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fastest way to find the magnitude (length) squared of a vector field

find the magnitude (length) squared of a vector `vf` field

np.einsum('...j,...j->...', vf, vf)

Simple URL GET/POST function

request http url `url`

r = requests.get(url)

Simple URL GET/POST function

request http url `url` with parameters `payload`

r = requests.get(url, params=payload)

Simple URL GET/POST function

post request url `url` with parameters `payload`

r = requests.post(url, data=payload)

Simple URL GET/POST

make an HTTP post request with data `post_data`

post_response = requests.post(url='http://httpbin.org/post', json=post_data)

Slicing a list in Django template

django jinja slice list `mylist` by '3:8'

{{(mylist | slice): '3:8'}}

pandas HDFStore - how to reopen?

create dataframe `df` with content of hdf store file '/home/.../data.h5' with key of 'firstSet'

df1 = pd.read_hdf('/home/.../data.h5', 'firstSet')

find last occurence of multiple characters in a string in Python

get the largest index of the last occurrence of characters '([{' in string `test_string`

max(test_string.rfind(i) for i in '([{')

How to print Unicode character in Python?

print 'here is your checkmark: ' plus unicode character u'\u2713'

print('here is your checkmark: ' + '\u2713')

How to print Unicode character in Python?

print unicode characters in a string `\u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u044f`

print('\u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u044f')

in python how do I convert a single digit number into a double digits string?

pads string '5' on the left with 1 zero

print('{0}'.format('5'.zfill(2)))

Best / most pythonic way to get an ordered list of unique items

Remove duplicates elements from list `sequences` and sort it in ascending order

sorted(set(itertools.chain.from_iterable(sequences)))

Pandas DataFrame to list

pandas dataframe `df` column 'a' to list

df['a'].values.tolist()

Pandas DataFrame to list

Get a list of all values in column `a` in pandas data frame `df`

df['a'].tolist()

Escaping quotes in string

escaping quotes in string

replace('"', '\\"')

How to check if a character is upper-case in Python?

check if all string elements in list `words` are upper-cased

print(all(word[0].isupper() for word in words))

What is the best way to remove a dictionary item by value in python?

remove items from dictionary `myDict` if the item's value `val` is equal to 42

myDict = {key: val for key, val in list(myDict.items()) if val != 42}

What is the best way to remove a dictionary item by value in python?

Remove all items from a dictionary `myDict` whose values are `42`

{key: val for key, val in list(myDict.items()) if val != 42}

How can I determine the byte length of a utf-8 encoded string in Python?

Determine the byte length of a utf-8 encoded string `s`

return len(s.encode('utf-8'))

In Python 2.5, how do I kill a subprocess?

kill a process with id `process.pid`

os.kill(process.pid, signal.SIGKILL)

Python Pandas How to select rows with one or more nulls from a DataFrame without listing columns explicitly?

get data of columns with Null values in dataframe `df`

df[pd.isnull(df).any(axis=1)]

Strip random characters from url

strip everything up to and including the character `&` from url `url`, strip the character `=` from the remaining string and concatenate `.html` to the end

url.split('&')[-1].replace('=', '') + '.html'

Expat parsing in python 3

Parse a file `sample.xml` using expat parsing in python 3

parser.ParseFile(open('sample.xml', 'rb'))

how do I halt execution in a python script?

Exit script

sys.exit()

How to dynamically assign values to class properties in Python?

assign value in `group` dynamically to class property `attr`

setattr(self, attr, group)

How to decode a 'url-encoded' string in python

decode url-encoded string `some_string` to its character equivalents

urllib.parse.unquote(urllib.parse.unquote(some_string))

How to decode a 'url-encoded' string in python

decode a double URL encoded string 'FireShot3%2B%25282%2529.png' to 'FireShot3+(2).png'

urllib.parse.unquote(urllib.parse.unquote('FireShot3%2B%25282%2529.png'))

How to use Flask-Security register view?

change flask security register url to `/create_account`

app.config['SECURITY_REGISTER_URL'] = '/create_account'

IO Error while storing data in pickle

open a file `/home/user/test/wsservice/data.pkl` in binary write mode

output = open('/home/user/test/wsservice/data.pkl', 'wb')

remove an element from a list by index

remove the last element in list `a`

del a[(-1)]

remove an element from a list by index

remove the element in list `a` with index 1

a.pop(1)

remove an element from a list by index

remove the last element in list `a`

a.pop()

remove an element from a list by index

remove the element in list `a` at index `index`

a.pop(index)

remove an element from a list by index

remove the element in list `a` at index `index`

del a[index]

How do I print a Celsius symbol with matplotlib?

print a celsius symbol on x axis of a plot `ax`

ax.set_xlabel('Temperature (\u2103)')

How do I print a Celsius symbol with matplotlib?

Print a celsius symbol with matplotlib

ax.set_xlabel('Temperature ($^\\circ$C)')

'List of lists' to 'list' without losing empty lists from the original list of lists

convert a list of lists `list_of_lists` into a list of strings keeping empty sub-lists as empty string ''

[''.join(l) for l in list_of_lists]

How do I get a list of all the duplicate items using pandas in python?

get a list of all the duplicate items in dataframe `df` using pandas

pd.concat(g for _, g in df.groupby('ID') if len(g) > 1)

deleting rows in numpy array

Delete third row in a numpy array `x`

x = numpy.delete(x, 2, axis=1)

deleting rows in numpy array

delete first row of array `x`

x = numpy.delete(x, 0, axis=0)

Merge DataFrames in Pandas using the mean

merge rows from dataframe `df1` with rows from dataframe `df2` and calculate the mean for rows that have the same value of axis 1

pd.concat((df1, df2), axis=1).mean(axis=1)

Average values in two Numpy arrays

Get the average values from two numpy arrays `old_set` and `new_set`

np.mean(np.array([old_set, new_set]), axis=0)

Changing marker's size in matplotlib

Matplotlib change marker size to 500

scatter(x, y, s=500, color='green', marker='h')

split items in list

Create new list `result` by splitting each item in list `words`

result = [item for word in words for item in word.split(',')]

Converting JSON date string to python datetime

convert JSON string '2012-05-29T19:30:03.283Z' into a DateTime object using format '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%fZ'

datetime.datetime.strptime('2012-05-29T19:30:03.283Z', '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%fZ')

python comprehension loop for dictionary

count `True` values associated with key 'one' in dictionary `tadas`

sum(item['one'] for item in list(tadas.values()))

How to base64 encode a PDF file in Python

encode a pdf file `pdf_reference.pdf` with `base64` encoding

a = open('pdf_reference.pdf', 'rb').read().encode('base64')

split a string in python

split string `a` using new-line character '\n' as separator

a.rstrip().split('\n')

split a string in python

split a string `a` with new line character

a.split('\n')[:-1]

How can I return HTTP status code 204 from a Django view?

return http status code 204 from a django view

return HttpResponse(status=204)

check if a value exist in a list

check if 7 is in `a`

(7 in a)

check if a value exist in a list

check if 'a' is in list `a`

('a' in a)

Sorting JSON data by keys value

sort list `results` by keys value 'year'

sorted(results, key=itemgetter('year'))

How do I get current URL in Selenium Webdriver 2 Python?

get current url in selenium webdriver `browser`

print(browser.current_url)

Python: Split string with multiple delimiters

split string `str` with delimiter '; ' or delimiter ', '

re.split('; |, ', str)

Unescaping Characters in a String with Python

un-escaping characters in a string with python

"""\\u003Cp\\u003E""".decode('unicode-escape')

Convert string date to timestamp in Python

convert date string `s` in format pattern '%d/%m/%Y' into a timestamp

time.mktime(datetime.datetime.strptime(s, '%d/%m/%Y').timetuple())

Convert string date to timestamp in Python

convert string '01/12/2011' to an integer timestamp

int(datetime.datetime.strptime('01/12/2011', '%d/%m/%Y').strftime('%s'))

How to get http headers in flask?

get http header of the key 'your-header-name' in flask

request.headers['your-header-name']

How to subset a data frame using Pandas based on a group criteria?

select records of dataframe `df` where the sum of column 'X' for each value in column 'User' is 0

df.groupby('User')['X'].filter(lambda x: x.sum() == 0)

How to subset a data frame using Pandas based on a group criteria?

Get data of dataframe `df` where the sum of column 'X' grouped by column 'User' is equal to 0

df.loc[df.groupby('User')['X'].transform(sum) == 0]

How to subset a data frame using Pandas based on a group criteria?

Get data from dataframe `df` where column 'X' is equal to 0

df.groupby('User')['X'].transform(sum) == 0

How do I find an element that contains specific text in Selenium Webdriver (Python)?

driver.find_elements_by_xpath("//*[contains(text(), 'My Button')]")

Convert pandas group by object to multi-indexed Dataframe

convert pandas group by object to multi-indexed dataframe with indices 'Name' and 'Destination'

df.set_index(['Name', 'Destination'])

How do I coalesce a sequence of identical characters into just one?

coalesce non-word-characters in string `a`

print(re.sub('(\\W)\\1+', '\\1', a))

How to open a file with the standard application?

open a file "$file" under Unix

os.system('start "$file"')

Convert a Unicode string to a string

Convert a Unicode string `title` to a 'ascii' string

unicodedata.normalize('NFKD', title).encode('ascii', 'ignore')

Convert a Unicode string to a string

Convert a Unicode string `a` to a 'ascii' string

a.encode('ascii', 'ignore')

Get a filtered list of files in a directory

create a list `files` containing all files in directory '.' that starts with numbers between 0 and 9 and ends with the extension '.jpg'

files = [f for f in os.listdir('.') if re.match('[0-9]+.*\\.jpg', f)]

Adding a 1-D Array to a 3-D array in Numpy

adding a 1-d array `[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]` to a 3-d array `np.zeros((6, 9, 20))`

np.zeros((6, 9, 20)) + np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9])[(None), :, (None)]

Adding a 1-D Array to a 3-D array in Numpy

add array of shape `(6, 9, 20)` to array `[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]`

np.zeros((6, 9, 20)) + np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]).reshape((1, 9, 1))

How can I launch an instance of an application using Python?

os.system('start excel.exe <path/to/file>')

What is the proper way to print a nested list with the highest value in Python

get the list with the highest sum value in list `x`

print(max(x, key=sum))

Functional statement in Python to return the sum of certain lists in a list of lists

sum the length of lists in list `x` that are more than 1 item in length

sum(len(y) for y in x if len(y) > 1)

Python - Insert numbers in string between quotes

Enclose numbers in quotes in a string `This is number 1 and this is number 22`

re.sub('(\\d+)', '"\\1"', 'This is number 1 and this is number 22')

Multiplying Rows and Columns of Python Sparse Matrix by elements in an Array

multiply the columns of sparse matrix `m` by array `a` then multiply the rows of the resulting matrix by array `a`

numpy.dot(numpy.dot(a, m), a)

How to check if something exists in a postgresql database using django?

Django check if an object with criteria `name` equal to 'name' and criteria `title` equal to 'title' exists in model `Entry`

Entry.objects.filter(name='name', title='title').exists()

Sort a nested list by two elements

sort a nested list by the inverse of element 2, then by element 1

sorted(l, key=lambda x: (-int(x[1]), x[0]))

Django - How to simply get domain name?

get domain/host name from request object in Django

request.META['HTTP_HOST']

Python Regex Get String Between Two Substrings

get a string `randomkey123xyz987` between two substrings in a string `api('randomkey123xyz987', 'key', 'text')` using regex

re.findall("api\\('(.*?)'", "api('randomkey123xyz987', 'key', 'text')")

Call Perl script from Python

invoke perl script './uireplace.pl' using perl interpeter '/usr/bin/perl' and send argument `var` to it

subprocess.call(['/usr/bin/perl', './uireplace.pl', var])

Pythonic way to print list items

print list of items `myList`

print('\n'.join(str(p) for p in myList))

update dictionary with dynamic keys and values in python

update the dictionary `mydic` with dynamic keys `i` and values with key 'name' from dictionary `o`

mydic.update({i: o['name']})

how to split a unicode string into list

split a `utf-8` encoded string `stru` into a list of characters

list(stru.decode('utf-8'))

Convert UTF-8 with BOM to UTF-8 with no BOM in Python

convert utf-8 with bom string `s` to utf-8 with no bom `u`

u = s.decode('utf-8-sig')

How do I do a not equal in Django queryset filtering?

Filter model 'Entry' where 'id' is not equal to 3 in Django

Entry.objects.filter(~Q(id=3))

How can I lookup an attribute in any scope by name?

lookup an attribute in any scope by name 'range'

getattr(__builtins__, 'range')

How to make a python script which can logoff, shutdown, and restart a computer?

restart a computer after `900` seconds using subprocess

subprocess.call(['shutdown', '/r', '/t', '900'])

How to make a python script which can logoff, shutdown, and restart a computer?

shutdown a computer using subprocess

subprocess.call(['shutdown', '/s'])

How to make a python script which can logoff, shutdown, and restart a computer?

abort a computer shutdown using subprocess

subprocess.call(['shutdown', '/a '])

How to make a python script which can logoff, shutdown, and restart a computer?

logoff computer having windows operating system using python

subprocess.call(['shutdown', '/l '])

How to make a python script which can logoff, shutdown, and restart a computer?

shutdown and restart a computer running windows from script

subprocess.call(['shutdown', '/r'])

How to erase the file contents of text file in Python?

erase the contents of a file `filename`

open('filename', 'w').close()

How to erase the file contents of text file in Python?

open('file.txt', 'w').close()

Pandas DataFrame to List of Dictionaries

convert dataframe `df` to list of dictionaries including the index values

df.to_dict('index')

Pandas DataFrame to List of Dictionaries

Create list of dictionaries from pandas dataframe `df`

df.to_dict('records')

pandas dataframe groupby datetime month

Group a pandas data frame by monthly frequenct `M` using groupby

df.groupby(pd.TimeGrouper(freq='M'))

How do I divide the members of a list by the corresponding members of another list in Python?

divide the members of a list `conversions` by the corresponding members of another list `trials`

[(c / t) for c, t in zip(conversions, trials)]

sort dict by value python

sort dict `data` by value

sorted(data, key=data.get)

sort dict by value python

Sort a dictionary `data` by its values

sorted(data.values())