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2935927 | 3729068 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2935927 | Looking for alaska | Looking for Alaska |
2935928 | 46788196 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2935928 | Bourscheid, Luxembourg | Bourscheid ( ; ) is a commune and small town in north-eastern Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Diekirch, which is part of the district of Diekirch.
, the town of Bourscheid, which lies in the centre of the commune, had a population of 266, which subsequently increased to 466 by 2021. Other settlements within the commune include Goebelsmuhle, Lipperscheid, Michelau, Schlindermanderscheid, and Welscheid.
Bourscheid Castle located close to the village is Luxembourg's largest and one of the most important medieval castles between the Meuse and the Rhine. |
2935939 | 753665 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2935939 | Ermsdorf | Ermsdorf () is a village and former commune in eastern Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Diekirch, which is part of the district of Diekirch.
, the village of Ermsdorf, which lies in the south of the commune, has a population of 221.
Since 2011, Ermsdorf has merged with Medernach to become the "Aerenzdallgemeng" (commune Vallée de l'Ernz, Ernztalgemeinde)
==Former commune==
The former commune consisted of the villages:
- Eppeldorf
- Ermsdorf
- Folkendeng
- Keiwelbach
- Stegen
- Backesmillen (lieu-dit)
- Bricherheck (lieu-dit)
- Bricherhaff (lieu-dit)
- Gilcher (lieu-dit)
- Hessemillen (lieu-dit)
- Hoossebierg (lieu-dit)
- Moderhaff (lieu-dit)
- Neimillen (lieu-dit)
- Reisermillen (lieu-dit)
- Spierberich (lieu-dit)
- Webeschhaff (lieu-dit) |
2935943 | 82835 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2935943 | Ulster Movement for Self-Determination | The Ulster Movement for Self-Determination was a minor Ulster nationalist political movement in Northern Ireland.
The UMSD was formed in 1986, after emerging from the Ulster Clubs. The group took as its emblem a map of the nine counties of Ulster and, in contrast to other strains of Ulster nationalism that have developed, felt that independence for Northern Ireland should be accompanied by repartition, creating the historic Ulster as an independent state by also incorporating the counties of Cavan, Donegal and Monaghan from the Republic of Ireland. This position was confirmed by an anonymous UMSD spokesman who described the three counties as "our rightful heritage" in an interview with John Coulter of the "Sunday News" in 1987. In a further interview the following year Coulter said that the spokesman suggested either the Reverend Hugh Ross or David Trimble as a potential leader for the proposed independent state.
The UMSD, which grew out of Ulster loyalism but never had the backing of any paramilitary group (or indeed, even minor support), failed to gain any foothold in Northern Irish politics and was gone by 1994. The actual fate of the group is unclear, although it has been suggested that it formed the basis of the Ulster Independence Committee and was thus effectively replaced by the higher profile Ulster Independence Movement. |
2935944 | 11292982 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2935944 | PC Gabriel/David Kent | List of The Bill characters#Gabriel Kent |
2935945 | 46721318 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2935945 | Stockholm East Station | Stockholm East Station () or Stockholm Ö is a railway station on the Roslag Railway in Stockholm, Sweden.
The present station was inaugurated in 1932 and located on Valhallavägen in northeastern central Stockholm, close to the Royal Institute of Technology (Tekniska Högskolan), replacing an older provisional station from 1884 which was located some hundred metres to the north. Originally, the building had the offices of SRJ, the company owning and managing the Roslag Railway. There are still offices in the building for the company which is operating the traffic at present.
The building also includes a restaurant, which has the same interior as when the building was new, something which is appreciated by the customers. The restaurant is well known as a place where supporters of sports club Djurgårdens IF like to go, as it is relatively close to the Stockholm Olympic Stadium, the classic former home field of Djurgårdens IF football team.
It is located in conjunction with the Stockholm metro station Tekniska högskolan. It is now the southern end station of the Roslag Railway. Earlier, some trains continued on a tram line to Engelbrektsplan next to Humlegården.
The station makes up the background in the 2011 Swedish movie "Stockholm Östra", starring Mikael Persbrandt and Iben Hjejle.
==Future==
Roslagsbanan is to be diverted to a new terminus at T-Centralen, where all lines of the Stockholm Metro cross, and as such, Stockholms Ö is planned to be closed. Once the extension from the Universitetet station to Odenplan and T-Centralen is built, the stretch of track to Stockholms östra will be dismantled to make way for 500 apartments. |
2935947 | 11292982 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2935947 | PC David/Gabriel Kent | List of The Bill characters#Gabriel Kent |
2935950 | 237572 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2935950 | Erpeldange | Erpeldange-sur-Sûre ( , ) is a commune and small town in north-eastern Luxembourg. It lies along the river Sûre, between Ettelbruck and Diekirch. It is part of the canton of Diekirch.
, the town of Erpeldange, which lies in the centre of the commune, has a population of 818. Other towns within the commune include Burden and Ingeldorf
Erpeldange-sur-Sûre was formed on 1 July 1850, when it was detached from the commune of Ettelbruck, along with the commune of Schieren. The law forming Erpeldange-sur-Sûre was passed on the 22 January 1850.
Erpeldange Castle now houses the commune's administrative offices. It has a history dating from the 13th century. |
2935951 | 44214389 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2935951 | Conventionsthaler | The Conventionstaler or Konventionstaler ("Convention "thaler""), was a standard silver coin in the Austrian Empire and the southern German states of the Holy Roman Empire from the mid-18th to early 19th-centuries. Its most famous example is the Maria Theresa thaler which is still minted today. The Conventionsgulden was equivalent to a "Conventionsthaler".
== History ==
The Austrian Empire introduced the Convention currency standard in 1754 to replace the Leipzig standard of 1690, after a drop in the gold-silver price ratio from 15 to 14.5 in the 1730s unleashed a flood of cheaper "thalers" defined in gold. The Leipzig standard defined the North German thaler currency unit at the "Reichsthaler" specie of 25.984 g, or 19.488 g fine silver. In contrast, in 1741 the gold Friedrich d'or pistole of 6.05 g fine gold was issued for 5 "thalers". This resulted in a cheaper Thaler Gold worth 1.21 g fine gold or 1.21 x 14.5 = 17.545 g fine silver.
The "Conventionsthaler" ("10-Thaler" standard, 23.386 g silver) contained of a Cologne Mark and originally corresponded to exactly two "Conventionsgulden" ("20-Gulden" standard, 11.693 g silver), which meant that it could be one and the same coin as a double "gulden". Consequently, half a "Conventionsthaler" was referred to as a "gulden". However, this parity did not exist with the inferior south German lower denomination coins where the "Conventionsthaler" was worth two "gulden" and 12 "kreuzers". The "gulden" coinage standard was therefore adjusted in 1760.
The "Conventionsthaler" was introduced as the successor to the "Reichsthaler" on 7 November 1750 in the Austrian crown lands. By the "Konventionsfuß" treaty of 20 September 1753, it was also introduced into the Bavarian Imperial Circle. Gradually it spread to southern Germany and Saxony. The last German "Conventionsthaler" was minted there in 1838. In Austria they were minted until 1856 before being superseded under the terms of the 1857 Vienna Minting Treaty.
The "Conventionsthaler" was the standard "thaler" coin issued by many mints in the Holy Roman Empire to the "20-gulden" standard of the Minting Convention of 1753, according to which 10 coins were minted for each of fine "mark" silver (= 1 Cologne "mark" ≈ 233 g of silver). For this reason, the inscription "X EINE FEINE MARK" is written on many "Conventionsthalers". Its fine weight is therefore 23.385 grammes of silver according to the Cologne "mark" weight standard.
The "Conventionsthaler" was worth 32 "groschen", in contrast to the "Reichsthaler", which was reckoned at 24 "groschen". It was therefore a (counting) "Reichstaler".
The "Conventionsthaler" succeeded the "Reichsthaler" specie (containing 25.984 g fine silver) as the standard coin in most of the Holy Roman Empire, with a variety of subdivisions being used:
- 1 "Conventionsthaler" = 2 Austro-Hungarian florin, each florin equal to 20 "groschen" or 60 "kreutzer".
- 1 "Conventionsthaler" = 2.4 South German gulden, each also containing 60 kreutzer.
- 1 "Conventionsthaler" = 1 North German thaler currency unit, each of 24 groschen.
Thus, converted to the theoretical (counting) "Reichstaler" of the old German Empire, which was worth 24 "groschen", the "Conventionsthaler" corresponded to a "13-thaler" standard in relation to the Cologne "mark". Meanwhile, the Prussian 'new' "Reichsthaler", minted in real terms from 1750 onwards according to Graumann's standard, corresponded to a "14-thaler" standard developed by Johann Philipp Graumann. So it was lighter and therefore worth less. The new "Reichsthaler" superseded the "Conventionsthaler" with the Dresden Coinage Treaty of 1838, according to which, in the countries of the German Customs Union ("Deutscher Zollverein"), 2 thalers minted to the "14-thaler" standard equalled 3 "gulden" to the "24-gulden" standard.
During the early 19th century, the "Conventionsthaler" of 1 thaler (17.5392 g fine silver per thaler) was superseded in Northern Germany by the Prussian thaler containing 1/14th a Cologne mark or 16.70 g fine silver, while the "Conventionsthaler" of 2.4 South German gulden (9.73 g fine silver per gulden) was superseded by the 2.7-gulden Kronenthaler containing 9.524 g fine silver per gulden.
== Subdivisions of the "Conventionsthaler" in Saxony around 1770 ==
* "thaler" ("Conventionsthaler") 10 to 1 fine "mark" of silver, "Kurantmünze" ("currency coin"
- "thaler" ("Conventionsgulden") 20 to 1 fine "mark" of silver, "Kurantmünze"
- "thaler" (8 "groschen") 40 to 1 fine mark" of silver, "Kurantmünze"
- "thaler" (4 "groschen"), 80 to 1 fine "mark" of silver, "Kurantmünze"
- "thaler" (2 "groschen"), 160 to 1 fine "mark", silver "Kurantmünze"
- "thaler" (1 "groschen"), 320 to 1 fine "mark", silver "Kurantmünze"
- "thaler" (6 "pfennigs"), billon (alloy) "Scheidemünze" ("fiat coin")
- "thaler" (1 "pfennig"), copper "Scheidemünze"
- "thaler" (1 "heller"), copper "Scheidemünze" |
2935954 | 7903804 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2935954 | Julian C. Richards | Julian C. Richards, (born 1951) is a British television and radio presenter, writer and former professional archaeologist with over 30 years' experience of fieldwork and publication.
==Early career==
Richards was born in Nottingham, Nottinghamshire. He studied at Reading University. Between 1975 and 1980, he worked for the Berkshire Archaeological Unit, helping to build the county Sites and Monuments Record. He excavated and carried out a survey of the Berkshire Downs.
In 1980 he joined the new group Wessex Archaeology, based in Salisbury. For almost ten years he ran the "Stonehenge Environs Project", a detailed study of Stonehenge and its surrounding landscape.
With Peter Cox and John Hawkes from Wessex Archaeology, Richards started AC Archaeology in 1991. AC Archaeology is still based in Wiltshire, and now also operates an office in Devon.
After three years Richards left commercial archaeology and joined English Heritage to work on its Monuments Protection Programme (MPP). As part of this work, he inspected sites and prepared reports on the protection of important archaeological sites in Wiltshire, Hampshire and the Isle of Wight.
==Media career==
Shortly after joining the MPP, Richards acted as a consultant to a TV programme about the construction of Stonehenge. He later contributed to the programme "Meet the Ancestors".
"Meet the Ancestors" was commissioned in late 1996. In the spring of 1997 Richards took a year's leave from English Heritage to work on it. He later resigned from his role with English Heritage to work full-time in broadcasting and writing when a second series was commissioned.
As of 2005 he has presented six series of "Meet the Ancestors", a five-part series "Blood of the Vikings" in 2002, both for BBC 2. In addition, he has written books to accompany both series. For Radio 4 he has presented eleven series of "Mapping the Town".
Richards is also responsible for creating two site-interactive games: "Hunt the Ancestor" (for which he won a British Archaeology award) and "Viking Quest", for the BBC History website. He has also been a regular contributor to the BBC History website and magazine.
He also received a British Archaeological Award for the programme "Chariot Queen".
In 2007 he published "Stonehenge: The Story So Far". Other works include "Stonehenge: A History in Photographs"(2004) and the children's book "The Amazing Pop-up Stonehenge" (2005).
Richards lives with his family in Shaftesbury, Dorset, where he maintains his special interest in the prehistory of Wessex and particularly Stonehenge.
He is patron of the Friends of Cromford Canal. |
2935957 | 492929 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2935957 | Blaengwawr Comprehensive School | Blaengwawr Comprehensive School () was a comprehensive school in the village of Aberaman, near Aberdare, Rhondda Cynon Taf. It was one of three local schools closed in 2014 and merged to form Aberdare Community School.
The school's catchment area included the communities of Aberaman, Cwmaman, Godreaman and Abercwmboi. It was a mixed school with over 800 girls and boys. Included in this number were approximately 160 pupils attending from outside the catchment area. The main feeder primary schools included Blaengwawr, Oaklands, Glynhafod and Capcoch.
The school also housed the Special Support Centre for pupils throughout the Cynon Valley who have physical or hearing difficulties.
==Cynon Valley Consortium==
The school was a founding member of the Cynon Valley Consortium which allowed Sixth Form students to commute to nearby schools (Aberdare High, St Johns, Aberdare Girls' and Mountain Ash Comprehensive) to continue their studies and share resources. Transport between schools was provided and run by Blaengwawr. Each year the Consortium held a Parents' evening for all of the teachers, parents and students involved.
== Facilities ==
The school's site is home to an Astroturf pitch which was used by the school's and local football, hockey and other sports teams. It is a full sized, floodlit pitch with football and hockey nets.
Due to the school's excellence as a Special Support Centre, the school also had disabled access to every part of the school; including two elevators (one external) and a purpose-built graded ramp for access to the higher level of the school.
==Closure==
In 2010 the parents, staff and governors of Blaengwawr were presented with a document planning the closure and subsequent amalgamation of three schools in Aberdare; Aberdare High School, Aberdare Girls School and Blaengwawr Comprehensive School. This proposal was strongly opposed by all concerned with Blaengwawr as it was believed that it did not serve in the best interests of the pupils or the community of Aberdare. However it was confirmed on 18 May 2012, that the Welsh Government had approved the plans to close the school and create a new super school on the Ynys site.
===Aberdare Community School===
It was announced in 2012 that Aberdare High School, Aberdare Girls' School and Blaengwawr Comprehensive School would merge to form a new 'super-school'. The construction of the new £50 million campus began on the Michael Sobell Sports Centre site in 2013 with the intentions of creating a unified education, leisure and community hub. After several delays, the intended September 2014 opening date of the new 1,600 pupil building was pushed back to April 2015 with the formation of Aberdare Community School still set for September 2014. Blaengwawr Comprehensive, Aberdare High and Aberdare Girls' schools were closed at the end of the Summer Term 2014. It was announced that due to delays of the new campus, the four buildings previously occupied by the three schools would temporarily house various school years until a gradual move is possible once the new building is completed in 2015.
The Blaengwawr Comprehensive campus was put up for sale by the local council in November 2015. As of October 2016 there has yet to be a buyer.
The former building has since been demolished, with the site being blocked off to traffic. The site is now mostly a wasteground, but does still feature a small concrete football pitch that remains accessible to the public.
==Notable Former Pupils==
*Stuart Cable, drummer for Stereophonics
- Ian Evans, Wales rugby international
- Kelly Jones, singer-songwriter
- Richard Jones, bassist for Stereophonics |
2935959 | 20344300 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2935959 | Burnham Overy | Burnham Overy is a civil parish on the north coast of Norfolk, England. In modern times a distinction is often made between the two settlements of Burnham Overy Town, the original village adjacent to the medieval parish church and now reduced to a handful of houses, and Burnham Overy Staithe, a rather larger hamlet about away and next to the creek-side harbour.
The civil parish has an area of 8.92 km2 and in the 2001 census had a population of 311 in 167 households, reducing to a population of 134 measured at the 2011 Census. For the purposes of local government, the parish falls within the district of King's Lynn and West Norfolk.
==Etymology==
The villages name means 'Homestead/village on the River Burn' or perhaps, 'hemmed-in land on the River Burn'. 'Overy', meaning 'Over the river', was added to distinguish it from the other Burnhams in Norfolk.
==Location==
Burnham Overy lies between the larger village of Burnham Market, less than to the west, and Holkham, some to the east. The larger town of King’s Lynn is 20 miles (32 km) to the south-west (with the closest railway station), whilst the city of Norwich is 30 miles (48 km) to the south-east.
==History==
Burnham Thorpe, the birthplace of Horatio, Admiral Lord Nelson, lies to the south-east. According to various letters and documents, Nelson learned to row and sail a dinghy at Burnham Overy Staithe, at the age of 10, two years before joining the Navy. The village’s only pub is called “The Hero” in his honour.
Historically Burnham Overy was the port for the surrounding villages of the Burnhams. Both settlements lie on the River Burn, and until the end of the Middle Ages trading ships were able to reach the village (now Burnham Overy Town). With the silting of the river, commercial traffic switched to the downstream Staithe. With the coming of the railway to the Burnhams in 1866, commercial shipping declined and the last cargo is believed to have been shipped from the Staithe soon after the end of the First World War.
Between Burnham Overy Staithe and the sea, the river spreads out into multiple tidal creeks through the salt marshes that fringe this stretch of coast, and finally reaches the sea by passing through the fronting sand dunes at a gap near Gun Hill locally known as Burnham Harbour. Small boats can reach Burnham Overy Staithe through this gap and creek. Today Burnham Overy Staithe, and the associated harbour, is a recreational sailing centre. It is also the point of departure for seasonal ferries to the Scolt Head Island National Nature Reserve.
To the east of the Burnham Overy creek, the former salt marshes between dry land and the sand dunes have been reclaimed to form fresh water meadows, part of the Holkham estate. A long footpath links Burnham Overy Staithe to the sand-dunes and beach, running along the crest of the embankment which protects these water meadows from the creek.
==Notable residents==
*Robert Austin, artist and engraver
- Richard Woodget, Captain of the "Cutty Sark"
== In popular culture ==
In Joan G. Robinson's 1967 book "When Marnie Was There", the villages of Little Overton and Barnham are based upon Burnham Overy, especially the key locations of the staithe and the windmill.
Leith House Orchards, a family-run plum, greengage and damson orchard, was featured in January 2023, in BBC Two's "The Hairy Bikers Go Local". |
2935965 | 7903804 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2935965 | Feulen | Feulen () is a commune in central Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Diekirch, which is part of the district of Diekirch. The commune's administrative centre is Niederfeulen.
Towns within the commune include Niederfeulen and Oberfeulen. |
2935966 | 12135106 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2935966 | Political blog | Blog#Political_impact |
2935971 | 8066546 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2935971 | Östra station | Stockholm East Station |
2935974 | 206678 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2935974 | Qashani | Qashani or "Kashani" is a Persian decorative arts which had been popular in Iran in the 16th to 18th century, and then moved to Turkey in the time of the Ottomans with the transfer of many Persians artists to Turkey, becoming the basis for decorating the walls of mosques, palaces, shrines and tombs. It is a square-shaped ceramic tile which uses Persian-like floral-depicting 4- or 6-sided glazed tiles, decorated with blue, cyan, green and sometimes red colors. The decoration is surrounded by fine black lines that make it stand out on its white floor. The tile work had often been decorated by the inscription, floral and geometrical patterns. The inscription often provides Qur'anic verses or sentences related to historical events written in Persian script. The plant often consists of natural flowers such as lily, cloves, roses and cypress trees. Geometrical patterns consists of different geometrical shapes and polygons. In Morocco, similar artistic technique is known as "zillij". Its use has been widespread in the decoration of the walls of the buildings in the Ottoman era, and this mosaical feature can also be seen in the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem. Kashi, the abbreviated form of Qashani, was also introduced to Sindh, Kutch, and Multan where numerous examples of shrines and mosques embellished with blue, white and green tile work exist. |
2935984 | 3595842 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2935984 | Hoscheid | Hoscheid () is a small town in north-eastern Luxembourg. It was a commune, part of the canton of Diekirch, which was part of the district of Diekirch.
On January 1, 2012, the commune merged with Consthum and Hosingen communes to form Parc Hosingen commune; thereby becoming part of Clervaux canton.
, the town of Hoscheid, which lies in the south of the commune, had a population of 473.
Among local personalities is Jean Ersfeld, who, in 2004, led his party, the Free Party of Luxembourg in the legislative elections.
==Former commune==
The former commune consisted of the villages:
- Houscheid
- Houscheid-Dickt
- Oberschlinder
- Unterschlinder
- Markebach (lieu-dit)
- Kehrmuhle (lieu-dit)
- Schilkeschleedchen where a firing range of the Luxembourg Armed Forces is located |
2935989 | 7703861 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2935989 | Bill Scranton | William Scranton |
2935990 | 15364713 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2935990 | Luleå Theatre Academy | Luleå Theatre Academy () is a Swedish drama school in Luleå and part of the Luleå University of Technology.
The Theatre Academy was started in the autumn of 1996 as a joint project between the former University College of Technology and the regional Theatre of Norrbotten. This was the fourth university college of drama in Sweden and the first drama school in Norrland on a university level. It is situated next to the Norrbotten Theater House and thereby has close cooperation with them. |
2935991 | 7903804 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2935991 | Faizi | Abu al-Faiz ibn Mubarak, popularly known by his pen-name, Faizi (20 September 1547 – 15 October 1595) was a poet and scholar of late medieval India whose ancestors were the "Malik-ush-Shu'ara" (poet laureate) of Akbar's Court. He was the elder brother of Akbar's historian Abul Fazl. Akbar highly recognised the genius in him and appointed him tutor for his sons and gave place to him among his decorative 'Navaratnas'.
==Life==
Faizi was born in Agra on 5 Sha'ban, AH 954 (20 September 1547), he was the eldest son of Shaikh Mubarak of Nagaur in Rajputana, India, who was of Sindhi descent. Shaikh Mubarak was a scholar in the philosophy literature of Greece as well as in Islamic theology. He was educated mostly by his father.
In AH 974 (1566–8), he reached Akbar's court. Akbar successively appointed him tutor for his princes, Salim, Murad and Daniyal. In AH 990 (1581), he was appointed "sadr" of Agra, Kalpi and Kalinjar. In 1588, he became poet laureate of Akbar's court. In AH 999 (1591–2), he was sent to Khandesh and Ahmednagar as Mughal envoy.
In AH 1003 (1594), a few years after his return from Deccan, Faizi suffered from asthma and died on 10 Safar, AH 1004 (15 October 1595) at Lahore. Initially, he was buried in the Ram Bagh at Agra but his body was later transferred to another family mausoleum near Sikandara.
==Works==
He composed significant poetic works in Persian and is ascribed by Bada'uni and his other contemporaries to have composed over a hundred poetic works, but all the titles are not known to us. His "Divan" (collection of poems), was entitled "Tabashir al-Subh". His "Divan" comprises qasidas, ghazals, ruba'is and elegies.
The exaltation of pantheism in some of his lyrics brought on him the enmity of the orthodox Muslim clergy.
In pursuance of the literary practice then in vogue, Faizi planned to produce a "Panj Ganj" (literally five treasures) or "Khamsa" in imitation of the Persian poet Nizami Ganjavi. At the age of 30, he started writing five works: the "Nal o Daman" (a Persian imitation of the famous Indian epic "Nala and Damayanti"), the "Markaz ul-Advar" (The Centre of the Circle), the "Sulaiman o Bilqis" (Solomon and Balkis – the queen of Sheba), the "Haft Kishvar" (The Seven Zones of the Earth) and the "Akbarnama" (The History of Akbar). His two completed works, the "Markaz ul-Advar" and the "Nal o Daman" (completed in 1594) was the "javab" (imitation) of Nizami's the "Makhzan ul-Asrar"and the "Layla o Majnun". His other three incomplete works, the "Sulaiman o Bilqis", the "Haft Kishvar" and the "Akbarnama" were the imitations of the "Khusraw o Shirin", the "Haft Paykar" and the "Sikandarnama" respectively.
During his stay in Deccan from 1591–3, Faizi wrote a celebrated series of reports on political and cultural conditions of Deccan, as well as contemporary Iran. He wrote a number of books in Arabic which include "Swati al-Ilham" and "Mawarid al-Kalam" ( written without dotted letters.) and translated Bhaskaracharya's celebrated Sanskrit work on mathematics, "Lilavati", into Persian. According to its preface, this work was completed in AH 995 (1587). Friedrich Max Müller's "Introduction to the Science of Religion" (1870, last ed. 1882) has a number of metrical paraphrases of Faizi's poems.
==Described by his brother Abu'l-Fazl==
Of my eldest brother what shall I say? Notwithstanding his spiritual and worldly perfections, he took no step without my concurrence, indiscreet as I am, and devoting himself to my interests, advanced my promotion and was an aid to good intentions. In his poems he speaks of me in a manner which I cannot sufficiently acknowledge, as he says in his eulogium:
He was born in the Jalali year 469, corresponding to A.H. 954 (A.D. 1547). In what tongue shall I indict his praise? In this work I have already written of him and poured forth the anguish of my heart, and quenched its furnace with the water of narration and broken the dam of its torrents and alleviated my want of resignation. His works which are the scales of eloquence and penetration and the lawns of the birds of song, praise him and speak his perfections and recall his virtues. He was one of the nine jewels in Akbar's court.
Faizi also translated the Yogvashisth into Persian. |
2935994 | 985645 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2935994 | Alf-Inge Haaland | Alfie Haaland (born Alf-Inge Rasdal Håland; 23 November 1972) is a Norwegian former professional footballer who played as a right back or midfielder. Haaland played in the Premier League with Nottingham Forest, Leeds United and Manchester City, and won 34 caps for Norway.
Haaland joined the youth academy of his hometown club Bryne FK in 1979 and made his first-team debut in 1989 aged 17. He signed his first professional contract with the club a year later. Haaland then moved to Premier League club Nottingham Forest in December 1993. After a four-year spell at the club, he moved to Leeds United. He was part of the Leeds team that reached the semi-final of the UEFA Cup and qualified for the UEFA Champions League. Haaland then proceeded to make his final transfer to Manchester City. In the same year, Haaland took an eight-year break before returning to Bryne FK's third team and ending his career in 2013 with Rosseland BK.
==Club career==
===Early life and career===
Alfie Haaland was born Alf-Inge Rasdal Håland on 23 November 1972 in Stavanger, and was raised in nearby Bryne. He joined the youth team of his hometown club Bryne FK in 1979. He made his first-team debut in 1989, aged 17, and established himself in the team the following year after signing his first professional contract with Bryne.
===Nottingham Forest===
Haaland moved to England, joining First Division club Nottingham Forest after a protracted transfer. Attempts to sign Haaland started with Brian Clough in October 1992 but was completed under the management of Frank Clark in December 1993. He made his debut for Forest against Leicester City.
===Leeds United===
In July 1997, Haaland joined Leeds United under George Graham. He made his Leeds debut against Arsenal on 9 August. In September, when Manchester United were losing 1–0 to Haaland's Leeds United at Elland Road, Roy Keane injured his anterior cruciate ligament running for the ball with Haaland. As Keane lay prone on the ground, Haaland, unaware of the seriousness of the injury, stood over him and criticised Keane, suggesting that he was merely feigning injury to try to gain a penalty. Haaland was booked as Keane was stretchered off the field and was out of action for nearly a year afterward. On 26 December 1997, Haaland scored a goal in a 3–1 defeat to Liverpool at Anfield, a feat later achieved by his son, Erling Haaland, on 2 October 2019 while playing for Red Bull Salzburg.
He was part of the Leeds team which reached the UEFA Cup semi-finals during the 1999–2000 season and which also qualified for the Champions League. Haaland was mainly used as a utility player, playing in both midfield and defence under David O'Leary.
===Manchester City===
In 2000, Haaland left Leeds to join Manchester City for a fee of £2.5 million. In April 2001, during a match against Manchester United, Roy Keane tackled Haaland, kicking him high on his right knee, for which he was immediately sent off. Of the incident, Haaland said: "I'm only glad my leg was off the ground, otherwise he would have done me a lot of damage". Keane was subsequently fined £5,000 and received a three-match ban. In his autobiography, published a year later, Keane stated that the tackle was a pre-meditated, deliberate act of vengeance against Haaland for the on-field criticism he received from him three and a half years previously. After this revelation, Keane found himself subject to an FA inquiry. He claimed inaccurate paraphrasing by his ghostwriter but received an additional five-game ban and a £150,000 fine for bringing the sport into disrepute. Following the tackle, Haaland had initially claimed Keane would not dare to look him in the eye, and he once said: "I really dislike [Manchester] United and I can't stand their players".
At the time of Keane's tackle, Haaland's left knee was already giving him sufficient problems for him to have to play with strapping around it. After the tackle, Haaland finished the match and played a midweek friendly for Norway coming off at half-time, and the next league game, coming off in the 68th minute. That summer, he underwent surgery on his left knee but only managed a further four substitute appearances the following season, and finally retired in July 2003 after failing to recover full fitness. Haaland was originally contracted with Manchester City until the end of the 2004–05 season, but in his contract, it was stated that City could terminate the contract if medical conditions indicated that he could not play first-team football again, and decided to use this option.
Following the release of Keane's autobiography in 2002, Haaland and Manchester City stated that they were considering taking legal action against Keane. However, it emerged that Haaland had stated on his website that he had been playing with the injury to his left knee for a few months, that his left leg did not receive a knock in the game (Keane kicked his right thigh), and that Keane did not cause his long term injury. Legal action was dropped in February 2003 after the club reviewed the medical advice.
===Rosseland BK===
Haaland came out of retirement after eight years, to play for the Bryne-based club Rosseland BK in the Norwegian Third Division in August 2011. He retired for the final time in 2013.
==International career==
Haaland made his debut for Norway in a friendly match against Costa Rica in January 1994. He was later named in Norway's squad for the 1994 FIFA World Cup where he played the matches against Mexico and Italy. Haaland was capped a total of 34 times, with his last international appearance against Bulgaria in April 2001. Haaland is – along with Hallvar Thoresen, Dan Eggen, Espen Baardsen, Hans Herman Henriksen and Joshua King – among the few players to have played for the Norwegian national team without ever playing in the domestic top division.
==Personal life==
Haaland met Gry Marita Braut, an accomplished Norwegian heptathlon athlete, in the mid-1990s while he was in England playing for Nottingham Forest.
They were married and had three children, Astor, Gabrielle, and Erling Haaland. Astor is a finance student at the BI Norwegian Business School, Gabrielle is a medical associate, while Erling became a professional footballer like his father. Erling plays for Manchester City, a club which Alfie also played for. Alfie's nephew, Albert Tjåland, is also a professional footballer, a striker playing for Molde FK. After his divorce from Gry Marita, Haaland married Anita Strømsvol and they have two daughters. |
2935995 | 20836525 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2935995 | Quasi-affine variety | Quasi-projective variety |
2935996 | 17446636 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2935996 | Medernach | Medernach () is a town and commune in eastern Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Diekirch, which is part of the district of Diekirch.
Since 2011, Medernach has merged with Ermsdorf to become the "Aerenzdallgemeng" (commune Vallée de l'Ernz, Ernztalgemeinde).
==Former commune==
The former commune consisted of the villages:
- Medernach
- Marxberg
- Ousterbur
- Pletschette
- Savelborn - part of the farm belongs to the commune of Waldbillig
- Kitzebur
== Attractions ==
From 1987-2015 Medernach was home to an aerodrome ()
There is a monument commemorating the defense of the town by American soldiers during the winter of 1944–1945 ().
The parish church, built in a neo-Romanesque style in 1806, has been a national monument since 2004. It houses the Baroque altar from the (now defunct) church of the Franciscan friars of Diekirch, dated 1712, as well as a series of the Stations of the Cross.
Every year, the local produce exhibition is the first weekend of September. |
2935999 | 13809165 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2935999 | Sangam era | Sangam period |
2936000 | 7903804 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2936000 | Mertzig | Mertzig () is a commune and town in central Luxembourg. It is part of Diekirch Canton.
, the town of Mertzig itself, which lies in the centre of the commune, has a population of 1,439.
Mertzig was formed on 30 December 1874, when it was detached from the commune of Feulen. The law forming Mertzig was passed on 20 November 1874.
Footballer Wimm Fledermaus once managed a hotel in Mertzig. |
2936001 | 2153229 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2936001 | Guideline Interchange Format | Guideline execution engine#Guideline Interchange Format |
2936004 | 25834403 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2936004 | Burnham Overy Town | Burnham Overy |
2936006 | 456671 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2936006 | Nonsingular variety | singular point of an algebraic variety |
2936007 | 25834443 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2936007 | Burnham Overy Staithe | Burnham Overy |
2936008 | 7903804 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2936008 | Schieren | Schieren is a commune and town in central Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Diekirch.
The town of Schieren, which lies in the west of the commune, has a population of . Schieren is served by a railway station.
Schieren was formed on 1 July 1850, when it was detached from the commune of Ettelbruck, along with the commune of Erpeldange. The law forming Schieren was passed on 22 January 1850.
In 1894, Schieren established a fire station with five volunteer firefighters. It has a notable church. |
2936010 | 619571813 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2936010 | GFDL wiki | GNU Free Documentation License |
2936014 | 7903804 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2936014 | Chiral column chromatography | Chiral column chromatography is a variant of column chromatography that is employed for the separation of chiral compounds, i.e. enantiomers, in mixtures such as racemates or related compounds. The chiral stationary phase (CSP) is made of a support, usually silica based, on which a chiral reagent or a macromolecule with numerous chiral centers is bonded or immobilized.
The chiral stationary phase can be prepared by attaching a chiral compound to the surface of an achiral support such as silica gel. For example, one class of the most commonly used chiral stationary phases both in liquid chromatography and supercritical fluid chromatography is based on oligosaccharides such as Amylose Cellulose or Cyclodextrin (in particular with β-cyclodextrin, a seven sugar ring molecule) immobilized on silica gel.
The principle can be also applied to the fabrication of Monolithic HPLC columns or Gas Chromatography columns. or Supercritical Fluid Chromatography columns.
The
== Principle of Chiral Column Chromatography ==
The chiral stationary phase, CSP, can interact differently with two enantiomers, by a process known as chiral recognition. Chiral recognition depends on various interactions such as hydrogen bonding, π-π interaction, dipole stacking, inclusion complexation, steric, hydrophobic and electrostatic interaction, charge-transfer interactions, ionic interactions etc, between the analyte and the CSP, to form in-situ transient-diastereomeric complexes.
Most of the types of stationary phases can be classified as Pirkle type (Brush type), Protein-based, Cyclodextrins based, Polymer-based carbohydrates (polysaccharide-based CSPs), Macrocyclic antibiotic, Chiral crown ethers, imprinted polymers, etc.
=== Brush type columns (Pirkle Type) ===
The brush type, or Pirkle type chiral stationary phases are also called π-π Donnor-Acceptor columns. According to some theoretical models separation on these CSPs is based on a three-point attachment between the solute and the bonded chiral ligand on the surface of the stationary phase. These interactions may be attractive or repulsive in nature, depending on the mutual properties. Pirkle columns discriminate enantiomers by binding of one enantiomer with the chiral stationary phase, thereby forming a diastereomeric complex through π-π bonding, hydrogen bonding, steric interactions, and/or dipole stacking. Pirkle CSP can be categorized into three classes:
(i) π-electron acceptor
(ii) π-electron donor
(iii) π-electron donor-π-electron acceptor.
=== Protein-based chiral stationary phases ===
A protein-based chiral stationary phase is based on silica-gel, on which a protein is immobilized or bonded. The protein is based on many chiral centers, therefore the mechanism of chiral interaction between the protein and the analytes involves many interactions, such as hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding and charge-transfer interactions, which may contribute to chiral recognition. Hydrophobic interactions between the protein and the analyte are affected by percent organic in the mobile phase. As the organic content increases, retention on protein-based columns decreases.
=== Polysaccharide chiral stationary phases ===
The naturally occurring polysaccharide form the basis for an important group of columns designed for chiral separation. The main polysaccharides are cellulose, amylose, chitosan, dextran, xylan, curdlan, and inulin. Polysaccharide-based stationary phase have a high loading capacity, many chiral centers and complicated stereochemistry, and can be used for the separation of a wide range of compounds.
Polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases have a wide application due to their high separation efficiency, selectivity, sensitivity and reproducibility under normal and reversed-phase conditions, as well as their broad applicability for structurally diversified compounds. The mechanism of chiral interaction on the polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phase has not yet been elucidated. However, the following interactions are believed to play a role in the retention:
(i) Hydrogen bonding interactions of the polar chiral analyte with carbamate groups on the CSP;
(ii) π-π interactions between phenyl groups on the CSP and aromatic groups of the solute;
(i) Dipole-dipole interactions
(ii) Steric interactions due to the helical structure of the CSP.
These effects on the retention process originate also from the functionality of the derivatives of the polysaccharide, its average molecular weight, and size distribution, the solvent used to immobilize it on the macroporous silica support,and the nature of the macroporous silica support itself.
=== Cyclodextrin (CD) chiral stationary phases ===
Cyclodextrin (CD) chiral stationary phase is produced by partial degradation of starch by the enzyme cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase, followed by enzymatic coupling of the glucose units, forming a toroidal structure. CDs are cyclic oligosaccharides consisting of six (α CDs), seven (β CDs) and eight (γ CDs) glucopyranose units. The chiral recognition mechanism is based on a sort of inclusion complexation. Complexation involves the interaction of the hydrophobic portion of an analyte enantiomer with the non-polar interior of the cavity, while the polar functional groups can form a hydrogen bond with the polar hydroxyl chiral cavity space. The most important factor that determines whether the analyte molecule will fit into the cyclodextrin cavity is its size. The α-CD consists of 30 stereo-selective centers, β-CD consists of 35 stereo-selective centers and γ-CD consists of 40 stereo-selective centers. When the hydrophobic portion of the analyte is larger or smaller than the toroid's cavity size, inclusion will not occur.
=== Macrocyclic chiral stationary phases ===
Macrocyclic chiral stationary phases consist of a silica support, on which macrocyclic antibiotic molecules are bonded. The commonly used macrocyclic antibiotics include rifamycin, glycopeptides (for example, avoparcin, teicoplanin, ristocetin A, vancomycin, and their analogs), polypeptide antibiotic thiostrepton, and aminoglycosides (for example, fradiomycin, kanamycin, and streptomycin). The macrocyclic antibiotics interact with the analyte through hydrogen bonds, dipole-dipole interactions with the polar groups of the analyte, ionic interactions and π-π interactions.
=== Chiral crown ether ===
Chiral crown stationary phases consist Crown ethers, immobilized or bonded to the support particles, are polyethers with a macrocyclic structure that can create host-guest complexes with alkali, earth-alkali metal ions, and ammonium cations. The skeleton of the cyclic structure is composed of oxygen and methylene groups arranged alternately. The electron-donating ether oxygens are positioned within the inner wall of the crown cavity, and are encircled by methylene groups in a collar-like arrangement. The chiral recognition is based on two distinct diastereomeric inclusion complexes that can be generated. The primary interactions facilitating complexation involve hydrogen bonds, formed between the three amine hydrogens and the oxygens of the macrocyclic ether, arranged in a tripod configuration. Additionally, ionic interactions, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds can occur between the carbocyclic groups and polar groups of the analytes, providing further support for the complexes.
=== Method Development ===
Method development of chiral chromatography is still done by screening of columns from the various classes of chiral columns. While chiral separation mechanisms are understandable in certain scenarios, and the retention characteristics of analytes within the chromatographic columns can occasionally be elucidated, the precise combination of chiral stationary phases (CSPs) and mobile-phase compositions that required to effectively resolve a specific enantiomeric pair often remains elusive.
The chemistry of CSP ligands significantly influences the creation of in-situ diastereomeric complexes upon the stationary phase surface. However, other method's conditions, such as mobile-phase solvents, their composition, mobile phase additives and column temperature can play equally critical roles. The final resolution of the enantiomers is the outcome of combination of intermolecular forces, and even a subtle change in them can determine the success or failure of separation. This complexity prevents from establishing routine method-development protocols that are universally applicable to a diverse range of enantiomers. In fact, sometimes the outcome of previous unsuccessful experiments do not provide any clue for the subsequent steps. Therefore, in practice, a chiral method development laboratory settings, acts like a high-throughput screening protocol, of conducting a systematic screening of various CSP's by advanced column switching devices, trying automatically and systematically various mobile-phase combinations, effectively employing a trial-and-error strategy.
Because of the highly complex retention mechanism of a chiral stationary-phase due to chiral recognition, whose principles have not been deciphered, it is often difficult, if not impossible to predict in advance the steps that can be successfully applied to the enantiomers at hand as part of method development. That's why the standard approach in the method development is high throughput screening, to evaluate or examine a series of stationary phases, using various mobile-phase combinations, to increase the chance of finding a suitable separation condition. |
2936017 | 66197 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2936017 | History of Central Hendon | Hendon |
2936018 | 1398 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2936018 | Petit Palais | The (; ) is an art museum in the 8th arrondissement of Paris, France.
Built for the 1900 Exposition Universelle ("universal exhibition"), it now houses the City of Paris Museum of Fine Arts ("Musée des beaux-arts de la ville de Paris"). The is located across from the on the former Avenue Nicolas II, today Avenue Winston-Churchill. The other façades of the building face the Seine and Avenue des Champs-Élysées.
The is one of fourteen museums of the City of Paris that have been incorporated since 1 January 2013 in the public corporation Paris Musées. It has been listed since 1975 as a by the Ministry of Culture.
==History==
===Design competition===
In 1894 a competition was held for the 1900 Exhibition area. The Palais de l'Industrie from the 1855 World's Fair was considered unfitting and was to be replaced by something new for the 1900 Exhibition. Architects had the option to do what they pleased (alter, destroy, or keep) with the Palais de l'Industrie. In the end, Charles Girault won the competition and built the Petit Palais as one of the buildings that replaced the Palais de l'Industrie.
The construction of the Petit Palais began on 10 October 1897 and was completed in April 1900. The total cost of the Petit Palais at the time of the construction was 400,000 pounds. In 1902, the Petit Palais officially became the Palais des Beaux-Arts de la Ville de Paris.
===Inspiration===
Girault largely draws on the late 17th and early 18th century French style for the Petit Palais. Additionally his work, such as the domed central porch and the triple arcade, has many references to the stables at Chantilly, Oise.
===Plan of the building===
Girault's plan for the had minimal alterations from the design to the execution. The plan was original and fit perfectly in its given location. The is a trapezoid shape with its larger side as the main façade facing the . The building's shape makes a semi-circular courtyard at the center.
==Architecture==
The Beaux-Arts style was designed by Charles Girault, and is around an octi-circular courtyard and garden, similar to the . Its ionic columns, grand porch, and dome echo those of the Invalides across the river. The tympanum depicting the city of Paris surrounded by muses is the work of sculptor Jean Antoine Injalbert.
The was built to be a lasting building that would become a permanent fine arts museum after the exhibition. The materials of the building—stone, steel and concrete as well as the decoration were to demonstrate that the was built to be enduring.
===Exterior===
====Main façade====
The main façade of the building faces the . The focal point of the façade is the central entrance: "a central archway set in an archivolt topped by a dome and reached by a broad set of steps". Two wings flank the main entrance. These wings, continuing to the end (corner) pavilions, are embellished with free-standing columns that frame the tall windows.
====Pavilions====
The exterior of the pavilions are embellished with arched windows from the side around to the rear façades. These grand windows provide side lighting for the outer three galleries of the interior museum.
====Decoration====
The exterior of the Petit Palais was embellished with many contemporary sculptures. Several famous sculptors at the time, such as Convers, Desvergens, Fagel, Ferrary, Hugues, Injalbert and Peynot, worked on the exterior decoration of the building.
===Interior===
====Courtyard====
The trapezoidal shape of the Petit Palace forms an open area at the centre of the building. This enclosed area creates a semicircular, peristyled courtyard. The architecture of the courtyard incorporated many different architectural elements. The elegant courtyard is considered Beaux Arts style because of the "symmetrical composition" and "rich decoration in high relief". Coupled columns made of pink Vosges granite and gilt-bronze encircle the courtyard and bordering covered gallery. Although the courtyard is in the central part of the Petit Palais, one of the main structures of the Exhibition, its purpose was to provide visitors with a relaxing space apart from the busy Exposition.
====Museum====
The museum is split into two levels with two series of rooms running parallel and juxtaposed. The interior of the Petit Palais was designed to create exhibition spaces "suited to every aspect of a collection: the outer galleries for objects, the inner, skylit ones for paintings, the lower galleries for reserves and the entrance rotunda and main gallery for sculptures". The entrance rotunda and main gallery was especially grand. The floors were tiled with mosaics, the walls were lined with marble, whereas the dome and vaults were filled with allegorical paintings.
==Exhibits==
The exhibits housed in the Petit Palais during the Exhibition displayed the History of Art from the beginning until the present era. The History of French Art from 1800–1900 showed the stages of growth. The inner gallery of Petit Palais exhibited "priceless treasures in ivory, tapestry, metal work, jewelry, and porcelain gathered from the most important collections of France". The outer gallery was a collection of royal French furniture.
The exhibits are divided into sections: the Dutuit Collection of medieval and Renaissance paintings, drawings and "objets d'art"; the Tuck Collection of 18th century furniture and the City of Paris collection of paintings. The museum displays paintings by painters such as Rembrandt, Rubens, Nicolas Poussin, Claude Gellée, Fragonard, Hubert Robert, Greuze and a remarkable collection of 19th-century painting and sculpture: Ingres, Géricault, Delacroix, Courbet, Monet, Sisley, Pissarro, Cézanne, Danger, Modigliani, Carpeaux, Maillol and Rodin, among others. There is also a relatively small but important collection of ancient Greek and Roman art and of Christian icons for which the museums's first and only 21st-century artwork was acquired in 2019 ("Les Martyrs de Libye" by Nikola Sarić).
==Reactions and influence abroad==
As a whole the architecture of the 1900 Exhibition was not well received however, reactions to the Petit Palais were generally positive. Some people even claimed that the Petit Palais had the "power to educate the mind while it pleases the senses". King Leopold II of Belgium was very impressed with Girault's execution of the Petit Palais. This admiration started a "fruitful collaboration between monarch and architect". Girault was commissioned to build several structures including: "the Arcade du Cinquantenaire in Brussels, extensions at the Royal Castle of Laeken, and a seafront colonnade at Ostend". The Petit Palais has served as a model for other public buildings, notably for the Royal Museum for Central Africa located in Tervuren, Belgium; and the Museo de Bellas Artes (National Museum of Fine Arts) in Santiago, Chile. |
2936019 | 15934865 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2936019 | 9k33m3 | 9K33 Osa |
2936022 | 138511 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2936022 | Road Weedon | Weedon Bec |
2936023 | 684386 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2936023 | Janu | Janu may refer to one of the following:
- Janu, a clan of Jats originally from Jandwa
- Janů, Czech surname |
2936031 | 8066546 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2936031 | Hancesti | Hîncești |
2936039 | 15449111 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2936039 | National Socialist Movement | National Socialist Movement may refer to:
- Nazi Party, a political movement in Germany
- National Socialist Movement (UK, 1962), a British neo-Nazi group
- National Socialist Movement (United Kingdom), a British neo-Nazi group active during the late 1990s
- National Socialist Movement (United States), a neo-Nazi organization based in Detroit, Michigan
- National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands, a Dutch fascist and later national socialist political party
- National Socialist Movement of Chile, a political movement in Chile
- National Socialist Movement of Denmark, a neo-Nazi political party in Denmark
- National Socialist Movement of Norway, a Norwegian neo-Nazi group |
2936042 | 66197 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2936042 | History of West Hendon, Colindale, and the Hyde | West Hendon |
2936049 | 665998 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2936049 | Jordan/Katie Price | Katie Price |
2936055 | 68496 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2936055 | Jean-Louis Anne Madelain Cardinal Lefebvre de Cheverus | Jean-Louis Lefebvre de Cheverus |
2936057 | 1116474627 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2936057 | Archaeomagnetic dating | Archaeomagnetic dating is the study and interpretation of the signatures of the Earth's magnetic field at past times recorded in archaeological materials. These paleomagnetic signatures are fixed when ferromagnetic materials such as magnetite cool below the Curie point, freezing the magnetic moment of the material in the direction of the local magnetic field at that time. The direction and magnitude of the magnetic field of the Earth at a particular location varies with time, and can be used to constrain the age of materials. In conjunction with techniques such as radiometric dating, the technique can be used to construct and calibrate the geomagnetic polarity time scale. This is one of the dating methodologies used for sites within the last 10,000 years. The method was conceived by E. Thellier in the 1930s and the increased sensitivity of SQUID magnetometers has greatly promoted its use.
==Instances of use==
The Earth's magnetic field has two main components. The stronger component known as the Earth's poles, reverses direction at irregular intervals. The weaker variations are the Earth's magnetic map. Within these weaker areas the local directions and intensities change gradually (secular variation). A compass does not point to the true North Pole but to a direction that is a function of the North Magnetic Pole and the local secular variation to yield a magnetic declination.
The magnetic declination at any given time can be frozen into a clay formation that contains magnetite and is heated above the Curie point. In general, many cultures used long-term fire hearths made of clay bricks, or a space lined with clay, that were baked into place by use. These artifacts of occupation can yield the magnetic declination from the last time they were fired or used.
Archaeomagnetic dating was described in the 1992 publication “Paleomagnetism: Magnetic Domains to Geologic Terranes.” By Robert F. Butler.
==Methodology==
Archaeomagnetic dating requires an undisturbed feature that has a high likelihood of containing a remnant magnetic moment from the last time it had passed through the Curie point. This involves sufficient mass to take samples from, and a suitable material with adequate magnetite to hold the remnant magnetism. In addition, the feature needs to be in an area for which a secular variation curve (SVC) exists. Once the paleodirections of enough independently dated archaeological features are determined, they can be used to compile a secular variation record for a particular region, known as an SVC. The Archaeomagnetic Laboratory at the Illinois State Museum has secular variation curves for the southwest, mid-continent and southeast United States. Additional data points from archaeomagnetic samples with corresponding dating techniques such as tree ring dating or carbon-14 dates, help refine the regional curves.
==Technique==
A number of samples are removed from the feature by encasement in non-magnetic plaster within non-magnetic moulds. These samples are marked for true north at the time of collection. The samples are sent to an Archaeomagnetic Laboratory for processing. Each of the samples is measured in a spinner magnetometer to determine the thermal remanent magnetism of each sample. The results are statistically processed and an eigenvector is generated that shows the three-dimensional magnetic declination that will yield a location for the North Pole at the time of the last thermal event of the feature. Data from this feature is compared to the regional secular variation curve in order to determine the best-fit date range for the feature's last firing event. |
2936061 | 10041110 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2936061 | Boeing 787-9 | Boeing 787 Dreamliner#787-9 |
2936062 | 46499704 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2936062 | Man Singh I | Mirza Raja Man Singh I (21 December 1550 – 6 July 1614) was the 24th Maharaja of Amber from 1589 to 1614. He also served as the Subahdar of Bengal for three terms from 1595 to 1606 and the Subahdar of Kabul from 1585 to 1586. He served in the Imperial Mughal Army under Emperor Akbar. Man Singh fought sixty-seven important battles in Kabul, Balkh, Bukhara, Bengal and Central and Southern India. He was well versed in the battle tactics of both the Rajputs as well as the Mughals. He is commonly considered to be of the Navaratnas, or the nine ("nava") gems ("ratna") of the royal court of Akbar.
==Early life of Man Singh I==
He was the son of Raja Bhagwant Das and his wife Bhagawati of Amer. He was born on Sunday, 21 December 1550.
Initially known as "Kunwar" (prince), Man Singh received the title of "Mirza" or "Raja" (King) and the rank "mansab" of 5000 after the death of his father on 10 December 1589 from Akbar. On 26 August 1605, Man Singh became a mansabdar of 7,000, i.e., a commander of 7,000 cavalry in the Mughal forces, which was the maximum command for anyone other than a son of the Mughal emperor and the guardian of Khusrau, the eldest son Jahangir. Akbar called him "Farzand" (son). He fought many important campaigns for Akbar. Kunwar Man Singh led the Mughal Army in the well-known battle of Haldighati fought in 1576 against the Kingdom of Mewar and for his reestablishment of Jagannath Temple of Puri, Orissa.
== War against Mewar==
Man Singh was sent by Akbar to Maharana Pratap to make a treaty with Akbar and accept Mughal sovereignty. However Pratap refused, starting the Battle of Haldighati,
Pratap had 3,000 horsemen, elephants and 400 Bhil archers under Rana Poonja. A small artillery unit was also with him under Hakim Khan Sur. The force was divided into five wings. The advance wing was under Hakim Khan Sur, Bhim Singh Dodiya and Ramdas Rathore. The right wing was under Bhamashah and Maharaja Ramshah Tanwar. The left wing was under Jhala Man Singh. Rana Pratap was in the centre. Behind him was Rao Poonja with his Bhil warriors.
Man Sing's Forces Consisted of 10,000 horsemen, infantry and some elephants. This included 4,000 Kachwaha Rajput forces. and 5,00 Mughal forces, out of which, 1,000 were other Hindu reserves, and 5,000 were Muslims.
This force was divided into five wings. There were two advance wings. The first was under Sayyid Hashim Barha, son of Sayyed Mahmud Khan, Jagannath Kachwaha and Asaf Ali Khan. The second advance troop was under Madho Singh Kachwaha. Behind this was Man Singh. To his right was Mulla Qazi Khan and to his left were Sayyeds of Barah. At first Rana Pratap attacked and scattered the advance and left wings of the Mughal army but soon momentum shifted with Mansingh's counter charge forced Pratap to retreat back. Jagannath Kachwaha killed Ramshah Tanwar and Rajput warriors of both sides engaged in a fierce battle. The Mughals were the victors and inflicted significant casualties among the Mewaris but failed to capture Pratap, who escaped to the hills.
==Expedition to Kabul==
In 1580 CE, some prominent Muslim officers of Akbar, displeased with his liberal religious policies, started to conspire against him. Qazi Muhammad Yazdi declared it the duty of every Muslim to rebel against Akbar. In Bihar and Bengal they declared Mirza Hakim, Akbar's stepbrother and Governor of Kabul, to be the emperor. Akbar sent armies to Bihar and Bengal to crush this rebellion, while he himself started towards Kabul; Man Singh with him. On 8 March 1581, Akbar reached Machhiwara and soon arrived on the banks of River Indus, he then sent an advance force led by Man Singh to Kabul. Although, Akbar's army was hesitating to cross the swelling Indus River, Man Singh was able to cross it first followed by troops. Hearing the news Mirza Hakim fled to Gurband. Following the army, Akbar himself arrived at Kabul on 10 August 1581. Hakim was pardoned by Akbar, but his sister Bakhtunissa Begum was appointed Governor of Kabul. After Akbar returned to Fatehpur Sikri; Bakhtunissa remained as the nominal head of state, while Hakim acted as the governor (Hakim died in July, 1582). Kabul was annexed by the Mughal Empire and Man Singh was appointed governor. He remained in Kabul for some years and built a fortress, used by succeeding Mughal governors. Man Singh brought many talented men with him when he returned from Kabul. Some of their descendants still live in Jaipur.
Again in 1585 CE, some Afghan tribes rose against the Mughal empire. The Yusufzai and "Mandar" tribes were the main ones among them. Akbar sent an army under Zain Khan, Hakim Abul Fateh and Raja Birbal to control these revolting tribes. However, they failed to control the revolting Afghans and Raja Birbal, friend of Akbar and one of his Navratnas was also killed in the battle with Afghans. Akbar then sent Raja Todar Mal to crush the revolt and called Raja Man Singh to help Todar Mal. Todarmal had some success in controlling the rebellious Afghan tribes, but the real source of the revolt was behind the Khyber Pass. It was hard to cross this pass which was dominated by Afghan "Kabailies". Man Singh was accompanied by "Rao Gopaldas" of Nindar in this expedition, who bravely made way for Mughal army in the pass. After crossing the pass Man Singh decisively defeated five major tribes of Afghans including Yusufzai and "Mandar" tribes. The flag of Amber was changed from "Katchanar" (green climber in white base) to "Pachranga" (five colored) to commemorate this victory. This flag continued in use until accession of Jaipur state in India. This permanently crushed the revolt and the area remained peaceful thereafter.
In 1586 CE, Akbar sent another army under Raja Bhagwant Das, father of Kunwar Man Singh to win Kashmir. Kashmir was captured and annexed in the Mughal Empire and made a Sarkar (district) of Kabul province. Man Singh and his father Raja Bhagwant Das are reputed to have brought the technology of cannon production to Amber.
==Conquest of Bihar==
When Akbar had conquered Delhi, many of his Afghan enemies had fled to the refuge of the eastern Raja's. Man Singh was sent by Emperor Akbar to bring the resisting Raja's to submission. Man Singh's first target was Raja Puranmal of Gidhaur whose fort was easily conquered by the Kachwaha army. Puranmals treasury was captured and his daughter was married to Man Singh's brother Chandrabhan Kachwaha. Man Singh continued his campaign and defeated the raja's of Gaya and Kargpur, both of them were forced into submission and paid tribute to the emperor. Some Afghan nobles of Bengal tried to invade Bihar during Man Singh's occupation, but were soundly defeated by Man Singh's son Jagat Singh. The invaders left their loot and fled back to Bengal, the spoils of war and 54 elephants were sent to the emperor. Abul Fazl has described Man Singh's campaign in Bihar in the following words. "The Raja united ability with courage and genius with strenuous action".
==Conquest of Orissa==
After conquering Bihar, Man Singh was ordered to defeat the Afghan Sultan Qatlu Khan Lohani of Orissa. Man Singh set out for Orissa in April 1590. Jagat Singh Kachwaha was sent with an advance army to study the area, however he was attacked by Sultan Qatlu Khan and was badly defeated where several notable commanders of Amber were killed, including Bika Rathor, Mahesh Das and Naru Charan. Jagat was saved by Raja Hamir Singh and escaped to the fort of Bishnupur. Qatlu however died after 10 days and the Afghans under his son Nasir Khan surrendered to Man Singh. Nasir bowed before Man Singh and promised to read the Khutba and stamp coins in the name of emperor Akbar. He further ceded lands and gave a tribute of 150 elephants. After this success, Man Singh returned to Bihar. The Afghans however rebelled against Nasir after his regent Isa Khan died. The Afghans captured the lands that had been ceded and started another rebellion. Man Singh was once again forced to march to Orissa. On 9 April 1592, the two armies met near Jaleswar city and after a bloody fight Man Singh defeated the Afghans, Man singh followed the fleeing Afghans and forced the Afghan leaders to accept Mughal overlordship. The remaining Afghan chieftains fled to the Hindu Raja's of Orissa. Man Singh attacked these Raja's and captured several forts with ease and forced them to surrender, the strongest of these Raja's, the Raja of Khurda however refused and was pressed by Man Singh, several of his cities and forts were captured after which the Khurda Raja shut himself in his capital fort. Akbar denounced this rough behaviour towards such an ancient dynasty and ordered Man singh to show leniency after which the Khurda Raja surrendered and offered his daughter to Man Singh in marriage. The conquest of Orissa was thus complete. Man Singh was called to Lahore where the crown prince Salim personally received him and he was given robes of condolence by the emperor for his father's death. Man Singh presented to the emperor three sons of Quatlu Khan Lohani and 2 nobles of Orissa.
==Governor of Bengal, Bihar, Jharkhand and Odisha==
On 17th March 1594, Man Singh was made the guardian of Prince Salim (Jehangir) by Akbar. He was also appointed as the viceroy of Bengal and many large jagirs in Orissa and Bengal were given to Man Singh and his nobles. Man Singh soon started sending his men to quell the rebellions in Bengal. On 2nd April 1595, the Amber army conquered Bhushna fort. On 7th November, Man Singh founded a new capital for Bengal called Akbarnagar. After founding the new capital, Man personally marched against the Afghans under Isa Bhati, resulting in the retreat of the Afghans and the annexation of Isa's lands. Man Singh fell ill after this campaign, which renewed the rebellion. Man Singh sent Himmat Singh to deal with the rebels, and once again defeated them. Man Singh also helped Lakshmi Narayan, the raja of Cooch Behar, for which the grateful Raja of Cooch Behar gave his sister in marriage to Man Singh and also agreed to become a vassal of the Mughal Emperor. Man Singh would leave Bengal for Ajmer and during this period the Mughals started to lose control over Bengal and even lost several skirmishes. Man Singh was thus once again sent to Bengal. Man Singh defeated the rebels near Sherpur-Atia on 12th February 1601 and chased them for 8 miles. Man Singh, after this victory, marched towards Dacca and forced Kedar Rai, the zamindar of Bhushna, to submit to him. The rebels Jalal Khan and Qazi Mumin were also defeated by Man Singh's grandson. Man Singh then marched towards the Banar river where he defeated the successor of Qatlu Khan called Usman and quelled the Pathans under him. Man Singh would go on to defeat the Arracan Pirates and then Kedar Rai, who was captured after a battle and died before he could be brought before Man Singh. The Magh raja and Usman were also defeated after this battle. Man Singh thus returned to Dacca and camped at Nazirpur after a series of victories against the powerful rebels of Bengal.
==Jahangir and twilight of Man Singh I==
Prince Salim was born, but he became addicted to alcohol and opium in his youth. He disobeyed royal orders and became infamous for torture such as murdering Abul Fazal. Akbar tried hard to reform him as well as his eldest son Khusrau Mirza. Two of Akbar's sons, Murad and Danial, died in his lifetime. The royal court was divided into two factions, one favoring Khusrau and the other Salim to be the next emperor. Raja Man Singh and Mirza Aziz Koka were in Khusrau's favour. In 1605, when Akbar fell ill, he appointed Salim to be his heir. Though Man Singh opposed Salim's accession to the throne during Akbar's lifetime, he never opposed Jahangir (Salim) after his coronation. After Akbar's death, Jahangir (Salim) became emperor. Man Singh was initially sent as Subahdar of Bengal on 10 November 1605 for a short period, but soon he was replaced by Qutb-ud-Din Khan Koka on 2 September 1606. Jahangir also ordered removal of some of the modifications which had been made by Raja Man Singh to his palace at Amber. But in 1611 CE, the southern provinces of Ahmednagar, Berar and Khandesh defied Mughal sovereignty under Malik Ambar. Jahangir sent Raja Man Singh and others to crush the revolt.
== Spouses and Issues ==
=== Spouses ===
* Sushilawati Bai
- Munwari Bai
- Sahodra Gaud
- Sumitra
- Jambhvanti
- Chhamavati
- Prabhavati Bangalan
- Bibi Mubarak (Niece of Akbar)
=== Issues ===
* Kunwar Jagat Singh
- Raja Bhau Singh (d. 1621)
- Kunwar Durjan Singh (1575–1597)
- Kunwar Himmat Singh (1590–1597)
- Bhogda Singh (1596–1610)
- Sabal Singh
- Raj Kuwri Mena Baisa (1591–1682)
- Manorama Bai (1614–1689)
==Death and succession==
Man Singh died a natural death on 6 July 1614 at Ellichpur. Following his death, he was succeeded by his son Mirza Raja Bhau Singh. His direct descendants became known (to this date) as the Rajawats who had the privilege to the throne of Amber and subsequently Jaipur.
==Cultural achievements==
Raja Man Singh was a devotee of the deity Krishna. He had a seven-storied temple of Krishna constructed for Srila Rupa Goswami, disciple of Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu, in Vrindavan. The cost of construction was one crore rupees at that time. The four-storey temple is still present at Vrindavan. He also constructed a temple of Krishna at his capital, Amber. The place is now known as "Kanak Vrindavan" near Amber Ghati of Jaipur. He constructed the temple of Shila Devi at Amber Fort. He also constructed and repaired many temples at Benaras, Allahabad and various other places. He added much beautification to his palace at Amber. When Akbar called a meeting of his nobles at Fatehpur Sikri in 1582, to discuss Din-i-Ilahi, Raja Bhagwant Das was the only man to oppose this religion. Later, Man Singh also refused to convert to Din-i-Ilahi. It is believed his son Jagat Singh I received education from Goswami Tulsidas and Man Singh himself used to attend his religious lectures. Tulsidas was a contemporary of Akbar and author of Ramacharitamanasa, also known as the Tulasi Ramayana, and much other famous poetry devoted to Rama and Hanuman.
==In popular culture==
* 2013–2015: "Jodha Akbar", broadcast on Zee TV, where he was played by Ankit Raizada.
- 2013–2015: "Bharat Ka Veer Putra – Maharana Pratap", broadcast by Sony Entertainment Television (India), where he was portrayed by Kanha Shashikant Sharma.
- 1988-1989 : "Bharat Ek Khoj", broadcast on Doordarshan, where he was played by Surendra Pal. |
2936064 | 11952314 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2936064 | Boeing 787-3 | Boeing 787 Dreamliner |
2936065 | 23106880 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2936065 | Boeing 787-900 | Boeing 787 Dreamliner#787-9 |
2936069 | 13286072 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2936069 | Beckerich | Beckerich () is a commune and small town in western Luxembourg, in the canton of Redange. It lies close to the border with Belgium.
, the town of Beckerich, which lies in the centre of the commune, has a population of 635.
Beckerich has a drinking water production plant, which supplies Lidl Stores with water internationally. It supplies about 85% of its energy needs, exclusive of transportation, from alternative energy sources, primarily manure.
==Populated places==
The commune consists of the following villages:
- Beckerich Section:
- Beckerich
- Elvange
- Hovelange
- Huttange
- Noerdange
- Schweich
- Hovelangerhof (lieu-dit)
- Liederreng (lieu-dit)
- Liederrengerhof (lieu-dit)
- Oberpallen Section:
- Dideling
- Levelange
- Oberpallen |
2936073 | 23106880 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2936073 | Boeing 787-800 | Boeing 787 Dreamliner#787-8 |
2936075 | 23106880 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2936075 | Boeing 787-300 | Boeing 787 Dreamliner#787-3 |
2936077 | 10041110 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2936077 | Boeing 787-8 | Boeing 787 Dreamliner#787-8 |
2936080 | 88026 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2936080 | Noetherian topological space | In mathematics, a Noetherian topological space, named for Emmy Noether, is a topological space in which closed subsets satisfy the descending chain condition. Equivalently, we could say that the open subsets satisfy the ascending chain condition, since they are the complements of the closed subsets. The Noetherian property of a topological space can also be seen as a strong compactness condition, namely that every open subset of such a space is compact, and in fact it is equivalent to the seemingly stronger statement that "every" subset is compact.
== Definition ==
A topological space formula_1 is called Noetherian if it satisfies the descending chain condition for closed subsets: for any sequence
formula_2
of closed subsets formula_3 of formula_1, there is an integer formula_5 such that formula_6
== Properties ==
* A topological space formula_1 is Noetherian if and only if every subspace of formula_1 is compact (i.e., formula_1 is hereditarily compact), and if and only if every open subset of formula_1 is compact.
- Every subspace of a Noetherian space is Noetherian.
- The continuous image of a Noetherian space is Noetherian.
- A finite union of Noetherian subspaces of a topological space is Noetherian.
- Every Hausdorff Noetherian space is finite with the discrete topology.
Proof: "Every subset of X is compact in a Hausdorff space, hence closed. So X has the discrete topology, and being compact, it must be finite."
- Every Noetherian space "X" has a finite number of irreducible components. If the irreducible components are formula_11, then formula_12, and none of the components formula_13 is contained in the union of the other components.
== From algebraic geometry ==
Many examples of Noetherian topological spaces come from algebraic geometry, where for the Zariski topology an irreducible set has the intuitive property that any closed proper subset has smaller dimension. Since dimension can only 'jump down' a finite number of times, and algebraic sets are made up of finite unions of irreducible sets, descending chains of Zariski closed sets must eventually be constant.
A more algebraic way to see this is that the associated ideals defining algebraic sets must satisfy the ascending chain condition. That follows because the rings of algebraic geometry, in the classical sense, are Noetherian rings. This class of examples therefore also explains the name.
If "R" is a commutative Noetherian ring, then Spec("R"), the prime spectrum of "R", is a Noetherian topological space. More generally, a Noetherian scheme is a Noetherian topological space. The converse does not hold, since there are non-Noetherian rings with only one prime ideal, so that Spec("R") consists of exactly one point and therefore is a Noetherian space.
== Example ==
The space formula_14 (affine formula_15-space over a field formula_16) under the Zariski topology is an example of a Noetherian topological space. By properties of the ideal of a subset of formula_14, we know that if
formula_18
is a descending chain of Zariski-closed subsets, then
formula_19
is an ascending chain of ideals of formula_20 Since formula_21 is a Noetherian ring, there exists an integer formula_5 such that
formula_23
Since formula_24 is the closure of "Y" for all "Y", formula_25 for all formula_26 Hence
formula_27 as required. |
2936085 | 1191269702 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2936085 | Grosbous | Grosbous ( or (locally) ; ) is a former commune and small town in northwestern Luxembourg, in the canton of Redange.
, the town of Grosbous, which lies in the south of the commune, had a population of 619. Other towns within the commune include Dellen.
On January 1, 2021, the population of Grosbous was 1,112. Since beginning of 2019, Grosbous had intense discussions with their neighbours, the Commune of Wahl concerning a fusion of the two communes entitled Grosbous-Wahl. An important step in this process was the referendum of June 27, 2021, when the inhabitants of both communes expressed their opinion about the project of merging the two communes. The majority of voters in both communes supported the fusion, which took place in September 2023, after the next municipal elections in June 2023. |
2936088 | 34193108 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2936088 | Grizzly (comics) | Grizzly is the name of four unrelated fictional characters appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The first is a wild west villain, the second is an A.I.M. Agent, the third is a foe of Spider-Man, and the fourth is a mutant and member of Six Pack.
==Publication history==
The third Grizzly is ex-wrestler Maxwell "Max" Markham, one of Spider-Man's enemies. He first appeared in "The Amazing Spider-Man" #139 (Dec. 1974) and was created by Gerry Conway and Ross Andru.
The fourth Grizzly is Theodore Winchester. He first appeared in "X-Force" #8 and was created by Rob Liefeld.
==Fictional characters biographies==
===Grizzly (Ace Fenton)===
Ace Fenton is a criminal in the Old West who went by the Grizzly name. As the Grizzly made off with money he robbed from the bank, he ran afoul of Two-Gun Kid and the Rawhide Kid. After his rifle ran out, he ran off with his steel-lined grizzly bear suit protecting him from their bullets. When Rawhide Kid was suspected of robbing a train, Two-Gun Kid advised him to turn himself over. Ace Fenton himself began stirring up the people of Tombstone to turn against the Rawhide Kid claiming that he trained the Grizzly to rob a train. On the day of the trial, Grizzly broke into the courtroom and abducted Rawhide Kid to make it look like they are partners in crime. He tried to kill Rawhide Kid, but this failed and his mask was removed. Rawhide Kid was not able to get a glimpse of the Grizzly's face when he ran off. Rawhide Kid and Two-Gun Kid found his empty costume and headed to a saloon that the Grizzly had made on mistake. When Ace Fenton revealed himself as the Grizzly, he and Rawhide Kid got into a gunfight. Rawhide Kid defeated Ace Fenton and handed him over to the authorities.
===Grizzly (A.I.M. operative)===
A.I.M. had sent Grizzly and Agent R-2 to capture an atomic scientist named Paul Fosgrave at Manning University. Posing as students, they persuaded Mart Baker to help them by using the Hypno-Ray to turn protests into hostile activities as a cover to capture Paul Fosgrave. Mart Baker demanded that his committee be placed in control of the university and the student body divided against each other resulting in a massive fight. Captain America showed up at the scene and MODOK instructed Grizzly and Agent R-2 to capture Paul Fosgrave immediately. As they brought Paul Fosgrave to the roof where their portable copter was waiting, Captain America pursued them with the help of Mart Baker (learning that he was duped by them). Grizzly tried to escape on the copter with Paul Fosgrave, but Captain America shot the copter down with Grizzly's gun. Fosgrave was brought to safety, Agent R-2 was defeated, and Mart Baker and his followers were granted amnesty by the university. Grizzly's fate after the copter crashed is unrevealed.
===Grizzly (Maxwell "Max" Markham)===
Maxwell Markham is a professional wrestler who competed using the nom de guerre of Grizzly. His violent actions brought him to the attention of J. Jonah Jameson, whose articles got Maxwell expelled from wrestling. Ten years later, he met with the Jackal, who gave him a grizzly bear suit and an exoskeleton harness that amplified his strength and durability. He used this harness to attack the Daily Bugle in an attempt to get revenge against Jameson for ruining his wrestling career, but Spider-Man defeated him. Grizzly then attempted to defeat Spider-Man alongside Jackal, but was defeated again by Spider-Man and went to jail.
After his release, Markham took his grizzly suit and exoskeleton harness to Tinkerer for them to be fixed and upgraded. Grizzly demanded a rematch with Spider-Man so that he could take revenge on Spider-Man and save face among his peers. Spider-Man faked defeat, allowing Grizzly to think he defeated him.
He later joined up with Gibbon, Spot, and Kangaroo II to become the "Legion of Losers". Planning only to get back at Spider-Man, Grizzly and Gibbon were shocked to see Kangaroo II and the Spot robbing a bank. They did capture Spider-Man, but released him, claiming that "He's an all-right guy". The Grizzly and the Gibbon teamed up with Spider-Man to capture the Kangaroo II and the Spot. Grizzly and Gibbon later became crime-fighters and helped Spider-Man (disguised as the Bombastic Bag-Man) again to stop White Rabbit's bank robbery.
At one point, out on probation, Grizzly tries to turn his life around. His desire to keep wearing the suit, several accidents and the interference of his criminal friends make his life that much more miserable.
Grizzly was brought in by S.H.I.E.L.D. at one point or another, and his interrogation yielded key information that would drive the events of the "Secret War".
Later, Grizzly is receiving legal services from the law offices that employ She-Hulk. He had been accused of a robbery at Madison Square Garden, but his defense was to be that he had been seen fighting Power Pack in New Jersey at the same time.
Grizzly meets Starfox moments later. Not understanding that Walter's employers have taken on villains for a client, he believes his old Avengers comrade is being menaced by supervillains. Grizzly is punched out by Starfox.
For a time, Maxwell works as an enforcer for the crime lord Hammerhead. With a new costume and fangs, he teams with a stylized Boomerang. At one point, he claims to have a child and that he used his child's college fund to pay for his fangs.
Following the "Civil War" storyline, Maxwell is a self-confessed loser at the wake of the Stilt-Man. Almost all of the supervillains at the wake were the victims of murder/attempted murder: the Punisher disguised himself as a barman, poisoned the drinks, and then blew up the bar. Due to prompt medical attention, there were no actual fatalities.
Alyosha Kraven later began collecting a zoo of animal-themed superhumans, including Bushmaster, Gargoyle, Tiger Shark, Kangaroo II, the Vatican Black Knight's Aragorn, Vulture, Mongoose, Man-Bull, Dragon Man, Swarm, Mandrill, Frog-Man and Rhino. In the end, the Punisher managed to sabotage this zoo; though Kraven himself escaped to the Savage Land.
Stephen Colbert's fear of bears is well known, so Grizzly was the natural choice for a villain when Colbert teamed up with Spider-Man as part of a storyline where Stephen Colbert is a major candidate for the presidency in the fictional Marvel Universe.
The Hood sends the Grizzly to take out the Punisher and anyone working with him. However, the Grizzly walked into a trap, with nothing but explosives waiting for him, which the Punisher's assistant then detonated. The Grizzly somehow survived the explosion and was one of the criminals who later confronted the Punisher.
Norman Osborn then appoints the Grizzly to the Thunderbolts, sending him on a mission to aid them against the Agents of Atlas. During this time, the Grizzly started wearing a coat that has a bear-shaped hood on it instead of his usual exoskeleton bear suit. The Grizzly is also made the commander of a squadron of B.A.T.F.E. agents. The Grizzly also joins the Thunderbolts in their mission to retrieve the Spear of Odin during the Siege of Asgard.
During the "Heroic Age" storyline, Grizzly was shown as an inmate at the Raft when Hank Pym brings the students from the Avengers Academy over for a tour.
Hobgoblin later gave an enhanced version of one of the Grizzly's old exoskeleton bear suits to an unnamed criminal who took on the name the Bruin in order to build his reputation. He, Blaze II, and the Devil-Spider II took part in a heist until they encountered the Superior Spider-Man (Doctor Octopus's mind in Spider-Man's body) in the Venom symbiote.
Grizzly later attended a support group called Supervillains Anonymous that was held at a church and also attended by Boomerang, Doctor Bong, Hippo, Looter, Mirage, Porcupine II, and others. At another Supervillains Anonymous meeting, Grizzly and Looter talk about their run-ins with Spider-Man.
While sporting a new version of his exoskeleton bear suit, Grizzly travels to Miami and attacks Scott Lang, mistaking him for his enemy Eric O'Grady and unaware that Eric is dead. After the misunderstanding is cleared up, Scott offers Grizzly a job at the newly established Ant-Man Security Solutions. On Scott Lang's behalf, Grizzly enlisted Machinesmith to help rescue Cassandra Lang from Cross Technological Enterprises, and later aids him against a revenge attack by Darren Cross, Crossfire, and Egghead.
During the "Secret Empire" storyline, Grizzly and Machinesmith join up with the Army of Evil during HYDRA's rise to power.
===Grizzly (Theodore Winchester)===
Theodore Winchester was one of the members of Cable's mercenary group originally named the Wild Pack. Grizzly participated in the Wild Pack's raid on a HYDRA base ten years ago. Grizzly also participated in the Wild Pack's mission in Iran. Because of conflicts with Silver Sable's group of the same name, they later changed their name to the Six Pack instead. Grizzly participated in the Six Pack's confrontations with Stryfe in Afghanistan and Uruguay. During a mission for the arms dealer Tolliver, the Six Pack fell apart.
Years later, G. W. Bridge, another Six Pack-member, asked Grizzly to join Weapon P.R.I.M.E., a group created to capture Cable. Weapon P.R.I.M.E. attacked Cable and his team, X-Force. Grizzly was defeated by Warpath, and the mission failed.
Grizzly left the team, then teamed up with Domino in her search for X-Force. Grizzly is then reunited with fellow former Six Pack member Hammer. Grizzly, Domino, and Hammer then captured the shape-shifter, Vanessa. Domino joined X-Force shortly afterwards and Grizzly went home to lead a quiet life.
Some time later, he became a serial killer while under mind control from Genesis, Cable's son. Domino investigated the deaths and fought with Grizzly. She was forced to kill him, but promised the dying Grizzly not to tell Cable about his son's actions.
Grizzly reappeared alive in "Deadpool & Cable: Split Second".
==Powers and abilities==
Ace Fester wore a grizzly bear suit that is lined with steel to protect him from bullets. He can use his paws to manipulate rifles.
The A.I.M version uses a laser pistol in combat.
Maxwell "Max" Markham wears an exoskeleton bear suit which grants him superhuman strength and durability, designed by Professor Miles Warren and later modified by the Tinkerer. The Grizzly suit also has razor-sharp claws. As a former professional wrestler, he is adept in hand-to-hand combat.
Theodore Winchester is a mutant who was born with superhuman strength, speed, stamina, senses and size. His appearance is a furry reddish orange hide and he has razor-sharp fangs and claws. He sometimes utilized conventional firearms.
==Reception==
* In 2022, "CBR.com" ranked the Max Markham version of Grizzly 4th in their "Spider-Man's 10 Funniest Villains" list.
==Other versions==
===Age of Apocalypse===
In the Age of Apocalypse timeline, Theodore Winchester was a bestial mass murderer and one of Domino's minions. They worked for Apocalypse. They attacked Forge's resistance group, the Outcasts.
Grizzly was killed by Forge and Sonique after killing their friend Toad.
===Ultimate Marvel===
Ultimate Marvel's Grizzly was introduced in the second part of the "Cable" story arc starting in Ultimate X-Men #76. This version is from Ultimate Cable's future and seems to resemble a taciturn Native American with long, dark hair when in human form and more literally resembles a grizzly bear after transforming for battle. His present day counterpart appears in "Ultimate X-Men" #81 as a student at the school.
===1872===
During the "Secret Wars" storyline, a Wild West version of the Maxwell "Max" Markham version of Grizzly resides in the Battleworld domain of the Valley of Doom. He is a minion of Governor Roxxon alongside Bullseye, Elektra, and Otto Octavius where they are first seen intimidating Judge Franklin Nelson into leaving town so that he would not preside over Red Wolf's trial. Sheriff Steve Rogers and Red Wolf later fight the four villains, which ended with Otto Octavius getting killed in battle, Bullseye killing Sheriff Rogers, and Natasha Barnes diverting Elektra and Grizzly into another direction so that Red Wolf can escape. Red Wolf later fought Elektra and Grizzly again, where he managed to defeat them.
==In other media==
* The Maxwell "Max" Markham incarnation of Grizzly appears in "Ultimate Spider-Man", voiced by John DiMaggio. This version wears bear-themed armor and is on S.H.I.E.L.D.'s most wanted list.
- An unidentified, alternate universe-displaced incarnation of Grizzly makes a non-speaking cameo appearance in " as a prisoner of the Spider-Society.
- The Theodore Winchester incarnation of Grizzly appears as a boss in ", voiced by Keith Ferguson. This version works for Apocalypse. |
2936089 | 8713122 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2936089 | Curuzú Cuatiá | Curuzú Cuatiá is a city in the south of the province of Corrientes in the Argentine Mesopotamia. It had about 34,000 inhabitants at the 2010 census , and is the head town of the Curuzú Cuatiá Department.
The area has an undulated terrain, with many small rivers and streams that empty into the Paraná River in the west, or into the Uruguay River in the east. The climate is wet subtropical, with uniformly distributed annual rainfall of 1,200 mm on average. The average temperatures are 14.5 °C (winter) and 26 °C (summer), with recorded extremes of −3 °C and 44 °C respectively.
The city is served by an airport , located at .
==History==
The name "Curuzú Cuatiá" is of Guaraní origin and means "Engraved Cross". The early settlers (Spanish "conquistadores" and Jesuit missionaries from Uruguay) called it "Posta de Cruz" since the site was a crossroads, marked by a large cross with an inscription.
After the May Revolution that initiated the struggle for independence of Argentina from Spain, the army led by General Manuel Belgrano passed by. Belgrano solved a government conflict in the area by assigning the jurisdiction to the "Cabildo" of Corrientes. On 16 November 1810 he dictated the official foundation of the city, which (respecting the wishes and beliefs of the population) he named "Nuestra Señora de Pilar de Curuzú Cuatiá" ("Our Lady of Pilar of Curuzú Cuatiá").
The area saw several important battles during the centralist-federalist struggle, the most remarkable being the Battle of Pago Largo (31 March 1839) against Entre Ríos supporters of Juan Manuel de Rosas.
The town was officially assigned the category of village ("villa") on 9 October 1852, and became a city on 25 October 1888. |
2936092 | 477460 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2936092 | ALONtm | Aluminium oxynitride |
2936095 | 4899266 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2936095 | Li Liweng | Li Yu (1611–1680) |
2936098 | 319357 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2936098 | Ariwa | Mad Professor |
2936101 | 575347 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2936101 | David Porter McCorkle | David Porter McCorkle was a Confederate Lieutenant in the American Civil War.
He ran the Naval Ordnance Works at New Orleans which also served as a laboratory, principally manufacturing shot and shells, gun carriages for outfitting ships in the Confederate Navy.
In March or April 1862, before the city's capture in the Battle of New Orleans, he removed the ordnance and laboratory stores to Atlanta.
There, he established shops on lots leased from five different parties (leases to expire in May, 1864) and supplied a large number of projectiles until June 4, 1864 when General Joseph E. Johnston ordered him to remove to Augusta, Georgia.
McCorkle wrote to his supervisor, Catesby ap Roger Jones, on June 8:
I am moving the boilers and engines to-day. All the lathes, planes, steam hammer, etc., are already shipped, and, to crown all, they have given an order to move the hospitals, and I can not get cars enough to move.
In November, he was still at work building a foundry and other temporary structures, but was not at that time actually producing ordnance.
After the war, he joined the Peruvian Navy with John Tucker.
Shortly after the end of the Civil War, Peru, which was at war with Spain, invited CSN Admiral J.R. Tucker to join their Navy as a Rear Admiral, bringing with him two staff officers. Tucker accepted and went to Peru with Captain David Porter McCorkle and Commander Walter Raleigh Butt.
Following his resignation in 1871 from the Peruvian Navy, Tucker was appointed President of the Peruvian Hydrographical Commission of the Amazon. This Commission, which included David P. McCorkle, explored and surveyed the Upper Amazon River and its tributaries, discovered two new rivers, the Trinidad and the Herrera-yacu. |
2936102 | 925649 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2936102 | START III | START III (Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty) was a proposed bilateral arms control treaty between the United States and Russia that was meant to reduce the deployed nuclear weapons arsenals of both countries drastically and to continue the weapons reduction efforts that had taken place in the START I and START II negotiations. The framework for negotiations of the treaty began with talks in Helsinki between US President Bill Clinton and Russian President Boris Yeltsin in 1997. However, negotiations broke down, and the treaty was never signed.
Proposed basic elements of the treaty included:
- By December 31, 2007, coterminous with START II, the US and Russia would each deploy no more than 2,000 to 2,500 strategic nuclear warheads on intercontinental ballistic missiles, submarine-launched ballistic missiles, and heavy bombers. Russian officials stated that they were willing to consider negotiated levels as low as 1,500 strategic nuclear warheads within the context of a START III agreement.
- The US and Russia would negotiate measures relating to the transparency of strategic nuclear warhead inventories and the destruction of strategic nuclear warheads as well as other jointly agreed technical and organizational measures to promote the irreversibility of deep reductions.
The talks faced a number of obstacles. The Russian State Duma's refusal to ratify the START II treaty delayed the start of formal negotiations by more than two years after Yeltsin and Clinton completed the initial framework discussions in 1997. Ratification had been delayed because of Russia's opposition to Operation Infinite Reach, the NATO bombing of Serbia, eastward expansion of NATO, and America's plans to build a limited missile defense system (which would have required changes to or the US withdrawal from the 1972 Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty).
Very little progress was made towards completing negotiations on START III. Attempts at negotiating START III were eventually abandoned, and the US and Russia instead agreed to the Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty (SORT) or Moscow Treaty.
==In popular culture==
START III plays a large role in the 1998 video game, "Metal Gear Solid" in which a nuclear terrorist attack is scheduled on the date of the signing of START III, which is supposed to take place at the end of February 2005. |
2936107 | 737998015 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2936107 | The Gothic Movement | Gothic |
2936111 | 16490385 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2936111 | Norm Gallagher | Norman Leslie Gallagher (20 September 193126 August 1999) was a controversial Australian trade unionist, and Maoist who led the militant Builders Labourers Federation as federal Secretary and as Victorian State Secretary.
==Early life and career==
Gallagher was raised in Melbourne and joined the Builders Labourers Federation (BLF) in 1951. By 1970, he was elected as the BLF's Victorian State Secretary and radically improved pay and conditions on building sites. His militant leadership style initially united union factions but later alienated other union leaders and the Victorian Labor Government.
Gallagher was also a high-profile member of the Communist Party of Australia (Marxist-Leninist). He stated:
Our union had a long history of concern for the environment. The Sydney union in the early seventies raised the question of the name 'green ban'. We were a bit old fashioned. We still call them 'black bans'. For instance, we were involved in the conservation issues as far back as 1940 when they were going to build a small goods factory opposite the Royal Melbourne Hospital. We put a black ban on it, said that it would destroy the environment of that area. It would have had an effect on the patients of the Royal Melbourne Hospital.
As Secretary of the union, Gallagher also acted to preserve the distinct Melbourne boulevards such as Royal Parade from development and many historic buildings from destruction including the Regent Theatre and the City Baths. A BLF black ban also protected the historic Bakery Hill site in Ballarat, where huge mass meetings were held in 1854 during the Eureka rebellion, from development.
Gallagher faced many protests when he directed the Federal union to intervene in the affairs of the New South Wales branch of the union in the mid-seventies. Many of the democratic measures installed by the NSW Branch leadership by Jack Mundey, Bob Pringle and Joe Owens and others were scrapped and many of the democratically imposed green bans were lifted. Officials of the NSW Branch eventually urged members to join the imposed branch, but were themselves blacklisted from the industry by Federal Union officials. The Federal takeover of the NSW Branch was instrumental in calling off many of the imposed green bans, and the cancellation of the union's commitment to fighting for permanence in the building industry.
Following a Royal Commission into the BLF's business affairs, it was deregistered. Gallagher was convicted of obtaining building materials from construction companies while he himself was building a house in Gippsland. This was the first trial in Victorian history in which a jury was locked up for ten days until they delivered a verdict. On appeal, the trial and verdict were declared "unsafe" and a retrial was ordered. In the retrial he was found guilty of seventeen charges and sentenced to 18 months in jail. An appeal against the conviction was dismissed.
==Later life and death==
By 1992–1993, the officials, staff and members of the BLF were exhausted, with Gallagher himself in ill-health. Bereft of funds, the BLF was forcibly amalgamated into the CFMEU.
From 1988 up to his death in 1999, Gallagher played a vital role in the struggle to re-organise the Communist Party and was a member of the National Preparatory Committee of the Marxist-Leninist Communist Party of Australia.
Gallagher died in Melbourne on 26 August 1999. |
2936113 | 45382375 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2936113 | The Perfect Wagnerite | The Perfect Wagnerite: A Commentary on the Niblung's Ring (originally published London, 1898) is a philosophical commentary on Richard Wagner's "Der Ring des Nibelungen", by the Irish writer George Bernard Shaw.
Shaw offered it to those enthusiastic admirers of Wagner who "were unable to follow his ideas, and do not in the least understand the dilemma of Wotan." According to Shaw:
Shaw interprets the "Ring" in Marxian terms as an allegory of the collapse of capitalism from its internal contradictions. Musicologically, his interpretation is noteworthy for its perception of the change in aesthetic direction beginning with the final scene of "Siegfried", in which he claimed that the cycle turns from "Musikdrama" back towards "opera". |
2936115 | 7903804 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2936115 | Chief cell | In human anatomy, there are three types of chief cells, the gastric chief cell, the parathyroid chief cell, and the type 1 chief cells found in the carotid body.
==Cell types==
The gastric chief cell (also known as a zymogenic cell or peptic cell) is a cell in the stomach that releases pepsinogen and chymosin. Pepsinogen is activated into the digestive enzyme pepsin when it comes in contact with hydrochloric acid produced by gastric parietal cells. This type of cell also secretes gastric lipase enzymes, which help digest triglycerides into free fatty acids and di- and mono-glycerides. There is also evidence that the gastric chief cell secretes leptin in response to the presence of food in the stomach. Leptin has been found in the pepsinogen granules of chief cells.
Gastric pit cells are replaced every 2–4 days. This high rate of turnover is a protective mechanism designed to protect the epithelial lining of the stomach from both the proteolytic action of pepsin and the acid produced by parietal cells. Gastric chief cells are much longer lived and are believed to differentiate from stem cells located higher in the gastric unit in the isthmus. These stem cells differentiate into mucous neck cells in the isthmus and transition into chief cells as they migrate towards the base. Since the mucus neck cells do not divide as it becomes a chief cell this process is known as transdifferentiation. The gene Mist1 has been shown to regulate mucus neck cell to chief cell transdifferentiation and plays a role in the normal development of the chief cell organelles and structures.
The parathyroid chief cell is the primary cell of the parathyroid gland. It produces and secretes parathyroid hormone in response to low calcium levels. PTH plays an important role in regulating blood calcium levels by raising the amount of calcium in the blood. Parathyroid tissue seems to have a low turn-over rate.
==Histology==
Gastric chief cells are epithelial cells which are found within the gastric unit or gastric gland, and form the base of the gastric unit. The gastric chief cell has an extensive network of lamellar rough endoplasmic reticulum organized around the nucleus. The gastric chief cell also contains many large secretory vesicles filled with digestive enzymes in the apical cytoplasm.
Parathyroid chief cells make up the majority of the parathyroid gland along with adipocytes and oxyphil cells. Parathyroid chief cells have large amounts of organelles associated with protein synthesis. As in many endocrine organs, with age, more oxyphil cells appear in the parathyroid gland.
==Diseases==
In gastric tissue, a loss of parietal cells due to chronic inflammation has been shown to affect chief cell differentiation and can induce chief cells to transdifferentiate back into neck cells and can lead to the formation of mucus cell metaplasia known as spasmolytic polypeptide expressing metaplasia (SPEM) that could be precancerous. If parietal cells are lost, mature chief cells do not form. Parietal cells may secrete factors that lead to transdifferentiation of chief cells, so if lost, chief cells do not normally develop. |
2936116 | 46488678 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2936116 | Korean Minjok Leadership Academy | Korean Minjok Leadership Academy (KMLA; Korean: , Hanja: ; "Minjok Sagwan Godeunghakgyo", ) is a co-educational, independent boarding high school near the town of Hoengseong, Gangwon, South Korea, east of Seoul at an elevation of 600 meters (1,900 feet). Located on 1.27 square kilometers (314 acres), it is one of the largest institutions in terms of contiguous area in the nation. One of the most selective secondary boarding schools in South Korea, KMLA is reputable for the placement of its graduates at eminent universities. KMLA is a member of the G20 Schools group.
== History ==
School founder Choi Myung-Jae found reason in establishing KMLA upon a visit to England's Eton College in 1977, feeling the need for an institution of high character to nurture future global leaders in Korea.
Choi received government permission to establish the school in 1993. The first headmaster and faculty were appointed on 1 March 1995, and the school received its first students a year later. The gym was completed in December 1996, and Dasan Hall (one of the two main school buildings) was completed the following year.
The school's `English-only policy' (EOP) was established in January 1997 and was applied to all areas of the school except a few non-English classes. In the same year, Choi was appointed school director. In 1998, the school's three step education policy of teaching-discussion-writing was institutionalized, the first elections for the student council were held, and the "Minjok Herald" was first published. In 1999, the graduation of the first wave was held and the twelve-floor dormitory was completed. In 2000, Choi Kyung-Jong was appointed director.
In 2001, the school was certified as an Educational Testing Service AP test center and designated as an experimental independent private school by the South Korean government. In 2002, founder Choi Myung-Jae took office as the fourth headmaster. In 2003, the school held its first mathematics competition for middle school students, and the former minister of education, Lee Don-Hee was appointed headmaster that August. In 2004, the school inaugurated the Global Leadership Program for Students (GLPS), established an individual research program, and achieved certification to administer the SAT and PSAT.
In 2007, KMLA was highlighted by the US College Board as a "World Best School" in the Advanced Placement Program in seven subjects expanded from four subjects the year before—calculus, chemistry, microeconomics, macroeconomics, physics, and statistics. That same year, the Wall Street Journal listed the school's international program at No. 32 among schools that matriculated students to eight "most-selective" American colleges and universities. The school has an average SAT score of 2260.
With the commencement of the new semester in 2008, Cheong-il Yoon, Ph.D., former dean of education at Seoul National University, assumed the headmastership. Under his leadership, reforms have been initiated, namely the increased and systematized effort to fund raise as well as the plan to make international teachers comprise 30 percent of its faculty. In 2011, the KMLA's first music concert was held.
== Description ==
Some of KMLA's characteristics and policies are as follows:
- Support for the teachers' academic research;
- Individual college counseling for students regardless of field;
- Daily physical training (morning exercise) in forms of Taekwondo and Kumdo;
- Promotion of classes and clubs for Korean traditional music and arts, including Samul Nori, Daegeum, and Gayageum;
- Individual Research (IR) hours granted within the regular curricula;
- Unsupervised examination policy;
- Wide variety of clubs including athletic teams, orchestra, school bands, community service groups, student publications, craft workshop sessions, and peer tutoring.
=== Admission Process ===
The admission process of KMLA goes through three steps — a first round selection of students is admitted based on application forms containing school grades, essay, and extra curricular activities. Selected students then go through an interview, and a physical test (4 km track); those who achieve generalized top evaluations are admitted.
=== Achievements ===
Throughout school history, KMLA students have received awards in international competitions such as in Olympiads in science, mathematics, debating and philosophy. Approximately one-thirds of the graduates enroll in foreign universities, mostly in the United States. The annual cost of attending KMLA is estimated to be $15,800 (2008).
=== Symbols, song, and motto ===
The symbols of the school are Yi Sun-sin and Jeong Yak-yong. The school song is written in the form of sijo, folk song, and march. The school song consists of the school history and eventual goal of the school. Singing the song in morning assemblies and school events, students promote school pride and community spirit. Every Monday at the end of the morning assembly, all students and teachers stand up and sing the school song accompanied by the KMLA Orchestra or the Minjok Orchestra. The motto is as follows.
Endowed with national pride in heart, and our fatherland's bright future in mind, let us study not for the sake of personal gain but for the sake of learning itself. Let us not choose a career based on thoughts of personal advancement but choose a career based on talents and aptitude. Such is my true happiness, tomorrow's bright fatherland, and a better world for all.
==School life==
KMLA students are enrolled either on the domestic track (Minjok field) or on the international track, depending on their plans for college application. Beginning in 2008, KMLA has begun to select students without differentiation by separate tracks, enabling the students to make their decisions concerning college during their high school years without unnecessary pressure.
In the beginning years of KMLA, the entrance exam allowed only 20 to 30 passing students, but has steadily increased the number of new students from 2003. From 2004 to 2009, the school admitted 150 students. However, corresponding with the plans of the school to increase its size, an enrollment of around 160 students in 2010 marked the most recent entry of students into the school.
Although the largest number of KMLA students are from Seoul and Gyeonggi-do, students come from all over the country, as far as Jeju. Moreover, numerous students from nations abroad, including China, Canada, France, Japan, Australia, and the United States, have been granted admission.
===School Policies===
==== Morning Assembly ====
All students and teachers gather at the school gym every Monday on the 1st period for the weekly Morning Assembly. The assembly begins with the 의례단 entering the gymnasium, followed by the teachers. Students who are Korean citizens must sing the national anthem with honour and respect to the Korean flag. Every week, a teacher or student (sometimes both) give a speech on various topics, the most popular topic being school life. The two school orchestras, KMLA orchestra and Minjok Orchestra, take turns in performing the school song and national anthem during the assembly. During the Award Ceremony, awards are given to students who have performed well in contests in and out of school. The president of the Legislative Council also gives a small brief of the week's school events.
==== The English-Only Policy (EOP) ====
All students are required to speak in English from eight in the morning to six in the evening, Monday to Friday. Students who get caught violating the EOP twice in a week receive two penalty points. The purpose of EOP is as follows:English is only a tool to raise Korea to the highest level by accommodating diverse civilizations in accordance with Korean tradition. English Only Policy is merely a means, not an end in itself.Teachers are also recommended to give their lectures in English.
====Uniforms====
During all classes and the "Honjung" practice, students are required to wear the school uniform. The most common uniform is the modernized hanbok, called "saenghwalbok". Students wear this to most classes and are free to choose from up to a dozen different colors. There are seasonal variations for summer, winter, and spring/fall, varying in thickness, sleeve length, and fabric. All teachers wear hanbok too, freely chosen though.
During official school ceremonies such as the Morning Assembly, and Entrance/Graduation Ceremony, students are required to wear a formal, rather traditional uniform called "yebok". There are two types of "yebok", one for the summer season and one for the winter.
====Honjung====
"Honjung" (, ) is a traditional Korean practice during which scholars reflect on the day and pay gratitude to their parents. "Honjung" in KMLA is half an hour long in the evening ritualized in assembly dormitory rooms. Students direct their thanks to 'dorm parents', or dormitory supervisors, in proxy of their parents. Once the dorm parent finishes his or her moral discourse and announcement, all the students bow to the dormitory inspector. The afterward time is used to make announcements and to share celebratory events, like birthdays.
====Minjok Peer Tutoring====
Minjok peer tutoring is an effort in which students share their specific strengths with one another through one-on-one tutoring. The MPT program is designed to bring together students with strengths in different fields (math, science, humanities) to ensure a more rounded education of the entire student body. Students who wish to receive MPT register as "tutees" along with their desired subjects and the students who wish to teach register as "tutors" with their preferred subject to teach. Some students prearrange their lessons with their tutors, but for those who cannot, the MPT managers arrange the tutors and the tutees allowing efficient progress.
=== Education ===
==== School Year ====
Like other Korean high schools, the school year at KMLA officially begins in March and ends in February. Likewise, the official "entrance ceremony" of freshmen is in March, and the official "graduation ceremony" of seniors is in February. However, all students, including freshmen, are required to begin their first semester of the year in late January (During this month, sophomores and seniors attend classes, and freshmen go through an 'orientation' period where they get accustomed to the school), and seniors are allowed to leave the school in December.
==== Classes ====
Every student in KMLA belongs to one of four fields – domestic humanities, domestic natural sciences, international humanities, and international natural sciences. The division between fields are not as strict as in other Korean schools; students are not admitted proportionate to each field, students are free to change fields every semester, and except for Korean Language Studies, English, and Mathematics, students are free to choose whatever class they wish to take.
Some examples of classes include:
- SAT classes, such as SAT Physics, SAT Chemistry, and SAT Biology
- AP classes, such as AP Physics, AP Chemistry, AP Biology, AP Macro/Micro Economics, AP US History, AP US Government and Politics, AP Psychology, AP European History, AP World History, AP Computer Science, AP Environmental Science, AP English Language/Literature, and AP Comparative Politics
- Classes that follow the Korean curriculum, such as Physics I/II, Chemistry I/II, Biology I/II, Earth Science I/II Korean History, Law and Politics(법과 정치), Ethics, Cultural Science(사회문화),
- Advanced Classes, such as Advanced Physics, Organic Chemistry, Cellular Biology, Molecular Biology, and Positive Psychology
- and IR(individual Research) classes.
===Extracurricular Activities===
Hundreds of extracurricular activities are available at KMLA.
====Student Clubs====
There are many musical and dramatic groups at KMLA. The KMLA Orchestra is a symphonic group composed of more than sixty students. Daechita is a Korean ensemble that practices Korean royal music; they perform at the beginning of major school assemblies and other official functions. Musical theatre is performed by two groups: Stars on the Stage (closed as of 2020) and The Scene. The former puts on short performances at the annual school music concert, while the later performs full-length musical productions. Other musical groups include the Minjok Orchestra, the New Age of Ballad and Synergy ballad performance groups, rock clubs FITM and PLZ, a hip hop club Rhyme Factory, a samul nori group Samuchim, and a drama club Life is Drama.
Other student groups focus on arts and writing. Through the Lens is a photography club that hold exhibitions inside and outside of school. The "Minjok Herald" is and English-language school journal, and "Bulhui" is a Korean-language one. The "Herald" is a quarterly publication and a member of the National Scholastic Press Association.
The school participates in a variety of academic competitions. The mock trial won the 2010 Mock Trial Global competition held by Handong International Law School, and went on to defeat Team Australia at the second annual Korea-Australia Mock Trial Friendly Match. The English Debate Society won the 2009 European Schools Debating Championships (ESDC) tournament held in Stuttgart,Germany. In 2011, teams from EDS have won a number of tournaments in Korea, namely the National Schools Debating Championships (NSDC) as well as the Gwangju Youth Debating Championship.
Other clubs include a peer-counseling club Sock Sack Im, the school branch of Amnesty International, and economics club ECORUM, and astronomy club Apple Pie, and an environmental awareness club ENsiders.
====Student Government====
The purpose of the student council is to give students the opportunity to experience and take part in democracy during their school years. It leads students to develop creative leadership while experiencing both the tripartite political system and the duties as a representative. The student council consists of three main branches: executive, legislative, and judicial. There are fourteen departments that support and work with the three councils.
- Executive Council
- Legislative Council
- Judicial Council
The members of each council are elected every semester by popular vote. The Executive and Legislative Council consists of five members – one president and two vice presidents who are 11th graders, and two 10th grade members. The judicial branch consists of three members – one president, and two vice presidents. The 22nd student council was elected in September 2016.
The judicial branch manages the school court, where the students who violated the school regulation go every Thursday. The branch also tests the validness of the students' defending speeches, which if true can be excused from punishment. The number of penalty points the students receive from breaking the school regulation depends on the judicial branch's judgments. The judicial branch also cooperates with other two branches, the executive branch and legislative branch, to help amend problems in school regulations or systems.
The fifteen departments are: The Department of School Event Management, the Department of School Guidance, the Department of Food and Nutrition, the Department of Justice, the Department of Finance, the Department of Broadcasting, the Department of Library Management, the Department of Audit and Inspection, the Department of Public Information, the Department of EOP, the Department of School Environment, the Department of Education, the Department of School History, the Department of Physical Education, and the Department of Software and Technology.
===School campus===
*Dormitory: The dormitory is a 12-story building including student rooms, study hall, a cafeteria and bakery. 3 students share one room with individual beds and desks. Rooms are connected with a hallway and share a common bathroom.
- Minjok Cultural Center: Minjok Cultural Center is the center of Korean cultural education. Learning Korean traditions including Daegum, Gayageum, and Samul nori, students establish their identity as proud Koreans.
- Education Building: Education Building consists of two buildings, which are Chungmu-building and Dasan-building (above two buildings being named in tribute to two prominent figures of Korean history). There are science labs, a library, auditorium, computer labs, recording studios and practice rooms, a dance studio, as well as the bulk of teachers' individual laboratories.
- Gymnasium: Gymnasium is an indoor sports building with a gymnastics room in the basement. Such facilities allow students to enjoy many sports, despite the isolated location of KMLA, such as basketball, table tennis, Taekwondo, Kumdo, Volleyball, etc.
- Korean Archery Field :Practicing Korean traditional sports archery in this field, students train sound body and sound mind and pride for their nation.
- English Education Building Along with the English Only Policy, the English Education Building is solely devoted to English education. Many English teachers including several native speakers have laboratories in this building.
- Track Field : KMLA has a 400m track capable of international 2nd field and track event. Inside the track, there is a lawn soccer field with a few sprinklers. A tennis court and basketball court are located beside the track field.
===Athletics===
Every morning, students participate in morning exercise from 6:30 to 7:00. 10th graders either participate in Kumdo and Taekwondo, and all KMLA students, by the end of their first year, is officially registered in the Korean Kumdo Association or the Korean Taekwondo Association as an athlete. 11th graders are given a more diverse set of choices, including volleyball, softball, and jogging.
Physical Education classes are mandatory for all three years. 10th graders learn Korean Archery and Golf for a semester each. 11th graders can choose from basketball, soccer, and dance sports. 12th graders may choose from volleyball or table tennis.
The school fields both boys' and girls' basketball teams. The boys' team, known as "Crossover", won the Gangwon State Championships in 2009, 2010, and the Gangwon State Club Basketball Championship in 2010 and 2023. The girls' team, known as "Game Over", is the five time running Gangwon State Champion.
Baseball, soft ball, and T-ball are also played. The school baseball team was known as the "KBO". In 2010, the team won gold at the Gangwon baseball championship. It has since changed its name to "KMLA Baseball". The soft ball and T-ball clubs are known as "Play ball". In 2014, the T-ball team ranked second place in Gangwon-do.
Students can also participate in sports clubs. The following is a list of a few:
- Badminton
- Baseball
- Basketball
- Fencing
- Flag Football
- Football (soccer)
- Golf
- Korean Archery
- Kumdo
- Softball
- Swimming
- Table Tennis
- Taekwondo
- Tennis
- Volleyball
- Lacrosse |
2936118 | 1175886794 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2936118 | Marcelo Filippini | Marcelo Filippini (born 4 August 1967) is a former professional tennis player from Uruguay.
In 1996, Filippini played what was longest known game in ATP Tour history at Casablanca, going to deuce 20 times with Alberto Berasategui in one game of a 6–2, 6–3 first round loss. The game lasted 28 minutes (24-22 in total points for Berasategui).
Filippini's best performance at a Grand Slam event came at the French Open in 1999, where he reached (as a qualifier without dropping a set) the quarterfinals, defeating Laurence Tieleman, Martin Damm, Vince Spadea and Greg Rusedski before being knocked-out by eventual champion Andre Agassi. He also reached the quarterfinals of the 1993 Rome Masters. |
2936120 | 7852030 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2936120 | Abdul Rahim Khan-i-Khanan | Khanzada Mirza Khan Abdul Rahim (17 December 1556 – 1 October 1627), popularly known as simply Rahim and titled Khan-i-Khanan, was a poet who lived in India during the rule of Mughal emperor Akbar, who was Rahim's mentor. He was one of the nine important ministers (dewan) in Akbar's court, known as the Navaratnas. Rahim was known for his Hindustani dohe (couplets) and his books on astrology.
==Biography==
Abdul Rahim was born in Delhi, the son of Bairam Khan, Akbar's trusted guardian and mentor, who was of Turkic ancestry. When Humayun returned to India from his exile, he asked his nobles to forge matrimonial alliances with various zamindars and feudal lords across the nation. Humayun married the elder daughter of Khanzada Jamal Khan of Mewat (now the Nuh district of Haryana) and he asked Bairam Khan to marry the younger daughter.
The "Gazetteer of Ulwur (Alwar)" states:
After Babur's death, his successor, Humayun, in 1540 was supplanted as ruler by the Pathan Sher Shah Suri, who, in 1545, was followed by Islam Shah. During the reign of the latter, a battle was fought and lost by the emperor's troops at Firozpur Jhirka, in Mewat. However, Islam Shah did not lose his hold on power. Adil Shah, the third of the Pathan interlopers, who succeeded Islam Shah in 1552, had to contend for the empire with Humayun.
In these struggles for the restoration of Babur's dynasty the Khanzadas apparently do not figure at all. Humayun seems to have conciliated them by marrying the elder daughter of Khanzada Jamal Khan, nephew of Babur's opponent, Khanzada Hasan Khan Mewati, and by requiring his minister, Bairam Khan, to marry the younger daughter of the same Mewati.
The Khanzadas, the royal family of Muslim Jadon (also spelt as Jadaun) Rajputs, converted to Islam after Islamic conquest of northern India. Khanzada, is the Persian form of the Indic word 'Rajput'. The Khanzadas were believed to have converted to Islam from a branch of Hindu Rajputs. They were the Mewatti chiefs of the Persian historians, who were the representatives of the lords of Mewat State.
After Bairam Khan was murdered in Patan, Gujarat, his first wife and young Rahim were brought safely from Delhi to Ahmedabad and presented at the royal court of Akbar, who gave him the title of 'Mirza Khan', and subsequently married him to Mah Banu (Moon Lady) sister of Mirza Aziz Kokah, son of Ataga Khan, a noted Mughal noble.
Later, Bairam Khan's second wife, Salima Sultan Begum (Rahim's stepmother) married her cousin, Akbar, which made Abdul Rahim Khan-i-Khan also his stepson, and later he became one of his nine prominent ministers, the Navaratnas, or nine gems. Aside from being a poet, Rahim Khan was also a general and was sent to deal with the rebellions in Gujarat and later served as the overall commander in the campaigns in Maharashtra.
He received the position and title of "Khan-i-Khanan" (Generalissimus, Persian خان خانان, DMG khān-i khānān, meaning "Khan of Khans").
Abdul Rahim was known for his strange manner when giving alms to the poor. He never looked at the person he was giving alms to, keeping his gaze downwards in all humility. When Tulsidas heard about Rahim's behaviour when giving alms, he promptly wrote a couplet and sent it to Rahim:-
"ऐसी देनी देंन ज्यूँ, कित सीखे हो सैन" <br>
"ज्यों ज्यों कर ऊंच्यो करो, त्यों त्यों निचे नैन"
"Why give alms like this? Where did you learn that? Your hands are as high as your eyes are low"
Realising that Tulsidas was well aware of the reasons behind his actions, and was merely giving him an opportunity to say a few lines in reply, he wrote to Tulsidas saying:-
"देनहार कोई और है, भेजत जो दिन रैन" <br>
"लोग भरम हम पर करे, तासो निचे नैन"
"The Giver is someone else, giving day and night. But the world gives me the credit, so I lower my eyes."
He was considered a Persophile.
==Campaign against Mewar==
In 1580, Rahim was appointed as the chief of Ajmer by Akbar. Around the same time, Akbar appointed him to lead another campaign against Maharana Pratap in order to capture or kill him. Rahim placed his family in Sherpura and advanced against Mewar. Pratap took up a position on the hilly pass of Dholan to check the Mughal advance. Meanwhile, his son Prince Amar Singh invaded Sherpura and succeeded in capturing the women of Rahim's family and brought them to Mewar. However, Pratap rebuked his son for capturing the women and ordered him to return them back with honor to Rahim.
==Major works==
Apart from writing various "dohas", Rahim translated Babar's memoirs, "Baburnama", from the Chagatai language to the Persian language, which was completed in 1589–90. He had an excellent command of the Sanskrit language.
In Sanskrit, he wrote two books on astrology, Khetakautukam (Devanagari: खेटकौतुकम्) and Dwatrimshadyogavali (Devanagari: द्वात्रिंशद्योगावली).
== Tomb ==
His tomb is situated in Nizamuddin East on the Mathura road, near Humayun's Tomb, in New Delhi. He built it for his wife in 1598, and his body was placed in it in 1627. In 1753–54, marble and sandstone from this tomb was used in the construction of Safdarjung's Tomb, also in New Delhi.
In 2014, the InterGlobe Foundation and the Aga Khan Trust for Culture announced a project to conserve and restore Abdul Rahim Khan-i-Khanan's tomb.
The tomb sits prominently along the Mathura Road, formerly the Mughal Grand Trunk Road, and lies close to the Dargah of Nizamuddin Auliya and Humayun's Tomb. In 2020, after six years of restoration work by the Aga Khan Trust for Culture, Rahim Khan's tomb was opened to the public. It is one of the largest conservation projects ever undertaken on any monument of national importance in India. For its architecture and purpose, it has often been compared with Taj Mahal. |
2936124 | 477460 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2936124 | Alontm | Aluminium oxynitride |
2936131 | 13472456 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2936131 | Star Trek telepathy | Telepathy#In popular culture |
2936135 | 22041646 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2936135 | Local search | Local search may refer to:
- Local search (constraint satisfaction), a method for problem solving in constraint satisfaction
- Local search (Internet), web searching for web sites relevant to a given place
- Local search (optimization), a method for problem solving in optimization
- Local authority search, in the UK a search for information about a particular property and the surrounding area undertaken as part of conveyancing |
2936137 | 3729068 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2936137 | Christian peoples Alliance | Christian Peoples Alliance |
2936142 | 25046916 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2936142 | Brad Thorn | Bradley Carnegie Thorn (born 3 February 1975) is a New Zealand Australian rugby union coach and former rugby league and rugby union footballer. Born in New Zealand, he represented Australia in rugby league and New Zealand in rugby union in a twenty-two year career as a player, starting at age nineteen and finishing at age forty-one. He was the head coach of the Australian Super Rugby Pacific team, the Queensland Reds. Thorn is their second longest-serving coach in history and their longest serving coach in the professional era.
Thorn played rugby league for the Brisbane Broncos in the Australian National Rugby League (NRL) competition for a total of ten seasons in two spells, and represented Queensland in the State of Origin series. He played eight times for Australia – five for the Kangaroos, and three games for the Super League Australia team. His preferred position in rugby league was in the , though he was equally effective as a . In 2000 Thorn was awarded the Australian Sports Medal for his contribution to Australia's international standing in rugby league.
He first moved to rugby union in 2001 and, over two spells in the sport, became one of the most successful rugby union players. A lock, he was the first player to win a World Cup, a Super Rugby title and the Heineken Cup, despite only moving to the sport in his mid-twenties. He won fifty-nine international caps for New Zealand, and was part of the team that won the 2011 Rugby World Cup. Thorn holds the world record for the oldest player to play in the final of a World Cup match and win it, aged 36 years, 262 days vs France 23 October 2011.
==Early and personal life==
Thorn was born in Mosgiel, just outside Dunedin in south-eastern Otago. When Thorn was five-years-old, his family moved to south-central Otago (Cromwell/Bannockburn). Moving again, Thorn’s family left for Brisbane, Queensland, Australia when he was nine-years-old (1984), and was educated at Aspley East State School and Aspley State High School.
Growing up in the northern suburbs of Brisbane, Thorn played junior rugby league for Norths Aspley and Wests Arana Panthers.
With the help of Kangaroos teammate Jason Stevens, Thorn became a born-again Christian in 1998. Thorn stated to "The Times:" “I do feel now I have purpose, believe there is a God that loves me. I want be a good father and husband and in a footy context give my best.” A few years later, in 2011, Thorn said to "Stuff:" “I had money, a car, a house – I thought these things would make me happy. But once I got there and got all these things, I still felt unfulfilled. I felt empty ... it was only when I put my faith in Jesus that life changed for me.”
==Rugby league career==
===Brisbane Broncos===
====1994–2000====
Thorn made his first grade debut in the NSWRL for the Brisbane Broncos, who were then defending premiers, in the 1994 Winfield Cup season's 12th round against the Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs. At season's end he was awarded the club's rookie of the year award.
At the outbreak of the Super League war in 1995 Thorn, along with the rest of his Broncos teammates and players of several other clubs, was aligned with Super League and so ineligible for selection in the Australian Rugby League's 1995 State of Origin series or post-season 1995 Rugby League World Cup. The following year, when all players were again allowed to be selected for representative football, Thorn's debut for the Queensland Maroons came in Game I of the 1996 State of Origin series. He held his place at second-row forward for all three games of that series.
In the 1997 Super League season Thorn played in all three games for Queensland in that year's Super League Tri-series. He also made his international debut for Australia against New Zealand. Thorn won his first premiership with the Broncos when they defeated the Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks in the 1997 Super League grand final in Brisbane. In the 1997 post season, Thorn was selected to travel to England and play for Australia at prop forward in all three matches of the Super League Test series against Great Britain, scoring a try in the third and deciding test victory. It was on this tour that his front-row partner Jason Stevens helped convince Thorn to convert to Christianity.
Following the sport's re-unification under the National Rugby League, Thorn was selected in Game II of the 1998 State of Origin series. He also continued to represent Australia in all three Tests of the 1998 international series against New Zealand. Thorn also played at second-row forward in the Broncos' victory at the 1998 NRL Grand Final, winning his second premiership ring.
Thorn was selected to play for Queensland again in Game III of 1999 State of Origin series and all three matches of the 2000 State of Origin series. He then played at second-row forward for the Broncos in their 2000 NRL Grand Final win over the Sydney Roosters, claiming a third premiership.
====2005–2007====
In 2005 Thorn moved back to Brisbane and the National Rugby League, again playing with the Broncos for another three years. He enjoyed further representative selection for Queensland in all three games of the 2005 State of Origin series, scoring a try in Game II.
Thorn claimed another premiership ring when he played at second-row in the Broncos' 2006 NRL Grand Final victory over the Melbourne Storm. As 2006 NRL Premiers, the Broncos travelled to England to face 2006 Super League champions, St Helens in the 2007 World Club Challenge. Thorn played at second-row forward in the Broncos' 14–18 loss.
During the 2007 NRL season at the Broncos' 20-year anniversary celebration, the club announced a list of the 20 best players to play for them to date which included Thorn. At the close of the 2007 NRL season Thorn switched codes once again, moving back to New Zealand to continue his rugby union career.
==Rugby union career==
=== 2001–2004 ===
In 2001 Thorn moved to New Zealand and switched to rugby union, playing for the Crusaders in the Super 12 and Canterbury in the National Provincial Championship. He was part of the Canterbury squad that won the NPC in 2001. He had initially been picked for the end of year All Black tour in 2001 but he pulled out due to his own uncertainty of commitment to the 15-man game. In 2003, Thorn went on to play for New Zealand's All Blacks, appearing in 12 tests, including the 2003 Rugby Union World Cup. He thus became a dual rugby-code international, the second man in history (after Bill Hardcastle) to have represented Australia in league and New Zealand in union. In 2004 Thorn won the NPC with Canterbury. He also won the Tri-Nations with NZ in 2003.
=== 2008–2016 ===
Thorn signed with Tasman Rugby Union in October, 2007, making him again eligible for the Crusaders. He won the Super 14 competition with the Crusaders in 2008 against the Waratahs in superb style with a 20–12 win. He thus became the second person to win both a Super Rugby title and an NRL title. This feat was first achieved by Peter Ryan for the Brisbane Broncos in 1998 and the Brumbies in 2001, and since Thorn, only by former Crusaders teammate Sonny Bill Williams and Queensland Reds/Melbourne Storm player Will Chambers in 2012. After his contribution to the Crusaders, Thorn was selected for the All Blacks to play the first test of 2008 against Ireland in Wellington. He won a second Tri-Nations with New Zealand in 2008 and a third in 2010.
During the 2011 Super Rugby season, Thorn signed a deal to join Japanese club Fukuoka Sanix Blues in the Japanese Top League after the Rugby World Cup. On 23 October 2011, Thorn was part of the All Blacks team which won the Rugby World Cup 2011, beating France 8–7 in the Final.
In March 2012, during the Japanese off season, Thorn signed a 3-month short-term contract with European champions Leinster. Leinster went on to win the 2012 Heineken Cup and Thorn started at lock in the final. Achieving this title meant Thorn was the first player to win a World Cup, a Super Rugby title and the Heineken Cup. He has since been joined in this feat by Bakkies Botha, Danie Rossouw and Bryan Habana.
In October 2012, it was reported that Thorn has agreed in principle to join the Highlanders Super rugby franchise for the 2013 season. Thorn would be joining the Dunedin-based franchise with incoming World Cup final teammates Ma'a Nonu and Tony Woodcock both of whom were joining from the Blues in Auckland.
On 4 May 2013 against the Sharks in Dunedin Thorn played his 100th Super rugby game.
In 2014 a bicep injury which required surgery ended his season and called into question whether Thorn would be able to reach his stated goal of playing rugby union professionally until age 40. However, in August 2014, Thorn decided to extend his career once again, signing a deal with English club Leicester Tigers.
On 8 April 2015, Thorn announced that he would retire at the end of the 2014–15 season.
In 2016, Thorn came out of retirement, aged 41, and played for Queensland Country in Australia's National Rugby Championship.
===Playing longevity===
Thorn's extended playing career - 22 seasons as a professional - has been attributed to his professional approach, including focuses on stretching, listening to his body, and doing only light weights when he felt that was right for him. Thorn is known for his strength and his dedication to weight training throughout his career.
==Coaching career==
===Queensland===
In May 2015 Thorn was revealed to be a newly-appointed “Development/Forwards coach” of the Australian Super Rugby team, the Queensland Reds, starting in late 2015. His appointment was scheduled in preparation for the following season (2016). Following his appointment, Thorn held that he wasn't actually retired from playing and that if the Queensland Reds needed him to play, he'd be available: “There's always an urge. I didn't actually retire – I'm just playing less now ... If things were like dire straits, I'm happy to help out any way I can, but I think things are under control at the moment.” In 2016 it was also revealed that Thorn would be the assistant of one of the Queensland-based National Rugby Championship (NRC) teams, Queensland Country. While in the role with Queensland Country, Thorn was selected and played in two of their matches (round five, round six).
Before the start to the 2017 National Rugby Championship season, Thorn was announced as the new head coach of Queensland Country. Thorn's first season as the head coach of a rugby union team was very successful. With Queensland Country finishing the regular season second on the ladder, gaining a finals spot, the seasons success included a six win-streak from rounds two to round eight. The regular season also included Queensland Country winning the Horan-Little Shield for the first time. The team only held the trophy for one round however, as they lost at home to Perth Spirit the following week. In the first week of finals, the Queensland Country were placed against the Fijian Drua, whom were playing in their first NRC season. The Queensland Country had beaten the Drua just prior to their finals encounter. Queensland Country dominated the fixture overwhelmingly (winning 57–21), and, it stands as the second-largest finals victory by margin in the NRC's history.
====2018–2019====
With the Queensland Reds finishing fourteenth (of eighteen), and Brad Thorn having won his first trophy as a coach (and the first NRC title for Queensland Country), Thorn was appointed coach of the Queensland Reds in October 2017. Thorn was joined by Paul Carozza as second-in-command one month later, his assistant at Queensland Country. Scott Higginbotham was named team captain.
Thorn's first season as coach of the Reds (2018), although an improvement compared to prior seasons, was mediocre and inadequate. The Reds finished thirteenth on the overall standings (in front of only the Blues and the Sunwolves) and was the lowest-placed Australian team. Although Thorn's debut match as coach was a thumping loss to the Melbourne Rebels (45–19), Thorn's Reds went on a three-match win-streak beating the Brumbies 18–10 at home, the Bulls 20–14 at home, and the Jaguares 7–18 away. This initial successive start to the season under Thorn was a stark difference from previous years under the likes of Richard Graham, Matt O'Connor and Nick Stiles. Indeed, not since April 2013 did the Reds manage to string three consecutive wins together. Following the Reds' stoic win over the Jaguares in Buenos Aires, they were sitting fourth on the overall standings. Unfortunately that brief success to the start of the season was overturned as the Reds lost four-straight matches, sitting thirteenth overall after ten rounds. For the remainder of the season the Reds won three and lost five to finish the season in thirteenth with six wins and ten losses. The Queensland Reds were not the only Australian side to have a poor season. In fact, the 2018 Super Rugby season saw the New South Wales Waratahs as the only Australian team to finish in a finals position.
The following season (2019) saw better defence from the Reds, however they finished with the same points total and wins than the previous season. The Reds' win record was sporadic and often inconsistent. Throughout the entire season the Reds never finished above ninth.
====2020–2021====
After the break-up of the Super Rugby competition following-on from the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, the Reds were competing in the newly-created Super Rugby AU for the 2020 and 2021 seasons. With two highly successful seasons in the new competition, Thorn coached the Reds to runner-up in the 2020 season, and to the 2021 championship, defeating the ACT Brumbies. This was Thorn's second trophy as a rugby union coach, the trophies being between each other. The Reds were back to normalcy after resuming in the re-arranged Super Rugby Pacific for 2022.
====2022–2023====
The 2022 season has been the most successful season for Brad Thorn in a multi-country style Super Rugby competition. And the Reds were going in as Super Rugby AU champions. Indeed, the first four rounds were victorious for the Reds, beating all Australian other than the Brumbies in round five. The Reds won the next three matches and by the conclusion of the tenth round the Reds were sitting fourth overall (second-placed Australian team overall). The Reds won one match for the remainder of the season, finishing seventh overall. In the first finals series fixture the Reds lost to the Crusaders 37–15.
In April 2023, Thorn confirmed he will finish as coach of the Queensland Reds at the conclusion of the 2023 Super Rugby Pacific season.
==Honours==
===Rugby league===
Brisbane Broncos
- Super League title 1997
- 1997 World Club Championship
- NRL titles in 1998, 2000, and 2006
State of Origin
- 14 appearances for Queensland
- State of Origin titles with Queensland, 1998 and 1999
Kangaroos
- Eight Tests Matches for Australia
===Rugby union===
Canterbury
- NPC titles 2001 and 2004
- Ranfurly Shield holder
Crusaders
- 2008 Super Rugby title
- Combined 100 Super Rugby appearances with the Crusaders and Highlanders
New Zealand
- Bledisloe Cup 2003, 2008, 2009, 2010 and 2011
- Tri-Nations titles 2003, 2008 and 2010 (Undefeated in 2003 and 2010)
- Grand Slam 2008 and 2010
- 2011 Rugby World Cup champion
- 59 Test Matches for the All Blacks with a winning ratio of 86.44%
Leinster
- 2012 Heineken Cup title
===Awards===
* Brisbane Broncos, 1994 Rookie of the Year
- Brisbane Broncos award for Best Forward, 1997, 2000 and 2006
- Brisbane Broncos award for Most Consistent, 2005
- Brisbane Broncos award for Defence Play of the Year, 2007
- Identified as one of the Broncos' 20 best players to play for the club
- Australian Sports Medal for his contribution to Australia's international standing in rugby league
- Nominee for the 2010 New Zealand Rugby Player of the Year (the Kelvin R Tremain Memorial Trophy) |
2936149 | 1162189430 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2936149 | Mulla Do-Piyaza | Mulla Do-Piyaza (1527-1620) was the Advisor and Vizier of the Mughal emperor Akbar. Mulla Do-Piyaza, also portrayed as witty, was Birbal's rival. Even though these folk tales originated at the end of Akbar's reign (1556–1605), Mulla Do-Piyaza began to appear much later. Most scholars consider him to be completely fictional. Scholars believe him to be the son of loyal commander of Mughals Bairam khan, who was assassinated by Adham khan son of Maham Anga while on his way to Hajj. Later Mulla was adopted by Akbar as his courtier and even given dignity in Mughal court.
==Background==
In the folk tales, Mulla Do-Piyaza is depicted as Birbal's Muslim counterpart and as a proponent of orthodox Islam. Most of the time he is shown getting the better of both Birbal and Akbar, but there are other stories which portray him in a negative light.
No Mughal-era records mention any courtier called Mulla Do-Piyaza, and pamphlets on his life and jokes were published only in the late 19th century. One modern scholar, Hafiz Mahmood Shirani, states that Mulla Do-Piyaza was a historical personality whose original name was Abdul Momin, and who was born in India, left for Iran in 1582, returned after 36 years, died in 1620, and was buried in Handia. The manuscripts which mention him date back to an author who died in 1532—years before Akbar was born. According to C. M. Naim, Shirani's character is fictional and based on Persian folklore unrelated to Akbar. |
2936152 | 141808 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2936152 | Four Scottish Dances | Four Scottish Dances (Op.59) is an orchestral set of light music pieces composed by Malcolm Arnold in 1957 for the BBC Light Music Festival.
==The dances==
Arnold's set, or suite, consists of four dances inspired by, although not based on, Scottish country folk tunes and dances. Although the individual dances are not titled, each is denoted by a separate tempo or style marking.
The composer's notations in the score, including his metronome indications (M.M.), are:
- I. "Pesante" (♩ = 104)
- II. "Vivace" (♩ = 160)
- III. "Allegretto" (♩ = 96)
- IV. "Con brio" (♩ = 144)
While Arnold did not title the four pieces individually, his music publisher (Novello & Co) has provided notes, which are often employed by annotators for orchestral and concert programs. The first dance, Novello observes, is "in the style of a strathspey"; the second, a "lively reel." The song-like and graceful third dance evokes "a calm summer's day in the Hebrides"; while the last is "a lively fling."
The dances are collectively intended to evoke Scotland, and utilize timbres intended to imitate bagpipes, as well as musical devices such as reel and Scotch snap rhythms. The composer also employs comic elements, such as a "tipsy" middle section in the second dance, in which the ensemble abruptly slows from a lively "vivace" to "meno mosso" (quarter note = 112), whereupon a single bassoon plays a plodding solo marked by upward and downward slides, or "glissandi," as well as staggering, syncopated rhythms. (Beethoven employs a solo bassoon for somewhat similar comic effect in the rustic third-movement scherzo — "Merry Gathering of Country Folk" — of his Pastoral Symphony.)
The first performance was given at the Royal Festival Hall on 8 June 1957 with the BBC Concert Orchestra conducted by the composer.
==Instrumentation==
Source:
- Strings
- Strings
- Harp
- Woodwinds
- One piccolo
- One flute
- Two clarinets in B♭
- Two bassoons
- Brass
- Four horns in F
- Two trumpets in B♭
- Three trombones
- Percussion
- Timpani
- Cymbals
- Side drum
- Bass drum
- Woodblock
- Tam-tam
==Arrangements==
*for wind band by John Paynter, 1978
- for brass band by Ray Farr, 1984
- for wind quintet by Hugh Levey, 2022 www.woodwindly.com
- for piano by John York
- for piano & violin by David Gedge
==Selected commercial recordings==
*1959 Malcolm Arnold conducting the London Philharmonic Orchestra on Everest Records SDBR 3021 (re-released on Everest 9006).
- 1979 Malcolm Arnold conducting the London Philharmonic Orchestra on Lyrita LP and CD: SRCD.201
- 1996 Andrew Penny conducting the Queensland Symphony Orchestra on Naxos Records 8.553526 ("Sir Malcolm Arnold: Dances")
===Of John Paynter's wind band arrangement===
*1995 Jerry Junkin conducting the Dallas Wind Symphony on Reference Recordings RR-66CD ("Arnold for Band") |
2936154 | 11292982 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2936154 | Singapore Changi Airport awards and accolades | Changi Airport |
2936158 | 103451 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2936158 | Blockade running | Blockade runner |
2936161 | 146418 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2936161 | Local search (Internet) | Local search is the use of specialized Internet search engines that allow users to submit geographically constrained searches against a structured database of local business listings. Typical local search queries include not only information about "what" the site visitor is searching for (such as keywords, a business category, or the name of a consumer product) but also "where" information, such as a street address, city name, postal code, or geographic coordinates like latitude and longitude. Examples of local searches include "Hong Kong hotels", "Manhattan restaurants", and "Dublin car rental". Local searches exhibit explicit or implicit local intent. A search that includes a location modifier, such as "Bellevue, WA" or "14th arrondissement", is an explicit local search. A search that references a product or service that is typically consumed locally, such as "restaurant" or "nail salon", is an implicit local search.
Local searches on Google Search typically return organic results prefaced with a 'local 3-pack', a list of three local results. More local results can be obtained by clicking on “more places” under the 3-pack. The list of results one obtains is also called the Local Finder.
Search engines and directories are primarily supported by advertising from businesses that wish to be prominently featured when users search for specific products and services in specific locations. Google for instance, has developed local inventory ads and features ads in the local pack. Local search advertising can be highly effective because it allows ads to be targeted very precisely to the search terms and location provided by the user.
== Evolution==
Local search is the natural evolution of traditional off-line advertising, typically distributed by newspaper publishers and TV and radio broadcasters, to the Web. Historically, consumers relied on local newspapers and local TV and radio stations to find local product and services. With the advent of the Web, consumers are increasingly using search engines to find these local products and services online. In recent years, the number of local searches online has grown rapidly while off-line information searches, such as print Yellow Page lookups, have declined. As a natural consequence of this shift in consumer behavior, local product and service providers are slowly shifting their advertising investments from traditional off-line media to local search engines.
== Of directories, search engines and maps ==
One can search local information via search engines. These often return local search results from directories and maps. Google for instance, will present results from its directory (called Google Business Profile) in Google Maps and also in the search engine results pages in the form of a local pack. One can also look for local information by searching Apple Maps Search engines offer local businesses the possibility to upload their business data to their respective local search databases.
Other local search engines adjunct to major web search portals include general Windows Live Local, Yahoo! Local, and ask.com's AskCity. Yahoo!, for example, separates its local search engine features into Yahoo! Local and Yahoo! Maps, the former being focused on business data and correlating it with web data, the latter focused primarily on the map features (e.g. directions, larger map, navigation).
Local search, like ordinary search, can be applied in two ways. As John Battelle coined it in his book "The Search," search can be either recovery search or discovery search.
This perfect search also has perfect recall – it knows what you’ve seen, and can discern between a journey of discovery – where you want to find something new – and recovery – where you want to find something you’ve seen before.
This applies especially to local search. Recovery search implies, for example, that a consumer knows who she is looking for (i.e., Main Street Pizza Parlor) but she does not know where they are, or needs their phone number. Discovery search implies that the searcher knows, for example, what she wants but not who she needs it from (i.e., pizza on Main Street in Springfield).
In February 2012, Google announced that they made 40 changes to their search algorithm, including one codenamed "Venice" which Google states will improve local search results by "relying more on the ranking of (Google's) main search results as a signal", meaning local search will now rely more on organic SERPs (Search Engine Result Pages).
== Local search results ==
Google can show a business's information in mobile or desktop google search results, or/and in mobile and desktop google maps results. Local search results displayed by google often include a local pack, that currently displays three listings.
== Ranking factors ==
Major search engines have algorithms that determine which local businesses rank in local search. Primary factors that impact a local business's chance of appearing in local search are proper categorization in business directories, a business's name, address, and phone number (NAP) being crawlable on the website, and citations (mentions of the small business on other relevant websites like a chamber of commerce website).
In 2016, a study using statistical analysis assessed how and why businesses ranked in the local packs and identified positive correlations between local rankings and 100+ ranking factors. Although the study can’t replicate Google’s algorithm, it did deliver several interesting findings:
- backlinks showed the most important correlation (and also Google’s Toolbar PageRank, suggesting that older links are an advantage since the Toolbar has not been updated in a long time)
- Sites with more content (hence more keywords) tended to fare better (as expected), especially when the page has the local cities name within the text content and meta data
- Quality of citations such as low number of duplicates, consistency and also a fair number of citations, mattered for a business to show in local packs. However, for businesses within the pack, citations did not influence their ranking: “citations appear to be foundational but not a competitive advantage."
- Having a verified Google Business Profile Page with reviews and photos also showed a positive correlation (with ranking)
- The authors were instead surprised that geotargeting elements (city and state) in the title of the Google Business Profile landing page did not have any impact on Google Business Profile rankings. Hence they suggest to use them only if it makes sense for usability reasons.
- Keywords in a business name carry significant weight in local search algorithms, and have led to a rise in business name spam. Google's December 2021 Vicinity Update placed more importance on proximity as a ranking factor and decreased the significance of adding keywords in a business name on Google Business Profile.
== Private label local search ==
Traditional local media companies, including newspaper publishers and television and radio broadcasters, are starting to add local search to their local websites in an effort to attract their share of local search traffic and advertising revenues in the markets they serve. These local media companies either develop their own technology or license "private label" or "white label" local search solutions from third-party local search solution providers. In either case, local media companies base their solution on business listings databases developed in-house or licensed from a third-party data publisher.
== Social local search ==
Local search that incorporates internal or external social signals could be considered social local search-driven. The first site to incorporate this type of search was Explore To Yellow Pages. Explore To uses Facebook Likes as one of the signals to increase the ranking of listings where other factors may be equal or almost equal. Typical ranking signals in local searches, such as keyword relevancy and distance from centroid can, therefore, be layered with these social signals to give a better crowdsourced experience for users. More recently, social media sites Facebook, Foursquare, LocalMate and Zappenin have become more directly involved in local search by updating their mobile apps with features to help people discover new businesses to visit.
== Mobile local search ==
Several providers experimented with providing local search for mobile devices, but on March 5, 2020, Google was the first to announce mobile-first indexing by default shifting the focus of optimization from desktop to mobile. Some of these are location aware. In the United States, Google previously operated an experimental voice-based locative service (1-800-GOOG-411) but terminated the service in November, 2010. Many mobile web portals require the subscriber to download a small Java application, however, the recently added .mobi top level domain has given impetus to the development of mobile targeted search sites are based upon a standard mobile-specific XML protocol that all modern mobile browsers understand. The advantage of mobile responsive website development is that no software needs to be downloaded and installed, plus these sites may be designed to simultaneously provide conventional content to traditional PC users by means of automatic browser detection.
== Business owners and local search ==
Electronic publishers (such as businesses or individuals) who would like information such as their name, address, phone number, website, business description and business hours to appear on local search engines have several options. The most reliable way to include accurate local business information is to start claiming business listings through Google's, Yahoo!'s, or Bings's respective local business centers.
Business listing information can also be distributed via the traditional Yellow Pages, electronic Yellow Page-style data aggregators, and search engine optimization services. Some search engines will pick up on web pages that contain regular street addresses displayed in machine-readable text (rather than a picture of text, which is more difficult to interpret). Web pages can also use geotagging techniques.
== Google Business Profile==
On May 30, 2012 Google launched Google+ Local, a simple way to discover and share local information featuring Zagat scores and recommendations from the people you trust on Google+.
On June 11, 2014 Google launched Google Business Profile which replaced Google+ Local. Google Business Profile has more features and connects with AdWords to make an all-in-one small business online management center.
Reviews on Google Business Profile can be written by anyone regardless of whether they have actually had experience with the business. It's not uncommon for less honorable "reputation management" companies to post fraudulent negative reviews and then call the business offering to remove the fake reviews for a fee. Google has a posted policy that states all reviews "should accurately represent the location in question. Where contributions distort the truth, we will remove content." In reality, the Google Business Profile support staff almost never removes fraudulent reviews and appears to be more interested in encouraging business owners to spend money on Adwords than in actually ensuring the accuracy of the Google Business Profile information. |
2936171 | 42342156 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2936171 | Certco | CertCo |
2936175 | 279219 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2936175 | Boeing Wichita | Spirit AeroSystems |
2936181 | 279219 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2936181 | Boeing Tulsa | Spirit AeroSystems |
2936182 | 279219 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2936182 | Boeing, Tulsa | Spirit AeroSystems |
2936183 | 279219 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2936183 | Boeing, Wichita | Spirit AeroSystems |
2936184 | 16490385 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2936184 | Sam Thaiday | Samuel Arthur Thaiday (; born 12 June 1985) is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played for the Brisbane Broncos in the National Rugby League, serving as their captain from 2012 until 2013. An Australian international and Queensland State of Origin representative , he could also play and as well as and spent all of his career at the Broncos, with whom he won the 2006 premiership. In 2008, Australia's centenary of rugby league and Thaiday's sixth year at the top level, he was one of only three current players to be named in the Indigenous Australian rugby league team of the century. On 6 July 2018, Thaiday announced his intention to retire from the NRL at the end of the 2018 season.
He currently plays for the Samford Stags in the Brisbane open men’s division 2 competition.
==Background==
Thaiday was born in Sydney, New South Wales and moved to Townsville, Queensland at the age of four years. He is of Torres Strait Islander descent. He played junior rugby league for the Brothers club in Townsville as well as attending Kirwan State High School. His cousin Milton Thaiday also became an NRL footballer.
Thaiday then moved to Brisbane to complete a degree in medicine and resided at St Leo's College. He graduated with a GPA of 6.75 in medicine and was part of the Leo's executive team with the renowned title, 'Shed'.
Thaiday's father, Billy, was born on Yam Island in the Torres Strait and was working on Thursday Island, before becoming part of the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF). He signed up for RAAF, when needed the RAAF needed men and women from the Torres Strait Islands to serve in mainland Australia. His mother, Julie Thaiday, grew up in rural Western Australia and also served in the Royal Australian Air Force.
==Playing career==
===2000s===
Thaiday was signed in 2002 by the Brisbane Broncos after coach Wayne Bennett watched him brawl with Sonny Bill Williams and Tom Learoyd-Lahrs in an under-17s interstate game. On 11 July 2003, aged 18, he made his National Rugby League debut for the Broncos against the Bulldogs in round 18 of the 2003 NRL season. It was to be his only appearance of the season. He followed it up with 8 appearances off the bench in the 2004 NRL season, before featuring in 14 matches in the 2005 NRL season. He started for the first time in his career in Round 2 of that season, however, played the other 13 matches off the bench. Thaiday scored his first career try in Round 26 of 2005 against the Parramatta Eels.
Solid form in the first 10 weeks of the Broncos season earned Thaiday a spot on the Queensland bench for game one of the 2006 State of Origin series. He was also selected on the bench for the following two games for the Maroons, who went on to win the series. After that, when the Broncos were in the "slump that wasn't a slump", coach Wayne Bennett moved Thaiday from the bench to the starting side. This, among other changes, saw the Broncos' season turn around, and they ended up winning the 2006 NRL Grand Final. Thaiday was selected for his international debut for the Australian national team in Game 2 of the 2006 Tri-Nations against New Zealand after concussion ruled Willie Mason out. He would also feature against Great Britain 2 weeks later, however did not play in Australia's victory in the Final.
As 2006 NRL Premiers, the Brisbane Broncos travelled to England to face 2006 Super League champions, St Helens R.F.C. in the 2007 World Club Challenge. Thaiday played from the interchange bench in the Broncos' 14-18 loss. In the 2007 NRL season Thaiday suffered an injury to the bone around his eye socket and missed all three games of the 2007 State of Origin series for the Queensland Maroons while waiting to recover. In a Round 2 match against the New Zealand Warriors, with regular goal kickers Darren Lockyer and Corey Parker missing from the side, Thaiday stepped up to take 2 conversion attempts, making 1 of them. Thaiday struggled to find a place in the Broncos side in 2007, bouncing from between the bench and the starting back row while also lining up at lock and five-eighth. He made his 50th first-grade appearance in the NRL in 2007 and re-signed with the Broncos until the end of 2009. Due to his indifferent form, he failed to be selected for either of Australia's two test matches in 2007.
In the 2008 NRL season Thaiday was back in form and started the year with a bang, winning back to back man of the match awards in rounds eight and nine to earn himself a starting spot in the 2008 State of Origin series. After scoring only 4 tries in his previous 5 seasons, he bagged 8 in 2008, including an impressive haul of 5 in 4 games between Round 18 and Round 21. It would be the most tries scored in a season across his career.
He was named in the Australia training squad for the 2008 Rugby League World Cup, however did not make the final squad.
In April 2009, Thaiday was named in the 25-man Queensland squad before the opening match of the 2009 State of Origin series. He was named man of the match in the second game of the series.
At club level, Thaiday continued to consistently perform for Brisbane.
At the end of that season, Thaiday played for Australia in its successful 2009 Four Nations campaign in Europe, playing 3 matches off the bench and representing his nation for the first time since 2006.
===2010s===
For the 2010 ANZAC Test, Thaiday was selected to play for Australia at second-row forward and was named man of the match in its victory against New Zealand. During his career, Thaiday was often attacked for how he plays the game, most notably his tendency to enter brawls and scuffles late to "protect" his teammates. In the 2010 State of Origin series Thaiday was much maligned by NSW Blues fans for how he played the game. In Game 2, Luke O'Donnell performed a dangerous tackle that sparked an all-in brawl, the likes of which hadn't been seen for several years. Most notable was a moment towards the end of the melee in which O'Donnell could be seen to headbutt and then uppercut Queensland's Dave Taylor, after which Thaiday re-entered the fray and punched O'Donnell twice. Speaking on his involvement Thaiday said, "I saw the headbutt and I made a bee-line straight over to it. That's just not football; fair is fair if you want to punch on with a bloke I'm all for that. But headbutting - that's a bit below the belt". In a 2010 NRL game, between the Broncos and the North Queensland Cowboys, Thaiday again came under criticism, again for entering a fight as the "Third-man-in" (though technically he was fourth). The NRL match review committee chairman Greg McCallum issued Thaiday a warning for his repeat infringements and threatened him with a ban. McCallum said that Thaiday was treading a fine line rushing in to "protect" teammates he felt had been aggrieved. Thaiday continued his consistent performances for Brisbane, cementing his place as a starter in the side. Thaiday scored his first Origin try in Game 1, proving the difference in their 28-24 victory. Queensland would go on to win the series 3-0, the first series sweep since 2000. Thaiday also featured in all 5 of Australia's test matches, all as a starter. Thaiday also featured in the inaugural All-Stars match before the start of the season, lining up for the Indigenous All Stars in their 16-12 victory.
In 2011 it was announced that Thaiday would be the Broncos' captain for the following season, taking over from the retiring Darren Lockyer despite the return to the club of former Broncos favourite Petero Civoniceva. An experiment with starting Thaiday at prop was abandoned by Round 8, with him returning to the back row for the rest of the season. Thaiday missed the Broncos first two finals matches through suspension, however, returned to captain the Broncos in Lockyer's absence in the Preliminary Final against the Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles, leading his side to a gallant 26-14 defeat in his first NRL match as captain. Thaiday once again featured in all 3 matches in the State of Origin. After the 2011 NRL season, Thaiday travelled with the Australian national team to Britain for the 2011 Four Nations tournament, appearing in all 4 matches in the tournament to take his season test tally to 6. In the Final against England, Thaiday scored his first international try. On 3 November 2011 The annual RLIF Awards dinner was held at the Tower of London and Thaiday was named second-row forward of the year.
Thaiday again featured in the front row sporadically in the 2012 season, however, this was mostly due to injury. As captain, Thaiday came under criticism for the Broncos inability to win tight matches and was particularly under fire when they lost six consecutive matches late in the season. Despite this, Brisbane scraped into the finals in the eighth position, being eliminated in a 33-16 loss to the North Queensland Cowboys in the first week. Thaiday played for Australia in its victory in the 2012 ANZAC Test against New Zealand. He also played in Game I of the 2012 State of Origin series but had to pull out of Game II with a shoulder injury. He would return for Game 3 and return to the Test arena at the end of year test.
Thaiday's switch to front row seemed to be made permanent in the 2013 NRL season, starting his first 14 games in that position before once again reverting to the second row. An inconsistent season saw the Broncos miss the finals for the first time since 2010, with Thaiday criticised for not getting the team on track for "Life after Locky". Thaiday was selected for Australia in the 2013 ANZAC Test and played at second-row forward. In what was the first test match ever played in Canberra, New Zealand were defeated. Thaiday played at second-row forward in all three games, and scored a try in the 2nd game, of the 2013 State of Origin series in which Queensland extended its record for consecutive series victories to eight. He featured 5 times for Australia in the 2013 Rugby League World Cup, playing a key role in their success.
In 2014, Thaiday failed to play 20 games for the first time since 2007, missing much of April and all of May through injury. He had also stepped down as captain, with Corey Parker leading the side. Thaiday was again moved from his standard second-row position, this time playing Lock in the back half of the season, as the Broncos again finished eighth and again were eliminated in the first week by the Cowboys. Thaiday missed Game 1 of the 2014 State of Origin series but returned to play in the second and third games as Queensland lost the series for the first time since 2005, also marking the first time in his Origin career that Thaiday had lost a series. He also missed the ANZAC test but reclaimed his spot for the 2014 Four Nations.
In 2015, Thaiday returned to his best under supercoach Wayne Bennett. He started the season switching between the second row, prop, lock and the bench, before cementing a spot at prop in Round 18 and holding it for the remainder of the season. Thaiday featured in the second grand final of his career, starting at prop in the Broncos heartbreaking 17-16 defeat, once again to the Cowboys. He featured in all 3 games of Queensland's successful Origin campaign and featured in Australia's victorious ANZAC Test.
In 2016, Thaiday was selected to play for Queensland in the 2016 state of origin series. After Queensland emerged victorious in game 1 of the series, Thaiday was interviewed post-match by Brad Fittler. Fittler had asked how it felt defeating New South Wales after a tough match. Thaiday told Fittler "It was a bit like losing your virginity, it wasn't very nice but we got the job done". On the field, Thaiday's production began to noticeably decline. He began the season coming off the bench, however, returned to his usual position in the second row after Round 19. The Broncos were able to finish fifth in an extremely tight 2016 NRL season, before falling to the Cowboys yet again, this time in the second week. He once again featured in all 3 Origin games, however, was relegated to the bench for Australia, playing the entire 2016 Four Nations in that role.
In 2017, Thaiday's decline was showcased to the rugby league community. He spent much of the 2017 NRL season on the bench, sporadically appearing in the back row, before finding a spot at hooker then at prop by the end of the season. Thaiday was relegated to the bench for Queensland under new coach Kevin Walters, before being dropped entirely following Queensland's Game 1 defeat, ending his Origin career. Similarly, his Australian career ended after the ANZAC Test.
====Retirement====
On 6 July 2018, Thaiday announced his retirement from rugby league in bizarre circumstances. Thaiday dressed as an elderly man and had called a press conference outside a Brisbane retirement home to confirm he would draw the curtain on his 16-season career. Thaiday explained why he had dressed in such a way saying "I’ve always been a bit different in everything I’ve done but I’ve always been true to myself and done things my way".
A week after his announcement, after the Broncos played the Warriors at Suncorp Stadium, the Warriors offered Thaiday a farewell with the team, wishing him the best for the future. "We did the same thing with (Johnathan Thurston) a couple of weeks ago … we think it’s important the people that have been a big part of the game and achieved everything, it’s important for our group to show some respect for them", Blake Green said.
In the 2018 NRL season, Thaiday again started at prop for a majority of the season. In Round 22 of the season, Thaiday played his 300th first-grade match, ironically against the Cowboys. Thaiday's last regular-season match was played in front of a sellout crowd at Suncorp Stadium, as fans watched the Broncos defeat Manly. The Broncos returned to Suncorp a week later in an Elimination Final match with the St George Illawarra Dragons. Despite being heavy favourites, the Broncos capitulated 48-18, being knocked out and ending Thaiday's career.
Thaiday is widely considered an NRL great, appearing in 304 matches, all for the Brisbane Broncos. Despite only scoring more than 5 tries in a season once, Thaiday's long career resulted in a career total of 40 tries. He featured 29 times for Queensland, becoming a key piece of the side which won 10 Origin titles in 11 seasons. He represented his country 34 times, winning a Tri-Nations, 3 Four Nations and a World Cup title.
== Accolades ==
Dally M Second Rower of the Year: 2010, 2011
Ron McAuliffe Medal: 2010
Ken Stephen Memorial Award: 2011
RLIF Second Rower of the Year: 2011 |
2936185 | 279219 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2936185 | Boeing Wichita facility | Spirit AeroSystems |
2936186 | 279219 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2936186 | Boeing Tulsa facility | Spirit AeroSystems |
2936189 | 3729068 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2936189 | Spirit aerosystems | Spirit AeroSystems |
2936190 | 7949351 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2936190 | Bancroft Mills | Bancroft Mills is an abandoned mill complex along Brandywine Creek in Wilmington, Delaware, United States. It has been the site of some of the earliest and most famous mills near Wilmington and was the largest and longest running complex along the Brandywine.
== History ==
=== Establishment and Change of Leadership: 1831–1895 ===
Joseph Bancroft (1803–1874), an English immigrant who had worked in the Midlands textile industry, established Bancroft Mills in 1831. The mill was rebuilt following an 1839 flood and was expanded several times, including a large 1895 expansion. By 1880, the mill was already the largest cotton finishing mill in the United States. Joseph Bancroft's son Samuel Bancroft, publisher of the Wilmington newspaper "Every Evening" and a major philanthropist, took control in the 1880s. His collection of pre-Raphaelite paintings formed the basis of the Delaware Art Museum. His brother William Poole Bancroft donated nearby land to start Wilmington's extensive park system, and his donation for a public library is also considered the beginning of the Wilmington Public Library.
=== Consolidation and Innovation: 1895–1961 ===
The mills were consolidated in 1895 by the Bancroft family partnership, which was soon reformed into a corporation. While other mills produced high-quality cloth, the Bancroft Mills were noted for their technological innovation and for finishing cloth that had been produced elsewhere. They were especially noted for producing fabric window shades. Bancroft introduced the mercerizing process into the United States, and pioneered the use of synthetic fabrics in weaving. They introduced the first permanent crease fabrics and Ban-Lon.
As textile producers left the northeastern United States for the southern states, the production buildings of Bancroft Mills closed in 1961 and the Bancroft Company was purchased by Indian Head Mills, Inc.
=== Re-purposing of the Mills ===
The complex was recently owned by Wilmington Piece Dye company which went bankrupt in May 2003. The site was then bought by O'Neill Properties Group, a company specializing in the renovation and revitalization of disused or potentially dangerous parcels of land. In September 2015, Bancroft Mills became a large luxury condominium complex, called Rockford Falls. Today the complex stands as a reminder of the significant milling history of the Brandywine Valley.
Around 1:30 a.m. May 2, 2015, a fire was reported at the site. Wilmington FD as well as Volunteer Fire Companies from New Castle County in Delaware as well as companies from Chester and Delaware Counties from Pennsylvania responded. The building was currently under demolition.
Early in the morning of November 9, 2016, fire engulfed a large section of the abandoned property, destroying several of the historic mill buildings. As of that day the cause had not yet been determined. The rest of the Bancroft Mills, including its last remaining chimney and factory buildings along the creek, were completely demolished after the most recent fire. The land was next purchased by Delaware-based real estate company Capano Management, which has been rebuilt into new luxury apartment homes called The Falls.
== Innovations in Textile Production ==
In the 1930s, Bancroft Mills patented two different production processes. Ban-Lon is a type of rayon that is bulkier than standard yarns and Everglaze was a cotton finishing process that made the fabric more dense like wool. Ban-Lon was very popular in the 1960s and 1970s making the licensing of it a profitable business for the company. In 1961, the Mills stopped producing textiles and began to rely on the royalties from their patents.
== Miss America Sponsorship ==
From the 1940s through the 1960s, the Bancroft Company became the primary sponsor of the Miss America Pageant. The sponsorship was an effort to promote its patented textile production processes by having Miss America contestants wear clothing made of Ban-Lon and Everglaze. During these years, the Bancroft Company put money towards scholarships for Miss America winners and, in return, Miss America contestants were required to take photo shoots wearing their products. |
2936191 | 45718052 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2936191 | Information Technology Architect Certification | The IT Architect Certification is an independent global certification program for qualifying the skills, knowledge and experience of IT, Business and Enterprise Architects. This program was developed by The Open Group members in response to the growing demand for experienced IT architects. The Open Group, a vendor- and technology-neutral industry consortium, offers IT Architect Certification to certify skills and experience in the IT architecture community.
==The Program==
The program is based on the proven best practices in the industry and sets an independent, industry-wide standard for IT Architects...
Under the program, practicing IT Architects can achieve the certification based on demonstrating substantial skills, experience and success in designing solutions across the whole lifecycle. In addition to certifying individuals directly, the program also provides accreditation of third-party IT architect certification programs. The skill and experience requirements for both the Direct Certification and the Accredited programs are the same. The first accredited program (IBM's) was announced in January 2006. In addition, a franchise option is available to professional societies and other eligible organizations. Accenture started in 2006 with a similar Master Technology Architect Certification Program to qualify and recognize professionals not just on expertise but also on experience and track record
===Certification levels===
Certification is available at two levels: Master Certified IT Architect "(candidates must be able to perform independently and take responsibility for delivery of systems and solutions as lead architects)", and Certified IT Architect "(candidates must be able to perform with assistance/supervision, with a wide range of appropriate skills, as contributing architects)".
====Level 1====
Certified IT Architect candidate is able to perform with assistance/supervision, with a wide range of appropriate skills, as a contributing architect. Certified IT Architect Candidates must be practicing Enterprise / IT Architects and have at least two years' experience developing IT architectures with supervision; for example, through mentoring. They are expected to have the ability to produce architectures with occasional assistance from more experienced IT Architects (e.g., Master Level IT Architects).
====Level 2====
Master IT Architect / Master Certified IT Architect - able to perform independently and take responsibility for delivery of systems and solutions as lead architect. Certified Master IT Architect Candidates must be practicing Enterprise / IT Architects and have at least three years recent experience of developing IT architectures. They must demonstrate having core foundation skills that include people skills, project management skills and architecture skills, and meet requirements related to experience, professional development, and contribution to IT Architecture community. All requirements must be documented in the application.
====Level 3====
Distinguished IT Architect / Distinguished Certified IT Architect – effects significant breadth and depth of impact on the business via one of three advanced career paths: Chief/Lead Architect, Enterprise Architect or IT Architect Profession Leader.
IT Architects that have been certified are listed in a publicly available directory of Certified IT Architects. |
2936193 | 46022688 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2936193 | Conference Board of Canada | The Conference Board of Canada is a Canadian not-for-profit think tank dedicated to researching and analyzing economic trends, as well as organizational performance and public policy issues.
Describing itself as "objective" and "non-partisan", the Conference Board of Canada claims not to lobby for special interests. It is funded through fees charged for services delivered to the private and public sectors alike. The organization conducts, publishes and disseminates research on various topics of interest to its members. It publishes research reports, conducts meetings, holds conferences and provides on-line information services, which aim to develop individual leadership skills and organizational capacity.
The Conference Board of Canada was established in 1954 as a division of the American National Industrial Conference Board, now simply known as The Conference Board. The Conference Board of Canada acquired a separate legal identity in 1981, and currently has over 200 employees, mostly based out of its main office in Ottawa. It is currently registered as a Canadian charitable organization and maintains a presence across Canada with an office in Calgary and an affiliate in Quebec, L'Institut du Québec.
Dr. Susan Black is the President and Chief Executive Officer of The Conference Board of Canada.
==Services==
* e-Library: Research reports, webinars and conference proceedings available to subscribers.
- e-Data: Data underlying the Conference Board's economic forecasts. U.S., Canadian, Provincial, Territorial, 28 Canadian Census Metropolitan Areas, and 16 Canadian Industries.
- Conferences: Conferences, seminars and workshops on various themes related to Conference Board research.
- Networks: Executive networks, councils, centres and working groups on various topics.
- Leadership development: Programs and courses delivered through Conference Board affiliate, the Niagara Institute.
- Custom Research
- Multi-Year Initiatives: Centre for Food in Canada, How Canada Performs, Centre for the North, Centre for Business Innovation, Canadian Alliance for Sustainable Health Care, Saskatchewan Institute, CIBC Scholar-in-Residence.
==Past Presidents==
* Daniel Muzyka 2012–2018
- Anne Golden 2001–2012
- James R. Nininger 1978–2001
- Robert de Cotret 1976–1978
- Arthur J.R. Smith 1971–1976
- Monteath Douglas 1954–1971
==Honorary Associate Award==
The Honorary Associate Award is The Conference Board of Canada's highest Award and is conferred upon individuals who have served both their organization and their country with distinction during their working career. This office, the term of which is life, is the only honour conferred by The Conference Board of Canada. Honorary Associates become voting members of the corporation. The Award is given on the occasion of the Conference Board's Annual Meeting.
===Recipients===
* 2015 L. Jacques Ménard
- 2014 Michael H. McCain
- 2013 The Hon. David L. Emerson
- 2012 Anne Golden
- 2011 Serge Godin
- 2010 Paul M. Tellier
- 2009 Michael Wilson
- 2008 Stephen G. Snyder
- 2007 John E. Cleghorn
- 2006 Jacques Lamarre
- 2005 Isadore Sharp
- 2004 Eric P. Newell
- 2003 Purdy Crawford
- 2002 Laurent Beaudoin
- 2001 James R. Nininger
- 2000 J.E. (Ted) Newall
- 1999 Allan R. Taylor
- 1998 Guy Saint-Pierre
- 1997 Alfred Powis
- 1996 The Hon. Peter Lougheed
- 1995 Sonja Bata and Thomas J. Bata
- 1994 Paul Paré
- 1993 David M. Culver
- 1992 Sylvia Ostry
- 1991 Camille A. Dagenais
- 1990 Walter F. Light
- 1989 A. Jean de Grandpré
- 1988 Robert B. Bryce
- 1987 Frederick C. Mannix
- 1986 The Hon. Senator H. de M. Molson
- 1985 Louis Rasminsky
- 1984 The Hon. Ernest Manning
- 1983 Herbert Lank
- 1982 Allen T. Lambert
- 1981 Earle McLaughlin
- 1980 William O. Twaits
==Selected publications==
* "2012 Survey Findings: The State of Firm-Level Innovation in Canada" (2013)
- "Improving Food Safety in Canada: Toward a More Risk-Responsive System" (2012)
- "Ontario's Economic and Fiscal Prospects: Challenging Times Ahead" (2012)
- "Women in Senior Management: Where Are They?" (2011)
- "21st Century Cities in Canada: The Geography of Innovation" (2009)
- "Healthy People, Healthy Performance, Healthy Profits: The Case for Business Action on the Socio-Economic Determinants of Health " (2008)
- "The International Forum on the Creative Economy "(2008)
- "Red Tape, Red Flags: Regulation for the Innovation Age" (2007)
- "How Canada Performs: A Report Card on Canada" (2007)
- "Mission Possible: Sustainable Prosperity for Canada" (2007)
- "Canada by Picasso: The Faces of Federalism" (2006)
==Periodicals==
* Compensation Planning Outlook
- Benefits Outlook
- HR Trends and Metrics
- Industrial Relations Outlook
- Canadian Directorship Practices
- Learning and Development Outlook
- Canadian Economic Outlook
- Provincial Economic Outlook
- Metropolitan Economic Outlook
- U.S. Outlook
- World Outlook
- Index of Consumer Confidence
- Index of Business Confidence
==Plagiarism controversy==
In May 2009, The Conference Board of Canada was criticised over its claim to be objective and non-partisan. It released a report related to copyright regulations in Canada, which plagiarised papers published by the International Intellectual Property Alliance (the primary movie, music, and software lobby in the US). The Conference Board responded, standing by its report, which drew further criticism, claiming they ignored a commissioned report, for partisan reasons. The Conference Board recalled the reports after conducting an internal review, which determined that there was undue reliance on feedback from a funder of the report. The Conference Board hosted a roundtable discussion on intellectual property in September 2009 and published a new report, "Intellectual Property in the 21st Century", in February 2010.
==Stereotyping controversy==
In November 2016, a recording surfaced of Michael Bloom, the Vice-President of The Conference Board, which contained a number of generalizing statements about indigenous peoples, people of Caribbean, Asian, and middle-eastern descent. The statements were made in the presence of an employee that is of indigenous heritage. Upon learning of the recording, The Conference Board of Canada placed the Vice-President on immediate leave of absence and initiated an internal investigation.
Shortly after the recording was made public, it was further revealed that a former employee commenced legal action against The Conference Board of Canada. This employee had worked under Michael Bloom and alleged a "toxic work environment". The former employee was also of indigenous heritage. A lawsuit was filed in Ontario and sought $175,000 in damages. |
2936195 | 45046653 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2936195 | Double Decker (chocolate bar) | Double Decker is a British brand of chocolate bar currently manufactured by Cadbury. First introduced in the UK in 1976, its name derives from the well-known double-decker bus, with the buses themselves sometimes appearing in advertisements for the product. It is a mixture of milk chocolate, nougat, and crisp, crunchy cereal.
This has proved to be a very popular recipe, being used in cakes and other confections.
==Description==
The chocolate bar is structured in two layers; a lightly-whipped nougat layer, with a lower layer of cereal 'crispies', these are then coated in milk chocolate. Originally the bar contained raisins within the base layer; however, consumer research in the mid-1980s led to these being removed and the current formulation being introduced. Television adverts in the 1970s featured Willie Rushton before a mascot named Dougie the Double Decker Dog was introduced.
The bar has a mass of approximately 54.5g although multipack bars are smaller at 37.3g. This increased from 42g in the 1970s and 51g in the 1980s, to a peak of 60g before attaining the current weight. It typically contains 9.9g of fat, 38g of carbohydrates, 2.3g of protein and 1060kJ (250kcal) of energy. The Double Decker no longer contains hydrogenated oil. The bar is manufactured in Poland.
There also existed a 'Double Decker – Nuts' launched in 2004, which had the advertising slogan "crispy, crunchy, chewy and nutty". This chocolate bar was essentially a Double Decker with nuts contained within the nougat layer; however, it has since been discontinued. At the time it was distinctly aimed at males, and featured in "Coronation Street" credits during 2004.
In August 2016 Cadbury launched "Dinky Deckers" as part of the Bite Size bag range which are mini Cadbury Double Deckers available in a 120g pouch bag. |
2936201 | 29738728 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2936201 | Préizerdaul | Préizerdaul () is a commune in western Luxembourg, in the canton of Redange. Until 17 July 2001, it was known as Bettborn, after its administrative centre. Préizerdaul was the first commune to change its name since before the First World War; to date, it is the only commune to have changed its name to a name of Luxembourgish origin.
Towns within the commune include Bettborn, Platen, Pratz, and Reimberg.
== Notable people ==
* James Schwebach (1847 in Platen – 1921) a Luxembourgian prelate of the Roman Catholic Church & Bishop of the Diocese of La Crosse in Wisconsin, 1892/1921
- Emile Calmes (born 1954 in Luxembourg City), a Luxembourgish politician; became Mayor of Préizerdaul in 1982
==Twin towns — sister cities==
Préizerdaul is twinned with:
- Péni, Burkina Faso
- San Agustín, El Salvador |
2936205 | 25710 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2936205 | JSDL | Job Submission Description Language |
2936208 | 7903804 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2936208 | Rambrouch | Rambrouch ( or (locally) ; is a commune and small town in western Luxembourg, in the canton of Redange. It lies close to the border with Belgium.
Rambrouch was formed on 1 January 1979 from the former communes of Arsdorf, Bigonville, Folschette, and Perlé, all in Redange canton. The law creating Rambrouch was passed on 27 July 1978.
, the town of Rambrouch, which lies in the centre of the commune, has a population of 379.
==Populated places==
The commune consists of the following villages:
- Arsdorf Section:
- Arsdorf
- Bilsdorf
- Bigonville Section:
- Bigonville
- Flatzbour
- Bungeref-Poteau
- Martelinville (lieu-dit)
- Folschette Section:
- Eschette
- Folschette
- Hostert
- Rambrouch
- Koetschette
- Schwiedelbrouch
- Napoléonsgaard (lieu-dit)
- Perlé Section:
- Holtz
- Perlé
- Rombach-Martelange
- Haut-Martelange
- Wolwelange |
2936209 | 12014816 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2936209 | List of prime ministers of Haiti | This article lists the prime ministers of Haiti since the establishment of the office of Prime Minister of Haiti in 1988.
==List==
;Political parties
- Other factions
- Symbols |
2936211 | 212624 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2936211 | Ample | Ample line bundle |
2936216 | 7903804 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2936216 | Saeul | Saeul ( ) is a commune and small town in western Luxembourg, in the canton of Redange.
, the town of Saeul itself, which lies in the south-east of the commune, has a population of 298. |
2936222 | 8066546 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2936222 | Jack Geller | List of Friends and Joey characters#Jack and Judy Geller |
2936223 | 4842600 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2936223 | Epistemological Despondency | Epistomological Despondency is the first studio album by British doom metal band Esoteric. The album was released in 1994 as a double CD through Aesthetic Death Records, and was remastered and reissued in 2004. In a retrospective article written about the album by Metal Injection editor Cody Davis, the album "built Esoteric's foundation in funeral doom."
==Credits==
* Bryan Beck – Bass guitar, fretless bass, effects and bass synth
- Gordon Bicknell – Lead guitar, effects, samples, synth
- Greg Chandler – vocals, effects
- Simon Phillips – Lead guitar, effects, samples
- Stuart Blekinsop – Guitar, effects
- Darren Earl – drums
- Steve Wilson - engineering, mixing |
2936224 | 10951369 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2936224 | Brent Tate | Brent Tate (born 3 March 1982) is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played as a or er in the 2000s and 2010s. An Australia international and Queensland State of Origin representative, he played his club football in the NRL for the Brisbane Broncos (with whom he won the 2006 NRL Premiership), the New Zealand Warriors and the North Queensland Cowboys. Despite a career that was set back by a series of severe injuries, Tate kept coming back and was a member of the 2006, 2007, 2008, 2012 and 2013 State of Origin series-winning Queensland sides, as well as the 2008 and 2013 World Cup Australian sides, winning the 2013 edition with them.
==Early life==
Tate was born in Roma, Queensland and moved to Redcliffe at the age of 9. He played his junior rugby league for the Redcliffe Dolphins and attended Clontarf Beach State High School, where he represented the Australian Schoolboys in 1999. He was originally a scholarship holder with the South Queensland Crushers, signing with the Brisbane Broncos after the Crushers folded.
==Professional playing career==
===Brisbane Broncos===
Tate made his National Rugby League debut for the Brisbane Broncos in Round 21 of the 2001 season, in a match against the Melbourne Storm at the Colonial Stadium. He earned his first representative honours in 2002, playing for Queensland in Game 3 of the 2002 State of Origin series. On 12 July 2002, Tate made his international debut for Australia from the bench in a one-off test against Great Britain at the Sydney Football Stadium, with the Kangaroos running out easy 64-10 winners, scoring 11 tries to 2 in their biggest winning margin over the Lions. He was named the 2002 Brisbane Broncos season's rookie of the year after scoring 10 tries in 23 games. Tate made his run-on debut for Australia in the end of season Test match against New Zealand at the Westpac Stadium in Wellington.
Tate continued his good form in 2003, moving into the Queensland starting side for all 3 State of Origin games, scoring 2 tries in Game 3. He was again selected for Australia in the Anzac Test against New Zealand in Sydney, scoring two tries as Australia defeated the Kiwis 48–6. However, Tate suffered a career-threatening neck injury that has affected him ever since, and his career has only been prolonged with the aid of a special neck brace. His neck injury kept him out of the beginning of the 2004 season, but recovered in time for the Anzac Test, and continued to earn representative selection for both Queensland and Australia. 2005 was a disappointing season for Tate, with further injuries preventing him from playing in the 2005 State of Origin series. Despite this, his form for the Broncos saw him selected for in the Australian team for the end of season Tri-Nations tournament against New Zealand and hosts Great Britain.
In 2006, Tate was again injured for the first part of the season, but made a shock comeback in Game 1 of the State of Origin. In Game 3 in Melbourne, Tate scored a crucial try, beginning a Queensland comeback that led to them winning the match and the series. For the first time in his Origin career, he was named man-of-the-match for Game 3.
Tate was also an integral part of the Brisbane Broncos' 2006 NRL Grand Final-winning team that year, once again being rewarded with national selection for the 2006 Tri-Nations. In the final against defending champions New Zealand at the Sydney Football Stadium, Australia had a hard-fought 16–12 win in extra time, again thanks to a try to captain Darren Lockyer. Playing on the wing, Tate scored Australia's only other try for the game. As 2006 NRL Premiers, the Brisbane Broncos travelled to England to face 2006 Super League champions, St Helens R.F.C. in the 2007 World Club Challenge. Tate played at centre in the Broncos' 14–18 loss.
On 30 May 2007, it was announced that Tate would be leaving the Broncos at the end of the 2007 season to sign with the New Zealand Warriors on a three-year contract. He decided to join the Warriors due to the opportunity to play in his preferred position of centre.
Tate was selected to play for the Australian national team on the wing in the 2007 ANZAC Test match against New Zealand, scoring a try in the Kangaroos' 30–6 victory.
His career with the Broncos was cut short while playing for Queensland during Game III of the 2007 State of Origin series, where he suffered a season-ending knee injury to the medial and anterior cruciate ligament.
===New Zealand Warriors===
Tate made his New Zealand Warriors debut in Round 1, 2008 against the Melbourne Storm at Telstra Dome, against the same team and at the same stadium in which he made his NRL debut for Brisbane.
In August 2008, Tate was named in the Australia training squad for the 2008 Rugby League World Cup, and in October 2008 he was selected in the final 24-man Australia squad. However, due to injury he did not play in the final of the World Cup, with the Kangaroos going to lose the final to New Zealand 20–34, giving the Kiwi's their first ever World Cup win.
In September 2008, Tate was named on the bench in the Australian Schoolboys Team of the Century.
Tate's 2009 season was cut short, when in a Round 3 clash against his former club Brisbane, he suffered another season-ending injury when he damaged his anterior cruciate ligament in the process of being tackled.
He returned to the field in 2010, and with injuries early in the season to Steve Price, Simon Mannering and Micheal Luck, Tate stood-in as captain of the Warriors. The Warriors won their first game under Tate's captaincy, a 30–24 win in Round 5 over Canterbury at the ANZ Stadium in Sydney. However, they were defeated 40–12 in their next game against Penrith at home at Mt Smart.
On 23 June 2010, Tate announced that his three-year stay at the New Zealand side was over, opting to return to his home state of Queensland to play for the North Queensland Cowboys. Tate cited the decision as the "toughest he has ever had to make".
At the end of the 2010 season, Tate was again selected for Australia's Four Nations campaign (the tournament had been expanded to include a fourth team in 2009). Tate, who as of 2013 played his last game for Australia in the final (in which he scored a try), was the tournaments equal leading try scorer with 4 alongside Junior Sa'u (NZ) and Tony Clubb (England). Tate had scored a try in each game he played against Papua New Guinea, England and NZ.
===North Queensland Cowboys===
Tate's first season with the North Queensland outfit in 2011, was disrupted by the rupturing of his anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in the Four Nations Final the previous November. The injury forced him to undergo a knee reconstruction for the third time in his career. The injury caused him to consider retirement; however, he recovered to make his debut for North Queensland in round 19 of the 2011 season, and played in the team's qualifying final loss to the Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles.
Tate continued to play for Queensland in the 2012 State of Origin series, helping the Maroons to a record-breaking 7th series win in a row dating back to 2006.
Tate was selected on the wing for Qld in the opening game of the 2013 Origin series. Despite the Maroons going down 14–6 to NSW in Sydney, he retained his spot for Game 2 of the series in Brisbane. Tate was named man-of-the-match in Queensland's win in the third and deciding game of the series, which extended their record winning streak to eight series.
Tate continued playing for Queensland in the 2014 State of Origin series. During the 2nd game of the State of Origin series, Tate suffered another ACL knee injury.
On 3 September 2014, Tate announced his retirement from Rugby League after accepting medical advice that returning from the ruptured ACL sustained during that year's State of Origin series was one fight too many.
==Personal life==
Tate is the brother-in-law of Steve Price, with whom he played for the Warriors, Queensland and Australia, and the uncle of Giants Netball player Jamie-Lee Price and current North Queensland Cowboys player Riley Price. |
2936225 | 45293124 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2936225 | Dawn Addams | Victoria Dawn Addams (21 September 1930 – 7 May 1985) was a British actress, particularly in Hollywood motion pictures of the 1950s and on British television in the 1960s and 1970s. She became a princess in 1954 (until 1971).
==Early years==
Addams's mother died when she was young.
==Career==
Addams' face and physique attracted the attention of talent agents. In December 1950, she signed a seven-year contract with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer studios. Her film career began with a role in "Night into Morning" (1951), and her subsequent MGM films included "Singin' in the Rain" (1952), "Plymouth Adventure" (1952), "Young Bess" (1953) and the female lead opposite Peter Lawford in "The Hour of 13" (1952). She played David Niven's daughter in "The Moon Is Blue" (1953). She also embarked on a USO tour the same year to help entertain troops in Korea. She worked steadily in films during the remainder of the 1950s, including a heavily publicised role as Richard Carlson's model girlfriend in the science fiction film "Riders to the Stars" (1954) and the female lead opposite actor-director-filmmaker legend Charlie Chaplin in his final comedy to star himself, "A King in New York" (1957). During the 1960s and 1970s, she appeared mainly in British TV shows and French films.
She was a semi-regular on the instructional series "En France" (1962) and the leading lady in several episodes of "The Saint" (1962–69), which starred Roger Moore as Simon Templar. Among her last film credits were two British horror films, "The Vampire Lovers" (1970) and "The Vault of Horror" (1973), and she was also a regular in the British sitcom "Father, Dear Father" (1971–1973). One of her last television roles was in the science fiction serial "Star Maidens" (1977). Addams retired in the early 1980s, dividing her remaining years between Europe and the United States.
== Personal life ==
She married Don Vittorio Emanuele Massimo, Prince of Roccasecca, in 1954; the wedding was the subject of a cover story in "Life" magazine. Their son, Prince Stefano, married Atalanta Foxwell, daughter of film producer Ivan Foxwell and Lady Edith (Lambart), granddaughter of the 9th Earl of Cavan.
== Death ==
Addams died in 1985 in a London hospital at age 54 from lung cancer. |