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6Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri AMAGAMBO AHINNYE YAKORESHEJWE AMASASU : Alliance des Militaires Agacés par les Séculaires Actes Sournois des Unaristes APROSOMA : Association pour la Promotion Sociale de la Masse BEM : Brevet d'Etat-Major CDR : Coalition pour la Défense de la République CERAI : Centre d'Enseignement Rural et Artisanal Intégré CNLG : Commission Nationale de Lutte Contre le Génocide CRAP : Commandos d'Action et de Recherche en Profondeur CRP : Cercles des Républicains Progressistes DRC : Democratic Republic of the Congo EGENA : Ecole de Gendarmerie Nationale ESM : Ecole Supérieure Militaire FAR : Forces Armées Rwandaises FIDH : Fédération Internationale des Ligues des Droits de l'Homme GN : Gendarmerie Nationale ICTR : International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda IPJ : Inspecteur de Police Judiciaire

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7Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri ISAE : Institut Supérieur d'Agriculture et d'Elèvage MDR : Mouvement Démocratique Républicain MINADEF : Ministère de la Défense MINIJUST : Ministère de la Justice MININTER : Ministère de l'Intérieur MRND : Mouvement Révolutionaire National pour le Développement ONATOU : Office National du Tourisme ONATRACOM : Office National des Transports en Commun OPS : Opérations PARMEHUTU : Parti du Mouvement pour l'Emancipation de la Masse Hutu QG : Quartier Général RPF : Rwanda Patriotic Front RTLM : Radio-Télévision Libre des Mille Collines SOPYRWA : Société de Pyrèthre au Rwanda TPIR : Tribunal Pénal International pour le Rwanda UNR : Université Nationale du Rwanda

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8Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri ISHAKIRO IJAMBORY'IBANZE......................................................................3 AMAGAMBO AHINNYE YAKORESHEJWE............................. 6 ISHAKIRO........................................................................................8 INTANGIRIRO.............................................................................. 16 Intego nkuru y'ubushakashatsi................................................. 17 Intego zihariye z'ubushakashatsi..............................................17 UBURYO BWAKORESHEJWE................................................... 18 UBUMENYI RUSANGE KU ITEGURWA RYA JENOSIDE..... 19 ISHUSHO RUSANG E KU ITEGURWA RYA JENOSIDE YAKOREWE ABATUTSI HAGATI YA 1990-1994..................24 IGICE CYA MBERE: IMIBEREHO Y'ABATUTSI MU YAHOZE ARI PEREFEGITURA YA RUHENGERI................. 29 I. 1. Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri..................................................29 1. 2. Intandaro y'ibikorwa by'urugomo n'ubwicanyi byakorewe Abatutsi mu 1959 mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri............................................................................35I. 3. Gucira Abatutsi mu Bugesera............................................. 421. 4. Kubarura no kugurisha imitungo y'Abatutsi bamene- shejwe mu 1959................................................................ 47 I. 5. Ibikorwa by'Urugomo n'ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi mu gihe cy'Ubutegetsi bwa Perezida Kayibanda Grégoire..............................................................................52 I. 6. Kwirukana Abatutsi mu mashuri no mu kazi ka Leta mu 1973 mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri................. 54

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9Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri 1. 7. Gutwikira Abatutsi mu 1973............................................. 57 I. 8. Coup d'Etat yo mu 1973 n'ihezwa ry'Abatutsi mu nzego zitandukanye mu gihe cy'Ubutegetsi bwa Perezida Habyarimana Juvénal........................................................ 60 I. 9. Ivangura n'amacakubiri kuva Perezida Habyarimana Juvénal afata ubutegetsi kugeza mu 1990.......................... 68 IGICE CYA KABIRI : IBIKORWA BY'URUGOMO N'UBWICANYI BYAKOREWE ABATUTSI HAGATI YA 1990 NA 1993............................................................................ 76 2. 1. Ibikorwa by'urugomo n'ubwicanyi byakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri......................... 77 2. 1. 1. Gufunga no kwica Abatutsi babita ibyitso by'Inkotanyi..... 77 2. 1. 1. 1. Mu yahoze ari Komini Nkuli....................................... 782. 1. 1. 2. Mu yahoze ari Komini Mukingo................................. 84 2. 1. 1. 3. Mu yahoze ari Komini Kinigi......................................862. 1. 1. 4. Mu yahoze ari Komini Kigombe................................. 88 2. 1. 1. 5. Mu yahoze ari Komini Nyakinama............................. 91 2. 1. 1. 6. Mu yahoze ari Komini Nkumba..................................93 2. 1. 1. 7. Mu yahoze ari Komini Kidaho....................................952. 1. 1. 8. Mu yahoze ari Komini Gatonde..................................962. 1. 1. 9. Mu yahoze ari Komini Nyarutovu............................... 96 2. 1. 1. 10. Mu makomini ya Ndusu, Cyabingo, Cyeru, Ruhondo, Nyamugari, Nyamutera na Butaro............98 2. 1. 2. Kunyaga Abatutsi imitungo yabo bababeshyera gukorana na FPR-Inkotanyi..........................................100 2. 1. 3. Kwica Abatutsi binyuze mu gukora amarondo............103

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10Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri 2. 1. 4. Akarengane kagiriwe abanyeshuri b'Abatutsi nyuma y'igitero cyo kuya 8 Gashyantare 1993 mu yahoze ari Komini Kigombe..........................................................104 2. 2 Ubwicanyi bweruye bwakorewe Abatutsi hagati ya 1990 na 1993 mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri.......... 105 2. 2. 1. Mu yahoze ari Komini Nkuli....................................... 106 2. 2. 2. Mu yahoze ari Komini Mukingo..................................1092. 2. 3. Mu yahoze ari Komini Kinigi...................................... 110 2. 2. 3. Mu yahoze ari Komini Nkumba................................... 1132. 3 Kwanga nkana gukora iperereza ku bwicanyi bwakorewe Abagogwe......................................................................... 1182. 4. Guheza Abatutsi mu nzego za Leta n'izabikorera........... 1212. 5. Imyigaragambyo y'abarwanashyaka ba MRND na CDR n'ingaruka byagize ku Batutsi batuye mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri..........................................121 IGICE CYA GATATU: UBURYO BWAKORESHEJWE MU GUTEGURA JENOSIDE YAKOREWE ABATUTSI MU YAHOZE ARI PEREFEGITURA YA RUHENGERI............... 126 3. 1. Gushishikariza urwango n'amacakubiri binyuze mu nama rusange..................................................................126 3. 1. 1. Inama ya Perezida wa Repubulika yo kuwa 15 Ugushyingo 1992......................................................... 127 3. 1. 2. Inama zakoreshejwe na Nzirorera Joseph zitegura Jenoside........................................................................134 3. 1. 3. Inama zayobowe n'Abategetsi mu nzego z'ibanze...... 135 3. 1. 3. 1. Ku rwego rwa Perefegtura......................................... 137 3. 1. 3. 2. Ku rwego rwa Komini............................................... 139

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11Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri 3. 1. 3. 3. Mu rwego rwa Segiteri..............................................148 3. 1. 4. Inama z'Abasirikare..................................................... 149 3. 2. Gutegura lisiti y'Abatutsi bagomba kwicwa................... 152 3. 3. Gushyiraho imitwe yitwara gisirikare mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri............................................... 153 3. 3. 1. Interahamwe za MRND............................................... 155 3. 3. 2. Umutwe w'Amahindure............................................... 157 3. 3. 3. Virunga Force............................................................... 1583. 3. 4. Umutwe w'Abazulu......................................................1593. 3. 5. Umutwe w'Intarumikwa............................................... 1593. 3. 6. Umutwe w'Abadebande............................................... 160 3. 3. 7. Umutwe wa TURIHOSE..............................................160 3. 3. 8. Umutwe wa Gashagari................................................. 162 3. 4. Guha imyitozo no kwigisha imbunda imitwe yitwara gisirikare..........................................................................1633. 5. Gutanga imbunda mu mitwe yitwara gisirikare no mu baturage........................................................................... 201 3. 5. 1. Mu yahoze ari Komini Nkuli........................................203 3. 5. 2. Mu yahoze ari Komini Mukingo.................................. 204 3. 5. 3. Mu yahoze ari Komini Kigombe..................................205 3. 5. 4. Mu yahoze ari Komini Kinigi....................................... 2073. 5. 5. Mu yahoze ari Komini Nkumba na Ndusu................... 210 3. 5. 6. Mu yahoze ari Komini Nyarutovu................................211 3. 5. 7. Mu yahoze ari Komini Nyakinama.............................. 212 3. 6. Inama zo kunoza ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi........................................................... 218 3. 6. 1. Inama yo kuwa 6-7 Mata 1994 yakoreshejwe na Nzirorera Joseph........................................................... 218

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12Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri 3. 6. 2. Inama yo kuwa 6-7 Mata 1994 yabereye kuri Komini Nkuli............................................................................. 219 3. 6. 3. Inama yo kuwa 9 Mata 1994 yabereye mu yahoze ari Komini Gatonde........................................................... 221 3. 7. Inama zakoreshejwe mu gihe cya Jenoside..................... 222 IGICE CYA KANE: ISHYIRWA MU BIKORWA RYA JENOSIDE YAKOREWE ABATUTSI MU 1994 MU YAHOZE ARI PEREFEGITURA YA RUHENGERI............... 225 4. 1. Ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Komini Nkuli........................................... 226 4. 1. 1 Abatutsi biciwe mu rusengero rw'Abadiventisiti b'umunsi wa Karindwi rwa Hesha................................227 4. 1. 2. Abatutsi biciwe muri Serire Kinyababa, Segiteri Gitwa............................................................................229 4. 1. 3. Abatutsi biciwe muri Segiteri Kagano..........................230 4. 1. 4. Abatutsi biciwe kuri bariyeri yari hafi y'ikigo cya Gisirikare cya Mukamira..............................................2314. 1. 5. Abatutsi biciwe kuri bariyeri ya Nyirantarengwa......... 2324. 1. 6. Abatutsi biciwe ku buvumo bwa Nyaruhonga............. 233 4. 1. 7. Abatutsi biciwe muri Segiteri Mukamira..................... 235 4. 2. Ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Komini Mukingo..................................... 240 4. 2. 1. Abatutsi biciwe kuri Paruwasi Gatorika ya Busogo..... 240 4. 2. 2. Abatutsi biciwe muri Segiteri Busogo..........................242 4. 2. 3. Abatutsi biciwe kuri bariyeri yari yashyizwe imbere ya Komini Mukingo n'ahitwa ku IJITE....................... 244

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13Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri 4. 2. 4. Abatutsi biciwe kwa Munyemvano.............................. 246 4. 3. Ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Komini Kigombe..................................... 248 4. 4. Ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Komini Kinigi..........................................251 4. 5. Ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Komini Nyarutovu................................... 252 4. 6. Ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Komini Nyamutera.................................. 255 4. 7. Ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Komini Ndusu..........................................256 4. 8. Ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Komini Gatonde....................................... 260 4. 9. Ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Komini Cyeru.......................................... 261 4. 10. Ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Komini Nyakinama................................262 4. 11. Amateka ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari muri Kaminuza y'u Rwanda Campus ya Nyakinama..................................................................... 2634. 11. 1. Ishyirwaho rya Kaminuza y'u Rwanda Campus ya Nyakinama..................................................................263 4. 11. 2. Imibanire y'abakozi n'abanyeshuri muri Kaminuza y'u Rwanda Campus ya Nyakinama mbere ya 1990..... 263 4. 11. 3. Gufunga Abatutsi babita ibyitso muri Kaminuza y'u Rwanda campus ya Nyakinama................................. 264 4. 11. 4. Ishyirwaho ry'Agatsiko kiswe Cercles des Républicains Progressistes (CRP) kaje kuvamo Coalition pour la Défense de la République (CDR)....267

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14Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri 4. 11. 5. Gutoza imitwe yitwara gisirikare no gutanga ibikoresho by'ubwicanyi muri Kaminuza y'u Rwanda campus ya Nyakinama................................................270 4. 11. 6. Gukora urutonde rw'Abatutsi bagomba kwicwa muri Kaminuza y'u Rwanda campus ya Nyakinama..........2724. 11. 7. Ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri Kaminuza y'u Rwanda campus ya Nyakinama..... 273 4. 11. 8. Abagize uruhare mu itegurwa n'ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri Kaminuza y'u Rwanda campus ya Nyakinama..................................276 4. 12. Ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri Komini Nkumba, Kidaho na Butaro..................... 278 4. 13. Ibikorwa by'iyicarubozo ryakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri........................... 278 4. 14. Gusibanganya ibimenyetso bya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi..........................................................................282 4. 15. Uruhare rw'Abari n'abagore muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi........................................................................ 283 4. 16. Uruhare rw'Abanyamadini muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi..........................................................................2864. 17. Abagize uruhare mu guhisha Abatutsi mu gihe cya Jenoside......................................................................... 287 IGICE CYA GATANU : INGARUKA ZA JENOSIDE N'IMIBANIRE Y'ABANYARWANDA NYUMA YA JENOSIDE YAKOREWE ABATUTSI....................................... 290 5. 1. Ingaruka za Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi....................... 290 5. 2. Imibanire y'Abanyarwanda nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi........................................................... 291 5. 3. Uruhare rw' Inkiko Gacaca mu bumwe n'ubwiyunge.... 295

CNLG_amateka_jenoside_ruh.pdf

15Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri UMWANZURO.................................................................... 299 IBITABO BYIFASHISHIJWE............................................302 UMUGEREKA..................................................................... 307 INYOBORA KIGANIRO (INTERVIEW GUIDE)........... 307 URUTONDE RW'ABATANGABUHAMYA KU MATEKA YA JENOSIDE YAKOREWE ABATUTSI MU YAHOZE ARI PEREFEGITURA YA RUHENGERI...... 313

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16Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri INTANGIRIRO Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yatwaye ubuzima bw'inzirakarengane zirenga Miliyoni imwe y'Abatutsi, ikaba yarateguwe inashyirwa mu bikorwa n'ubutegetsi bubi bwariho. Itegurwa n'ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 byagizwemo uruhare n'inzego z'ubuyobozi bukuru bwa Leta haba iza gisirikare n'iza gisivili. Nyuma ya Jenoside, hakozwe ubushakashatsi butandukanye harimo no kwandika amateka yayo mu duce dutandukanye tw'Igihugu. Aha twavuga nk'ubushakashatsi bwakozwe buvuga ku mateka ya Jenoside muri Nyarubuye, Mugina, Murambi, Kibuye no mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Gisenyi. Mu rwego rwo gukomeza kugaragaza ukuri kuri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, ubu bushakashatsi bugamije kwerekana mu buryo bucukumbuye amateka ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri. Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri yari yiganjemo abarwanashyaka ba MRND, ikaba yarakomokagamo abategetsi batandukanye bo mu nzego za gisivili na gisirikare bagize uruhare runini mu itegurwa n'ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside. Aha, twavuga nka Minisitiri Joseph Nzirorera 1 wakomokaga muri Komini Mukingo, Minisitiri Casimir Bizimungu2 ukomoka muri Komini Nyamugari, Jérôme-Clément Bicamumpaka3 ukomoka muri Komini ya Ruhondo, Ferdinand Nahimana, umwe mu bashyizeho radiyo RTLM n'ababaye abayobozi b'iyi Perefegitura nka Protais Zigiranyirazo na Charles Nzabagerageza. Aba bose hamwe n'abandi tutarondoye amazina yabo bagize uruhare mu itegurwa n'ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. 1 Joseph Nzirorera yabaye Minisitiri n'Umunyamabanga Mukuru wa MRND 2 Casimir Bizimungu yabaye Minisitiri w'ubuzima muri Guverinoma y'iyise iy'abatabazi3 Jerome Bicamumpaka yabaye Minisitiri.

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17Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri Mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri, raporo zitandukanye zigaragaza ko Abatutsi bakorewe ibikorwa by'urugomo no kwicwa mu bihe bitandukanye hagati ya 1990 na 1993. Aha twavuga nk'ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi (Abagogwe) muri Komini Mukingo, Kinigi, Nkuli n'ahandi 4,5. Intego nkuru y'ubushakashatsi-Kwandika amateka ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri Intego zihariye z'ubushakashatsi 1. Kwerekana no gusobanura imibanire y'abaturage bari batuye mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri mbere ya 1959; 2. Kugaragaza ibikorwa by'ivangura, urugomo n'ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi mu gihe cy'ubutegetsi bwa Perezida Kayibanda mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri; 3. Kugaragaza imibereho y'Abatutsi kuva Perezida Habyarimana Juvénal akoze coup-d'Etat mu 1973 kugeza mu Kwakira 1990; 4. Kugaragaza no kwerekana ibikorwa by'urugomo n'ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi hagati ya 1990 na 1993; 5. Kwerekana uburyo bwakoreshejwe mu gutegura Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri; 6. Kwerekana uko Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yashyizwe mu bikorwa mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri; 4 Rapport de la Commission International d'enquête sur les violations de droits de l'homme au Rwanda, 1993; 5 Rapport de la Commission Politico-Administratives sur les troubles dans les préfectures de Gisenyi, Ruhengeri et Kibuye, 1993.

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18Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri 7. Kugaragaza ingaruka za Jenoside mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri 8. Kwerekana uko imibanire y'abaturage imeze nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994. UBURYO BWAKORESHEJWE Ubushakashatsi ku mateka ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri bwakorewe mu Turere tune aritwo: Musanze, Nyabihu, Gakenke na Burera. Uturere twavuzwe haruguru nitwo twasimbuye Amakomini 16 yari agize Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri, ariyo: Kigombe, Kidaho, Kinigi, Mukingo, Nkuli, Nkumba, Nyakinama, Nyamutera, Ruhondo, Gatonde, Cyabingo, Ndusu, Nyarutovu, Cyeru, Butaro na Nyamugali. Kugira ngo tubone amakuru ajyanye n'intego z'ubushakashatsi, twagiranye ibiganiro byimbitse (In-deph Interview ) n'abatangabuhamya 108 batuye mu zahoze ari Komini zabarizwaga mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri. Bimwe mu byashingiweho (critères) mu gutoranya abatangabuhamya n'ibi bikurikira: -Kuba umutangabuhamya afite nibura imyaka 40 y'amavuko, ni ukuvuga ko muri 1990 nibura yari afite imyaka 18 y'amavuko ku buryo ibyo yatangamo ubuhamya byahabwa agaciro ;-Kuba umutangabuhamya nibura hagati ya 1990 na 1994 yari atuye muri iyo Komini. Umutangabuhamya twagiranye ibiganiro ni umwe mu byiciro bikurikira : Uwarokotse Jenoside, uwagize uruhare muri Jenoside wemeye akirega ibyaha, uwarokoye uwacitse ku icumu, utarahigwaga, bamwe mu bari abayobozi mu nzego za Leta, abahoze ari abasirikare ba FAR, abajandarume, abapolisi ba Komini n'abihaye Imana.

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19Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri Twifashishije na none inyandiko zitandukanye zifite aho zihuriye na Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perfegitura ya Ruhengeri, harimo n'inyandiko z'Inkiko Gacaca. UBUMENYI RUSANGE KU ITEGURWA RYA JENOSIDE Mu bihugu bitandukanye byabayemo Jenoside, Leta z'ibyo bihugu nizo zagize uruhare mu itegurwa ryayo. Umushakashatsi Zakarie Lingane avuga ko nta na hamwe higeze haba Jenoside Leta itabigizemo uruhare: Jenoside zitegurwa kandi zigashyirwa mu bikorwa mu bihe bigaragaramo guhungabana gukomeye kw'ubukungu, Politiki n'indangagaciro ; mu gihe kandi abantu batakiyoboka iyobokamana, batagishobora gutandukanya icyiza n'ikibi. Mu yandi magambo, ingengabitekerezo igaragara ku bayobozi no mu binyamakuru mu gihe cya jenoside niyo ituma abantu biyambura indangagaciro nziza zari zisanzwe zibaranga maze bakiroha mu bwicanyi. Bivuze ko abayishyira mu bikorwa basa nk'aho babibahereye umugisha kandi ko bahawe ubudahangarwa ku byaha byose bakora ngo barengera Leta 6. Umushakashatsi wanditse kuri Jenoside, Jacques Sémelin, uvugwa mu gitabo cya Lingane avuga ko umugambi w'abategura Jenoside atari ukugira ngo bigarurure ahantu runaka cyangwa birukane abantu runaka batuye aho hantu, ko ahubwo ari ukubatsemba burundu bakibagirana ku isi 7 Ubushakashatsi butandukanye ku itegurwa rya Jenoside bwagaragaje ko abayitegura bakoresha uburyo butandukanye kugira ngo intego yabo izagerweho. Mu buryo bukoreshwa harimo inama zigamije gushishikariza kwica abagize itsinda 6 Lingane Zakaria (2008), Mémoire et génocide au XX e Siècle, Les Presses de l'Université Laval, Québec, Canada, p. 35. 7 Lingane Zakaria (2008), Mémoire et génocide au XX e Siècle, Les Presses de l'Université Laval, Québec, Canada

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20Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri runaka, gushishikariza urwango n'ubwicanyi ku bagize iryo tsinda hakoreshejwe ibitangazamakuru. Na none abategura Jenoside bashyiraho imitwe yitwara gisirikare akaba aribo bazifashisha mu gutsemba itsinda runaka. Ni muri urwo rwego mu Rwanda hashyizweho umutwe w'Interahamwe n'impuzamugambi za CDR n'abandi, iyo mitwe ifatanije n'abasirikare, abapolisi n'abaturage basanzwe nibo bagize uruhare mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994. Inama zitegura Jenoside akenshi ziba hagati y'agatsiko k'abantu bake, kandi zikabera ahantu hizewe hatagerwa n'umuntu uwari we wese, keretse abagize ako gatsiko. Mu Rwanda, abateguye Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi bari bibumbiye mu dutsiko dutandukanye, utw'ingenzi twavuga ni « Alliance des Militaires Agacés par les Séculaires Actes Sournois des Unaristes = AMASASU », « Escadron de la mort » na « Amis de l'Alliance ». Inyandiko yo ku wa 20 Mutarama 1993 yanditswe n'umuntu wiyise TANGO MIKE yandikiye Perezida wa Repubulika amugezaho ishyirwaho ry'agatsiko « AMASASU » n'impamvu y'ako gatsiko yavuze ko intego yabo ari ukuburizamo umugambi mubisha w'abayoboke ba UNAR 8 batahwemye kugirira nabi Abahutu kuva mu 1959. Umwanditsi w'iyi nyandiko avuga ko indi mpamvu ari ukugira ngo babashe gukuraho burundu abanyapolitiki....... 9 Umutangabuhamya mu Rukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda (ICTR), Alison Des Forges, yabwiye urukiko ko n'ubwo umwanditsi w'iyi nyandiko yiyise TANGO MIKE, akeka ko uwayanditse yaba ari Bagosora cyangwa undi musirikare mukuru wakoranaga nawe bya hafi 10. 8 UNAR: Union Nationale Rwandaise 9 Umwanditsi w'iyi nyandiko yashyizeho utudomo ntiyavuga abo banyepolitiki abo ari bo10 ICTR, Urubanza Ubushinjacyaha buregamo Théoneste Bagosora, Gratien Kabiligi, Aloys Ntabakuze na Anatole Nsengiyumva, Case no ICTR-98-41-T, par. 549

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21Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri Ibi bigashimangirwa na Filip Reyntjens, impuguke mu mateka y'u Rwanda, wavuze ko Colonel Théoneste Bagosora ari umwe mu basirikare bakuru bashyize umukono ku nyandiko y'agatsiko kiyise « AMASASU ». Reyntjens avuga ko umwanditsi w'iyi nyandiko yarwanyaga amasezerano y'amahoro y'Arusha kuko atishimiraga kongera kubona Abatutsi mu butegetsi bw'u Rwanda 11. Umushinjacyaha mu rukiko rwa ICTR, yavuze kandi ko guhera mu Kwakira 1990, Abahutu b'abahezanguni bari mu buyobozi bukuru mu nzego za gisivili na gisirikare bashyizeho uburyo bubahuza hagamijwe gukanguririra Abahutu ubwicanyi. Akomeza avuga ko Colonel Théoneste Bagosora, Lieutenant Colonel Anatole Nsengiyumva, Major Aloys Ntabakuze na Général Gratien Kabiligi ari bamwe mu bari bagize agatsiko « AMASASU » kandi ko intego y'aka gatsiko yari ugutegura Jenoside harimo no gutanga intwaro ku basivile kugira ngo Jenoside izabashe gushyirwa mu bikorwa 12. N'ubwo umwanditsi w'inyandiko yavuzwe haruguru avuga ko « AMASASU » agizwe n'abasirikare bose n'abajandarume, ikigaragara ni uko kari agatsiko k'abayobozi bakuru bari bafite umugambi wo gutsemba Abatutsi n'undi wese udashyigikiye umugambi wabo wo gushyira mu bikorwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Richard Mugenzi we avuga ko agatsiko kiyise « AMASASU » kakoranaga bya hafi n'abanyapolitiki bo mu ishyaka rya MRND nka Léon Mugesera, Protais Zigiranyirazo, Mathieu Ngirumpatse, Joseph Nzirorera, umuyobozi wa CDR Jean Bosco Barayagwiza, n'abandi 13. 11 ICTR, Urubanza Ubushinjacyaha buregamo Théoneste Bagosora, Gratien Kabiligi, Aloys Ntabakuze na Anatole Nsengiyumva, Case no ICTR-98-41-T, par. 550 12 ICTR, Urubanza Ubushinjacyaha buregamo Théoneste Bagosora, Gratien Kabiligi, Aloys Ntabakuze na Anatole Nsengiyumva, Case no ICTR-98-41-T, par. 544. 13 Ikiganiro abashakashatsi bagiranye n'umutangabuhamya MUGENZI Richard, Kigali, 2016.

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22Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri Akandi gatsiko kagize uruhare mu itegurwa rya Jenoside kazwi ku izina rya « Rézeau Zéro ». Mu ibaruwa ifunguye (une lettre ouverte) yanditswe na Christophe Mfizi ku wa 15 Kanama 1992 i Paris mu bufaransa, yandikiye Perezida wa Repubulika Habyarimana Juvénal amugezaho icyemezo yafashe cyo gusezera mu ishyaka rya MRND, yavuze ko impamvu avuye mu ishyaka ari uko hari agatsiko « Rézeau Zéro » kagizwe n'abantu bake bo muri MRND bashaka kwikubira ibyiza byose by'Igihugu kandi bakaba bashaka gutegeka inzego zose za Leta. Yavuze ko ako gatsiko kashyinzwe na Protais Zigiranyirazo, muramu wa Perezida Habyarimana Juvénal 14. Richard Mugenzi avuga ko abari bagize ako gatsiko ari bamwe mu bategetsi bakuru bo mu nzego za gisivili na gisirikare bafite ibyo bahuriyeho, batifuzaga ko habaho kugabana ubutegetsi na RPF-Inkotanyi15. Mu bari bagize ako gatsiko harimo, Protais Zigiranyirazo, Colonel Elie Sagatwa, Colonel Théoneste Bagosora, Colonel Laurent Serubuga, Lieutenant Colonel Anatole Nsengiyumva, Seraphin Rwabukumba, Dr Séraphin Bararengana (umuvandimwe wa Habyarimana Juvénal) n'abandi Usibye « AMASASU » na « Réseau Zéro » hari akandi gatsiko kazwi ku izina rya « Escadron de la mort » kari kagizwe n'absirikare bakuru bayobowe na Colonel Théoneste Bagosora. Filip Reyntjens, impuguke mu mateka y'u Rwanda, ubwo yatangaga ubuhamya mu Rukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda (ICTR), yavuze ko abari bagize agatsiko ka « Escadron de la mort » ari bo bagize uruhare mu bwicanyi bwabaye mu Bugesera muri Werurwe 1992 no ku Kibuye muri Kanama 1992. Akomeza avuga ko Colonel Bagosora ari we watangaga amabwiriza mu bagize ako gatsiko 14 Mfizi Christophe (2006), Le Réseau Zéro (B), Fossoyeur de la Démocratie et de la République au Rwanda (1975-1994). Rapport de consultation redigé à la demande du Bureau du Procureur du Tribunal Pénal International pour le Rwanda, Arusha, Tanzanie. 15 Ikiganiro abashakashatsi bagiranye n'umutangabuhamya MUGENZI Richard, Kigali, 2016.

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23Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri kugira ngo bateze umutekano muke mu gihugu no kubangamira imishyikirano y'amahoro y'Arusha16. Abandi basirikare bakuru bari bagize ako gatsiko harimo Colonel Elie Sagatwa, Colonel Pierre Célestin Rwagafirita17, Lieutenant Colonel Anatole Nsengiyumva, Major Aloys Ntabakuze, Capitaine Pascal Simbikangwa18. Agatsiko « escadron de la mort » kari gafite itumanaho ryabo bwite. Ni ko katozaga abasirikare ibikorwa by'ubuhotozi n'iyicarubozo. Intego kwari ugukuraho Umututsi n'undi muntu wese ubangamiye umugambi wabo wo kuguma ku butegetsi 19. Hari kandi agatsiko kitwaga « Amis de l'Alliance » kagizwe n'abayobozi bakuru bo mu nzego za gisirikare na gisivili batari bashyigikiye Perezida Habyarimana Juvénal muri gahunda yo kugabana ubutegetsi na RPF-Inkotanyi no gushyiraho guverinoma y'inzibacyuho. Nk'uko izina ryabo rivuga, biyitaga abantu bagiranye igihango batifuza kubona Umututsi mu butegetsi bw'u Rwanda 20. Nubwo hakozwe imyiteguro myinshi igaragaza umugambi wa Jenoside, abategura Jenoside bagerageza kutagaragaza inyandiko cyangwa ikintu cyose gishobora gushyira ahagaragara umugambi 16 ICTR, Urubanza Ubushinjacyaha buregamo Théoneste Bagosora, Gratien Kabiligi, Aloys Ntabakuze na Anatole Nsengiyumva, Case no ICTR-98-41-T, par. 585 17 Yabaye umugaba w'ingabo wungirije wa Jandarumeri kuva mu 1979 kugera mu 199218 ICTR, Urubanza Ubushinjacyaha buregamo Théoneste Bagosora, Gratien Kabiligi, Aloys Ntabakuze na Anatole Nsengiyumva, Case no ICTR-98-41-T, par. 2013 ; Para. 58919 ICTR, Urubanza Ubushinjacyaha buregamo Théoneste Bagosora, Gratien Kabiligi, Aloys Ntabakuze na Anatole Nsengiyumva, Case no ICTR-98-41-T, par. 2013 ; Par 59220 Ikiganiro abashakashatsi bagiranye n'umutangabuhamya MUGENZI Richard, Kigali, 2016.

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24Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri wabo wo kurimbura itsinda runaka. Ni muri urwo rwego abagize uruhare mu itegurwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi bageragezaga gusibanganya ibimenyetso byose n'ubwo ibimenyetso bimwe byabonetse bigaragaza uko bateguye Jenoside. ISHUSHO RUSANGE KU ITEGURWA RYA JENOSIDE YAKOREWE ABATUTSI HAGATI YA 1990-1994 Ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ryabaye nyuma y'igihe kirekire cyítegurwa ryayo. Ubutegetsi bwa perezida Habyarimana Juvénal bwakoresheje uburyo butandukanye mu gutegura Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994. Umuryango ushinzwe uburenganzira bw'ikiremwa muntu (Human Rights Watch) ubivuga mu magambo akurikira: Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ntabwo yatewe n'uburakare bukabije igice cy'abaturage cyagiriye ikindi gice, ahubwo yabaye inkurikizi y'inyigisho z'urwango zabibwe na bamwe mu bayobozi bashakaga kugumana ubutegetsi. Ibihumbi by'abantu bashyize mu bikorwa Jenoside ntibabikoze kubera ko bari batewe na shitani, ahubwo babikoze kubera ko bari buzuye urwango kandi banabitezemo inyungu 21. Gushishikariza urwango n'ubwicanyi byanyujijwe mu nama zitandukanye z'abayobozi bo mu nzego za Leta no mu bitangazamakuru nka Kangura, Radiyo Rwanda, RTLM n'íbindi. Ibi bitangazamakuru byakwirakwije urwango binakangurira Abahutu kwica Abatutsi. Urugero, ikinyamakuru Kangura cyasohoye inyandiko yitwa « Appel à la conscience des Bahutu », igaragaramo amategeko icumi y'Abahutu. Ayo mategeko icumi avugwa muri iyi nyandiko ahamagarira Abahutu kwanga Abatutsi mu buryo bwose, harimo kwirinda umubano bagirana nabo cyangwa kugirana amasezerano ayo ariyo yose 22. 21 Human Rights Watch World Report, New York, USA: Human Rights Watch, ©1998, p. 6. 22 Kangura, no 6, Décembre 1990

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25Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri Muri rusange, inyandiko z'iki kinyamakuru zari zuzuyemo urwango n'ubwoba kuko cyakanguriraga Abahutu gufata iya mbere bakica Abatutsi bitabaye bityo ko aribo bazicwa. Gukangurira Abahutu urwango no gufata iya mbere bakica Abatutsi byanyujijwe kenshi kuri Radio Télévision Libre des Mille Collines (RTLM), yamenyekanye ku izina rya Radiyo rutwitsi. RTLM yatambutsaga ibiganiro byinshi byo kwerekana ko umwanzi Igihugu gifite ari Umututsi, kandi ko afite umugambi wo kurimbura Abahutu bose, bityo bagahamagarirwa gufata iya mbere bakamurwanya. Mu gufasha Abahutu kugira imyumvire imwe ku ijambo “umwanzi”, hashyizweho akanama kari gakuriwe na Colonel Théoneste Bagosora bisabwe n'umukuru w'Igihugu Juvénal Habyarimana mu nama yagiranye n'abasirikare bakuru ku wa 4 Ukuboza 1991 ku ishuri rya gisirikare “Ecole Supérieure Militaire” (ESM). Iyo nama yari igamije gusobanura umwanzi uwo ari we no gushyiraho ingamba zo kumutsinda. Igisobanuro cy'ijambo umwanzi cyatanzwe mu nyandiko y'umuyobozi mukuru wa gisirikare, Déogratias Nsabimana ku itariki ya 21 Nzeri 1992. Nk'uko iyo nyandiko ibigaragaza, umwanzi agizwe n'ibice bibiri; umwanzi nyir'izina (ennemi principal ) n'abafana b'umwanzi. Umwanzi nyir'izina ni Umututsi w'imbere mu gihugu no hanze yacyo ufite inyota y'ubutegetsi, utarigeze yemera impinduramatwara yo mu 1959, ushakisha kugaruka ku butegetsi akoresheje uburyo bwose harimo n'intwaro. Umufana w'umwanzi (partisan de l'ennemi) ni umuntu wese ufasha umwanzi mu buryo ubwo aribwo bwose 23. Bitewe n'uko abaturage bose bari bamaze gusobanukirwa n'ijambo umwanzi, igihe cyose bahabwaga ubutumwa bwo kurwanya umwanzi, bumvaga neza ikivuzwe, bakirara mu Batutsi aho bari hose. 23 ICTR, Urubanza Ubushinjacyaha buregamo Théoneste Bagosora, Gratien Kabiligi, Aloys Ntabakuze na Anatole Nsengiyumva, Case no ICTR-98-41-T, par. 202.

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26Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri Mu rwego rwo gutegura ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, Ubutegetsi bwa perezida Habyarimana Juvénal bwashyizeho imitwe yitwara gisirikare harimo umutwe w'Interahamwe, bishimangirwa no kuyiha imyitozo no gutoza abaturage basanzwe ibya gisirikare, no kubaha intwaro. Interahamwe wari umutwe witwaraga gisirikare watoranijwe mu bayoboke b'ishyaka rya MRND ukaba warashyizweho mu mpera z'umwaka wa 1991. Uhereye kuri Serire kugera ku rwego rw'Igihugu habaga hariho komite nyobozi y'Interahamwe. Buri muyobozi yafashaga gutoranya abazajya mu nterahamwe kandi bagashyiraho n'ubuyobozi bwazo. Interahamwe zabaga ziganjemo urubyiruko. Ababaga batoranijwe, bahabwaga imyitozo ya gisirikare, nko gukoresha imbunda n'izindi ntwaro, bakigishwa uburyo bwo kwica abantu benshi mu gihe gito 24. Igitekerezo cyo guha abaturage imyitozo ya gisirikare no kubaha imbunda cyazanywe bwa mbere na Etienne Sengegera wari Ambasaderi w'u Rwanda muri Zayire ahagana mu wa 198925. Muri raporo yandikiye Minisitiri w'Ububanyi n'amahanga w'u Rwanda, yamumenyesheje ko hari abashaka gutera u Rwanda baturutse hanze yarwo, atanga icyifuzo cy'uko abaturage batozwa bityo bagahabwa imbunda kugira ngo bafashe ingabo z'Igihugu mu kwirindira umutekano. Nyuma y'aho RPF-Inkotanyi itangije urugamba rwo kubohora Igihugu mu 1990, icyifuzo cyo guha abasivile imyitozo ya gisirikare cyongeye kugaragazwa n'uwari Ministiri w'Ingabo Lieutenant Colonel Augustin Ndindiriyimana muri Nyakanga 1991. Minisitiri w'Ingabo yagiriye inama Perezida Juvénal Habyarimana ko mu makomini yose habaho gutoza abasivile bakigishwa imbunda. 24 Melven Linda (2004), Conspiracy to Murder: The Rwandan Genocide, London, p. 26 25 Etienne Sengegera yakomokaga muri Perefegitura ya Gikongoro. Yabaye ambasaderi asimbuye Nyilinkindi Antoine wakomokaga muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu.

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27Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri Umugambi wo gutanga imbunda mu baturage watangiye witwa « Défense Civile ». Mu nama yari yahuje ba Perefe bose muri Nzeri 1991, Lieutenant Colonel Ndindiriyimana yamenyesheje ba Perefe uko umutekano wifashe mu Majyaruguru y'Igihugu mu makomini ahanye imbibi n'Igihugu cya Uganda. Yavuze ko abapolisi ba Komini (Police Communale) bakeneye ababafasha cyane cyane abavuye mu gisirikare (réservistes) kugira ngo umutekano ugaruke 26. Ni muri urwo rwego ba Perefe basabwe gushyiraho akanama kagomba kwiga uburyo gutoza abasivile no kubaha imbunda byakorwa. Raporo ya Komisiyo mpuzamahanga yakozwe hagati ya tariki 7-21 Mutarama 1993 ku ihutazwa ry'uburenganzira bwa muntu mu Rwanda uhereye tariki ya 1 Ukwakira 1990, ivuga ko Interahamwe zakwirakwijwe mu gihugu hose kuva muri Gashyantare 1992. Umugambi wo kwica Abatutsi wahawe imbaraga nyinshi ubwo Leta ya Perezida Habyarimana Juvénal yemeraga ishyirwaho ry'amashyaka menshi mu itegeko nshinga ryo ku wa 10 Kamena 1991, n'isinywa ry'amasezerano y'amahoro y'Arusha yo ku wa 30 Ukwakira 1992 ajyanye n'igabana ry'ubutegetsi na RPF-Inkotanyi muri guverinoma y'inzibacyuho (Gouvernement de Transition à Base Elargie) 27. Isinywa ry'amasezerano yo kugabana ubutegetsi ryatumye udutsiko tugizwe n'abayobozi bakuru b'Abahutu b'intagondwa (extrémistes ) mu nzego zinyuranye dutangira kubangamira ayo masezerano harimo kwica Abatutsi n'undi wese washaka kubangamira umugambi wabo wo kugumana ubutegetsi. Nk'uko twabivuze mu gice kibanziriza iki, abari bibumbiye mu dutsiko tuzwi ku izina rya « AMASASU », « Rézeau Zéro » na « Amis de l'Alliance » nibo bafashe iyambere. 26 Melven Linda (2004), Conspiracy to Murder: The Rwandan Genocide, London, p. 26 27 Ikiganiro abashakashatsi bagiranye n'umutangabuhamya MUGENZI Richard, Kigali, 2016.

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28Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri Mbere y'uko Jenoside ishyirwa mu bikorwa, ubutegetsi bwa perezida Habyarimana bwari bwarakoze urutonde rw'Abagombaga kwicwa. Hirya no hino mu gihugu, abategetsi bo mu nzego z'ibanze bari barakoze urutonde rw'Abatutsi bagomba kwicwa. Mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, bariyeri zashyizwe ahantu henshi kugira ngo hatagira Umututsi ubasha guhunga. Hakoreshejwe na none amayeri yo kwegeranya Abatutsi, bakabashyira ahantu runaka bababwira ko ari uburyo bwo kubarindira umutekano, nyamara kwari ukugira ngo babicire hamwe bitabagoye. Mu gihe cya Jenoside ndetse na nyuma yaho, abagize uruhare haba mu itegurwa no mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryayo, bakoresheje uburyo bwose bwo kuyihakana. Ni muri urwo rwego, hirya no hino mu ma Segiteri atandukanye ba Konseye batanze amabwiriza yo gusibanganya ibimenyetso byose byagaragaza ko muri Segiteri bayobora higeze haturwa n'Abatutsi. Urugero ni nk'ibaruwa yo ku wa 13 Kamena 1994 yanditswe na Burugumesitiri wa Komini Ramba, Karasira Léonard, aho yatanze amabwiriza yanditse, asaba Abakonseye kuyashyira mu bikorwa. Zimwe mu ngingo zigaragara muri ayo mabwiriza ni ugusenya burundu amazu y'Abatutsi bishwe, hagahingwamo imyaka nk'insina, inzuzi z'ibihaza, amateke n'ibindi. Burugumesitiri wa Komini Ramba yasabye Abakonseye kubwira abaturage bayobora ko bagomba kugira imvugo imwe, ko muri Segiteri yabo nta Mututsi wigeze yicwa ahubwo ko bahunze, abenshi bakaba barahungiye muri Zayire (DRC). Nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, ababigizemo uruhare bakomeje kuyihakana no kuyipfobya, bavuga ko nta Jenoside yigeze itegurwa, ko yatewe n'ihanurwa ry'indege ya Perezida Habyarimana Juvénal, abandi bakavuga ko habaye ubwicanyi ko atari Jenoside, ko habaye Jenoside ebyiri, imwe y'Abahutu indi y'Abatutsi, n'ibindi. Aba bose baba bagamije kuyobya uburari no kugoreka amateka, akenshi bagamije gukingira ikibaba abateguye bakanashyira mu bikorwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

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29Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri IGICE CYA MBERE: IMIBEREHO Y'ABATUTSI MU YAHOZE ARI PEREFEGITURA YA RUHENGERI I. 1. Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri Mbere y'uko Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri ijyaho, ifasi iherereyemo yabarizwaga muri Teritwari ya Ruhengeri ikaba yari ihanye imbibi n'ibihugu bya Congo na Uganda. Teritwari ya Ruhengeri yari igizwe na sheferi ya Mulera, Bukamba-Ndorwa, Kibali-Buberuka, Bugarura-Kivuruga, Bukonya na Buhoma-Rwankeri 28. Sheferi ya Mulera yayoborwaga na shefu Bisamaza Quentin (1938-1958) ; sheferi ya Bukonya ikayoborwa na Bisalinkumi Canisius (1936-1955) ; sheferi ya Kibali-Buberuka yayoborwaga na Kalima Epaphrodite (1938-15 Juillet 1957) ; sheferi ya Bugarura-Kivuruga yari Rwabukamba Jean Berchmans (1931-1955) naho sheferi ya Buhoma-Rwankeri yayoborwaga na shefu Rwabulindi Jean Nepomuscène 29. Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri ni imwe muri Perefegitura 10 zashyizweho n'itegeko n o 02/72 ryo kuwa 7 Werurwe 1961 zasimbuye izahoze ari Teritwari zariho mu gihe cy'ubukoloni bw'Ababirigi. Ni muri urwo rwego Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri yasimbuye icyitwaga Teritwari ya Ruhengeri. Ba administrateur ba Teritwari bakomeje kuyobora kugeza tariki ya 1 Kamena 1961, ubwo hashyirwagaho ababasimbura bitwa ba Perefe. Perefe wa mbere wayoboye Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri ni Lazare Mpakaniye wasimbuwe na Pacôme Nkiko ku ya 20 Ugushyingo 1961 nyuma yo kugirwa Ministre w'Umutekano muri guverinoma yagiyeho nyuma ya Kamarampaka yo kuwa 25 Nzeri 1961. 28 Florent Piton (2010-2011), Un monde politique en recomposition. Monographie Politique du Territoire de Ruhengeri au Rwanda (1944-1959), p. 33 29 Florent Piton (2010-2011), Un monde politique en recomposition. Monographie Politique du Territoire de Ruhengeri au Rwanda (1944-1959), p. 333

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30Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri Mu gihe cya Repubulika ya mbere yayobowe na Grégoire Kayibanda kuva 1961-1973, Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri yayobowe na ba Perefe bakurikira: -Pacome Nkiko: Yayoboye kuva 20 Ugushyingo 1961 kugeza kuwa 22 Mutarama 1966;-Jacques Ndisebuye: kuva kuwa 31 Mutarama 1966 kugeza muri Nyakanga 1967;-Donat Ngendahimana: kuva kuwa 14 Kanama kugeza kuwa 1 Mutarama 1969;-Ignace Karuhije: Kuva tariki ya 1 Mutarama 1969 kugeza kuya 11 Ukuboza 1972. Mu 1973, ubwo Jenerali Major Habyarimana Juvénal yakoraga Coup d'Etat kuwa 5 Nyakanga 1973 afatanije na bagenzi be les camarades du 5 Juillet, Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri nta muyobozi yari ifite. Yayoborwaga na Perefe w'Umusimbura Alphonse Kanyamugara wari usanzwe ari Superefe kuva tariki ya 1 Mutarama 1969. Ku itariki ya 13 Nyakanga 1973, Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri yahawe perefe mushya witwa Kabanda Célestin nawe wahamaze igihe gito, kuko yaje kugirwa Perefe wa Perefegitura ya Gikongoro kuwa 24 Ukuboza 1974. Yasimbuwe na Protais Zigiranyirazo, wayoboye Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri kuva kuwa 24 Ukuboza 1974 kugera mu 1989 30. Zigiranyirazo yasimbuwe na Dr. Charles Nzabagerageza wayoboye iyi Perefegitura kugera mu 1993 asimburwa na Bariyanga Sylivestre wishwe ubwo Jenoside yari itangiye gushyirwa mu bikorwa ku itariki 7 Mata 1994. Bariyanga yasimbuwe na Nsabumugisha Basile wayoboye Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri igihe Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yashyirwaga mu bikorwa. 30 Protais Zigiranyirazo yavukiye mu Bushiru mu 1938, akaba ari musaza wa Kanziga Agathe, umugore wa Perezida Habyarimana Juvénal.

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31Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri Kugera mu 1994, Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri yari ifite Superefegitura ebyiri: Superefegitura ya Busengo yari ifite icyicaro muri Komini Gatonde na Superefegitura ya Kirambo yari ifite icyicaro muri Komini Cyeru. Muri rusange Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri yari igizwe na Komini 16 na Segiteri 17731. Superefegitura ya Busengo yari igizwe na Komini eshanu (5): Komini Ndusu, Gatonde, Cyabingo na Komini Nyarutovu. Superefegitura ya Kirambo yo yari igizwe na Komini eshatu (3): Komini Nyamugali, Cyeru na Komini Butaro. Komini zisigaye nta Superefegitura zagiraga kuko zari zegereye icyicaro cya Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri. Buri Komini yari igizwe na Segiteri zikurikira:-Komini Nkuli yari igizwe na Segiteri icumi (10): Segiteri Gatovu, Gitwa, Jenda, Kareba, Kintobo, Mukamira, Musumba, Rukoma, Runigi na Segiteri Ryinyo.-Komini Mukingo yari igizwe na Segiteri umunani (8): Segiteri Busogo, Gatagara, Gikoro, Kimonyi, Muhingo, Nyabirehe, Rwinzovu na Segiteri Shingiro.-Komini Kigombe yari igizwe na Segiteri icumi (10): Segiteri Cyuve, Gacaca, Gahondogo, Gasanze, Gashangiro, Kabaya, Mubona, Muhoza, Musanze na Segiteri Rubange.-Komini Nyakinama yari igizwe na Segiteri cumi n'eshatu (13): Segiteri Gisoro, Kabere I, Kabere II, Kabere III, Kanza, Kitabura, Muguli, Muko, Nkotsi, Rubona, Rugalika, Rusanze na Segiteri Rutoyi.-Komini Kinigi yari igizwe na Segiteri icumi n'ebyiri (12): Segiteri Bisate, Gasiza, Gihora, Kabwende, Kagano, Kanyamiheto, Musanze, Nyabisinde, Nyange, Nyarugina, Rwankuba na Segiteri Tero. 31 Florent Piton (2010), De la “Révolution morale” au régime de parti unique: La construction d'un dispositif politico-administratif autoritaire au Rwanda (1973- 1981). Mémoire de Master en « Sciences Humaines et Sociales », Paris I, CEMAF

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32Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri-Komini Nkumba yari igizwe na Segiteri cumi n'ebyiri (12): Segiteri Gahunga, Gatete, Gihera, Gitinda, Kabaya, Kinoni, Maya, Musanzu, Mwiko, Nyanga, Ruhondo na Segiteri Rutamba.-Komini Kidaho yari igizwe na Segiteri icumi (10): Segiteri Burambi, Burera, Butenga, Butete, Cyanika, Gitaraga, Gitare, Kagogo, Kidaho na Segiteri Rugarama-Komini Butaro yari igizwe na Segiteri icumi (10): Segiteri Buhita, Bukaragata, Burandi, Kayange, Kindoyi, Kinyababa, Musama, Rugendabare, Ruliba na Segiteri Rutovu.-Komini Ruhondo yari igizwe na Segiteri icumi (10): Segiteri Gashake, Kirarama, Kiruri, Mukono, Ntarama, Remera, Ruhinga, Rusayo, Rwaza na Segiteri Ryandinzi.-Komini Nyamugari yari igizwe na Segiteri icumi n'ebyiri (12): Segiteri Gaseke, Gicuba, Kabingo, Kidomo, Kivumu, Mushongi, Muvumo, Mushubi, Nemba, Rubona, Rushara na Segiteri Rukore.-Komini Cyeru yari igizwe na Segiteri cumi n'eshanu (15): Segiteri Butare, Gacundura, Kabona, Kalingorera, Kamubuga, Kiboga, Kinihira, Mugamba, Ndago, Rugendabare, Ruhanga, Ruhombo, Rusarabuge, Ruyange na Segiteri Rwerere.-Komini Nyarutovu yari igizwe na Segiteri cumi n'ebyiri (12): Segiteri Bwisha, Gakenke, Gashenyi, Gihinga, Gitovu, Kajwi, Karambo, Kiriba, Kinyoma, Ruhangari, Ruhinga I, na Segiteri Ruhinga II.-Komini Ndusu yari igizwe na Segiteri cumi n'imwe (11): Segiteri Buhunga, Janja, Kabingo, Kiriba, Kiringa, Mataba, Mugunga, Muzo, Mwumba, Rusoro na Segiteri Tandagura.

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33Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri-Komini Gatonde yari igizwe na Segiteri icyenda (9): Segiteri Busengo, Cyibumba, Gahanga, Gakenke, Kivune, Mugandu, Munanira, Nyakagezi na Segiteri Rusasa.-Komini Cyabingo yari igizwe na Segiteri cumi n'eshanu (15): Segiteri Bushoka, Bugaragara, Cyabingo, Gitwa, Kavumu, Kiganda, Muhaza, Muhororo, Muramba, Ngege, Nyundo, Rugimbu, Rukore, Rurembo na Segiteri Rutare.-Komini Nyamutera yari igizwe na Segiteri umunani (8): Segiteri Cyanika, Kageri, Marangara, Mukirangwe, Murama, Nyarutembe, Rugera na Segiteri Tubungo. Amazina y'aba Perefe n'aya ba Burugumesitiri bari abayobozi ba Komini zigize iyahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri ubwo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yashyirwaga mu bikorwa mu 1994.-Nsabumugisha Basile: Perefe wa Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri-Ntarwanda Célestin: Superefe ushinzwe ibya Politiki;-Twagiramungu Isaac: Superefe ushinzwe iby'imibereho myiza y'Abaturage, uburezi n'umuco;-Ntagandamwabo Félicien: Superefe ushinzwe iby'ubukungu na Tekiniki;-Nzanana Dismas: Superefe wa Superefegitura ya Busengo;-Sinaruhamagaye Jean Bosco: Superefe wa Suprefegitura ya Kirambo;-Sinamenye Gervais: Burugumesitiri wa Komini Butaro-Nkiranuye Jean Damascène: Burugumesitiri wa Komini Cyabingo

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34Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri-Ukizemwabo Alphonse: Burugumesitiri wa Komini Cyeru-Nizeyimana Jean Bosco: Burugumesitiri wa Komini Gatonde-Ntahompagaze Jean Bosco: Burugumesitiri wa Komini Kidaho-Maniragaba Fabien: Burugumesitiri wa Komini Kigombe-Komini Kinigi: umwanya wa Burugumesitiri wari ubereyaho-Harerimana Emmanuel: Burugumesitiri wa Komini Mukingo, yasimbuwe na Kajelijeli Juvénal, kuwa 26 Kamena 1994.-Bigirimana Jean Sauveur: Burugumesitiri wa Komini Ndusu-Gatsimbanyi Dominique: Burugumesitiri wa Komini Nkuli-Matemane Faustin: Burugumesitiri wa Komini Nkumba-Hategekimana François: Burugumesitiri wa Komini Nyakinama-Mugemanyi Frodourd: Burugumesitiri wa Komini Nyamugari-Mwitabangoma Augustin: Burugumesitiri wa Komini Nyamutera-Twagirayezu Pierre: Burugumesitiri wa Komini Nyarutovu-Nsabimana Jean Baptiste: Burugumesitiri wa Komini Ruhondo

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35Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri 1. 2. Intandaro y'ibikorwa by'urugomo n'ubwicanyi byakorewe Abatutsi mu 1959 mu yahoze ari Perefegi- tura ya Ruhengeri Mbere ya 1959, imibanire y'abaturage mu yahoze ari Teritwari ya Ruhengeri yari myiza. Nta bibazo bishingiye ku moko byigeze bigaragara hagati y'Abanyarwanda bari batuye muri iyo Teritwari. Ibibazo biganisha mu gucamo ibice Abanyarwanda byatangiye kugaragara muri 1957 nyuma y'aho itsinda ry'Abanyarwanda ririmo Kayibanda Grégoire na bagenzi be basohoye inyandiko yiswe “Manifeste des Bahutu” yagaragazaga icyo bise akarengane Abahutu bakorerwa n'Abatutsi. Kugira ngo ibyari bikubiye muri “Manifeste des Bahutu” bishyirwe ahagaragara, abateguye iyo nyandiko babifashijwemo n'abakoloni n'abamisiyoneri, Vice-Gouverneur wa Ruanda-Urundi, Jean Paul Harroy na Musenyeri Perraudin. Nyuma y'aho Harroy ageze mu Rwanda mu 1955 ndetse na Musenyeri Perraudin mu 1956, habaye impinduka zitari nziza mu bijyanye n'imibanire y'Abanyarwanda muri rusange no mu cyerekezo Igihugu cyari gifite 32. Guhanganisha Abanyarwanda ni bumwe mu buryo abakoloni b'Ababirigi bakoresheje nyuma yo kubona ko gahunda umwami Rudahigwa yari afite yo kugira ngo u Rwanda rwigenge itandukanye n'inyungu zabo. Mu nzira yo guharanira ko u Rwanda rwaba Igihugu cyigenga, umwami Rudahigwa yavanyeho zimwe mu nzitizi zabangamiraga ubumwe bw'Abanyarwanda. Ni muri urwo rwego tariki ya 1 Werurwe 1954, umwami Rudahigwa yashyizeho itegeko rikuraho ubuhake ategeka ko abakoraga imirimo bose bajya bayihemberwa. Hashingiwe kuri iryo teka abagaragu bagabanye 32 Gasanabo Jean-Damascène (2004), Mémoire et Histoire Scolaire : Le cas du Rwanda de 1962 à 1994, Thèse de Doctorat : Université de Genève, p. 56

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36Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri na ba shebuja bahabwa bibiri bya gatatu (2/3) mu gihe bashebuja basigaranaga kimwe cya gatatu ( 1/3) cy'inka bari bafite. N'ubwo haje kugaragara ikibazo cyo kubona urwuri ku bagaragu bari bamaze kugabana, itegeko umwami yashyizeho ryatumye abari abagaragu na ba rubanda rugufi bumva ko bagize agaciro kandi ko ntawuzongera gukorera ubusa. Ibikorwa by'urugomo n'ubwicanyi byakorewe Abatutsi mu 1959 byabanjirijwe n'ishyirwaho ry'amashyaka ya Politiki yaranzwe no gushyamirana hagati y'abayoboke b'ayo mashyaka. Hagiye habaho gushyamirana hagati y'abayoboke ba UNAR n'andi mashyaka nka APROSOMA na PARMEHUTU kuko barwanyaga umwami, bityo UNAR ikabafata nk'umwanzi w' Igihugu. Ikindi na none cyateje umwiryane, ni uko kuva mu 1957 hari inyandiko (tracts) zitandukanye zigaragaza ko hari ikibazo hagati y'Abahutu n'Abatutsi zakwirakwizwaga n'barwanashyaka ba APROSOMA na Mouvement Social Hutu, ariyo yaje kuba PARMEHUTU. Bamwe bo muri ayo mashyaka bagendaga babiba amacakubiri n'urwango bishingiye ku moko, hagati y'Abahutu n'Abatutsi 33. Kugira ngo umugambi wo kumenesha Abatutsi ugerweho, abarwanashyaka ba PARMEHUTU bashingiye ku makuru yakwirakwijwe mu gihugu hose ko Mbonyumutwa Dominique wari sushefu ku Ndiza yakubiswe n'abasore b'Abatutsi. Ikubitwa rya Dominique Mbonyumutwa wari sushefu ku Ndiza ryabaye mu gihe hari umwuka utari mwiza, hari uguhangana no gushyamirana hagati y'abarwanshyaka ba UNAR n'andi mashyaka cyane cyane APROSOMA ya Gitera Joseph na PARMEHUTU ya Kayibanda Grégoire. 34 33 Mugesera Antoine (2004), Imibereho y'Abatutsi muri Repubulika ya mbere n'iya Kabiri, Les Editions Rwandaise. Kigali, p. 31 34 Mugesera Antoine (2004), Imibereho y'Abatutsi muri Repubulika ya mbere n'iya Kabiri, Les Editions Rwandaise. Kigali, p. 31

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37Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri Inkuru y'uko yakubiswe yakwirakwijwe mu gihugu hose, maze abarwanashyaka ba PARMEHUTU na APROSOMA bahamagarira abaturage b'Abahutu kwica, gutwikira no kumenesha Abatutsi, bikwira hafi mu duce twose tw'Igihugu. Gutwikira Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Teritwari ya Ruhengeri byatangiye ku itariki ya 6 Ugushyingo 1959, bigeza ku itariki ya 12 Ugushyingo 1959. Ibikorwa by'urugomo byakorwaga n'abarwanashyaka ba PARMEHUTU bazaga baturutse cyane cyane mu gace ka Gitarama. Abarwanashyaka ba PARMEHUTU bagabye igitero muri sheferi ya Buberuka kwa shefu Bisamaza, no mu Bukonya-Bugarura kwa shefu Rwabukamba. Ku itariki ya 7 Ugushyingo 1959 bagabye ibitero batwikira shefu Kamali wa Mulera. Inkongi yarakomeje igera mu Kibali (ubu ni mu Karere ka Gakenke). Utundi duce tugizwe na sheferi ya Bugarura, Ndorwa na Rwankeli natwo twagabweho ibitero hagati y'itariki 6 n'iya 7 Ugushingo 1959 hicwa Abatutsi bagera kuri 20 35 Bideri Diogène avuga ko abayobozi ba PARMEHUTU aribo bashishikarizaga abaturage basanzwe b'Abahutu gutwikira Abatutsi no gutema insina zabo 36. Kugira ngo abaturage b'Abahutu bitabire ibikorwa by'urugomo, inkuru zitari ukuri zakwirakwijwe muri sheferi ya Bukamba zivuga ko sushefu Bicamumpaka w'Umuhutu yishwe n'Abatutsi. Iyo nkuru y'ikinyoma yabaye intandaro yo gutwikira Abatutsi. Icyari kigamijwe kwari ukumenesha Abatutsi bagahungira hanze y'Igihugu, bityo Abahutu bakabona uko bategeka 37. 35 Mugesera Antoine (2004), Imibereho y'Abatutsi muri Repubulika ya mbere n'iya Kabiri, Les Editions Rwandaise, Kigali, p. 31 36 Bideri Diogène (2009), Le massacre de Bagogwe. Un prélude au génocide des Tutsi. Rwanda (1990-1993), L'Harmattan, p. 35 37 Bideri Diogène (2009), Le massacre de Bagogwe. Un prélude au génocide des Tutsi. Rwanda (1990-1993), L'Harmattan.

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38Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri Muri ibyo bikorwa by'urugomo byibasiraga Abatutsi, abakoloni b'Ababirigi babaga bari inyuma yabyo. Administrateur wa Teritwari ya Ruhengeri, Joseph De Man yarebereye ibikorwa by'urugomo byakorerwaga Abatutsi, ntiyagira icyo akora ngo abuze abicanyi gukomeza kubatwikira. Gutwikira Abatutsi muri 1959 byaherekezwaga n'indirimbo aba PARMEHUTU baririmbaga ivuga ngo “ko Gahutu yatsinze, Abatutsi muzagana he ?”. Abatangabuhamya muri ubu bushakashatsi bavuga ko mu 1959 abibasiwe cyane ari Abatutsi bari abayobozi kuva ku birongozi kugeza kuba shefu. Abatangabuhamya bavuga ko insoresore za PARMEHUTU zitwa indamage arizo zagendaga zitwika amazu y' Abatutsi. Mu yahoze ari Komini Nkumba na Kidaho (muri sheferi za Burera na Ndorwa), abarwanashyaka ba PARMEHUTU batwikaga amazu y'Abatutsi bambaye amashara, bafite amacumu, imihoro, n'ibibiriti. Bibasiraga cyane cyane amazu y'abari mu buyobozi nk'ibirongozi, ba sushefu na shefu. Mu batwikiwe harimo Mugemana, Samvura, Nyamabumba, Gakuru, Rudakubana, Kagurube, Rwomushana na Mwikarago wari sushefu 38. Mu yahoze ari Komini Nkumba Abatutsi batwikiye kandi Musanganya, Bihembe, Rwamuhungu n'abandi. Ababashije kurokoka bahungiye Uganda, abandi bahungira Zayire. Ku itariki ya 7 Ugushyingo 1959 nibwo batwikiye Abatutsi bari batuye muri sheferi ya Kibari-Buberuka, Ndorwa n'Uburera; ubu ni mu Karere ka Burera. Mu batwikiwe harimo Shefu Bisamaza na Shefu Rwabukamba. Umutangabuhamya wabonye uko byagenze asobanura ko: Tariki ya 7 Ugushyingo 1959, Abatutsi bari batuye mu duce twa Komini Cyeru na Butaro baratwikiwe. Mu batwikiwe harimo Rwihamagenga wari sushefu, Karamaga, Muberuka, Nyabaguma, Kabirigi, Kinyoni 38 Ikiganiro abashakashatsi bagiranye n'umutangabuhamya NGARUYE Ignace mu Karere ka Burera, Werurwe 2017

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39Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri wari sushefu n'abandi. Abatwikaga babaga baturutse mu gace ka Gitarama, bambaye amashara, bagenda bavuga ngo bavune Mbonyumutwa39. Mu yahoze ari Komini Cyeru, Abatutsi batwikiwe harimo Sushefu Ruhunga na Rwihamagega wayoboraga iyaje kuba Komini Cyeru na Nemba40. Mu yahoze ari Komini Nyarutovu, naho Abatutsi baratwikiwe, abandi barameneshwa. Mu batwikiwe harimo Dancilla, Mulisa, Rwasibo, Gashugi, Ruzindana, Mbonabandi, Charles Nyirimbibi, Nshizirungu, Nibabyare, Kavutse, Rugari, Munyempundu, Mujyanama n'abandi. Mu yahoze ari Komini Gatonde naho niko byagenze. Mu batwikiwe harimo Kimbirima, Gakeri, Rutayisire, Hapfakarengane, Rwabigwi, Forongo, Bwijenkoziki wari utuye mu murenge wa Rusasa, Rurinda wari utuye muri Janja, Nyamwigema wo muri Janja, Kayitani, Sebiraza, n'abandi. Mu bameneshejwe harimo Karera, Bandora, Muzungu, Kayitani, Karekezi, Michael, Bugirimfura Thérèse, Musanabere Emerthe, Nikodemu, Gashugi. Abatutsi benshi bakomoka mu yahoze ari Ruhuhengeri, cyane cyane mu duce twa Komini Nyarutovu bahungiye muri Zayire, abandi babajyana mu Bugesera. Abatangabuhamya bavuga ko muri rusange abaturage b'Abahutu nta kibazo bari bafitanye n'Abatutsi, ko ndetse aribo babarwanagaho ngo batabatwikira. Umwe mu batangabuhamya asobanura ko: “Abarwanashyaka ba P ARMEHUTU baje baturutse mu duce twa Gitarama, baza bibasiye cyane sushefu Nzamuye. Abaturage basanzwe b'Abahutu bahagaze ku nzu ye, bakumira igitero bituma batayitwik a” 41. 39 Ikiganiro abashakashatsi bagiranye n'umutangabuhamya NGARUYE Ignace mu Karere ka Burera, Werurwe 2017 40 Ikiganiro abashakashatsi bagiranye n'umutangabuhamya SHARAMANZI Alphonse mu Karere ka Burera, Werurwe 201741 Ikiganiro abashakashatsi bagiranye n'umutangabuhamya GATANAZI Berchmans mu Karere ka Nyabihu, Gashyantare 2017

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40Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri Bamwe mu Bahutu bagerageje guhisha bagenzi babo b'Abatutsi, guhisha amatungo yabo no kurwanya abatwikaga amazu y'Abatutsi. Umutangabuhamya muri ubu bushakashatsi yasobanuye ko: Ubwo batangiraga kubatwikira, ndibuka papa na data wacu bagiye guhagarara ku nzu y'Umututsi twari duturanye, bigeze nimugoroba bahungisha ibintu byabo, babijyana mu Bufumbira. Batwikira Abatutsi, ndabyibuka, Administrateur wa Teritwari ya Ruhengeri witwa De Man yabaga arebera ibyo aba PARMEHUTU bari gukora, ndetse abashigikiye. Batwitse kwa Sushefu witwa Musuhuke, batwikira n'abandi benshi 42. Undi mutangabuhamya asobanura uko abaturage b'Abahutu bahishaga imitungo y'Abatutsi muri aya magambo: “Gutwikira Abatutsi byabaye mu kwezi k' Ugushingo 1959. Icyakora abaturanyi b'Abahutu bagerageje kurinda amwe mu mazu y' Abatutsi ntiyatwikwa ndetse bahisha imitungo yabo” 43. Bamenesha Abatutsi muri 1959, bamwe mu baturage b'Abahutu bafite umutima mwiza, barabaherekeje babageza muri Uganda. Umutangabuhamya wari utuye mu yahoze ari Komini Nkumba avuga ko hari Abatutsi barimo Musuhuke Ladislas, Rugayampunzi n'abandi baherekeje babageza mu Bufumbira muri Uganda, ndetse na nyuma yaho bajyaga kubasura aho batuye. Ibi biragaragaza ko n'ubwo abanyapolitiki babi nka Kayibanda Grégoire, Gitera n'abandi bageragezaga kubiba urwango ku Batutsi, bamwe mu baturage bitwaye neza bakomeza kugira umubano mwiza na bagenzi babo. 44 42 Ikiganiro abashakashatsi bagiranye n'umutangabuhamya NSABIMANA Alphonse mu Karere ka Burera, Werurwe 2017 43 Ikiganiro abashakashatsi bagiranye n'umutangabuhamya NDAGIJIMANA Jean Bosco mu Karere ka Musanze, Werurwe 201744 Ikiganiro abashakashatsi bagiranye n'umutangabuhamya NDAGIJIMANA Jean Bosco mu Karere ka Musanze, Werurwe 2017

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41Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri Umutangabuhamya utarahigwaga avuga ko batwikira Abatutsi muri 1959, ise umubyara w' Umuhutu yabashije guhisha Abatutsi bahigwaga: Mbere ya 1958, data yari umugaragu w'Abatutsi kandi bari babanye neza. Ubwo babatwikiraga, bahungiye iwacu, arabahisha ndetse na bimwe mu bikoresho byo mu nzu arabibika. Nyuma baje guhungira Uganda, ariko bakajya bagaruka kudusura natwe tukajya kubasura aho bahungiye muri Uganda 45 N'ubwo bamwe mu baturage bagerageje kurwana ku Batutsi, ntibyabujije ko amazu yabo bayatwika, abandi baricwa. Umutangabuhamya twaganiriye yatanze urugero rw'agasozi kitiriwe Abatutsi nyuma yo kurimbura abari bagatuyeho: “Abatutsi bari batuye ku gasozi kari hagati y'ikiyaga cya Burera na Ruhondo bishwe n'Abakiga mu bihe bitandukanye (1959-1973), kugeza ubwo aho bari batuye hasigara ari amatongo. Abaturage bahahimbye izina ngo ni “kuk'Abatutsi ” 46. Mu rwego rwo kwigarurira abayoboke benshi mu gikorwa cyo gutwikira no kwirukana Abatutsi, aba PARMEHUTU bavugaga ko Abatutsi aribo bishe umwami Rudahigwa kubera ko yari yavanyeho ubuhake kandi ko abashefu b'Abatutsi batashakaga ko umwami avanaho ubuhake. Bavugaga ko bo bashyigiye ubwami ngo ko Abatutsi aribo badashaka umwami Kigeli. Bigize beza ibikorwa byabo bibi byo kurwanya ubwami babishyira ku Batutsi kugira ngo abaturage basanzwe bari bakunze umwami bumve ko nta kibi cyaturuka ku barwanashyaka ba PARMEHUTU, ahubwo ko bafatanyije kurwanirira umwami. 45 Ikiganiro abashakashatsi bagiranye n'umutangabuhamya NSABIMANA Alphonse mu Karere ka Burera, Werurwe 2017 46 Ikiganiro abashakashatsi bagiranye n'umutangabuhamya NGARUYE Ignace mu Karere ka Burera, Werurwe 2017

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42Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri Aya mayeri yo kuvuga ko barwanirira umwami Kigeli yakoreshejwe nk'iturufu yo kwigarurira abaturage benshi mu bikorwa by'urugomo byakorerwaga Abatutsi. Abarwanashyaka ba PARMEHUTU bateraga ubwoba abaturage b'Abahutu ko umuntu utifatanya nabo ari bube yanga umwami Kigeli. Gukoresha amayeri bavuga ko barwanirira umwami Kigeli birerekana neza ko abaturage muri rusange bari bishimiye uburyo umwami abayoboye cyane cyane mu duce twari dutuwe n'abaturage b'Abahutu benshi harimo na Ruhengeri. Batwikira Abatutsi muri 1959, administrateur wa Teritwari ya Ruhengeri, Deman yabigizemo uruhare. Abatangabuhamya bavuga ko yagendaga abwira abaturage b'Abahutu ko aricyo gihe cyo kwihimura ku Batutsi. Yababwiraga ko Abatutsi bategetse Abahutu igihe kirekire ko nabo bagomba kubategeka. Yageraga ku Batutsi akababaza impamvu batahunze nka bagenzi babo. Abatarahunze, bamwe barafashwe barafungwa, baza gufungurwa nyuma y'igihe gito 47. Usibye gutwikira Abatutsi no gusahura ibyabo, abarokotse bahunze Igihugu, abandi bacirirwa i Nyamata mu Bugesera. Ikamyo z'Abakoloni nizo zifashishwaga mu kubajyana mu Bugesera zibavanye ahantu hatandukanye, cyane cyane kuri za paruwasi n'ahandi babaga bahungiye. Mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri, Abatutsi babavanye kuri Paruwasi ya Janja muri Komini Gatonde, i nemba muri Komini Nyarutovu n'ahandi. I. 3. Gucira Abatutsi mu Bugesera Abatutsi batabashije guhungira mu bindi bihugu nka Uganda, Congo, Uburundi na Tanzaniya, bakusanyirijwe ahantu hatandukanye babacira mu gace ka Bugesera. 47 Ikiganiro abashakashatsi bagiranye n'umutangabuhamya GAKIGA Jean Chrysostome mu Karere ka Musanze, Werurwe 2017

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43Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri Mu yahoze ari Komini Cyeru, nyuma yo gutwikira Abatutsi, bahungiye kuri Paruwasi Gatorika ya Nemba aho imodoka zabavanye zibatwara mu Bugesera. Umwe mu batwawe bakuwe kuri Paruwasi Gatorika ya Nemba asobanura ko: Nyuma yo gutwikirwa ku itariki ya 7 Ugushingo 1959, bwarakeye mu gitondo tubona imodoka kuri centrale ya Kanaba, aba misiyoneri batujyana kuri Paruwasi ya Nemba. Nyuma y'igihe gito batuzaniye amakamyo aba ariyo atujyana mu Bugesera 48. Undi mutangabuhamya nawe avuga ko: Mu gace twari dutuyemo, twatangiye kumeneshwa mu kwezi kw'Ugushyingo 1959. Bigitangira, Abatutsi bakusanyirijwe muri camp ya transit ahabarizwa SOPYRWA, niho twabanje gucumbika. Twahageze turi bake nyuma y'iminsi mike abandi bagenda biyongera. Tumaze kuba benshi, bamwe bahise berekeza muri Zayire aho babaga bagiye gukora muri za Mine. Abatarabashije kwerekeza muri Zayire baciriwe i Nyamata mu Bugesera ahagana mu kwezi kwa Mutarama 1960 49. Usibye kuri Paruwasi ya Nemba na SOPIRWA, Abatutsi bakusanyirizwaga ahantu hatandukanye cyane cyane kuri za Paruwasi za Kiliziya Gaturika akaba ariho bapakirwa mu makamyo yabaga yazanywe n'Administrateur wa Teritwari ya Ruhengeri, De Man. Ibi bikaba bigaragaza ubufatanye bwari hagati ya Kiliziya Gatorika n'abakoloni. 48 Ikiganiro abashakashatsi bagiranye n'umutangabuhamya NTANTURO Elias mu Karere ka Burera, Werurwe 2017 49 Ikiganiro abashakashatsi bagiranye n'umutangabuhamya NTEZIYAREMYE Jonas mu Karere ka Musanze, Werurwe 2017

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44Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri Abatutsi bameneshejwe bakajyanwa mu Bugesera, basohoreye mu nkambi zari zateguwe. Hari inkambi ebyiri: “Ruhengeri na “Kibari”. Inkambi ya Ruhengeri yajyagamo Abatutsi baturutse mu duce tugize Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri, ni ukuvuga abaturutse muri sheferi ya Buhoma-Rwankeli. Naho inkambi ya Kibari yajyagamo Abatutsi baturutse mu duce twa Gakenke na Byumba kubera ko ubusanzwe bahitaga “Kibari”. Abatutsi bamaze kugezwa mu Bugesera, basanze mu gace ka Nyamata hari ishyamba, hameze nabi cyane. Kubera ko wari umugambi wateguwe, bahasanze ibibandahori bisakajwe amabati agabanijwemo utwumba twinshi, bayinjizwamo ku gahato, bayatuzwamo. Babaye muri ubwo buzima mu buryo bugoranye. Umuzungu witwaga TRIPORO wabaga i Nyamata, niwe wabagezagaho ubufasha muri iyo nkambi 50. Bageze i Nyamata ubuzima bwarabagoye cyane. Umwe mu batangabuhamya avuga uko byabagendekeye: Kubera imiterere ya Bugesera itandukanye cyane n'akarere twari duturutsemo, imibereho yaje kutugora cyane. Twahasanze indwara ya Typhoide, yica Abatutsi benshi cyane. Hari ivuriro rito cyane ku buryo ritari gushobora kwita ku barwayi bose barigannye. Ubwo ariko twaje kubaka hangari z'ibyatsi, harwariramo bamwe, gusa ntibyabujije Abatutsi gukomeza gupfa ari benshi 51 Muri ubwo buzima, Abatutsi bumvaga ko ari ibintu bitazamara igihe, ko bazasubizwa iwabo, bagasubira mu byabo. Ariko siko byaje kugenda. Nyuma y'iminsi mike abayobozi baje kubabwira ko inkambi zigomba kuvaho, abantu bakajya gutura muri peyizana. Abantu batangiye batabyumva, barabyanga, kuko 50 Ikiganiro abashakashatsi bagiranye n'umutangabuhamya NTEZIYAREMYE Jonas mu Karere ka Musanze, Gashyantare 2017 51 Ikiganiro abashakashatsi bagiranye n'umutangabuhamya NTEZIYAREMYE Jonas mu Karere ka Musanze, Gashyantare 2017

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45Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri bumvaga nta mpamvu yo kuguma mu Bugesera ko bagomba gusubira iwabo. Ubwo nibwo haje gukoreshwa andi mayeri, abayobozi b'icyo gihe bafata umwanzuro wo kubima ibyo kurya, bavuga ko bazongera gutanga ibyo kurya ku bantu bagiye muri peyizana. Babonye ko bashobora kwicwa n'inzara, baje kwemera, bava mu nkambi, berekeza mu biturage, batuzwa mu byitwaga peyizana. Muri ubwo buzima butoroshye, abaturutse hamwe bakomeje kwisungana, ku buryo wasangaga aho bagiye gutura bahita amazina asa n'ay'aho baturutse. Mu gushaka kumenya impamvu ubuyobozi bw'abakoloni bwaciriye Abatutsi mu Bugesera, umwe mu batangabuhamya utarahigwaga wagizwe sushefu mu yahoze ari Komini Nkumba, nyuma yo kuvanaho sushefu wari uhari, asobanura ko: Abakoloni bacira Abatutsi mu Bugesera bwari uburyo bwo kubica ariko bitagaragariye amahanga, bakicwa n'ubuzima bubi bari bajyanywemo. Ikindi na none kwari ukugira ngo ubutaka bwari ubwa Abatutsi buhabwe Abahutu kuko ngo aribo bageze mu Rwanda mbere, bityo, Abatutsi nabo bahange ahabo 52. Umutangabuhamya wavuzwe haruguru wabaye na Burugumesitiri wa Komini Nkumba kuva 1963 kugeza 1976, avuga ko nyuma yo gutwikira Abatutsi no kubamenesha, yatumweho na Administrateur wa Teritwari ya Ruhengeri witwa De Man kuza gufata ibaruwa imugira sushefu by'agateganyo mu gihe cy'amezi atandatu. Ubwo bamusabye ko yazajya kureba sushefu wayoboraga agace ka Burera witwa Mwikarago wari warameneshejwe akamuha ibitabo abaturage basoreragamo. Yagiye kureba Sushefu Mwikarago amushyikiriza agapapuro abazungu bamuhaye, sushefu nawe amuha ibyo basabye. 52 Ikiganiro abashakashatsi bagiranye n'umutangabuhamya NGARUYE Ignace mu Karere ka Burera, Werurwe 2017

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46Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri Mu rwego rwo kurushago kumenya icyari cyihishe inyuma bamenesha Abatutsi no kubacira mu Bugesera, undi mutangabuhamya nawe abisobanura muri aya magambo: Ibi byose byari mu mugambi wa PARMEHUTU yarimo ishaka ubutegetsi ifatanyije n'Ababirigi. Ababirigi bashatse gukora mu Rwanda ibyo bafite iwabo. Barebeye u Rwanda mu ishusho y'Igihugu cyabo, bashatse gukora igisa na Tutsi-land na Hutu-land, ngo bamwe bajye mu gice kimwe abandi bajye mu kindi. Jenoside ikirangira, icyo gitekerezo cyaragarutse cyo kuvuga ko Abahutu n'Abatutsi babatandukanya, bamwe bagatuzwa mu gace kabo. Ibyo n'ibikekerezo bishingiye ku bukoroni bw'Ababirigi 53. Gucira Abatutsi mu Bugesera kwari ukugira ngo bazicwe n'ubuzima bubi, kubera ko abakoloni batashatse kubica kumugaragaro. Ikindi abatangauhamya bavuga ni uko abakoloni bari bumvishije aba PARMEHUTU ko Abatutsi baje basanga Abahutu mu gihugu, ko ubutaka batunze bwari ubw' Abahutu. Kubera iyo mpamvu bagombaga kububaka, bakajya guhanga ubwabo ahantu babonaga ko ubuzima bwaho bugoranye, bashobora no kuhasiga ubuzima 54. Mu 1961, Su-Perefe witwaga NTAMUSHOBORA Pierre, yongeye gupakira Abatutsi bari barasigaye, nabo babacira mu Bugesera. Ibyo byabaye nyuma y'amatora ya Kamarampaka ku itariki 28 Mutarama 1961. Abatutsi batatoye ibyo abarwanashyaka ba PARMEHUTU bashakaga, baratotejwe, barameneshwa, bahungira muri Zayire na Uganda, abandi babajyana mu Bugesera. Icyo gihe Abatutsi benshi barababeshyeye bavuga 53 Ikiganiro abashakashatsi bagiranye n'umutangabuhamya NTEZIYAREMYE Jonas mu Karere ka Musanze, Gashyantare 2017 54 Ikiganiro abashakashatsi bagiranye n'umutangabuhamya NDAGIJIMANA Jean Bosco mu Karere ka Musanze, Werurwe 2017

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47Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri ko batoye ubwami aho gutora Repubulika, babona impamvu yo kubamenesha55. Kuva mu 1959 himakajwe ingengabitekerezo y'ivangura n'amacakubiri bikozwe n'abarwanashyaka ba PARMEHUTU, hashimangirwa inyigisho mbi zo kwanganisha Abanyarwanda, bavuga ko Umututsi ari umugome, ko ari inzoka, ibyo byose biza kuba inyigisho zo mu mashuri n'ahandi hatandukanye mu miyoborere yakurikiye icyiswe Revolution Sociale yo mu 1959. Abatutsi bamaze kujyanwa mu Bugesera habayeho kugabana amasambu yabo. Abatarahunze babayeho mu buzima bwo guhezwa no gutotezwa. 1. 4. Kubarura no kugurisha imitungo y'Abatutsi bameneshejwe mu 1959 Nyuma y'aho Abatutsi batwikiwe, bagasahurwa ibyabo, bakicwa, abarokotse bakameneshwa kuva mu 1959 bigizwemo uruhare n'ubuyobozi bwa gikoloni bw'Ababirigi, tariki 29 Mutarama 1960, Administrateur wa Teritwari ya Ruhengeri J. DE MAN, yandikiye Abasushefu b'agataganyo bari bamaze gushyirwaho, amenyesha Abashefu bose ko yabonye amakuru avuga ko Abatutsi bahunze bagenda bagaruka bakagurisha inka zabo abaturage. Kubwo iyo mpamvu yabasabye ko bitarenze tariki 25 Gashyantare 1960, abasushefu bose bagomba kuba bamugejejeho ibi bikurikira:-Umubare w'Inka zaguzwe;-Umubare w'ibimasa;-Umubare w'inyana. 55 Ikiganiro abashakashatsi bagiranye n'umutangabuhamya GATANAZI Berchmas mu Karere ka Nyabihu, Gashyantare 2017

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48Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri Iyo raporo na none yagombaga kugaragaza umubare w'Inka zasigaye z'Abatutsi bahunze zitaragurishwa56. Mu ibaruwa no 160/AI. 25 yo kuwa 13 Mutarama 1960, Administrateur Territorial Assistant, DECLERCO. E. yamenyesheje abatware b'Intara bose, n'abatware b'imisozi bose amategeko bagomba gukurikiza yerekeye igurisha ry'ibintu byatawe (imyaka ikiri mu mirima n'amatungo magufi) byasizwe n'Abatutsi bavuye muri sous-chefferie bayobora. Ayo mabwiriza ni akurikira:-Hazagurisha abagize inama y'umusozi, bazitonde kugira ngo ibiguzwe bitangirwe igiciro gitunganye;-Ikiguzwe cyose kizajya gitangirwa urupapuro (quittance ) yanditswe ho izina ry'umuguzi, naho atuye; izina rya nyir'ibintu n'aho yari atuye ataragenda.-Umutware w'umusozi azatandukanya ku rupapuro yari yarategetswe kwandikaho ibintu byatawe n'abatwikiwe, ibintu byaguzwe bijye ukwabyo.-Kuri buri quitance bazajya basobanura umubare n'ubwoko bw'ibintu byaguzwe n'igiciro cyatangiwe buri bwoko bw'ikintu. Za quittance zabigenewe muzazohererezwa bidatinze, mujye muvana ku mutware w'Intara izo mukeneye.-Muzajya mwandika lisiti y'ibyaguzwe buri kwezi, amafaranga aherekejwe na lisiti y'ibyaguzwe na za quitances azajya kwa comptable wa chefferie uko ukwezi gushize. 56 Territoire du Rwanda-Urundi, resident du Rwanda, Territoire de Ruhengeri, Ibaruwa No A/346/1. TSI yo kuwa 29 Mutarama 1960, yanditswe na Adiministrateur wa Teritwari J. DE MAN.

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49Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri-Umutware w'umusozi azajya abika copie y'iyo lisiti yanditswe mu mibare y'ibidasanzwe (ibyaramuwe mu bintu byatakajwe). Mu ibaruwa no 161/AI. 25 yo kuwa 21 Mutarama 1960 Administrateur Territorial Assistant, DECLERCO. E, yandikiye Umutware w'Umusozi wa Muko, NDABEREYE, yamusabye ko yamwoherereza vuba bidatinze lisiti y'ibintu by'Abatutsi bavuye muri susheferi batuyemo. Yamusabye ko muri raporo amwoherereza agomba gushyiramo lisiti n'ahantu ibyo bintu byatwawe biri, ni ukuvuga, imirima, amatungo n'izina ry'umuturage ubirinda. DECLERCO yamusabye kohereza iyo raporo mu minsi itanu gusa, bitarenze tariki ya 26 Mutarama 1960. Nk'uko twabikomojeho ko abaturage basanzwe b'Abahutu bagerageje guhisha amatungo n'ibikoresho bitandukanye byari byasizwe n'Abatutsi bameneshejwe ndetse ko hari n'aho abaturage b'Abahutu bagemuriraga ndetse bakanasura Abatutsi bari bahungiye mu bihugu bya Uganda na Zayire, ibyo bikorwa byababaje abakoloni batifuzaga ko Abatutsi bagira icyo bagurisha, yaba Inka cyangwa isambu. Ni muri urwo rwego bandikiye abasushefu bose babasaba ko babaha raporo ikubiyemo lisiti y'inka zagurishijwe, izikiriho, amazina y'abaturage bazisigaranye ndetse na lisiti y'imirima n'amazina y'ababisigaranye. Ibi biragaragaza uburyo Abakoloni b'Ababirigi bari inyuma igikorwa cyo kumenesha Abatutsi kubera ko ahenshi ba Administrateur bari inyuma y'abarwanashyaka ba PARMEHUTU bagendaga batwikira Abatutsi no kubanyaga ibyabo. Administrateur Territorial assistant Principal, DIERCRX De CASTERIE. M. mu ibaruwa n o 692/AI. 26 yo kuwa 20 Gashyantare 1961 yandikiye ba Burugumesitiri bose ba Teritwari ya Ruhengeri, akamenyesha abantu batandukanye harimo shefu wa Centre yakira impunzi i Nyamata, yagize ati:

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50Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri Ndabamenyesha icyo nemeje kubyerekeye Inka z'Abatutsi b'impunzi bavuye muri Territoire ya Ruhengeri ko: -Abatutsi bafite igihe cy'ukwezi kumwe kugira ngo baze kujyana inka zabo. Maze rero ndabasaba kugira ngo muzafashe abo Batutsi, niba bafite inzandiko z'inzira, kugira ngo bazashobore kurangiza mu mahoro n'ituze ibyabo n'abazaba bararagiye inka zabo. Ibihe bizaba birimo impaka, urukiko rwa Komini (Tribunal de Canton) ruzaca urubanza ntampaka.-Muzamenyeshe abaturage bose ko abagaragu mbasabye mbihanangiriza kuzaza mu rukiko gusaba imigabane hamwe naba shebuja. Shebuja niyanga kwitaba convocation y'urukiko azaba atsinzwe 57. Kubera ko Abatutsi bari baratwawe gutuzwa mu gace ka Bugesera bageragezaga kugaruka ngo batware nibura inka zabo n'ibintu byabo byari byarasigaranywe n'abaturanyi babo, Administrateur Territorial Assistant Principal, DIERCRX De CASTERIE. M. yabahaye igihe kingana n'ukwezi kumwe kuba baje gutwara inka zabo, ariko bakaza bitwaje urwandiko rw'inzira babaga bahawe n'umuyobozi ukuriye centre yabakiriye y'i Nyamata. Muri uko kuza gutwara inka zabo, bagombaga kumvikana n'abagaragu babaga baziragiye, kugabana hagati yabo bigakorwa mu bwumvikane, hazamo ikibazo, bakitabaza urukiko rwa Komini. Abatangabuhamya twaganiriye bavuga ko n'ubwo bari babahaye ayo mahirwe yo kujya kuzana inka basize, abenshi muri bo batinye gusubirayo. Abageragezaga kugaruka ni abari barahungiye muri 57 Mubo Administrateur DIERCRX yamenyesheje harimo: Resident du Rwanda, Chef du Centre d'Accueil à Nyamata, Ministre de l'Intérieur et Ministre des affaires sociales.

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51Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri Uganda, mu duce duhana imbibi na Teritwari ya Ruhengeri. Imyaka yakurikiyeho, Leta ya Perezida Kayibanda Grégoire yasohoye Iteka ryerekeye impunzi zigaruka mu gihugu, rizibuza kugira uburenganzira ku masambu yabo basize. Amabwiriza no 24. 20/A. 09/yerekeye Iteka rya Perezida no 25/01 ryo kuwa 26 Gashyantare 1966 ryerekeye impunzi zigaruka mu gihugu n'ibindi bibazo bizerekeye, ingingo ya 3-y'Iteka rya Perezida ivuga ko: Umuntu wese wari warahunze iyo agarutse ntashobora nabusa kuregera amasambu yari atuyemo cyangwa se yahingaga mbere niba ayo masambu yarahawe abandi baturage cyangwa se hari ikindi Leta cyangwa ubutegetsi bwa Komini byayageneye Agace ka gatatu k'iyo ngingo kavuga uko ibintu byandagaye bigomba gufatwa, gaha uburenganzira abategetsi ba Komini gukondesha imirima y'impunzi amafaranga agashyirwa mu isanduku ya Leta. Impunzi itahutse ntizigera na rimwe yaka amafaranga y'ubukodeshe bw'ibintu yasize. Ibyerekeye amatungo impunzi zasize, iyo ngingo ivuga ko: “ Naho amatungo kubera ko bayaragira byarushya Komini, azagurishwa muri cyamunara bamaze gukora inyandiko-mvugo y'uko yatawe, amafaranga avuyemo akajya mu isanduku ya Komini ”. Ku bijyanye n'imitungo yononekaye yasizwe n'Abatutsi, agace ka kane kavuga ku bwishingire bw'abantu bazimiye n'ibintu byononekaye: Mu gihe basigaga ibintu byabo byaba ibyimurwa n'ibitimurwa, bene byo nibo batumye byandagara. Nta wishingiye uguhunga kwabo kwatewe n'ubwoba cyangwa ibikangisho. Abategetsi bariho ubu ntibashobora na rimwe kwishingira ingaruka y'uko guhunga.

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52Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri Ako gace ka kane gakomeza kavuga ko: Ntacyo binyuranijeho n'ingingo ya 30 y'Itegeko ryo kuwa 25 Gashyantare 1963, ikirego cyose cyerekeye kubaza abantu, ibintu cyangwa indishyi izo arizo zose zerekeye ibyo byose, ntikizaburanishwa n'Inkiko. Nicyo kimwe ku bibazo nkibyo byashyikirizwa abategetsi” 58. I. 5. Ibikorwa by'Urugomo n'ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi mu gihe cy'Ubutegetsi bwa Perezida Kayibanda Grégoire Perezida Grégore Kayibanda amaze gufata ubutegetsi kuva mu 1962 yagaragaje urwango rukabije ku bwoko bw'Abatutsi. Mu gihe cy'ubutegetsi bwe, buri gihe cyose inyenzi zateraga yahitaga atanga itegeko ryo kwica Abatutsi. Abatutsi bakomeje guhohoterwa bashinjwa kuba inyuma y'ibitero by' inyenzi. Ni muri urwo rwego mu gihe hagabwaga igitero cy'Inyenzi cyabaye kuwa 3 na 4 Nyakanga 1962 giturutse mu Birunga, Abatutsi benshi barafashwe baricwa cyane cyane guhera tariki ya 1 Ukuboza 1962. Abarwanashyaka ba PARMEHUTU bitaga “indamage” nizo zagendaga zitwika amazu y'Abatutsi muri icyo gihe. Umutangabuhamya wari utuye mu yahoze ari Komini Nkuli asobanura uko byagenze: Muri Nyakanga 1962, Abatutsi barishwe, amazu yabo aratwikwa. Abatwikaga ni abarwanashyaka ba PARMEHUTU biyitaga abarinzi b'amahoro cyangwa indamage. Izo 58 Amabwiriza no 24. 20/A. 09/yerekeye Iteka rya Perezida no 25/01 ryo kuwa 26 Gashyantare 1966 ryerekeye impunzi zigaruka mu gihugu n'ibindi bibazo bizerekeye. Aya mabwiriza yashyizweho umukono na Minisitiri w'ubutegetsi bw'Igihugu n'abakozi ba Leta, Lieutenant Colonel Kanyarengwe Alexis na Minisitiri w'Ubucamanaza, Habimana Bonaventure.

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53Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri ndamage zabaga zifite imiheto n'amacumu nibo bazaga kwica Abatutsi59. Na none mu kwezi k'Ukuboza 1963, ubwo Inyenzi zateraga mu Bugesera, na za Bugarama, Abatutsi barishwe, amazu yabo aratwikwa. Abatutsi bishwe mu 1963 babaziza ko inyenzi zateye. Icyo gihe hafashwe Abatutsi bize n'abagaragaraga ko bakomeye, bafite ubutunzi. Umutangabuhamya utarahigwaga avuga ko mu bafashwe harimo Etiènne Africa wigeze kuba Ministre; hafashwe kandi Nshogoza Francois na Mpambara n'abandi. Barabafashe bajya kubarasira i Nyamagumba, mu Ruhengeri 60. Muri 1967 ubwo inyenzi zari zateye ziturutse mu birunga, bamwe mu Batutsi bari batuye mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri bongeye kwicwa, amazu menshi barayatwika, ndetse habaho no kongera kumeneshwa bahungira muri Uganda na Zayire. Abatarahunze, baratotejwe barafungwa ndetse habaho no gushimuta bamwe muri bo. Umutangabuhamya ukomoka mu yahoze ari Komini Kigombe asobanura ibijyanye n'ibikorwa by'itotezwa bakorerwaga muri aya magambo: Kuva mu 1967, Abatutsi batuye muri aka gace, baratotejwe mu bihe bitandukanye ndetse baranafungwa bitwa ibyitso by'inyenzi. Umubyeyi wanjye witwa Kabirigi Denis yafunzwe muri 1967 igihe Inyenzi zateraga ziturutse mu birunga. Inzego z'umutekano zifatanije n'abayobozi b'inzego z'ibanze, baraje baramufata, bamushinja gukorana n'inyenzi, nyamara ntiyarazi Inyenzi abo aribo. Baramutwaye kubw'amahirwe ntiyicwa, yongera kuboneka nyuma y'umwaka wose. 59 Ikiganiro abashakashatsi bagiranye n'umutangabuhamya GATANAZI Berchmas mu Karere ka Nyabihu, Gashyantare 2017 60 Ikiganiro abashakashatsi bagiranye n'umutangabuhamya NTANTURO Elias mu Karere ka Burera, Werurwe 2017

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54Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri Kubera ko yari asanzwe ari umukanishi, bamubeshye ko hari ibyuma bigiye gutezwa cyamunara ku Gisenyi, ubwo agenda azi ko ari ukuri, kandi yari amayeri yo gushaka uburyo bamushimuta, ubwo bamutwara batyo, ntiyongeye kugaruka 61. Mu gihe ubutegetsi bwa Kayibanda bwibasiraga Abatutsi, babatwikira no kubica, hari bamwe mu baturage basanzwe bageragezaga kubarwanaho ndetse no guhisha ibyabo, na nyuma uwabaga yatwikiwe bakagerageza kumwubakira indi nzu. Ibi biragaragaza imibanire myiza abaturage bari basanzwe bafitanye nubwo nyuma ibintu byaje guhinduka, ubutegetsi bukinjiza mu baturage ingengabitekerezo y'urwango ku Batutsi. I. 6. Kwirukana Abatutsi mu mashuri no mu kazi ka Leta mu 1973 mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri Muri 1973, habayeho gutoteza Abatutsi, kubirukana mu mashuri no mu mirimo ya Leta. Kwirukana abanyeshuri n'abarimu b'Abatutsi byabaye mu kwezi kwa Gashyantare 1973, bikorwa n'abanyeshuri babaga mu kanama kitwa Comité du salut, babifashijwemo n'ubuyobozi bwa Perefegitura. Urugero, perefe Karuhije Ignace yari yarakoze listi y'Abatutsikazi avuga ko bashotora Abahutukazi mu ishuri ry'i Rwaza. Hirukanywe abanyeshuri n'abarimu bo mu bigo by'amashuri atandukanye, harimo abo muri Institut Notre Dame de l'Etoile, Ecole Normale de Rwaza, n'ahandi. Mu barimu birukanywe bigishaga i Musanze harimo: Segaju Joseph, Hategekimana Joachim, Ngarambe Laurent, Ugirashebuja Jacques, n'abandi. Mu banyeshuri b'Abatutsi birukanywe harimo Felix Ngarambe, Jean Claude Rugema, Oscar Rurangwa, Leonard Musoni, etc. 61 Ikiganiro abashakashatsi bagiranye n'umutangabuhamya GAKIRE Jean Chrysostome mu Karere ka Musanze, Werurwe 2017

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55Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri Kuri Koleji ya Musanze, abarimu b'Abatutsi babujijwe kwinjira mu kigo, babonye ko umutekano wabo utameze neza bahungira i Jomba muri Teritwari ya Rucuru, mu cyahoze ari Zayire (DRC). Abanyeshuri b'Abatutsi bo bavuye muri icyo kigo babifashijwemo na bamwe mu barimu batari bashyigikiye umugambi wo kwirukana no kwica Abatutsi. Mu ishuri ry'uburezi (Ecole Normale) ry'i Rwaza, kumenesha no kwirukana Abatutsi byabaye nyuma y'aho abanyeshuri bavuye mu biruhuko by'igihembwe cya mbere muri Gashyantare 1973. Abanyeshuri b'Abatutsi birukanywe bageraga kuri 30, hirukanwa umwarimu w'Umututsi wahigishaga witwa Ngabonziza Damien 62. Muri icyo gihe, abanyeshuri bibumbiye muri Comité du Salut bashyigikiwe n'ubuyobozi biraye mu Batutsi barakubita, bakomeretsamo benshi. Abarokotse bahungiye kuri paruwasi ya Rwaza. Abapadiri nibo bafashije Abatutsikazi bari bahungiye kuri Paruwasi ya Rwaza, barabacikisha bamwe babajyana i Goma, i Burundi na Uganda. Mu birukanywe i Rwaza harimo Marie Mujawamariya, Mukanyirigira Consolée, Uwimbabazi Véronique n'abandi. 63 Umutangabuhamya wigishaga mu ishuri ry'uburezi (Ecole Normale) ry' i Rwaza, asobanura uko birukanywe: Kwirukana byatangiye tuvuye mu biruhuko by'igihembwe cya mbere ku itariki ya 26 Gashyantare 1973. Mbere y'uko nsubira ku ishuri, nahuye na bamwe mu banyeshuri bari bavuye mu biruhuko i Kigali bashaka gusubira ku ishuri i Kabgayi. Bambwiye ko bafite ubwoba, ko hari ibintu bibi bigiye kuba, ko hari abanyeshuri bakomoka mu Ruhengeri bari gutegura ibintu 62 Mugesera Antoine (2004), Imibereho y'Abatutsi muri Repubulika ya mbere n'iya Kabiri. Les Editions Rwandaises, Kigali, p. 243 63 Mugesera Antoine (2004), Imibereho y'Abatutsi muri Repubulika ya mbere n'iya Kabiri. Les Editions Rwandaises, Kigali, p. 244

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56Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri bitari byiza. Nababwiye ko njye nta makuru mfite, ko ntabyo nzi, dore ko i Rwaza nta kibazo twari dufite. Bakomeje kumbaza niba bashobora gusubira ku ishuri, mbabwira ko basubirayo. Mbabazwa cyane ko umwe muri abo banyeshuri banyumviye, yageze i Kabgayi baramwica. Ubwo nanjye nagiye ku ishuri i Rwaza, nyura aho nari nshumbitse mbika igikapu n'ibindi bintu nari mfite. Abanyeshuri babiri bo muri section nigishaga baraje, bati ibintu bimeze nabi ku ishuri, ko bari kubahiga ngo babice. Nabajije abo banyeshuri nti: ese ni bande? bambwira ko ari abanyeshuri b'ababahutukazi bashaka kubica. Nyuma yo kubona ko abanyeshuri bose bigaga kuri icyo cyigo bahungiye iwanjye, nagiye gutabaza kuri Paruwasi mpasanga umupadiri witwa Daguerre musobanurira uko ikibazo giteye, ambwira ko nawe yabyumvise ko byabaye mu gihugu hose. Umupadiri w'umu Aumonier yahise aza aho ndi, ansaba ko nakwegeranya ibikoresho n'imyenda yanjye bityo ampungishe njye i Kigali. Niko byagenze, nyuma yo kwegeranya ibintu nari mfite, yantwaye muri Voiture VW, ndyama ku ntebe hejuru ashyiraho imyenda kugira ngo batambona. Uwo mu Aumonier yahise antwara i Kigali. Abanyeshuri nabo, babashakiye imodoka zibatwara kugera i Kigali. Maze kugera i Kigali, nashatse uburyo nasubira mu Bubirigi, kubera ko nari narahize; nshaka passport n'ibindi byangombwa, nyura inzira y'i Burundi, nsubira mu Bubirigi 64. 64 Ikiganiro abashakashatsi bagiranye n'umutangabuhamya NGABONZIZA Damien, Kigali, 2018.

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57Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri Kumanika urutonde ruriho amazina y'Abatutsi bagomba kwirukanwa byakorwaga n'ijoro. Mu gitondo, Abatutsi bazaga ku kazi nk'uko bisanzwe, bagasanga lisiti imanitse ahantu hagaragara ivuga ko batemerewe kwinjira. N'ubwo nta muyobozi wagaragaraga ko ariwe wasinye kuri iyo lisiti, Abatutsi babifataga nk'ihame, bikubahirizwa bityo. Ntawageragezaga kubaza ngo byakozwe nande? kubera iki?......; nta mutegetsi numwe wabaga yiteguye kubarenganura. 1. 7. Gutwikira Abatutsi mu 1973 Mu gihe hirukanwaga Abatutsi mu mashuri no mu mirimo ya Leta, abaturage basanzwe b'Abatutsi nabo barahohotewe, batwika amazu yabo. Mu ntangiriro z'ukwezi kwa gatatu 1973, abarwanashyaka ba PARMEHUTU biraye mu mazu y'Abatutsi barayatwika. Batwikiye Abatutsi mu zahoze ari Komini Mukingo, Nkuli, Kinigi, Ndusu, Gatonde, Nyarutovu n'ahandi hatandukanye. Icyo gihe habaruwe amazu y'Abatutsi yatwitswe agera kuri 421. 65 Abarwanashyaka ba PARMEHUTU bavugaga ko bari gutwika ibijerijeri, kuko muri icyo gihe abaturage basakazaga ibijerijeri by' amashyaza bakarenzaho ubukangaga. Mu ijoro ryo ku itariki ya 3 Werurwe 1973, abarwanashyaka ba PARMEHUTU batwikiye Abatutsi bo muri Komini ya Nkuli no mu tundi duce duhanye imbibi nayo. Bamwe mu Batutsi bahungiye kuri Komini, abandi bahungira kuri paruwasi ya Rambura muri Komini Karago. Muri Segiteri ya Jenda, mu batwikiwe muri Werurwe 1973 harimo; Karekezi, Munyentarama, n'abandi.. Mu yahoze ari Komini Mukingo, Mpiranya Mathias wari umudepite mu nteko ishingamategeko y'u Rwanda niwe washishikarizaga abaturage kwibasira bagenzi babo b'Abatutsi. 65 Mugesera Antoine (2004), Imibereho y'Abatutsi muri Repubulika ya mbere n'iya Kabiri. Les Editions Rwandaises, Kigali, p. 245

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58Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri Abatutsi bahungiye kuri paruwasi ya Busogo, mu gihe abo muri Komini Nkuli bamwe bahungiye kuri misiyoni y'Abadivantiste b'umunsi wa Karindwi mu Rwankeri66. Kwibasira Abatutsi no kubasenyera muri uwo mwaka byari bimeze nko mu gihe cya muyaga yo mu 1959. Umwe mu batangabuhamya warokotse icyo gihe, asobanura ko: Muri Werurwe 1973, hongeye kwaduka ibikorwa by'urugomo, Abatutsi bongera kwibasirwa, barameneshwa ndetse baratwikirwa. Ibyo bikorwa by'urugomo byakorwaga n'abaturanyi b'Abahutu babishishikarijwe na Leta. Abaturanyi bacu nibo badutwikiraga nubwo hari Abahutu bafite umutima mwiza baduhishe bakaduhishira n'ibyacu 67. Mu yahoze ari Komini Nyarutovu ahitwa mu Kivuruga, batwikiye Abatutsi ndetse barabamenesha. Umutangabuhamya muri ubu bushakashatsi avuga ko mu batwikiwe yibuka harimo Kajeguhakwa, Sekayange Anastase, Senkware, Mvunabandi, Michael, n'abandi 68. Mu yahoze ari Komini Kinigi, hatwikiwe Abatutsi benshi harimo: Bigirimana, Rwemera, Sebafunzi, Ntibarikure, n'abandi. Mu yahoze ari Komini Nkumba na Kidaho, gutwikira Abatutsi byabaye mu kwezi kwa Werurwe 1973 nk'uko bisobanurwa n'umutangabuhamya: 66 Ikiganiro abashakashatsi bagiranye n'umutangabuhamya GATANAZI Berchmans mu Karere ka Nyabihu, Gashyantare 2017 67 Ikiganiro abashakashatsi bagiranye n'umutangabuhamya SEBASORE Javan mu Karere ka Musanze, Werurwe 201768 Ikiganiro abashakashatsi bagiranye n'umutangabuhamya UWIMANA Josée mu Karere ka Gakenke, Werurwe 2017

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59Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri Ku itariki ya 3 Werurwe 1973 abarwanashyaka ba PARMEHUTU bateye umuryango wanjye, amazu yacu yose barayatwika. Icyo gihe nari najyanye na bagenzi banjye mu nama ya Jeunesse Agricole Catholique i Byumba, tugeze yo dusanga bari gukubita abanyeshuri n'abarimu b' Abatutsi, padiri twari twajyanye yagiye kumpisha ahantu, nk'ejo y'aho dusubira mu rugo. Ku itariki ya 4 Werurwe 1973, bamwe mu bapolisi ba Komini barimo Havugimana Antoine na Mbarukize Frodouard baje mu rugo bategeka umubyeyi wanjye gukingura, babonye yanze, umuryango barawumena. Baramfashe bashaka kunsambanya, ndabangira, bankubita igiti cy'imbunda. Umubyeyi wanjye yaje ankulikiye, tugeze imbere duhura na Burugumesitiri Bizimana Aloys, ategeka abapolisi ko batureka, turokoka dutyo 69. Mu yahoze ari Komini Gatonde, bamwe mu Batutsi batwikiwe mu 1973 harimo Bazambanza, Ringuyeneza n'abandi. Hishwe kandi Bwijenkoziki wabanje gukubitwa cyane akakwa amafaranga nyuma ajyanywe kwa muganga yicwa n'inkoni yari yakubiswe n'uwitwa Gasherebuka Laurent wakoraga muri Komini Gatonde 70. Abandi Batutsi benshi barafunzwe harimo Rwubaka Augustin na barumuna be Batsinda Valens, Ndakaza, Munyemanzi n'abandi. Bagiye kuri Komini bahunze, aho kwakirwa bahita babafunga 71. Abatangabuhamya bavuga ko gutwikira Abatutsi n'ubwicanyi bwabakorerwaga bwahagaritswe n'Umusirikare witwa Ruhashya Epimaque, wafungishije abatwitse amazu, bituma 69 Ikiganiro abashakashatsi bagiranye n'umutangabuhamya MUKAMUGEMA Annonciata mu Karere ka Musanze, Werurwe 2017 70 Ikiganiro abashakashatsi bagiranye n'umutangabuhamya MUKAMANA Alphonsine mu Karere ka Gakenke, Werurwe 201771 Ikiganiro abashakashatsi bagiranye n'umutangabuhamya NYIRABABERUKA Immaculée mu Karere ka Gakenke, Werurwe 2017

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60Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri abandi batinya, ibikorwa by'urugomo bisa n'ibihagaze. Icyakora, abafashwe bahise bafungurwa, nta gihe bamaze muri gereza72 Nk'uko byagenze muri 1959, hari abaturage b'Abahutu bahishe amatungo n'ibikoresho byo mu mazu y'Abatutsi, ndetse hari naho bahagararaga ku mazu y'Abatutsi bagasubiza inyuma aba Parmehutu babaga baje gutwika 73. I. 8. Coup d'Etat yo mu 1973 n'ihezwa ry'Abatutsi mu nzego zitandukanye mu gihe cy'Ubutegetsi bwa Perezida Habyarimana Juvénal Mu 1973, hirya no hino mu duce dutandukanye tw'Igihugu hari umwuka mubi hagati y'Abahutu n'Abatutsi, hagati y'Abanyenduga n'Abakiga. Ni muri urwo rwego Habyarimana Juvénal wari umugaba Mukuru w'ingabo afatanije na bagenzi be, abo bise “Les Onze camarades du 5 Juillet “ yahise akorera perezida Kayibanda Grégoire “ Coup d'Etat”. Abafatanije na Habyarimana Juvénal guhirika Perezida Kayibanda Grégoire ni :-Général Major Habyarimana Juvénal : Ministre de la Garde Nationale et de la Police et Chef d'Etat-Major GN ;-Lieutenant Colonel Kanyarengwe Alexis: Recteur du Petit séminaire de Nyundo ;-Major Nsekarije Aloys: Directeur ONATOU ;- Major Benda Sabin : Commandant de Cie QG et Camp Kigali ; 72 Ikiganiro abashakashatsi bagiranye n'umutangabuhamya NDAGIJIMANA Jerome mu Karere ka Musanze, Werurwe 2017 73 Ikiganiro abashakashatsi bagiranye n'umutangabuhamya JURU Anastase mu Karere ka Nyabihu, Gashyantare 2017

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61Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri-Major Ruhashya Epimaque: Commandant de Compagnie Ruhengeri ;- Major Gahimano Fabien : Commandant 2nd Ecole des Officiers (Kigali) ;-Major Jean Nepomuscène Munyandekwe: Attaché au Ministère de la Garde Nationale et de la Police, Service Civique de la jeunesse ;-Major Serubuga Laurent: Attaché au Ministère de la Garde Nationale et de la Police (Appro-Gestion) ;- Major Buregeya Bonaventure : Commandant de l'Ecole des Sous Officiers ;- Major Ntibitura Bonaventure : Directeur de la Sûreté intérieure ;-Major Simba Aloys: Commandant du Centre d'Instruction Kanombe. Coup d'Etat yakorewe Perezida Kayibanda Grégoire yabaye nyuma y'aho bamwe mu basirikare bakuru, nka Kanyarengwe, Nsekarije n'abandi bavanywe mu myanya barimo y'ubuyobozi bw'ingabo bahabwa imirimo ya gisivili. Impamvu yateye perezida Kayibanda Grégoire kubavana mu mirimo ya gisirikare ntivugwaho rumwe, icyo benshi bahurizaho ni uko yashakaga kuzamura abasirikare bakomoka mu gace k'induga bityo hakabaho iringaniza mu gisirikare, na none akaba yaratinyaga abakiga bari bamaze kuba benshi mu gisirikare cye kandi bakomeye, atinya ko nabareka bashobora kuzamukorera coup d'Etat. Muri discours ya Perezida Habyarimana Juvénal yo kuwa 1 Kanama 1973, avuga ko we na bagenzi be, mu gitondo cyo ku itariki ya 5 Nyakanga, binyuze kuri radiyo Rwanda, bamenyesheje Abanyarwanda bose ko badashobora kwihanganira politiki ya Kayibanda yo gukandamiza abasirikare bakuru abaha

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62Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri imirimo mito itajyanye na grades zabo; ko badashobora gukomeza kwihanganira politiki y'ivangura aho ubuyobozi bwose bwiharirwa n'abantu bakomoka mu gace kamwe; ko badashobora gukomeza kwihanganira akarengane gakorwa mu buryo butandukanye, n'ibindi 74. Mu nyandiko ngufi Jacques Morel yanditse “ Le rôle de Laurent Serubuga dans le génocide des Tutsi” avuga ko Laurent Serubuga afatanije na bagenzi be babanje kwatsa umuriro mbere y'uko bawuzimya, ubwo bakoreraga coup d'Etat Perezida Kayibanda Grégoire (Morel, 2008)75. Ikigaragara ni uko Habyarimana Juvénal na bagenzi be bajya gukora coup d'Etat batari bameranye neza na perezida Kayibanda Grégoire. Kugira ngo bagere ku mugambi wabo, bihishe inyuma y'imvururu zari mu mashuri no mu giturage hibasirwa Abatutsi kugira ngo babone urwitwazo bagenderaho barega Kayibanda ko yananiwe kugarura umutekano mu gihugu. Mu nyandiko yanditswe na Colonel BEM Balthazar Ndengeyinka yo kuwa 20 Nzeri 2013 avuga ko: [... abanyeshuri b'ishuri ry'aba ofisiye biboneye n'amaso yabo Alexis Kanyarengwe amanika ku muryango wa SIRWA lisiti y'abakozi b'Abatutsi bahakoraga bagomba kwirukanwa. Serivisi y'ubutasi, yari ikuriwe na Alexis Kanyarengwe niyo yakoraga lisiti y'abagomba kwirukanwa muri rusange] (Colonel BEM Ndengeyinka Balthazar ) 76. 74 Discours, messages et entretiens 5 Juillet 1973-Décembre 1974 de son Excellence, le Général Major Habyarimana Juvénal, Président de la République Rwandaise et Président du comité pour la Paix et l'Unité Nationale, 1981. 75 http://jacques. morel67. free. fr/Serubuga Laurent. pdf 76 http://sciencespolitiquesrwandaises. fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/AN NEXE-1-SEBATWARE-A. pdf, January 22, 2018

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63Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri Muri iyo nyandiko, Colonel Ndengeyinka akomeza avuga ko Coup d'état yo ku itariki 5 Nyakanga 1973 yabanjirijwe n'ibihe byaranzwe n'umutekano mucye, ibikorwa bifitanye isano nawo bikaba byarahereye muri Kaminuza y'u Rwanda. Abari inyuma y'uwo mutekano mucye bari mu itsinda ryiyise Comité du salut, ryari rigizwe n'abantu batandukanye, harimo Bizimungu Pasteur wakomokaga i Gisenyi mu Bushiru, Bizimungu Casimir wakomokaga mu Ruhengeri, Musabe Pasteur wakomokaga i Gisenyi mu Bushiru, Mugesera Léon wakomokaga i Gisenyi mu Cyingogo n'abandi batigeze bakurikiranwa n'ubutabera 77. Kubera urwango Perezida Kayibanda Grégoire yari afitiye Abatutsi, yashyigikiye ibikorwa by'urugomo byabibasiraga nk'iyirukanwa ryabo mu mashuri no mu mirimo ya Leta, mu gihe Habyarimana Juvénal na bagenzi be (Onze camarades du 5 Juillet) babibonaga nk'amahirwe yo kubageza ku mugambi wabo wo kumuhirika ku butegetsi. Nk'uko abatangabuhamya bavuga, nyuma ya Coup d'état habaye agahenge gato, ndetse Abatutsi batangira kumva ko bagiye gusubizwa agaciro, bagahabwa amahirwe angana n'ayabandi banyarwanda, nyamara uburenganzira bwabo bwagarukiye mu kwemererwa gucuruza no gukora akazi kadafite aho gahuriye na Politiki y'Igihugu. Mu 1975, Perezida Habyarimana Juvénal yashyizeho ishyaka rya Politiki, Mouvement Révolutionaire National pour le Développement (MRND). Nubwo ishyaka rye ryavugaga ko imwe mu ntego yaryo ari ukubumbatira ubumwe bw'Abanyarwanda, ntabwo ariko byagenze. Ivangura n'amacakubiri bishingiye ku bwoko n'akarere byarimakajwe, akomereza mu murongo w'uwamubanjirije, Perezida Kayibanda Grégoire. 77 http://sciencespolitiquesrwandaises. fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/ANNEXE- 1-SEBATWARE-A. pdf, January 22, 2018

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64Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri Guheza Abatutsi n'abo yitaga Abanyanduga byarimakajwe kuva Perezida Habyarimana Juvénal yafata ubutegetsi mu 1973. Guheza Abatutsi byakorwaga mu nzego zose, haba muri politiki, mu mashuri, imirimo ya Leta no mu nzego z'umutekano. Muri Politiki, nta Mututsi wajyaga mu nzego nkuru za Leta, na bake barimo, bari agakingirizo. Nk'uko umwanditsi Peter Uvin abigarukaho, mu gihe cy'ubutegetsi bwa Perezida Juvénal Habyarimana, nta Mututsi n'umwe wari Burugumesitiri cyangwa perefe (mbere y'uko hajyaho amashyaka menshi ya politiki), hari umusirikare mukuru umwe w'Umututsi mu gisirikare cyose, hari Abatutsi babiri mu nteko ishingamategeko yari igizwe n'abantu bagera kuri mirongo irindwi, n'umu Minisitiri umwe w'Umututsi mu baminisitiri bagera kuri makumyabiri na batanu. 78 Abatangabuhamya bavuga ko bitari byoroshye ko Umututsi bamugira Konseye wa Segiteri; n'uwabaga yagizwe Konseye yabaga ari nk' agakingirizo79. Mu gisirikare naho niko byari bimeze. Umutangabuhamya wari umusirikare wa FAR avuga ko kwinjira mu gisirikare bagombaga gushakisha amakuru bakamenya neza ko ugiye kujya mu gisirikare atari Umututsi. Akomeza avuga ko bashyiragaho uburyo butandukanye bwo kurobanura abagomba kujya mu gisirikare, bagashyiraho amananiza yo gutuma Abatutsi batemererwa kwinjira igisirikare. Arabisobanura muri aya magambo: Kugira ngo winjire mu gisirikare bagombaga kureba icyo bita “pinye” ni ukuvuga bapimaga uburebure n'ubugari bw'igituza kugirango Abatutsi babone uko 78 Peter Uvin (1998), Aiding Violence: The Development Enteprise in Rwanda. United States of America. Kumarian Press, Inc., p. 35 79 Ikiganiro abashakashatsi bagiranye n'umutangabuhamya GATANAZI Berchmans mu Karere ka Nyabihu, Gashyantare 2017

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65Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri basigara bareke kujya mu giririkare. Mu mirimo ya Leta naho barahezwaga, niyo mpamvu bakundaga kujya mu gipadiri n'ubufurera kuko ariho bemerwaga nta kibazo80. Undi mutangabuhamya wari umusirikare Mukuru mu ngabo z' u Rwanda ( FAR) nawe avuga kubyo guheza Abatutsi mu nzego za Leta cyane cyane mu gisirikare muri aya magambo: Mu gisirikari naho hari harimo ikintu cy'irondakarere n'ubwoko. Kugira ngo bakwemerere kuba umusirikari ntabwo byashobokaga ku Batutsi. Nubwo wakora ikizamini cyanditse ukagitsinda, wagombaga kuvamo kubera icyo bitaga test medical aho wagendaga wambaye ubusa nta n'ikariso wambaye, ukinjira kwa muganga witwaga Baransaritse Laurent, uyu akaba yari umu régionaliste akaba n'umu extremiste wo mu rwego rwo hejuru; yari Colonel akaba na Docteur. Winjiraga mu biro bye, nyuma akwitegereza hose, yarangiza ugasohoka. Kubera ko ibizamini byo kwandika byakoreshwaga n'umuzungu w'Umubirigi akaba ariwe ukosora imibare naho igifaransa kigakosorwa na Gasana Anastase, ayo manota wasangaga adahabwa agaciro, maze bakareba cyane cyane test medical, akaba ariyo baheraho bavuga ko watsinzwe kubera uburyo wagaragaye imbere ya Baransaritse Laurent. Urumva ko bitari byorohereye Umututsi kwemezwa na Baransaritse Laurent ko yatsinze 81. 80 Ikiganiro abashakashatsi bagiranye n'umutangabuhamya NGARUKIYINTWARI Jean Népomuscène mu Karere ka Burera, Werurwe 2017 81 Ikiganiro abashakashatsi bagiranye n'umutangabuhamya NIZEYIMANA Wenceslas mu Karere ka Gakenke, Werurwe 2017

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66Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri Abatangabuhamya bavuga ko kugira ngo winjire mu gisirikare wagombaga guhinduza indangamuntu, kuko iyo wabaga ufite indangamuntu yanditseho ubwoko “Tutsi” utabashaga kwakirwa. Wagombaga kuba ufite indangamuntu yanditsemo ubwoko bw'Umuhutu82. Mu mashuri nta mwana w'Umututsi wigaga ngo agere mu mashuri y'isumbuye na Kaminuza. Abatsindaga, amanota yabo yahabwaga abana b'Abahutu. Uwabaga abashije kwiga, iyo yarangizaga ntabwo yabashaga kubona akazi keza nk'abandi banyarwanda. Akazi babonaga, kari ako kwigisha no gukora mu bitaro. Kugira ngo umwana w'Umututsi abone ishuri rya Leta, byasabaga ko ahinduza ubwoko bwe, ariko iyo baramukaga babimenye yarirukanwaga. Umutangabuhamya wari utuye mu yahoze ari Komini Nkuli wahinduje ubwoko bwe kugira ngo abone uko aza ku rutonde rw'abemerewe kwiga amashuri yisumbuye asobanura uko byamugendekeye : Ndibuka, ndi mu mwaka wa munani amashuri abanza nakoze ikizamini cya Leta ndatsindwa nsubiyemo nabwo ndatsindwa. Umusirikari bitaga Ntakaburimvano arambwira ati, wowe ntabwo ushobora gutsinda uri Umututsi, ati shaka ukuntu ugura ubwoko bw'Ubuhutu. Nabibwiye papa aransubiza ati noneho shaka uwo witirirwa w'Umuhutu, mpindura amazina ya papa na mama, amanota asohotse nza natinze. Naje kugira ikibazo ubwo twiteguraga kujya kw'ishuri. Nagiye mu isoko kugura ibikoresho mpurirayo n'abana bo kwa Nyagasaza Mathias, basakaza inkuru ko natsinze ngiye kujya mu mashuri yisumbuye. Kuko nari namaze kumenya 82 Ikiganiro abashakashatsi bagiranye n'umutangabuhamya KAYISIRE Anastase mu Karere ka Nyabihu, Gashyantare 2017

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67Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri ikigo nzigaho, umwaka w'amashuri waratangiye njya kuri icyo kigo, ngezeyo nsanga izina ryanjye barikuye kuri listi. Nkulikiranye neza nsanga baransimbuje umwana wo mu muryango wa Nyagasaza Mathias 83. Ntabwo kandi byari byoroheye Umututsi kuba yabona akazi keza mu mirimo ya Leta. Perezida Habyarimana Juvénal amaze gufata ubutegetsi yakomereje mu murongo wa Kayibanda wo guheza Abatutsi. Abatangabuhamya bavuga ko politiki ye itifuzaga ko hagira Umututsi wazamuka. Niyo mpamvu yababuzaga kwiga, akababuza no kujya mu gisirikare ngo batazavamo abantu bakomeye 84. Kugira ngo Umututsi azamuke yagombaga gushakisha Umuhutu ukomeye muri Leta ya Perezida Habyarimana Juvénal. Umutangabuhamya asobanura uko byari biteye : Aho twari dutuye, byari bikomeye Abatutsi kugira ngo bazamuke mu ntera z'akazi cyangwa bajye kwiga Kaminuza. Iyo yabaga aziranye n'Umuhutu ukomeye niwe wamufashaga kubona umwanya muri Kaminuza cyangwa akazi ahantu runaka 85. Abatangabuhamya bavuga ko n'ubwo ubutegetsi aribwo bwahezaga Abatutsi abaturage bo bari babanye neza. Umwe mu batangabuhamya ukomoka mu yahoze ari Komini Nkumba asobanura ko : 83 Ikiganiro abashakashatsi bagiranye n'umutangabuhamya TUYISHIME Charlotte mu Karere ka Nyabihu, Werurwe 2017 84 Ikiganiro abashakashatsi bagiranye n'umutangabuhamya MUKAMFIZI Astérie mu Karere ka Burera, Gashyantare 201785 Ikiganiro abashakashatsi bagiranye n'umutangabuhamya NDAYAMBAJE Placide, Kigali, Gashyantare 2017

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68Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri Ihezwa n'ivangura ryakorwaga n'abanyapolitiki n'ubutegetsi bwariho ariko abaturage wabonaga babanye neza kuko nkatwe twari tubanye neza n'umuryango wa Kaniziyo, kandi yari Umututsi, nta kibazo twari dufitanye 86. I. 9. Ivangura n'amacakubiri kuva Perezida Habyarimana Juvénal afata ubutegetsi kugeza mu 1990 Perezida Habyarimana Juvénal amaze gufata ubutegetsi mu 1973, yagendeye mu murongo w'ivangura n'amacakubiri bishingiye ku bwoko n'akarere watangijwe na Perezida Kayibanda Grégoire. Ubutegetsi bwa Perezida Habyarimana Juvénal ntabwo bwahaga amahirwe angana Abanyarwanda bose muri rusange, iyo byageraga ku Batutsi ho byari akarusho. Hari ivangura rishingiye ku bwoko, ku karere no ku gitsina. Abana b'abayobozi bahabwaga uburenganzira buruta ubw'abaturage rubanda rugufi. Umwe mu batangabuhamya wari umusirikare mukuru mu ngabo za FAR asobanura ko: Kubona umwanya mu ishuri byabonaga abana b'abayobozi cyangwa abakire. Abana bavuka mu miryango itishoboye ntabwo banganyaga amahirwe n'abavuka mu miryango y'abayobozi. Byavugwaga ko mwene Burugumesitiri atatsindwa ngo abure ishuri, mwene muhinzi atsinde abone ishuri 87. Ivangura rishingiye ku bwoko n'Akarere umuntu akomokamo ryakorwaga cyane mu mashuri, mu gutanga akazi, mu gisirikare no mu zindi nzego zigize ubuzima bw'Igihugu. Mu mashuri, 86 Ikiganiro abashakashatsi bagiranye n'umutangabuhamya NKIRANUYE Jean Damascène mu Karere ka Burera, Werurwe 2017 87 Ikiganiro abashakashatsi bagiranye n'umutangabuhamya NDAYAMBAJE Placide, Kigali, Gashyantare 2017

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69Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri kujya mu ishuri ryisumbuye ntibyasabaga kuba wabonye amanota menshi, ahubwo byavugwaga ko ari abemerewe. Na none mu mashuri ivangura ryagaragariraga cyane mu gihe buzuzaga icyo bitaga fiche signalétique. Kuri iyo fiche buzuzagaho imyirondoro yose, ubwoko bw'umunyeshuri n'aho akomoka kugira ngo ibyo bizifashishwe mu kujonjora abagomba kwimuka mu cyiciro cy'amashuri yisumbuye. Inyigisho z'ivangura n'amacakubiri byigishijwe mu mashuri mu gihe cy' ubutegetsi bwa Perezida Habyarimana Juvénal. Abatangabuhamya bavuga ko amasomo yigishwaga yabaga yuzuyemo amacakubiri ashingiye ku bwoko. Nk'uko byagarutsweho n'umwe mu batangabuhamya utarahigwaga: Mu mashuri ho ivangura ryarimo bikomeye kuko ibyo abarimu bavugaga, uko bahagurutsaga abanyeshuri ngo bavuge ubwoko bwabo, byari amacakuburi gusa. Abarimu babazaga umubare w'Abatutsi n'Abahutu ukibaza icyo bashakira umubare ukakibura. Iyo batwigishaga batubwiraga amateka ko iyo umwami yashakaga kwica yatumizaga umwana wumushishe w'Umuhutu akamushinga icumu akamuhagurukiraho agapfa, ibyo bigatuma Abahutu bagwiza urwango ku Batutsi 88. Abana b'Abatutsi batotezwaga n'abarimu ndetse n' abanyeshuri bagenzi babo iyo mwarimu yabaga arangije kwigisha isomo ry'amateka. Amateka bigishwaga yari ayo kubiba urwango n' amacakubiri hagati y'Abahutu n'Abatutsi. Amateka ubwayo yigishwaga yari yanditse mu buryo bwo kwerekana ububi bw'Umututsi. Umutangabuhamya wakorewe itotezwa asobanura uko byabagendekeraga: 88 Ikiganiro abashakashatsi bagiranye n'umutangabuhamya NDAGIJIMANA Jerôme mu Karere ka Musanze, Werurwe 2017

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70Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri Natangiye amashuri abanza mu 1976. Igihe cyose mbere yuko isomo ritangira, mwarimu yahagurutsaga Abahutu, nyuma Abatutsi. Kubera ko ntari nzi ubwoko bwanjye, nahagurukaga mu Bahutu, mwarimu akankubita ngo ndigira Umuhutu kandi ntariwe. Kandi uko baduhagurutsaga, berekanaga itandukaniro ryacu n'Abahutu, bakerekana ibiganza byacu n'indesho yacu. Ibyo rero byanteraga imfunwe, kuko numvaga ntameze nk'abandi 89. Undi mutangabuhamya nawe asobanura uko byamugendekeye: Iyo twabaga turi kwiga isomo ry'amateka Abatutsi bose bahuraga n'ikibazo kuko baradukubitaga. Mwarimu yatubwiraga ibyo Abatutsi bakoreraga Abahutu ko babahatse bakabaheka, ko ngo Nyirabiyoro yari afite inkota yitwa ruhuga yafataga akayicisha umwana w'Umuhutu kugirango iyo nkota ihage. Bene izo nyigisho zimakaza urwango zatumaga Abatutsi bose bakubitwa. Hari n'igihe batubwiraga ngo tubaheke nk'uko nabo baduhekaga, ibyo babikoraga iyo twabaga dutashye 90. Inyigisho zatangwaga zigaragaza ububi bw'Abatutsi zagiraga ingaruka mbi ku mibanire yabo na bagenzi babo b'Abahutu, ndetse zigatuma abana b'Abatutsi bahorana ipfunwe. Umutangabuhamya wo muri Komini Nkumba, asobanura iryo mfunwe muri aya magambo: Najyaga mu ishuri nikandagira, kubera ko mwarimu yahoraga ancunaguza, igihe cyose akabwira abanyeshuri bagenzi banjye ngo mbese babonye 89 Ikiganiro abashakashatsi bagiranye n'umutangabuhamya TUYISHIME Charlotte mu Karere ka Nyabihu, Gashyantare 2017 90 Ikiganiro abashakashatsi bagiranye n'umutangabuhamya JURU Anastase mu Karere ka Nyabihu, Gashyantare 2017

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71Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri agatutsi, bikambabaza cyane. Twajyaga gukina, abanyeshuri bakanjomba intoki mu maso, najya kubarega kwa mwalimu, akavuga ngo ninjye nabendereje. Nakomeje gutotezwa ariko ndihangana ndangiza amashuri abanza, nkora ikizamini cya Leta, bambwira ko natsinzwe, kandi hari benshi narushaga mu ishuri. Kubera ko ntari nemerewe kwiga nk'abandi, nagiye kwiga muri CERAI 91. Guhagurutsa buri gihe cyose abana b'Abatutsi mu ishuri berekana imiterere yabo, bwari uburyo bwo kubatandukanya na bagenzi babo. Gutoteza abana b'Abatutsi byatumye benshi bava mu ishuri. Umutangabuhamya wari ugeze mu mwaka wa kane w'amashuri abanza avuga ko yaretse ishuri kubera guhora akubitwa n'abanyeshuri bagenzi be bitewe n'ibyo mwarimu yabaga yabigishije mu ishuri. Agira iti: Njye byagezaho mpagarika gusubira ku ishuri kubera ko iyo twabaga dusubiye murugo, bagenzi banjye b'Abahutu bambwiraga kubaheka ngo kubera ko basogokuru babo bahekaga Abatutsi. Mu kiruhuko twagiraga, barankubitaga, bambwira ko ngomba kwishyura ibyo ba data bakoze 92. Mu gisirikare ho byari bigoye cyane kwemerera Umututsi kukinjiramo. Ivangura n'amacakubiri mu gisirikare byafashe intera yo hejuru kugeza ubwo ubuyobozi bukuru bwa gisirikare bubujije abasirikare muri rusange kurongora abakobwa b'Abatutsikazi. Umutangabuhamya wari umusirikare wa FAR asobanura ko : Bigeze muri 1980, nibwo Perezida Habyarimana Juvénal yazengurutse mu basirikare ababwira ko nta Muhutu wemerewe kurongora Umututsikazi. 91 Ikiganiro abashakashatsi bagiranye n'umutangabuhamya MUHIMPUNDU Tabéa mu Karere ka Burera, Werurwe 2017 92 Ikiganiro abashakashatsi bagiranye n'umutangabuhamya GATANAZI Berchmans mu Karere ka Nyabihu, Gashyantare 2017

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72Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri Yanavuze ko uwaramuka ashatse kurongora Umututsikazi ko agomba kwirinda gusezerana nawe imbere y'amategeko, ko agomba kubana nawe, badasezeranye. Abasirikare n'abategetsi bakuru ba FAR bakomeje gushaka Abatutsikazi ariko abenshi babanye nabo bisa nk'aho ari amahabara yabo, kuko batigeze bashaka gusezerana nabo imbere y'amategeko. N'abasezeranye nabo byageze muri Jenoside baba aba mbere mu kubatanga ngo bicwe 93. Undi mutangabuhamya nawe avuga ko yari afite nyina wabo wagombaga gushyingirwa umusirkare wo mu ngabo za FAR, ariko itariki igeze, Colonel Serubuga Laurent abuza wa musirikare ko bashyingiranwa. Ndibuka mu 1990, hari mama wacu wakundanye n'umusirikare wo mu ngabo za FAR, ariko bagiye gushyingirwa, Colonel Laurent Serubuga aramubuza kuko yari Umututsikazi, nyuma yaje kurongorwa n'undi musore 94. Mu gihe cy'ubutegetsi bwa Perezida Habyarimana Juvénal, imibereho y'Abatutsi muri Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri yakomeje kuba mibi, akenshi bagahohoterwa bazira ubusa. Umwe mu batangabuhamya twaganiriye, abisobanura muri aya magambo: Guhohoterwa byagezeho biba ikintu gihoraho mu buzima bw'Abatutsi. Nyuma y'uko Colonel Kanyarengwe Alexis ahunze bavuga ko yagiye mu Nkotanyi, Abatutsi benshi bakomokaga mu gace kamwe nawe birukanywe mu mirimo; aha twavuga nka Rutimbuguza wabaga muri Camp Kanombe 93 Ikiganiro abashakashatsi bagiranye n'umutangabuhamya BUSENI MUNYEJABO Enock mu Karere ka Musanze, Gashyantare 2017 94 Ikiganiro abashakashatsi bagiranye n'umutangabuhamya NDAHIRO Vincent mu Karere ka Gakenke, Werurwe 2017

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73Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri ariko agahita yirukanwa hamwe n'umugore we wari umuganga95. Ku bijyanye n'itotezwa ry'Abatutsi n'ibikorwa by'urugomo byabakorerwaga, Christophe Mfizi (2016:13-14) mu nyandiko ye yise “ Le Rézeau Zéro (b), Fossoyeur de la Démocratie et de la République au Rwanda (1975-1994”, avuga ko bikozwe na Protais Zigiranyirazo mu 1978, Guverinoma yateguye ibarura ry'Abaturage, ariko abantu benshi batabashije kumenya impamvu y'iryo barura. Amwe mu makuru yagendaga avugwa hirya no hino mu duce twa Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri, yavugaga ko Colonel Alex Kanyarengwe, Ministiri w'Ubutegetsi bw'Igihugu n'Amajyambere ya Komini (Ministre de l'Interieur), yifuzaga kumenya umubare nyawo w'Abatutsi batuye muri Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri, ngo abarimbure. Ayo makuru ntiyari impamo, yari yahimbwe n'abakoranaga bya hafi na Protais Zigiranyirazo, nka Burugumesitiri wa Kinigi, Gasana Tadeyo, agamije gutera ubwoba Abatutsi ngo bahungire muri Zayire bityo Protais Zigiranyirazo abone uko yigarurira imirima yabo. Babwiraga Abatutsi ko babagurira imirima yabo, nabo bakemera kuyibagurisha ku mafaranga make, aho kugira ngo bayisige bagende imbokoboko. Mfizi Christophe avuga ko ayo mayeri yatumye Abatutsi b'Abagogwe bagurisha imirima yabo ku mafaranga make, ndetse bamwe muribo bahungira muri Zayire, bityo intego ya Protais Zigiranyirazo igerwaho. Christophe Mfizi akomeza avuga ko icyo kibazo cy'akarengane kakorewe Abagogwe yakigejeje ku nzego zitandukanye ndetse akimenyesha Perezida wa Repubulika, Juvénal Habyarimana, ariko Colonel Sagatwa ntiyakunda ko ubutumwa bumugeraho. Imirima y'Abagogwe yaguzwe muri ubwo buriganya yagizwe plantation y'ibirayi ihuriweho na Protais Zigiranyirazo, Elie Sagatwa na Séraphin Rwabukumba 96. 95 Ikiganiro abashakashatsi bagiranye n'umutangabuhamya GAFEBU Pierre Claver mu Karere ka Musanze, Werurwe 2017 96 Mfizi Christophe (2006), “ Le Rézeau Zéro (b), Fossoyeur de la Démocratie et de la République au Rwanda (1975-1994). Rapport de consultation rédigé à la demande du Bureau du Procureur du Tribunal Pénal International pour le Rwanda.

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74Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri Gutoteza Abatutsi byajyanaga no kubita amazina atesha agaciro, nko kubita abashyondori, abatunnyetsi n'andi mazina mabi. Abatangabuhamya twaganiriye nabo bavuga ko ayo mazina mabi bayitwaga na bagenzi babo baturanye cyane cyane iyo bashakaga kubiyenzaho cyangwa bagamije kubateza umutekano muke. Iyo Umututsi yatambukaga, abaturage baryanaga inzara ntibatinye no kumwerurira ko azicwa. Byakomeraga cyane iyo Umututsi yabaga avuye kubanjura, abaturage bamwiyenzagaho bamubeshyera ko agendana amasasu mu cyansi, bakamutegeka kuyabogora. Mu mashuri, abarezi batotezaga abana b'Abatutsi bababwira ko banuka, ngo kubera amavuta y'Inka bisize, nyamara ntayo bisize. Ibikorwa bijyanye no gutoteza Abatutsi no kubatesha agaciro byari bigamije gutinyura abaturage b'Abahutu no kubereka ko Umututsi ari mubi bityo kumwica ko nta cyaha baba bakoze. Guhera mu Kwakira 1990, gutotezwa no guteshwa agaciro byakozwe ku mugaragaro, aho noneho batangiye kubita inzoka, inyenzi n'andi mazina mabi. Iyo Abatutsi bavaga kubanjura, abayobozi b'inzego z'ibanze n'iz'umutekano bafataga amata bakayashyiramo igiti ngo bumve ko nta masasu bagemuriye Inkotanyi. Abatangabuhamya batandukanye bavuga ko Burugumesitiri wa Komini Mukingo, Kajelijeli Juvénal yari yarabwiye abaturage ko nibaramuka bahuye n'Abatusi bafite amata, bagomba kujya babasaka bakareba niba nta masasu ari mu cyansi. Abatangabuhamya bavuga ko ibyo byatumaga babogora amata yabo kuko babaga bayashyizemo umwanda. Mu rwego rwo gukomeza gushakisha impamvu bashingiraho batoteza Abatutsi, iyo babasanganaga radiyo bumva amakuru, barabafataga bakabacunaguza bababeshyera ko basanze bavugana n'Inkotanyi. Nta Mututsi wabashaga kujya mu isoko ngo abashe kugurisha itungo rye nk'inka cyangwa ihene, kuko abayobozi b'inzego z'ibanze nka Konseye cyangwa membres ba

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75Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri Serire bafataga amatungo yabo cyangwa imyaka bari bajyanye mu isoko bakabitwara, bakababeshyera ko bashaka amafaranga yo kohererereza Inkotanyi. Akarengane, ivangura n'amacakubiri ni bimwe mu byatumye RPF-INKOTANYI itangiza urugamba rwo kubohora Igihugu ku itariki ya 1 Ukwakira 1990.

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76Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri IGICE CYA KABIRI : IBIKORWA BY'URUGOMO N'UBWICANYI BYAKOREWE ABATUTSI HAGATI YA 1990 NA 1993 Nyuma y'itangira ry'urugamba rwo kubohora Igihugu kuwa 01 Ukwakira 1990, Abatutsi bari batuye mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri baribasiwe, baratotezwa, abenshi baricwa. Hishwe cyane cyane abo mu makomini ya Nkuli, Mukingo na Kinigi. Mu yandi makomini asigaye bishwe mu buryo buteruye nko muri Komini Kigombe, Nyamutera, Gatonde, Ndusu, Nkumba n'izindi. Kwica Abatutsi no kubahohotera byari byarateguwe neza mbere y'uko RPF-INKOTANYI itangiza urugamba rwo kubohora Igihugu. Umwe mu batangabuhamya twaganiriye wari umusirikare mukuru mu ngabo za FAR avuga ko mu mpera z'umwaka wa 1989 Colonel Nsekarije Aloys yakoresheje inama abaturage ba Segiteri ya Kintobo, mu yahoze ari Komini Nkuli, ababwira ko hari amakuru bafite ko Abatutsi bahunze bari kwitegura gutera Igihugu, ariko ko nibibeshya bagatera, bene wabo bari imbere mu gihugu bazicwa : Ubwo yari mu gace k' iwacu (Komini Nkuli), Colonel Nsekarije Aloys yatubwiye ko hari Abatutsi bari kwitoza muri Uganda bashaka gutera Igihugu, yongeraho ati: Ese baribwira ko nibatera, bene wabo bizababera amahoro? Ati biriya bitutsi byose ndetse n'uriya witwa Kanyarwanda ntimukamureke. Nibibeshya bagatera, benewabo bari mu gihugu bazicwa. Yabivugaga aseka, ariko ubutumwa yashakaga gutambutsa bwageze ku baturage 97. Igitero cya RPF-Inkotanyi kikaba cyarabaye urwitwazo n'imbarutso yo gutangira gutoteza no kwica Abatutsi mu duce dutandukanye twa Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri. 97 Ikiganiro abashakashatsi bagiranye n'umutangabuhamya Major NDAYAMBAJE Placide, Kigali, Gashyantare 2017

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77Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri 2. 1. Ibikorwa by'urugomo n'ubwicanyi byakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri 2. 1. 1. Gufunga no kwica Abatutsi babita ibyitso by'Inkotanyi Ibikorwa bijyanye no gufunga no kwica Abatutsi babita ibyitso by'Inkotanyi byashyizwemo imbaraga nyuma y'igitero cy'Inkotanyi cyo kuwa 1 Ukwakira 1990. Byatangiye byibasira cyane cyane Abatutsi bize n'abifashije bababeshyera ko ari ibyitso by'inyenzi-Inkotanyi, ko bavugana nabo ndetse ko babashyira amakuru. Kubera ibyo binyoma babageretseho, Abatutsi benshi barafashwe barafungwa, bamwe muri bo baburirwa irengero abandi bicwa ku mugaragaro. Nyamara usibye kumva ngo Inkotanyi zateye, benshi mu Batutsi ntibari bazi abateye abaribo. Kwitwa ibyitso by'inyenzi nk'amayeri yakoreshwaga n'ubutegetsi bwariho yatangiye kuva kera hagamijwe kwibasira no gushaka intandaro yo kwica Abatutsi. Abatutsi bari batuye mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri abenshi muri bo cyangwa bose nta na hamwe bahuriraga n'ibikorwa bya Politiki ku buryo bagombaga kwibasirwa n'Ubutegetsi bwariho. Nk'uko twabivuze haruguru, Abatutsi bibasiwe cyane ni abize, abagaragaraga ko bakomeye kurusha abandi nibo bafashwe mu ikubitiro. Umutangabuhamya wafashwe icyo gihe akanafungwa asobanura ko: Mu gihe Inkotanyi zari zimaze gutera, barazaga bahereye cyane cyane mu bantu bize, bakabafata bakabajyana ngo bazi amakuru y'Inkotanyi, bakabajyana ntibagaruke, nyuma bajya mu ba Pasitoro, bigera igihe bajya no mu batarize 98. 98 Ikiganiro abashakashatsi bagiranye n'umutangabuhamya SENYANA Gaëtan mu Karere ka Nyabihu, Werurwe 2017

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78Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri 2. 1. 1. 1. Mu yahoze ari Komini Nkuli Mu yahoze ari Komini Nkuli, hafunzwe mu byitso Abatutsi benshi babeshyerwa gukorana n'Inkotanyi. Abo twabashije kumenya amazina harimo Pasteur w'Itorero ry'Abadivantisiti b'umunsi wa Karindwi witwa Gashyashyari, umukuru w'Itorero ry'Abadivantiste rya Mukamira Munyantarama Théoneste, Havugimana n'umwarimu wigishaga mu mashuri yisumbuye mu Rwankeri. Mu bandi bafunzwe harimo kandi Kayumba, Sindambiwe, Sekamasa, Gatanazi Berchmans, Kayumbu, Kabirika, Tugiremungu, Gatanazi, Havugimana, Nyirakajeje, Rukanika, n'abandi. Rukanika yatwawe inshuro eshatu, ubwa mbere baramutwaye baramukubita ariko ntiyapfa, imvura iguye arahembuka arataha. Abayobozi bamaze kubimenya baragarutse baramutwara bamutemera mu kiyaga cya Nyirakigugu. Abamujyanye baribayobowe na Konseye wa Segiteri ya Jenda, Nyirakamanzi Phoibe alias Nyirakamodoka ari kumwe na Maniraho Claude 99 Mu bafashwe mu byitso muri Segiteri Mukamira twavuga Kabirika Thomas wavutse mu 1934 mwene Bitsike na Nyiramashaza wari utuye muri Nkuli, yafashwe mu 1991 afungirwa Nkuli, Rugeshi; Gaterura Venuste alias Panda wavutse mu 1959, mwene Kabirika na Mukandekezi wari utuye muri Nkuli, yafashwe mu 1991 afungirwa Nkuli, Rugeshi; Gasiringi mwene Ndindamahina wari utuye muri Nkuli, yafashwe mu 1994 afungirwa Nkuli, Rugeshi; Karahamuheto mwene Birenzwa na Nyirarwimo wari utuye muri Nkuli, yafashwe mu 1991 afungirwa Nkuli, Rugeshi; Karera mwene Birenzwa na Nyirarwimo wari utuye muri Nkuli, yafashwe mu 1991 afungirwa Nkuli, Rugeshi; Jigija Félicien mwene Sebasambizi 99 Ikiganiro abashakashatsi bagiranye n'abatangabuhamya KAYISIRE Anastase mu Karere ka Nyabihu, na MPETA Ennias mu Karere ka Musanze, Gashyantare 2017.

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79Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri na Mayobere wari utuye muri Nkuli, yafashwe mu 1992 afungirwa Nkuli, Rugeshi; Mugemangango mwene Jigija; Gatemba; Gasherebuka; Gasukari mwene Rudasubira na Nyirampongo wari utuye muri Nkuli, yafashwe mu 1993 afungirwa Mutovu; Kayumba Zakariya mwene Nkubito na Nyiranjome wari utuye muri Nkuli, yafashwe mu 1992 afungirwa mu kigo cya gisirikare; Mushatsi mwene Binono wafashwe mu 1992; n'abandi. Abafashwe mu byitso muri Segiteri Jenda harimo Musare mwene Ndangiza na Nyirabuhwa, wavutse mu 1946. Yafashwe ku itariki ya 26 Mutarama 1991; Kabuguzo mwene Katabogama na Nyirakarera, wavutse mu 1962, yafashwe ku itariki ya 26 Mutarama 1991 100. Mu buhamya bwatanzwe n'uwari Resiponsabule wa Serire Kagano, Segiteri Jenda, Komini Nkuli, avuga ko nyuma y'itariki ya 1 Ukwakira 1990 abayobozi b'inzego z'ibanze nka ba Konseye bibasiraga Abatutsi babashinja ibinyoma ko bakorana n'Inkotanyi kugira ngo babone impamvu yo kubafunga. Atanga urugero rwa Konseye wa Segiteri Kareba, Bwiko, wari uvuye kuri Komini Nkuli, ubwo yanyuraga muri Serire Kagano yahasanze abaturage b'Abatutsi barimo Kondera, Nyirambyeyi na Diregiteri w'amashuri abanza, Ndayambaje, barimo banywa inzoga mu kabare, arangije arabafata abashyira ku ngoyi nta cyaha bakoze. Umutangabuhamya akomeza avuga ko yabajije Konseye impamvu yabashyize ku ngoyi amusubiza ko ari ibyitso by'Inkotanyi. Yabarekuye nyuma y'aho batanze amafaranga yo kwigura. Uyu mutangabuhamya avuga kandi ko Lieutenant Hasengineza ari kumwe n'undi musirikare atibuka amazina, na Ndinkabandi Gaspard bitaga Likonje wari utuye mu Runyanja, bafashe abitwa Bundugu, Gitoke, Kanini na Tangari bajya kubafunga. Byabaye ngombwa ko abavandimwe babo batanga inka kugira ngo babarekure n'ubwo nyuma bongeye kubafata bakicwa. 100 Inyandiko z'Inkiko Gacaca, Intara ya Ruhengeri, Akarere ka Buhoma, Umurenge wa Jenda.

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80Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri Umutangabuhamya wazuzwe haruguru avuga ko we ubwe ariwe washyikirije Konseye wa Segiteri Jenda, Nyirakamanzi Phoibe, inka ebyiri zatanzwe na Munyakaberano na Gasabune kugira ngo Gitoke na Kanini babashe kurekurwa. Gitoke na Kanini bishwe muri Mata 1994 naho Bundugu yishwe muri Mutarama 1991 101. Abafatwaga babajyanaga kuri Komini Nkuli akaba ariho bafungirwa abandi bakajya kubafungira muri gereza ya Ruhengeri. Umwe mu batangabuhamya bafungiwe muri gereza ya Ruhengeri asobanura uko byagenze: Intambara itangira tariki ya 1 Ukwakira 1990, Abatutsi bahuye n'akaga gakomeye. Aho nigishaga mu Rwankeri, twabuze aho duhungira. Byageze ku itariki ya 4 Ukwakira 1990 bambuza no gusohoka mu nzu nari ntuyemo. Ku itariki ya 10 Ukwakira 1990, haje imodoka irimo abapolisi babiri banshyira muri iyo modoka ndi kumwe n'uwitwa Emmanuel, batujyana kuri Komini Nkuli. Bukeye mu gitondo, umupolisi wa Komini yaraje atubwira ko Perefe Nzabagerageza Charles adutumyeho. Baradufashe badushyira na none mu modoka baratujyana. Aho kugira ngo dukomeze umuhanda ujya Ruhengeri, batunyujije ku mugabo w'Umututsi witwa Masabo wari umuganga akaba ariwe wavuraga Burugumesitiri wa Komini Mpiranya Mathias. Ubwo badupakiye hamwe muri iyo modoka batujyana kuri brigade ya Ruhengeri. Twarahageze dusanga ibintu bimeze nabi cyane. Twahasanze Abatutsi benshi, barimo babakubita, babarisha amabuye, hariho n'intumbi z'abamaze kwicwa. IPJ wa brigade ya Ruhengeri yahise aza aho ndi arambwira ngo nitegure ngiye kwicwa, ndamubwira nti ntakibazo. Yanditse mu 101 Inyandiko z'Inkiko Gacaca, Intara ya Ruhengeri, Akarere ka Buhoma, Umurenge wa Jenda, Akagari ka Runyanja.

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81Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri gitabo ko bansanganye amabanga y'Inkotanyi, ko nkorana nazo. Twavuye kuri brigade bajya kudufungira muri gereza ya Ruhengeri. Batugejeje muri gereza, twasanze umuyobozi wa gereza ya Ruhengeri, Sukiranya, yashatse umuntu wo kutwica. Masabo niwe watubanjirije, ageze aho bagombaga kumwicira ahasanga abantu yavuraga mu Rwankeri, umwe muri bo agaruka yihuta abwira Sukiranya ko Abatutsi yabahaye bo kwica ko basanze atari Inkotanyi ahubwo ko harimo na Masabo w'umuganga kandi ko nta kibi bamuziho. Sukiranya isoni zaramwishe, arangije aravuga ngo ubwo mutabishe nimubajyane aho bafungirwa. Batuvanye aho bagombaga kutwicira batujyana mu kindi cyumba cya gereza cyitwaga special hafi y'aho Rizinde na bagenzi be bari bafungiye. Ako kumba kari gato cyane kandi twari dufungiwemo turenga abantu magana abiri. Muri ako kumba, amatara yahoraga yaka. Twabayeho mu buzima bubi, kugeza mu gitondo cyo ku itariki ya 23 Mutarama 1991, ubwo gereza ya Ruhengeri yabohozwaga n'ingabo za RPF-Inkotanyi, turokoka dutyo. Njye nahise njyana n'Inkotanyi, Masabo yafashe inzira asubira mu Rwankeri, ageze Busogo muri Komini Mukingo, ahasanga Burugumesitiri wa Komini Mukingo, Kajelijeli Juvénal, yongera kumufunga. Nyuma yo kumufungura, Burugumesitiri yahise amwicisha. Naho Emmanuel yiciwe mu nzira ataragera muri Komini Nkuli 102. Abandi Batutsi bajyanwaga mu Kigo cya gisirikare cya Mukamira, byagera n'ijoro imodoka ikabapakira bakajya kwicirwa ku buvumo 102 Ikiganiro abashakashatsi bagiranye n'umutangabuhamya NDUWAYEZU Elie mu Karere ka Musanze, Werurwe 2017

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82Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri bwa Nyaruhonga. Bamwe mu bajyanywe kwicirwa Nyaruhonga harimo Sekajari, Jigija, Kaboga n'abandi benshi103. Mu bafashwe bababeshyera kuba ibyitso by'Inkotanyi, bamwe muri bo bagiye kwicirwa ahantu hatazwi. Abishwe muri ubwo buryo harimo: Pasteur Gashashayi, Bundugu Faustin, Havugimana Jean de Dieu, Kanyeshuri, Tangari, Kabirika Thomas, n'abandi. Batwawe n'abasirikare bo mu kigo cya Mukamira, kuva ubwo nta makuru yabo yongeye kumenyekana, ntabwo higeze hamenyekana uko bishwe 104. Umutangabuhamya wari Resiponsabule wa Serire Kagano, Segiteri Jenda avuga ko iyo abasirikare ba FAR bazaga gufata Abatutsi, uwo bafataga baramutwaraga ntiyongere kuboneka nk'uko yabishimangiye muri aya magambo: “Mu 1993, ku itariki ya 13 Gashyantare 1993 nahungishije Senyana n'inka ze ubwo bari bagabweho ibitero. Iyo abasirikare bazaga gufata Umututsi, baramujyanaga ntazongere kugaruka ukundi” 105 Iyo abavandimwe b'Abatutsi bajyaga kubaza kuri Komini aho babatwaye, abayobozi b'inzego zishinzwe umutekano babasubizaga ko bagiye kwiga Makelele. Makelele akaba ari imvugo yakoreshwaga isobanura ko biciwe ku buvumo bwa Nyaruhonga 106. Abatangabuhamya batandukanye bavuga ko Konseye wa Segiteri Mukamira, Kabutura Anastase, ariwe wazaga kubafata afatanije n'abasirikare bakabajyana mu kigo cya gisirikare cya Mukamira. 103 Ikiganiro abashakashatsi bagiranye n'umutangabuhamya JURU Anastase mu Karere ka Nyabihu, Gashyantare 2017 104 Ikiganiro abashakashatsi bagiranye n'umutangabuhamya KAYISIRE Anastase mu Karere ka Nyabihu, na MUKAMUGEMA Annonciata mu Karere ka Musanze, Gashyantare 2017105 Inyandiko z'Inkiko Gacaca, Intara ya Ruhengeri, Akarere ka Buhoma, Umurenge wa Jenda, Akagari ka Runyanja. 106 Ikiganiro abashakashatsi bagiranye n'umutangabuhamya JURU Anastase mu Karere ka Nyabihu, Gashyantare 2017

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83Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri Iyo bamaraga kubageza muri icyo kigo, barabakubitaga, bakanakorerwa iyicarubozo (torture) babasaba kuzana imbunda bafite, kandi ntazo bigeze ndetse nta n'amakuru bafite ajyanye n'igitero cy'Inkotanyi. Abatangabuhamya bafungiwe mu kigo cya gisirikare cya Mukamira bavuga ko bakubitwaga mu buryo buteye ubwoba kugeza ubwo umwe muro bo witwa Kayumba yishwe n'inkoni107. Abayobozi barimo ba Konseye ba Segiteri n'abashinzwe umutekano bavugaga ko Abatutsi bafite imbunda bahawe n'Inkotanyi ngo kandi ko bafite gahunda yo kwica Abahutu. Ibyo babashinjaga byabaga ari ibinyoma, nk'uko bivugwa n'umutangabuhamya utarahigwaga wavaga inda imwe na Konseye wa Segiteri ya Kareba, Komini Nkuli: Nabajije Konseye wa Segiteri ya Kareba, yari mwene wacu, mubaza impamvu yafungishije Umututsi witwa Sentama amubeshyera ko afite imbunda yahawe n'Inkotanyi, arambwira ngo mbese ibyo birandeba? Guhera icyo gihe yatangiye kubona ko tudahuje ibitekerezo akajya yirinda kumvugisha 108. Mu bayobozi b'inzego z'ibanze n'inzego z'umutekano bagize uruhare mu ifungwa n'iyicwa ry'Abatutsi bo muri Komini Nkuli, harimo: Konseye wa Segiteri Mukamira, Kabutura Anasthase; Konseye wa Segiteri Jenda, Nyirakamanzi Phoibe; Konseye wa Segiteri Kareba, Bagirubwiko; Umupolisi wa Komini Nkuli witwa Sebagabo; Lieutenant Hasengineza Boniface; Major Bizabarimana, Burugumetsri wa Komini Nkuli, Mpiranya Mathias, etc. 109 107 Ikiganiro abashakashatsi bagiranye n'umutangabuhamya GATANAZI Berchmans mu Karere ka Nyabihu, Gashyantare 2017 108 Ikiganiro abashakashatsi bagiranye n'umutangabuhamya NDAGIJIMANA Jean Baptiste mu Karere ka Nyabihu, Werurwe 2017109 Ikiganiro abashakashatsi bagiranye n'umutangabuhamya NDAGIJIMANA Jean Baptiste mu Karere ka Nyabihu, Werurwe 2017

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84Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri Umusirikare witwa Lieutenant Hasengineza yagaragaraga cyane mu bikorwa byo gufata no gutoteza Abatutsi bo muri Komini Nkuli. Yafataga Abatutsi bamwe akajya kubafungira kuri Komini, byagera mu ijoro akabapakira imodoka bakajya kubicira ku buvumo bwa Nyaruhonga 110. 2. 1. 1. 2. Mu yahoze ari Komini Mukingo Mu yahoze ari Komini Mukingo, umutangabuhamya wari umusirikare mu ngabo za FAR avuga ko Abatutsi bafatwaga nk'ibyitso ari abize amashuri cyangwa abandi bakomeye bafite ubushobozi. Bafatwaga n'inzego z'umutekano hakurikijwe lisiti yabaga yakozwe na ba Konseye bayobora za Segiteri. Mu bafashwe muri Komini Mukingo harimo Rudatinya, Segahwege, Sebinega, Kaderevu, Kateyiteyi, Biniga, Nshutinzima, Gihoza, Bernard Karyango, Baheza, Gapande, Sebukayire, Ngango, Kabango, Kabanda, Gasahane, Bukumba, Nsangira, Muhamiriza, Mukankundiye, Boduwe, Uwurukundo, Hakizimana Toto, Nkundakozera, Forora n'abandi. Hari Kandi Mukamusoni Agnès, Mugabekazi Dorothée na Bizimana Emmanuel, Gatera Gérard, Mukankusi Petronile, Nsengiyumva Antoine na Mukandekezi Ida bari batuye mu yahoze ari Segiteri Kimonyi. Abenshi muri bo habise bicwa muri Mutarama 1991, bicirwa kuri Komini Mukingo nyuma bajya kubajugunya mu buvumo bwa Nyaruhonga 111, 112. Umutangabuhamya wari brigadier wa Komini Mukingo asobanura uko byagenze: 110 Ikiganiro abashakashatsi bagiranye n'umutangabuhamya JURU Anastase mu Karere ka Nyabihu, Gashyantare 2017 111 Ikiganiro abashakashatsi bagiranye n'umutangabuhamya BAZIMENYERA Ezechiel mu Karere ka Musanze, Mutarama 2017112 Ayo makuru aboneka na none mu Nyandiko z'Inkiko Gacaca, Intara ya Ruhengeri, Akarere ka Mutobo, Umurenge wa Busogo, Akagari ka Kagezi.

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85Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri Mu 1990 nari brigadier wa Komini Mukingo. Ibyitso nitwe twabafataga, twabaga tubahawe na ba Konseye ba za Segiteri. Abishwe mu byitso babaga ari Abatutsi bize cyangwa abandi bakomeye bafite ubushobozi. Abo nibuka ni Rudatinya, Segahwege, Sebinega, Kaderevu, Kateyiteyi, Biniga, Nshutizima, Gihoza, Bernard, Bukumba, Karyango, Baheza, Gapande, Sebukayire, Ngango, Kabango, Kabanda n'abandi ntibuka. Bose twabiciye kuri Komini Mukingo tujya kubajugunya mu buvumo bwa Nyaruhonga 113. Burugumesitiri wa Komini Mukingo, Kajelijeli Juvénal yagize uruhare rukomeye mu ifungwa, itotezwa n'iyicwa ry'Abatutsi bari batuye muri Komini Mukingo. Minisitiri Nzirorera Joseph wakomokaga muri iyi Komini, nawe yagize uruhare rukomeye mu kwicisha Abatutsi bari bahatuye. Mu ibaruwa n o 1028/04. 09. 01/4 yo kuwa 11/10/1990, Burugumesitiri wa Komini Mukingo, Juvénal Kajelijeli, yandikiye Perefe wa Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri amugezaho listi yatanzwe na Konseye wa Segiteri ya Muhingo iriho amazina y'abo yise inyangarwanda z'ibyitso by'Inkotanyi, avuga ko abenshi muribo bamaze gufatwa bakaba baramaze gushyikirizwa inzego zibishinzwe. Abo ni abakurikira: 1. Nahumuremyi Gratien wakomokaga muri Segiteri ya Gataraga; 2. Gasahane J. D wakomokaga muri Segiteri ya Rwinzovu; 3. Karekezi Aloys wakomokaga muri Segiteri ya Busogo; 4. Bajyagahe Bernard wakomokaga muri Segiteri ya Shingiro; 5. Baheza Antoine wakomokaga muri Segiteri ya Shingiro; 113 Ikiganiro abashakashatsi bagiranye n'umutangabuhamya BAZIMENYERA Ezechiel mu Karere ka Musanze, Mutarama 2017

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86Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri 6. Gafebu Pierre Claver wakomokaga muri Segiteri ya Kinigi; 7. Mutanguha Chrysologue wakomokaga muri Segiteri ya Gataraga. Abo muri Komini ya Kinigi bafashwe bagashyikirizwa inzego bireba nk'uko bigaragara muri iyo baruwa yanditswe na Burugumesitiri Kajelijeli ni Sekarara, Gaferege, Daniyeri, Karehe na Sebuyange, bose bo muri Segiteri Nyarugina 114. 2. 1. 1. 3. Mu yahoze ari Komini Kinigi Mu yahoze ari Komini Kinigi naho Abatutsi benshi barafashwe barafungwa bababeshyera kuba ibyitso by'Inkotanyi. Mu bafunzwe babashije kumenyekana harimo: Karehe Antoine wavutse mu 19938, mwene Rushemwa na Nyirankuliza wafatiwe Bushokora; Bizimana Jeand de Dieu wavutse mu 1973, mwene Karemera na Nyiramirimo, wafatiwe Kigome; Sembonyi Elasto wavutse mu 1975, mwene Migabo na Nyirandeze wafatiwe Bushokoro; Rutikanga Sarom wavutse mu 1970, mwene Sekinemwa na Nyiraruhato, wafatiwe Bushokoro; Kabusoro wavutse mu 1945, mwene Nyaruhungura na Musana wafatiwe Bushokoro; Bugirigiri wavutse mu 1950, mwene Sebutagwira na Nyirahungo wafatiwe Bushokoro; Nsenga wavutse mu 1972, mwene Ntambara na Kabusoro wafatiwe Bushokoro; Bagayindiro Samuel; Nyiraruhato Assinath wavutse mu 1949, mwene Nyirimanzi na Nyiramajyambere wafatiwe Rugeshi mu 1991 afungirwa muri gereza ya Komini Kinigi; Hakizimana wavutse mu 1957, mwene Gatebo na Nyiramugwera wafatiwe Rugeshi mu 1991 afungirwa muri gereza ya Komini Kinigi; Gatebo mwene Nkikabahizi na Nyirabusoro wafatiwe Rugeshi mu 1991 afungirwa muri kasho ya Komini Kinigi; Kanyamasizi 114 Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri, Komini Mukingo, Ibaruwa no 1028/04. 09. 01/4 yo kuwa 11/10/1990 yanditswe na Burugumesitiri Kajelijeli Juvénal, yandikira Perefe wa Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri.

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87Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri wavutse mu 1963 mwene Gatebo na Nyiramugwera wafatiwe Rugeshi mu 1991 afungirwa muri kasho ya Komini Kinigi; Kaberaho wavutse mu 1959 mwene Gatebo na Nyiramugwera wafatiwe Rugeshi mu 1991 afungirwa muri kasho ya Komini Kinigi; Mboneza wavutse mu 1961 mwene Gatebo na Nyiramugwera wafatiwe Rugeshi mu 1991 afungirwa muri kasho ya Komini Kinigi; Gafebu Claver, Sabine, Salimu, Gafifi, Munyanziza Alexis, Biniga, Mugarura, Sehegeri,Bititerura, Murasandonyi, Zirarushya, Nsababera n'abandi amazina yabo atabashije kumenyekana, bamwe muri bo bafungiwe muri kasho ya Komini Kinigi, abandi benshi bafungirwa muri gereza ya Ruhengeri. Gutotezwa no kwicwa kw'Abatutsi bari batuye muri Komini Kinigi byaje gukomera cyane nyuma yaho abasirikare ba RPF-Inkotanyi bagabye igitero mu mujyi wa Ruhengeri bagafungura imfungwa n'abagororwa bari bafungiye muri gereza ya Ruhengeri, kuya 23 Mutarama 1991. Abatangabuhamya bavuga ko iminsi yakurikiyeho, cyane cyane hagati y'itariki 26-29 Mutarama 1991, Burugumesitiri wa Komini Kinigi, Gasana Tadeyo, afatanije na ba Konseye ba za Segiteri zitandukanye biraye mu Batutsi barabica, abarokotse bahungira muri Zayire ahitwa i Rucuro. Bamaze kugerayo, Colonel Simba Aloys yabasanzeyo ashaka kubagarura ku gahato, ntibyashoboka. Nyuma yize amayeri yo kuzana uburozi ashaka kubushyira mu biryo abasirikare ba Kongo bahaga impunzi, kubwo amahirwe umwe mu basirikare ba Kongo ababuza kubirya, ntihagira upfa. Abatutsi barokotse ubwicanyi bwo ku ya 27 Mutarama 1991, bavuga ko bahunze ari benshi, bamwe banyura mu birunga ariko ntibyabakundira kuko bahise bagarurwa n'abasirikare ba FAR, baza kubica. Abarokotse nibo babashije kugera i Rucuro muri Zayire 115. 115 Ikiganiro abashakashatsi bagiranye n'umutangabuhamya MPETA Ennias mu Karere ka Musanze, Werurwe 2017

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88Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri Mu mpera za Mutarama 1991, Abatutsi benshi barishwe, abatarahunze bishwe mu mwaka wa 1992. Benshi bishwe urw'agashinyaguro. Ubwo bicaga Abatutsi bo muri Komini Kingi bamwe babashyize mu misarani ari bazima harimo uwitwa Kayuki, bataye mu musarane ari muzima arara aboroga aza guhuhurwa n'umupolisi wa Komini. Abandi bishwe urwagashyinyaguro ni uwitwa Libona n'umuhungu we witwaga Sebarashona. Bakimara gufata Libona, bafashe ibuye rinini barimushyira mu kanwa, bakagenda barisunika kugeza ubwo mu misaya havamo amaraso, aza gupfa. Mu yahoze ari Komini Kinigi, abagabo nibo batangiye bibasirwa cyane ubwo hicwaga Abatutsi mu 1991 na 1992. Abagore batangiye kwicwa nyuma y'aho abicanyi batakibona uwitwa igitsina gabo. Kugeza muri Mata 1994, Abatutsi benshi mu yahoze ari Komini Kinigi bari baramaze kwicwa. Abatarishwe ni ababashije guhungira muri Zayire na Uganda. 2. 1. 1. 4. Mu yahoze ari Komini Kigombe Mu yahoze ari Komini Kigombe, Abatutsi batangiye gufungwa guhera ku itariki ya 1 Ukwakira 1990. Hafashwe Abatutsi bajijutse n'undi wese wagaragaraga ko yishoboye. Mu bafashwe bagafungwa harimo Bizimana Antoine, Ndori Jean Damascène, Ntazinda, Umwarimu bitaga Nsengiyumva Tito, Kanamugire n'umuryango we (umugore we witwaga Marie, abana babo, Damascène na Peke), Munyandamutsa Musa, Ndaruhutse Djumaine, Mukarugwiza Marie Gorette, Rufinire, Nubaha Jean Bosco, Nsengiyumva Abdu alias Gitenge, Nkota Léopold, Shabani Afrika, Nyandwi Bikiramariya n'abandi. Muri Segiteri Muhoza hafashwe kandi Nyirasikubwabo Tasiyana wavutse 1965, mwene Sebatunzi Paul na Nyiramyavu Léoncie, yafashwe mu 1990, afungirwa kuri brigade, yishwe muri 1991; Muhongayire Kayitesi Epiphanie wavutse 1956, mwene Ndanguza

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89Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri Léopold na Nyiramanegurwa Costasie, yafashwe mu 1990, afungirwa gereza ya Ruhengeri; Mukera Alexis, yafashwe muri 1990 afungirwa gereza ya Ruhengeri; Gitoki wavutse mu 1965, mwene Rwamironko na Mukanzigiye, yafashwe mu 1990 afungirwa gereza ya Ruhengeri, yishwe 1990; Munyandekwe wavutse 1960, yafashwe muri 1990, afungirwa gereza ya Ruhengeri, yishwe 1990; Nsengiyumva Tito, yafashwe mu 1990, afungirwa gereza ya Ruhengeri, yishwe 1991; Nkusi Martin, yafashwe mu 1990, afungirwa gereza ya Ruhengeri, yishwe 1991 116. Muri Segiteri Kabaya hafashwe Madamu Kayinamura Goreti mwene Kayinamura Benjamin na Léocadie yafatiwe muri Komini Kigombe mu 1991 ajya gufungirwa muri Gereza ya Ruhengeri, arekurwa mu 1991; Uwihoreye Charles yafashwe mu 1992, afatirwa Kigombe, afungirwa i Kigali; Munyagatanga wavutse mu 1952, mwene Rwajekare na Kakuze, yafashwe mu 1990 afungirwa i Kigali; Hakizimana Déogratias wavutse mu 1971, mwene Mugarukira Appolinaire, na Matindi Laurence wafatiwe Nyakinama mu 1994, ahita yicwa; Kanamugire Dominique wafatiwe Kigombe mu 1990 ; Josephine yafatiwe Kigombe mu 1992, afungirwa muri Gereza ya Ruhengeri, afungurwa mu 1992 117. Usibye gufungwa babeshyerwa ko ari ibyitso by'Inkotanyi, hari n'abahise bicwa barimo Bizimana wishwe avuye kugemurira umuvandimwe wari wafashwe afungwa mu biswe ibyitso ; hishwe kandi Ntazinda, wari ufungiye muri gereza ya Ruhengeri. Hari n'abandi bishwe n'ubuyobozi bwa gereza, nk'uwitwa Rusatira Fupi warashwe na diregiteri wa Gereza ya Ruhengeri, Sukiranya 118. 116 Inyandiko z'Inkiko Gacaca, Intara ya Ruhengeri, Akarere ka Musanze, Umurenge wa Muhoza, akagari ka Rukoro. 117 Inyandiko z'Inkiko Gacaca, Intara ya Ruhengeri, Akarere ka Musanze, Umurenge wa Kabaya, Akagari ka Kabatembagara. 118 Ikiganiro abashakashatsi bagiranye n'umutangabuhamya GAFEBU Pierre Claver mu Karere ka Musanze, Werurwe 2017

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90Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri Abatutsi benshi bishwe mu buryo bwo kubanyereza, kugeza ubwo imirambo y'abishwe igiye itoragurwa ahantu hatandukanye mu mujyi wa Ruhengeri. Kugira ngo imirambo y'Abatutsi bishwe ivanwe mu mujyi, Burugumesitiri wa Komini Kigombe, Maniragaba Fabien bitaga Kadasokoza afatanije na ba Konseye ba za Segiteri, mu mpera z'ukwezi kwa Mutarama 1991, bahamagaje abaturage babategeka gukora isuku mu mujyi hose, kugira ngo bavaneho imirambo yari yandagaye hirya no hino. Gusa hari abandi Batutsi benshi bicwaga bakabajugunya mu misarani kugira ngo hatazagira ubimenya 119. Mu 1992, Abatutsi bo muri Segiteri za Komini Kigombe ihanye imbibi na Komini Mukingo barasenyewe, imyaka yabo irasahurwa, bahitamo guhungira kuri Paruwasi ya Busogo, bakirwa n'Ababikira b'Abasuwisi bahabaga. Ibi byakomye mu nkokora Interahamwe ariko ntibyababuza gukomeza kubakurikirana, kubera ko Interahamwe zivuye muri Komini Kinigi na Gatagara zabasangaga aho bahungiye zikabatera amabuye ku manywa y'ihangu. Ibi byaje gutuma ababikira bitabaza Musenyeri wayoboraga Diyosezi ya Ruhengeri: Musenyeri Phocas Nikwigize bamusaba ko yabafasha kubahungisha. Nibwo baje guhungira muri Kaminuza ya ISAE-Busogo. Nyuma y'iminsi micye, Burugumesitiri wa Komini Mukingo, Kajelijeli yaje kuhabasanga, abakoresha inama ababwira ko aho bari ari ikigo cy'amashuri cyateganyirijwe kwigiramo atari aho guhungira. Byabaye ngombwa ko basubira mu matongo yabo, ababikira babashakira amahema yo kubamo. Twakwibutsa ko abenshi b'igitsina gabo bari baramaze kwicwa, abahungiye muri ayo mashuri bari ab'igitsina gore 120. 119 Ikiganiro abashakashatsi bagiranye n'umutangabuhamya BATAMURIZA Mwamini mu Karere ka Musanze, Werurwe 2017 120 Ikiganiro abashakashatsi bagiranye n'abatangabuhamya KAYITESI Chantal na KA VUMU Siméon mu Karere ka Musanze, Werurwe 2017

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91Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri 2. 1. 1. 5. Mu yahoze ari Komini Nyakinama Mu yahoze ari Komini Nyakinama, Abatutsi bagaragaraga ko bize cyangwa bifashije barafashwe barafungwa bababeshyera kuba ibyitso by'Inkotanyi bahereye ku Batutsi bigishaga muri Kaminuza ya Nyakinama. Abarimu bigishaga muri iyo Kaminuza barafashwe barafungwa, abenshi bakaba barafungiwe muri gereza ya Ruhengeri, kubwo amahirwe bafungurwa n'Inkotanyi ubwo zafunguraga imfungwa n'abagororwa bari bafungiye muri iyo gereza. Mu barimu bari bafungiwe muri gereza ya Ruhengeri bafunguwe n'Inkotanyi, harimo: Professeur Frère Ndayambaje Jean Damascène, Professeur Nkusi Laurent n'abandi. Mu ibaruwa n o 0016/04. 09. 01/16 yo kuwa 30/9/1991, Perefe wa Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri Dr Nzabagerageza Charles, yandikiye Minisitiri w'Umutekano n'Amajyambere ya Komini, amugezaho inyandikomvugo y'inama y'Umutekano ku rwego rwa Perefegitura, yamubwiye ko basuzumye ibibazo byagaragaraga muri Kaminuza ya Nyakinama n'uko amasomo yatangira. Nk'uko bigaragara muri iyo nyandikomvugo, hanzuwe ko Professeur Frère Ndayambaje Jean Damascène wafunzwe kubera gukorana n'Inkotanyi akaza gufungurwa nazo ku itariki ya 23 Mutarama 1991, atagomba kwemererwa kwigisha muri Kaminuza ya Nyakinama ngo kuko hari ibimenyetso simusiga bigaragaza uruhare rwe mu gukorana n'Inkotanyi. Naho Professeur Nkusi Laurent nawe wafunzwe bamushinja gukorana n'Inkotanyi, akava muri gereza kuya 23 Mutarama 1991, Komisiyo yo kujonjora yasanze ntabimenyetso bimuhama 121. Inama yafatiwemo iyo myanzuro yarimo abayobozi bakurikira:-Dr. Nzabagerageza Charles: Perefe wa Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri, akaba n'umuyobozi w'inama; 121 Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri, Ibaruwa no 0016/04. 09. 01/16 yo kuwa 30/09/1991 Perefe Dr. Nzabagerageza Charles yandikiye Ministri w'Ubutegetsi bw'Igihugu n'Amajyambere ya Komini.

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92Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri-Kayitani Gaétan: Superefe ushinzwe ubutegetsi n'amategeko, umwanditsi w'inama;-Ntagandamwabo Félicien: Superefe;-Ntarwanda Céléstin: Superefe;-Semasaka Faustin: Superefe wa Kirambo;-Nzanana Dismas: Superefe wa Busengo;-Lieutenant Colonel BEM Bizimungu Augustin: Commandant OPS Ruhengeri;-Munyangoga Eugène : SRP Sortant;-Mulinda Thomas: SRP entrant;-Barengayabo Francois: Vice Président wa cour d'Appel;-Mutemberezi André: Substitut du Procureur;-Bihira Alphonse: Juge au Tribunal de 1ère Instance;-Rwagasana Anatole: Vice Recteur UNR, Campus Nyakinama;-Murego Alphonse: Segeral Adjoint, a. i UNR, Campus Nyakinama;-Hakizimana Jean Baptiste: Responsable du CRI Ruhengeri;-Maniragaba Fabien: Burugumesitiri wa Komini Kigombe;-Nkurunziza Leonadis: Burugumesitiri wa Komini Nyakinama;-Bagulijoro Leodomir: Burugumesitiri wa Komini Nyamutera;-Kajelijeli Juvénal: Burugumesitiri wa Komini Mukingo. 122 122 Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri, Ibaruwa no 0016/04. 09. 01/16 yo kuwa 30/09/1991 Perefe Dr. Nzabagerageza Charles, yandikiye Minisitiri w'Ubutegetsi bw'Igihugu n'Amajyambere ya Komini.

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93Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri Uretse Abatutsi bafashwe muri Kaminuza ya Nyakinama, hirya no hino muri Segiteri za Komini Nyamutera barafashwe barafungwa. Hafashwe Senzira Phocas mwene Kamenyero na Nyirabarisebya, Ntakamara mwene Mbwirane na Kayuzi, Ntahuturi mwene Nyamwema na Baragomanwa, Ntaganda mwene Nyirabarabona bari batuye mu yahoze ari Segiteri ya Kitabura. Mu yahoze ari Segiteri ya Nkotsi, hafashwe Kanakuze, Bazimboze Rusiya, Jani Shadaraki, Mutsobe Genevieve, Mukayiranga Charlotte, Ntamahungiro, Mfatanijenimana Théogène n'abandi. Mu yahoze ari Rubona hafashwe kandi Rusake mwene Birongorotsi na Mukangumije hamwe na Nzabarinda mwene Kamegeri na Nyirandagabanye. 2. 1. 1. 6. Mu yahoze ari Komini Nkumba Mu yahoze ari Komini Nkumba, nyuma y'aho urugamba rwo kubohora Igihugu rutangiye ku itariki ya 1 Ukwakira 1990, ba Konseye bakoresheje inama abaturage bababwira ko Igihugu cyatewe n'umwanzi ko bagomba kuba maso kandi ko bagomba kugenzura Abatutsi mu byo bakora byose. Mu matariki abanza y'ukwezi k'Ugushingo, Konseye wa Segiteri ya Rutamba, Habufite Jonathan, yahamagaje abaturage ababwira ko bagomba kuba maso, hakajyaho amarondo no gusaka ingo z'Abatutsi, bagashyikiriza ubuyobozi uwo babona ko akorana n'umwanzi. Ni muri urwo rwego Abatutsi benshi bafashwe barafungwa, baratotezwa no kwicwa bababeshyera ko bari bacumbikiye Inkotanyi 123. Mu bafunzwe bababeshyera ko ari ibyitso by'Inkotanyi harimo : Kaniziyo Serinda wari umuganga, Sezane wari ufite umugore ukomoka muri Uganda, Kagwiza, Sekabera, Rwangarinde wo muri Segiteri ya Gahunga n'abandi. Abatarafunzwe bahoraga batotezwa harimo Nyirabari Gatarina, Sebuhinja n'abandi 124. 123 Ikiganiro abashakashatsi bagiranye n'umutangabuhamya NDANGUZA François mu Karere ka Gakenke, Werurwe 2017 124 Ikiganiro abashakashatsi bagiranye n'umutangabuhamya NKIRANUYE Jean Damascène mu Karere ka Burera, Werurwe 2017

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94Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri Abaturage b'Abahutu bari barashakanye n'Abatutsikazi nabo baratotezwaga, ndetse bakabategeka kwitandukanya n'abagore babo. Umwe mu batangabuhamya wo muri Komini Nkumba wari ufite umubyeyi w'Umututsikazi avuga ko Konseye wa Segiteri ya Gahunga yahoraga abatoteza, abategeka kwirukana nyina w'Umututsikazi. Yaje kubamenesha bahungira muri Komini Ruhondo. Bageze muri Komini Ruhondo, nabwo yabasanzeyo abwira Burugumesitiri wa Komini ko bakorana n'Inkotanyi. Iminsi yose bahoraga bashaka kwica umubyeyi we kubera ko ari Umututsikazi 125. Gutoteza Abatutsi no kubagirira nabi byabaga bishyigikiwe n'abayobozi batandukanye bo mu nzego za gisivili n'iza gisirikare. Umutangabuhamya wari Resiponsabule wa Serire Nkwana, Segiteri ya Kinoni, Komini Nkumba, abisobanura mu magambo akurikira: Nyuma y'iminsi mike urugamba rwo kubohora Igihugu rutangiye Burugumesitiri wa Komini Nkumba, Matemane Faustin yakoreshe inama abwira abaturage kuba maso bakarwanya umwanzi, ariwe Umututsi. Yasabye ba Resiponsabules na ba Konseye gushyira bariyeri ahantu hose bacyeka umwanzi yanyura. Muri iyo nama uwitwa Bazira Pierre Célestin, umukozi wa Komini Nkumba, yashimangiye cyane ko bagomba gusaka ingo z'Abatutsi, avuga ko hari imbunda Inkotanyi zazanye murugo rw'Umututsi witwa Serinda Kaniziyo wari umuganga kuri centre de santé ya Kinoni. Abashyinzwe umutekano baje kureba niba koko acumbikiye Inkotanyi, basanga ntazihari, gusa ntibyababujije kumufunga, bamubeshyera ko ari icyitso cy' inkotanyi 126. 125 Ikiganiro abashakashatsi bagiranye n'umutangabuhamya MINANI François mu Karere ka Burera, Werurwe 2017 126 Ikiganiro abashakashatsi bagiranye n'umutangabuhamya MUNYANGANIZI Martin mu Karere ka Burera, Werurwe 2017

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95Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri Gutoteza Abatutsi byagendanaga no kubica ku mugaragaro, kugira ngo abaturage basanzwe bumve ko Umututsi cyangwa undi muntu wese udashyigikiye ubutegetsi bwa Habyarimana agomba kwicwa. Aha twavuga umugabo witwa Serugari wo muri Segiteri ya Gitinda, Komini Nkumba wazanywe n'abasirikare bayobowe na Major Muvunyi Tharcisse bitaga Gafuni, bamutegeka kujya mu cyobo bari bacukuye, umwe mu basirikare bari kumwe na Muvunyi amurasiramo, apfa atyo. Yishwe mu 1991 bamubeshyera ko ari icyitso cy'Inkotanyi 127. 2. 1. 1. 7. Mu yahoze ari Komini Kidaho Mu yahoze ari Komini Kidaho, gufunga no gutoteza Abatutsi byabaye guhera tariki ya 1 Ukwakira 1990. Mu bafashwe mu byitso harimo: Kanyamibwa Charles n'umugore we witwa Mukagoboka Anne Marie, Aaron n'umugore we Musengimana Appolonie n'abandi 128. Umutangabuhamya wo muri Segiteri ya Kidaho, Komini Kidaho, avuga ko nyuma y'aho Inkotanyi zitangije urugamba rwo kubohora Igihugu, we n'umugabo we witwa Gakenyeri Bernard, batotejwe mu buryo bukomeye, bahungira muri Komini Ruhondo. Gakenyeri Bernard yaje gufungwa bamubeshyera ko ari icyitso cy' Inkotanyi, nyuma aza no kwicwa 129. Gakenyeri Bernard yabaye Burugumesitiri wa Komini Kidaho kuva 1973 kugeza 1981. Yasimbuwe na Burugumesitiri Ntahompagaze Jean Bosco wagejeje 1994130. 127 Ikiganiro abashakashatsi bagiranye n'umutangabuhamya SIBOMANA Samuel mu Karere ka Burera, Werurwe 2017 128 Ikiganiro abashakashatsi bagiranye n'umutangabuhamya MUKAMFIZI Astérie mu Karere ka Burera, Werurwe 2017129 Ikiganiro abashakashatsi bagiranye n'umutangabuhamya NKIRANUYE Jean Damascène mu Karere ka Burera, Werurwe 2017130 Ikiganiro abashakashatsi bagiranye n'umutangabuhamya NIYONSABA Fabien mu Karere ka Burera, Werurwe 2017

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96Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri 2. 1. 1. 8. Mu yahoze ari Komini Gatonde Mu yahoze ari Komini Gatonde, nyuma y'uko RPF-Inkotanyi itangije urugamba rwo kubohora Igihugu habayeho imyigaragambyo ku itariki ya 2 Ukwakira 1990, imirimo yose irahagarara, amashuri arafungwa, abaturage bakwira imihanda bamagana FPR-Inkotanyi. Muri iyo myigaragambyo bibasiye Abatutsi, uwo babonye bakamukubita bavuga ko akorana n'Inkotanyi. Byaje gukomera ubwo bajyaga mu gikorwa cyo guhamba imitumba bavuga ngo bagiye guhamba Fred Rwigema. Abaturage bo muri Komini Gatonde bahuriye ahitwa mu bigabiro, buri Segiteri yazanaga igishushanyo gisimbura Rwigema, nyuma bakerekeza aho bajya gushyingura imitumba bavuga ko ari Rwigema. Nyuma yo guhamba imitumba biraye mu Batutsi barabatoteza, bamwe barafungwa abandi baburirwa irengero. Mu bafunzwe, harimo Batsinda Valens, Barihenura Joseph, Mpendwanzi Joseph, Barinyenzi, Kimuna John wari utuye muri Serire Rutabu, we bamushinje ko ajya i Bugande, ko akorana n'inyenzi 131. Uwitwa Ngirabatware bitaga Kimuna wari umwarimu bamuteze avuye kwigisha ku mashuri y'ahitwa Cyibumba hafi yo mu Kiziba, baramwica, bamubeshyera ko akorana n'Inkotanyi. Bamaze kumwica, umurambo we bawujugunye munsi y'umukingo132. 2. 1. 1. 9. Mu yahoze ari Komini Nyarutovu Mu yahoze ari Komini Nyarutovu, kwibasira Abatutsi babafunga naho byahereye ku itariki ya 1 Ukwakira 1990. Gufunga Abatutsi byajyanaga no gukorerwa ibikorwa by'urugomo. 131 Ikiganiro abashakashatsi bagiranye n'umutangabuhamya NSENGIMANA Alfred mu Karere ka Gakenke, Werurwe 2017 132 Ikiganiro abashakashatsi bagiranye n'umutangabuhamya AKIMANA Salama mu Karere ka Musanze, Werurwe 2017

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97Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri Abatutsi benshi baratotejwe, barakubitwa, ibyabo biranyagwa. Babujijwe amahoro, birirwaga bahigwa ngo batunze imbunda, ko bakorana n'inyenzi n'ibindi. Mu bafunzwe harimo Busezera Théoneste, Nemeye, Kanani, Gasasira n'abandi. Abatangabuhamya twaganiriye nabo batubwiye ko mu yahoze ari Komini Nyarutovu, hashyizweho bariyeri ahantu hatandukanye, cyane cyane mu muhanda wa Kaburimbo, ahitwa mu kivuruga, n'ahandi. Izi bariyeri zikaba zariciweho Abatutsi benshi babita ibyitso by'Inkotanyi. Ahitwa muri Bwishya naho hiciwe Abatutsi benshi barimo Ruzindana, Rufari na Rukazihogo 133. Gutoteza Abatutsi byakozwe na none umunsi bahambaga imitumba bayitirira Fred Rwigema wari waguye ku rugamba. Nyuma y'iminsi mike bafashe imitumba bayihekesha Abatutsi bajya kuyishyingura; uko bashyinguraga imitumba niko babaga bashinyagurira Abatutsi babasaba kuririmba indirimbo zivuga ibigwi by'ingabo za FAR 134. Undi mutangabuhamya wahekeshejwe umutumba asobanura akaga bahuye nako muri aya magambo: Umunsi bavuga ko Rwigema yaguye ku rugamba twaratotejwe cyane. Iminsi yakurikiyeho, bahamagaje abaturage bose, Abahutu n'Abatutsi ngo tugiye guhamba Rwigema, ariko noneho Abatutsi aba aribo bikoreza imitumba. Twikoreye iyo mitumba tugenda turirimba indirimbo zivuga ibigwi by'ingabo za FAR. Konseye wa Segiteri ya Jenda, Nyirakamanzi Phoibe, yafashe ijambo avuga ko Inyenzi zari zigererejeho, ko nihagira iyongera bizatugwa nabi 135. 133 Ikiganiro abashakashatsi bagiranye n'umutangabuhamya NGIRABANYIGINYA Casmir mu Karere ka Gakenke, Werurwe 2017 134 Ikiganiro abashakashatsi bagiranye n'umutangabuhamya NDAHIRO Vincent mu Karere ka Gakenke, Gashyantare 2017135 Ikiganiro abashakashatsi bagiranye n'umutangabuhamya MUKAMUSONI Espérance mu Karere ka Gakenke, Werurwe 2017

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98Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri Iteka gutoteza Abatutsi byajyanaga no kubica kandi bigakorwa n'inzego zishinzwe umutekano hamwe n'inzego z'ibanze. Umutangabuhamya wari Resiponsabule wa Serire ya Gafumba, Segiteri ya Rugarama, Komini Nkumba asobanura ko : Igihe umujyi wa Ruhengeri waterwaga n'Inkotanyi ku itariki ya 23 Mutarama 1991, kubera ipfunwe, ingabo za FAR zihimuriye ku basivili b'Abatutsi. Ni muri urwo rwego Major Muvunyi Tharcisse bitaga Gafuni yagiye mu Rugarama abaturage bamuzanira abo yitaga ibyitso by'Inkotanyi, bamaze kubamugezaho abategeka kwicukurira, barangije ategeka bamwe mu baturage bari aho kubakubita udufuni, bahita babaroha muri icyo cyobo 136. Abatutsi batotezwaga kandi n'abaturage basanzwe. Nk'uko abatangabuhamya babigarukaho, wagira ngo abaturage bari bafite uburengenzira bwo guhohotera no kwica Abatutsi batifuza. Abatutsi bajyanwaga ku irondo abenshi bakicirwayo. Hari n'abandi Batutsi baburiwe irengero kuko abayobozi cyangwa abasirikare bazaga kubafata, babajyana ntibongere kugaruka. 2. 1. 1. 10. Mu makomini ya Ndusu, Cyabingo, Cyeru, Ruhondo, Nyamugari, Nyamutera na Butaro Mu makomini ya Ndusu, Cyabingo, Cyeru, Ruhondo, Nyamugari, Nyamutera na Butaro, ba Burugumesitiri cyangwa Konseye bafataga Abatutsi bakabafungira muri za Cachot za Komini, abo babona ari ngombwa bakabohereza muri parike. Aha twatanga urugero rw'ibyasabwe na Superefe mu ibaruwa n o 169/04. 05. 3 yo kuwa 21 Gicurasi 1992, aho Superefe wa Superefegitura ya Kirambo, Semasaka Faustin, yandikiye Substitut wa Porokireri wa Repubulika uyobora pariki ya Kirambo, amusaba gukurikirana 136 Ikiganiro abashakashatsi bagiranye n'umutangabuhamya NDANGUZA François mu Karere ka Gakenke, Werurwe 2017

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99Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri uwitwa Bizimana Andereya ngo kubera ko akunda kujya mu Karere kaberamo imirwano kandi akagenda nijoro, amumenyesha na none ko Bizimana afungiye muri kasho (cachot) ya Komini Cyeru. Muri rusange, abayobozi batandukanye bagize uruhare mu ifatwa n'ifungwa ry'abo bitaga ibyitso by'Inkotanyi. Tariki 4 Mata 1991, Perefe wa Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri Dr. Nzabagerageza Charles yandikiye ba Burugumesitiri ba Komini Cyeru, Cyabingo, Nyakinama na Nyarutovu, abagezaho amazina y'abo yise ibyitso by'Inkotanyi, abasaba gushakisha amakuru ahagije yazifashishwa kugira ngo bakurikiranwe n'ubutabera. Abo ni: 1. Bitendo Tite, mwene Bigirintwari na Bayihorere wakomokaga muri Segiteri Kamubuga, Komini Cyeru; 2. Mbonigaba Boniface mwene Biraro na Nyirambabazi wakomokaga muri Segiteri Kamubuga, Komini Cyeru ; 3. Nziraguseswa Phocas mwene Ndeze na Nyirarushana wakomokaga muri Segiteri Rugimbu, Komini Cyabingo; 4. Sikubwabo mwene Nsigayehe na Nzagezahe wakomokaga muri Segiteri Kabere II, Komini Nyakinama; 5. Kabalira mwene Munanira na Nyirahumure wakomokaga muri Segiteri Kinyoma, Komini Nyarutovu 137. Abatutsi benshi bagiye bafungwa bigizwemo uruhare n'abayobozi batandukanye, bamwe bagafungirwa muri kasho za Komini abandi bakajya kubafungira muri gereza ya Ruhengeri. Mu bari bafungiwe muri gereza ya Ruhengeri benshi muribo bafunguwe n'ingabo za FPR-Inkotanyi ubwo zafunguraga gereza ya Ruhengeri ku ya 23 Mutarama 1991. Muri abo hari uwitwa Gafebu Pierre Claver ugaragara mu ibaruwa Burugumesitiri Kajelijeli yandikiye Perefe wa Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri 137 Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri, Ibaruwa no 412/04. 09. 01 yo kuwa 04 Mata 1991 yanditswe na Perefe wa Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri, Dr. Nzabagerageza Charles

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100Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri amugezaho amazina y'abo yise ibyitso by'Inkotanyi. We n'abandi batandukanye twaganiriye bari bafungiye muri gereza ya Ruhengeri, bagarutse ku buzima bugoye babayemo ubwo bari bafungiye muri gereza ya Ruhengeri, ndetse ko hari benshi biciwe muri gereza, ariko kubwo amahirwe bo baje kurokorwa n'ingabo za FPR-Inkotanyi ubwo zafunguraga gereza ya Ruhengeri. Twavuga ko mu makomini yose yari agize Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri Abatutsi batotejwe, bagafungwa bababeshyera ko ari ibyitso by'Inkotanyi. Nk'uko byemejwe na Raporo Mpuzamahanga ku burenganzira bw'ikiremwamuntu mu Rwanda (International report on Human Rights violation in Rwanda, 7-21 Janvier 1993), mu kwezi k'ukwakira hafashwe hanafungwa Abatutsi benshi babita inyangarwanda, ibyitso by'Inkotanyi. Iyo raporo ikomeza igaragaza ko tariki 12 Ukwakira 1990, Burugumesitiri Kajelijeli Juvénal yatumije abaturage bose mu muganda, maze abwira abaturage bitabiriye umuganda kurya inka z'Abatutsi z'abitwa Mukecuru na Akobasingiza 138. 2. 1. 2. Kunyaga Abatutsi imitungo yabo bababeshyera gukorana na FPR-Inkotanyi Gutoteza Abatutsi byajyanaga no kubambura ibyabo ntibagire aho barega ababahohoteye. Kuva 1959, Abatutsi banyazwe ibyabo, bigeze muri 1990 nyuma y'aho RPF-Inkotanyi itangije urugamba rwo kubohora Igihugu, birushaho kuba bibi cyane. Abayobozi b'inzego z'ibanze n'abashinzwe umutekano bazaga mu rugo rw'Umututsi wishoboye, ikintu cy'agaciro bahasanze bakagitwara. Imirima y'Abatutsi yigaruriwe na bamwe mu baturanyi babo, bakabategeka kuyibagurisha ku mafaranga make. Hari n'aho bategekaga Abatutsi kuva mu mirima yabo, igatwarwa n'abitwaga abakode. Abatangabuhamya bavuga ko gutwara amatungo y'Abatutsi cyangwa imirima yabo, 138 Rapport de la Commission Internationale d'enquête sur les Violations des droits de l'homme au Rwanda depuis le 1er Octobre 1990, 7-21 Janvier 1993, p. 19

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101Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri byakorwaga mu duce dutandukanye, bigakorwa na ba Konseye ndetse na ba membres ba Serire. Nta Mututsi wabashaga gukurikirana ibye cyangwa ngo arege abamuhohoteye. Umwe mu batangabuhamya asobanura ko : Mu gace ka Kinigi, gutwara amatungo, imyaka cyangwa imirima y'Abatutsi byakorwaga n'abayobozi batandukanye. Hari n'aho byageraga umukode akambura Umututsi isambu ye kuko yabaga ashyigikiwe n'ubuyobozi, azi ko Umututsi adafite aho yajya kumurega 139. Umutangabuhamya wari utuye mu yahoze ari Komini Nkumba, Segiteri ya Gahunga asobanura kandi uburyo aba Serire bazaga kunywa ikigage iwe, barangiza bakagenda batishyuye. Umunsi umwe ubwo yabazaga uwitwa Kabirigi impamvu batamwishyura, yamusubije amubwira ko imitungo Abatutsi bafite ari iy'Abahutu ko ahubwo arebye nabi na duke bamusigiraga natwo badutwara 140. Undi mutangabuhamya wo muri Komini Nkumba, yakomeje asobanura akarengane bakorerwaga: Inkotanyi zimaze gutera, twaratotejwe cyane. Aba Serire bazaga iwanjye bagatwara ibyo bashaka, banywaga inzoga nacuruzaga barangiza bakambwira ngo nkwiriye kumenya ko ibyo mfite mu nzu atari ibyacu, bakanywa bakagenda batishyuye. Iyo najyaga kubarega kuri Konseye wa Segiteri, yarambwiraga ngo ndi icyitso cy'Inkotanyi, ngo ahubwo nagize Imana ntibankubita. Muri Mutarama 1991, abasirikare ba FAR batwaye umugabo wanjye witwa Munyembanza 139 Ikiganiro abashakashatsi bagiranye n'umutangabuhamya NDAGIJIMANA Jérome mu Karere ka Musanze, Werurwe 2017 140 Ikiganiro abashakashatsi bagiranye n'umutangabuhamya NYIRABARI Catherine mu Karere ka Burera, Werurwe 2017

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102Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri Boniface, kuva icyo gihe ntabwo twongeye kumubona, bahise bamwica141. Habayeho kandi kubuza Abatutsi kugurisha imitungo yabo. Abatutsi benshi barakomanyirijwe, bavutswa uburenganzira ku byabo, kugeza ubwo batari bemerewe kugira icyo bagurisha ngo bakemure ibibazo bafite. Nko mu yahoze ari Komini Kinigi, Burugumesitiri wa Komini Gasana Thadée, yakoresheje inama mu ntangiriro y'umwaka wa 1991, atanga amabwiriza ko nta Mututsi ugomba kugurisha ikintu cye kuko ngo amafaranga bagurishije bayoherereza inkotanyi, abuza n'abayobozi kutabasinyira kandi ko uzarenga kuri ayo mabwiriza azabihanirwa. Kuva icyo gihe nta Mututsi wongeye kugira icyo agurisha haba no kwatisha igisinde. Umwe mu batangabuhamya utarahigwaga, wari Resiponsabule wa Serire Kidendezi yakomeje gusobanura uko byari biteye: Abakecuru babiri b'Abatutsikazi baje kuntakambira bambwira ko inzara igiye kubica ko bashaka kugurisha igisinde. Ndebye akababaro kabo, narabasinyiye bagurisha igisinde cy'uturima twabo. Nyuma Burugumesitiri yaje kubimenya, antumaho, nageze kuri Komini mu gihe ntarabonana nawe, abwira abapolisi ba Komini ko bamfata bakamfunga. Narafunzwe, nyuma y'iminsi mike nzagutanga amafaranga barandekura 142. 141 Ikiganiro abashakashatsi bagiranye n'umutangabuhamya NYIRABARI Catherine mu Karere ka Burera, Werurwe 2017 142 Ikiganiro abashakashatsi bagiranye n'umutangabuhamya NDIBABAJE Assiel mu Karere ka Musanze, Werurwe 2017

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103Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri 2. 1. 3. Kwica Abatutsi binyuze mu gukora amarondo Guhera ku itariki ya 1 Ukwakira 1990, hashyizweho bariyeri ahantu hatandukanye mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri, hashyirwaho gahunda yo gukora amarondo. Nubwo amarondo yashyizweho mu rwego rwo kugira ngo abaturage birindire umutekano, Abatutsi bo bahuye n'akaga gakomeye, kuko uwajyaga ku irondo bamwiciragayo. Byageze aho Abatutsi bajya batanga amafaranga menshi yo kwigura ngo batajya gukora irondo. Umutangabuhamya utarahigwaga wo muri Komini ya Nkuli avuga ko ba Resiponsabule ba Serire aribo bahatiraga Abatutsi kujya ku irondo, kugira ngo babone uko babica. Uyu mutangabuhamya asobanura ko: Konseye wa Segiteri ya Mukamira, Kabutura Anasthase yadusabye gushyiraho amarondo yo gukumira ibiri kubera mu birunga ngo bitazagera aho dutuye. Muri ayo marondo bajyaga batwara Abatutsi b'abasore n'abagabo ngo bajye ku marondo ntibagaruke. Mu batwawe harimo Bundugu, Joel Kanyeshuri, Haleluya, Havugimana, n'abandi, babatwaye ku irondo bicirwayo 143. Kabutura Anasthase yafashe kandi Abatutsi barimo Rwabukamba, Kayobotsi na Kanyugunyugu abajyana ku irondo, babicirayo144. Mu yahoze ari Komini Gatonde, ba membres ba Serire nibo bajyaga kuzana ku ngufu abasore cyangwa abagabo b'Abatutsi ngo bajye ku marondo: 143 Ikiganiro abashakashatsi bagiranye n'umutangabuhamya SINANGUMURYANGO Moïse mu Karere ka Musanze, Weurwe 2017 144 Ikiganiro abashakashatsi bagiranye n'umutangabuhamya SENYANA Gaétan mu Karere ka Musanze, Werurwe 2017

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104Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri Aba membres ba Serire, bajyaga mu ngo z'Abatutsi bagatwara ku irondo Abatutsi bakiri abasore n'abagabo bubatse. Iyo babagezagayo, barabakubitaga. Umunsi umwe bigeze gutwara umubyeyi wanjye, Rurinda Félicien, ageze aho bakoreraga irondo baramufata bamushyira mu ruziga hagati, umwe mu bari ku irondo amanika umupanga agiye kumutema, mugenzi we amufata akaboko, agira Imana ntiyamutema. Yatashye avuga ko kuba akirimo umwuka ari Imana yakinze akaboko 145. 2. 1. 4. Akarengane kagiriwe abanyeshuri b'Abatutsi nyuma y'igitero cyo kuya 8 Gashyantare 1993 mu yahoze ari Komini Kigombe Tariki 8 Gashyantare 1992, ingabo za RPF-INKOTANYI zagabye igitero simusiga mu duce dutandukanye tw'Igihugu nyuma yo kubona ko Leta ya Habyarimana ikajije umurego mu kwica Abatutsi. Icyo gitero cyari icyo guha gasopo Leta ya Habyarimana ndetse kikaba cyaratumye ubwicanyi buhagarara gato nubwo bwaje gukomeza. Nyuma y'icyo gitero, habayeho gutoteza bamwe mu Batutsi bo mu duce dutandukanye babarega ko babaye ibyitso by'Inkotanyi ubwo zagabaga igitero. Ni muri urwo rwego abanyeshuri bo mu kigo cya Lycée Catholique Saint Alain cya Mataba muri Komini Kigombe bashatse kubica, kubwo amahirwe bararokoka, ariko ibikoresho byabo bisahurwa na bagenzi babo bigizwemo uruhare n'umuyobozi w'icyo kigo witwa Kazanenda Juvénal. Mu ibaruwa yo kuwa 30 Kamena 1993 abanyeshuri bandikiye ubuyobozi bw'ikigo bagaragaza akarengane bakorewe na Kazanenda Juvénal, bagaragaje ko yashatse kubivugana mu ijoro ryo kuya 10 rishyira tariki 11 Gashyantare 1993, abifashijwemo 145 Ikiganiro abashakashatsi bagiranye n'umutangabuhamya MUKANKUSI Dorothée mu Karere ka Gakenke, Werurwe 2017

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105Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri n'uwari ushinzwe umurimo w'ubu animateur, Hagumakwiha Laurent, wakwirakwije umwuka mubi ugamije kwangisha Abatutsi bagenzi babo b'Abahutu ndetse bababeshyera kuba barabaye ibyitso by'Inkotanyi ubwo zagabaga igitero ku itariki ya 8 Gashyantare 1993. Nk'uko abo banyeshuri bavuga muri iyo baruwa, abanyeshuri bagenzi babo b'Abahutu barabagose, bitwaje amahiri, imipanga, amacumu n'inkoni, kubwo amahirwe baza kurokoka. Bandikiye ubuyobozi babusaba ko babaha ibikoresho byabo basize kuri icyo kigo, dore ko batongeye kwiga kuri icyo kigo. Abanyeshuri banditse iyo baruwa ni Mukakagina Christine, Kayitesi Théa, Mukakimenyi Madeleine, Uwamahoro Brigitte, Uwisoni Odette, Nyirasoni Brigitte, Umutoni Assouma, Uwanyirigira M. Jonnhive, Nyiranzabahimana Donathila, Murorunkwere Saphina, Mukarugina Colette, Faida Justine na Uwiragiye Brigitte 146. 2. 2 Ubwicanyi bweruye bwakorewe Abatutsi hagati ya 1990 na 1993 mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri Nyuma yaho RPF-Inkotanyi itangije urugamba rwo kubohora Igihugu mu Kwakira 1990, Abatutsi bo mu makomini atandukanye mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri baratotejwe bikaje, abandi bicwa rugikubita. Ubwicanyi mu buryo bweruye bwatangiye nyuma yaho ingabo za RPF-Inkotanyi zigabye igitero mu mugi wa Ruhengeri ku itariki ya 23 Mutarama 1991. Guhera ubwo, ubwicanyi buteguwe bwahise butangira, bukaba bwaribasiye cyane cyane Abatutsi b'Abagogwe bari batuye muri Komini Nkuli, Mukingo na Kinigi. 146 MINEPRISEC, ACEDI-MATABA. Ibaruwa yo kuwa 30/6/1993 yanditswe n'abanyeshuri barenganijwe n'uwari Umuyobozi w'Ikigo cya Lycée Catholique Saint Alain Marie, Kazanenda Juvénal, Komini Kigombe.

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