[INST] what is aflatoxin [/INST] Aflatoxins are fungal metabolites that contaminate staple food crops [INST] what is aflatoxin ? [/INST] Are a group of closely related metabolites produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. [INST] what is aflatoxin? [/INST] Are poisonous toxins that affect food crops [INST] Meaning of aflatoxin? [/INST] Aflatoxins are fungal metabolites that contaminate staple food crops [INST] Meaning of aflatoxin ? [/INST] Are a group of closely related metabolites produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. [INST] Meaning of aflatoxin? [/INST] Are poisonous toxins that affect food crops [INST] What is the cause of aflatoxin contamination? [/INST] Aflatoxin contamination is caused by [INST] What is the extent of aflatoxin contamination problem? [/INST] Aflatoxin contamination affects crops world wide [INST] What are the effects of aflatoxin contamination? [/INST] Aflatoxin contamination affects food security, public health and trade [INST] How does aflatoxin contamination affect food security? [/INST] Aflatoxin contamination affects food security as contaminated crops can not be used for food or feeds hence reduce the amount of food in the world. [INST] How does aflatoxin contamination affect public health? [/INST] Aflatoxin contamination affects public health because by consuming contaminated food human being can get sick and even die [INST] What are the effects of consuming aflatoxin contaminated food on human beings? [/INST] Consuming aflatoxin contaminated food can cause health challenges to human beings [INST] What are the effects of consuming large amount of aflatoxin contamination on human beings? [/INST] Consuming large amount of aflatoxin contamination can cause death of a human being [INST] What are the effects of consuming large amount of aflatoxin contamination on animals? [/INST] Consuming large amount of aflatoxin contamination can cause death of an animal [INST] What are the effects of consuming large dose of aflatoxin contamination on human beings? [/INST] Consuming large dose of aflatoxin contamination can cause death of a human being [INST] What are the effects of consuming large dose of aflatoxin contamination on animals? [/INST] Consuming large dose of aflatoxin contamination can cause death of an animal [INST] What are the effects of consuming small amount of aflatoxin contamination on human beings? [/INST] Consuming small amount of aflatoxin contamination can cause sickeness [INST] What are the effects of consuming small amount of aflatoxin contamination on animals? [/INST] Consuming small amount of aflatoxin contamination can cause animals to get sick [INST] What are the effects of consuming small dose of aflatoxin contamination on human beings? [/INST] Consuming small amount of aflatoxin contamination can cause sickeness [INST] What are the effects of consuming small dose of aflatoxin contamination on animals? [/INST] Consuming small amount of aflatoxin contamination can cause animals to get sick [INST] What is the immidiate sickness humans can get by consuming aflatoxin contaminated food? [/INST] Sickness humans can get by consuming low dose of aflatoxin contamination include aflatoxicosis [INST] What is acute aflatoxicosis [/INST] A sickness caused by acute exposure of aflatoxin contamination [INST] What are the health challenges caused by consuming low dose of aflatoxin contaminated food for a long time? [/INST] Consuming low dose of aflatoxin contaminated food can cause liver cancer, immunosuppression, growth impairment in children, digestive disorders, fertility impairment and central nervous system interference [INST] Does consuming aflatoxin contaminated food cause vomiting, nausier etc? [/INST] Yes, consuming aflatoxin contaminated food can make a person shouw symtoms such as vomiting ….. [INST] Can consuming aflatoxin contaminated food cause liver cancer? [/INST] Yes, consuming aflatoxin contaminated food can cause liver cancer. [INST] Can consuming aflatoxin contaminated food cause Immunosuppression? [/INST] Yes, consuming aflatoxin contaminated food cause Immunosuppression [INST] Can consuming aflatoxin contaminated food cause growth impairement in children? [/INST] Yes, consuming aflatoxin contaminated food cause growth impairement in children [INST] Can consuming aflatoxin contaminated food cause digestive disorder? [/INST] Yes, consuming aflatoxin contaminated food cause digestive disorder [INST] Can consuming aflatoxin contaminated food cause fertility impairment? [/INST] Yes, consuming aflatoxin contaminated food cause fertility impairment [INST] Can consuming aflatoxin contaminated food cause central nervous system interference? [/INST] Yes, consuming aflatoxin contaminated food cause central nervous system interference [INST] Can consuming aflatoxin contaminated food cause child stunting? [/INST] Yes, consuming aflatoxin contaminated food cause child stunting [INST] What is the effect of human beings consuming animal products from an animal who consumed contaminated feeds? [/INST] Human beings can get health effects from consuming animal products from animals who consumes aflatoxin contaminated feeds. [INST] What is the effect of human beings consuming meat from an animal who consumed contaminated feeds? [/INST] Human beings can get health effects from consuming meat from an animal who consumed contaminated feeds [INST] What is the effect of human beings consuming milk from an animal who consumed contaminated feeds? [/INST] Human beings can get health effects from consuming milk from an animal who consumed contaminated feeds [INST] What is the effect of human beings consuming eggs from poultry that has consumed contaminated feeds? [/INST] Human beings can get health effects from consuming eggs from poultry that has consumed contaminated feeds [INST] How does aflatoxin contamination affect trade? [/INST] Aflatoxin contaminated crops can not be sold in or out of the country? [INST] How does aflatoxin contamination affect trade? [/INST] Crops contaminated with aflatoxin above the tolerance level can not be sold [INST] What is aflatoxin contamination tolerance level? [/INST] Aflatoxin contamination tolerance level is the amount of toxin that can be consumed with out causing any effects [INST] What is the aflatoxin contamination tolerance level in Tanzania? [/INST] Q. What is the aflatoxin contamination tolerance level in EAC countires? [INST] What is Aflatoxin contamination? [/INST] Aflatoxin is a toxic secondary metabolite of fungi that contaminates crops under favorable conditions of humidity and temperature [INST] What are the conditions favouring aflatoxin contamination? [/INST] Humidity and temperature [INST] What is the number of aflatixin types? [/INST] There are four major types aof aflatoxin. [INST] What are the types of aflatoxin? [/INST] The types of aflatoxin include aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), aflatoxin B2 (AFB2), aflatoxin G1 (AFG1) and aflatoxin G2 (AFG2) [INST] Which is the most toxic type of aflatoxin? [/INST] AFB1 is the most toxic type of aflatoxin [INST] What are the symtoms linked to aflatoxicosis? [/INST] aflatoxicosis is linked to gastro intestinal track disturbances, vomiting and death [INST] What are the crops commonly affected by aflatoxin? [/INST] Maize, rice, wheat, nuts, oil seeds, dried fruits such as grapes, spices, beans, dried cassava, coffee and chili [INST] At what stage of the crop value chain does aflatoxin contamination occur? [/INST] crops contamination can occur at different stages of the crops value chain [INST] At what stage of the crop value chain does aflatoxin contamination occur? [/INST] Aflatoxin contamination can occur at the farm, during harvesting, during transportaion or during storage. [INST] How can you identify aflatoxin contamination on crops? [/INST] Identification of the toxin can only be done through rigorous and expensive laboratory tests [INST] Is it possible to identify aflatoxin contamination by seeing? [/INST] No, aflatoxin contamination can not be identified by eyes. [INST] Is it possible to identify aflatoxin contamination by smell? [/INST] No, aflatoxin contamination can not be identified by smell. [INST] Are there any aflatoxin contamination reports in Tanzania? [/INST] Yes, Aflatoxin contamination has been reported in Dodoma and Manyara regions [INST] Are there any aflatoxin contamination outbreaks reported in Tanzania? [/INST] Yes, Aflatoxin contamination outbreaks have been reported in Tanzania in 2016 and 2019 [INST] What was the effects of the reported outbreaks in Tanzania? [/INST] 68 cases with 20 deaths in 2016 and 53 cases with 8 deaths in 2019. [INST] Q.Can aflatoxin contamination be removed by cooking? [/INST] No, aflatoxin contamination can not be removed by cooking. [INST] How can one prevent aflatoxin contamination on crops? [/INST] Aflatoxin contamination can be prevents through the use of good agricultural pratices. [INST] What are the good agricutural practices? [/INST] A.Good agricultural practices are the practices reccomended by agriculture experts that once practiced ensures proper crop growth [INST] What are the good agricutural practices? [/INST] Timely planting, providing adequate plant nutrition, controlling weeds, crop rotation, use of inbred maize lines resistant to aflatoxin contamination and use of potential biochemical markers and genes [INST] What are the natural ways to prevent aflatoxin contamination on plants [/INST] Dependence on microorganisms naturally present in soil with the ability to degrade and reduce aflatoxin contamination in different types of agricultural produce [INST] What are the other ways to prevent aflatoxin contamination? [/INST] The use of biocontrol [INST] How can one prevent aflatoxin contamination from occurrence? [/INST] Good agricultural practices, use of bio-controls and dependence of microorganisms. [INST] Want is afla-safe? [/INST] biocontrol , it is atoxigenic fungi used to fight against toxigenic fungi [INST] What are the Post-harvest best practices to reduce aflatoxin contamination? [/INST] Rapid drying of crops, avoiding crops direct contact with soil and proper shelling methods to reduce grain damage, sorting to remove damaged and discolored grains, use of clean and aerated storage structures, controlling insect damage, good transportation practices and avoiding long storage period [INST] What are the maize value chain stages ? [/INST] Pre-harvest, Post-harvest, Storage and transportation