalalo anek vidhaaluga varnanaamsaanni puurinchaaru. aasuvu vruchchakudu ooka vishayaannichi adiginde tadavugaa, alochinchukokunda ventane aashuvugaa chandobaddhamaina padhyaanni aa vishayanni girinchi cheppaali. avadhaani chhandassaastramlo praveenudai vruttaalu, jaathulu, upajaatulaloni padyalakshanaalanu ouposana patti vundali. padyaalu chebutunnappudu ganaalu, yatulu, praasalu avantata awai vaati sthaanaalaloo vachi kudurukovali. puraanha patanam: vruchchakudu puranam, itihasam, prabandham, kavya ilanti grandhaalalo ooka pradhaana ghattaalalo nundi edaina okati remdu padyaalanu chadhivi vinipistaadu avadhaanigaariki. avadhaanigaaru aa padyaalanu viny ..... aa padyaalu e grandhamloonivi, aa gramtha kartha yavaru? aa sandarbamedi vento vishayalu.... puraanha pakkeelo cheppaali... avadhaani garu aa vishayanni girinchi aalochistundagaa....... mro vruchchakudu mro prasna sandistaadu. avadaanigaaru atanni 'kontha sepu aagu ' ani anakundaa atani prasna vindaniki sidda padaali. aprastuta prasamgam piena cheppina samasyalu avadhaani gaari ghnaapaka saktiki, atani dharana shakthini pareekshinchevi. aa yaa vishyaala girinchi teevramgaa alochistuu vumdagaa yea vruchchakudu pratuta vishayaniki purtiga viruddhamaina vishayanni girinchi ooka konte prasna sandistaadu. avadhaani yekaagratanu chedagottadaaniki aprastuta prasangi (pruchchakulalo okaru) cheyani prayathnam undadhu. udaharanaku ooka sabhalo okayana "avadhaani gaaruu, bharta bhojanam cheestunnaadu bhaarya vaddistondi. bharta pasuva annaadu. bhaarya kothi andi. vaari matallo aantharyamemiti" ani adigaaru. danki avadhaani... "pallem nindaa shubramgaa vaddinchave" ani bharta antey "korinanta Mangan" ani bhaarya javaabichindi ani cheppaadu. "hanumanthuni thooka peddada-droupadi coca peddada" vantivi marikonni udaaharanalu. avadhaani, aprastuta prasangi visire chhaloktuluu chenukulaku tadumukokunda cheppagaligithene sabha sobhistundi. endhukante, padyaaluu chhandassula girinchi teliyanu varini aakattukunedi yea aprastuta prasangame. vyastakshari idi dhaaranaku sambamdhinchina amsamu. yea amsamlo ooka vakyam ledha padyamlooni aksharaalu ledha padhaalaku ankelu vaysi vatini veruverugaa kattirimchi vatiki cramamu thappinchi avadhanamu jaruguthunnappudu madhyamadhyalo avadhaniki andistaaru. avadhaani aa kaagitapu mukkaloo unna aksharanni ledha padaanni chadhivi gurtu petkuni aa kaagitapu mukkalanu pakkak padavestaadu. avadhaanam chivaraloo aa aksharaalanu/padalanu kramamlo paerchi vakyanni/padhyaanni appajepputaadu. yea amsamlo avadhaanulu telegu bhaasha Bara kaaka samskrutam, inglishu, aravam, hiindi taditara basha vaakyaalanu kudaa appajepputaaru. madabhushi venkatacharyulu yea amsaanni yenimidhi bhashalalo chesudu. chhandobhashanam yea amsamlo pruchchakudu, avadhaani padyaalalo sambhaashistaaru. pruchchakudu prasnanu ooka padyamloe kanni ooka padhya bhagamlo kanni adigithe avadhaani samaadhaanaanni aa padyam migilina bhagamlo porthi chestad. puraanha patanam saastraarthamu ekasanthagrahanam anuvaadham chitrakshari akkashare vinyaasam sveeya kavitaganam ghantaa gananam ghantaa gananam anagaa appudappudu Haora kodutuntaaru. avadhaani aa sankhyanu lekkinchi motham yenni gantalu kottaro chivaraloo cheppalsi umtumdi. ghantavadhanam yea amsaanni saadharanamga janta avadhaanaalaalo pradarsistaaru. yea amsaanni dhulipala mahadevamani praveshapettaadu. idi ooka vidhamgaa Dumb charades vantidhi. ooka avadhaniki pruchchakudu ooka padm kanni ooka vakyam conei chebuthaadu. aa avadhaani ooka steelu pallempai garitatho kanni, spoonutho kanni shabdam chestad. aa sabdaanni batti rendava avadhaani aa padaanni/ vakyanni chebuthaadu. pushpa gananam pushpa gananamu anagaa avadhaniki tagilela appudappudu pushpaalu visurutuntaaru. aayana aa puula sankhyanu lekkinchi motham yenni puulu visiraro chivaraloo cheppalsi umtumdi. vaara gananam panchanga gananam kaavyaanukaranam sangeetam mee prashnaku Mon paata avadhaana kramam namoonaa avadhaanam ila jarudutundhi. 1.ippati varku ooka aavrutam Bara puurtayimdi. e okkarikee porthi samadhanam ivvakane mro vruchchakudu addu tagilaadu. yea saree rendo aavrutamlo (rendo roundu) tirigi modati vruchchakudu naaprasnaku samadanamedi ani prasnistaadu. athanadigina prasnemito entavaraku samaadaana michado gurtu pettukoni aa padyamloe rendo paadam cheppaali. modati vruchchakuniko samadhanam porthi kaaka mundhey rendo vruchchakudu naasangatemitani adugutaadu. atanaki intaku mundhu entavaraku samadhanamu chepparo gurtu pettukoni migta samaadaana bhaganni puurichi cheppaali. imtaloe moodo vruchchakudu.... ila okari tarwata marokaru thaamu idhivaraku sandinchina prasnalu cheppakundaa tamaku ravalasina samaadhaanalanu gurinchey adugutaaru. avadhaanigaaru ....... meeku entha varku samadanamu cheppaanu? ani adaga kunda aa vishayanni manasuloonee vuuhimchukuni tharuvaathi padhya paadaanni poorinchi samadhanamu cheppaali. aa vidhamgaa naalugo rounduloo Bara prathi vruchchakuniki porthi samadanamu osthundi. avadhaanulevarainaa vruchchakulu adigina prasnalaku chandhobaddamaina padyaalatho samadhanamu cheppadame kadhu aa samaadhaanaalu athantha rasavattaramgaa, manoejnamgaa. sadarana prekshakula saitam aakattu kune vidhamgaa vutaayi. andulone avadhaani gaari goppatanam, pragnaa vuntaayi. aa vidhamgaa anni niyamaalatho padyaalu cheppadam ooka ettaite nalaugu roundlu puurtavagaanae aa padyaalannitinii dhaarana chessi adae kramamlo yeka dhaatigaa vatini apopaginchadam mro etthu. idhey yea avadhaana kaaryakramamlo goppavishayam. ola ashtavadhana karyakram chaala kolahalamga anandha bharitamgaa mugusthundi. 3 samasya puuranam annana pai vishayamlo kappanu judanga pamu gajagaja laden. idi asamajamainadi. (anagaa kappanu chudaga pamu gajagaja laadi bhayapadu. aa aarthaanni maarpu chesoo aksharaalanu aemaathramu marchakunda poorinchaali) aney padhya paadaanni poorvam ooka samasyagaa icchaaru ooka avadhaani gaariki. danki avadhaanigaaru puurinchina samadanamu porthi padyam loni bhawam chudandi. venkappa aney rautu tana polamvadda nunna kuppalaku kaavalikai veluthuu ooka karranu, kirru cheppulunu dharinchi velutunte atanni chusi anagaa venkappanu judanga pamu gajagaja lauden. yea puurana entha adhbhuthanga vundo....... 4.puvvulu visuruta: avadhaana kaaryakramamu jarugutundagaa okaru avadani pyki appudappudu okka puvvunu visuru tadu. avadhaanam porthi kaagaanae tanapaiki yenni puvvulu visiraro gurtu pettukoni kacchitamaina samadhanam cheppaali avadhaani garu. 6. gantalu kottuta. avadhaanam jaruguthunnappudu okaru Haora kodutuntaadu. avadhaanam puurtavagaanee., athanu yenni gantalu kottado gurtu pettukoni avadhaani garu cheppaali. puvvulu visaratam, gantalu kottatam aney remdu ansaalu remdu vudavu. yea renti vuddesam okkate gaana aedo okkate vuntundi. adi kudaa piena cheppina yenimidhi amsaalaloo okadhaani badhuluga yea rentilo okka daanni vunchu tharu. elaadainaa yenimidhi amsaalundaali anede nibaddhana. ashtavadhanam ashtaavadhaanamlo yenimidhi prakreeyalu oksari cheyyali. kaneesa samayam nalaugu gantalu. saadharanamga kindhi prakriyalanu ennukuntaru. kavya paathamu kavithvamu saastraarthamu aakaasapuraanamu lokabhiramayanamu vyastakshari (ledha) nyastakshari chadarangamu pushpa gananamu ivae kakunda kontamandi samasyaapuuranam, dattapadi, varnana, aasuvu, nishiddhaakshari, aprastuta prasamgam, vivargakshari, nirdishtaakshari, ghantaa gananam, puraanha patanam, saha patanam, kaavyokti, ichchaanka sloka modhalagu vatilo yenimidhi prakreeyalu ennukuntaru. chivaraloo "dhaarana"thoo avadhaanam mugusthundi. dhaarana anagaa aa avadhaanamlo thaanu cheppina anni padyaalanu avadhaani chivaraloo cheppavalasina umtumdi. ashtaavadhaanamulo ivvabadina yenimidhi amsaalaloo swalpa tedaaluntaayi. shataavadhaanam vandha mandhi pruchchakulanu edurkoni chese avadhaanaanni shataavadhaanam antaruu. saadharanamga sataavadhaanamlo samasya, dattakshari, varnana, aprastuta prasamgam ansaalu untai. dasavadhaanam dasaavadhaanamu anagaa yeka kaalamuna vilakshanamulagu padivishayamulapai dheepatimanu prasarimpajesi, evishayamunanu buddhi kusalata sadalimpaka, veegipoka sahrudayavatamsulache shirah kampamu cheyinchu konaka vidyavinodamu, ashtavadhanamu vale padi amsamulapai chittamu ekagramonarchi chaeyu avadhanamu. aasukavita anu lekhinyaadiparikara saahaayamu lekaye, taduvukonakunda, dhaaraavaahikamuga, aadigina vishayamunu goorchi salakshanamagu chandhobaddha rachana monarinchuta. dheenini chosen okakavi peruu teliyakunnanu aatani dasaavadhaanakavi annana birudu maatramu vyaaptinondinadi. eekavi slokamokati usa.sha.1689 sam. na rachinchabadina chaturbhujuni rasakalpadrumamu na udaharimpabadindi. hinduism pathrika (13-12-1949)loo madrasunagaramuna p.aarmugampilla yanu ooka dravidakavi dasaavadhaana monarinchenaniyu, andali padavishayamulalo okati jyotisastra kausaladyotakamaniyu prakatimpabadenu. andu aatadu, venukati aamgla samvatsaramokati perkoni yenela yethidhi yevara maguno cheppenata.adhunika kaalamlo ralli prasad 'dasavadhaanam' prakreeyalo vachanaavadhaanaanni nirvahincharu. sataghantaavadhaanam dheenini chosen vaaralo paerugaanchina kavi shree vidwan abhinavapanditaraaya madabhushi venkatacharyulu garu. vividha aakruthulu, parimaanamuluu gala 100 kanchu chembulapai sankhyalu vestaaru. vatini avadhaniki kanabadakunda vaerae gadhiloo unchi, okkokka chembu sankhyanu cheppi, ooka karratho kodataru. appudu sabdaanni viny avadhaani gurtu petkovali. ola anni chembulanuu sanka cheppi karratho kodataru. aa taruvaata, tana istham vacchina riithiloo aedo ooka chembunu kodataru. avadhani aa sabdaanni batti aa chembu sanka entho cheppaali. idi shatha ghantavadhanamulo mukhyamaina procedure. sahasravadhanam dvi sahasravadhanam tri sahasravadhana natyavadhanam kondaru avadhaanulu avadhaani jagganath panditha raayalu moghul chakraverthy shahjahan naa tana dharana saktitoe meppinchina ditta. ajjada adibhatla naryana dhaasu (1864-1945) - ashtavadhanam chesaru. vyastaaksharilo bhaagamgaa 50 padaala greeku paatyaanni varusalo paerchi cheppadam viiri avadhaanamlo ooka vishishtata. asaadhya ashtavadhanam aney prakriyanu kudaa nirvahincharu. indhulo sangeetam kudaa bhaagam. asaamaanyamaina thaala gnanam vundali kabaadi dinni asaadhya ashtavadhanam ani annatu. yea avadhaanamlo padamugguru pruchchakulu paalgonevaarani rallabandi kavitaprasad cheppaaru. "ooka pallavi paadutuu, remdu kaallatoo remdu veruveru taalhaalu vesthu, remdu chetulato mro remdu taalhaalu vesthu vundali -evanni pruchchakudu cheppina shruthilo veyyali" [2006. avadhaana vidya - aaramba vikaasaalu. sahrudaya sahithya, samskruthika samshtha, hanamkondap. 48. & 237.]. naryana dhaasu yekakaalamlo puncha, shutt taalhaalu kudaa vesevaaru. aati sangeeta, saahityakaarulu aayannu laya braham, panchmukhi parameswara, sangeeta sahithya sarvabhouma aney birudulatoe gowravinchaaru. Tirupati vaenkata kavulugaa prasiddhulaina jantakavulu divakarla Tirupati shastry (1871-1919), chellapilla vaenkata shastry (1870-1950) - viiru avadhaana prakriyaku thama kaalamlo jeevam poesi enalaeni prajaadaranha sadhincharu. viiri pamdityaanni, chamatkara chaturatanu goorchi ippatikee sahiti priyulu kadhalu kathalugaa cheppukontaaru. kopparapu sodhara kavulu - (koppurapu vaenkata subbaraya kavi, vaenkata ramanan kavi) Tirupati vaenkata kavula samakaaleenulu. merupu vaegamtho padyaalanu alladam viiri pratyekata. vaenkata ramkrishna kavulu - Tirupati vaenkata kavula samakaaleenulu pisupati chidambara shastry - 1930-40 lalooni goppa avadhaanulalo okadu vaenkata ramkrishna kavulu - prakyatha janta kavulu rajashekar venkataseshakavulu - prakyatha janta kavulu palnaati sodarakavulu - prakyatha janta kavulu devulapally sodarakavulu - viiru muguru srirameshwara kavulu - janta kavulu kakarla kondalarao aamudaala murali adhunika kaalamlo ralli prasad :prayoogaathmaka, prayojanaatmaka kavi.telegu kavitvamloe tolisariga vachana kavitvamlooni anni 1.abyudaya kavitvam, 2.viplava kavitvam, 3.digambara kavitvam, 4.strri vaadha kavitvam, 5.dhalitha vaadha kavitvam, 6.muslimvaada kavitvam, 7.anubhuuti vaadha kavitvam 8.prakruthi vaadha kavitvam, 9.haiqu modhalagu prakriyalaloo avadhaanaanni chessi jaateeya recordulu sadhincharu.vachana kavitvamloe mahaa sahasravadhaanaalu nirvahincharu. saadharanamga avadhaanaalu mundastu pathakam prakaaram jarugutaayanedi chaaala chotla chustuntamu. viiru avadhaanaalu bahiranganga antey sabhaku vacchina vaaricchina samasyalanu poorinchi avadhaanam porthi cheeyadam visaesham. vachana kaviga 1.tamas, 2.raalina puulu, 3.amani, 4.ala ooka kala, 5.swapnabhasha, 6.punasaneeda, 7.matti, 8.eleru tiiraana 9.tadanamtaram, 10.kunkumarekha, 11.aalfa-omega, 12.ooka raastaanu modhalagu kaavyaalu rachincharu. Kakinada nivasi. viiri guruvu tholutha ryali venkatraavu, kalahamsa, vidyaaratna, vachana kavita visaarada birudu.jaateeya staayilo aneka puraskaralu pondhaaru. dr garikipati narasimharao . veyi mandhi pruchchakulatho avadhaanam chessi mahaa sahasraavadhaani aney, mundhu cheppina velaadi padyaalu kramamlo malli cheppi dharana braham rakshasudu aney birudulu pondadu. doopaati sampatkumaaraachaarya 1932 mee 18 na oorugallu pattanhamloo janminchaaru. viiri talli prakhtaati gaanchina kayithri shreemathi seshamma garu. thandri seshaachaaryulu garu. viiru praadhimika vidyanu warangallu loanu, machilipatnam loanu porthi chessi, yess.yess.emle.sini mathram palakollu porthi chesar. aa tarwata 1962loo hanmakondalo b.ekd. sikshanhanu porthi chesar. viiru 1965 va samvatsaramlo osmania viswa vidyalayam nundi pravetugaa chachivi telugulo em.e pattanu pondhaaru. dvisataavadhaanigaa prakhtaati vahimchina rallabandi kavita prasad gaari oddha sampatkumaaru garu avadhanamu cheyutalo vunna melukuvalu, rahasyalanu nerchukunnaru. viiru remdu vandalaku paigaa ashtavadhaanaalu chosen pramukhulu. dr medasani krishnamohan. (jananam epril 19, 1954) ashtavadhaanaalu, sataavadhaanaalu, ooka sahasravadhanam chesudu. iteevale panchasahasraavadhaanam nirvahinchi sahiti charithraloo apuurva ghattaanni saakshaatkarimpacheshaadu. tirumal Tirupati devasthaanam vaari annamaachaarya prajectu dirctor gaaa sevalandistunnadu. dr maadugula nagaphani sarma. telugulonu, samskrutamlonu kudaa avadhaanaalu nirvahinchagala ditta. kadimilla varaprasada. palu ashtavadhaanaalu, satavadhanale kaaka avadhaana prakreeyalo shishyudu kota lakshmeenarasimhamtho kalisi janta sahasravadhanam kudaa nirvahincharu. avadhaanulugaa raanistunna kota lakshminarasimham, vaddiparti padhmaakar laku avadhaana procedure nerpi teerchididdi "guru sahasraavadhaani"gaaa peromdaaru. surabhi sankara sarma. telugulonu, samskrutamlonu kudaa avadhaanaalu nirvahinchagala ditta. ashtakaala narasimharamasarma. avadhaana prakriyapai vishesha parisoedhana jaripanu. vruttireetyaa upaadhyaayudu. 150paigaa avadhaanaalu chesudu . dr rallabandi kavita prasad vividha nuuthana prakreeyalu praveshapettaadu.500paigaa avadhaanaalu chesudu. telanganalo- dr orr.ganesh 17paigaa bhashalalo praarveenyam unna vyakti. 8 bhashalalo 500paigaa avadhaanaalu chesudu. neural ramareddy vaiesar jalla produtturu pattanhaaniki chendina viiru orientel kalaasaala prinsipal gaaa padav viramanha chesar. ashtaavadhaani. anek avadhaanaalu chesar. chamatkaram viiri pratyekata. americaaloo avadhaanaalu chessi mannanalu pondhaaru. daa।।immadoju bhadraiah ।। cuum naamadheyam viswa. kalam paerutoe kalsi i.b.viswa gaand vyavahrutulu. 18 samvatsaraala praayamloone badra narsimha satakamu vraasi prassiddhi chendhaaru. viiri viswa geyanaatikalu mudigonda shivaprasad, sanjeevdev gaarala vento prasiddhula mannanalu pondaayi. viiru okappati Karimnagar‌ jillaaloo boinipalli mandalamlooni mallapuram gramamlo janminchaaru.yea gramam prasthutham sircilla rajanna jillaaloo cherchabadindi . viiri tallidamdrulu lakshmamma rajaveerayya gaaralu. viiri thandri garu vaastu jyotishamulo nishnaatulu. navyakavitvamlo bhavakavitvam-visleshana pihech.di siddhaata gramtham. dr i.b. vishwagaaru sathavahana yunivarsitiloo Karimnagar loanu avadhaanaalu chesar.dr gandra lakshmanarao hariprasad sarma krishnamoorthy shastry vento uddhandulu pruchchakulu viiri avadhanalalo paalgonnaru . avusula bhanuprakash. medhak jalla boorugupallilo putti perigi, osmania vishvavidyaalayanloo emme, em.fill patta puchukoni bhashopadhyayulayugaa sangaareddilo sthiira nivaasam yerparachukonnaru.telegu bhashopadhyayuniga, prabhutva paatyapustaka rachayitagaa, vishayanipunulugaa, jillaaloo pramukha vyakhyaatagaa, metukuseema sahiti samskruthika samsthanirvaahakunigaa labdha pratishtulaina viiru nalabhaiki paigaa ashtavadhaanaalu porthi chesar. panchasahasraavadhaanulu jandyala subramanian shastry medasani mohun dvisahasraavadhaanulu maadugula nagaphani sarma. sahasraavadhaanulu medasani mohun, maadugula nagaphani sarma, garikapati narasimharao. vachanaavadhaanam ryali prasad yea procedure roopashilpi. dvisataavadhaanulu rallabandi kavita prasad, kadimilla varaprasada, garikapati narasimharao, maadugula nagaphani sarma, ryali prasad. sataavadhaanulu cheru satyanarayna shastry medasani mohun palnaati sodarakavulu jaana durga mallikarjunarao surabhi sankarasarma sea.v.subbanna garikapati narasimharao thaathaa sundeep sarma chilla pichchayyasaastri kondapi muralikrushna kota vaenkata lakshminarasimham gannavaran lalitaditya neural ramareddy rallabandi kavitaprasad abbireddy perayyanayudu gauribhatla venkataramasarma maadugula vaenkata suryah prasaadaraaya kavi gandluri dattatreyasarma maadugula nagaphani sarma dorbhala prabhaakarasarma shreeraama narasimhamoorthi kavulu palaparti shyaamalaanandaprasaadpaa shyaamalaananda prasad burada gunneswarasastri vaddiparti padhmaakar dokuri kotla baalabrahmaachaaryulu kadimilla varaprasada rambhatla paarvateeshwara sarma jandyala subrahmanyasastri ashtaavadhaanulu prasaadaraaya kulapathi ashtakaala narasimharamasarma dittakavi shreenivaasaachaaryulu indaarapu kishen raao bulusu venkatarama ramamoorthy divakarla venkataavadhaani vellala narasimhasarma doniparti ramanaiah meduru umamaheswaram gadiyaaram seshaphanisarma dhulipala mahadevamani kesapragada satyanarayna sankaraganti ramakanth gadepalli kukkuteswar raao aamalladinne venkatarama ramanaprasad gauribhatla raghuramasarma guruvepalli narsimham muddhu rajayya maringanti kulasekhara chaaryulu palaparti veenhugoopaal bethavolu ramabrahman rallabandi nagabhushanasarma tigulla raadhaakrhushnha sarma karra gopalam panatula raameshwara sarma doopaati sampatkumaaraachaarya kuruba nagappa gauribhatla ramakrishnasarma kothapally ghanashyamala prasaadaraavu paanyam lakshminarasimhasharma kovela suprasannacharya pusapati nageshwararao kota raajasheekhar kattamuru chndrasekhar chakraala lakshmikantarajarava vitaala chandramoulisastri andhe venkatarajamu chilukuri ramabhadrasastri loka jagannatha shastry sirisinahal srimannarayanacharya chiwhuvuri sriramasarma rambhatla paarvateeswarasarma parimi ramanarasimham ayachitam nateswarasharma pullaapantula venkatarama ramasarma revuri ananath padmanabharao kaavuri puurnachandraraavu bejugama ramamoorthy chintalapati narsimha deekshita sarma devulapally viswanaadham majeti venkatarama nagalakshmiprasad mutukula padmanabharao panitapu ramamoorthy medavaram mallikarjunasharma vankaraju kaluva veerabhadraachaaryulu tigulla sriharisarma aasaavaadi prakasaravu josyula sadaanandasaastri panidapu veerabrahmam maadugula aneel‌kumar peraala bharatasarma madduri ramamuurti avadhaanam ranganadha vaachaspati bhadhram vaenu gopalacharyulu surabhi venkatarama hanumanturao paravastu danunjaya chilukamarri ramanujacharyulu vedaati raghupathy thaathaa sundeep sarma ganapathy ashoke sarma narayanam baala subrahmanyasarma gouripeddi ramasubbasarma arutla rangacharya gumma sankararao daa.palaparti shyaamalaananda prasad tatavarti shree kalyaana chakraverthy, melbourne, austrelia avusula bhanuprakash vachana kavitva avadhaanam ryali prasad : telegu bashalo tholi saarigaa vachana kavitvamlooni anni prakriyalaloo dasavadhaanam nirvahinchi telegu kavithwaniki vishishtatanu chekuurchaaru. moolaalu bayati linkulu avadhanamu - samasyaapuurana telegu sahithya prakreeyalu

vinayakudu, ledha ganesudu, ganapathy, vighneshwara hinduism devulalo bagaa prassiddhi chendina, ekkuvaga aaraadhinchabade Dewas. aenugu ruupamloe kanipincha yea Dewas swarupam bharatadesamlone kaaka, nepaul, srilanka, thaai laand, baali, bangladeshs deshaalloonuu, bharatiyulu ekkuvaga nivasinche fizi, marishas, trinidad- tubago lanty deshaallo ekkuvaga kanipistundhi. hinduvullo pradhaanamgaa aidurakaalaina panchaayatana saampradaayam unnaa, vaatitoe sambandam lekunda andaruu ganapatini aaraadhinchadam kadhu. ganesudi patla bakthi jaina, bouddhamataalloki kudaa vistrutamgaa vyaapinchindi. ganeshuni anek vishaeshanhaalathoo varninchinappatikii aenugu mukham will aayananu sulabhamgaa gurtinchavacchu. ganesudini atamkalanu tolaginchevaadigaa (vighneshwara), kalalaku, sastraalaku adhipathigaa, buddhiki, ghnaanaaniki aaradhyudigaa bhaavimchi pujalu chesthuntaru. panlu praarambhinchaetapudu krutuvullo, poojallo prathma puuja ganapatiki chesthuntaru. human jeevitamlo vidya praarambha samayamlo chese aksharaabhyaasamlo kudaa ganapatini poojisthaaru. aayana puttuka, leelala girinchi anek puranic grandhaalu vivaristoo unnayi. rugvedamloni 2.23.1 shlokamlo braahmanaspatini vedha kalapu ganapatigaa pariganistaaru. usa. sha 1va sathabdam naatike ganesudu ooka pratyekamaina daivamgaa avatarinchaadu. conei usa.sha 4 nunchi 5 va sataabdamloo guptula kaalam natiki vaedakaalamlooni, antaku mundhu kalapu puurvagaamula lakshanaalanu santarinchukunnadu. shaiva saampradaayam prakaaram ganapathy punarjeevitudaina shivu paarvatula putrude conei, ganapathy anni hinduism sampradaayaalloonuu kanipistaadu. ganaapatyamlo vinayakudu sarvothkrushtamaina Dewas. ganesudi girinchi vivarimchae mukhyamaina grandhaalu ganesha puranam, mudgala puranam, ganapathy adharvaseersham, braham puraanhamu, brahmaanda puranam, enka mro remdu puranic vijnana sastralu mukyamainavi. pada vyutpatti vinayakudiki anek perlunnaayi. ganapathy, ganesudu, vighneshwara, lamboodarudu modalainavi. shree aney gouravavachakaanni yea perla mundhu vaadutuntaaru. ganam antey ooka samuham. pathy ledha eesha antey yajamaani, nayakan ani ardham. ikda ganaalu antey ganesudi andriyeina shivudi sienyaalu. ganam antey sadarana ardhamlo ooka vargham, tharagathi, sangham ledha samshtha ani kudaa bhaavinchavachchu. hinduism mathamloo vinaayakuni praamukhyata bhaaratadaesamloe vinayakudini ganesudu, ganapathy, vighneshwara, gananathudu, pillaiyar vento anek naamaalatoe archistaaru. hinduumatamloo poojimpabade anek devatamurtulalo dadapu anni sampradaayaalaloonu, anni praantaalaloonu bahulamgaa archimpabade Dewas vinayakudu. shaivam, vaishnavam, shaaktheyam, jainam, bouddhamlaloonu, bhaaratadaesam velupala cheenaa, nepaul, teebet, jjapan, indonidia vento deshaalalonu kudaa vinaayakudu archanna Pali. vinayakuniki anek namamulu, perlu unnayi. kanni antataa athantha prasfutamgaa gurtimpabade lakshanhaalu - aenugu mukham, yaeluka vaahanam, addamkulu tholaginche gunam, vidyaa, buddhi pradaata . dharmika, loukika kaaryakramaala (vrathamu, yagnamu, parikshalu vraayadam, illu kattadam vantivi) arambamlo vinayakudini stutinche ledha poojinchee aanavaayitii sarvasaadhaaranam. vaidika kaalamnundi, antakumundu unna konni viswaasaalu vinaayakuni suuchistunnappatikii usa.sha. 4va, 5va sataabdaalaloo, pratyekinchi guptula kaalamlo vinayakuniki ippudu manam poojinchee roopam, lakshanhaalu, sampradaayalu dharmika samaakamloe roopudiddukunnatlu anipisthundhi. taruvaata vinaayakuni puuja chaaala vaegamgaa praacuryam pondindi. 9va sataabdamloo smaartula panchayatanamlo ooka vibhaagam ayyindi. vinayakudu andarikante atyunnatamaina bhagavantudu (deevadeevudu) ani viswasimchae gaanapatya samajam yea kaalamlo erpadindi. vinaayakuni girinchi telipae mukhyamaina dharmika grandhaalu - ganesha puraanhamu, mudgala puraanhamu, ganapathy atharvasheershamu. swarupam bhartia shilpa, chitra kalaloo vinaayakuni moorteekarana vistrutamgaa, chaaala vaividhyamtoe kanipistundhi. kaala kramamlo vinaayakuni chithrinche, silpinche vidhaanam maaruthuu vastunnadi. nilabadinatlugaanu, nruthyam chestunnatlugaanu, rakshasulato iddam chestunnatlugaanu, kutumbamlo baluniga aadukontunnatlugaanu, naelapai koorchunnatlu, simhaasanaaseenudainatlu - ila vividha sanniveshaalalo ganapathy siplaalu, chithraalu kanipisthunataayi. usa.sha. 2va sathabdam natiki shreelankalo vinaayakudu vigrahalu unnatlu thelusthunnadi. mihintaleloni kantakachaityamlo labhinchina vinaayaka vigraham cree.poo. 1va sataabdaaniki chendinadani anchana vessaru. manaku labhinchina ganesha vigrahaalaloo idhey athantha puraathanamainadhi. indhulo oche dantam kaligina marugujju, itara marugujjulato pariveshtimpabadinatlu choopabadindi. 6va sathabdam natiki bhaaratadaesamloe vinaayakuni vigrahalu saadhaaranamayyaayi. vinayakudu ooka pratyekamaina devunigaa gurthimpabadina taruvaata, vinaayaka pooje sampradaayam sthirapadina taruvaata - antey 900-1200 kaalam taruvaata - vinaayakuni aakaram saadharanamga kudiprakka chepina vigrahamvale untu vacchindi. aenugu tala, banapotta, okacheta virigina dantam, marokachetilo unna laddoonu sprusistunna tondam - ivi saadharanamga kanipincha chihnalu. ellora guhalalo marinta puraathanamaina (7va sataabdaaniki chendina) ganesha vigraham labhinchindi kanni andhulo chetula chihnalu spashtangaa teliyadamledu. saadharanamga vinaayakuni vigrahaalaloni paichetulalo okacheta ankusam maroka chetha pasam kanipistaayi. krindhi chethulalo okacheta dantam, marokacheta laddoo unnatlu chooputhaaru. adhunika rupees dantam unna chethi badhulu abhayamudralo unna chethini chuuputunnaaru. nruthyam chestunnatlunna ganapathy moorthulalo kudaa nalaugu chethulanu ilaane chooputhuntaaru. vigrahalu, chithraalu aadata nundi vinayakudini enugutalatone chithreekaristunnaarana. ila aenugu tala undadaaniki anek puraanha gaathalunnaayi. "heramba ganapathy"ni iidu talalatho chooputhaaru. vinayakuniki yeka dantudu annana peruu modati nundi Pali. chaaala puraathanamaina vigrahaalaloo kudaa vinayakudu tana virigina dantaanni chetabattukonnatluga choopaaru. mudgala puranam prakaaram vinaayakuni rendava avataaram "ekadantavataram". alaage peddha potta kudaa modati nundi (guptula kaalamnundi) vinaayakuni shilpaalalo kanipistunnana amsham. mudgala puraanamloo cheppina remdu avataaraalu (herambudu, mahodarudu) yea peddapotta aney amsamyokka praamukhyatanu suchisthunnayi. buthha, bhavishyath, varthamaana kaalaalaku chendina sakala jagatthoo tana udaramlo unchukonnanduna atanaki "lamboodarudu" aney peruu vachindani brahmaanda puraanhamuloo Pali. vinayakuniki remdu chetula nundi, 16 chetula varku chooputhaaru. saadharanamga nalaugu chetulato siplaalu, chithraalu chestaaru. puraathanamaina vigrahaalaloo mathram remdu chetulane choopaaru. 9va, 10va sataabdaalaloo 14 nundi 20 chetula varku unna pratimalu chekkaaru. vinaayakuni chitreekaranalo pamu kudaa chaaala saadharanamga kanipistundhi. idi anek vidhaaluga chuupabadutumdi. ganesha puraanhamu prakaramu vinayakudu vasuki (pamu) ni tana kantaaniki chuttukonnadu. mari konni moorthulalo pamu yagnopaveetamgaa choopabadindi. ente kakunda pamu udaraabharanamgaa (molataadu lagaa), chetilo unnatlugaa, kaallavadda chuttukoni unnatlugaa, simhaasanamgaa - ila anek vidhaaluga choopabadindi. vinaayakudu nudhuru medha tilakam, konni sarlu mudava netram chooputhaaru. ganesha puranam prakaaram vinaayakuni tala medha tilaka chihnam, chandravanka kudaa untai. mukhyamgaa "balachandra vinayakudu" aney ruupamloe chandravankanu chooputhaaru vinaayakuni vividha roopaalaku vividha varnaalu aapaadimpabaddaayi. vitini girinchi sritatvanidhi aney silpagranthamlo cheppabadindi. udaharanaku heramba ganapatini, runamochana ganapatini thellupu ranguloonu, ekadanta ganapatini neelirangulonu, durgaaganapatini bagare varnamloonu, srushtiganapatini yerupu ranguloonu chooputhaaru. vaahanam adhikanga vinayakuniki vaahanamgaa elukanu chooputhaaru. mottamodati kaalamlo vacchina vinaayaka vigrahaalaloo vahananni chuupaleedu. mudgalapuraanamlo vinaayakuni yenimidhi avataaraalu cheppabadinayi. (vakratunda, ekadanta, mahodara, gajavaktra, lambodara, vikata, vighnaraja, dhumravarna avataaraalu). aa yenimidhi avataaraalalo iidu avataaraalaku vaahanam yaeluka. vakratunda avataaram vaahanam simham. vikata avataaram vaahanam nemali. vighnaraja avataaram vaahanam seshuvu. ganesha puraanamloo nalaugu avataaraalu prastaavimpabadinaayi. andhulo mahotaka avataaram vaahanam simham. mayureshwar avataaram nemali. dhoomraketu avataaram gurram. gajaananuni avataaram yaeluka. jainula sampradaayaalalo ganeshuniki yaeluka, aenugu, thaabeelu, pottelu, nemali vahanalu vividha sandarbhaalalo cheppabadinayi. (chuupabadinaayi) 7va sathabdam nundi Madhya, paschima bhaaratamlo vacchina shilpaalalo elukanu chepdam modalayyindani Martin-Dubost abhipraayapaddaadu. likhitha grandhaalalo matasya puraanhamuloo mottamodataga yaeluka vaahanam girinchi vraayabadindi. taruvaata brahmaanda puraanhamu, ganesha puraanhamulaloo yea wasn Pali. chivari avathaaramlo elukanu vaahanamgaa chesukonnatlu ganesapuranamlo Pali. ganapathy adharvaseersham aney grandhamlo ooka dhyaan sloka prakaaram vinaayakuni dhwajammeeda yaeluka umtumdi.. ganapathy sahasranamalalo "muushika vahana", "akhuketana" aney perlunnaayi. yaeluka vaahanam sanketanni anek vidhaaluga vivaristaaru - yaeluka taamasa pravruttiki chihnam. kanuka kaamakrodhaalanu anaga drokkadam anagaa elukapai svaarii cheeyadam. pantalaku haani kaliginchae elukanu adupu cheeyadam anagaa vighnaalanu nivarinchadam ani maroka vivarana Pali. idi gramadevata lakshanaalalo okati elukanekkinanduna vinayakudu ekkadikainaa vellagaladani (sarvaantaryaami) maroka Dumka Pali. itara visheshaalu omkaaramu hinduumatamloo pranava manthram ayina omkaaramu swaroopame vinayakudani antaruu. vinaayakudu roopamu onkaaramlaa untundani chebuthuntaaru. (mukhyamgaa devnagari, tamila lipulalo) ganapathy adharvaseershamlo yea wasn ila Pali: ganapatii! neeve braham, vyshnu, maheshwarulavu. neeve indrudavu. neeve agnivi, vaayuvu, suuryudavu, chandrudavu, neeve bhuulookamu, antarikshamu, swargamu. neeve omkaaramu. muladhara chakramu kundalinee yogamu prakaramu shatchakraalalo modatidaina muladhara chakraaniki adipati vinayakudu. yea chakramlone kundalinee sakta saadharanamga antasthitamai (chuttu chuttukoni, nidraanamai) umtumdi. vinaayakuni ruupamloe paamanu chuupadaaniki, muladhara chakramthoo unna sambandhaaniki saeupyam chebuthuntaaru. ganapathy adharvaseershamlo kudaa yea wasn cheppabadindi. kanuka vinayakudu annimtikii "muladharamu" ani kudaa vivaristuntaaru. vinaayaka swaruupaaniki thaathvika vivarana vinaayakuni aakaram pai anno charchaloo, abhiprayalu, tatwartha vivaranalu, kadhalu unnayi. aenugu tondam, peddha bojja, yaeluka vaahanam - ivi pradhaanamgaa kanipincha swaroopa visheshaalu. vinaayakuni aakaram devnagari lipilo "om" (pranavam) nu pooli unnadan chebuthaaru. idi chitrakaarulaku chaaala priyamaina wasn. onkaaramlo vinayakudini choopisthoo yenni bommalu geeyabaddayo cheppalemu. endaro chitrakaarulu yea vishayamlo thama srujanaatmakatanu pradharshinchaaru. vinayakuni tondamu "om"kaaraaniki sanketamani chebuthaaru. aenugu tala - janaanikii, yoganiki chihnamu. humanity sariiramu - maayakuu, prakruthikee chihnamu chetilo parasuvu - ajnamunu khandinchadaaniki sanketamu chetilo paasamu - vighnaalu kattipadavase sadhanamu virigina dantamu - tyaagaaniki chihnamu maala - jana samuparjana peddha chevulu - mrokkulu vinae karunamayudu pottapai naaga bandhamu - saktiki, kundaliniki sanketamu yaeluka vahanamu - janiki anni jeevula patla samabhavamu vundali. vinaayakuni goorchi kadhalu vinaayakuni jananam, aenugu tala vinaayakuni jananam goorchi sarvasaadhaaranamaina katha, vinaayaka chavithi vratamlo chadivedi: gajasurudu aney rakshasudu sivabhaktudu. shivuni tana sareeramulo dachukonnadu. kanni vishnhuvuku ichina maata prakaaram, tana sirassunu lokapujyamu cheymanu kori, maranhichadu. kailasamulo shivuni raakaku yeduru chuse parvathy pinditoo ooka baaluni bomma chessi, pranamu poesindi. tanu snanamunaku povunapudu aa baaluni vaakili oddha kaapalaa unchindi. aa baludu dvaaramu daggara shivuni addukonnadu. kopinchi sivudu baaluni tala tegavesadu. vishyamu telisikoni parvathy hatasuralaindi. aappudu sivudu gajasuruni sirassunu amarchi tana kodukini tirigi bratikinchaadu. ganapatigaa neyaminchaadu. brahmavaivarta puraanamulooni katha: shivuni upadesamu prakaramu parvathy vishnhuvunu puujinchi, punhyakavratamu maacharinchi kodukunu kannadi. aa baaluni janma vedukalalo brahmadi devatalanta vachi asirvadincharu. kanni shaneeshwarudu mathram aa baaluni vaipu choodledhu, tana drhushti will haani jarugutundane bhayamtoe. kanni parvathy balavantampai baaluni mukham chudaka tappalaedu. appudu aa bidda tala pagilipoyindi. devatalanta chintitulu Dum vishnhuvu pushpabhadraanadii theeramnunchi ooka gunna aenugu tala techi, atikinchi, aa baalunu punarujjeevituni chesudu. maroka katha prakaaram (woah puranam) - shivuni navvu nundi vinayakudu janminchaadu. ayithe vinaayakuni andam chaaala ekuva kaavadam valana (dhistti tagulakunda?) sivudu atanaki aenugu tala, baana potta vundela chesudu. ganadhipatyam, chandruninavvu, paarvatisaapam vinaayaka vrata kalpa vidhanamulo vinayakuniki ganadhipatyam elaa labhinchindii, ganapatani chusi navvina chandrudu paarvateedevi shapaniki elaa guraindi prastaavinchi Pali. ganadhipati sdhaanaaniki vinayakudu, kumaraswamy pooti paddaru. sivudu iruvuriki pooti pettinaadu - "meelo yavaru mullokamulaloni pavitranadee snaanaalu chesi mundhuga Mon vadaku vachedaro variki yea aadhipatyamu labisthundhi". kumara swamy nemali vaahanampai vaegamugaa suluvugaa saagi vellinaadu. vinayakudu naryana mantras japistuu tallidamdrulaku pradakshinam chesudu. naaramulu anagaa jalamulu, jalamunniyu naaraayununi aadheenaalu. anagaa aa manthra aadheenamulu. manthra prabhavamu chetha prathee teerthasnaanamandunu kumara swamy kannamunde vinayakudu pratyakshamu kajochadu. vinayakunike aadhipatyamu labhinchindi. ganaadhipatiyaina vinayakudu lokamula pujalu andukoni, sushtugaa bhojanam chessi, kailasamunaku tirigi vachi tallidamdrulaku pranaamamu cheyaboyadu. kanni bojja kaaranamgaa ibbandhi padutu vunte, adichusi chandrudu pakapaka navvadu. aa navvuku (drhushti doshaniki) vinaayakudu potta pagilipoyindi. kopinchina parvathy "ninnu chuuchinavaaru neelaapanindalaku guriyaguduru gaaka" ani sapinchindi. phalitamugaa lokamunaku chandrudu nindyudayinaadu. chandruniki kaligina saapamu lokamunaku kudaa saapamainadi. lokulu chandruni chudakundutetlu? neelaapanindala Madhya savyamugaa saaguta etlu? chandrudu jargina porapaatuku paschaattaapamu chendhaadu. lokula praarthanalu manninchina parvathy 'badrapadha sudhad chavithi' nadu (chandrudu navvina nadu) Bara yea saapamu vartistundani shaapa prabhavanni sadalinchindi. aa okkaroju lokulu Sambhal padasaagaaru. dwapara yugamloo krishnudu porapatuna chandruni chuuchinanduna ayanaku kudaa shyamantakamani apaharinchaadane apanindha antukundi. sraminchi krishnudu asalau vishayanni rujuvu cheesukonnaadu. kanni sakta heenulaina saamanyulaku idi elaa sadhyam? prajala vinnapanni manninchi krishnudu "badrapadha sudhad chavithi" nadu vinaayakuni puujinchi, yea katha viny, akshatalu talapai dharisthe yea saapadosham antadani upayanni anugrahinchadu siddhi, buddhi vinayakunaku siddhi, buddhi anevaru bharyalu. kanukane vinayakudu unnachoota sakala kaaryaaluu siddhistaayi. janam vikasistundi. eeka koratemunnadi. amduvalana e panaina - puuja kanni, pelli kanni, gruhapravesham gaani, praarambhotsavam gaani, rachanarambham gaani, pariiksha gaani, udyogam gaani - vinaayakuni poojathone modalavuthundi. mukhyamgaa jyotishyulakuu, rachayitalakuu vinayakudu nityaaraadhya Dewas. kaakiroopamlo ganapathy (tamilanata prachaaramlo unna gaatha) agastyamaharshi okasari kopinchi kaavereenadii jalaalanu tana kamandalamlo bandhinchivesadu. prajala ibbandini gamaninchi, indrudu praardhinchaga appudu vinayakudu kaaki ruupamloe velli neetini traagutunnatlu natisthoo aa kamandalaanni dorlinchi egiripoyaadu. malli kauvery nadi maamoolugaa pravahinchasaagindi. tana tondarapaatunu telisikoni agasthyudu vinaayakuni stutinchaadu. bhukailas katha (telugunata prassiddhi chendina natakamu) okasari raavanudu shivuni meppinchi aayana aatmalingaanni koraadu. sankarude lingaroopudai raavanuni chethiki vachadu. kanni yakkada naelamiida pedte akkade pratishtitamoutaanani cheppaadu. sandhya vandanasamayam ayinandhuna raavanudu aa lingaanni yakkada unchaalo aalochistuu undaga akadiki vinayakudu baala bramchari ruupamloe osthadu. raavanudu sivalimgaanni pattukomani koraadu. kanni aayana "neenu ny antha balavanthuni kaanu. moyalekapoyinappudu moodusaarlu pilistaanu. nuvu rakunte crinda pettestaanu" ani sharatu vidhinchi aatmalingaanni teesikonnadu. sandhyavandanam madyalo moodusaarlu pilichinaa samayaaniki raavanudu ralekapoyadu. baruvu moyalenivanivale ganapathy aatmalingaanni naelamiida pettestaadu. aavidhangaa pettina pradheeshamee ippudu unna gokarna punyakshetramu. ravanasura appudu aa aatmalingaanni pekilinchadaaniki prayatniste iidu bhaagaalugaa vidi poeyi, samudratiiramulooni iidu chotla padithe aa iidu kudaa punhyakshetraalagaa velisaayu. a kshetralalo karnaatakaloo unna murudeswara okati. mahaabhaarataaniki vraayasakaadu vaedaalanu vibhajinchina vaedavyaasudu panchamavedamaina mahabharathanni vrayadaaniki sankalpinchaadu. thaanu cheptoo vunte vraayagala samarthunikosam ganapatini praarthinchaadu. ganapathy ooka niyamaanni vidhinchaadu - vyasa akkadaa aapakunda cheppaali. oppukonna vyasa kudaa ooka niyamam vidhinchaadu - thaanu cheppinadaanini purtiga ardham cheskone ganapathy vrayali. ola oppandam prakaaram bhartiya kathaa rachana saagimdi. tana dantanne ghantamgaa ganapathy viniyoginchaadu. amtati mahanubhavula samarpana ganukane mahabharatham ananya mahaakaavyamainadi. pandugalu, aachaaralu, devalayas puuja, pandugalu ‌anek dharmika, loukika karyakramalalo vinaayakuni puujinchadam sarvasaadhaaranam. edaina puuja ledha vrat chesetapudu mundhuga vinaayakuni poojisthaaru ganuka atanini "pradhamapoojyudu" antaruu. alaage pelli, puttinaroju, sankusthaapana, gruhapravesham, crotha vaahanam konadam, pariikshalaku siddham kaavadam, vyaapaaram modhal pettedam, muhurtam nischayinchadam, jatakam vraayadam, Surat vraayadam - ila anno sandarbhaalalo vinaayakuni poojisthaaru ledha smaristaaru. vinaayakuni bomma ledha pratima laeni hinduism griha arudu. anni kulaalu, sampradaayalu, saakhalaloonu, anni praantaalaloonu vinaayakuni puuja jaruguthu umtumdi. mundhuga vinaayakuni santoshapedithe aatamkaalu raakunda kaaryasiddhi labhisthundhani, kashtalu dooramgaa untaayani, aishwaryalu siddhistaayani bhaktula namakam. saivulu, vaishnavulu, bauddhulu, jainula - ila anni saakhalaloonu vinaayakuni poojinchee aachaaram Pali. sangeeta nrutyapradarsanalu (mukhyamgaa dakshinha bhaaratadaesamloe), samavesalu, utsavaalu kudaa vinaayakuni praarthanathoo modalavutuntaayi. om shree ganesaaya namah, om gam ganapataye namah vento praardhanaa mantraalanu tarachu uchcharistuntaaru. vinayakuniki adhikanga laddoolu vento naivedyaalu samarpistaaru. telugunata paanakamu, vadapappu, undraallu, paalatelikalu, pappuloo undraallu, kudumula vento padaarthaalu nivedana chestaaru. erra chandanam puustaaru. garika, maredu vento patrulanu poojaloo vagutharu. vinaayakuni mandiram oddha jilledu chettu undadam kudaa saadharanamga chudavachunu. ila sandarbhaanusaaramgaanu, nithya pooje kaaryakramamlo bhaagamgaanu chese pujalu Bara kakunda vinayakuniki sambamdhinchina remdu pandugalu jarupukontaaru. avi - badrapadha sudhad chathurthi nadu (augustu / septembaru nelalaloe) vachey vinaayaka chavithi maagha krishna chathurthi nadu (janavari / phibravari nelalaloe) vachey vinaayaka jainti prathi chandramasamlo vachey vinaayakudu utsavam sankatahara chathurthi vinaayaka chavithi badrapadha sudhad chathurthi nadu vachey vinaayakachaviti dadapu deeshamanthataa peddhayetthuna nirvahimpabadutundi. yea pandugaloo gamaninchadagina mukhyaamsaalu mattithoo chosen vinaayakuni pratima intinta palavelli crinda mantapamlo pratishtinchi anek takala patrithonu puulathoonu puuja cheeyadam laddoolu, paanakamu, vadapappu, undraallu, paalatelikalu, pappuloo undraallu, kudumula vento padaardhaala nivedana veedhiveedhinaa ganapathy prathista, saamuuhika aadyatmika samskruthika kaaryakramaalu 9rojula utsavaala taruvaata, 10va roejuna utsava vigrahaala nimajjanam yea vidhamgaa yea panduga kutumba paridhiloonu, saamaajikamgaanu kudaa jarupukune pandugagaa roopu diddukondi. antaku mundhu intipoojake parimitamaina pooje vidhaanam 1893loo baala gangadara thilak adhwaryamlo mahaaraashtralo saamuuhika utsavaalugaa roopudiddukonnaayi. hinduism samaakamloe vividha varnala Madhya suhrudbhavanni penchadaaniki, jaateeyataabhaavaanni prothsahinchadaniki yea vidhamina utsavaalu upayogapadutaayani atani lakshyam. athanu nelakolipina sampradaayam (maidaanaalalo vigrahalanu pratishtinchadam, 10va roejuna nimajjanam cheeyadam) ippatikee konasaagutunnadi. devalayas desamlo konni mandiraalu pradhaanamgaa vinaayakuni mandiraalugaa untai (udaharanaku kanipakam). ayithe anek (dadapu anni) devalayalalonu vinaayakuni pratima ledha upalayam ledha antaraalayam undadam jarudutundhi. kotalu, raajapraasaadaalu, illu, veedhulu, ravichettu - ila anek sthaanaalaloo ganapathy vigraham pratishtistuntaaru. pratyekamgaa vinayakudu pradhaana daivamgaa unna ledha ganapathy poojaku praamukhyata unna konni alayalu - <ref></</ref> aandhra Pradesh - kanipakam Maharashtra - vai, moregao Madhya Pradesh - ujjatini Rajasthan - jodh puur, nagore, raipur (paali) Bihar - baidyanadh Gujarat - baroda, dholak, Valsad uttarapradesh - varanasi (dhundiraj mandiram), Kerala - Tiruchchirappalli (jambukeshwar mandiram - ucchi pillaiyar kottai), pillaiyar patti (karpagavinaayaka mandiram), rameshwaram, suchindram Karnataka - humpi, kasaragod, idagunji ashta vinaayaka mandiraalu mahaaraashtralo poonhe sameepamlo (100 kilometres paridhiloo) unna yenimidhi aalayaalanu ashtavinayaka mandiraalantaaru. okkokka aalayamloonu ganapathy okkokka ruupamloe pujalu andukontaadu. moregao, ashtavinayaka mandiram siddhi vinaayaka mandiram, siddhatek ballaleshwara mandiram, paali varada vinaayaka mandiram, mahad cintamani mandiram, tiyur girijatmaja mandiram, leyandri vighnahara mandiram, ozar mahaganapathi mandiram, ranjanagav veetilo mundhuga moreshwara mandiraanni darsinche saampradaayam Pali. kanipakam kanipakam, Chittoor jalla airala mandalaaniki chendina gramam. yea punhyakshetram Tirupati-Bengaluru jaateeya rahadaaripai, Chittoor nundi 12 ki.mee. dooramlo Pali. Tirupati nundi prathi 15 nimishamulaku ooka baasu Pali. Chittoor nundi prathi muppai nimushalaku ooka baasu Pali. Chandragiri nundi kudaa jeepulu, vyaanulu, taxis modhalagunavi labhinchunu. kaanipaakamlo koluvu theerina vinayakuniki vaela samvatsaraala aati charithra Pali. swamy apati nundi ippati varku sarwanga samethamgaa perugutuntaaru anadaaniki anno nidarsanaalunnaayani, swamy variki 50 samvatsaraala kritam vendi kavacham prasthutham saripovatam ledani chebuthaaru. bhakthulanu broche swaamini varasiddi vinayakuniga bhakthulu vyavaharisthaaru. swaamivaari vigraham neetiloki koddhiga munigi umtumdi. itara deshalu, mathaalalo vaanijya, dharmika sanbandhaala kaaranamgaa agneyasiyalo anek hinduudeevatala pooje sampradaayalu nelakonnatle vinaayakuni puujinchadam kudaa andipuchukonnaru. idi pradhaanamgaa 10va sataabdamloo jargindi. mukhyamgaa vyaapaarulu poojinchee devatamurtulalo vinayakudu mukhyuduga unaadu. malaya dveepakalpamloni anek bhagalalo vinaayakuni vigrahalu labhinchayi. mukhyamgaa saivaalayaalalo vinaayakuni puuja kudaa sarvasaadhaaranam. vinaayakuni moortichitreekaranalo stanika samskruthi prabavam bagaa kanipistundhi.. kramamga yea samskruthi barma, thaailand, kambodiyaalaku vistarimchimdi. ippudu pradhaanamgaa buddhist samaajamaina thaailand‌loo vinayakudu vighnanivarakuniga poojalandukontunnadu. aafghanisthaan‌loo islam praveshinchadaniki mundhuga hinduism, buddhist samskrutula prabavam bagaa undedi. aa kalaniki chendina konni ganesha vigrahalu labhinchayi. mahaayaana bouddhamlo vinaayakuni swarupam konnisarlu buddhist deevatagaanu, marokonnisarlu hinduism raakshasunigaanu kudaa choopabadindi. guptula kaalam chivaribhagamloni buddhist shilpaalalo vinaayakuni silpaalunnaayi. buddhist deevatagaa vinayakudu adhikanga nrutyamudralo chuupabaddaadu. Uttar bhaaratadaesam, nepaul, teebet‌lalo yea rakamaina chithraalu labhinchayi. nepaul‌loo vinaayakuni herambunigaa aaradhistaaru. yea ruupamloe vinayakuniki iidu talalu untai. vaahanam simham. tibettulo vinaayakuni chithreekarana tshogs bdag anabadindi. okomaru devunigaanu, okomaru mahaakaaluni paadaalakrindi nalugutunnatlugaanu choopaaru. marikonni chotla vighnanivarakuniga choopaaru konni vaividhyaalatoe vinayakudu cheenaa, jjapan sampradaayaalalo kudaa darsanamisthaadu. Uttar chainalo 531 samvatsaranike chendina ooka vigraham labhinchindi. jjapan‌loo 806 kaalamlo vinayakapuzha girinchi prastaavinchinatlu aadhaaram labhinchindi. jaina grandhaalalo ganesapuja prastaavimpabadaledu kanni chaalaamandi jainulu vinaayakuni poojisthaaru. varu kuberuni konni lakshanhaalu vinayakuniki aapaadinchinatlu anipisthundhi. vyapara vruttulalo jainulu adhikanga palgonadam ikda gamaninchaali. 9va sataabdaaniki chendina jaina ganesha vigraham okati labhinchindi. Rajasthan, Gujarat‌lalo jainamandiraalalo vinaayaka vigrahalunnayi. avy ivi 32 ganapatulu pradhaanamgaa ganapatula sanka 21 (kanukane ekavinsati patrapuja chestaaru). enka avaantara bhedaganapatulu 11 - motham 32 praarthanalu, sankeertana suklambara daram vishnum sasivarnam chaturbhujam prasanna vadanam dhyayet‌ sarva vighnopa shanthaye telleni vasthraalu dharinchinavaaduu, antataa vyaapinchiyunnavaaduu, chandrunila tellanaina sareeravarnam galavaaduu, nalaugu chetullu galavaaduu, anugrahadrushtitodi mukhangalavaaduu ayina vaanini (vinaayakuni) anni addamkulu nivaarinchutakai dhyaaninchavalenu (dhyaanistunnaanu) agajanana padmarkam gajananam‌ aharnisam anekadam‌ tam‌ bhaktanam ekadantam‌ upasmahe (agaja) parvathy mukhapadmamunu veliginchuvaadu, aenugu mukhamu galavaadu, anni velalaa anno vidhamulaina sampadalanu tana bhakthulaku ichchuvaadu ayina ekadantuni smaristunnaanu. om gananam twa ganapatim havamahe kavim kaviinaamupamashravasmam jyeshtaraajam brahmanam brahmanaspata aa nah shrunvannootibhi seeda sadhanam vinaayakuni praarthanalu innie annii ani cheppajalamu. prathi panikee, rachanakuu mundhu vinaayakuni praardhinchadam aanavaayitii ganuka dadapu yenni padyakaavyaalunnaayo anni praardhanaa padyaalunnaayi. eeka sampradhaya slokaalu saresari. kanni teluguvariki athantha parichayamunna padyamidi. tondamu nekadantamunu thorapu bojjayu vamahastamun‌ menduga mroyu gajjelunu mellani chuupula mandahasamun‌. kondoka gujjuroopamuna korina vidyalakella nojjai yundedi paarvatii tanaya oyi ganadhipa niku mokkedan‌. pratyekatalu pathritho puuja cheeyadam ganapathy aaraadhanalo ooka pratyekata. 21 patrulu ledha 108 patrulu poojaku vaadaalani sastramu. yea patrulannintiki ayurveda vydya vidhaanamlo manchi aushadheegunaalunnaayi. e maatramu aadaranaku nochukoni jilledu, ummetta chetlu vinaayakuni poojaku vadathara. telegu varu vinayakuniki undraallu, kudumula, chalimidi, pallhu naivedyam pedatharu. evanni nagarikatha peragaka mundhu vamtalu. nuuneluu, vepulluu, dinusuluu avsaram ledhu. bahusa vinaayakuni puuja athi prachina sampradaayam ganuka ila jarigi undavachhunu. vinaayakudu chitram pelli shubhalekhallo athantha prajaadaranha pondina chitram. sampradaayavaadulakuu, aadhunikulakuu kudaa idi saamanyam vinaayakudu chitranni geeyadaaniki chitrakaarulu anno melakuvaluu, vidhaanaaluu roopondinchaaru. okati remdu chinna geetalununchi clistamaina dijainulavarakuu anno vidhaaluga vinaayakuni chithrinchaaru. ekkuvaga onkaaraakrutilo vinaayakuni chithrinchadam saamanyam. ippudu pallelloonuu, chinna nagaraalloonuu, mahanagarallonu vinaayaka chavitiki vigrahalu veedhiveedhinaa pratishtinchi, pujalu jaripi, peddhayetthuna samskruthika kaaryakramaalu nirvahistunnaaru. eeka chivari roejuna nimajjanamaite ooka peddha kaaryakramamaipotunnada. prajalakuu, prabhutvaaniki idi peddha savaluga parinamistunnadi. ivikuda chudandi ashoka sundari vinaayaka chavithi vinaayaka vrata kalpa vidhanamu vinaayaka jainti vinaayakudu devalayala jaabithaa vinaayakudu 108 perlu moolaalu aadhara grandhaalu Four volumes. . . . Source text with a commentary by Bhāskararāya in Sanskrit. vinaayakachaviti vratakalpamu - mailavarapu srinivaasaraavu rachana, itara rachanalu bayati linkulu vinaayakuni roopam, antaraardham vinaayakuni girinchi sankashtahara ganapathy vrat himduumatam hinduism deevathalu puraanhaalu vinayakudu enugulu yea vaaram vyasalu

september 1, gregorian‌ calander‌ prakaramu samvatsaramulo 244va roeju (leepu samvatsaramulo 245va roeju ). samvatsaraamtamunaku enka 121 roojulu migilinavi. sanghatanalu 1939: rendava prapancha yuddhamu praarambhamainadi. 1961: modati aleena deeshaala sadhassu bel‌grade loo praarambhamainadi. 1992: 10va aleena deeshaala sadhassu indonesan loni jakarta loo praarambhamainadi. 1995: nara chandrababau nayudu, AndhraPradesh 19va mukhyamantrigaa pramana sweekaaram. 2006: paddenimidava laaw commisison nu, (aurdar nambar A.45012/1/2006-Admn.III) tedi 2006 september 1 na erpaatu chesaru. idi 2009 agustuu 31 varku amaluloo umtumdi. 2007 mee 28 varku justices emm. jagannadharao adhyakshudu. aa taruvaata Una.orr. lakshamanan nu neyaminchaaru. 2008: bhartia rijarv baamk guvernor‌gaaa duvvuru subbaaraavu niyamitudainaadu. 2008: arava vaetana sangham (kendra prabhutva udyogula jeetha bhatyaala savarna choose vaesina sangham) nivedikalooni sifaarsulanu, savarinchina jiitaanni, kendra prabhuthvam yea rojununchi kendra prabhutva udyoegulaku amalu chesindi. bhatyaalanu mathram 1 septambaru 2008 nunchi chellinchindi. jananaalu 1945: gullapalli nageshwararao, netravaidya nipunudu, padamasiri puraskara graheeta. 1947: p.Una.sangma, bharatadesa lok sabha maajii sabhaapathi. (ma.2016) 1950: t.krishna, telegu sinii dharshakudu .(ma.1986) 1973: ramya kapoor, bhartia television natudu. 1975: yashasvi, kavisangamam kavi. 1985: mumait khan , telegu,tamila ,hiindi, qannada, nati.modal, item sang logurtimpu. maranalu 1904: poondla ramakrishnayya, telegu pandithudu, vimarshakudu. (ja.1860) 1990: puttaparthy narayanacharyulu, telegu kavi. (ja.1914) 1992: yess.v.jogiraavu, saahityavetta. (ja.1928) 2002: b.v. karanth, qannada nataka rachayita, natudu, dharshakudu. (ja.1929) 2020: maatangi narsaiah, maajii saasanasabha sabhyudu, maajii manthri. sthaapanalu 1901: shree krishna devarayandhra basha nilayam, telanganalo modati granthaalayam 1956: life in‌surens corparetion af india pandugalu , jaateeya dinaalu * - emle.ai.sea. formation dee * - ujbekistan swatantrya dinotsavam pooshaka padaardhaala vaarotsavam prapancha kobbari dinotsavam bayati linkulu bbc: yea roejuna t.ene.emle: yea roeju charithraloo charithraloo yea roeju : september 1 chaarithraka sanghatanalu 366 roojulu - puttina roojulu - scope cyst. yea roejuna charithraloo emi jargindi. yea roejuna emi zarigindante. charithraloo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu. yea roju goppatanam. canadalo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu charitraloni roojulu september 2 - agustuu 31 - agustuu 1 - oktober 1 -- anni tedeelu september tedeelu

t vee saahityaaniki bhavishyathulo manchi jagamu unattu thochuchunnadi, mana vaallu t vee laku atukkupoye samayamu chusthe! prastutaaniki mana tvllo antuleni seeriyallu anu kadhalu, seeriyallake chendina patalanu, cinma sambhandhinchina prograamuluu, konni hasyapu jallula seeriyallu, (prastutaaniki ayithe yea t vee loni doopsu, geminee t veeloni amrutam seeriyalunu, maa t veeloni kaanishtebulu kanakaaraavunu cheppukoovacchu. ) daminetu chestunnayi! telegu desamloni teeveela girinchi cheppukunedi edaina radan t vee vaari tamila dubbingu seeriyallu gurinchii yea t vee adhineta, supremo ayina raamojeeraavu gaari kumarudu ayina suman gaari bahumukha prajnaapaatavaalanu girinchi cheppukokunte poorthikaanatle! chudandi telegu t vee chaanallu bhartia t vee chaanallu telegu bullitera natulu kaavalenu9030196011 maadhyamaalu

yea vyasam punarvavyavastheekarana jaruguthunnadhi. yea vyaasamlo vibhajananu patishthingaa roopondinchenduku sahakarinchandi. suchanalu endaro mahanu bhavulu telegu saahithyaanni susampannam chesaru. vaari girinchi telusukonadaaniki idi ooka vedikagaa, ooka suchikaga upayuktamayye jaabithaa. okkokka kalaniki chendina rachayitalanu okko vyasam (jaabithaa)loo unchaali. jaabitaala perlu diguvana ivvabaddaayi. adhunika yugamloo vividha sahiti prakreeyalu paridavillinanduna adhunika yugamloo okko vibhaganiki okko jaabithaa yerparachabadindi. kondaru (udaaharanha: gurazada, viswanaadha) chaaala jaabitaalaloki vastharu. anni jaabitaalaloonuu vaari perlu vraayavachchunu. rachayithalatho baatu vaari rachanalanu kudaa vrayali. okko rachayitakuu okko vyasam, okko (mukhya)rachanakuu okko vyasam vikeelo undaalani aakaanksha. viswanaadha vantivaari rachanalu peddha jaabithaa avvavacchunu. atuvanti choota vaari rachanala jaabitaaku (ledha vaari gurinchina vyaasaaniki) linku ivvavachhunu. prannanya yugamu : usa.sha. 1000 varku prannanya yugam nannayya yugamu : 1000 - 1100 yea yugamloni rachanalu, rachayitala vyaasaalaku cherchavalasina vargalu [[vargham:nannayya yugam kavulu]] ledha [[vargham:nannayya yugam rachanalu]], vyaasaalaku sambamdhinchina muusa nannaiah ledha nannayabhattu - aadikavi, vaaganusaasanudu shree madandhra mahabharathamu - aadiparvamu, sabhaa parvamu, aranhya parvamulo kontha aandhrashabda cintamani - alabhyam lakshana saaramu - alabhyam endhra vijayamu - alabhyam chamundi vilaasamu - alabhyam naryana bhattu - nannayya bhattuku sahakarinchaadu sivakavi yugamu : 1100 - 1225 yea yugamloni rachanalu, rachayitala vyaasaalaku cherchavalasina vargalu [[vargham:sivakavi yugam kavulu]] ledha [[vargham:sivakavi yugam rachanalu]] muusa mallikarjun panditaaraadhyudu sivatatva saaramu nannechodudu kumara sambhavamu kalaa vilaasamu paalkuriki somanadhudu panditaradhya charitramu basava puraanhamu anubhava saaramu vrushaadhipa satakamu - telugulo modati shathakam kaavachhunu. vemulavada bhiimakavi intani grandhalevi andubatulo leavu. kaalam kudaa spashtangaa theliyadu. kanni intani chaatuvulanu Bundi uttankinchaaru. thikana yugamu : 1225 - 1320 yea yugamloni rachanalu, rachayitala vyaasaalaku cherchavalasina vargalu [[vargham:thikana yugam kavulu]] ledha [[vargham:thikana yugam rachanalu]] yea yugaaniki sambamdhinchina muusa tikkanna - kavi braham, ubhaya kavimitrudu shree madandhra mahabharathamu - 15 parvamulu nirvachanottara raamaayanamu vijayasenamu kavi vaagbandhanamu pavuluri mallana ganita saara sangrahamu - ganita vignaanaaniki sambamdhinchina rachana eluganti peddhana prakeerna ganitamu - ganita vignaanaaniki sambamdhinchina rachana gonabuddhareddy ranganaatha raamaayanamu chakrapaani ranganadhudu nayana ragada moolaghatika ketana dasakumara charitramu aandhra basha bhushanamu vignaaneshwariiyamu kachavibhudu - vittaludu (sodharulu, gonabuddhareddy kumaarulu) ranganadha raamaayanamu uttarakandamu manchana keurabahu charitramu yathaavaakkula annamaiah sarveshwara satakamu maarana markandaya puraanhamu baddhayina neetisaara muktavali sumatii satakamu (idi baddhayina rachinchaadani ooka abhiprayamu Bara) sivadevayya - yea krindhi muudu rachanalu chesinaadani ooka abhipraayamunnadi. purushardha saaramu sakalaneeti sammatamu "sivadeva dheemanee" satakamu appanamantri chaarucharya adharvanaachaaryudu (ithanu nannechodudu, thikana madhyakaalamuvaadai yundavacchunu) ithadu bhaaratamunu kontabhaagamu rachinchiyundavachhunani abhiprayamu. vikruti vivekamu, trilinga sabdaanusaasanamu, adharvana chhandassu aney lakshana grandhaalu kudaa vraasaadani konnichotla Pali. errana yugamu : 1320 - 1400 yea yugamloni rachanalu, rachayitala vyaasaalaku cherchavalasina vargalu [[vargham:errana yugam kavulu]] ledha [[vargham:errana yugam rachanalu]] yea yugaaniki sambamdhinchina muusa errana - prabhanda parameshvara, sambhoomitrudu shree madandhra mahabharathamu - aranhya parvamu sampoorti harivamsamu lakshminrisimha puraanhamu "sankshepa raamaayanamu" aney kavyanni kudaa rachinchaadantaaru. naachana somana Uttar harivamsamu gona buddhaareddy - ranganadha raamaayanamu hulakki bhaskarudu, atani putrudu mallikarjun bhattu, atani mitrudu ayyalaryudu bhasker raamaayanamu ravipati tripurantakudu (ravipati tippana) tripurantakodaharanamu premabhiramamu, ambica satakamu, chandra taravali - aney grandhaalu kudaa vraasaadu kanni avi alabhyam. chimmapudi amareshwarudu vikrama senamu (alabhyam) vinnakota peddhana srinaadha yugamu : 1400 - 1500 yea yugamloni rachanalu, rachayitala vyaasaalaku cherchavalasina vargalu [[vargham:srinaadha yugam kavulu]] ledha [[vargham:srinaadha yugam rachanalu]] yea yugaaniki sambamdhinchina muusa vemana vemana satakamu srinatha - kavisaarvabhoumudu maruttaraatcharitramu srungara naishadhamu palnaati veeracharitramu haravilasamu kaasi khandamu bhiima khandamu kridabhiramamu shivratri mahaatmyamu saalivaahana saptasati srungara dheepika (idi vraasinadi kumaragiri reddy ani kudaa ooka Dumka Pali.) pothana - sahajakavi, atani sishyulu bopparaju gangaya, veligandala naraya, erchuri simgana shree madandhra mahaabhaagavatamu veerabadhrar vijayamu bhoginee dandakamu (idi pothana rachanayenani Dumka) madiki simgana vaasishta raamaayanamu bhaagavatham dasama skandham dwipada sakala neethi sammatamu - telugulo mottamodati sankalana gramtham padmapuranam Uttar kandam pillalamarri pinaveerabhadrudu - jaimini bhaaratamu srungara saakuntalamu avasara darpanamu, naaradeeyamu, maagha mahaatmyamu, purushardha sudhanidhi, manasollasa saaramu - awai grandhaalu rachinchadu kanni avi labhinchaleedu. prathaapa rudhrudu neetisaaramu (raajaneethi girinchi) adharvanudu trilinga sabdaanusaasanamu bairavi kavi ratnasaaramu - (viluvaina manula girinchi) manumanchi bhattu hayalakshana saaramu (gurrala girinchi vijnana granthamu) taallapaaka annamaiah annamaiah sankeertana srivenkateswara satakamu alameelu mangaa satakamu taallapaaka timmakka subhadra kalyaanamu vaamanabhattabaanudu paarvatiiparinayamu vemabhoopaala charithamu hansa sandesamu jakkana vikramaarka charitramu anantaamaatyudu bhojaraajeeyamu chandodarpanamu rasabharanamu gowrana navanadha charitramu harishchandra katha dwipada kavyamu daggupalli duggana kaanchi maahaatmyamu nachiketupakhyanamu doobagunta narayanakavi panchatantramu baicharaju venkatanadhudu panchatantramu (baicharaju) vannelakanti suurakavi vishnupuraanamu piduparti somana (piduparti somanadha kavi) basava puraanhamu nandy mallaya - ghanta simgana (janta kavulu) prabodha chandrodayamu woah puraanhamu kori gooparaju simhasanam dwaathrinshika vannelakanti annayya shodasha kumara charithra vinnakota peddhana kavyalankara chuudaamani kuchiraju errana kokkokamu ("rathi vilasam" aney samskrutha kamasastra granthaniki telegu) madiki anantaiah (madiki simgana thamudu) vishnumaya vilaasamu (ayithe idi chintalpudi ellana vraasaadane Dumka kudaa Pali) vannelakanti jannamantri devakinandana satakamu kolani ganapathy Dewas shivayoga saaramu manobodhana ayyalaraju tippayya ontimetta raghuveera satakamu aandhrakavi ramya vishnukaanchii maahaatmyamu chendaluru chikkayya vaachiketuupaakhyaanamu pashupati naganadhudu vyshnu puraanhamu donayamatyudu sasyaanandamu (saastra granthamu - varshamula aagama suchanalu, jyotissaastraanusa) sreedharudu krishnamaachaaryudu piduparti nimmayacharyudu piduparti (modati) basavakavi piduparti (rendava) basavakavi proluganti chennasauri ganganacharyudu eeswara phanibhattu sadhaanamdha yogee penumatsa venkataadri penumatsa gooparaju kavi adidamu niladri kavi madaya kavi revanuri tirumal kondayaryudu raayala yugamu : 1500 - 1600 yea yugamloni rachanalu, rachayitala vyaasaalaku cherchavalasina vargalu [[vargham:raayala yugam kavulu]] ledha [[vargham:raayala yugam rachanalu]] yea yugaaniki sambamdhinchina muusa krushnadevaraayalu - aandhrabhojudu aamukta malyada ashtadiggajaalu allasani peddhana manu charitramu harikadhaa saaramu nandy timmana parijatapaharanamu dhurjati srikalahasti maahaatmyamu srikaalahasteeswara satakamu maadayyagaari mallana rajashekar charithra ayyalaraju ramabhadhrudu ramabhyudayamu sakalakathaasaara sangrahamu pingalla suurana raghava paandaveeyamu - mottamodati dwyardhi kavyamu kalapurnodayamu - aaraveeti timmaraju vamsaaniki chendina nandyal krishnamaraajuku ankitamicchaadu. idi teugu saahityamlo chaaala vishishtamaina kaavyamgaa mannanalu pondindi. prabhaavatii pradyumnamu girija kalyanam garuda puranam (tenuginchaadu) ramarajabhushanudu (bhattumurthy) vasu charitramu harishchandra nalopakhyanamu narasabhupaliyamu tenale ramakrishnudu ledha tenale ramalingadu panduranga maahaatmyamu ghatikachala maahaatmyamu udbhataradhya charitramu kandarpaketu vilaasamu - alabhyam. jaggana prabhanda ratnakaramu loni konni padhyaala will yea gramtha vivaralu telustunnayi. harilila vilaasamu - alabhyam. jaggana prabhanda ratnakaramu loni konni padhyaala will yea gramtha vivaralu telustunnayi. taallapaaka chinnanna paramayogi vilaasamu ashtamahishi kalyaanamu molla (kummari molla) molla raamaayanamu kandukuuri rudraiah nirankusopakhyanamu janaardanaashtakamu sugriva vijayamu (yakshaganamu) sankusala nrusimha kavi kavikarna rasayanamu (maandhaatru charitramu) elakuuchi baalasaraswathi yaadava raghava paandaveeyamu mallabhuupaaleeyamu (bharthuhari subhaashitam) ranga kaumudi (alabhyam) nadendal gopana krishnarjuna samvaadamu kakumani moorthikavi paanchaalii parinayamu chintalpudi ellana radhamadhavamu vishnumaya natakamu taaraka braham raajeeyamu (vaedaanta granthamu) chadalawada mallaya vipranarayana charitramu buttepati thirumalayya dwipada bhaaratamu maadayya mairavana charitramu tenale ramabhadrakavi indumatii parinayamu doneru koneru kavi baala bhagavatamu (dwipada) addamki gangadara kavi tapatii samvaranamu ponnaganti telaganna yayaathi charithra sankara kavi harishchandra katha edapati errana srungara malhana charitramu kumara dhurjati krishnaraya vijayamu tarigoppu mallana chandrabhanu charitramu saarangu tammaiah vaijayantee vilaasamu andugula venkaya ramarajeeyamu (aliya ramaraju charithra) kase sarvappa bhasker pantulu baicharaju venkatanaadha kavi vellanki taatambhatlu piduparti somanadhudu piduparti basavakavi kota shivaramaiah mallareddy ramaraju rangapparaju matla ananath bhoopaludu kamchi veerasarabha kavi timmaraju taallapaaka tiruvengala nadhudu rayasamu vaenkata kavi charigonda dharmanna thuragaa ramakavi chennamaraaju chennamaraaju tenale annayya savaramu chinanarayana nayakan damera venkatapati chitrakavi pedhanna yaadavaamaatya kavi kamsali rudraiah muddaraju ramanna chitrakavi anantakavi lingamugunta ramakavi lingamagunta timmanna velagapudi venganaryudu renturi rangaraju simhaadri venkatacharyudu rajalinga kavi chitrakavi ramanaiah kakunuri appakavi dakshinandhra yugamu: 1600 - 1775 ledha naayakaraajula yugamu yea yugamloni rachanalu, rachayitala vyaasaalaku cherchavalasina vargalu [[vargham:dakshinandhra yugam kavulu]] ledha [[vargham:dakshinandhra yugam rachanalu]] muusa mudhupallani radhikaa saantvanamu rangajamma mannarudasa vilaasamu (yakshaganamu) ushaa parinayamu (prabhandham) madhuravaanhi (samskrutha kayithri.) raghunaadhuni ramayana sangrahamunaku samskruteekarana ramabhadramba ushaa parinayam (yakshagana) kshetraya muvvagopala padhamulu ramdasu ramdasu sankeertana linganamahi sreekaameshwarakavi satyabhama saantvanamu dhenu maahaatmyamu (vachana granthamu) srungara naishadha paarijaatamu chemakura venkatakavi vijaya vilaasamu sarangadhara charitramu raghunadha nayakan (1614 - 1633) srungara sawithri vaalmeeki charitramu parijatapaharanamu bhartiya sangrahamu raamaayana sangrahamu vijaya raaghavudu (1633-73) raghunaadhaabhyudayamu prahaladha charitramu vipra naryana charitramu paarvatii parinayamu krishnadhwari tirumalaadhvari chitrakoota mahaatmyamu (yakshaganamu) koneti deekshita chandrudu vijaya raghava kalyaanamu (yakshaganamu) chilla suuraiya viveka vijayamu (prabodha chandrodayaaniki yakshagana swarupam) kuchipudi natakamulu prahaladha natakamu rama natakamu ushaa parinayamu velidandla venkatapati srungara radhamadhavamu matla ananath bhoopaludu kakutstha vijayamu savaramu chinanarayana nayak kuvalayashva charithra daamela venga nayak bahulashwa charithra vijayaranga chokkanadhudu naaga maahaatmyamu sriranga mahaatmyamu sumukhamu venkatakrishnappa nayudu jaimini bhaaratamu (vachana roopam) sarangadhara charithra (vachana roopam) radhikaa saantvanamu ahalya sankrandanamu raghunadha tondamaanudu paarvatii parinayamu seshamu venkatapati tara sasaankamu vemana vemana padhyamulu pothuluri veerabrahmendra brahmangaari kaalajnaanam brahmangaari thathvalu kundurti venkatachala kavi mitravinda parinayamu velagapudi krishnaiah maalathie madhavamu nudurupati venkaya mallapuranamu nudurupati simmba aandhra bhaashaarnavamu samba nighantuvu kattaa varadaraaju dwipada raamaayanamu kaluva veerraaju bhaaratamu (vachana roopam) nanjayya halasya mahaatmyamu ksheena yugamu : 1775 - 1875 yea yugamloni rachanalu, rachayitala vyaasaalaku cherchavalasina vargalu [[vargham:ksheena yugam kavulu]] ledha [[vargham:ksheena yugam rachanalu]] muusa thyagaraju thyagaraju sankeertana nouka bhangamu (natakam) prahaladha charitramu (natakam) kankanti paaparaaju Uttar raamaayanamu kanuparti abbayamatyudu anirudha charitramu kuuchimanchi thimmakavi kukkuteswara satakamu acchatenugu raamaayanamu neelaasundarii parinayamu rukmini kalyaanamu kuuchimanchi jaggakavi chandralekha vilapamu vakkalanka veerabhadrakani vasavadatta parinayamu adidamu suurakavi chandramati parinayamu ramalingeshwara satakamu intani chaatuvulu bahu prasiddhamulu dharanidevula ramayamantri dasavatara charitramu dittakavi narayanakavi rangaraya charitramu chitrakavi singanaryudu bilhaneeyamu krishnadaasu raadhaakrhushnha vilaasamu (giitha govundam aadhaaramga) vemanaradhyula sangameswarakavi ahalya sankrandanamu ayyalaraju narayanakavi hamsavinsati ghattu Morena kuchelopakhyanamu krishnakavi shakunthala parinayamu tarigonda venkamamba venkatachala maahaatmyamu rajayogasaramu vyshnu paarijaatamu vashishtha raamaayanamu jalakrida vilaasamu dwipada bhagavatamu (dvadasha skandhamu) krishna mamjari. shivlila vilaasamu yakshagaanaalu, natakamulu, satakaalu chellapilla narasakavi yaaminiipuurnatilakaa vilaasamu venkateswara vilaasamu mandapaka paarvateeswarasaastri mandapaka paarvateeswarasaastri satakamulu - yea kavi 60 paigaa satakamulu vraasenu. raadhaakrhushnha samvaadamu krottalanka mrutyunjayakavi dharatmaja parinayamu (dwyardhi kavyamu) bukkapatnam tirumal venkatacharyulu achalatmaja parinayamu (dwyardhi kavyamu) pindiprolu lakshmanakavi raavana dammeeyamu (lanka vijayamu) (dwyardhi kavyamu) ayyagari veerabhadrakavi yaadava raghava paandaveeyamu (tryardhi kavyamu) - intaku puurvamu elakuuchi baala sarasvathi vraasinadi. oruganti somasekharakavi ramakrishnarjunarupa narayaniyamu tryardhi kavyamu) - yaadava raghava paandaveeyamu - maroka vidhamugaa adhunika yugamu : 1875 nundi 1875 nundi 2000 varku velupadina rachanalu, rachayitalu, rachayitrula jaabithaa yea bhagamlo cherchaali. ikkadinundi sahithya prakreeyalu anek rangaalalo vikasinchaayi. kanuka ooko prakriyaanusaaram vibhajinchaali. kanuka yea bhaagam pratyeka jaabithaa vyaasamgaa cheyabadutunnadi. yea kaalamlo vividha sahiti prakreeyalu vistarinchaayi. achu yantraalu raavadam valla, vidya andharikii andubaatuloki raavadam valla anno rachanalu manaku labhyamoutunnaayi. kanuka yea yugamloni rachayitalanuu, rachanalanuu marinni jabitaluga vibhajistunnamu. soulabhyam choose yea bhagamlo "adhunika yugam" aney padalanu vadudam ledhu. chudandi - adhunika yugam saahiteekaarula jaabithaa 21va sathabdam chudandi - 21va sathabdam saahiteekaarula jaabithaa vanarulu pingalla lakshmikantam - aandhra sahithya charithra - pracurana: visalandhra puublishing house, haidarabadu (2005) internet aarchiivuloo labhyam divakarla venkatavadhani - aandhra vaamaya charitramu - pracurana : aandhra saraswata parishattu, haidarabadu (1961) internet aarchiivuloo labhyam dwa.Mon. shastry - telegu sahithya charithra - pracurana : prathiba publicetions, haidarabadu (2004) kandukuuri viiraesalimgam - aandhra kavula charithamu 2va bhaagam internet aarchiivuloo labhyam sahityam jaabitaalu jaabitaala jaabitaalu

satakamu (Sathakamu) anagaa vandha padyaalatho rachinche ooka sahiti procedure. shathaka sahiti prakreeyalo okate makutamu gala padyaalu kanisam vandha vraastaaru. bharthuhari vraasina subhaashita trisati samskruthamuloo prassiddhi chendinadi. "aandhra vaemayamuna saakhopashaakhalugaa vikaasamunandina kavya prakriyalaloo satakamokati. praakrit, samskrutha prakriyalananusarinchiya telegu shathaka rachanamarambhamai, kaalakramamuna vishisht sahiti prakriyagaa roopondinadi. telugulo pannendo sataabdamloo satakamaavirbhavinchinadi. yea yenimidhi vandala yendlalo telegu shathakam saakhopashaakhalugaa vistarilliswaroopamla swabhaavamlo entho maarpu nondinadi. bhartia bhashalalo enduloonuu shathaka procedure telugulo vale bahumukha vikaasamu pomdi vaishishtyamunondaledu. naetikii e muulanoo okachota shathakam veluvadutune unnadi. sajiiva sravantivale avichinnamgaa saagutuu vastunnadi satakame" ani shathaka saahityampai parisoedhana chosen aachaarya kao. gopaalakrishnaraavu Dumka. satakamulu puraanamula vale kathaa pradhaana mynavi kaavu. prabandhamula vale varnanaa praadhaanyamulu gavu, gayou krutulavale sangeeta praadhaanyamulu gavu, kanni telegu naata panditha paamarulane taaratamyamu leka, pillalu- peddalu aney tedaleka, chaduvurani vaarithoo sahaa.... andari lonoo bahulha pracharamu nondinadi shathaka saahityamu. intati bahulha praachuryamunu pondina telegu sahithya procedure marokati ledhu anadamlo sandeham ledhu. inthavaraku upalabdhamaina paata telegu grandhaalalo sankhya paranga chusthe satakaalade prathma sthaanamani cheppadamloo atisayokti ledhu. shathaka rachna procedure aati nundi neti varku avachinnamgaa kona saasutuunee Pali. eeka teluguku sajaateeyamulaina qannada, tamilamu, malayaalamu bhashalalo velupadina satakamula sanka athi takuva. qannada bashalo shathaka rachana telegu bhaasha kante mundhu praarambha mynanu aa bashalo shathaka saahityaaniki praadhaanyata entha maatramu ledhu. teluguku matrhuka yeyna samskrutamuna kudaa inni satakamulu leavu. telugulo Bara shathaka saahityamu pratyekatanu chaatukunnadi.telegu sahityam prassiddhi chendhindhi shathakam lakshanhaalu satakamulo prathi padyaanikee chivaraloo ooka padamu gaanii, padaalugaanii, porthi caranamu gaanii undatam aanavaayitii. idi aa rachayita santhakam lantidi. dheenini makutamu antaruu. udaharanaku vishvadaanhiraama vinuravema anunadhi vemana satakamu naku makutamu, alaage sumatii anunadhi sumatii satakamu naku makutamu, alaage venkateswara, dasarathi anunanvi itara udaaharanamulu. shathaka sahityam girinchi cheppe tappudu, vishwanatha satyanarayna vaari satakaala girinchi tappakunda prasthavana cheyyalsinde. yea crinda cheppina 10 satakaalu vaati perlu, makutamu prastaavinchatam jargindi. 1. srigiri satakamu (madhyaakkaralu) - makutam: shree saila mallikarjun mahaa ling! - vishwanatha satyanarayna 2. srikalahasti satakamu (madhyaakkaralu) - makutam: shree kaala hastiswara! mahaa daeva! - vishwanatha satyanarayna 3. bhadragiri satakamu (madhyaakkaralu) - makutam: badra giri punhya nilaya shree rama! - vishwanatha satyanarayna 4. kulaswamy satakamu (madhyaakkaralu) - makutam: nandamurnilaya! vishweshwara! kulaswamy! - vishwanatha satyanarayna 5. seshadri satakamu (madhyaakkaralu) - makutam: venkateswara! seshadri nilaya! - vishwanatha satyanarayna 6. dhraakshaaraama satakamu (madhyaakkaralu) - makutam: bheemesalinga! dhraakshaaraama sanga! - vishwanatha satyanarayna 7. nandamuru satakamu (madhyaakkaralu) - makutam: nandamurnilaya! santaana vaenu gopala! - vishwanatha satyanarayna 8. nekaru kallu satakamu (madhyaakkaralu) - makutam: nekarukal praanta siddhabja heli! - vishwanatha satyanarayna 9. munnangi satakamu (madhyaakkaralu) - makutam: nirmula! munnangi vaenu gopala! - vishwanatha satyanarayna 10. vemulavada satakamu (madhyaakkaralu) - makutam: vemulavada rajarajeshwara! swamy! - vishwanatha satyanarayna saadharanamga itara kavya, sahithya prakreeyalu panditulaku parimitamainaagaani, satakaalu mathram common prajaaneekamlo aadaranapondinavi. ila telugulo shathaka saahityamu paamarulakuu panditulakuu varadhiga nilichimdi. veetilo vemana satakaanikii, sumatii satakaanikii unna prachuryamu girinchi vaerae cheppalsina pania ledhu. migilina sahithya prakriyalakunna alankarika, laakshanika niyamaalu aney bandhalu shathaka saahityaaniki leavu. chhandassuku anugunamga vunte Basti. vishayanni ooka padyamloe vellagrakkavacchunu. ledha 10 padyaalalo vistarinpa vachunu. katha cheppalani, muginpu undaalanii niyamam ledhu. kanuka kaviki boledanta swaechcha Pali. chadivevadiki kudaa rojulatarabadi oche grandhaanni adhyayanam cheyalsina pania badadu. kanuka okkapadyamtone kaviki, chaduvariki anubandam yerpadavachhunu. satakaalu kluptamgaa vishayanni vidamarachi cheppe saadhanaalu. andhuke ivi praja kavitvamugaa aadarana santarinchukoni undavachhunu. satakaanikunda valasina lakshanaalanu mukhyamgaa aidintini perkona vachunu. avi. 1. sankhya niyamamu, 2. makuuta niyamamu, 3. vrutta niyamamu, 4. rasa niyamamu, 5. basha niyamamu. 1. sankhya niyamamu satakamu anagaa vandha ani ardhamu. e satakamu loonainaa vamdaku paigane padyamu lundavalenu, antakanna takuva padyamulatho nunnadi satakamanipinchu kodu. vamdaku takuva gaanii, ekuva gaani padyamulunnacho vaati vidigaa perlunnaayi. udaaharanakaku..... padi padyamulunnacho dasakamu, iravai iidu padyamulatho nunnadaanini panchavisanti aney, muppadirendu padhyamulu gala danki raaga sanka aney, muudu vandala padyamulunnacho trisati aney vatiki pratyekamaina perlu unnayi. 2.makuuta niyamamu. satakamu loni prathi padyamloe chivara nunna sambodhana padame makutamu. yea makutamu tappani sarigaa sambodhana gaane vundavalenu. yea sambodhana kudaa oche reetigaa nunda valenu. makutamunaku vaadina padhaniki sambamdhinchina padhaniki paryaya padhamulu gaanii, samaanaarthamaina padhamulu gaani vunda kudadu. ooka satakamulo makutamu.gaaa sarveshwara aney padaanni vaadina yadala anni padyamulaku adae padaanni vaadavalenu gaanii, danki pratyaamnaayamaina itara padealu anagaa vishweshwara., lokeshwara vento vaadakuudadu. konni padyamulalo ooka padame makutamuga nundagaa.... kondaru kavulu ooka padhya paadamantayuu makutamuga nenchukoniru. ooka padhya paadamantayu makutamuga nunna satakamunaku yudhaaharanamugaa vemana satakaanni pradhaanamgaa cheppukoovacchu. vishvadaanhiraama vinura vema anu makutamu purtiga ooka padhya paadamu. aavidhangaa oche padamu makutam nenchukuni vraasina satakaaniki yudhaaharanagaa sumatii satakaanni cheppukoovacchu. sumatii anu ooka padamu indulooni makutamu. 3.vruttaniyamamu satakamu loni makuuta niyamamunu batte vrutta niyamamu yerpadinadi. teluguna tholi satakamu..... mallikarjun panditaaraadhyuni shree giri mallikarjun satakamu. indali makutamu srigiri mallikarjuna ani yunduta chetha nindu champaka maala, utpala maala padhyamulu tappa vary vruttamulu imadaneravu. itle sarveshwara anu makutamunnapudu aa padyamu mattebhamu gaanii, saarduulamu gaani ayi yundavalenu. vemana padyaalalooni makutamu vishvadaanhiraama vinura vema indhulo aataveladi tappa marokati vunde avakaashamu ledhu. ola vary vruttamulanu vraayadaani prayatniste chandassu kudaradhu. kanuka satakamulo prathi padhyamuu oche vruttamlo nundavalenanedi niyamamerpadinadi. 4.rasaniyamamu satakamulo yee rasamu pratipaadina rachana saaginchaalo mundhey nirnayinchukoni andulooni padyamulanniyu aa rasa pradhaanamainavigaane vundavalenu. udaharanaku bakthi rasa pradhaanamiena satakamulo itara rasaalaina, srungara rasamu, prasakti rakudadu. satakamulo okarasapradhaanamaina choo andhulo itara rasala prayogamundaaraadani niyamamu. ola ayah rasapradhaanamaina satakamulenno unnayi. rasaniyamamula nanusarinchi velupadina satakamulalo konni mukyamainavi......., bakthi satamu, srungara satakamu, neethi satakamu, vaedaanta satakamu, haasya satakamu, kathaa satakamu, samasya satakamu, modhalagunavi.. 5.basha niyamamu satakamu lanniyu salakshanamaina kavva bhashalone yumdunu. kaavunane laakshanikulu satakamulanundi prayogamulu vento vatini pramanikamuluga teesukontaaru. conei teluguna chandrashekar satakamani okatunnadi. danilo chandra shekhara aney makutamutho champaka, utpalamaalika latovunnadi. indali bhaasha antayuu gramyame. shathaka vaemayamu pragathi mallikarjun panditaaraadhyuni sivatattvasaaramu shathaka vaemayamunaku aadyamugaa cheppavachchunu. paalkuriki somana (usa.sha.1300) vrushaadhipa satakamu mottamodati sampuurnha satakamu. sumaaru yea kaalamulone baddhayina sumatii satakamu, yathaavaakkula annamaiah sarveshwara satakamu veluvaddayi. viiti oravadilone telugulonu, kannadamulonu shathaka vaemayamu chalakalam konasaagindi. taruvaata telugulo yenni vaela satakaalu vachayo cheppadam kastham. endaro panditulu, kavulu, autsaahika rachayitalu vaervaeru amsaalaloo satakaalu rachincharu. bakthi (krishna satakamu), shrungaaramu (bharthuhari), tatvamu, vedantamu (bammera pothana - naryana satakamu), neethi (sumatii satakamu), pogadatam, thittatam, pogadinattu tittadam, tittinattu pogadadam, varninchadam, bodhinchadam - anni vishayaalaloonuu satakaalu vraasaaru. veetilo chaalaavaraku mudranaku nochukonabadaledu. telegu vaagmayamuna moottamoodhata velasina satakamulanniyi saivamata sampradaayakamulu. dheenini batti teluguna shathaka sahithya prakriyaku aadyulu sheva kavule nani rudiga cheppavacchu. bahusa apati sahiti prakriyalaloo okka satakasaahityame sanghamlooni achaaraalanu nishithamgaa vimarsinchadaaniki upayogapadindi. veetillo vemana satakamu eppatikee agragami. muudu pankthulalo muppai paejeelaku saripaye bhavanni imidchina medhaavi, thathva veettha. andaruu anukonnadaaniki kudaa nikkacchigaa yeduru nilachina mahaanubhaavudu vemana. shathaka saahityamlo mupfaiki paigaa muslim kavulu vraasina satakaalunnaayanna sangathi chaaala mandiki theliyadu. alaage kraistava bhaktiparamgaa kudaa chaaala satakaalunnaayi. telegu satakaalu moolaalu vanarulu aadluri sheshu maadhavaravu - telegu bhaasha, saahityamu webb saitu loni vyasamulu "eenadu" loo cheekolu sundaraiah vyasamu - "shathaka saahityamlo muslim kavulu" satakaalu - [http://www.teluguthesis.com teluguparisodhana]loo telegu sahityam

navala (aamglam: Novel) telegu saahityamlo ooka procedure. ivi adhunika kaalamlo athantha aadarana pondutunnadi. praarambha kaalam 19va shataabdi antyam nunchi telegu navala prarambham ayindhi. viiraesalimgam kondaru tholi telegu navalaga, marikondaru parisodhakulu tolinaallalooni ooka telegu navalaga bhavinchee srirangaraja charitramu vraasaaru. chinnayasuri panchatantram vraastoo vadilipettina vigrahatantraanni kandukuuri viiraesalimgam puurticheesi prachurincharu. aa samayamlo madraasu kristiyan kalashalaloo panichestunna samardhi rangayyachetti viiraesalimgam pratibhanu mecchukuntuu abhinamdana laekha vraastoo telugulo svakapolakalpitamaina vachana prabhanda rachanaku meeru poonukolera? ani mecchuntune proothsahinchee suchanalu chesar. srirangaraja charitramu aalochanaku adae modhal kaavachunani sahithya vimarsakulu bhaavimchaaru. 1892loo nyaayavaadi subbaaraavu sampadakatvamlo velupadina "cintamani" pathrika navalanu bagaa proothsahinchindi. navalala poteelu nirvahinchi navalaa saahithyaanni praachuryamloki thechindi, navalaa rachanaku kaavalasina suuthraalanu nirnayinchindhi. ayithe yea praarambhakaalamlo velupadina navalale ekkuvaga sangha samskaranala praamukhyata kanipistundhi. navala nawan viseshan laati gruhnatiiti navalaa' anagaa naveenamaina visheshaalu telupunadi navala ani kaasi bhattabramyaysast cheppeyi. navalaku navalaa' ani peruu pettinadi kaasi bhattabramyaysast. chanavala: navala anagaa sthree ani ardham. aanglamlo unna naval aney padm aadhaaramga navala aney peruu vacchindi. inglishulo padealu halantapadaalu hallu antamgaa unnadi novel aney padm. telegu padealu ajantapadaalu achutho antamgaa unnadi navala aney padm. kalpanalatho kuudinadhi, sudeergha oohanirmita katha navala. katha maanavajeevita paarsvaanni cheputundi. navala human jeevithanni samagramgaa cheputundi. navalalo katha, kavitvam, natakam yea muudu untai. navalanu samagramaina prakria, samahara prakria (complete) ani antaruu. madhyataragathi itihasam ani maroka peruu navalaku Pali. packet thiatre ani navalaku inkoperu Pali. navala-lakshanhaalu vachanam kaliginadi. katha kaliginadi. sudeerghata kaliginadi. kalpanalu kaliginadi. 20va sathabdam modati bhaagam 20va sathabdam tolirojullo vacchina marpulu navalaa rachananu prabhaavitam chesaayi. jaateeya bhavalu, aamgla vidyaavyaapti, samskaranodyamaalu, pathrikaa vyaapti, pustakam prachuranalu, samsthala sdhaapana modalainavannii navalaa vikaasaniki todpaddaayi. krishnaapatrika, deshamaatha, sarasvathi, hinduism sundari, manorama, aandhrapatrika vento patrikalu sahithya samskruthika punarujjeevananiki baatalu vaesaayi. vijnana chandrika mandili, aandhra prachaarinii granthamala, sarasvathi gramtha mandili, veguchukka granthamala vento pracurana samshthalu anno viluvaina pusthakaalanu prachurinchaayi. modatagaa chaarithraka, aparaadha parisoedhana navalaa anuvaadaalu ekkuvaga jarigaay. dheenini "anuvaada yugam" ani perkonavacchunu. bengali bhashanundi anuvaaditamaina navalallo aanandamatam (oa.vai.doraswamaiah), prafullamukhi (kanakavalli bhaskararao), radharani (chaganty sheshaiah) vantivi prasiddhipondaayi. maalaayaalaam nundi anuvaaditamaina navala "kalavati" (dodla venkataramareddy) vacchindi. appudee "ivan hoo" (ketavarapu vaenkatasaastri) vento aamgla chaarithraka navalale veluvaddayi. yea shataabdilo tarwata kaalamlo swatanter chaarithraka navalale veluvaddayi. dharani preggada vaenkata shivarao rachinchina "kaanchanamaala" (1908), vaenkata paarvateesa kavula "vasumatii vasantamu" (1911), Una.p. narsimham pantulu vraasina "vasantasena" (1912), satyavolu appaaraavu vraasina "punnabai" (1913) vantivi prasiddhipondaayi. 1900-1920 madhyakaalamloo sanghika samasyalu itivruttaalugaa velupadina navalalo vastu vaividhyam kanipistundhi. paashvaatya prabhaavamtho haetuvaada drhushti perigi samaja sanklishtatanu navalale chitrinchaayi. vithantu vivahalu, harijanaabhyudayam vento samskaara pratipaadakaalaina vastuvulu kanipistaayi. nedunuri ganeshwararao rachinchina "sugunati parinayamu" (1903), haddunuri gopaalaraavu "sundari" (1912), kothapally suuryaarao "kulapalika" (1913) vantivi yea rakamainavi. tallapragada sooryanaaraayana rachinchina "helavati" (1913) yea kaalamlo velupadina modati harijanaabhyudaya navala. raboye navalalaku maargadarshakatvam vahimchina rachanaluga matrumandiram, ganapathy, maalapalli navalalanu cheppukoovachchunu. chilakamarthi vaari "ganapathy" (1919) aa kaalamlooni braahmanha kutumbaallo vacchina kallolaalaku addampattina hasyapuurita navala. harijana samasyanu chithristuu unnava laxminarayan raasina navala "maalapalli"loo vyaavahaarika bhaasha vadudam visaesham. 1920-47 Madhya telegu navala kothha pokadalu poindhi. navyaa saahityodyamam, vyaavahaarika bhaashaavaadam, kaalpanika vudyamam modalie navalanu prabhaavitam chesaayi. basha viplavam teesukuraavaalanna gaadhamyna thapana yea rachayitalalo kanipistundhi. gudipaati venkatachalam, vishwanatha satyanarayna, adivi baapiraju yea kovaloki chendutaaru. sthree swaechcha, svechcha pranayaalanu calam pratipaadiste, samajam patishtam kavalante neethi niyamaalu, kattubaatlu drudataram kaavalani vishwanatha bhaavimchaaru. idekaalamlo mokkapati narasimhashaasthri, munimaanikyam narasimharao, shripad subrahmanyasastri telegu vikaasaniki thodpadina goppa rachayitalu. mokkapati vaari barrister paarvateesam (1925) utthama haasya navala, munimaanikyam "kaantam" aney haasya dhoranigala telegu illalini srustinchina dhanyudu. teluguthanam patla gaadhamyna abhinivesamto rachanalu chesinavaru shripad shastry atmabali, rakshabandhanamu aney prasidha navalale rachincharu. rendava bhaagam 1947 tarwata kaalamlo telegu navala raasiloonuu, vaividhyamloonu prajaadaranaloonu idi "navalayugam" anentha praacuryam pomdinadi. bhartiya swaatantryaanantaram vacchina navalalanu chaaritrikaalu, saanghikaalu ani sthuulamgaa vibhajinchvachchunu. sanghika navalallo entho vaividhyam, bhinna drukpadhaalu, dhooranulu kanipistaayi. yea kaalamlo navala Madhya tharagathi jeevithanni anni konaallo chupichadaniki prayatninchindhi. kodavatiganti kutumabarao Madhya tharagathi jeevitaalalooni vairudhyaalanu vislaeshaatmakamgaa chithristuu alochimpajese navalale raashaaru. "chaduvu", "anubhavam" modalaina navalallo samaajamlooni astavyastata paatrala swabhaavaallo kanipistundhi. "chivaraku migiledi" navalaa rachayita buchibabu dhi pradhaanamgaa soundharya drhushti, ayinava sanghamane chatramlo imadaleni vyakti jeevita chitrana dheenilo kanipistundhi. chaitan sravanti margamlo manoe vishlaeshanhaatmakamgaa rachinchina gopiichand navala "asamardhuni jeevitayaatra" rachakonda viswanaathasaastri gaari "alpajeevi"loo kudaa idhey riithi kanipistundhi. navin "ampashayya"loo viswavidhyalayamloni vidyaarthula jeevithanni rachincharu. yea vyavasthaloo vargatatvaanni chithrinchina beenadevi "punyabhoomi kalluteru" chaaala prasiddhikekkindi. poorvam navalaa rachayitrulu thakkuvaga unnaa, ippudu visthrutha sankhyalo strilu rachanalu chesthunnaaru. vaariloo ekkuvamandhi vaastavikataku suduuramaina pagatiki kalalanu chitristunnaru. janakarshana kala prasidha rachaitri yaddanapudi sulochanarani. purusha prapanchamloo streela banisa bratukunu chithristuu varu thama vyaktitvam koraku poraadaalani prabhoodhinchee rachaitri ranganaayakamma. aama rachinchina "balipeetam"loo sanghika chaitanyam koravadina varu varnaantara vivaham cheskunte vachey kashtanashtaalu chithrinchaaru. saamaajika samasyalanu vastuvugaa tesukoni vasireddi seetadevi rachinchina matti humanity, adivi malli, illindala saraswatheedevi rachinchina bhavathi bhikshandehi, daricherina praanulu ilanti prayojanamtho raasina navalale. sthree sexy jiivitaaniki sangham vidhinchina kattubaatlanu ediristuu raasina rachaitri latha. navalaa rachayitalu daasarathi rangacharya gudipaati venkatarama calam buchibabu muppala ranganaayakamma mokkapati narasimhashaasthri adivi baapiraju vishwanatha satyanarayna unnava laxminarayan p. lalita kumari (olgaa) kodavatiganti kutumabarao tennaeti hemalata (latha) yandamoori veerendranath yaddanapudi sulochanarani madhubabu malladi venkatakrishnamoorthi suryadevara ramamohanaravu yarramsetty saayi kommuri venugopalarao chilla subramanya kavanasarma arnad (haranaadhareddi) ravisastri (rachakonda vishwanaadhashaastri) vaddera chandidasu shripad subramanian shastry chivukula parshottam addamki anantaramaiah dvibhaashyam raajeshwararaavu navalale - rachayitalu - visheshanam ivi kudaa chudandi telegu navalala aadhaaramga teesina cinemalu moolaalu navalale

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chemakura venkatakavi nayakarajullo mukhyudu, saahiteepriyudaina raghunaathanaayakuni koluvulo kavi. dakshinandhra sahithya yugamloo chemakura venkatakavidi mukhyasthaanam. jeevita visheshaalu chemakura venkatarama kavi kaalam usa.sha.1630 praanta. Thanjavur nayakarajulalo prasiddudagu raghunaatharaaju aasdhaanamloe yea sarasakavi undevaadu. yea kavi vrutthi ritya raghunaadhuni oddha, kshaatra dharmam nirvartistuu raju sainikulalono, sainikaadhikaarulaloono okarigaa undevaaru. rachanalu chemakura venkatakavi sarangadhara charithra, vijayavilasam rachincharu. aayana rachanallo vishishtamaina vijayavilasanni arjunudi (vijayuni) teerthayaatra, human, naaga kanyalanu ayana vivaham chesukovadam ithivruthamga rachincharu. Gaya prabandhayugaanni daati dakshinaandhrayugamloki sahityam adugupettaka aa style athyunnatha stayini amdukunna kavi chemakura venkanna. ascharyakaramaina, adbuthamaina chamatkaaraalato kallu mirumitlugolipela chestarantu aayana sailini saahityavetta bethavolu ramabrahman prasamsimchaaru. prakhtaati chemakura venkatarajakavini, atadu vraasina prabandharaajaaluvijayavilalaa, sarangadhara charitralanu norara prasamsimchani kavulugaani, panditulugaani, vimarsakulugaani yea mooduvandala yabai samvatsaaraallo aandhradesamlo yevvaru lerani niraaghaatamga cheppavacchu. kondaru chemakura pakana pandindannaaru. intiperu nasaga unnaa kavitvam pasaga undannaaru kondaru. chakkeramallalo amrutam paarinchi pandinchina chemakura ani okaru annatu. inkokaru kadungadum gadusuvadu ani mechhaaru. "accha padamulanu pondikaga goorchi kavanamu cheppu nerpu yea kaviki kudirinatlu mariyoka kaviki bayati linkulu Mathura Thanjavur nayaka raajula aati aandhra vaamaya charithra - Mathura Thanjavur naayakaraajula kaalamlo vilasillina saahithyaanni gurinchina parisoedhana. telegu kavulu AndhraPradesh chaarithraka vyaktulu aasdhaana kavulu

raghunaadha nayakan tanjaavuurunu elina Thanjavur nayaka vamsapu mudava raju. Thanjavur nayaka vamsapu rajullo athantha prasiddudu raghunaadha nayakan. ithadu 1600 nundi 1634 varku paalinchaadu. krishnadevarayala anantaram antativaadekaaka, antakuminchinavaadani ennadhagina aandhrabhojudu.ithanu rajekakunda samskrutam, telegu ubhayabhaashalaloonuu kavitvam cheppagalavaadu. antekakundaa nuuthana raagaalanu, taalaalanu kanipetti veenala melavimpunu samskarinchina sangiitasaastra nipunudu. parijata haranam anu grandhamnu chiruta praayamloone samskruthamloo rachinchadu. ippudu labhistunna intani grandhaalu vaalmeeki charithra, raamaayanam anu padhya kaavyaalu, nala charithra anu dwipada kavya, janaki kalyaanam anu chaatu kavya, rukmini kalyaanam anu yaksha gaanam lu.intani paalanaloe Thanjavur saahityaaniki, kalalaku, Karnataka sangeethaaniki pradhaana kendramaindi. praarambha jeevitam raghunaadha nayakan, achyutappa naayakuni peddha kumarudu. thandri gera thapassu chosen tarwata kaligina santhaanam. raghunaathaabhyudayam, saahityanaatyakaaralo intani baalya vivaralu vivaranga ivvabadinavi. baluniga unnappude raghunaathuniki sastralu, yuddhavidyalu, paalanavyavahaaraalalo manchi sikshnha pondadu. raghunaadha naayakuniki anekamandi bharyalu undevaaru.intani bhaaryalalo pramukhuraalaina kalavati, "raghunaathaabhyudayam"loo pattapuraanigaa varninchabadindi. Thanjavur nayaka vamsa charithra vraasina ramabhadramma raghunaadhuni bhogapatni tolirojullo raghunaadha nayakan golaconda raajyamto poradi andari prashamsalu andukonnadu. raghunathudu1600loo raajyapaalana baadhyatalanu chepattaadu. 1600 nundi 1614 varku tandritho sahapalakuniga paalinchaadu. 1614loo thandri maranam tarwata pattaabhishiktudai, 1634loo maraninchevaraku raajyaanni paalinchaadu. kalaa poeshanha raghunaadha nayakan samskrutam, aandhramlalo tommidhi rachanalu chesinatu thelusthondi.prasthutham 4 Bara labhyam.. veenilo 3 prabandhaalu.avi 1. vaalmeeki charithra: vaalmeeki gaatha kaavyamgaa rachinchabadindi. 2. raghunaadha raamaayanam: kontamatrame labhistondi. shree ramachandrunike ankitameeyabadindi. 3. srungara sawithri: idi srungaaraprabandham. deeni mro peruu ' saavitrii kalyaanam '. dheenini 1928loo z.ene.shastry und kovaru ganti sooryanaaraayana shastry sampadakatvamlo mudrinchaaru. intani aasthaanamlooni kavulalo pramukhulu: chemakura venkatakavi govinda deekhsitulu yagnanaaraayana deekhsitulu krishnadhwari ramabhadramba madhuravaanhi bayati linkulu Mathura Thanjavur nayaka raajula aati aandhra vaamaya charithra - Mathura Thanjavur naayakaraajula kaalamlo vilasillina saahithyaanni gurinchina parisoedhana. moolaalu samskrutha rachayitalu telegu rachayitalu 1634 maranalu Thanjavur naayakaraajulu theluguvaarilo chaarithraka vyaktulu TamilNadu teluguvaaru

nevemberu 9, gregorian‌ calander‌ prakaramu samvatsaramulo 313va roeju (leepu samvatsaramulo 314va roeju ). samvatsaraamtamunaku enka 52 roojulu migilinavi. sanghatanalu 1985: bharathadesapu nyaayasevaadinam. paedha, balahina vargala variki uchita nyayasahayam andhinchay chattam amaluloeki vacchindi. 1989: 1961 augustu 13 tedeena berlin, eest germanyga vibhajinchabadindhi. brandenburg get moosiveyabadindi saranaarthula valasalanu addukovadaniki, Kota yokka turupu, paschima rangaala Madhya sarihaddunu moosivesaaru. remdu rojula taruvaata, berlin wal gooda kattadam prarambhamaindi. turupu geramny prajala swechchaku, 1989 nevemberu 9 varku yea berlin wal ooka addankigaa nilichimdi. jananaalu 1877: muhammadu iqbal. urdoo, paarashee bhashalalo kavi. 1895: duvvuru ramreddy, adhunikandhra kavullo davvuri mundhu varusalo vuntaarani nissandehamgaa cheppukoovacchu. (ma.1947) 1917: pidatala rangaareddi, AndhraPradesh saasanasabha speekaru, maajii saasanamandali adhyakshudu. (ma.1991) 1924: kalipatnam ramarao, sarala basha rachayita, kadhakudu, vimarshakudu, upaadhyaayulu. 1936: rekandar anasuyadevi, surabhi nati. 1946: mukunda ramarao, prastanam modhata kathaarachayitagaa praarambhamainaa kaviga sthirapaddadu. anuvaadakudigaa raaninchaadu 1948: garimella balkrishna prasad, paerondhina sangeeta vidvaansulu, Karnataka sangeetamlo, lalita sangeetamlo, jaanapadha sangeetamloonuu perondaadu. 1954: shekar nag, qannada cinemalo popuular natudu, dharshakudu jananam. 1970: cris jerikho, kusteeyodhudu, television, rangastala natudu, rachayita, rdi vyaakhyaata, television vyaakhyaata, rock gayakudu. 1978:: raza: telegu sinii natudu maranalu 2009: hargovind khurana, nobel‌ bahumati graheeta. (ja.1922). 1927: maganti annapoornaadevi: rachaitri, samaja sevika, swatantrya samara yodhuraalu. (ja 1900) 2005: kao.orr.narayanan, bhartiya deesha puurva rastrapathi. (ja.1920) pandugalu , jaateeya dinaalu legally services dinum. prapancha naanhyataa dinotsavam. Uttarakhand fouundation dee bayati linkulu bbc: yea roejuna t.ene.emle: yea roeju charithraloo charithraloo yea roeju : nevemberu 9 chaarithraka sanghatanalu 366 roojulu - puttina roojulu - scope cyst. yea roejuna charithraloo emi jargindi. yea roejuna emi zarigindante. charithraloo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu. yea roju goppatanam. canadalo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu charitraloni roojulu nevemberu 8 - nevemberu 10 - oktober 9 - dissember 9 -- anni tedeelu nevemberu tedeelu

novemeber 8, gregorian‌ calander‌ prakaramu samvatsaramulo 312va roeju (leepu samvatsaramulo 313va roeju ). samvatsaraamtamunaku enka 53 roojulu migilinavi. sanghatanalu 1947: junagadh samsthaanam bharat‌loo vileenamayyindi. 1948: mahatma gandheeni hathya chesinatlugaa nathuram gadse angeekarinchaadu, kanni kutra chesinatlugaa oppukoledhu. 2016: ru.500, ru.1000 notlanu bhartiya prabhuthvam raddhu chesindi. jananaalu 1656: edmond haley, thokachukkanu kanugonna haley inglanduloo hegar‌stun‌loo ooka dhanika kutumbamlo janminchaadu. (ma.1742) 1884: herman roshak, swidgerland‌ku chendina manasika shaastraveettha (ma.1922). 1893: dwaram venkateswami nayudu, vaayuleena vidvaamsudu (ma.1964). 1896: pappuru ramacharyulu, telegu kavi (ma.1972). 1908: rajarao, aamgla navalaa, kathaa rachayita. padmavibhushan puraskara graheeta (ma.2006). 1917: chitimella brundavanamma, vidyaavetta, sangha sevakuraalu, chitrakaarini (ma.2008). 1918: baratam neelakantaswamy, aadyatmika veettha (ma.2007). 1927: lall krishna adwani, bhartia janathaa parti nayakan. 1936: yess.gangappa, telegu rachayita. 1968: chandramahesh , telegu chalana chitra dharshakudu,rachayita . 1969: enumula revanth reddy, mahabub Nagar jalla telugudesam parti rajakeeya nayakan, taruvaata congresses loo cheeraadu. 1986 : aaron swartz, ooka amarican computers prograammer, rachayita, rajakeeya nirvahakudu, amtarjaala karyakartha. 1991: aksha paarthasaani , telegu, tamila, malayala chitra nati,modal maranalu 1971: puutalapattu sriramulureddy, telegu kavi, anuvaadakulu (ja.1892). 1977: b.ene.reddy, telegu cinma dharshakudu (ja.1908). 2012: justices sardar ollie khan, AndhraPradesh rashtra maajii pradhaana nyaayamuurthi. (ja. 1930) 2013: Una.v.yess., telegu cinma haasyanatudu, rachayita, dharshakudu, nirmaataa, rajakeeyanaayakudu (ja.1957). pandugalu , jaateeya dinaalu world toun plaanning dee. antarjaateeya radiology dinotsavam. bayati linkulu bbc: yea roejuna t.ene.emle: yea roeju charithraloo charithraloo yea roeju : novemeber 8 chaarithraka sanghatanalu 366 roojulu - puttina roojulu - scope cyst. yea roejuna charithraloo emi jargindi. yea roejuna emi zarigindante. charithraloo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu. yea roju goppatanam. canadalo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu charitraloni roojulu novemeber 7 - novemeber 9 - oktober 8 - dissember 8 -- anni tedeelu novemeber tedeelu

novemeber 7, gregorian‌ calander‌ prakaramu samvatsaramulo 311va roeju (leepu samvatsaramulo 312va roeju ). samvatsaraamtamunaku enka 54 roojulu migilinavi. sanghatanalu 1917: rashyaa viplavam (bolshevik viplavam ledha oktober viplavam) vijayavanthamaindi. apatlo rashyaa upayoginchutunna julien kaalendar prakaaram aa nela oktober. amduvalana dheenini oktober viplavam ani annatu. 1950: nepaul rajuga gnanendra padaviloki vachadu. jananaalu 1728: james cook, aamgla-naavikudu, samudra yaanikudu, saahasa yaatrikudu. (ma.1779) 1858: bipan chandra pal, bhartiya swatantrya poratayodhudu. (ma.1932) 1867: mareekyuri, bhautika, rasayinaka shaastraveettha. remdu nobel bahumatulu (bhautika, rasayana shaasthraalalo) graheeta. (ma.1934) 1888: chndrasekhar venkataramanan, bhartiya bhautika shaastraveettha, nobel bahumati vijaeta. (ma.1970) 1900: paturi rajagopala nayudu, swatantrya samara yodhudu. maajii paarlamentu sabhyudu. rautu nayakan. saahiteevetta. 1900: ene.z.rangaa, bhartiya swatantrya samarayodudu, paarlamentu sabhyudu, rautu nayakan. (ma.1995) 1912: chithira tirunal balarama varma, travencore samsthaanam yokka aakari maharaju. (ma.1991) 1920: bollimunta shivaramakrishna, abyudaya rachayita, praja kalakarudu, haethuvaadhi. (ma.2005) 1928: em.emle.narasimharao, swatantrya samarayodudu, rachayita, saahiteevetta. (ma.2016) 1932: gidugu raajeshwararaavu, telegu bhashapai pattunna rachayita, kalakarudu. (ma.2013) 1937: kothapally ghanashyamala prasaadaraavu, samskruthaandhra pandithudu, avadhaani. (ma.2016) 1954: kimmel hassan, chalanachitra natudu. 1957: vai.vijaya, telegu cinma nati, nrutya kalaakaarini. 1960: rupa: telegu chalanachitra nati. 1960: sappa durgaprasad, nruthyakalaakaarudu. 1970: diskoo shanthi, telegu srungara nrutyataara. 1971: reethooparna seen gupta, bengaali cinemalo nati. 1971: thrivikram shreeniwas , telegu sinii matala rachayita, kathaa rachayita, dharshakudu. 1973: vaenu donepudi, bhartia automobil paarisraamikavetta, multibrand carr sevala kompany corge‌ maenaejimng‌ dirctor‌. 1979: raima seen , chalana chitra nati . 1980: caarthik, telegu, tamila chithraseemalo gayakudu. 1981: anoushka setty, bhartia sinii nati. maranalu 1975: jiauur rehman, bangladeshs adhyakshudu. 1992: madhunaapantula satyanarayna shastry, telegu saahityamlo kavi. (ja.1920) 2000: sea.subramaniam, bharitiyudu, bharataratna graheeta. (ja.1910) 2014: dvivedula visalakshi, kathaa, navalaa rachaitri. (ja.1929) pandugalu , jaateeya dinaalu ene.ti.p.sea. sdhaapana dinotsavam. baalala samrakshana dinum. prapancha vesaktami dinotsavam . jaateeya cancer avagaahana dinotsavam bayati linkulu bbc: yea roejuna t.ene.emle: yea roeju charithraloo charithraloo yea roeju : novemeber 7 chaarithraka sanghatanalu 366 roojulu - puttina roojulu - scope cyst. yea roejuna charithraloo emi jargindi. yea roejuna emi zarigindante. charithraloo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu. yea roju goppatanam. canadalo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu charitraloni roojulu novemeber 6 - novemeber 8 - oktober 7 - dissember 7 -- anni tedeelu novemeber tedeelu

nevemberu 6, gregorian‌ calander‌ prakaramu samvatsaramulo 310va roeju (leepu samvatsaramulo 311va roeju ). samvatsaraamtamunaku enka 55 roojulu migilinavi. sanghatanalu jananaalu 1948: muntaz ali, aadyatmika veettha. 1953: :paapineni sivashankar, adhunika telegu kavitva prapanchamuloo agrashreni kavulalo okadu. maranalu 1951: heeralal jekisundas kania, bharatadesa modati pradhaana nyaayamuurthi (ja. 1890) 1985: sanjiv kumar, hiindi chalanachitra natudu. (ja.1938) 2018: kapilavai lingamurthy, paalamooru jillaku chendina kavi, rachayita, sahiti parisoodhakudu (ja. 1928). pandugalu, jaateeya dinaalu - bayati linkulu bbc: yea roejuna t.ene.emle: yea roeju charithraloo charithraloo yea roeju : nevemberu 6 chaarithraka sanghatanalu 366 roojulu - puttina roojulu - scope cyst. yea roejuna charithraloo emi jargindi. yea roejuna emi zarigindante. charithraloo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu. yea roju goppatanam. canadalo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu charitraloni roojulu nevemberu 5 - nevemberu 7 - oktober 6 - dissember 6 -- anni tedeelu nevemberu tedeelu

novemeber 5, gregorian‌ calander‌ prakaramu samvatsaramulo 309va roeju (leepu samvatsaramulo 310va roeju ). samvatsaraamtamunaku enka 56 roojulu migilinavi. sanghatanalu 1556: rendava paanipattu yuddamlo akbaru sainyamtho hemunu odinchina roeju. appatiki akbaruku padamuudeellu. sainyadhyakshudu bairankhan‌ aadhvaryamloo moghalulaku yea vision sontamaindi. 1605: british‌ paarlamentu bhawanaanni pelchivesenduku romman‌ cathalikkulu pannina kutra viphalamaina roeju. dheennee 'gunn‌pouder‌ plaat‌' antaruu. 'guy fackes‌' aney vyakti peludu saamagritho paarlamentu loopaliki velthundaga bhadrataa sibbandi pattukunnaru. aati nunchi etaa novemeber 5na ingland‌loo banasancha kalchi 'guy fackes‌ dee'gaaa jarupukumtaaru. 1895: gorge‌ selden‌ ruupomdimchina gasoline‌thoo nadichee injin‌ku petentu hakkulu labhinchayi. amarican‌ autoveubil‌ rangaaniki sambandhinchinanta varakuu idhey modati petentu. 1920: bhartia rudd‌crosse erpadindi. 1951: paschima, Madhya railvelu mumbayilo erpaatayyaayi. 1967: ats‌-3 krutrima upagrahaanni America prayooginchindhi. rodhasi nunchi puurtisthaayiloo bhuumii chaayaachitraalanu teesina modati upagraham adi. 1976: emergency kaalam. lok‌sabha padaviikaalam mugisina, mro savatsaram paatu yea kollanni tanuku taanee podiginchukundi. 1977: bhartiya videesha vyavaharaala saakhaa manthri, atala behari vajpeyi, aikyaraajyasamitiloo hiindi loo prasanginchaadu. 1976: bhartiya lok‌sabha speker‌gaaa bhaliram bhagath padavini sweekarinchadu. 1989: antarjaateeya okarooju cricket potilloo bats‌man‌gaaa sachiin tendoolkar arangetram. jananaalu 1877: pentala vaenkata subrahmanyasastri, samskruthaandhra panditulu, vimarsakulu, parisodhakulu. (ma.1950) 1892: j.b.yess‌. haldane‌, british genyu shaastraveettha. (ma.1964) 1925: aluri bairaagi, telegu kavi, kathaa rachayita, kendra sahithya akaadami awardee graheeta, maanavataavaadi. (ma.1978) 1952: vandana sheva, ooka tattvavetta, paryavarana udyamakaarini, paryavarana, streevaada rachaitri. 1995:mohreen pirzada , hiindi, telegu,chitraala nati,modal. maranalu 1972: subhadra shreenivasan, aakaasavaani karyakrama nirvaahakuraalu. (ja.1925) 1987: daasarathi krishnamacharyulu, Telangana prajala kanneellanu 'agnidhara'gaaa malichi nijam paalana meedhiki ekkupettina mahakavi. (ja.1925) 1993: nallah narasimhalu, Telangana saayudha poraata udyamakarudu, sipii nayakan. (ja. 1926) 1995: iljak abn, ijrail maajii pradhanamantri. 2019: karnauti lakshminarasaiah natudu, prayokta, dharshakudu, jaanapadha kalakarudu. (ja.1927) pandugalu, jaateeya dinaalu- . prapancha sunami dinotsavam - bayati linkulu bbc: yea roejuna t.ene.emle: yea roeju charithraloo charithraloo yea roeju : novemeber 5 chaarithraka sanghatanalu 366 roojulu - puttina roojulu - scope cyst. yea roejuna charithraloo emi jargindi. yea roejuna emi zarigindante. charithraloo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu. yea roju goppatanam. canadalo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu charitraloni roojulu novemeber 4 - novemeber 6 - oktober 5 - dissember 5 -- anni tedeelu novemeber tedeelu

novemeber 4, gregorian‌ calander‌ prakaramu samvatsaramulo 308va roeju (leepu samvatsaramulo 309va roeju ). samvatsaraamtamunaku enka 57 roojulu migilinavi. sanghatanalu 1869: nechar (pathrika) anede ooka briteesh vygnaanika pathrika. idi 1869 novemeber 4na modatisari prachurinchabadindhi. prapanchamloo athantha prasiddhigaanchina bahulha shaastreeya vibhaagaala patrikagaa idi pariganhinchabadutundi. 2004: aandhra Pradesh governorga sushil‌ kumar‌ shindae niyamitudayyaadu. 1947: bharathadesapu mottamodati parama veerachakra puraskaaraanni mazer somanath sharmaku maranaanantaram pradanam chesaru. aayana kaashmeeru poratamlo maranhichadu. 1979: iranian bandeela kallolam modaliendi. iranian‌loni ativaadulu America rayabara kaaryaalayam medha daadi chessi, 63 mandhi amerikanulatho sahaa 90 mandini bamdiilugaa pattukunnaru. jananaalu 1845: vaasudeva balwanta phadke, briteesh paripaalanaku vyatirekamga poraadina bhartia swatantrya samarayodudu. (ma.1883) 1889: jamnalal bajaz, vyaapaaravettha, bhartiya swatantrya samarayodudu. (ma.1942) 1922: alapati rabindranath, jyothy, reraani, cinma, misimi pathrikala sthaapakudu. (ma.1996) 1925: ritwick ghatak, ooka bengali bhartia chitranirmaata, scriptu rachayita (ma.1976). 1929: shakunthala divi, ganita, khagola, jyoothisha sastravet 203) (ma.2013). 1932: v.b.rajendraprasad, jagpathi pikchars, jagpathi art prodakctions adhineta. (ma.2015) 1944: padmavathi bandhopadhyay, bhartiya vaimaaniki dalamlo modati mahilhaa air martial. aama bhartiya saayudha dalaalalo muudu nakshatraala ryankuku padoonnathi pondina rendava mahilha. 1964: jonnalagadda srinivasaa raao , teluguchalanachitra dharshakudu , nirmaataa . 1971: tabu , bhartia sinii natii . maranalu 1980: kao.sabhaa, kathaa rachayita, navalakarudu, kavi, geyakarta, balasahitya nirmaataa, sampadakudu, jaanapadha gayou sankalanakarta, prachuranakarta. (ja.1923) 2000: nagender,(rajen nagender sangeeta dwayam) sangeeta darshakulu (ja.1935) 2007: arja janardhanarao, telegu nataka, cinma natudu. (ja.1926) pandugalu , jaateeya dinaalu 1956 : yamavidiya bayati linkulu bbc: yea roejuna t.ene.emle: yea roeju charithraloo charithraloo yea roeju : novemeber 4 chaarithraka sanghatanalu 366 roojulu - puttina roojulu - scope cyst. yea roejuna charithraloo emi jargindi. yea roejuna emi zarigindante. charithraloo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu. yea roju goppatanam. canadalo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu charitraloni roojulu novemeber 3 - novemeber 5 - oktober 4 - dissember 4 -- anni tedeelu novemeber tedeelu

novemeber 3, gregorian‌ calander‌ prakaramu samvatsaramulo 307va roeju (leepu samvatsaramulo 308va roeju ). samvatsaraamtamunaku enka 58 roojulu migilinavi. sanghatanalu 1956: padmaja nayudu paschima bengal gavarnaruga neyaamakam. 1966: tupaanu dhatiki paschima bengaallo 1000 mandhi maranhicharu. 1984: pradhani endira ghandy maranaanantaram dhelleeloo jargina himsaakaandalo 3000 mandhi maranhicharu. jananaalu 1688: maharaja jaising II, ambar (taruvaata Jaipur ani pilavabadinadi) raju. (ma.1743) 1874: marepalli raamachandhra shastry, saahiteevetta, sangha samskartha, nataka ranga pramukhudu. (ma.1951) 1878: bengalooru nagaratnamma, gaayani, kalaakaarini. (ma.1952) 1890: heeralal jekisundas kania, bharatadesa modati pradhaana nyaayamuurthi (ma. 1951) 1904: krovvidy lingaraju, swatantrya samara yodhudu, rachayita. (ma.1986) 1906: prithiviraj kapoor, hiindi sinimaanatudu. daadaa saaheb faalke awardee graheeta. (ma.1972) 1925: elchuri vijayaraghava raao, bhartia sangeetakaarudu, vaenugaana vidvaamsudu, sangeeta dharshakudu, rachayita. (ma.2011) 1933: amartya seen, aardika shaasthramlo nobel bahumati svikarinchina tholi bharathadesapu aardika shaastraveettha. 1935: i.v.saroja, 1950, 60 va dasakaalaku chendina tamila, telegu cinma nati, natya kalaakaarini. (ma.2006) 1936: ray emmerson, austreliaku chendina tennis kridaakaarudu. 1937: zikki, tamila, qannada, malayaala, simhala, hiindi bhashalalo sinii gayakuralu. (ma.2004) 1940: pentala varavara raao, viplava rachayita. 1949: annah winter, ooka british-amarican  paathrikeeyudu, sampadakudu. 1955: kaatyaayani vidmahe, abyudaya rachaitri. 1956 : kota raajasheekhar, dhaarmikopanyaasakulu. samskrutabhasha prachaarakulu. 1963: pydi teraesh badu, kavi. (ma.2014) 1968: manibaala. yess, rangastala nati. maranalu 1998: p.emle. naryana, vilakshanhamaina natudu, nataka prayokta. (ja.1935) 2022: kancherla lakshmareddy, Telangana udyamakarudu, seniior jarnalistu. 2022: z.yess. varadaachaari, sinii vimarshakudu, paathrikeeyudu (ja. 1932) pandugalu , jaateeya dinaalu - bayati linkulu bbc: yea roejuna t.ene.emle: yea roeju charithraloo charithraloo yea roeju : novemeber 3 chaarithraka sanghatanalu 366 roojulu - puttina roojulu - scope cyst. yea roejuna charithraloo emi jargindi. yea roejuna emi zarigindante. charithraloo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu. yea roju goppatanam. canadalo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu charitraloni roojulu novemeber 2 - novemeber 4 - oktober 3 - dissember 3 -- anni tedeelu novemeber tedeelu

novemeber 2, gregorian‌ calander‌ prakaramu samvatsaramulo 306va roeju (leepu samvatsaramulo 307va roeju ). samvatsaraamtamunaku enka 59 roojulu migilinavi. sanghatanalu 1774: robertu klaivu inglanduloo aatmahatya chesukunadu. eest india kompany tharapuna bharat‌loo panichaesina klaivu, kompany bharat‌loo saaginchina aakramanalalo mukhya bhuumika nirvahimchaadu. 1757loo jargina, prassiddhi chendina plassey yuddamlo briteeshu senaadhipati eeyane. appula baadha tattukoleka atmahatyaku paalpaddaadu. 1976: bhartiya rajyangam yokka 42 va savarananu lok‌sabha aamodinchindi. appativaraku sarvasattaaka, prajaasvaamya, ganathanthra raajyamaina bharat, yea savarna taruvaata sarvasattaaka, saamyavaada, loukika, prajaasvaamya, ganathanthra raajyamayindi. jananaalu 1865: panuganti lakshmi narasimharao, telegu saahiteevetta, haasya, vyangya, adhikshepa rachayita, shakshi upanyaasaalanu rachinchi telegu saahityaaniki anek amoolyaabharanaalu andinchinavaadu (ma.1940). 1920: patraayani sangeetaraavu, aandhra deeshaaniki chendina suprasidda sangeeta vidvaamsudu. 1925: abburi kamaladevi , rangastala nati, harishchandra,srikrishna , duryodhan, paathralaku pettimdi peruu, cinemalalo natinchindi. 1956: raajyam. kao, rangastala nati (ma.2018). 1965: shahrukh khan, biollywood na‌tudu. 1995: niveda thomas,modal, malayaala, tamila,telegu nati maranalu 1958: saami venkatachalam setty, vyaapaaravettha, congrsu parti rajakeeya nayakan, madraasu corporate yokka prathma congrsu adhyakshudu (ja.1887). 1962: tirupurna gopiichand, sampuurnha maanavataavaadi, telegu rachayita, haethuvaadhi, saahiteevetta, telegu cinma dharshakudu. (ja.1910) 2010: Una .hetch.v. subbaaraavu, paathrikeeyudu. (ja.1934) 2012: kinjarapu errannayudu, telugudesam parti polit beuro sabhyudu, kendra maajii manthri. (ja.1957) 2015: kondavalasa lakshmanarao, telegu nataka, chalana chitra natudu. (ja.1946) 2022: chilla bhagirathareddy AndhraPradesh raashtraaniki chendina rajakeeya nayakan, saasanamandali sabhyudu. (ja.1976) pandugalu , jaateeya dinaalu eandian arrival dee. (marishas) bayati linkulu bbc: yea roejuna t.ene.emle: yea roeju charithraloo charithraloo yea roeju : novemeber 2 chaarithraka sanghatanalu 366 roojulu - puttina roojulu - scope cyst. yea roejuna charithraloo emi jargindi. yea roejuna emi zarigindante. charithraloo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu. yea roju goppatanam. canadalo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu charitraloni roojulu novemeber 1 - novemeber 3 - oktober 2 - dissember 2 -- anni tedeelu novemeber tedeelu

sarasvathi nadi hinduism puraanhamulaloo cheppabadina oa puraathanamaina nadi. rugvedamu loni nadeesthuthilo cheppabadina sarasvathi nadhiki, thuurpuna yamunaa nadi paschimaana satadruu (sutlej) nadi unnayi. aa taruvaata mahabharathamulo yea nadi endipoyinatlu cheppabadindi. simdhu loeya nagarikatha kalamnati avasheshaalu ekkuvaga simdhu nadhiki thuurpuna, ghaggar-hackra nadi praantamulalo labhinchinaayi. prasthuthamu sarasvathi aney paerumeeda oa chinna nadi Pali. idi ghaggar nadhiki upanadhi. bahusa puraathana sarasvathi nadhiki oa saakha ayi vumdavacchu. sarasvathi divi modatlo yea nadiideevaa moorthigaane prarambhamaindi, ayithe tarvati kaalamlo vishishtamaina deevathaa swaruupamgaa gurthimpu pondindi. hindus sarasvathi nadini antarvaahinigaanuu, ganges-yamunala sangamamlo triveni sangaman oddha pravahistondanii bhaawistaaru. svargam oddha umdae ksheeravaahini, vaidika sarasvathi nadi okatenani, maranaanantaram amaratvaaniki idi maargamga bhaavinchevaaranii haarvaard vishvavidyaalayanloo samskrutha acharyudu, haarvaard orientel searies‌ki sampadakudu ayina mikhail vigel bhaavinchaadu. rugvedamloonuu, tarvati vedaalloonuu pratuta kalamnati nadulu, prachina nadulanu stutinchadam kanipistundhi. rugvedamloni nadeestuti manthra bhaagam sarasvathi nadini thuurpuna yamuna, paschimaana sutlej (sathadru) naduma unattu varninchindhi. tarvati vedha paatyaalaina taandya, jaimineeya braahmanaalu, mahabharatham sarasvathi nadi edaarilo inkipoyinattu prastaavinchaayi. 19va shataabdi tudikaalam nunchi parisodhakulu vaidika sarasvathi nadi ippati vayuvya bhaaratadaesamloonuu, turupu pakistan‌lonoo pravahisthunna ghaggar-hakra nadhii vyavasthaloonidani bhaavinchasaagaaru. satellite teesina chithraalu sarasvathi nadhii gamananni marinta spashtangaa chuupimchaayi, aa nadi ippati ghaggar nadhii gamananni anusarinchedi. sindhulooya nagarikatha vilasillina Rajasthan‌loni kalibangan, haryaanaaloni banavali, rakhighari, Gujarat‌loni dholavira, lothal yea nadeepareevaahaka praantamloonae unnattugaa parisodhakulu gurtincharu. aithe, ghaggar-hakra rugvedamlo pratyekinchi prastaavimpabadivundada, adhee vedakaalaaniki endipoyina nadhigaa dani prasthavana raavadamtho vaidika sarasvathi nadini ghaggar-hakra nadhii vyavasthaloo gurtimchadam samasyaatmakamainadi. annet wilke matallo - vaidika prajalu vayuvya bharatadesamloki valasavastunna kalaniki ghaggar-hakra, edaarilo chinna pravaaham aypoyindi. itivali bhuubhoutikasaastra parisoedhanalu ghaggar-hakra nadhii vyvasta, varshaakaalamlo varshapuneetitho nimdae nadula vyvasta aney, vaataavarana maarpula will nadulu inkipotuundadamtoe sindhulooya nagarikatha debbatinipoyivundava suchisthunnayi. 4vaela ella kritam aa nagarikatha antamavutunnappude yea nadulaku neetinichhe varsharutuvu debbatinadam modaliendi. dakshinha aafghanisthaan‌loni helmond ledha harakshavati nadi ayivundavacchani kudaa bhavistunaaru. vaidika jaati tarwata Punjab‌ku cherinappudu haraakshanadiki vaadina samskrutha padaanne ghaggar-hakra nadhiki kudaa vaadaarani anchanaavestunnaaru. rugvedapu sarasvathi nadi annadhi remdu vaervaeru nadulanu suuchistoomdanii, ooka gramtham helmond nadinee, mareee edvala aati 10va mandalam ghaggar-hakrani suuchistuumdavachannaara. kondaru rugvedaanni marinta pracheenamainadiga cheptoo, sindhunadee nagarikatanu "sarasvathi samskruthi", "sarasvathi nagarikatha", "simdhu-sarasvathi nagarikatha", "indus-sarasvathi nagarikatha"gaaa perlu maarustuundadamtoe, 21va shataabdilo ghaggar-hakra nadhii vyavasthatho gurtimchadam kothha praadhaanyata santarinchukundi simdhu-sarasvathi naagarikatagaa yea nagarikataku peruu maarustunna parisodhakulu, simdhu loeya nagarikatha, vaidika samskrutee okatenantu arya dandayatra siddhaantam ledha aryula valasa siddhaamtaanni tiraskaristunnaru.. praamukhyata hindutvamlo sarasvathi nadhiki poojaarhata, praamukhyata Pali. vaidika samskrutam, rigveda tolibhagam, palu upanishattulu vento mukhyamaina vaidika sahityam vantivaatiki janmasthaanamaina brahmaavartam aney vaidika prantham sarasvathi nadi, dani upanadhi drushadvatila odduna undaedani cheptaru. manusmrutilo, swachchamaina vaidika samskrithiki brahmaavartam kendram ani perkonivundi. da raiz af civilisation in india und pakistan annana grandhamlo bridget, raymond alchin - "rugveda kaalam nadu bhartiya, pakistan‌lalo mottamodati aryabhumi Punjab‌loo sarasvathi, drishadvati nadula loyallo undedanna" Bodh velladincharu. 2015loo vedanadi bhautika uniki rujuayyaka, muslim, kraistava dandayaatralaku mundhu hinduism bhaaratadaesam swarnayugam anubhavinchindanna rastriya swayamsevak sangh vaari bhavananu balaparustondantu reuters nivedika perkondi. yea nepathyamlo bhartia janathaa parti netrutvamloni prabhuthvam puraavastu shaasthravetthalanu puraathana sarasvathi nadi aanavaallanu anveshinchamani aadaesimchimdi. rigveda rugvedapu naalugava bhagamlo tappa migta anni bhagallonu sarasvathi nadhii prasthavana, prasamsa kanipistaayi. sarasvathi nadhiki sambamdhinchina athi mukhyamaina slokaalu rigveda 6.61, rigveda 7.95, rigveda 7.96 lalo unnayi. rugvedamu loo sarasvathi nadi pramukhamuga cheppabadindi. motham aravai paryayalu (udaharanaku: 2.41.16; 6.61.8-13; 1.3.12.) yea sarasvathi nadi prastaavanaku osthundi. yea nadi edu punhya nadhulaloo okati. basha paranga sarasvathi anagaa anek paayalatho pravahinchu nadi ani ardhamu. prasthuthamu chaalaamandi panditulu, gaghgar-hakra nade sarasvathi nadigaano, ledha kanisam oa payagano oppukuntaru, conei yea peruu aafghanistaanu nundi panjaabuku vellinada ledha panjaabunundi aafghanistaanuku vellinada aney vishayamupai bhinnabhiprayalunna. अम्बितमे नदीतमे देवितमे सरस्वती अपरास्तस्य इव स्मासि प्रशस्तिम् अम्ब नास्कृतिम् ambitame nadeetame devitame sarasvathi aparaastasya iva smasi prasastim amba naskritim rugvedamulo sarasvathi nadini annintikante utthamamaina nadhigaa keertinchaaru. dheenini yedava nadhigaa, varadhalaku talligaa, goppa talligaa, utthama deevatagaa, utthama nadhigaa keertinchaaru. (rugvedamu 2.41.16-18;, 6.61.13; 7.95.2) (rugvedamu: 7.36.6. sarasvathi saptah sindhum", 2.41.16 loo aambitame nadeetame devitame sarasvathi" ॥ dheenini batti sarasvateenadi praamukhyata ardhamu avuthundi. rugvedamu 7.95.1-2 loo sarasvathi nadini samudramuvaipu prayaanamu chese nadhigaa keertinchaaru. deevatagaa sarasvathi rugveda shlokaalalo sarasvathi peruu yabai sarlu prastavinchabadindi. yea peruu rugvedapu chivari bhaagaallooni padamuudu shlokaalalo (1, 10) prastavinchabadindi. yea prastaavanallo rendinti vishayamlo Bara saraswatini nadhigaa suuchistuunnaayi. hindus saraswatini ooka deevatagaa sarasvathi nadhiki neerugaa sambandam lekundane praarthistaaru. divya jalaalanu rakshinche nadhii devatha ani sarasvathi aavirbhaavam girinchi rugvedamloni ooka shlokamlo prasthavana Pali. rugvedamloni 10.135.5 shlokamlo indrudu somarasam taagaadani cheptoo, atanaki sarasvathi alasata pogotti, tirigi sakta prasaadinchindani Pali. 10.17 mantraallo saraswatini puurvula devathe kaaka pratuta tharaaniki kudaa devatha ani prasthavincharu. 1.13, 1.89, 10.85, 10.66, 10.141llo amenu nadula sarasana kaaka, itara devidevatala sarasana chercharu. 10.65 mantrabhaagamlo amenu pavithra bhaavanalu () daathruthvam () vento gunaala choose aavahana chesar. vaidika granthallo modhata saraswatini nadhii deevatagaa bhavinchina, puraanaala aati hinduism mathamloo amenu nadhii deevatagaa athantha aruduga sambhaavinchaaru. ndhuku badhuluga aama gnaanaanni, vidyanee, maedhassunu, sangeethaanni, kalalanu prasaadhinche devatha ayindhi. nadhii deevatagaa praarambhamiena sarasvathi ghnaanaaniki adhidevatagaa maaradam braahmanaala thoo prarambhamaindi. yea braahmanaalu amenu vaakkuku adhidevatagaa vaagdevigaa perkonnaayi, nadhii teeramloni vaidika jaati abhivruddhiki vaakku pradhaanamiena kaaranam kaavadamthoo nadeedeevatanu vaakkuku adhidevata chesaarani kudaa bhavistunaaru. aithe iddharu swatantramaina deevathalu oche paerutoe praarambhamie tarvati vedaala natiki oche deevatagaa roopaantaram chendivundanuu undochu. maroovaipu aurobindo "vedaala sanketatmakata sarasvathi divi roopam gurinchina spashtatha vishayamlo tananu taanee mosaginchukuntundi.. aama nirmalamgaa, spashtangaa prapanchapu devatha, divyatvam sphuurtitoe vacchina devatha..." ani pratipaadistaadu. vedha grandhaalu tadupari mahabharatham mahabharatham prakaaram, sarasvathi nadi edaarilo vinaasana ledha aadarsana aney pradeesamloo endipoyindi. edaarilo adrusyamaina taruvaata, konni pradeesaalloo tirigi kanipistundhi. chivariki samudramloo "anischitamgaa" cherutundi. sarasvathi nadi endipoyina pradeesam dhaar adaari. yea pradeeshaanni kurupradesh leka kuru raajyam antaruu, sarasvathi nadhiki dakshinhaana, drushadvatiki uttaraana nelakonivundedi. Rajasthan, haryanalloni endipoyina varshaadhaarita nadi ghaggar mahabharathamlo abhivarninchina bhaugoollika sthitigatullone Pali. mahabharathamlo Dwarka nunchi mathura varku balarama sarasvathi nadi oddune teerthayaathrikunigaa prayaaninchinattu Pali. pratuta Rajasthan praantamlooni mahajanapadallo (prachina saamrajyaalu) konnitini sarasvathi nadi paerumeedugaa vyavaharinchaaru. puraanhaalu palu puraanhaalu sarasvathi nadini varninchaayi, yea nadi sarassulu (saras) gaaa vibhajimpabadindanii spashtangaa namoodhu chesar. skanda puranam prakaaram sarasvathi braham neeti kunda nundi udbhavinchi, himalayalapainunna pippala vruksham medha nunchi pravahistundi. idi kedaaram oddha paschimadisaku tirigi, antarvaahinigaa bhoogarbhamlo pravahistundi. induloonae sarasvathi nadi iidu shaakhalanu paerkonnaaru. yea paatyam saraswatini braham bhaarya brahmiga chitrikarinchindi. vaamana puranam prakaaram (32.1-4), sarasvathi nadi pippala vruksham nunchi pergindhi. smrutulu manu smruthi prakaaram, varadhala nundi tappinchukunna sadhuvu manuvu sarasvathi, drushadvati nadula Madhya vedha samskruthini stapinchadu. yea sarasvathi nadi brahmavartaaniki paschima sarihaddugaa undani, "sarasvathi, drushadvati Madhya unna bhuumii devuni srusti ayina brahmaavartam." aney manusmrutilo paerkonnaaru. vasishtuni dharm suutraallooni I.8-9, 12-13 slokaalu aaryaavartaanni sarasvathi nadi edaarilo adrusyamaina praantaaniki thuurpuna, kalakavaanaaku paschimaana, pariatra, vindhya parvataalaku uttaraana, himalayas dakshinhaana unattu prastaavistunnaayi. patajali mahabhashyam kudaa aaryaavartaanni vasishtuni dharm suutraallaanee varninchindhi. bouddhayaanaa dharmasutraalu aaryaavartam antey kalakavaanaaku paschimaana, sarasvathi nadi adrusyamaina adaari ayina aadarsanaki thuurpuna, himalayalaku dakshinhaana, vindhyaku uttaraana unna bhuumii ani prakatinchaaru. gurthimpu siddhaamtaalu bhautika nadulatho vaidika, puranic nadi ayina saraswatini gurthinchendhuku prayatnalu jarigaay. vedha sarasvathi nadi simdhu nadhiki thuurpuna pravahinchedani anekamandi bhavistunaaru. shaasthravetthalu, bhuuvijnaana shaasthravetthalu, parisodhakulu sarasvathi nadini prastutamunna ledha gatamlo pravahinchina nadhulaloo gurtincharu. saraswatini gurtinche prayatnamlo remdu siddhaamtaalu praacuryam pondaayi. anekamandi parisodhakulu yea roejuna ghaggar-hakra nadi sarasvathi nadi ayinava ayivundaali ledha adi sarasvathi nadi endipoyina praantamloonidi ayinava ayivundaalani bhavistunaaru . idi vayuvya bhaaratadaesamloonuu, pakistan‌lonoo pravahistondi. prassiddhi pondina siddhaantaallo rendodani prakaaram aafghanisthaan‌loni helmand nadi sarasvathi nadi ayivundochu, ledha prastutapu helmond loeyaloe prachina kaalamlo sarasvathi nadi pravahinchi inkipoyivundavachhu. Bundi sarasvathi nadini ooka kalpitha nadhigaa bhavistunaaru. ghaggar-hakra nadhii vyavasthagaa sarasvathi nadini gurthinchadaaniki 21va shataabdilo kothha praamukhyata labhichindi. intavarakuu rugveda kaalam cree.poo.1500gaaa gurtistuundagaa, rugveda kuurpu antakanna prachina kaalamlo jarigindani pratipaadistuu, sindhulooya nagarikatanu "sarasvathi samskruthi", "sarasvathi nagarikatha", "simdhu-sarasvathi nagarikatha" vento perlu petti, dhesheeya aaryulu aney kothha siddhaamtaanni pratipaadistunnaaru. yea siddhaantam prakaaram sindhulooya nagarikatha, vaidika samskrutee vaervaeru kaavu, rendoo oche nagarikataku chendinavi. yea siddhaantam aaryadandayaatra siddhaamtaanni, aryula valasa pratipaadananuu tiraskaristondi. nadi unikiki balamaina aadhaaram isroo amdimchina upgraha chaayaachitraala aadhaaramga sarasvathi nadi himalayallo putti Haryana, Rajasthan, Gujarat rastrala gunda pravahinchi kach sindhushakha (rann af khayh) oddha arabian samudramloo kalustundi. motham podavu sumaaru 1,600 kilometres. yea margamlo chaaala praantaalaloo oa.ene.z.sea. bhugarbha jalaala nilvalanu kanugondi. Rajasthan loni Jaisalmer adaari praanthamlo 13 chotla borubavulu thavvaga 35-40 meetarla loetuna neeti nilvalu labhinchayi. corbon dating dwara yea neee 4 vaela samvatsaraala naatidani gurtincharu. yea aadhaaraalato sarasvathi nadi pariivaahaka prantham Haryana, Rajasthan, Gujarat praantaalugaa parisodhakulu bhavistunaaru. samakaaleena rajakeeya-mathaparamaina ardham endipovadam, vedaala kaalanirnayam sarasvathi nadi endipovadam girinchi vaidika, puranic saahityamlooni vivaralu harppa nagarikataku, vaidika samskrithiki kaalanirnayam chesenduku ooka aadhaaramga upayogistunnaru. cree.poo.1500loo aaryulu bharatadesaaniki valasa vachaarani cheppe aryula valasa leka aaryadandayaatra siddhaamtaanni yea paatyam tiraskaristuu rigveda marinta prachina kaalam naatidani niroopinche aadhaaramga yea paatyaalanu kondaru grahinchaaru. charitrakaarudu, acharyudu mikhail danino sampradaayikamgaa caritrakarulu rigveda kuurchina kaalamgaa bhavistunna cree.poo.15va shataabdiki muudu vaela ella kritam asalau rigveda kuurchina kaalamani bhavistunaaru. rugvedaalloni prastaavanalu vasthavamaina vivaraalani angiikaristuunee sarasvathi nadi cree.poo.3va sahasraabdi tudikaalamlo inkipoyindani bhaavimchadam okadhanikokati pontana laenivani danino ettichuupaaru. danino prakaaram, Uttar bhaaratadaesamloe cree.poo.3va sahasraabdiloo vaidika prajalu jeevinchaarannadi kondaru bhartia puraatatvasaastravetta nirdhaarane tappa paaschaatya sastravettala dinni nirdhaarinchadam ledhu. cree.poo.2va sahasraabdi kaalamlo e aagantuka, chorabaatudaarula samskruthi bharathadesapu vaayuvyapraantamlo ledanee asthi avasheshaallo jeevajaalaparamgaa avichchinnata,, samskruthika avichchinnatalaku sarasvathi nadi ichey saakshyaanni cherchi chusthe idi spashtamavutundani danino perkonnaadu. idi bhaashaashaastram, puraakhagolasaastram, human vignaanasaastram, janyusaastram sahaa marikonni saakhopasaakhalloki adhyayanaanni korutundani danino gurtinchadu. germanyki chendina hinduism matha parisodhakuraalu anet wilke - chaarithraka nadi sarasvathi sthalaparamgaa gurtinchadagga puranic nadi aney, hinduism puraanhaalu koorchenaatike idi edaarilo inkipoyi chinnaga ayipoyindanii perkondi. vedaala tarwata aati yea paatyaalu tarachugaa nadi endipovadam girinchi prastaavistuunae, sarasvathi devini nadhitoo kaaka bhaashathoo anusandhaanistuuntaayi. mikhail vigel kudaa rugvedamlo sarasvathi appatike dani pradhaana neeti vanarunu kolpoi, cherukovalsina thudhi sarus (samudram) loo mugisipotundani prastaavinchaayani perkonnaadu. punaruddharana 1986 nundi sarasvathi punaruddaranhaku konni swachchanda samshthalu krushi modalupettaayi. haryaanaaloni sarasvathi nadi shodh samsthan chepattina kaaryakramaalu akkadi prabhutwaanni uttejaparichaayi. 2002 loo ene.di.Una. prabhuthvam adhikaaramloo unnappudu 40 adugula vedalpu, 12 adugula lotu, 50 kilometres podavunna sarasvathi mahaanadi roopanahar kaaluvanu tavvinchaaru. moolaalu nots adharalu Gupta, S.P. (ed.). 1995. The lost Saraswati and the Indus Civilization. Kusumanjali Prakashan, Jodhpur. Hock, Hans (1999) Through a Glass Darkly: Modern "Racial" Interpretations vs. Textual and General Prehistoric Evidence on Arya and Dasa/Dasyu in Vedic Indo-Aryan Society." in Aryan and Non-Aryan in South Asia, ed. Bronkhorst & Deshpande, Ann Arbor. Keith and Macdonell. 1912. Vedic Index of Names and Subjects. Kochhar, Rajesh, 'On the identity and chronology of the ic river ' in Archaeology and Language III; Artefacts, languages and texts, Routledge (1999), ISBN 0-415-10054-2. Lal, B.B. 2002. The Saraswati Flows on: the Continuity of Indian Culture. New Delhi: Aryan Books International Oldham, R.D. 1893. The Sarsawati and the Lost River of the Indian Desert. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. 1893. 49-76. Puri, VKM, and Verma, BC, Glaciological and Geological Source of Vedic Sarasvati in the Himalayas, New Delhi, Itihas Darpan, Vol. IV, No.2, 1998 Radhakrishna, B.P. and Merh, S.S. (editors) : Vedic Saraswati: Evolutionary History of a Lost River of Northwestern India (1999) Geological Society of India (Memoir 42), Bangalore. Review (on page 3) Review S. G. Talageri, The RigVeda - A Historical Analysis chapter 4 marinta Datia Frawley David: The Rig Veda and the History of India, 2001. (Aditya Prakashan), ISBN 81-7742-039-9 Gupta, S.P. (ed.). 1995. The lost Sarasvati and the Indus Civilization. Kusumanjali Prakashan, Jodhpur. Keith and Macdonell. 1912. Vedic Index of Names and Subjects. Oldham, R.D. 1893. The Sarsawati and the Lost River of the Indian Desert. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. 1893. 49-76. bayati linkulu Saraswati – the ancient river lost in the desert by A. V. Sankaran Articles on the Saraswati, Sarasvati-Sindhu civilization and Sarasvati River Recent Research on the Sarasvati River How old is the Rig Veda? The Saraswati: Where lies the mystery by Saswati Paik The rediscovery of the Sarasvati River The Sarasvati in the Rig Veda by D. Frawley More Vedic discoveries Is River Ghaggar, Saraswati? by Tripathi,Bock,Rajamani, Eir Sarasvati research and Education Trust Map bharatadesa nadulu sarasvathi nadi Haryana nadulu pavithramainadani nadulu rugveda nadulu prachina bhartia nadulu puranic nadulu simdhu loeya nagarikatha yea vaaram vyasalu

mahaanadi turupu bharathadesamlooni ooka peddanadi. bhartiya dveepakalpamulo pravahinchae podavaina nadhulaloo idi okati. mahaanadi madhyabhaaratadesamulo chhattis‌ghade rastramuloo amar‌khantak peethabhoomilo udbhavinchi thoorpunaku pravahinchi bangaalaakhaatamulo kalustundi. mahaanadi nadeevyavastha chhattis‌ghade, odisha mottamu, Jharkhand, mahaaraashtraloni konni bhaagaalaku neerandistunnadi. yea nadi podavu 860 kilometres. mahaanadi pariivaahaka prantham 141.600 cha.ki.mee. deeni upanadullo ib, mand, hash‌doo, zhong, shivonath, tale nadulu pradhaanamienavi. mahanadipai sambal‌puurku 15 ki.mee. dooramlo prapanchamloonee athi podavaina hirakud aanakattanu nirminchaaru. yea anicut dwara 1,55,635 hectarlaku saguniru andadame kaaka, 307.5 megawatla vidyudutpatti avutuundi. moolaalu bharatadesa nadulu chhattis‌gath nadulu Odisha nadulu

juulai 25, gregorian‌ calander‌ prakaramu samvatsaramulo 206va roeju (leepu samvatsaramulo 207va roeju ). samvatsaraamtamunaku enka 159 roojulu migilinavi. sanghatanalu 1804: haidarabadulo miir aalam taank nirmaanam praarambhamayyindi 1977: bhartiya raashtrapatigaa b.di.jatti padav viramanha. 1977: bhartiya raashtrapatigaa neelan sanjivareddy padavini sweekarinchadu. 1978: landon loo tholi test‌tube baby luis brown janminchindhi 1981: shree krishnadevaraya vishwavidyaalayamu sthapinchabadindhi. 1982: bhartiya raashtrapatigaa jnaani jail sidhu padavini sweekarinchadu. 1987: bhartiya raashtrapatigaa jnaani jail sidhu padav viramanha 1987: bhartiya raashtrapatigaa orr.venkataramanan padavini adhishtinchu. 1992: bhartiya raashtrapatigaa sankara dayal sarma padav baadhyatalu sweekarinchadu. 1997: bhartiya raashtrapatigaa kao.orr.narayanan padavini sweekarinchadu. 2002: bhartiya raashtrapatigaa e.p.j.abdoul kalam padav baadhyatalu sweekarinchadu. 2007: bhartiya raashtrapatigaa prathiba patil padavini sweekarinchindhi. 2009 : desamlo aardika viluva gananeeyamgaa pergindhi . jananaalu 1901: kalugodu aswattharaavu, svayamkrushitho telegu qannada bhashalalo praarveenyam sampaadinchaadu. (ma.1972) 1935: kaikaala satyanarayna, telegu sinii natudu. 1952: lokanatham nandikeswararao, nalaugu dasaabdaalugaa mimikree, ventrilocvism pradarsanalalo tanadaina gurtimpunu Tamluk cheskunnaru 1955: chellamalla suguna kumari, peddapalle loekasabha niyojakavargam nundi 12va loekasabha telugudesam parti sabhyuraliga potichesi, gelichi bhartiya paarlamentuloo pravaesinchindi 1978: looyes brown, tholi test tube baby . 1984: nara roehit,sinii natudu, nirmaataa maranalu 1909: ammembal‌ subbaaraavu paay, bharat‌loni prakyatha byaankullo okataina kenara byaankutoe paatu mangaluruloni kenara unnanatha paatasaala‌ sthaapakudu. (ja.1852) 2009: justices amareshwari, bhaaratadaesamuloe tholi mahilhaa nyaayamuurthi. (ja.1928). 2015: chalasani prasad, virasam vyavasthaapaka sabhyudu, haethuvaadhi (ja.1932). 2019: indiraganti srikanta sarma telegu kavi, rachayita, aakaasavaani kalakarudu. (ja.1944) 1971: gueram jashuva telegu kavi,rachayita(ja.1895) pandugalu, jaateeya dinaalu - bayati linkulu bbc: yea roejuna t.ene.emle: yea roeju charithraloo charithraloo yea roeju : juulai 25 chaarithraka sanghatanalu 366 roojulu - puttina roojulu - scope cyst. yea roejuna charithraloo emi jargindi. yea roejuna emi zarigindante. charithraloo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu. yea roju goppatanam. canadalo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu charitraloni roojulu juulai 24 - juulai 26 - juun 25 - agustuu 25 -- anni tedeelu juulai tedeelu

juulai 26, gregorian‌ calander‌ prakaramu samvatsaramulo 207va roeju (leepu samvatsaramulo 208va roeju ). samvatsaraamtamunaku enka 158 roojulu migilinavi. sanghatanalu 1956: gamal abdoul nasser, ejypt adhyakshudu suiz kaaluvanu jaateeyam Akola. 1997: v.yess. ramaadhevi Himachal Pradesh gavarnaruga neyaamakam. jananaalu 1915: pragada kotaiah, sangha sevakulu. 1927: gulab‌ray ramchand, bhartiya maajii cricket kridaakaarudu, bhartiya jattu tarafuna 33 test match‌lalo praatinidhyam vahinchaadu. (ma.2003) 1935: koneru rangarao, congrsu paarteeki chendina rajakeeyanaayakudu, aandhra Pradesh rashtra purapalana, pattanaabhivruddhisaakha majimantri. (ma.2010) 1981: abhirami, t.v.vyaakhyaata, dakshinha bhartiya sinii nati. maranalu 1930: annah sara kuggler, bhaaratadaesamloe 47 samvatsaraalapaatu vaidyasevalanu amdimchina mottamodati amarican vydya missiony. (ja.1856) 1975: gooparaju ramachandrarao, sanghasamskarta, haethuvaadhi, bhartia naastikavaada naeta. (ja.1902) 2011: korlapati sriramamurthy, vimarshakudu. utthama parisoodhakudu, aadarsa acharyudu. kavi. naatakakartha. (ja.1929) 2012: kondapalli seshagiri raao, Telangana raashtraaniki chendina chithrakaarudu. (ja.1924) 2020: garlapati raghupatireddy, thelangaanaa vimukthi poratayodhudu. 2021: jainti, dakshinha bhartiya cinma nati. (ja. 1945) pandugalu , jaateeya dinaalu Kargil vijaya dinotsavam bayati linkulu bbc: yea roejuna t.ene.emle: yea roeju charithraloo charithraloo yea roeju : juulai 26 chaarithraka sanghatanalu 366 roojulu - puttina roojulu - scope cyst. yea roejuna charithraloo emi jargindi. yea roejuna emi zarigindante. charithraloo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu. yea roju goppatanam. canadalo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu juulai 25 - juulai 27 - juun 26 - agustuu 26 -- anni tedeelu juulai tedeelu

juulai 27, gregorian‌ calander‌ prakaramu samvatsaramulo 208va roeju (leepu samvatsaramulo 209va roeju ). samvatsaraamtamunaku enka 157 roojulu migilinavi. sanghatanalu 1929: jeniva kanven‌shan yuddha khaidilaku sambamdhinchina vidhividhaanaalanu 53 deshalu kalisi roopondinchaayi. 1957: antarjaateeya anusakti samshtha erpataindi. jananaalu 1911: sangam lakshmibai, swatantrya samarayodhuraalu, bhartiya lok sabha sabhyuralu. (ma.1979) 1917: dukkipati madhusudhanaraavu , unpurna pikchars baner loo vijayavantam chitraala nirmaataa(ma.2006) 1935: veludanda rameshwararao, ayurveda, homiyopati vydya vidhaanaalaloo eeyanadi ande vaesina cheyyi. eeyana chaaala rachanalu chesar. vatilo konni mudritam, konni amudritam 1948: em. v. yess. haranatha raao, nataka rachayita, sinii matala rachayita, natudu. (ma.2017) 1954: raj, telegu cinma sangeeta dharshakudu (ma. 2023) 1955: alan boarder, austrelia maajii cricket capten. 1960: saiee kumar, telegu cinma natudu, dabbing kalakarudu. 1963: kao. yess. chitra, maalaayaalaam, tamilam, telegu, qannada, orea, hiindi, assamy, bengali bhashala sini neepadhya gaayani. 1965: regina , telegu, sineenati, 1979: vamshee paidipalli , telegu chalana chitra dharshakudu 1953: kaththi padmarao, rachayita, sangha samskartha 1990: krithi sanon , modal, telegu, hiindi, nati. maranalu 1936: ayyala somayagilu ganapatisastri, pandithudu, jyotishyudu, aadhyaatmikavetta. (ja.1878) 1970: p.e.thanu pillay, bhartiya swatantrya samarayodudu. (ja.1885). 1992: anjad khan, bhartia natudu,dharshakudu (ja.1940) 2003: aavula sambasivarao, nyaayavaadi, AndhraPradesh highcourtu pradhaana nyaayamuurthi, rashtra mottamodati lokayukta, haethuvaadhi, aandhra vishwavidyaalayam wise chansalar. (ja.1917) 2015: e.p.j.abdoul kalam, antariksha shaastraveettha, bhartiya maajii rastrapathi (ja.1931). pandugalu , jaateeya dinaalu jaateeya refresh ment dinotsavam (juulai 4 va guruvaaram ) - bayati linkulu bbc: yea roejuna t.ene.emle: yea roeju charithraloo charithraloo yea roeju : juulai 27 chaarithraka sanghatanalu 366 roojulu - puttina roojulu - scope cyst. yea roejuna charithraloo emi jargindi. yea roejuna emi zarigindante. charithraloo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu. yea roju goppatanam. canadalo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu charitraloni roojulu juulai 26 - juulai 28 - juun 27 - agustuu 27 -- anni tedeelu juulai tedeelu

juulai 28, gregorian‌ calander‌ prakaramu samvatsaramulo 209va roeju (leepu samvatsaramulo 210va roeju ). samvatsaraamtamunaku enka 156 roojulu migilinavi. sanghatanalu 1979: bharatadesa 6va pradhanamantrigaa caran sidhu pramaanasweekaaram chesudu. 2007: illa sthalaala choose vaamapakshaalu chosen vudyamamloo bhaagamgaa jargina aandhrapradeshwaapyaat bandulo Khammam jalla mudigondalo pooliisu kaalpulu jarigi eduguru maranhicharu. yea sangatana desavyaaptamgaa samchalanam kaliginchindi. jananaalu 1909: kaasu brahmanandareddy, aandhra Pradesh maajii mukyamanthri. (ma.1994) 1956: divi srinivasaa deekhsitulu, rangastala natudu, adhyapakudu. 1962: krishnavamshee, telegu cinma dharshakudu. 1972: aayesha zulka , hiindi, orea, telegu, qannada ,nati . 1983: dhanushs , tamila, telegu, natudu, rachayita, neepadhya gayakudu.tamilasupar starr rajnikanth alludu maranalu 1972: chaaru mazundar, naxalbury udyama naeta. (ja.1918) 1976: tarimela naagireddi, communistu nayakan. (ja.1917) 1976: srinivasaa chakraverthy, abyudaya rachayita, nataka vimarshakudu, nataka vidhyalaya pradhaanachaaryudu, pathrikaa rachayita, vyaasakarta, anuvaadhakudu. (ja.1911) 2004: phrancis cricq, d.ene.e swaruupaanni kanugonna sahasaastravetta. (ja.1916). 2009: leila nayudu, natiimani, prapancha sundari. (ja.1940) 2016: mahaa swetadevi, navalaa rachayita, saamaajika karyakartha. (ja.1926) 2019: sudini jaipal reddy rajakeeya nayakan, paarlamentu sabhyudu, maajii kendra manthri. (ja.1942 2020: raavi kondalarao, sinii natudu,rachayita , nirmaataa,dharshakudu (ja.1932) pandugalu , jaateeya dinaalu prapancha kaalaeya vyaadhi(hepatitis) dinotsavam prapancha prakruthi parirakshanha dinum sistom administrator prasamsa dinum . (juulai chivari sukravaaram .) bayati linkulu bbc: yea roejuna t.ene.emle: yea roeju charithraloo charithraloo yea roeju : juulai 28 chaarithraka sanghatanalu 366 roojulu - puttina roojulu - scope cyst. yea roejuna charithraloo emi jargindi. yea roejuna emi zarigindante. charithraloo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu. yea roju goppatanam. canadalo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu charitraloni roojulu juulai 27 - juulai 29 - juun 28 - agustuu 28 -- anni tedeelu juulai tedeelu 1979 2007 1909 jananaalu 1972 maranalu 2004 maranalu

juulai 29, gregorian‌ calander‌ prakaramu samvatsaramulo 210va roeju (leepu samvatsaramulo 211va roeju ). samvatsaraamtamunaku enka 155 roojulu migilinavi. sanghatanalu 1957: antarjaateeya anusakti samshtha erpataindi. 1976: varangallulo kaakateeya vishwavidyaalayamunu nelakolpaaru. 2015: mubai paelulla kesulo 257 mandhi mrutiki kaarakudaina iyakub memannu nagapuru jailuloo uri teesaaru. jananaalu 1883: mussolini, italyki chendina ooka rajakeeya nayakan. (ma.1945) 1904: j.orr‌.di.tata, paarisraamikavetta, tholi vimana chodakudu (ma.1993) 1931: singireddy narayanareddy, geyarachayita, saahiteevetta, jnanpith puraskara graheeta. (ma.2017) 1975: krishnudu (natudu), telegu sinii natudu. 1975: lanka dsilva, srilankaku chendina cricket kridaakaarudu. 1980: raasi , balanatiga chithraranga pravesam , telegu,tamila nati 1984: dr srija saadhinaeni, telegu chalanachitra, television mariyu thiatre nati, yaakting  professor, rachaitri, darsakuraalu, dabbing artiste. pinna vayasukoenae performing aarts ki gaand vishwakarma vishwavidyaalayam nunchi doctorete degrey pondhaaru. thiatre aarts loo shree pottisriiraamulu telegu vishwavidyaalayam nunchi goald medal sadhincharu. 2003loo sreejaya aarts samshthanu sthaapinchi kalalapai aasakti unnavaariki sikshnha isthunnaru. 2012 nunchi shree fouundation dwara palu seva kaaryakramaalu chesthunnaaru. 1984: soina deepthi , telegu, tamila , chalanachitra nati. maranalu 1890: vincent wan gogh, datch chithrakaarudu. (ja.1853) 1891: eshwarachandra vidyaasaagar‌, bengali kavi, vidyaavetta, tattvavetta, paarishraamika veettha, rachayita, anuvaadhakudu, samaja seevakudu. (ja.1820) 1931: bidaram krishnappa, talabrahma, gaana visaarada. (ja.1866) 1996: arunhaa asaph ali, bhartiya svatantryodyama nayakuralu. (ja.1909) 2012: vempati chinasatyam, kuchipudi natyacharyudu (ja.1929) 2019: kao.b.lekshmi telegu rachaitri, paatrikeyuraalu. (ja.1953) 2019: mukhesh gauud, haidarabaduku chendina congresses nayakan. majimantri (ja.1959) pandugalu , jaateeya dinaalu antarjaateeya pulula dinotsavam (2010) oral rehydration solution dee. bayati linkulu bbc: yea roejuna t.ene.emle: yea roeju charithraloo charithraloo yea roeju : juulai 29 chaarithraka sanghatanalu 366 roojulu - puttina roojulu - scope cyst. yea roejuna charithraloo emi jargindi. yea roejuna emi zarigindante. charithraloo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu. yea roju goppatanam. canadalo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu charitraloni roojulu juulai 28 - juulai 30 - juun 29 - agustuu 29 -- anni tedeelu juulai tedeelu

juulai 30, gregorian‌ calander‌ prakaramu samvatsaramulo 211va roeju (leepu samvatsaramulo 212va roeju ). samvatsaraamtamunaku enka 154 roojulu migilinavi. sanghatanalu 762: bagdad Kota sthapinchabadindhi. 1991: chaarithraka start oppandhampai America, rashyaa adhyakshulu georgi bush, mikhail gorbhachev‌lu santakaalu chesar. 2013: pratyeka Telangana raashtram yerpatuku congresses varking kamiti aamodam telipindi. jananaalu 1854: vadaadi subbarayudu, tholi telegu naatakakartha. (ma.1938) 1896: panditha gopdev, samskruthamuloo mahaapandithudu, aryasamaja sthaapakudu, vaidikatharma pracharakudu, daarsanikavetta, kalaprapurna birudaankitudu. (ma.1996) 1922: ravisastri, nyaayavaadi, rachayita. (ma.1993) 1931: pulikanti krishnareddy, kadhakudu, kavi, rangastala kalakarudu, burrakadha gayakudu. (ma.2007) 1939: gooparaju samaram, vaidyanipunudu, sangha seevakudu, rachayita. 1945: devdas kanakala, natudu, dharshakudu, nata sikshakudu. (ma.2019) 1963: mandakini, biollywood nati. 1973: shanu sud , telegu,tamila, hiindi, prathi nayakan , paropakari. 1973: shanu nigam , bhartia natudu, gayakudu , vyaakhyaata . maranalu 2007: ingmar bergman, swediish dharshakudu. (ja.1918) pandugalu , jaateeya dinaalu - bayati linkulu bbc: yea roejuna t.ene.emle: yea roeju charithraloo charithraloo yea roeju : juulai 30 chaarithraka sanghatanalu 366 roojulu - puttina roojulu - scope cyst. yea roejuna charithraloo emi jargindi. yea roejuna emi zarigindante. charithraloo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu. yea roju goppatanam. canadalo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu charitraloni roojulu juulai 29 - juulai 31 - juun 30 - agustuu 30 -- anni tedeelu juulai tedeelu

juulai 31, gregorian‌ calander‌ prakaramu samvatsaramulo 212va roeju (leepu samvatsaramulo 213va roeju ). samvatsaraamtamunaku enka 153 roojulu migilinavi. sanghatanalu 1498: columbus trinidad deeviki cherukunnaadu. 1777: markvis dee lafayette amarican continental sainyaaniki mazer genaral ayadu. 1790: mottamodati amarican petentunu vermont loni samuel hopkins ki earuvulu tayaaruchaeyataaniki icchaaru. 1948: kalakathaa rashtra ravaanhaa vyvasta erpaatu - desamlo modati ravaanhaa vyvasta /corporate. 1954: avarestu parvatam taruvaata ettaina gadwin-austen (kao2 antaruu- prapanchamloo rendava ettaina parvatam) ni modhatisaarigaa, aarditato diseo naayakatvamlooni, italii brundam ekkindi. 1964: America rodasee nouka ranjar 7 chandrudi uparitalam photolu theesi bhoomiki pampindhi. 2007: paathrikeeyudu palagummi saayinaathku pratishtaatmakamaina raman magsaysay awardee labhinchindi. jananaalu 1880: prame‌chandh, bharathadesapu hiindi,, urdoo kavi. (ma.1936) 1912: milton freed‌man, americaaku chendina aardhikavetta, nobel bahumati graheeta (ma.2006). 1939: nandoori paarthasaarathi, ramababu dairee, saahityahimsaavalokanam grandhaala rachayita, paathrikeeyulu. 1941: amar‌simh chaudhary, Gujarat maajii mukyamanthri (ma.2004). 1951: sharath badu, telegu cinma natudu (ma. 2023) 1965: j.kao. rouling, inglishu rachayita. 1992: kaira adwani , bhartia sinii natii. maranalu 1805: dheeran chinnammalai, bhartiya swatantrya samarayodudu, tamila udyamakarudu. (ja. 1756) 1875: aandruu johnson, 17va amerika adhyakshudu. (ja.1808) 1980: mohhamed rafee, hiindi, urdoo, maraatii, telegu bhashala cinma nepathyagaayakudu. (ja.1924) 1902: putnam subramaniya ayyaru, shaastreeya sangeetagnudu (ja.1845) 2004: aallu ramalingaiah, haasya natudu (ja.1922) 2014: mukkuraju, daawns mastar, fighter, natudu (ja.1931) pandugalu , jaateeya dinaalu - bayati linkulu bbc: yea roejuna t.ene.emle: yea roeju charithraloo charithraloo yea roeju : juulai 31 chaarithraka sanghatanalu 366 roojulu - puttina roojulu - scope cyst. yea roejuna charithraloo emi jargindi. yea roejuna emi zarigindante. charithraloo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu. yea roju goppatanam. canadalo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu charitraloni roojulu juulai 30 - agustuu 1 - juun 30 - agustuu 31 -- anni tedeelu juulai tedeelu

tamilamu : kottavarai. kannadamu : govarthana. hiindi : gawar‌, gorani; samskrutamu : govarthana, drudabeeja urdoo : mataki goruchikkudu bhaaratadaesamuna chaaala chotla saagu cheyabadu deshee kuuragaaya. bhautika vivaramulu idi chikkudu jaatiki chendinadi. sumaaru remdu meetarla ettuvaraku perugunu. konni anukula paristhithula yandu idi muudu meetarla ettuvaraku perugunu. goruchikkudu saamanyamugaa vittina aaru edu varamula lopuna pooyanaarambhinchunu. saagu chaeyu padhathi dheenini anni neelalayanduu, anni kaalamulanduu saagu cheyavachu. dheenini ontiga conei, anthara pantaga conei, misrama pantaga conei saagu cheyavachu. baagugaa dunni saagu chaeyavalenu. deeniki earuvu antagaa avasaramuledu, endhukante idi suukshma jeevula sahayamuto naelaloeni natrajani sweekarinchunu. idi neetipaaru dalatho gaani varshadhara pantaga gaani pandincha vachunu. deeniki cheeda peedala samasya chaala takuva. andu chetha goruchikkudu saagu chaala sulabamu. purtiga goru chikkudunu saagu cheyadamu inta varku chaala takuva. saamanyamgaa itara pantalalo anthara pantagaane saagu chesthuntaru. intakaalamu goru chikkudu kevalam ooka common kuuragaaya lagane pandinche varu. ippudippude goruchikkudu paarisramikangaa upayogamloni vacchindi. daamtoe goru chikkuduku prapancha vvaaptamgaa manchi giraaki erpadinadi. pratthi, pogaaku modhalagu vaanijya pantalatho nashtaala oobilo chikkukuntunna raithulu parvavasaanamgaa goru chikkudunu vaanijya pantaga pandincha naarambistunnaaru. vantakamulu saamanyamugaa goru chikkudu kaayalanu pulusa, bellamupetti vandedaru. enka kobbari cherchi iguru ledha vepuda chaeyuduru. idi manchi balavardhakamaina aahaaramu. goru chikkudu kaayalanu saambaaruloonu, itara kuuralaloonu vagutharu. deenitho pachchadi kudaa cheyya ochhu. kanni ekkuvaga vepudugaa goru chikkudu kaayalanu telugunata ekuva upayogamulo Pali. puttuka idi chaala taraala kritame african nundi vachinadani nipunula anchana. idi puttina desamlo kanna bharat loo deeni utpatthi ekuva. prapanchamloo utpatthi ayee danilo bharat dhi 80% vaata Pali. tarwata sthaanamloo paakisthaan, America unnayi. Rajasthan, vento praantaalaloo dheenini pasuvulaku, ontelaku aahaaramgaa wade varu. paarishraamika upayogamu inta varku goruchikkudu chaala saamaanyamaina kooragayaga jana baahulyamlo peruu padindhi . idi athantha ruchikaramaina kuuragaaya ani yavaru anaru. alaage idi paniki raani kuuragaaya ani kudaa yavaru anaru. deeniki ruchi vishayamlo pratyeka sthaanam emi ledhu. andu chetha idi athi saamaanyamaina kuuragaaya. deeni dara kudaa chaala thakkuvaga vuntundi. pandinchadamu kudaa sulabame. idi kevalamu kuuragaayagaane gaaka deeniki paarishraamika upayogamu kudaa Pali. goru chikkudu ginjalanu paarisramikangaa vupayogistuntaaru. goruchikkudu kaayalanu mudarabetti vatini yenda betti vaatinundi ginjalanu vary chestaaru. aa ginjala nundi pottunu vary chessi aa pappunu podi chestaaru. aa podilo neella kalipithe adi jiguruga maarutundi. aa jeguru padaartamu., dani guna ganale saadaaranamaina goruchikkudu kaayalanu amaantam prapancha vyaaptangaa peddha gurthimpu nicchindi. dheenini ais kreemlu, saft drinkulu, puddingulu, chacliti, plavered milk, jaam, zelly, cand pish, cand mate, nooduls, bisket ila anek ahara padaarthaalalo deeni vadathara. indhulo calories asalau vudavu. kanuka baruvu taggaalanukune varu deeni ekkuvaga vagutharu. dinni koddhiga teesukunna kadupu nindinattugaa vuntundi jeernha vvavasta suddhiki chaala pupayoga paduthundi. antegaaka charma soundharya saadhanaalalo deeni upayogamu ekkuvagaane Pali. vastra parisrama, mudrana, domala nivaaranalu, kaagitamu, vaatar paintlu, modhalagu vatilo yea goruchikkudu jeguru upayogamu chaala ekuva. ippudippudu ' shelh ' chamuru, gaas utpatthi chese bavulaku yea goru chikkudu jeguru athantha pradhaanamiena vastuvugaa avatharinchindhi. idi leka poote vaari pania nadavadu. variki idi athantha keelakamaina padaarthamu. americaaloo shale oily, shale gaas veliki theeta pai drhushti pettadamtho manadesamlo goru chikkudu jeguru daraku rekkalochayi. gatamlo yea jeguru ooka kvintaalu dara remdu ledha nalaugu vaela rupees Madhya vumdagaa 2011 va samvatsaramlo gokara kaya ginjala dara muppai iidu velu rupees palikindi. gokara kaya ginjala dara ola vunte dani jeguru dara laksha rupees pai mate. endhu kinta giraaki goru chikkudu jiguruku antarjaateeyamgaa eemadhyana goppa demanded erpadindi. mukhyamgaa America tana chamuru parisrama utpattula choose bharat loo thayaarayye gokarakaya/ goru chikkudu jeguru piene adaara padi Pali. goru chikkudu panta manadaggara viraga pandithe americaloni shale oily/gaas paarisraamikulaku pandage. ikda goruchikkudu panta dhigubadi taggithe americaloni chamuru kshetraala nirvahakula mokhaalalo netthuru chukka vundadu. adhee mana desamlo pandee gokarakaya ledha goru chikkudu mahatyam. inta kaalam athi saamaanyamaina kooragayaga migili poeyina goru chikkudu, daaniloni jeguru padaarthamlooni viluvalanu gurtinchadamto danki antarjaateeyamgaa manchi praacuryam kaligi enalaeni girakini techhipettindi. americaaloo shale gyasu, oily utpatthi inchumindu muppai saatam Pali. aa gaas/ledha oily bavulaku athantha keelakamaina padaartham mana goraka kaya ginjala jigure. manam yea jigurunu sarapara cheeyaka poote aa chamuru/oily baavulu mootha padinatle. anduchetane mana desamlo goru chikkudu utpatthi taggithe America oily/gaas utpatthi dharulaku chematalu padtaayi. shale oily/ gaas antey.....? saadharanamga sahaja vayu, chamuru bhuumii aduguna raati poralloe nikshiptammai vuntundi. mukhyamgaa isukarayi, sunnapu roy poralloe niksheepaaluntaayi. prasthutham prapancha vyaaptangaa chamuru, sahajavayuvu 90 saatam yea remdu takala raalla porala madhyanunna khalilanunde vastunnadi. isukaraati raenhuvula madhyanunna khaaliila loanu, sunnapu raati porala madhyanunna khaaliilaloo yea niksheepaaluntaayi. saampradaya vidhaanamlo eeraallanu mukkalu chessi looniki konni rasaayanaalanu pampistaru. appudu aa raallalooni oily, gyasi baavulloki osthundi. eeka shale gaas nu shale chamurunu veliki teeyadaaniki ooka pratyekamaina vidhaanamunnadi. bhuumii lopala vunna bankamatti, akada vunna adhika ushtogrataku, ottidi kaaranamgaa kalakramamlo adi gatti padi raalla laaga erpadatayi. yea raallanae 'shale ' antaruu. yea raalla poralaloo aa niksheepaalu untai. daanni bayataku tiiyaalantee aa rallanu pagalagottaali. ola pagulagottina raallamukkalamadhyaku vividha rasayanalu kalipina neetini adhika peedanamutho bhuumii loopaliki pampistaru. appudu rallaporala Madhya chikkukoni vunna chamuru, sahaja vayu verupadi baavilooniki cherutundi. yea prakriyanu pracking ani pilustharu. ila bhuumiloopaliki pampee padhaarthaanni proponent ani antaruu. shale baavulloki pampee proponents loo goruchikkudu jeguru vuntundi. aa jeguru lekunda shale gaas/chamuru bayataku teeyadamu asaadyam. manam yea goruchikkudu jigurunu sarapara cheeyaka pothe aa baavulanni mootha padinatle. andhuke manadesamlo goru chikkudu utpatthi taggite americaaku chematalu padataayi. shale gaas baavulu ekkedekkadunnaayi? prapancha vyaaptangaa chaala deeshalaloo shale gaas/chamuru nilvalunnatlu gurtincharu. prastutaaniki konni deshalu Bara shale chamuru/gaas nu veliki teestunnaayi. americaaloo naithe 2004lone shale gaas/chamuru bayataku teese karyakram modaliendi. prasthutham americaaloo 30 saatam sahaja vayu shale bavulanunde vastunnadi. bharat loo kudaa shale gaas/chamuru vento pratyaamnaalanu vetakaalsina avsaram Pali. bharat loo anek chotla shale vunna.... gaas/chamuru niksheepaalunna shale konni chotlamatrame unnatlu chamuru ranga nipunhulu anchana veasthunnaru. bharat avasaraalaku 176 mallan metrik tannula chamuru avasaramaite, 2011 - 12 loo 48 mallan metrik tannule utpatthi cheyagaligaaru. gaas 64 biliyan cubic meetarla avasaramaite 52 biliyan cubic meetarla utpatthi cheya galigaru. bhavishat loo shale praadhanyam marinta perigee avakaasamunnadi. dantobatu goru chikkudu utpatthi, giraaki peragadamu tappani sari. bharat loo goru chikkudu utpatthi.... bharat loo utpatthi avutuna goruchikkudu jigurulo 75 saatam varku Rajasthan raashtram nunde vastunnadi. yea rashtramlo goru chikkudu pai parisoedhana chese kendram kudaa Pali. gta edaadi varku goru chikkuduku saraina dharaleka, raithulaku avagaahana leka dalaarulu, vvaapaara vaettalu, parisramala yajamaanulu Bara labhapade varu. prasthutham paristiti maari poindhi. Uttar americaaloo shale gaas ' boom ' thoo goruchikkudu jiguruku okkasariga giraaki perigi poindhi. dharalu perigi poyay. oohinchani yea parinaamaaniki adhika motthamloo dabbulu raavadamtho Rajasthan raithulu ubbi tabbibbavutunnaaru. raithulu thama utpattulanu vvaapaarula vadaku tesukoni velli varini praadaeya pade paristiti poeyi ippudu vvaapaarule raitulu vadaku vachi mundugaane panta saaguku kontha dabbulu, goruchikkudu vithanalu ichi pantanu konukkuntunnaru. apati varku Puri gudesello bratukeedustunna common raithulu pakkaagruhaalu kattukoni adhunuta gruhopakaranalanu samakuurchukunnaaru. okaraitu 20 kvintaalla goruchikkudu ginjalni iidu lakshala roopaayalaku vikrayinchaadu. raithe raju annana naanudi Rajasthan raitulu vishayamlo nijamaindi. Rajasthan loo varshapaatam antanta Bara. goru chikkudu saaguku idi anukoolame. goruchikkudu pantaloonu, goruchikkudu jeguru egumatiloonu bharat agragamiga Pali. antarjaateeya paarishraamika avasaraallo enabhai saatam varku bharat nunde veltondi. ekkadi nundi etaa sumaaru lakshannara tannula goruchikkudu jeguru egumati avutunnadi. goruchikkudu ginjala ruupamloe egumati pai nishaedham unnandhuna jeguru roopamlone egumati cheyale. bharat nundi egumati avutuna aahaara padaarthaalalo basamati bhiyyam tarvati sthaanam goru chikkudude. aandhra Pradesh loo... goruchikkudu.... AndhraPradesh loni anni jillaaloonu goruchikkudu saagavutunnadi. gatedadi goruchikkudu kigiraki peragadamtho kooragayaga pandinchina goruchikkudune raithulu jeguru koraku pandinchi vikrayinchaaru. ippudu Rajasthan nundi vittanalanu techukoni vaanijya praatipadikana saagu chesenduku raithulu sannahalu chesukuntunaru. caruvu jillaga peruu pondina Anantapur jillaaloo prabhutva sahakaramtho goru chikkudu saagu chestundagaa.... ippudu Guntur, krishna, prakasm jillalloni raithulu saitam peddha ettuna goruchikkudu saagu cheyalana baavistunnaaru. aandhra Pradesh loni itara paarishraamika avsarala koraku nela nela sumaaru 200 tannula jigurunu Uttar bharat nundi dhigumathi chesukuntunnadi. andhulo 50 tannula varku muskito coils thayaarii lone vaadthunnaru. goru chikkuduku pedaga tegullu sokaka povadam, varshaabhaava paristhithulanu tattukoni nilabadagalagadamu, pettubadi takuva kavadamu, giraaki bagundatam modhalagu kaaranaala will mana raithulu goruchikkudu saaguku makkuva chuuputunnaaru. pratthi, mirapa vento pantalu raitulanu dhebba teestundatamto goru chikkudu saagu yea raithulaku aasaakiranamgaa kanipistunnadi. prastutaaniki americaaloo Bara shale gaas/chamuru veliki theeta karyakram jaruguthunnadhi . chainalo kudaa bhari nilvalunnattu anchana. marikonni deshalu shale gaas/chamuru veliki teeyadamu pai sannahalu chesthunnaaru. dinni dhrushtilo pettukoni aalosinchina aadhrapradesh raithulu thama bhavishattunu goruchikkudu saagu aadukuntundani kondantha aasha petukunadu. athi saadharanhamaina goru chikkudu panta rabovu kaalamlo pramukha vaanijya pantaga abhivruddhi chendagaladani nammu tunnadu. aadharamu: eenadu aadivaaramu: 2012 decemberu 2. [labhala 'chikku'dee] vittna goruchikkudu jiguruegumatullo recorduakanga roo.21, 287 kotla aadaayam. kagi roo.250 nunchi roo.300palukutunna vithanalu. eenadu - haidarabadu‌ttana goruchikkudu panta marosari recordu srushtinchindi. gatedadi bhaaratadaesam nunchi videshaalaku egumati ayina vyavasaayotpattullo yea panta nunchi teesina jigurude agrasthaanam. recordusthaayilo roo.21, 287 kotla viluvaina goruchikkudu jigurunu videshaalaku pampi bhartiya vyaapaarulu recordu srushtinchaaru. antakumundu edaadi (2011-12) thoo polisthe idi roo.4, 764 kootlu adhikam. antarjaateeya maarket‌loo bhartiya pantalaku unna demandulo vittna goruchikkudude pradhamasthaanam kaavadam visaesham. yea jiguruku bhaaree demandu yerpadatam will varasaga rendo edaadi deeni vyaapaaram athyunnatha sthaayiloo nilichimdi. goruchikkudu vittanala nunchi teese jigurunu palu deshaallo virivigaa vaadthunnaru. paaschaatya deshaallo bakeri aahaara padaarthaallo chikkadanam choose deeniki giraakie Pali. nijaniki gatedadi deeniki pedaga maarket‌ undadani tholutha anchana vessaru. conei 2012-13 aardika savatsaram mugisesariki vyavasaayotpattullo yea jeguru malli agrasthaanaanninilebe gamanarham. uttaraadi rastrala raithulaku idi kaasula Barasat kuripinche pantaga marindi. okko rashtramlo deenisaagu vistiirnham lekkalu eteta maaripotunnaayi. Punjab‌loo remdeella kritam kevalam 4 vaela hectarlallo vittna goruchikkudu panta vesevaaru. gatedadi idi kasta 50 vaela hectarlaku cry andarinee aascharyaparichindi. yea panta dara kudaa marketlo idhey rakamgaa bhaaree odidudukulaku lonavutondi. udaharanaku yea nela 11 nunchi 13 varakuu yea panta dara kvintaaku roo.6, 300 undaga aa taruvaata remdu rojulake ekamgaa roo.7 velaku cherindhi. gta epril‌, mee nelallo deeni dara okadasalo roo.13 velu dhaatindhi. antakumundu edaadito polisthe idi takkuvee kaavadam mro visaesham.ananthapuramlo egaresukellaaru..rashtramlo vittna goruchikkudunu gatedadi prayogaatmakangaa 2500 ekaraallo companylu, vyavasaayasaakha samyukthamgaa veyinchaayi. pantanu kanisam roo.5 velaku quinta choppuna kontamani mundhey companylu raitulatho tirigi konugolu (biback‌) paerutoe oppandam cheesukunnayi. deeni prakaaram raithulaku vithanalu saitam uchitamgaa ichchayi. conei chivariki paluvuru raithulu asalau oppandam prakaaram kampeneelaku ammaledu. maarket‌loo dara roo.9 vaela dhaaka raavadamtho neerugaa ammesukunnaru. deenikithodu Telangana, costa jillalaku chendina raithulu, vyaapaarulu Anantapur nunchi yea vittanalanu kilo roo.300 choppuna konnaru. ila vithanalu ammukunnavaariki manchi aadaayam vacchindi. prasthutham yea panta vithanalu maarket‌loo roo.250piene Pali. konni companylu roo.500 dhaaka vasulu chestunnayi. yea edaadi rashtramlo peddhayetthuna vittna goruchikkudu panta saaguku proothsaham ivvaalani, Anantapur jillaaloo 50 vaela ekaraala dhaaka penchadaaniki avaksam undani aa jalla yantrangam rashtra vyavasaayasaakhaku pratipaadana pampinatlu thaajaa Datia. conei rashtrasthayilo dheenipai intavarakuu spandana ledhu. goruchikkudu nijaniki kuuragaaya panta. rashtramlo kuuragaaya pantala paryavekshan vyavaharaalu udyaanasaakha paridhiloo Pali. conei yea saakha vittna goruchikkudu sagunu penchadaaniki yelanti caryalu tiisukoevadam ledhu. yea saakha nirlakshyamtho ananthapuramlo vyavasaayasaakha adhikaarule yea panta girinchi raithulaku cheputunnaaru. aadharamu: eenadu 17 Jun 2013 10:00, kuuragayalu yea vaaram vyasalu

beerakaya , Ridge Guard samskrutamu koshataki; hiindi tory mokka girinchi gummadi kutumbamunaku chendinadi. beerateega gummadi kutumbamu loni jaatulalo vistaranamuna madhyamamu. nuliteegalu 2 - 5 shaakhalu kaligi yumdunu. aakunu 5 - 7 konamulu leka spashtamagu tammelu galigi aayaarakamulalo madhyama parimaanamu kaligi conei peddaviga conei yumdunu. maga poovulu guttuluga bayaluderunu. imdu 5 tammelugala pushpakoshamunu, iidu pasimi rangugala rakshatapatramulu undunu. kinjalkamulu muudu. aadu puuvuna kudaa pushpakoshamunu, dalavalayamunu, magapuuvunanduvalene yumdunu. ivi uchchamulu, anagaa andaasayamupai amariyundunu. keelamu muudu agramulu kaligi kuruchaga undunu. muudu maanamaatrapu kinjalkamulu kudaa nundunu. beera poovulu sayankalamu 5 - 6 gantala Madhya vidachunu. kayalalo podavu 10 - 60 sem.mee undunu. laavu 2.5 - 3. 5 sem.mee undunu. piena sputamayina konamulu theri dorialu kaligi undunu. saamanyamugaa yea konamulu padi yumdunu. kaya yendina venuka pai charmamu peechukattutaye kaaka loena kudaa konni pakshula goollavale peechutho nallabadina aralu kaligi yandu pekku ginjale undunu. beeralo rkmulu gummadi kutumbamunaku chendinadi. beerateega gummadi kutumbamu loni jaatulalo vistaranamuna madhyamamu. nuliteegalu 2 - 5 shaakhalu kaligi yumdunu. aakunu 5 - 7 konamulu leka spashtamagu tammelu galigi aayaarakamulalo madhyama parimaanamu kaligi conei peddaviga conei yumdunu. maga poovulu guttuluga bayaluderunu. imdu 5 tammelugala pushpakoshamunu, iidu pasimi rangugala rakshatapatramulu undunu. kinjalkamulu muudu. aadu puuvuna kudaa pushpakoshamunu, dalavalayamunu, magapuuvunanduvalene yumdunu. ivi uchchamulu, anagaa andaasayamupai namariyundunu. keelamu muudu agramulu kaligi kuruchaga undunu. muudu maanamaatrapu kinjalkamulu kudaa nundunu. beera poovulu sayankalamu 5 - 6 gantala Madhya vidachunu. kayalalo podavu 10 - 60 sem.mee undunu. laavu 2.5 - 3. 5 sem.mee undunu. piena sputamayina konamulu theri dorialu kaligi unndunu. saamanyamugaa yea konamulu padi yumdunu. kaya yendina venuka pai charmamu peechukattutaye kaaka loena kudaa konni pakshula goollavale peechutho nallabadina aralu kaligi yandu pekku ginjale undunu. rkmulu pandhiri beera : deeninay peddha beera, podavu beera ani antaruu. ivi chaaala podavu perugunu, anagaa sumaarugaa 20-30 sem.mee perugunu, anukula paristhitulaloo avi 60 sem.mee varakuu perugunu. pandhiri ekkinchutavalla viinini pandhiri beeraa ani antaruu. potti beera : ivi 12-20 sem.mee varku perugunu. conei idi lavuga undunu. nethi beera : idi beera jaatilalo ooka pratyeka jaati, theega saamanyamugaa beera jatikanna motugaa perugunu. tarachu swatassiddhamugaa putti chetla medha praakuchundunu. aakulu gundramuga iidu tammelerpadiyundunu. poovulu peddavi. pasupu pachagaa undunu. maga poovulalo kinjalkamulu itara jaatulalovale undunu. nalaugu nundi iidu semmi. varku laavu Leh. nunupuga undunu. conei saamaanyapu beeralovalene padi konamula aanavaalluu maatramu kanapadunu.idi antha ruchikaramugaa undadhu, conei chudataniki maatramu bahu ramyamugaa umtumdi. nethi beeraloni nethi chandamugaa ani oa sametha Pali kada manaku. guttibira : yea beerakaayalu guttulu guttulugaa kaastaayi. vaidyaparamaina vupayogalu : beera paadhu aakulu metthagaa nuuri, rasam theesi kallalo vesthe kalla mantalu, conjectivitis taggutumdi. beerakaya suluvugaa jeernamavutundi. virechana kaari kudaa. amduvallanae pathyamgaa beerakaya chaalaamanchidi. beerakaya aruchini kudaa pogodutundi. letha beerapottu vepuda jvaram padi lechinna variki hitavugaa vuntundi. kaluva ginjalaku chaluva chese gunam Pali. vitini pacchivigaa conei, kuuragaa kanni chesakuni teeskovacchu. nelasari noppitho baadhapadevaaru pudina aakulanu neellaloo vaysi mariginchi, vadakatti, aa neetini sevinchadam will phalitham vuntundi. adae vidhamgaa pudina aakulu, uppu kalipi, neetiloki mariginchi, aa Buxar padithe gontu mruduvugaa maarutundi. usiri pachchadi, theeneloo nanapettina usiri nithyam paddathi prakaaram seviste, drushtilopam taggutumdi. usiri podini, nithyam parakadupuna thenetho kalipi sevinchadam manchidhi. deeni will vattidi, alasata taggutumdi. veysavilo endu drakshalu, ledha qiss‌missu‌lu vadudam manchidhi. viitiki chaluva chese gunam Pali. glasudu neellaloo endu drakshalu vaysi, nanapetti, aa neetini tiskunte, vadadebba nunchi rakshana labisthundhi. mukhyamgaa chinnapillalaku idi chaaala manchidhi. siitaaphalam vithanalu, aakulu metthagaa nuuri pattiste, paelu pothayi. aratipamdu, thenetho kalipi teesukante kshayavyaadhigrastulaka manchidhi. neredu aakulu neetiloki mariginchi, vadagatti, aa neetini pukkiliste notipuutalu taggutaayi. remdu, muudu rojula paatu remdu miriyala ginjale, melamellagaa namulutuu, aa rasam mingithe daggu taggutumdi. godhumalu, bhiyyam, pesalu, raagulu, soyaginjalu, jonnalu arakilo vanthuna kalipi, 50 grams nuvvuu, 20 grams jiilakarra jodinchi, dhoragaa vidividiga veyinchaali. aapai marapattinchi rotthelu cheskunte aaroegyaaniki chaaala manchidhi. yea pinditoo jaava kudaa chesukovachu. Neemuch chettu beradunu penampai bagaa kalchi, metthagaa podi cheyale. aa podiki koddhiga kobbari nune cherchi, kurupulapai rasthe upasamanam vuntundi. vepaaku rasam, danki samaana bhagamlo perugu jodinchi, kasta nimmarasam kalipi thalaku pattiste chundru taggutumdi. rkmulu pandhiri beera deeninay peddha beera, podavu beera ani antaruu. ivi chaaala podavu perugunu, anagaa sumaarugaa 20-30 sem.mee perugunu, anukula paristhitulaloo avi 60 sem.mee varakuu perugunu. pandhiri ekkinchutavalla viinini pandhiri beera ani antaruu. potti beera ivi 12-20 sem.mee varku perugunu. conei idi lavuga undunu. nethi beera idi beera jaatilalo ooka pratyeka jaati, theega saamanyamugaa beera jatikanna motugaa perugunu. tarachu swatassiddhamugaa putti chetla medha praakuchundunu. aakulu gundramuga iidu tammelerpadiyundunu. poovulu peddavi. pasupu pachagaa undunu. maga poovulalo kinjalkamulu itara jaatulalovale undunu. nalaugu nundi iidu semmi. varku laavu gaanuu, nunupuga undunu. conei saamaanyapu beeralovalene padi konamula aanavaalluu maatramu kanapadunu. idi antha ruchikaramugaa undadhu, conei chudataniki maatramu bahu andamugaa umtumdi. nethi beeraloni nethi chandamugaa ani oa sametha Pali kada manaku. guttibira saagu chaeyu vidhamu beerapaadulu varshaakaalamuna baagugaa perigi kaayunu. conei varshaakaalamuna hecchugaa varshalu vachinacho yea paadulu chedipovunu. tolakari modalakoni varshaakaalamu mugiyuvaraku yea paadulu pettuchundavachhunu. beerapaadulanni vidhamula neelaloonu sulabhamuga perugunu, conei yisuka podi nelalaloe thaginantha satthuva jesina conei peragavu visaeshamulu telegu deeshamuloo sara seesaalu beera kayalula undutavalla vatini beera kaya ani muddugaa rahasyamugaa piluchuta Pali. americaaloo, telegu vaariloo, beerakaya antey biru seesa (sara vary, biru vary) ani muddhu peruu. dosakayalalo laaga beera kayalalo kudaa konni beerakaayalu komchem chedugaa vuntaayi. anduakni kosemundu ooka chinna mukkanu notlo vaesukuni ruchi chuuchi vandukuntaaru. moolaalu kuuragayalu kukurbitesi

sorakaya ledha anapa kaya ledha anaga kaya. sorakaya - Lagenaria deerghakaalamgaa sataistunna N.O. kukurbitesi.. tamilamu sora: kannadamu sore: malayalamu chora hiindi all‌ khaddu, lowkey samskrutamu alabu. english baatil gaurd anaga vedakaalamunundi yea desamuna saagucheyabaduchunna jaati kuuragaaya!. bhautika swaroopamu sora kaya anukula paristhitulaloo mikkili viriveegaa praaku motujati maliteegalu renduga cheeliyundunu. poovulu beera poovulakante komchem peddavi. maga poovulayandu pushpakoshamu podavugaa undunu. aakarshaka patramulu krindivaraku vidiyundunu. thellupu, kinjalkamulu anniyu jr yumdunu. aadupuuvuna dalavalayamunu, pushpakoshamunu nidiviyaina yandaasayamupai namariyundunu. rkmulu kola gundrani thellupu nalupu saagu cheyupaddati ivi anni neelalayandu perugunu. manchiga dunnina taruvaata siddamu chosen neelaloo2.5 - 3.5 meetarla gothulu theesi vitini penchavalenu. aa gothulalo pasuvula eruvunu veyavalenu. visaeshamulu yendina sora kaayapai todugunu, sora kaya burra ani pilustharu, dheenilo neee posukoni polaalaku tesukoni vellu alvatu Pali. andhulo neee challagaa untai. dheenini manamu nachural‌ vaatar‌ baatil‌, nachural‌ minii cooler‌gaaa upayoeginchavachchu! gundrani sora burralanu veenalugaa kudaa chaeyuduru. vamtalu sorakaya vadiyalu sorakaya pulusa sorayaka tamato curry sorakaya saambaaru dheenilo pedaga pooshaka viluvalu leavu, mariyoo idi aalasyamugaa jeernamagunu. neee ekuva. aushadha gunaalu sorakaya ledha anapa kaya ledha anaga kaya. aanglamulo Bottle gourd - (Lagenaria vulgaris N.O. Cucurbitaceae) antaamu . anapa vedakaalamunundi yea desamuna saagucheyabaduchunna jaati kuuragaaya!. vitamins - sea, b.complecksh, sorakayalo labhistayi . sorakaya sareeraaniki challadanaanni estunde, suluvugaa jeernamavutundi .diouratic gaaa panijestundi . mutranaalaala jabbulaku idi manchidhi . pachisorakaya rasam daahaartini arikadutundi, alsatanu taggistundi . bhautika swaroopamu sora kaya anukula paristhitulaloo mikkili virivirigaa praaku motujati . maliteegalu renduga cheeliyundunu. poovulu beera poovulakante komchem peddavi. maga poovulayandu pushpakoshamu podavugaa undunu. aakarshaka patramulu krindivaraku vidiyundunu. thellupu, kinjalkamulu anniyu jr yumdunu. aadu puuvuna dalavalayamunu, pushpakoshamunu nidiviyaina yandaasayamupai amariyundunu. saagu cheyupaddhathi ivi anni neelalayandu perugunu. manchiga dunnina taruvaata siddamu chosen neelaloo2.5 - 3.5 meetarla gothulu theesi vitini penchavalenu. aa gothulalo pasuvula eruvunu veyavalenu. visaeshamulu yendina sora kaayapai todugunu, sora kaya burra ani pilustharu, dheenilo neee posukoni polaalaku tesukoni vellu alvatu Pali. andhulo neee challagaa untai. dheenini manamu nachural‌ vaatar‌ baatil‌, nachural‌ minii cooler‌gaaa upayoeginchavachchu! gundrani sora burralanu veenalugaa kudaa chaeyuduru. puttuka .. charithra : maanavajaatiki enado parichayam ayina athi prachina kuuragaaya sorakaya. idi puttindi aafrikaalo ani cheppinappatiki,,, kristupurvamu 11,000 - 13000 samvatsaraala Madhya peruuloo tolisari sorakaya saagu jarigindani puratatva shaasthravetthalu antunaru . poshakalu : 100 grams pachchi sorakayalo ... sakta : 12 kilo kaalareelu, proteins : 0.2 grams, carbohydrate : 2.5 grams, fots : 0.1 grams, vitamins‌ Una : puskalamugaa, vitamins‌ sea : pushkalamuga . khanijalavanalu : pushkalamuga, vandha grams sorakayalo kevalam padihenu kelorilu Bara untai. alaage Kullu padaarthaalu athi thakkuvaga undadam will madhumeham unnavaariki idi chaaala manchi aahaaram. vesavikaalamlo sorakayalo neeti saatam ekuva kabaadi dehydration avakunda sahaayapadutundi. sorakaya chekkutho peechupadaartham kudaa labhyamavutundhi. sorakaya chettu aakulanunchi teesina rasamlo cancer nu niyantrinchee kwersetin, antrakwinon lanty flavenoids labhistayi. vamtalu 1. sorakaya vadiyalu 2. sorakaya pulusa 3. sorayaka tamato curry 4. sorakaya saambaaru ivi kudaa chudandi itara linkulu FOREST FLORA OF ANDHRA PRADESH moolaalu kuuragayalu kukurbitesi

gummadi ledha tiyya gummadi deeni shaastreeya naamamu "cucurbita pepo ledha cucuebita mixta ", Pumpkin Cucurbita moschata, N.O. cucurbitaceae. tamilamu pooshini. sarkarapuushini; kannadamu kumbala: hiindi khaddu; samskrutamu peetakushmandah gummadi aamdhrulaku preetikaramaina shubhapradhamaina tarachu vaadabadu curry.idi prapanchamuloo anni deeshalaloo doruku tundi . gummadilo adbhuta aushadhaalunnaayi. gummadi kaayanu bhartiya sampradayaka vamtakaalaloo deeniki manchi sthaanamae Pali. indulooni padaarthaalu vividha roogaalanu nivaarimchae gunam kaligi undadam visaesham. malabaddakam modalukuni madhumeham varakuu chaaala vidhaala upayogapade gummadilo nijanga gammattainade. chainalo chakkera vyaadhi valana sankraminche samasyala parishkaaraaniki tayyaru chese mandulloe gummadini vaadthunnaru. bhautika roopamu poovuyokka, kayayokka parimaanamuna yea kutumbamu loni jaatulandu gummadi agrasthanamu vahinchunu, andhuke dheenini gummadi jaati antaruu. poushtika saktilokani, tinuta kimpugaa undutayandu kudaa idhey manchidhi. gummadi kaya rakarakaala vantagaa cheskoni tinavacchunu, zuice gaaa tayaaruchesukoni teesukovachhunu, suup laaw vaadukoevachchu .. gummaditeega chaaala ekkuvaga paaku motu jaati theega. kaandamu garusugaa undu romamulu kaligi undununu. aakulu hrudayaakaaramu kaliginavi. ... kooragaayalalo annitkante athi peddha parimaanamu kaliginadi gummadi kaya. idi yabai kilos baruvuvaraku kudaa kaastaayi. aushadha vupayogalu indhulo chaala ekkuvaga "biita carotene umtumdi, sareeraaniku takuva calories andistundi . kallaku, charmaaniki entho maelu chesthundu . indhulo vitamins sea kuuda samvruddigaa labisthundhi . diabaties raakunda undenduku, vacchina variki kuuda gummadi entho manchidhi . b.p.ni niyantristundhi, peechu padaardhamu ekkuvaga unnanduna collusteraalnu taggistundi, gummadi vittanalanu yendabetti podichaesi neellaloo kalipi tagite mootra sambhanda Morbi taggutaayi . aahaaram dwara sareeramloki chaerae kovvunu peegulu grahinchakundaa cheeyadam dwara kovvu nilvalanu gananeeyamgaa tagginchavachhu. ila dehamlo kovvu cherakundaa kapadukovalante gummadi ginjale tinadam manchidani aayurvedam chebuthoondhi. gummadi ginjallo umdae phytosteral nilvalu kovvu nilvalanu pooli untai. yea kaaranamgaa gummadi ginjalanu aahaaramgaa teeskunna vaariloo avi jeernamaina tarwata peegulu yea phytosteral nilvalanu kudaa grahistaayi. dheenivalla sareeramloki chaeraalsina kovvu saatam bagaa taggutumdi. ila gummaditho laabhaalato paatu vitamins-i, omega-3 kovvu aamlalu, megnicium, folate lanty sareeraaniki maelu chese poshakalu kudaa labhistayi. andhuke kovvu samasyatho baadhapadevaaru thama aaharamloo gummadi ginjale vundela chuchukunte manchidhi. veetilo megnicium mendugaa Pali. enka minerals‌ atyadhikamgaa pogupadda ginjale. anthekaadhu viitiki aaharamloo bhaagaswaamyam kalpiste mana jeevitakaalam marinta peruguthundata! gummadi prostate grandhula vaapunu tagginchadaaniki vydya paranga gummadi kaya saripottundi. gummadi vithanalu tinadam valana malabaddakam nivaarana aavutundi. aahaaram purtiga jeernamai malabaddhaka samasya teerutundi. tarachu gummadini tiisukoevadam valana gastric nunchi upasamanam labisthundhi. alaage chaathie noppi, oopiritittula cancerlu vachey avakasalu taggutaayani parisodhakulu chebutunnaru. gummadi tiisukoevadam valana chakkera vyaadhigrastulaku rakarakaala upayogaalunnaayi. raktamlooni glucoz‌nu bagaa taggistundi. paigaa ginjala nunchi teese nune vadudam valana adhika raktapotu adhupuloo umtumdi. aayurvedamulo gummadi : gummadikaya pandinadi:-Pumpkin-ripe baagugaa mudirina, pandina gummadi kaya vandina madhuramuga nundunu. ruchibuttinchunu. deeha pushti, balamu, veeryavruddhi, mehasanti, daahamu, taapamu, kadupubbu lanu tagginchunu. chedu raktamunu buttinchunu. alasyamuga jeernamagunu; vaatamu jeyunu; deeniki virugullu 1 sonthi, 2 kaaka aushadhamulu, 3 kanuga vary rasamu. aushadha sevalo pathyamaina vasthuvu. gummadi kaya letadi:- Pumpkin-tender. deeni curry mikkili vaatamu, rakta paityamu, agnimaandyamu jeyunu; durbala dehulu, rogulu dheenini puchukonagudadu; mikkili apathyamainadi. deeniki virugullu gummadi puvvulu :-Flowers of pumpkin plant. paityamunu, sannipaatamulanu harinchunu; viinini kooravanduduru. gummadikosala curry :-Curry of the tender leaves of pumpkin plant. tiyya gummadi teege kosalu anagaa letha akula curry aamla doshamu, vaatamu, gulmamu, jvaramu, ubbu, vidaahamu viini nanachunu; jatharadeepti nicchunu puttuka dakshinha americaloni athi prachina rudd eandian samadhullo labhinchina avasheeshaalanu batti vaela endla kritam nunchee gummadini manaollu aahaaramgaa vaadevaarani shaasthrajnulu nirnayinchaaru. bhaaratadaesamloe charithra puurva yugala nunchee gummadini pandinchadam Pali. ayinava gummadi jaati thottatholi janmasthalam mathram padivaela samvathsaralaku puurvamae ubhaya America khandaallo atyushna praantaallo aavirbhavinchindani vaari anchana. ayithe gummadi jaatullo konnintiki unna samskrutha perlu kudaa athi prachina kaalam naativani nirdharana ayindhi. ubhaya America khandala nunchi etuvanti naukaayaanaalu lenatti antha prachina kaalamlone yea mokka bhaaratadaesam dhaaka elaa vistarimchi umtumdanae daanipaina kudaa shaasthrajnulu vistrutamgaa churchincharu. chivariki yendina gummadipallu athi telikainavainanduna avi mahaasamudraala neetipai teelutuu, molakette saamarthyam kolponi vittanaalatoe sahaa ooka kandam nunchi mro khandaniki vistarimchi, akada anukula paristhitulloo molaketti undavacchunane nirdhaaranaku vachcharu. amerikanlu 'rudd pumpkin' ani pilichey manchi gummadi bhaaratadaesamloe pravaesinchi, 'lall kumra' ani piluvabadutunnadi. americaaloenae puttina kasho aney mro jaati gummadini bhartia maarketlalo 'african gord' anadaanni batti moolamlo americaaloo janminchina aa jaati akada nunchi mundhu african khandaniki vistarimchi, aa taruvaata bharatadesaaniki vistarimchi untundani shaasthrajnula Dumka. prasthutham african gord‌gaaa pilavabadutunnappatiki, yea jaati bharatadesaaniki athi prachina kaalamlone vachi cherindhi. vichithra viinha, tambura vento sangeeta vaadyalu tayaaruchesenduku athi peddavaina yea jaati gummadi pandu burralne atyam ta prachina kaalam nunchi bharatiyulu upayoginchevaaru. prayojanalu gummadi pandune kadhu; vaati letha aakulu, kandam, puulu kudaa kuuraku vadukuntaru. gummadi ginjalni tintaaru. halvaalu vento sweetlalo baadam, pista, chaara (saara) pappu laage yea ginjalaloni pappunu kudaa dressing‌gaaa vadathara. kondaraite gummadi panduthone halwa cheskuntaru. gummadilo potaassium, phosphorus, salpar, megnicium, calshium vento upayukta khanijale kaaka, vitamins Una (adhikamgaanuu), koddhiga vitamins sea (koddigaanuu) unnanduna adi aaharaparamgaa viluvainadani gurtincharu. gummadi panduku anno vaidyaparamaina prayojanaalunnaayi. kadupuloeni 'tape warms' nirmulana choose gummadi ginjalni panchadaaratho tinipistaaru. ratri padukoboye mundhu thinipinchi, tellavaarujaamune aamudam taagistaaru. ganeria, mootra vyadhulunna rogulaku muuthram saaphiigaa vedalenduku gummadi vittulu panchadaara leka thenetho tinipistaaru. segagaddalu, mondi vranaalaku gummadi pandu gujjunu malaam pattiigaa vestaaru. tellu, kaallajerrulu, mandragabbalu modalainavi kuttinappudu, gummadipandu todimanu yendabetti podi chessi, daanitho tayaaruchaesina pestunu rasthe takshana prayojanam umtumdi. kaalina gayalaku gummadi pandu gujjutho pattu vestaaru. gummadi vittulu moothrakaarigaane kaaka, neural balaheenatha unnavaariki tannic‌laaw panichestaayi. rkmulu suryah gummadi peddha gummadi budida gummadi moolaalu kuuragayalu tl:Kalabasa

Thanjavur, dakshinha bhaaratadaesam, TamilNadu raashtram, Thanjavur jalla loni ooka pattanham. yea pattanham kauvery nadi dakshinha odduna Pali. Chennai nundi 218 mylla dooramlo Pali. Thanjavur jillaku yea pattanham rajadhani. tanjaavuurunaku yea peruu tanjan‌-an‌ anu rakshasuni nundi vacchindi. yea rakshasudu shree anandavalli amma, shree neelamegapperumal‌ l chetha champabaddadu. aa rakshasuni chivari korikapie yea pattanhaaniki Thanjavur ani peruu pettabadindani nammutharu.yea Kota Thanjavur jillaku pradhaana kendram. kaavaerii deltalo unna ooka mukhyamaina vyavasaya kendram. dheenini TamilNadu bhiyyam butta ani pilustharu. Thanjavur 128.02 cha.ki.mee (49.43 cha.maillu) visteernamlo nagarapalaka samshtha dwara paripalana saagutundi. 2011 bhartiya janaba lekkalu prakaaram 2,90,720 janabhanu kaligi Pali. rahadari margalu pradhaana ravaanhaa saadhanaalu, Kota nundi railu dwara prayaanasoukaryam kudaa andubatulo kaligi Pali. nagaranaki 59.6 kimi (37.0 millu) dooramlo unna Tiruchchirappalli antarjaateeya vimaanaashrayam sameepa vimaanaashrayam. Thanjavur nundi 94 kimi (58 millu) dooramlo unna karaikal sameepa odarevu. charithra chaaritrakamugaa yea Kota okappudu chola raajulaku balamaina kendram. choolhula paalanaloe saamraajyam rajadhaanigaa panichesinappudu yea Kota modhata praamukhyatanu santarinchukundi.taruvaata nayaka raajulu taruvaata vijaya nagara raajulu yea nagaranni paalincharu. taruvaata maraataa raajulu kudaa yea nagaranni paalincharu. 1674 va samvatsaramulo maraataalu yea nagaranni venkaji naayakathvamulo aakraminchukunnaru. venkaji shivajee mahaa rajuku thamudu. 1749 va samvatsaramulo bhritishu varu modhata ikadiki vachcharu conei viphalam chendi taruvaata 1799 loo vision sadhincharu.idi 1947 nundi swatanter bhaaratadaesamloe bhaagamgaa Pali. sangam kaalam (usa.sha.poo. 3va sathabdam nundi naalgava sathabdam varku) tamila recordulalo tanjaavuuruku sambamdhinchina prastaavanalu leavu, ayithe kontamandi panditulu yea Kota apati nundi unikilo undani bhavistunaaru. covill venni, nagaranaki thuurpuna 15 mailla (24 kimi) dooramlo Pali, idi chola raju karikala, cheras, paandyula samakhya Madhya venni iddam jargina pradeesam. 1365, 1371 Madhya srirangampai dandayatra chosen samayamlo kampanna udayar tanjaavuurunu jayinchaadani nammutharu. 1443 aati devaraya saasanam, 1455 aati tirumal saasanam 1532- 1539 aati achyutadevuni bhuudaanaalu tanjaavuurupai Vizianagaram aadhipatyanni dhruvikaristunnayi. Arcot‌loni vijayanagar viceroi sevappa nayak (1532–80), 1532loo (1549, konni adharala prakaaram) swatanter chakravartigaa sthirapadi Thanjavur nayak raajyaanni stapinchadu. achyutappa nayak (1560–1614), raghunaadha nayak (1600–34), vijaya raghava nayak (1634–73) tanjaavuurunu paalinchina nayak rajavamsaaniki chendina mukhyamaina paalakulu. 1673loo Thanjavur madurai nayak raju chokkanatha nayak (1662–82) chetilo padadamtho rajavamsam paalana mugisindhi.1673. chokkanatha kumarudaina vijaya raghunaadha nayak ooka yuddamlo champabaddadu. chokkanatha sodharudu alagiri nayak (1673–75) samrajya palakudiga pattabhisheka cheyabaddaadu. 1674loo bijaipur sulthan maraataa saamantudu, bhomsle rajavamsaaniki chendina shivajee (1627/30-80) savati sodharudu ekoji I (1675–84) tanjaavuurunu vijayavantamga swaadheenam cheskunnaru. ekoji Thanjavur maraataa raajyaanni stapinchadu, ithanu 1855 varku tanjaavuurunu paalinchaadu.1855.maraataalu 17va chivari traimaasikamvaraku, 18va sataabdamantaa tanjaavuurupai thama saarvabhaumaadhikaaraanni pradharshinchaaru. 1787loo, Thanjavur raajapratinidhi ayina amar sidhu, minoor raza, atani menalludu serfoji II (1787–93)nu tolaginchi simhaasanaanni swaadheenam chesukunadu. serfoji II british vaari sahayamtho 1799loo punaruddharinchabaddadu, athanu raajya paripaalananu vidichipettamani prerepinchaadu. Thanjavur kota, chuttupakkala praantaalaku atanaki appaginchadu. chivari Thanjavur maraataa paalakudu shivajee II (1832–55) chattabaddhamaina maga varasudu lekunda maraninchinappudu, 1855loo 1855loo daaktrin af lops dwara raajyam british indialo vileenam cheyabadindhi. british varu thama recordulalo yea nagaranni tanjore ani paerkonnaaru. idi vileenam ayina iidu samvatsaraala taruvaata, british varu negapatam (neti nagapatnam) sthaanamloo tanjaavuurunu jalla paripalana kendramga marcharu. british paalanaloe, Thanjavur ooka mukhyamaina praamtiya kendramga udbhavinchindi. 1871 bhartiya janaba lekkala prakaaram 52,171 janaba namodaindi, madraasu preseidenseeloo Thanjavur mudava athipedda nagaramga marindi. bharatadesaaniki swatantrayam vacchina tarwata, Thanjavur jalla kendramga konasaagutundi. janaba ganankaalu 2011 bhartiya janaba lekkala prakaaram, tanjaavuurulo dadapu 2,50,000 janaba Pali, prathi 1,000 mandhi purushulaku 1,042 streela ling nishpattigaa Pali,idi jaateeya sagatu 929 kante chaaala ekuva.nagara janaba motthamloo 19,860 mandhi aarellalopu varu unnare.vaariloo 10,237 mandhi purushulu undaga, 9,623 mandhi mahilalu unnare. janaabhaalo scheduled kulaalu janaba 9.22% unnare. scheduled tegalu janaba .21% mandhi unnare. nagara sagatu aksharasyatha 83.14%,dheenini jaateeya sagatu 72.99% polchagaa ekuva Pali. motham 78,005 mandhi karmikulu unnare, veerilo 803 mandhi raithulu, 2,331 mandhi pradhaana vyavasaya karmikulu, 2,746 mandhi griha parisramalapai aadhaarapadina varu, 65,211 mandhi itara karmikulu, 6,914 mandhi sannakaru karmikulu, 110 mandhi sannakaru raithulu, 235 mandhi sannakaru vyavasaya karmikulu unnare. 2011 bhartiya mathaparamaina janaba lekkala prakaaram, Thanjavur (em) loo 82.87% hindus, 8.34% muslimlu, 8.58% cristavulu, 0.01% sikkulu, 0.01% bauddhulu, 0.06% jainulu, 0.11% itara mataalanu anusarinchevaaru leka e mathaparamaina praadhaanyatanu suuchimchanivaaru 0.01% mandhi unnare. tamilam vistrutamgaa matlade bhaasha, praamaanika mandalikam Madhya tamila mandalikam. telegu, Thanjavur maraatii, sourashtra yea nagaramlo matlade bhashalu. Thanjavur maraatii prajala samskruthika, rajakeeya kendram. hindus majorityga unnappatikee, nagaramlo muslimlu, cristavulu kudaa gananiyamaina janabhanu kaligi unnare. tanjaavuurulooni romman cathalic‌lu tanjore‌loni romman cathalic dioces‌ku anubandhamgaa unnare. protestantlu church af south india trichy-tanjore dioces‌ku anubandhamgaa unnare. bhautika vivaranalu yea Kota TamilNadu loni nagaralalo enimidava paddadi. janaba sumaarugaa 2,25,000 mandhi. ekkadi prajalalo tamilhulu, telegu varu ekkuvaga untaruu. taruvaata souraashtreeyulu, maraatheelu untaruu. bhougolikam Kota ooka paivantena (fly ovaru) will renduga vibhajinchabadindhi. paata Kota vyapara kendram, kothha Kota ekkuvaga nivaasa kendram. yea jalla sarihaddulugaa vayaluru, guruvadi, palliyagraram, karanthai, paata Kota, nanjikottai, vilar‌, keelavastachavidii unnayi. vrutthi ekkadi prajalu ekkuvaga vyavasaayadaarulu. ikda nalabhaikipaibadi unna medically‌ kaalejeela will ekuva sankhyalo daaktarlu unnare.nagara nivaasula pradhaana vrutthi paryaatakam, seva aadhaaritha parisrama, saampradaya vrutthi vyavasaayam. tanjaavuurunu "TamilNadu roses boul" ani pilustharu. vari panta, itara pantalugaa nallaregadi neelalalo, arati, kobbari, sonthi, raagi, erra shanaga, pachchi shanaga, cheraku, mokkajonna pandisthaaru samskruthi bharathadesapu samskruthika, rajakeeya, aadyatmika kendraalalo Thanjavur okati. yea Kota mukhyamugaa carnatic sangeethaaniki chosen sevalakuu, bhratha sastraaniki chosen sevalaku nilustundi. alaage Thanjavur paintingu parisramaku chaaala prassiddhi. enka viinha, bommalu tayaareeki prassiddhi. tanjaavuurulo tamila sampradaayalu gala kutumbaalu ekuva. pramukha vyaktulu z.Una.natesan - ganapathy agrahara annadurai aiyer natesan (1873 agustuu 25 - 1948 epril 29) ithanu pramukha swatantrya samarayodudu, rachayita, paathrikeeyudu, prachuranakarta, rajakeeya nayakan. athanu z.Una. natesan & koo aney pracurana samshthanu stapinchadu. adi jaateeyavaada pusthakaalanu prachurinchindi. vatilo pramukhamaindi "dhi eandian rivyuu''." vidyaa saukaryam Thanjavur pramukha vidyaakendramgaa velugondutundi. tanjaavuurulo motham nalaugu vishvavidyaalayalu unnayi, avi periar maniammai institut af science , teknolgy, p.orr.ai.yess.ti. vishwavidyaalayam, shasthra vishwavidyaalayam, tamila vishwavidyaalayam. tamila vishwavidyaalayam -''' 1981loo praarambhinchabadina prabhutva samshtha. 1983loo university grants commisison nundi dani chattabaddhamaina gurtimpunu pondindi. tamila bhaasha , shaasthraalalo unnanatha parisoedhanalu cheeyadam, bhaashaashaastram, anuvaadham, nighantuvu, sangeetam, natakam, manuscriptulaja vento vividha anubandha vibhaagaalalo unnanatha adhyayanalu cheestunna tamilhanaadulooni vidyaakendraalalo idi okati tanjaavuurulo motham 15 aarts , science manage‌ment kalashalalu, tommidhi inginiiring kalashalalu unnayi. Thanjavur vydya kalaasaala 1961loo sthapinchabadindhi. idi tamilhanaadulooni puraathana vydya kalaasaalallo okati. vari prosessing reesearch senter (p.p.orr.sea), idi tarwata 2017loo eandian in‌stitute af phud prosessing technolojiga marindi, idi phud prosessing parisoedhanaku kendramga Pali. 16va sathabdam chivari aati sarasvathi mahal granthaalayam, jalla paripalana nirvahanaloo unna kendra granthaalayam nagaramlo remdu pramukha granthalayaalu. tanjaavuurulo 20 namodita paatasaalalu unnayi, ivi Kota praadhimika, maadhyamika, unnanatha maadhyamika vidyaa avasaralanu tiirustunnaayi. tanjaavuurulooni sint peetars higher secondery paatasaalanu 1784loo rev. sea epf squartz stapinchadu. vaasthavaaniki kalasalaga sthapinchabadindhi, idi dakshinha bhaaratadaesamloe stanika prajalaku english neerpina modati paatasaala. Thanjavur dioces dwara 1885loo sthapinchabadina sint antonese higher secondery schul, Thanjavur jillaaloni puraathana paatasaalallo okati. tanjaavuurulo aamgla vidyanu prothsahinchadamlo kristiyan missionarylu pramukha patra poeshimchaaru. kalyanasundaram higher secondery schul, 1891loo sthapinchabadindhi, idi nagaramlooni puraathana paatasaalallo okati. chudavalasina pradheeshaalu Thanjavur ooka mukhyamaina punhyakshetram, tamilhanaadulooni pradhaana paryaataka kendram. tanjaavuurulooni south zoan samsrkati kendramga bharatadesa samskruthika vaarasatvaanni samrakshinchadaniki, prothsahinchadaniki bhartiya prabhutvanche sthapinchabadina praamtiya samskruthika kendraalalo okati. tanjaavuurulo ekkuvaga sandarsinche smaraka chihnam brihadeeshwara alayam, deeni nirmaanam, charitrakaarudu persie brown "dakshinha bhaaratadaesamloe nirmaana kala parinaamamlo ooka mailuraayi"gaaa abhivarnincharu. 11va sataabdamloo chola raju raja raja chola I (985–1014) chee nirminchabadina yea alayam hinduism Dewas shivuniki ankitham cheyabadindhi. garbagudi godalu chola, naayakula kaalam aati gooda chitraalatho kappabadi unnayi. yuneskoo prapancha vaarasatva pradaesamgaa gurthinchabadindi. raza raja kumarudu rajendra chola I (1012–44) nirmimchina gangaikonda choleshwara aalayamloo idi pratiroopam cheyabadindhi. bruhadeeswaraalayam - Thanjavur, raja raja choolhudu kattimchina ekkadi chaaala prasiddhichendina alayam. yea alayam 1987loo yuneskoo vaari prapancha vaarasatva pradeeshaalaloo okatiga gurthinchabadindi. yea deevaalayam hindudevudu shivuniki ankitham cheyabadindhi. Thanjavur maraataa raja mahal - 1674 nundi 1855 varku Thanjavur praantaanni paalinchina bhomsle kutumbaaniki chendina adhikarika nivaasamgaa Pali. dheenini vaasthavaaniki Thanjavur nayak raajya paalakulu nirminchaaru. vaari patanam taruvaata idi Thanjavur maraataala adhikarika nivaasamgaa panichaesimdi. 1799loo Thanjavur maraataa raajyamlo ekuva bhaagam briteesh saamraajyam swaadheenam chesukunnappudu, Thanjavur maraataalu paalaace chuttupakkala kotapai aadhipatyanni konasagincharu. Rajmahal yokka mudava chaturbhujam yokka dakshinha bhagamlo gudagopuram ani piluvabadee 190 adugulu (58 maillu) towar lanty bhavanam Pali. yea alayanni 1680loo Thanjavur modati maraataa raju venkoji nirminchaaru. sarasvathi mahal‌ granthaalayam - tamilhanaaduloo prakyatha chendina yea grandhaalayam raja mahal praamganamloo sumaaru 1700 samvatsaramulo sthapinchabadindhi. taalhapatra, kagithampiy vraasina 30,000 paigaa bhartia, eurpoean bhashalalo chetiraata prathulu unnayi. dani chetiraata pratulalo enabhai shaathaaniki paigaa samskruthamloo unnayi. vatilo chaaala taalapatraalapai unnayi. tamila rachanalaloo vaidyaaniki sambamdhinchina grandhaalu, sangam saahityampai vyakhyaanaalu unnayi. rajaraja chola chitrakala mandiram idi raja mahal lopala Pali - idi 9va sathabdam nundi 12va shataabdaala aati raati, kamsya chitraala peddha sekarananu kaligi Pali. gallery unna chaaala vigrahalu Thanjavur jillaaloni vividha devalayala nundi sekarinchabaddayi. shivaganga udhyaanavanam - idi brihadeeshwara aalayaniki thuurpuna Pali. raja raja choolhudu nirminchinatlu viswasinchabade shivaganga cheruvunu idi chuttumuttindi. dheenini 1871-72loo tanjore prajala purapaalaka sangha parkuga ruupomdimchimdi. It h dheenilo mokkala, jantuvula, pakshula samaharamutho kaligi Pali, nagaramlo pillalaku idi joo parkuga panichestundi. ivi kudaa chudandi karantai tamila sangham prasanna venkatesa perumaalh alayam gangaikonda cholapura alayam bruhadeeswaraalayam tirunallar alayam moolaalu bayati linkulu Thanjavur jalla TamilNadu

bharatadesa charithra" loo bhartiya upakhandamloni charithra puurva sthavaralu, samaajaalu bhaagamgaa unnayi. simdhu nagarikatha nundi vedasamskruti ruupomdimchina indo-arin samskruthi yerparachindi. hinduism, jainamatam, bouddhamatam abhivruddhi, hinduism shaktulatho mudipadina madhyayuga kaalamlo muslimla aakramanala perugudhalathoo sahaa bhartiya upakhandamloni vividha bhaugoollika praantaallo muudu vandala samvatsaraala paatu raajavamsaalu saamrajyaalu; eurpoean vartakulugaa privete vyaktula agamanam, briteesh india; bhartiya swaatantra vudyamam, bharatadesa vibhajanaku daariteesi bhartiya ganatantram erpadindi. bhartia upakhandamloe saareerakamgaa abhivruddhi chendina adhunika maanavula puratatva adharalu 73,000-55,000 samvatsaraala naatidigaa anchana vaeyabadindi. sumaarugaa 5,00,000 samvatsaraala kritam aati praarambha maanavulaku sambamdhinchina konni adharalu unnayi. dinni "nagarikataku uyaala"gaaa bhavistunaaru. dakshinha aasiyaaloni modati athipedda nagarikatha ayina simdhu loeya nagarikatha 3300 nundi 1300 varku bhartiya upakhandamloni Uttar-paschima bhagamlo vyaapti chendhindhi. cree.poo 2600 nundi 1900 varku proudha harppa kaalamlo adhunika, saankethika adunaatana pattanha samskruthi abhivruddhi chendhindhi. yea nagarikatha cree.poo. rendava sahasraabdhi praarambhamlo patanamaindi. taruvaata inupa yugam vedha samskruthi konasaagindi. yea kaalam himduumata pavithra grandhaalaina vedaala kuurpunu chusindi. idi janapadaalaku (racharika, raajya-stayi vidhaanaalu) kulala aadhaaramga saamaajika vibhajanaku anusandhaaninchabadindi. taruvaata vedha nagarikatha indo-gangatic maidaanaaniki varku alaage bhartiya upakhandamloe chaaala varku vistarimchimdi. alaage mahajanapadalu ani pilavabade pradhaana rajakeeyaala perugudalanu chusindi. yea saamrajyaalalo okataina magadh, gauthama buddhudu, mahaveerudu cree.poo. 5 va, 6 va sataabdaalaloo vaari dhaaraavaahika thathvalu prcharam chesar. cree.poo 4 va - 3 va sataabdaalaloo bhartia upakhandamloe adhika bhaganni maurya saamraajyam swaadheenam chesukundi. cree.poo. 3 va sathabdam nundi uttaraana praakrit, paali sahityam, dakshinha bhaaratadaesamloe tamila sangam sahityam vruddhi chendhaayi. 3 va sataabdamloo wootz steele dakshinha bhaaratadaesamloe udbhavinchi videshaalaku egumati cheyabadindhi. saampradaya kaalamulo bharathadesamlooni vividha praantaalanu tharuvaathi 1,500 samvatsaramula varku anek raajavamsaalu palinchayi. vatilo gupta saamraajyam agrasthaanamlo nilichimdi. yea kollanni hinduism mataniki, medhasampatti punaruddaranhaku sakshyamga cheppavacchu. dheenini "bhaaratadaesam shaastreeya" ledha " svarna yugam " ani varnistaaru. yea kaalamlo bhartia nagarikatha, paripalana, samskruthi, matham (himduumatam, bouddhamatam) ansaalu aasiyaalo chaaala varku vyaapinchaayi. ayithe dakshinha bharathadesamlooni rajyalau madhyapraachya, madhyadhara praanthaalatho samudra sanbandha vyapara sambandhaalu kaligi unnayi. aagneyaasiyaaloni palu praantaallo bhartia samskruthika prabavam vistarimchimdi. idi aaganeya aasiyaalo (grater india) bharatadesa rajyalanu stapinchadaniki dhaaritheesindhi. 7 - 11 va shataabdaala Madhya Kannauj kendramga unna tripathi poraatam athantha mukhyamaina sanghatanagaa bhaavinchabadutundi. idi paala saamraajyam, rastrakoota saamraajyam, gurura-pratihara saamraajyam Madhya remdu shataabdaala varku konasaagindi. dakshinha bhaaratadaesam 5 va sathabdam madhyakaalamloo bahulha samrajya saktula abhvruddhini chusindi. veetilo chaalukya, chola, pallava, chera, pandyan, paschima chaalukya saamrajyaalu chaaala mukyamainavi. 11 va sataabdamloo chola rajavamsam dakshinha bharatadesanni jayinchi vijayavantamga aaganeya asiya, srilanka, maaldeevulu, bengal praantaalanu aakramimchimdi. madhyayuga prarambhakalam bhartia ganithasastram arabbu prapanchamloo ganita, khagolasastram abhvruddhini prabhaavitam chessi hinduism sankhyalu pravesapettabaddaayi. cree.sha. 1206 loo madya asiya tarkulu Delhi sultanet sthaapinchabadadamtho 13 va sataabdamloo Uttar bhaaratadaesamloe muslim paalana prarambhamaindi. antaku puurvamae adhunika aafghanisthaan, paakisthaanlalo 8 va sathabdam praarambhamlo muslim damdayaatralu parimitamaina chorabaatlu srushtinchaayi. 14 va sathabdam arambamlo Delhi sultanet Uttar bhaaratamlo pradhaana bhaagam paalinchinappatikii 14 va sathabdam chivarilo adi tiraskarinchabadindi. yea kaalamlo mukhyamgaa kaakateeya, musunoori, vijayanagar, gajapti, ahom, alaage mewar vento anek saktivantamaina hinduism rajyalau aavirbhaavinchaayi. vijayanagar samrakshanaku pemmasani, ravella, suryadevara, vasireddi, saayapaneni, medarametla taditara rajyalau amdaga nilavatam vijayanagar saamrajyam dakshinha bhaaratamulo kaakateeya, musunoori taruvaata goppa shakthigaa erpadinadi. 15 va sathabdam sikkula agamananni chusindi. moghalulu bhartiya upakhandamloe adhika bhaagam swaadheenam cheskunna 16 va sataabdamloo adhunika kaalam prarambham modaliendi. 18 va sathabdam praarambhamlo moghalulu kramamga ksheenathanu edhurkonnaru. dheentho bhartiya upakhandamloni peddha prantalapai niyanthrana saadhinchenduku maraataalu, sikkulu, mysurianlu avakaasaalanu andichaaru. 18 va sathabdam chivari nundi 19 va sathabdam varku briteesh saamraajyam briteesh eest india companyche bharathadesamlooni peddha pranthalu anusandhaninchabaddayi. kompany paalanatho asantrupti 1857 aati bhartia thirugubatuku dhaaritheesindhi. dani taruvaata briteeshu rajyalau neerugaa briteeshu croun dwara nirvahinchabaddaayi. britushu palana kaalam maulika sadupayala abhivruddhi, aardika thiroogamanam, pradhaana karuvulu sambhavinchadaaniki sakshyamga nilichimdi.<ref name="historydiscussion">{{cite web|url=http://www.historydiscussion.net/british-india/economic-impact-of-the-british-rule-in-india-indian-history/6317|publisher=historydiscussion.net|title=Economic Impact of the British Rule in India & 20 va shataabdam modati ardhabhaagamlo " bhartia jaateeya kaangresu " parti naayakatvamlo desavyaaptamgaa bharateeya swatantrya poraatam konasaagindi. 1947 augustu 15 na britishu prabhuthvam bharateeya upakhandaanni bhaaratadaesam, pakistan‌gaaa vibhajinchina taruvaata bharatadesam britishuprabhutvam nundi swaatantram andhukundhi. charithra puurva kaalam (cree.poo. 3300) raati yugam bhartia upakhandamloni saareerakamgaa abhivruddhi chendina adhunika maanavula puratatva adharalu 78,000-74,000 samvatsaraala puurvulavani bhavistunaaru. ikda labhinchina adharalu 5,00,000 samvatsaraala aati heuumoo erectus vento aarambhakaala homonid vani bhavistunaaru. Madhya bharathadesamlooni narmade loyaloni hatnoraloni heuumoo erektasu avasheshaalu kanisam 5,00,000 - 2,00,000 samvatsaraala madhyapraachya polystoseenu kaalam nundi bhaaratadesapraantam human nivaasita praantamgaa untundani suchisthunnayi. bhartia upakhandamloni vayuvya bhagamlo remdu millionla samvatsaraala kritam kanugonabadina proto-manaollu ruupomdimchina upakaranalu kanugonabaddaayi. yea prantham puraathana charithraloo dakshinha aasiyaaloni puraathana sthavaralu, konni pradhaana nagarikatalu bhaagamgaa unnayi. soyanu nadiiloyalooni paliolithiku hominidu praatam bhartiya upakhandamloni tholi puraavastu pradheeshaalu, soniyanu puratatva pranthalu bhaaratadaesam, paakisthaanu, nepaalu deeshalaloo kanipistaayi. bhartia upakhandamloe mesolithiku kaalam taruvaata naveena silaa yugam (niyolithiku) kaalam modaliendi. 12,000 samvatsaraala kritam chivari manchu yugamu mugisina taruvaata bhartia upakhandamloe visthrutamaina maanavasthaavaraalu erpaddaayi. bharathadesamlooni adhunika madhyapradesam loni bheem‌betka silaa guhalu loo 9,000 samvatsaraala kritam aati mottamodati dhruveekarinchina paakshikasthira sthavaralu kanipinchai. edakkal guhalu ippayiki cree.poo 6,000 aati naveena silaa yugam maanavulaku chendinavani, Kerala loni sthavaralu, nagarikatha charitrapurvam naativani bhavistunaaru. dakshinha bhaaratadaesam edakkal raatiyuum chekkadalu chaaala arudaina udaaharanalugaa unnayi. neolithic samskrithiki chendina jaatiprajalu bharathadesamlooni khambat galphulo cree.poo. 7500 aati radiocarbon kalaniki chendina prajalato vileenam ayyarani bhavistunaaru. bharathadesamlooni uttarapradesh, haryanalo, lahuradeva praantaalaloo kanugonna (cree.poo. 7000) bharathadesamlooni bhirrana (cree.poo. 7570-6200) kanugonna bhirana parisoedhanalu, (cree.poo.3000 ) dhiguva gangatak loeyaloe cree.poo. 5000 kaalamlo sindhuu loeya praantaalaloo neolithic vyavasaya samskruthulu erpaddaayi pakistan, baluchistan praantaalaloo, dakshinha bhaaratadaesamloe mehergarh parisoedhanalu(cree.poo.7000-5000 BCE) dakshinapraantamlo vyaapinchaayi. taruvaata idi cree.poo. 1800 loo malvalo uttaramvaipu vyaapinchindi. yea prantham modati pattanha nagarikatha simdhu nagarikathatho prarambhamaindi. paataraati yugam Madhya bharathadesam loni narmada nadhii parivaha praamthamu loni hatnora loni hominini avasheshaala will bharatadesa bhuubhaagamunandu prachina silaa yugam nunde zanaavaasaalu unnatlu thelusthondi. yea avasheshaala yokka sariyain kaalamu teliyakunnappatikini, puraavastu shaasthrajnula prakaaram ivi kanisam remdu nundi edu lakshala samvatsaraala kaalamu aati krindavani teliyuchunnadi. yea silaajaalu dakshinha asiya lonae labhinchina tholi human avasheshaalu. dakshinha bharathadesam loni kaladgi praanthamlo oa kwaariiloo edvala konni avasheshaalu kanugonnaru. vitini batti adhunika manaollu yea praanthamlo sumaaru 12,000 samvatsaraala aati chivari manchu yugamu nunde unnatlu teliyuchunnadi. Madhya Pradesh loni bheem‌betka silaa guhalu anu pradeesamulooni aadhaaraalanu anusarinchi 9,000 samvatsaraala kritamu ikda manshulu unnatlu porthi aadhaaraalato nirdharana avuchunnadi. kottaraati yugam dakshinasiya praanthamlo, kottaraati yugapu tholi samskruthi mehar‌gadhlo cree.poo.7000 loo varddhillindi. yea pradeesam prasthutham pakistan‌ loni baluchistan‌loo Pali. mehargad‌ prajalu mukhyamgaa pasuvula kaaparulu, matti illalo nivasinchevaaru. buttalu alluthoo, gorreylanu penchutuu undevaaru. cree.poo.5500 natiki, viiru kundalu cheyyadamu modhal pettinaru. alaage raagi panimutla vaadakam kudaa modaliendi. cree.poo.2000 natiki viiru adrushyam ayinaru. kanchuyugam modati nagareekarana (cree.poo.3300 – cree.poo.1500) sindhuulooya nagarikatha bhartiya upakhandamloe kamsya yugam cree.poo. 3300 praarambhamlo simdhu loeya nagarikatha prarambhamaindi. idi sindhuu nadi, dani upanadee praantaalaloo kendrikrutamai ghaggar- harka nadhii loyala varku vistarimchimdi. ganges, yamunaa doyab, gujaraatu aaganeya afgionistan varku vistarimchimdi. mesopotaamia, pharonic egyptulatho paatu prachina prapanchamloo nagarikatha janmasthanamgaa unna 'prachina turupu' loo vilasillina muudu prachina nagarikatalalo simdhu nagarikatha okati. idi bhuubhaagavaisaalyam, janaba pariganaloki tiskunte athantha vistrutamainadigaa bhavistunaaru. yea nagarikatha praadhamikamgaa adhunika bhaaratadaesamloe (Gujarat, Haryana, Punjab, Rajasthan, uttarapradesh, zammu, Kashmir rastralu), pakistan (simdh, panjaabu, baluchistan rastralu) loo Pali. chaaritraatmakamgaa prachina bhaaratadaesamloe bhaagamgaa idi mesopotaamia, prachina egyptulatho paatu prapanchapu mottamodati pattanha nagarikatalalo okati. puraathana simdhu nadhii loeyaloe nivasinchevaaru, harappanlu lohapu panimutlu, hastakala (carneol utpattulu, siel bommalu) loo kothha paddhatulanu abhivruddhi chesar. raagi, kaanchu, seesam, tinlanu utpatthi chesar. parinhati chendina simdhu nagarikatalo bhaagamgaa sumaaru cree.poo. 2600 - 1900 varku bhartiya upakhandamloe pattanha nagarikatha prarambhamayindi. adhunika nagarikatalo pariniti chendina dholavira, kalibangan, ropar, rakhigari, adhunika bharathadesamlooni lothal, alaage harppa, ganeriwala, mohenjo-daro vento adhunika paakistaanlo unnayi. yea Kota nagarikatha itukalu, rahadhaarulu, neetipaarudala vyvasta, muruguneeti kaluvalu, palu anthasthula illanu nirmaanaalaku prassiddhi chendhindhi. yea nagaralaku okavaidhamaina purapaalaka samsthalanu kaligi unnatlu bhavistunaaru. motham 1,022 nagaraalu, sthavaralu kanugonabaddaayi. mukhyamgaa simdhu, ghaggar-hakra nadulu, vaari upanadulu; veetilo 406 pradheeshaalu paakistaanlo, bhaaratadaesamloe 616 sitelu, veetilo 96 praantaalaloo tavvakaalu jarigaay. yea nagarikatha chivari kaalamlo kramamga kshinathaku sanketaalu kanipinchadam modaliendi. sumaarugaa cree.poo. 1700 natiki chaaala nagaraalu vadaliveyabaddaayi. yedemaina simdhu nagarikatha hatathuga adrushyamayindi. simdhu nagarikatha konni ansaalu mukhyamgaa chinna gramalu, polaalu unnayi. charitrakaarudu uppendar sidhu prakaaram "chivari harappan dhasaloo samarpinchabadina sadarana chitram pattanha networkla vicchinnamai grameena praantaala vistarana" jarigindani bhavistunaaru. doyab praantamlooni ocher rangu poosina mrunmayalatho sambandam kaligiunna yea samayamlo bhartia raagi hoyard samskruthi abhivruddhi chendhindhi. aadimavaasee draavidulu aaryulu bhartia upakhandaaniki varusaga valasalu saaginchadaaniki mundhu bhartia upakhandam antataa draavidaabhaashalanu matlade prajalu vistarimchi undevarini bhaashaaparisodhakulu abhipraayapadutunnaaru. aarambhakaala sindhuunaagarikata tarachugaa draavida naagarikatagaa bhaavinchabadutundi. hemri heras, kamil zvelebil, asko parpola, iraavatam mahadevan vento parisodhakulu yea basha, naagaritatala polikalu chusi viiru sindhuunaagarikataku chendina proto draavida aadimavaasulu ani bhavistunaaru. bhaashaaparisodhakudu asko parpola vraatalu sidhuu lipi, harappan lipi anekamgaa dravidabhasha kutumbaaniki chendinavani theliyajesthunnaayi. parpola finnishu brundaaniki naayakatvam vahimchi computers upayoginchi silaasaasanaala parisoedhana saaginchaadu. proto dravidabhasha vidhaanamlo palu chihnaalanu adhyayanam chessi heras, norojov (cheepa gurtu draavida bashalo cheepa (mean))avi dravidabhasha kutumbaaniki chendinavani angeekarinchinappatiki itara adhyayanalu iduku vyatirekamga unnayi.1994 varakuu parpola parisodhanala saransham " decifering dhi indus scriftu " loo vivarinchabadindi. tamilhanaaduloo saaginchina parisoedhanalu neolithic chivari bhaagam (cree.poo. 2000 harappan nagarikatha patanam taruvaata)sindhuu nagarikata chihnalu kaligina raati upakaranalu chusi kontha mandhi dravidian gurtimpunu angikarinchaaru. yoori norojov yea chihnam logosailabic lipigaa undavachani abhipraayapaddaadu. computers vishleshakulu yea abhipraayaanni balaparichaaru. norojov salahaalaku hemri heras (draavida saankethika lipi parisoodhakudu)parisodhanala aadhaaramga unnayi. j.bloch vento kontamandi parisoedhanaa vidyaardhulu appatike rigveda roopudiddukunna draavida bhoobhagalalo sindhuunaagarikataku chendina prajalu valasaga vachi cheraarani abhipraayapaddaru. baluuchistaanuku chendina brahui prajalu bhaashaasanaanatalu unna praantaalaku tisukuni rabaddarani prantham antataa vyaapinchina draavidabhaashalanu sindhuubhaashalu bhartee chesaayani bhavistunaaru. sarasvathi, sindhuu nadhii loyala nagarikatha idi itukalatoo kattabadina kattadaalakoo, rodlakuu, roddu pakkana unna drainagi paddhatikee, bahulha antastula bhavanaalakuu, perugaanchindi. sumeriyanu recordulalo paerkonna meluhha antey bharatadesame kaavachchani bhavistunaaru. charithraloo mottamodati saarigaa bharathadesapu prasthavana vacchindi ikade. samakaaleena naagarikatalaina sumeriyanu, eejiptu lato polisthe idi bhougolikamgaa chaaala peddadii, chakkani pranaaliikaabaddamainadii ani bhavistunaaru. ekkadi chaaala vatiki yeka pramaanaalu paatinchabadinaayi kanuka (udaharanaku itukala kolatha, mottamu anni oche madhiri unnayi) kanuka idi oche raju palalo undavachani bhavistunaaru. mohenjo daro yea nagarikataku kendram. dakshinhaana bombaayi varakuu, uttaraana Delhi varakuu, paschimaana iranian ellala varakuu, uttaraana himalayas varakuu yea nagarikatha vyaapinchindi. harppa, dolavera, ganverivala, lothal‌, anunanvi ekkadi mukhyamaina kanugonna pattaanaalu. sumaarugaa yabai lakshala janaba varakuu undi vumdavacchu ani oa abhiprayamu. ippativarakuu 2,500 nagaraalu kanugonabaddaayi! mukhyamugaa luptamaina sarasvathi nadhii parivaha pradaesamuna ekkuvaga kanugonabaddaayi. yea sarasvathi nadi maranama yea nagarita maranaaniki kaaranamani chaaala mandhi nammutunnaru. vaidika nagarikatha vedaalato mudipadda indo-arin‌ nagarikate vaidika nagarikatha. vaidika samskrutha bashalo unna vedalu indo-europeanu rachanalokella puraatanamainavi. yea pusthakaala " aryula agamana siddaantamu " pai bhinnabhiprayalunna. vaidika nagarikulu tholutha pasuvula kaaparulu. tharuvaathi kaalamlo viiru vyavasayampai aadhaarapaddaaru. samajam nalaugu varnaalugaa vargeekarinchabadindi. anek chinna chinna rajyalau, jaathulu viliinamai konni peddha rajyaluga erpaddaayi. yea rajyala Madhya tarachugaa yudhalu jarigeevi. aa taruvaata vaedaalanu nalaugu bhaagaalugaa vibhajinchaaru. vedaalato paatu raamaayanamu, bhaaratamu kudaa yea kaalamlone vraayabadinaayani cheppabaduchunnadi. bhagavadgeeta kudaa yea kaalamulone vraayabadindi. kuru vansha saamraajyamu vedhika nagarikatha kalaniki chendinde! idhey mahabharathamu loni poraata bhoomikanu pooshinchindi. cree.poo.7 va sataabdaaniki bharathadesam chaaala varku pattaneekarimpabadindi. aa kaalam aati saarasvatamlo 16 mahaa janapadaala prasthavana Pali. vedakaala samajam caritrakarulu vedha samskruthi panjaabu prantham, eguva ganges maidaanamloo vilasillindani vedaamsaalanu udaharistuu vislaeshimchaaru. chaalaamandi caritrakarulu kudaa yea kollanni vayuvya nundi bhartiya upakhandamloki indo-arin valasalu konasagina kaalamgaa vashwasistunnaaru. adharva vedakaalam natiki raavi chettu, aavulanu pavitram ayinaviga bhavinchabaddayi. bhartia thathvashastram vedha puurvakaalaaniki mundunna dharmam vento moolaalanu gurtinchaayi. bhartiya upakhandam vaayavyabhuubhaagamlo kegvedamlo aarambhakaala vedasamajam girinchi varninchabadindi. athi puraathana vedasaahityam cree.poo 2 va sahasraabdhaaniki chendinadani bhavistunaaru. yea samayamlo arya samaakamloe ekkuvaga girijan, matasambandhamaina samuuhaalu unnayi. harppa pattaneekaranaku idi vibhinnamainadi. praarambha indo-arin uniki bahusa ochar rangu kummari samskrithiki anugunamga umtumdi puraavastusaastra vivaranalu theliyajesthunnaayi. rugveda kaalam mugisina taruvaata aryasamajam bhartiya upakhandamloni vayuvya prantham nundi paschima ganges maidaanaaniki vistarinchadam praarambhinchindi. taruvaata idi vyavasaayasamaajamgaa maari yea samajam nalaugu varnala sanghika vargala sopanakramam kaligina saamajikamgaa nirvahimchabadimdi. Uttar bharatadesa stanika samskrutulato saanghikanirmaanam anusandhaanitamaindi. conei chivariki konni stanika prajalanu vaari vruttulanu minahaayinchaaru. yea kaalamlo munupati chinna girijan vibhagalu, pradhaanaguruvulu janapadaalalo (racharika, rashtra-stayi vidhaanaalu) kalisipoyayi.cree.poo. 14 va sataabdamloo vedamloni arin girijan saamraajyaalato puru, bhratha girijan rajyalau vaayavya girijan samuuhaalatoe mytri cheesukuni vishwaamitruni maargadarshakatvam sweekarinchaayi. puru raju sudasu, bharatagirijana samuuhaalatoe vedasamuuhaalatoe yuddhanchesi vision sadhinchi kuru saamraajyasthaapana chesaru. idi vedakaalam aati modati rajyaanga bhaavinchabadutundi. janapadaalu sumaaru cree.poo. 1200 nundi cree.poo. 6 va sathabdam varku bhartiya upakhandamloe repabliklu, saamrajyaalu - inupa yugam rajyaluga bhavistunaaru. janapadaala perugudala kaaranamgaa kuru, paanchaala, koshala, videha vento inupa yugam rajyalau erpaddaayi. vayuvya bhaaratadaesamloe inupayuga arambamlo sumaaru cree.poo. 1200 - 800 loo vedha kaalam aati modati raajya-stayi samajamga kuru saamraajyam velasindi. yea kaalamlone atharvavedam koorchabadindi. (idi mottamodati bhartia likhitha sahityam). kuru prabhuthvam kaalamlo vedha shlokaala sekarana jargindi. sanghika kramaanni samskaristuu sanaatana sampradayalanu abhivruddhi chesindi. kuru rajyaniki chendina iddharu mukhyamaina vyaktula raju parikshittu, aayana vaarasudaina jaanamejayuni paalanaloe yea bhoobhaagam Uttar inupayuga bhaaratadaesamloe aadhipathya rajakeeya, samskruthika shakthigaa marchabadindhi. kuru raajyam ksheeninchina samayamlo vedha samskruthi kendram turupu poruguna unna panchaala raajyamloki marindi. cree.poo. 1100 nundi 600 varku Uttar bharathadesamlooni Haryana, paschima uttarapradesh praantaallo vruddhi chendina painted gray ware samskruthi abhivruddhi chendhindhi. kuru, panchaala raajyaalaku anugunamga unnayani vishwasistunnaaru. vedha kaalam chivarilo videharaajyam vedha samskrithiki nuuthana kendramga udbhavinchindi. idi turupu vaipuku (bhaaratadaesamloe nedu nepaul, Bihar rashtramlo) ippatikee Pali. janakaraju sabha, braahmanha rushulu, yajnavalkya, aruni, gargi vachaknavi vento tatvavettalaku praadhanyam icchindi. yea kaalamlo tharuvaathi bhagamlo abhivruddhi chendina peddha saamraajyaalu, rajyalau, uttarapradesh antataa mahejanapadaalu ani piluvabaddayi. mahajanapadamulu cree. poo. 600natiki bharathadesam loni ganges pariivaahaka pradeesamuloo mariyoo sindhuu pariivaahaka pradeesamulaloo padaharu rajyalau vistarinchinaayi. vitini mahaa janapadaalu ani pilavadam kadhu. indhulo mukyamainavi, kuru, koshala, magadh, gandhar. ivi entha mukhyamainavante ippatikee chandmama kadhalalo manamu yea paerlae chustuntamu! upanishattulu yea kaalamulone vraayabadinaayani oa abhiprayamu. yea kaalamulo raja bhaasha samskrutamu. sadarana jana bhaasha maatramu praakrutamu. gauthama buddhudu yea kaalamu aati wade. jaina mathamu sthaapinchina mahaa veerudu kudaa eekaalamu wade. yea remdu mataaluu sulabhamgaa undi praakrit bashalo bodhinchinaayi, anevalla saamaanyulu vitini ekkuvaga aadarinchaaru. jaina mathamu bhougolikamgaa ekuva vyaapinchakapoyinappati, buddhist mathamu maatramu teebet, jjapan, srilanka dakshinha asiya deshaaluku vyaapinchindi. cree. poo. 500 samvatsaramuna yea praanthamunu parsiyanlu aakramincharu. viiru prabhuvaina darious 1 induku aadyudu. parsiyanlu takshashilanu thama rajadhaanigaa chesukunnapatiki viiri prabhavamu naama Bara. viiru 150 samvastaralu yea praantaanni paripaalinchaaru. taruvaata alegjandaru veerini odimchaadu. dviteeya nagareekarana (cree.poo 600 – 200) cree.poo. 800 nundi 200 Madhya kaalamulo yerpadina sramana vudyamam nundi jainamatam, bouddhamatam prarambham ayyaayi. adae kaalamlo modati upanishattulu vrayabaddayi. "rendava pattaneekarana" gaaa piluvabadina cree.poo. 500 tarwata kaalamlo pratyekamgaa madya ganges maidaanamloo kothha pattanha sthavaralu erpaddaayi. rendo pattaneekarana punaadulu cree.poo 600 ku mundhu ghagar-hakra, eguva ganges maidaanaaniki chendina painted gray ware samskrutilo unnayi. chaaala p.z.dabalyu. pranthalu chinna vyavasaya gramaluga unnappatikee "anek dozen" p.z.dabalyu. pranthalu chivaraku pattanaalugaa gurthinchadagina peddha sthaavaralugaa udhbhavinchaayi. cree.poo. 500 tarwata yerpadina kothha raajyaalaina "rendo pattaneekarana" samayamlo magadh saamraajyam vilasillina madya ganges maidaanamloo pratyeka samskrutito mauryasamrajyam punaadi vaeyabadindi. idi vedha samskruthi chetha prabhaavitamaindi, conei idi kuru-panchala prantham nundi vaerugaa undipoyindi. idi "dakshinaasiyaalo mottamodati vari saagu chosen prantham cree.poo. 1800 natiki chirand, checharla praanthaalatho anubandhitamaina adhunika neolithic janabhaku idi sthaanamgaa Pali". yea praanthamlo dhaaraavaahika udyamaalu abhivruddhi chendi jainamatam, bouddhamatam modaliendi. upanishattulu, sramana udyamaalu cree.poo. 800 nundi cree.poo 400 varku upanishattula kuurchabaddaayi. upanishattulu saampradaya hinduijaaniki siddantaparamaina aadharaanni yerparustayi. ivi vedasaaraalu(vedaantaalu) gaaa piluvabadataaru. paata upanishattulu karmapai teevra daadicheyadaaniki praarambhinchaaru. brihadaraanyakalo ooka daivatvaanni poojinchee evarainaa upanishattuloni devatala penpudu Jhirka ani cheppabadindi. mundaka vruddhaapya, maranam ooka surakshitam kanni padavaloo prayaninchey vaarigaa perkonadandwara aachaarampai athantha bheekaramaina daadyki praarambhinchindi. cree.poo. 7 va - 6 va sataabdaallo bhaaratadaesamloe adhikarinchina pattaneekarana kothha sanyaasamaargam roopudiddukuntunna tarunamlo sramana vudyamaala abhivruddhiki dhaaritheesindhi. idi sanaatana achaaraalanu savalu chesindi. bouddhamata sthaapakudu yea udyamaaniki athantha pramukhamaina chihnamgaa mahaveerudu (cree.poo.549-477), jainamatam sthaapakudugaa, gauthama buddhudu (kristupurvam 563-483)bouddhamata sthaapakudugaa avatarinchaaru. sramana janana marana chakraaniki sarikotha ardhaanni cheppi samsara Bodh nundi vimochana Bodh aney bhaavanaku dhaaritheesindhi. buddhudu ooka madhyamarganni kanugonnaadu. idi aadhyaatmikamgaa tiivramaina sanyaasijaanni santruptiparichindi. adae samayamlo mahaaveera (jainamatamlo 24 va teerthankaram) jainamatam ooka vedaantasaastraanni prcharam chesindi. ayinappatikee teerdhankarula samayam andharikii telisina danikante mudukaalaaniki chendinavani bhavistunaaru. parshvanta (cree.poo 872 - cree.poo. 772) parisodhakulu vishwasistunnaaru. rishabhanata modati teerdhankarani bhavistunaaru. vedaalalo varninchina teerdhamkarulu shramanaa udyamaaniki chendina vaarani bhavistunaaru. mahajanapadalu cree.poo. 600 nundi cree.poo. 300 loo mahajanupadala abhivruddhi saagimdi. 16 shakthimanthamaina, vistaaramaina rajyalau, ganatantraalu abhivruddhi chendhaayi. yea mahajanapadalu vaayuvyamlo gaandhaaram nundi bhartiya upakhandamloe turupu bhagamlo bengal varku vistarinchaayi. indhulo trance-vindhyaaya prantham bhaagaalu unnayi. anguttara nikaya vento puraathana buddhist grandhaalalo yea padaharu goppa rajyalau, ganatantraalu-anga, assaka, avanti, chedi, gandhar, kashi, kamboja, koshala, kuru, magadh, mallah, matasya (ledha macha) , paanchaala, surasena, vriji, watsa prasthavana Pali. yea kaalamlo simdhu nagarikatha tarwata bhaaratadaesamloe pattaneekarana rendava athipedda perugudala kanipinchindi. praarambha "ganatantraalu" (gana saanghaa) shakius, kolius, mallas, lichaviyaslu ganathanthra prabhutvaalanu kaligi unnayi. cree.poo. 6 va sathabdam natiki vaisali nagaramlo kendrikrutamai unna valjian ganatantram (vajji), cree.poo. 4 va sathabdam varku konni praantaallo konasaagindi. mallas kausingara nagaramlo kendrikarinchabadina vajji ganathanthra raajyaalalo lachavi rajavamsam atyadhikamgaa prakhtaati gadinchindi. yea kaalamu " northern black polising ware " samskrithiki sambandhinchi unnatlu ooka puraavastu pustakam paerkonnadi. yea samskruthi pratyekamgaa madya gangasa maidaanamloo kendrikarinchi Uttar, Madhya bhartiya upakhandamloe praantaalaloo kudaa vistaaramgaa vyaapti chendhindhi. yea samskrutilo bruhattara rakshanavalayaalato nirminchabadina bhaaree nagaraalu, peddha janaba perugudala, sanghika jeevitam arambham, visthrutha varthaka vaanijya netvarkulu, praja koodallu, neeti kaluvalu, pratyekamaina kalakhandala rupakalpana (udaa. ivery, ratnaala chekkadalu), baruvula vidhaanam, Punch-marque naanhaelu, brahmi lipitho vraatalu, kharosti scripts ruupamloe vraayadam pravesapettabaddaayi.<ref>J.M. Kenoyer (2006), "Cultures and Societies of the Indus Tradition. In Historical Roots" in the Making of 'the Aryan''', R. Thapar (ed.), pp. 21–49. New Delhi, National Book Trust.</ref> aa samayamlo panditabhaashagaa samskrutam, Uttar bharathadesamlooni sadarana prajala bhashaga praakrutam abhivruddhi chendhaayi. cree.poo. 400-500 madya gauthama buddhuni kaalamlo 16 ganatantraalu vatsa, avanti, koshala, magadh aney 4 pradhaana rajyaluga sanghatinchabaddaayi. goutamabuddhuni jeevitamto pradhaanamgaa yea nalaugu raajyaalaku sambandam Pali. magadh raajavamsaalu magadh raashtram cree.poo. 600 dani rajadhani raajya gramtham nundi harica vamsiyulu, varasudu shishunaga vamsiyulu kindha vistarinche mundhu. magadh rajuku chendina king bimbisara raajagirilo veduruna vedurunu sandarsistundi; saanchi nundi kalaatmakata. padaharu mahaa-janapadalalo (prachina bhaaratadaesamloe raajyaaluga) gangaanagaraaniki dakshinhaana Bihar prantham; dani modati rajadhani rajagriha (adhunika rajgir), taruvaata palitiputra (adhunika Patna) undevi. beehaarulo atyadhikabhaagaanni jayinchina taruvaata lachavi, angadesaalanu jayinchi bengalu varku vistarimchimdi. taruvaata turupu uttarapradesh, orissalo ekuva bhaagam varku vistarimchimdi. prachina saamraajyam magadh jaina, buddhist grandhaalalo ekkuvaga prastavinchabadindi. idi raamaayana, mahabaratha, puraanaalaloo kudaa perkonabadindi. magadh prajalaku mottamodati suuchana adharvavedamlo Pali. ikda avi anga, gandhar, mujavatu raajyaalato paatu jaabitaalo unnatlu kanugonnaru. magadh jainamatam, bouddhamatam abhivruddhilo mukhyamaina patra pooshinchindi. bharathadesamlooni remdu goppa saamrajyaalu maurya saamraajyam, gupta saamraajyam magadh nundi puttaayi. yea samrajyala palanakalamlo prachina bharatadesa shaastram, ganitham, khagola shaastram, aadhyaatmikata, tattva shaasthramlo purogati sadhinchi yea kaalam bhartia "swarnayugam" gaaa bhaavinchabadindi. magadh raajyamlo rajakumara samajam vento ganathanthra samuuhaalu unnayi. gramalu stanika naayakula aadhvaryamloo swantha sabhasamavesalu unnayi. vaari palana yantrangam kaaryanirvaahaka, nyaaya, seinika kaaryakalaapaala vaareega vibhajinchabadindhi. hinduism itihasam mahabharatham bruhadradhudu magadh modati paalakudu ani theliyajesthundhi. buddhist paali cannon, jaina agamas, hinduism puraanasaastraala nundi praarambha moolaala aadhaaramga 200 samvatsaraala kaalam haryanka rajavamsam magadhanu paalinchinatlu cree.poo 600 - 413 varku. haryanka rajavamsam raju bibisarudu chaitanyavantamaina, vistaaramaina vidhanamtho anga (pratuta turupu beeharu, paschima bengalu pranthalu) deeshaanni jayinchaadu. raju bibisarudu tana kumarudu rajakumarudu ajaatasatru chetha padaveechyutudai champabaddadu. taruvaata aayana magadh vistarana vidhanaanni konasaaginchaadu. yea kaalamlo bouddhamata sthaapakudaina gauthama buddhudu magadh raajyamlo chalakalam jiivinchaadu. athanu buuddha gayaalo gnaanoodayam pondadu. sarnaathlo tana modati upanyaasam icchadu. rajgrahalo modati buddhist mandalini nirvahincharu. haryanka rajavamsam sisunaga vamseekulachae padagottindi. chivari sisunaga paalakudu kalosoka cree.poo. cree.poo 345 loo mahapadmanandudiche hatamaarchabaddaadu. mahapadma nandudu aayana yenimidhi mandhi kumaarulaina navanandulu ani pilavabaddaru. nandasamrajyam Uttar bhaaratadaesamloe chaaala bhaagam varku vyaapinchindi. parsiyanlu, greekulu cree.poo 530 loo paeshiya acamenid saamraajyaaniki chendina raju hindukushu parvathaalanu daati kamboja, gandhar, trance-india prantham (adhunika aafghanisthaan, paakisthaan) girijanulanu kappam ivvaalani nirbandhinchaadu. 520 natiki paeshiya modati darius palana kaalamlo Uttar-paschima bhartiya upakhandam (pratuta turupu afghanistan paakisthaan) chaalaavaraku pertian acamenid samrajya idi turupu sarihaddi praantaalaloo bhaagamgaa Pali. taruvaata remdu shataabdaalu yea prantham percian niyantranalo Pali. yea samayamlo greesu rendava parshiyanu daadi cheyadanki (cree.poo. 480-479) bhaaratadaesam parshiyanu sainyaaniki kirai sainikulanu sarafara chesindi. parshiyanu paalanaloe puraathana vedha vishwavidyaalayam, acamenid adhyanalu rendintini kalipina kendramga marindi. cree.poo 327 loo alegjaamdar dhi greeat vijayamtho Uttar paaschaatya dakshinaasiyaalo parshiyanu adhirohanam mugisindhi. 326 natiki alegjaamdar dhi greeat asiya minoor, acamenid saamraajyaanni jayinchi bhartiya upakhandamloni vayuvya sarihaddulaku cherukunnaadu. akada hydespes (pratuta pakistan jeelam sameepapraantam) yuddamlo raju porasnu odinchi panjaabulo ekuva bhaagam gelichadu. alegjandaru dandayaatralo turupu magadh nanda saamraajyam, bengalu gangaaridilanu edurkonnadu. atani sienyaanni ganges nadi oddha peddha bhartia sainyamtho edurkoni hyphasis (adhunika beas nadi) oddha tirugubatu poraatam chessi marinta thoorpuku chochuku pokunda nirbhandhinchindi. alegjandaru tana adhikary, konasto samavesam taruvaata nanda saamraajyabalaanni girinchi thelusukununi tirigi povadam manchidhi ani vishwasinchaadu. percian, greeq damdayaatralu bhartiya upakhandamloni Uttar-paschima praantaalaloo pratighatanalu edurkonnaayi. gaandhaaram (pratuta turupu aafghanisthaan, vayuvya pakistan prantham) bhartia, percian, madya asean, greeku samskrutula misramanto greco buddhijam abhivruddhi kaavadaniki dhaaritheesindhi. graeco-bouddhamatam, samskruthi 5 va sathabdam varku konasaagi mahaayaana bouddhamatam kalaatmaka abhvruddhini prabhaavitam chesindi. maurya saamraajyam maurya saamraajyam (cree.poo. 322-185) bharatadesanni okeraajyamgaa ekkam chosen mottamodati saamrajyamgaa gurtinchabadutundi. idi bhartiya upakhandamloe athi paddadi. maurya saamraajyam goppa vistaranalo uttarapraantamlo himalayas sahaja sarihaddula varku, turupu vaipu Assam varku vyaapinchindi. paschimapraanthamlo adhunika pakistan daati prasthutham hinduism kushu parvataalaku cherindhi. magadhalo (adhunika beehaarlo) chaanakya (kautila) sahayamtho mouryachandragupta nanada raajavamsaanni padagotti maurya saamraajyam stapinchadu. chandraguptudi kumarudu bindusaarudu cree.poo. 297 loo simhaasanaanni adhishtinchu. cree.poo 272 aayana maranhinche samayaaniki bhartiya upakhandamloe adhika bhaagam maurya saamraajyam aadhvaryamloo Pali. ayithe kalinga (adhunika odisha chuttuu) prantham maurya niyanthranaku velupala Pali. bahusa dakshinhaana vaari vaanijya aadhikhyam vistarimchimdi. bindusaarudi taruvaata aayana kumarudu asoekudu maurya sihasana adhishtinchu. aayana maranam varku (sumaaru cree.poo 232 loo) aayana paalana konasaagindi. kristupurvam 260 loo kalingulaku vyatirekamga aayana poraatam vijayavantam ayinappatikee iddam apaaramaina nashtaniki dhaaritheesindhi. idi asokudini paschaattaapapadelaa chessi himsanu addaginchataaniki dhaaritheesindhi. tadanamtaram aayananu bouddhamatam alinganam chesukundi. atani maranam taruvaata mauryasamrajyam ksheeninchi aayana chivari maurya palakudayyadu. brihadraata maryudini pushyamitra shunga hatyachesi shunga saamraajyam stapinchadu. asokudi vraatalu, ardhashaastram maurya kaalamlooni praadhamika likhitha patraalu. puraavastusaastraparam yea kaalamu " narthan black polished ware " yugamloo Pali. maurya saamraajyam samardhavanthamaina adhunika aardika vyvasta, samajam medha aadhaarithamgaa Pali. ayinappatikee vaanijya vikrayaalanu prabhuthvam kanusannalalo jarigela niyantrinchindi. maurya samaakamloe etuvanti byaankingu vyvasta lenappatiki vaddii vidhaanam aacharinchabadindi. banisatwam pai vraasina rachanalu gananiyamaina sankhyalo kanugonabadadam banisatwam prabalyanni suchisthundi. yea samayamlo dakshinabhaaratamlo wootz ukku aney ooka adhika nanyatha kaligina ukkunu abhivruddhi chesar. tarwata idi chainaa, arebiaku egumati cheyabadindhi. sangakaalam creesthu poorvam 3 va sathabdam nundi 4 va sathabdam varku sangam kaalamulo tamila sahityam abhivruddhi chendhindhi. yea kaalamlo muudu tamila vamsaalu kalsi tamilam muudu tamila simhaasanaalugaa pilavabaddayi: chera vamsiyulu, chola rajavamsam, pandiya rajavamsam dakshinha bharatadesa bhagalanu paalincharu. yea kaalam aati tamila prajala charithra, rajakiyalu, yudhalu, samskrutito sangham saahityamlo bhaagam ayyaayi. pradhaanamgaa sadarana prajalu nundi vacchina sangam kalapu panditulu tamila raajula poeshanhaloo rachanalu sagistu sadarana prajalagurinchi rachanalu saaginchaaru. ekkuvaga braahmanulayina samskrutha rachayitalu kakunda, sangam rachayitalalo vibhinna vargala nundi, sanghika nepathyaala nundi vachinavaaru, ekkuvaga brahmin kanni varu unnare. varu raithulu, kalaakaarulu, vartakulu, sanyaasulu, pujaralu, prasamgaalu vento vaervaeru viswaasaalaku, vruttulaku chendinavaaru, veerilo kondaru strilu kudaa unnare. cree.poo. 300 - cree.poo. 200 " pattupaattu " sangham saahityamlo bhaagamgaa pariganinchabade padi Madhya-podavu kaligina pustakam samputi; kavita rachana " ettoothogii " yenimidhi sankalanaala kuurpu, alaage paddenimidi chinna kavitva rachanalu padunengil kanakku ardham; ayithe tamila bhaashalooni tholi grameena rachana ayina tolpappiyam abhivruddhi cheyabaddaayi. sangam kaalamlo tamila saahityamlooni iidu goppa itihaasaalalo remdu rachimpabaddaayi. ilamgo aadigal vraasina silappatikaram okati. idi matha aadhaaritha rachana kaanappatiki idi itihaasa stayi gouravanni andukunnadi. anyaayatiirpunu edurkoni tana bharthanu kolpoyina kannaki pandian rajavamsam sabhalo tanuku jargina anyaayaanni yedirinchi vaadaadi niroopinchi raajavamsaanni rajadhani nagaranni mantalaku aahiti chosen katha aadhaarithamgaa idi rachinchabadindi. silappatikaram rachanaku tarutaati bhaagamgaa saitalai sattanar kovalan, maadhavi kumarte bouddhabhikshuki ayina manimekhalai kadhanu rachinchadu.Manimekalai - English transliteration of Tamil original sampradhaya kaalam nundi madhyayuga kaalam (cree.poo.200 – cree.poo. 1200) cree.poo. 3 va sataabdamloo praarambhamiena maurya saamraajyam cree.poo. 6 va sataabdamloo gupta saamraajyam arambham muginpu madhyakalam bhaaratadaesam "classically" kaalamgaa suchinchabadindi. kaalavyavadhini batti vividha vupa-kaalaalugaa vibhajinchabadavachhu. saampradaayika kaalam mugimpulo maurya saamraajyam ksheenatha praarambhamie shunga rajavamsam, sathavahana rajavamsam abhivruddhi modaliendi. gupta saamraajyam (4 va -6 va sathabdam) hinduism matham "swarnayugam" gaaa pariganhinchabadutundi. ayithe yea sataabdaallo uttarabhaaratadesamlo saamrajyaalu paalanakonasaagutunna kaalamlo cree.poo.3 va sathabdam nundi usa.sha. 3 va sathabdam varku dakshinha bhaaratadaesamloe sangam sahityam abhivruddhi chendhindhi. yea kaalamlo bhartiya aardika vyvasta prapanchamloonee athi peddadiga unnatlu anchana vaeyabadindi. prapancha usa.sha. 1 nundi 1000 varku bhartia sampadha prapancha sampadalo moodinta ooka vantula Madhya umtumdi. aarambhakaala sampradhaya kaalam (cree.poo 200 – cree.poo 320 ) shunga saamraajyam 187 nundi 78 Madhya turupu bhartia upakhandamloni magadh, niyamtrita praantaala nundi sungaprabhutva paalana udbhavinchindi. chivari maurya chakraverthy padaveechyutudini chessi pushyamitra shungaatho yea rajavamsam sthapinchabadindhi. mudugaa rajadhani pataliputra nundi paalana saginappatiki taruvaata bhagabhadra vento chakravartulu Vidisha (turupu malvaloni adhunika besnagar) kudaa rajasabha nirvahimchabadimdi. pushyamitra shunga 36 samvatsaraala paatu paalinchina taruvaata aayana kumarudu agneemitra raajyapaalana Akola. shunga paalakulu padhimandhi unnare. ayinappatikee agnimitra maranam taruvaata saamraajyam vaegamgaa vichchinnamaindi; shunga saamraajyam balaheenamaina taruvaata Uttar, Madhya bhaaratadaesamloe chaaala varku chinna rajyalau, nagara-rajyaluga shunga aadhipathyam nundi swatantramgaa undevani shasanalu naanhaelu suchisthunnayi. shunga saamraajyam videsi, swadesi shaktulatho saaginchina anek yudhalu yea saamraajyam gurthimpu pondindi. varu kalinganu paalinchina mahameghavahana rajavamsam, dakkanu peethabhoomini paalinchina sathavahana raajavamsamto, indo greekulu, Mathura paalakulu paanchaala paalakulatho, mittra raajavamsamto poraadaaru. yea samayamlo kala, vidya, thathvashastram, itara terrakota chithraalu, peddha raati siplaalu, bhar‌huth stupam, saanchi oddha unna prakyatha greeat stupam vento itara takala smaraka nirmaanaalu abhivruddhi chendhaayi. sanga paalakulu kalalaku, vidyabhyasaniki pooshakulugaa undi sarikotha saampradaayaaniki sreekaaram chuttaaru. saamraajyam upayoginchina brahmi lipi vaividhyamainadigaa undi samskrutha bhaasha aksharabaddham cheyadanki upayoginchabadindi. hinduism chintanalo konni mukhyamaina parinaamaalu jarigaay. aa samayamlo shunga saamraajyam bhartia samskruthini prothsahinchadamlo ooka mukhyamaina patra pooshinchindi. idi yea saamraajyam abhivruddhi chendadaaniki, adhikaaraanni sampaadinchadaaniki dhohadhapadindhi. sathavahana saamraajyam aandhrapradeshloni Amravati nundi paalana saaginchaaru. poona, poothin (paithaan)lu shaathavahanula palana kendraluga unnayi. saamraajyam bhoobhaagam cree.poo. 1 va sathabdam nundi bhaaratadaesam peddha bhagalanu swaadheenam cheesukuni paalinchindi. shaathavahanulu mundhuga mouryavamseeyulaku saamantulugaa untu mouryasamrajya patanam taruvaata swatantrulugaa prakatinchukunnaaru. shaathavahanulu himduumatam, bouddhamatam praachuryaaniki prassiddhi chendhaaru. idi ellora (yuneskoo prapancha vaarasatva pradeesam) nundi Amravati varku buddhist smaraka chihnalu abhivruddhi cheyadanki dhaaritheesindhi. paalakula chithraalu chithrinchabadina naanhaelu jaarii chosen mottamodati bhartia rajyaanga idi gurthinchabadindi. varu ooka samskruthika vanthenanu yerparuchukuni, vaanijyamlo keelaka patra poeshimchaaru. alaage indo-ganges maidanam nundi bhaaratadaesam dakshinha kona varku chintanalu, samskrutula vistaranaku kaaranamayyaaru. varu shunga saamraajyamto pootiipaddaaru. taruvaata magadh kana rajavamsam palananu sthapinchabadindhi. taruvaata saakaalu, yavanalu, pallavula vento videsi aakramanadaarula nundi bhaaratadaesam loni athipedda bhuubhaagaannimrakshinchada mukhyapaatra poeshimchaaru. peddha bhaganni rakshinchadaniki varu keelaka patra pooshinchaapratyekinchi paaschaatya kshaatrapaalato vaari poraataalu sudeerghakaalam konasaagaai. sathavahana rajavamsa chakraverthy paalakulalo gautamiputra satakarni, shree yajna satakarni paaschaatya kshatraalu vento videsi aakramanadaarulanu odinchi vaari vistarananu nilipiveshaaru. cree.poo. 3 va sataabdamloo saamraajyam chinna rashtraalugaa vibhajinchabadindhi. vaayavya rajyalau, hibreedu samsanetulu bhartia upakhandamloni vayuvya rajyalau, haibrid samskruthulalo indo-greekulu, indo-sidhiyanlu, indo-paarthiyanlu, indo-sassinidulu unnare. indo-greekulu:-viiru anek indo-greeq rajyala antataa vyaapinchina sankarajaati samskruthi jaatiki chendina prajalu. sumaaru remdu shataabdaalapaatu konasagina yea rajyalanu 30 kante ekuva indo-greeku raajula vaarasulu paalincharu. varu tarachu okaritoo okaru kalahinchukunnaru. gaandhaaram nundi hinduism kushu parvataala meedugaa greco-bacterianlanu nadipinchi vision sadhinchi taruvaata konthakaalam rajuga maarna modati menandaru paalanaloe (cree.poo. 155-130 paalinchinavaaru) indo-greekulu sikharaagram cherukunnaaru. adhunika bhuubhaagamloe aayana praantaalanu adhunika afghan sthaanamlooni panjashir, kapisala varku vistarimchi taruvaata bhartiya upakhandamloni panjaabu prantham varku vistarimchaadu. aayana saamraajyamlo anek dakshinha, turupu saamantaraajyaalu unnayi. modati menandaru buddhist matanni sweekarinchadu. idi bouddhamata gramtham milinda panhaalo vivarinchabadindi. atani marpidi taruvaata athanu bouddhamata pramukha poshakunigaa gurthimpu pondadu. cree.poo 2 va sathabdam madhyakalam nundi creesthu poorvam 1 va sathabdam madya kaalamlo sakalu (sidhiyanlu) dakshinha cyberia nundi pakistan, arachosiaku nundi valasa vachcharu. taruvaata varu indo-greekulanu sthaanabhramsam chessi gandhara nundi Mathura varku vistarimchi unna raajyaanni paalincharu. sathavahana rajavamsam dakshinha bhartiya chakraverthy gautamiputra satakarni sythian paaschaatya satraapulanu odinchina taruvaata cree.poo 2 va sataabdhamlo saakaala patanam prarambham ayindhi. 4 va sataabdamloo turupu bharatadesaaniki chendina gupta saamraajyam chakraverthy rendava chandergupta saka saamraajyam purtiga nasanam Akola. indo-paarthiyanlanu gondopherid vamseeyulachae paalincharu. deeniki modati paalakudu gondopers peruu pettaaru. varu pratuta aafghanisthaan, paakisthaan, vayuvya bhartiya dheshaalanu dadapu usa.sha. modati shataabdam varku paalincharu. pramukha gondopherid raajulu vaari charithraloo ekuva bhaagam takshashilanu (prasthutham paakisthaan loni panjaabu rashtramlo Pali) nivaasamgaa cheesukuni akada nundi paalana saaginchaaru. ayithe vaari aakari konni samvatsaraalalo rajadhani kaabuulu, peshaavar Madhya marchabadindhi. yea raajulu saampradaayakamgaa indo-paarthiyanlugaa perkonabaddaru. araasidu rajavamsam prabhaavitam vaari naanaalanu prabhaavitam cheesinappatikii varu adhikanga paarthiyaaku toorpugaa nivasisthunna iranic tegalaku samuhalaku chendinavaarai unnare. rajulandaru gondopharu birudutho paalincha ledhu. indo-paarthiyanlu buddhist matam takht-i-baahi nirmaanam koraku prasiddi chendhaaru. indo-sassanidulaku paeshiya sassanid saamraajyam muulangaa Pali. idi gupta saamraajyaaniki samakalinamga bhartia samskruthi, iranian samskruthi kalaika ooka hibreedu samskrithiki (indo-sasaanidu samskruthi) janmanichhina pratuta baluchistan, paakisthaan prantham varku vistarimchimdi. bharatadesa vaanijyam, paryaatakam keralalo sugandha vaanijyam prampancham amtati nundi vyaapaarulanu bharatadesaaniki akarshinchindi. cree.poo. praarambha rachanalu, neolithic yugam raati yugam chekkadalu, sumarian recordula aadhaaramga bharathadesamlooni nirutu teerapraanta keralalooni mujiris Harbour cree.poo. 3000 nundi masaalaadinusula pradhaana vaanijya kendramga unnadan viswasinchabadutundi. cree.poo. 562 loo keralalooni kochipraantaaniki yoodaya yooduvartakulu vachcharu. usa.sha. 70 loo rendava alayam naashanmayina taruvaata bahishkaranaku guraina yoodu vartakulu adhika sankhyalo keralaaku cherukunnaaru. keralaa bharatadesa masaalaa dinusula thotagaa varninchabadindi. kristoffer kolambasu, vaskodigama vento vartakulu, egumati daarulaku idi cheravalasina gamyamgaa bhaavinchabadindi. thomas dhi apostle cree.poo 1 va sataabdamloo naukaamaargamlo bharatadesaaniki cherukunnaadu. athanu bharathadesamlooni keralalo mujirislo adugupettadu. yej (seven) araa (sagam) palligal (churchilu) (seven andu haaph charcheelanu stapinchadu. 1 va ledha 2 va sataabdamloo bouddhamatam silk roed traancemission dwara chainaaloki pravaesinchindi. samskrutula mishramam anek mandhi chainaa prayaanikulu, sanyaasulu bharatadesamloki pravaesinchaenduku dhaaritheesindhi. athantha pramukhamainavi faxian, yising, sang yuen, juwanjang. yea paryatakulu bhartiya upakhandamloni vivaranaatmaka Datia vraasaaru. vaari vraatalaloo yea prantham rajakeeya, saamaajika ansaalu unnayi. aaganeya asiya hinduism, buddhist mataachaara samshthalu aardhika karyakalapalu, vaanijyamto anubandam kaligivunnayi. taruvaata poorchugal peddha nidulanu appaginchatamtho estate nirvahanha, hastakala, vaanijya kaaryakramaala dwara stanika aardhikavyavasthaku labdi chekurindi. mukhyamgaa bouddhamatam naavikaadala vaanijyamto, naanhaelu, kala, aksharaasyatalanu proothsahinchindi. masaalaa vyaapaaramlo paalgonna bhartia vyaapaarulu bharatadesa vamtakaalu agneyasiaku teesukuvellaaru. akada stanika nivaasitulalo masaalaa misramaalu, kooralu bagaa praacuryam pondaayi. greco-romman prapamcham masaalaadinusulu, sugandhadravyala vyaapaaramaargaanni romman-india anusarinchadam modaliendi. posidonius vraatala aadhaaramga cree.poo 2 va sataabdamloo greeku, bhartia noukalu aden portulalo (greekulache udamen ani piluvabadevi)vaanijyam koraku kalusukunevani bhavistunaaru. taruvaata strabo rachana " jiagraphy " loo deeni prasthavana chotuchaesukundhi. cree.poo. 118 ledha 116 loo " man‌soon wind cyst " hinduism mahasamudramlo payanimchimdi. man‌soon wind sistamnu sijicas eudoxus nadapadu. bharatadesaaniki chendina naukaadiggaja naavikudu poceedonius naukaapramaadamlo chikkukuni erra samudramloo kaapaadabadi alegzandrialoni 8 va tolemiki cherukunnatlugaa cheppaadu. strabo " jiagraphy " loo vraayabadina samudrapramaadam nundi brakibayata padina yea kathanam ooka muulangaa Pali. adhunika parisoedhakulaloo yea kathanam sandehaaspadamgaa Pali. inkoka greeku naavikudu ayina hippalas, konnisarlu bhaaratadaesamku rutupavanaala aadhaaritha maargaanni kanugonna ghanata saadhimchaadu. athanu konnisarlu eudoxus dandayaatralalo bhaagamgaa unnadani oohistunnaaru. modati sahasraabdi kaalamlo bharateeyulaku samudra maargaalanu bharatiyulu, ithiyopiyanlu niyantrinchaaru. idi samudrapu vaanijya varthaka shakthigaa marindi. kushan saamraajyam kushan saamraajyam modati chakraverthy kujula kadfaces naayakatvamlo bhartiya upakhandamloni vaayuvyamlo pratuta aafghanisthaan varku vistarimchimdi. kushaanlu bahusa tocharian matlade tegaku chendinavaarani bhavistunaaru. yooji samaakhyalooni iidu shaakhalalo idi okati. atani manavadu kanishka maharaju paalanaloe saamraajyam aafghanistaanulo chaaala bhaagam varku vistarimchimdi. taruvaata idi bhartiya upakhandamloni Uttar bhagyulyna Varanasi (benaras) sameepamloni saaketha, saranath varku vistarimchimdi. chakraverthy kanishkudu buddhijanni atyadhikamgaa poeshimchaadu. ayithe kushaanlu dakshinhaaniki vistharinchadamtho vaari taruvaata naanelalo chootu cheskunna deevathalu chithraalu nuuthana hinduism aadhukhyaanni pratibimbimchaayi. varu bhaaratadaesamloe bouddhamatam sthaapinchadamlo adi Madhya asiya, chainaa laku vistarinchadamlo mukhyamaina patra poeshimchaaru. charitrakaarudu vincent smith khanika girinchi maatlaadutuu: yea saamraajyam silk roed vaanijyaanni sindhuu loeya dwara hinduism mahasamudra samudra vaanijyamto anusandhaaninchindi. chainaa, romla Madhya vaanijyaanni proothsahinchindi. kushan paalanaloe sikharaagraaniki cherukuni vikasinchina gandhar kala, Mathura kalalaku sarikotha pokadalu tisukuni rabaddai. hetch.z. roulison vyaakhyaanimchaaru: 3 va sathabdam natiki bhaaratadaesamloe kushanula saamraajyaaniki vighaatam kaligindi. modati vaasudeva kushanula chivari chakraverthy ayadu.Si-Yu-Ki, Buddhist Records of the Western World, (Tr. Samuel Beal: Travels of Fa-Hian, The Mission of Sung-Yun and Hwei-S?ng, Books 1–5), Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co. Ltd. London. 1906 sampradhaya kaalam (cree.poo 320 – cree.poo 650) gupta saamraajyam - swarnayugam bhartiya upakhandam chaalaavaraku gupta saamraajyam (usa.sha.320-550) aadhvaryamloo samaikhyam cheyabadina kaalam " classically india " gaaa perkonabadindi. yea kaalam bharatadesa swarnayugam ani piluvabadinadhi; sciencu, teknolgy, engineeringu, kala, mandalikam, sahityam, tarkasastram, ganitham, khagola shaastram, matham, thathvashastram (hinduism samskruthi muulaalatoe) vistrutamgaa vijayaalu sadhinchayi. hinduism-arabek sankhya vyvasta, positional numeral cyst, bhaaratadaesamloe udhbhavinchaayi. tarwata arabbula dwara paschimadaesaalaku badilee cheyabadindhi. 600 nundi 800 l madhyakaalamloo sankhyaavidhaanamlo sunnaa abhivruddhi cheyyabade varku puraathana hinduism sankhyaavidhaanamlo kevalam tommidhi chihnalu unnayi. guptulu naayakatvamlo srushtimchabadina shanthi, shraeyassu bhaaratadaesamloe shaastreeya, kalaatmakatanu uddeepimpajesaayi. anusarinchindi. adbuthamaina vaastu silpakalha, shilpam, chithralekhanam yea samskruthika srujinathmakatha adhika amsaalugaa unnayi. guptaa kaalamlo kaalidaasu, aryabhatta, varahamihira, vyshnu sarma, vaatsayana vento anekamandi vidyaa rangaalalo goppa purogathini sampaadinchaaru. guptula kaalam bhartia samskruthi pariivaahaka kaalamgaa gurthinchabadindi: guptulu vaari paripaalananu chattabaddham chesenduku vaedaalanu anusarinchinaa varu bouddhamataaniki maddatunicharu. ivi braahmanika sampradaayaaniki pratyaamnaayaanni andinchayi. modati muguru paalakulu - modati chandergupta, samudraguptudu, rendava chandraguptudu seinika atyupayogamto vaari naayakatvamlo bhaaratadaesam loni adhika bhaganni aadhikhyataloki teesukuvachchaayi. sciencu, rajakeeya paripalana gupta yugamloo kothha ettulanu cherukunnai. balamaina vaanijya sambandhaalato yea prantham ooka mukhyamaina samskruthika kendramga marindi. barma, srilanka, maritime aaganeya asiya, indochainaalo sameepa rajyalau, itara praantaalanu prabhaavitam chese ooka sthavaranga marindi. 5 va sathabdam modati bhagamlo aafghanistaanulo bamiyanunu thama rajadhaanigaa cheesukuni thamanu thaamu sthaapinchukunna alcon huns vachey varku mottamodati guptulu vayuvya rajyalanu vijayavantamga addukunnayi. ayinappatikee yea sanghatanalu dakshinha bhaaratadaesamloe ekkuvabhaganni prabhaavitam cheyaladu.Ancient India, 2003, p 650, Dr V. D. Mahajan; History and Culture of Indian People, The Age of Imperial Kanauj, p 50, Dr R. C. Majumdar, Dr A. D. Pusalkar. vakataka saamraajyam cree.poo. 3 va sathabdam madyalo dakkanulo vakataka saamraajyam udbhavinchindi. vaari saamraajyam malwaa, gujaraatu dakshinha anchula nundi dakshinapraantamlo tungabadra nadi varku, paschimaana arabian samudram nundi thuurpuna chhattisgad anchula varku vaari raajyam vistarinchindani vishwasistunnaaru. dakkanupraantamlo saavaahanula tharuvaathi raajavamsamgaa, Uttar bhaaratadaesamloe guptulaku samakalinuluga unna vakataka raajavamseeyula taruvaata dakkanu prantham vishnukundinula vasham ayindhi. vakatakaalu kalalu, vaastusilpam, sahithya poeshakulaku prassiddhi chendhaaru. varu prajopayoga panlu chepattaaru. vaari smaraka chihnalu vaari vaarasatvaaniki sakshyamga unnayi. vakataka chakraverthy harishena poeshanhaloo ajanta guhala (yuneskoo prapancha vaarasatva sampadha) buddhist viharaalu, chaitanaala vento raatichekkadaalu nirminchabaddaayi.The precise number varies according to whether or not some barely started excavations, such as cave 15A, are counted. The ASI say "In all, total 30 excavations were hewn out of rock which also include an unfinished one", UNESCO and Spink "about 30". The controversies over the end date of excavation is covered below. kamarupa saamraajyam samaadraguptudu sthaapinchina 4 va shataabdapu alahaabaad stambhaala saasanamlo kamarupa (paschima Assam), davaka (Madhya Assam) lalo prasthavana chotuchaesukundhi. idi gupta saamraajyam sarihaddu rajyaanga perkonabadindi. taruvaata davaka kaamaruupaloo vileenam ayyindi. idi karatoya nadi nundi (pratuta sadiya) motham brahmputra loeya, Uttar bengal, bangladeshs bhaagaalu, puurna, paschima bengal praantaallo vistarimchimdi. yea praantaanni paalinchina muudu raajavamsaalu varmanas (cree.poo. 350-650 CE), melcha rajavamsam (cree.poo. 655-900), kamarupa-palas (sumaarugaa usa.sha. 900-1100) raajavamsaalu varusaga pratuta Guwahati (praagjisyotippura), tezpur (haruppeshwara), Uttar Guwahati (durjaya) rajadhaanigaa cheesukuni palinchayi. muudu raajavamsaalu ariwart nundi valasa vacchina naarakaasuruni santatiki chendinavi. varman raju bhaskar varman (kristupurvam 600-650) paalanaloe chainaa prayaanikudu juwanjang yea praantaanni sandharshinchi tana prayaanaalanu namoodhu chesukunadu. taruvaata balaheenamai vichinnamaina taruvaata (kamarupa-palas), kamarupa sampradaayam cree.poo 1255 modati lunaru (1120 - 1185 CE), rendava lunaru (creesthu 1155 - 1255 CE) raajavamsaala paalanaloe kontha varku vistarimchimdi. 13 va sathabdam madhyakaalamloo kamarupa saamraajyaanni muslim turkulanu aakraminchhina taruvaata kamatopur (north bengal) nundi rajadhanini kamarupanagara (Uttar Guwahati)ku marchi kenn rajavamsam aadhvaryamloo kamata raajyaanni stapincharu. pallava saamraajyam 4 va sathabdam nundi 9 va shataabdam madyakaalamlo pallavulu, Uttar vupa guptulatho paatu, bhartiya upakhandamloni dakshinapraantamlo samskrutha abhivruddhiki goppa pooshakulugaa unnare. pallava paalana grantha ani pilichey lipilooni modati samskrutha shasanalu unnayi. tholi pallavulu agneyasia deshaalatho vibhinna sanbandhaalanu kaligi unnare. pallavulu Mamallapuram, Kanchipuram, itara praantaalaloo dravida nirmaanasaililoo konni mukhyamaina hinduism devalayas, akaadameelanu nirminchaaru. vaari paalanaloe kavulu goppa abhivruddhi sadhincharu. devaalayaalanu vaervaeru deevathalaku devalayas nirminchadam aacharanaloki vacchindi. aagamasaastraalanu anusarinchi devalayanirmanam jargindi. modati mahendravarma (cree.poo. 571 - 630 ), modati narasimhavarma (cree.poo.630 - 668 ) paalanaloe pallavulu adhikaaramlooki vachcharu. 9 va sathabdam chivari varku 600 samvatsaraalugaa tamila praanthapu Uttar prantham, telegu praantaalaloo aadhipathyam chesaru. kadamba saamraajyam kristupurvam 345 loo mayurasharma Karnataka praanthamlo kadamba raajyam stapinchadu. taruvaata kaalamlo dhaanini samardhathatho saamrajyamgaa abhivruddhi Akola. raju mayurasharma konni stanika girijanulanu sahayamtho kanchiki chendina pallavula sienyaanni odimchaadu. kakutsavarma paalanaloe kadamba khyati garista sthaayiki chaerukumdi. Uttar bharathadesamlooni gupta rajavamsam rajukutumbamto vivaham sambandhaalu yerparuchukunnadu. kadambalu paaschaatya ganga rajavamsam samakaaleekulugaa unnare. varu bhumini paripuurnha svayampratipattito paripaalinche praarambha stanika rajyalanu erparacharu. yea rajavamsam taruvaata qannada saamrajyaalu, chaalukya, rajaputra saamraajyaalaku saamataraajyamgaa iidu vandala samvatsaraala paatu konasaagindi. idi Goa kadambalu, halasi kadambalu, hangal kadambalu vento chinna vamsaalugaa vibhajinchabadindhi. alchan hums nomadic samakhya puraathana aadivaasii kaalamlo madya aasiyaalo indo-heftalities lights ( alcon huns)gaaa undedi. alcon huns 5 va sathabdam modati artha bhagamlo adhunika-aafghanisthaan‌loo thama sthavaralu stapincharu. han seinika nayakan toramana netrutvamlo bhartiya upakhandamloni Uttar praantaalanu adhigaminchaaru. toramana kumarudu mihirakula, ooka paaschaatya hinduuvutoe thuurpuna paalitiputraku, Madhya bharathadesamlooni gwaaliyaruku veltaru. hiuen tsang bouddhula mihirakula kanikaramleni bouddhulanu himsimchadam, mathaalanu vidhvamsam cheeyadam tana vraatalaloo vivarinchaadu. ayinappatikee aa vivarana praamaanikataku sambandhinchinanta varku vivaadhaaspadhamgaa Pali. 6 va sataabdamloo bhartiya paalakulu, maharashtra maharaju yasodharan (malwaa), gupta chakraverthy narasimhagupta narasimhaguptaalu kalisi hansunu odimchaaru. vaariloo kondaru bhaaratadaesam nundi baytiki vellaaru. Bundi bhartia samaakamloe kalisipoyaru. harsha saamraajyam harshudu 606 nundi 647 varku Uttar bharatadesanni paripalinchadu. aayana vardhana rajavamsaaniki chendina prabhaakarvardhanudi kumarudu, rajyavardhanudi thamudu. vardhana rajavamsa raajulu pratuta haryanalo unna taanesarnu paalincharu. 6 va sathabdam madhyakaalamloo puurva gupta saamraajyam pathanamaina taruvaata Uttar bhaaratadaesam chinna ganatantraalu, racharika rajyaluga vidipoyindi. falithamgaa tanesar vardhanala abhivruddhi chendutuu Punjab nundi kendra bharatadesaaniki ganatantraalu, racharika rajyalanu ekkam cheeyadam praarambhinchaaru. harshudi thandri, sodharudu maranhinchina taruvaata 606 loo saamraajyam pratinidhulu eprillo samavesam jaripi harshadini chakraverthy chesaru. kevalam 16 ella vayasuloe ayanaku maharaja birudu ivvabadindi. tana adhikaaramloo aayana saamraajyam Uttar, vaayavya desalannintini swaadheenam cheesukuni samraajyaanni kamarupa varku, dakshinhaana narmade nadi varku vistarimchaadu. chivariki Kannauj (prasthutham uttarapradesh rashtramlo) tana rajadhaanigaa cheesukuni cree.poo. 647 varku paalinchaadu. atani nyaayastaanam casmopalitinism kendramga maari panditulu, kalaakaarulu, mathaparamaina sandarshakulanu dheerghakaalam akarshinchindi. yea samayamlo harshudu suryah aaradhana nundi bouddhamatamloki maaradu. chinas yaatrikudu juwanjang harshudi nyaayasthaanaanni sandharshinchi aayana nyaayaanni, daatrutvaanni prasamsistuu aayana girinchi chaaala anukuulamgaa vraasaadu. samskrutha kavi baanabhattu rachinchina aayana jiivitacharitra harshacharita ("harshi deeds") tanesarutho ayanakunna anubandam, alaage rakshana gooda, kandakam, remdu anthasthula dhawlagriha (wyatt mansion) thoo unna Rajmahal girinchi varninchadu. aarambhakaala madhyayuga kaalam (cree.poo 650 –cree.poo 1200 ) usa.sha. 6 va sataabdamloo guptula saamraajyam mugisina taruvaata bhaaratadaesam madyayugam prarambhamaindi. yea kaalam hunduyijaaniki " sampradhaya yugam dviteeyaardham " ani bhaavinchabadutundi.usa.sha. 7 va sataabdamloo harsha saamraajyam patanam taruvaata idi modaliendi. imperially Kannauj prarambham tripathi poraataaniki dhaaritheesindhi.1279 loo dakshinha bhaaratadaesamloe mudava rajendra choladi maranhamtho tarvati choolhula mugimputoe 13 va sataabdamloo Uttar bhaaratadaesamloe Delhi sultanetu mugisindhi; ayinappatikee 17 va sataabdamloo dakshinhaana vijayanagar saamraajyam patanam saampradaayika kaalamlooni konni ansaalu konasaagaai. 5 va shataabdam nundi 13 va natiki vedha samskruthi ksheeninchi bouddhamatam, jainamatam abhivruddhi modaliendi. raja nyaayasthaanaallo saivijam, vaishnavism, saktivijam vistarinchaayi. yea kaalam bhaaratadaesamloe atythama kalaa saampradaayika abhivruddhi konasaagindi. hinduism matham, bouddhamatam, jaina mathamloo pradhaanamgaa aadyatmika, thaathvika vyavasthalu abhivruddhi chendhaayi. alcon huns akramana taruvaata 6 va sataabdamloo vaayavya bhaaratadaesamloe bouddhamatam balaheenapadindi. alcon hums prajalu praarambhamlo vaari swantamatam tengri mataalanu anusarinchi taruvaata bhartiya mataalanu anusarinchaaru. cree.poo 711 loo simdhu prantham nundi (adhunika pakistan) mahammadhu bin khaasim muttadi taruvaata bouddhamatam marinta kshininchindi. anek sthoopaalu nenoon (paakisthaan loni haidarabadu) vento maseedulugaa marchabaddayani chouch naamaa namoodhu Akola. 7 va sataabdamloo kumaareela bhattu mimansa tatvasaasra paatasaalanu ruupomdimchaadu. buddhist dhadulaku vyatirekamga veeaachaachaaraalaku madduthugaa nilichaadu. kumarilabhattu bhaaratadaesamloe bouddhamatam patanaaniki krushi chosen vyaktiga panditulu gurtinchadu. bouddhulaku vyatirekamga atani vyvidhya vijayaanni buddhist charitrakaarudu tathaagata dhruvikarinchadu. aayana buddhapaalkita, bhavya, dharmadasa, dignagaa, itaru shishyulanu vaadamlo odinchaadani paerkonnaaru. 8 va sataabdamloo adwaita vaedaanta siddhaamtaanni prcharam chesenduku, vistarimchadaaniki bhartiya upakhandam antataa aadata shankaracharyudu prayaaninchaadu. hinduumatamloo pratuta aalochanlu mukhya lakshanaalanu yekikrutam cheyataniki sakaraachaaryuni krushi sahakarinchindhi.Shankara, Student's Encyclopædia Britannica – India (2000), Volume 4, Encyclopædia Britannica (UK) Publishing, , page 379, Quote: "Shankaracharya, philosopher and theologian, most renowned exponent of the Advaita Vedanta school of philosophy, from whose doctrines the main currents of modern Indian thought are derived.";David Crystal (2004), The Penguin Encyclopedia, Penguin Books, page 1353, Quote: "[Shankara] is the most famous exponent of Advaita Vedanta school of Hindu philosophy and the source of the main currents of modern Hindu thought." aayana bouddhamatam, hinduisija mimamsa paatasaalalanu vimarshinchadu.;Edward Roer (Translator), to Brihad Aranyaka Upanishad at pages 3–4; Quote – "[...] Lokayatikas and Bauddhas who assert that the soul does not exist. There are four sects among the followers of Buddha: 1. Madhyamicas who maintain all is void; 2. Yogacharas, who assert except sensation and intelligence all else is void; 3. Sautranticas, who affirm actual existence of external objects no less than of internal sensations; 4. Vaibhashikas, who agree with later (Sautranticas) except that they contend for immediate apprehension of exterior objects through images or forms represented to the intellect."KN Jayatilleke (2010), Early Buddhist Theory of Knowledge, , pages 246–249, from note 385 onwards;Steven Collins (1994), Religion and Practical Reason (Editors: Frank Reynolds, David Tracy), State Univ of New York Press, , page 64; Quote: "Central to Buddhist soteriology is the doctrine of not-self (Pali: anattā, Sanskrit: anātman, the opposed doctrine of ātman is central to Brahmanical thought). Put very briefly, this is the [Buddhist] doctrine that human beings have no soul, no self, no unchanging essence.";Edward Roer (Translator), , pages 2–4Katie Javanaud (2013), Is The Buddhist 'No-Self' Doctrine Compatible With Pursuing Nirvana?, Philosophy Now;John C. Plott et al. (2000), Global History of Philosophy: The Axial Age, Volume 1, Motilal Banarsidass, , page 63, Quote: "The Buddhist schools reject any Ātman concept. As we have already observed, this is the basic and ineradicable distinction between Hinduism and Buddhism". bhartiya upakhandamloni nalaugu moolallo adwaita vaedaanta vistarana, abhivruddhi choose mathaalu (mathaalu) stapincharu. cree.poo.8 va sathabdam natiki samrajya kendram, cosmo-rajakeeya vyavasthalalo buddhudiki badhuluga hinduism devatala vigrahalu pratishtinchabaddaayi. hinduism deevathalaku alayalu nirminchabadi raajarika aaradhana cheyabadindhi. enimidava sathabdam taruvaata buddhist matham bhaaratadaesam nundi adrushyamaindi. vyshnu, sheva aaradhana raajaprasaadaalu, saamaajika sanghika nepadhyamlo bouddhamata stayini balaheenaparichi ksheeninchajeyadaaniki sahaayapadindi. 7 va sataabdamloo gupta rajavamsam patanam taruvaata Kannauj chakraverthy harsha tana palanakalamlo Uttar bharatadesanni tirigi samaikhyam Akola. atani maranam taruvaata atani saamraajyam koolipoyindi. 8 nunchi 10 va sathabdam varku Uttar bharatadesa niyanthranaku muudu raajavamsaalu pooti paddai: malwaa gurjara pratihaarulu, bengal paalaa rajavamsam, dakkanuku chendina raashtrakootulu. seenaa rajavamsam taruvaata paala saamraajyampai niyanthrananu chaepattimdi; gurjara pratihaarulu chinna rajyaluga vidipooyaaru.aarambhakaala rajaputra raajyasthaapakulalo malwaa paramaraalu, chandelalu, bundel khandu prajalu, mahakosala kalachurilu, Haryana thomaraalu, rajaputana chouhaanulu unnare. paaschaatya chalukyas raashtraakutaanu vileenam cheskunnaru. 11 va sathabdam loo modati rajaraja choluni kaalamlo chola saamraajyam pradhaana shakthigaa udbhavinchindi. modati rajarajacholudu 11 va sataabdhamlo aaganeya asiya, srilanka bhagala medha vijayavantamga daadi Akola. vaayavya bhaaratamlo saadhichina aadhikhyata usa.sha.625 nundi usa.sha. 1003 varku konasaaginchina kashmiiri karakota vamsalo chakraverthy lalitaditya muktapeeda (usa.sha.724 usa.sha. 760) prakhtaati gadinchadu. karakota taruvaata lohara vansha adhikaaramlooki vacchindi. rajataranginilo kalahana Uttar bhaaratadaesamloe, Madhya aasiyaalo tiivramaina seinika poraataalaku raju lalitaditya prateekagaa unnadani kalhana rajataranginilo perkonnaadu.Sunil Fotedar (June 1984). The Kashmir Series: Glimpses of Kashmiri Culture – Vivekananda Kendra, Kanyakumari (p. 57). 7 va sathabdam madhyakalam nundi 11 va sathabdam modhal varku hinduism shahi rajavamsam turupu aafghanisthaan, Uttar paakisthaan, Kashmir praantaala Madhya praantaanni paalincharu. orissalo turupu ganges saamraajyam adhikaaramlooki vacchindi; hinduism silpakalha abhivruddiki prassiddhi chendina jagganath alayam, Konark suryah alayam nirminchabaddaayi. alaage kala, sahithya pooshakulugaa prassiddhi chendhaaru. chaalukya saamraajyam 6 va, 12 va shataabdaala Madhya kaalamlo dakshinha, Madhya bharatadesa praantaalo adhika bhaganni chaalukhyavamsam paalinchindi. yea kaalamlo varu muudu vyaktigata rajavamsaalugaa paripaalinchaaru. 6 va sathabdam madhyakalam nundi vaataapi (adhunika Badami) "Badami chalukyas" ani pilavabadina mottamodati rajavamsam chetha paalinchabadindi. banavasi kadamba saamraajyam ksheenatha taruvaata Badami chalukyas swatantrayam chatukovadam praarambhinchaaru. rendava pulakesi palana samayamlo viiru praachuryamloki vachcharu. dakshinha bharatadesa charithraloo chaalukyula paalana mukhyamaina mailurayiga undi Karnataka charithraloo ooka svarna yugaaniki chihnamgaa Pali. Badami chaalukyula aadhipatyamtho dakshinha bhaaratadaesamloe rajakeeya vaataavaranam chinna samrajyala nundi peddha saamrajyamgaa marindi. kauvery, narmade nadula Madhya unna motham praantaanni ooka dakshinha bharatadesa-aadhaaritha saamraajyam niyantrinchi yekikrutam chesindi. yea saamraajyam abhivruddhi samardhavanthamaina paripalana, videsi vaanijyam abhivruddhi, nuuthana Gaya vaastu shilpam ("chalukyuyan arkhitekture" ani piluvabadinadhi)abhivruddhi cheyabaddaayi. usa.sha. 550 - usa.sha. 750 Madhya kaalamlo chaalukya chakravartulu dakshinha, Madhya bharathadesamlooni karnaatakalooni Badami nundi, taruvaata usa.sha. 970 - usa.sha. 1190 Madhya kalyaani nundi paalincharu. gujaraatuloni chaulukya rajavamsam chaalukyula shaakhalalo okati. vaari rajadhani anilvara (adhunika Patan, Gujarat) usa.sha. 1000 loo 1,00,000 janasankhyatho sampradaayakaala bhaaratadaesamloe idi athipedda nagaralalo okatiga undedi. rastrakoota saamraajyam 753 chuttuu dantidurgaa sthapinchabadindhi. rashtrakuta saamraajyam manyakhetanu rajadhani cheesukuni dadapu remdu shataabdaala kaalam paalinchindi. raashtrakootulu uttaraana ganges nadi, yamunaa nadi doab nundi dakshinhaana kep comorin varku raajya vistarana chessi nirmaanaalu, prasidha sahithya rachanala abhivruddhi chesaru."Mathematical Achievements of Pre-modern Indian Mathematicians", Putta Swamy T.K., 2012, chapter=Mahavira, p.231, Elsevier Publications, London, yea rajavamsam praarambha paalakulu hinduumataanni aacharinchi taruvaata jainamatanche balamga prabhaavitamayyaaru. rajavamsam utpatthi chosen sudeerghakaala rajaparamparalo 64 samvastaralu paalana saaginchina amoghavarsha kavirajamaarga rachana Akola. idi praarambha qannada kavitvamgaa prasamsinchabadindi. dravida style vaastusilpam ooka mailuraayiki chaerukumdi. elloraaloni kailasanath aalayamloo idi atythama udaharanaga nilichimdi. itara mukhyamaina nirmaanaalaloo kaasiivishvanata alayam, karnaatakaloni pattadakal oddha unna jaina naryana alayam praadhaanyata vahisthunnaayi. rastrakoota saamraajyaanni prapanchamlooni nalaugu goppa saamrajyaalalo okatiga arrab yaatrikudu sulaiman varninchadu. rastrakoota kaalamlo dakshinha bhartiya ganita shaasthramlo svarna yugam prarambhamaindi. goppa dakshinaadi bhartia ganita saastrajnudu mahaaveera rastrakoota saamraajyamlo nivasinchaadu. aayana rachanalu atani tarwata nivasinchina madhyayuga dakshinha bhartia ganita saastravettalapai bhaaree prabavam choopindi. rastrakoota paalakulu uttharalu vraayadamloo prassiddhi chendhaaru. viiru samskrutam, apabramsa vento vividha bhashalalo leekhalu vraasaaru. gurjara- pratihara saamraajyam indus nadhiki turupu vaipu arrab sainyaalanu nilipi unchadamlo gurjara prateehaarulu mukhyapaatra poeshimchaaru. bharathadesamlooni califet poraataalalo nagabhatta arrab sienyaanni odimchaadu. rendava nagabhattu paalanaloe Uttar bhaaratadaesamloe gurjara-prateehaara vansha athantha saktivantamaina raajavamsamgaa marindi. atani koduku rambhadra konthakaalam paalinchina taruvaata aayana kumarudu mihira bhojudu palana baadhyatalu sweekarinchadu. bhoja aayana varasudu modati mahendrapali paalanaloe pratihara samrajya sakta sikharaagram chaerukumdi. mahendrapala kaalam natiki paschima sarihaddulo simdhu nundi thuurpuna bengalu, uttaraana unna himalayas, dakshinhaana narmade varku unna praantaalaku gupta saamraajyam vistarimchimdi. yea vistarana bhartia upakhandamloe niyanthrana koraku rastrakoota, paala saamraajyaalato ooka traipaakshika sakta poraataanni prerepinchindi. yea kaalamlo imperially pratihara raajulu aaryavaata maharajadhira (bharathadesamlooni goppa raajula raju) birudaalakrutulayyaaru. 10 va sathabdam natiki gujara-pratiharas yokka taatkaalika balaheenathalanu upayoegimchukuni malwaa paaraamaraalu, bundelkhandloni chandelalu, mahakosala kalachurilu, haryaanaaloni tomaraslu, chouhaanulu vento rapuputra raajulu swantantram prakatinchaaru. paalaa - saamraajyam modati gopala paalaa saamraajyaanni stapinchadu. idi buddhist raajavamsamgaa bhartiya upakhandamloni turupu praantamlooni bengalu nundi paalinchindi. shashanka gauda raajyam patanam taruvaata paalaalu bengaalunu tirigi samaikhya paricharu. paalaalu bouddhamatamlooni mahaayaana, tantric paatasaalalanu anusarinchaaru. ivi saivijam, vaishnavijaanni kudaa prothsahinchaayi. paalaa aney padhaniki "rakshakudu" ani ardam. paalaa chakravartulandari paerlaku mugimpugaa paalaa upayoginchabadindi. dharmapala, devpala crinda yea saamraajyam sikharaagraaniki chaerukumdi. dharmapala kanaujunu jayinchi vaayavya bhaaratadaesamloe saamraajyaanni vistarimchaadu. paalaa saamraajyam anek vidhaaluga bengalu swarnayugam pariganhinchabadutundi. dharmapala vikramaasheela nanda vishwavidyaalayaanni stapinchadu. charithraloo namoodhaina modati goppa vishwavidyaalayaalalo nalandaviswavidyalayam okati. paalaa samrajya poeshanhaloo pataakasthaayiki chaerukumdi. paalaa chakravartulu anek bouddhavihaaralanu kudaa nirminchaaru. varu agneyasia, teebet deshaalatho sannihitha samskruthika, vyapara sanbandhaalanu konasagincharu. paalaa saamraajyam sampadaku samudra vaanijyam jodinchabadindi. arabbu viyabari sulaiman tana gnaapakaalalo paalaa sainyamtho apaaramaina vivaralanu perkonnaadu. chola saamraajyam usa.sha. 9 va sathabdam madhyakaalamloo madhyayuga choolhulu praachuryamloki vachcharu. varu dakshinha bhaaratadaesamloe goppa saamraajyaanni stapincharu. varu thama paalanaloe dakshinha bharatadesanni samaikhyaparachadamlo vijayamsaadhinchaaru. vaari saktivantamaina nouka dalamto srivijaya vento aaganeya asiya deeshalaloo vaari prabhavanni vistarinchaaru. modati rajaraja choolhudu, atani vaarasulaina modati rajendra choolhudu, rajadhiraja choolhudu, veerarajendra choolhudu, modati kulothunga choolhudu paalanaloe rajavamsam dakshinasiya, aaganeya aasiyaalo seinika, aardika, samskruthika shakthigaa marindi.: The Cholas were in fact the most successful dynasty since the Guptas ... The classic expansion of Chola power began anew with the accession of Rajaraja I in 985. modati rajendra choluni naukaadalaalanu marinta vistarimchi barma nundi viyatnaam varku unna samudrateera praanthaalatho Andaman, Nicobar Islands, lakshdweep dweepaalu, sumathra, agneyasia, maleshia dvepakalpam vento samudra tiiraalanu akraminchadu. nuuthana samrajya modati rajendra choluni naayakatvamlo turupu aasiyaaloni srivejaya samudrateerapraanta samrajya nagarala akramana chessi chainato rayabara kaaryaalayaalanu konasaaginchaadu. srilanka rajakeeya vyavaharaalloe varu remdu shataabdaala paatu aadhipathyam chelaayinchaaru. paschimaana arabbulu, thuurpuna chainiyula saamraajyamto varu vyapara sambandhaalu konasagincharu. modati rajaraja choolhudu taruvaata aayanatho samaanamgaa vishishtata sadhinchina kumarudu rajendra choolhudu dakshinha bhaaratadaesam mottaniki rajakeeya samaikhyata sadhinchi chola saamraajyaanni gouravaneeyamaina samudra shakthigaa stapincharu. choolhula aadhvaryamloo dakshinha bhaaratadaesam kala, matham, saahityamlo unnanatha sthaayiki chaerukumdi. devalayala nirmaanamlo raati, kamsyala silpakalha bhaaratadaesamloe munupennaduu saadhinchananta ettuko chaerukumdi. paschima chaalukya saamraajyam 10 va - 12 va shataabdaala madhyakaalamloo paaschaatya chaalukya saamraajyam dakshinha bhaaratadaesam, paschima dakkanu praantaalanu paalinchindi. chaalukya niyantranalo uttaraana narmade nadi, dakshinhaana kauvery nadi Madhya vistaaramaina pranthalu unnayi. yea kaalamlo dhakkan, hoyasilalu, devagiri seena yadavlu, kaakateeya rajavamsam, dakshinha kalachurilu itara peddha paalakulu paaschaatya chaalukyula anucharulugaa undevaaru. 12 va sataabdamloo dviteeyaardhamlo chaalukya sakta ksheeninchina taruvaata Bara varu swatantrulayyaaru. paaschaatya chalukyas silpakalha sailini abhivruddhi chesar. praarambha chaalukya rajavamsam Gaya, taruvaata hoysala samrajya Gaya Madhya ooka nirmaana sambandam Pali. madya karnatakalo tungabadra nadhii teerapraantaalalo anek chola kattadalu unnayi. lakundi oddha unna kashivishweshwara deevaalayam, kuruvaatilooni mallikarjun deevaalayam, bagali loni kaleshwara alayam, haveriloni siddeswara deevaalayam, itaagilooni mahaadheva deevaalayam induku udaharanaga unnayi. dakshinha bhaaratadaesamloe jargina sunnitamaina kalaabhivruddhilo idi mukyamainadhi. pratyekinchi paschima chaalukya raajulu qannada bashalo, samskrutam bhashalalo rachayitalaku, tatvavettalaku, basava vento raajaneetignudu, rendava baskara vento goppa ganita shaasthrajnulaku prothsaham andichaaru.Bilhana by Prabhakar Narayan Kawthekar, p. 29 bhartia upakhandamloe aarambhakaala islam dhadulu bhartiya upakhandaanni aakraminchadam muslimla praarambha aakaankshalalo okati ayinappatikee taruvaata adi kashtataramainadigaa gurtinchindani praarambha islaamik sahityam suchisthundi. parshiyaanu aakraminchhina taruvaata arabu umayyadu califate 720 loo pratuta afghanistan, paakisthaan deshaallo bhaagamgaa Akola. cree.poo. 712 loo muslim sainyadhyakshudu mahammadhu bean khaasim atyadhikamaina indus praantaanni (pratuta pakistan) umayyadu saamraajyam koraku jayinchi us- sidhu provimsugaa ruupomdimchi danki all- mamsuraanu rajadhaanigaa Akola. anek durakramanala taruvaata indasku thuurpuna unna hinduism raajulu umaayyadu poraataala dwara arabbulanu odinchi vaari vistarananu pakistan simdh oddha nilipaaru. 8 va sathabdam praarambhamlo rendava chaalukya saamraajyaaniki chendina rendava vikramaaditya, pratihara rajavamsaaniki chendina modati nagabhatta, guhilat rajavamsaaniki chendina bappa raval arabbu aakramanadaarulanu tippikottaaru. shataabdaala kaalamlo Uttar upakhandam (pratuta afghanistan, paakisthaan) praantaallo videsi, kotthaga matamarpidi chendina raajaputrulu palu sultanetlu stapincharu. 10 va sathabdam nunchi sindhunu rajaput somra rajavamsam paalincharu. taruvaata 13 va sathabdam madhyakaalamloo rajaput samra rajavamsam chetha paalinchabadindi. adanamga muslim vartakulu dakshinabhaarateeya paschimasamudratira praantaalaloo susampannata sadhincharu. pradhaanamgaa viiru chinna sankhyalo arabian dvepakalpam nundi vachcharu. judaism, kraistava matham taruvaata mudava matamgaa abrahamic Madhya praachya matham parichayam cheyabadindhi. 11 va shathabda praarambhamlo gajani mahamood pradhaanamgaa Uttar bhartia vupa kandam medha 17 sarlu daadi cheesinappatikii praantaalaloo "saswata rajyamunu" sthaapinchataaniki prayatninchaledu. 11 va sathabdam praarambhamlo shraavasti suhaldev ghajnavid genaral ghaji saiyad salar masudnu odinchi, champaadu. hinduism shahi 3 va sathabdam tolinaatiki kushan saamraajyam patanam taruvaata kaabul shahilu kaabul loeya, gandhara (adhunika pakistan, afgionistan)nu paalincharu. shahis kaalam saadharanamga remdu kaalaalugaa vibhajinchabadindhi. buddhist shahilu, hinduism shahilu, sumaarugaa cree.poo. 870 samayamlo maarpu sambhavinchinadani bhavistunaaru. cree.poo. 565 - cree.poo. 670 varku kaabul shahan ( ratbel‌shahan) ani pilustharu. viiti raajadhaanulu kapisa, kaabuulaloo taruvaata udabhandapura (hund) kothha rajadhaanulugaa unnayi. : The Hindu Shahis, and in the late ninth century great was [their fame] ... in 870 Kabul itself was captured [lost] ... But in the Panjab they consolidated their kingdom and established a new capital first at Hund. jayapala aadhvaryamloni hinduism shahis pratuta turupu aafghanisthaan, paakisthaan praanthamlo ghajanavidsu nundi saamraajyaanni kaapaadadaaniki saaginchina poraataalaku prassiddhi chendhaaru. jayapala gajnavidula ekikaranalo pramaadamu grahinchi vaari rajadhani nagaramina gajni medha sebuctisin paalanaloe okasari, muslim ghajnavidu, hinduism shaahee poraataalanu praarambhinchina atani koduku mahmood paalanaloe okasari daadi Akola. ayithe sebuk taigin atanini odimchaadu falithamgaa aayana nashtapariharam chellinchaalsina vacchindi. jayapala cheyllinpu radduchesi marosari yuddhabhoomiki cherukunnaadu. ayithe jayapala kabul loeya, simdhu nadi Madhya motham praantampai niyanthrananu kolpoyadu. jayapalula poraataaniki mundhu aayana puunjabi hindus peddha sienyaanni abhivruddhi Akola. jayapala panjaabu praantaaniki vellinappudu aayana sainyamloe 1,00,000 ashwadalam, anek mandhi padaati dalaanni abhivruddhi Akola. sainikulanu pemchimdi. ferishta abhipraayamlo: Hansi aemayinappatikee paaschaatya dhaalaala medha mukhyamgaa gajni yuva mahmudu vaipu sainyamtho neraasaku guraindi. 1001 samvatsaramlo sulthan mahamood adhikaaramlooki vachi hinduism kushki uttaraana unna kwaarakhanidhulanu swaadheenam cheskunna ventane jayapala marosari ghajnipai daadi chessi peshaavar sameepamloni saktivantamaina gajnavid dalaalache mro ootamini edurkonnadu. peshaavar iddam tarwata athanu aatmahatya chesukunadu. endhukante shaahisulaku aayana vipattu, avamaanam tecchipettaadani prajalu bhaavimchadam ndhuku kaaranam. jayapala taruvaata aayana kumarudu aanandapaala palana baadhyatalu chepattaadu. taruvaata vacchina itara shahilu ghajanavidulaku vyatirekamga chosen palu poraataalu apajayam pondaayi. hinduism paalakulu chivaraku Kashmir shivalik parvataalaku tarali vellaaru. madhyayuga dviteeyaardham (cree.poo 1200 – 1526) madhyayuga dveeteeyaardhakaalamlo Madhya asiya jatiiyula muslim vamsaala kaaranamgaa praamtiya pramukhulu edurkonna samasyalaku prateekagaa Pali.idi mulim aakramanalanu raajaputrulu addaginchadaaniki dhaaritheesindhi. idi hinduism, muslim raajavamsaalu, samrajyala abhivruddhi kothha seinika saanketikata vyuuhaala abhivruddhiki dhaaritheesindhi. bakthi vudyamam, sikkism abhivruddhi chendhaayi. muslim janasakhyaabhivruddhi turqey muslim sainikaadhikaari " mahammadhu bakhtiar khilji " beehaarulo bouddhasanyaasula saamuuhika hatyakanda cheyinchaadu. khilji saaginchina Uttar india daadulaloo nalandaa, vikramashila vishvavidyaalayalu dhwamsham cheyabaddaayi. indhulo braahmanha, buddhist vidyaardhulu samuhikamga hathyacheyabaddaaru.]] charithraloo sthirapadina itara vyavasaya samajalalaga bhartiya upakhandamloe unnavaari sudeergha charithraloo vaari medha samchaara tegalavaaru daadi chesar. vupa-khandamlo islam prabhavanni vislaeshistuu vayuvya bhartia upakhandam tarachugaa Madhya asiya nundi dhadulaku lakshyangaa undani vivarinchabadindi. aa koonamloo muslimla chorabaatlu, muslim damdayaatralu 1 va sahasraabdi samayamlo jargina muttadiki bhinnangaa unnayi. ayithe muslimla chorabaatlanu, taruvaata muslim dandayaatralanu bhinnamainadigaa cheppalantey mundati aakramanadaarula vale kakunda muslim vijethalu saamaajika vyavasthaloo thama islaamik gurtimpunu nilupukunnaru. nuuthanamgaa chattaparamyna, paripalana vyavasthalanu srushtinchaaru. idi saadharanamga anek sandarbhaallo muslim-yetara prajala sonta chattaalu, aacharalaku vadiliveyabadinappatiki, muslim-vyatireka pratyarthulanu, saamuuhika prajaaneekaanni idi prabhaavitam chesindi. varu pravesapettina kothha samskruthika sanketaalu appatike unna samskruthika sanketalaku purtiga bhinnangaa unnayi. idi ooka nuuthana bhartia samskruthi puroogathiki dhaari teesindi. idi prachina bhartiya samskruthi, adhunika paaschaatyeekarana chendina bhartia samskrutikee bhinnangaa Pali. adae samayamlo bhaaratadaesamloe unna muslimlu adhikanga matammaarchukunna bhartia santatiki chendina varu unnare. yea amsham samskrutula samsleshanalo kudaa mukhya patra pooshinchindi. muslim saamraajyam abhivruddhi shathruvula rajyala rajakeeya praamukhyata kaligina devalayas vidhvamsam cheyabaddaayi. prajalu islam mataniki balavantamgaa marchabaddaru. jijia pannu cheyllinpu, muslim-kanni janaba praanalu kolpoyae paristiti eduraindi. aline danielu gurtincharu: muslimulanu raajaputrulu addaginchuta bhartiya upakhandamloe muslim dandayaathrala mundhu Uttar, paschima bhaaratadaesamloe adhika bhaganni rajaput raajavamsaalu palinchayi. bharathadesamlooni umaayyadu poratamtho arrab muslim vistarananu addukovadamlo raajaputrulu, dakshinha bhartiya chaalukya rajavamsam vijayavantamayyaayi. taruvaata Madhya asiya muslim tarkulu uttarapradesh hinduism matamloki rajput rakshananhu cheelchukuni kendrasthaanaaniki praveshincharu. ayinappatikee raajaputrulu anek sataabdaalugaa muslim turkic saamraajyaalapai daadi konasagincharu. saampradaayangaa balamaina kattubaatlalo paatukupoyina dhairyamaina pravartana vidhanalanu paatistuu varu poraatam konasagincharu. 10 va sataabdamloo rajaputra chouhan rajavamsam Delhi, ajmeerula medha niyanthrananu nelakolpindi. yea raajavamsamlo athantha prasidha paalakudu prithiviraj chouhan. atani paalana bhartiya charithraloo athantha mukhyamaina sanghatanalalo okatiga gurthinchabadindi. aayana muslim sulthan muhammadu ghoritho pooraadaadu. modati tarian yuddamlo gory bhaaree nashtamtho odipoyadu. ayinappatikee tharuvaathi tarian iddam raj putt sainya ootami bhaaratadaesamloe muslim paalanaku punaadi vesindhi. maharaja hamir aadhvaryamloo mewar rajavamsam moghal tuglakunu, atani pradhaana mitraraajulaina bargujaraatulato odinchi aayananu khaidu Akola. tughluq vidudalaku chellinchina bhaaree moolyamlo mevaaru bhoomulu unnayi. yea ghatana taruvaata Delhi sultanetu konni vandala samvastaralu chittoorupai daadi cheyaladu. raajaputrulu vaari swaatantraanni tirigi stapincharu. bengalu, uttaraana panjaabulo chaaala rajaputra rajyalau sthaapinchabaddaayi. tomarlu gwaliorlo raajyam stapincharu. man sidhu tomar tirigi nirmimchina Gwalior kota ippatikee Pali. yea kaalamlo mevaaru pramukha rajaputra rashtramgaa udbhavinchindi. rana kumbh malwaa, Gujarat sultanates kharchutho tana raajyaanni vistarinchaaru.Lectures on Rajput history and culture by Dr. Dasharatha Sharma. Publisher: Motilal Banarsidass, Jawahar Nagar, Delhi 1970. . tadupari goppa rajaputra paalakudu (mevaaru) raanaa sanaga Uttar bhaaratadaesamloe pradhaana patra poeshimchaadu. atani lakshyaalu paridhi vruddhi chendhaayi - athanu aa samayamlo dhillini paalisthunna muslim palakulanu jayinchaalani nirnayinchukunnaadu. ayithe khanwa yuddamlo atani ootami bhaaratadaesamloe kothha moghul raajavamsaanni samaikhyam chesindi. maharana uday singhu aadhvaryamloo mevaaru rajavamsam mughalu chakraverthy akbaru chetilo odipoya vaari rajadhani chittorulo pattubaddaadu. yea sangatana kaaranamgaa rendava uday singhu udayapuurunu stapinchadu. idi mewar rajyaniki kothha rajadhaanigaa marindi. atani kumarudu mevaaru maharana prataapu moghalulanu gattiga vyatirekinchaaru. akbaru atanaki vyatirekamga anek maarlu sainyaalanu pampinchadu. chivariki chittor kota minahayinchi mevaaru loni anni prantalapai niyanthrana saadhimchaadu. chittoru kota bhartiya upakhandamloe athipedda kotaga pariganhinchabadutundi. yea kota 15 va - 16 va sataabdaalaloo muslim sainyaala daadulanu muudu sarlu edurkonna rajaputra nirodhakataku chihnamgaa marindi. 1303 loo allavuddin khalji rana rattan singunu odimchaadu. 1535 loo gujaraatu sultanetu bahadhur shaw bickramjit singunu odimchaadu. 1567 loo akbaru maharana rendava uday singunu odimchaadu. aayana kootanu vadili udayapuurunu stapinchadu. pratisaarii purushulu satruvulanu poraadutuu kota godala nundi satruvulanu parugettistuu dhairyamga poradi chivaraku odipoyaru. yea ootami taruvaata chittoru ghade kotaloo yudhaalloo chanipoyina rajaputra sainikulaku bharyalu, pillalu anekamandi zauhar kattubadi aathmaahuthi cheskunnaru. modhatisaarigaa 1303 loo jargina yuddamlo champabadina raaramsingu bhaarya raanee padhmini, aa taruvaata 1537 loo raanee karnanaavati aathmaahuthi cheskunnaru. Delhi saltanat - (saltanat  = sultaanula paripalana rajyamu) charitrakaarudu dr. orr.p. tripathi ila perkonnaadu: Delhi kendramga paalinchina Delhi saltanat lu muslim saltanat luga palu turko-indiyanu raajavamsaalu, pathaanu santatiki chendina anek raajavamsaalu palinchayi. 13 va sathabdam nundi 16 va sathabdam varku bhartiya upakhandamloni adhika bhuubhaagaanni paalinchindi. bhaaratadaesamloe abhivruddhi chendutunna Delhi saltanat dakshinasiya, paschimaasiyaalato cherina asiya khandanni vistrutamgaa prabhaavitam chesindi. Madhya asiya sophana bhoobhaagam nundi sanchaarajaatulaku chendina turkic prajala pravaaham modaliendi. madhyapraachyamlo islaamik califrate pathyarthi raajyaalaloni muslim paalakulu muslimetarulaina samchaara turkeylanu baanisalugaa maarchadam modalupettinappudu vaariloo chaaala mandhi nammakamaina seinika baanisalugaa (maamlulu) maaradam modaliendi. 9 va sataabdaaniki maamlulu ani piluvabadina viiru twaralone muslim bhoomulaku valasa vachi islamiyah raajyamlo bhaagamgaa maararu. anek turqey mamluku banisalu chivariki palakuluga edigi muslim prapamcham peddha bhagalanu swaadheenam cheskunnaru. bhartiya upakhandam medha thama drhushtini maralchataaniki mundhu eejiptu nundi aafghanisthaan varku mamluk saltanat lanu stapincharu. 12 va - 13 va sataabdaalaloo madya asiya tarkulu Uttar bhaaratamlo konni praantaallo daadi chessi hinduism chakravartula aadheenamlo unna dhilliini swaadheenam cheesukuni Delhi saltanat nu stapincharu. tharuvaathi banisa rajavamsam dhilliini kendramga cheesukuni Uttar bharathadesamlooni peddha praantaalanu jayinchagaligaaru. khiilji rajavamsam chaalaavaraku Madhya bharatadesanni swaadheenam chesukundi. dakshinha bharathadesamlooni pradhaana hinduism saamrajyaalu saamantaraajyalugaa maradaniki idi dhaaritheesindhi. ayinappatikee varu bhartiya upakhandaanni jayinchi samaikyam cheyadamlo vijayavantam kaledhu. saltanat bhartia samskruthika punaruddaranhaku konthakaalam upayogapadindi. falithamgaa "indo-muslim" samskrutula kalayikatho nirmaanam, sangeetam, sahityam, matham, vastraalalo saasvatamaina synchronic smaraka chihnaalanu erparachabaddayi. Delhi sultaanula kaalamlo parsiyanlu, turkic, geramny bhaasha matlade valasadhaarulu stanika samskrutha, praakrutam stanika matladevaritho kalisina falithamgaa urdoo bhaasha (vividha turkic mandalikalalo "gumpu" ledha "shibiram" ani ardam) zaninchindi. rajiyaa sulthana (1236-1240) vento mahilhaa paalakulu unna ekaika indo-islaamik saamrajyamgaa Delhi saltanat pratyekata santarinchukundi. yedemaina, Delhi sultanet kudaa bhartia upakhandamloe peddha ettuna vidhvamsam, alayala apavitrataparachadaaniki kaaranamgaa nilichimdi. Delhi saltanat kaalamlo bhartia nagarikatha, islaamik nagarikatha Madhya ooka samshleshana jargindi. tharuvaathi bahulha-samskruthika samajam visthrutha antarjaateeya netvarkulu saamaajika, aardika vyavasthalatho sahaa, afro-eurasia bhuubhaalanu vistarimchimdi. idi vastuvulu, prajalu, saanketikatalu, aalochanlu okaritoo okaru panchukodaniki sahakarinchindhi. bhartia kuleenula nundi turkic muslim kuleenulaku adhikaaram badilee cheyabadindhi. perugutunna prapancha vyavasthaku bhartia upakhandaanni anusandhaaninchadaaniki Delhi saltanat badyatha vahinchimdi. idi bhartia samskruthini gananiyamaina sthaayiloo prabhaavitam chessi visthrutha antarjaateeya netvarkugaa roopondindi. 13 va sataabdamloo mangolu saamraajyam asiya, turupu airopaloni chaaala praantaalanu aakraminchukuni swaadheenam chesukundi. ayithe bharatadesa Delhi saltanat mangolu dandayaatranu vijayavantamga tippikottindi. turkic mamluk banisa sainyamtho vaari vijayaaniki mukhya kaaranamgaa Pali. mangola vento samchaara ashwikadala yuddhanaipunhyamlo turqey mamlukulu aaritherina varu kanuka yea vision sadhyam ayindhi. mangolulanu Delhi saltanat nu tippikottakunda vunte mangolu saamraajyam bhaaratadaesamloe vistarimchadaaniki avaksam Pali. Madhya aasiyaaloni turko-mangon vijaeta taimuru (tamerlane) Uttar Delhi Kota loni tuglaku rajavamsam sulthan naasir-yu din mehmudu medha daadi chesudu. 1398 decemberu 17 na sultaanu sainyamtho oodipooindi. taimuru dhilliiki cherukuni muudu roojulu pagalu, raathrulu doopidii chessi nagaramlo vidhvamsam srushtimchi shidhilaalanu vadilivesaaru. saayisaidu vidvaansulu, "itara muslimlu" (kalaakaarulu) tappa migilina motham nagaranni dochukovalani taimuru adesinchadu. okka roojuloo 100,000 yuddha khaidilu champabaddaaru. Delhi tholagimpu taruvaata saltanat nu gananeeyamgaa badhinchabadi lodi rajavamsa paalanaloe konthakaalam punaruddharinchabadindi. bakthi vudyamam, sikkism, himalayan buddhijam madhyayuga hinduism matham nundi bakthi vudyamam talettindi. taruvaata idi sikku mathamloo viplavaatmakamgaa marindi. idi dakshinha bhaaratadaesamloe (prasthutham TamilNadu, Kerala praantaalaloo)7 va sataabdamloo udbhavinchi uttaramvaipu vyaapinchindi. 15 va nundi 17 va sathabdam madhyakaalamloo turupu, Uttar bharatadesallo idi vistarimchimdi. bakthi vudyamam vaishnavism (vyshnu), saivijam (sheva), shaaktheyam (sakta devatala), smartism vento vaervaeru devullu, devatala chuttuu praantaalavaareegaa abhivruddhi chendhindhi.SS Kumar (2010), Bhakti – the Yoga of Love, LIT Verlag Münster, , pages 35–36 yea kadalika anek mandhi kavi-sanyaasula krushitho marinta spurthi pondindi. veetilo visthrutha sthaayiloo dwaita, adwaita vaedaanta siddhaamtaalu unnayi. sikkumataaniki modati guru naanaku prasamgaalu aadhaaramga unnayi. sikkumatam padhimandhi sikku guruvula aadyatmika bodhanala medha aadhaarapadindi. 10 va guruvu maranam taruvaata guru govindh singhu sikku gramtham " guru granth saahibu " sikkulaku aadyatmika maargadarsigaa panichaesae saasvatamaina, vastavika guru sahithya swaruupamgaa marindi.William James (2011), God's Plenty: Religious Diversity in Kingston, McGill Queens University Press, , pages 241–242 bhaaratadaesamloe bouddhamatam himalya raajyaalaina naamgyaalu raajyam (ladhak), Sikkim raajyam (Sikkim), madhyayuga kaalam aati chutia raajyamlo (arunachal Pradesh) abhivruddhi chendhindhi. vijayanagar saamraajyam 1336 loo modati harihara, atani sodharudu modati bukka raya vijayanagar saamraajyaanni stapincharu. idi hoysala samrajya, kaakateeya saamraajyam, pandian samrajyala rajakeeya vaarasatvamgaa udbhavinchindi. 13 va sathabdam mugisenatiki dakshinha bhaarataanni islamiyah dandayaathrala nundi rakshinche shakthigaa yea saamraajyam praachuryamloki vacchindi. 1565 loo dakkanu sultanetla misrama sainyaala chetilo bhaaree seinika ootami tarwata dani sakta ksheeninchinappatikii kudaa idi 1646 varku konasaagindi. yea saamraajyaaniki dani rajadhani nagaramina Vizianagaram peruu pettabadindi. deeni shidhilaalu prasthutham hampini chuttuu kanipisthunataayi. ippudu idi Karnataka rashtramlo " prapancha vaarasatva sampadha "gaaa gurtinchabadutundi. saamraajyam sthaapinchina modati remdu dasaabdaalaloo modati harihararaayalu tungabadra nadhiki dakshinamlo athyadhika bhoobhaagam medha niyanthrana saadhimchaadu. purvapaschima samuudridhiswaara ("turupu, paschima samudrala adipati") perunu sampaadinchaadu. 1374 natiki modati harihararayudi varasudu arcota, kondaveedu reddy, Mathura sultaanu, pashchimamloo govapai niyanthrana sadhinchi, uttaraana tungabadra-krishna nadi doyabulanu adhigaminchaadu. vijayanagar saamraajyam taruvaata saamrajyamgaa marindi. modati bukkara rayuni rendava kumarudu rendava harihararaayudu krishna nadini adhiga minchi raajyaanni marinta vistarimchi dakshinha bhaaratadaesam mothanni vijayanagar chchatrapu needaloki tisukuni vachadu. tadupari paalakudu modati daeva rayadu orissa gajapatulaku vyatirekamga vision sadhinchi kotalanu nirmimchi, neetipaarudala vento mukhyamaina panini chepattaadu. italian yaatrikudu nikolo di konti aayananu bhaaratadaesamloe athantha saktivantamaina palakuniga perkonnaadu. rendava dhevaa raaya (gajabetikara ani pilichevaaru) sinhaasanam 1424 loo sangama rajavamsam paalakulu athantha saamardhyatato paalana chesaru. aayana tirugubatu chosen chhandasavasa prabhuvulanu, alaage collicut jamorene dakshinhaana kwilaanlanu tiraskarinchaadu. athanu srilanka dvepanni aakraminchi peguu, tanasserim oddha unna barma raajula medha aadhipathyam saadhimchaadu.Kamath (2001), p164 saamraajyam vaarasatvamgaa dakshinha bhaaratadaesam antataa vistarimchina anek smaarakanirmaanaalu unnayi. veetilo hampilooni nirmaana samuham prassiddhi chendhindhi. dakshinha bhaaratadaesamloe puurvapu aalaya nirmaana sampradaayalu vijayanagar shilpa style kalisipoyayi. anni viswaasaalu, mandalikalu kalisipovatam hinduism devalaya nirmaanamlo nuuthana aavishkarananu proothsahinchindi. modhata dakkanulo, tarwata stanika granite upayoginchi draavida sampradayamlo alayalu nirminchabaddaayi. keralalo vijayanagar saamraajyam rakshanalo dakshinha bhartia ganita shaastram abhivruddhi chendhindhi. 14 va sataabdamloo sangraamamaagraamaaku chendina dakshinha bhartiya ganita saastrajnudu maadhava prasidha " Kerala schul af astronomy und myaathametiksunu " stapinchadu. idi madhyayuga dakshinha bhaaratadaesamloe parameswara, nilakantha somayaji, jyeshtadeva vento goppa dakshinha bhartia ganita shaasthravetthalanu srushtinchindi. samardhavantamaina paripalana, balamaina videsi vaanijyam, neetipaarudala, neeti nirvahanha vyavasthalu vento nuuthana saankethika parignaanaalanu teesukuvachchaayi. qannada, telegu, tamilam, samskruthamloo crotha ettulanu cherukunnai. sunnitamaina kalalu, saahityaalanu saamraajyam pooshinchindi. Karnataka sangeetam pratuta roopam santarinchukundi. vijayanagar saamraajyam hinduism protsahinchadam dwara praantiiyavaadaanni adhigaminchindi dakshinabhaaratadesaanni samaikyam chesindi. shree krishnadevaraya paalanaloe saamraajyam dani sikharaaniki chaerukumdi. vijayanagar sienyaalu nirantharaayangaa vision sadhinchayi. Uttar dakkanu turupu dakkanu praantaalalooni kaalingato sahaa sultanetla crinda unna pranthalu saamraajyamto kalapabaddayi. adhesamayamloo dakshinapraantaalannim medha niyanthrananu konasaginchindi. krishnadevarayala kaalamlo anek mukhyamaina smaraka kattadalu nirmaanaapu punulu porthi cheesukunnayi. talikota iddam (1565) loo ootami taruvaata vijayanagar thiroogamanam modaliendi. tallikota yuddamlo aliya ramaraya maranam taruvaata tirumal daeva rayudu araveedu raajavamsamni praarambhinchi nasanam cheyabadina hampeeni vadili ooka nuuthana rajadhaanigaa penugondanu sthaapinchi vijayanagar saamraajyam avasheeshaalanu punahsthaapinchenduku prayatninchaaru. 1572 loo tirumal migilina raajyaanni tana muguru kumarulaku panchiyichi maranhinche varku (1578 loo ) aayana aadhyaatmikatanu aacharinchaadu. araveedu rajavamsam vaarasulu yea praantaanni paalincharu. yea saamraajyam bijaipur sultanetu, itarulato konasagina yuddhaala kaaranamgaa 1614 loo patanaavasthaku cherukuni 1646 loo mugisindhi. yea kaalamlo dakshinha bhaaratadaesamloe ekuva rajyalau vijayanagar nundi vidipoyi swatantramgaa maaraayi. veetilo mysur kingdam, keladi nayaka, Mathura naayaklu, tanjore naayaklu, Chitradurga naayakulu, jinge nayak raajyam - veetannintikee swatantrayam prakatinchaayi. vijayanagar saamraajyam dakshinha bhartiya deesha charithraloo gananiyamaina prabhavanni choopindi. praamtiya shakthulu 13 va sathabdam Madhya nundi remdunnara shataabdaala kaalam Uttar bhaaratadaesamloe raajakeeyaalanu Delhi sultanetu, dakshinha bhaaratadaesamloe vijayanagar saamraajyam aadhipathyam vahinchaayi. ayinappatikee itara praamtiya shakthulu kudaa balopetamgaa unnayi. reddy rajavamsam Delhi sultanetunu oodinchadamloo vision sadhinchi uttarabhaaratamlo Cuttack nundi dakshinabhaaratamlo kamchi varakuu thama palananu vistarimchi chivaraku vijayanagar saamraajyamlo vileenam cheyabadindhi. uttarabhaaratamlo rajaputra rajyalau paschima, Madhya bhaaratadaesamloe aadhipathya shakthigaa migilipoyayi. mevaaru raanaa rajaputanalo saktivantamaina hinduism rajaputra samakhya aadhipatyamlo rajaputra rajyalau samaikyasaktigaa nilichaayi. yea samayamlo rajaputra sienyaalu deali sultaanu sainyampai nirantharam vision sadhinchayi. dakshinaabhaaratamlo sthapinchabadina " bahamani sultanetu "nu ooka matammaarina brahmanudu ledha brahmanatvam patla gouravaadaraalu unna vyaktichaeta sthaapinchabadinanduna danki yea peruu vachindani bhavistunaaru. idi vijayanagar pradhaana prathyarthigaa vijayanagar saamraajyaaniki tarachu kashtalu srushtinchindi. 16 va sathabdam praarambhamlo vijayanagar saamraajyam krushnadevaraayalu bahmani sultanetu chivari saktiseshaanni odimchaaru. deeni taruvaata bahmani sultanetu patanam ayindhi. taruvaata idi 5 chinna dakkanu sultaanetlugaa vibhajinchabadindhi. 1490 loo ahmadu nagara swatantrayam prakatinchindhi. taruvaata samvatsaramlo beejapuru, berarlu swatamtram prakatinchaaru. golaconda 1518 loo swatamtram pondindi. 1528 loo bidaaru swatamtram prakatinchindhi. saadharanamga pratyarthulu ayinappatikee 1565 loo vijayanagar saamraajyaaniki vyatirekamga mitrapakshaalugaa samaikyamai " tallikota iddam " vijayanagar saamraajyam saswathamga balaheenapadindi. turupu bhagamlo gajapti saamraajyam praamtiya samskruthi, vaastusilpam vruddhitho balamaina praamtiya shakthigaa migilipoyindi. kapilendradevuni aadhipatyamlo gajapathulu saamraajyaanni uttarabhaaratamlo ganges nundi dakshinabhaaratamlo kaavaerii varku vistarinchaaru. eeshaanya bhaaratadaesamloe 6 sataabdaalugaa ahom raajyam ooka pradhaana shakthigaa Pali. lachit borfucan netrutvamlo ahomes " ahom-moghul gharshanala " samayamlo satighat yuddamlo moghul sienyaanni vanchanatho odimchaaru. eeshaanya bhaaratadaesamloe, turupu bhaaratadaesamloe unna manipuru raajyam kangla fortunu adhikaara kendramga cheesukuni paalinchindi. idi adunaatana hinduism gavudia vaishnava samskruthini abhivruddhi chesindi. aarambhakaala adhunika kaalam (usa.sha.1526 – 1858) bhartiya charithraloo tholi adhunika kaalam moghul vamsa vistarana,patana kaalamgaa ( 1526–1858 CE) pariganistaaru. yea kaalamlo hinduism, mahammadeeya samskruthika kalagalupugaa bhartiya-islamiyah vaastusilpam roopu diddukondi. ; maraataa saamraajyam, sikh saamraajyam vistarana, briteeshu paripalana praarambhamto antamaindi. moghalu saamraajyam 1526 loo ferghana loeya (adhunika ujbekistan) nundi taimuru vaarasudaina taimuridu baabaru, chenghis khan varasudu bobber, khaibar passes gunda payanimchi vachi moghul saamraajyaanni stapinchadu. indhulo pratuta aafghanisthaan, pakistan, bhaaratadaesam, bangladeshs bhaagamgaa undevi. atani kumarudu humayunu 1540 loo afghan yodhudu shere shaw suri chetilo odipoyadu. falithamgaa humayun kaabul vaipu tirugubatu cheeyavalasi vacchindi. shere shaw maranhinchina taruvaata atani kumarudu islam shaw suri, aayana hinduism sainyadhyakshudu hemu vikramaaditya 1556 loo Delhi kendramga Uttar bhaaratadaesamloe loukika palananu stapincharu. Delhi yuddamlo vision sadhinchina taruvaata akbar dhalaalu 1556 nevemberu 6 na rendava paanipattu yuddamlo hemunu odinchaayi. baabaru manavadu ayina goppa chakraverthy akbar dhi greeat hinduvulatoe manchi sambandhanni erparachataniki prayatninchaadu. jainamatam pavithra dinaallo akbar "amari" ledha janthuvulanu chanpakudadu ani prakatinchaadu. athanu muslimetarula choose jijia pannunu venakki teeskunnadu. moghul chakravartulu stanika raajakutumbaalato vivaaha sambandam yerparuchukuni stanika maharajalatho rajakeeya maitrini saadhimchaadu. puraathana bhartia shailulatho vaari turko-pertian samskruthini anusandhaaninchadaaniki prayatninchaadu. idi ooka pratyeka indo-percian samskruthi, indo-sarsenic nirmaanaanni srushtinchindi. akbar rajaputra yuvarani mareeyam-jumanini vivaham chesukunadu. variki janminchina jahangir rajput, moghal vaarasatvamto bavishyathu moghul chakraverthy ayadu. jahangir tana thandri vidhanaanni anusarinchaadu. 1600 natiki moghul rajavamsam bhartiya upakhandamloe adhika bhaganni paalinchindi. shahjahan paalana moghul nirmaanakalaku svarna yugam. aayana nirmimchina smaraka kattadaalalo athantha prasiddhamaina thaaj mahal (Agra), mothee maseedh, (Agra), erra kota, jama maseedh (Delhi), laahoor phort unnayi. moghul yugam "bhaaratadaesam chivari svarna yugam"gaaa pariganhinchabadindhi. idi bhartiya upakhandamloe unikilo unna rendava athipedda saamrajyamgaa Pali. prapancha aardika vyavasthaloo 24.4% niyatristuu chainanu venukaku nettindi. tayaareeloo prapancha pradhamasthaanamlo Pali. prapanchamloonee athipedda aardika shakthigaa chainanu adhigaminchindi. idi prapancha paarishraamika utpattilo 25% utpatthi chesthundu. moghul saamraajyam chepattina vyavasaayabhoomula samskaranhalu vyavasaya utpatthiki sahakarinchaayi. praarisraamika vidhanala paniteeru paarishraamika utpaadakata abhivruddhiki sahakarinchindhi. adhika stayi pattaneekarana vaipu mogguchuupadaaniki idi dhaaritheesindhi. moghul saamraajyam ourangajebu paalanaloe praadaesika vistaranalo athyunnatha sdhaanaaniki chaerukumdi. shivajee crinda maraataa sainyamtho punarujjivanam kaaranamgaa atani paalanaloe ksheenatha prarambhamaindi. charitrakaarudu sar. j.ene. J.N. shankaru " anni ourangajebu saadhinchinatlu kanipimchinappatikii vaasthavamgaa anni pogottukunnadu " ani vraasaadu. vinsentu smith yea vidhamgaa pratispandinchaadu: "dakkanu ourangajebu shareeraanike kakunda atani saamraajyaaniki kudaa smasaanamgaa marindani niruupinchabadindi. ourangazeb bharathadesapu athantha vivadhaspada rajuga pariganinchabadutunnaadu. aayana tana puurveekula kanna takuva sahanamtho jijaya pannunu punahpraarambhinchi anek chaarithraka devaalayaalanu nasanam Akola. adae samayamlo athanu nasanam chosen danikante ekuva hinduism devaalayaalanu nirmimchaadu. tana puurveekula kante tana samrajya adhikaara padavulaloo hindus adhikanga unnare. sunni muslimlu hindus, shia muslimlaku vyatirekamga dhvajamettaaru. Hansi aemayinappatikee tana puurveekula kante asahanam pradarsinchi saampradaayam anachivetaku, krooratvam pradharshisthoo, adhikaara kendrikarananu adhikaristuu tarachu vimarsalanu edurkonnadu. puurvapu chakravartula vale kakunda ourangazeb taruvaata rajavamsam patanaaniki peddha patra poeshimchi undavachani paluvuru bhavistunaaru. idi adhika sankhyalo hinduism janabhanu prabhaavitam chesindi. taruvaata saamraajyam kshininchindi. maraataalu, jaatlu, afghanla nundi edhurina dandayaathrala kaaranamgaa moghalulu anek debbalanu edhurkonnaru. moghul saamraajyam patanam samayamlo anek chinna rajyalau adhikaara shoonyathanu puurimchadaaniki prayathninchi tarugudalaku marinta dohadapaddayi. 1737 loo maraataa saamraajyam maraataa sainyadhyakshudu bajirav Delhi medha daadi chessi dhilliini dochukundi. sainyadhyakshudu amer khan umrav all udat naayakatvamlo moghul chakraverthy 5,000 maraataa ashwikadala sainikulanu taramadaaniki 8,000 dalalanu pampinchadu. ayithe baaji raao anubhavam laeni moghul sienyaanni sulabhamgaa adhigaminchaadu. migilina samrajya moghul sainyamtho paaripoyaru. 1737 loo moghul saamraajyam aakari ootamiloo moghul sainyamtho comander-in-chieph, nizaam-vul-mulk, Bhopal oddha maraataa sainyamtho chetilo odipoyadu. idi mukhyamgaa moghul saamraajyam mugipu ayindhi. jaat paalakudu shiraj mal Agra oddha moghul sainyaalanu tarimikotti nagaranni dochukuni thaaj mahal pravesam dwaaramlo unna remdu goppa vendi talupulanu tamatho tisukuni velladu. taruvaata 1763 loo shiraj malls yea talupulanu kariginchaadu. 1739 loo iranian chakraverthy nather shaah Karnal yuddamlo moghul sienyaanni odimchaadu. yea vision tarwata naadir shaw dhilliini swaadheenam cheesukuni mayuura simhaasanamtho sahaa anek sampadalanu mosukelladu. moghul paalanaku nirantharam stanika bhartia addaginta kaaranamgaa saamraajyam marinta balaheenapadindi. moghul mathaparamaina anachivetaku vyatirekamga banda singhu bahaduuru sikku khalsanu nadipinchaadu. bengal hinduism raajulu, prataapaaditya, raza seetaram Rae tirugubatu chesar. bundela raajaputrula maharaja chatrasal, moghalulatho poradi panna raajyaanni sthaapinchaadi. moghul rajavamsam 1757 natiki tolubomma palakulaku parimitamaimdi. 1762 natiki lahoreloni muslim praadaesika prabhuthwaala aadhvaryamloo sikkulanu tudichiveyadaaniki jargindi. indhulo 30,000 mandhi sikkulu champabaddaaru. 1746 loo moghalulatho praarambhamiena sikku dvamsam, dani muslim vaarasula raajulu anek dhashaabdhaalu konasagincharu. 1857 aati bhartia tirugubatu samayamlo moghul rajavamsam avasheshaalu chivaraku odinchabaddaayi. dheenini 1857 swatantrya iddam ani kudaa pilustharu. saamraajyam avasheshaalu adhikarikamgaa british varu swaadheenam cheskunnaru. maraatii saamraajyam 18 va sathabdam praarambhamlo maraataa saamraajyam bhartia upakhandamloe athantha balamaina raajakeeyasaktigaa abhivruddhi chendhindhi. peshwa aadheenamlo maraataalu samaikyamai dakshinaasiyaalo adhika bhuubhaagaanni paalincharu. maraataalu bhaaratadaesamloe moghul paripaalananu mugimpuku teesukuvacchina rajakeeya shakthigaa gurthimpu pondhaaru. maraataa saamraajyam hindavi swaraajya sthaapanaku nischayinchina bhomsle vamsaaniki chendina chathrapathi shivajiche sthaapinchabadi sanghatitham cheyabadindhi. sar j.ene.sarkaru shivaajeeni "hinduism jaati utpatthi chosen chivari goppa nirmaanaatmakamaina medhaavi, jaateeya nirmaataa "gaaa varninchadu. ayithe shivajee sodarasamanudu venkoji Thanjavur maraataa raajyaanni stapincharu. yedemaina maraataala balamaina shakthini sampaadinchina ghanata jaateeyamgaa peshwa modati bajiraoko cherutundi. charitrakaarudu kao.kao. modati bajirav "maraataa saamraajyam rendava sthaapakudigaa pariganinchabadutundani" datta raashaaru. 18 va sathabdam praarambhamlo maraataa prantham peshwa paalana (pradhaana manthrulu)loo saamrajyamgaa marindi. 1737 loo maraataalu Delhi yuddamlo moghul sienyaanni odimchaaru. maraataalu moghalulu, nijam, bengalu navaabu, durrani samrajyala medha dandetti vaari sarihaaddulanu marinta vistarimchadaaniki thama seinika poraataalanu konasagincharu. 1760 natiki maraataala saamraajyam bhartiya upakhandamloe antataa vistarimchimdi. maraataalu kudaa moghul simhaasanaanni nirmulinchi, delhilooni moghul samrajya simhaasanampai vishwaswash peshwaanu unchadam girinchi churchincharu. saamraajyam sikharaagraaniki chaerukunna dhasaloo dakshinapraantamlo TamilNadu nundi uttarapraantamlo peshaavar (adhunika khaibar pakhtun‌khwa, pakistan), ) thuurpuna bengalu varku vistarimchimdi. mudava paanipattu iddam maraataala vaayavya vistarana nilipiveyabadindi. ayinappatikee peshwa modati maadhavaravu aadhvaryamloo uttarapraantamlo maraataa adhikaaram ooka dasabdamlo tirigi sthapinchabadindhi. modati maadhavaravu pakshika svayampratipattito balamaina veerulatho maraataa rajyala samakhya srushtinchabadindi. samakhyalo baroda gaikwadsu, indoru, malwaa holkersu, gwaliyaru, gwaliyaru sindhiyaalu, Nagpur bhomslelu, dharu puuraalu, devasu rajyalau unnayi. 1775 loo eest india kompany puneloni peshwa kutumba vaarasatva poratamlo jokyam chesukundi. idi mottamodati aangloo-maraataa yudhaaniki dhaari teesindi. yuddamlo maraataa vision saadhinchindi. rendava, mudava aangloo-maraataa yudhalu (1805-1818) loo ootami varku bhaaratadaesamloe maraataalu prabalamaina shakthigaa migilipoyaru. ivi turupu bhaaratadaesam companynu bhaaratadaesam adhika bhaganni eestu india companyki vadilivesayi. guvernor-genaral vyavaharinchina charless metklall, 1806 loo yea vidhamgaa paerkonnaaru: 1660 natiki maraataalu kudaa ooka saktivantamaina naukaadalaanni abhivruddhi chesaayi. idi bharatadesa paschima teerapraanta bhuubhaaga praanthamlo mumbaai nundi saavantvaadi varku aakramimchimdi. konthakaalam paatu maraataa naavikaadalam bangaalaakhaatam loni andamaanu dveepaalalo kudaa sthavaranni sthaapinchindi. idi briteeshu, portugeesu, dachi, siddi naukaadala odalanu daadi chesthu vaari naukaadala lakshyalanu pariseelinchedi. 1730 natiki maraataa nouka dhalam aadhipatyamtho konasaagi 1770 natiki ksheeninchina sthithiki cry 1818 natiki nilichipooyindi. sikku saamraajyam bhartiya upakhandamloni vaayavya praantaalanu paalinche ooka rajakeeya samsthagaa sikku matham sabyulu paalinchina sikku saamraajyam abhivruddhi chendhindhi. panjaabu prantham medha aadhaarapadina saamraajyam 1799 - 1849 varku unikilo Pali. idi swatantrapratipatti kaligina puunjabi millis maharaja renjith sidhu (1780-1839) naayakatvamlo khalsa kendramga abhivruddhi cheyabadindhi. maharaja renjith sidhu Uttar bhaaratadaesam anek bhagalanu saamraajyamlo vileenam chesukunadu. aayana prathamikangaa tana sikku khalsa sienyaanni upayoginchukunnadu. aayana iropa seinika vidhaanamlo sikshnha pomdi adhunika seinika saankethika parignaanaalanu kaligi unaadu. renjith singhu tananu thaanu ooka mister vyuuhaakartagaa niruupinchukunnaadu. tana sainyaaniki bagaa arhata gala adhikaarigaa ennika cheyabaddaadu. athanu nirantharangaa afghan sienyaanni odinchi afghaganistan-sikku yuddhaalanu vijayavantamga muginchadu. aayana Punjab, multan, Kashmir rajyalau, peshaavar loyalanu tana saamraajyamlo cherchaadu. 19 va sataabdamloo paschimapraanthamlo khaibar passes nundi, uttarapraantamlo Kashmir varku, dakshinapraantamlo simdhu varku, thoorpupraanthamlo Himachal Pradesh sutlej nadi varku saamraajyam vistarimchimdi. renjith singhu maranam taruvaata saamraajyam balaheenapadadam briteeshu eestu india companitho sangharshanhalaku dhaari teesindi. teevramgaa sagina mottamodati aangloo-sikku iddam, rendava aangloo-sikku iddam sikku saamraajyam patanaaniki dhaaritheesindhi. idi bhartiya upakhandamloe british varu swaadheenam cheskunna chivari prantham idhey. itara rajyalau briteeshu aakramanaku poorvam madhyayuga dviteeyaardhamlo bhaaratabhuubhaagaalanu anek itara rajyalau palinchayi. vaariloo chaalaamandi maraataalaku kappam chellinchaaru. sumaaru 1400 loo dakshinha bhaaratadaesamloe wadeyar rajavamsapalakudu mysur raajyaanni stapinchadu. 18 va shataabdapu chivari bhagamlo hydar ali, atani kumarudu tippu sulthan kaaranamgaa mysuru raajyapaalanaku antharaayam kaligindi. vaari paalanaloe mysuru viirulu maraataalu, briteeshu, vaari misrama dalaalatoe various yudhalaloo poraadaaru. 1787 eprelulo maraataa-mysuru iddam epril gajendragad oppandam aadhaaramga tippu sulthan maraataalaku kappam chellinche badyatha vahinchadamtho mysuru - maraatii iddam mugisindhi. aangloo-mysur yuddamlo mysuru viirulu mysur raaketlu upayoginchaaru. naalugo aangloo-mysuru yuddamlo (1798-1799) tippu sultaanu maranam mysuru bhoobhaagam marinta ksheenadasaku dhaaritheesindhi. frenchitho mysuru pottunu britishu eest india kompany varu muppugaa bhaavimchi nalaugu vaipula nundi mysuru medha daadi chesar. haidarabadu nijam, maraataalu Surat nundi dandayaatranu praarambhinchaaru. briteesh Shrirangapattana (1799) loo nirnayaathmaka vision saadhinchindi. Kota rakshana samayamlo tippu champabaddadu. migta mysuru bhoobhaagam briteeshu nijam, maraataalu bhoobhagalalo kalapabadindi. mysuru, Shrirangapattana migilina praantaanni udayaru rajavamsanki chendina rajakutumbam chetha punaruddharinchabadindi. vaasthavaaniki hydar ali paalakudu kaavadaniki mundhu viiri puurveekulu asalau palakuluga unnare. 1799 loo mysur raajyam british india racharika rajyaanga marindi. 1591 loo golaconda qutab shahi vamseeyulachae haidarabadu sthapinchabadindhi. ooka sankshiptha moghul paalana taruvaata moghalu adhikary ayina asif jah haidarabadu niyanthrananu swaadheenam cheesukuni 1724 loo haidarabadulo nizaam-all-mulkugaa prakatinchaadu. palakhadu iddam vento anek yuddhaala kaaranamgaa tirogaminchina taruvaata nijaamlu gananiyamaina bhuubhaagaanni kolpoi maraatii saamraajyaaniki kappam chellinchaaru. yedemaina maraataalaku kappam kattadam dwara taruvaata britishu variki samantarajuluga undi 1724 nundi 1948 varku nijaamulu thama saarvabhoumatvaanni nilupukunnaru. haidarabadu raajyam briteesh indialo 1798 loo racharika raajyamgaagaa marindi. moghalu samrajya patanam taruvaata bengalu nawabulu bengalu palakuluga maararu. ayinappatikee bengaalloni 1741 nundi 1748 maraatheelu varku 6 dhadulu nirvahimchina vaari swatanter paalanaku antharaayam kaligi falithamgaa bengalu maraateela saamamta rajyaanga marindi. 1757 juunu 23 na bengalu chivari swatanter naawaab siraz udh-daulah miir jaffar chee plassi yuddamlo meeru faahiru chetha mosaginchabaddadu. aayana 1757 loo britishu chetilo odipoina taruvaata bengalu badhyatanu briteeshu prabhuthvam chaepatti meeru jaafarunu masnaadu (sinhaasanam) loo neyaminchi bengaalulo thama rajakeeya shakthini sthaapinchindi. 1765 loo dwandwa prabhutva vyvasta sthapinchabadindhi. falithamgaa nawabulu briteeshu tharapuna paalistuu briteeshuvaariki tholubommalugaa maararu. 1772 loo yea vyvasta radducheyabadi bengaalunu britishuvaari prathyaksha niyantranalo unchindi. 1793 loo navaabu nijamat (palanadhikari) kudaa vaari nundi teesiveyabadina taruvaata varu briteeshu eestu india kompany pensionerlugaa Bara unnare. 18 va sataabdamloo rajaputana motham maraataala chetha niyantrinchabadindi. rendo aangloo-maraataa iddam (1807 nundi 1809) varku maraataalu drhushti yuddhammeeda kedreekarinchina taruvaata rajaputana medha maraataa aadhipatyanni tirigi prarambham ayindhi. 1817 loo maraataa bhuubhaagamloe nivasinche pindaareela medha yudhaaniki britishuvaaru yudhaaniki velladamtho adi mudava aangloo-maraataa iddam ayindhi. briteeshu prabhuthvam pindaareelu, maraataala nundi rajaputra palakulaku thama rakshananhu andinchindi. 1818 chivari natiki itara rajaputra rajyalau, britonla Madhya ilanti oppandaalu jarigaay. gwaliyaru maraataa scindia paalakudu britishku Ajmer-merwara jillaanu vidichipettadamtho raajasthaanulo maraataa prabavam mugisindhi. 1857 tirugubaatulo britanuku chaaala mandhi raajaputrulu viswasaniiyamgaa unnare. 1947 loo bhartiya swaatantram varku rajaputanalo konni rajakeeya marpulu cheyabaddaayi. rajaputra agencylo 20 racharika rastralu unnayi. veetilo chaaala mukyamainavi udayapuru raajyam, jaipuru raajyam, bikaneru raajyam, jodhpuru raajyam unnayi. maraataa saamraajyam patanam taruvaata anek maraataa rajyalau britishuvaari anubandha kootamilo saamataraajyaalugaa avatarinchaayi. ivi janaba praathipadhikagaa briteeshu raajulo athipedda bhoobhagamgaa erpaddaayi. 1846 loo mottamodati aangloo-sikku iddam taruvaata amritsar oppandam prakaaram briteeshu prabhuthvam kaashmeerunu maharaja gulabu singuku Jammu-kaashmeerunu vikrayinchadamtho Jammu kaashmeeru raajyam britishu raju prabhutvamloo athipedda racharika raajyaalalo dviteeya sthaanamloo nilichimdi. british indialo dogra rajavamsam srushtinchabadindi. turupu, eeshaanya bhaaratadaesamloe hinduism, buddhist Cooch behar raajyaalaloni tripra raajyam, Sikkim rajyalanu briteeshu varu swaadheenam cheesukuni saamantaraajyalugaa cheskunnaru. vijayanagarasamrajyam patanam taruvaata dakshinabhaaratamlo palegarla raajyam talettindi. adi palegarla yuddamlo britishu eestindia companitho poradi odipoye varku daadulanu edurkontu susampannamgaa Pali. 18 va sataabdamloo raajaputrulu nepaalu raajyam stapincharu. aarambhakaala adhunika bhartia vyaapaarulu 14 - 18 va shataabdaala madyakaalamlo paschima asiya, turupu airopaku chendina adhunika bhartia vyaapaarulu churukugaa unnare. azar‌baijaanku chendina baqu shivaaru prantham ayina yea kaalamlo bhartia vartakulu suraakhaanilo sthirapaddaaru. yea vartakulu ikda hinduism devaalayaanni nirminchaaru. idi vaanijyam churukugaa undi 17 va sathabdam natiki bharathiyula sampannatanu theliyajesthundhi. Uttar sarihaddulo sourashtra, bengalu thiraalu samudra vaanijyamlo mukhyamaina patra pooshinchaayi. ganges maidaanaalu, simdhu loeya praantaalaloo anek vaanijya anek kendralu unnayi. aafghanistaanutho paatu madhyaprachyam, Madhya asiya praanthamtho panjaabu praantaanni kalipa khaibar passes dwara chaaala bhuubhaaga vaanijyam jargindi. palu rajyalau, raajulu naanaalanu chelamani cheesinappatikii bartaruku praadhaanyata undedi. vyavasaayadaarulu vaari vyavasaya utpattulalo kontha bhaagam prabhuthvaaniki sunkamgaa chellinchevaaru. panta samayamlo panivaru pandina pantalo kontabhagam andukunevaaru. eurapianla amveshana, coloney paalana paschima deeshaala amveshakulu, vyaapaarulu 1498 loo vaasko daa ainama aadhvaryamloo portugeesu brundam iropa nundi bharatadesaaniki ooka kothha samudra maargaanni vijayavantamga kanugonnadi. adi prathyaksha indo-eurpoean vaanijyaaniki margam sugamam chesindi. portugeesu tvaralo Goa, Daman, diu, bombaayilalo vaanijya sthaavaraalanu erpaatu chesukundi. 1961 loo bharatadesaaniki swaadheenam ayee varku Goa pradhaana portugeesu sthavaranga marindi. taruvaata shreelankalo vaari pradhaana sthaavaram unna dachi varu vachcharu. varu malabaarlo odarevulanu erpaatu chesar. ayinappatikee colachel yuddamlo travecorch saamraajyam varini odinchina taruvaata bhaaratadaesamloe vaari vistarana nilichipooyindi. dachi ootami nundi kolukoledu. adi bharatadesaaniki peddha kaalaneela bheetini kaliginchaledu.http://mod.nic.in 9th Madras Regiment prakyatha charitrakaarudu " Una.sridhara menen " maatalalo: bhartia rajyala Madhya amtargata vibhedaalu kramamga rajakeeya prabhavanni, tagina bhuumulanu stapinchadaniki eurpoean vyaapaarulaku avakasalu kalpinchaayi. 1619 loo dachini anusarinchi britishu - surat paschima thira Harbour sthaapinchindi. phrenchi varu bhaaratadaesamloe remdu vaanijya sthaavaraalanu erpaatu chesar. taruvaata yea khandantara iropa shakthulu dakshinha, turupu bharathadesamlooni anek thira praantaalanu taruvaata sataabdamloo niyantrinchagaliginappa chivariki varu bhaaratadaesamloe pondicheri, chandarunagoru minahaa migilina thama bhuubhaalanu britishuvaari aadheenamloki vadilaaru.Philippe Haudrère, Les Compagnies des Indes Orientales, Paris, 2006, p 70. phrenchi sainikulu Goa, Daman, diu portugeesu kaalaneelu kudaa minahayinchabaddayi. britishu eestindia kompany paalana, vistarana 1617 loo bhaaratadaesamloe vaanijyaaniki moghul chakraverthy jahangir briteesh eest india companyki anumatinicchaaru. kramamga vaari perugutunna prabavam 1717 loo bengaalulo pannu-rahita vaanijyam cheyadanki variki muslim chakraverthy furrukh sayaru dastavejulu roopamlo anumati ivvataniki dhaaritheesindhi. bengalu rashtramloni paalakudu siraz udh daulah britishu yea anumatilanu upayoginchadaaniki chosen prayatnaalanu vyatirekinchaaru. idi 1757 juunu 23 na plassi yudhaaniki dhaari teesindi. dheenilo raabart clive netrutvamloni briteesh eest india kompany bengalu sainyamtho phrenchi-maddatu gala navaabu dalalanu oodinchindi. praadaesika parinaamaalatoe bhaaratadaesamloe britishwaru swaadheenam cheskunna mottamodati nijamaina rajakeeya sthaavaram idi. 1757 loo clive dani mottamodati 'bengalu guvernor' gaaa niyaminchabaddadu. madraasu, vandavaasi, paandicheriilaloo phrenchi medha briteeshu vijayaalathoo kalipi seven ears vaaa‌loo briteesh vijayaalathoo bhaaratadaesamloe phrenchi prabavam taggindi. briteeshu eestu india kompany bengalu motham medha tana niyanthrananu vistarimchimdi. 1764 loo buksaru iddam taruvaata bengaalulooni zur moghul chakraverthy shaw rendava aalam nundi paripalana hakkulanu kompany sontham chesukundi. idi tharuvaathi sataabdamloo bhaaratadaesamloe ekuva bhaganni britishu yea stindia kompany swaahaacheyadaaniki sanketamgaa migilindi. britishu eestu india kompany bengalu varthaka guthadipathyam chesindi. varu bengaalulo saswata sthavaralu paerita bhuswamya-sunkam vyvasta pravesapetti tulukaadaarlu, jameendaarlanu erpaatu chesar. 3 karnataka yuddhaala falithamgaa britishu eestindia kompany karnataka prantham amtati medha niyanthrana saadhinchindi. kompany ventane bombaayi, madrasulalo dani sthaavaraalanu vistarimchimdi. aangloo-mysuru yudhalu (1766-1799), aa taruvaata aangloo-maraataa yudhalu (1772-1818) bhaaratadaesam vistaara praantaala niyanthranaku dhaari teesindi. eeshaanya bhaaratadaesam ahom saamraajyam modhata barmeesu dandayaathratho ksheenadasaku cherukuni taruvaata 1826 loo yandobo oppandam taruvaata briteeshu aadheenamloki vacchindi. yekakaalamlo barma damdayaatralu Manipur raajyaanni 1824 loo briteeshu kooradaaniki preranha kaliginchaayi. ayinappatikee 1891 loo aangloo-Manipur iddam taruvaata manipuru britishu saamraajyamlo bhaagam ayindhi. 1849 loo rendava aangloo-sikku iddam tarwata panjaabu, vaayavya sarihaddu prantham, kaasmiirlanu swaadheenam cheskunnaru. Kashmir ventane amritsar oppandam kindha jammoolooni dogra raacharikaaniki vikrayinchabadi racharika rajyaanga marindi. nepaalu, britishu Madhya sarihaddu vivaadham, 1801 tarwata teevramai 1814-16 aati aangloo-nepaalu iddam gurkhala otamito musindi. 1854 loo beraru anusandhaaninchabadindi. remdu samvatsaraala taruvaata odd raajyam cherchabadindi. 19 va sathabdam praarambhamlo guvernor-genaral richaard vellesley remdu dasabdalapatu samshtha bhuubhaagaala vistarana vegampunjukundi. idi samshtha, stanika paalakulu ledha prathyaksha seinika anubandam Madhya pottula dwara saadhinchabadindi. anubandha kootamulu hinduism maharajala, muslim nawabula racharika rajyalanu srushtinchaayi. 1850 l natiki, briteesh eest india kompany bhartiya upakhandamloe adhikabhaagaanni niyantrinchindi. vaari vidhaanaalu konnisarlu vibhajinchi palinchu vidhanamga pariganhinchabadindhi. vividha racharika rajyalau, sanghika, matha samuhal Madhya satrutvam abhivruddhi cheyabadindhi. bhartia oppanda cooley vidhaanam bhartia oppanda cooley vidhaanam ooka runa banisatwam. deeni dwara 3.5 millionla mandhi bharatiyulu (mukhyamgaa cheraku) thotala choose kaarmikulanu iropa saktula vividha kaalaneelaku ravaanhaa chesar. idi 1833 loo prapanchavyaapthamgaa banisatwam raddaina taruvaata praarambhinchi 1920 varku konasaagindi. idi bhartia mahasamudram (anagaa runion, marishas) nundi pasifik mahasamudram (antey fizi) varku vyaapinchindi. idi alaage peddha sankhyalo pravasa bhartia abhivruddhiki dhaaritheesindhi. indo-carribean, indo-african janabhanu abhivruddhi chesindi. adhunika kaalam, swatamtram (usa.sha. 1850 taruvaata) sipaayeela tirugubatu 1857, paryavasanam 1857 loo briteeshu eestu india kompany palanaki vyatirekamga Uttar, Madhya bhaaratadaesamloe peddha ettuna tirugubatu modaliendi. spark enfield raifil choose kothha gunpouder cartridge samasya thirugubatuku dhaaritheesina cheppavacchu. idi stanika mathaparamaina nishedhamgaa bhaavinchabadindi. mangal paamdae indhulo keelakapatra dharinchaadu. antekaka briteeshu pannula medha aadhaarapadina aandolanalu, briteeshu adhikaarulu, vaari bhartia dhaalaala Madhya adhikamaina jaati akhaatam, bhuubhaaga vileenaalu tirugubaatulo mukhyamaina patra pooshinchaayi. paamdae tirugubatu taruvaata konni vaaraalalo tirugubaatulo bhaagamgaa bhartiya sainyamtho dozen sankhyalo rautu sainyaallo cheradamtho tirugubatu desavyaaptam ayindhi. sainikulu taruvaata bhartia pramukhulaku maddatu icchaaru. veerilo chaalaamandi " dr af lapsu " dwara shirshikalu, padavulu kolpoyaru. kompany sampradhaya vaarasatva vyavasthatho jokyam chesukundani bhaavimchaaru. naaa saahibu, Jhansi raanee vento tirugubatu naayakatvam vahinchaaru. meeratlo tirugubatu prarambham ayina taruvaata tirugubaatudaarulu chaaala twaraga dhilliiki cherukunnaaru. tirugubaatudaarulu vaayavya bhoobhaagaalu, awadh (oudh) maargaalanu swaadheenam cheskunnaru. mukhyamgaa awadh‌loo tirugubatu briteeshu unikiki vyatirekamga deshabhakti lakshanaalanu teesukuvachindi. briteeshu eestu india kompany snehapurvaka raajyaalalo sahayamtho thirugubatunu anichivesenduku prayatninchindhi. 1857 loo modalaina tirugubatu anichiveta 1858 varku konasaagindi. tirugubaatudaarulu paelavamaina aayudhaalanu kaligi undatam velupala maddatu ledha nidhula kaaranamgaa varini briteeshu varu daarunamga swaadheenam cheskunnaru. anantaram briteeshu eestu india kompany nundi briteesh crownku anni adhikaralu badilee ayyaayi. idi bharatadesanni anek rajyabhagaluga vibhajinchi paalinchadaaniki dhaaritheesindhi. kingdam samshtha bhuumulanu pratyakshamgaa niyantrinchindi. bharathadesamlooni itara prantalapai gananiyamaina paroksha prabhavanni choopindi. rajavamsa raja kutumbaalache palinchabade Rajasthan rajyalau indhulo bhaagam ayyaayi. 1947 natiki adhikarikamgaa 565 racharika rajyalau unnayi. ayithe kevalam 21 rashtra prabhutvaalu Bara unnayi. indhulo mysur, haidarabadu, kaashmeeru muudu Bara peddha rajyalau unnayi. ivi annii 1947-48loo swatanter bhaaratadaesamloe vileenam cheyabaddaayi. britishu raju (usa.sha. 1858 – 1947) 1857 tarwata valasarajya prabhuthvam kortu vyvasta, chattaparamyna prakreeyalu, saasanaala dwara nyaayavyasthaloo sarikotha vidhaanaalu pravesapettindi. idi eandian peenal kood ayyindi. 1835 phibravarilo vidyaavidhaanamlo thomas babington makale raajulo vidyakupraadhaanyam ichi bodhana maadhyamamgaa english upayoegimchae vidhaanam amalu cheyadamlo vision sadhincharu. 1890 natiki dadapu 60,000 mandhi bharatiyulu metriculate chesar. 1880 nundi 1920 varku bhartia aardika vyvasta samvatsaranike 1% adhikarinchindi. janaba kudaa 1% adhikarinchindi. 1910 nundi bhartiya privete parisrama gananeeyamgaa abhivruddhi chendhindhi. 19 va sathabdam chivaraloo bhaaratadaesam adhunika railway vyavasthanu nirminchindi. idi prapancha ralve vyavasthalalo 4 va sthaanamloo Pali. [455] railvelu, tamti thapaalaa, roadlu, odarevulato patuga kaluvalu, neetipaarudala vyavasthalatho sahaa briteesh raj maulika sadupayalapai bhaaree pettubadulu pettimdi. caritrakarulu aardika charithra vishayamlo teevramgaa abhipraayapamgaa vibhajimpabaddaaru. britishu raju paalana prarambham kante briteeshu paalana chivarilo bhaaratadaesam paedadesamgaa maarindani, briteeshu kaaranamgaa yea daaridyram erpadindani " nationalistu skoolu " vaadinchindi. 1905 loo lard kerzon athi peddha bengalu praavimsunu hinduism adikyata kaligina paschima bhaganni paschima bengaluga, muslim adikyata kaligina turupu bhuubhaagaanni "turupu bengalu, Assam"gaaa vibhajinchaadu. samardhamaina palana yantraamgamgaa maarchadam britishu lakshyangaa cheppabadinappatiki idi vibhajinchi paalinchadam vyoohamlo cheyabadindani prajalu agraham vyaktham chesaru. vyavastheekruta valasavaada vyatireka udyamaaniki idi prarambhamaindi. britanulo libarel parti 1906 loo adhikaaramlooki vacchina taruvaata lardu kerton tolaginchabaddaadu. 1911 loo bengaalunu tirigi samaikyam chesar. kothha vaisrai gilbartu minto, bhartiya videshanga kaaryadarsi jeanne marley rajakeeya samskaranha girinchi kaangresu naayakulathoo sampradinchaadu. 1909 morli-mino samskaranhalu provincial egjicutive councilsu bhartia sabhyatvam koraku vaisrai kaaryanirvaahaka mandaliki andinchabaddaayi. imperially legisletiv kounsilu 25 nundi 60 mandhi sabhyula varku vistarinchabadindi. muslimla choose pratyekamaina mathaparamaina praatinidhyam erpaatu cheyabadindhi. aa samayamlo anek saamaajika-mathaparamaina samsthaluraavadam modaliendi. 1906 loo muslimlu al india muslim leegunu stapincharu. idi ooka saamuuhika partyga kakunda adi kuleena muslimla prayojanalanu kaapaadataaniki ruupomdimchabadimdi. idi islam, briteeshu, bhaaratadaesam, hindus avishwaasamtho viruddhamaina bhaavajaalamtho antargatamgaa vibhajinchabadindhi. akhila bhartia hinduism mahaasabha, rastriya swayamsevak sangh (arss) hinduism abhiruchulaku praatinidhyam vahinchaayi. ayithe tharuvaathi kaalamlo adi "samskruthika" samsthagaa perkondi. 1920 loo sikkulu shiromani akali dalunu stapincharu. 1885 loo sthapinchabadina athi peddha, puraathana rajakeeya parti " eandian naeshanal congresses ". idi saamaajika-matha udyamaalu, gurthimpu rajakeeyaala dooramgaa undataniki prayatninchindhi. hindus tirugubatu hinduism punaruddharana Sumit Sarkar, "Calcutta and the Bengal Renaissance", in Calcutta, the Living City ed. Sukanta Chaudhuri, Vol I, p. 95. 10-20 va sataabdhaalalo britishu paripaalananu adhigaminchi bengali hindus aadhipathyam vahimchina bhartiya upakhandamloni bengalu praanthamlo ooka sanghika samskaranha vudyamam konasaginatlu bhavistunaaru. hinduism punaruddharana raza ramya mohun ray (1772-1833) thoo modalie rabindranath thaaguur (1861-1941) thoo mugisindhi. yea prantham medhoparamaina, srujanathmakathka kaligina vyaktulu parampara konasagindani chaalaamandi nipunhulu angeekaristunnaaru. 19 va shataabdapu bengalu mathaparamaina praamukhyata kaligina variki, sanghika samskartalu, vidvaansulu, sahithya diggajaalu, paathrikeeyulu, deshabhaktulu, sastravettala sammeelhanam punaruddharanodyama rupaanni erparacharu. yea kaalam madya yugam nundi adhunika kaalamgaa maarpuchendadaaniki chihnamgaa Pali. yea kaalamlo meedhoo chaitanyaniki bengalu sakshyamga Pali. yea vudyamam mukhyamgaa mahilalu, vivaham, katnam vyvasta, kula vyvasta, matham sambamdhinchina puraathana sampradayalanu prashninchindi. yea samayamlo vudbavimchina mottamodati sanghika udyamaalalo okati yuva bengalu vudyamam. bhartia upakhandamloe bhartia medhassulo chaitanyam cheyadamlo yea vudyamam pradhaanapaatra pooshinchindi. karuvulu briteeshu kompany paalana, britishu raju paripalana samayamlo britishu valasarajya prabhutva vidhalu viphalamainanduku chihnamgaa bhaaratadaesamloe munupennaduu namoodhu cheyani karuvulu sambhavinchaayi. samayamlo " 1876-78 aati greeat famine " kaaranamgaa 6.1 millionla nundi 10.3 millionla mandhi maraninchaarani bhavistunaaru. 1770 aati mahaa bengalu karuvulo 10 millionla mandhi maranhicharu. 1899-1900 aati bhartia karuvulo 1.25 nundi 10 millionla mandhi prajalu maranhicharu. bengal caruvu (1943) natiki 3.8 millionla prajalu maranhicharu. 19 va sathabdam madhyakaalamloo " moodo plaegu pandemic " bhaaratadaesamloe 10 millionla mandhi maranaaniki kaaranamgaa Pali. nirantara Morbi, karuvulu unnappatikee bhartiya upakhandamloni janaba 1750 natiki 200 millionlaku cherindhi. 1941 natiki 389 millionlaku cherindhi. bhartia swaatantra vudyamam bhaaratadaesamloe briteeshu prajala sanka chinnadigaa unnappatikee, varu bhartiya upakhandamloe 52% praantaanni neerugaa paalinchagaligaaru. 48% racharika deshaalapai gananiyamaina parapatini sadhincharu. 19 va sataabdamloo jargina athantha mukhyamaina sanghatanalalo bhartia jaateeyavaadam abhivruddhi, bharatiyulu modati "sveeya paalana" taruvaata "porthi swatantrayam" korukunaru. ayithe caritrakarulu dani perugudala kaaranaalanu vibhajinchaaru. kaaranaalaloo "briteeshu, bhartiya prajala payojanaala gharshana", "jaati vivakshalu", "bhaaratadaesam gatham sangharshanalu". 1861 loo briteesh vaisraayiki salahaa ivvadaniki councillerla neyaamakam bhartia sveeya-paalanaku modati adgu modaliendi. veerilo 1909 loo mottamodati bharitiyudu niyamitudayyaadu. bhartiya sabhyulato koodina praamtiya mandallanu erpaatu chesar. councillarlu neyaamakam taruvaata bharathiyula neyaamakam saasana mandili varku vistarinchabadindi. briteeshu varu peddha briteesh eandian aarmeenu nirminchaaru, indhulo seniior adhikaruluga britishu varu undaga nepaalu gurkhalu, sikkula vento chinna miniortiee samuhal nundi seinika brumdaalu bhaagaswaamyam vahinchaaru. pouura sevanu takuva sthaayiloo unna sthaanikulatho nimpi briteeshu adhikanga seeniyaru hodhanu kaligi Pali. bhartia jaateeyavaada nayakan baalagangaadhar thilak swaraj deeshapu vidhigaa prakatinchaaru. atani prasidha vakyam "swaraj Mon janmahakku, neenu kaligi untanu" idi bharateeyulaku preranagaa marindi. bipan chandra plu, lala lajpat roy lanty prabhutva naayakulu tilakuku maddatu icchaaru. adae abhipraayaanni kaligi unna varu videsi vasthuvula bahishkarana, bhartiya-vastuvulanu upayoginchadam vento swadesi udyamaalaku maddatu icchaaru. yea trimukha udyamaanni lall bahl pal ani pilichevaaru. vaari aadhvaryamloo bhaaratadaesam muudu peddha rastralu - Maharashtra, bengalu, panjaabu prajala dimaadulanu, bhartiya jaateeyavaadaanni ruupomdimchimdi. 1907 loo kaangresu remdu vibhaagaalugaa vibhajinchabadindhi. briteeshu saamraajyaanni padagottadaaniki, briteeshu vastuvulannintini vidichipettaalani suchisthu thilak netrutvamloni tirugubaatudaarulu pouura aamdolana, prathyaksha viplavam cheyalana pilupu icchadu. maroovaipu, dadabhai naoroji, gopaul krishna gokhle vento naayakula netrutvamloni mitavaadulu, briteesh paalana yokka paridhiloo samskarananu korukunaru. 1905 bengalu vibhajana swantatraporaataanni marinta teevram chesindi. sahayanirakanodyamam himsaatmakamgaa marindi. khurdirambosu britishu raju prabhutvakaaryaalayam sameepamlo bombulu paati petti khaidu cheyabadi 18 samvatsaraala vayasuloe uriteeyabaddaadu. modati prapancha iddam samayamlo bhaaratadaesam maddathunu gurthinchi punahpraarambhinchabadina jaateeyavaada demandlaku pratispandanagaa briteeshu prabhuthvam "carrott und sticky" vidhanaanni sweekarinchindhi. pratipaadita pramaanaalu taruvaata bhartiya prabhutva chattam 1919 loo ponduparachabaddaayi. idi dwandwa paripalana suutraanni pravesapettindi, ledha bhartia saasanasabhyulanu ennukuni briteeshu adhikaarulanu niyaminchela adhikara pamphinii cheyabadindhi. 1919 loo kolonel reginald dyer saantiyuta nirasanakaarulapai kaalpulu cheymanu adhikaarulanu adesinchadu. indhulo niraayudha mahilalu, pillalu unnare. falithamgaa jalian walia bagh uchakoeta sambhavinchindi. idi 1920-22 loo sahayaranirakaaranodyamaanana dhaaritheesindhi. yea uchakoeta bhaaratadaesamloe briteesh paalana mugimpulo nirnayaathmaka patra vahinchimdi. 1920 nundi mahathmaa ghandy vento naayakulu ekkuvaga saantiyutamiena paddhatulanu upayoginchi briteeshu rajuku vyatirekamga saaginchina poraatam athantha prajaadaranha pondindi. sahaayaniraakarana, sasanollanghana, aardika pratighatana vento ahimsa paddhatulanu upayoginchi briteeshu palananu ghandy netrutvamloni swaatantra vudyamam vyatirekinchindi. ayithe bhartia upakhandam antataa briteeshu paalanaku vyatirekamga viplava karyakalapalu jarigaay. marikondaru chndrasekhar aazaad, bhagath sidhu, sukhdev thaapar Bundi sthaapinchina hindustan repuublican associetion vento teevravaada vidhanaanni sweekarincharu. idi briteeshu palananu saayudha poratamlo padagottadaaniki prayatninchindhi. yea vishayamlo bhartiya prabhuthvam chattam 1935 ooka pradhaana vision saadhinchindi. modati prapancha iddam modati prapancha iddam samayamlo sainyamloe swachchandamgaa 8,00,000 mandhi, 400,000 kante ekuva mandhi yuddharahita sevalaku swachchandamgaa swachchannamgaa namoduchesukunnaru yudhaaniki mundhu niyaamakasabhyulu vaarshikamgaa 15,000 mandhi undevaaru. upires iddam praarambhamiena nelalone sainyamtho " vestarn phrant " tarafuna modhatisaarigaa yuddamlo paalgonnadi. paaschaatya sankiirnha dalamlo ooka savatsaram paalgonna taruvaata anaarogyam, hetubaddhamaina konni kaaranaala valana adi upasamharinchukune samayaaniki bharateeya sainyamtho sankhyaaparamgaa kudinchabadindi. mesopotaamia poratamlo dadapu 700,000 mandhi bharatiyulu tarkulatho poraadaaru. bhartia sainikulu turupu african, eejiptu, gallipolilaku kudaa pampabaddaaru. 1915 loo imperially seinika brumdaalatoe " sinai - palastina yuddamlo, 1916 loo romanilo, 1917 loo jerusalemlo bhartia sainikulu yuddamlo paalgonnaru. bharatadesa vibhagalu jordan loyanu akraminchayi. spring affensiv taruvaata eejiptu daadiloo (megiddo yuddamlo), disartu mounted corps 'damaskuku, aleppoku vellae samayamlo varu pradhaana shakthigaa maararu. itara vargalu bhaaratadaesamloe vaayavya sarihaaddulanu kaapadatam, amtargata bhadrataa baadhyatalanu nirvartinchaayi. yuddamlo ooka mallan mandhi bhartia dhalaalu videsallo panichesaaru. motham 74,187 mandhi maranhicharu. 67,000 mandhi gayapaddaru. modati prapancha iddam, afghan yudhalaloo thama praanaalanu poogottukunna sumaaru 90,000 mandhi sainikula koraku bharat get smaraka chihnam nirminchabadindi. rendava prapancha iddam rendava prapancha iddam (1939-1945) samayamlo bharatadesanni uunited kingdam niyantrinchindi. bhaaratadaesamloe briteeshu bhoobhagalalo 500 raajarika rajyalau unnayi. 1939 septembarulo britishu india naji germanypy adhikarikamgaa iddam prakatinchindhi. sankiirnha deeshalaloo bhaagamgaa unna britishuraju 2.5 millionla swachchanda sainyaalanu pampi britishu kamandu aadhvaryamloo axis saktulaku vyatirekamga poradindi. adanamga yuddamlo poraadadaaniki palu bhartia samsthaanaalu adhikamottamlo nidhulu andinchi sahakarinchaayi. bhaaratadaesam chainaa maddatuto amarican sainyaaniki milataree besugaa undi sahakarinchindhi. germanyki vyatirekamga eurpoean theateru, geramny, italyki vyatirekamga Uttar african, jjapan, italyki vyatirekamga, italyki vyatirekamga turupu african, vichy frenchiki vyatirekamga midle eestu, japanuku vyatirekamga barma yudhalaloo bhartia sainikulu veeroochitamgaa poraadaaru. 1945 augustulo jjapan longipoyina taruvaata singapuru, haankaangu vento briteeshu valasaraajyaalu swatantrayam pomdadamlo bharatiyulu saayapaddaaru. 87,000 mandhi bhartia sainikulu (adhunika pakistan, nepaalu, bangladeshs ) rendava prapancha yuddamlo maranhicharu. mohun dhaasu karanchandu ghandy, sardaaru vallabhai patelu, moulaanaa aajaadu netrutvamloni eandian naeshanal kaangresu, naji germanyni bahishkarinchinappatiki idi bhaaratadaesam swatamtram vachey varku itarulato poradaledu. 1942 augustulo kaangresu kvitu india udyamaanni praarambhinchindi. swatantrayam manjuru ayee varku prabhuthvaaniki e vidhamgaanainaa sahakarinchadaaniki nirakarinchindi. yea charyanu edurkovadaniki prabhuthvam siddhangaa Pali. idi ventane 60,000 jaateeya, stanika kaangresu nayakulanu arrest chesindi. taruvaata kaangresu maddatudaarula himsaatmamgaa anichivesenduku prayatninchindhi. ghandy tana aaroogyam kaaranamgaa 1944 mee maasamloo vidudalainappatikii naayakulu 1945 juunu varku jailuloo unchabaddaaru. muslim leegu quit india udyamaanni thiraskarinchi raju adhikaarulatho kalisi panichaesimdi. subhsh chandrabose (netaji ani kudaa pilustharu) kaangresunu vidichi swatantrayam pondenduku geramny ledha japaanulato ooka seinika sambandhanni erpaatu cheyadanki prayatninchaadu. eandian legion sthaapanalo jarmanlu ​​bosuku sahayam chesaru. ayithe mohun singhu aadhvaryamloo mottamodati bhartiya jaateeya sainyamtho radduchesina taruvaata bhartiya jaateeya sainyamtho (inn) punaruddharinchadaaniki japaanu sahakarinchindhi. ai.ene.e japaneeyula maargadarshakamlo marmaalo poraadaaru, boosu aazaad hinduku naayakatvam vahimchi singapuru nundi nadipinchabadina taatkaalika prabhuthvaaniki naayakatvam vahinchaadu. aajaadu hindu prabhuthvam dani sonta kurencie, kortu pouura chattaalanu ruupomdimchimdi. briteeshu vaari medha swatantrya poraataaniki adhika chattabaddhatha ichindani kontamandi bharatiyulu bhaavimchaaru. 1942 natiki porugununna barma medha japaanu daadi chesindi. appatike japaanu andamaanu, Nicobar dveepaalanu swaadheenam chesukundi. japaanu 1943 decemberu 21 na uchita bharatadesa taatkaalika prabhuthvaaniki dveepaala medha naamamaathrapu niyanthrananu icchindi. taruvaata maarchilo japaanu sahayamtho bhartiya jaateeya sainyamtho bharatadesamloki pravaesinchi nagalandulo Kohima varku adhikaara paridhini vistarimchimdi. bhartiya upakhandamloni pradhaana bhuubhaagamloe yea purogamanam suduura sdhaanaaniki chaerukumdi. 1940-43loo bhaaratadaesamloe bengalu prantham vinaasakaramaina karuvunu edurkondi. rendava prapancha iddam taruvaata (usa.sha. 1946 – 1947) 1946 loo lebaru prabhuthvam bhaaratadaesamloe briteeshu palananu muginchaalani nirnayinchindhi. 1947 praarambhamlo britanu 1948 juunu lopala adhikaaraanni badilee cheyalana taatkaalika prabhutwaanni erparchadamlo paalgontunnatlu prakatinchindhi. swatantrayam kaavaalanna korikato hindus, muslimla Madhya udriktatalu kudaa abhivruddhi chendhaayi. muslimlu allappuduu bhartia upakhandamloe ooka minorityga undevaaru. pratyekamgaa hinduism prabhutva erpaatu varini kalavaraniki gurichesindi. vaariloo hinduism prabhuthvam patla avisvaasam abhivruddhi chendhindhi. remdu sanghala Madhya aikyata choose ghandy pilupunicchinappatika hinduism palananu nirakarincharu. 1946 augustu 16 na briteeshu indialo ooka muslim desam kaavalani muslim leaguue nayakan muhammadu ali jinna saantiyutamgaa demandu Akola. falithamgaa modalaina himsakanda "greeat kalakathaa killing augustu 1946"gaaa abhivarninchabadindi. himsakanda beeharuku (hindus muslimula medha daadi chesar), bengaalloni nohakileeki (hinduulanu lakshyangaa cheesukuni muslimlu daadi chesaru), uunited provinsulaloni garmukteshwar ( hindus muslimula medha daadi chesar) 1947 maarchilo ravalpindi oddha (dheenilo hindus muslimlachae daadi cheyabaddaaru) varku vistarimchimdi. deshavibhajana, swatamtram (usa.sha.1947–) 1947 loo union af india, pakistan af dominianla vibhajana taruvaata britishu nundi bhartiya bhoobhaagaalu swatantrayam pondaayi. panjaabu, bengalu vivadhaspada mundastu vibhajana taruvaata yea praantaalalooni sikkulu, hindus, muslimla Madhya kalahalu chelaregaayi. idi bharathadesamlooni anek itara praantaalaku vyaapinchindi. kalahaalalo sumaaru 5,00,000 mandhi maranhicharu. alaage yea kaalamlo adhunika charithraloo ippativaraku namoodhu cheyabadani athipedda praja valasalu jarigaay. kotthaga srustinchina bhaaratadaesam, pakistan (varusaga 15 - 1947 augustu 14 loo swatantrayam pondaayi) madya dadapu 12 millionla hindus, sikkulu, muslimla valasalu sambhavinchaayi. 1971 loo bangladeshs (gatamlo turupu paakisthaan, turupu bengal) paakisthaan nunchi vidipoyindi. charithra adhyayanam edvala dasabdallo caritrakarulu bharatadesa charitranu adhyayanam cheyadanki 4 skuuls aadhaaramga unnayi. kembridgi, nationalistu, marxistu, subaltarnu. oksari saadharanhamaina "oriyantalist" vidhaanam, avagaahana, avyaktamgaa, purtiga aadyatmika bhaavamto adhyayanam jargindi. kebridgi skoolu aneel siel, gardon jamson, reachard gardson,davide wash‌brooke chetha nirvahimchabadimdi.Aravind Ganachari, "Studies in Indian Historiography: 'The Cambridge School'", Indica, March 2010, 47#1, pp 70–93 ayinappatikee " dhi schul af histario grafi " paaschaatyulu vimarsinchaaru. jaateeyavaada paatasaala congresses, ghandy, nehruu, unnanatha stayi raajakeeyaalalo drhushti saarinchindi. idi 1857 loo tirugubatu iddam vimuktiki kaaranamani, 1942 loo praarambhamiena ghandy 'quit india', chaarithraka sanghatanalanu nirvachinchadaaniki praadhaanyata icchindi. charithra yea paatasaala kudaa vimarsalanu edurkondi. maarksistulu aardika abhivruddhi, bhuswamya vidhaanam, valasapalanaku poorvam bhaaratadaesamloe nelakonna vargha poraatam, kaalaneela kaalamlo parisramala korata girinchi adhyayanam chesar. markija vaadulu ghandy udyamaanni burzuvaa shrenula saadhanamgaa chitrikarincharu. prajala viplava saktulanu samardhavanthamgaa upayoginchukunnarani boodhinchindi. maarkijavaadulu "ekkuvaga" bhavajaala prabhaavitamainatlu aropanalu edhurkonnaru. 1980 lalo "upalton paatasaala" ranjajit guha, gian prakaashlu praarambhinchaaru. adi pramukhulu, rajakeeya naayakula medha drhushti kendrikarinchindi. jaanapadha kadhalu, kavitvam, chikkulu, sametalu, paatalu, moukhika charithra, anthropology sphuurtitoe "charithra"ku rupakalpana cheeyadam medha drhushti kendrikarinchaaru. idi 1947 ki mundhu kaalaneela sakamlo drhushti saarinchindi. iteevale hinduism jaateeyavaadulu bhartia samaakamloe "hindutva" ("hindutvam") koraku thama demandlaku madduthugaa charithra srushtinchaaru. yea paatasaala aaloochana enka abhivruddhi prakreeyalo Pali. 2012 maarchilo harward universityloni kamparativ religion professor, daayanaa emle. eck tana pustakam "bhaaratadaesam: Una sacred jiography"loo ila vraasaaru, bhaaratadaesam briteeshu ledha moghalula kante chaaala mundugane Pali. idi kevalam praamtiya gurtimpula samuham kadhu, idi sampradhaya ledha jaati aadhaaritam kadhu. vanarulu moolaalu gamanikalu moolaalajaabitaa upayukta gramtha suuchi jaalamuulaalu enka chaduvutaku saadhaaranham Basham, A.L., ed. The Illustrated Cultural History of India (Oxford University Press, 2007) Buckland, C.E. Dictionary of Indian Biography (1906) 495pp full text Chakrabarti D.K. 2009. India, an archaeological history : palaeolithic beginnings to early historic foundations Dharma Kumar and Meghnad Desai, eds. The Cambridge Economic History of India: Volume 2, c. 1751 – c. 1970 (2nd ed. 2010), 1114pp of scholarly articles Fisher, Michael. An Environmental History of India: From Earliest Times to the Twenty-First Century (Cambridge UP, 2018) Guha, Ramachandra. India After Gandhi: The History of the World's Largest Democracy (2007), 890pp; since 1947 James, Lawrence. Raj: The Making and Unmaking of British India (2000) Khan, Yasmin. The Raj At War: A People's History Of India's Second World War (2015) Majumdar, R.C. : An Advanced History of India. London, 1960. Majumdar, R.C. (ed.) : The History and Culture of the Indian People, Bombay, 1977 (in eleven volumes). Mcleod, John. The History of India (2002) excerpt and text search Mansingh, Surjit The A to Z of India (2010), a concise historical encyclopedia Metcalf, Barbara D. and Thomas R. Metcalf. A Concise History of Modern India (2006) Peers, Douglas M. India under Colonial Rule: 1700–1885 (2006), 192pp Richards, John F. The Mughal Empire (The New Cambridge History of India) (1996) Riddick, John F. The History of British India: A Chronology (2006) excerpt Riddick, John F. Who Was Who in British India (1998); 5000 entries excerpt Rothermund, Dietmar. An Economic History of India: From Pre-Colonial Times to 1991 (1993) Sharma, R.S., India's Ancient Past, (Oxford University Press, 2005) Sarkar, Sumit. Modern India, 1885–1947 (2002) Singhal, D.P. A History of the Indian People (1983) Smith, Vincent. The Oxford History of India (3rd ed. 1958), old-fashioned Spear, Percival. A History of India. Volume 2. Penguin Books. (1990) [First published 1965] Stein, Burton. A History of India (1998) Thapar, Romila. Early India: From the Origins to AD 1300 (2004) excerpt and text search Thompson, Edward, and G.T. Garratt. Rise and Fulfilment of British Rule in India (1934) 690 pages; scholarly survey, 1599–1933 excerpt and text search Tomlinson, B.R. The Economy of Modern India, 1860–1970 (The New Cambridge History of India) (1996) Wolpert, Stanley. A New History of India (6th ed. 1999) caritrakarulu rachanalu Bose, Mihir. "India's Missing Historians: Mihir Bose Discusses the Paradox That India, a Land of History, Has a Surprisingly Weak Tradition of Historiography", History Today 57#9 (2007) pp. 34–. online Elliot, Henry Miers; John Dowson (1867–77). The History of India, as told by its own historians. The Muhammadan Period. London: Trübner and Co. Kahn, Yasmin. "Remembering and Forgetting: South Asia and the Second World War' in Martin Gegner and Bart Ziino, eds., The Heritage of War (Routledge, 2011) pp. 177–193. Jain, M. The India They Saw : Foreign Accounts (4 Volumes) Delhi: Ocean Books, 2011. Lal, Vinay, The History of History: Politics and Scholarship in Modern India (2003). Palit, Chittabrata, Indian Historiography (2008). Arvind Sharma, Hinduism and Its Sense of History (Oxford University Press, 2003) E. Sreedharan, A Textbook of Historiography, 500 B.C. to A.D. 2000 (2004) Warder, A.K., An introduction to Indian historiography (1972). adhikarika vanaru The Imperial Gazetteer of India'' (26 vol, 1908–31), highly detailed description of all of India in 1901. online edition jaalavanarulu Live History India: https://www.livehistoryindia.com/ History of India Podcast: https://historyofindiapodcast.libsyn.com/ enka chudandi bhartiya deesha vidyaa vyvasta - charithra bhartia chakravartula jaabithaa charithra charithra

vanya sastramu adavulaku sambamdhinchina ooka kala, sastramu. adavulu, vatiki sambamdhinchina sahaja vanarulu, deeniki sannihitamaina silvikalchar, chetlu, adavula pempakamu, poeshanhaku sambamdhinchina sastramu. adhunika vanya sastramu saadharanamugaa kalapa vaati utpattulu; jantuvula samuuhaalu; prakrutilooni neeti nanyatha niyanthrana; toorism; bhuumii, girijanulanu rakshana; udyoegaavakaasaalu;, vaataavaranamlooni corbon dai aaksaidnu niyanthrana modalainavaati anusandhanamu. adavulu jeevaavarana shaasthramulo ooka mukhyamaina bhaagamu. vanyakaarulu emi chestaaru? vanyakaarulaku parisramalu, prabhutva agencylalo, samrakshanaa sanghalu, pattanha udyaanavana bordulu, pourasanghaalu, praivetu bhuuswamulu upaadhi kalpinche avaksam Pali. charitrakangaa vanyakaarulu ekkuvaga kalapaku koyataniki, kothha chetla abhivruddhikee pranhaalhikanu tayaarucheyyatamlo thama naipunyaanni upayogistunnaru. saadharanamga, vrutthiparamaina vanyakaarulu atavi yajamanya padhakaalanu abhivruddhi chestaaru. yea padhakaalu ooka nirdhishtamaina praanthamulo unna chetla ganankalanu, praamthamu yokka topological swaroopa lakshanaalanu, aa praanthamlo vividha speaciesla vaareega ayah chetla yokka vistarana, vistrutulanu, itara vrukshasampadanu parigananaloki tesukoni tayaaruchestaaru. yea pranaalikaloo roadlu, kalvartulu, human aavaasaalaku saameepyata, jalavanarula paristiti, mrttikaa nivedikalanu kudaa chaerchutaaru. chivariga, atavi yajamanya pranaalikalaloo yea bhuumii yokka projected viniyoganni, aa vaadukaku sambamdhinchina kaalakramanikanu kudaa chaerchutaaru. charithra paaschaatya prapanchamloo adavula samrakshanaa vidhaanaalu ayah praantaalanu paripaalinche raajulu, kuleenulu niyantrinchee varu. antey aa adavulalo vetade hakku vaarike undedi. conei raithulaku vamta cheraku sekarinchukovadaaniki, koyyalanu sekarinchukovadaaniki, pasuvulanu mepadaaniki anumatinichevaaru. neti vanyasaastramu vanyasastra vidya vanya saastramunu chaaala kaalamu mundununde Madhya airopaalo bhodistunnappatikani, vanyasastra vidyaku ankitamaina modati vanyasastra vidyaalayamunu 1787va samvatsaramulo gorge‌ hartig‌ jarmaneelooni dillen‌burg‌ oddha sthaapinchenu. Uttar americaaloo modhatidhi ash‌vill‌, Uttar karolina daggara gorge‌ vanderbilt‌, aa praanthamulo laging‌ (chetla narikiveta) valana jargina nashtamunu chuuchi vanyasastra vidyaalayamu stapinchadu. dadapu tana built‌mor‌ estate‌ bhoomulu mottamu purtiga 1895nundi khali nelanunchi peddapedda vrukshaalugaa perigina nirvahinchabadda adave. tholi Uttar America vanyakaarulu pandommidava sataabdamunundi vanya sastramu abhyasinchutaku germanyki velhlhaevaaru. kontamandi tholi geramny vanyakarulukuda Uttar America valasa vellaaru. yea roojulloo, ooka aamodayogyamugaa sikshnha pondina vanyakarudu saadharanamugaa jiva sastramu, vruksha sastramu, genyu sastramu, nela vignaanamu, climatology, hydrology, aardhika saastramulu abhyasimchi undavalenu. ivekaka basics of sociology, raajaneethi sastramu yokka parignaanamu umdadamu anukuulatagaa pariganistaaru. vanyasastra samshthalu antarjaateeya vanyasastra vidyaardhula sanghamu prapanchamulooni vanyasastra vidyaarthulandari samuhamu. vanyasastra vidyaarthula yokka saampradaayika vidyanu pradhamamgaa extracurricular activities, anubhavalu, samachaaramu yokka marpidi dwara vistrutamaina, prapancha vyaapta drukpadhamu kalugajesi merugu parachutaye vaari praadhimika lakshyamu. ivikuda chudandi bhaaratadaesamloe vanya sastramu vruksha sastramu samrakshana jeevasaastramu adivi‌ chetla narikiveta silvikalchar‌ kalapa pattanha ataveekarana aandhra deesha vrukshamulu mana vrukshamulu meeta medha nokkandi bayati linkulu Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education (ICFRE), Dehradun moolaalu Charles H. Stoddard Essentials of Forestry. New York: Ronald Press, 1978. G. Tyler Miller. Resource Conservation and Management. Belmont: Wadsworth Publishing, 1990. Chris Maser. Sustainable Forestry: Philosophy, Science, and Economics. DelRay Beach: St. Lucie Press, 1994. Hammish Kimmins. Balancing Act: Environmental Issues in Forestry. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 1992. Herb Hammond. Seeing the Forest Among the Trees. Winlaw/Vancouver: Polestar Press, 1991. "Forestry" in the Encyclopaedia Brtitannica 16th edition. New York: E.B., 1990. vanya sastramu fr:Sylviculture hu:Erdőgazdálkodás it:Selvicoltura ro:Silvicultură

akkineeni nagarjuna (agustuu 29, 1959na chennailoo janminchina) prasidha telegu cinma natudu, nirmaataa, television vyaakhyaata, autsaahika vyaapaaravettha. ithanu akkineeni nageshwar raao kumarudu. nagarjuna sumaaru 100 paigaa chitralloo natinchaadu. veetilo ekuva bhaagam telegu cinemalu Dum konni tamila, hiindi cinemallo kudaa natinchaadu. nagarjuna natudigaa, nirmaatagaa kalipi tommidhi nandy puraskaralu, muudu dakshinaadi fillm fare puraskaralu, remdu jaateeya chalanachitra puraskaralu andukunnadu. 1989 loo manirathnam darsakatvamlo vacchina geethaanjali cinma athyadhika prajaadaranha pondina chitramga jaateeya puraskaaraanni andhukundhi. 1990 loo raam gopaul varma darsakatvam vahimchina sheva cinma 13 va bhartiya antarjaateeya chalanachitrotsavallo pradarsinchabadindi. adae samvatsaramlone sheva cinma hiindi punarnirmaanamto biollywood loki praveshinchadu. nagarjuna palu jeevita charithra aadhaaritha cinemallo natinchaadu. annamaiah, sriraamadaasu, shiridi saiee, hathiram bhavaji modalaina vaari jeevita charithra cinemallo natinchaadu. 1995 nunchi eeyana cinma nirmaanamloki adugupettadu. annapurna stodios aney sinii nirmaana samsthaku adhineta. haidarabadulo unpurna internationale schul af fillm und media aney labhapekshaleni samshthanu kudaa nadipistunnadu. vyaktigatam nagarjuna suprasidda sinii natulaina akkineeni nageshwar raao, akkineeni unpurna dampatula rendava kumarudu. nagarjuna Hyderabad piblic schul‌loo praadhimika vidyanu, little plover schul‌loo intermediat vidyanu abhyasimchaaru. taruvaata madraas‌loo mechanically enginerring chadivaaru. intani prathma vivaham phibravari 18, 1984 nadu lakshmitho jargindi. eeme prasidha natudu venkateshs ku soodari. veeriruvuru vidaakulu teeskunnaru. taruvaata 1992 juun nelaloe nagarjuna sheva chitramlo sahanati ayina amalanu vivahamadaru. eeme maajii dakshinha bhartiya nati. nagarjunaku iddharu kumaarulunnaaru. modati kumarudu naaga chaitan (puttina tedee novemeber 23, 1986)nati samanta nu vivaahamaadi 6 samvatsaraala tarwata vidaakulu teeskunnadu nagachaitanya. modati bhaarya koduku. akhil (puttina tedee epril 8 1994) rendava bhaarya koduku. cinma jeevithamu nagarjuna modati chitram vikram, 1986 mee 23loo vidudhala ayindhi. yea chitram hiindi chitram heeroki anuvaada roopamu. taruvaata nalaugu chithraalalo natinchina pimmata, eeyana majnu cinemalo vishaadha kathanayakudi patra poeshimchaaru. vishaadha paatralu pooshinchatamloo nagarjuna thandri, nageshwararao suprasiddhulu. nagarjuna, tana tandritho kalsi modhatisaarigaa kalektarugaari abbai chitramlo natinchaaru. sineenati sridevito natinchina aakari poraatam cinma nagarjunaku vijayaanni amdimchina modati chitram. yea chitram 12 kendraalalo 100 roojulu aadidi. taruvaata manirathnam darsakatvam vahimchina premakatha chitram geethaanjali bhaaree vijayaanni saadhinchindi. adbuthamaina sangeetam, manchi kathatho vacchina yea chitram nagarjunanu prema kathaa chitraala naayakudigaa nilabettindi. idi manirathnam neerugaa telugulo darsakatvam vahimchina ekaika chitram., rangopal varma darsakatvam vahimchina action chitram sheva, yea remdu chitramulu peddha vision sadhinchi etanini vijayavantamaina telegu kathaanaayakula sarasana nilabettaayi. nagarjuna nuuthana darsakulanu prothsahinchi thaanu nirminche cinemalaku darsakatvamu vahinche avakaashamu istadanna peruu Pali. yea chithraaniki gaand nagarjuna philimfare utthama natudi awardee andukunnaru. sheva chitranni hindeelo sheva aney perutone punarnirminchi biollywood‌loo kudaa adugupettaru. yea chitram hindilo kudaa bhaaree vijayaanni namoodhu chesindi. president gaari pellaam, hallo bradarr vento chithraalu eeyanaku masses heero annana perunu techipettaayi. aa taruvaata krishna vamshee darsakatvamulo vidudalaina ninne pelladuta bhaareegaa vijayavantamayyindi. aa taruvaata annamaiah chitramulo vaaggeyakaarudu annamaiah paathranu pooshinchee savalunu sweekarinchi vision sadhincharu. yea cinma 42 kendraalalo 100 roojulu paigaa nadichindi. yea chithraaniki gaand nagarjuna modati saarigaa rashtra prabhutvanche utthama natudigaa nandy awardee andukunnaru. yea chitramlo nagarjuna kanaparchina adbhuta natanaku prekshakula nunde kakunda vimarsakula nundi kudaa anek prashamsalu labhinchayi. annamaiah chithraaniki jaateeya sthaayiloo utthama natudi awardee andukunnaru. 2006loo nagarjuna tana thaajaa chithramu shree ramadasulo mukhya paatraina ramadasunu poeshimchi vimarsakula prasamsalandukunnaaru. yea chithraaniki kao.raghavendrarao darsakatvamu vahinchaaru. yea chitramlo natanaku gaand nagarjuna rashtra prabhuthvam nundi mudava saree utthama natudi avaardu andukunnaru. 2008va samvatsaramlo vacchina king cinemalo nagarjuna chosen adbhuta natanaku vimarsakula nundi kudaa prashamsalu vacchai. 2021loo wyld dag cinemalo natinchaadu. puraskaaramulu AndhraPradesh raashtram jaateeya chitra puraskaralu 1997 - ninne pelladata cinma nirminchinanduku gaand telugulo utthama chitramga jaateeya chalanachitra puraskara 1998 - annamaiah cinemalo natinchinanduku jaateeya stayi pratyeka zurie puraskara nandy puraskaralu natudigaa 2011 - rajanna cinemaki gaand nandy pratyeka zurie puraskara 2006 - sriraamadaasulo nandy utthama natudu 2002 - santoshamlo nandy utthama natudu 1997 - annamayyalo nandy utthama natudu; nirmaatagaa: 1996 - ninne pellaadutaa kutumba samethamgaa chudadagga nandy chitram (akkineeni puraskara) 1999 - premakatha nandy moodo atythama chitram 2000 - yuvakudu nandy pratyeka zurie puraskara 2002 - manmadhuda nandy utthama chitram 2011 - rajanna nandy dviteeya utthama chitram; fillm‌fare puraskaralu 1990 - sheva cinemalo utthama natudu. 1996 - ninne pellaadutaa utthama chitra puraskara 1997 - annamaiah cinemalo utthama natudu. dakshinha bharatadesa antarjaateeya chalanachitra puraskara 2012 - rajanna cinimaaku pratyeka prashamsalu; sinii'maa' puraskaralu 2012 - rajanna cinemalo utthama natudigaa pratyeka prashamsalu 2013 - shirdisai utthama natudigaa pratyeka zurie puraskara itara puraskaralu 1990 - sheva cinma ex‌presse puraskara 1996 - ninne pellaadutaa aakriti chitra puraskara 1997 - annamaiah cinemaki skreen videocon puraskara 2000 - aazaad cinemaki AndhraPradesh sinii jarnalistu puraskara 2011- t. subbaramireddy kalaratna puraskara bharatamuni puraskaaraalapa 1989 - geethaanjali cinemaki gaand utthama natudu. 1997 - annamaiah cinemaki gaand utthama natudu. vamshee barkili puraskaralu 1986 - vikram cinemalo utthama natudu. 1990 - sheva cinemalo utthama natudu. yep sinii goyers puraskara 1989 - geethaanjali cinemalo utthama natudu. avy-ivi eeyana tana thandri yokka nirmaana samshtha ayina unpurna studiosni punaruddharinchi telegu cinma parisramaloe edvala kaalamulo ooka vijayavantamaina nirmaatagaa peruu tecchukonnaru. natinchina chithraalu akkineeni vamsa vruksham moolaalu ivi kudaa chudandi akkineeni nageshwararao akkineeni nagarjuna natinchina chithraalu bayati linkulu nagarjuna abhimaanula saitu telegu siniiramgamloo 20 samvastaralu poortichesukunna nagarjuna akkineeni nagarjuna telegu cinma natulu telegu cinma nirmaatalu jeevisthunna prajalu sinii vaarasatvam gala telegu cinma vyaktulu

antastulu - 1965 andamina manasuloe (2008) andari bandhuvaya (2010) andarivaadu - 2005 akkum bakkum - 1996 akkamogudu - 1992 akada ammay ikda abbai - 1996 aggibarata - 1966 aggidora aggi pidugu adivi ramudu - 1977 adivi raza (1985 cinma) adavilo annana athanokkade - 2005 atadu - 2005 attagaaru kottakodalu attagaaru zindabaad attagaaruu swagatam attaporu attalu kodallu attaku koduku maamaku alludu - 1993 attaku yamudu ammayaki moguddu attili sattibabu lkg - 2007 atta okinti kodale - 1958 attakodallu athidhi - 2007 adhrushtam -1992 adurs - 2010 adi nuve - 2010 amrutavarsham - 2006 adi ooka idile (2007) anaganaga aranhyam 2010 anaganaga ooka roeju - 1996 anasooya - 1936 anasooya - 2007 anasuyamma gaari alludu anaadigaa aadadhi anarkali anukunnadi sadhista anukookundaa ooka roeju - 2005 anugraham anubandam - 1983 anubandaali anubhavinchu raza anubhavinchu anuraagabandham anumaanaaspadam - 2007 annana - 1994 annamaiah annayya - 2000 annah thamudu (1990) annah thamudu (1958) annah ny anugraham annaatammula katha annadammula shapatham annaadammula sawal aparichitudu - 2005 aparichitulu appagintalu apuurva sahodarulu (1986 cinma) apuurva sahodarulu (1950 cinma) appula appaaraavu - 1992 appuchesi pappukudu - 1959 abbaaigaaru abbaigari pelli abbaaigaaru - ammayigaaru abhimaanavantulu abhisaarika (cinma) abhilasha - 1983 abhinamdana - 1988 amara prema amarakavi amarajeevi (1956 cinma) amarajeevi (1983 cinma) Amravati - 2009 amaayakudu kadhu asadhyudu amrutakalasam America ramudu amma amma (1975 cinma) amma naanna oa tamila ammay - 2003 amma manasu ammana kodala - 1995 ammaa ammanu chudalanivundi ammaa naagamma ammay kavaali ammay pelli ammay manasu ammayaki moguddu maamaku yamudu ammo alluda ammo okatotarikhu - 2000 ammo polisollu ammadonga - 1995 ammaylu abbailu - 2003 ammoru - 1995 amritha (anuvaadham) - 2002 orabbi veerudu jabak ardhaangi (1996 cinma) ardharaatri - 1968 arnue - 1987 arnue - 2004 arjuna garvabhangamu arunha kiranam arundhati - 2009 allari alludu allari moguddu allari priyudu - 1993 allari pidugu - 2005 allari ramudu - 2002 allari preemikudu alluuri seethaa rama raju alludugaaru alludugaaru vachcharu alludu gaaruu zindabaad alludi choose allavuddin adbhutadeepam - 1957 alibaba adbhutadeepam- 1995 allari pellikoduku allari pillalu allare allari - 2007 aswatthaama ashoka chakraverthy (1989 cinma) ashtalakshmi vaibhavam ashtachamma (2008) asale pellainavaanni asthram - 2005 aayaa ayyare - 2012 ammo bomma - 2001 asaadhyulu asaadhyulaki asadhyudu asadhyudu (1985 cinma) asadhyudu (1968 cinma) asadhyudu (2006 cinma) aahana pellanta - 1987 aahana pellanta - 2011 ahobrahma ohosishya - 1997 agnaatavaasi (2018)

andhrudu aa okkati adakku akali raajyam aakaasa veedhilo aakaasaraamanna - 1965 aakaasaraamanna - 2010 aakari kshanam agustuu 15 ratri agraham aazaad autodriver aadajanma (1970 cinma) aadavari matalaku arthale verule - 2007 - venkateshs, trisha aatma bandhuvulu aadarsam - 1952 aadarsam - 1993 aadarsa kutunbam aadarsa viirulu aadarsa sodharulu aadata aditya 369 anandjyoti anandanilayam anandam anand aama aama yavaru? aama katha aayanakiddaru alibaba 40 dongalu (1970 cinma) alibaba aradajanudongalu aalumagalu (1995 cinma) al‌rounder aavesham (1994 cinma) aavida maa aavide aavide shyamala aavesham (1980 cinma) asaajeevulu asthulu antastulu - 1969 asthulu antastulu - 1988 aaha ahvanam

intlu sravani subramaniam illu pelli - 1993 illu illaalu - 1972 illaalu vardhillu illaalu (1997 cinma) - sari chudaali illaalu (1996 cinma)- sari chudaali illaalu (1981 cinma) illaalu (1965 cinma) illaalu (1940 cinma) - gudavalli ramabrahman darsakatvamlo inns‌pector rudhra inns‌pector prathap inns‌pector Jhansi inns‌pector aswini idhey Mon modati premalekha iddharu iddharu mitrulu iddaruu iddare (1990 cinma) iddaruu iddare (1976 cinma) iddharu monagaallu iddharu pellaala muddhula moguddu idhena prapamcham idhem pellaam baboy idi katha kadhu idaa loekam endhra indrudu chandrudu - 1981 cinma indrudu chandrudu - 1989 cinma indradhanussu (1988 cinma) indradhanussu (1978 cinma) intloo illaalu vantintlo priyuralu intloo ramya veedhilo krishnaiah intloo ramya- (intloo ramya veedhilo krishnaiah, idee okatena? sarichudavalenu ) intini dhiddhina illaalu intinta deepawali inti donga (1987 cinma) inti donga (1964 cinma) inti gouravam inti kodalu inglishu pellaam eeshtu godawari moguddu istham ishtapadi - (paeruloe tappunnatlundi. sarichudali)

oakkadu ooka ooriloo ontari ooka 'v' chitram ontari poraatam ooka voori katha ooka challani ratri ooka chinnamata ooka radha – iddharu krushnulu ooka tupac muudu pittalu ooka naari – vandha thupaakulu ooka pellam muddhu rendo pellam vaddu ooka manasu ooka yodhudu ooka raju ooka raanee ooka roeju raju ooka lyla choose okanati ratri okariki okaru oche oakkadu oche kutunbam oche maata oche raktham okka ammay tappa okka kshanam okka magaadu okkadine okkadunnadu oakkadu Basti 2000loo vidudalaina telegu cinma. shree vaishnavi creeations pathakama nirmimchina yea cinimaaku raviraja pinishetty darsakatvam vahinchaadu. okkade 2005, september 1na vidudalaina telegu chalanachitra. ottu yea ammayevaro teleedu! 2003loo vidudalaina telegu chalanachitra. ottesi cheputunna 2003 loo i. sattibabu darsakatvamlo vidudalaina cinma. orei rikshaw : 1995loo vidudalaina telegu cinma. dasari fillm university nirmimchina yea cinimaaku dasari narayanarao darsakatvam vahinchaadu. moolaalu

kanchu kavacham kanchukota - 1967 kaksha siksha kaksha sadhista kacha devyani - 1938 Kadapa reddemma kattipotu kattula kantaiah kattulakondayya karuninchina kanakadurga - 1992 kalyaana viinha kathanayakudu (1969) kathanayakudu (1984) kathaanaayakuni katha - 1965 kathaanaayakuni katha - 1975 kanakadurga poojaamahima (1973) kannakuturu kannakoduku (1973) kannakodukulu - sarichudali kanhaiya kittayya kannavari kalalu (1974) kannula panduga (1966) kannula panduga (1969) kannemanasulu kannevayasu kanyadanam (1998) karate kamala karpoora dipam karpoora shilpam kalalu kane kallu kalavari cheylleylu kanaka mahaalakshmi kalisochina adhrushtam kalisochina kaalam kollektor garu kalyaana jyothy kalyaana taambuulam kalyaana tilakam kalyaana praaptirastu kalyaana mandapam kalyaanam kalyaani (1960) kalyaani (1979) kavita (1976) kaanchana(cinma) kaadeddulu ekaram nela kaanistebulu koothuru caaru dhiddhina kapuram kaarthika dipam karmika vision kalantakudu callagy callagy bullodu callagy studant kalaratri 12 gantalu kaalaraatrilo kannepilla kaashmeeru bullodu kiler - nagarjuna,nagma,(oorvashi)saradha kirai raudiilu kirayiguunda killadi shekar kilaadi simganna killadi cid 999 kishkinthaakaanda keechuraallu kulama gunama kuka kaatuku cheppu dhebba kurradi-kurraadu kurralla raajyam cooley nam 1 capten capten krishna capten nagarjuna kedi. nem. 1 kedi roudi konte kurrallu kontekapuram kontepilla kondaveety raza kondaveety simham kondaveety rowdii kothha jeevithalu kottaneeru (1982) kokkoro koo kothha kodalu kothha pellikutura raw kothha pellikuturu kottadaari kodama simham kothapeta rowdii kobbaribondam kodanda ramudu konaseema kurrodu Coimbatore khaidee korikale gurraalaite cowboy nem. 1 krishna gaari abbai krishna vaeni krishna leela krishna gaaradee krishna paramaathma krishna thulabharam - 1935 kriminal -

khadgam (cinma) khadgavira khadgaveerudu khatarnak khaidee (cinma) khaidee nem. 786 khaidee kanhaiya khaidee in‌spector khaidee krishnudu khaidee nem: 77 khaidee pelli khaidee baboy khaidee bullodu

ganga yamuna sarasvathi ganges bhavaani gandara gandadu gandharagoolam gamdharva kanya (1979 cinma) gajadonga ganganna gammattu goodhachaarulu gayyali gangamma galata pellillu ganesh grahanum vidichindi gang mister gang‌vaaa‌ gaad‌phadtare‌ gyang leader gaayam Gandhinagar rendava viidhi gtaa geethaanjali (1948 cinma) geethaanjali (1989 cinma) geethaanjali (2014 cinma) gundamma katha gundelu teesina monagadu gupta shaastram guru dakshinha guru braham guru sishyulu (1981 cinma) (sari chudaali) guru sishyulu (1990 cinma) gurushishyulu (sari chudaali) guruvuni minchina shishyudu guvvala janta goondaaraajyam gootilooni ramachilaka guduputani goodachari 003 goodachari 115 (goodachari 116?) guudaachaari nem.1 gruhapravesham (1946 cinma) gruhapravesham (1977 cinma) gruhalaxmi (1938 cinma) - kannaanba, kaanchanamaala gruhalaxmi- 1967 - banumathi, akkineeni nageshwararao gruhalaxmi - 1984 goppinti ammay gopaalaraavu gaari abbai gopaalaraavu gaari ammay gomata vrat goranta dipam golanagamma golaconda gajadonga Goa sea.ai.di 999 gol‌malls govundam goovula gopanna gautam gramadevatalu greekuveerudu gamyam

chantabbai chamti chandirani - 1983 chandmama - 1982 chandmama - 2007 chandmama kadhalu - 2014 chandrahasa - 1965 chandipriya chakram chakravyuham chakrapaani (1954) chattaniki kallulevu chattaniki veyikallu chadaramgam - 1967 chadaramgam - 1984 chaduvukunna bhaarya chalaaki moguddu chaadastapu pellaam challani needa chaanakya shapatham chitram - 2000 chitram bhalare vichitram cintamani - 1956 chikkadu dhorakadu - 1967 chikkadu dhorakadu - 1988 chitty talli Chittoor raanhee padhmini chinna kodalu chinnarayudu chinnalludu chinnari chittibabu chinnari devatha tiny tiny aasha chrianjeevi - 1969 chrianjeevi - 1985 chilaka gorinka chilipi moguddu chillara devullu chillarakottu chittemma chillara moguddu allari koduku cheekati suuryulu chuttarikaalu chuttaalostunnaaru Sambhal chudalanivundi choopulu kalasina shubhavela chenchulakshmi - 1943 chenchulakshmi - 1958 chengalwa poodanda chettukinda pledaru cheyyetthi jaikottu - 1969 cheyyetthi jaikottu - 1979 cheylleyli choose chavili rahasyam chetilo cheyyesi cheppu chosen baasalu chaitanyaradham

zayam zayam manadera jagath kantreelu jagath jentreelu jagath monagallu jagadekaveerudu- atiloka sundari jagadguru aadata sankaracharya jaganmohini jagannadham & sons jadagantalu judgi gaari kodalu genaral chaudhari jamindaru jaisimha jaisimha jargina katha jarugutunna katha jaladeepam jangil raanee janthuprapancham jambalakidipamba justices rudrama divi jaakpaatlo goodachari johnny - 1985 jaalii jevana ganga jevana taramgaalu jevana thiraalu jevana poraatam jeevita khaidee jeevita chakram jeevita bandham jeevita rangam jeevitharatham jeevithalu geass (cinma) joo lakataka j gantalu gentil man gn bhajrangabali gn bhetal gn chiranjeeva jwaalaadeepa rahasyam jha Jhansi raanee jhummandinaadam (cinma)

thandri tandree kodukula chaalenje taram marindi - 1977 talli talli godawari talli bidda thallee koothullu talle challani dhaivam taatha manavudu taatammakala tataya pelli manavadi sobhanam tataya premalekhalu thaathaa manavadu tayaramma taamdava krishna taarakaprabhuni deekshaamahimalu tasildar gaari ammay thirupathamma katha Tirupati - 1974 toofan mail thella gulaabilu tehene manasulu - 1965 tehene manasulu - 1987 teneteega (cinma) tolikodi koosindi tolipoddu (cinma) toliprema tolimuddu thokaleni pitta todikodallu - 1957 todikodallu - 1994 thodoo needa - 1983 thodoo needa - 1965 tyaagyya - 1981 tyaagyya - 1946 triloka sundari

dattaputrudu darza donga dasavataramulu (1962 cinma) dasavataramulu (1976 cinma) daagudu moothalu (1986 cinma) daana viira suura karnan daasi dubaayi sheenu dekshith (1974 cinma) deergha sumangali deergha sumangali bhava debbaka thaa dongala mutaa debbaka dhebba devakanya devatha (1941 cinma) devatha (1965 cinma) devatha (1982 cinma) devatalara devinchandi devdas (1953 cinma) (akkineeni nageshwararao, sawithri) devdas (1974 cinma) (krishna) devdas (2006 cinma) (ramya, iliana) deshamante manushuloy divi (cinma) deevee dharshanam deevee sreedevi devudichina bhaarya Dewas (cinma) Dewas chosen pelli Dewas chosen manshulu Dewas mavayya devudunnadu Sambhal devuni roopaalu devullu desamlo dongalu paddaru desadrohulu (1964 cinma) desadrohulu (1995 cinma) desamuduru desoddhaarakulu desoddhaarakudu (1986 cinma) daiva saasana donga (cinma) donga kapuram donga kollu donga gaaruu swagatam donga dora dongaraamudu - 1955, 1988 remdu cinemalu donga notu donga moguddu donga roskell donganu vadilithe dhorakadu dongala doopidii dongala vaeta dongallo dora (1985 cinma) dongallo monagadu dora bidda doragaariki donga pellaam dorababu doralu dongalu (1969 cinma) doralu dongalu (1976 cinma) doravaarintlo dongodu dorikite dongalu (1965 cinma) dorikite dongalu (1989 cinma) doopidii dongalu doshi doshi nirdoshi droohi (1995 cinma) drowpadi maanasamrakshanam - 1936 drowpadi vastraapaharanam - 1936

narsimha narasimhudu narthanasala Mon alludu Mon illu Mon vaallu Mon illae Mon svargam Mon desam Mon paerae bhagavan Mon matante Mon moguddu bramchari naamdi naaga kanya naaga jyothy naaga moehini - 1959 naaga moehini - 1979 naaga sakta nagadevata (1986 cinma) nagamohini nadu –nedu naani naamaala tataya nayakan – vinayakudu naayakulaku sawal naayudugaari abbai naari naari naduma muraari naalugilla chaavadi nalaugu stambhaalaata ninne pellaadutaa nirnayam nindu dampatulu nindu humanity nindu noorellu nijam chebithe nammaru nijam chebithe nerama ninnu choosaka ny choose niku anaku pellanta needa needa laeni aadadhi nuve kavaali nuvu anaku kavaali nuvu anaku nachavu nuvvostanante nenoddantana nuvva nenaa neenu ninnu premistunnanu neenu – Mon desam neenu – maa aavida nene raju – nene manthri neeram naadhi kadhu neeram naadikaadu – aakalidi neramu – siksha noomula panta nyayam choose nyayam meerae cheppaali

puncha kalyani puncha kalyani dongala raanee panchabhoothaalu (1979 cinma) panjaramlo pasipapa pandanti jeevanam panduga (1998 cinma) pandhiri mancham pagasadhista patalam paandu putnam pilla palletuuri chinnodu padamati sandhyaragam padaharella vayasu padmaavatii kalyanam pannendu sutralu paramashivudu paramanandayya shishyula katha parameshwari mahaatyam parashurama (cinma) palnati puli palnati powrusham palnaati iddam (1947 cinma) palnaati iddam (1966 cinma) palnaati rudraiah palletuuri baava pavithra bandham - 1971 pavithra bandham - 1996 pasi hrudayaalu pasivadi praanam pasivani paga pachchani sansaram (1970 cinma) pachchani sansaram (1993 cinma) paruvu prathista - 1963 paruvu prathista - 1993 paadipantalu pandurangadu-2008 panduranga mahatyam paataalabhairavi - 1951 paadukaa pattabhisheka (1932 cinma) paadukaa pattabhisheka (1945 cinma) paadukaa pattabhisheka (1966 cinma) papam pasivadu paapikondalu (cinma 1986) paape maa praanam paarijaata paalamanasulu plu neella pichi pulayya pichhodi pelli pitala dora pillajamindaaru pillajameendar (2011 cinma) pillanacchindi pillalu diddinakapuram puttinti pattuchiira puttinillu - mettinillu punhya dampatulu punhyam koddi Karli punyastri puttadi bomma punnami chandrudu pushpakavimanam poojaku panikiraani poovu puula maala puula rangadu prudvee raj peddha koduku peddakkayya peddha manshulu pedarayudu peddarikam peddannaiah pedabaabu pellante noorella panta pellam chebithe vinali pellama mazaka pelli pelli kanuka - 1960 pelli kanuka -1998 pelli goola pelli choopulu (1983 cinma) pelli choopulu (2016 cinma) pellichesi chuudu pelli chessi chupistam pelli niku akshintalu anaku pelli pandhiri pelli peetalu pelli roeju pelli sambandam - 1970 pelli sambandam - 2000 pellikaani illaalu pellikoduku ammabadunu pellitaamboolam pellineeku subham anaku pellimeeda pelli pellam oorelithe pellam pichhodu pellaamtoe panenti pelli pustakam paedaraasi peddhamma katha paedala bratukulu pairana paila pachchees pottipleedaru pottelu ponnamma pokiri pokiriraja pokillaraayudu plays bradars plays venkatarama swamy poest maen prachanda bairavi (1985 cinma) prachanda bairavi (1965 cinma) praja raajyam praja sakta prannoy gitam pratijn (1982 cinma) pratigna (1996 cinma) pratignaa paalana - 1965 prathista prayathnam (1991 cinma) prayathnam (2005 cinma) pralayarudrudu praanam kharidu prardhana priya bandhavi priyatamaa priyaa priyamaina niku priya bandhavi premavijayam - 1936 - idi telugulo modati sanghika chitram prema-paga prema und koo. prema entamadhuram prema katha prema kanuka prema kiriitam prema choose prema khaidee prema chitram pellivichitram prema chosen pelli prema jeevulu prema deepaalu prema panjaram prema pallaki prema pichollu prema prayanam prema bandham prema mandiram prema iddam prema vijaeta prema sankellu prema saamraat premataramgaalu premadrohi premalu - pellillu preminche pelli chesuko preminchemanasu premenapranam preranha prema (1952 cinma) prema (1989 cinma) premante idera prematho raw prema laekha prema desam prema yuddam premaku velayera prema paavuraalu praemikulu premikularoju praeminchu preminchukundam raw preeyasi raave

balipeetampai bharatanari balavantapu pelli balarama srikrishna katha bazaaru rowdii badi pantulu basteelo bhootam bastipilla bhaledonga basthi kilaadeelu babruvahana bangarulakshmi bangarubata bangarugudi bagare sankellu bagare moguddu bagare maama bagare humanity bagare manasulu bangarupapa - 1954 b.ene.reddy darsakatvamlo bagare bhuumii (1982 cinma) bagare picchuka bagare panjaram bagare chiluka bagare gaajulu bagare kutunbam (1994 cinma) bagare kutunbam (1971 cinma) bandhuvulu baandhavyaalu bamdipoetu mutaa baavaa baavaa panneeru bavamaradallu baavalu anubhavalu baavagaaru bagunnara baava baavamaridi baava dhiddhina kapuram baala bhaaratam balraju - 1948 - rajatotsavam jarupukunna tholi telegu chitram balarajugari bangarupallem balamurali em.e balanagamma (1959 cinma) balanagamma (saantaa 1942 cinma) balanagamma (1942 cinma) - jeminiwari chitram barrishter paarvateesam babayi abbai bodd boys bagdad veerudu bagunnara baandhavyaalu babayi hottal baay‌friend big‌bass bobbili raza bombaayi bujjigadi baboy burripalem chinnodu burripalem bullodu bullabbai pelli bullemma shapatham bebbuli vaeta betala manthrikudu bobbili roudi bommalu cheppina katha brathukee ooka pandaga brahmamudi brahmarudrudu zbahubali

baktha kanakadasu baktha vision bhakthudu bhagavantudu bhagavadgeeta (cinma) bhadhram koduko bhayankar guudaachaari bhale khaidilu bhale thamudu (1985 cinma) bhale dongalu bhale pellaam bhale bullodu (1981 cinma) bhale bullodu (1995 cinma) bhale bayam bhale sooggaadu bhavnani baktha pothana(1942 cinma) - Chittoor nagaiah pothanagaa natinchina charithrathmaka chitram baktha pothana(1966 cinma) - gummadi pothanagaa natinchaadu. Chittoor nagaiah indhulo ooka chinna patra poeshimchaadu. bhaktaprahlada (cinma) - 1931 - idi tholi telegu tockey. hetch.emm.reddy nirminchinadi baktha prahaladha (1942 cinma) - chitrapu narayanamurthy darsakatvam vahinchinadi. baktha prahaladha (1967 cinma) - baby rojaramani prahlaadunigaa natinchina chitram. bhagyarekha - 1957 bhagyalakshmi (1984 cinma) bhaagyavantulu bhaaratam bhaarya bharyabharthalu - 1961 bhaaryaabhartala bhagotam bhaaryaabhartala sambandam bhavipourulu bharitiyudu bhiishma pratigna - 1921 ' idi tholi telegu muuga cinma' bhiishma pratigna - 1965 bhukailas (1940 cinma) bhukailas (1958 cinma)‌ bhuumii choose bhuuloekamloe yamalokam bholaa shankarudu bairavi

magaadu ene. ti. ramarao magaadu raajasheekhar manasunna humanity matti manshulu madanakamaraju katha madraas tu Hyderabad Mathura swapnam madhuranagarilo manadesam manavoori pandavas-1978 manii manii manii humanity mrugamu -1976 manshulu marali - 1969 shobhan badu, saradha manshulu - mattibommalu-1974 manshulu mamatalu - 1965 manmatha manmadhuda manorama -1959 manoharam - 2000 manohara - 1954 marana saasanam - 1987 marana mridangam mro sathe katha - 1979 mro charithra mallishwari - 1951 - b.ene.reddy, banumathi, ene.ti.orr. mallishwari(2004 cinma) - 2004 - venkateshs, katrina kaif mahaa humanity mahabharatham (cinma) mangala thoranaalu - 1979 mangamma sapatham - 1965 mangala gauri - 1980 mangalasuutram -1966 mangala-1951 mangamma gaari manavadu - 1984 mande gundelu - 1979 mantravaadi-1959 manchi mitrulu - 1968 manchi roeju - 1977 manchithanam ledhu -1979 manchi humanity - 1964 ene. ti orr, jayamuna, jaggaya manchi manasuku manchi roojulu - 1958 manchi manasu - 1978 manchi manasulu (1962 cinma) manchi manasulu (1986 cinma) manchi babayi - 1978 manchi chedu - 1963 manchi choose - 1975 manchi kutunbam (1967 cinma) manchi kutunbam (1989 cinma) manchu pallaki - 1982 maa inti aadapaduchu maa inti katha maa inti devatha maa inti premayanam maa iddhari katha maa voori ammay maa voori devatha maa vaari manchithanam maa voori magaadu maa uulloo mahaasivudu maa dhaivam maa naanna nirdoshi maa palleloo gopaludu maa bangarakka maa balaji maa bhuumii maaku swatamtram vacchindi maata choose mangalyame maguva dhanam maa moguddu bramchari (namogudu bramchari?) matri devatha matri bhuumii manavudu - danavudu - 1972, 1999 manavude mahaneeyudu manaollu mamatalu maamaku tagha kodalu maaya ramba mayalokam - 1945 mayadari alludu mayadari manshulu maayaa bazzar (1936 cinma) mayabazaar - 1957 cinma mayabazaar (1995 cinma) mayabazaar (2006 cinma) mayamachindra maayaa maschindra mayamaschindra (1975 cinma) maayaa mahal rahasyam maayaa moehini (1962 cinma) maayaa moehini (1985 cinma) maalapilla - 1938- kaanchanamaala natinchindi. unnava laxminarayan navala aadhaaramga vacchina sandeshaathmaka chitram. mawa bagunnava? mavidakulu mavuri peddamanushulu mavuri maharaju mastarammayi masses mister kilaadi mastari kapuram mister misamma - 1955 misamma (2003 cinma) mister pellam minister mahaalakshmi missu juliaa prema katha mister Bharhut mister rajanikanth mister vijay mister heero munia (1974 cinma) mukku pudaka muggurammayilu muggurammayilu muudu hatyalu muguru attala muddhula alludu muguru monagallu munna - 2007 mutaa mestri midda mandhaaram muripinche muvvalu munusubu gaari alludu muthyamantha muddhu - 1989 mutyaalamuggu muddhula priyudu muddhu paapa mulla kiriitam mulla puvvu mussugu veerudu muhurta balm muuga jeevulu muuga noomu muuga vaani paga muuga manasulu (1961 cinma) muuga manasulu (1964 cinma) muudu puvvulu aaru kayalu muudu mulla bandham muuda nammakalu mcanique mavayya merupu daadi merupu veerudu maenarikam - 1954 maena maama maeri maata menattakuturu maymay monagallu mainaru badu mondighataalu mondimogudu pemki pellam moguda- pellama moguddu garu moguddu pellaala dongaata moguddu pellaalu modati anubhavam monagadostunnadu Sambhal monagallaku monagallu monagallu mosagallu - monagadu-moesagaadu? mosagallaku moesagaadu-1971 mosagallaku sawal moehana rgam mohinee vision mohinee shapatham mouna gitam mohinee rukmangada (1962 cinma) mohinee rukmangada (1937 cinma) mouna poraatam mounaraagam mrugatrushna mrugaraju

rangavalli rangulakala rangeli raza rambalostunnaru Sambhal ramba-ramababu rakta kanniru rakta sambandam rakta sindhooram raktajwala ragile jwaala ragilegundelu raguluthunna bharatam raghuramudu ratnamala rathi manmadhuda rathasaaradhi rakshana rakshakudu rakshasarajyam raghavayya gaari abbai raja rajadhani (cinma) rajasimham ravanna raazi naapraanam - 1954 raju raanhee jaaki raju vedale rajendrudu-gajendrudu rajseshwari kalyanam raaneekaasula rangamma radha kalyanam radha krishna radhamma pelli ramachiluka ramarajyamlo-raabandulu ramarajyamlo bhiima raju ramarajyamlo rakta paatam raamaayanam (cinma) raamaalayam (cinma) ramudu-parasuramudu ramudu-bhiimudu ramudu-rangadu ramude demudu ramya-raheem ramya-raabart-rahiv raayudugaaru-naayudugaaru raao - gopaalaraavu raavugaarintlo roudi ravugaarillu reall stoeri rudhra viinha remdu rella aaru remdu kutumbala katha rendujellaseeta rendo krishnudu raitukutumbam raitubidda (1939 cinma) - 1939 - gudavalli ramabrahman nirmaanam - nishedheempabadina modati telegu cinma raitubidda (1971 cinma) railudopidi roojaa roojulu maaraayi (1955 cinma) - akkineeni nageshwararao, shavukari janaki, vaheedaa rehaman roojulu maaraayi (1984 cinma) - gummadi, noothan prasad, prabha, rajendraprasad roudhram ranam rudhiram - 2021 - juunior ene.ti.orr, ramya caran

lava kusha ene.ti.orr, anjali, kanta raao lav lanke bindelu lambadolla ramdasu calam, rojaramani lakkichans lakshmana lakshmana raekha jayasudha lakshmi puuja lakshminilayam lakshminivasam yess.v.rangarao, anjali, krishna lav in andhra lav in Khajuraho lav marage. lav storei 1999 lahiri lahiri laahiriloo laathee chharge lall salaam little solzers lingababu lav‌storei leedee bass loekam chuttina veerudu loekam marali moolaalu

vandematharam (1939 cinma) vandematharam (1982 cinma) vandematharam (1985 cinma) vamsa gouravam vamsodhaarhaarakudu vakil‌ sab Barasat vasantha kookila vasantham vadhina maata vadinagaari gaajulu (1955 cinma) vaddu baavaa thappu vass by tu vayasu pilichindi vayasochina pilla varavikrayam - 1939 - banumathi modati chitram vasantha saena vastade maa baava vastad varasudu vaammo vaatto waa pellama varalabbai valujeda tolu beltu vintha illu Bazar goola vintha katha vintha kapuram vintha dampatulu vichithra vivaham vijaya ramaraju vijayaaniki sankellu vijaeta vikram vipranarayana - 1954 vimukthi choose vivaaha bandham visala hrudayaalu viswanaadha chakraverthy vishwamohini visha kanya weedu samanyudu kaadu veedevadandi babuu veerabhimanyu (1936 cinma) veerabhimanyu - 1965 - shobhan badu kathaanayakunigaa natinchina modati chitram veelunaamaa - 1965 venkateswar vaibhavam venkateswar vrata mahaatyam velugu needalu vemana charithra vaikumtha ramudu wife af v. varaprasada ( (vijaeta (chrianjeevi)

shekar daadaa zindabaad -2007 sivamettina sathyam - 1980 sankarabharanam - 1979 sivudu sivudu sivudu -1983 sivudu - 2001 sheva - 2005 (dharshakudu - sathyam) shambhu - 2003 shabaash shabaash ramudu - 1964 shabaash suri - 1959 sivakashi - 2003 shivaranjani - 1978 sheva sakta - 1991 sivaleelalu - 1995 shivamani - 2003 sloka - 2005 sivarayya - 1998 shivanna- 2000 sivaataandavam sasirekha parinayam - 2008 shridevi sriraamaraajyam (cinma) - 2012 shree rajarajeswari - 2001 sarma- 2002 sriraamachandrulu - 2004 shree mahaalakshmi- 2007 shree krishna maaya shree krishna garadi shree krishna vision shree krishna vision (1971) shree manjunath- 2004 shree jagadguru aadisankara shree kanaka mahaalakshmi recording daawns troupe - 1988 shree aanjaneyam - 2004 shree krishna 2006 shree - 2005 shravana sandhya - 1986 shravana sukravaaram sraavanamaasam - 2005 srikrushnasatya -1971 shree datta darsanam - 1983 shanthi sandesam sreekaaram - 1996 srimadviraata parvamu - 1979 srimadvirat veerabrahmendra charithra- 1984 srimannarayana - 2012 shreemathi kalyanam - 2009 srimathi vellosta - 1998 srinath kavisarvabhouma - 1993 srivaru sobhanam -1985 srivaru chindulu - 1991 shreemathi ooka bahumati - 1987 srivaru korika srivaru priyuralu - 1994 sreevaaru srutilayalu- 1987 subhaleka - 1982 subhalekhalu - 1998 subhavartha- 1998 subhodayam - 1980 shubhavela - 2000 subham (2008) subhamasthu - 1995 subhapradam - 2010 subhsh chandrabose - 2005 subhaaseessulu shubhaakaankshalu - 1997 sheva - 1989 shubha sankalpam - 1995 shubhaakaankshalu - 1997 subhalagnam - 1994 subhamuhurtam (1997) subhamuhurtam (1983) shobhanaraatrulu srungara Karli shravana sandhya shravana meghalu shreekaakulha aandhra mahaavishnuvu katha - 1966 sridatta darsanam srivariki prema laekha -1984 shree edukondalaswamy - 1991 shree gowrii mahatyam shree chamundeshwari mahima shree Tirupati venkateswar mahatyam shree venkateswar mahatyam - 1960 shree venkateswar mahatyam(1939 cinma) shree devikamakshi kataksham shree rajeswari vilas cofficlub - 1976 shree vasavi kanyakaa parameshwari mahatyam shree viira brahmendra swamy shree sharda saayibaabaa mahatyam shree saimahima shree simhaachala kshethra mahima shree sitharama jananam - 1937 shree seethaaraamula kalyaanam chutamu rarandi - 1998 srikatnalilalu - 1985 srikrishna leelalu (1935 cinma) srikrishna pandaveeyam - 1966 srikrishna thulabharam (1966) sreekrishnaanjaneya iddam - 1972 shree krishnaavataaram - 1967 srinivasaa kalyaanam - 1987 shreemathi kanuka - 1986 sriramanjaneya iddam (1975) srisaila bhramarambika kataksham srivaru mucchatlu - 1981 shree shree shree maryaadha ramanna - 1967

santosham sampat kumar sakhi saptapadi sathee anasooya - 1957 sathee anasooya - 1971 sakkubai(cinma) - 1935 sathee sakkubai - 1945 sathee sakkubai - 1965 sathee thulasi - 1936 sarasala sooggaadu - 1993 samarasimhareddy sampuurnha raamaayanam cirkus kilaadeelu sahasra sirachcheda apuurva cintamani - 1960 saagara sangaman saft touuch Mon hrudayamlo nidurinche cheyle - "Mon hrudayamlo nidurinche cheyle" anede vaerae cinma. taruvaata sari chudaali. salepurugu shakshi (1967) sea.ai.di sindhooram siripuram monagadu sirivennela simha (2010) simha garjana (1978) simha garjana (1995) simha swapnam siddarth cinema pichhodu sathe giitha daatithe siitamma santhaanam seethaalu - 1984 siitaaratnam gaari ammay siitaakalyaanam (cinma) - 1934 - chitrapu narasimharao darsakatvamlo, kannaanba natinchinadi sitharama kalyaanam - 1961 - nandmuri taaraka ramarao, b.sarojaa divi siitaakalyaanam - 1976 - baapu darsakatvamlo seethaaraamakalyaanam sitamalakshmi sumangali - 1940 sumangali - 1965 sumangali - 1989 sundaravadana subbulakshmi moguddu sundari subbaaraavu sukhadukkhaalu - 1967 subbaraoku koopamvacchindi suupar(nagarjuna,aayosha tacia,anoushka) suupar ex presse - 1991 suutradhaarulu suryah ai.p.yess suryah puthrika suryah vansha suryudu (cinma) setubandhanam - 1946 soggadi pellam somu stewartupuram dongalu stewartupuram policestation state‌roudi steshion‌mister street fighter sthree (1966) sthree (1973) sthree janma swatanter bhaaratam - 1991 swayam prabha svayamkrushi swaraabhishekam swarnakamalam swathi muthyam swathi kiranam swaatantryaaniki vupiri poyyandi swathi chinukulu swamy vaibhavam swaamidroehulu snaeha bandham

"ksha" thoo modhalayye telegu cinemala jaabithaa: kshana kshanam : ramya gopaul varma darsakatvamlo venkateshs kathaanayakudugaa 1991loo vidudalaina telegu chitram. sheva anoohya vision taruvaata ramagopalavarma nundi vachi ghanavijayam sadhinchina chitram. chitrakatha nija kaalam konni gantalu ledha rojulugaane tisukuni konni sanghatanalakurputo kothha taraha chithreekarananu telegu cinimaaku parichayam chosen chitram. yea chitram ghanavijayam saadhinchindi. kshemamga velli laabhamgaa randi 2000 loo raza vannemreddy darsakatvamlo vidudalaina chitram. indhulo srikant, rajendra prasad, brahmaandam, roojaa, kovy sarala mukhyapaatrallo natinchaaru. moolaalu

rasaayanasaastram (in Greek: χημεία) chaala vistrutam. ituvante vistrutamayina shaasthraanni ekandiiga adhyayanam cheyyatum kastham. anduakni chinna chinna khandaalugaa vidagotti pariseelistaam. atuvantappudu konni konni ansaalu anek khandaalalo padhe padhe punaraavrutam kaaka tappadu. moulikamgaa cheppukoovaalantee, rasaayanasaastramlo padhaartha lakshanaalani (material properties) adhyayanam chesthaam. ooka padaartham (matter) maroka padaarthamthoo samyogam chendinappudu emavutundi? ooka padaartham sakta (energy) thoo kalasinappudu emavutundi? ooka padaartham maroka padaarthamgaa yeye sandarbhaalalo maarutundi? ituvante prasnalaki samaadhaanaalu rasaayanasaastramlo dorkutayi. ooka padaartham maroka padaarthamthoo kalasinappudu jarigee panine rasayana procedure (chemical reaction) antaruu. yea prakreeyalo padaarthamlo unna konni rasayana bandhalu (chemical bonds) sadali kothha kothha bandhalu erpadatayi. padaartham, (udaaharanaki: manam koorchune kurchee, peelche gaalani) anuvu (molecule) l samudaayam. prathi anuvu loanu konni paramaanuvu (atom) lu untai. paramaanuvu antharbhaagamlo elctron, phootaan, newtron vento upaparamaanu bhaagaalu (sub-atomic particles) lu untai. ayinappatikee, mana dhainandhina jeevitamlo manki tarasapadevi, mana anubhava paridhiloo imidevi anuvulu, vaati rasayana lakshanhaalu. kanni yea rasayana lakshanaalani nirnayinchedi anuvulu, vaati Madhya umdae rasayana bandhalu. udaaharanaki, ukku drudhangaa undante danki kaaranam ukku banuvulo unna anuvula amarika, vaati Madhya unna rasayana bandhaala sakta. karra mandutunnadante karralo unna karbanam (carbon) gaalilo unna aamlajani (oxygen) thoo rasayana samyogam chendhindhi kanuka. gadi ushnograta (room temperature) oddha neee drava ruupamloe undante danki kaaranam neeti banuvulalo unna anuvulu vaati irugu porugu anuvulatho pravartinche vidhaanam anukuulinchindi kanuka. aa matakoste yea vaakyaalu meeru chadavagalugutunnarante danki kaaranam yea vakyala medha padda kanthi punjam paraavarthanam chendi, mee kantlo pravaesinchi, kanti venuka retiina medha unna praanyamu (protein) banuvulatho rasayana samyogamu chendatame. akharu mataga, yea vaakyaalu chadhuvuthunna chaduvarulaki idantha ardam avutondante danki kaaranam kudaa vaari vaari medadulalo jarigee rasayana prakriyale. rasaayanasaastramlo chaaala vibhagalunnayi. yea vibhagallo konni itara vibhaagaalato militamayi gaani, sambandhanni kaligi gaani unna vibhagalu kudaa chaaala unnayi. vishlaeshanhaatmaka rasayanam (Analytical chemistry) vishlaeshanhaatmaka rasayanam antey ooka padaarthamuloo yeye aamsaalu yeye paallalloo unnaayo (chemical composition), ayah amsaala aamarika (structure) aemito visleshana (analysis) chessi adhyayanam chese shaastram. yea vibhaagaanni adhyayanam cheyyataniki ganitham vupayogapaduthundi. jiva rasayanam (Biochemistry) jiva rasayanam antey jiva padaarthamu (organism) loo jarigee samyoga, viyogaadi prakriyalani adhyayanam chese shaastram. yea vibhaagaanni adhyayanam cheyyataniki jeevasaastram, rasaayanasaastram rendoo vachi vundali. anaangika rasayanam ledha vikarbana rasayanam (Inorganic chemistry) vikarbana rasayanam antey - sarvasadhaaranamgaa - karbanam (carbon) aney muulakaanni minahaayinchagaa migilina muulakaalatoe erpade rasaayanaalanii, rasayana prakriyalani adhyayanam chese shaastram. anaangika rasayanam, aangika rasayanam aney vichakshana nishkarshaga cheyyalemu. udaaharanaki, aangikaloha rasayanam (organometallic chemistry) loo yea rakam vibhajana sadhyam kadhu. yea vibhajanalannee adhyyana saukaryam kosamey. aangika rasayanam (Organic chemistry) ledha karbana rasayanam (carbon chemistry) karbana rasayanam antey - sarvasadhaaranamgaa - karbanam (carbon) migilina muulakaalatoe samyogam chendhatam will erpade rasaayanaalanii, vaati kattadinee, vatilo jarigee rasayana prakriyalanee adhyayanam chese shaastram. bhautika rasayanam (Physical chemistry) bhautika rasaayanamlo rakarakaala rasayinaka prakriyala venaka umdae bhautika sootraalani, niyamaalani parimaanaatmaka (quantitative) drushtitoe adhyayanam chestaaru. antey yeye bhautika shaasthrapu punaadula medha rasayana soudham nirminchabadindo vichaarana jarudutundhi ikda. yea sandarbhamlo mukhyamgaa adhyayanam chese amsaalaloo konni: rasayana taapagatisaastram (chemical thermodynamics), rasayana kriyagamanasastram (chemical kinetics), gananka yaantrikasaastram (statistical mechanics), and varnamaalaasaastram (spectroscopy). bhautika rasayanam, anhu bhautikasastram (molecular physics) - yea rendinti Madhya chaala ummadi aamsaalu undabatti vitini vargaluga vidagottatam kastham. siddhaantika rasayanam (Theoretical chemistry) siddhaantika rasayanam antey ganita (mathematics) siddhaantaalanii, bhautika (physics) siddhaantaalanii upayogisthoo rasaayanasaastraanni adhyayanam cheyyatum. mukhyamgaa, bhautikasaastramlo vupa bhagamaina kvaantm gamanasaastraanni (quantum mechanics) upayoginchinappudu dhaanini kvaantm rasayanam (quantum chemistry) antaruu. rendava prapanchayuddham tadupari kalanayantraala vaadika vistrutamgaa perigina medhata kalana rasayanam (computational chemistry) aney kothha vibhaagam puttindi. ikda kalana kramanikalu (computer programs) upayoginchi rasayana samasyalani parishkaristaaru. siddhaantika rasayanam, banu bhautikasastram (molecular physics) - yea rendinti Madhya chaala ummadi aamsaalu unnayi. itara rasayana rangaalu nakshthra rasayanam (Astrochemistry), vaataavarana rasayanam (Atmospheric chemistry), rasayana sthaapathya shaastram (Chemical Engineering), vidyut‌ rasayanam (Electrochemistry), paryavarana rasayanam (Environmental chemistry), graha rasayanam (Geochemistry), padhaartha shaastram (Materials science), vydya rasayanam (Medicinal chemistry), banu jeevasaastram (Molecular Biology), anukendra rasayanam ledha kanika rasayanam (Nuclear chemistry), aangikaloha rasayanam (Organometallic chemistry), silaa rasayanam (Petrochemistry), aushadha rasayanam (Pharmacology), chaya rasayanam (Photochemistry), bahubhaga rasayanam (Polymer chemistry), bruhat banu rasayanam (Supramolecular chemistry), uparithal rasayanam (Surface chemistry), taapa rasayanam (Thermochemistry), modhalagunavi. moulikaamsaalu naamakaranaalu rasayana mishramaalaki perlu pettatam (nomenclature) ashamashy vyavaharam kadhu. lakshala paibadi unna viitiki ooka krama paddhatilo perlu pettakapothe tarwata ibbandhi padavalasi osthundi. anduakni antarjaateeya oppandaala prakaaram viitiki perlu pettatam sulabham. aangika (karbana) rasaayanaalaki (Organic compound) avalambinche paddathi okati, anaangika (vikarbana) rasaayanaalaki (inorganic compound) avalambinche paddathi marokati. anuvulu anuvu garbhamlo dhanavesamaina (positively charged) kanika (nucleus) umtumdi. yea kanika leka kendrakamlo protonlu (protons), newtranlu (neutrons) aney paramaanhuvulu (atomic particles) untai. yea kanika chuttuu pariveshtitamai ooka electronu megham (electron cloud) umtumdi. kanikalo yenni dhana vidyudaavesamaina (positively charged) protanulu unnaayo yea meghamlo anni runa vidyudaavesamaina (negatively charged) electronulu untai. anevalla anuvuki e rakamaina vidyudaavesamuu undadhu. muulakaalu oche ooka 'jaati' anuvulatho unna padhaarthaanni moolakam (element) antaruu. idhey vishayanni maroka vidhamgaa kudaa cheppochu. ooka moolakamlo unna anuvulannitiloonuu protanula janaba okkate. yea protanula janabhane aa moolakam yokka paramaanhu sanka (atomic number) antaruu. udaaharanaki, aare aaru protanulu kanikalo unna anuvulannee kudaa karbanam anuvule! kanuka karbanam (carbon) aney rasayinaka moolakam yokka paramaanhu sanka 6. idhey vidhamgaa 92 protanulu kanikalo unna anuvulannee kudaa euranium (uranium) anuvulu. kanuka euranium yokka anhu sanka 92. muulakaalani, vaati lakshanaalani adhyayanam cheyyataniki entho anukuulamaina panimuttu aavartana pattika (periodic table). yea pattikani hotelu bhavanamla oohinchukoovachchu. yea bhavananlo edu antastulu, remdu neelamaaligalu unnatlu oohinchukovaali. prathi antastulonu okati nundi padnaalugu gadhulu varku undochu. okokka gadiki okokka muulakaanni ketayincheru. rasayinaka lakshanaalalo polikalu unna muulakaalannii daggara daggara gadulalo (antey, oche niluva varusalo umdae gadhulu, pakka pakkani umdae gadhulu ani thatparyam) undaetatlu amarchabadi untai. yea bhavananlo anno anthasthullo, anno gadhiloo e moolakam undhoo telisina medhata aa moolakam rasayinaka lakshanaalannii manam puusagucchinatlu cheppochu. idi elaa saadhya padutundante - ooka moolakamloni kanikalo yenni protanulu unnaayo aa kanika chuttuu paribhraminche meghamlo anni electronulu untai kada. yea meghame anuvu yokka baahya prapanchamthoo samparkam pettukogaladu. kanuka anuvu yokka rasayinaka lakshanhaalu elaa undaalo yea megham nirnayistundhi. aavartana pattikani adhyayanam cheyyatum will yea rakam vishayalu koolankashamgaa ardam avthayi. sammelanamulu sammeelhanam (compound) antey konni rasayana muulakaalu nirdhaaritamaina paallalloo rasayana samyogam chendhatam will tayarayina padaartham. udaaharanaki vudajani (hydrogen) remdu paallu, aamlajani (oxygen) ooka plu rasayana samyogam chendagaa vacchina sammelaname neee (water or H2O). antekaani isaka, panchadaara kalapaga vachchinadi mishramam (mixture) avuthundi kanni sammeelhanam kaajaaladu; sammeelhanam kavalante rasayana samyogam vidhigaa jaragala. anuvulu, banuvulu konni vary vary anuvulu ledha paramaanuvula samuuhaanni [anuvu] (molecule) antaruu (nirvachanam: bahulamaina anuvula gumpu banuvu). ooka banuvulo unna anuvulannee oche moolakaanivi kaavachhu (udaaharanha: remdu vudajani anuvula sammeelhanam will puttinadi ooka vudajani banuvu (H2), remdu aamlajani anuvula sammeelhanam will puttinadi ooka aamlajani banuvu (O2) ). ledha oche banuvulo rakarakaala muulakaalu undochu (udaaharanha: remdu vudajani anuvulu, ooka aamlajani anuvula sammeelhanam will puttinadi ooka neeti banuvu (H2O) ). antey remdu kanni antha kante ekuva kanni anuvulu rasayana bandham prabavam will sammilitam ayithe banuvu pudutundi. ayaanulu vidyudaaveesham (electrical charge) pondina anuvu (molecule) kanni, paramaanuvu (atom) kanni, paramaanhu kanaalu (sub-atomic particle) kanni ayanu (ion) anabadunu. vidyudaaveesham pondatam antey ooka elctron ni labdhipondatam (gain) kanni, nashtapovatam (lose) kanni jarudutundhi. anuvulu, paramaanhuvulu okati kanni, anthakante ekuva kanni elctron lani labdhipondina adala adi rruna ayanu (anion). adevidhamgaa ooka banuvu, anuvu, paramaanuvu okati kanni, anthakante ekuva kanni elctron lani nashtapoyina adala adi dhanayanu (cation). udaaharanaki sodiyam dhanayanu (Na+), haritamu runayaanu (Cl-) thoo kaliste niraavesamaina (neutrally charged) sodiyam kloride‌ (NaCl) osthundi. (manam tiney uppulo umdae mukhyamaina rasayanam idi.) rasayana bandhamu ooka banuvulo kanni, spatikamu (crystal) loo kanni unna anuvulu vidividiga vidipokunda - antey okadaanito marokati antipettukuni umdae vidhamgaa - unchagalige shakthini rasayana bandham (chemical bond) antaruu. yea rasayana bandham aney oohanam (concept) thoo paatu bahubala siddhaantam (valence bond theory) kanni, bhasmeekarana sanka (oxidation number) kanni upayoginchi saamaanyamaina padaarthaalalo banuvula amarikani, yeye banuvulu yeye paallalloo unnaayo kudaa kanukkovachhu. asamaanyamaina (klista) padaarthaalani (udaahaaranaki, loharasayanalani) visleshana cheyyavalasi vacchinappudu bahubala siddaamtam veegipotundi. aa sandarbhaalalo vaadakaaniki pratyaamnaaya siddhaamtaalu unnayi. veetilo mukhyamayinavi kvaantm rasaayanasaastram okati. rasayana prakreeyalu rasayana procedure antey emti? banuvula suukshma kattadi (fine structure) loo vachey parinaamam (tranmsformation) rasayana procedure (chemical reaction) anabadunu. ituvante parinaamaalalo chinna chinna banuvulu okadhaniki marokati atukkuni peddaviga maarochu. ledha peddha banuvulu chitikipoyi chinnavi kaavachhu. ledha, ooka banuvulo unna konni anuvula sthaanamloo kothha anuvulu pratikshepana kaavachhu. Hansi aemayinappatikee, rasayana procedure jariginappudu unna bandhalu (rasayana bandhalu) tegipovachhu, laeni chotla sarikotha bandhalu erpadanu vachkshhu. niyamaalu saadharanhamaina rasayana prakriyalaloo padaartham yokka dravyaraashi (mass) roopaantaram chendochemo kanni nasanam kadhu. deeninay dravyaraashi nihita niyamam (conservation of mass) antaruu. adhunika bhautikasastram prakaaram nijaniki nihitamayedi dravyaraashi kadhu; sakta (energy). yea adhunika nihita niyamame ayin‌stein‌ pravachimchina E = mc2 aney sutram. nihitamayedi sakta aney gurthimpu ragane rasayana nischalata (chemical equilibrium) aney bhavanaki, taapagatisaastraanikii (thermodynamics) kothha punaadulu paddai. rasayana padakosam Chemistry Information Database includes basic information and some toxicity Chemistry Jobs and Career Info IUPAC Nomenclature Home Page, see especially the "Gold Book" containing definitions of standard chemical terms Experiments videos and photos of the techniques and results Material safety data sheets for a variety of chemicals Material Safety Data Sheets oopayukta grandhaavali Chang, Raymond. Chemistry 6th ed. Boston: James M. Smith, 1998. ISBN 0-07-115221-0. vemuri, venkateshwararao, rasagandhayarasayanam, Rao Vemuri, 1991. Vemuri, V. Rao, English-Telugu and Telugu-English Dictionary and Thesaurus, Asian Educational Services, New Delhi, India, 2002. ISBN 0-9678080-2-2. rasayana sastramu

oktober 31, soomavaaram pramukha nepathyagaayani p.leela maranhicharu. chennailooni oa praivetu aasupatrilo aama aswasthathatho chikitsa pondutunnaaru. aameku 76 samvastaralu. keralalooni Palakkad aama puttinillu Dum Chittoor mettinillu. tamila, malayaala, telegu bhaashallo aama 15velakupaigaa paatalu paadaaru. telugulo lavakusa, mayabazaru, pandavavanavasam, rajamakutam, gundammakatha, chiranjeevulu taditara cinemallo aama padina anno paatalu athantha prajaadaranha pondaayi. bharat-srilanka jatla l Madhya jarugutunna 7 oneday l chalenger seerislo bhaagamgaa jaipoorlo jargina 3 va vandelo bharat 6 viketla thaedaatho ghanavijayam sadhinchi 3-0 gaaa mundanjalo Pali. modhata baatting chosen srilanka jattu nirneetha 50 ovarlalo 298/4 parugula bhaaree scorunu bharat mundunchindi. 299 parugula bhaaree vijayalakshyanni saadhinchadaaniki bariloki digina bharat jattu tholi ovarlonesachin tedulkar wiket kolpoyinappatiki mahender dhoni adhbuta baatting merupulatho 46.1 ovarlalo 4 viketlaki 303 parugula bhaaree scorunu chhedinchi adhbuta vijayaanni deepawali kaanukagaa bharat cricket abhimaanulaku andinchindi.mahender dhoni 183 (10X6-15X4) parugulanu 145 bantulalo sadhinchi nott avut gaaa nilichi human af da match avaardunu andukunnadu. oktober 29, shanivaaram 2005: aandhra pradeshlo nalgonda jalla valigonda daggari golnepalli oddha tellavaarujaamuna jargina gera railu pramaadamloo injanu, 8 pettelu pattalu thappi udhrutamgaa pravahisthunna vaagulo padi poyay. 111 mrutadehaalanu swaadheenam chesukonnatlu dakshinha Madhya railway 30 va tedeena telipindi. pramaadamloo 93 mandhi gayapaddaru. 28 va tedee ratri kurisina bhaaree varshala kaaranamgaa, golnepalli loni ramasamudram cheruvu katta tegipoyindi. yea cheruvu nundi vacchina varada neeti udhrutiki daggarlooni kalvartu kotukoni poovadamthoo yea pramaadam jargindi. vaagulo padina bogiilloo 4 reservationu bogiilu Dum, nalaugu genaral bogiilu. genaral bogiilloo prayaaneekulu krikkirisi umdae avaksam unnanduna mrutula sanka ekkuvaga umdae avaksam Pali. dhelleeloo jargina muudu various pelullalo 59 mandhi maranhicharu. 200 mandhi gayapaddaru. ooka bassuloe unchina peludu padaardhaalanu gurtinchina draivaru, kandaktaru vatini bayataku visiri veyadamtho naalugo peludu tappindi. idi teevravaadula panenani bhavistunaaru. pelullu jargina ooka roeju varku e teevravaada samstha taame deeniki kaaranamani prakatinchaledu. errakotapai daadi kesulo mundhu nirnayinchina dani prakaaram yea rooje kortu tiirpu veluvadanundi. yea sandarbhamlo yea pelullu jaragatam visaesham. ayithe therpunu pelullu jaragaka mundhey 31 va teedeeki vaayidaa vesaaru. oktober 13, guruvaaram bhartiya cricket jattu saarathigaa rahul draavid neyaamakam oktober 9, aadhivaram 2005 kaashmeeru bhukampam: oktober 8 na vudayam 9:20:38 ki kaashmeerulo bhukampam sambhavinchindi. richter skelupai deeni thivratha 7.6 gaaa namodayindi. pakistan aakramita kaashmeerulo kendreekrutamaina bhukampam pakistan, bharat lalo teevra nashtam kalugajesindi. oktober

28.(aa.ri.nem. 331 1905va samvathsaramu) edvala vaiesar jalla,jammalamadugu taaluukaa, danavulapadu graamamulo kanugonina paadubadina jaina mandiramuloni jaina vigrahamu mundunna pedestal chuttuu. tedee nirdhaaritamu kaledhu. nithya varshuni paripalana kaalamulo ooka shanthi anunatadu silaapeetamunu pratishtinchenani chaatuchunnadi. 29.(aa.ri.nem. 391 1904va samvathsaramu) vaiesar jalla, produtturu taaluukaa, malepadu graamamulooni gopalakrishnaswamy alayamu venuka padi unna banda medha. tedee nirdhaaritamu kaledhu. nithya varshuni paripalana kaalamulo, vallavaraja yokka pattamahishi, Bundi, inta mottamu ani vari dhaanyamu pandee bhumini veeripartiki chendina nootenimidi mandiki daanamicchenani chaatuchunnadi. palu vyaktula (aada, magaa) perlu paerkonabadinavi. telegu shasanalu