body: I am interested on the following situation due to its importance in an academic setting (which makes question about it common on Academia SE):
  
  
  Suppose I legally obtain some digital image created by somebody else (e.g., by downloading from a public website). I then show this image as part of a presentation for my talk during an academic conference. Attendees (including me) have to pay a fee or be invited to participate in the conference, i.e., the conference is not freely open to everybody. The talk is not recorded or broadcast; the presentation is not distributed.
  
  
  My question is whether this situation falls in the domain of copyright, i.e.: **Is showing an image in such a fashion something that is an exclusive right of the copyright holder** (unless specified otherwise)**?** I am interested in the general international situation, e.g., the Berne Convention. Note that this is not about this action being allowed by exception (e.g., fair use) but about whether it falls within what is protected by copyright in the first place.
  
  
  ### My research/thoughts so far
  
  
  * According to [this summary](http://www.wipo.int/treaties/en/ip/berne/summary_berne.html) of the Berne convention, the protected rights include:
  
  
  
  > 
  > 
  > 	+ **the right to translate**,
  > 	+ **the right to make adaptations and arrangements** of the work,
  > 	+ **the right to perform in public** dramatic, dramatico-musical and musical works,
  > 	+ **the right to recite** literary works in **public**,
  > 	+ **the right to communicate to the public** the performance of such works,
  > 	+ **the right to broadcast** […],
  > 	+ **the right to make reproductions** in any manner or form […],
  > 	+ **the right to use the work as a basis for an audiovisual work**, and the right to reproduce, distribute, perform in public or communicate to the public that audiovisual work [4].
  > 
  
  
  The only point that I can think of covering the action in question, is the last one, if the presentation is considered an audiovisual work that is performed in public, but that does not seem to be the intention of this point to me.
  * Looking into the convention itself, the only applying paragraph (if any) seems to be [Article 11bis, 1 iii](//en.wikisource.org/wiki/Convention_for_the_Protection_of_Literary_and_Artistic_Works/Articles_1_to_21#Article_11bis):
  
  
  
  > 
  > Authors of literary and artistic works shall enjoy the exclusive right of authorizing:
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  > 
  > (iii) the public communication by loudspeaker or any other analogous instrument transmitting, by signs, sounds or images, the broadcast of the work.
  > 
  > 
  > 
  
  
  I wouldn’t call the action in question “transmitting the broadcast of the work” though.
  * If the action in question would fall within the domain of copyright, so would showing my desktop background before I launch my presentation.
  
  
  
title: Does showing an image as part of a presentation fall within the domain of copyright?