Explanation: Textual Entailment -> Deductive Reasoning

Explanation: Commonsense Reasoning

In this task, you're given a statement and three sentences as choices. Your job is to determine the neutral choice based on your inference from the statement and your commonsense knowledge. The neutral choice is a sentence that neither agrees nor disagrees with the statement. Indicate your answer as '1', '2', or '3', corresponding to the choice number of the selected sentence. If sentence X agrees with sentence Y, one's correctness follows from the other one. If sentence X disagrees with sentence Y, they can not be correct at the same time.

Input: Statement: Next to the MGM Grand you will find M and M World, four stories of merchandise and memorabilia dedicated to the candy that doesn't melt in your hand. Choices: 1. The candy has many fans who love its attractions. 2. There's four stories of memorabilia dedicated to a candy. 3. That particular candy melts and becomes difficult to eat.

Output: 1

Explanation: The candy may or may not be popular and the first choice is correct. Based on the statement, candy doesn't melt and there's four stories of memorabilia dedicated to a candy. So the second choice agrees with the statement and the third choice disagrees with the statement.

Input: Statment: I've forgotten his name now, confessed Tuppence. Choices: 1. Tuppence forgot his name. 2.Tuppence remembered his name later. 3. Tuppence never could forget his name.

Output: 2

Explanation: Tuppence may or may not have later remembered the name, and has definitely forgotten it. So the first choice agrees with the statement, the third choice disagrees with the statement and the second choice is correct.

Input: Statement: One of the first organizational realignments taking place is in the Office of the Taxpayer Advocate. Choices: 1. The office of the taxpayer advocate is the last to be realigned. 2. The realignment is taking place over a few weeks. 3. The office of the taxpayer advocate is having an organizational realignment.

Output: 2

Explanation: The office realignment duration is not known. So the second choice doesn't agree with the statement and doesn't disagree with it either.

Input: Statement: yeah i tell you what though if you go price some of those tennis shoes i can see why now you know they're getting up in the hundred dollar range. Choices: 1. The tennis shoes have a range of prices. 2. The tennis shoes can be in the hundred dollar range. 3. The tennis shoes are not over hundred dollars.

Output: 1

Explanation: The range of shoes' prices is not known. And, the first choice is correct.

Input: Statement: In 1994, fraction of households owning a personal computer is 0.25. Choices: 1. In 1994, 0.25 of households owned a PC, which was a high sum at the time. 2. In 1984, 0.8 of households owned a PC. In 1994, 0.25 of households owned a PC.

Output: 3

Explanation: The choice and statement both clearly fully agree that 0.25 of all households had PCs in 1994, hence choice 3 is incorrect.

Input: Statement: You could say you were in an auto accident, and the ambulance driver took you straight to Dr. Famous' office. Choices: 1. Ambulance drivers knew Dr Famous was great for treating famous people. 2. Ambulance drivers just took you to the hospital. 3. Ambulance drivers knew Dr Famous.

Output: 2

Explanation: The ambulance took the person to Dr. Famous, and not a hospital, so the second choice clearly disagress with the statement and is incorrect.

Input: Statement: The cattle and sugar barrels exported from the plantation in fact had these initials branded onto them. Choices: 1. There is no branding on barrels and cattle from the plantation. 2. The plantation produces tobacco in addition to cattle and sugar. 3. These initials were branded onto the barrels of sugar that were exported.

Output: 1

Explanation: Based on the statement there are branding on barrels and cattle from the plantation. So, the first sentence disagrees with the statement and it's incorrect. The correct answer is choice 2.

Input: Statement:  There were results at once. Choices: 1. The results came too slowly.  2. The results were abundant.  3. There were results asap.

Output: 1

Explanation: Based on the statement, There were results asap. So the first choice disagrees with the statement and it is incorrect. We don't know if the results were abundant or not and the second choice is correct.

History
Fiction
Dialogue
Law
Government and Politics

Input: Statement: You've never had a job. Choices: 1. You've never worked. 2. You've never been employed.  3. You had a job in the past.

Output: 1


Explanation: Commonsense Reasoning

Input: Statement: Next to the MGM Grand you will find M and M World, four stories of merchandise and memorabilia dedicated to the candy that doesn't melt in your hand. Choices: 1. The candy has many fans who love its attractions. 2. There's four stories of memorabilia dedicated to a candy. 3. That particular candy melts and becomes difficult to eat.

Output: 1

Input: Statment: I've forgotten his name now, confessed Tuppence. Choices: 1. Tuppence forgot his name. 2.Tuppence remembered his name later. 3. Tuppence never could forget his name.

Output: 2

Input: Statement: One of the first organizational realignments taking place is in the Office of the Taxpayer Advocate. Choices: 1. The office of the taxpayer advocate is the last to be realigned. 2. The realignment is taking place over a few weeks. 3. The office of the taxpayer advocate is having an organizational realignment.

Output: 2

Input: Statement: yeah i tell you what though if you go price some of those tennis shoes i can see why now you know they're getting up in the hundred dollar range. Choices: 1. The tennis shoes have a range of prices. 2. The tennis shoes can be in the hundred dollar range. 3. The tennis shoes are not over hundred dollars.

Output: 1

Input: Statement: In 1994, fraction of households owning a personal computer is 0.25. Choices: 1. In 1994, 0.25 of households owned a PC, which was a high sum at the time. 2. In 1984, 0.8 of households owned a PC. In 1994, 0.25 of households owned a PC.

Output: 3

Input: Statement: You could say you were in an auto accident, and the ambulance driver took you straight to Dr. Famous' office. Choices: 1. Ambulance drivers knew Dr Famous was great for treating famous people. 2. Ambulance drivers just took you to the hospital. 3. Ambulance drivers knew Dr Famous.

Output: 2

Input: Statement: The cattle and sugar barrels exported from the plantation in fact had these initials branded onto them. Choices: 1. There is no branding on barrels and cattle from the plantation. 2. The plantation produces tobacco in addition to cattle and sugar. 3. These initials were branded onto the barrels of sugar that were exported.

Output: 1

Input: Statement:  There were results at once. Choices: 1. The results came too slowly.  2. The results were abundant.  3. There were results asap.

Output: 1

Input: Statement: For example, mail could be sorted one day and delivered the next, resulting in a less demanding schedule. Choices: 1. The schedule is more hectic when mail is sorted in one day and delivered in another. 2. If mail can be sorted in one day, delivered the next the schedule will be less demanding.  3. A two day system of mail delivery works best.

Output: 3


Explanation: Commonsense Reasoning

Input: Statement: Next to the MGM Grand you will find M and M World, four stories of merchandise and memorabilia dedicated to the candy that doesn't melt in your hand. Choices: 1. The candy has many fans who love its attractions. 2. There's four stories of memorabilia dedicated to a candy. 3. That particular candy melts and becomes difficult to eat.

Output: 1

Input: Statment: I've forgotten his name now, confessed Tuppence. Choices: 1. Tuppence forgot his name. 2.Tuppence remembered his name later. 3. Tuppence never could forget his name.

Output: 2

Input: Statement: One of the first organizational realignments taking place is in the Office of the Taxpayer Advocate. Choices: 1. The office of the taxpayer advocate is the last to be realigned. 2. The realignment is taking place over a few weeks. 3. The office of the taxpayer advocate is having an organizational realignment.

Output: 2

Input: Statement: yeah i tell you what though if you go price some of those tennis shoes i can see why now you know they're getting up in the hundred dollar range. Choices: 1. The tennis shoes have a range of prices. 2. The tennis shoes can be in the hundred dollar range. 3. The tennis shoes are not over hundred dollars.

Output: 1

Input: Statement: In 1994, fraction of households owning a personal computer is 0.25. Choices: 1. In 1994, 0.25 of households owned a PC, which was a high sum at the time. 2. In 1984, 0.8 of households owned a PC. In 1994, 0.25 of households owned a PC.

Output: 3

Input: Statement: You could say you were in an auto accident, and the ambulance driver took you straight to Dr. Famous' office. Choices: 1. Ambulance drivers knew Dr Famous was great for treating famous people. 2. Ambulance drivers just took you to the hospital. 3. Ambulance drivers knew Dr Famous.

Output: 2

Input: Statement: The cattle and sugar barrels exported from the plantation in fact had these initials branded onto them. Choices: 1. There is no branding on barrels and cattle from the plantation. 2. The plantation produces tobacco in addition to cattle and sugar. 3. These initials were branded onto the barrels of sugar that were exported.

Output: 1

Input: Statement:  There were results at once. Choices: 1. The results came too slowly.  2. The results were abundant.  3. There were results asap.

Output: 1

Input: Statement: Spun and spun and spun the president's denial for months without bothering to check if it was true. Choices: 1. The President's advisors knew that it wasn't true. 2. The President was completely open from the start and made no denials. 3. The President kept denying, but did not check to see if it was true.

Output: 1


Explanation: Commonsense Reasoning

Input: Statement: Next to the MGM Grand you will find M and M World, four stories of merchandise and memorabilia dedicated to the candy that doesn't melt in your hand. Choices: 1. The candy has many fans who love its attractions. 2. There's four stories of memorabilia dedicated to a candy. 3. That particular candy melts and becomes difficult to eat.

Output: 1

Input: Statment: I've forgotten his name now, confessed Tuppence. Choices: 1. Tuppence forgot his name. 2.Tuppence remembered his name later. 3. Tuppence never could forget his name.

Output: 2

Input: Statement: One of the first organizational realignments taking place is in the Office of the Taxpayer Advocate. Choices: 1. The office of the taxpayer advocate is the last to be realigned. 2. The realignment is taking place over a few weeks. 3. The office of the taxpayer advocate is having an organizational realignment.

Output: 2

Input: Statement: yeah i tell you what though if you go price some of those tennis shoes i can see why now you know they're getting up in the hundred dollar range. Choices: 1. The tennis shoes have a range of prices. 2. The tennis shoes can be in the hundred dollar range. 3. The tennis shoes are not over hundred dollars.

Output: 1

Input: Statement: In 1994, fraction of households owning a personal computer is 0.25. Choices: 1. In 1994, 0.25 of households owned a PC, which was a high sum at the time. 2. In 1984, 0.8 of households owned a PC. In 1994, 0.25 of households owned a PC.

Output: 3

Input: Statement: You could say you were in an auto accident, and the ambulance driver took you straight to Dr. Famous' office. Choices: 1. Ambulance drivers knew Dr Famous was great for treating famous people. 2. Ambulance drivers just took you to the hospital. 3. Ambulance drivers knew Dr Famous.

Output: 2

Input: Statement: The cattle and sugar barrels exported from the plantation in fact had these initials branded onto them. Choices: 1. There is no branding on barrels and cattle from the plantation. 2. The plantation produces tobacco in addition to cattle and sugar. 3. These initials were branded onto the barrels of sugar that were exported.

Output: 1

Input: Statement:  There were results at once. Choices: 1. The results came too slowly.  2. The results were abundant.  3. There were results asap.

Output: 1

Input: Statement: and it's all over him the poor thing you know so there's definitely hazards to going camping if you don't know what you're looking at Choices: 1. You should know what you're doing if you want to go camping. 2. He got covered in poison ivy because he didn't recognize it. 3. Camping is very safe and you don't know what you're looking at.

Output: 2


Explanation: Commonsense Reasoning

Input: Statement: Next to the MGM Grand you will find M and M World, four stories of merchandise and memorabilia dedicated to the candy that doesn't melt in your hand. Choices: 1. The candy has many fans who love its attractions. 2. There's four stories of memorabilia dedicated to a candy. 3. That particular candy melts and becomes difficult to eat.

Output: 1

Input: Statment: I've forgotten his name now, confessed Tuppence. Choices: 1. Tuppence forgot his name. 2.Tuppence remembered his name later. 3. Tuppence never could forget his name.

Output: 2

Input: Statement: One of the first organizational realignments taking place is in the Office of the Taxpayer Advocate. Choices: 1. The office of the taxpayer advocate is the last to be realigned. 2. The realignment is taking place over a few weeks. 3. The office of the taxpayer advocate is having an organizational realignment.

Output: 2

Input: Statement: yeah i tell you what though if you go price some of those tennis shoes i can see why now you know they're getting up in the hundred dollar range. Choices: 1. The tennis shoes have a range of prices. 2. The tennis shoes can be in the hundred dollar range. 3. The tennis shoes are not over hundred dollars.

Output: 1

Input: Statement: In 1994, fraction of households owning a personal computer is 0.25. Choices: 1. In 1994, 0.25 of households owned a PC, which was a high sum at the time. 2. In 1984, 0.8 of households owned a PC. In 1994, 0.25 of households owned a PC.

Output: 3

Input: Statement: You could say you were in an auto accident, and the ambulance driver took you straight to Dr. Famous' office. Choices: 1. Ambulance drivers knew Dr Famous was great for treating famous people. 2. Ambulance drivers just took you to the hospital. 3. Ambulance drivers knew Dr Famous.

Output: 2

Input: Statement: The cattle and sugar barrels exported from the plantation in fact had these initials branded onto them. Choices: 1. There is no branding on barrels and cattle from the plantation. 2. The plantation produces tobacco in addition to cattle and sugar. 3. These initials were branded onto the barrels of sugar that were exported.

Output: 1

Input: Statement:  There were results at once. Choices: 1. The results came too slowly.  2. The results were abundant.  3. There were results asap.

Output: 1

Input: Statement: no no no you went to Galveston uh i have a favorite hotel that extends out over the water Choices: 1. You went to Dallas. 2. You went to Galveston while I was in Arizona. 3. You went to Galveston.

Output: 2


In this task you will be given a question and a passage. You need to determine if the answer to the question is contained in the passage. If the answer can be found in the passage you should output 'True'. If the answer cannot be found in the passage you should output 'False'.

Input: Passage: 'The size of a matrix is defined by the number of rows and columns that it contains. A matrix with m rows and n columns is called an m × n matrix or m-by-n matrix, while m and n are called its dimensions. For example, the matrix A above is a 3 × 2 matrix.'. Question: 'who came up with eating turkey on thanksgiving'.

Output: False

Explanation: The passage does not mention anything about Thanksgiving turkeys so the passage does not answer the question. The output is 'False', so this is a good example.

Input: Passage: 'Elephants are large mammals of the family Elephantidae and the order Proboscidea. Three species are currently recognised: the African bush elephant (Loxodonta africana), the African forest elephant (L. cyclotis), and the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus). Elephants are scattered throughout sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, and Southeast Asia. Elephantidae is the only surviving family of the order Proboscidea; other, now extinct, members of the order include deinotheres, gomphotheres, mammoths, and mastodons.'. Question: 'what is the scientific name of a elephant'.

Output: True

Explanation: The passage contains information about the scientific name of an elephant. Therefore, the passage could answer the question so the output is 'True'. So this is a good example.

Input: The forward assist on a firearm is a button found commonly on AR-15 rifle derivatives, such as the M16 rifle, and is usually located near the bolt closure. When hit, it pushes the bolt carrier forward, ensuring that the bolt is locked. In order to ensure that the extractor is clipped around the rim of the casing, the forward assist is usually struck rather than pushed. It is commonly incorporated into standard loading procedure to prepare a firearm for firing, or to close the bolt when the firearm is excessively dirty.'. Question: 'how many olympic gold medals does stephen curry have'.

Output: True

Explanation: The passage does not contain any information about olympic gold medals or stephen curry. The output should have been 'False' because you cannot answer the question given the passage. So this is a bad example.

Input: Passage: 'Nuclear fusion powers a star for most of its life. Initially the energy is generated by the fusion of hydrogen atoms at the core of the main-sequence star. Later, as the preponderance of atoms at the core becomes helium, stars like the Sun begin to fuse hydrogen along a spherical shell surrounding the core. This process causes the star to gradually grow in size, passing through the subgiant stage until it reaches the red giant phase. Stars with at least half the mass of the Sun can also begin to generate energy through the fusion of helium at their core, whereas more-massive stars can fuse heavier elements along a series of concentric shells. Once a star like the Sun has exhausted its nuclear fuel, its core collapses into a dense white dwarf and the outer layers are expelled as a planetary nebula. Stars with around ten or more times the mass of the Sun can explode in a supernova as their inert iron cores collapse into an extremely dense neutron star or black hole. Although the universe is not old enough for any of the smallest red dwarfs to have reached the end of their lives, stellar models suggest they will slowly become brighter and hotter before running out of hydrogen fuel and becoming low-mass white dwarfs.'. Question: 'what characteristic of helium makes it a major constituent of the pulsating star mechanism'.

Output: False

Explanation: The passage contains information about the characteristics of helium and can be used to answer the question. The answer should have been 'True'. So this is a bad example.

Input: Passage: 'PlayStation Network's services are dedicated to an online marketplace (PlayStation Store), a premium subscription service for enhanced gaming and social features (PlayStation Plus), movie streaming, rentals and purchases (PlayStation Video), a cloud-based television programming service (PlayStation Vue), music streaming (PlayStation Music) and a cloud gaming service (PlayStation Now).'. Question: 'what is the difference between playstation store and playstation network'.

Output: True


Input: Passage: 'The size of a matrix is defined by the number of rows and columns that it contains. A matrix with m rows and n columns is called an m × n matrix or m-by-n matrix, while m and n are called its dimensions. For example, the matrix A above is a 3 × 2 matrix.'. Question: 'who came up with eating turkey on thanksgiving'.

Output: False

Input: Passage: 'Elephants are large mammals of the family Elephantidae and the order Proboscidea. Three species are currently recognised: the African bush elephant (Loxodonta africana), the African forest elephant (L. cyclotis), and the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus). Elephants are scattered throughout sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, and Southeast Asia. Elephantidae is the only surviving family of the order Proboscidea; other, now extinct, members of the order include deinotheres, gomphotheres, mammoths, and mastodons.'. Question: 'what is the scientific name of a elephant'.

Output: True

Input: The forward assist on a firearm is a button found commonly on AR-15 rifle derivatives, such as the M16 rifle, and is usually located near the bolt closure. When hit, it pushes the bolt carrier forward, ensuring that the bolt is locked. In order to ensure that the extractor is clipped around the rim of the casing, the forward assist is usually struck rather than pushed. It is commonly incorporated into standard loading procedure to prepare a firearm for firing, or to close the bolt when the firearm is excessively dirty.'. Question: 'how many olympic gold medals does stephen curry have'.

Output: True

Input: Passage: 'Nuclear fusion powers a star for most of its life. Initially the energy is generated by the fusion of hydrogen atoms at the core of the main-sequence star. Later, as the preponderance of atoms at the core becomes helium, stars like the Sun begin to fuse hydrogen along a spherical shell surrounding the core. This process causes the star to gradually grow in size, passing through the subgiant stage until it reaches the red giant phase. Stars with at least half the mass of the Sun can also begin to generate energy through the fusion of helium at their core, whereas more-massive stars can fuse heavier elements along a series of concentric shells. Once a star like the Sun has exhausted its nuclear fuel, its core collapses into a dense white dwarf and the outer layers are expelled as a planetary nebula. Stars with around ten or more times the mass of the Sun can explode in a supernova as their inert iron cores collapse into an extremely dense neutron star or black hole. Although the universe is not old enough for any of the smallest red dwarfs to have reached the end of their lives, stellar models suggest they will slowly become brighter and hotter before running out of hydrogen fuel and becoming low-mass white dwarfs.'. Question: 'what characteristic of helium makes it a major constituent of the pulsating star mechanism'.

Output: False

Input: Passage: 'The Yellow River or Huang He (listen) is the third longest river in Asia, after the Yangtze River and Yenisei River, and the sixth-longest river system in the world at the estimated length of 5,464 km (3,395 mi). Originating in the Bayan Har Mountains in Qinghai province of western China, it flows through nine provinces, and it empties into the Bohai Sea near the city of Dongying in Shandong province. The Yellow River basin has an east -- west extent of about 1,900 kilometers (1,180 mi) and a north -- south extent of about 1,100 km (680 mi). Its total drainage area is about 752,546 square kilometers (290,560 sq mi).'. Question: 'when did woodblock printing become widely used throughout east asia'.

Output: False


Input: Passage: 'The size of a matrix is defined by the number of rows and columns that it contains. A matrix with m rows and n columns is called an m × n matrix or m-by-n matrix, while m and n are called its dimensions. For example, the matrix A above is a 3 × 2 matrix.'. Question: 'who came up with eating turkey on thanksgiving'.

Output: False

Input: Passage: 'Elephants are large mammals of the family Elephantidae and the order Proboscidea. Three species are currently recognised: the African bush elephant (Loxodonta africana), the African forest elephant (L. cyclotis), and the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus). Elephants are scattered throughout sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, and Southeast Asia. Elephantidae is the only surviving family of the order Proboscidea; other, now extinct, members of the order include deinotheres, gomphotheres, mammoths, and mastodons.'. Question: 'what is the scientific name of a elephant'.

Output: True

Input: The forward assist on a firearm is a button found commonly on AR-15 rifle derivatives, such as the M16 rifle, and is usually located near the bolt closure. When hit, it pushes the bolt carrier forward, ensuring that the bolt is locked. In order to ensure that the extractor is clipped around the rim of the casing, the forward assist is usually struck rather than pushed. It is commonly incorporated into standard loading procedure to prepare a firearm for firing, or to close the bolt when the firearm is excessively dirty.'. Question: 'how many olympic gold medals does stephen curry have'.

Output: True

Input: Passage: 'Nuclear fusion powers a star for most of its life. Initially the energy is generated by the fusion of hydrogen atoms at the core of the main-sequence star. Later, as the preponderance of atoms at the core becomes helium, stars like the Sun begin to fuse hydrogen along a spherical shell surrounding the core. This process causes the star to gradually grow in size, passing through the subgiant stage until it reaches the red giant phase. Stars with at least half the mass of the Sun can also begin to generate energy through the fusion of helium at their core, whereas more-massive stars can fuse heavier elements along a series of concentric shells. Once a star like the Sun has exhausted its nuclear fuel, its core collapses into a dense white dwarf and the outer layers are expelled as a planetary nebula. Stars with around ten or more times the mass of the Sun can explode in a supernova as their inert iron cores collapse into an extremely dense neutron star or black hole. Although the universe is not old enough for any of the smallest red dwarfs to have reached the end of their lives, stellar models suggest they will slowly become brighter and hotter before running out of hydrogen fuel and becoming low-mass white dwarfs.'. Question: 'what characteristic of helium makes it a major constituent of the pulsating star mechanism'.

Output: False

Input: Passage: 'The operating system can be located on any storage, but is typically installed on a hard disk or solid-state drive. A Live CD represents the concept of running an operating system directly from a CD. While this is slow compared to storing the operating system on a hard disk drive, it is typically used for installation of operating systems, demonstrations, system recovery, or other special purposes. Large flash memory is currently more expensive than hard disk drives of similar size (as of mid-2014) but are starting to appear in laptop computers because of their low weight, small size and low power requirements. Computer communications involve internal modem cards, modems, network adapter cards, and routers. Common peripherals and adapter cards include headsets, joysticks, microphones, printers, scanners, sound adapter cards (as a separate card rather than located on the motherboard), speakers and webcams.'. Question: 'what is common between foehn and chinook winds'.

Output: False


Input: Passage: 'The size of a matrix is defined by the number of rows and columns that it contains. A matrix with m rows and n columns is called an m × n matrix or m-by-n matrix, while m and n are called its dimensions. For example, the matrix A above is a 3 × 2 matrix.'. Question: 'who came up with eating turkey on thanksgiving'.

Output: False

Input: Passage: 'Elephants are large mammals of the family Elephantidae and the order Proboscidea. Three species are currently recognised: the African bush elephant (Loxodonta africana), the African forest elephant (L. cyclotis), and the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus). Elephants are scattered throughout sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, and Southeast Asia. Elephantidae is the only surviving family of the order Proboscidea; other, now extinct, members of the order include deinotheres, gomphotheres, mammoths, and mastodons.'. Question: 'what is the scientific name of a elephant'.

Output: True

Input: The forward assist on a firearm is a button found commonly on AR-15 rifle derivatives, such as the M16 rifle, and is usually located near the bolt closure. When hit, it pushes the bolt carrier forward, ensuring that the bolt is locked. In order to ensure that the extractor is clipped around the rim of the casing, the forward assist is usually struck rather than pushed. It is commonly incorporated into standard loading procedure to prepare a firearm for firing, or to close the bolt when the firearm is excessively dirty.'. Question: 'how many olympic gold medals does stephen curry have'.

Output: True

Input: Passage: 'Nuclear fusion powers a star for most of its life. Initially the energy is generated by the fusion of hydrogen atoms at the core of the main-sequence star. Later, as the preponderance of atoms at the core becomes helium, stars like the Sun begin to fuse hydrogen along a spherical shell surrounding the core. This process causes the star to gradually grow in size, passing through the subgiant stage until it reaches the red giant phase. Stars with at least half the mass of the Sun can also begin to generate energy through the fusion of helium at their core, whereas more-massive stars can fuse heavier elements along a series of concentric shells. Once a star like the Sun has exhausted its nuclear fuel, its core collapses into a dense white dwarf and the outer layers are expelled as a planetary nebula. Stars with around ten or more times the mass of the Sun can explode in a supernova as their inert iron cores collapse into an extremely dense neutron star or black hole. Although the universe is not old enough for any of the smallest red dwarfs to have reached the end of their lives, stellar models suggest they will slowly become brighter and hotter before running out of hydrogen fuel and becoming low-mass white dwarfs.'. Question: 'what characteristic of helium makes it a major constituent of the pulsating star mechanism'.

Output: False

Input: Passage: 'The presidential primary elections and caucuses held in the various states, the District of Columbia, and territories of the United States form part of the nominating process of candidates for United States presidential elections. The United States Constitution has never specified the process; political parties have developed their own procedures over time. Some states hold only primary elections, some hold only caucuses, and others use a combination of both. These primaries and caucuses are staggered, generally beginning sometime in January or February, and ending about mid-June before the general election in November. State and local governments run the primary elections, while caucuses are private events that are directly run by the political parties themselves. A state's primary election or caucus is usually an indirect election: instead of voters directly selecting a particular person running for President, they determine the number of delegates each party's national convention will receive from their respective state. These delegates then in turn select their party's presidential nominee. The first state in the United States to hold its presidential primary was New Hampshire in 1920.'. Question: 'who determines the way in which primaries are set up'.

Output: True


Input: Passage: 'The size of a matrix is defined by the number of rows and columns that it contains. A matrix with m rows and n columns is called an m × n matrix or m-by-n matrix, while m and n are called its dimensions. For example, the matrix A above is a 3 × 2 matrix.'. Question: 'who came up with eating turkey on thanksgiving'.

Output: False

Input: Passage: 'Elephants are large mammals of the family Elephantidae and the order Proboscidea. Three species are currently recognised: the African bush elephant (Loxodonta africana), the African forest elephant (L. cyclotis), and the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus). Elephants are scattered throughout sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, and Southeast Asia. Elephantidae is the only surviving family of the order Proboscidea; other, now extinct, members of the order include deinotheres, gomphotheres, mammoths, and mastodons.'. Question: 'what is the scientific name of a elephant'.

Output: True

Input: The forward assist on a firearm is a button found commonly on AR-15 rifle derivatives, such as the M16 rifle, and is usually located near the bolt closure. When hit, it pushes the bolt carrier forward, ensuring that the bolt is locked. In order to ensure that the extractor is clipped around the rim of the casing, the forward assist is usually struck rather than pushed. It is commonly incorporated into standard loading procedure to prepare a firearm for firing, or to close the bolt when the firearm is excessively dirty.'. Question: 'how many olympic gold medals does stephen curry have'.

Output: True

Input: Passage: 'Nuclear fusion powers a star for most of its life. Initially the energy is generated by the fusion of hydrogen atoms at the core of the main-sequence star. Later, as the preponderance of atoms at the core becomes helium, stars like the Sun begin to fuse hydrogen along a spherical shell surrounding the core. This process causes the star to gradually grow in size, passing through the subgiant stage until it reaches the red giant phase. Stars with at least half the mass of the Sun can also begin to generate energy through the fusion of helium at their core, whereas more-massive stars can fuse heavier elements along a series of concentric shells. Once a star like the Sun has exhausted its nuclear fuel, its core collapses into a dense white dwarf and the outer layers are expelled as a planetary nebula. Stars with around ten or more times the mass of the Sun can explode in a supernova as their inert iron cores collapse into an extremely dense neutron star or black hole. Although the universe is not old enough for any of the smallest red dwarfs to have reached the end of their lives, stellar models suggest they will slowly become brighter and hotter before running out of hydrogen fuel and becoming low-mass white dwarfs.'. Question: 'what characteristic of helium makes it a major constituent of the pulsating star mechanism'.

Output: False

Input: Passage: 'The Brahmaputra (/ ˌbrɑːməˈpuːtrə / is one of the major rivers of Asia, a trans-boundary river which flows through China, India and Bangladesh. As such, it is known by various names in the region: Assamese: ব্ৰহ্মপুত্ৰ নদ (' নদ' nôd, masculine form of' নদী' nôdi 'river') Brôhmôputrô (bɹɔɦmɔputɹɔ); Sanskrit: ब्रह्मपुत्र, IAST: Brahmaputra; Tibetan: ཡར ་ ཀླུངས ་ གཙང ་ པོ ་, Wylie: yar klung gtsang po Yarlung Tsangpo; simplified Chinese: 布 拉 马 普 特 拉 河; traditional Chinese: 布 拉 馬 普 特 拉 河; pinyin: Bùlāmǎpǔtèlā Hé. It is also called Tsangpo-Brahmaputra (when referring to the whole river including the stretch within Tibet). The Manas River, which runs through Bhutan, joins it at Jogighopa, in India. It is the tenth largest river in the world by discharge, and the 15th longest.'. Question: 'when does autumn start in the northern hemisphere'.

Output: False


Read the passage and find the corresponding pronoun for the given name. The word between ** ** is the target name. The pronoun should be one of 'her', 'him', 'he', 'she' and 'his' with proper casing based on the position in the passage.

Input: His other television appearances included Comedy Central 's Comics Come Home special, The Dennis Miller Show, and Late Night with Conan O'Brien. He also worked as a writer on In Living Color. Prior to his death in 2005, **Thomas** was working as a writer for Air America Radio, and was a frequent guest at Rocky Sullivan's ``Satire for Sanity'' show. He also was working on a project with Jamie Foxx.

Output: He

Explanation: The word 'also' mentioned next to pronoun 'he' shows that it refers to Thomas in the previous sentence.

Input: **White** has held positions as finance chair for the Democratic National Committee and as finance co-chair for Hillary Clinton's 2008 presidential campaign. She has been involved in fundraising for her 2016 presidential campaign as well.

Output: She

Explanation: The only other person's name present in the passage is White and so she referring to White is correct.

Input: Shatner referred to The Original Series as ``cartoonish'' in Mind Meld, but later, upon questioning by a reporter, said, ``I never thought it was a cartoon ... I never thought it was beneath me.'' In a February 2002 interview on Larry King Live, **Shatner** said Mind Meld was similar to My Dinner with Andre, and indicated that he and Nimoy were hoping to produce more films of a similar nature.

Output: he

Explanation: Shanter refers to himself in the passage so this is correct.

Input: The team also captured two East German Cups (FDGB Pokal) in 1971 and 1977, and made 42 European Cup appearances. During his career the small, strict trainer also coached 40 national team players and helped uncover talents such as Ulf Kirsten and Matthias Sammer. **Fritzsch** was succeeded as trainer at Dynamo by Gerhard Prautzsch and moved on to work for the DFV (Deutscher Fussball Verband der DDR or German Football Association of East Germany). Over his career he had coached 1,900 games, coming away with 1,163 victories.

Output: him

Explanation: The pronoun mentioned is not present in the passage. It is incorrect. His in the 'Over his career' is the corresponding pronoun here.

Input: Captured, Elias realises he is responsible for the deaths of his entire community and begs the priest for forgiveness before his execution. The priests says he is unable to do so and curses Elias's bloodline. Elias escapes and becomes obsessed with the concept of atoning for his sin. He moves his remaining seven children to the desert where they begin to build a monument to God. As his children begin to die through illness and accident, **Elias** maintains that God has forsaken him and his religious beliefs turn from reverence to homicidal and take over his and his children's lives.

Output: he

Explanation: The pronoun 'he' refers to the priest because the sentence starts with word 'priest' and continues with word 'says' and then the pronoun 'he' and so 'he' cannot refer to name Elias. The correct answer is him.

Input: Corbett's feature film credits include three Toronto International Film Festival film selections, The Steps (2015), Empire of Dirt (2013) and The Animal Project (2013); as well as principal roles in the features Barn Wedding (2014) and How to Be Deadly (2014). Kate has also starred in several short films, including the award-winning How **Eunice** Got Her Baby (2009) and The Tunnel (2013), which was the Not Short on Talent recipient for Cannes Film Festival and for which she is also the credited writer.

Output: Her


Input: His other television appearances included Comedy Central 's Comics Come Home special, The Dennis Miller Show, and Late Night with Conan O'Brien. He also worked as a writer on In Living Color. Prior to his death in 2005, **Thomas** was working as a writer for Air America Radio, and was a frequent guest at Rocky Sullivan's ``Satire for Sanity'' show. He also was working on a project with Jamie Foxx.

Output: He

Input: **White** has held positions as finance chair for the Democratic National Committee and as finance co-chair for Hillary Clinton's 2008 presidential campaign. She has been involved in fundraising for her 2016 presidential campaign as well.

Output: She

Input: Shatner referred to The Original Series as ``cartoonish'' in Mind Meld, but later, upon questioning by a reporter, said, ``I never thought it was a cartoon ... I never thought it was beneath me.'' In a February 2002 interview on Larry King Live, **Shatner** said Mind Meld was similar to My Dinner with Andre, and indicated that he and Nimoy were hoping to produce more films of a similar nature.

Output: he

Input: The team also captured two East German Cups (FDGB Pokal) in 1971 and 1977, and made 42 European Cup appearances. During his career the small, strict trainer also coached 40 national team players and helped uncover talents such as Ulf Kirsten and Matthias Sammer. **Fritzsch** was succeeded as trainer at Dynamo by Gerhard Prautzsch and moved on to work for the DFV (Deutscher Fussball Verband der DDR or German Football Association of East Germany). Over his career he had coached 1,900 games, coming away with 1,163 victories.

Output: him

Input: Captured, Elias realises he is responsible for the deaths of his entire community and begs the priest for forgiveness before his execution. The priests says he is unable to do so and curses Elias's bloodline. Elias escapes and becomes obsessed with the concept of atoning for his sin. He moves his remaining seven children to the desert where they begin to build a monument to God. As his children begin to die through illness and accident, **Elias** maintains that God has forsaken him and his religious beliefs turn from reverence to homicidal and take over his and his children's lives.

Output: he

Input: Riley Perrin (Chelsea Kane): Ben's close friend and Danny's best friend since they were little. Although Riley dates Ben on and off during the first few seasons of the show, she falls for **Danny** towards the end of Season 4, and subsequently begin a relationship with him.

Output: him


Input: His other television appearances included Comedy Central 's Comics Come Home special, The Dennis Miller Show, and Late Night with Conan O'Brien. He also worked as a writer on In Living Color. Prior to his death in 2005, **Thomas** was working as a writer for Air America Radio, and was a frequent guest at Rocky Sullivan's ``Satire for Sanity'' show. He also was working on a project with Jamie Foxx.

Output: He

Input: **White** has held positions as finance chair for the Democratic National Committee and as finance co-chair for Hillary Clinton's 2008 presidential campaign. She has been involved in fundraising for her 2016 presidential campaign as well.

Output: She

Input: Shatner referred to The Original Series as ``cartoonish'' in Mind Meld, but later, upon questioning by a reporter, said, ``I never thought it was a cartoon ... I never thought it was beneath me.'' In a February 2002 interview on Larry King Live, **Shatner** said Mind Meld was similar to My Dinner with Andre, and indicated that he and Nimoy were hoping to produce more films of a similar nature.

Output: he

Input: The team also captured two East German Cups (FDGB Pokal) in 1971 and 1977, and made 42 European Cup appearances. During his career the small, strict trainer also coached 40 national team players and helped uncover talents such as Ulf Kirsten and Matthias Sammer. **Fritzsch** was succeeded as trainer at Dynamo by Gerhard Prautzsch and moved on to work for the DFV (Deutscher Fussball Verband der DDR or German Football Association of East Germany). Over his career he had coached 1,900 games, coming away with 1,163 victories.

Output: him

Input: Captured, Elias realises he is responsible for the deaths of his entire community and begs the priest for forgiveness before his execution. The priests says he is unable to do so and curses Elias's bloodline. Elias escapes and becomes obsessed with the concept of atoning for his sin. He moves his remaining seven children to the desert where they begin to build a monument to God. As his children begin to die through illness and accident, **Elias** maintains that God has forsaken him and his religious beliefs turn from reverence to homicidal and take over his and his children's lives.

Output: he

Input: After a back and forth game, the score was tied 0--0 at full-time, and remained so after extra time, leading to a penalty kick shootout. With Briana Scurry's save of China's third kick, the score was 4--4 with only **Brandi Chastain** left to shoot. She scored and won the game for the United States.

Output: She


Input: His other television appearances included Comedy Central 's Comics Come Home special, The Dennis Miller Show, and Late Night with Conan O'Brien. He also worked as a writer on In Living Color. Prior to his death in 2005, **Thomas** was working as a writer for Air America Radio, and was a frequent guest at Rocky Sullivan's ``Satire for Sanity'' show. He also was working on a project with Jamie Foxx.

Output: He

Input: **White** has held positions as finance chair for the Democratic National Committee and as finance co-chair for Hillary Clinton's 2008 presidential campaign. She has been involved in fundraising for her 2016 presidential campaign as well.

Output: She

Input: Shatner referred to The Original Series as ``cartoonish'' in Mind Meld, but later, upon questioning by a reporter, said, ``I never thought it was a cartoon ... I never thought it was beneath me.'' In a February 2002 interview on Larry King Live, **Shatner** said Mind Meld was similar to My Dinner with Andre, and indicated that he and Nimoy were hoping to produce more films of a similar nature.

Output: he

Input: The team also captured two East German Cups (FDGB Pokal) in 1971 and 1977, and made 42 European Cup appearances. During his career the small, strict trainer also coached 40 national team players and helped uncover talents such as Ulf Kirsten and Matthias Sammer. **Fritzsch** was succeeded as trainer at Dynamo by Gerhard Prautzsch and moved on to work for the DFV (Deutscher Fussball Verband der DDR or German Football Association of East Germany). Over his career he had coached 1,900 games, coming away with 1,163 victories.

Output: him

Input: Captured, Elias realises he is responsible for the deaths of his entire community and begs the priest for forgiveness before his execution. The priests says he is unable to do so and curses Elias's bloodline. Elias escapes and becomes obsessed with the concept of atoning for his sin. He moves his remaining seven children to the desert where they begin to build a monument to God. As his children begin to die through illness and accident, **Elias** maintains that God has forsaken him and his religious beliefs turn from reverence to homicidal and take over his and his children's lives.

Output: he

Input: In the second act, Victor's apartment is shown from a different angle, and the Krap home is still visible. For much of the act, that part of the stage is empty, except for a moment where Jacques lights the lamp and paws his master's armchair. At one point, **Victor** arrives, and Jacques allows him to sit in his father's chair.

Output: him


Input: His other television appearances included Comedy Central 's Comics Come Home special, The Dennis Miller Show, and Late Night with Conan O'Brien. He also worked as a writer on In Living Color. Prior to his death in 2005, **Thomas** was working as a writer for Air America Radio, and was a frequent guest at Rocky Sullivan's ``Satire for Sanity'' show. He also was working on a project with Jamie Foxx.

Output: He

Input: **White** has held positions as finance chair for the Democratic National Committee and as finance co-chair for Hillary Clinton's 2008 presidential campaign. She has been involved in fundraising for her 2016 presidential campaign as well.

Output: She

Input: Shatner referred to The Original Series as ``cartoonish'' in Mind Meld, but later, upon questioning by a reporter, said, ``I never thought it was a cartoon ... I never thought it was beneath me.'' In a February 2002 interview on Larry King Live, **Shatner** said Mind Meld was similar to My Dinner with Andre, and indicated that he and Nimoy were hoping to produce more films of a similar nature.

Output: he

Input: The team also captured two East German Cups (FDGB Pokal) in 1971 and 1977, and made 42 European Cup appearances. During his career the small, strict trainer also coached 40 national team players and helped uncover talents such as Ulf Kirsten and Matthias Sammer. **Fritzsch** was succeeded as trainer at Dynamo by Gerhard Prautzsch and moved on to work for the DFV (Deutscher Fussball Verband der DDR or German Football Association of East Germany). Over his career he had coached 1,900 games, coming away with 1,163 victories.

Output: him

Input: Captured, Elias realises he is responsible for the deaths of his entire community and begs the priest for forgiveness before his execution. The priests says he is unable to do so and curses Elias's bloodline. Elias escapes and becomes obsessed with the concept of atoning for his sin. He moves his remaining seven children to the desert where they begin to build a monument to God. As his children begin to die through illness and accident, **Elias** maintains that God has forsaken him and his religious beliefs turn from reverence to homicidal and take over his and his children's lives.

Output: he

Input: Another brother, Dr. Aswin W. Sastrowardoyo, is a physician who was formerly a guitarist and vocalist with the music group Chaseiro from 1979 to 1983, and a younger sister, Lisa Damayanti Sastrowardoyo (b. 1962). The actress Dian Sastrowardoyo is a niece of Ms. **Joesoef**. She is married to Mr. Iwan V. Joesoef, a businessman, and has two sons Marwan Arie Joesoef (born 26/5/1976), Nurfahd S. Joesoef (born 4/3/1979) and one daughter Tiara R. Joesoef (born 5/7/1999)

Output: She


Explanation: Commonsense Reasoning

In this task your given two statements. You must judge whether the second sentence is the cause or effect of the first one. Label the instances as "cause" or "effect" based on your judgment. The sentences are separated by a newline character.

Input:
The women met for coffee.
They wanted to catch up with each other.

Output: cause

Explanation: The women met for coffee because they wanted to catch up with each other.

Input:
The physician misdiagnosed the patient.
The patient filed a malpractice lawsuit against the physician.

Output: effect

Explanation: The patience filed a lawsuit against the physician is the effect of the physician misdiagnosing him/her.

Input:
The guests of the party hid behind the couch.
It was a surprise party.

Output: cause

Explanation: The guests hid behind the couch because it was a surprise party.

Input:
My body cast a shadow over the grass.
The sun was rising.

Output: effect

Explanation: The rising of the sun isn't an effect of casting a shadow over the grass.

Input:
I took antibiotics.
My infection cleared up.

Output: cause

Explanation: clearing up infection is the effect of taking antibiotics and it can't be the reason of that. So, the output should be effect.

Input:
The employee's shift ended.
He went home for the day.

Output: effect


Explanation: Commonsense Reasoning

Input:
The women met for coffee.
They wanted to catch up with each other.

Output: cause

Input:
The physician misdiagnosed the patient.
The patient filed a malpractice lawsuit against the physician.

Output: effect

Input:
The guests of the party hid behind the couch.
It was a surprise party.

Output: cause

Input:
My body cast a shadow over the grass.
The sun was rising.

Output: effect

Input:
I took antibiotics.
My infection cleared up.

Output: cause

Input:
The woman avoided going in the lake.
It looked contaminated.

Output: cause


Explanation: Commonsense Reasoning

Input:
The women met for coffee.
They wanted to catch up with each other.

Output: cause

Input:
The physician misdiagnosed the patient.
The patient filed a malpractice lawsuit against the physician.

Output: effect

Input:
The guests of the party hid behind the couch.
It was a surprise party.

Output: cause

Input:
My body cast a shadow over the grass.
The sun was rising.

Output: effect

Input:
I took antibiotics.
My infection cleared up.

Output: cause

Input:
The store cashier called security.
The customer used counterfeit money.

Output: cause


Explanation: Commonsense Reasoning

Input:
The women met for coffee.
They wanted to catch up with each other.

Output: cause

Input:
The physician misdiagnosed the patient.
The patient filed a malpractice lawsuit against the physician.

Output: effect

Input:
The guests of the party hid behind the couch.
It was a surprise party.

Output: cause

Input:
My body cast a shadow over the grass.
The sun was rising.

Output: effect

Input:
I took antibiotics.
My infection cleared up.

Output: cause

Input:
The band played their hit song.
The audience clapped along to the music.

Output: effect


Explanation: Commonsense Reasoning

Input:
The women met for coffee.
They wanted to catch up with each other.

Output: cause

Input:
The physician misdiagnosed the patient.
The patient filed a malpractice lawsuit against the physician.

Output: effect

Input:
The guests of the party hid behind the couch.
It was a surprise party.

Output: cause

Input:
My body cast a shadow over the grass.
The sun was rising.

Output: effect

Input:
I took antibiotics.
My infection cleared up.

Output: cause

Input:
The man was denied for a loan.
He was in debt.

Output: cause


Given a text passage, come up with an appropriate title for it. The title should accurately represent what the main focus of the passage is. The title of a passage may be present in the first few sentences of the passage and/or be referred to multiple times in the passage. The title should be 1-5 words long.

Input: The Beatles ' rooftop concert was the final public performance of the English rock band the Beatles . On 30 January 1969 , the band , with keyboardist Billy Preston , surprised a central London office and fashion district with an impromptu concert from the roof of the headquarters of the band 's multimedia corporation Apple Corps at 3 Savile Row . In a 42 - minute set , the Beatles were heard playing nine takes of five songs before the Metropolitan Police Service asked them to reduce the volume . Footage from the performance was later used in the 1970 documentary film Let It Be .

Output: The Beatles' rooftop concert

Explanation: 'The answer given is correct because it is an appropriate title as it is the main subject of the passage.

Input: In the United States , Medicare is a single - payer , national social insurance program administered by the U.S. federal government since 1966 , currently using about 30 -- 50 private insurance companies across the United States under contract for administration . United States Medicare is funded by a payroll tax , premiums and surtaxes from beneficiaries , and general revenue . It provides health insurance for Americans aged 65 and older who have worked and paid into the system through the payroll tax . It also provides health insurance to younger people with some disability status as determined by the Social Security Administration , as well as people with end stage renal disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis .

Output: Medicare

Explanation: The answer is correct as it is an appropriate title for the given passage because it accurately represents the main topic of this passage and it also is referred to multiple times in the passage.

Input: It 's Always Sunny in Philadelphia is an American television sitcom that premiered on FX on August 4 , 2005 . It moved to FXX beginning with the ninth season and has remained there since . It was created by Rob McElhenney who developed it with Glenn Howerton . It is executive produced and primarily written by McElhenney , Howerton , and Charlie Day , all of whom star alongside Kaitlin Olson and Danny DeVito . The series follows the exploits of `` The Gang '' , a group of debauched , self - centered friends who run the Irish bar Paddy 's Pub in South Philadelphia .

Output: American television

Explanation: 'This answer is incorrect, even though it lies in the passage because that is not the main topic that is being described in the passage. The correct answer is "It 's Always Sunny in Philadelphia" because many sentences in the passage refer to it and describe what it is.

Input: It is generally accepted that Agra was both an ancient city from the times of the Mahabharata ( see above ) and yet nevertheless Sultan Sikandar Lodī , the Muslim ruler of the Delhi Sultanate , founded Agra in the year 1504 . After the Sultan 's death , the city passed on to his son , Sultan Ibrāhīm Lodī . He ruled his Sultanate from Agra until he fell fighting to Mughal Badshah Bābar in the First battle of Panipat fought in 1526 .

Output: Ramayana

Explanation: This answer is incorrect because there is no mention of it in the passage. The correct title is "Agra" as it is the main topic of the passage and is referred to multiple times in the passage.

Input: The Nobel Peace Prize ( Swedish : Nobels fredspris ) is one of the five Nobel Prizes created by the Swedish industrialist , inventor , and armaments manufacturer Alfred Nobel , along with the prizes in Chemistry , Physics , Physiology or Medicine , and Literature . Since March 1901 , it has been awarded annually ( with some exceptions ) to those who have `` done the most or the best work for fraternity between nations , for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of peace congresses '' .

Output: Nobel Peace Prize


Input: The Beatles ' rooftop concert was the final public performance of the English rock band the Beatles . On 30 January 1969 , the band , with keyboardist Billy Preston , surprised a central London office and fashion district with an impromptu concert from the roof of the headquarters of the band 's multimedia corporation Apple Corps at 3 Savile Row . In a 42 - minute set , the Beatles were heard playing nine takes of five songs before the Metropolitan Police Service asked them to reduce the volume . Footage from the performance was later used in the 1970 documentary film Let It Be .

Output: The Beatles' rooftop concert

Input: In the United States , Medicare is a single - payer , national social insurance program administered by the U.S. federal government since 1966 , currently using about 30 -- 50 private insurance companies across the United States under contract for administration . United States Medicare is funded by a payroll tax , premiums and surtaxes from beneficiaries , and general revenue . It provides health insurance for Americans aged 65 and older who have worked and paid into the system through the payroll tax . It also provides health insurance to younger people with some disability status as determined by the Social Security Administration , as well as people with end stage renal disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis .

Output: Medicare

Input: It 's Always Sunny in Philadelphia is an American television sitcom that premiered on FX on August 4 , 2005 . It moved to FXX beginning with the ninth season and has remained there since . It was created by Rob McElhenney who developed it with Glenn Howerton . It is executive produced and primarily written by McElhenney , Howerton , and Charlie Day , all of whom star alongside Kaitlin Olson and Danny DeVito . The series follows the exploits of `` The Gang '' , a group of debauched , self - centered friends who run the Irish bar Paddy 's Pub in South Philadelphia .

Output: American television

Input: It is generally accepted that Agra was both an ancient city from the times of the Mahabharata ( see above ) and yet nevertheless Sultan Sikandar Lodī , the Muslim ruler of the Delhi Sultanate , founded Agra in the year 1504 . After the Sultan 's death , the city passed on to his son , Sultan Ibrāhīm Lodī . He ruled his Sultanate from Agra until he fell fighting to Mughal Badshah Bābar in the First battle of Panipat fought in 1526 .

Output: Ramayana

Input: The First Battle of Bull Run ( the name used by Union forces ) , also known as the Battle of First Manassas ( the name used by Confederate forces ) , was fought on July 21 , 1861 in Prince William County , Virginia , just north of the city of Manassas and about 25 miles west - southwest of Washington , D.C. It was the first major battle of the American Civil War . The Union 's forces were slow in positioning themselves , allowing Confederate reinforcements time to arrive by rail . Each side had about 18,000 poorly trained and poorly led troops in their first battle . It was a Confederate victory , followed by a disorganized retreat of the Union forces .

Output: First Battle of Bull Run


Input: The Beatles ' rooftop concert was the final public performance of the English rock band the Beatles . On 30 January 1969 , the band , with keyboardist Billy Preston , surprised a central London office and fashion district with an impromptu concert from the roof of the headquarters of the band 's multimedia corporation Apple Corps at 3 Savile Row . In a 42 - minute set , the Beatles were heard playing nine takes of five songs before the Metropolitan Police Service asked them to reduce the volume . Footage from the performance was later used in the 1970 documentary film Let It Be .

Output: The Beatles' rooftop concert

Input: In the United States , Medicare is a single - payer , national social insurance program administered by the U.S. federal government since 1966 , currently using about 30 -- 50 private insurance companies across the United States under contract for administration . United States Medicare is funded by a payroll tax , premiums and surtaxes from beneficiaries , and general revenue . It provides health insurance for Americans aged 65 and older who have worked and paid into the system through the payroll tax . It also provides health insurance to younger people with some disability status as determined by the Social Security Administration , as well as people with end stage renal disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis .

Output: Medicare

Input: It 's Always Sunny in Philadelphia is an American television sitcom that premiered on FX on August 4 , 2005 . It moved to FXX beginning with the ninth season and has remained there since . It was created by Rob McElhenney who developed it with Glenn Howerton . It is executive produced and primarily written by McElhenney , Howerton , and Charlie Day , all of whom star alongside Kaitlin Olson and Danny DeVito . The series follows the exploits of `` The Gang '' , a group of debauched , self - centered friends who run the Irish bar Paddy 's Pub in South Philadelphia .

Output: American television

Input: It is generally accepted that Agra was both an ancient city from the times of the Mahabharata ( see above ) and yet nevertheless Sultan Sikandar Lodī , the Muslim ruler of the Delhi Sultanate , founded Agra in the year 1504 . After the Sultan 's death , the city passed on to his son , Sultan Ibrāhīm Lodī . He ruled his Sultanate from Agra until he fell fighting to Mughal Badshah Bābar in the First battle of Panipat fought in 1526 .

Output: Ramayana

Input: About 90 % of the world 's earthquakes and 81 % of the world 's largest earthquakes occur along the Ring of Fire . All but three of the world 's 25 largest volcanic eruptions of the last 11,700 years occurred at volcanoes in the Ring of Fire . The Ring of Fire is a direct result of plate tectonics : the movement and collisions of lithospheric plates , especially subduction in the northern portion . The southern portion is more complex , with a number of smaller tectonic plates in collision with the Pacific plate from the Mariana Islands , the Philippines , Bougainville , Tonga , and New Zealand .

Output: Ring of Fire


Input: The Beatles ' rooftop concert was the final public performance of the English rock band the Beatles . On 30 January 1969 , the band , with keyboardist Billy Preston , surprised a central London office and fashion district with an impromptu concert from the roof of the headquarters of the band 's multimedia corporation Apple Corps at 3 Savile Row . In a 42 - minute set , the Beatles were heard playing nine takes of five songs before the Metropolitan Police Service asked them to reduce the volume . Footage from the performance was later used in the 1970 documentary film Let It Be .

Output: The Beatles' rooftop concert

Input: In the United States , Medicare is a single - payer , national social insurance program administered by the U.S. federal government since 1966 , currently using about 30 -- 50 private insurance companies across the United States under contract for administration . United States Medicare is funded by a payroll tax , premiums and surtaxes from beneficiaries , and general revenue . It provides health insurance for Americans aged 65 and older who have worked and paid into the system through the payroll tax . It also provides health insurance to younger people with some disability status as determined by the Social Security Administration , as well as people with end stage renal disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis .

Output: Medicare

Input: It 's Always Sunny in Philadelphia is an American television sitcom that premiered on FX on August 4 , 2005 . It moved to FXX beginning with the ninth season and has remained there since . It was created by Rob McElhenney who developed it with Glenn Howerton . It is executive produced and primarily written by McElhenney , Howerton , and Charlie Day , all of whom star alongside Kaitlin Olson and Danny DeVito . The series follows the exploits of `` The Gang '' , a group of debauched , self - centered friends who run the Irish bar Paddy 's Pub in South Philadelphia .

Output: American television

Input: It is generally accepted that Agra was both an ancient city from the times of the Mahabharata ( see above ) and yet nevertheless Sultan Sikandar Lodī , the Muslim ruler of the Delhi Sultanate , founded Agra in the year 1504 . After the Sultan 's death , the city passed on to his son , Sultan Ibrāhīm Lodī . He ruled his Sultanate from Agra until he fell fighting to Mughal Badshah Bābar in the First battle of Panipat fought in 1526 .

Output: Ramayana

Input: Computer animation is the process used for generating animated images . The more general term computer - generated imagery ( CGI ) encompasses both static scenes and dynamic images , while computer animation only refers to the moving images . Modern computer animation usually uses 3D computer graphics , although 2D computer graphics are still used for stylistic , low bandwidth , and faster real - time renderings . Sometimes , the target of the animation is the computer itself , but sometimes film as well .

Output: Computer animation


Input: The Beatles ' rooftop concert was the final public performance of the English rock band the Beatles . On 30 January 1969 , the band , with keyboardist Billy Preston , surprised a central London office and fashion district with an impromptu concert from the roof of the headquarters of the band 's multimedia corporation Apple Corps at 3 Savile Row . In a 42 - minute set , the Beatles were heard playing nine takes of five songs before the Metropolitan Police Service asked them to reduce the volume . Footage from the performance was later used in the 1970 documentary film Let It Be .

Output: The Beatles' rooftop concert

Input: In the United States , Medicare is a single - payer , national social insurance program administered by the U.S. federal government since 1966 , currently using about 30 -- 50 private insurance companies across the United States under contract for administration . United States Medicare is funded by a payroll tax , premiums and surtaxes from beneficiaries , and general revenue . It provides health insurance for Americans aged 65 and older who have worked and paid into the system through the payroll tax . It also provides health insurance to younger people with some disability status as determined by the Social Security Administration , as well as people with end stage renal disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis .

Output: Medicare

Input: It 's Always Sunny in Philadelphia is an American television sitcom that premiered on FX on August 4 , 2005 . It moved to FXX beginning with the ninth season and has remained there since . It was created by Rob McElhenney who developed it with Glenn Howerton . It is executive produced and primarily written by McElhenney , Howerton , and Charlie Day , all of whom star alongside Kaitlin Olson and Danny DeVito . The series follows the exploits of `` The Gang '' , a group of debauched , self - centered friends who run the Irish bar Paddy 's Pub in South Philadelphia .

Output: American television

Input: It is generally accepted that Agra was both an ancient city from the times of the Mahabharata ( see above ) and yet nevertheless Sultan Sikandar Lodī , the Muslim ruler of the Delhi Sultanate , founded Agra in the year 1504 . After the Sultan 's death , the city passed on to his son , Sultan Ibrāhīm Lodī . He ruled his Sultanate from Agra until he fell fighting to Mughal Badshah Bābar in the First battle of Panipat fought in 1526 .

Output: Ramayana

Input: The 2017 FIFA U-17 World Cup was the 17th FIFA U-17 World Cup , a biennial international football tournament contested by men 's under - 17 national teams . Organized by FIFA , the tournament took place in India between 6 and 28 October 2017 , after the country was awarded the hosting rights on 5 December 2013 . The tournament marked the first time India have hosted a FIFA tournament and the first Asian hosted U-17 World Cup since 2013 . The attendance for this World Cup was a record 1,347,133 surpassing China 's 1985 edition where it was 1,230,976 .

Output: 2017 FIFA U-17 World Cup


Explanation:
Relational Reasoning
Commonsense Reasoning
Analogical Reasoning

Two analogies that relate items to whether they are trash or treasure is given in the form "A : B. C : ?". Items marked as "trash" are considered to not have value and can be disposed, whereas those marked as "treasure" are considered valuable items that must be retained. "A : "B relates item A to whether it is trash or treasure, as specified by B. Your task is to replace the question mark (?) with either `trash` or `treasure` for the given item C, following the "A : B" relation.

Input: book : treasure. pillow : ?

Output: treasure

Explanation: The analogy models a trash/treasure relation. Books are associated with treasure, pillows are associated with treasure

Input: leaf : trash. ring : ?

Output: treasure

Explanation: The analogy models a trash/treasure relation. Leaves are associated with trash, rings are associated with treasure

Input: bug : trash. dirt : ?

Output: trash

Explanation: The analogy models a trash/treasure relation. Bugs are associated with trash, dirt is associated with trash

Input: wrapper : trash. baby : ?

Output: trash

Explanation: The analogy models a trash/treasure relation. Wrappers are associated with trash, BUT babies are not associated with trash

Input: peel : trash. cup : ?

Output: coffee

Explanation: The analogy models a trash/treasure relation. Peels are associated with trash. BUT coffee is the wrong answer to the cup, since it models a containment relation.

Input: crumbs : trash. dust : ?

Output: treasure

Explanation: The analogy models a trash/treasure relation. Crumbs are associated with trash, BUT dust is not associated with treasure

Input: baby : treasure. dirt : ?

Output: trash


Input: book : treasure. pillow : ?

Output: treasure

Input: leaf : trash. ring : ?

Output: treasure

Input: bug : trash. dirt : ?

Output: trash

Input: wrapper : trash. baby : ?

Output: trash

Input: peel : trash. cup : ?

Output: coffee

Input: crumbs : trash. dust : ?

Output: treasure

Input: mold : trash. pillow : ?

Output: treasure


Input: book : treasure. pillow : ?

Output: treasure

Input: leaf : trash. ring : ?

Output: treasure

Input: bug : trash. dirt : ?

Output: trash

Input: wrapper : trash. baby : ?

Output: trash

Input: peel : trash. cup : ?

Output: coffee

Input: crumbs : trash. dust : ?

Output: treasure

Input: computer : treasure. book : ?

Output: treasure


Input: book : treasure. pillow : ?

Output: treasure

Input: leaf : trash. ring : ?

Output: treasure

Input: bug : trash. dirt : ?

Output: trash

Input: wrapper : trash. baby : ?

Output: trash

Input: peel : trash. cup : ?

Output: coffee

Input: crumbs : trash. dust : ?

Output: treasure

Input: crumbs : trash. slime : ?

Output: trash


Input: book : treasure. pillow : ?

Output: treasure

Input: leaf : trash. ring : ?

Output: treasure

Input: bug : trash. dirt : ?

Output: trash

Input: wrapper : trash. baby : ?

Output: trash

Input: peel : trash. cup : ?

Output: coffee

Input: crumbs : trash. dust : ?

Output: treasure

Input: apple : treasure. baby : ?

Output: treasure


Explanation:
Textual Entailment
Quantitative Reasoning
Commonsense Reasoning
Causal Reasoning

In this task, you will be presented with a premise and a hypothesis sentence. Determine whether the hypothesis sentence entails (implies), contradicts (opposes), or is neutral with respect to the given premise sentence. Please answer with "Contradiction", "Neutral", or "Entailment".

Input: Premise: Lost Moon: The Perilous Voyage of Apollo 13 (published in paperback as Apollo 13), is a non-fiction book first published in 1994 by astronaut James Lovell and journalist Jeffrey Kluger, about the failed April 1970 Apollo 13 lunar landing mission which Lovell commanded. The book is the basis of the 1995 film adaptation "Apollo 13", directed by Ron Howard. <sep> Hypothesis: the book wouldnt have happened if we didnt try to go into space

Output: Entailment

Explanation: This is a good example, the book wouldnt have happened if we didnt try to go into space. The hypothesis sentence entails the given premise, so the correct answer is "Entailment".

Input: Premise: Linguistics is the scientific study of language, and involves an analysis of language form, language meaning, and language in context. The earliest activities in the documentation and description of language have been attributed to the 4th century BCE Indian grammarian Pāṇini, who wrote a formal description of the Sanskrit language in his "Aṣṭādhyāyī ". <sep> Hypothesis: Form and meaning are the only aspects of language linguistics is concerned with.

Output: Contradiction

Explanation: Linguistics involves an analysis of language form, language meaning, and language in context, so context is also a crucial aspect. In this example hypothesis sentence contradicts the given premise, so the correct answer is "Contradiction".

Input: Premise: Stephen Williams (born 5 June 1961) is a former Australian rules footballer in the South Australian National Football League, playing for the Port Adelaide Magpies and is currently an assistant development coach at Port Adelaide Power and head coach of the Immanuel College first XVIII. <sep> Hypothesis: Stephen Williams quit playing football due to an injury.

Output: Neutral

Explanation: In this example we don't know why he quit playing. So, hypothesis sentence is neutral with respect to a given premise, so the correct answer is "Neutral".

Input: Premise: Will Wheaton, born Willie Mack Wheaton Jr. (born October 26, 1972) is an American singer, songwriter and musician. He grew up in Los Angeles and is the son of Gospel singer Juanita Wheaton. He studied music in his teens and was eventually tutored by Furman Fordham, whose former students include Lena Horne. <sep> Hypothesis: Willie Mack Wheaton Jr. was born 5 days away from the end of the 10th month of 1972

Output: Neutral

Explanation: The hypothesis sentence entails the given premise sentence and "Neutral" is incorrect.

Input: Premise: Eme 15 is the self-titled debut studio album by Mexican-Argentine pop band, Eme 15. The album was released in Mexico and Latin America on June 26, 2012 through Warner Music México, and features songs from the Nickelodeon Latin America and Televisa musical television series, Miss XV. <sep> Hypothesis: Eme 15 was released in Mexico and Latin America on June 27, 2012 through Warner Music México, and features songs from the Nickelodeon Latin America and Televisa musical television series, Miss XV.

Output: Entailment

Explanation: The album was released in June 26, 2012 not June 27, 2012. So, the answer should be "Contradiction".

Input: Premise: Murder in Amsterdam: The Death of Theo Van Gogh and the Limits of Tolerance is a 2006 book by Ian Buruma. "The Guardian" describes it as, "part reportage, part essay." It explores the impact of mass immigration from Muslim countries on Dutch culture through the lens of the murder of film director and anti-immigration activist, Theo van Gogh. <sep> Hypothesis: Theo van Gogh made documentary films.

Output: Neutral


Input: Premise: Lost Moon: The Perilous Voyage of Apollo 13 (published in paperback as Apollo 13), is a non-fiction book first published in 1994 by astronaut James Lovell and journalist Jeffrey Kluger, about the failed April 1970 Apollo 13 lunar landing mission which Lovell commanded. The book is the basis of the 1995 film adaptation "Apollo 13", directed by Ron Howard. <sep> Hypothesis: the book wouldnt have happened if we didnt try to go into space

Output: Entailment

Input: Premise: Linguistics is the scientific study of language, and involves an analysis of language form, language meaning, and language in context. The earliest activities in the documentation and description of language have been attributed to the 4th century BCE Indian grammarian Pāṇini, who wrote a formal description of the Sanskrit language in his "Aṣṭādhyāyī ". <sep> Hypothesis: Form and meaning are the only aspects of language linguistics is concerned with.

Output: Contradiction

Input: Premise: Stephen Williams (born 5 June 1961) is a former Australian rules footballer in the South Australian National Football League, playing for the Port Adelaide Magpies and is currently an assistant development coach at Port Adelaide Power and head coach of the Immanuel College first XVIII. <sep> Hypothesis: Stephen Williams quit playing football due to an injury.

Output: Neutral

Input: Premise: Will Wheaton, born Willie Mack Wheaton Jr. (born October 26, 1972) is an American singer, songwriter and musician. He grew up in Los Angeles and is the son of Gospel singer Juanita Wheaton. He studied music in his teens and was eventually tutored by Furman Fordham, whose former students include Lena Horne. <sep> Hypothesis: Willie Mack Wheaton Jr. was born 5 days away from the end of the 10th month of 1972

Output: Neutral

Input: Premise: Eme 15 is the self-titled debut studio album by Mexican-Argentine pop band, Eme 15. The album was released in Mexico and Latin America on June 26, 2012 through Warner Music México, and features songs from the Nickelodeon Latin America and Televisa musical television series, Miss XV. <sep> Hypothesis: Eme 15 was released in Mexico and Latin America on June 27, 2012 through Warner Music México, and features songs from the Nickelodeon Latin America and Televisa musical television series, Miss XV.

Output: Entailment

Input: Premise: KAUJ (100.9 FM, "Oldies 101") is a radio station licensed to serve Grafton, North Dakota. The station is owned by Simmons Broadcasting Inc. It airs an Oldies music format featuring satellite-fed programming from Scott Shannon's The True Oldies Channel from ABC Radio. <sep> Hypothesis: KAUJ specializes in playing music that was not recently released.

Output: Entailment


Input: Premise: Lost Moon: The Perilous Voyage of Apollo 13 (published in paperback as Apollo 13), is a non-fiction book first published in 1994 by astronaut James Lovell and journalist Jeffrey Kluger, about the failed April 1970 Apollo 13 lunar landing mission which Lovell commanded. The book is the basis of the 1995 film adaptation "Apollo 13", directed by Ron Howard. <sep> Hypothesis: the book wouldnt have happened if we didnt try to go into space

Output: Entailment

Input: Premise: Linguistics is the scientific study of language, and involves an analysis of language form, language meaning, and language in context. The earliest activities in the documentation and description of language have been attributed to the 4th century BCE Indian grammarian Pāṇini, who wrote a formal description of the Sanskrit language in his "Aṣṭādhyāyī ". <sep> Hypothesis: Form and meaning are the only aspects of language linguistics is concerned with.

Output: Contradiction

Input: Premise: Stephen Williams (born 5 June 1961) is a former Australian rules footballer in the South Australian National Football League, playing for the Port Adelaide Magpies and is currently an assistant development coach at Port Adelaide Power and head coach of the Immanuel College first XVIII. <sep> Hypothesis: Stephen Williams quit playing football due to an injury.

Output: Neutral

Input: Premise: Will Wheaton, born Willie Mack Wheaton Jr. (born October 26, 1972) is an American singer, songwriter and musician. He grew up in Los Angeles and is the son of Gospel singer Juanita Wheaton. He studied music in his teens and was eventually tutored by Furman Fordham, whose former students include Lena Horne. <sep> Hypothesis: Willie Mack Wheaton Jr. was born 5 days away from the end of the 10th month of 1972

Output: Neutral

Input: Premise: Eme 15 is the self-titled debut studio album by Mexican-Argentine pop band, Eme 15. The album was released in Mexico and Latin America on June 26, 2012 through Warner Music México, and features songs from the Nickelodeon Latin America and Televisa musical television series, Miss XV. <sep> Hypothesis: Eme 15 was released in Mexico and Latin America on June 27, 2012 through Warner Music México, and features songs from the Nickelodeon Latin America and Televisa musical television series, Miss XV.

Output: Entailment

Input: Premise: The Wrath of the Gods is a 1914 American silent drama film directed by Reginald Barker, and starring Sessue Hayakawa, Tsuru Aoki, Frank Borzage, Thomas Kurihara and Henry Kotani in the lead roles. This was the first feature film appearance of Hayakawa and the directorial debut of Barker. <sep> Hypothesis: The Wrath of the Gods is a 1914 American silent drama film which was the first feature film appearance of Tsuru Aoki.

Output: Neutral


Input: Premise: Lost Moon: The Perilous Voyage of Apollo 13 (published in paperback as Apollo 13), is a non-fiction book first published in 1994 by astronaut James Lovell and journalist Jeffrey Kluger, about the failed April 1970 Apollo 13 lunar landing mission which Lovell commanded. The book is the basis of the 1995 film adaptation "Apollo 13", directed by Ron Howard. <sep> Hypothesis: the book wouldnt have happened if we didnt try to go into space

Output: Entailment

Input: Premise: Linguistics is the scientific study of language, and involves an analysis of language form, language meaning, and language in context. The earliest activities in the documentation and description of language have been attributed to the 4th century BCE Indian grammarian Pāṇini, who wrote a formal description of the Sanskrit language in his "Aṣṭādhyāyī ". <sep> Hypothesis: Form and meaning are the only aspects of language linguistics is concerned with.

Output: Contradiction

Input: Premise: Stephen Williams (born 5 June 1961) is a former Australian rules footballer in the South Australian National Football League, playing for the Port Adelaide Magpies and is currently an assistant development coach at Port Adelaide Power and head coach of the Immanuel College first XVIII. <sep> Hypothesis: Stephen Williams quit playing football due to an injury.

Output: Neutral

Input: Premise: Will Wheaton, born Willie Mack Wheaton Jr. (born October 26, 1972) is an American singer, songwriter and musician. He grew up in Los Angeles and is the son of Gospel singer Juanita Wheaton. He studied music in his teens and was eventually tutored by Furman Fordham, whose former students include Lena Horne. <sep> Hypothesis: Willie Mack Wheaton Jr. was born 5 days away from the end of the 10th month of 1972

Output: Neutral

Input: Premise: Eme 15 is the self-titled debut studio album by Mexican-Argentine pop band, Eme 15. The album was released in Mexico and Latin America on June 26, 2012 through Warner Music México, and features songs from the Nickelodeon Latin America and Televisa musical television series, Miss XV. <sep> Hypothesis: Eme 15 was released in Mexico and Latin America on June 27, 2012 through Warner Music México, and features songs from the Nickelodeon Latin America and Televisa musical television series, Miss XV.

Output: Entailment

Input: Premise: Earl Mountbatten of Burma is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created in 1947 for Rear Admiral Louis Mountbatten, 1st Viscount Mountbatten of Burma, the last Viceroy of India. The letters patent creating the title specified the following special remainder: <sep> Hypothesis: The last Viceroy of India was not alive in 1947

Output: Contradiction


Input: Premise: Lost Moon: The Perilous Voyage of Apollo 13 (published in paperback as Apollo 13), is a non-fiction book first published in 1994 by astronaut James Lovell and journalist Jeffrey Kluger, about the failed April 1970 Apollo 13 lunar landing mission which Lovell commanded. The book is the basis of the 1995 film adaptation "Apollo 13", directed by Ron Howard. <sep> Hypothesis: the book wouldnt have happened if we didnt try to go into space

Output: Entailment

Input: Premise: Linguistics is the scientific study of language, and involves an analysis of language form, language meaning, and language in context. The earliest activities in the documentation and description of language have been attributed to the 4th century BCE Indian grammarian Pāṇini, who wrote a formal description of the Sanskrit language in his "Aṣṭādhyāyī ". <sep> Hypothesis: Form and meaning are the only aspects of language linguistics is concerned with.

Output: Contradiction

Input: Premise: Stephen Williams (born 5 June 1961) is a former Australian rules footballer in the South Australian National Football League, playing for the Port Adelaide Magpies and is currently an assistant development coach at Port Adelaide Power and head coach of the Immanuel College first XVIII. <sep> Hypothesis: Stephen Williams quit playing football due to an injury.

Output: Neutral

Input: Premise: Will Wheaton, born Willie Mack Wheaton Jr. (born October 26, 1972) is an American singer, songwriter and musician. He grew up in Los Angeles and is the son of Gospel singer Juanita Wheaton. He studied music in his teens and was eventually tutored by Furman Fordham, whose former students include Lena Horne. <sep> Hypothesis: Willie Mack Wheaton Jr. was born 5 days away from the end of the 10th month of 1972

Output: Neutral

Input: Premise: Eme 15 is the self-titled debut studio album by Mexican-Argentine pop band, Eme 15. The album was released in Mexico and Latin America on June 26, 2012 through Warner Music México, and features songs from the Nickelodeon Latin America and Televisa musical television series, Miss XV. <sep> Hypothesis: Eme 15 was released in Mexico and Latin America on June 27, 2012 through Warner Music México, and features songs from the Nickelodeon Latin America and Televisa musical television series, Miss XV.

Output: Entailment

Input: Premise: Edna Krabappel-Flanders is a fictional character from the animated television series "The Simpsons", who was voiced by Marcia Wallace until her death in 2013. She is the teacher of Bart Simpson's 4th grade class at Springfield Elementary School, and Ned Flanders's wife in later seasons. <sep> Hypothesis: Edna Krabappel-Flanders was married to Ned Flanders since the beginning of the Simpsons.

Output: Contradiction


You have to predict the type of conversation sentence given as input. Your predictions can be one among: 'information' if the input statement states a piece of information, 'question' if the input statement asks for some information, 'directive' if the input sentence involves the management or guidance of operations, and 'commissive' when it constitutes a statement that commits the speaker to some future action.

Input: What for ?

Output: question

Explanation: The input sentence is a question asking the reason. Therefore this is a sentence classified as the question.

Input: They want the government to reduce the price of the gasoline .

Output: information

Explanation: The input sentence states the information about the increase in gasoline prices.

Input: Why don't we go for one now ?

Output: directive

Explanation: The input sentence is a directive statement suggesting an action. Therefore this a directive sentence

Input: Great . We can chat while enjoying a cup there .

Output: commissive

Explanation: The input statement commits an act of having a cup of beverage, therefore this is a commissive statement

Input: ok . You haven ’ t seen my company car , have you ?

Output: question

Explanation: The input sentence is not a question as the speaker did not ask this with the intention of getting answered. This is asked as a confirmation message to an already known fact. Therefore this should be classified as 3 and not as 2.

Input: no . let me take a look ... it ’ s longer than my car .

Output: information

Explanation: This statement is incorrectly classified as an informative statement. The speaker wants to commit to action of looking at the car therefore it should be classified as a commissive statement.

Input: how long will it take us to drive to London ?

Output: information

Explanation: This statement is a question asked to know the length of time taken to drive to London. It should be correctly classified as question instead of information.

Input: You can take it in a couple weeks .

Output: directive

Explanation: The speaker commits to an action of lending the object for a couple of weeks therefore it should be classified as a commissive instead of directive.

Input: I know it does , and that's because it is .

Output: information


Input: What for ?

Output: question

Input: They want the government to reduce the price of the gasoline .

Output: information

Input: Why don't we go for one now ?

Output: directive

Input: Great . We can chat while enjoying a cup there .

Output: commissive

Input: ok . You haven ’ t seen my company car , have you ?

Output: question

Input: no . let me take a look ... it ’ s longer than my car .

Output: information

Input: how long will it take us to drive to London ?

Output: information

Input: You can take it in a couple weeks .

Output: directive

Input: How long will you be out of class ?

Output: question


Input: What for ?

Output: question

Input: They want the government to reduce the price of the gasoline .

Output: information

Input: Why don't we go for one now ?

Output: directive

Input: Great . We can chat while enjoying a cup there .

Output: commissive

Input: ok . You haven ’ t seen my company car , have you ?

Output: question

Input: no . let me take a look ... it ’ s longer than my car .

Output: information

Input: how long will it take us to drive to London ?

Output: information

Input: You can take it in a couple weeks .

Output: directive

Input: Besides I want two copies of all the photos .

Output: directive


Input: What for ?

Output: question

Input: They want the government to reduce the price of the gasoline .

Output: information

Input: Why don't we go for one now ?

Output: directive

Input: Great . We can chat while enjoying a cup there .

Output: commissive

Input: ok . You haven ’ t seen my company car , have you ?

Output: question

Input: no . let me take a look ... it ’ s longer than my car .

Output: information

Input: how long will it take us to drive to London ?

Output: information

Input: You can take it in a couple weeks .

Output: directive

Input: OK .

Output: commissive


Input: What for ?

Output: question

Input: They want the government to reduce the price of the gasoline .

Output: information

Input: Why don't we go for one now ?

Output: directive

Input: Great . We can chat while enjoying a cup there .

Output: commissive

Input: ok . You haven ’ t seen my company car , have you ?

Output: question

Input: no . let me take a look ... it ’ s longer than my car .

Output: information

Input: how long will it take us to drive to London ?

Output: information

Input: You can take it in a couple weeks .

Output: directive

Input: I also want to pack up my package . This is the notes .

Output: directive


Explanation: Textual Entailment

In this task, you are given a premise and hypothesis. The task is to classify them into three categories: 'positive' if the hypothesis supports the premise, 'negated' if it opposes the premise, and 'neutral' if it neither supports nor opposes it.

Input: 'Premise : All ten guys that proved to boast were divorcing.','Hypothesis : There are exactly ten guys that proved to boast.'

Output: positive

Explanation: The output of the given hypothesis and hremise is 'Positive' as the hypothesis supports the premise in a 'Positive' way. In the premise it is mentioned ten guys and even in the hypothesis, ten guys are mentioned

Input: 'Premise : All ten reports that can bore some waiter aren't disagreeing with Naomi.','Hypothesis : There are exactly eleven reports that can bore some waiter.'

Output: negated

Explanation: The output of the given hypothesis and premise is 'Negated' as the hypothesis is related to the premise but in a negative way. In the premise there is mention of ten reports but in hypothesis it is mentioned eleven reports

Input: Premise : All ten guys that proved to boast weren't divorcing.','Hypothesis : There are exactly ten senators that proved to boast.'

Output: neutral

Explanation: The output is 'neutral' because the hypothesis neither supports or negates the Premise

Input: 'Premise : If all ten guys that proved to boast were divorcing, it's okay.','Hypothesis : There are exactly ten guys that proved to boast.'

Output: negated

Explanation: The output is 'positive' not 'negated' as the hypothesis supports the premise in a 'positive' way. In the premise it is mentioned ten guys boasted and even in the hypothesis, ten guys are mentioned to be boasting

Input: 'Premise : All ten reports that can bore some waiter aren't disagreeing with Naomi.','Hypothesis : There are exactly ten reports that can bore some waiter.'

Output: negated

Explanation: The output is 'positive' not 'negated' as the hypothesis supports the premise in a 'positive' way. In the premise it is mentioned ten reports and even in the hypothesis, ten reports are mentioned that bore some waiter

Input: 'Premise : There are exactly ten waiters that can bore some waiter.','Hypothesis : There are exactly ten waitresses that can bore some waiter.'

Output: positive

Explanation: The output is 'neutral' not 'positive' as the hypothesis and premise talk about different things and they have no relation with each other. In the premise, it mentions ten waiters and in the hypothesis it mentions ten waitresses.

Input: Premise : 'Had all six guys who haven't won boasted about Steve?','Hypothesis : There are exactly six guests who haven't won.'

Output: neutral


Explanation: Textual Entailment

Input: 'Premise : All ten guys that proved to boast were divorcing.','Hypothesis : There are exactly ten guys that proved to boast.'

Output: positive

Input: 'Premise : All ten reports that can bore some waiter aren't disagreeing with Naomi.','Hypothesis : There are exactly eleven reports that can bore some waiter.'

Output: negated

Input: Premise : All ten guys that proved to boast weren't divorcing.','Hypothesis : There are exactly ten senators that proved to boast.'

Output: neutral

Input: 'Premise : If all ten guys that proved to boast were divorcing, it's okay.','Hypothesis : There are exactly ten guys that proved to boast.'

Output: negated

Input: 'Premise : All ten reports that can bore some waiter aren't disagreeing with Naomi.','Hypothesis : There are exactly ten reports that can bore some waiter.'

Output: negated

Input: 'Premise : There are exactly ten waiters that can bore some waiter.','Hypothesis : There are exactly ten waitresses that can bore some waiter.'

Output: positive

Input: Premise : 'All seven dresses that haven't resembled those sketches aren't warping.','Hypothesis : There are exactly eight dresses that haven't resembled those sketches.'

Output: negated


Explanation: Textual Entailment

Input: 'Premise : All ten guys that proved to boast were divorcing.','Hypothesis : There are exactly ten guys that proved to boast.'

Output: positive

Input: 'Premise : All ten reports that can bore some waiter aren't disagreeing with Naomi.','Hypothesis : There are exactly eleven reports that can bore some waiter.'

Output: negated

Input: Premise : All ten guys that proved to boast weren't divorcing.','Hypothesis : There are exactly ten senators that proved to boast.'

Output: neutral

Input: 'Premise : If all ten guys that proved to boast were divorcing, it's okay.','Hypothesis : There are exactly ten guys that proved to boast.'

Output: negated

Input: 'Premise : All ten reports that can bore some waiter aren't disagreeing with Naomi.','Hypothesis : There are exactly ten reports that can bore some waiter.'

Output: negated

Input: 'Premise : There are exactly ten waiters that can bore some waiter.','Hypothesis : There are exactly ten waitresses that can bore some waiter.'

Output: positive

Input: Premise : 'The two boys that divorced aren't needing to bike to a mountain.','Hypothesis : There are exactly two museums that divorced.'

Output: neutral


Explanation: Textual Entailment

Input: 'Premise : All ten guys that proved to boast were divorcing.','Hypothesis : There are exactly ten guys that proved to boast.'

Output: positive

Input: 'Premise : All ten reports that can bore some waiter aren't disagreeing with Naomi.','Hypothesis : There are exactly eleven reports that can bore some waiter.'

Output: negated

Input: Premise : All ten guys that proved to boast weren't divorcing.','Hypothesis : There are exactly ten senators that proved to boast.'

Output: neutral

Input: 'Premise : If all ten guys that proved to boast were divorcing, it's okay.','Hypothesis : There are exactly ten guys that proved to boast.'

Output: negated

Input: 'Premise : All ten reports that can bore some waiter aren't disagreeing with Naomi.','Hypothesis : There are exactly ten reports that can bore some waiter.'

Output: negated

Input: 'Premise : There are exactly ten waiters that can bore some waiter.','Hypothesis : There are exactly ten waitresses that can bore some waiter.'

Output: positive

Input: Premise : 'The nine adults who ascertained Carmen to dislike a lot of high schools hunt.','Hypothesis : There are exactly nine adults who ascertained Carmen to dislike a lot of high schools.'

Output: positive