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306Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri Inyandiko za Gacaca zifashishijwe-Inyandiko z'Inkiko Gacaca, Intara ya Ruhengeri, Akarere ka Musanze, umurenge wa Muhoza, Akagari ka Bwuzuri. -Inyandiko z'Inkiko Gacaca, Intara ya Ruhengeri, Akarere ka Musanze, Umurenge wa Muhoza, Akagari ka Rukoro.-Inyandiko z'Inkiko Gacaca, Intara ya Ruhengeri, Akarere ka Musanze, Umurenge wa Kabaya, Akagari ka Kabatembagara.-Inyandiko z'Inkiko Gacaca, Intara ya Ruhengeri, Akarere ka Nyabihu, Umurenge wa Busogo, Akagari ka Mugogo.-Inyandiko z'Inkiko Gacaca, Intara ya Ruhengeri, Akarere ka Nyabihu, Umurenge wa Busogo, Akagari ka Kinoni. -Inyandiko z'Inkiko Gacaca, Intara ya Ruhengeri, Akarere ka Nyabihu, Umurenge wa Busogo, Akagari ka Kagezi.-Inyandiko z'Inkiko Gacaca, Intara ya Ruhengeri, Akarere ka Nyabihu, Umurenge wa Busogo, Akagari ka Rwankeri. Inyandiko zavanywe kuri website-http://jacques. morel67. free. fr/Serubuga Laurent. pdf-www. voltairenet. org/article8023. html, Le régime Habyarimana : de 1973 à la fin des années 1980 », Réseau Voltaire, 7 juillet 2000,

CNLG_amateka_jenoside_ruh.pdf

307Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri UMUGEREKA INYOBORA KIGANIRO (INTERVIEW GUIDE)Mbere yo gutangira ikiganiro, umushakashatsi arabanza yibwire uwo bagiye kuganira, amubwire impamvu y'ubushakashatsi nicyo bugamije, amwizeza ko ibyo baza kuganira ari ibanga hagati yabo bombi, kandi ko amazina ye nta nahamwe azigera agaragara. Umwirondoro w'ubazwa Amazina (asimburwa n'inyuguti imwe cyangwa ebyiri): Igihe yavukiye : Igitsina : Irangamimerere : Aho yaratuye mbere ya Jenoside (hagati ya 1990-1994):Aho yaratuye mu gihe cya Jenoside (Mata 1994): Aho Jenoside yabaye ari : Aho atuye ubu (Akarere, umurenge, Akagari, umudugudu): Amashuri yize : Idini asengeramo : Ingingo ya mbere: Imibanire y'Abanyarwanda mbere ya 1959 o Mbere ya 1959, agace mwari mutuyemo kitwaga iyihe sheferi? Ni nde wayoboraga iyo sheferi? Sushefri yitwaga ite? Sushefu yitwaga nde? o Mbere ya 1959, abaturage bari babanye bate mu gace mwari mutuyemo? o Gucikamo ibice mu Banyarwanda byatangiye ryari? Byatewe n'iki? Ni bande babigizemo uruhare?

CNLG_amateka_jenoside_ruh.pdf

308Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri o Ni iki wibuka ku byerekeye bikorwa by'urugomo n'ubwicanyi byakorewe Abatutsi mu 1959 ? Byagenze gute mu gace mwari mutuyemo ? Ingingo ya 2: Imibanire y'abaturage bari batuye mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri mu gihe cy'ubutegetsi bwa perezida Kayibanda o Ubutegetsi n'imibanire byari bimeze bite mu gihe cy'ubutegetsi bwa Grégoire Kayibanda (1962-1973) ? o Abaturage bose bafatwaga kimwe no guhabwa amahirwe angana? Niba ari yego cyangwa oya, sobanura. o Haba hari ibikorwa by'ivangura n'itotezwa byakorerwaga Abatutsi mu gihe cy'ubutegetsi bwa Kayibanda? o Haba harabayeho ubwicanyi bwibasiye Abatutsi mu gace mwari mutuyemo mu gihe cy'ubutegetsi bwa Kayibanda? Niba ari yego, ubwo bwicanyi bwabaye ryari? Bwatewe n'iki? Ni bande bari kwisonga? Ababigizemo uruhare ni bande? Ni izihe ntwaro zakoreshejwe? Ingingo ya 3: Imibereho y'Abatutsi mu gihe cy'ubutegetsi bwa perezida Juvénal Habyarimana mbere ya 1990 o Mu gihe cy'ubutegetsi bwa perezida Juvénal Habyarimana mbere ya 1990, imibanire y'abaturage yari imeze ite? Abaturage bose bafatwaga kimwe? o Haba hari ibikorwa by'ivangura, itotezwa no guhezwa byakorerwaga Abatutsi mbere ya 1990? Niba ari yego byakorwaga bite? o Ese hari icyo uzi cyangwa wumvise kuri politiki y'iringaniza? Niba ari yego, iyo politiki yari imeze ite? ( mu kazi, mu mashuri, mu gisirikare n'ibindi).

CNLG_amateka_jenoside_ruh.pdf

309Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri Ingingo ya 4: Ibikorwa by'ivangura, urugomo n'ubwicanyi hagati ya 1990 kugera 1993 o Nyuma y'igitero cya RPF Inkotanyi cyo kubohora Igihugu mu Kwakira 1990, byagenze gute mu gace mwari mutuyemo? o Hari ibikorwa byo gutesha agaciro, iby'urugomo, ubwicanyi byabereye mu karere mwari mutuyemo hagati ya 1990 na 1993? Niba ari yego, Ibyo bikorwa byabereye he? ryari? Byibasiraga bande? Ni bande babigizemo uruhare? o Haba hari abayobozi mu butegetsi bwite bwa Leta, abakuru b'amashyaka, abashinzwe umutekano wibuka bari ku isonga y'ibyo bikorwa? o Ni ubuhe buryo bwakoreshwaga n'abayobozi (aba gisivili n'abashinzwe umutekano) mu gushishikariza abaturage urwango n'ubwicanyi bwakorerwaga Abatutsi? o Ni iki bizezaga abaturage baramutse bakoze ibyo babasabaga? Haba hari abo muzi babihawe? o Uretse ubwicanyi, haba harabaye ubuhunzi bw'abatotezwaga muri aka karere mbere ya 1994? Niba byarabaye bahungiyehe? Babifashwagamo na bande? o Haba hari uruhare amashyaka ya politiki, imitwe yitwara gisirikare, abayobozi ba gisivili, abashinzwe umutekano n' abarezi bagize mu bwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi hagati ya 1990 na 1994? Ingingo ya 5: Uburyo bwakoreshejwe mu gutegura Jenoside o Haba hari inama zakoreshejwe zikangurira Abahutu kwanga no kwica Abatutsi? Niba ari yego, zakoreshejwe na ba nde, ryari kandi hehe?

CNLG_amateka_jenoside_ruh.pdf

310Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri o Haba hari ubundi buryo bwakoreshejwe mu gushishikariza Abahutu kwanga no kwica Abatutsi? Niba ari yego ni ubuhe? o Haba hari ibiganiro mbwirwa ruhame (meeting) wibuka byabaye muri aka gace mwari mutuyemo hagati ya 1990-1994 bishishikariza Abahutu kwanga no kwica Abatutsi? Niba ari yego, ibyo biganiro byabaye ryari? Byabereye hehe? Byayobowe na bande? Ni ubuhe butumwa bwavugiwe muri ibyo biganiro? o Nyuma y'ibyo biganiro imyitwarire y'abaturage yagenze ite? o Mu gace mwari mutuyemo, haba harabayeho gutoza imitwe yitwara gisirikare? Niba ari yego, ni iyihe? batorejwe he? batozwaga na bande? Byatangiye ryari? o Mu gace mwari mutuyemo, haba harabayeho gutanga imbunda, grenades cyangwa intwaro gakondo mu baturage? Niba ari yego, ni bande bazitangaga, zahabwaga bande, zatanzwe guhera ryari ? Ingingo ya 6 : Ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri o Mbere y'ihanurwa ry'indege ya Habyarimana, umutekano w'abaturage muri rusange wari umeze ute muri aka karere mwari mutuyemo ? Umutekano w'Abatutsi bari batuye muri aka gace wari umeze ? Nyuma y'ihanurwa ry'indege, byagenze gute ? o Ni ayahe matariki y'ingenzi wibuka Jenoside yaba yaratangiriyeho, n'aho yatangiriye mbere yuko ikwirakwizwa mu gace mwari mutuyemo ?

CNLG_amateka_jenoside_ruh.pdf

311Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri o Ni abahe bantu bari ku isonga mu gukangurira abaturage kwitabira ibikorwa bya Jenoside muri aka karere ? o Ni ibihe bikoresho byakoreshejwe muri Jenoside muri aka karere mutuyemo ? Ibyo bikoresho byavuye he? Byakoreshejwe na bande (imitwe yitwara gisirikare, abaturage basanzwe,)? o Ni ubuhe buryo bwakoreshejwe kugira ngo byorohere abicanyi kugera kubo bashaka kwica? o Haba harabayeho kugerageza kwirwanaho kw'abicwaga mbere yuko bicwa? Niba ari yego cyangwa oya, Sobanura. o Ni hehe wibuka hiciwe abantu benshi mu karere mwari mutuyemo? Abamaze kwicwa bashyirwaga hehe? o Haba harabayeho ibikorwa by'iyicarubozo byakorerwaga Abatutsi bicwaga mu gihe cya Jenoside? Niba ari yego ni ibihe? Ni bande wibuka babikoze? Abo wibuka babikorewe ni bande? o Haba harabayeho gusibanganya ibimenyetso bya Jenoside mu gihe yashyirwaga mu bikorwa na nyuma yaho? Niba ari yego, byakorwaga bite? Ni bande babigizemo uruhare? Ingingo ya 7: Urutonde rw'abagize uruhare mu itegurwa n'ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi o Watubwira amazina y'abagize uruhare mu itegurwa n'ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu gace mwari mutuyemo?

CNLG_amateka_jenoside_ruh.pdf

312Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri Ingingo ya 8: Urutonde rw'abazize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi o Watubwira amazina y'abazize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu gace mwari mutuyemo? Ingingo ya 9: Ingaruka za Jenoside o Ni izihe ngaruka za Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi zikigaragara mu gace mutuyemo? Ingingo ya 10: Imibanire y'abatuye iyahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri nyuma ya Jenoside o Nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, ubona abaturage babanye bate? o Ese haba hari ibikorwa byo kwishishanya n'urwicyekwe bigaragara hagati y'abaturage mu gace mutuyemo? Niba ari yego, Ni ibihe? Ubona byaba biterwa n'iki? MURAKOZE

CNLG_amateka_jenoside_ruh.pdf

313Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri URUTONDE RW'ABATANGABUHAMYA KU MATEKA YA JENOSIDE YAKOREWE ABATUTSI MU YAHOZE ARI PEREFEGITURA YA RUHENGERI No AMAZINA Y'ABATANGABUHAMYA 1. AKIMANIZANYE Judith 2. AKIMANIZANYE Salama 3. BAGANAHE Ildéphonse 4. BANTEZIMINSI Albert 5. BARARWEREKANA Emmanuel 6. BATAMULIZA Mwamini 7. BAZAMARANA Joseph 8. BAZIRUSHAKA Athanase 9. BAZUBAGIRA Mariam 10. BIGIRINSHUTI Joseph 11. BUHIGIRO Cassien 12. BUSENI MUNYEJABO Enock 13. Col. MBARUSHIMANA Etienne alias BANTU 14. Col. NIZEYIMANA Wenceslas 15. GAFEBU Pierre Claver 16. GAKIGA Jean Chrysostome 17. GATANAZI Berchmans 18. HABIMANA Cyprien 19. HABIMANA Innocent 20. HARERIMANA Déogratias 21. HARERIMANA Ephigénie 22. HATEGEKIMANA Athanase 23. HODARI Jean Damascène 24. JURU Anastase 25. KANDINGA Marthe

CNLG_amateka_jenoside_ruh.pdf

314Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri 26. KANYARWUNGA Dieudoné 27. KARAMBIZI Donat 28. KASIRE Judith 29. KA VUMU Siméon 30. KAYISIRE Anastase 31. KAYITESI Chantal 32. Major NDAYAMBAJE Placide 33. MINANI François 34. MPAMO Thomas 35. MPERABAGABO Pierre 36. MPETA Ennias 37. MUHIMPUNDU Tabéa 38. MUKAGAKWAYA Julienne 39. MUKAMANA Alphonsine 40. MUKAMPFIZI Astérie 41. MUKAMPUNGA Claudine 42. MUKAMUGEMA Annonciata 43. MUKAMURENZI Séraphine 44. MUKAMURIGO Dévota 45. MUKAMUSONI Espérance 46. MUKANDANGA Primitive 47. MUKANKUSI Dorothée 48. MUKANKUSI Pascasie 49. MUKARUZIGA Valentine 50. MUKASONGA Perusi 51. MUKAYIZERA Marthe 52. MUNYANGANIZI Martin 53. MUNYARUGURU André 54. MURANGAMIRWA Théodore

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315Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri 55. MUREKEZI NIYONGABO Daniel 56. MUSABYIMANA Dorothé 57. MUTUYIMANA Marie Louise 58. MUTUYIMANA Mireille 59. NDAGIJIMANA Jean Bosco 60. NDAHIRO Vincent 61. NDAJIMANA Jerôme 62. NDANGUZA François 63. NDIBABAJE Assiel 64. NDUWAYEZU Elie 65. NGABONZIZA Damien 66. NGARUKIYINTWARI Jean Népomuscène 67. NGARUYE Ignace 68. NGEREJAHO Espérance 69. NIYONSABA Fabien 70. NIZEYIMANA Gabriel 71. NKIRANUYE Jean Damascène 72. NSABIMANA Alphonse 73. NSENGIMANA Alfred 74. NTACYONUNGUTSE Bélancille 75. NTAKAZARIMARA Bélancille 76. NTANTURO Elias 77. NTEZIYAREMYE Jonas 78. NTIBENDA Boniface 79. NTUNGIYEHE Gervais 80. NYIRABABERUKA Immaculée 81. NGIRABANYIGINYA Casimir 82. NYIRABARI Catherine 83. NYIRABEGA Godelive

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316Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri 84. NYIRACUMI Anne Marie 85. NYIRAGUHIRWA Laurence 86. NYIRAKAREHE Elina 87. NYIRAMAKUBA Josephine 88. NYIRAMATABARO Jeanne d'Arc 89. NYIRANEZA Berancille 90. NYIRANEZA Justine 91. NYIRARUNYANGE Agnès 92. NYIRASAFARI Sawira 93. NZABAZA Jean Pierre 94. NZAMUYE Adrien 95. NZANZIMANA Dasani 96. NZITABAKUZE Claver 97. Prof NSENGIMANA Joseph 98. Prof Senateur NKUSI Laurent 99. RUVUGABIGWI Hodar 100. RWANGARINDE Adrien 101. SAFARI Enock 102. SEBASORE Javan 103. SEMIKORE Pasteur 104. SENYANA Gaétan 105. SHARAMANZI Alphonse 106. SIBOMANA Samuel 107. SINANGUMURYANGO Moïse 108. TUYISHIME Charlotte 109. UWAMAHORO Espérance 110. UWAYEZU Immaculée 111. UWIMANA Thérèse 112. UWIMANA Josée

CNLG_amateka_jenoside_ruh.pdf

CNLG_isabukuru_amasezerano_jenoside.pdf

CNLG_isabukuru_amasezerano_jenoside.pdf

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CNLG_isabukuru_amasezerano_jenoside.pdf

CNLG_isabukuru_amasezerano_jenoside.pdf

CNLG_isabukuru_amasezerano_jenoside.pdf

CNLG_isabukuru_amasezerano_jenoside.pdf

CNLG_isabukuru_amasezerano_jenoside.pdf

CNLG_isabukuru_amasezerano_jenoside.pdf

CNLG_isabukuru_amasezerano_jenoside.pdf

CNLG_isabukuru_amasezerano_jenoside.pdf

CNLG_isabukuru_amasezerano_jenoside.pdf

CNLG_isabukuru_amasezerano_jenoside.pdf

CNLG_isabukuru_amasezerano_jenoside.pdf

CNLG_isabukuru_amasezerano_jenoside.pdf

CNLG_isabukuru_amasezerano_jenoside.pdf

REPUBULIKA Y'U RWANDA Komisiyo y'Igihugu yo Kurwanya Jenoside Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Genocide The National Commission for the Fight against Genocide (CNLG) JENOSIDE YAKOREWE ABATUTSI MU YAHOZE ARI PEREFEGITURA YA CYANGUGU Kigali 2019 Hotline: 3560 E-mail: administrator@cnlg. gov. rw Website: www. cnlg. gov. rw

CNLG_jenoside_cyangugu.pdf

CNLG_jenoside_cyangugu.pdf

Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu JENOSIDE YAKOREWE ABATUTSI MU YAHOZE ARI PEREFEGITURA YA CYANGUGU Kigali, 2019

CNLG_jenoside_cyangugu.pdf

CNLG_jenoside_cyangugu.pdf

i Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu IJAMBO RY'IBANZE Komisiyo y'Igihugu yo Kurwanya Jenoside (CNLG) iteganywa mu Itegekonshinga rya Repubulika y'u Rwanda ryo muri 2003 ryavuguruwe muri 2015 mu ngingo yaryo y'i 139. Komisiyo y'Igihugu yo Kurwanya Jenoside ni Urwego rwigenga rushinzwe kurwanya Jenoside n'ingengabitekerezo yayo. Gukora ubushakashatsi kuri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi biri mu nshingano za Komisiyo y'Igihugu yo Kurwanya Jenoside nk'uko biteganywa mu ngingo ya 2 y'Itegeko No 09/2007 ryo ku wa 16/02/2007 rigena inshingano, imiterere n'imikorere bya Komisiyo y'Igihugu yo Kurwanya Jenoside. Hashingiwe ku biteganywa muri iryo tegeko, CNLG yatangiye ubushakashatsi bwibanda ku kwandika amateka ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu zahoze ari Perefegitura z'u Rwanda mu 1994, hagaragazwa ibimenyetso byerekana itegurwa n'ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside, ingaruka zayo ku gihugu muri rusange no ku bacitse ku icumu by'umwihariko, imiterere y'ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside n'ingamba zo kuyirwanya. Kwandika amateka ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi bigamije kugaragaza ukuri no kubungabunga ibimenyetso byayo, duharanira ko Jenoside itazongera kubaho. Ni imwe kandi mu ntwaro zo kurwanya abayihakana n'abayipfobya, bikanakoma mu nkokora abagifite ingengabitekerezo yayo. Mu bushakashatsi bwakozwe kuri za jenoside zabaye ku isi, hagaragajwe ko kugira ngo Jenoside ishoboke igomba kuba ishyigikiwe na Leta. Leta igira umugambi n'ubushake bisesuye (intention ) byo gutsemba igice cy'abaturage bayo kandi ikanabishyira mu bikorwa. Nk'uko bisobanurwa n'Amasezerano y'Umuryango w'Abi- bumbye ahana akanakumira icyaha cya jenoside, yemejwe ku itariki ya 9 Ukuboza 1948, agashyirwa mu bikorwa kuva ku itariki ya 12 Mutarama 1951, ingingo yayo ya 2 ivuga ko “Jenoside bivuga kimwe mu bikorwa bikurikira gikozwe hagamijwe kurimbura abantu bose, cyangwa igice cyabo, bahuriye ku bwenegihugu, ku bwoko, ku ibara ry'uruhu cyangwa ku idini:

CNLG_jenoside_cyangugu.pdf

ii a) Kwica abantu bagize itsinda runaka; b) Gutera abantu bagize itsinda runaka ububabare bubazahaza umubiri cyangwa mu mitekerereze; c) Gushyira ku bushake abo bantu mu nzitane z'ubuzima zishobora gutuma bose cyangwa igice cyabo barimbuka; d) Gushyiraho ingamba zigamije kubabuza kubyara; e) Kwambura iryo tsinda abana baryo bagahabwa irindi ridafite aho bahuriye”. 1 Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda ni iya 3 yemewe n'Umuryango w'Abibumbye mu kinyejana cya 20, nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abayahudi yabaye hagati ya 1940-1945, igahitana ababarirwa hagati ya miliyoni eshanu (5. 000. 000) na miliyoni esheshatu (6. 000. 000). Hagati ya 1992 na 1995 habaye indi Jenoside muri Bosiniya yahitanye Abayisiramu ibihumbi mirongo itatu na bitanu (35. 000), ikozwe na Leta ya Seribiya. Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda yateguwe n'inzego z'ubuyobozi bukuru bwa Leta, yifashisha inzego zayo zitandukanye zirimo iza gisirikare, inzego za gisivili, inzego z'ibanze (Perefegitura, Superefegitura, Komini, Segiteri na Serire), itangazamakuru, amashyaka ya politiki, amadini n'urubyiruko. N'ubwo ariko Jenoside yateguwe ku rwego rw'igihugu, hari umwihariko wa buri perefegitura. Ni muri urwo rwego CNLG yakoze ubushakashatsi bugaragaza ku buryo bucukumbuye itegurwa n'ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. Ubushakashatsi ku mateka ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu bugaragaza ko Abatutsi bagiye batotezwa, bicwa, bavutswa uburenganzira kuva mu 1959. Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi muri Perefe- gitura ya Cyangugu bwafashe intera ikomeye mu 1963. Mu mpera z'uwo mwaka hishwe Abatutsi benshi ku mabwiriza ya Perefe wa Perefegitura ya Cyangugu Ngirabatware Pascal bitaga « Gahini », akaba yarakomokaga i Hanika mu yahoze ari Komini Gatare, ubu ni mu Karere ka Nyamasheke. 1 United Nation Convention on the Prevention and Punishmenent of the Crimes of Genocide (UNCPPCG), 1948, article 2.

CNLG_jenoside_cyangugu.pdf

iii Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu Mu 1973, Abatutsi bongeye kwibasirwa, birukanwa mu kazi no mu mashuri, abenshi barameneshwa bahungira mu bihugu bihana imbibi na Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. Imyaka ya 1963- 1964 na 1973 ni imyaka itazibagirana mu mibereho y'Abatutsi muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu kubera kwicwa, kwirukanwa mu mashuri no mu kazi, kwamburwa ibyabo n'ibindi. Kuva mu Ukwakira 1990, ubwo RPF-Inkotanyi yatangizaga urugamba rwo kubohora igihugu, Abatutsi baratotejwe cyane, bakorerwa ibikorwa by'urugomo, abenshi bafungwa bababeshyera ko ari ibyitso by'Inkotanyi. Kuva ubwo, hatangiye mu buryo bweruye ibikorwa byo gutegura Jenoside. Ubu bushakashatsi bugaragaza ko mu kunoza uwo mugambi habaye inyigisho zishishikariza Abahutu kwanga Abatutsi, kubatesha agaciro no kubakorera ibikorwa by'urugomo rwa hato na hato, guha abasivili imyitozo igamije kubashora mu bwicanyi, gutanga imbunda mu baturage no mu mitwe yitwara gisirikare n'ibindi, ku buryo byageze mu 1994 imyiteguro yose yaramaze kunozwa, hasigaye gusa gutanga amabwiriza y'itangizwa rya Jenoside. Ubu bushakashatsi bugaragaza kandi ko Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu ifite umwihariko harimo : -Kuba Jenoside yaramaze igihe kirekire (kugera mu mpera z'ukwezi kwa Kanama 1994); -Kuba Interahamwe zarakurikiranaga Abatutsi aho bahungiye hose kugera no mu bihugu by'ibituranyi (muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo no mu Burundi) zikabicirayo “Génocide au-delà des frontières ”, abandi zikabagarura zikabicira mu Rwanda; -Kuba amazi akikije Perefegitura ya Cyangugu (Ikiyaga cya Kivu, umugezi wa Rusizi, umugezi wa Ruhwa, umugezi wa Rubyiro n'umugezi wa Kirimbi) yarabereye imbogamizi abashakaga guhunga maze atuma Interahamwe zihicira benshi; -Kuba Cyangugu yarabaye inzira y'Interahamwe zahungiraga muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo ziturutse hirya no hino mu gihugu, ari na ko bagenda bica Abatutsi bakiriho;

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iv -Kuba Abatutsi barishwe ingabo z'Abafaransa zari muri “Opération Turquoise ” zirebera kandi byari byemejwe n'Akanama k'Umuryango w'Abibumbye gashinzwe Umute- kano ku isi ko baje mu bikorwa by'ubutabazi ku bari mu kaga; -Perefegitura ya Cyangugu ifite kandi umwihariko wo guturana n'igihugu cya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo (DRC) cyabaye indiri y'Interahamwe zitahwemye gukomeza kwimakaza ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside n'amacakubiri ashingiye ku moko, ingaruka zayo zikagera mu buryo bworoshye ku baturage ba Cyangugu. Iki gitabo kigaragaza kandi imyitwarire y'Ingabo z'Abafa- ransa zari muri “ Opération Turquoise ” mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu kuva muri Kamena 1994. Ubu bushakashatsi bugaragaza uburyo abo basirikare bakoranye bya hafi n'Interahamwe zicaga Abatutsi, ahenshi ubwicanyi bugakorwa barebera, aho banyuze kuri bariyeri Interahamwe ziciragaho Abatutsi bakazamura ibiganza bagaragaza ko babashyigikiye. Abo basirikare baranzwe kandi no gufata ku ngufu abari n'abategarugori bari bahungiye mu nkambi ya Nyarushishi n'ahandi. Muri rusange Abafaransa ntibari bazanywe no kurengera Abatutsi bicwaga muri Jenoside, bari bazanywe no guhagarika umuvuduko w'ingabo za FPR-Inkotanyi kuko byari bimaze kugaragara ko zirimo gutsinda ingabo za FAR ari na ko barokora Abatutsi bicwaga muri Jenoside. Kuba Perefegitura ya Cyangugu yari mu gice cyagizwe “ Zone Humanitaire Sûre (ZHS) ” cyagenzurwaga n'ingabo z'Abafaransa zari muri “Opération Turquoise ” hamwe na Leta yateguye ikanashyira mu bikorwa Jenoside, igice kitagombaga kuberamo imirwano, byahaye abicanyi umwanya uhagije wo kwica Abatutsi nta cyo bikanga. Ingabo z'Abafaransa zimaze kubona ko Leta n'ingabo baje gufasha urugamba batsinzwe, bafashije Interahamwe n'ingabo za FAR guhungira muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo kuva muri Nyakanga 1994.

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v Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu Muri Kanama 1994, abasirikare b'Abafaransa na bo bavuye muri Cyangugu, banyura muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo aho bongeye kubonana n'ingabo zari iza FAR n'Interahamwe, babongera ibikoresho, maze batangira gutegura bushya umugambi wo gutera u Rwanda. Umugambi wabo ariko ntiwashyizwe mu bikorwa kuko n'aho byageragejwe muri Perefegitura ya Gisenyi na Ruhengeri, Interahamwe zaneshejwe rugikubita. Komisiyo y'Igihugu yo Kurwanya Jenoside ishimira abatanze amakuru muri ubu bushakashatsi n'Inzego za Leta zafashije mu kubona inyandiko “Archives ” zifashishijwe. Ubu bushakashatsi bwakozwe n'umushakashatsi wa Komisiyo y'Igihugu yo Kurwanya Jenoside Bwana NIKUZE Donatien, buyobowe n'Umuyobozi Mukuru w'Ikigo cy'Ubushakashatsi n'Ububikoshakiro kuri Jenoside Dr GASANABO Jean-Damascène. Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa wa CNLG Dr BIZIMANA Jean Damascène yatanze inama n'umurongo ngenderwaho mu mikorere y'ubushakashatsi kandi afasha mu kubukosora no kubunoza. Dr. BIZIMANA Jean Damascène Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa

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vi AMAGAMBO AHINNYE YAKORESHEJWE ADL : Association pour la Défense des Droits de la Personne et des Libertés Publiques ADEPR : Association des Eglises Pentecôte au Rwanda. APPEMI : Association des Parents pour la Promotion et l'Education à Mibirizi. APROSOMA : Association pour la Promotion Sociale de la Masse. ARDHO : Association Rwandaise pour la Défense des Droits de l'Homme BEM : Brevet d'Etat-Major GD : Gendarme CDR : Coalition pour la Défense de la République CND : Conseil National de Développement CEA : Communauté Economique Africaine CERAI : Centre d'Enseignement Rural et Artisanal Intégré CICR : Comité International de la Croix-Rouge CIMERWA : Rwanda Cement Manufacturing Company CNUR : Commission Nationale pour l'Unité et la Réconciliation DRC : Democratic Republic of the Congo EAM : Ecole d'Assistance Médicale EAV : Ecole Agricole et Vétérinaire ENG : Ecole Normale de Gitega ESM : Ecole Supérieure Militaire FARG : Fond d'Assistance aux Réscapés du Génocide FAR : Forces Armées Rwandaises FRELIMO : Mozambique Liberation Front FRODEBU : Front pour la Démocratie au Burundi FRONASA : Front for National Salvation UNHCR : United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees FPR : Front Patriotique Rwandais MDR : Mouvement Démocratique Républicain MDPR : Mouvement Démocratique du Peuple pour la Réconciliation MLS : Mission Libre Suédoise

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vii Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu MINUAR : Mission des Nations Unies pour l'Assistance au Rwanda MRND : Mouvement Révolutionnaire National pour le Développement NRA : National Resistance Army ONATRACOM : Office National de Transports en Commun OPJ : Officiers de Police Judiciaire ONU : Organisation des Nations Unies OUA : Organisation de l'Unité Africaine PARMEHUTU : Parti du Mouvement de l'Emancipation Hutu PL : Parti Libéral PDC : Parti Démocrate Chrétien PDI : Parti Démocrate Islamique PSD : Parti Social Démocrate RADER : Rassemblement Démocratique Rwandais RPA : Rwanda Patriotic Army RTD : Rassemblement des Travailleurs Démocrates RTLM : Radio-Télévision Libre des Mille collines STIR : Société de Transports Internationaux au Rwanda TPIR : Tribunal Pénal International pour le Rwanda TTC : Teacher Training College UNAR : Union Nationale Rwandaise UNESCO : United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization UNINTERCOKI : Union des Intérêts Communs du Kinyaga/ Ubumwe bw'abasangiye inyungu bo mu Kinyaga UNLA : Uganda National Liberation Army ZHS : Zone Humanitaire Sûre

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viii ISHAKIRO IJAMBO RY'IBANZE. ...................................................................................... i AMAGAMBO AHINNYE YAKORESHEJWE. .......................................... vi ISHAKIRO.................................................................................................... viii IRIBURIRO. ..................................................................................................... 1 UBURYO BWAKORESHEJWE MU BUSHAKASHATSI. ....................... 6 IGICE CYA MBERE: PEREFEGITURA YA CYANGUGU. ..................... 8 1. 1. Amavu n'amavuko ya Perefegitura ya Cyangugu ............................ 8 1. 2. Imiterere ya Perefegitura ya Cyangugu mu 1994. ........................... 11 1. 2. 1. Imbibi za Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. .................................................. 11 1. 2. 2. Ikarita ya Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. ................................................ 12 1. 2. 3. Superefegitura na komini byari bigize Perefegitura ya Cyangugu.......... 13 1. 2. 4. Segiteri zari zigize Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. ................................ 13 1. 3. Perefegitura ya Cyangugu nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. 15 1. 4. Abayobozi ba Perefegitura ya Cyangugu mu gihe cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994. ................................................................. 16 1. 4. 1. Abayobozi bo ku rwego rwa perefegitura na superefegitura. 16 1. 4. 2. Abayobozi bo ku rwego rwa komini. ................................................... 17 1. 4. 3. Abayobozi bo ku rwego rwa segiteri. ................................................... 26 1. 5. Abayobozi bakuru mu nzego z'igihugu bakomokaga mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. ............................................................... 26 1. 5. 1. Abayobozi bakuru....................................................................................... 27 1. 5. 2. Abadepite.......................................................................................................... 30 1. 6. Abanyapolitiki bazwi ku rwego rw'igihugu. ........................................ 31 1. 7. Abayobozi mu nzego za gisirikare. ....................................................... 31 1. 8. Imibanire y'Abanyarwanda mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu 34 1. 8. 1. Mbere y'Ubukoloni. .................................................................................... 35 1. 8. 2. Mu gihe cy'Ubukoloni. ........................................................................... 35 1. 8. 2. 1. Umugambi w'Ababiligi wo guhirika ingoma ya Cyami. ....... 35 1. 8. 2. 1. 1. Kwambura Umwami Yuhi V Musinga ububasha n'icyubahiro. 36 1. 8. 2. 1. 2. Umwami Yuhi V Musinga acibwa ku ngoma akoherezwa i Kamembe muri Cyangugu. ....................................................... 39 1. 8. 2. 1. 2. Kwimakaza ubusumbane n'umwiryane mu Banyarwanda. 40 1. 8. 3. Nyuma y'ubwigenge. ................................................................................... 41

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ix Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu IGICE CYA KABIRI: IBIKORWA BY'URUGOMO N'UBWICANYI BYAKOREWE ABATUTSI MURI PEREFEGITURA YA CYANGUGU KUVA MU 1959 KUGERA MU 1990. .................................................... 45 2. 1. Ibikorwa by'urugomo n'ubwicanyi byakorewe Abatutsi kuva mu cyiswe Révolution Sociale yo mu 1959 kugera mu 1961. ... 45 2. 2.. Kwibasira no kwica Abatutsi muri Repubulika ya mbere (1962- 1973)......................................................................................49 2. 2. 1. Ibikorwa by'urugomo n'ubwicanyi byakorewe Abatutsi mu 1962 mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. ........................ 49 2. 2. 2. Ibikorwa by'urugomo n'ubwicanyi byakorewe Abatutsi mu 1963-1964 mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. ...... 50 2. 2. 3. Ibikorwa by'urugomo n'ubwicanyi byakorewe Abatutsi nyuma y'ibitero by'inyenzi mu Bugarama no mu Bweyeye mu 1963. 51 2. 2. 3. 1. Gufunga no kwica Abatutsi babeshyerwa kuba ibyitso by'Inyenzi. .............................................................................................. 53 2. 2. 3. 2. Gutwikira Abatutsi, kubamenesha no kwigabiza imitungo yabo. 62 2. 2. 3. 3. Gufunga abapadiri babashinja gushyigikira Abatutsi. ........ 64 2. 2. 4. Abamaganye ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi mu 1963. ........ 65 2. 2. 4. 1. Padiri Mukuru wa Paruwasi ya Nyamasheke Henri Bazot .... 65 2. 2. 4. 2. Musenyeri Bigirumwami Aloys wa Diyosezi ya Nyundo. ... 66 2. 2. 5. Ibisobanuro bya PARMEHUTU ku bwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi mu 1963. ................................................................................... 68 2. 2. 6. Umuco wo kudahana. ............................................................................ 69 2. 2. 7. Ihohoterwa ryakorewe Abatutsi mu 1965 mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. ....................................................................... 70 2. 2. 8. Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi mu 1967 mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. ....................................................................... 71 2. 2. 9. Ibikorwa by'urugomo n'ubwicanyi byakorewe Abatutsi mu 1973 mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. ......................... 72 2. 2. 9. 1. Iyirukanwa ry'Abatutsi mu mashuri mu 1973 no mu kazi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. ................................ 72 2. 2. 9. 1. 1. Kwirukana abakozi b'Abatutsi mu kazi. ................................ 73 2. 2. 9. 1. 2. Kwirukana abanyeshuri b'Abatutsi mu mashuri. .............. 76 -Kwirukana Abatutsi mu Ishuri ry'Abahungu ry'Abada- hinyuka ry'i Nyamasheke « Institut Saint Cyprien »........... 76 -Kwirukana Abatutsi mu ishuri ry'Abakobwa rya « Institut Sainte Famille » mu Mataba. ............................................. 79 -Kwirukana Abatutsi muri Collège Inférieur de Kibogora ...... 82

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x -Kwirukana Abatutsi bakomokaga mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu bigaga hirya no hino mu gihugu. ................................................................................................. 82 2. 2. 9. 2. Gukubita no gukomeretsa abapadiri kuri Paruwasi Gatolika ya Nyamasheke. .................................................................................. 82 2. 2. 9. 3. Gutwika no gusahura imitungo y'Abatutsi mu 1973 mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. ........................................ 84 2. 2. 9. 4. Ibikorwa by'urugomo n'ubwicanyi byakorewe Abatutsi mu 1973 byari byateguwe. ......................................................................... 84 2. 2. 10. Ibikorwa by'urugomo n'ubwicanyi byakorewe Abatutsi kuri Repubulika ya kabiri kugera mu 1990. ...................................... 86 IGICE CYA GATATU: IBIKORWA BY'URUGOMO N'UBWICANYI BYAKOREWE ABATUTSI MURI PEREFEGITURA YA CYANGUGU MU GIHE CY'URUGAMBA RWO KUBOHORA IGIHUGU. ................ 88 3. 1. Gutoteza Abatutsi mu gihe cyo gushyingura Fred Rwigema. ... 90 3. 2. Guhohotera Abatutsi binyuze mu gukora amarondo no kugenzura kuri bariyeri. ........................................................................... 92 3. 3. Gufata no gufunga Abatutsi babita ibyitso by'Inkotanyi kuva mu 1990. ....................................................................................................... 93 3. 4. Gufata no gufunga Abatutsi babita ibyitso by'Inkotanyi ni umugambi wari wateguwe kandi ushyirwa mu bikorwa n'abategetsi. ............ 102 3. 5. Ifungurwa ry'abafunzwe mu byitso................................................... 104 3. 6. Kwirukana Abatutsi mu kazi babeshyerwa kuba ibyitso by'Inkotanyi. ............................................................................................... 105 3. 7. Ivangura ry'amoko no kwibasira Abatutsi muri Segiteri Nyamuhunga ho muri Komini Karengera. ..................................... 106 3. 8. Gutoteza imiryango ifite abana b'abasore bavuga ko bajya mu Nkotanyi. ...................................................................................................... 110 3. 9. Ibikorwa by'urugomo n'ubwicanyi byakozwe mu gihe cy'amashyaka menshi. ............................................................................ 112 3. 9. 1. Muri Komini Kamembe na Gisuma. .............................................. 113 3. 9. 2. Muri Komini Cyimbogo na Gishoma. ............................................ 114 3. 9. 3. Muri Komini Nyakabuye na Bugarama. ...................................... 117 3. 9. 4. Muri Komini Gafunzo. ......................................................................... 120 3. 9. 5. Muri Komini Kagano, Kirambo na Gatare. ................................. 121 3. 10. Ibikorwa by'urugomo n'ubwicanyi byakorewe Abatutsi babeshyerwa gutega ibisasu bya mines mu bice bitandukanye bya Perefegitura ya Cyangugu kuva mu 1992. .......................... 124 Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu

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xi 3. 10. 1. Muri Komini Gafunzo. ......................................................................124 3. 10. 2. Muri Komini Kirambo. ...................................................................... 125 3. 10. 3. Muri Komini Kagano.......................................................................... 125 3. 11. Ibibazo by'urugomo n'ubugizi bwa nabi muri Superefegitura ya Rwesero byahagurukije abayobozi bakuru b'Igihugu. ...... 127 3. 12. Ibikorwa by'urugomo byakorewe Abatutsi nyuma y'Urupfu rwa Perezida w'i Burundi mu 1993. ................................................. 129 3. 13. Ibikorwa by'urugomo n'ubwicanyi byakorewe Abatutsi muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu nyuma y'urupfu rwa Perezida wa CDR Bucyana Martin. ........................................................................... 132 3. 14. Kwica Abatutsi bya hato na hato bazira amaherere. ............... 135 3. 15. Ibikorwa by'urugomo n'itotezwa byakorewe Abatutsi mu Ruganda rw'Icyayi rwa Shagasha. ................................................. 135 3. 16. Ibikorwa by'urugomo n'itotezwa byakorewe Abatutsi mu Ruganda rw'Icyayi rwa Gisakura. ....................................................... 137 3. 17. Ibikorwa by'urugomo n'itotezwa byakorewe Abatutsi mu Ruganda rwa CIMERWA.......................................................................... 138 IGICE CYA KANE: UBURYO BWAKORESHEJWE MU GUTEGURA JENOSIDE YAKOREWE ABATUTSI MU 1994 PEREFEGITURA MURI YA CYANGUGU. ............................................................................. 141 4. 1. Kwigisha abakozi bose muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu gukoresha imbunda no kuzibaha. ..................................................... 141 4. 2. Gushyiraho umutwe w'Interahamwe mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. ................................................................................................... 142 4. 2. 1. Inzego z'ubuyobozi bw'Interahamwe mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. ............................................................................................... 143 4. 2. 1. 1. Ku rwego rwa Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. ................................. 143 4. 2. 1. 2. Ku rwego rwa komini. ..................................................................... 143 4. 3. Gutoza no kwigisha imitwe yitwara gisirikare gukoresha imbunda. ...................................................................................................... 148 4. 4. Gutanga ibikoresho by'ubwicanyi mu mitwe yitwara gisirikare no mu baturage. ......................................................................................... 155 4. 5. Gutegura amalisiti y'Abatutsi bagombaga kwicwa. .................... 160 4. 6. Gushyiraho bariyeri ziciweho Abatutsi mu 1994. ....................... 162 4. 7. Uruhare rw'amashyaka mu gukwirakwiza ingengabitekerezo y'urwango no gushishikariza Abahutu kwitabira Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. .................. 167 4. 7. 1. Mouvement Démocratique Républicain .............................................. 167 4. 7. 2. Impuzamugambi Ziharanira Repubulika..................................... 169 4. 8. Gukangurira ubufatanye hagati y'ubutegetsi n'amashyaka

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xii muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. ......................................................... 172 4. 9. Kwihuriza hamwe kw'amashyaka atavuga rumwe mu cyiswe Hutu Power no kunoza umugambi wa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi......................................................................................................... 173 4. 10. Uruhare rw'itangazamakuru mu gukwirakwiza ingengabitekerezo y'urwango no gushishikariza Abahutu kwitabira Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. ....................................... 174 4. 10. 1. Uruhare rwa Kangura. ...................................................................... 174 4. 10. 2. Uruhare rwa RTLM................................................................ 176 4. 11. Inama zitegura Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. ..................................................................... 177 4. 11. 1. Ku rwego rwa perefegitura. ............................................................... 178 4. 11. 1. 1. Mitingi ya MRND yo ku wa 7 Gashyantare 1993. ............. 178 4. 11. 1. 2. Inama yo ku wa 14 Mutarama 1994. ..................................... 179 4. 11. 1. 3. Inama yabereye mu Ntemabiki kuri Hotel Ituze nyuma y'urupfu rwa Bucyana Martin. .................................................... 179 4. 11. 1. 4. Inama yo ku wa 11 Mata 1994 yayobowe na Perefe Bagambiki Emmanuel. ................................................................. 180 4. 11. 1. 5. Inama yo ku wa 18 Mata 1994 yayobowe na Perefe Bagambiki Emmanuel. ................................................................. 182 4. 11. 1. 6. Inama yo ku wa 25 Mata 1994 yayobowe na Perefe Bagambiki Emmanuel. ................................................................. 182 4. 11. 1. 7. Inama yo ku wa 2 Gicurasi 1994 yayobowe na Minisitiri Mbangura Daniel. ............................................................................... 184 4. 11. 1. 8. Inama zayobowe na Perezida wa Repubulika Sindikubwabo Théodore. .................................................. 184 4. 11. 1. 8. 1. Inama yo ku wa 17 Gicurasi 1994 yayobowe na Perezida Sindikubwabo Théodore. ............................................... 185 4. 11. 1. 8. 2. Inama yo ku wa 10 Kamena 1994 yayobowe na Perezida wa Repubulika Sindikubwabo Théodore. .................... 186 4. 11. 2. Ku rwego rwa komini. ....................................................................... 187 4. 11. 2. 1. Inama yo ku wa 12 Mata 1994 yabereye muri Komini Gishoma. ................................................................................................. 187 4. 11. 2. 2. Inama yo ku wa 12 Mata 1994 yabereye muri Komini Gisuma. ............................................................................................. 189 Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu 4. 11. 2. 3. Inama yo ku wa 12 Mata 1994 yabereye muri Komini Nyakabuye. ....................................................................................... 190

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xiii 4. 11. 2. 4. Izindi nama. ..................................................................................... 191 IGICE CYA GATANU: ISHYIRWA MU BIKORWA RYA JENOSIDE YAKOREWE ABATUTSI MU YAHOZE ARI PEREFEGITURA YA CYANGUGU. ............................................................................................... 193 5. 1. Ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Komini Kamembe. ............................................................. 194 5. 1. 1. Ishusho rusange y'ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Komini Kamembe. ........... 194 5. 1. 2. Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi muri Stade Kamarampaka no mu nkengero zayo. ......................................................................... 195 5. 1. 3. Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi mu Mujyi wa Kamembe. ... 201 5. 1. 4. Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi mu Kadasomwa. ................... 203 5. 1. 5. Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi kuri Paruwasi Gatolika ya Nkanka ...................................................................................................... 205 5. 2. Ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Komini Cyimbogo. ............................................................... 209 5. 2. 1. Ishusho rusange y'ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Komini Cyimbogo. ........... 209 5. 2. 2. Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi ku mashuri abanza ya Nyakanyinya ........................................................................................... 211 5. 2. 3. Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi kuri ADEPR Gihundwe. ..... 212 5. 2. 4. Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi kuri Paruwasi Gatolika ya Mibirizi ...................................................................................................... 214 5. 3. Ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Komini Gishoma. ................................................................. 224 5. 3. 1. Ishusho rusange y'ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Komini Gishoma. .................................. 224 5. 4. Ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Komini Bugarama. .............................................................. 225 5. 4. 1. Ishusho rusange y'ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Komini Bugarama. ......... 226 5. 4. 2. Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi mu Ruganda rwa CIMERWA no mu nkengero zarwo. ...................................................................... 227 5. 5. Ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Komini Nyakabuye. ............................................................ 230 5. 5. 1. Ishusho rusange y'ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Komini Nyakabuye. ........ 230 5. 5. 2. Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi kuri Komini Nyakabuye. ... 230 5. 5. 3. Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi ku musozi wa Nyarushishi. 231 5. 5. 3. 1. Itariki ya 23 Kamena 1994: umunsi utazibagirana ku

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xiv Batutsi barokokeye i Nyarushishi. ........................................... 234 5. 5. 3. 2. Inkambi ya Nyarushishi nyuma yo kuza kw'Abafaransa ..... 237 5. 5. 3. 3. Ifungwa ry'Inkambi ya Nyarushishi. .......................................... 237 5. 6. Ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Komini Karengera. .............................................................. 238 5. 6. 1. Ishusho rusange y'ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Komini Karengera. .......... 239 5. 6. 2. Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi kuri Paruwasi Gatolika ya Mwezi no kuri Komini Karengera................................................... 239 5. 6. 3. Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi muri Santeri ya Nyamuhunga. ........................................................................................ 240 5. 6. 4. Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi kuri Paruwasi Gatolika ya Nyabitimbo .................................................................................................... 241 5. 6. 5. Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi ku rusengero rwa ADEPR Bweyeye. ........................................................................................................ 243 5. 7. Ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Komini Gisuma. ................................................................... 246 5. 7. 1. Ishusho rusange y'ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Komini Gisuma. ................. 246 5. 7. 2. Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi ku rusengero rwa ADEPR Ntura. ......................................................................................................... 247 5. 7. 3. Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi mu bitaro bya Bushenge .... 247 5. 7. 4. Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi ku musozi wa Kidashira. 248 5. 7. 5. Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi mu Ruganda rwa Shagasha .... 249 5. 7. 6. Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi ku kibuga cya Gashirabwoba. 250 5. 8. Ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Komini Gafunzo. .................................................................. 253 5. 8. 1. Ishusho rusange y'ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Komini Gafunzo. .............. 254 5. 8. 2. Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi kuri Paruwasi Gatolika ya Shangi. ...................................................................................................... 254 5. 8. 3. Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi mu Kigo Nderabuzima cya Muyange. ....................................................................................................... 262 Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu 5. 8. 4. Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi kuri Segiteri Mukoma. ....... 263 5. 8. 5. Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi ku rusengero rw'Abadivantisiti b'Umunsi wa Karindwi rwa Mukoma. ............................................. 263 5. 8. 6. Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi muri Kinunga i Nyabitekeri. 264 5. 8. 7. Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi muri Segiteri Mugera. ........ 265

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xv 5. 9. Ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Komini Kagano. ................................................................... 265 5. 9. 1. Ishusho rusange y'ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Komini Kagano.................. 265 5. 9. 2. Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi mu ruganda rw'Icyayi rwa Gisakura. ................................................................................................... 267 5. 9. 3. Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi kuri Superefegitura ya Rwesero. .................................................................................................. 268 5. 9. 4. Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi kuri Paruwasi Gatolika ya Nyamasheke. ........................................................................................... 269 5. 10. Ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Komini Kirambo. ............................................................... 277 5. 10. 1. Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi kuri Komini Kirambo. ...... 277 5. 10. 2. Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi mu bitaro bya Kibogora. 278 5. 10. 3. Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi kuri ADEPR Paruwasi ya Tyazo. ......................................................................................... 279 5. 10. 4. Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi mu Murenge wa Rangiro. ... 281 5. 10. 5. Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi mu Murenge wa Cyato. ......... 282 5. 11. Ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Komini Gatare. .................................................................. 284 5. 11. 1. Ishusho rusange y'ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Komini Gatare. ............... 284 5. 11. 2. Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi kuri Paruwasi Gatolika ya Hanika. .................................................................................................... 286 5. 12. Ibikorwa by'iyicarubozo n'ubugome bw'indengakamere byakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari perefegitura ya cyangugu. ....................................................................................................... 290 5. 12. 1. Iyicarubozo ryakorewe Abatutsi mu Gatandara. ................... 291 5. 12. 2. Iyicarubozo ryakorewe Abatutsi i Mutongo kuri Poids Lourd ................................................................................................................... 293 5. 12. 3. Iyicarubozo ryakorewe Abatutsi mu Murenge wa Gikundamvura. .................................................................................... 293 5. 12. 4. Iyicarubozo ryakorewe Abatutsi ku musozi wa Rukungu ...... 293 5. 13. Ikigereranyo cy'Abatutsi bishwe muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. ................. 294 5. 14. Bamwe mu bagize uruhare mu kurokora Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. ............................................................. 295 IGICE CYA GATANDATU: ABAGIZE URUHARE MU ITEGURWA N'ISHYIRWA MU BIKORWA RYA JENOSIDE YAKOREWE ABATUTSI MU YAHOZE ARI PEREFEGITURA YA CYANGUGU. .. 302

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xvi 6. 1. Abategetsi ku rwego rw'igihugu. ....................................................... 302 6. 2. Abategetsi ku rwego rwa perefegitura na superefegitura. ...... 306 6. 3. Abategetsi ku rwego rwa komini. .......................................................... 312 6. 4. Abayobozi mu nzego z'ubutabera....................................................... 321 6. 5. Abayobozi mu nzego za gisirikare, polisi na jandarumori. ..... 323 6. 6. Abayobozi b'imitwe yitwara gisirikare. ............................................... 326 6. 7. Abayobozi b'inganda muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. ......................... 330 6. 8. Ababaye abayobozi mu nzego nkuru z'igihugu bakomoka mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu bahakaba bakanapfobya Jenoside. ........................................................................................................ 333 6. 9. Uruhare rw'impunzi z'Abarundi muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. ..................... 336 6. 10. Uruhare rw'Abihayimana muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. ................................... 339 6. 11. Uruhare rw'Abihayimana bakomoka muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu mu ipfobya n'ihakana rya Jenoside. ......................... 344 6. 12. Uruhare rw'ingabo z'Abafaransa muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. ................. 350 6. 12. 1. Igenda ry'ingabo z'amahanga zirimo n'iz'Abafaransa zari zisanzwe mu Rwanda. ...................................................................... 350 6. 12. 2. Opération Turquoise ................................................................................... 351 6. 12. 3. Uruhare rw'ingabo z'Abafaransa zari muri Opération Turquoise muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. .......................................................... 354 6. 12. 4. Gukorana n'abicanyi bashyiraga mu bikorwa Jenoside..... 354 6. 12. 5. Kwigisha Interahamwe gusibanganya ibimenyetso bya Jenoside. ................................................................................................ 357 6. 12. 6. Kurebera ubwicanyi bwakomeje gukorerwa Abatutsi mu Nkambi ya Nyarushishi. .......................................................... 358 6. 12. 7. Gusambanya abakobwa n'abagore ku ngufu. ....................... 359 6. 12. 8. Kurebera Interahamwe zisenya ibikorwa remezo. ................ 362 Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu 6. 12. 9. Gusahura ........................................................................................... 362 6. 12. 10. Kubungabunga umutekano w'abayobozi, abasirikare ba FAR n'Interahamwe bahungira muri Kongo. ....................... 363 6. 12. 11. Gushishikariza Abaturage guhunga igihugu. ...................... 364 6. 13. Gutsindwa k'umugambi w'u Bufaransa no kuva mu yahoze ari Cyangugu. ........................................................................................... 366 IGICE CYA KARINDWI: UMWIHARIKO WA JENOSIDE YAKOREWE

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xvii ABATUTSI MU YAHOZE ARI PEREFEGITURA YA CYANGUGU. .. 368 7. 1. Abicanyi bagize umwanya uhagije wo gushyira mu bikorwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi (Jenoside yamaze igihe kirekire). .. 368 7. 2. Gukurikirana no kwica Abatutsi bahungiye mu bihugu bihana imbibi na Perefegitura ya Cyangugu (Génocide au-delà des frontières )............................................................................................. 371 7. 2. 1. Gukurikirana no kwica Abatutsi bahungiye muri Repubulika iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo. .................................................... 371 7. 2. 2. Gukurikirana no kwica Abatutsi bahungiye i Burundi......... 374 7. 3. Amazi akikije Cyangugu yabujije Abatutsi guhunga.................. 375 7. 4. Extremisme des parties politiques .......................................................... 376 7. 5. Iyicarubozo rikabije. ................................................................................ 376 7. 6. Gukusanyiriza Abatutsi mu Nkambi. ............................................... 377 7. 7. Ibirindiro bya Opération Turquoise .......................................................... 377 7. 8. Interahamwe zagiye kwica no hanze ya Cyangugu ku Kibuye ku musozi wa Kizenga no mu Bisesero. .......................................... 378 7. 9. Kuba abayobozi bakuru b'Igihugu baranyuze i Cyangugu bahunga........................................................................................................ 379 IGICE CYA MUNANI: INGARUKA ZA JENOSIDE YAKOREWE ABATUTSI N'UBUMWE N'UBWIYUNGE MU YAHOZE ARI PEREFEGITURA YA CYANGUGU. ........................................................ 381 8. 1. Ingaruka za Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. ......................................381 8. 1. 1. Zimwe mu ngaruka zatewe na Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. 381 8. 1. 2. Ibyakozwe mu guhangana n'ingaruka za Jenoside. ................ 382 8. 1. 3. . Ingaruka za Jenoside zicyigaragaza nyuma y'imyaka 25 Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ihagaritswe. ................................... 383 8. 2. Imiterere y'ingengabiterekerezo ya jenoside mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. ........................................................................ 384 8. 2. 1. Ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside mbere ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi..................................................................................................... 385 8. 2. 2. Ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside mu gihe cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. ............................................................................... 387 8. 2. 3. Ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. ................................................................................... 389 8. 2. 4. Ingamba zo kurwanya ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. ............................................. 392 8. 3. Ubumwe n'ubwiyunge mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. ......................................................................................................... 393 8. 3. 1. Imibanire y'abatuye Perefegitura ya Cyangugu nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. ........................................................... 393

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xviii 8. 3. 2. Uruhare rw'Inkiko Gacaca mu guca umuco wo kudahana no gushimangira ubumwe n'ubwiyunge. ................................... 396 8. 3. 3. Uruhare rwa Padiri Rugirangoga Ubald mu gushimangira ubumwe n'ubwiyunge mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. ................................................................................................. 398 UMWANZURO. ................................................................................................ 401 IBITABO N'INYANDIKO BYIFASHISHIJWE..................................... 407 UMUGEREKA............................................................................................. 415 1. INYANDIKO Z'UBUYOBOZI ZIFASHISHIJWE MURI UBU BUSHAKASHATSI. ............................................................................... 415 2. URUTONDE RW'ABATANZE UBUHAMYA MURI UBU BUSHAKASHATSI. ............................................................................... 455 3. ABAKONSEYE BATEGEKAGA SEGITERI ZARI ZIGIZE PEREFEGITURA YA CYANGUGU MU 1994 N'URUHARE BAGIZE MURI JENOSIDE YAKOREWE ABATUTSI. ................. 462

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1 Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu IRIBURIRO Kuva mu gihe cy'ubukoloni cyane cyane ku bw'Ababiligi (kuva mu 1926), Abakoloni bagendeye kuri politiki yabo yo gucamo abo basanze ibice kugira ngo biborohere kubayobora. Nibwo bafashe ibyiciro by'imibereho y'Abanyarwanda, babihinduramo amoko yiswe Hutu, Tutsi na Twa. Ibyo byashimangiwe mu 1932 ubwo bashyiragaho ikarita ndangamuntu bitaga IBUKU (book = igitabo) yanditsemo ubwoko, buri wese akayitwaza aho agiye hose. Umwanditsi Nizeyimana Innocent asobanura ko iyo ndangamuntu yatanzwe n'Ababiligi yari igizwe n'amapaji 16, ku ipaji ya 2 na 4 akaba ariho handitse ubwoko. Kuva ubwo Abakoloni bahise baca iteka ko umwana wese uvutse azajya afata ubwoko bw'uwo akomotseho. 2 Mbere y'Ababiligi, ibyo byiciro by'Abanyarwanda byabanaga neza mu mahoro, ariko kugirango ubutegetsi bw'Abakoloni bushinge imizi, bashyize imbere ibitandukanyaga Abanyarwanda nk'intwaro ya politiki yabo ya “ divide and rule ” bishatse kuvuga “tubatanye kugira ngo tubayobore”. 3 Kuva mu 1957, ibintu byatangiye kuba bibi cyane ubwo hadukaga ibitekerezo bibiri bihanganye bivuga uko u Rwanda rugomba kubaho. Igitekerezo cya mbere gihagarariwe n'Inama Nkuru y'Igihugu cyanengaga bikabije uburyo u Bubiligi bwayoboye u Rwanda. Bityo bagasaba ko haba impinduramatwara igaragara, igihugu kigahabwa ubwigenge. Igitekerezo cya kabiri cyari gihagarariwe n'abantu bamwe b'Abahutu bize cyane cyane mu Iseminari, cyashimaga ibyagezweho n'Ababiligi mu Rwanda, kikagaya akarengane n'imitegekere mibi bavugaga ko Abatutsi bakorera Abahutu, kigasaba ko Ubwigenge buba buretse, ko igikenewe ari ukuvana Abatutsi ku butegetsi. Ibyo bitekerezo byombi byerekana ko hari ukutumvikana gukomeye. Ku itariki ya 22 Gashyantare 1957, bamwe mu bagize Inama Nkuru y'Igihugu batangaje inyandiko yitwa: “ La mise au point ”. Iyo nyandiko yasabaga ko ubutegetsi bwa gikoloni 2 Nizeyimana Innocent, « Ubumwe bw'Abanyarwanda mu mateka yabo. Igice cya mbere: Ubukoroni n'Amacakubiri mu Rwanda, Kigali, 2015, urupapuro rwa 139 3 Shyaka Anastase, Conflits en Afrique des Grands Lacs et Esquisse de leur Résolution, Varsovie, Ed. Académiques v Dialog c, 2003.

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2 buhindura imikorere kandi bukarushaho gukorana n'Abanya- rwanda. Iyo nyandiko nta gisubizo cya Leta Mbiligi yahawe ku mugaragaro. Igisubizo gikomeye cyatanzwe n'agaco k'abitwaga aba “evoluwe (abajijutse) ”, barimo Abahutu bize biyise abayobozi b'Abahutu. Ni bo bishyize hamwe maze basohora ku itariki ya 24 Werurwe 1957 inyandiko bise “ Note sur l'aspect social du problème racial indigène au Ruanda ”, inyandiko yamenyekanye cyane ku inyito ya “ Manifeste des Bahutu ”. Muri iyo nyandiko basabaga umwami gusaranganya ubutegetsi, ubukungu, imirimo n'amashuri mu bana bose b'igihugu, kubera ko bavugaga ko byihariwe n'Abatutsi gusa. Iyo nyandiko yahise ihindura isura y'impaka za politiki zariho, ikibazo kiva ku bukoloni ahubwo kiba icy'Abahutu n'Abatutsi. Mu by'ukuri “ Manifeste des Bahutu ” yanditswe igamije gusubiza inyandiko ya “ La mise au point ” kuko yayivuguruzaga. “ La mise au point ” yanengaga Ububiligi, kandi yari yishyize mu murongo w'abaharanira ubwigenge. “ Manifeste des Bahutu ” yo yasingizaga Ababiligi, maze ibibazo ikabyerekeza ku Bahutu bahanganye n'Abatutsi. 4 Ayo mayeri yaje gutsinda maze ashyira igorora abagendera ku irondabwoko, ari ryo Leta yashingiyeho kuva mu 1959. Muri iyo myaka kandi ni bwo havutse amashyaka ya politiki yubakiye ku ivangurabwoko. Hashingiwe ku biteganywa n'itegeko teka No 11/234 ryo ku wa 8 Gicurasi 1959 rigenga amashyirahamwe, ryemejwe n'iteka no 111/105 ryo ku wa 15 Kanama 1959, amashyaka ya politiki yemerewe gukora ku mugaragaro mu 1959, kubera ko hagombaga kuba amatora mu mpera z'uwo mwaka nk'uko itegeko teka ryo mu 1952 ryabiteganyaga. Kuva muri Nzeri 1959 kugeza muri Gicurasi 1960 havutse amashyaka menshi ya Politiki harimo ane (4) yakoreye mu gihugu hose ariyo (1) Ishyirahamwe ryo Guteza Imbere Imibereho ya Rubanda Nyamwinshi (APROSOMA)5, (2) Ishyaka 4 Komisiyo y'Igihugu y'Ubumwe n'Ubwiyunge, Amateka y'u Rwanda. Kuva mu ntangiriro kugera mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya XX, Kigali, 2016, p. 335 5 Ishyirahamwe ryo Guteza imbere Imibereho ya Rubanda Rugufi (APROSOMA: Association pour la Promotion Sociale de la Masse ) ryagiyeho mu Ugushyingo 1957. Iryo shyirahamwe ryahindutse ishyaka rya politiki ku wa 15 Gashyantare 1959. Perezida waryo yari Habyarimana Joseph bitaga Gitera wabaye umunyapolitiki wa mbere wasabye urubyiruko rw'Abahutu gufata imipanga bagatsemba Abatutsi yitaga“igisebe cy'umufunzo, umusundwe ku mubiri na Kanseri mu gifu”. Yabwiraga urubyiruko rw'Abahutu ngo: “mwibuke ko uwica imbeba atababarira n'ihaka (Murego Donat (1975), La Révolution Rwandaise. 1959- 1962. Essai d'interprétation. Thèse de doctorat,Bruxelles, 1975, paji 897)

CNLG_jenoside_cyangugu.pdf

3 Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu ry'Abashyirahamwe b'u Rwanda (UNAR)6, (3) Ihuriro rya Demokarasi Ridasumbanya Abanyarwanda (RADER)7, (4) n'Ishyaka rya PARMEHUTU8. Uretse amashyaka yakoreraga mu gihugu hose yavuzwe haruguru,harikandin'udushyakaduto cyangwaamashyirahamwe akorera mu bice bimwe na bimwe by'Igihugu agera kuri 16. Muri ayo mashyaka y'uturere, Teritwari ya Shangugu yari ifite ishyirahamwe riharanira inyungu z'Abanyacyangugu ryitwa UNINTERCOKI (Union des Intérêts Communs du Kinyaga : Ubumwe bw'Abasangiye Inyungu bo mu Kinyaga). 9 Mu mikorere y'ayo mashyaka, PARMEHUTU na APROSOMA zamamaye mu gushimangira ivangura rishingiye ku bwoko, ingengabitekerezo y'urwango ihabwa intebe. Muri icyo gihe, Abakoloni b'Ababiligi bashyigikiye iyo ngengabitekerezo maze guhera ku wa 1 Ugushyingo 1959 Abatutsi baricwa, baratwikirwa, barasahurwa, abandi bameneshwa mu gihugu bahungira mu mahanga. Guhera ubwo ivangura n'ihohoterwa ryakorerwaga Abatutsi riba igikorwa cya Leta gikorwa ku mugaragaro, kandi nta nkurikizi. Ahubwo akenshi abahohoteraga Abatutsi bakagororerwa kwigabiza imitungo yabo no guhabwa imyanya ikomeye mu buyobozi bw'igihugu. 6 Ishyaka ry'Abashyirahamwe b'u Rwanda (UNAR: Union Nationale Rwandaise ) ryavutse muri Gicurasi 1959, rishyirwa ku mugaragaro tariki ya 3 Nzeri 1959. UNAR yari ishyaka ryashinzwe n'Umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa. Iryo shyaka ryifuzaga ko Abanyarwanda bose bariyoboka nta vanguramoko. Perezida waryo yari Rukeba F. Abayobozi b'iryo shyaka barimo kandi Michel Kayihura, Pierre Mungarurire, Chrysostome Rwangombwa, Padiri A. Ruterandongozi, Michel Rwagasana, Jean Rutsindintwarane, n'abandi. Abatware bari muri iryo shyaka bagize uruhare runini mu kwandika inyandiko yavuzwe haruguru yiswe “Mise au Point”. 7 Ihuriro rya Demokarasi Ridasumbanya Abanyarwanda (RADER: Rassemblement Democratique Rwandais ), ryashinzwe tariki 14 Nzeri 1959. RADER yari ishyaka ritavuga rumwe na UNAR y'Umwami Mutara. RADER yashakaga kuba ishyaka ryo hagati ya UNAR n'amashyaka y'Abahutu. Perezida waryo yari Bwanakweri Prosper. Abayobozi b'iryo shayaka barimo kandi P. Mugunga, A. Karekezi, Chr Ntoranyi, Ndazaro Lazare na Rwigemera Etiène mukuru wa Rudahigwa wasimbuye umwami Musinga. 8 Ishyaka rya PARMEHUTU (Parti du Mouvement de l'Emancipation Hutu ), ryavutse tariki ya 9 Ukwakira 1959, riba ishyaka rya politiki ku mugaragaro tariki ya 18 Ukwakira 1959. PARMEHUTU yasimbuye ishyirahamwe ryitwaga “Mouvement Social Muhutu” ryasheshwe mu 1957. Perezida wa PARMEHUTU yari Kayibanda Grégoire. Abayobozi b'iryo shayaka barimo kandi Maximilien Niyonzima na Calliope Mulindahabi. Iryo shyaka ryari rigizwe ahanini n'Abahutu bize i Gitarama barimo Balthazar Bicamumpaka wo mu Ruhengeri, Lazare Mpakaniye wo ku Gisenyi, Dominiko Mbonyumutwa, Anastase Makuza wo ku Gikongoro, Rusingizandekwe Otto, Jean Baptiste Rwasibo, Gaspard Cyimana, Jean Habyarimana, Théodore Gashugi, Wellaris Banzi wo ku Gisenyi, Gaspard Rwagahirima n'abandi. Kuva rikivuka, ishyaka rya PARMEHUTU ryifashishije abazungu n'abakoloni n'abamisiyoneri bangaga ubwoko bw'Abatutsi urunuka. PARMEHUTU yibonaga nk'ishyaka rivuganira Abahutu, rivuga ko bakandamijwe n'ubutegetsi bwa Cyami n'ubw'Abakoloni; ikamagana icyo yitaga “ubukoloni bw'Abatutsi”, isaba ko bwarangira kugira ngo haboneke ubwigenge; ni cyo yitaga demokarasi itandukanye n'ubwigenge, ariho havuye imvugo ngo: “mbere na mbere demokarasi, ubwigenge nyuma”. Abatware bari muri iryo shyaka bagize uruhare runini mu kwandika inyandiko yavuzwe haruguru ya “Manifeste des Bahutu. ” 9 Komisiyo y'Igihugu y'Ubumwe n'Ubwiyunge, Amateka y'u Rwanda. Kuva mu ntangiriro kugera mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya XX, Kigali, 2016, p. 387-390

CNLG_jenoside_cyangugu.pdf

4 Iyo ngengabitekerezo y'ivangura yimakajwe na Leta yagiyeho nyuma y'uko u Rwanda rubonye ubwigenge ku itariki ya 01 Nyakanga 1962. Aho gukosora amateka mabi yasizwe n'Abakoloni, ubutegetsi bwa Perezida Kayibanda Grégoire (1962-1973) wasimbuwe na Perezida Habyarimana Juvénal (1973-1994) bwaranzwe no guha ifumbire ya ngengabitekerezo y'ivangura, bimakaza politiki y'amacakubiri n'urwango ku Batutsi ari na ko babakandamiza babavutsa uburenganzira ku gihugu, ku mashuri n'imirimo. Iyo ngengabitekerezo ishingiye ku moko ni yo yabyaye Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, ubwo abategetsi babi bategekaga u Rwanda, aho kwemera ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'amasezerano y'amahoro yashyiriweho umukono Arusha mu gihugu cya Tanzaniya ku wa 04 Mata 1993, bahisemo inzira mbi yo gushyira mu bikorwa umugambi wa Jenoside bagamije kumaraho Abatutsi. Intego nkuru y'ubushakashatsi Ubu bushakashatsi bugamije gushyira ahagaragara mu buryo bucukumbuye “Amateka ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu”. Intego zihariye z'ubushakashatsi Ubushakashatsi ku mateka ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu bugaragaza mu buryo burambuye: 1. Imibanire y'Abanyarwanda mbere ya 1959 mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu; 2. Ibikorwa by'urugomo n'ubwicanyi byakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu, kuva mu 1959 kugera mu 1990; 3. Ibikorwa by'urugomo n'ubwicanyi byakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu, kuva mu 1990 kugera mu 1993; 4. Uburyo bwakoreshejwe mu gutegura Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu; 5. Ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu;

CNLG_jenoside_cyangugu.pdf

5 Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu 6. Abagize uruhare mu itegurwa n'ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu; 7. Uruhare rw'abasirikare b'Abafaransa bari muri Opération Turquoise mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu; 8. Uruhare rw'Abarundi muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegtura ya Cyangugu; 9. Imiterere y'ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. 10. Ingaruka za Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegtura ya Cyangugu 11. Uruhare rw'Inkiko Gacaca mu guca umuco wo kudahana; 12. Ubumwe n'ubwiyunge mu yahoze ari Perefegtura ya Cyangugu; Muri rusange, ubu bushakashatsi bugaragaza mu buryo bucukumbuye ibikorwa by'urugomo n'ubwicanyi byakorewe Abatutsi kuva mu 1959 n'uko Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 yateguwe ikanashyirwa mu bikorwa mu bice byose bigize iyahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu.

CNLG_jenoside_cyangugu.pdf

6 UBURYO BWAKORESHEJWE MU BUSHAKASHATSI Ubushakashatsi ku mateka ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu bwakorewe mu turere tubiri twa Rusizi na Nyamasheke duherereye mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba bw'u Rwanda. Utwo turere twombi twasimbuye amakomini cumi n'imwe (11) yari agize Perefegitura ya Cyangugu mu 1994, ari yo: Kamembe, Gishoma, Bugarama, Cyimbogo, Nyakabuye, Gafunzo, Gisuma, Karengera, Kagano, Kirambo na Gatare. Amakuru yifashishijwe muri ubu bushakashatsi yavuye mu biganiro umushakashatsi yagiranye n'abatangabuhamya muri komini zose zari zigize Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. Ubushakashatsi bwibanze ku batangabuhamya babayeho mu gihe cy'ubutegetsi bwa Repubulika ya mbere n'iya kabiri barimo ababaye abayobozi mu nzego za Leta n'iz'abikorera mbere ya Jenoside, abarokotse Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, abagize uruhare muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi bireze bakemera ibyaha, abahishe Abatutsi bahigwaga muri Jenoside (abarinzi b'igihango), ababaye Inyangamugayo mu Nkiko Gacaca, abahoze ari abasirikare mu ngabo za Leta yateguye ikanashyira mu bikorwa Jenoside (FAR), abahoze ari abajandarume, abapolisi ba komini, abihayimana n'abandi. Mu gukusanya amakuru yifashishijwe muri ubu bushakashatsi, hasesenguwe kandi inyandiko z'Inkiko Gacaca, imanza z'abakoze Jenoside zaciwe n'inkiko zisanzwe mu Rwanda ndetse n'iz'Urukiko Mpuzamahanaga Mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda rukorera Arusha muri Tanzaniya (ICTR). Mu nyandiko z'Inkiko Gacaca hasesenguwe ibikubiye mu makayi y'ikusanyamakuru agaragaza ihohoterwa ryakorewe Abatutsi kuva mu 1990, cyane cyane ifatwa n'ifungwa ry'Abatutsi babita ibyitso by'Inkotanyi. Inyandiko za Gacaca zagaragaje kandi amakuru yizewe ku ishyirwaho ry'imitwe yitwara gisirikare, itangwa ry'imbunda mu baturage, gushyiraho bariyeri, abagabye ibitero n'abamamaye mu bwicanyi muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Imanza z'abari abayobozi ku rwego rwa Perefegitura na Komini zigaragaza cyane cyane uruhare rw'ubuyobozi mu itegurwa n'ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside

CNLG_jenoside_cyangugu.pdf

7 Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu yakorewe Abatutsi. Ubuhamya bw'abireze bakemera ibyaha bya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi na bwo bukubiyemo amakuru menshi yifashishijwe muri ubu bushakashatsi. Uretse imanza zaciwe n'Inkiko Gacaca ndetse n'Inkiko zisanzwe mu Rwanda, hifashishijwe inyandiko z'imanza zaciwe n'Urukiko Mpuzamahanaga Mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda rukorera Arusha muri Tanzaniya harimo: (1) Urubanza Ubushinjacyaha bwarezemo Minisitiri Ntagerura André10, Bagambiki Emmanuel11 na Liyetona Imanishimwe Samuel12, (2) Urubanza Ubushinjacyaha bwarezemo Ncamihigo Siméon wari Umushinjacyaha i Cyangugu, (3) n'Urubanza Ubushinjacyaha bwarezemo Munyakazi Yusufu wari ukuriye Interahamwe zo mu Bugarama. Mu kugaragaza ukuri ku mugambi wa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, hifashishijwe kandi inyandiko z'ubuyobozi ( Archives ) bwariho mbere no mu gihe cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi zirimo amabaruwa, inyandikomvugo z'inama zitandukanye cyane cyane inama z'umutekano zigaragaza uko umugambi wa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi wateguwe mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. Ibyavuye mu nyandiko zasesenguwe byahujwe n'ubuhamya bw'abatangabuhamya babajijwe muri komini zose za Perefegitura ya Cyangugu, maze bitanga ishusho rusange y'amateka ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. 10 Ntagerura André yakomokaga mu yahoze ari Komini Karengera, Perefegitura ya Cyangugu, ubu ni mu Karere ka Nyamasheke. Mu 1994 yari Minisitiri w'Ubwikorezi n'Itumanaho, akaba umurwanashyaka ukomeye wa MRND, ishyaka ryateguye rikanashyira mu bikorwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994. 11 Bagambiki Emmanuel yari Perefe wa Perefegitura ya Cyangugu kuva muri Nyakanga 1992. Yari umunyapolitiki ukomeye muri Perefegitura akomokamo ya Cyangugu, akaba kandi yari akunzwe n'ubutegetsi bwa Perezida Habyarimana Juvénal bwamugiriye icyizere cyo gukomeza kuba Perefe nyuma y'ubwicanyi bwabereye mu Bugesera, igice cyabarizwaga muri Perefegitura ya Kigali Ngali yabereye Perefe kugera mu 1992. 12 Liyetona Imanishimwe Samuel yakomokaga mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Gisenyi. Mu 1994 yari akuriye Ikigo cya Gisirikari cya Cyangugu cyari kizwi ku izina rya Camp Karambo (Karambo Military Camp ).

CNLG_jenoside_cyangugu.pdf

8 IGICE CYA MBERE PEREFEGITURA YA CYANGUGU 1. 1 Amavu n'amavuko ya Perefegitura ya Cyangugu Mbere y'ubukoloni, Perefegitura ya Cyangugu yamamaye ku izina ry'Ikinyaga13. Yagiraga ibice by'ubwami bikomeye birimo Ubusozo n'Ubukunzi. Ubwami bw'Ubusozo bwari buherereye mu yahoze ari Komini Nyakabuye (igice). Ubwami bw'Ubukunzi bwo bwari buherereye mu yahoze ari Komini Karengera na Nyakabuye (igice). Ubusozo bwayoborwaga n'umwami witwaga Nyundo wari utuye mu Gasumo, ubu ni mu Murenge wa Butare. Amaze gutanga asimburwa n'umuhungu we witwaga Nkorabiri. Ubukunzi bwo bwayoborwaga na Ndagano. Ubwami bw'Ubukunzi n'Ubusozo bwaje kuganzwa n'ubwami bw'Abanyiginya, maze bwemera kuyoboka, buyoborwa n'ubwami bw'u Rwanda rwa Gasabo. Ubwami bw'Ubukunzi bwazimye mu 1925, ubw'Ubusozo buzima mu 1926 nyuma y'aho Ababiligi babwigaruriye bakoresheje ingufu za gisirikare, maze babugabira Rwagataraka, wabaye umutware waho hose. 14 Abakoloni bamaze kugera mu Rwanda, himakajwe imitegekere ishingiye kuri teritwari. Guhera mu 1928 teritwari zifututse kandi zifite imipaka ni bwo zashyizweho. Hashyizweho teritwari icyenda: Kigali, Nyanza, Astrida, Rubengera, Gisenyi, Murera, Bushiru-Kingogo, Gatsibo, Rukira-Gisaka. Kuri urwo rutonde hiyongereyeho Teritwari ya Shangugu mu mwaka wa 1929 na Byumba mu mwaka wa 1931. Mu 1932, Itegeko No 26/A. I. M. O ryo ku wa 17 Werurwe 1932 ryemeje urutonde rushya rwa teritwari 10 za Leta zemewe ari zo: Kigali, Nyanza, Astrida, Shangugu, Kibuye, Kisenyi, Ruhengeri, Byumba, Gabiro na Kibungo. Teritwari ya Gabiro yavanyweho mu 1935, iya Kibuye ivanwaho mu 1936 ariko isubizwaho mu 1953. Teritwari ya nyuma u Rwanda rwagize 13 Izina Ikinyaga ryakomotse ku mvugo y'Umwami Rwabugiri. Bernard Nshizirungu utuye mu Kagali ka Kinyaga mu Murenge wa Nkanka, Akarere ka Rusizi asobanura ko: “Umwami Rwabugiri yagiye kugaruza ibihugu ageze ku Kirwa cya Nkombo amasha umwambi ugwa ahantu ho mu cyika, bomotse umwambi barawubura. Nyuma yo kuwubura bahise bahita mu Kinyaga cyanyaze umwami umwambi. Ni aho izina 'Kinyaga ryakomotse”. Kuva ubwo ugiye i Cyangugu wese avuga ko agiye mu Kinyaga. 14 Ikiganiro n'umutangabuhamya KAYUMBA Sebastien mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 9 Ukwakira 2017.

CNLG_jenoside_cyangugu.pdf

9 Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu ni Teritwari ya Gitarama yashyizweho mu 1959. Buri teritwari yari igizwe na Sheferi na Susheferi. Kugera mu 1959,Teritwari ya Shangugu yari igizwe na Sheferi enye : 1. Sheferi y' Impala yayoborwaga na Shefu Bideri Yosefu, akaba yari atuye i Shangi 2. Sheferi y'Abari yayoborwaga na Shefu Biniga Lewonidasi, akaba yari atuye i Nyakarenzo 3. Sheferi ya Bukunzi-Busozo yayoborwaga na Shefu Rwiyamirira atuye Karengera i Mwezi agategeka Bukunzi- Busozo na Bugarama (BBB), 4. Sheferi ya Cyesha yayoborwaga na Shefu Gakoko Ambroise. Buri sheferi yagiraga abasushefu batandukanye bayobora susheferi, bagafasha shefu gukurikirana no kumenya imibereho y'abaturage ayoboye: 1. Sheferi y'Impala yagiraga abasushefu barimo Sushefu Mugenzi wayoboraga Susheferi ya Muhari, Gihundwe na Nkombo, Sushefu Kanuni Jean Nepomuscène wayoboraga Susheferi ya Munyove, Isha na Shagasha, Sushefu Munyurangabo wayoboraga Susheferi ya Giheke, Sushefu Bisanana wayoboraga Susheferi ya Bushenge na Bumazi, Sushefu Gahayire Anathole wayoboraga Susheferi ya Ntura na Biguzi, Sushefu Kayumba wayoboraga Susheferi ya Gafunzo, Sushefu Gahamanyi wayoboraga Susheferi ya Mugera, Sushefu Semuhungu Appolinaire wayoboraga Susheferi ya Rusunyu na Kabutembo, Sushefu Kanuma Louis wayoboraga Susheferi ya Rwahi na Nkanka, Sushefu Rwamatemba Paul wayoboraga Susheferi ya Kiyumba na Rugaragara. Mu Mujyi wa Kamembe ho hayoborwaga na Sushefu Murisho wakomokaga ku Gisenyi, akaba yari yarazanywe n'Abarabu. 2. Sheferie y'Abiru yafataga ifasi ya Kadasomwa- Nyakarenzo-Winteko-Munyinya-Rukunguri kugera ku mugezi wa Katabuvuga. Sheferi y'Abiru yagiraga abasushefu barimo Sushefu Susa wayoboraga Susheferi ya Butambamo na Nyenji, Sushefu Senuma wayoboraga Susheferi ya Kiranga na Gisagara, Sushefu Rukaraza wayoboraga Susheferi ya Mushaka, Sushefu Kabaya wayoboraga Susheferi ya Gashonga, Sushefu Muhaya wayoboraga Susheferi ya Mururu na Ruhoko, Nyakarenzo ho akaba ariho Shefu Biniga yakoreraga.

CNLG_jenoside_cyangugu.pdf

10 3. Sheferi ya Bukunzi-Busozo yagiraga abasushefu barimo Sushefu Mahenehene Célestin wayobora Susheferi ya Busozo, Sushefu Ntemabiti wakomokaga ku Gikongoro wayoboraga Susheferi ya Bweyeye, Sushefu Madederi wakomokaga i Mushaka wayoboraga Mwiyando na Rurama, na Sushefu Ntasoni Paul wayoboraga Susheferi ya Mwezi. 4. Sheferi ya Cyesha yagiraga abasushefu barimo Sushefu Sekabwa wayoboraga Susheferi ya Bushekeli, Sushefu Birasifuku Frodouard wayoboraga Susheferi yo ku Ishara, Sushefu Nyirinkindi wayoboraga Susheferi ya Butambara, Mubumbano na Kagano, Sushefu Kanangire wayoboraga Susheferi ya Tyazo, Sushefu Bagirishya wayoboraga Susheferi ya Gatare na Muramba, Sushefu Sebuhura wayoboraga Susheferi ya Nyakabingo, Sushefu Ntoyumutwa wayoboraga Susheferi ya Rwumba, Sushefu Gakwavu wayoboraga Susheferi ya Karambi, na Sushefu Segikwiye wayoboraga Susheferi ya Rugano. Muri Gashyantare 1960, nyuma y'imvururu zabaye mu gihugu kuva mu Ugushyingo 1959 mu cyiswe “Révolution Sociale ”, “Conseil Spécial Provisoire ” yashyizweho mu 1960 isimbuye Conseil Superieur du Pays15 yatangiye guhindura imiyoborere yariho, maze ishyiraho politiki y'ubuyobozi bushingiye ku makomini agera kuri 229. Teritwari zo ntizahise zihindurirwa inyito16: -Teritwari ya Shangugu yari igizwe n'amakomini 19, -Teritwari ya Kigali igizwe n'amakomini 27, -Teritwari ya Gitarama igizwe n'amakomini 20, -Teritwari ya Nyanza igizwe n'amakomini 23, 15 L'ordonnance yo ku wa 12 Mutarama 1960 ya Jean-Paul Harroy wabaye Vice-Gouverneur na Gouverneur Général du Ruanda-Urundi, yakuyeho Conseil Superieur du Pays isimburwa na Conseil Spécial Provisoire igizwe na Ndazaro Lazaro, Makuza Anastase, Mbonyumutwa Dominique, Rwigemera Etienne, Nzeyimana Isidore, Nshogozabahizi François Xavier, Ruzibiza, Munyagaju Aloys, Karema Etienne na Dumont. Igikorwa cyo gukuraho Conseil Supérieur du Pays hakajyaho Conseil Spécial Provisoire yari yiganjemo Abahutu n'Abatutsi batemeraga UNAR bwari uburyo bwo kwambura ubutegetsi Abatutsi bugahabwa Abahutu (mu rurimi rw'Igifaransa byiswe : Transfert du Pouvoir de Tutsi au Hutu); bikaba byaragizwemo uruhare rukomeye na Colonel Guillaume Guy Logiest. N'ubwo Rwigemera Etienne yari umwe mu bagize Conseil Spécial Provisoire yari umwana mukuru w'Umwami Musinga. Ubwo Umwami Musinga bari bamaze kumucira i Kamembe muri Cyangugu, Jean-Paul Harroy yashatse ko Rwigemera Etienne aba umwami asimbuye se, ariko si ko byagenze. Léon Classe yarabyanze, maze bashyiraho Rudahigwa (Mutara III ) wari murumuna wa Rwigemera. Léon Classe yakundaga cyane Rudahigwa bityo akoresha ibishoboka byose kugira ngo abe ari we usimbura se ku bwami. Nyuma yo kwimikwa, Rwigemera nta bwo yigeze ayoboka murumuna we, kugera ubwo agaragaye mu bitabiriye umurongo urwanya ibitekerezo bya UNAR, ishyaka ry'umwami, maze bashinga RADER. 16 Bulletin d'information bimensuel (Imvaho) NO 9 du 15 mai 1960, in : M. POCHET, Rétrospective: Le problème rwandais, 1952-1962, Informations de la tutelle (Imvaho 1960-1962). Documents pour servir à l'histoire, Dossier 12, Mars 2006, p. 42

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11 Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu -Teritwari ya Astrida igizwe n'amakomini 42, -Teritwari ya Kibuye igizwe n'amakomini 12, -Teritwari ya Kisenyi igizwe n'amakomini 22, -Teritwari ya Ruhengeri igizwe n'amakomini 25, -Teritwari ya Kibungo igizwe n'amakomini 19 na -Teritwari ya Byumba igizwe n'amakomini 20. Muri Werurwe 1961, Itegeko No 02/72 ryo ku wa 7 Werurwe 1961 ryakuyeho inyito ya Teritwari isimburwa na Perefegitura. Ni muri urwo rwego Perefegitura ya Cyangugu yasimbuye icyitwaga Teritwari ya Shangugu. Muri iryo vugururwa ry'inzego n'imitegekere, Perefegitura zahawe abayobozi bitwa Abaperefe basimbura ba “ Administrateur ” bari basanzwe ari abayobozi ba Teritwari. Perefe wa mbere wayoboye Perefegitura ya Cyangugu ni Mpamo Esdras wakomokaga i Masango muri Perefegitura ya Gitarama, waje gusimburwa na Ngirabatware Pascal wakomokaga mu yahoze ari Komini Gatare i Hanika, ubu ni mu Murenge wa Macuba, Akarere ka Nyamasheke. Mu 1992, ifasi n'umubare bya Perefegitura byarahinduwe, hashyirwaho izindi Perefegitura ebyiri (2): Umujyi wa Kigali n'Umutara. Ibyo bituma u Rwanda rugira Perefegitura 12, ari zo zagejeje mu 1994 ubwo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yashyirwaga mu bikorwa. 1. 2 Imiterere ya Perefegitura ya Cyangugu mu 1994 Mu 1994, ubwo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yashyirwaga mu bikorwa, Perefegitura ya Cyangugu yari igizwe na superefegitura ebyiri (2), komini cumi n'imwe (11) na segiteri 115. 1. 2. 1. Imbibi za Perefegitura ya Cyangugu Perefegitura ya Cyangugu ni imwe muri Perefegitura 12 zari zigize igihugu cy'u Rwanda mu 1994. Ikaba yari iherereye i Burengerazuba bw'Amajyepfo y'u Rwanda. Mu burengezuba bwayo, Perefegitura ya Cyangugu yahanaga imbibi n'igihugu cya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo (yitwaga Zayire muri icyo gihe), bigatandukanywa n'Ikiyaga cya Kivu hamwe n'Umugezi wa Rusizi usohoka mu Kiyaga cya Kivu werekeza mu Kiyaga cya Tanganyika.

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12 Mu Majyepfo yayo, Perefegitura ya Cyangugu yahanaga imbibi n'igihugu cy'Uburundi, bigatandukanywa n'umugezi wa Ruhwa. Mu Burasirazuba bwayo yahanaga imbibi na Perefegitura ya Gikongoro, urugabano rwazo rukaba mu Ishyamba rya Nyungwe rwagati. Mu Majyaruguru, Perefegitura ya Cyangugu yahanaga imbibi na Perefegitura ya Kibuye bigatandukanywa n'umugezi wa Kirimbi. 1. 2. 2. Ikarita ya Perefegitura ya Cyangugu

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13 Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu 1. 2. 3. Superefegitura na komini byari bigize Perefegitura ya Cyangugu Mu 1994 ubwo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yashyirwaga mu bikorwa, Perefegitura ya Cyangugu yari igizwe na superefegitura ebyiri (2): Superefegitura ya Bugumya na Superefegitura ya Rwesero. -Superefegitura ya Bugumya yari igizwe na Komini Bugarama, Nyakabuye na Karengera. Icyicaro cyayo cyari i Nyakabuye, ubu ni mu Murenge wa Nyakabuye, Akarere ka Rusizi. -Superefegitura ya Rwesero yari igizwe na Komini Gatare, Kirambo na Kagano. Ibiro bya Superefegitura ya Rwesero byari ku Butambara -Rwesero, mu nzu yakorewemo nyuma ya Jenoside n'Urukiko rw'Ibanze rwa Kagano, mu yahoze ari Komini Kagano, ubu ni mu Murenge wa Kagano, Akarere ka Nyamasheke. -Andi makomini atanu (5) yegereye Umujyi wa Kamembe ari yo Komini Kamembe, Gafunzo, Gisuma, Cyimbogo na Gishoma ntiyabarirwaga muri za superefegitura, yo yakurikiranwaga na Superefe wakoreraga ku cyicaro cya Perefegitura. Perefegitura ya Cyangugu ikaba yari igizwe muri rusange na Komini 11: Komini Kamembe, Gishoma, Bugarama, Cyimbogo, Nyakabuye, Gafunzo, Gisuma, Karengera, Kagano, Kirambo na Gatare. Icyicaro cya Perefegitura cyari ku nkengero z'Ikiyaga cya Kivu hafi y'Ikigo cya Gisirikare cya Camp Karambo, muri Komini Kamembe. 1. 2. 4. Segiteri zari zigize Perefegitura ya Cyangugu Ubwo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yashyirwaga mu bikorwa mu 1994, Perefegitura ya Cyangugu yari igizwe muri rusange na segiteri 115: -Komini Kamembe yari igizwe na segiteri icyenda (9): Segiteri Kamembe, Gihundwe, Muhari, Rwahi, Nkanka, Cyibumba, Mparwe, Bugumira na Rusunyu. Icyicaro cya Komini Kamembe cyari mu yahoze ari Segiteri Nkanka, ubu ni Murenge wa Nkanka, Akarere ka Rusizi.

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14 -Komini Cyimbogo yari igizwe na segiteri cumi n'imwe (11): Segiteri Mururu, Mutongo, Cyete, Nyakarenzo, Winteko, Nyakanyinya, Cyato, Mibirizi, Gihundwe, Murehe na Nyamagana. Icyicaro cya Komini cyari mu Karangiro mu yahoze ari Segiteri Cyete, ubu ni Murenge wa Mururu, Akarere ka Rusizi. -Komini Gishoma yari igizwe na segiteri icumi (10): Segiteri Gashonga, Gisagara, Rwimbogo, Ntenyi, Nyenji, Kiranga, Rukunguri, Kimbagiro, Butambamo na Ruhoko. Icyicaro cya Komini Gishoma cyari mu yahoze ari Segiteri Gashonga, ubu ni Murenge wa Gashonga, Akarere ka Rusizi. -Komini Bugarama yari igizwe na segiteri umunani (8): Segiteri Gikundamvura, Bunyereri, Nyabintare, Muganza, Bugarama, Muhehwe, Nzahaha na Kibangira. Icyicaro cya Komini Bugarama cyari mu yahoze ari Segiteri Muganza, ubu hakorera Umurenge wa Muganza, Akarere ka Rusizi. -Komini Nyakabuye yari igizwe na segiteri icumi (10): Segiteri Kigurwe, Matare, Muhanga, Runyanzovu, Nkungu, Nyamubembe, Nyamaronko, Nyakabuye, Gitambi na Kaboza. Icyicaro cya Komini Nyakabuye cyari hafi y'isoko rya Nyakabuye, mu yahoze ari Segiteri Nyakabuye, ubu ni mu Murenge wa Nyakabuye. -Komini Gisuma yari igizwe na segiteri cumi n'eshatu (13): Segiteri Shagasha, Munyove, Isha, Ntura, Biguzi, Mwito, Remera, Bugungu, Bushenge, Rusambu, Bumazi, Gashirabwoba na Giheke. Icyicaro cya Komini Gisuma cyari mu yahoze ari Segiteri Giheke, ubu hakorera Umurenge wa Giheke, Akarere ka Rusizi. -Komini Gafunzo yari igizwe na segiteri icyenda (9): Segiteri Nyamugali, Shangi, Gabiro, Mugera, Mukoma, Nyabitekeri, Bugeza, Bunyangurube na Bunyenga. Icyicaro cya Komini Gafunzo cyari mu yahoze ari Segiteri Shangi, ubu hakorera Umurenge wa Shangi, Akarere ka Nyamasheke. -Komini Karengera yari igizwe na segiteri cumi n'ebyiri (12): Segiteri Ruharambuga, Rwabidege, Nyamuhunga, Rwintare, Karambo, Karengera, Nyanunda, Kanyinya, Butare, Rurama, Gasumo na Bweyeye. Icyicaro cya

CNLG_jenoside_cyangugu.pdf

15 Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu Komini Karengera cyari mu yahoze ari Segiteri Karengera, ubu hakorera Umurenge wa Karengera, Akarere ka Nyamasheke. -Komini Kagano yari igizwe na segiteri icumi (10): Segiteri Rambira, Mukinja, Bushekeri, Nyakabingo, Nyamasheke, Mubumbano, Kagano, Butambara, Ngoma na Kagarama. Icyicaro cya Komini Kagano cyari mu yahoze ari Segiteri Nyamasheke, mu myubako zakorerwagamo n'Akarere ka Nyamasheke kugera mu 2017. -Komini Kirambo yari igizwe na segiteri icumi (10): Segiteri Gahisi, Mpabe, Rangiro, Rwumba, Yove, Kanjongo, Ruheru, Gitongo, Cyato na Tyazo. Icyicaro cya Komini Kirambo cyari mu yahoze ari Segiteri Kanjongo, ubu hakorera Umurenge wa Kanjongo, Akarere ka Nyamasheke. -Komini Gatare yari igizwe na Segiteri cumi n'eshatu (13): Segiteri Karambi, Mugomba, Ngange, Cyiya, Kagunga, Buhoro, Macuba, Rukanu, Birembo, Muraza, Rumamfu, Rugano na Mwasa. Icyicaro cya Komini Gatare cyari mu yahoze ari Segiteri Macuba, ubu hakorera Umurenge wa Macuba, Akarere ka Nyamasheke. 1. 3. Perefegitura ya Cyangugu nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi Nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, zimwe mu nyito n'ifasi by'inzego z'ubuyobozi byagiye bihindurwa hagamijwe kwegereza abaturage ubuyobozi n'ubushobozi. Ni muri urwo rwego muri gahunda yo kwegereza abaturage ubuyobozi n'ubushobozi, icyiciro cya mbere (1ère phase de la décentralisation ), mu mwaka wa 2001, Komini zakuweho maze iyahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu igabanywamo uturere 7: 1. Akarere ka Gashonga kahuje Komini Gishoma na Komini Cyimbogo; 2. Akarere ka Bugarama kasimbuye Komini Bugarama; 3. Akarere ka Bukunzi kahuje Komini Nyakabuye na Komini Karengera; 4. Akarere k'Impala kahuje Komini Gisuma na Komini Gafunzo; 5. Akarere ka Nyamasheke kahuje Komini Kagano na Komini Kirambo;

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16 6. Akarere ka Gatare kasimbuye Komini Gatare; 7. Umujyi wa Cyangugu wari ugizwe n'icyahoze ari Komini Kamembe. Muri gahunda yo kwegereza abaturage ubuyobozi n'ubushobozi, icyiciro cya kabiri (2ème phase de la décentralisation ) uturere twashyizweho mu 2001 twaje guhindurwa. Hashingiwe ku Itegeko Ngenga No 29/2005 ryo ku wa 31 Ukuboza 2005 rigena inzego z'imitegekere y'igihugu cy'u Rwanda nk'uko ryasohotse mu Igazeti ya Leta Nimero idasanzwe yo ku wa 31 Ukuboza 2005 rigena ivugurura ry'inzego z'ibanze muri gahunda yo kwegereza ubuyobozi n'ubushobozi abaturage, uturere 7 twari tugize ifasi y'iyahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu twakuweho, hashyirwaho uturere tubiri ari two Rusizi na Nyamasheke : -Akarere ka Rusizi kahuje izahoze ari Komini Kamembe, Cyimbogo, Gishoma, Bugarama na Nyakabuye. -Akarere ka Nyamasheke kahuje izahoze ari Komini Gisuma, Gafunzo, Karengera, Kagano, Kirambo na Gatare. Akarere ka Nyamasheke kahawe kandi na Komini Rwamatamu yahoze ibarizwa mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Kibuye. 1. 4. Abayobozi ba Perefegitura ya Cyangugu mu gihe cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 1. 4. 1. Abayobozi bo ku rwego rwa perefegitura na superefegitura Mu 1994, ubwo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yashyirwaga mu bikorwa, Perefegitura ya Cyangugu yayoborwaga na Perefe Bagambiki Emmanuel wakomokaga mu yahoze ari Komini Gisuma, umwanya yahawe asimbuye Perefe Kagimbangabo André wakomokaga i Bwakira mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Kibuye. Kuyobora Perefegitura, Perefe Bagambiki Emmanuel yabifashwagamo na Superefe Munyangabe Théodore wakomokaga i Nyabitekeri mu yahoze ari Komini Gafunzo, Superefe Kamonyo Emmanuel wakomokaga mu yahoze ari Komini Kibayi i Butare, Superefe Nizeyimana François na Superefe Muhayimana Amon. N'ubwo urukiko rwa ICTR rwagize umwere Perefe Bagambiki Emmanuel, abarokotse Jenoside bemeza badashidi-

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17 Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu kanya ko yagize uruhare mu iyicwa ryakorewe Abatutsi hirya no hino muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. Superefe Kamonyo Emmanuel17 na Superefe Munyangabe Théodore18 bo bahamijwe n'Inkiko Gacaca kugira uruhare mu itegurwa n'ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi hirya no hino muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu, bahanishwa igihano cyo gufungwa burundu. Perefegitura ya Cyangugu yari igizwe kandi na supere- fegitura ebyiri: Superefegitura ya Bugumya na Rwesero. Buri superefegitura yari ifite umuyobozi ukurikirana imirimo yayo ya buri munsi, ariko bayoborwa na Perefe wa Perefegitura. Ubwo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yashyirwaga mu bikorwa mu 1994, Superefegitura ya Bugumya yayoborwaga na Superefe Nsengimana Etienne wakomokaga i Gitarama mu yahoze ari Komini Kayenzi, akaba yaritabye Imana. Superefegitura ya Rwesero yo yayoborwaga na Superefe Terebura Gérard wakomokaga ku Gikongoro muri Komini Nshili. FPR-Inkotanyi imaze guhagarika Jenoside, Superefe Terebura Gérard yahunze igihugu atinya kuryozwa uruhare yagize muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi cyane cyane mu bwicanyi bwabereye kuri Paruwasi ya Hanika, i Nyamasheke, ku Rwesero n'ahandi. Akaba yarakatiwe n'Urukiko Gacaca rw'Umurenge wa Nyamasheke igifungo cya Burundu y'umwihariko. 19 1. 4. 2. Abayobozi bo ku rwego rwa komini Kugera mu 1994, Komini yari urwego rw'ubuyobozi rwazaga nyuma ya Perefegitura. Komini yayoborwaga na Burugumesitiri afatanyije na “ Assistant ” Burugumesitiri hamwe na Burigadiye wa Komini. 1) Komini Kamembe: Mu 1994, ubwo Jenoside yakore- we Abatutsi yashyirwaga mu bikorwa, Komini Kamembe yayoborwaga na Burugumesitiri Mubiligi Jean-Napoléon wari umurwanashyaka ukomeye wa MRND. Akaba yaraguye muri Gereza ya Rusizi muri 2019 nyuma yo kuburanishwa n'Inkiko Gacaca, Urukiko Gacaca rw'Ubujurire rwa Nkanka rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu kubera uruhare yagize muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. 20 Umugambi wa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi 17 Urukiko Gacaca rw'Umurenge wa Kamembe, Rusizi, 2009 18 Urukiko Gacaca rw'Ubujurire rwa Gihundwe A, Rusizi, 2009 19 Urukiko Gacaca rw'Umurenge wa Nyamasheke, Nyamasheke, 4 Ukuboza 008 20 Urukiko Gacaca rw'Ubujurire wa Nkanka, Rusizi, 2009

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18 muri Komini Kamembe wanogejwe na Burugumesitiri Mubiligi Jean -Napoléon afatanyije na “Assistant ” Burugumesitiri Minani Gervais nawe wahamijwe n'Inkiko Gacaca kugira uruhare muri Jenoside, Urukiko Gacaca rw'Umurenge wa Gihundwe rumuhanisha igihano cy'igifungo cya burundu y'umwihariko. 21 Gutegura no gushyira mu bikorwa Jenoside Burugumesitiri yabifashijwemo kandi na Burigadiye wa Komini Gatera Casimir wakomokaga ku Nkanka, akaba yarakatiwe n'Urukiko Gacaca rw'Umurenge wa Rwahi igifungo cy'imyaka 25 kubera uruhare yagize muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. 22 2) Komini Cyimbogo: Mu 1994, ubwo Jenoside yakore- we Abatutsi yashyirwaga mu bikorwa, Komini Cyimbogo yari itarabona Burugumesitiri usimbura Habiyaremye Fabien wari umaze guhagarikwa ku buyobozi bwa Komini kubera imyigaragambyo y'abakozi bavugaga ko batamushaka. Muri icyo gihe, Somayire Célestin wari warigeze kuyobora Komini Gishoma, yari umwe mu bakandida batanzwe ku buyobozi bwa Komini Cyimbogo, ariko Jenoside itangira ataremezwa n'ubwo ariwe wahabwaga amahirwe yo kwegukana umwanya wa Burugumesitiri kubera ko yari umuntu usanzwe uvuga rikijyana muri Komini. Ibyo byatumye yigira umuyobozi wa Komini ku ngufu, akurikirana ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri Komini Cyimbogo no mu nkengero zayo. RPF Inkotanyi imaze guhagarika Jenoside, Somayire Célestin yahunze igihugu atinya kuryozwa uruhare yagize muri Jenoside. Akaba yaraburanishijwe adahari, Urukiko Gacaca rw'Umurenge wa Runyanzovu rumuhanisha igihano cy'igifungo cya burundu y'umwihariko kubera uruhare yagize muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. 23 Umugambi wa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi Somayire Célestin yawunogeje afatanyije na Murengezi Cyprien wari umuyobozi w'uruganda rwa “SONAFRUITS”. Murengezi Cyprien yari umuntu uvuga rikijyana muri Komini, agira uruhare mu ifatwa ry'imyanzuro yose. RPF Inkotanyi imaze guhagarika Jenoside, Murengezi Cyprien nawe yahunze igihugu atinya kuryozwa uruhare yagize muri Jenoside. Akaba yaraburanishijwe adahari, Urukiko Gacaca rw'Umurenge rwa 21 Urukiko Gacaca rw'Umurenge wa Gihundwe, Rusizi, 2008 22 Urukiko Gacaca rw'Umurenge wa Rwahi, Rusizi, 2009 23 Urukiko Gacaca rw'Umurenge rwa Runyanzovu, Rusizi, 2008

CNLG_jenoside_cyangugu.pdf

19 Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu Kamembe B rumuhanisha igihano cy'igifungo cy'imyaka 19 kubera uruhare yagize muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. 24 N'ubwo Habiramye Fabien yari yarakuwe ku mwanya wa Burugumesitiri, ntibyamubujije nawe kwitabira Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Akaba yaraburanishijwe n'Urukiko Gacaca rw'Umurenge wa Mururu A, ahanishwa igifungo cy'imyaka 15 kubera uruhare yagize muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. 25 Habiyaremye Fabien yabaye Burugumesitiri asimbuye Bisekwa Pascal. Kimwe na bagenzi be bamusimbuye, Bisekwa Pascal nawe yaburanishijwe n'Urukiko Gacaca rw'Umurenge wa Runyanzovu, rumuhanisha igihano cy'igifungo cy'imyaka 5 kubera uruhare yagize muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. 26 3) Komini Gishoma: Mu 1994, ubwo Jenoside yakore- we Abatutsi yashyirwaga mu bikorwa, Komini Gishoma yayoborwaga na Burugumesitiri Nkubito Jean Chrysostome wari umurwanashyaka ukomeye wa MRND. Burugumesitiri Nkubito Jean Chrysostome yayoboraga Komini Cyimbogo afatanyije na “ Assistant ” Burugumesitiri Gasarasi Wellars waje kurokoka Jenoside ubwo yashyirwaga mu bikorwa, hamwe na “Assistant” Burugumesitiri Niyibizi Jean de Dieu wakoreraga ku Murenge wa Gashonga mu gihe ubu bushakatsi bwakorwaga. RPF Inkotanyi imaze guhagarika Jenoside, Burugumesitiri Nkubito Jean Chrysostome yahunze igihugu atinya kuryozwa uruhare yagize muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Akaba yaraburanishijwe adahari, Urukiko Gacaca rw'Umurenge wa Rukunguli rumuhanisha igihano cy'igifungo cya Burundu kubera uruhare yagize muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. 27 4) Komini Bugarama: Mu 1994, ubwo Jenoside yakore- we Abatutsi yashyirwaga mu bikorwa, Komini Bugarama yayoborwaga na Burugumesitiri Kamanzi Meshak asimbuye Burugumesitiri Gatabazi Vénuste. Burugumesitiri Kamanzi Meshak yayoboraga Komini Bugarama afatanyije n'ubuyobozi bw'uruganda rwa CIMERWA rwayoborwaga mu 1994 na Sebatware Marcel. RPF Inkotanyi imaze guhagarika Jenoside, Burugumesitiri Kamanzi Meshak, Gatabazi Vénuste na 24 Urukiko Gacaca rw'Umurenge rwa Kamembe B, Rusizi, 2007 25 Urukiko Gacaca rw'Umurenge wa Mururu A, Rusizi, 2007 26 Urukiko Gacaca rw'Umurenge wa Runyanzovu, Rusizi, 2009 27 Urukiko Gacaca rw'Umurenge wa Rukunguli, Rusizi, 2008

CNLG_jenoside_cyangugu.pdf

20 Sebatware Marcel bahunze igihugu, batinya kuryozwa uruhare bagize muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Mu 1996, Kamanzi Meshak yarahungutse, agaruka mu Rwanda avuye muri DRC, mu Nkambi ya Kamanyora yari yarahungiyemo, aho yabanaga na Yusufu Munyakazi. Nyuma y'iminsi mike ageze mu Rwanda yahise atabwa muri yombi afungirwa muri Gereza ya Rusizi kugira ngo abashe gukurikiranwa ku byaha bya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi hashingiwe ku Itegeko N° 08/96 ryo kuwa 30/8/1996 rihana ibyaha bya Jenoside n'ibindi byaha byibasiye inyoko muntu byakozwe kuva ku wa 1 Ukwakira 1990. Abatangabuhamya muri ubu bushakashatsi basobanura ko Kamanza Meshak yamaze igihe gito muri Gereza ahita arwara, bimuviramo kwitaba Imana ataburanishijwe ku ruhare yagize muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Nyuma yo kwitaba Imana Umuryango we wahise ujya kuzana umurambo we, ushyingirwa iwe mu rugo mu Bugarama. 28 Abatangabuhamya muri ubu bushakashatsi basobanura ko Depite Gatabazi Vénuste we yageze mu Nkambi ya Gashusha muri DRC ararwara. Umurwango we uba mu Bugarama ukaba wemeza ko yitabye Imana, ashyingurwa muri Kongo. Akaba yaritabye Imana ataburanishijwe ku ruhare yagize muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. 29 Sebatware Marcel wayoboraga uruganda rwa CIMERWA we yaburanishijwe n'Inkiko Gacaca adahari, ashinjwa n'abaturage mu rukiko Gacaca rw'umurenge wa Muganza kugira uruhare rutaziguye mu itegurwa n'ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, cyane cyane mu bwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi kuri CIMERWA. 30 Nzigiyimana Michel wabaye Inyangamugayo mu Nkiko Gacaca mu Murenge wa Muganza kimwe n'abandi batangabuhamya bavuga ko n'ubwo yashinjwe ntiyakatiwe n'Inkiko Gacaca «kubera uburiganya», ariko abandi bafatanyije muri Jenoside bo barakatirwa31. 5) Komini Nyakabuye: Mu 1994, ubwo Jenoside yakore- we Abatutsi yashyirwaga mu bikorwa, Komini Nyakabuye yayoborwaga na Burugumesitiri Nsengumuremyi Diogène wari 28 Ikiganiro n'umutangabuhamya MURENGERANTWARI Davide mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 10 Nzeri 2019 29 Ikiganiro n'umutangabuhamya MURENGERANTWARI Davide mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 10 Nzeri 2019 30 Urubanza rwa Sebatware Marcel, Urukiko Gacaca rw'umurenge wa Muganza, 2008 31 Ikiganiro n'umutangabuhamya NZIGIYIMANA Michel mu Karere ka RUSIZI, ku wa 28 Nzeri Ukwakira 2019.

CNLG_jenoside_cyangugu.pdf

36 Urukiko Gacaca rw'Umurenge wa Shagasha, Rusizi, 2008 21 Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu umurwanashyaka ukomeye wa MRND. Urukiko Gacaca rw'Umurenge wa Nyamarongo rukaba rwaramuhanishije igifungo cya burundu kubera uruhare yagize muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. 32 Gutegura no gushyira mu bikorwa Jenoside Burugumesitiri yabifashijwemo na Burigadiye wa Komini Semutwa Apollinaire, akaba nawe yaraburanishijwe n'Urukiko Gacaca rw'umurenge wa Nyakabuye, ahanishwa igifungo cya burundu y'umwihariko kubera uruhare yagize muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. 33 6) Komini Gisuma: Mu 1994, ubwo Jenoside yakore-we Abatutsi yashyirwaga mu bikorwa, Komini Gisuma yayoborwaga na Burugumesitiri Nsengumuremyi Fulgence wari umurwanashyaka ukomeye wa MRND. Komini Gisuma ikaba yarakomokagamo Perefe wa Perefegitura ya Cyangugu Bagambiki Emmanuel na Depite Barigira Felicien bose bari bafite ijambo rikomeye mu miyoborere yayo. RPF Inkotanyi imaze guhagarika Jenoside, Burugumesitiri Nsengumuremyi Fulgence yahunze igihugu atinya kuryozwa uruhare yagize muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Akaba yaraburanishijwe adahari, Urukiko Gacaca rw'Umurenge wa Giheke, n'Urukiko Gacaca rw'Umurenge wa Munyove II rumuhanisha igihano cy'igifungo cya burundu kubera uruhare yagize muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi34,35. Gutegura no gushyira mu bikorwa Jenoside Burugumesitiri yabifashijwemo kandi na Rwakazina Védaste wari Burigadiye wa Komini, akaba yaraburanishijwe n'urukiko Gacaca rw'Umurenge wa Shagasha, ahanishwa igifungo cya burundu kubera uruhare yagize muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. 36 Nsabimana Callixte wayoboraga uruganda rw'icyayi rwa Shagasha nawe azwi kuba umwe mu bateguye banashyira mu bikorwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri Komini Gisuma. RPF Inkotanyi imaze guhagarika Jenoside, Nsabimana Callixte yahunze igihugu atinya kuryozwa uruhare yagize muri Jenoside. Akaba yaraburanishije n'Inkiko Gacaca adahari, Inama rusange 32 Urukiko Gacaca rw'Umurenge wa Nyamaronko, Rusizi, 2008 33 Urukiko Gacaca rw'Umurenge wa Nyakabuye, Rusizi, 2008 34 Urukiko Gacaca rw'Umurenge wa Giheke, Rusizi, 2008 35 Urukiko Gacaca rw'Umurenge wa Munyove II, Rusizi, 2008

CNLG_jenoside_cyangugu.pdf

22 y'umurenge wa Isha imuhanisha igihano cyo gufungwa burundu kubera uruhare yagize muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. 37 7) Komini Gafunzo: Mu 1994, ubwo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yashyirwaga mu bikorwa, Komini Gafunzo yayoborwaga na Burugumesitiri Karorero Charles wari umurwanashyaka ukomeye wa MRND. Komini Gafunzo yakomokagamo Munyangabe Théodore wari Superefe wa Perefegitura ya Cyangugu, akaba yari afite ijambo rikomeye mu miyoborere ya Komini. Munyangabe Théodore akaba yarakatiwe n'inkiko Gacaca, ahanishwa igihano cyo gufungwa burundu kubera uruhare yagize muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. 38 Burugumesitiri Karorero Charles nawe yaburanishijwe n'Inkiko Gacaca, ahanishwa igihano cyo gufungwa burundu kubera uruhare yagize muri Jenoside. 8) Komini Karengera: Mu 1994, ubwo Jenoside yakore- we Abatutsi yashyirwaga mu bikorwa, Komini Karengera yayoborwaga na Burugumesitiri Sinzabakwira Straton wari umurwanashyaka wa PSD. Burugumesitiri Sinzabakwira Straton akaba yararangije igihano cy'imyaka 20 yakatiwe n'Inkiko Gacaca nyuma yo kwirega, kwemera no gusaba imbabazi z'ibyaha bya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. 39 Ubu akaba yarasubiye mu buzima busanzwe. 9) Komini Kagano: Mu 1994, ubwo Jenoside yakore-we Abatutsi yashyirwaga mu bikorwa, Komini Kagano yayoborwaga na Burugumesitiri Kamana Aloys wari umurwa- nashyaka ukomeye wa MDR. Burugumesitiri Kamana Aloys yatorewe kuyobora Komini Kagano muri Werurwe 1993, asimbura Burugumesitiri Sewabeza Jean Pierre wahise aba umunyamabanga kuri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu, aba na Visi Perezida wa CDR ku rwego rwa Perefegitura. Gutegura no gushyira mu bikorwa Jenoside Burugumesitiri yabifashijwemo na Burigadiye wa Komini Kabera Gaston wakomokaga i Nyakabingo, akaba yaraburanishijwe n'Urukiko Gacaca rw'ubujurire rwa Mubumbano mu Murenge wa Kagano, ahanishwa igifungo cy'imyaka 29 kubera kugira uruhare muri 37 Urukiko Gacaca rw'Umurenge rwa Isha, Nyamasheke, 2007 38 Urukiko Gacaca rw'Ubujurire rwa Gihundwe A, Rusizi, 2009 39 Ikiganiro n'umutangabuhamya SINZABAKWIRA Straton ukomoka mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE, ku wa 19 Ukuboza 2017 i Kigali.

CNLG_jenoside_cyangugu.pdf

23 Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. 40Burugumesitiri Kamana Aloys nawe yaburanishijwe n'Urukiko Gacaca rw'ubujurire rwa Mukinja, mu Murenge wa Kagano, ahanishwa igihano cyo gufungwa burundu kubera uruhare yagize muri Jenoside. 41 Sewabeza Jean Pierre we yaburanishijwe n'Urukiko Rukuru, urugereko rwihariye ruburanisha ibyaha byo mu rwego mpuzamahanga, ahanishwa igihano cyo gufungwa burundu. Burugumesitiri Kamana Aloys na Sewabeza Jean Pierre bakaba barakurikiranye ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside muri Komini Kagano bafatanyije na Rurangwangabo Pascal na Hitimana Antoine nabo bigeze kuyobora Komini Kagano. Rurangwangabo Pascal akaba yaraburanishijwe n'Urukiko Gacaca rw'ubujurire rwa Mubumbano mu Murenge wa Kagano, ahanishwa igifungo cy'imyaka 30 kubera uruhare yagize muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. 42 Hitimana Antoine nawe yaburanishijwe n'Urukiko Gacaca rw'ubujurire rwa Nyama sheke mu Murenge wa Nyamasheke, ahanishwa igifungo cy'imyaka 25 kubera uruhare yagize muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. 43 10) Komini Kirambo: Mu 1994, ubwo Jenoside yakore- we Abatutsi yashyirwaga mu bikorwa, Komini Kirambo yayoborwaga na Burugumesitiri Mayira Mathias wari umurwa- nashyaka ukomeye wa MRND. Kuyobora Komini Kirambo Burugumesitiri Mayira Mathias yabifashwaga na “Assistant ” Burugumesitiri Kayiranga Gaston na “Assistant ” Burugumesitiri Kayitsinga Bernard bafunzwe mu byitso mu 1990 ku bw'amahirwe barafungurwa. 44 Burugumesitiri Mayira Mathias yaburanishijwe n'Urukiko Gacaca rw'ubujurire rwa Gitongo mu Murenge wa Kanjongo, n'Urukiko Gacaca rw'Ubujurire rwa Nyamasheke mu Murenge wa Kagano, hose ahanishwa igihano cyo gufungwa imyaka 25 kubera uruhare yagize muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi45,46. 40 Urukiko Gacaca rw'Ubujurire rwa Mubumbano, Nyamasheke, 2009 41 Urukiko Gacaca rw'Ubujurire rwa Mukinja, Nyamasheke, 2010 42 Urukiko Gacaca rw'Ubujurire rwa Mubumbano, Nyamasheke, 2008 43 Urukiko Gacaca rw'Ubujurire rwa Nyamasheke, Nyamasheke, 2009 44 Ikiganiro n'umutangabuhamya HAKIBA Jonathan mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE ku wa 21 Ugushyingo 2017. (Hakaba Jonathan yabaye Assistant Burugumesitiri muri Komini Kirambo, akorana na Burugumesitiri Mayira Mathias ariko aza kwimurirwa i Gitarama muri Superefegitura ya Kiyumba kubera ko batumvikanaga, amuziza ko arwanya MRND kubera ko yabaga muri MDR) 45 Urukiko Gacaca rw'Ubujurire rwa Gitongo, Nyamasheke, 2009 46 Urukiko Gacaca rw'Ubujurire rwa Nyamasheke, Nyamasheke, 2010

CNLG_jenoside_cyangugu.pdf

24 11) Komini Gatare: Mu 1994, ubwo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yashyirwaga mu bikorwa, Komini Gatare yayoborwaga na Burugumesitiri Rugwizangoga Fabien wari umurwanashyaka ukomeye wa MDR. Akaba yaraburanishijwe n'Urukiko Gacaca rw'Ubujurire rwa Buhoro mu Murenge wa Macuba, ahanishwa igihano cyo gufungwa imyaka 25 kubera uruhare yagize muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. 47 Umugambi wa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri Komini Gatare Burugumesitiri Rugwizangoga Fabien yawufashijwemo na mukuru we Mazimpaka Innocent alias Nette cyangwa Ruteruzi. Yakoreraga umuryango mpuzama- hanga wa SNV i Kigali, ariko akaba yari iwabo mu Gatare ubwo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yashyirwaga mu bikorwa. RPF Inkotanyi imaze guhagarika Jenoside, Mazimpaka Innocent yahunze igihugu atinya kuryozwa uruhare yagize muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Akaba yaraburanishijwe adahari, Urukiko Gacaca rw'Umurenge wa Mahembe rumuhanisha igihano cy'igifungo cya burundu y'umwihariko kubera uruhare yagize muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. 48 Imbonerahamwe igaragaza abayobozi ba komini zari zigize Perefegitura ya Cyangugu mu 1994 n'uruhare bagize muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi KOMINI AMAZINA YA BURUGUMESITIRI URUHARE RWE MURI JENOSIDE IGIHANO YAHAWE 1 Kamembe MUBILIGI Jean Napoléon Ari ku isonga mu bateguye banashyira mu bikorwa Jenoside muri Komini Kamembe Yahanishijwe Igifungo cya burundu 2 Cyimbogo SOMAYIRE Célestin yigize Burugumesitiri n'ubwo ariwe wahabwaga amahirwe mu bakandida bari baratanzwe. Ari ku isonga mu bateguye banashyira mu bikorwa Jenoside muri Komini Cyimbogo Yahunze igihugu, aburanishwa adahari, ahanishwa igifungo cya burundu y'umwihariko 47 Urukiko Gacaca rw'Ubujurire rwa Buhoro, Nyamasheke, 2009 48 Urukiko Gacaca rw'Umurenge wa Mahembe, Nyamasheke, 2009

CNLG_jenoside_cyangugu.pdf

25 Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu 3 Gishoma NKUBITO Jean Chrysostome Ari ku isonga mu bateguye banashyira mu bikorwa Jenoside muri Komini Gishoma Yahunze igihugu, aburanishwa adahari, ahanishwa igifungo cya burundu 4 Nyakabuye NSENGUMUREMYI Diogène Ari ku isonga mu bateguye banashyira mu bikorwa Jenoside muri Komini Nyakabuye Yahanishijwe Igifungo cya burundu 5 Bugarama KAMANZI Meshak Ari ku isonga mu bateguye banashyira mu bikorwa Jenoside muri Komini Bugarama Yaguye muri Gereza ya Rusizi atarabura- nishwa 6 Karengera SINZABAKWIRA Straton Ari ku isonga mu bateguye banashyira mu bikorwa Jenoside muri Komini Karengera Yarireze yemera ibyaha, ahanishwa Igifungo cy'imyaka 20 7 Gisuma NSENGUMUREMYI Fulgence Ari ku isonga mu bateguye banashyira mu bikorwa Jenoside muri Komini Gisuma Yahunze igihugu, aburanishwa adahari, ahanishwa igifungo cya burundu. 8 Gafunzo KARORERO Charles Ari ku isonga mu bateguye banashyira mu bikorwa Jenoside muri Komini Gafunzo Yahanishi- jwe Igifungo cya burundu

CNLG_jenoside_cyangugu.pdf

26 9 Kagano KAMANA Aloys Ari ku isonga mu bateguye banashyira mu bikorwa Jenoside muri Komini Kagano Yahanishi- jwe Igifungo cya burundu 10 Kirambo MAYIRA Mathias Ari ku isonga mu bateguye banashyira mu bikorwa Jenoside muri Komini Kirambo Yahanishi- jwe Igifungo cy'imyaka 25 11 Gatare RUGWIZANGOGA Fabien Ari ku isonga mu bateguye banashyira mu bikorwa Jenoside muri Komini Gatare Yahanishi- jwe Igifungo cy'imyaka 25 1. 4. 3. Abayobozi bo ku rwego rwa segiteri Segiteri rwari urwego rw'ubuyobozi rwegereye abaturage rwayoborwaga na konseye. Gahunda za Leta n'imyanzuro yafatiwe ku rwego rwa komini na perefegitura byagezwaga ku baturage na konseye wa segiteri. Konseye yari umutegetsi ukomeye, atanga umurongo ngenderwaho w'ibigomba gukorwa muri segiteri kandi ibyo ategetse byose bigomba kubahirizwa n'abaturage ayobora. Ubwo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yashyirwaga mu bikorwa, Perefegitura ya Cyangugu yari igizwe muri rusange na segiteri 115. Ku mugereka w'iki gitabo murahasanga imbonerahamwe igaragaza segiteri zose, abakonseye baziyoboraga mu 1994 n'uruhare bagize muri Jenoside. 1. 5. Abayobozi bakuru mu nzego z'igihugu bakomokaga mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu Perefegitura ya Cyangugu yakomokagamo abategetsi bata- ndukanye bo mu nzego za gisivili na gisirikare.

CNLG_jenoside_cyangugu.pdf

27 Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu 1. 5. 1. Abayobozi bakuru Perefegitura ya Cyangugu yakomokagamo ababaye abayobozi mu nzego nkuru z'igihugu batandukanye, baranzwe n'urwango, bitabira umugambi wa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Muri bo harimo : -Minisitiri Bucyana Martin wakomokaga mu yahoze ari Komini Cyimbogo, ubu ni mu Murenge wa Mururu, Akarere ka Rusizi. Bucyana Martin yabaye Minisitiri w'amaposita kuri Repubulika ya kabiri. Mu 1992, Bucyana Martin niwe wari ukuriye ku rwego rw'igihugu ishyaka rya CDR ryashishikarije Abahutu kurimbura Abatutsi. Akaba yarishwe ku wa 22 Gashyantare 1994, urupfu rwakurikiwe no kwibasira Abatutsi hirya no hino mu Gihugu cyane cyane i Cyangugu aho yakomokaga. -Minisitiri Ntagerura André wakomokaga mu yahoze ari Komini Karengera, ubu ni mu Murenge wa Karengera, Akarere ka Nyamasheke. Ntagerura André yize ibyerekeranye n'ubutegetsi n'ubukungu muri Kaminuza ya Laval iri mu Ntara ya Québec muri Canada. Nyuma yo kurangiza amashuri yakoze muri Kaminuza y'u Rwanda ari Umwarimu nyuma aba Umunyabanga Mukuru w'iyo Kaminuza. Mu 1981, yabaye Minisitiri, ayobora Minisiteri zitandukanye zirimo iy'Imibereho Myiza y'Abaturage no Guteza Imbere Amakoperative, iy'Imirimo ya Leta n'Ingufu, iy'Amashuri Makuru n'Ubushakashatsi mu by'Ubuhanga n'iy'Ubwikorezi n'Ituma naho ari na yo yabarizwagamo ONATRACOM. Mu 1994, Ntagerura André yari Minisitiri w'Ubwikorezi n'Itumanaho. Kugera mu 1994, Ntagerura André ni we wari Minisitiri urusha abandi uburambe muri ako kazi, akaba kandi umurwanashyaka ukomeye wa MRND, ishyaka ryateguye rikanashyira mu bikorwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Kubera iyo mpamvu, yahawe ubutumwa bwo guhagararira guverinoma mu mishyikirano na FPR yabereye Arusha muri Tanzaniya. N'ubwo yagizwe umwere na TPIR, abarokotse Jenoside bemeza ko ari umwe mu bateguye Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi i Cyangugu cyane cyane mu yahoze ari Komini Karengera na Bugarama.

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28 Mu bayobozi bo mu nzego nkuru z'igihugu bakomokaga muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu harimo kandi : -Minisitiri Dr. Nsengumuremyi François wakomokaga i Mibirizi mu yahoze ari Segiteri Rukunguri, Komini Gishoma, ubu ni mu Karere ka Rusizi. Dr. Nsengumuremyi François yabaye Minisitiri w'Ubuzima muri Guverinoma yashyizweho ku wa 4 Gashyanatre 1991. Nta bwo ariko yatinze muri iyo Guverinoma kubera ko atagaragaye mu bagize Guverinoma yashyizweho ku wa 31 Ukuboza 1991, aho ku mwanya yariho yasimbujwe Dr. Ndarihoranye Jean-Baptiste wakomokaga ku Gisenyi. Ubwo Dr. Nsengumuremyi François yabaga Minisitiri yikomwe bikomeye na Ngeze Hassan wari umuyobozi mukuru wa Kangura avuga ko Inyenzi zabinjiyemo. Ibyo byatumye yegura kuri uwo myanya, ajya gukora muri Croix-Rouge Rwanda. Akaba yararokotse Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994. -Minisitiri Nkundabagenzi Fidèle wakomokaga mu yahoze ari Komini Gafunzo, ubu ni mu Karere ka Nyamasheke. Nkundabagenzi Fidèle yabaye Minisitiri w'Itangazamakuru muri Guverinoma yashyizweho ku wa 31 Ukuboza 1991. Nta bwo ariko yatinze muri Guverinoma kubera ko atagaragaye mu bagize Guverinoma yashyizweho ku wa 16 Mata 1992 aho ku mwanya yariho yahise asimbuzwa Ndengejeho Pascal wakomokaga i Kigali. -Minisitiri Nteziryayo Siméon wakomokaga ku Rusunyu mu yahoze ari Komini Kamembe, ubu ni mu Murenge wa Gihundwe, Akarere ka Rusizi. Nteziryayo Siméon yabaye Ministre des Travaux Publics na Minisitiri mu biro bya Perezida wa Repubulika kuri Repubulika ya kabiri kugera mu 1991. -Ambasaderi Bizimana Jean Damascène wakomokaga i Nyamateke muri Nyamugali, ubu ni mu Murenge wa Shangi, Akarere ka Nyamasheke. Mu 1994, Bizimana Jean Damascène yari ahagarariye u Rwanda muri ONU. Nk'umunyapolitiki wari ukomeye, ntiyigeze aba umunyakuri ngo atangarize Akanama gashinzwe Umutekano ku Isi ko ibiri kubera mu Rwanda ari Jenoside: umugambi wateguwe wo kurimbura Abatutsi. Ahubwo yavugaga ko ubwicanyi buri kubera mu Rwanda bwatewe n'ihanurwa ry'Indege ya Perezida Habyarimana Juvénal, agashimangira ko Leta y'Inzibacyuho igiye kugarura

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29 Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu umutekano mu baturage. Ubu aba muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, mu mujyi wa Opelika. 49 -Ambasaderi Ndagijimana Jean Marie Vianney wakomokaga mu yahoze ari Komini Cyimbogo i Mururu, ubu ni mu Karere ka Rusizi. Ndagijimana Jean Marie Vianney yakoze akazi gatandukanye muri Leta yateguye inashyira mu bikorwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Yakoze muri Ministeri y'Ubutegetsi n'Amajyambere y'Abaturage nk'umujyanama wa Minisitiri Colonnel Alexis Kanyarengwe wasimbuwe na Minisitiri Thomas Habanabakize, akora muri Ambasade y'u Rwanda mu Bubiligi, nyuma aba Umunyamabanga mukuru muri Ministeri y'Abakozi ba Leta, Imirimo n'Ihugurwa ry'Abakozi kugeza muri Mutarama 1986. Kuva ubwo, Ndagijimana Jean Marie Vianney yabaye Ambasaderi w'u Rwanda Addis-Abeba, ahagarariye u Rwanda muri Ethiopie na Sudani, anahagarariye u Rwanda mu muryango w'ibihugu by'Afurika wa OUA, no muri CEA ikigo cya ONU cyari gishinzwe ibibazo by'ubukungu muri Afurika. Mu 1990 yabaye Ambasaderi w'u Rwanda mu Bufaransa akorera i Paris kugeza muri Mata 1994. Nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, yabaye Minisitiri w'Ububanyi n'Amahanga, ahunga Igihugu muri Nzeri 1994. Ubu aba mu Bufaransa, akaba ari mu murongo w'abapfobya bakanahakana Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. -Procureur Nkubito Alphonse Marie wakomokaga mu yahoze ari Komini Bugarama. Nkubito Alphonse Marie yize amategeko muri Kaminuza Nkuru y'u Rwanda, aho yarangirije icyiciro cya 2 cya Kaminuza mu 1978. Nyuma yo kurangiza Kaminuza yakoze imirimo itandukanye muri Minisiteri y'Ubutabera kugeza abaye Umushinjacyaha Mukuru w'u Rwanda. Nkubito Alphonse Marie ni umwe mu bantu 5050 bashinze umuryango uharanira uburenganzira bw'ikiremwamuntu uzwi ku izina rya 49 Bosco, David (4 April 2010). „Rwanda's ex-U. N. ambassador, who vanished after genocide, resurfaces in Alabama”. The Washington Post. 50 Hangimana F. Xavier, Mbaraga Paul, Havugimana Deogratias, Mukama Révérien, Ntampaka Charles, Murayi Oscar, Semusambi Félicien, Nkongoli Laurent, Mukasine Marie Claire, Nkezabo Jean Damascène, Nyagatare Diogène, Nkubito Alphonse Marie, Rwabagande Servilien, Kabagema Ferdinand, Habiyaremye Antoine, Mbarushimana Bonaventure, Kamanzi Alphonse, Mugiraneza Prosper, Nkurunziza Charles, Mbonampeka Stanislas, Sezikeye Gaspard, Hitimana Antoine, Niyonsaba Séraphine, Cyanzayire Aloysie, Harerimana Stanislas, Ntamfurayinda Joseph, Ntakirutimana Charles, Rubaduka Jean, Niyomubyeyi Victor, Cyiza Augustin, Hakizimfura Emmanuel, Byabarumwanzi François, Mukayiranga Landrada, Ngango Félicien, Ngabo Pie, Matunguru Sylvestre, Ndorimana Paul, Mukeshimana Léonard, Niyonizera Claudien, Gakwaya Théobald, Bagirubwiko Théoneste, Sibomana André, Mwizerwa Célestin, Uwizeye Mathieu, Muhayimana Isaïe, Mugenzi Louis-Marie, Munyemana Justin, Gasasira Ephrem, Muhayeyezu Albert, Ruhumuriza Gaspard.

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30 “Association Rwandaise pour la Défense des Droits de l'Homme (ARDHO)”. ARDHO yashinzwe ku wa 30 Nzeri 1990 nyuma yo kubona ko uburenganzira bwa muntu bukomeje guhonyorwa hirya no hino mu Gihugu. Nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, Nkubito Alphonse Marie yabaye Minisitiri w'Ubutabera kuva muri Nyakanga 1994 kugeza muri Kanama 1995. Yitabye Imana ku wa 23 Gashyantare 1997 azize uburwayi. 1. 5. 2. Abadepite Perefegitura ya Cyangugu yakomokagamo abadepite batandukanye babaye mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko y'u Rwanda. Ikibabaje ni uko aho kuba intumwa za Rubanda muri rusange, biyeguriye umugambi wa Jenoside, bashishikarira kurimbura Abatutsi. Muri bo harimo: -Depite Busunyu Michel wakomokaga mu Rwintare mu yahoze ari Komini Karengera, ubu ni mu Karere ka Nyamasheke. Yabaye Depite kuri Repubulika ya mbere. Mu 1994 ubwo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yashyirwaga mu bikorwa, Busunyu Michel yari Perezida wa MRND muri Komini Karengera. Akaba yaraburanishijwe n'Inkiko Gacaca, ahanishwa igihano cya burundu y'umwihariko kubera uruhare yagize muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. 51 -Depite Baligira Felicien wakomokaga i Bugungu mu yahoze ari Komini Gisuma, ubu ni mu Murenge wa Giheke, Akarere ka Rusizi. Kuba umurwanashyaka ukomeye wa MRND byamufashije kuba Umudepite mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko y'u Rwanda. RPF Inkotanyi imaze guhagarika Jenoside, Depite Barigira Félicien yahise ahunga Igihugu, ubu aba mu Bufaransa. Akaba ari ku rutonde rw'abashakishwa n'Ubutabera bw'u Rwanda kugira ngo bakurikiranwe ku ruhare bagize mu itegurwa n'ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. -Depite Gatabazi Vénuste wakomokaga muri Segiteri Muhehwe, mu yahoze ari Komini Bugarama, ubu ni mu Karere ka Rusizi. Yaguye muri DRC ataburanishijwe ku ruhare yagize muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. 51 Urukiko Gacaca rw'Ubujurire rwa Gashonga, Rusizi, 2009; Urukiko Gacaca rw'Ubujurire rwa Gihundwe B, Rusizi, 2010;

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31 Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu -Depite Kamanzi Meshak wakomokaga mu yahoze ari Komini Bugarama. Yaguye muri Gereza ya Rusizi ataburanishijwe ku ruhare yagize muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. -Depite Kwitonda Pierre wakomokaga muri Segiteri Kigurwe, mu yahoze ari Komini Nyakabuye, ubu ni mu Karere ka Rusizi. Yaguye muri Gereza ya Rusizi. 1. 6. Abanyapolitiki bazwi ku rwego rw'igihugu Mu banyapolitiki bazwi ku rwego rw'Igihugu bakomokaga mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu harimo: -Twagiramungu Faustin alias Rukokoma wakomokaga mu yahoze ari Komini Gishoma, ubu ni mu Karere ka Rusizi. Yabaye Umuyobozi Mukuru wa Société des Transports Internationaux au Rwanda (STIR) yari ishinzwe ubwikorezi mu Rwanda. Azwi nk'umunyapolitiki ukomeye wahanganye n'ubutegetsi bwa Perezida Habyarimana Juvénal batavugaga rumwe. FPR- Inkotanyi imaze guhagarika Jenoside, Twagiramungu Faustin yabaye Minisitiri w'Intebe ku wa 19 Nyakanga 1994. Uwo mwanya ariko ntiyawumazeho igihe kirekire kuberako yahise ahunga Igihugu ku wa 31 Kanama 1995. Ubu aba mu Bubiligi, akaba ari mu murongo w'abapfobya bakanahakana Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. 1. 7. Abayobozi mu nzego za gisirikare Perefegitura ya Cyangugu yakomokagamo abasirikare bakomeye batandukanye bari no mu nzego zo hejuru zifatirwamo ibyemezo barimo Brigadier Général Gratien Kabiligi wakomokaga mu yahoze ari Komini Kamembe aho yavukiye mu 1951. Yize ibijyanye n'igisirikare kandi agira imyanya ikomeye mu nzego zacyo. Mu 1994, ubwo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yashyirwaga mu bikorwa, Brigadier General Gratien Kabiligi yari umuyobozi w'ibikorwa bya gisilikari by'ingabo z'igihugu (FAR). Uretse Brigadier Général Gratien Kabiligi, Perefegitura ya Cyangugu yakomokagamo abasirikare batandukanye barimo: Lt Colonel Innocent Rwanyagasore, Lt Colonel GD Innocent Bavugamenshi wakomokaga muri Segiteri Nyamubembe muri Komini Nyakabuye, Lt Colonel Claudien Singirankabo wakomokaga i Mutimasi muri Komini Cyimbogo, Major Rwabukwisi Alexis,

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32 Major Augustin Cyiza wayoboraga Urukiko rwa Gisirikare akomoka muri Komini Gafunzo, Major Bizimungu Christophe, Captaine Kayihura Pascal, Captaine Habyarimana Innocent wavukaga muri Segiteri Bunyangurube, Komini Gafunzo, ubu ni mu Murenge wa Nyabitekeri, Captaine Twagiramungu Théophile wakomokaga muri Komini Nyakabuye, Capitaine Sagahutu Innocent wakomokaga muri Komini Gisuma, Lt Kanamugire Callixte, Lt Maniraguha Damien wakomokaga muri Komini Kagano, Lt Nsengamungu Bernardin, S/Lt Hitimana Anaclet, S/Lt Habimana Faustin n'abandi. N'ubwo abasirikare bavuzwe haruguru bakomoka mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu, mu 1994 bari hirya no hino mu Gihugu ku buryo bigoye kumenya uko buri wese yitwaye muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, hari abagarukwaho n'abatangabuhamya barimo Brigadier Général Gratien Kabiligi bemeza ko n'ubwo Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda rwamugize umwere mu rwego rwa nyuma rw'ubujurire, taliki ya 11 Gashyantare 2014, abarokotse Jenoside bemeza ko ari umwe mu bashyigikiye umugambi wa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Yibukwa kandi kuba yararanzwe n'imvugo zishishikariza Abasirikare kurwanya uwo yitaga umwanzi aho yakundaga gukoresha ijambo ry'igifaransa “déraciner ” bivuze kurimbura. 52 Nk'uko byari byaremejwe n'urwego rukuru rwa Gisirikare nawe yabarizwagamo byavugwaga ku mugaragaro ko umwanzi w'Abahutu ari Umututsi. Hari kandi Capitaine Innocent Sagahutu wari umugaba wungirije wa “ Bataillon de reconnaissance,” umutwe w'ingabo z'u Rwanda ushinzwe iperereza kugera muri Nyakanga 1994. RPF Inkotanyi imaze guhararika Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, Capitaine Innocent Sagahutu yahunze Igihugu, yerekeza muri Denmark. Ku wa 15 Gashyantare 2000, Capitaine Innocent Sagahutu yafatiwe i Skjern muri Denmark, ku wa 24 Ugushyingo 2000 yohererezwa Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda Arusha (ICTR) muri Tanzaniya. 52 Urubanza Ubushinjacyaha buregamo Théoneste Bagosora, Gratien Kabiligi, Aloys Ntabakuze Anatole Nsengiyumva, Case No. ICTR-98-41-T, Judgement and Sentence, igika cya 278, urupapuro rwa 66, 18 Ukuboza 2008.

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33 Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu Yaburanishijwe n'Urukiko rwa ICTR, ashijwa kugira uruhare muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, akatirwa igifungo cy'imyaka 15 ku wa 11 Gashyantare 201453. Mu kwezi kwa Gicurasi 2014, Theodor Meron wahoze ari umucamanza w'Urukiko rwa ICTR akaza kugirwa umuyobozi w'urwego rwa MICT ( Mechanism for International Criminal Tribunals ) rwahawe inshingano zo kurangiza imanza z'uru rukiko, yarekuye by'agateganyo Capitaine Innocent Sagahutu nyuma yo kurangiza 2/3 by'igihano yari yahawe. Abatangabuhamya bagaruka kandi kuri Lt Colonel Claudien Singirankabo wakomokaga i Mutimasi muri Komini Cyimbogo. Azwiho kuba yarahaye imbunda Interahamwe za Yusufu Munyakazi mu Bugarama, imbunda zanyujijwe kuri Sebatware Marcel wayoboraga uruganda rwa CIMERWA. Izo mbunda nizo Interahamwe za Yusufu Munyakazi zigiyeho kurasa, zinakoreshwa muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi hirya no hino muri Cyangugu ndetse no ku Kibuye ku Musozi wa Kizenga no mu Bisesero. 54 Uretse abigaragaje mu gushyigikira umugambi wa Jenoside, Abarokotse Jenoside bagaruka ku butwari bwaranze Lt Colonel GD Innocent Bavugamenshi wakomokaga muri Segiteri Nyamubembe muri Komini Nyakabuye. Yayoboye Jandarumori ya Cyangugu kuva mu mpera z'Ukwezi kwa Mata 1994 asimbuye Lt Colonel Ladislas Munyarugerero. Lt Colonel Bavugamenshi Innocent amaze kumenya ko Interahamwe zifite umugambi wo kwica Abatutsi bari barokotse kuri Paruwasi ya Mibilizi nyuma y'aho abenshi muri bo bishwe, cyane cyane mu bitero bagabweho n'Interahamwe za Bandetse Edouard kuva ku wa 07 kugera kuwa 30 Mata 1994, Padiri Ndorimana asobanura ko kuwa 5 Gicurasi 1994 Lt Colonel Bavugamenshi Innocent yagiye i Mibirizi kuvugana na Bandetse Edouard wari ukuriye Interahamwe, ahava bemeranyijwe ko nta Nterahamwe igomba kongera gusagarira abapadiri n'impunzi barokotse i Mibirizi. 55 Kuva ubwo abarokokeye i Mibirizi bemezako bagize agahenge, kugera bajyanywe mu Nkambi ya Nyarushishi. 53 The Prosecutor v. Augustin Ndindiliyimana, François-Xavier Nzuwonemeye and Innocent Sagahutu, Case NO. ICTR-00-56-A, Judgment, Appeals Chamber, 11 Febrary 2014. 54 Ikiganiro n'umutangabuhamya BAPFAKURERA Jean mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 03 Ugushyingo 2017. Yarokotse Jenoside akaba yarakoraga muri CIMERWA. 55 Ndorimana Jean, Rwanda 1994: Idéologie, Méthode et négationisme du génocide des Tutsi. A la lumière de la chronique de la région de Cyangugu. Perspectives de construction, Edition VIVERE IN, 2003, p. 78

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34 Abarokotse Jenoside bazirikana na none ubutwari bwa Lt Colonel Bavugamenshi Innocent wabakijije Interahamwe zari zarangije kubagotera mu nkambi ya Nyarushishi, ku wa 23 Kamena 1994. Mu gihe Interahamwe zari zitaratangira kwica, ariko zamaze kunoza imyiteguro yose, buri wese ahagaze mu mwanya we, Lt Colonnel Bavugamenshi Innocent yabatabaye aherekejwe n'imodoka ebyiri zuzuye abajandarume bavuye i Cyangugu. 56 Bageze i Nyarushishi, Lt Colonnel Bavugamenshi Innocent yabwiye Interahamwe ko bose bajya kwakira Abafaransa bari baje muri Opération Turquoise, impunzi zigasigara zirinzwe n'abajandarume bari bazanye nawe. Interahamwe zose zahise zigenda, Abatutsi bari mu Nkambi ya Nyarushishi barokoka batyo. 57 1. 8. Imibanire y'Abanyarwanda mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu Cyangugu yari izwi nka “Teritwari ya Shangugu” mbere y'i 1959, yari ituwe n'amoko yose kandi abayituye bari babanye neza. Kubera ko Cyangugu yari ku mupaka, yari ifite umwihariko w'uruvangitirane rw'abantu kuko abenshi babaga barakomotse muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo (harimo abaturutse za Rwindi kwa Ngweshi i Burega, i Bukavu n'ahandi), abandi baraturutse i Burundi. Kayumba Sébastien asobanura ko abenshi muri bo bazaga gutura i Cyangugu bahunze kubera kunaniranwa n'abategetsi babo, abandi bakazanwa no gushaka imibereho: kuroba, guhiga n'ibindi. Muri rusange ariko barangwaga no kubana neza n'abo basanze. 58 Imibanire y'abatuye Cyangugu yatangiye kuzamo agatotsi nyuma y'itangira ry'inkubiri ya “ Révolution Sociale ” yo mu 1959. Ni bwo Abatutsi batangiye kwicwa, barameneshwa, baratwikirwa, imitungo yabo irasahurwa, abenshi bahunga igihugu, abasigaye insoresore za MDR PARMEHUTU zitwaga Abajenesi zirabatoteza, zirabahohotera harimo no kubambura ibyabo. 56 Ikiganiro n'umutangabuhamya HABIMANA Casimir mu Karere ka RUSIZI, Ukwakira 2017. 57 Ikiganiro n'umutangabuhamya NAMBAJIMANA Donati mu Karere ka RUSIZI, Ugushyingo 2017. 58 Ikiganiro n'umutangabuhamya KAYUMBA Sébastien mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 9 Ukwakira 2017.

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35 Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu 1. 8. 1. Mbere y'Ubukoloni Mbere y'umwaduko w'Abakoloni, Abanyarwanda bari babanye neza mu yahoze ari Teritwari ya Shangugu, basabana muri byose. Kimwe n'ahandi hose mu gihugu, bari bafite amoko yabahuzaga ashingiye ku miryango. Habaga umuryango mugari (clan) uhuriwemo n'imiryango myinshi (Abacyaba, Abungura, Ababanda, Abega, Abashambo, Abasinga, Abanyiginya, Abatsobe,... ). Amenshi muri ayo mazina y'imiryango yabaga ahuriweho n'Abahutu n'Abatutsi. Buri muryango wagiraga umukuru cyangwa umuyobozi n'ikiwuranga rusange ( tôtème ), akenshi cyabaga ari inyamaswa cyangwa inyoni. Ibyo ni byo Bernard Lugan yagaragaje ubwo yandikaga ko u Rwanda rwihariye muri Afurika, ko ari igihugu cyuzuye, kandi imbibi zacyo ntizashyizweho n'ubukoloni. Avuga ko muri icyo gihugu amoko abiri ariyo yiganje: Abahutu n'Abatutsi, kandi yose avuga ururimi rumwe, akanahurira ku gihugu kimwe bemera bose. Mu by'ukuri ibibatandukanya ntibishingiye ku moko, ahubwo ku mibanire ishingiye ku ngoma ya Cyami. 59 Muri rusange, Abanyarwanda bose bari bamwe, basenyera umugozi umwe nk'abavandimwe basangiye byose. 1. 8. 2. Mu gihe cy'Ubukoloni Imibanire myiza yaranze Abanyarwanda mbere y'ubuko- loni ntiyakomeje, yasenyutse buhoro buhoro ku nyungu z'Abakoloni. Abakoloni b'Ababiligi bakigera mu Rwanda nyuma yo gutsinda Abadage mu 1916 bazanye impinduka nyinshi mu nzego zitandukanye z'imibereho y'Abanyarwanda bagamije gusenya ibyari bibabumbiye hamwe. Abakoloni n'abamisiyoneri bakoresheje amayeri menshi kugera Umwami Yuhi V Musinga wayoboraga u Rwanda bamukuye ku bwami, bamucira i Kamembe muri Cyangugu. 1. 8. 2. 1. Umugambi w'Ababiligi wo guhirika ingoma ya Cyami Abakoloni b'Ababiligi bagambiriye guhirika ingoma ya Cyami mu macenga akomeye Abanyarwanda batari kuzamenya vuba ariko i bwami bo babonaga aho biganisha. Kubera iyo mpamvu, Umwami Yuhi V Musinga ntiyashoboye kumvikana 59 Bernard Lugan (1997), Histoire du Rwanda, de la prehistoire a nos jours, Bartillat, P. 68-69.

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36 na bo kuko bashatse kwivanga mu miyoborere y'u Rwanda no guhindura imyemerere y'Abanyarwanda. 1. 8. 2. 1. 1. Kwambura Umwami Yuhi V Musinga ububasha n'icyubahiro Mbere na mbere Ababiligi bambuye Umwami kuba umukuru w'igihugu. Bashyizeho uburyo bw'imiyoborere bwaturukaga mu bwami bw'u Bubiligi. Mu mwaka wa 1917, nyuma y'umwaka umwe bageze mu Rwanda, bashyizeho “Rezidansi” y'u Rwanda, hategeka Major Declerk. Bashyiraho za 'Teritwari” ari na ko batoranya abatware bo kuziyobora. Imitegekere y'u Rwanda yarahinduwe cyane, hagenda hashyirwaho indi yihariye izwi cyane n'Ababiligi. Dore uko ubutegetsi bwakurikiranaga mu gukomera: 1. Leta y'u Bubiligi ihagarariwe n'Umwami w'u Bubiligi ni yo yari hejuru; 2. Minisitiri ushinzwe ibihugu bikolonizwa n'u Bubiligi; 3. Guverineri Mukuru wa Kongo na Rwanda-Urundi60 4. Visi-Guverineri w'u Rwanda-Urundi; 5. Rezida w'u Rwanda; 6. Umwami w'u Rwanda. Umwami w'u Rwanda yakoreraga munsi y'amategeko ya Rezida. Nta cyo yashoboraga gukora atabanje kubyemererwa na Rezida. Iyo mitegekere yababaje Umwami Yuhi V Musinga maze agaragaza kutihanganira uko gukorerwamo. Abakoloni babonye ko Umwami Yuhi V Musinga atayoboka bamwambuye ubushobozi bwose, igitinyiro ndetse n'ibyubahiro ku buryo batatinyaga kumuha amabwiriza, bamufata nk'umukozi wabo bwite. Kuva ubwo rubanda rwatangiye kumubona nk'usanzwe, baramutinyuka. Umwami na we yajya gufata icyemezo bikamugora kuko yabanzaga kubaza Rezida Major Declerk uko abyumva. Mu 1917, Rezida Major Declerk yategetse Umwami Yuhi V Musinga gusinya iteka riha buri Munyarwanda uburenganzira bwo kuyoboka idini yishakiye. Umwami Yuhi V Musinga yari yaranze kuyoboka idini rindi ritari iry'Abanyarwanda. Ariko kubera igitutu cy'Ababiligi byaratinze aremera, atanga 60 Yabaga Léopord Ville (Kinshasa)

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37 Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu uburenganzira ku bashaka kuyoboka idini rishya. Umwanditsi Louis de Lacger yerekana ibyari bikubiye muri icyo cyemezo: Njyewe Musinga, Umwami w'u Rwanda, ntegetse ko guhera uyu munsi umuntu wese wo mu bwami bwanjye afite uburenganzira bwo kujya mu idini ashaka. Buri mushefu cyangwa umusushefu uzabuza abo ayobora cyangwa abana kwihitiramo idini ndetse no kujya kwiga mu mashuri ngo bahabwe ubumenyi, azahanwa hakurikijwe umuco nk'undi mushefu wese wiyibagiza ko agomba kunyumvira no kunyubaha, uwo azahanishwa kuva ku munsi 1 kugeza ku minsi 30 y'igifungo. 61 Mu 1922, Ababiligi bambuye umwami ububasha mu bucamanza, icyakora bavuga ko uwo murimo azajya awukora yunganiwe n'umuzungu uhagarariye Rezida. Mu 1923, Abakoloni bagabanya ububasha umwami yari afite bwo kugaba imisozi. Muri uwo mwaka, bamubujije gushyiraho abatware mu gihugu no kubanyaga uko ashaka, abatware b'intara na bo ntibashoboraga gushyiraho abasushefu bitabanje kunyura kuri Rezida. Ihame ry'uko imisozi yose ari iy'umwami riba rivuyeho. Bityo kugirango ugire umusozi ugabana, byasabaga gukeza umukoloni kuko niwe wagabaga byose uko ashatse. Mu 1925, Abakoloni bavanyeho “Ubwiru ” ndetse n'umuhango w'“Umuganura ” kubera ko byahaga umwami imbaraga imbere ya rubanda. Kimwe mu byo Ubwiru bwari bushinzwe ni ukuboneza umuhango w'Umuganura. Ubwiru bwari nk'Itegekonshinga ryo muri Repubulika y'ubu, ni bwo bwagenaga imihango y'Ingoma mu bika byitwaga “Inzira z'Ubwiru” Nyuma yo guca Ubwiru no guhagarika umuhango w'Umuganura, Administrateur wa Nyanza abyumvikanyeho na Musenyeri Classe bahisemo “guca” uwitwaga Gashamura wari umutware w'Abiru, bamucira i Gitega mu Burundi, bamuziza ko yari afite uruhare mu mitegekere no mu mibanire y'ibwami n'Abazungu. Umwami baba bamwambuye umujyanama mukuru yari afite. Nyuma yo guca Gashamura, umuhungu we Rwampungu Abakoloni bahise bamushyira mu ishuri riyoborwa n'Umubiligi kugira ngo bamutoze byinshi mu myumvire yabo 61 Louis de Lacger, Le Ruanda, Kabgayi, 1959, p. 466-467.

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38 kandi urubyiruko rukomoka mu Biru arukomereze hafi kuko ni bo bari abaragwa b'Ubwiru. Bandora wari Umupfumu n'umujyanama w' i bwami na we Abakoloni bahise bamwirukana i bwami, bamucayo, bamubuza kuzongera kuhatunguka. Kuva ubwo umwami asigara asa nk'aho ari wenyine. Umwami w'u Rwanda yari asigaye ari Umwami w'ikamba gusa. Umwami Yuhi V Musinga avuma abana be Ibikorwa Abakoloni b'Ababiligi bakoreye Umwami Yuhi V Musinga byamuteye kubanga. Bakoze ibishoboka byose kugira ngo umwami abayoboke ariko atsimbarara ku myemerere bamusanganye. Kubera uko kudahinduka k'umwami byatumye yatura ko n'abe bose batagomba gukurikira abazungu, ngo bayobokeundimwamiwavugwagamuriiyomyaka,ariwe Umwami Yesu Kirisitu. Yabifataga nk'umuziro atabasha kwihanganira. Muri icyo gihe, umukobwa we witwaga Musheshambugu wabaga i Cyangugu yatumye kuri Se, amubwira ko ashaka kujya kwiga idini rya Gikirisitu akazabatizwa, kubera ko umugabo we Rwagataraka wayoboraga Ubusozo n'Ubukunzi i Cyangugu yashakaga kuba Umukirisitu, maze umukobwa we Musheshambugu atangira kwiga ngo azabatizwe mu idini Gatulika. Nk'uko Nizeyimana Innocent abisobanura, inkuru yageze ku Mwami Yuhi V Musinga biramubabaza cyane, maze amwoherereza ubutumwa burimo amagambo akomeye yiganjemo imivumo, kandi yerekana uburyo Umwami Musinga atemeraga idini n'Abakoloni. Yagize ati: Wantumyeho umenyesha ko umugabo wawe ashaka ko uba umukirisitu, ko kandi na we ubishaka kubera ko uri umugore we. Bari barambwiye ko uwo mugabo wawe Rwagataraka atwanga, none ndabibonye koko ko atwanga. Impamvu itumye mbikubwira ni uko agiye kugukoresha umuziro ntashobora kugushyigikiramo. Navumye uwo ariwe wese mu bana banjye uzahinduka umukirisitu. Nihagira umwe muri bo uba we, azapfe adatunze kandi azabe ikiremba! Naba ari umukobwa, Imana izamfashe azapfe atabyaye, ntazanywe amata ku Muhutu no ku Mututsi kandi azavumwe n'umuntu uwo ari we wese uzi kuvuma! Ntugire ngo ndagukinisha nk'umugabo wawe. Niba ushaka kuba umukirisitu kugira ngo ushimishe umugabo wawe,

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39 Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu sinzongera kugukunda na rimwe, ndakurahiye. Mbe nica data Rwabugili niba ibyo nkubwiye atari byo. Nzakwifuriza ikibi cyose kibaho kubera kukwanga. Nzakwanga nk'uburozi bwishe umuvandimwe wanjye Munana, nkwange nka mugiga yishe abana banjye Munonozi na Rudacyahwa. Tega amatwi wumve neza, hitamo kunkunda, gukunda ubuzima bwawe cyangwa gukunda Rwagataraka. Nkurahiye nkomeje ko nuramuka ubaye umukirisitu ntazongera kurebana na we mu maso. Mbwira neza icyo utekereza mu mutima wawe. Musheshambugu, mbwiza ukuri kuko uyu ariwo munsi wo kunyereka ko uri umwana wanjye cyangwa utari we. Wibuke ko nuramuka ubaye umukirisitu bizanteranya n'abapadiri, ariko ibyo nta cyo bintwaye”. Yari Papa wawe, Umwami w'u Rwanda Yuhi Musinga. 62 Iyo baruwa ubwayo irerekana ko Umwami Yuhi V Musinga atigeze akunda na gato idini yari izanywe n'Abanyaburayi kandi Abihayimana bari bafite ijambo rikomeye mu gihugu kumurusha n'ubwo yari umwami. Musheshambugu amaze kubona ubutumwa bwa Se yagize ubwoba ntiyemera kubatizwa. Umutware Rwagataraka aramusenda acyurwa n'umutware wo mu Nyantango witwaga Muterahejuru. 63 1. 8. 2. 1. 2. Umwami Yuhi V Musinga acibwa ku ngoma akoherezwa i Kamembe muri Cyangugu Kugira ngo Umwami Yuhi V Musinga acibwe ku ngoma no mu gihugu byaturutse ku bamisiyoneri bari bahagarariwe na Musenyeri Classe. Bashinje Umwami Yuhi V Musinga ko yabuzaga Abanyarwanda kuyoboka idini bashaka. Umwanditsi Louis de Lacger asobanura ko Guverineri Voisin wari uhagarariye Umwami w'u Bubiligi muri Ruanda-Urundi yandikiye Musenyeri Classe ashinja Umwami Yuhi V Musinga kutagira ibyo yumva bitari mu nyungu ze gusa. Ashingiye kuri izo mpamvu, yamenyesheje Musenyeri Classe ko Umwami Yuhi 62 Louis de Lacger, Le Rwanda, Kabgayi, 1959, p. 529-530, cité par Nizeyimana Innocent, op. cit., p. 150-151 63 GASAKE, A. & GATERA, F., « Yuhi V Musinga Rugwizakurinda Umwami w'u Rwanda mu nzira y'ubunyereri », Kabgayi, 2017 , urupapuro rwa 160

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40 V Musinga aramutse asimbuwe vuba byaba byiza kurushaho. 64 Muri icyo gihe byarashobokaga cyane ko Umwami Yuhi V Musinga yashoboraga no kwicwa kugira ngo asimburwe n'umwe mubo abakoloni n'idini bazahitamo, kuko mu muco umwami yasimburwaga ari uko amaze gutanga. Ariko ntibyakozwe gutyo, bahisemo kumuca bamujyana kure y'ubutegetsi i Kamembe mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. Kubera ko Abanyarwanda bari bagikomeye ku Mwami nk'ikimenyetso cyo kubaho kw'igihugu, igikorwa cyo guhirika Musinga ku ngoma cyasabaga kubanza kwitonderwa. Umwanditsi Van Overschelde asobanura ko icyemezo cyo guca Umwami Yuhi V Musinga cyemejwe mu gitondo cyo kuwa 12 Ugushyingo 1931, Guverineri Voisin atangaza ko Umwami Yuhi V Musinga aciwe ku ngoma y'u Rwanda, ko atakiri Umwami w'u Rwanda. 65 Umwami amaze gucibwa yahise agenda, aherekezwa na Nyina Umugabekazi Nyirayuhi V Kanjogera n'abagaragu benshi cyane b'inkoramutima ze, ajya kuba i Kamembe muri Cyangugu. Amaze gucibwa himitswe umwana we Rudahigwa ahabwa izina ry'ubwami rya Mutara. Umwami Yuhi V Musinga ageze i Kamembe, Abanyarwanda benshi bakomeje kujya kumureba no kumutura. Abakoloni babibonye ntibabyishimira, maze bafata umwanzuro wo kwambutsa Musinga umupaka bamujyana i Moba muri Katanga ho muri Kongo Mbiligi, ari na ho yatangiye ku ya 25 Ukuboza 1944. 66 1. 8. 2. 1. 2. Kwimakaza ubusumbane n'umwiryane mu Banyarwanda Abakoloni b'Ababiligi bagendeye ku bitekerezo by'ubusumbane bw'amoko byariho mu Burayi icyo gihe, bemeje ko Abanyarwanda badaturuka hamwe, ko batandukanye kandi ko batagereye rimwe mu Rwanda. Abakoloni n'abayobozi b'amadini bemeje kandi ko Abatutsi ari bo bazi ubwenge, maze kubera iyo mpamvu banzura ko ari bo bagomba kwifashishwa mu butegetsi. 64 Louis de Lacger, Le Rwanda, Kabgayi, 1959, p. 466-477 65 Van Overschelde, A., Un audacieux pacifique, Grands Lacs, 1948, p. 73 66 GASAKE, A. & GATERA, F., op. cit., p. 8

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41 Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu Mu gihe cy'impera y'ubukoloni bw'Ababiligi (1956- 1960), ubwo bamwe mu Banyarwanda bari batangiye gushyira ahagaragara ibitekerezo biganisha ku gushaka ubwigenge, ubutegetsi bw'Abakoloni bufatanyije n'amadini, cyane cyane Kiliziya Gatolika, bwarwanyije uwo murongo. Kubera iyo mpamvu, Abakoloni n'abayobozi ba Kiliziya Gatolika bashyigikiye itsinda ry'Abahutu basohoye ku wa 24 Werurwe 1957 inyandiko bise “ Note sur l'aspect social du problème racial indigène au Ruanda ” yamenyekanye cyane ku inyito ya “Manifeste des Bahutu ”. Iyo nyandiko yerekanaga ko Abatutsi ari inzitizi y'iterambere ry'Abahutu mu nzego zose z'ubuzima. Muri icyo gihe kandi, nibwo hari inkubiri y'amashyaka menshi arimo abiri (APROSOMA na PARMEHUTU) yari ashingiye ahanini ku moko yari yashyizweho n'Ababiligi. APROSOMA na PARMEHUTU yagize uruhare runini mu gusenya umubano wari hagati y'Abanyarwanda no kwimakaza urwango hagati y'Abahutu n'Abatutsi. Ni muri urwo rwego mu Ugushyingo 1959 habayeho icyiswe “ Revolution Sociale ” yaranzwe no guhiga no kwirukana mu gihugu Abatutsi bahereye ku bakomeye: Abashefu, Abasushefu n'abandi. Muri icyo gihe, Abatutsi benshi barishwe abandi barameneshwa, amazu aratwikwa, imitungo irasahurwa. Umubare munini w'Abatutsi wameneshejwe wahungiye mu bihugu bihana imbibi n'u Rwanda: Uganda, u Burundi, Tanzaniya na Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo. Uretse abahungiye mu mahanga, abasigaye mu gihugu bakomeje gutotezwa. Muri icyo gihe hari ubwicanyi n'urugomo byakorerwaga Abatutsi, nibwo ku itariki ya 1 Nyakanga 1962 u Rwanda rwabonye ubwigenge, maze ruyoborwa na Perezida Grégoire Kayibanda washinze ishyaka rya PARMEHUTU. 1. 8. 3. Nyuma y'ubwigenge Nyuma yo kubona ubwigenge mu 1962, ya mashyaka yavuzwe haruguru yasheshwe n'ubutegetsi bwa Repubulika ya mbere, hasigara ishyaka rimwe rukumbi rya MDR- PARMEHUTU. Iryo shyaka ryaranzwe ku buryo bugaragara no kwita ku nyungu z'Abahutu bitaga “Rubanda Nyamwinshi”. Abatutsi badatandukaniye ku mateka, ururimi, umuco n'ibindi byose bihuza abakomoka mu gihugu kimwe bafatwa nk'abanzi,

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42 bavutswa uburenganzira ku gihugu, baricwa, bahohoterwa batagira kirengera. Mu 1963, bamwe mu Batutsi birukanywe mu gihugu kuva mu 1959 bashatse kugaruka ku ngufu mu bitero bise iby'Inyenzi, batera baturutse aho bahungiye muri Uganda no mu Burundi. Ibyo bitero byakurikiwe no kwica umubare munini w'Abatutsi bari barasigaye imbere mu gihugu. Kimwe n'ahandi hose mu gihugu, muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu hishwe umubare munini w'Abatutsi, bicirwa muri za kasho za Komini no mu ishyamba rya Nyungwe. Mu 1973, Abatutsi bongeye kwibasirwa mu gihugu hose, cyane cyane mu mashuri no mu kazi. Uwo mwaka wibukwa n'Abanyacyangugu nk'umwaka waranzwe no kwirukana Abatutsi benshi mu kazi no mu mashuri, barameneshwa, bahungira mu Burundi, muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo no mu bihugu bitandukanye by'amahanga. Ku wa 5 Nyakanga 1973, Général Major Habyarimana Juvénal wari Minisitiri w'Ingabo yahiritse ku butegetsi Perezida Kayibanda Grégoire ahita avanaho n'ishyaka rye rya PARMEHUTU. Amaze kumuhirika ku butegetsi, Perezida Habyarimana Juvénal nawe yahise ashyiraho ishyaka rimwe rukumbi rya MRND. Perezida Habyarimana Juvénal yagize iryo shyaka urwego rufite imbaraga kuko mu ntego zaryo harimo gushyigikira no kugenzura ibikorwa by'inzego zinyuranye za Leta. Inzego za MRND ntizari zitandukanye n'iz'ubutegetsi, zari zifite urwego rwo hejuru ruzikuriye kandi zagendaga zigaba amashami kuva ku buyobozi bwo hejuru kugeza ku bw'ibanze. Inzego zo ku rwego rw'igihugu zarimo urwa Perezidansi, urw'Ubunyamabanga Bukuru, urwa Kongere y'Igihugu, n'urwa Komite Nyobozi. Komite Nyobozi yari igizwe na Perezida, Umunyamabanga Mukuru ku rwego rw'Igihugu na Perezida w'Inteko Ishinga Amategeko (Inama y'Igihugu Iharanira Amajyambere) n'abandi bantu bashyirwagaho na Perezida w'ishyaka. Ku rwego rw'ibanze hariho inzego zo ku rwego rwa perefegitura, urwa komine n'urwa serire. Perefe na Burugumesitiri bari bashinzwe buri wese gushyira mu bikorwa politiki ya MRND mu rwego ategeka, kandi bombi bari abakozi ba

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43 Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu Leta bashyirwagaho na Perezida wa Repubulika ubwe, ari na we wari Perezida wa MRND, akaba ari we wenyine wari wemerewe kwiyamamaza ku mwanya wa Perezida wa Repubulika. Ishyaka rya MRND nta ho ryari ritaniye n'irya MDR- PARMEHUTU, kuko na ryo ryari rishishikajwe n'inyungu z'Abahutu, rikomeza guheza no gukandamiza Abatutsi; abahunze igihugu bakomeza kuvutswa uburenganzira ku gihugu cyabo, bangirwa gutahuka ku mugaragaro. Ibyo byashimangiwe na Perezida Habyarimana Juvenal mu 1988 aho yavuze ko impunzi zari zigizwe n'Abatutsi bahunze mu myaka ya 1959, 1961, 1963 no muri 1973 bidashoboka ko zigaruka mu gihugu kuko cyamaze kuzura, abasaba ahubwo gushaka ubwenegihugu bw'aho bari. Impunzi zari hanze y'igihugu zibonye ko kugaruka mu gihugu cyabo mu mahoro bidashoboka, kandi ko Perezida yabahakaniye ku mugaragaro, bahisemo kugaruka ku ngufu. Ni bwo bibumbiye mu mutwe wa Politiki wa FPR-Inkotanyi, maze ku wa 1 Ukwakira 1990 batangira urugamba rwo kubohora Igihugu barangajwe imbere n'umutwe wa gisirikari wa “RPA- Inkotanyi” yaje guhinduka “FPR-Inkotanyi”. Urugamba rwo kubohora igihugu rugitangira, Abatutsi bari imbere mu gihugu barishwe, abandi bafungwa babita ibyitso by'Inkotanyi. Mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu hafashwe Abatutsi benshi muri komini zose, bahera ku bishoboye (abakozi, abacuruzi) bajya gufungirwa kuri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. Ku bw'amahirwe abenshi barafunguwe ariko bamaze kubagira ibisenzegeri kubera gukubitwa. Kuva ubwo bakomeje kubaho muri ubwo buzima bwo gutotezwa no gufungwa bya hato na hato. Mu 1991, Perezida Habyarimana Juvénal yemeye ko mu gihugu habamo amashyaka menshi. Hahise haduka impinduramatwara n'inkubiri y'amashyaka menshi, ayigaragaje cyane ni: MRND yari isanzwe ku butegetsi, MDR ( Mouvement Démocratique Républicain ), PSD (Parti Social Démocrate ), PL (Parti Libéral ), PDC ( Parti Démocrate Chrétien ), PSR ( Parti Social Rwandais ), na PDI (Partie Démocrate Islamique ). Mu 1992 hashinzwe kandi CDR (Coalition pour la Défense de la République ). Ayo mashyaka menshi no mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu yari ahari, ariko ayamenyekanye cyane akitabirwa

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44 n'abaturage benshi ni MRND, MDR yayoborwaga ku rwego rw'igihugu na Twagiramungu Faustin wari Umunyacyangugu, akomoka mu yahoze ari Segiteri Ruhoko, Komini Gishoma, ubu ni mu Murenge wa Nzahaha, Akarere ka Rusizi hamwe na CDR yayoborwaga ku rwego rw'igihugu na Bucyana Martin, na we wari Umunyacyangugu akomoka mu yahoze ari Komini Cyimbogo i Mutongo, ubu ni mu Murenge wa Mururu, Akarere ka Rusizi. Amashyaka ya MRND, MDR na CDR yaranzwe no kwenyegeza urwango rushingiye ku moko, yigira umuvugizi w'Abahutu ku mugaragaro akoresheje cyane cyane za mitingi n'ibitangazamakuru bya rutwitsi nka RTLM (Radio Télévision Libre des Milles Collines ) na Kangura. Ayo mashyaka yashimangiye ku mugaragaro ko umwanzi w'Abahutu ari Umututsi bitaga “Inyenzi”. Iyo ngengabitekerezo yahawe agaciro n'ubutegetsi bwariho, imyiteguro ya Jenoside iranozwa kugera Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 ishyizwe mu bikorwa. Kimwe n'ahandi hose mu gihugu, mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu Jenoside yahabereye yari ifite ubukana bwinshi kuko imyiteguro yari yarashyizwemo imbaraga zidasanzwe, Interahamwe zaratojwe bihagije kandi haratanzwe inyigisho mu bice byose zishishikariza Umuhutu aho ari hose kumva ko nta wundi mwanzi igihugu gifite uretse Umututsi.

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2017. 45 Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu IGICE CYA KABIRI IBIKORWA BY'URUGOMO N'UBWICANYI BYAKOREWE ABATUTSI MURI PEREFEGITURA YA CYANGUGU KUVA MU 1959 KUGERA MU 1990 Perefegituraya Cyanguguyaranzwen'ibikorwaby'urugomo n'ubwicanyi byibasiye Abatutsi mu buryo buhoraho kuva mu mpera z'umwaka wa 1959. Amateka yuzuyemo ibihe bibi by'urwango byatumye habaho uruhererekane rw'ihohoterwa, gufungwa n'impfu za hato na hato, Abatutsi bakaba ku isonga mu bibasirwa. Abatutsi barishwe, baratwikirwa, imitungo yabo irasahurwa, birukanwa mu kazi no mu mashuri, abarokotse ubwicanyi bahungira i Burundi no muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo. 2. 1. Ibikorwa by'urugomo n'ubwicanyi byakorewe Abatutsi kuva mu cyiswe Révolution Sociale yo mu 1959 kugera mu 1961 Kuva ku itariki ya 1 Ugushyingo 1959 kugera ku itariki ya 1 Nyakanga 1962, u Rwanda rwaranzwe n'imvururu zikomeye mu cyiswe “Révolution Sociale” yo mu 1959. Izo mvururu zatumye Abatutsi ibihumbi n'ibihumbi bicwa hirya no hino mu gihugu, abandi bakurwa mu byabo barameneshwa, bahungira mu bihugu bihana imbibi n'u Rwanda bya Uganda, u Burundi, Tanzaniya na Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo. Muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu ubwicanyi bwatangiye mu mpera z'Ugushyingo 1959. Muri uko kwezi hishwe Abatutsi cyane cyane i Mururu hayoborwaga na Sushefu Senuma. Kuva ubwo abatware b'Abatutsi cyane cyane abashefu, abasushefu n'ibisonga byabo bahise batangira guhunga berekeza i Bukavu muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo. 67 Mu bahunze harimo Sushefu Bisanana wayoboraga Biguzi-Mwito-Giheke, Sushefu Rurakaza wo muri Cyimbogo, Sushefu Senuma wo muri Kiranga, Sushefu Kabaya wo muri Gashonga n'abandi. Shefu Biniga we ntiyigeze ahunga, yakomeje kuyobora kugeza muri 1967. Yagiye muri Kongo yimutse bisanzwe, asanze abana be bari basanzwe baragiye gutura yo. Hahunze kandi Sushefu 67 Ikiganiro n'umutangabuhamya MUNYENTWARI Faustin mu Karere ka Rusizi ku wa 14 Ukwakira

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2017. 46 Kanyabugugu, Sushefu Mahenehene Céléstin wayobora Susheferi ya Busozo, Sushefu Ntemabiti wayoboraga Susheferi ya Bweyeye n'abandi. 68 Uretse abashefu n'abasushefu, hahunze Mwarimu Rwabutiku Antoine, Mwarimu Gashati Evariste wigishaga ku Mugina, Gakwisi wakoreraga Sekabwa n'abandi. Gatama Athanase na Callixte bo muri Karengera bo bahungishijwe na Musemakweli Charles. Muri Kirambo hahunze Rukorera wari utuye mu Kanazi, Rwamuhizi wari utuye i Tyazo, Kanangire, Bagirishya n'abandi Batutsi benshi bari bifashije, hasigara abaturage basanzwe. Muri Gatare hahunze Ndoli, Bagirishya Dester n'umuryango we (amaze kugenda inzu ye bahise bayisenya). Hahunze kandi Gasambi n'abana be, Munyangaju Aloys wo muri Mwasa, Bagirishya Jean Chrysostome wo muri Birembo, Rusumbamisega wo muri Mwasa, Gatare wo muri Macuba, Kabanguka wo mu Kirambo n'abandi. Mu 1960, ibikorwa by'urugomo n'ubwicanyi byarakomeje. Muri Gicurasi 1960, hishwe Abatutsi b'i Cyangugu cyane cyane i Nyamasheke hayoborwaga na Sushefu Nyirinkindi. Uretse ubwicanyi, hanatwitswe inzu nyinshi z'Abatutsi. Mu Ukwakira 1960, hatwitswe na none inzu nyinshi muri Sheferi y'Impala cyane cyane ahitwa i Biguzi, i Shangi na Shagasha. 69Gutwikira Abatutsi byaherekezwaga n'ibikorwa by'urugomo n'ihohoterwa bitandukanye, harimo no kubamenesha bagahungira i Burundi no muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo. Mu mpera z'umwaka wa 1960, ibintu byabaye bibi cyane mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu yose. Muri uwo mwaka, abanyapolitiki, cyane cyane abarwanashyaka ba PARMEHUTU, bashimangiye urwango hagati y'Abahutu n'Abatutsi, bituma haduka inkubiri ikomeye yo gutwikira Abatutsi no kubamenesha kuva mu Ugushyingo 1960. Byatangiriye muri Nyamasheke mu Bushenge aho uwari umugaragu wa Kayumba witwa Seruhago yishe Shebuja Kayumba wari waramugabiye. Nk'uko Habimana Casimir na Kampogo Constance babisobanura, Seruhago yateye icumu shebuja Kayumba abonye amugushije ariyamira, arivuga ati: 68 Ikiganiro n'umutangabuhamya KAYUMBA Sébastien mu Karere ka Rusizi ku wa 9 Ukwakira 2017. 69 Ikiganiro n'umutangabuhamya HABIMANA Casimir mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 18 Ukwakira

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47 Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu “nkwice nkwirahire Kayumba wampaye inka”70, 71. Kayumba amaze gupfa yishwe n'umugaragu we, Bayibarire Cyprien asobanura ko inkuru yasakaye muri Cyangugu hose, hirya no hino ku misozi Abahutu bakirirwa biyamira bati: “arapfuye Umututsi Kayumba w'igitwe kinini wangaga Abahutu”72. Kuva ubwo umubano wari hagati y'Abahutu n'Abatutsi wabaye mubi, Abatutsi barameneshwa, barahunga. Muri iyo nkubiri yo guhunga, Abatutsi batwarwaga n'imodoka zari zateganyijwe, ziturutse muri Repubulika Iharanaira Demokarasi ya Kongo. Muri icyo gihe hadutse kandi inkubiri yo gutwikira Abatutsi, umaze kuva mu rugo ahunze inzu ye igahita itwikwa. 73 Ibikorwa byo kumenesha no gutwikira Abatutsi byafashe ibice bitandukanye bya Perefefitura ya Cyangugu: Muri Komini Kamembe ibikorwa byo gutwika no kumenesha Abatutsi byatangiriye ku mutware Rwanyabugigira wari utuye ku Nkanka muri Gitwa. Nyuma yo kumumenesha, bahise batwika inzu ye, amatungo ye barasahura barajyana. Rwanyabugigira abonye ko ashobora no kwicwa yahise ahunga. 74 Kuva ubwo inzu z'Abatutsi hirya no hino muri Kamembe zaratwitswe. Mu babashije kumenyekana muri ubu bushakashatsi batwikiwe harimo Bihutu, Misago Laurent na Bandora Vénant bo muri Gihundwe, hatwikwa kwa Ruboneka, kwa Ngarukiye no kwa Nkangara bo ku Nkombo n'ahandi. Muri Komini Cyimbogo ababashije kumenyekana batwikiwe harimo nyina w'umutware Rusasura, batwikira Innocent wari utuye ku Winteko; i Nyamagana batwikira Baritazari wakoraga kwa Shefu Biniga, batwika no kwa Ephrasie; muri Gitovu batwikira Ambroise, Anselme, Bihugu, Martin Bihuku, Rusuku Mathieu n'abandi. Nyuma yo kubatwikira bahise bahungira muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo. Muri Komini Nyakabuye basenyeye Segisoromo Pascal, Rwandekwe Léodomir, Maro, Paul, Rwatambuga Pangarasi, 70 Ikiganiro n'umutangabuhamya HABIMANA Casimir mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 18 Ukwakira 2017. 71 Ikiganiro n'umutangabuhamya KAMPOGO Constance mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE ku wa 2 Ugushyingo 2017. 72 Ikiganiro n'umutangabuhamya BAYIBARIRE Cyprien mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE ku wa 16 Ugushyingo 2017. 73 Ikiganiro n'umutangabuhamya RUTAGARAMA Eugène mu Karere ka Rusizi ku wa 12 Ukwakira 2017. 74 Ikiganiro n'umutangabuhamya RUTERANA Thaddée mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 12 Ukwakira 2017.

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48 Mahenehene Célestin wari utuye i Nyabitimbo. Batwikiye kandi Bushikoko Célestin na Kamananga bo muri Mashesha, Nkuta Athanase n'abandi. Nyuma yo kubatwikira, imiryango yabo yahise ihungira i Burundi no muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo. Muri Komini Bugarama batwitse inzu ya Bizimana Fabien, batwikira Rukwavu wo muri Nyampanga, Shyirambere Aloys n'abandi. Hameneshejwe kandi Abatutsi benshi barimo Bayito, Nyampeta n'umukwe we, Sebitama, Gatarayiha, bene Musuhuke, Muhobera, Piyo, Nyamutezi, Murinda André, Bipfuko, Mukankusi, Rukoro wari umuhungu w'umutware Gisazi, Saidi Sefu, Saidi Hamisi, Ibrahim Birara n'abandi, bahungira mu Burundi. Bamaze kugenda amazu yabo yahise asenywa. Muri Komini Karengera hatwitswe inzu ya Munyangeyo Martin, hatwikirwa umuryango wa Nzarubara, umuryango wa Muhinda Théobard na bashiki be 3, hamwe n'abandi benshi bahita bameneshwa, barahunga. Muri Komini Gisuma hatwitswe kwa Nsengimana Callixte, kwa Karekezi Zacharie, kwa Renzaho Ildephonse, kwa Sembasha, kwa Bidindira n'abandi. Nyuma yo kubatwikira, bahise bahungira muri Kongo. Muri Komini Gafunzo batwikiye Nyiramugufi Véronique wari utuye ku Mugera, basenyera Antoine n'abandi. Komini Gafunzo na Gisuma yarimo aba propagandistes ba PARMEHURU benshi bagize uruhare mu gushimangira urwango hagati y'Abahutu n'Abatutsi kuva mu 1959. Muri bo twavuga Sarukondo wabaye Burugumesitiri wa mbere wa Komini Nyabitekeri akomoka muri Nyabitekeri, Karima wakomokaga i Mwito, Rukeratabaro w'i Bushenge wabaye Burugumesitiri wa Komini Bushenge, Kanyabacuzi wo muri Shagasha wabaye Burugumesitiri wa Komini Shagasha n'abandi. Kumenesha Abatutsi no kubatwikira byasakaye mu bice byose bya Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. Muri Komini Gatare hatwitswe inzu nyinshi z'Abatutsi cyane cyane ahitwa mu Rudaga, agace kari gasanzwe gatuwemo n'Abatutsi benshi.

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49 Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu Umubano mubi wigaragaje kandi no mu buzima busanzwe. Kuva mu 1961 insoresore za MDR-PARMEHUTU zitwaga abajenesi birirwaga baririmba ku misozi ngo: “ Abatutsi bose bazajya i Nyamata, akazasigara kose tuzagapfakaza, iyumvire LUNARI icyo washakaga!”. Ni muri icyo gihe hariho inkubiri yo kumenesha Abatutsi, babacira i Nyamata mu Bugesera. 75 Muri rusange, kuva mu cyiswe Révolution Sociale yo mu 1959, ibikorwa byo guhohotera no kumenesha Abatutsi byahawe intebe. Kubera ko Abatutsi nta yandi mahitamo bari bafite, batagira kirengera, bahise bahunga igihugu berekeza i Burundi no muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo, ibyabo birangizwa, ibindi byigabizwa n'Abahutu babamenesheje. 2. 2. Kwibasira no kwica Abatutsi muri Repubulika ya mbere (1962-1973) U Rwanda rumaze kubona ubwigenge ku wa 1 Nyakanga 1962, hagiyeho Repubulika ya mbere iyobowe na Perezida Grégoire Kayibanda. Ku wa 24 Ugushyingo 1962 hagiyeho Itegekonshinga ryagize u Rwanda Repubulika ishingiye kuri demokarasi (Ingingo ya 1, 2, 3, 4,7, 8, 9, 10) no ku mategeko agomba kubahiriza ikiremwamuntu ku buryo bujyanye n'amategeko mpuzamahanga. Ikibabaje ariko ni uko kuva Repubulika yajyaho, ibiteganywa n'amategeko ku iyubahirizwa ry'uburenganzira bwa muntu ntibyigeze bishyirwa mu bikorwa kubera ko Abatutsi bakomeje guhohoterwa no kwicwa bazira kuba Abatutsi. 2. 2. 1. Ibikorwa by'urugomo n'ubwicanyi byakorewe Abatutsi mu 1962 mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu Mu 1962, PARMEHUTU yari imaze kugaragara nk'imaze gushinga imizi, yaremye umutwe ugizwe n'insoresore zayo witwa Abajenesi. Rwari urubyiruko bigaragara ko rwahawe inshingano yo gutesha umutwe Abatutsi, bakabatera mu ngo, bakabakubita bakanabasahura. Muri ibyo bikorwa byabo, bagendaga bavuza ingoma, baririmba ku misozi bagira bati: “Mort! Mort! Mort! sasa tunakuja!”, berekana ko utera hejuru bamwica kubera ko bigereranyaga n'urupfu. 75 Ikiganiro n'umutangabuhamya HABIMANA Casimir mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 18 Ukwakira 2017.

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50 Barangwaga iteka n'ibikorwa by'urugomo bakoreraga Abatutsi. Mu rugo bageragamo bakubitaga abo basanze, utiguze vuba bakamwica. Mu kubikiza bahabwaga inka cyangwa amafaranga kugira ngo bagende. Kurimpuzu Vincent asobanura ibyo yiboneye n'amaso ubwo bateraga nyirarume ahari: Uwo mutwe wagiye kwa marume witwaga Fulgence, bagendaga baririmba, bahageze baramufata, batangira kumukubita, bakamubwira ngo naramutse ibendera. Baramukubise cyane, maze inkoni ziri hafi kumwica bafata ikimasa yagiraga bagiha izo nsoresore zibona kumureka. Izo nsoresore zabaga akenshi zishyigikiwe n'abantu bakuru, ari nabo bababwira aho bagomba gutera. Abateye kwa marume bari bashyigikiwe na Serusatsi Célestin, Ildéphonse Kanyamibwa, Pawulini, Kanyamibwa Védaste, Nyaminani Louis, Mahuku John, Sindambiwe, Mbarubukeye, Muzindutsi Adrien n'abandi. Muri rusange aho bageraga inka baratwaraga, amafaranga ukabaha, waba wavunuye urwagwa bakanywa urundi bakarujyana, ukagurisha urusigaye. Mu bari bakuriye uwo mutwe harimo Karima Vincent w'i Nyamasheke, Kazungu w'Igihango muri Karambi na Sore wo mu Cyimana. Mu bamamaye cyane muri uwo mutwe harimo kandi Paulin Hamenyimana, Sindayigaya Ildephonse na se Dismas n'abandi. 76 2. 2. 2. Ibikorwa by'urugomo n'ubwicanyi byakorewe Abatutsi mu 1963-1964 mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu Mu mpera z'umwaka wa 1963 no mu ntangiriro za 1964 habaye ubwicanyi bukomeye bwakorewe Abatutsi hirya no hino muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. Mu rwego rwo kunoza uwo mugambi mubisha, hashyizweho agatsiko kateguye ubwicanyi kanakurikirana ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryabwo. Dr. Bizimana Jean Damascène asobanura ko ako gatsiko kari kagizwe na Minisitiri wari Ushinzwe Imirimo ya Leta n'Ingufu Rusingizandekwe Otto wakomokaga mu Ruhengeri, woherejwe i Cyangugu na Perezida Kayibanda kugira ngo ayobore iyicwa ry'Abatutsi muri Cyangugu. Ako gatsiko kari kagizwe kandi na 76 Ikiganiro n'umutangabuhamya KURIMPUZU Vincent mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 10 Ukwakira 2017.

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51 Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu Perefe wa Cyangugu Ngirabatware Pascal bitaga « Gahini », wakomokaga i Hanika mu yahoze ari Komini Gatare, ubu ni mu Karere ka Nyamasheke. Karimo kandi Nsekarije Aloys wari ukuriye ingabo muri Perefegitura ya Cyangungu, Alphonse Bariyanga wari ukuriye Igipolisi muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu na Uhagaze Bernard wari Burugumesitiri wa Komini Mururu. 77 Ako gatsiko karimo kandi Kanyabacuzi Wenceslas wari Burugumesitiri wa Komini Shagasha, Ndiragiye Christophe wari Burugumesitiri wa Komini Nyakabuye na Bongwanubusa Damien alias Rumiruwaka wari ushinzwe ubugenzuzi mu Ishyaka rya PARMEHUTU, akomoka mu yahoze ari Komini Nyakabuye. Bongwanubusa Damien yari yarabaye umusirikari, nyuma aba umurwanashyaka ukomeye wa PARMEHUTU, ahorana imbunda aho agiye hose. 78 Mu 1963, Bongwanubusa Damien yari azwi nka « Commissaire Régionale Extra-ordinaire wa PARMEHUTU » muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. Afatanyije na Mbonyukongira Pierre wari « Propagandiste ukomeye wa PARMEHUTU muri Nyakabuye » biciye Abatutsi benshi ku gasozi ka Kajojwe i Nyakabuye, imirambo yabo bayijugunya mu mugezi wa Rubyiro. Hari kandi abiciwe ku mashyuza imirambo yabo ijugunywa mu « dukono » aho mu mashyuza. Bongwanubusa Damien yabaye sebukwe wa Minisitiri Ntagerura André wakomokaga mu yahoze ari Komini Karengera. 79 Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi mu mpera zo mu 1963 no mu ntangiriro zo mu 1964 mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu bwamamaye ku izina rya “ Trouble ”. Muri uwo mwaka, guhohotera no kwica Abatutsi byakozwe na Leta hitwajwe igitero cy'Inyenzi cyari cyagabwe mu Bugarama no mu Bweyeye. 2. 2. 3. Ibikorwa by'urugomo n'ubwicanyi byakorewe Abatutsi nyuma y'Ibitero by'inyenzi mu Bugarama no mu Bweyeye mu 1963 Mu 1963, bamwe mu Batutsi bari barameneshejwe bafashe umwanzuro wo kugaruka mu gihugu cyabo ku ngufu. 77 Ikiganiro Dr. BIZIMANA Jean Damascène yagejeje ku bitabiriye umuhango wo Kwibuka Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ku nshuro ya 24, wabereye i Mibirizi, Cyangugu, ku itariki ya 29 Mata 2018. 78 Ikiganiro n'umutangabuhamya HABIMANA Casimir mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 18 Ukwakira 2017. 79 Ikiganiro n'umutangabuhamya HABIMANA Casimir mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 18 Ukwakira 2017.

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