---
license: cc-by-4.0
task_categories:
- text-to-image
language:
- en
tags:
- climate
size_categories:
- 100K<n<1M
---
# Dataset Card for LAION-EO

## Dataset Description

- **Point of Contact:** Mikolaj Czerkawski, mikolaj.czerkawski@esa.int

### Dataset Summary

This dataset contains a subset of LAION-5B containing images that are likely to be satellite images. The procedure of acquiring and filtering the dataset has been described in https://arxiv.org/abs/2309.15535.

|Version|Number of Samples|
|:---|:---|
| 0 | 24,933 |
| 1 | 112,985 |

## Dataset Structure
Each version of the dataset contains a .csv file with metadata with urls to images, which can be easily filtered. Note that the linked images could be copyrighted.

### Data Fields

|Field|Description|
|:---|:---|
|**source**| Index of the anchor sample |
|**url**| Link to the image |
|**filename**| Locally saved unique filename |
|**id**| Original ID |
|**fast_similarity**| Fast similarity to the anchor image computed with https://github.com/rom1504/clip-retrieval |
|**caption**| Text caption |
|**image_similarity**| CLIP similarity to the original anchor image |
|**text_similarity**| CLIP similarity to the text "a satellite image" |
|**height**| height of the image at url |
|**width**| Width of the image at url |
|**lang**| Language predicted using https://huggingface.co/papluca/xlm-roberta-base-language-detection |
|**lang_score**| A measure of confidence in the predicted language |

### Example Samples
![](doc-files/example-samples.png)

### Data Splits

No official splitting of the dataset is used.

## Dataset Creation

The creation of the prototype version is described in https://arxiv.org/abs/2309.15535.

### Curation Rationale

Extraction of samples in LAION-5B relevant to Earth observation tasks.

### Source Data

Samples from the existing LAION-5B dataset (https://laion.ai/blog/laion-5b/).

### Discussion of Biases

Only contains satellite images openly uploaded online, which introduces a heavy bias towards satellite images used for communicating ideas on the internet.

### Citation Information
The workshop paper presented at the DataComp workshop during ICCV 2023 is available at https://arxiv.org/abs/2309.15535.
```latex
@inproceedings{LAION_EO,
  title={From LAION-5B to LAION-EO: Filtering Billions of Images Using Anchor Datasets for Satellite Image Extraction}, 
  author={Mikolaj Czerkawski and Alistair Francis},
  year={2023},
  eprint={2309.15535},
  archivePrefix={arXiv},
  primaryClass={cs.CV}
  booktitle = {"Towards the Next Generation of Computer Vision Datasets: DataComp Track" Workshop at the IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV)}
}
```

### License
We distribute the metadata dataset (the parquet files) under the Creative Common CC-BY 4.0 license, which poses no particular restriction. The images are under their copyright.

### Contributions

Design and Curation: Mikolaj Czerkawski