---
pipeline_tag: sentence-similarity
tags:
- sentence-transformers
- feature-extraction
- sentence-similarity

---

# nixie-suggest-small-v1

This is a [sentence-transformers](https://www.SBERT.net) model: It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 384 dimensional dense vector space and can be used for tasks like clustering or semantic search.

This model is based on E5-small-v2 model, fine-tuned for typical suggester-like workloads:
* for a partial and noisy input of the query, it tries to minimize the cosine distance to the correct query
* 'mil' should be close to 'milk'
* model also prone to typical typos like letter drops/swaps/duplications. So 'mikl' is still close to 'milk'.
* the model is asymmetrical (as the original E5), so you need to prepend your prefixes with 'query: ' and full queries with 'passage: '

## Usage (Sentence-Transformers)

Using this model becomes easy when you have [sentence-transformers](https://www.SBERT.net) installed:

```
pip install -U sentence-transformers
```

Then you can use the model like this:

```python
from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer
sentences = ["query: mil", "passage: milk"]

model = SentenceTransformer('nixiesearch/nixie-suggest-small-v1')
embeddings = model.encode(sentences)
print(embeddings)
```

## Training dataset

The training dataset was syntetically generated from the following corpora:
* top-100k most frequent English words, from Google N-Gram project: [https://github.com/hackerb9/gwordlist](https://github.com/hackerb9/gwordlist)
* top-1M 2-grams and 3-grams from [MultiLex](https://analytics.huma-num.fr/popr-ngram/Multi-LEX/index.html#en-section)

We did the following permutations to the original 1/2/3-grams:
* letter swaps: milk-mikl
* letter drops: milk-ilk
* qwerty-aware replacements: milk-nilk
* duplications: milk-miilk

The original generation code is available on github: https://github.com/nixiesearch/autocomplete-playground

## Training
The model was trained with the parameters:

**DataLoader**:

`torch.utils.data.dataloader.DataLoader` of length 220359 with parameters:
```
{'batch_size': 2048, 'sampler': 'torch.utils.data.dataloader._InfiniteConstantSampler', 'batch_sampler': 'torch.utils.data.sampler.BatchSampler'}
```

**Loss**:

`sentence_transformers.losses.MultipleNegativesRankingLoss.MultipleNegativesRankingLoss` with parameters:
  ```
  {'scale': 20.0, 'similarity_fct': 'cos_sim'}
  ```

Parameters of the fit()-Method:
```
{
    "epochs": 1,
    "evaluation_steps": 3000,
    "evaluator": "sentence_transformers.evaluation.RerankingEvaluator.RerankingEvaluator",
    "max_grad_norm": 1,
    "optimizer_class": "<class 'torch.optim.adamw.AdamW'>",
    "optimizer_params": {
        "lr": 2e-05
    },
    "scheduler": "WarmupLinear",
    "steps_per_epoch": 220358,
    "warmup_steps": 1000,
    "weight_decay": 0.01
}
```


## Full Model Architecture
```
SentenceTransformer(
  (0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 512, 'do_lower_case': False}) with Transformer model: BertModel 
  (1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 384, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': True, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False})
  (2): Normalize()
)
```

## Citing & Authors

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