Input: sentence: I couldn't put the saucepan on the rack because it was too tall .pronoun: it. A) the saucepan B) the rack

Output: the rack

Input: sentence: Arnold greatly influenced Jackson , though he lived two centuries earlier .pronoun: he. A) jackson B) arnold

Output: arnold

Input: sentence: cory knocked on dolly's door , but there was no answer . she was out .pronoun: she. A) cory B) dolly

Output: dolly

Input: sentence: There are pillars between me and the stages , and I can't see them .pronoun: them. A) the pillars B) the stages

Output: the stages

Input: sentence: Joe and David's uncles can still beat them at tennis , even though they are 30 years younger .pronoun: they. A) joe and david B) joe and david's uncles

Output: joe and david's uncles

Input: sentence: gaston passed the half-empty plate to hershel because he was full .pronoun: he. A) Gaston B) hershel

Output: hershel

Input: sentence: The policeman arrested the gang member . He was trying to stop the drug trade in the neighborhood .pronoun: He. A) the police B) the gang member

Output: the gang member

Input: sentence: Sam and Henry pulled up chairs to the pianos , but they were broken , so they had to stand instead .pronoun: they. A) the chairs B) the pianos

Output: the chairs


In each example you will read a short sentence (or two). Then, a pronoun in the text is mentioned. Your task is to choose a referent which the mentioned pronoun refers to. You will be given two options in each case and one choice should seem much more likely to you than the other.

Input: sentence: I couldn't put the saucepan on the rack because it was too tall .pronoun: it. A) the saucepan B) the rack

Output: the rack

Explanation: If the saucepan couldn't be put on the rack, the rack was probably taller than the person's reach. The pronoun "it" refers to the rack.

Input: sentence: Arnold greatly influenced Jackson , though he lived two centuries earlier .pronoun: he. A) jackson B) arnold

Output: arnold

Explanation: For one person to influence another person, they should leave earlier than them, or contemporary to them. So the pronoun must refer to the influencer, which is Arnold.

Input: sentence: cory knocked on dolly's door , but there was no answer . she was out .pronoun: she. A) cory B) dolly

Output: dolly

Explanation: From the context of the sentence, we know that the sentence "She was out" is resulted from Dolly not answering the door, so the pronoun "she" must refer to dolly.

Input: sentence: There are pillars between me and the stages , and I can't see them .pronoun: them. A) the pillars B) the stages

Output: the stages

Explanation: The pillars are between someone and the stages, so they can probably see the pillars and not the stages.

Input: sentence: Joe and David's uncles can still beat them at tennis , even though they are 30 years younger .pronoun: they. A) joe and david B) joe and david's uncles

Output: joe and david's uncles

Explanation: There're two clues for resolving this pronoun. First, one's uncle is not usually 30 years younger than them. Second, younger people are usualy better at sports. The expression "even though" shows that there's a certain surprise in the sentence, so the person with better tennis performance should be the older one.

Input: sentence: gaston passed the half-empty plate to hershel because he was full .pronoun: he. A) Gaston B) hershel

Output: hershel

Explanation: The person passing the leftover food must be the one who is full, so in this example "he" must refer to gatson.

Input: sentence: The policeman arrested the gang member . He was trying to stop the drug trade in the neighborhood .pronoun: He. A) the police B) the gang member

Output: the gang member

Explanation: Deciding between a police and a gang member, it makes sense that the police is the one stopping the drug trade, not the gang member.

Input: sentence: Frank and Steve felt vindicated when their longtime rivals Bill and Pete revealed that they were the winners of the competition .pronoun: they. A) frank and steve B) bill and pete

Output: frank and steve


Input: sentence: I couldn't put the saucepan on the rack because it was too tall .pronoun: it. A) the saucepan B) the rack

Output: the rack

Input: sentence: Arnold greatly influenced Jackson , though he lived two centuries earlier .pronoun: he. A) jackson B) arnold

Output: arnold

Input: sentence: cory knocked on dolly's door , but there was no answer . she was out .pronoun: she. A) cory B) dolly

Output: dolly

Input: sentence: There are pillars between me and the stages , and I can't see them .pronoun: them. A) the pillars B) the stages

Output: the stages

Input: sentence: Joe and David's uncles can still beat them at tennis , even though they are 30 years younger .pronoun: they. A) joe and david B) joe and david's uncles

Output: joe and david's uncles

Input: sentence: gaston passed the half-empty plate to hershel because he was full .pronoun: he. A) Gaston B) hershel

Output: hershel

Input: sentence: The policeman arrested the gang member . He was trying to stop the drug trade in the neighborhood .pronoun: He. A) the police B) the gang member

Output: the gang member

Input: sentence: rick said "check" to grover as he took his bishop .pronoun: his. A) rick B) grover

Output: grover


Input: sentence: I couldn't put the saucepan on the rack because it was too tall .pronoun: it. A) the saucepan B) the rack

Output: the rack

Input: sentence: Arnold greatly influenced Jackson , though he lived two centuries earlier .pronoun: he. A) jackson B) arnold

Output: arnold

Input: sentence: cory knocked on dolly's door , but there was no answer . she was out .pronoun: she. A) cory B) dolly

Output: dolly

Input: sentence: There are pillars between me and the stages , and I can't see them .pronoun: them. A) the pillars B) the stages

Output: the stages

Input: sentence: Joe and David's uncles can still beat them at tennis , even though they are 30 years younger .pronoun: they. A) joe and david B) joe and david's uncles

Output: joe and david's uncles

Input: sentence: gaston passed the half-empty plate to hershel because he was full .pronoun: he. A) Gaston B) hershel

Output: hershel

Input: sentence: The policeman arrested the gang member . He was trying to stop the drug trade in the neighborhood .pronoun: He. A) the police B) the gang member

Output: the gang member

Input: sentence: the mold rolled off the rack because it wasn't level .pronoun: it. A) the mold B) the rack

Output: the rack


Explanation: Reasoning on Objects

In this task, we ask you convert a data table of restaurant descriptions into fluent natural-sounding English sentences. The input is a string of key-value pairs; the output should be a natural and grammatical English sentence containing all the information from the input.

Input: name[Aromi], eatType[restaurant], food[English], area[city centre]

Output: Aromi is an English restaurant in the city centre.

Explanation: The output sentence faithfully converts the data in the input into a natural-sounding sentence.

Input: name[The Rice Boat], food[Indian], priceRange[cheap], customer rating[5 out of 5], area[city centre], familyFriendly[yes], near[Express by Holiday Inn]

Output: The Rice Boat is a cheap Indian restaurant in the center of the city near Express by Holiday Inn. It is family friendly and has the highest customer rating.

Explanation: The output sentence correctly contains all the information from the input. It is grammatical and idiomatic.

Input: name[Blue Spice], eatType[coffee shop], priceRange[more than £30], customer rating[5 out of 5], area[riverside], familyFriendly[yes], near[Avalon]

Output: Blue Spice is a Colombian coffee shop located by the riverside, near Avalon in Boston. Its prices are over £30. Its customer ratings are 5 out of 5.

Explanation: While the output contains most of the information from the input, it hallucinates by adding ungrounded information such as "Colombian" and "Boston".

Input: name[The Mill], eatType[restaurant], area[riverside], near[The Rice Boat]

Output: A restaurant The Mill, can find near the riverside next to The Rice Boat.

Explanation: Note that your answers should be grammatically correct and fluent. So, this is a bad example.

Input: name[The Waterman], food[Japanese], priceRange[less than £20], customer rating[average], area[riverside], familyFriendly[yes]

Output: The Waterman is an expensive family-friendly Chinese restaurant with average customer rating in riverside

Explanation: The output contains incorrect information such as "expensive" and "Chinese restaurant"

Input: name[Zizzi], eatType[restaurant], priceRange[cheap], area[riverside]

Output: Zizzi is a cheap restaurant in the riverside area.

Zizzi is a cheap Italian restaurant in the city near Express by Holiday Inn. It is family friendly and has the highest customer rating.


Explanation: Reasoning on Objects

Input: name[Aromi], eatType[restaurant], food[English], area[city centre]

Output: Aromi is an English restaurant in the city centre.

Input: name[The Rice Boat], food[Indian], priceRange[cheap], customer rating[5 out of 5], area[city centre], familyFriendly[yes], near[Express by Holiday Inn]

Output: The Rice Boat is a cheap Indian restaurant in the center of the city near Express by Holiday Inn. It is family friendly and has the highest customer rating.

Input: name[Blue Spice], eatType[coffee shop], priceRange[more than £30], customer rating[5 out of 5], area[riverside], familyFriendly[yes], near[Avalon]

Output: Blue Spice is a Colombian coffee shop located by the riverside, near Avalon in Boston. Its prices are over £30. Its customer ratings are 5 out of 5.

Input: name[The Mill], eatType[restaurant], area[riverside], near[The Rice Boat]

Output: A restaurant The Mill, can find near the riverside next to The Rice Boat.

Input: name[The Waterman], food[Japanese], priceRange[less than £20], customer rating[average], area[riverside], familyFriendly[yes]

Output: The Waterman is an expensive family-friendly Chinese restaurant with average customer rating in riverside

Input: name[The Vaults], food[French], priceRange[more than £30], familyFriendly[yes]

Output: There is a child friendly French restaurant with a price range of more than £30 called The Vaults.

The Vaults is a cheap food restaurant in the city near The Vaults. It is family friendly and has the highest customer rating.


Explanation: Reasoning on Objects

Input: name[Aromi], eatType[restaurant], food[English], area[city centre]

Output: Aromi is an English restaurant in the city centre.

Input: name[The Rice Boat], food[Indian], priceRange[cheap], customer rating[5 out of 5], area[city centre], familyFriendly[yes], near[Express by Holiday Inn]

Output: The Rice Boat is a cheap Indian restaurant in the center of the city near Express by Holiday Inn. It is family friendly and has the highest customer rating.

Input: name[Blue Spice], eatType[coffee shop], priceRange[more than £30], customer rating[5 out of 5], area[riverside], familyFriendly[yes], near[Avalon]

Output: Blue Spice is a Colombian coffee shop located by the riverside, near Avalon in Boston. Its prices are over £30. Its customer ratings are 5 out of 5.

Input: name[The Mill], eatType[restaurant], area[riverside], near[The Rice Boat]

Output: A restaurant The Mill, can find near the riverside next to The Rice Boat.

Input: name[The Waterman], food[Japanese], priceRange[less than £20], customer rating[average], area[riverside], familyFriendly[yes]

Output: The Waterman is an expensive family-friendly Chinese restaurant with average customer rating in riverside

Input: name[The Olive Grove], eatType[pub], food[French], priceRange[more than £30], area[riverside], familyFriendly[yes]

Output: The Olive Grove is a child-friendly pub, serving French food and is suitable for those with a budget of more than £30.

The Olive Grove is a cheap Italian restaurant in the city near The Olive Grove. It is family friendly and has the highest customer rating.


Explanation: Reasoning on Objects

Input: name[Aromi], eatType[restaurant], food[English], area[city centre]

Output: Aromi is an English restaurant in the city centre.

Input: name[The Rice Boat], food[Indian], priceRange[cheap], customer rating[5 out of 5], area[city centre], familyFriendly[yes], near[Express by Holiday Inn]

Output: The Rice Boat is a cheap Indian restaurant in the center of the city near Express by Holiday Inn. It is family friendly and has the highest customer rating.

Input: name[Blue Spice], eatType[coffee shop], priceRange[more than £30], customer rating[5 out of 5], area[riverside], familyFriendly[yes], near[Avalon]

Output: Blue Spice is a Colombian coffee shop located by the riverside, near Avalon in Boston. Its prices are over £30. Its customer ratings are 5 out of 5.

Input: name[The Mill], eatType[restaurant], area[riverside], near[The Rice Boat]

Output: A restaurant The Mill, can find near the riverside next to The Rice Boat.

Input: name[The Waterman], food[Japanese], priceRange[less than £20], customer rating[average], area[riverside], familyFriendly[yes]

Output: The Waterman is an expensive family-friendly Chinese restaurant with average customer rating in riverside

Input: name[The Eagle], eatType[coffee shop], food[Indian], priceRange[cheap], customer rating[5 out of 5], area[riverside], familyFriendly[yes], near[Burger King]

Output: The Eagle is in the riverside area near Burger King.  It serves cheap Indian food and has a customer rating of 5 out of 5.  It is family friendly.

The Eagle is a cheap Indian restaurant in the city near Burger King. It is family friendly and has the highest customer rating.


Explanation: Reasoning on Objects

Input: name[Aromi], eatType[restaurant], food[English], area[city centre]

Output: Aromi is an English restaurant in the city centre.

Input: name[The Rice Boat], food[Indian], priceRange[cheap], customer rating[5 out of 5], area[city centre], familyFriendly[yes], near[Express by Holiday Inn]

Output: The Rice Boat is a cheap Indian restaurant in the center of the city near Express by Holiday Inn. It is family friendly and has the highest customer rating.

Input: name[Blue Spice], eatType[coffee shop], priceRange[more than £30], customer rating[5 out of 5], area[riverside], familyFriendly[yes], near[Avalon]

Output: Blue Spice is a Colombian coffee shop located by the riverside, near Avalon in Boston. Its prices are over £30. Its customer ratings are 5 out of 5.

Input: name[The Mill], eatType[restaurant], area[riverside], near[The Rice Boat]

Output: A restaurant The Mill, can find near the riverside next to The Rice Boat.

Input: name[The Waterman], food[Japanese], priceRange[less than £20], customer rating[average], area[riverside], familyFriendly[yes]

Output: The Waterman is an expensive family-friendly Chinese restaurant with average customer rating in riverside

Input: name[Midsummer House], food[Italian], priceRange[high], customer rating[1 out of 5], near[All Bar One]

Output: There is a restaurant near All Bar One called Midsummer House that is expensive.

Midsummer House is a cheap Indian restaurant in the city near All Bar One. It is family friendly and has the highest customer rating.


Given a document, generate a short title of the document. The title should convey the main idea/event/topic about which the document is being written. Note that URLs in the text have been replaced with [Link].

Input:
In a letter posted on the White House web site Tuesday  John Brennan  assistant to President Barack Obama for homeland security and counterterrorism  said Schmidt will have regular access to the president and play a vital role in the country's security.
 Schmidt's selection comes more than 10 months after Obama declared cyber security a priority and ordered a broad administration review.
 A senior White House official said Obama was personally involved in the selection process and chose Schmidt because of his unique background and skills. Schmidt will have regular and direct access to the president for cyber security issues  the official said. The official spoke on the condition of anonymity to discuss the selection process.
 At the same time  cyber experts and potential job candidates have complained that the position lacks the budgetary and policy-making authority needed to be successful. Schmidt will report to the National Security Council and closely support the National Economic Council on cyber issues.
 Schmidt's selection suggests that economic and business interests in the White House held more sway in the selection process. Schmidt  president and CEO of the Information Security Forum  a nonprofit international consortium that conducts research in information security  has served as chief security officer for Microsoft and as cyber security chief for online auction giant eBay. He was reportedly preferred by Lawrence Summers  director of the economic council. A good format for the titel can be the simple subject + object + verb.

Output: White House picks new cyber coordinator

Explanation: The title is relevant to the main topic of document, that is, the selection of Schmidt as the cybersecutiy chief.

Input:
India's financial capital Mumbai will get another airport  the Navi Mumbai airport  after the central government Monday gave a go-ahead to the project  after months of uncertainty over flouting of environmental norms.
 will get another airport  the Navi Mumbai airport  after the central government Monday gave a go-ahead to the project  after months of uncertainty over flouting of environmental norms.
 "Around 85 to 90 percent of our (environmental) concerns have been addressed. The process of building the Navi Mumbai airport can start today. With these compromises we are fully on board and will ensure speedy work " Indian Environment Minister Jairam Ramesh told the media here.
 The Navi Mumbai airport  which has been planned some 30 kilometers away from the current Chattrapati Shivaji airport in Mumbai  had been a contentious issue because of its environmental impact due to its location. But  the Indian Environment Ministry finally cleared the project.
 Claiming that the plans for the airport have been modified so that one river instead of two will be diverted  the minister said: "River Gadhi would not be diverted to make way for the airport and added that 161 hectares of mangroves would fall under Navi Mumbai airport."
 and added that 161 hectares of mangroves would fall under Navi Mumbai airport."
 "We cannot leave aside the environmental concerns and Navi Mumbai airport sanction is classic example of respecting the norms. This should be the same for all mega projects. The Navi Mumbai airport clearance is crucial for Maharashtra. Relocation of some 3  000 families will be done at a fast pace. Some forest clearance is awaited but should not be a problem " Chavan said.

Output: Indian govt gives go-ahead to second commercial airport in Mumbai

Explanation: The title describes the main event of the document. Rest of the information in the paragraph support that Mumbai is getting a second commercial airport.

Input:
LeBron  James  has had a strong response after a Fox News host said that instead of criticizing President Donald Trump  he should just "shut up and dribble."
This isn't the first time  James  has used  his  shoes to make a statement.
In December when the Cavs played in D.C. he  wore black and white sneakers that said "Equality."

Output: Fox News host asked LeBron to shut up

Explanation: This is not the main topic of the document. The main topic is about LeBron wearing shoes to make public statements which is supported by the last sentence as well.

Input: Lauren Cohan's Walking Dead fate may be written in the Whiskey Cavalier. While the show hasn't been picked up yet   Cohan  hasn't yet signed on for season 9 of Walking Dead and rumors have circulated for months about her possible exit from the zombie show. Just two days ago  showrunner Scott Gimple told TVLine that  he is incredibly hopeful about working out a new deal with  Cohan   who has played Maggie since the second season. "These things do happen in TV" he  said. But we are talking.

Output: Scott Gimple signed Lauren Cohan for season 9

Explanation: Though the topic is relevant  and have correct names from the document, this is incorrect fact, as it is mentioned that Cohan hasn't yet signed.

Input:
Billionaire Prince Alwaleed bin Talal  was picked up at  his  desert camp  the senior official said. Authorities did not disclose the evidence that prompted the arrests.
 Prince Alwaleed bin Talal  presides over a vast financial empire (estimated $35 billion in 2015):
Alwaleed is the largest individual shareholder of Citigroup  the second-largest voting shareholder in 21st Century Fox and owns a number of hotels. TIME even called  him  "Arabian Warren Buffet".
MBS  as  the Crown Prince  is known  is the leader who is launching what modernizers hope will be a Saudi Version of the Meiji Restoration[ii] in Japan  transforming the political economy and culture out of necessity â in order to survive in the modern world system. The Saudis have practiced religious and cultural isolationism  while their oil allowed the country to avoid the necessity of building an economy that could supply anything else that the rest of the world would be willing to pay for.
Of the people arrested   Alwaleed bin Tala  is the most intriguing for Americans thanks to  his  Twitter sparring with candidate Trump during the election  and for a startling connection unearthed by Jack Cashill more than five years ago in World New Daily.

Output: Modernizers launch a coup within the House of Saud

Prince Alwaleed bin Talal is picked up at his desert camp


Input:
In a letter posted on the White House web site Tuesday  John Brennan  assistant to President Barack Obama for homeland security and counterterrorism  said Schmidt will have regular access to the president and play a vital role in the country's security.
 Schmidt's selection comes more than 10 months after Obama declared cyber security a priority and ordered a broad administration review.
 A senior White House official said Obama was personally involved in the selection process and chose Schmidt because of his unique background and skills. Schmidt will have regular and direct access to the president for cyber security issues  the official said. The official spoke on the condition of anonymity to discuss the selection process.
 At the same time  cyber experts and potential job candidates have complained that the position lacks the budgetary and policy-making authority needed to be successful. Schmidt will report to the National Security Council and closely support the National Economic Council on cyber issues.
 Schmidt's selection suggests that economic and business interests in the White House held more sway in the selection process. Schmidt  president and CEO of the Information Security Forum  a nonprofit international consortium that conducts research in information security  has served as chief security officer for Microsoft and as cyber security chief for online auction giant eBay. He was reportedly preferred by Lawrence Summers  director of the economic council. A good format for the titel can be the simple subject + object + verb.

Output: White House picks new cyber coordinator

Input:
India's financial capital Mumbai will get another airport  the Navi Mumbai airport  after the central government Monday gave a go-ahead to the project  after months of uncertainty over flouting of environmental norms.
 will get another airport  the Navi Mumbai airport  after the central government Monday gave a go-ahead to the project  after months of uncertainty over flouting of environmental norms.
 "Around 85 to 90 percent of our (environmental) concerns have been addressed. The process of building the Navi Mumbai airport can start today. With these compromises we are fully on board and will ensure speedy work " Indian Environment Minister Jairam Ramesh told the media here.
 The Navi Mumbai airport  which has been planned some 30 kilometers away from the current Chattrapati Shivaji airport in Mumbai  had been a contentious issue because of its environmental impact due to its location. But  the Indian Environment Ministry finally cleared the project.
 Claiming that the plans for the airport have been modified so that one river instead of two will be diverted  the minister said: "River Gadhi would not be diverted to make way for the airport and added that 161 hectares of mangroves would fall under Navi Mumbai airport."
 and added that 161 hectares of mangroves would fall under Navi Mumbai airport."
 "We cannot leave aside the environmental concerns and Navi Mumbai airport sanction is classic example of respecting the norms. This should be the same for all mega projects. The Navi Mumbai airport clearance is crucial for Maharashtra. Relocation of some 3  000 families will be done at a fast pace. Some forest clearance is awaited but should not be a problem " Chavan said.

Output: Indian govt gives go-ahead to second commercial airport in Mumbai

Input:
LeBron  James  has had a strong response after a Fox News host said that instead of criticizing President Donald Trump  he should just "shut up and dribble."
This isn't the first time  James  has used  his  shoes to make a statement.
In December when the Cavs played in D.C. he  wore black and white sneakers that said "Equality."

Output: Fox News host asked LeBron to shut up

Input: Lauren Cohan's Walking Dead fate may be written in the Whiskey Cavalier. While the show hasn't been picked up yet   Cohan  hasn't yet signed on for season 9 of Walking Dead and rumors have circulated for months about her possible exit from the zombie show. Just two days ago  showrunner Scott Gimple told TVLine that  he is incredibly hopeful about working out a new deal with  Cohan   who has played Maggie since the second season. "These things do happen in TV" he  said. But we are talking.

Output: Scott Gimple signed Lauren Cohan for season 9

Input:
YouTube star Logan Paul  says  he 's going to grow from  his  mistakes after last month's incident  in which  he  received news-making backlash after posting images of what appeared to be a suicide victim online.  Paul  says  he 's a "good guy who made a bad decision " and says some of the "tough" comments  he  has received have even included people calling on  him  to kill  himself .
"It's been tough  'cause ironically I'm being told to commit suicide  myself  "  he  said on ABC's "Good Morning America" on Thursday. "Millions of people literally telling me they hate me  to go die in a fire. Like  the most horrible  horrific things."
 Paul  says that  he  realizes the impact of  his  actions  and accepts the criticism  he  has received as fair. At the same time   he  also said that parents should monitor what their children watch.
 He  added that  he  does not think of  his  target audience as children.
"Sometimes I cuss. Sometimes I make inappropriate jokes "  he  said. "I want to make jokes that kids my age are going to like ... Now I will say I'm much more aware of the impact that my actions have on  myself  and others."
Last month   Paul  posted video of  him  in a forest near Mount Fuji in Japan near what seemed to be a body hanging from a tree. YouTube says the images violated its policies and suspended  him .
 Paul  called the posting a "horrible lack of judgment."  He  says  he 'll "think twice ... maybe three times" about what  he  posts.
Last week   Paul  returned to the video sharing platform with a suicide prevention video.  He  told "Good Morning America"  he 's hopeful for  his  future.
"I think I'm going to earn a second chance "  he  said. "I don't think everyone should get a second chance."

Output: YouTube star Logan Paul wants "second chance" after " suicide forest" video

Paul says he's going to grow from his mistakes.


Input:
In a letter posted on the White House web site Tuesday  John Brennan  assistant to President Barack Obama for homeland security and counterterrorism  said Schmidt will have regular access to the president and play a vital role in the country's security.
 Schmidt's selection comes more than 10 months after Obama declared cyber security a priority and ordered a broad administration review.
 A senior White House official said Obama was personally involved in the selection process and chose Schmidt because of his unique background and skills. Schmidt will have regular and direct access to the president for cyber security issues  the official said. The official spoke on the condition of anonymity to discuss the selection process.
 At the same time  cyber experts and potential job candidates have complained that the position lacks the budgetary and policy-making authority needed to be successful. Schmidt will report to the National Security Council and closely support the National Economic Council on cyber issues.
 Schmidt's selection suggests that economic and business interests in the White House held more sway in the selection process. Schmidt  president and CEO of the Information Security Forum  a nonprofit international consortium that conducts research in information security  has served as chief security officer for Microsoft and as cyber security chief for online auction giant eBay. He was reportedly preferred by Lawrence Summers  director of the economic council. A good format for the titel can be the simple subject + object + verb.

Output: White House picks new cyber coordinator

Input:
India's financial capital Mumbai will get another airport  the Navi Mumbai airport  after the central government Monday gave a go-ahead to the project  after months of uncertainty over flouting of environmental norms.
 will get another airport  the Navi Mumbai airport  after the central government Monday gave a go-ahead to the project  after months of uncertainty over flouting of environmental norms.
 "Around 85 to 90 percent of our (environmental) concerns have been addressed. The process of building the Navi Mumbai airport can start today. With these compromises we are fully on board and will ensure speedy work " Indian Environment Minister Jairam Ramesh told the media here.
 The Navi Mumbai airport  which has been planned some 30 kilometers away from the current Chattrapati Shivaji airport in Mumbai  had been a contentious issue because of its environmental impact due to its location. But  the Indian Environment Ministry finally cleared the project.
 Claiming that the plans for the airport have been modified so that one river instead of two will be diverted  the minister said: "River Gadhi would not be diverted to make way for the airport and added that 161 hectares of mangroves would fall under Navi Mumbai airport."
 and added that 161 hectares of mangroves would fall under Navi Mumbai airport."
 "We cannot leave aside the environmental concerns and Navi Mumbai airport sanction is classic example of respecting the norms. This should be the same for all mega projects. The Navi Mumbai airport clearance is crucial for Maharashtra. Relocation of some 3  000 families will be done at a fast pace. Some forest clearance is awaited but should not be a problem " Chavan said.

Output: Indian govt gives go-ahead to second commercial airport in Mumbai

Input:
LeBron  James  has had a strong response after a Fox News host said that instead of criticizing President Donald Trump  he should just "shut up and dribble."
This isn't the first time  James  has used  his  shoes to make a statement.
In December when the Cavs played in D.C. he  wore black and white sneakers that said "Equality."

Output: Fox News host asked LeBron to shut up

Input: Lauren Cohan's Walking Dead fate may be written in the Whiskey Cavalier. While the show hasn't been picked up yet   Cohan  hasn't yet signed on for season 9 of Walking Dead and rumors have circulated for months about her possible exit from the zombie show. Just two days ago  showrunner Scott Gimple told TVLine that  he is incredibly hopeful about working out a new deal with  Cohan   who has played Maggie since the second season. "These things do happen in TV" he  said. But we are talking.

Output: Scott Gimple signed Lauren Cohan for season 9

Input:
"Our coaches in our league stand up for whatâs right  " South Carolina coach Dawn Staley  said. "The fact that they can speak out on it  itâs a great thing. Itâs what America is all about  being able to exercise your First Amendment right."
 Staley  said  her  team  which won the NCAA title in April  still has not been invited to the White House.
"What I am most looking forward to is getting an invitation to the NCAA tournament in 2018  " Staley  said. "That's more important."
âFrom someone who has had that experience and understanding what that experience means and for  Dawn  and their team  itâs kind of (a) slap in the face " White said.
"We enjoyed the White House " Warlick said. "I hope that if  Dawn  wants to go and take  her  team  I hope  she  gets that opportunity. It's a special time."
More:  Dawn Staley  done discussing possible White House invite
When Fargas went as a Tennessee player in 1991  the men's and women's national champion teams visited the White House together. So  she  was there to see President George H. W. Bush with the Duke team that featured Christian Laettner and Grant Hill.

Output: White House snub of South Carolina basketball 'a slap in the face'

Dawn Staley said she is looking forward to getting an invitation to the NCAA tournament in 2018.


Input:
In a letter posted on the White House web site Tuesday  John Brennan  assistant to President Barack Obama for homeland security and counterterrorism  said Schmidt will have regular access to the president and play a vital role in the country's security.
 Schmidt's selection comes more than 10 months after Obama declared cyber security a priority and ordered a broad administration review.
 A senior White House official said Obama was personally involved in the selection process and chose Schmidt because of his unique background and skills. Schmidt will have regular and direct access to the president for cyber security issues  the official said. The official spoke on the condition of anonymity to discuss the selection process.
 At the same time  cyber experts and potential job candidates have complained that the position lacks the budgetary and policy-making authority needed to be successful. Schmidt will report to the National Security Council and closely support the National Economic Council on cyber issues.
 Schmidt's selection suggests that economic and business interests in the White House held more sway in the selection process. Schmidt  president and CEO of the Information Security Forum  a nonprofit international consortium that conducts research in information security  has served as chief security officer for Microsoft and as cyber security chief for online auction giant eBay. He was reportedly preferred by Lawrence Summers  director of the economic council. A good format for the titel can be the simple subject + object + verb.

Output: White House picks new cyber coordinator

Input:
India's financial capital Mumbai will get another airport  the Navi Mumbai airport  after the central government Monday gave a go-ahead to the project  after months of uncertainty over flouting of environmental norms.
 will get another airport  the Navi Mumbai airport  after the central government Monday gave a go-ahead to the project  after months of uncertainty over flouting of environmental norms.
 "Around 85 to 90 percent of our (environmental) concerns have been addressed. The process of building the Navi Mumbai airport can start today. With these compromises we are fully on board and will ensure speedy work " Indian Environment Minister Jairam Ramesh told the media here.
 The Navi Mumbai airport  which has been planned some 30 kilometers away from the current Chattrapati Shivaji airport in Mumbai  had been a contentious issue because of its environmental impact due to its location. But  the Indian Environment Ministry finally cleared the project.
 Claiming that the plans for the airport have been modified so that one river instead of two will be diverted  the minister said: "River Gadhi would not be diverted to make way for the airport and added that 161 hectares of mangroves would fall under Navi Mumbai airport."
 and added that 161 hectares of mangroves would fall under Navi Mumbai airport."
 "We cannot leave aside the environmental concerns and Navi Mumbai airport sanction is classic example of respecting the norms. This should be the same for all mega projects. The Navi Mumbai airport clearance is crucial for Maharashtra. Relocation of some 3  000 families will be done at a fast pace. Some forest clearance is awaited but should not be a problem " Chavan said.

Output: Indian govt gives go-ahead to second commercial airport in Mumbai

Input:
LeBron  James  has had a strong response after a Fox News host said that instead of criticizing President Donald Trump  he should just "shut up and dribble."
This isn't the first time  James  has used  his  shoes to make a statement.
In December when the Cavs played in D.C. he  wore black and white sneakers that said "Equality."

Output: Fox News host asked LeBron to shut up

Input: Lauren Cohan's Walking Dead fate may be written in the Whiskey Cavalier. While the show hasn't been picked up yet   Cohan  hasn't yet signed on for season 9 of Walking Dead and rumors have circulated for months about her possible exit from the zombie show. Just two days ago  showrunner Scott Gimple told TVLine that  he is incredibly hopeful about working out a new deal with  Cohan   who has played Maggie since the second season. "These things do happen in TV" he  said. But we are talking.

Output: Scott Gimple signed Lauren Cohan for season 9

Input:
Skip in Skip  x Embed x Share CLOSE Michigan football coach Jim Harbaugh  discusses the quarterback situation Oct. 30  2017  heading into the Minnesota game. By Nick Baumgardner  DFP.
 Jim Harbaugh  didn't declare Brandon Peters as  his  starting quarterback after Saturday's win over Rutgers.
And while  he  wasn't quite ready to do it Monday   he  more or less tabbed Michigan's redshirt freshman as the starter for Saturday night's game against Minnesota.
"Brandon will play  it's likely  he 'll start "  Harbaugh  said Monday afternoon in Ann Arbor. "We'll see."
Minutes earlier   Harbaugh  told reporters  he  wasn't prepared to officially name a starter for Saturday (7:30 p.m.  Fox).  He  said Michigan would prepare both Peters and fifth-year senior John O'Korn to play against the Golden Gophers  as  he  says  he  did a week ago.
When pressed   Harbaugh  said odds are Peters will be the starting quarterback this weekend.
"We're going to try to really build on what Brandon did in the ballgame  we're going into this game and we're going to prepare both quarterbacks "  Harbaugh  said. "Brandon's definitely going to play. The 51 percent would be on the side of him starting.
 Harbaugh  said  he  didn't want to jump the gun too fast  though  as  he 'd like to have Peters build off  his  impressive debut with a better week of practice heading into what appears to be  his  first college start.
In other words: It's all set up for  him   but Peters has to earn it this week.
"Our system is a meritocracy  where the best players play "  Harbaugh  said. "It was time for Brandon to play   he  went in and acquitted  himself  very well.  He  will play again this week.
"Build on the successes that  he  had in the ball game. Have a real good full week of practice."

Output: Brandon Peters will 'likely' start at QB for Michigan vs. Minnesota

Michigan will play the first time this season.


Input:
In a letter posted on the White House web site Tuesday  John Brennan  assistant to President Barack Obama for homeland security and counterterrorism  said Schmidt will have regular access to the president and play a vital role in the country's security.
 Schmidt's selection comes more than 10 months after Obama declared cyber security a priority and ordered a broad administration review.
 A senior White House official said Obama was personally involved in the selection process and chose Schmidt because of his unique background and skills. Schmidt will have regular and direct access to the president for cyber security issues  the official said. The official spoke on the condition of anonymity to discuss the selection process.
 At the same time  cyber experts and potential job candidates have complained that the position lacks the budgetary and policy-making authority needed to be successful. Schmidt will report to the National Security Council and closely support the National Economic Council on cyber issues.
 Schmidt's selection suggests that economic and business interests in the White House held more sway in the selection process. Schmidt  president and CEO of the Information Security Forum  a nonprofit international consortium that conducts research in information security  has served as chief security officer for Microsoft and as cyber security chief for online auction giant eBay. He was reportedly preferred by Lawrence Summers  director of the economic council. A good format for the titel can be the simple subject + object + verb.

Output: White House picks new cyber coordinator

Input:
India's financial capital Mumbai will get another airport  the Navi Mumbai airport  after the central government Monday gave a go-ahead to the project  after months of uncertainty over flouting of environmental norms.
 will get another airport  the Navi Mumbai airport  after the central government Monday gave a go-ahead to the project  after months of uncertainty over flouting of environmental norms.
 "Around 85 to 90 percent of our (environmental) concerns have been addressed. The process of building the Navi Mumbai airport can start today. With these compromises we are fully on board and will ensure speedy work " Indian Environment Minister Jairam Ramesh told the media here.
 The Navi Mumbai airport  which has been planned some 30 kilometers away from the current Chattrapati Shivaji airport in Mumbai  had been a contentious issue because of its environmental impact due to its location. But  the Indian Environment Ministry finally cleared the project.
 Claiming that the plans for the airport have been modified so that one river instead of two will be diverted  the minister said: "River Gadhi would not be diverted to make way for the airport and added that 161 hectares of mangroves would fall under Navi Mumbai airport."
 and added that 161 hectares of mangroves would fall under Navi Mumbai airport."
 "We cannot leave aside the environmental concerns and Navi Mumbai airport sanction is classic example of respecting the norms. This should be the same for all mega projects. The Navi Mumbai airport clearance is crucial for Maharashtra. Relocation of some 3  000 families will be done at a fast pace. Some forest clearance is awaited but should not be a problem " Chavan said.

Output: Indian govt gives go-ahead to second commercial airport in Mumbai

Input:
LeBron  James  has had a strong response after a Fox News host said that instead of criticizing President Donald Trump  he should just "shut up and dribble."
This isn't the first time  James  has used  his  shoes to make a statement.
In December when the Cavs played in D.C. he  wore black and white sneakers that said "Equality."

Output: Fox News host asked LeBron to shut up

Input: Lauren Cohan's Walking Dead fate may be written in the Whiskey Cavalier. While the show hasn't been picked up yet   Cohan  hasn't yet signed on for season 9 of Walking Dead and rumors have circulated for months about her possible exit from the zombie show. Just two days ago  showrunner Scott Gimple told TVLine that  he is incredibly hopeful about working out a new deal with  Cohan   who has played Maggie since the second season. "These things do happen in TV" he  said. But we are talking.

Output: Scott Gimple signed Lauren Cohan for season 9

Input:
Melanie Oudin and Francesca Schiavone also know how quickly perceptions can change. Oudin struggled with higher expectations since her crowd-pleasing run to the U.S. Open quarterfinals last year. So did Schiavone after her breakthrough French Open title in June.
 Oudin  18  needed just 56 minutes to beat Olga Savchuk of Ukraine 6-3  6-0. Schiavone  the Italian who won her first Grand Slam weeks before her 30th birthday  dispatched Ayumi Morita of Japan 6-1  6-0 in 58 minutes.
 If anything  Schiavone seems to be having fun in the spotlight. Asked why she's a fan favorite  she playfully replied  "I attract them because I'm beautiful."
 Schiavone acknowledged that maybe she's a bit more motivated at a Grand Slam than at other tournaments. Schiavone  seeded No. 6  had been just 3-6 since winning at Roland Garros. She lost in the first round at Wimbledon and dropped her opening match at three other tournaments.
 She was pleased that her first-round match was in the grandstand -- a year ago  she was relegated to an outer court.
 "I like to do it  because adrenaline is coming up and I enjoy much more than play in faraway court " she said with a laugh. "Maybe because I am 30 years old and now I want to enjoy with people."

Output: Clijsters wins 1st US Open match in straight sets

Melanie Oudin and Francesca Schiavone are the Italian who won No. 6 in the U.S. Open quarterfinals.


Explanation: Reasoning on Actions

In this task, you will be given a short story. One sentence from the story is chosen. Consider the events that happen before that sentence, or are likely to have happened before it. Does any of them directly cause it, or simply make it possible? You should write your answer in the form " A >causes/enables> B". Try to use phrases and sentences from the story to compose your answer when possible.

Input:
story: It was bedtime at our house. Two of the three kids hit the pillow and fall asleep. The third is a trouble maker. For two hours he continues to get out of bed and want to play. Finally he becomes tired and falls asleep.
 selected sentence: Finally he becomes tired and falls asleep.

Output: A kid wants to play before sleep >Causes/Enables> A kid eventually falls asleep

Explanation: The selected sentence is about a kid falling sleep, the answer correctly identifices an event causing the sentence to happen.

Input:
story: Cindy woke up late. Cindy forgot her homework. Cindy dropped food on her skirt. She thought it was the worst day ever. She got home and her parents took her for ice cream and it wasn't bad.
 selected sentence: Cindy dropped food on her skirt.

Output: Cindy eats >Causes/Enables> Cindy drops food on  her skirt

Explanation: In this example the event causing Cindy to drop food on her skirt is not explicitly in the story, but the events imply that it might have happened.

Input:
story: Neil took a ferry to the island of Tasmania. There he admired the beautiful beaches. The sands were white and lovely. But try as he might, Neil missed seeing one thing. He could not find any Tasmanian devils!
 selected sentence: There he admired the beautiful beaches.

Output: Neil goes to the island >Causes/Enables> Neil admires the beaches

Explanation: In this exmple, Neil going to the island causes him to admire the beaches(It couldn't have happened if he hadn't gone to the island.)

Input:
story: Cheyenne was home from her vacation and she was tired. She slept until noon and then took a long shower. For the rest of the day she just laid around the house being lazy. Cheyenne's mom decided to give her a couple days to rest. However, after that there would be no more sitting around the house.
 selected sentence: Cheyenne's mom decided to give her a couple days to rest.

Output: Cheyenne is tired from her vacation so Cheyenne's mom gives Cheyenne a couple of days to rest

Explanation: The cause of the event is correctly chosen, but the answer format is incorrect. There should be >Causes/Enables> between the two events in your answer.

Input: Sara was invited to the football game. She showed up at the gates early. Then, she went inside. She spent most of the game wandering around. At the end of the game, her team won.

Output: Sara  goes  to  a football game  >Causes/Enables> Her team  wins

Explanation: The given answer is not the cause of the selected sentence.

Input:
story: It was a cloudy day outside. Tina thought that it would rainy outside. She brought her umbrella with her on the bus. Tina lost her umbrella on the bus. She got rained on as she walked to work.
 selected sentence: Tina thought that it would rainy outside.

Output: Tina sees clouds >Causes/Enables> Tina thinks it will rain


Explanation: Reasoning on Actions

Input:
story: It was bedtime at our house. Two of the three kids hit the pillow and fall asleep. The third is a trouble maker. For two hours he continues to get out of bed and want to play. Finally he becomes tired and falls asleep.
 selected sentence: Finally he becomes tired and falls asleep.

Output: A kid wants to play before sleep >Causes/Enables> A kid eventually falls asleep

Input:
story: Cindy woke up late. Cindy forgot her homework. Cindy dropped food on her skirt. She thought it was the worst day ever. She got home and her parents took her for ice cream and it wasn't bad.
 selected sentence: Cindy dropped food on her skirt.

Output: Cindy eats >Causes/Enables> Cindy drops food on  her skirt

Input:
story: Neil took a ferry to the island of Tasmania. There he admired the beautiful beaches. The sands were white and lovely. But try as he might, Neil missed seeing one thing. He could not find any Tasmanian devils!
 selected sentence: There he admired the beautiful beaches.

Output: Neil goes to the island >Causes/Enables> Neil admires the beaches

Input:
story: Cheyenne was home from her vacation and she was tired. She slept until noon and then took a long shower. For the rest of the day she just laid around the house being lazy. Cheyenne's mom decided to give her a couple days to rest. However, after that there would be no more sitting around the house.
 selected sentence: Cheyenne's mom decided to give her a couple days to rest.

Output: Cheyenne is tired from her vacation so Cheyenne's mom gives Cheyenne a couple of days to rest

Input: Sara was invited to the football game. She showed up at the gates early. Then, she went inside. She spent most of the game wandering around. At the end of the game, her team won.

Output: Sara  goes  to  a football game  >Causes/Enables> Her team  wins

Input:
story: Nessa wanted to sing in the choir. She tried out for her school's choir. She sang her best, but it wasn't very good. She did not make the cut. Nessa was disappointed, but not very surprised.
 selected sentence: Nessa was disappointed, but not very surprised.

Output: Nessa doesn't make the cut >Causes/Enables> Nessa is disappointed


Explanation: Reasoning on Actions

Input:
story: It was bedtime at our house. Two of the three kids hit the pillow and fall asleep. The third is a trouble maker. For two hours he continues to get out of bed and want to play. Finally he becomes tired and falls asleep.
 selected sentence: Finally he becomes tired and falls asleep.

Output: A kid wants to play before sleep >Causes/Enables> A kid eventually falls asleep

Input:
story: Cindy woke up late. Cindy forgot her homework. Cindy dropped food on her skirt. She thought it was the worst day ever. She got home and her parents took her for ice cream and it wasn't bad.
 selected sentence: Cindy dropped food on her skirt.

Output: Cindy eats >Causes/Enables> Cindy drops food on  her skirt

Input:
story: Neil took a ferry to the island of Tasmania. There he admired the beautiful beaches. The sands were white and lovely. But try as he might, Neil missed seeing one thing. He could not find any Tasmanian devils!
 selected sentence: There he admired the beautiful beaches.

Output: Neil goes to the island >Causes/Enables> Neil admires the beaches

Input:
story: Cheyenne was home from her vacation and she was tired. She slept until noon and then took a long shower. For the rest of the day she just laid around the house being lazy. Cheyenne's mom decided to give her a couple days to rest. However, after that there would be no more sitting around the house.
 selected sentence: Cheyenne's mom decided to give her a couple days to rest.

Output: Cheyenne is tired from her vacation so Cheyenne's mom gives Cheyenne a couple of days to rest

Input: Sara was invited to the football game. She showed up at the gates early. Then, she went inside. She spent most of the game wandering around. At the end of the game, her team won.

Output: Sara  goes  to  a football game  >Causes/Enables> Her team  wins

Input:
story: Edna was born the last of 14 kids. She grew up much younger than most of her siblings. When she became an adult, a few of her siblings has died. Edna lived to be 90 years old. When she died, she was the last of her siblings.
 selected sentence: When she died, she was the last of her siblings.

Output: Edna's siblings die before Edna >Causes/Enables> She is the last sibling to die


Explanation: Reasoning on Actions

Input:
story: It was bedtime at our house. Two of the three kids hit the pillow and fall asleep. The third is a trouble maker. For two hours he continues to get out of bed and want to play. Finally he becomes tired and falls asleep.
 selected sentence: Finally he becomes tired and falls asleep.

Output: A kid wants to play before sleep >Causes/Enables> A kid eventually falls asleep

Input:
story: Cindy woke up late. Cindy forgot her homework. Cindy dropped food on her skirt. She thought it was the worst day ever. She got home and her parents took her for ice cream and it wasn't bad.
 selected sentence: Cindy dropped food on her skirt.

Output: Cindy eats >Causes/Enables> Cindy drops food on  her skirt

Input:
story: Neil took a ferry to the island of Tasmania. There he admired the beautiful beaches. The sands were white and lovely. But try as he might, Neil missed seeing one thing. He could not find any Tasmanian devils!
 selected sentence: There he admired the beautiful beaches.

Output: Neil goes to the island >Causes/Enables> Neil admires the beaches

Input:
story: Cheyenne was home from her vacation and she was tired. She slept until noon and then took a long shower. For the rest of the day she just laid around the house being lazy. Cheyenne's mom decided to give her a couple days to rest. However, after that there would be no more sitting around the house.
 selected sentence: Cheyenne's mom decided to give her a couple days to rest.

Output: Cheyenne is tired from her vacation so Cheyenne's mom gives Cheyenne a couple of days to rest

Input: Sara was invited to the football game. She showed up at the gates early. Then, she went inside. She spent most of the game wandering around. At the end of the game, her team won.

Output: Sara  goes  to  a football game  >Causes/Enables> Her team  wins

Input:
story: One day, Billy's family went on a trip to the zoo. Billy went to see the lion's den with his sister. Billy walked up to the den and tapped on the glass. One of the lions leaped into the air and swung a paw at Billy. Billy was scared to approach any other animals from then on.
 selected sentence: Billy walked up to the den and tapped on the glass.

Output: Billy goes to the zoo >Causes/Enables> Billy taps on the glass


Explanation: Reasoning on Actions

Input:
story: It was bedtime at our house. Two of the three kids hit the pillow and fall asleep. The third is a trouble maker. For two hours he continues to get out of bed and want to play. Finally he becomes tired and falls asleep.
 selected sentence: Finally he becomes tired and falls asleep.

Output: A kid wants to play before sleep >Causes/Enables> A kid eventually falls asleep

Input:
story: Cindy woke up late. Cindy forgot her homework. Cindy dropped food on her skirt. She thought it was the worst day ever. She got home and her parents took her for ice cream and it wasn't bad.
 selected sentence: Cindy dropped food on her skirt.

Output: Cindy eats >Causes/Enables> Cindy drops food on  her skirt

Input:
story: Neil took a ferry to the island of Tasmania. There he admired the beautiful beaches. The sands were white and lovely. But try as he might, Neil missed seeing one thing. He could not find any Tasmanian devils!
 selected sentence: There he admired the beautiful beaches.

Output: Neil goes to the island >Causes/Enables> Neil admires the beaches

Input:
story: Cheyenne was home from her vacation and she was tired. She slept until noon and then took a long shower. For the rest of the day she just laid around the house being lazy. Cheyenne's mom decided to give her a couple days to rest. However, after that there would be no more sitting around the house.
 selected sentence: Cheyenne's mom decided to give her a couple days to rest.

Output: Cheyenne is tired from her vacation so Cheyenne's mom gives Cheyenne a couple of days to rest

Input: Sara was invited to the football game. She showed up at the gates early. Then, she went inside. She spent most of the game wandering around. At the end of the game, her team won.

Output: Sara  goes  to  a football game  >Causes/Enables> Her team  wins

Input:
story: Tina borrowed my mom's car. She was on the way to her boyfriend's house. However, my mom needed to go Somewhere and tried to call Tina. Tina didn't pick up. My mom decided to drive my car to go to Tina.
 selected sentence: My mom decided to drive my car to go to Tina.

Output: Tina doesn't pick up her phone >Causes/Enables> My mom drives to TIna

Output: My mom borrows my car >Causes/Enables> My mom drives


Explanation: Relational Reasoning

Given two noun phrases (arguments) and relationship between them, form a sentence that expresses theses arguments with the given relationship.

Input: Relationship: 'knock', Argument/Subject 1: 'someone', Argument/Subject 2: 'it'

Output: The mailbox was bent and broken and looked like someone had knocked it over on purpose.

Explanation: The generated sentence contains the two given subjects - someone and it, and they are related to each other on the basis of the given relationship - knocked

Input: Relationship: 'talk', Argument/Subject 1: 'you', Argument/Subject 2: 'me'

Output: Are you seriously going to talk about me that way?

Explanation: The generated sentence contains the two given subjects - you and me, and have the given relationship - talk, between them

Input: Relationship: 'read', Argument/Subject 1: 'I', Argument/Subject 2: 'book'

Output: To expand my knowledge on the topic, I read a book.

Explanation: The generated sentence contains the subjects - I and book, and they are related to each other on the basis of the given relation - read

Input: Relationship: 'enter', Argument/Subject 1: 'I', Argument/Subject 2: 'name'

Output: I erased Tom's name on the list of candidates.

Explanation: The generated sentence contains the two given subjects - I and name, but they are not related to each other on the basis of the given relationship

Input: Relationship: 'officiate', Argument/Subject 1: 'stranger', Argument/Subject 2: 'game'

Output: The stranger officiates the meal.

Explanation: The generated sentence contains only one of the two given subjects - stranger and game, although they are related to each other on the basis of the given relationship - officiates

Input: Relationship: 'receive', Argument/Subject 1: 'You', Argument/Subject 2: 'fine'

Output: I received a heavy fine but it failed to crush my spirit.

Explanation: The generated sentence contains none of the two given subjects - You and fine, although they are related to each other on the basis of the given relationship - received

Input: Relationship: 'return to', Argument/Subject 1: 'karsh', Argument/Subject 2: 'canada'

Output: Karsh returned to Canada four years later , eager to make his mark .

University of Washington Academic License (https://raw.githubusercontent.com/knowitall/ollie/master/LICENSE)


Explanation: Relational Reasoning

Input: Relationship: 'knock', Argument/Subject 1: 'someone', Argument/Subject 2: 'it'

Output: The mailbox was bent and broken and looked like someone had knocked it over on purpose.

Input: Relationship: 'talk', Argument/Subject 1: 'you', Argument/Subject 2: 'me'

Output: Are you seriously going to talk about me that way?

Input: Relationship: 'read', Argument/Subject 1: 'I', Argument/Subject 2: 'book'

Output: To expand my knowledge on the topic, I read a book.

Input: Relationship: 'enter', Argument/Subject 1: 'I', Argument/Subject 2: 'name'

Output: I erased Tom's name on the list of candidates.

Input: Relationship: 'officiate', Argument/Subject 1: 'stranger', Argument/Subject 2: 'game'

Output: The stranger officiates the meal.

Input: Relationship: 'receive', Argument/Subject 1: 'You', Argument/Subject 2: 'fine'

Output: I received a heavy fine but it failed to crush my spirit.

Input: Relationship: 'be grow in', Argument/Subject 1: 'cotton', Argument/Subject 2: 'indium'

Output: Cotton is known to have been grown in India as early as 3,000 BC , but was almost ceratinly grown much earlier .


Explanation: Relational Reasoning

Input: Relationship: 'knock', Argument/Subject 1: 'someone', Argument/Subject 2: 'it'

Output: The mailbox was bent and broken and looked like someone had knocked it over on purpose.

Input: Relationship: 'talk', Argument/Subject 1: 'you', Argument/Subject 2: 'me'

Output: Are you seriously going to talk about me that way?

Input: Relationship: 'read', Argument/Subject 1: 'I', Argument/Subject 2: 'book'

Output: To expand my knowledge on the topic, I read a book.

Input: Relationship: 'enter', Argument/Subject 1: 'I', Argument/Subject 2: 'name'

Output: I erased Tom's name on the list of candidates.

Input: Relationship: 'officiate', Argument/Subject 1: 'stranger', Argument/Subject 2: 'game'

Output: The stranger officiates the meal.

Input: Relationship: 'receive', Argument/Subject 1: 'You', Argument/Subject 2: 'fine'

Output: I received a heavy fine but it failed to crush my spirit.

Input: Relationship: 'be bear in', Argument/Subject 1: 'david', Argument/Subject 2: 'virginium'

Output: David Commons was born 7/18/1800 in Virginia .


Explanation: Relational Reasoning

Input: Relationship: 'knock', Argument/Subject 1: 'someone', Argument/Subject 2: 'it'

Output: The mailbox was bent and broken and looked like someone had knocked it over on purpose.

Input: Relationship: 'talk', Argument/Subject 1: 'you', Argument/Subject 2: 'me'

Output: Are you seriously going to talk about me that way?

Input: Relationship: 'read', Argument/Subject 1: 'I', Argument/Subject 2: 'book'

Output: To expand my knowledge on the topic, I read a book.

Input: Relationship: 'enter', Argument/Subject 1: 'I', Argument/Subject 2: 'name'

Output: I erased Tom's name on the list of candidates.

Input: Relationship: 'officiate', Argument/Subject 1: 'stranger', Argument/Subject 2: 'game'

Output: The stranger officiates the meal.

Input: Relationship: 'receive', Argument/Subject 1: 'You', Argument/Subject 2: 'fine'

Output: I received a heavy fine but it failed to crush my spirit.

Input: Relationship: 'turn to', Argument/Subject 1: 'koenig', Argument/Subject 2: 'helena'

Output: Koenig gently squeezed her shoulder in silent support and turned to stand by Helena .


Explanation: Relational Reasoning

Input: Relationship: 'knock', Argument/Subject 1: 'someone', Argument/Subject 2: 'it'

Output: The mailbox was bent and broken and looked like someone had knocked it over on purpose.

Input: Relationship: 'talk', Argument/Subject 1: 'you', Argument/Subject 2: 'me'

Output: Are you seriously going to talk about me that way?

Input: Relationship: 'read', Argument/Subject 1: 'I', Argument/Subject 2: 'book'

Output: To expand my knowledge on the topic, I read a book.

Input: Relationship: 'enter', Argument/Subject 1: 'I', Argument/Subject 2: 'name'

Output: I erased Tom's name on the list of candidates.

Input: Relationship: 'officiate', Argument/Subject 1: 'stranger', Argument/Subject 2: 'game'

Output: The stranger officiates the meal.

Input: Relationship: 'receive', Argument/Subject 1: 'You', Argument/Subject 2: 'fine'

Output: I received a heavy fine but it failed to crush my spirit.

Input: Relationship: 'be empress of', Argument/Subject 1: 'victorium', Argument/Subject 2: 'indium'

Output: He wants to make Victoria empress of India .


Explanation: Deductive Reasoning

In this task, you're given five sentences, numbered 1 through 5, and two options a and b for possible titles for the story. Your job is to choose the title that better fits the story. Indicate your choice by 'a' or 'b'.

Input: Sentence 1: Marcus needed clothing for a business casual event. Sentence 2: All of his clothes were either too formal or too casual. Sentence 3: He decided to buy a pair of khakis. Sentence 4: The pair he bought fit him perfectly. Sentence 5: Marcus was happy to have the right clothes for the event. Choices: a. Marcus Buys Khakis. b. Marcus Works.

Output: a

Explanation: Marcus's reasons for buying khakis is established, followed by his purchase of them and reaction.

Input: Sentence 1: Laura loved corn. Sentence 2: So she decided to grow some in her backyard. Sentence 3: The whole process of growing them made her very excited. Sentence 4: But she realized that they required too much water. Sentence 5: So Laura quickly abandoned her corn garden idea. Choices: a. Water Scarcity. b. Corn.

Output: b

Explanation: Laura was planning to plant corn, realized the infeasibility of the idea and then decided against it.

Input: Sentence 1: Larry worked at an accounting firm. Sentence 2: It was a boring job but it paid the bills. Sentence 3: Larry grew tired of doing the same thing every day. Sentence 4: He had the idea to have an office party. Sentence 5: By lunch the whole office had passed out and nothing got done. Choices: a. Office Party. b. Lunchtime.

Output: a

Explanation: Larry's workplace and need for an office party are established, followed by the events of the office party.

Input: Sentence 1: Ben found a frog in the creek. Sentence 2: It was green and slimy. Sentence 3: He took it home and put it in a bucket. Sentence 4: The next day, the frog was gone. Sentence 5: He'd jumped out and escaped! Choices: a. The Boy. b. The Frog.

Output: b

Explanation: Ben caught a frog, could not find it the next day and realized it had escaped.

Input: Sentence 1: My grandparents and I were going for a walk. Sentence 2: Suddenly, right in front of us, was a huge moose. Sentence 3: We were walking near some pine trees and turned a corner. Sentence 4: It was so close that it scared us, but they told me not to run. Sentence 5: We all stood still and soon the moose walked away without harm. Choices: a. Move. b. Up Close.

Output: a

Explanation: The people saw a moose, stopped walking, and allowed it to pass. The title is therefore incorrect.

Input: Sentence 1: Mary sliced the purple eggplant. Sentence 2: Then she breaded each slice carefully before frying them. Sentence 3: She layered each breaded slice into her casserole dish. Sentence 4: Finally, she sprinkled parmesan cheese on top and baked it. Sentence 5: She poured homemade marinara sauce in the dish. Choices: a. Eggplant Parmesan. b. Mary.

Output: b

Explanation: The story describes how eggplant parmesan is made step by step. The title is therefore incorrect.

Input: Sentence 1: Tony was playing outside with his friends. Sentence 2: They discovered a large bee's nest. Sentence 3: Tony poked it with a stick. Sentence 4: As the bees swarmed out, many stung Tony. Sentence 5: Tony discovered he is allergic to bees. Choices: a. Hannah and Nate. b. Bee Allergy.

Output: b


Explanation: Deductive Reasoning

Input: Sentence 1: Marcus needed clothing for a business casual event. Sentence 2: All of his clothes were either too formal or too casual. Sentence 3: He decided to buy a pair of khakis. Sentence 4: The pair he bought fit him perfectly. Sentence 5: Marcus was happy to have the right clothes for the event. Choices: a. Marcus Buys Khakis. b. Marcus Works.

Output: a

Input: Sentence 1: Laura loved corn. Sentence 2: So she decided to grow some in her backyard. Sentence 3: The whole process of growing them made her very excited. Sentence 4: But she realized that they required too much water. Sentence 5: So Laura quickly abandoned her corn garden idea. Choices: a. Water Scarcity. b. Corn.

Output: b

Input: Sentence 1: Larry worked at an accounting firm. Sentence 2: It was a boring job but it paid the bills. Sentence 3: Larry grew tired of doing the same thing every day. Sentence 4: He had the idea to have an office party. Sentence 5: By lunch the whole office had passed out and nothing got done. Choices: a. Office Party. b. Lunchtime.

Output: a

Input: Sentence 1: Ben found a frog in the creek. Sentence 2: It was green and slimy. Sentence 3: He took it home and put it in a bucket. Sentence 4: The next day, the frog was gone. Sentence 5: He'd jumped out and escaped! Choices: a. The Boy. b. The Frog.

Output: b

Input: Sentence 1: My grandparents and I were going for a walk. Sentence 2: Suddenly, right in front of us, was a huge moose. Sentence 3: We were walking near some pine trees and turned a corner. Sentence 4: It was so close that it scared us, but they told me not to run. Sentence 5: We all stood still and soon the moose walked away without harm. Choices: a. Move. b. Up Close.

Output: a

Input: Sentence 1: Mary sliced the purple eggplant. Sentence 2: Then she breaded each slice carefully before frying them. Sentence 3: She layered each breaded slice into her casserole dish. Sentence 4: Finally, she sprinkled parmesan cheese on top and baked it. Sentence 5: She poured homemade marinara sauce in the dish. Choices: a. Eggplant Parmesan. b. Mary.

Output: b

Input: Sentence 1: Steve got home late from work and pulled into his parking lot. Sentence 2: He was annoyed to see there was a car parked in his reserved spot. Sentence 3: He left a note on the car and went to find street parking. Sentence 4: The next morning, there was a note taped to Steve's front door. Sentence 5: It was from a new neighbor, who apologized profusely for the mistake. Choices: a. Parking Problems. b. A Weighty Problem.

Output: a


Explanation: Deductive Reasoning

Input: Sentence 1: Marcus needed clothing for a business casual event. Sentence 2: All of his clothes were either too formal or too casual. Sentence 3: He decided to buy a pair of khakis. Sentence 4: The pair he bought fit him perfectly. Sentence 5: Marcus was happy to have the right clothes for the event. Choices: a. Marcus Buys Khakis. b. Marcus Works.

Output: a

Input: Sentence 1: Laura loved corn. Sentence 2: So she decided to grow some in her backyard. Sentence 3: The whole process of growing them made her very excited. Sentence 4: But she realized that they required too much water. Sentence 5: So Laura quickly abandoned her corn garden idea. Choices: a. Water Scarcity. b. Corn.

Output: b

Input: Sentence 1: Larry worked at an accounting firm. Sentence 2: It was a boring job but it paid the bills. Sentence 3: Larry grew tired of doing the same thing every day. Sentence 4: He had the idea to have an office party. Sentence 5: By lunch the whole office had passed out and nothing got done. Choices: a. Office Party. b. Lunchtime.

Output: a

Input: Sentence 1: Ben found a frog in the creek. Sentence 2: It was green and slimy. Sentence 3: He took it home and put it in a bucket. Sentence 4: The next day, the frog was gone. Sentence 5: He'd jumped out and escaped! Choices: a. The Boy. b. The Frog.

Output: b

Input: Sentence 1: My grandparents and I were going for a walk. Sentence 2: Suddenly, right in front of us, was a huge moose. Sentence 3: We were walking near some pine trees and turned a corner. Sentence 4: It was so close that it scared us, but they told me not to run. Sentence 5: We all stood still and soon the moose walked away without harm. Choices: a. Move. b. Up Close.

Output: a

Input: Sentence 1: Mary sliced the purple eggplant. Sentence 2: Then she breaded each slice carefully before frying them. Sentence 3: She layered each breaded slice into her casserole dish. Sentence 4: Finally, she sprinkled parmesan cheese on top and baked it. Sentence 5: She poured homemade marinara sauce in the dish. Choices: a. Eggplant Parmesan. b. Mary.

Output: b

Input: Sentence 1: My wife and I are fairly wealthy. Sentence 2: The local zoo contacted us seeking a contribution. Sentence 3: We gave what we thought was a sizable sum. Sentence 4: We later learned they put our name on a bench. Sentence 5: We couldn't imagine how much other donors must have given. Choices: a. Bench Donation. b. Buying a Table.

Output: a


Explanation: Deductive Reasoning

Input: Sentence 1: Marcus needed clothing for a business casual event. Sentence 2: All of his clothes were either too formal or too casual. Sentence 3: He decided to buy a pair of khakis. Sentence 4: The pair he bought fit him perfectly. Sentence 5: Marcus was happy to have the right clothes for the event. Choices: a. Marcus Buys Khakis. b. Marcus Works.

Output: a

Input: Sentence 1: Laura loved corn. Sentence 2: So she decided to grow some in her backyard. Sentence 3: The whole process of growing them made her very excited. Sentence 4: But she realized that they required too much water. Sentence 5: So Laura quickly abandoned her corn garden idea. Choices: a. Water Scarcity. b. Corn.

Output: b

Input: Sentence 1: Larry worked at an accounting firm. Sentence 2: It was a boring job but it paid the bills. Sentence 3: Larry grew tired of doing the same thing every day. Sentence 4: He had the idea to have an office party. Sentence 5: By lunch the whole office had passed out and nothing got done. Choices: a. Office Party. b. Lunchtime.

Output: a

Input: Sentence 1: Ben found a frog in the creek. Sentence 2: It was green and slimy. Sentence 3: He took it home and put it in a bucket. Sentence 4: The next day, the frog was gone. Sentence 5: He'd jumped out and escaped! Choices: a. The Boy. b. The Frog.

Output: b

Input: Sentence 1: My grandparents and I were going for a walk. Sentence 2: Suddenly, right in front of us, was a huge moose. Sentence 3: We were walking near some pine trees and turned a corner. Sentence 4: It was so close that it scared us, but they told me not to run. Sentence 5: We all stood still and soon the moose walked away without harm. Choices: a. Move. b. Up Close.

Output: a

Input: Sentence 1: Mary sliced the purple eggplant. Sentence 2: Then she breaded each slice carefully before frying them. Sentence 3: She layered each breaded slice into her casserole dish. Sentence 4: Finally, she sprinkled parmesan cheese on top and baked it. Sentence 5: She poured homemade marinara sauce in the dish. Choices: a. Eggplant Parmesan. b. Mary.

Output: b

Input: Sentence 1: Abigail had been using the same phone for three years. Sentence 2: One day it finally broke for good. Sentence 3: She didn't know where to start with a new phone. Sentence 4: Her brother recommended her some brands. Sentence 5: Luckily, she found a great new phone that she loved. Choices: a. The Bus Fight. b. The New Phone.

Output: b


Explanation: Deductive Reasoning

Input: Sentence 1: Marcus needed clothing for a business casual event. Sentence 2: All of his clothes were either too formal or too casual. Sentence 3: He decided to buy a pair of khakis. Sentence 4: The pair he bought fit him perfectly. Sentence 5: Marcus was happy to have the right clothes for the event. Choices: a. Marcus Buys Khakis. b. Marcus Works.

Output: a

Input: Sentence 1: Laura loved corn. Sentence 2: So she decided to grow some in her backyard. Sentence 3: The whole process of growing them made her very excited. Sentence 4: But she realized that they required too much water. Sentence 5: So Laura quickly abandoned her corn garden idea. Choices: a. Water Scarcity. b. Corn.

Output: b

Input: Sentence 1: Larry worked at an accounting firm. Sentence 2: It was a boring job but it paid the bills. Sentence 3: Larry grew tired of doing the same thing every day. Sentence 4: He had the idea to have an office party. Sentence 5: By lunch the whole office had passed out and nothing got done. Choices: a. Office Party. b. Lunchtime.

Output: a

Input: Sentence 1: Ben found a frog in the creek. Sentence 2: It was green and slimy. Sentence 3: He took it home and put it in a bucket. Sentence 4: The next day, the frog was gone. Sentence 5: He'd jumped out and escaped! Choices: a. The Boy. b. The Frog.

Output: b

Input: Sentence 1: My grandparents and I were going for a walk. Sentence 2: Suddenly, right in front of us, was a huge moose. Sentence 3: We were walking near some pine trees and turned a corner. Sentence 4: It was so close that it scared us, but they told me not to run. Sentence 5: We all stood still and soon the moose walked away without harm. Choices: a. Move. b. Up Close.

Output: a

Input: Sentence 1: Mary sliced the purple eggplant. Sentence 2: Then she breaded each slice carefully before frying them. Sentence 3: She layered each breaded slice into her casserole dish. Sentence 4: Finally, she sprinkled parmesan cheese on top and baked it. Sentence 5: She poured homemade marinara sauce in the dish. Choices: a. Eggplant Parmesan. b. Mary.

Output: b

Input: Sentence 1: Darla wanted a new doll. Sentence 2: To earn the money she returned bottles to the store. Sentence 3: She also saved all of her birthday money and did chores for her mom. Sentence 4: The day finally came when she had saved enough money. Sentence 5: Darla went to the store and bought a brand new doll! Choices: a. Darla's New Doll. b. Perfect Chance.

Output: a


Given an entity, a before event, an after event, and an attribute related to the entity, generate a sentence as output. Your sentence should show the changes in the attribute of the entity.

Input:
 entity: arm
before: free
after: grasped
attr: state

Output: state of arm was free before and grasped afterwards

Explanation: The state of the arm was free before and afterwards it was grasped hence the output is correct.

Input:
entity: person
before: standing
after: in air
attr: location

Output: location of person was standing before and in air afterwards.

Explanation: The attribute location of the entity person was in the standing state before and in air afterwards.

Input:
entity: mixture
before: chunky
after: smoother
attr: texture

Output: texture of mixture was chunky before and smoother afterwards.

Explanation: The attribute is concatenated with the entity using of and with the before state with was and the after state with and. The word afterwards is added at the end to complete the sentence.

Input:
entity: buckles
before: being worn
after: removed
attr: wearing

Output: wearing of buckles was being worn before and removed afterwards

Explanation: Here wearing of buckles is grammatically incorrect and the output sentence should be the buckles were worn before and removed afterwards.

Input:
entity: tape measure
before: in box
after: measured around head
attr: tape measure

Output: tape measure of tape measure was in box before and measured around head afterwards

Explanation: Here the attribute is the same as entity and hence can be used only once in the output sentence. So the output should be tape measure was in box before and measured around head afterwards.

Input:
entity: person
before: unskilled
after: skilled
attr: skill

Output: skill of person was unskilled before and skilled afterwards

Explanation: The output sentence symantically incorrect. The output should be the person was unskilled before and skilled afterwards.

Input:
entity: binder clip
before: in original place
after: found
attr: state

Output: state of binder clip was in original place before and found afterwards

binder clip before was found attr: state.


Input:
 entity: arm
before: free
after: grasped
attr: state

Output: state of arm was free before and grasped afterwards

Input:
entity: person
before: standing
after: in air
attr: location

Output: location of person was standing before and in air afterwards.

Input:
entity: mixture
before: chunky
after: smoother
attr: texture

Output: texture of mixture was chunky before and smoother afterwards.

Input:
entity: buckles
before: being worn
after: removed
attr: wearing

Output: wearing of buckles was being worn before and removed afterwards

Input:
entity: tape measure
before: in box
after: measured around head
attr: tape measure

Output: tape measure of tape measure was in box before and measured around head afterwards

Input:
entity: person
before: unskilled
after: skilled
attr: skill

Output: skill of person was unskilled before and skilled afterwards

Input:
entity: arm
before: at side
after: chin height
attr: position

Output: position of arm was at side before and chin height afterwards


Input:
 entity: arm
before: free
after: grasped
attr: state

Output: state of arm was free before and grasped afterwards

Input:
entity: person
before: standing
after: in air
attr: location

Output: location of person was standing before and in air afterwards.

Input:
entity: mixture
before: chunky
after: smoother
attr: texture

Output: texture of mixture was chunky before and smoother afterwards.

Input:
entity: buckles
before: being worn
after: removed
attr: wearing

Output: wearing of buckles was being worn before and removed afterwards

Input:
entity: tape measure
before: in box
after: measured around head
attr: tape measure

Output: tape measure of tape measure was in box before and measured around head afterwards

Input:
entity: person
before: unskilled
after: skilled
attr: skill

Output: skill of person was unskilled before and skilled afterwards

Input:
entity: person
before: sitting on surfboard
after: standing on surfboard
attr: state

Output: state of person was sitting on surfboard before and standing on surfboard afterwards

state of sitting on surfboard attr: state was standing on and in surfboard attr.


Input:
 entity: arm
before: free
after: grasped
attr: state

Output: state of arm was free before and grasped afterwards

Input:
entity: person
before: standing
after: in air
attr: location

Output: location of person was standing before and in air afterwards.

Input:
entity: mixture
before: chunky
after: smoother
attr: texture

Output: texture of mixture was chunky before and smoother afterwards.

Input:
entity: buckles
before: being worn
after: removed
attr: wearing

Output: wearing of buckles was being worn before and removed afterwards

Input:
entity: tape measure
before: in box
after: measured around head
attr: tape measure

Output: tape measure of tape measure was in box before and measured around head afterwards

Input:
entity: person
before: unskilled
after: skilled
attr: skill

Output: skill of person was unskilled before and skilled afterwards

Input:
entity: the laundry caps
before: wet
after: dry
attr: wetness

Output: wetness of the laundry caps was wet before and dry afterwards


Input:
 entity: arm
before: free
after: grasped
attr: state

Output: state of arm was free before and grasped afterwards

Input:
entity: person
before: standing
after: in air
attr: location

Output: location of person was standing before and in air afterwards.

Input:
entity: mixture
before: chunky
after: smoother
attr: texture

Output: texture of mixture was chunky before and smoother afterwards.

Input:
entity: buckles
before: being worn
after: removed
attr: wearing

Output: wearing of buckles was being worn before and removed afterwards

Input:
entity: tape measure
before: in box
after: measured around head
attr: tape measure

Output: tape measure of tape measure was in box before and measured around head afterwards

Input:
entity: person
before: unskilled
after: skilled
attr: skill

Output: skill of person was unskilled before and skilled afterwards

Input:
entity: project
before: started
after: finished
attr: complexity

Output: complexity of project was started before and finished afterwards


Explanation:
Multihop Reasoning
Cross-document Reasoning
Discrete Reasoning
Numerical Reasoning
Temporal Reasoning

In this task, you're given a question, along with a context passage which has extra information available on certain terms mentioned in it, i.e., the proper nouns in the passage. Your job is to determine whether information from more than one term is needed to answer the question. Indicate your choice as `a` for Yes or `b` for No.

Input:
Question: When did the operation during which the 704th dropped supplies to allied troops near Nijmegen begin? Passage: The group was occasionally diverted from strategic missions to carry out air support and interdiction missions. It supported Operation Overlord, the invasion of Normandy by attacking transportation targets, including bridges, along with airfields and strong points in France. On D Day, the squadron and the rest of the 446th Group led the first heavy bomber mission of the day. The 446th aided ground forces at Caen and Saint-Lô during July by hitting bridges, gun batteries, and enemy troops. During Operation Market Garden, the attempt to seize a bridgehead across the Rhine in the Netherlands, the 704th dropped supplies to allied troops near Nijmegen. It struck lines of communications during the Battle of the Bulge. During Operation Varsity in March 1945, it supplied ground and airborne troops near Wesel. The squadron flew its last combat mission on 25 April 1945 against Salzburg, Austria. The group had flown 273 missions and had lost 58 aircraft during the war,
.

Output: b

Explanation: The passage describes the 704th's actions during Operation Market Garden so only information about the operation is needed.

Input:
Question: How old was Francis Ford when John Ford started his career in filmmaking? Passage: John Ford (1894–1973) was an American film director whose career spanned from 1913 to 1971. During this time he directed more than 140 films. Born in Maine, Ford entered the filmmaking industry shortly after graduating from high school with the help of his older brother, Francis Ford, who had established himself as a leading man and director for Universal Studios. After working as an actor, assistant director, stuntman, and prop man – often for his brother – Universal gave Ford the opportunity to direct in 1917. Initially working in short films, he quickly moved into features, largely with Harry Carey as his star. In 1920 Ford left Universal and began working for the Fox Film Corporation. During the next ten years he directed more than 30 films, including the westerns The Iron Horse (1924) and 3 Bad Men (1926), both starring George O'Brien, the war drama Four Sons and the Irish romantic drama Hangman's House (both 1928 and both starring Victor McLaglen). In the same year of these last two films, Ford directed his first all-talking film, the short Napoleon's Barber. The following year he directed his first all-talking feature, The Black Watch.
.

Output: a

Explanation: The question is about both Francis and John Ford, so more details on both are needed to answer the question. There is no single entity in the passage that can lead to the answer.

Input:
Question: Is the woman who gave the starting command at the Indy 500 for the last time in 2016 still alive? Passage: In most cases, Tony Hulman would give the command, then ride in the pace car during the pace laps. Mary F. Hulman would give the command near the pace car, but rarely rode in the pace car due to her age and declining health. Eventually, the location was moved to near the start/finish line, and in 2001, it was moved to the new Victory Podium stage adjacent to the Pagoda. In 2011 only, Mari George moved back to the front of the starting grid to give the command, and then she rode in the pace car with A. J. Foyt. In 2014, as a special gesture to Jim Nabors's final performance at Indy, the starting command was given in unison by both Mari George and Nabors, marking the first time a non-member of the Hulman-George family had given the command for the 500 since 1954. In 2016 for the 100th Indianapolis 500, now-matriarch Mari was joined by three subsequent generations of the Hulman-George family, who gave the command together. Due to her advanced age, the 2016 race would be Mari's final turn giving the command. Later that same year, Tony George gave the starting command for the Brickyard 400, his first time giving a command since a restart command in 1986. For the 2017 Indianapolis 500, the duty was permanently assigned to Tony George. In that year, Tony George began using the phrase "Drivers, start your engines" instead of the more familiar "Lady and gentlemen..." variation. However, for the 2019 race, George recited that latter variation.
'.

Output: b

Explanation: Mari Hulman George gave the starting command at the Indy 500 in 2016 so only information about her is needed.

Input:
Question: How many Super Bowls did the team the Cardinals beat to make their first appearance in the Super Bowl win? Passage: The 2008 Arizona Cardinals season was the 89th season for the team in the National Football League and their 21st season in Arizona. The season marked the Cardinals' first Super Bowl appearance, coming as a result of their victory against the Philadelphia Eagles in the NFC Championship. The Cardinals slogan for the season was "Shock The World!" Riding the back of quarterback Kurt Warner, who had gone from being a backup for the St. Louis Rams in 1999 to leading the Greatest Show on Turf to a Super Bowl XXXIV victory, and franchise wide receiver Larry Fitzgerald, the Cardinals went on a playoff run for the ages after having won just one playoff game in the last sixty years, as Warner once again recreated the magic he had captured with the Rams. (Coincidentally, both teams were based in St Louis at one point or another, only to relocate to different cities.)
.

Output: a

Explanation: The passage mentions that the Arizona Cardinals beat the Eagles, so any further information will only be available with respect to the Eagles' season meaning only one link is needed.

Input:
Question: How many NCAA football championships have been won by the college that Peyton Manning attended? Passage: In 1998 the Colts, for the 4th time in 15 years, held the 1st overall pick in the draft and for the 3rd time in 15 years selected a quarterback – this time Peyton Manning. Manning started the first game of his rookie season and started every single Colts game since until the start of the 2011 season, when a recurring neck injury sidelined him. Despite a difficult rookie season, where he threw a league high 28 interceptions, Manning and the Colts responded by finishing 13–3 in 1999. The 10 game turnaround from the previous year set an NFL record. Even with this turnaround, the Colts lost in the playoffs. The following years would be marked by a near constant pattern. The Colts and Manning successes in the regular season were matched only by their failures in the post season. Manning was named to the Pro Bowl in 1999, 2000, 2002, 2003 and 2004, as well as winning the NFL MVP award in both 2003 and 2004. In 2004 Manning set a then NFL record when he threw 49 touchdowns in a single season. In spite of this the team failed in the playoffs, including early round exits in 1999, 2000, 2002 and 2005. In both 2003 and 2004 the Colts would lose to eventual Super Bowl winning New England Patriots in the AFC Championship Game and the Divisional Round respectively. In 2006 the Colts and Manning were finally able to beat the Patriots and their quarterback Tom Brady in the AFC Championship Game on their way to a victory in Super Bowl XLI against the Chicago Bears. Manning was named the Super Bowl MVP. The Colts and Manning would continue to have success, with Manning winning two further MVP awards in 2008 and 2009. In 2009 the Colts would return to the Super Bowl where they would lose to the New Orleans Saints.
.

Output: b

Explanation: Both information on Peyton Manning, and information on the college he attended are needed.

Input: Question: Which countries were both a member of the European Union and the Council of Europe when Albania was accepted into the Council of Europe? Passage:In 1991, the Socialist Party of Albania, with specific social democratic ideology took control of the country through democratic elections. One year later the Democratic Party of Albania won the new elections. After 1990, Albania has been seeking a closer relationship with the West. What followed were deliberate programs of economic and democratic reform, but Albanian inexperience with capitalism led to the proliferation of pyramid schemes – which were not banned due to the corruption of the government. Chaos in late 1996 to early 1997, as a result of the collapse of these pyramid schemes, alarmed the world and prompted the influx of international peacekeeping forces. In 1995, Albania was accepted into the Council of Europe and requested membership in NATO (obtained in 2009) and is a potential candidate country for accession to the European Union. The workforce of Albania has continued to emigrate to Western countries, especially Greece and Italy.

Output: a