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Concatenation Operators in VB.Net In VB.NET, there are several ways to concatenate strings, allowing you to combine multiple strings into one. Using the & Operator The & operator is the most common way to concatenate strings in VB.NET. To concatenate strings using the & operator, simply place the strings next to each other with the & operator, in between. For example, the following code concatenates the strings "Hello" and "World" to create the new string "Hello World": Using the + Operator The + operator can also be used for string concatenation. Using String.Concat Method The String.Concat() method is another way to concatenate strings in VB.NET. The String.Concat() method takes one or more strings as arguments and returns a new string that is the concatenation of the input strings. The String.Concat() method is generally less common than using the & operator, but it can be useful in some cases, such as when you need to concatenate strings from a variable number of sources. You can use String.Format to concatenate and format strings. Using Interpolation (VB.NET 14 and later) String interpolation allows you to embed expressions inside string literals. Using StringBuilder (for multiple concatenations in a loop) When concatenating multiple strings in a loop, it's more efficient to use a StringBuilder to avoid creating new string instances repeatedly. The & and + operators for simple concatenation. The String.Concat method for combining strings. String.Format for string formatting and concatenation. String interpolation (VB.NET 14 and later) for embedding expressions within strings. StringBuilder for efficient concatenation, especially when working with multiple concatenations in loops. Each of these methods has its own use cases, and you can choose the one that best suits your specific scenario for string concatenation in VB.NET.

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The world was moving faster towards reducing its reliance on carbon intensive energy consumption in the 1970s and 1980s than in the past several decades. In fact, over the past 20 years there has been little if any progress in expanding the share of carbon-free energy in the global mix. Despite the rhetoric around the rise of renewable energy, the data tells a far different story. Policy makers around the world have frequently expressed their desire to reduce the emissions of carbon dioxide to a level consistent with stabilizing the amount in the atmosphere at a low level. Conceptually, the challenge is akin to stabilizing the amount of water in a bathtub by modulating the amount filling the tub from a spigot. If there is an open drain at the bottom letting a bit of water out, then stabilization of the water’s height occurs when the amount coming into the tub equals the amount draining out. The carbon dioxide is akin to the water filling the bathtub and the oceans and the land surface provide some take-up of carbon dioxide, serving like a small open drain at the bottom of the tub. For the stabilization of carbon dioxide, this means that emissions of carbon dioxide, which result primarily from the combustion of fossil fuels (oil, natural gas and coal), must be reduced by something like 80 percent or more. However, instead of looking at the issue through the lens of emissions, another way to look at the challenge of stabilizing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is through energy consumption. Whatever the total level of future energy supply turns out to be, to be consistent with stabilization – metaphorically stopping the rise of the water in the bathtub – the proportion of global energy that comes from carbon-free sources needs to exceed 90 percent. So how are we doing working towards that 90 percent? BP, in its excellent annual statistical report on world energy, provides data that allows us to answer this question. The figure above shows the proportion of global energy consumption that comes from carbon-free sources. These sources include nuclear, hydro, solar, wind, geothermal, and biomass. The graph shows that from 1965 to 1999 the proportion of carbon-free energy in global consumption more than doubled to more than 13 percent, coincident with nuclear power increasing by a factor of 100 and hydropower by a factor of 6. However, since 1999 the proportion of carbon-free energy in the global mix has dropped slightly. In fact, 1999 was the peak year for non-carbon energy. From 1999 to 2012 consumption of nuclear power dropped by 2 percent. While solar has increased its contribution to consumption by a factor of 100 and wind by 25 from 1999 to 2012, these sources remain at about 1 percent of total global energy consumption, and are dwarfed by the resurgence of coal. Much is often made about the rise of renewable energy, but the data tells a more sobering story. In the ten years that ended in 2012, the world added about 2,500 million metric tonnes of oil equivalent (in layman’s terms, a lot) to its total energy consumption. Of that increase about 14 percent came from non-carbon sources. Compare that to the ten years ending in 2002, during which about 19 percent of the new energy consumption over the previous decade came from non-carbon sources. The figure above shows the proportion of annually added energy consumption that comes from carbon-free and carbon-intensive sources. The data shows that for several decades the world has seen a halt in progress towards less carbon-intensive energy consumption, at about 13 percent of the total global supply. This stagnation provides further evidence that the policies that have been employed to accelerate rates of decarbonization of the global economy have been largely ineffective. The world was moving faster towards decarbonizing its energy mix long before climate policy became fashionable. Why this was so and what the future might hold will be the subject of future posts in this continuing discussion. By. Roger Pielke JR of The Breakthrough

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This paper example uncovers the main arguments and facts regarding Sweat. Find out about Sweatshops in this paper. ‘Sweat’ is just a narrative that concerns a woman subjugated despite the mis treatment to household chores. This aspect is common inmost of the frequent marriage connections where the ladies are oppressed. There are lots of instances where folks jump into union oblivious of the issues that belie the relationship. The author indicates that meekness does always means being feeble. The protagonist has been bent to make her husband happy at all moments. With her husband, she is strongly in love In the beginning and thinks that the problem would persist before their death. In actuality, she attempts to avoid arguing with him”…but she walked peacefully around him commenced to re-sort the matters” (Hurston two ). This was after he disarranged the heaps of clothes she’d sorted out. The protagonist changes her attitude towards her partner completely owing into the mistreatment that she undergoes. Her spouse was astounded by her change of attitude,”A Small awed by this fresh Delia, he sidled out of their door and slammed the The author indicates that a girl can be modest and string at precisely the exact same time. She chooses to fight for her rights after years of overlooking them. She’s ready to struggle for what she’s got worked — her house (Hurston 4). To summarize, I think that the narrative provides life clauses into individuals regarding attitude. This is because it elaborates conditions in which attitude changes are noted. ‘Sweat’ signifies the efforts set up by women in families to be able to keep their families together. Yet, there reaches some time when they also stand to get their rights if they are trampled over or overlooked. At the narrative,’How it Feels to be Colored Me’,” Zora can be a colored boy residing in a part of town. Zora is more confident since all folks today believe in precisely the culture and likes his entire life in this side of the town. In many cases, until he or she is exposed to a different environment, an individual will tend to have a worldview that is limited. An individual will become disillusioned on his opinion of some other race just while she or he has connection persons belonging to the race that is . The protagonist demonstrates that in this area that is residential, everybody is colored hence making him personally life. Actually, that the coloreds”deplored…joyful tendencies in me, but I was their Zora nonetheless” (Hurston two ). This indicates that he enjoys himself and that Zora loves the town. Nevertheless, in a number of events, Zora has been accepted. The attitude of the protagonist shifted due to the behaviors of the White people . I think the narrative,’How it Feels to be Colored Me’ is of profound importance in the present society. The narrative touches on current conditions that impact the society that is present. The narration delivers a real life narrative of African Americans at a White discriminative inhabitants. As remaining in poor places called endeavors the colored are indicated. Since they pass though their residential space the Whites are only seen by zora. He’s not utilized to being given the Whites things that were silver after singing episodes.

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Mount Kilimanjaro is the highest peak in Africa. But where does it rank in order of the highest peaks on each continent? What are the Seven Summits? The highest peaks on each continent are known as the Seven Summits. The Seven Summits are: - Mount Everest in Asia - Mount Kilimanjaro in Africa - Aconcagua in South America - Mount McKinley (Denali) in North America - Mount Elbrus in Europe - Vinson Massif in Antarctica - Puncak Jaya (Carstensz Pyramid) in Australia Puncak Jaya is actually located in the Papua province of Indonesia. However, technically Puncak Jaya lies on the Australian continental shelf. The highest peak on the mainland of Australia is Mt Kosciuszko. How tall are each of these mountains? Mountain Everest is the tallest mountain in the world. It currently is 8,848 meters or 29,029 feet above sea level. It is located in Nepal and China, in the Mahalangur Himal sub-range of the Himalayas. The second highest peak is Aconcagua which stands at 6,962 meters or 22,841 feet. It is located in Argentina. In fact, it is the highest standing mountain in both the Western and Southern Hemispheres and is located in the Andes mountain range. The third highest peak is Mount McKinley at 6,194 meters or 20,320 feet. It is located in Alaska. Recently, President Obama restored the original name of Mount McKinley to Denali, which has cultural significance to the native Alaskan people. The fourth highest mountain is Mount Kilimanjaro it stands 5,892 meters or 19,340 feet and is located in Tanzania. It is the only free-standing mountain of the seven. The fifth highest peak is Mount Elbrus. Elbrus stands at 5,642 meters or 18,510 feet. Located in Russa, it is actually two dormant volcanoes and lies on top of a moving tectonic area and is linked to a fault line. The sixth highest summit goes to Vinson Massif measuring in at 4,892 meters or 16,050 feet. Located in Antartica, it lies within the Sentinel Range of the Ellsworth Mountains. Vinson Massif overlooks the Ronne Ice Shelf near the base of the Antarctic Peninsula. And finally, the highest peak on the Australian continental shelf is Puncak Jaya measuring in at 4,884 meters or 16,024 feet and is located in Indonesia. Australia is actually comprised of New Guinea, the country of Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand, Timor, other islands, and the submerged continental shelf. But wait, there’s a technicality Mauna Kea, located on the island of Hawaii, is actually the tallest mountain in the world. It stands 4,207 meters or 13,802 feet above sea level. Its peak is the highest point in the state of Hawaii. However, most of the mountain is under water. When measured from its oceanic base, Mauna Kea is over 10,000 meters or 33,000 feet tall. This makes it the world’s tallest mountain from base to summit.

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If you are asked a question about what country has a flag with a mountain, what would be your first association? Nepal maybe? After all, this is the country that hosts 8 of the 14 eight-thousanders – the tallest world mountains – Everest, Manaslu, Lhotse, Makalu, Anapurnas (I & II) etc. and 70 peaks ranging from 5, 537m (Gokyo Ri) to 7,952 m (Gyuachung Kang). All those big killers are concentrated in the part of the Himalayas belonging to Nepal. Alas, you would be wrong! Even though Nepal’s flag is the only one in the world that does not have a rectangular form, it features no mountains, because it is a mountain by itself. The triangular form of the flag is said to represent the shapes of the southern and the northern summits of Everest. As to the images of the celestial bodies, until 1962 the sun and the crescent moon representing the permanence and the hope had human faces, but they were removed to modernize the flag. Is This a Mountain? Saint Lucia Quest Well, it is actually two and much more! This is Saint Lucia flag last adopted on 22/02/2002 and the peaky shape you see stands for the Pitons - twin volcanic cones in the southwest part of the island - AND for the island surrounded by the blue sea and blue sky. The black and white allude to the harmonious relationship between the black and white races. The yellow symbolises the sunshine as well as prosperity. Gros Piton 798.25 m (2,618.9 ft) high, and Petit Piton is 743 m (2,438 ft) are a World Heritage Site for their abundant flora and fauna. The tropical moist forest grades to subtropical wet forest, with small areas of dry forest and wet elfin woodland on the summits. At least 148 plant species have been recorded on Gros Piton, 97 on Petit Piton and the intervening ridge, among them eight rare tree species. The Gros Piton is home to some 27 bird species (five of them endemic), three indigenous rodents, one opossum, three bats, eight reptiles, and three amphibians. As to climbing, Gros Piton can be summited without ropes or mountaineering experience. One can hike to the summit and come back down to the sea-level within a few hours. Local guides are available for hire (typically through the resorts) and are trained by the government to have basic knowledge of the languages common among tourists and of the medical procedures required in case of common accidents. No More Games: One Mountain per Flag Is it enough to be the highest mountain to make it on the national flag? It seems yes for Ecuador. Even though the much-revered volcano Pichincha (4, 776m) has much more historical legacy and is the first mount many tourists to Ecuador see once landing in Quito, it is Chimborazo (6,310m) that first appeared on Ecuador’s flag in 1900, together with the river Guayas. Ecuador’s flag has much going on. The first thing you see is the vibrant three colours: yellow for fertility, blue for the clear skies and the ocean, red for the blood spilt by national heroes for the sake of freedom of their country. The condor is stretching its wings to symbolize the power, greatness and strength of Ecuador. There is a Slavic superstition that if a bird makes poopoo on you, you are in for a lot of luck/money/fortune. I am just wondering whether it works for condors and if this magnificent bird drops something on you, will you survive? There is also the first South American steamboat built in 1841. Instead of the mast, there is a caduceus (a magic warder with two snakes, usually used in medicine) that symbolise trade and economy of the country. On top of that, there is a golden sun surrounded by zodiac signs of Aries, Taurean, Twins and Cancer, they all cover the period from March to July - the length of the March Revolution of 1845. The palm stands for peace. Ecuador had four banners, Bolivia has six. Both countries have a suspiciously identically looking condor impersonating power, greatness and strength. Both flags have laurel branches/palm trees and a sun. Bolivian llama is the national animal, related to the alpaca and the items next to it are symbolic of the resources of the nation. As to the colours, the blue is swapped for green to symbolize the fertility of the land, Bolivian yellow represents the nation's mineral deposits, and nothing changes for the red - this is the blood of the brave soldiers. What is the mountain? It is Cerro Rico or Potosí mountain (4, 782m) or Sumaq Urqu (Quechua sumaq "beautiful, good, pleasant", urqu "mountain"), which is anything but human-friendly. It first gained nation-wide recognition in 1825, when after liberating the region around La Paz from the Spanish, Simon Bolívar climbed to the top of the mountain then known as Cerro Potosí and planted the flag of independence for the new country that now bears his name. Secondly, Cerro Rico is popularly conceived of as being "made of" silver ore, before its depletion in the 19th century, it was famous for providing vast quantities of silver for Spain during the period of the New World Spanish Empire. It is estimated that eighty-five per cent of the silver produced in the central Andes during this time came from Cerro Rico. Should you wish to climb this notorious vulture that claimed many a life of hapless miners since the 1500s, you can do so any time of the year. Start of the highest city in the world - Potosi, and go 800m (2500ft) up. Round trip to the summit and back is approximately 4 hours via an infinite number of routes. Behold, there is a lot of scree and loose rock, so be careful. There are actually paths on the left side of the mountain as you look at it from town. On top is a weather station, often manned. Which is Which? Find the Difference But for the coats of arms, it would be nearly impossible to tell them apart. So, the flag devoid of any coat of arms is Russian. There is a house joke about its colours if you don’t remember their sequence: they stand for KGB = красный (red), голубой (blue), and белый (white). Slovakia and Slovenia are both in Europe, but their gently sloping Alps (Julian, Kamnik, Savinja, Karavanke Alps) can hardly be called most prominent, especially when you see the neighbouring towering Pennine, Bernese, or the Graian Alps. Yet, those two small countries have produced great sportsmen. Slovenia gave birth to Tomaž Humar, Tomo Česen and Marko Prezelj. A Slovenian team has recently made headlines by successfully completing the first ascent of the north ridge of Latok I (7,145m) in Pakistan, a route that had resisted all attempts for 40 years. The highest Slovenian mountain that is featured both on the coat of arms and on the flag (adopted in 1991) is Mt. Triglav (2,864m) aka three-headed mountain, located in the middle of the Julian Alps and in the country’s only National Park. Slovakia’s flag (adopted in 1992) has actually a graphic representation of three mountain ranges: the Tatras, the Fatra and the Matra, which historically were inhabited by the Slovaks and first appeared on the country’s coat of arms in the 13th century. Nowadays, the Matra belong to Hungary. Slovakia can boast of 9 national parks and 14 protected landscape areas. The choice of mountains is also greate, there are the High and the Low Tatras, the Veľká Fatra and the Malá Fatra Mountain Ranges, the Štiavnické vrchy Mts., Javorníky. There are several scenic spots to enjoy great climbing. The mountainous village of Vernár belongs to the most visited places in Slovakia. There are four climbing sectors, each of them being specific. There are mostly lips, roofs, sometimes erect plates. The routes are evaluated by the UIAA scale and the names are written on rocks. The area is known to offer the possibility of climbing in cold winter months. Another popular climbing area with a rich history is called Pajštún - the ruins of a castle near Bratislava. One small note, you should be careful climbing here because some tourists, when enjoying a good view, can drop stones from the top and you should also avoid climbing ruined castle walls. In autumn when the air is clean, you can even see the tops of the Alps. The Holy Trinity San Marino might be the fifth-smallest country in the world (61 sq.km) and totally enclosed by Italy but it is among the wealthiest countries in the world in terms of GDP. It also has its own mountain Monte Titano (749m) and no flatlands whatsoever. The country’s capital, the CIty of San Marino is located on the mountain top. The current flag was adopted on 6th April 1862. Paradoxically, San Marino served as a refuge for many people who supported unification of Italy during the war for independence, but when the Italian general Giuseppe Garibaldi, who succeeded in unifying Italy in 1861, came to power, he accepted the wish of San Marino not to be incorporated into the new state. The inscription "LIBERTAS" can mean freedom and could also have developed from the alleged last words of the founder Marinus: "Relinquo vos liberos ab utroque homine" (Lat. "I leave you free from both men"). The summits represented on the flag and topped with the three towers adorned by ostrich feathers are the three summits of Monte Titiano. The towers stand for the three citadels, la Guaita, la Cesta, and la Montale, the earliest of which dates from the 11th century. Costa Rica is snuggly tucked between the Pacific and the Carribean. Historically, the number of mountains shown on the flag varied. In 1824, there were five volcanoes rising out of the sea symbolizing the five member states of the United Provinces; above the volcanoes was a shining red Phrygian cap and a rainbow. In 1840-48, the mountains gave way to stars, only to return 150 years later in 1998 edition. Now there are three mountains representing Costa Rica’s three main mountain ranges (the Cordillera de Tilarán, the Cordillera Central and the Cordillera de Talamanca). As to the clouds covering the mountain caps, the heraldry connaisseurs just wanted to be true to the land, smoking mounts are a common sight in Costa Rica due to frequent volcano eruptions. How Many Mountains Can Fit a Flag? As many as you can draw. El Salvador’s flag was adopted in 1912 and also has volcanoes in it. In El Salvador’s case, these are five green, forested volcanoes lit by a rising sun and dominated by a Phrygian red cap. Initially, the picture was inspired by United Provinces of Central America now it also coincides with the five main peaks of the Cordillera de Apaneca range in the west of the country, whose five peaks are Santa Ana (the highest at 2,381m), Cerro Verde, Izalco, and the two summits of San Marcelino. 2,381m might not sound like much, but Volcano Santa Ana has four active craters, and it last erupted as recently as 2005. It produced a violent explosion of 1 hour, generating a 10 km high eruption column. 2 people were killed probably by a boiling lahar, and thousands evacuated. If you are adventurous enough and have no sense of smell, go up Satna Ana in roughly a 4-hour road trip hike, which includes some time at the top to take in the views. The beginning of the hike goes through some flat areas, which are pleasant and relaxing before you hit the main ascent. As you’re nearing the top you’ll start to smell the authentic sulphur scent that oozes out of the volcano and when you finally get to the edge of the crater, dripping in sweat, it’ll all seem worth it. An eerie mist of steam simmers across the top of the crater lake, as the colours dance in the sunlight, switching between shades of turquoise, blue and green. But don’t be fooled by its alluring glow, especially when all you want to do is cool down, unfortunately, this is one crater lake you can’t swim in. Well, the last but not least is Nicaragua’s flag adopted on September 04, 1908 (the latest edition was done in 1971). Principally, the five mounts meant the embodiment of union and brotherhood of Central American provinces of Guatemala, Honduras, Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa-Rica and Los-Altos as of 1823 - 1840, they came into independent existence after they broke free from The Mexican Empire. Some authors in the almighty internet claim it is wrong, there are 7 Central American countries now with Belize and Panama. But let’s be fair, historically there used to be five. Nicaragua’s flag is also a rich compilation of symbols. The triangle means equality, the Phrygian red cap stands for freedom and rainbow is not about being merry or frolicky, it symbolizes peace. That is all for the Flags-and-Mountains romance, yet, the research has proven coats of arms are definitely more prolific about the mountains, e.g. Hungarian tricolour flag seems pretty boring in comparison to its coats of arms with a three-capped mountain representing the Tatra, the Fatra and the Matra ranges. Please tell us about your scenic travels and send some photos with mountains identified on flags! Have fun out there! And safe travels!

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There is a multiplicity of tech tools available to you both on Google Suite or Microsoft Office that you can utilize. Most employers will assume you know the way to create presentations both for purchasers or inner use. It doesn’t matter should you operate in a B2B or B2C firm, the ability to create visually compelling work is integral to the trendy workplace. On to the extra boring stuff, being able to use spreadsheets successfully is a trait that firms search for. Whatever sector you’re in, you will want to retailer important firm information whatever it might be, from contact info to research calculations. Hence we can say the expansion of both technologies is dependent upon one another. Information Technology is all about the software of that technology to resolve problems. Whereas computer technology is every thing which we see as innovation in the Cryptocurrency Meaning field of expertise. In the world of know-how both the technology, whether it is computer expertise or info know-how each are co-related to one another. The growth, and the growth of both applied sciences depend upon each-other. And for you, there are 1000’s of businesses and people prepared that can assist you on the internet. We invented and developed the technologies to alter our lives to their finest. There are so many free and low-cost computer abilities programs Best Tech Stocks out there, ranging from YouTube videos to eLearning platforms like Lynda, Udemy, and Skillshare. But in fact, you will want to have mastered basic computer proficiency, like web browsing and typing, before you can get there. Sets of underlying ideas and themes within the related literature, such as “challenges” and “barriers” referring to the usage of tablets, have been rigorously recorded, and have been introduced into the analysis. They were, specifically, used during the process of clustering the subthemes in the later levels of the evaluation, serving as a information for creating “meaningful” larger simple themes. It is therefore the subthemes which seem under the “higher simple” themes which explicate the findings of this research. We performed the major focus group sessions between February and March 2015 in a quiet room at Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh. These focus teams had been the primary stage of a bigger examine, “Tablet for Healthy Ageing” (Vaportzis et al., 2017). The group discussions lasted ~2 h, and the identical moderator, who was one of many authors of this research (E.V.), carried out all focus teams. - There are many assessments used within the job market to evaluate a candidate’s level of computer ability proficiency. - In Psychology from Florida International University and works full-time as a classroom instructor in a public college. - They added that this inside clock helps regulate lots of our physiological processes, together with sleep, metabolism, hormone secretion, and even how our mind functions. - We are a group of experts with deep information of issues pertaining to the internet, privateness, security, expertise, and mental property. Alex Kipman is the developer of Kinect, probably the most successful product within the Microsoft stable. Kipman at present works for Microsoft, the place he develops other merchandise and works on Windows. Another way to improve your computer abilities further is by watching videos online or on video streaming apps. Most video tutorials offer you actionable steps you’ll have the ability to take to execute certain computer capabilities. Short movies are a quick and simple approach to be taught new abilities that you can put to practice instantly. With usage of computers for communication being extra preferred than pen and paper, following computer ethics have turn into a must for every and everyone! This article highlights the points that throw some mild on the importance of computer ethics and the way they contribute into a better and secure usage of computers in our every day life. Try to add one that is related to expertise every day, asking your self how the technological developments made your day easier, better, or a mix of both. There are shortcuts and templates that may be introduced to every digital charting system. Get with your super-user or that nurse who’s at all times happily leaving on time. Sit down with them and study what they do to get through their charting more shortly. You don't need to cross seas, surf waves, climb mountains, battle Orcs and wield the Excalibur in search for knowledge on Information technology. — lasucbt18 Computer Training Center (@lasucbt18) July 2, 2021 Computer-related jobs are projected to increase a lot faster than the common of other occupations in accordance with the united states To be a half of this thrilling field, you will want to have a solid background in computers. You will want work experience, similar to an internship, and a bachelor’s degree Internet Provider to be ready for lots of of those positions. You can also pursue graduate study in computer know-how or a computer-related field. You will be capable of apply your computer data to many areas of industry. Many expertise positions involve teamwork and collaboration with colleagues. Today when everything is globally connected then why your corporation should offline. With the help of computer know-how, we are ready to do our enterprise online and may have more purchasers and profit. A wired network use wired configuration to determine a communication bridge between two or extra entities. Mostly ethernet cables are used to transfer information between connected Pcs. At first they represented portions with mechanical elements , but after World War II voltages had been used; by the Sixties digital computers had largely changed them. Nonetheless, analog computer systems, and some hybrid digital-analog systems, continued in use via the Sixties in tasks corresponding to aircraft and spaceflight simulation.

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How Healthcare Professionals Can Ensure That Patients’ Rights Are Upheld And Protected. Reply to this post with at least 300 words. Please, make sure to provide citations and references in APA format 7th edition within the last 5 years published. No plagiarism please. The rights of patients have been the subject of revision and in-depth analysis in the public health systems of most countries. In the United States it is not a new issue, since the beginning of the 1900s the federal public health agency was created in this country, this being the beginning of many years of work and improvement to reach the current public health system. One of the laws that controls this system is precisely the Patient’s Declaration of Rights. We know that many of these rights have a universal character and are raised in most countries, others are more influenced by different cultures and adapt to different societies. United States, the United States is a country where many different cultures coexist, a large part of the population is made up of immigrants from many different regions of the planet, this is undoubtedly a challenge for medical care. Patients have the right to have their culture and beliefs respected, including receiving care in their own language. Another very important right is the right to receive care when requested, regardless of race, sexual orientation, immigration status, economic status, or country of origin. The patient deserves respect for their privacy and autonomy, decides who can know their medical information or make decisions on their behalf. Patients may or may not accept a specific treatment or intervention. Knowing the truth and having all the information about your health problem is another of the most raised rights in medical centers and hospitals. We cannot fail to mention the right to respect for their dignity, to be treated ethically, to provide them with quality services or to receive help both inside and outside the health centers. (Wilson CD, et al., 2020) The right of patients and their fulfillment is not only inherent to the doctor, but all health workers also who are related to a patient have the obligation to fulfill and respect their rights. The first and most important step is knowledge. All professionals in the health field should know and be aware of these rights. For nurses, this respect is part of their code of ethics, being the health provider that spends the most time caring for the patient. In the daily work of doctors and nurses, the rights of patients are continuously protected, providing them with support, high-quality services, hygienic care centers and healthy environments. Complying with the requirements of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) which stipulates the importance of protecting against fraud and theft of patients’ personal information as well as prohibiting its disclosure without the patient’s consent. We help fulfill the rights of patients by making them feel comfortable and safe, always being ready to answer their questions or respecting their silence, supporting them during their illness and extending support to their families. It is evident that when a patient perceives that his rights are respected, the trust in the staff that attends him will be an achievement. There is one last element that I would like to address in relation to this topic and it is the patient’s right to know their rights. I believe that nurses can be very helpful at this point, guiding and teaching the patient about her own rights is also a way of respecting and complying with them. (Kim K, et al., 2017) Wilson CD, Probe RA. Shared Decision-making in Orthopaedic Surgery. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2020 Dec 01;28(23): e1032-e1041. Kim K, Han Y, Kim JS. Nurses’ and patients’ perceptions of privacy protection behaviours and information provision. Nurs Ethics 2017; 24(5): 598–611. Sethi D, Rani Mk. Communication Barrier in Health Care Setting as Perceived by Nurses and Patient. Inter J Nurs Edu. 2017;9(4):30-35. "Place your order now for a similar assignment and have exceptional work written by our team of experts, guaranteeing you A results."

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Ceramicss which means thrower ‘s Earth or clay is a stuff made from of course happening clay. Scientifically it may be considered as a compound consisting both metallic and non metallic elements. Diamond and SiC are illustrations of manufactured ceramics. Ceramic may besides be defined as inorganic or non metallic stuffs processed or used at high temperatures. In ancient times ceramics were pottery which were made from clay itself or assorted with other stuffs nevertheless new ceramic stuffs have been developed for usage in ceramic technology, such as semiconducting materials. There are traditional ceramics and advanced ceramics. Materials such as China clay, Talc, Feldspar, Silica and Dolomite were some of common stuffs used in traditional ceramics. They were used because of their belongingss such as dry strength, malleability and shrinking. Sel3ction of stuffs, size of atoms and atom form have great impact on concluding merchandises. In advanced ceramics industry, the pureness of ceramic pulverization is a great job while in traditional it is non. Some of the traditional ceramics merchandises are: clayware, tableware, healthful ware, tiles, blocks and electrical porcelain. Advanced ceramics on the other manus, are chiefly used for electrical, electronic, optical and magnetic applications. In this sector, techniques of production must be used to do certain that ceramic pulverizations possess sufficient pureness. ( 2 ) Types of ceramic merchandises Ceramic are of four different classs. Structural ceramic comprises tiles, bricks and pipes. White wares ceramic which include objects like decorative, healthful ware, table ware and wall tiles. The illustrations of white ware ceramics are stone ware, porcelain, bone China and earthen ware. Refractories ceramic like glass and steel edifice melting pots, gas fire radiant and kiln liners. Technical or all right ceramics merchandises which include tiles applied in the infinite bird plan, ballistic munition, bio-medical implants, missile nose cones, atomic fuel U oxide pellets and jet engine turbine. ( 1 ) Properties of Ceramicss They show fictile distortions. They are semi music directors They are by and large difficult They are crystalline or formless Some ceramics become ace music directors under highly low temperatures They are normally covalently bonded or ionic substances Most of them are transitional metal oxides Ceramicss are classified into crystalline or non-crystalline. Non-crystalline are made from thaws and are known as glass ceramics. They are non common since they require a batch of processing as compared with crystalline ceramics. ( 1 ) Uses of Ceramicss and Why They Are Used They are used in doing knives Though they are brickle, their blades are more lasting. Their knives are sharper than steel knives. Alumina and boron carbide are used as “ Small Arms Protective Inserts ” This is because of the low weight of the stuff Ceramic balls can be used to replace steel in ball bearings Due to their hardness they have a longer life-time Ceramic engines can be used in research labs They have high fuel efficiency and do non necessitate chilling. High-tech ceramic is used in ticker devising for bring forthing ticker instances The stuff is valued by horologists for its light weight, scratch-resistance, lastingness and smooth touch. Hydroxyapatite ceramics used to surface metal orthopaedic devices by organizing a bond as bone fillers. They are really porous and lack mechanical strength. Plastic means capable of being shaped or molded. Its plasticity allows when its being produced allows it to be pressed and do many forms. Used in the industry of industrial merchandises, fictile stuffs are of man-made or semi man-made organic solids. Fictile stuffs are polymers of high molecular mass and contains other substances which improve in bend cut down cost or increase public presentation. However they are of two types, that is, thermoplastics and thermosetting polymers. When heated, Thermoplastics do n’t undergo chemical alteration in their composing. Polyethylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride and Teflon are chief illustrations which can be molded once more and once more. Thermosets on the other manus, stay solid when they solidify since they melt and take form one time. Properties of Plastics Tough, stiff, shatter-resistant, softens if heated Soda, H2O, juice, and cooking oil bottles High Density Polyethylene Semi-rigid, tough, flexible Milk and H2O jugs, bleach bottles Strong, semi-rigid, calendered Detergent bottles, shampoo bottles, shrink wrap, pipes Low Density Polyethylene Flexible, non crinkled, moisture-proof Garbage bags, sandwich bags, 6-pack rings Low Density Polyethylene Flexible, non crinkled, moisture-proof Yogurt cups, oleo baths, screw-on lids/caps Frequently brickle, sometimes calendered, frequently has strong chemical reactions Styrofoam, egg cartons, packing pellets, take-out containers Industry of Plastics They are manufactured in two ways: blow casting and blown movie. In blow casting procedure, plastic parts are formed by runing and squeeze outing plastics into a hollow tubing called parison. It is so taken by shuting it into a cooled metal cast. The plastic will take the form of a cast when air is blown into the parison. Once it has cooled, the cast is opened and the fictile portion removed. Milk bottles and family chemical containers are illustrations of blow casting merchandises. In blown movie, in blown movie, plastic thaw is extruded through an annulate dice, normally vertically, to organize a thin walled tubing. Air is so introduced from a hole in the Centre of the dice by blowing up the tubing as a balloon. Mounted on the top of the dice, an air pealing blows onto the hot movie to chill it. The tubing of movie so continues upwards, continually chilling, until it passes through axial rotations where it is flattened and so winded in to axial rotations. The movie is used as is or in a subsequent procedure to change over into bags that have many different consumer and industrial applications. Plastics have been the fastest turning basic stuff because they are: versatile, lightweight, tough, energy economy, low cost, lasting and reclaimable. ( 3 ) Uses of plastics High Density Polyethylene ( HDPE ) Used for doing nutrient merchandises containers It has a good wet barrier, its compatible with acids, it is an first-class pick for silk-screening when fire treated Low Density Polyethylene ( LDPE ) Usedmainly for squashing applications. It is less chemically immune compared with HDPE Polypropylene ( PP ) Used in packaging, fabrics for illustration ropes, thermic underwear and rugs, letter paper, plastic parts and reclaimable containers of assorted types and besides in industry of laboratory equipment. It is stable at high temperatures, it has first-class chemical opposition Polystyrene ( PS ) Usedto make fictile jars. It creates a stiff walled container of first-class lucidity Polyvinyl Chloride ( PVC ) Used to insulate electrical wires, industry of pipes and in vesture industries It has highly good opposition to oils and besides a good bead impact opposition Polyethylene Terephthalate ( PET ) Used to do sodium carbonate bottles and H2O bottles Hasexcellent lucidity and really good intoxicant and indispensable oil barrier belongingss, has a high grade of impact opposition. Metallic element Materials Metallic elements are chemical elements that form cations and ionic bonds when combined with non metals. They are both good music directors of heat and electricity. It can be an component, compound or an metal which is characterized by high electrical conduction. Delocalized ions which are responsible for the conduction surround the ions. They form a metallic adhering which in bend signifier a solid which is held by electrostatic interactions between the ions and the negatron cloud. When two metals are mixed together they form alloys. Most pure metals are either excessively soft, brickle or chemically reactive for practical usage. Uniting different ratios of metals as alloys modifies the belongingss of pure metals to bring forth desirable features. The purpose of doing metal is by and large to do them less brickle, harder, immune to corrosion, or have a more desirable colour and lustre Classs of metals Metallic elements may be categorized in different signifiers which include ; base metal, cherished metal, Nobel metal and ferric metal. Base metal is a metal that oxidizes or corrodes easy and reacts with dilute acids to bring forth H. Ferric metal are metals that contain Fe and may be magnetic. Examples are shaped Fe and metals such as steel. Baronial metals are that which do non eat or undergo oxidization. Baronial metals are really rare and be given to be cherished. Examples include Ta, Pt and gold. Cherished metals on the other manus are besides rare and have chemical component of high economic value. These metals are well less reactive compared with other metals. In contrast to tradition where they were viewed as currency, cherished metals are presently used as investing and industrial trade goods. ( 4 ) Properties of common metals used for H2O pipes and electrical wires It is glistening, non-toxic ( non toxicant ) , low denseness ( light for its size ) and does non eat ( rust ) . used for Bridgess, manhole screens and Gatess Good electrical music director, a good heat music director and does non eat ( rust ) . used for aircraft and overhead electricity overseas telegrams It is a difficult, strong, and cheap and it corrodes ( rusts ) . Extraction of Metallic elements Metallic elements are removed from the Earth, by agencies of mining. They are removed in footings of ores which result to really utile elements. Mineral beginnings are divided into subsurface mines and surface mines which are extracted by usage of heavy machines. Chemical or electrolytic decreases are the methods used to pull out metal from the ore.ore are converted to natural stuffs by usage of pyrometallurgy. ( 4 )

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The UN weather agency says this year is likely to be the warmest on record partly due to increasing greenhouse gas levels. The World Meteorological Organization announced findings of its early report for 2015 at a news conference on Wednesday, ahead of a UN climate change conference to open in Paris later this month. The report says the average global temperature for January through October this year was 0.73 degrees Celsius above the 30-year average through 1990. This makes it highly likely the annual average for 2015 will be the highest on record. The report also says the temperature is likely to be about one degree higher than the pre-industrial 1880-1899 period. The WMO attributes the rise in temperature to increasing levels of CO2 and other greenhouse gases, and prolonged El Nino conditions, or unusually warm ocean temperatures in the equatorial Pacific off South America. WMO Secretary-General Michel Jarraud said urgency is required as temperatures are already one degree higher and greenhouse gas emissions are increasing. But he indicated it is still possible to change the situation if a strong decision is made at the conference in Paris. Source and image: NHK

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Are There Any Attractions In Portland That Focus On Native American History? Certainly Portland, OR offers attractions and resources dedicated to American history providing both locals and tourists an opportunity to delve into the rich heritage of the indigenous peoples, in the area. One notable highlight is the Portland Art Museum, renowned for its collection of American art. With close to 5,000 artifacts on display from over 200 tribes across North America their emphasis lies on showcasing the legacy of Northwest tribes. The museums American art collection encompasses attire, tools and contemporary artworks that provide valuable insights into the artistic expressions and cultural traditions of indigenous communities. Another significant institution that deserves mention is the Oregon Historical Society. Alongside its exhibits this organization houses collections. Conducts programs that chronicle the histories and experiences of Native American communities in Oregon. Their exhibitions often incorporate perspectives to shed light on their contributions to Oregons past. Although located a bit further from Portland in Pendleton, Oregon it is worth acknowledging the Tamastslikt Cultural Institute, for its representation of Cayuse, Umatilla and Walla Walla Tribes history. This institute features exhibits and immersive experiences that vividly depict the traditions and narratives of these peoples spanning from ancient times to contemporary life. In addition there is a museum and cultural center called Chachalu Museum and Cultural Center located about an hours drive, from Portland. It is dedicated specifically to preserving the history and culture of the Grand Ronde Community. This museum features both temporary exhibits, well as educational programs that focus on tribal history and cultural preservation. Apart from these institutions Portland also hosts events and powwows like the Portland Indigenous Marketplace. These gatherings not showcase American art and cultural products but also provide a living representation of the ongoing traditions and social practices within Native communities. Lastly there is the Native American Youth and Family Center (NAYA) in the city. While NAYA isn't a tourist attraction, per se it serves as a community resource offering services, cultural arts programming and family support. Although its primary focus is serving the community NAYA also engages in cultural events that can be enlightening for those outside of it. Here are some additional resources you can explore to gain an understanding of American histories and cultures both, within the context of Portland and the wider Pacific Northwest region; - You can visit the Portland Art Museum, which offers a dedicated section on Native American art. You can find information about it on their website; [link] - Another option is the Oregon Historical Society, where you can learn about aspects of Native American history in the region. Check out their website for details; [link] - The Tamastslikt Cultural Institute is also worth visiting. It provides insights into cultures and traditions. You can learn more about it here; [link] - Additionally the Chachalu Museum and Cultural Center is a place to explore. It offers exhibits that showcase heritage. Find out information on their website; [link] - For an Indigenous shopping experience you might want to visit the Portland Indigenous Marketplace. They offer a variety of products created by artisans. Check them out here; [link] - consider exploring the programs and events organized by the Native American Youth and Family Center (NAYA). They provide resources for learning about cultures in Portland. Visit their website for information; [link] By visiting these venues you'll gain an understanding of Native American histories and cultures, within both Portland's specific context and the broader Pacific Northwest region. 1 Other Answers To: "Are There Any Attractions In Portland That Focus On Native American History?" Portland, Oregon's Native American Heritage Portland, Oregon has a heritage deeply intertwined with the American culture that enriches its diverse landscape. While you won't find a multitude of attractions solely dedicated, to history Portland offers experiences that both celebrate and educate about the indigenous legacy of the area. One exceptional opportunity is the Nations Academy, a high school designed specifically for Native American students. While its primary focus is on education it actively engages with the community through events and programs that offer insights into contemporary Native American education and the preservation of their rich heritage. Portland State University At Portland State University the Native American Student and Community Center serves as a platform where indigenous culture takes stage. It acts as a hub for hosting captivating events such as talks, cultural heritage celebrations and other gatherings that bring together people from backgrounds. Although primarily catering to students needs they occasionally open their doors to welcome audiences. Art and Installations Throughout the city you'll discover art and installations that offer glimpses into Native American contributions and historical significance. For instance in North Portlands Skidmore Bluffs area stands a statue honoring Chief Leodegar Chirouse—a Duwamish educator who belonged to the Oblates of Mary Immaculate religious order. Similar captivating artworks can be found across neighborhoods, in Portland; each narrating an aspect of the regions Native people story. Indigenous Peoples Day Portland's annual celebration of Indigenous Peoples Day offers an opportunity to immerse oneself in the captivating history and vibrant culture of Native Americans. This city wide event showcases a variety of performances, workshops and informative talks that honor and celebrate traditions and heritage. End of the Oregon Trail Interpretive Center For those who're curious to venture beyond the city limits the End of the Oregon Trail Interpretive Center, in Oregon City thoughtfully incorporates elements of the regions history into its exhibits. This includes exploring the experiences and impact that the Oregon Trail had on tribes. Columbia River Gorge Moreover natural sites surrounding Portland, such as the Columbia River Gorge hold historical, cultural and spiritual significance for indigenous tribes. Local tours and interpretive signs often provide insights, into how these lands were utilized and cared for by indigenous communities. On top of these attractions Portland also actively supports a range of festivals educational programs initiatives and temporary art exhibitions that offer an enriching cultural experience. - Many Nations Academy; You can find more information about their youth academy at link. - Native American Student and Community Center at PSU; Learn about the center dedicated to supporting Native American students and fostering community at Portland State University by visiting link. - Indigenous Peoples Day Portland; Discover how Portland celebrates Indigenous Peoples Day honoring the contributions of Native Americans through this webpage link. - End of the Oregon Trail Interpretive Center; Explore the center that provides insights into the experiences and stories of those who traveled along the Oregon Trail. Find out more at link. - Columbia River Gorge National Scenic Area; Immerse yourself in the beauty of this area while learning about its significance to Native American communities. Get information, about this site at link.

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Cobalt (Co) Nanopowder/Nanoparticles Purity: 99.5%, Size: 100 nm Cobalt is a chemical element with the atomic number 27. Cobalt is found in chemically combined form. The cobalt is hard and solid with grayish color. Cobalt has a high boiling and melting points. At room temperature and standard pressure cobalt can barely be oxidized. But if cobalt is heated, a cobalt oxide is formed. The oxide from cobalt can be used in many useful applications and the material acquires various colors depending on Cobalts oxidation state.

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What have you been reading this month? Here’s what our clinical team has been talking about. - 3 Ways Assistive Technology Supports Students with Disabilities – See how technology is expanding opportunities for students with special needs more than ever before. (EdTech Magazine) - MyYoungerSelf Educator Toolkit – Resources and discussion guide to help kids and teens understand how other people with disabilities have managed difficulties and achieved success in life. (Child Mind Institute) - Principals support SEL efforts, but want more teacher training – School principals overwhelmingly agree that social-emotional learning programs are important, but only a third have a plan for teaching and implementing SEL school-wide. (Education DIVE) - How schools are disrupting dyslexia – Districts are seeing success with early screening and intervention for students with dyslexia (District Administration) - 5 Strategies to Demystify the Learning Process for Struggling Students – Drawing on neuroscience, Barbara Oakley helps others learn how to learn. (KQED Mind/Shift)

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Alienation and Faith In this essay Rabbi Sacks demonstrates how the truth of the Torah can be found in every field of Philosophy, Psychology, Theology, Sociology etc. As a polymath, Rabbi Sacks applies his deep knowledge of many of these fields in order to deepen our understanding of our Judaism, and in this eassy he further distinguishes between the “undivided mind” of a Chassid and the Modern Orthodox Jew and Rav Joseph B. Soloveitchik. Of all the phenomena, spiritual and social, that characterise contemporary existence, centrality of significance belongs to alienation. The distance at which the individual stands from an easy, immediate and innocent identification with nation, society, his physical environment, and other people is a distinguishing mark of the age; and one which has its obvious spiritual reflection. For the relationship between man and God is not independent of that between man and the world. When man is prised off the surface of the world by his technical mastery of natural forces; when this succeeds to self-consciousness and reflection; and this gives way in turn to loneliness and despair of innocence regained, then, in parallel, we can trace a widening gap between humanity and God, from the Thou of revelation, to the He of the halachah, to the It of the philosophers, and to the hidden and unreachable God of the crisis theologians, who begin, in His absence, to turn to other consolations. We must distinguish the ontological condition of loneliness, from the occasional mood of estrangement that comes on men even in the heart of a period of direct relationship. For ours is not the loneliness of the Psalmist: “I am become a stranger to my brothers and alien to my mother’s children” (Psalms 69:9), for he can still speak the Thou and expect an answer: “For the L-rd hearkens to the needy” (ibid. v. 34). Nor do we face the God of Isaiah: “In truth you are the God who hides Himself.” Intentional concealment is concealment for a purpose, part of the dialectic of revelation, a gesture understood by the lover of God. The Zohar speaks of this in the famous allegory of the maiden in the castle: The Torah lets out a word and emerges for a little from its concealment, and then hides herself again. But this she does only for those who understand and obey her. Our isolation, in contrast, belongs to our times, a time when, it would seem, even the hiddenness is hidden. A story about the Baal Shem Tov explains the nature of double concealment. It is said that one day on a journey he met a child who was crying, and when he asked him why, the child said: I was playing with my friends, and I was to hide. But I have hidden myself so well that they cannot find me. This, it is said in the name of the Baal Shem Tov, is God’s situation. To hide one’s face is to seek to be found; but when one is so hidden that even the fact that one exists in hiding, is hidden, then the separation is of a tragic order. Together with a separation of man from God and the world goes an estrangement of man from himself. If, as Buber says, “All real living is meeting,” then the absence of real meeting means the absence of life, in its wholeness and integrity. Identity is given in relation; a man whose meetings are distant encounters does not even possess himself. This, of course, is a universal phenomenon and a central datum of our political and social philosophy, psychology and theology. The question I want to pose in this essay is: what place does it have in the inner history of Judaism? Must we as Jews participate in this movement of the soul? Is the attempt to stand aside from it an act of bad faith; a misinterpretation of our proper stance towards our location in time; or simply one which, however intentioned, is bound to fail? Do we have a refuge from alienation, or must a Baal Teshuvah (“returnee” to a Torah way of life) expect to inhabit the same locus of existential doubt as he did before his return? Obviously our answer to these questions will help to define Judaism’s relevance to one of the secular crises of the day. But there is a preliminary point to be made about this constant demand made of Judaism that it be relevant. And that is that there are two modes of relevance: one might label them the emphatic or concessive, and the redemptive. One can relate to someone else’s problems by entering into his situation, seeing it with his eyes; or by addressing his problems from one’s own unchanged perspective. By the first method one wins the advantage of fully understanding his problem, at the risk of losing all that might have enabled one to solve it, even at the risk of being infected with the same problem oneself. Because one’s situation is now the same as his, it now afflicts both. The second preserves a way of escape, the possibility of new and unforeseen perspectives, but at the cost of an unmediated distance between the one who asks and the one who answers. Both forms of relevance embody a paradox. But what must be remembered is that neither has an intrinsic priority over the other. And that the possibility that Judaism might stand diametrically opposed to contemporary movement of consciousness does not, eo ipso entail its irrelevance to, or its independence from, its context in secular time. Rabbi J. B. Soloveitchik, in his justly famous article, “The Lonely Man of Faith,” belongs in effect if not in intention to the stance of empathic relevance. For the Jew, as he conceives him, is (in the paradox of sacrifice) doomed to and at the same time blessed by an existence which is divided, alienated and lonely. This is not to say that for Rabbi Soloveitchik, Jewish experience is a paradigm of the modem consciousness in its mood of existential despair. In at least three ways the experience he depicts differs from the secular condition: (i) The alienation of the man of faith is not a consequence of a sense of meaninglessness, but rather the opposition of two sharply sensed and incompatible meanings. His self is not so much distanced from the world as divided within itself. A sense of two realities prevents each aspect of the Jew from making its home in any one of them. (ii) Whereas the secular man’s alienation is born of a sense of being left alone without a God, the alienation of the Jew is God-given, for it arises out of the tension between two fundamental Divine commands. Indeed to feel alienated is to have succeeded rather than to be forlorn; it is to have demonstrated the fidelity of one’s response. (iii) Lastly this religious alienation is not a phenomenon conditioned by time. Rabbi Soloveitchik finds its source in the two aspects of Adam; and it was a tension felt by the prophets. Modem secularism may make it more acute, but it is part of the permanent condition of the Jew. Rabbi Soloveitchik is not writing for the unbeliever, to provide him with a mode of re-entry into commitment; nor does he write detachedly, making comparisons. He speaks subjectively, seeking response. But here is a point in time where a defining mood of Judaism finds an echo in the prevalent mood of the secular world, a time when the two might share a vocabulary of the emotions. I want, in contrast rather than disagreement, to describe an alternative phenomenology of the Jewish self, one which arises equally naturally from the traditional sources, and one in which the divided self occupies a different and impermanent place. There is a sense, strongly present in the account of Adam’s creation, persisting through the Torah, explicit in the Psalms, and analysed often enough in Kabbalistic and Chassidic sources, that alienation and loneliness are defective states, the consequence of sin, and that the religious man of any age transcends divisions, subsumes contrasts into harmonious emotion, and exists in unmediated closeness to God, the world and other Jews. In short, I want to argue that Judaism stands to contemporary alienation in a redemptive rather than an empathetic relation. Rabbi Soloveitchik’s analysis is too well known to require more than a brief recapitulation here. It is that the two kinds of command given to Adam in the two versions of his creation (Genesis I and II) define two typological responses. There is Majestic man, formed “in the image of God” and commanded to “subdue” the world; and Redemptive or Covenantal man, made “from the dust of the earth” and charged to “guard and keep” the creation. Majestic man is creative, technological, functional, dignified in his mastery over nature and existing in the realm of victorious act. Redemptive man, on the other hand, is non-functional, receptive, loyal, submissive, separated from nature not by his de facto dominion but by the covenant by which he is entrusted to redeem the world by bringing his actions under the will of God. Majestic man lives in the assertion of the will; redemptive man in its extinction. But both live in uneasy co-existence within each Jew, for he has been given both commands. On the one hand he has to master the world, and on the other, he has to offer it in humble dedication to God. Not only is the Jew an intrinsically divided self, but also ineluctably, a lonely one. For each unquiescent element of his being defeats the attempted consummation of the other. Majestic man, that figure of will and conquest, is vulnerable not to loneliness but to being alone. For “dignity” – his mode of being – is a social category, presupposing recognition by others; and practical power – his objective – requires the co-operation of others. In “natural communities” (functional combinations rather than empathetic unions) he finds his completion. Redemptive man, however, is open to loneliness, for his existence lies neither in the co-operation nor the recognition of others but in his relation, qua solitary being, with God. He can transcend this only in the “covenantal community,” one forged not by identity of interests but by identity of relationship towards God – a triadic encounter, whose paradigms are prayer and prophecy. Each might find community but for the insistent claims of the other. Majestic man is wrenched from his functional involvement by a sudden awareness of personal encounter with a God who transcends nature; and the Redemptive man is forced at times to relinquish his community of faith by the exigencies of practical labour, and the cognitive categories in which this must be conducted. Neither can be reduced to the other, and thus neutralised. Majesty requires the redemptive vision to give its creative enterprises ultimate validation; and the content of this vision cannot be completely translated into functional concepts. This internal rift is given added poignancy in our time which is an age primarily of technological achievement. Faced with a community of Majestic men the man of faith is bound either to betray himself or be misunderstood; and all that faces him is a retreat into solitude. This typology, reminiscent in many ways of Hegel’s Master/Slave dichotomy, defines a tension which many Jews undoubtedly experience in their oscillation between secular and Jewish involvements, and throws a critical light on the easy assumptions of synthesis and compatibility made, for example, by S. R. Hirsch. But it is clearly of great importance to know whether this is a contingent or a necessary phenomenon – whether Judaism contains within itself the means of transcending this dichotomy without on the one hand retreating from the creative endeavours of Majestic man; and on the other, of excluding all but the atypically righteous (the Patriarchs and Moses according to Rabbi Soloveitchik’s concession) from this transcendence. What makes one suppose that there is such a transcendence, accessible as the natural consequence of a righteous life, is the constant reiteration of just this claim, particularly in the Psalms. If we take as an example Psalm 1, it is immediately striking that Rabbi Soloveitchik’s picture of the restless, wandering, unquiet soul is exactly that of the unrighteous man of the Psalm, who is “like the chaff which is blown by the wind” – one is tempted to continue in T. S. Eliot’s extension of the metaphor: “driven this way and that, and finding no place of lodgement and germination.” The righteous, in contrast, flourish in two dimensions. They are rooted, “like a tree planted by streams of water”; and they are possessed of progress, for “God regards the way of the righteous” while the movement of the wicked is stultified (graphically conveyed by the order of verbs in the Psalm’s first verse from “walking” to “standing” to “sitting”). Rootedness and progress stand as opposites to alienation on the one hand and nihilism and anomie on the other. (These dimensions can be correlated with Rabbi Soloveitchik’s typology, for the tree is the image of covenantal man, flourishing in passive receptivity to the source of its life, the “streams of water” being a familiar image for Torah; while progress, “the way”, is the symbol of independent and mobile activity) … If we doubted this, we need only remember that other predicate of the righteous, iemimut; as in Psalm 119:1. The cluster of meanings gathered round tamim stand in polar opposition to the divided self: complete/ finished/ entire/ innocent/ simple/ possessing integrity. The concept is clearly related to the subsequent verse (Ps. 119:10) “With my whole heart I have sought Thee.” In Psalm 8 the paradox of the two aspects is stated explicitly: “What is man that you are mindful of him?” yet, “You have made him little lower than the divine” – this is clearly the “dust of the earth” become “image of God.” But the tone is one of thanksgiving rather than tension, and this is the normal expression of the paradox in Judaism: wonder that a transcendent God should seek a dirah betachtonim, a dwelling in the lowest sphere of existence, and should entrust a physical being with His redemptive work. In light of this, when we turn to the accounts of Adam’s creation in Genesis 1 and 2, the natural reading (and that taken by Rashi, for example) is to regard the second as a qualification or explication of the first, rather than to see them as essentially opposed. [Though this] still leaves unanswered the question, how are we to resolve the apparent contradiction (or at least contrast of emphasis) between man as “dust of the earth” and as “image of God”; between “serving and guarding” and “subduing”…? It is worth considering briefly whether the two aspects of the involvement of the man of faith in the world, necessarily generate a bifurcation in his character. If not, then the way is clear for an alternative phenomenology of Jewish consciousness; for we would have severed the typology of character from its roots in the Divine command. When we speak of a pull between a Jew’s secular and religious involvements, we are apt to become confused, because there is not one but many things that might be denoted by that contrast. There are at least the following: - the realm of the secular and the realm of the holy; - a universal concern for human welfare and a particularistic concern for Jewish interests; - identity qua man as such, and identity as a Jew; - a secular attitude towards the world and a sanctifying attitude. These may be related, but they occupy different dimensions. Identity, concern and attitude belong to distinguishable psychological strata. Each contrast deserves extensive treatment, but in this context we are only interested to know (a) does each of these have to be internalised by a Jew, are they contingent, or integral, to his destiny? and (b) is each a genuine conflict? (i) is certainly a pseudo-conflict: the secular and the holy are not objectively distinct realms. There is nothing (in the domain of the halachically permitted) that cannot be redeemed or made holy by a sanctifying use. This is a familiar theme. Less familiar is the ex post facto sanctification of the forbidden when in an act of “repentance from great love” the intentional sins of the penitent are added to his merit (Talmud, Yoma 86b). Even if we discount this, for it cannot be directly intended (which would amount to the Sabbatian heresy of redemption through sin), the realm of the forbidden is not the proper territory of the Jew and so does not constitute a distinct area of his involvement. (ii) is not a conflict at all. Concern for human welfare as such is part of Jewish law, if not an entirely unproblematic one. The welfare of fellow Jews, in order of the proximity of their claims (“The poor who are neighbours before all others; the poor of one’s family before the poor of one’s city; the poor of one’s city before the poor of another city”), is simply part of this general concern; prior but not separate. (iii) is a spurious opposition. What is to be a man as such? A man’s identity is given in relation and in the context of some community. Each community has its own culture and vocabulary which gives it its distinctive way of allowing its members to see themselves as men. The idea of universal moral truths, not in the sense of those believed by an individual to apply to all men, but in the sense of truths believed by all men, is a fiction. There are no cross-cultural moral constants, and the search for them has been criticised in much contemporary work in anthropology and philosophy (Chomsky end Levi-Strauss notwithstanding). The man of faith qua Jew is a moral man as such, and no more could intelligibly be demanded of him without this being a tacit insistence on his cultural assimilation. Indeed the cultural tensions of the American- or Anglo-Jew are contingencies not merely of their spatio-temporal location but of the particular attitude prevailing within the non-Jewish society as to the proper cultural stance of its minorities. As a tension, it may be real, but it is not part of the essential God-given directive to the Jew. This is not to argue for separatism, for there are ways of entering into a secular society’s common concerns without compromising one’s religious integrity, and these have been outlined by Rabbi Soloveitchik in his statement on Interfaith Relationships. (iv) Only here do we approach something in the nature of a real conflict. The Jew has his part to play in the building of a technology designed to ameliorate the human situation, and this necessitates the adoption of “cognitive-technological” concepts and frames of reference. The causal-deterministic framework, the detached subject-object mode of cognition, the mind ever open to the refutation of its hypotheses, are all necessary to a science whose aim is prediction and manipulation. It is not merely that these have their linear contrasts in the religious mind: a non-deterministic schema with place for responsibility and choice, empathetic I-Thou relation with the objects of experience, and a mind unshakeably convinced of its moral truths; for these are contrasts between the scientific and the moral, and can be reconciled in purely secular terms. What is irreducible in the religious vision is the defining sense of relation with the Transcendent; and this seems to rule out all reconciliation. We must remember here that what is at stake is not a clash of empirical claims between science and religion. How we are to resolve these is a matter of some choice (between qualifying the pshat of the Torah and limiting the epistemological status of scientific extrapolation, for example), and anyway calls for case-by-case analysis. But we are in a position now, in the aftermath of the Victorian chauvinism of science, to regard the clash as essentially resolvable. Instead, what is supposed to remain intractable is the opposition of attitudes of the Jew as scientist and as sanctifier of the world. How can a person moving in the nexus of a world-view restricted to the discovery of empirical causes fail at times to lose sight of the God who transcends the observable, the God whom he addresses when he removes himself to prayer, by His four-lettered name? This, I think, rests on a confusion. Karl Popper has distinguished between what he calls the essentialist and the instrumentalist views of scientific truth. For the essentialist, scientific laws state simple truths about the world, so that in his view Einstein and Newton are strictly incompatible. Whereas the instrumentalist sees them not as truths at all, in the ordinary sense of the word, but rather as tools for prediction; so that Einstein’s invention of an instrument which has more extensive predictive application does not falsify but instead restricts the relative usefulness of Newton’s laws. Popper gives a number of reasons for preferring to work under the instrumentalist conception. And if we as Jews adopt it, it becomes clear that the use of scientific hypothesis does not represent the adoption of any alternative world view, any more than does the use of any other instrument, say, the picking up of a hammer to fix a mezuzah. Majestic man is simply covenantal man at work, in perfecting the tools by which he is to gain control over the natural world for the sake of enlarging the range of his halachic activities, supporting a growing population, removing poverty and disease, and preserving the environment. Only under an essentialist construction of the scientist’s search for the truth could we maintain the semblance of an incompatibility between the task of creation and the work of redemption. What, then, is the place of alienation and loneliness in the Jewish analysis of the emotions? Of course, there is no single analysis, but we can detect two recurring tendencies of thought, the one in line with Rabbi Soloveitchik’s, the other which I wish to present here. A classic source for the alternative phenomenology is the famous chapter 32 of the Tanya of Rabbi Schneur Zalman of Liadi: Through the fulfilment of [the previously mentioned act of repentance in which the transgressions of the body are distinguished in one’s mind from the soul which remains ever in its undisturbed relation with God] … by which one’s [errant] body is viewed with scorn and contempt, and one’s joy is in the soul alone, through this one finds a direct and simple way to fulfil the commandment “And you shall love your fellow as yourself” [a love which is to be shown] to every Jewish soul, great or small. For although one’s body is despised and loathed, who can know the greatness and depth of the soul and the spirit in their source and origin in the living God? And since all [of the souls of Israel] are related, and all emanate from one Father, all Israel are literally called “brothers”: in that the source of their souls is in the One God, and they are divided only by virtue of their bodies. Therefore those who give priority to their body over their soul, find it impossible to share true love and brotherhood except that which is conditional on some benefit [and hence ephemeral]. This is what Hillel the Elder meant when he said about this commandment [the love of Israel]: “This is the whole Torah; and the rest is commentary.” For the foundation and source of all Torah is to elevate and give ascendancy to the soul over the body … Although this passage is written in the context of the practical question of how to achieve the love of one’s fellow man, and the theosophical repercussions that an achieved unity has in terms of Divine blessing, it contains a clear statement of the phenomenology of a community of faith. (1) Ahavat Yisroel – the mutual relation of the faith community – is specifically religious emotion, a distinguishing feature of the men of faith. For it presupposes a metaphysic (man as an embodied soul; the unity of all souls at their source) which is implicit only in the second account of Adam’s creation. How does it differ from other forms of human collectivity? It is not the community of experience adumbrated by Hobbes, a contract founded on mutual self-interest; nor is it the functional community, joined in collective enterprise, to which man belongs in his role as creative or technological being. It is not even the I-Thou encounter with another in which he is known in his full strangeness and otherness. It belongs to the perception of a real unity, a breaking down of the walls between self and otherness. It is unconditional and untempered by time. It does not lie at the surface of the soul’s awareness, but hidden in its deepest reaches. It is gained only by the strictest spiritual self-discipline. If we have a model of it in ordinary life, it is in the mutual bond between parent and child. A metaphorical similarity can be found in Jung’s concept of the collective unconscious. What do we mean by saying that it cannot exist at the level of bodily existence, but only “when the body is despised?” Clearly the Tanya is not advocating asceticism and body-denial. The contrast which is being indicated here is between two modes of identity. How are we aware of our individuality? Man as part of nature individuates himself from his environment by the perception that he is bodily distinct from others. He feels pain when his body is injured, but not when it happens to another body. This is the genesis of his opposition self/not-self. And this too is the origin of his sense of existential loneliness; he cannot enter into another mind since it is inseparably linked to another body. Natural man is prey to the anguish of solipsism – in which Descartes, for example, is imprisoned until he brings God into his class of certain knowledge. His experiences are bounded by the concepts of opposition/identity/selfhood/loneliness. The man who is defined by his relation with God is only dialectically aware of himself as a distinct entity. He was made by God, indeed he can reach God by an inward journey to the depths of his soul. He is joined with God in love and separated from Him in awe. But even the separation is full of the consciousness of God. So his embodiment in the physical world is not his only or his primary reality: he views it teleologically. He is placed here for a purpose, and he can discover this by analysing his capacities and his environment – this I can effect, this I cannot. His identity is given by his distinctive role in relation to the world, his covenantal mission. But in being himself – in performing his role – he is placing himself in harmonious fusion with the rest of the world, for his role has meaning only in the light of all others. It is said: there are 600,000 letters in the Torah and 600,000 Jewish souls. Each soul is like a letter of the Torah. Each is distinct but meaningful only in the context of the whole. And though they have no independent reality, each is supremely important for if a single letter is missing or malformed, the whole Sefer Torah is unfit for use. So for the man of faith individuality belongs to the not-self and to a redemptive function which is of transcendental origin and which embraces the world. Its reality is in community, so that the faith community is different in kind from all others: it is not a coming together of initially separate existences, for it is the only air its members can breathe. This is the typology which relates the “life of the body” to loneliness and the “life of the soul” to communion. It is not as if the man of faith, being an embodied soul, must oscillate between them. For his identity is at the level of soul; body is merely the medium through which he does his redemptive work. (2) How, on this account, does loneliness enter the life of the Jew? It belongs to the triadic process: sin, separation from God, and loneliness amongst men. And it comes about in this way: he who sins opposes his will to the will of God. And the person in whom this self-assertion is the motivating force, cannot tolerate other selves, for they are potential obstacles to his self-realisation. So his only mode of relation is conditional and self-interested, and this is not fully to concede the separate reality of others. He is caught in the prison of the self. In this way we can understand that strange verse (Genesis 2:18): “And the Lord God said, it is not good for man to be alone. I will make him ezer ke-negdo (‘a helpmeet opposite him’).” Rabbi Soloveitchik sees in this the permanent paradoxical condition of human relationship; friendship (ezer) and otherness (ke-negdo) are inseparable. But Rashi has another reading. “If he is worthy, she shall be a help (ezer) to him; if he is unworthy, she shall be opposed to him (ke-negdo) to fight him.” The man who lives his life in the Torah finds union; he who separates himself from it, separates himself from other men, even those closest to him. Loneliness is the condition of sin. Indeed, this is demonstrated in the very next chapter, in the narration of the first sin. “And the eyes of both of them were opened, and they knew that they were naked.” The consequence of sin was self-consciousness, which is the progenitor of loneliness. And what they noticed, significantly, was their bodily state; what they perceived was its tragic significance for those who make it their reality. Immediately their thinking became embedded in physical space; “And the man and his wife hid themselves from the face of the Lord God, amidst the trees of the garden,” as if relation and hiddenness were spatial categories. If we needed further proof of the relation between hubris and alienation we could not find a more graphic illustration than in the episode of the Tower of Babel (Genesis 11). “And the whole earth was of one language and few words.” Language is the medium of communication, yet paradoxically those closest to each other are least in need of words, “One language” – the world was a single community; “of few words” – their community was an empathetic union. But the bond was a false one, belonging to the level of material expediency. “And they said to one another, Come, let us make bricks … and build ourselves a city and a tower with its top in the heaven, and let us make a name for ourselves.” They wanted, true to Aristotle’s analysis of the creative urge, to make themselves permanent by externalising themselves in a physical object. Their reality belonged to a material world. In it they saw permanence and in it they thought they could embody themselves in the work of creation. The result was fitting and inevitable; “And the L-rd said … come let us go down and confuse their language so that they may not understand one another’s speech.” This is real ontological loneliness, the severing of the lines of communication. Alienation, then, has its place in the inner life of the Jew: as the corollary of sin. The Jew who returns, the Baal Teshuvah, finds refuge and relation restored to him. (3) Might we nonetheless be mistaken in thinking that Ahavat Yisroel and its corresponding community of faith, constituted the central relational mode of the Jew? if we are, then how are we to account for Hillel’s dictum, “This is the whole Torah, the rest is commentary.” The answer lies deeper than in the idea that the love of the faith community is triadic, that Jew is bound to Jew in the identity of their relation to God, so that only in the context of a whole life of Torah and mitzvot does Ahavat Yisroel appear. It belongs instead to the explication of the opaque remark of the Zohar: “Israel, the Torah and God are all one.” This is not an ethical but an ontological statement, meaning that our very concept of separate existences lies at the level of religious estrangement; and that through a life not merely lived but seen through Torah, God’s immanent presence, His will (as embodied in the Torah) and the collectivity of Jewish souls are a real (in the Platonic sense) unity. The very idea of relation implies that there are two or more distinct things related. What the Zohar is suggesting is that the way of experience in Judaism demands a profound revision in our ontological categories; a move similar in kind though opposite in intention to Spinoza’s radicalism about “substance”. To put it more mildly, as we have shown, Ahavat Yisroel contains its own specific notion of personal identity; this can be acquired only in the life of Torah; so that the life of Torah and the precondition of the faith community are identical. Hillel’s dictum is therefore precisely correct. His existence in the community of faith is the whole life of the Jew. The distance between the phenomenology of the Jew and that of secular man is what allows Judaism to hold out what I earlier called redemptive relevance to the crises with which the Jew is faced when he is alienated from his faith. We can make this clearer by a brief account of the relation between love and the self as they are related within and outside of Judaism. 1. “A love which is conditional, ceases when the condition is unfulfilled” (Ethics of the Fathers 5:19). There are many loves whose nature is tacitly conditional on the satisfaction of the desires of the one who loves. The child loves his teacher because he is dependent on him. The disciple loves his master because he exemplifies the virtues. Because there is an intentional object of desire, when the loved one ceases to satisfy the implicit requirements of that object it ceases to arouse that love. This is a love which is not blind to faults; and also one in which there is a yesh mi she-ohev, “a self that loves.” The Jew who loves God as the creator of the material world and its pleasures, is not yet God-intoxicated; nor is he if his love is one which is in love with itself – which lives on satisfactions of prayer, learning or mitzvot. For his desires (and so his self) are still intact. His love lives in the tension between self and otherness. 2. “The love which is unconditional will not pass away for ever” (ibid.). Here, he who loves is conscious only of that which is loved. Being oblivious of self, it is unconditional: it is the emotional corollary of the ontological condition of the not-self. This is the love of “Nullify your will to His will” (Ethics of the Fathers 2:4) and is the distinctive quality of the man of faith. But we must distinguish between the unconditional love which requires a stimulus and that which does not. The Jewish moralists have all been aware that this love is not a passion but a mode of recognition (that all human existence is continually dependent on God). Meditation and prayer are the necessary preliminaries. But not for all. There are those rare spirits for whom this recognition is an immediate and dominating awareness. So that we should not be led into the mistake of thinking that the difference between the exceptional and the normal Jew is one between unconditional and conditional love, which would be to concede that the normal condition is one of paradox and tension. Rather it lies between immediacy and active arousal, or the achievement and the task, both within the single dimension of the unconditional. This is the emotional geography of the secular and the religious mind. It is not a paradox to say that the Jew abandons selfhood. Conditional love is potentially promiscuous, it can take many objects. It could not be the love of which a monotheistic religion speaks when it talks of the love of God. And this transcendence of yeshut, “etre pour-soi”, is what removes divisions and ends the loneliness of the man of faith. I spoke earlier about two tendencies in Jewish thought, the one outlined above and the other in which Rabbi Soloveitchik’s analysis is foreshadowed. We can trace this back to a disagreement between Nachmanides and Ibn Ezra on the interpretation of the verse (Deuteronomy 11:22), “And you shall love God, to walk in all His ways and to cleave (le-davka) to Him.” Is it possible that man should be in intimate relation with God at all times? Or must Majesty sometimes interfere with Covenant? Ibn Ezra comments, “To cleave to Him: at the end, for it is a great mystery,” implying perhaps that it is a communion reached only at death. Whereas Nachmanides says: “It is, in fact, the meaning of ‘cleaving’ that one should remember God and His love at all times, and not be separated in thought from Him ‘when you go on your way and when you lie down and rise up’. At such a stage, one may be talking with other people but one’s heart is not with (i.e., confined to) them, since one is in the presence of God.” The suffusion of man’s social existence with his covenantal intimacy with God is for Nachmanides a this-worldly possibility. But for whom is it possible? Here again the ways divide. One path is taken by Maimonides. By philosophy and meditation a man may reach the rank of prophecy, and this is the highest natural perfection. But it is still the realm of the divided self. “When you have succeeded in properly performing these acts of Divine service, and you have your thought during their performance entirely abstracted from worldly affairs, then take care that your thoughts be not disturbed by thinking of your wants or of superfluous things. In short, think of worldly matters when you eat, drink, bathe, talk with your wife, and little children, or when you converse with other people.” Devekut, cleaving, is an act of seclusion and prayer is its sanctuary. Emerging into the mundane, one relinquishes that union. Only at the highest level of prophecy, where Moses and the Patriarchs stand, does this partition dissolve. “When we therefore find them (these few exalted men) also engaged in ruling others, in increasing their property, and endeavouring to obtain possession of wealth and honour, we see in this fact proof that when they were occupied in these things, only their bodily limbs were at work, whilst their heart and mind never moved away from the name of God.” This is a level not to be attained through training. It is a specific act of grace. It cannot be the aim of any spiritual journey: it must always be unexpected. Strangely enough, we find Maimonides’ ideas mirrored in the Kabbalistic tradition. Accepting that devekut was for the ordinary man the product of seclusion, the Kabbalah pursued this to its logical conclusion. He who makes devekut his aim must sever his contacts with the world and practise a meditative retreat. It is only in Chassidism that we find, as it were, a democratisation of Maimonides. Cleaving to God in all His ways is removed from Ibn Ezra’s category of “mystery” where it had lain even in the Kabbalah. Once the implication of the unity of God is perceived – that nothing exists except in Him – then one can preserve the state of communion and the not-self even when immersed in the world, for by carrying out the Divine imperative one not only realises but also enters into the reality of God’s will. To be sure, there is a distinction to be preserved between normality and grace (Maimonides’ lower and higher prophecy) but this is to be conceived, as we have already explained, in terms of the devekut which needs arousal and that which is immediate and ever-present. The normal man of faith still preserves the distinction between practical action and rededicative withdrawal and arousal, but this is not the opposition of Majesty and Redemptiveness; but the realised and preparatory stages of Redemptiveness itself. In summary, not one but two readings of the inner possibilities of the Jew are implicit in tradition; and with them go two interpretations of man’s creation, of his stance towards the world and God, and of the nature of his relation to other men. And at a time when loneliness is the condition of the estranged Jew, one reading offers empathy, the other, healing. To state this contrast is not to formulate an opposition; simply to open another gate. When Moses sent men to spy out the land of Canaan, after their years in the wilderness, they returned with divided reports (Numbers 13). Ten said, “We came to the land where you sent us, and truly it flows with milk and honey … (but) it is a land which consumes its inhabitants.” But Caleb said, “We should surely go up and possess it, for we are well able to do so.” What is at first sight unintelligible is how the ten could have uttered a counsel of despair. They were not ordinary men, but were chosen on God’s command from the princes of the tribes. They had already been promised (Exodus 3:17) that God would bring them “up out of the affliction of Egypt … to a land flowing with milk and honey.” They had seen God revealed on Mt. Sinai. They had been delivered victorious in the battle with Amalek. There is a Chassidic explanation. In the wilderness, the Israelites had no creative or constructive work to do. Their food and water were provided by God; He guided them; His presence dwelt amongst them in the Tabernacle. They were at the height of covenantal withdrawal, the Divine hand surrounded them like a protective wall. Canaan meant emergence, practical responsibility, the work of building up a nation; and the ten feared immersion in the secular and the hiding of the face of God from sight. “It is a land which consumes its inhabitants.” They saw Covenant and Majesty, distinct and opposed, and they trembled and held back. Caleb did not see it. He knew that sanctuary is mere preparation and that redemption was its fulfilment, a work which saw no reality in the secular except as the yet-unredeemed. The ten spoke and the people were unsettled: a divided vision confronted them. Caleb spoke and the people were stilled. All the spies were men of faith (they had seen God with their own eyes); not all of them were lonely men.

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A good diet is imperative for people with a diagnosis of ADHD. One of the most important components of a healthy ADHD diet is eating a good amount of vegetables. Vegetables are important for ADHD because all vegetables have polyphenols. The polyphenols are a huge class of natural supplements that have been used of late to treat everything from cancer to ADHD. Polyphenols occur in all plant food and are known to be powerful antioxidants but recent studies have found that certain polyphenols act to normalize vitamin, mineral and hormone levels in the brain and in other organs in our bodies. The mechanisms of action and the benefits of vegetable polyphenols go even beyond the improvement in this normalization of nutrient use and reduction in oxidative stress. We know for sure that vegetables help cognition and may even help the cognitive deficits found in ADHD. A study performed at Harvard and published in the Annals of Neurology, looking at data for over 13,000 women; found that total vegetable intake was significantly associated with less cognitive decline. As more research is completed we learn more about the importance of a vegetable rich diet and we learn how fruits and vegetable consumption helps our brains and other organs function better. Much has been written about the Mediterranean diet and its role in increasing longevity but far less has been written about this diet and brain health. The Mediterranean diet is very rich in polyphenols. Supplements such as coffee, pycnogenol, ginko-biloba and soy based phosphatidylserine are all polyphenols. They are all anti-oxidants but the ADHD benefits that they confer all come from confer different mechanisms. Some studies indicate that in ADHD polyphenols repair the alteration of the metabolism of some trace elements which is part of the problem seem in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). There are several polyphenols that have been found to be helpful in the treatment of ADHD. Coffee is a polyphenol in the Phenolic acid class. It has been found to help memory and attention in ADHD. Pycnogenol is a strong polyphenol in the same class of polyphenols as red wine, dark berries, and grape seed extract. Pycnogenol has been found is several studies to improve the symptoms of ADHD and a recent study found that pycnogenol improved the zinc, iron and copper profiles of children with ADHD offering one explanation of how this polyphenol may help ADHD. More information on pycnogenol and ADHD can be found at this post. One of the most studied polyphenol is soy. Soy is in the flavanoid class of polyphenols. The benefits of soy are many but a new study in the Journal of Clinical Biochemical Nutrition, published in November of 2010 determined that soybean derived phosphatidylserine improves memory and cognition and other studies have found Phosphatidylserine helpful in the treatment of ADHD. Catechins are polyphenols found in green and white tea, chocolate, berries and apples. The catechins have also been found to be helpful for ADHD cognition. A recent study of 700 adults published last year, in the Journal of Nutrition, Health and Aging, found that “Tea consumption was associated with better cognitive performance in community-living Chinese older adults. The protective effect of tea consumption on cognitive function was not limited to particular type of tea.” You can get polyphenols into your system by eating supplements but multiple studies have shown the absorption and the benefits of polyphenols are greater if you eat polyphenol rich fruits and vegetables. Unfortunately vegetables are, in this country, under consumed by children so supplements must fill the gap left by dietary inadequacies. I believe that a good ADHD diet and having your kids eat vegetables is so important that several years ago I started a garden in my yard. I wanted my kids to grow vegetables that they would nurture, love and then eat. I have grown carrots, radishes, potatoes, tomatoes, zucchini, pumpkin, corn, peppers and eggplant and with the exception of the eggplant, my kids have devoured all their vegetables. My kids love picking the cherry tomatoes right of the plant and popping them into their mouths, they love the carrots and often pick them before they are ready because they are sweet and cute and the fresh corn is like candy to them. s489 60 mg

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The Tharald Homestead, built in 1883, is historically significant as an intact pioneer farm on Shaw Island in San Juan County. The homestead is a representative example of a typical pioneer Scandinavian settlement in Washington State and is noted for its use of “Nordic” style architecture. Moreover, the homestead is one of the best and oldest examples of its kind to survive in all of San Juan County, Washington. In 1936, Dr. Fredrick Ellis and his family purchased the property and added several contributing buildings to the resource. Since 1951, the Ellis Family has continued not only to preserve the original architectural character of the farmstead, but has also established easements on some 400 additional surrounding acres of property to permanently conserve a wildlife habit on the site, while protecting old growth forest on Shaw Island. Additionally, a peninsula that encloses this pristine bay was donated to the University of Washington as a biological preserve.

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At Roche CP School we are in the ‘Sustaining’ phase of our Mastery Maths journey which we have fully embraced since 2017. We cover the scope of the 3 main aims of the National Curriculum (Fluency, Problem Solving and Reasoning) using NCETM’s ‘5 big ideas in teaching for mastery’ (See diagram below). We want our children to be fluent in the fundamentals of Mathematics. We believe if children can manipulate numbers confidently, accurately, efficiently and flexibly they will then be able to develop their problem solving and reasoning skills successfully. We have spent time researching and creating our own Maths Policies that put the National Curriculum objectives These are then sequenced to allow children to make connections between their work. This sequenced order is highlighted in our Maths books, showing a clear story of the children’s Maths journeys within an area of Maths, for example, the story of Place Value. This will help children with both conceptual and procedural understanding. We break new maths objectives down into small steps and focus on it practically, pictorially and then abstractly. This allows children to gain a deeper understanding of Maths concepts. We have also designed our own Written Method Calculation Policy. This policy provides a consistent progression of skills across year groups so that methods build on pupils’ prior learning. Alongside this we have carefully selected practical manipulatives that promote Mathematical understanding. These are used consistently from EYFS to Year 6 (where needed). Due to our Maths Curriculum being delivered in a linear approach, we revisit key areas that are identified through diagnostic assessment. These are revisited within our Arithmetic Starters which are at the start of every Maths lesson. This enables us firstly, to address and consolidate gaps and secondly, where appropriate, we carry out out further pre-assessment tasks which will support main Maths lessons in the future. See our Year 1-6 Arithmetic Timetable : We ‘linger longer’ on certain areas of maths (Place Value, 4 Operations and Fractions) so our children experience variation, depth and breadth within their year group for these significant areas. We aim for them to confidently apply both their declarative and procedural knowledge to problem solving and reasoning. Through this approach, children’s knowledge is deeply embedded and within their long term memories. This then prepares them to be confidently ready for their next stage of Mathematical learning. We have also defined a set of key declarative knowledge that pupils need to be able to recall in order to ease cognitive load, enabling them to concentrate on procedures fluently. We call these 'Need to knows' and a need to know relevant to the given maths lesson is discussed at the beginning of the lesson, after the arithmetic starter. We have developed and use our own EYFS Maths policy to support the whole class direct teaching of Maths as well as Continuous Provision linked activities each day. Number is the key priority, with an emphasis on Place Value and Counting. EYFS Maths follows the same mastery approaches the rest of the school have: Practical, Pictorial, Abstract (this supports varied fluency) as well as promoting problem-solving and reasoning. Research has been carried out into the 6 main areas that collectively underpin children’s early mathematical learning, and which provide the firm foundations for the Maths that children will encounter as they go up the years in primary school: - Cardinality and Counting - Shape and Space Time is dedicated to learning a number deeply over 2 weeks up to the number 10. This will heavily support the first 4 main areas for developing children’s early Mathematics. Children receive a 30-minute Maths lesson 5 days a week that is then always reflected in their Continuous Provision to allow children to keep rehearsing and practising these vital skills to help them become fluent and for it to be embedded in their long term memory. We are now into our second full year of NCETM's Mastering Number programme. Mastering Number is a series of short maths sessions done in addition to the main maths lesson in Reception and key stage one. The aim of the programme is to ensure that all pupils leave key stage one with a firm understanding of number, including subitising, cardinality and counting.

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Psychotherapy can be used to deal with a range of mental wellness concerns, consisting of stress and anxiety and also depression. Using cognitive behavior modification assists you recognize hazardous thoughts as well as habits and transform them. It can be a helpful therapy choice for a number of disorders, including general anxiousness problem, compound, as well as depression misuse. It entails discovering to recognize unsafe patterns as well as exercising new skills in the “real life.” Counseling may be needed if you are not sure of how to manage your psychological health issues. Counselors often concentrate on one location and deal with details troubles, however likewise concentrate on health and general wellness. Using an incorporated approach, therapists encourage healthy and balanced actions as well as improve relationships. They assist customers accomplish a feeling of wellness as well as boost their capability to operate ideally in their daily lives. It is very important to get assist for mental health and wellness conditions early in order to stay clear of a lifetime of distress. Here is more information in regards to Read the Full Report check out our own web site. A therapist’s initial objective is to get to recognize you and your situation. Often, a counselor will certainly ask you concerning your friends and family as well as why you’re looking for aid. This info aids the specialist figure out the severity of your situation and establish a therapy strategy based upon your needs. If you’re not comfy with your counselor, do not hesitate to seek one more one. Finding a counselor that feels comfy with you will make the process much more successful. A psychoanalyst is a clinical physician that focuses on identifying and also dealing with emotional and also psychological health problems. Psychiatrists likewise focus on dealing with habits problems in youngsters. They might recommend drug, but do not generally offer psychiatric therapy. Another option is a psychological registered nurse specialist. These are registered nurse experts with academic degrees. And medical care doctors may also have the ability to give medication. The goal is to boost the lifestyle for those seeking such care. Clinical psychological health counseling is an official connection in between a customer as well as a therapist. The process takes varying sizes, however generally includes a two-way discussion of troubles. Both events aim to learn new skills as well as actions that will certainly assist them conquer their problems. The American Psychological Association specifies professional mental health therapy as a collective process between the counselor and also their customers. They can be long-term or quick, relying on the requirement as well as scenarios of the person. While there are many different conditions that can impact an individual’s life, the most crucial one is preserving a great psychological state. Looking after one’s mental health is important for one to lead a fulfilling life. Whether that is via therapy or medicine, mental wellness is an important component of healthiness. Ultimately, mental health is an essential part of physical and social well-being. The World Health Organization specifies mental wellness as “a full state of wellness.” For the most part, an individual’s mood might be typical after experiencing a stressful experience, yet if the symptoms are protecting against the person from functioning typically, specialist treatment is needed. Often, relative may see adjustments in the individual’s behavior that suggest a problem. It is essential to note that individuals’s mental wellness can vary throughout their life, so it is very important to seek clinical attention for a mental health issue as quickly as feasible. Counseling may be called for if you are unsure of how to handle your psychological health and wellness concerns. Clinical mental health and wellness therapy is an official connection in between a customer as well as a counselor. The American Psychological Association specifies professional mental health and wellness therapy as a joint procedure between the therapist and their clients. Taking treatment of one’s psychological health and wellness is crucial for one to lead a fulfilling life. Whether that is via therapy or medication, psychological health and wellness is an indispensable component of excellent health and wellness. For more info about moved here stop by our own page. Keep on your search for much more related articles:

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Radiculopathy is a common condition that affects the nerves and causes pain and discomfort. We can drill down to the causes, risk factors, and different types of radiculopathy. Furthermore, we will explore the insights of Ayurveda, the ancient Indian system of medicine, and discover effective Ayurvedic treatments and remedies to alleviate radiculopathy symptoms. What is Radiculopathy? Radiculopathy is a condition characterized by the compression or irritation of nerve roots in the spine, leading to pain, weakness, and numbness in the areas supplied by those nerves. What leads to Radiculopathy? Several factors can contribute to the development of radiculopathy. One common cause is a herniated disc, which compresses nearby nerve roots. Spinal stenosis, a narrowing of the spinal canal, can also lead to nerve compression and radiculopathy. Degenerative disc disease, can cause radiculopathy as well. As the discs lose height and water content, the space between vertebrae decreases, leading to nerve root compression. Trauma or injury to the spine, such as fractures, dislocations, or excessive pressure on the spinal cord, can result in radiculopathy. Tumors, both benign and malignant, can grow in or around the spinal cord, leading to nerve compression and subsequent radiculopathy Infections, such as spinal epidural abscesses or viral infections affecting the nerves, can also contribute to radiculopathy. Inflammatory conditions like rheumatoid arthritis or ankylosing spondylitis may cause inflammation and subsequent compression of nerve roots. Additional causes, including osteoarthritis, spondylolisthesis, and osteophyte formation, can also contribute to radiculopathy. Risk factors : - Age-related degenerative changes in the spine - Herniated discs or spinal stenosis - Trauma or injury to the spine - Poor posture - Repetitive motions - Occupation-related stress on the spine - Medical conditions like arthritis or diabetes - Sedentary lifestyle These risk factors contribute to the development of radiculopathy, and understanding them can aid in the prevention and effective management of the condition. Types of Radiculopathy Radiculopathy can manifest in different regions of the spine, resulting in specific types of symptoms. - Cervical radiculopathy affects the neck region, leading to pain, tingling, and weakness in the arms and hands. - Lumbar radiculopathy affects the lower back, buttocks, and legs, causing similar symptoms in the lower extremities. - Thoracic radiculopathy, although less common, affects the mid-back region, leading to pain and discomfort in the chest and abdomen. Knowing deeply about Radiculopathy in Ayurveda Radiculopathy, which affects the nervous system, is primarily brought on by imbalances in the Vata dosha, according to Ayurvedic principles. Ayurveda emphasizes a broad approach to healing, focusing on restoring balance and harmony in the body, mind, and spirit. Relief from radiculopathy with the helping hands of Ayurveda - Panchakarma: Panchakarma treatments, such as Abhyanga (therapeutic oil massage), Swedana (herbal steam therapy), and Basti (medicated enema), can provide relief from radiculopathy symptoms. - Abhyanga means massage with medicated oil that the doctor prescribes according to the condition and body constitution of the patient. - Swedana is the steam therapy used for detoxifying and reestablishing the doshas. - Basti (medicated enema) is considered ardha chikitsa because it can cure most diseases. It comes of different forms and is prescribed according to the condition of the patient. - Herbal Remedies: Ayurvedic herbs like Ashwagandha, Shatavari, and Guggulu have anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties that can help reduce pain and inflammation associated with radiculopathy. These herbs can be consumed orally or used topically in the form of oils and ointments. - Yoga and Meditation: Practicing gentle yoga asanas and meditation techniques can promote flexibility, strengthen the back muscles, and improve overall well-being. Yoga postures like Bhujangasana (Cobra pose) and Shalabhasana (Locust pose) specifically target the spine and can be beneficial for radiculopathy. - Diet and Lifestyle Modifications: Ayurveda emphasizes the importance of a balanced diet and healthy lifestyle habits. Including warm, nourishing foods, avoiding processed and junk foods, and maintaining a regular sleep schedule can support the healing process. Radiculopathy can be a debilitating condition, but with the holistic approach of Ayurveda, you can find relief and improve your quality of life. Sai Ayush Ayurveda the best Ayurvedic hospital that specializes in treating radiculopathy and experience the natural healing power of Ayurvedic treatments. Embrace the gentle wisdom of Ayurveda to restore balance, alleviate pain, and regain your vitality.

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Pan is the Greek nature god who is believed to be the only Greek god who has died according to Plutarch. He is the protector of shepherds and animals such as sheep, and goats. The name Pan originates from the Greek word, paein, which stands for "to pasture" He was born in a place called Arcadia district of Greece. Though his parentage is of many variations he is believed that he was born to Hermes and his mother was Callisto. In reference to the story of his birth, his mother was so shocked by his look that she ran away leaving him to be brought up by nymphs. He has goat-like features such as horns, hooves and beards and he was also able to make a loud shout that has terrifying effect on people and flocks. He would usually use the shout as a defensive tool for himself and even scaring away adversaries (Proud 32). His individuality has also a good side. He was in actually a competent musician. He was gifted and determined in that he played so well the reed pipe called Syrinx, and managed to challenge Apollo in a musical competition. But unfortunately, he lost to Apollo who went with the prize for playing his lyre upside down. Pan's instrument was named after a nymph that tried to run away from his importunities. Afraid of Pan's further pursuance, the nymph Syrinx with the help of her sister transformed herself into a reed. In vengeance, Pan decided to use the reed to make his musical instrument which he decided not to leave it even for a while. Pan was also in love with a nymph who turned into a pine tree called Pitys. The Romans equivalent to Pan is Faunus (Swenson & Meidell 72). When Zeus overthrew his authoritarian father Cronus, he was helped by Pan with his terrifying shout that made the Titans to flee away. From the role that Pan's played in the fight against Typhoeus, one of the stars was named after him as a reward. Pan could be multiplied into a crowd of Pans, and even given personal names, as in Nonnius' Dionysiaca, where the god Pan had twelve sons namely Kelaineus, Argennon, Aigikoros, Eugeneios, Omester, Daphoineus, Phobos together with Philamnos, Xanthos, Glaukos, Argos, and Phorbas. That helped Dionysus in his war against the Indians. There were two other Pans Agreus and Nomios. Both were the sons of Hermes. Argeus' mother was the nymph Sose. Nomios' mother was Penelope. Most of the mythological stories about Pan are actually about Nomios, not the god Pan. Although, Agreus and Nomios could have been two different aspects of the prime Pan, it reflects his dual nature as both a wise prophet and a lustful beast (Blackwood 62). Aegipan, well known as "goat-god," fully resembles a goat, relatively than the usual half-goat and half-man figure. As the Olympians run away from the ugly giant Typhoeus and took the form of an animal, Aegipan resembled a fish-tailed goat. Later he came to the help of Zeus in his fight with Typhoeus. In Italy there was a Pan known as Sybarios which resulted as a sybarite herds boy copulate with a ewe among his flock. It was worshipped by sybarite in Italy.

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by Tom Tascone, RJD Intern If you’ve seen the television show “Wicked Tuna” on National Geographic, then you are certainly familiar with some of the techniques associated with long line fishing of these species. While this is the method of choice for recreational fishermen, commercial fishermen seeking various species of tropical tuna have abandoned the traditional “rod-and-reel” technique for a far more effective tool. Known as the Fish Aggregating Device (FAD), this tool relies on the natural behavior of tuna to congregate under floating objects on the surface of the ocean. Most FADs are made from bamboo rafts in order to mimic natural logs and other marine debris that often drift out at sea, and large numbers have been deployed. Besides dramatically increasing the number of tuna caught in fisheries operations, how have the use of FADs modified the “floating object environment” in the ocean, and what effects can they have on marine ecosystems? A recent article published by Dr. Laurent Dagorn has attempted to answer these important questions. To address these questions, Dr. Dagorn and his colleagues collected data from fisheries observers working on tuna fishing vessels in the West Indian Ocean. The data showed the total number of both natural and artificial floating objects encountered over two years of observations. The researchers then divided the West Indian Ocean into the fishing zones established by the Indian Ocean Tuna Commission, and compared the amount of FADs and natural logs in each zone. Their results concluded that the number of floating objects has nearly doubled in every zone. This is due to FADs occupying areas with natural logs and also occupying new areas previously devoid of any natural floating object. In addition, the number of floating objects in some areas even ranged between 20- 40 times higher than the numbers found before we even began to use FADs! Although the study only focused on determining how FADs modified the natural floating object environment, Dr. Dagorn did address the potential implications these changes can have for tropical tunas. It is believed that natural logs indicate biologically productive areas, areas rich in resources needed by many tropical tuna species. If this is the case, then it is possible that this peculiar tuna behavior represents an evolutionary adaptation that helps them to remain in waters more beneficial to their growth and survival. FADs now deployed into poorer quality waters can lead these tuna away from those better areas, creating an “ecological trap” that poses a significant risk to their overall health, and the overall health of the tuna fisheries in the West Indian Ocean as well. Scientists will still need to conduct more research to confirm this idea, but Dr. Dagorn’s study has established better parameters for monitoring FAD use, parameters which can guide future studies aimed at promoting more sustainable tuna fisheries. Dagorn, L et. al. (2012) “How much do fish aggregating devices modify the floating object environment in the ocean?” Fisheries Oceanography.

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The fate of polar bears hangs in the balance as they confront the escalating challenges of climate change and habitat loss. The iconic species face an uncertain future, with melting Arctic sea ice threatening their primary hunting grounds. As of 2024, projections suggest a grim outlook for polar bear populations by 2050, prompting urgent attention to conservation efforts and climate change mitigation. a. Accidental Deaths: The melting of Arctic ice forces them to travel longer distances in search of food, bringing them closer to human settlements. This increased interaction raises the risk of accidental deaths for both humans and polar bears. Collisions with ships or accidental encounters during hunting or fishing activities can lead to fatalities, contributing to the decline of its populations. b. Habitat Disturbance: As they venture farther inland for food, they may encounter human infrastructure, leading to habitat disturbance. Human activities, such as industrial development, can disrupt the bears’ natural environment, reducing their available habitat and increasing stress on the population. a. Vulnerable Cubs: The scarcity of suitable locations for maternal dens exposes the cubs to harsh environmental conditions and predation. Cubs are more susceptible to extreme weather events without secure dens, increasing the likelihood of mortality. The loss of maternal dens exacerbates the challenges faced by polar bear mothers in ensuring the survival of their offspring. b. Altered Reproductive Behavior: The inability to establish secure dens due to melting ice may alter their reproductive behaviour. Delayed reproduction or changes in denning locations could disrupt traditional breeding patterns, potentially impacting the overall reproductive success of the species and hindering population recovery. a. Reduced Genetic Diversity: Limited gene flow among isolated polar bear populations reduces genetic diversity. This reduction in genetic variation diminishes the ability of the species to adapt to changing environmental conditions. A lack of genetic diversity can make their populations more susceptible to diseases and less resilient to environmental stressors. b. Negative Impact on Fitness: Inbreeding can lead to the expression of deleterious recessive traits, negatively affecting the fitness and health of individual bears. Weakened immune systems, lower reproductive success, and increased susceptibility to environmental pressures are among the consequences of inbreeding. Over time, these factors contribute to the overall decline in the well-being of polar bear populations. In the face of these daunting challenges, urgent global action is imperative to address climate change, mitigate human impacts, and implement effective conservation measures, offering a glimmer of hope for the survival of this iconic Arctic species. Reasons for Hope Amidst polar bears’ grim challenges, rays of hope emerge as specific populations display resilience and adaptive behaviours, and ongoing conservation efforts strive to protect their vulnerable habitats. a. Innovative Hunting Strategies: Observations of their populations in northern Canada reveal adaptive behaviours in response to diminishing sea ice. Some bears have demonstrated innovative hunting strategies, such as effectively foraging on land for alternative food sources. This adaptability suggests that specific populations can adjust their behaviours in changing environmental conditions, providing hope for continued survival. b. Scavenging Opportunities: Besides land-based hunting, polar bears in some regions have been observed scavenging on whale carcasses. As climate change alters the Arctic landscape, opportunities for scavenging may become more common, offering an alternative food source for bears struggling with reduced access to their traditional prey. This scavenging behaviour showcases the species’ ability to exploit new resources, potentially enhancing their resilience. a. International Agreements: The global community recognizes the urgent need to address climate change, a key driver of habitat loss. International agreements, such as the Paris Agreement, aim to limit greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate the broader impacts of climate change. These efforts contribute indirectly to polar bear conservation by addressing the root cause of their habitat degradation. b. Local Habitat Protection: Conservation initiatives at regional and local levels play a crucial role in protecting their habitats. Protected areas, restrictions on industrial activities, and responsible tourism practices help minimize disturbances to them and their environments. Collaborative efforts between governments, non-governmental organizations, and local communities contribute to creating and enforcing policies to safeguard critical habitats. c. Research Advancements: Ongoing research on their biology and behaviour provides essential insights into their adaptive capabilities and informs conservation strategies. Understanding their physiological responses to changing conditions, reproductive patterns, and genetic diversity helps scientists develop targeted conservation measures. Enhanced knowledge also aids in identifying effective management practices to mitigate the impact of climate change on their populations. a. Advocacy and Education: Increased public awareness of polar bears’ challenges fosters advocacy and support for conservation efforts. Educational campaigns, documentaries, and outreach programs help people understand climate change’s ecological importance and broader implications. Public pressure can drive governments and industries to adopt policies that prioritize environmental sustainability. b. Community Engagement: Involving local communities in conservation initiatives creates a sense of ownership and responsibility. When communities understand the importance of their conservation for their ecosystems and livelihoods, they are more likely to support and actively participate in measures to protect these iconic Arctic species. Public engagement is crucial for the success of long-term conservation strategies. While uncertainties persist, these positive indicators and growing public awareness and international cooperation inspire optimism for their survival, underscoring the importance of sustained efforts in mitigating climate change and safeguarding their icy homes. The Uncertainties of the Situation The fate of polar bears hangs in the balance, shrouded in uncertainties regarding the pace of climate change, the effectiveness of conservation efforts, and the potential impact of emerging technologies. a. Complex Climate Models: While scientists use sophisticated climate models to predict future warming trends, uncertainties arise due to the complexity of the Earth’s climate system. Various factors, such as feedback loops and interactions between atmospheric, oceanic, and cryosphere components, contribute to the challenge of precisely forecasting the pace of climate change. Improved understanding and refinement of these models are ongoing but remain subject to uncertainties. b. Thresholds and Tipping Points: The Arctic is particularly sensitive to temperature changes, and the existence of climate thresholds and tipping points adds complexity to predictions. Rapid and nonlinear shifts in the Arctic ecosystem, such as abrupt sea ice loss or changes in ocean circulation patterns, could have cascading effects on polar bear habitats. Identifying and accurately predicting these tipping points is challenging, introducing uncertainties in estimating the future conditions they will face. a. Global Cooperation: The success of conservation initiatives depends on international cooperation and coordinated efforts. Achieving consensus on climate policies, emissions reductions, and habitat protection measures among nations with varying priorities and interests takes time and effort. The level of commitment from different countries to enforce and adhere to conservation agreements significantly influences their effectiveness. b. Funding and Resources: Adequate funding and resources are crucial for implementing conservation strategies. The availability of financial support, both on a national and international scale, plays a pivotal role in the success of initiatives aimed at protecting polar bear habitats, reducing human-bear conflicts, and supporting research. Economic constraints, competing priorities, and political considerations may impact the allocation of resources for conservation. c. Public Engagement: Public awareness and engagement are essential to successful conservation efforts. The effectiveness of policies and initiatives depends on public support and adherence to guidelines aimed at reducing human impacts on their habitats. Uncertainties surround maintaining sustained public interest, promoting behaviour change, and encouraging environmentally responsible practices. Navigating the uncertainties demands ongoing research, international collaboration, and a dynamic approach, emphasizing the need for adaptive strategies and global commitment to secure a sustainable future for these emblematic Arctic inhabitants. The evolving landscape of emerging technologies, from renewable energy advancements to carbon capture solutions, presents potential pathways for mitigating climate change and addressing polar bears’ threats in the Arctic. While uncertainties surround their scalability and impact, embracing these technologies holds promise for shaping a more sustainable future, underscoring the critical importance of continued research, innovation, and global cooperation in safeguarding polar bear habitats. The trajectory of polar bears towards extinction by 2050 underscores the critical need for global cooperation in combating climate change. Conservation initiatives, sustainable practices, and international agreements are pivotal in preserving their icy habitats and ensuring the survival of this vulnerable species. The following decades will be decisive, demanding concerted efforts to address the root causes of their decline and secure a sustainable future for polar bears and the delicate ecosystems they inhabit.

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Go Back to Top Definition of red red - adj. red with or characterized by blood; of a color at the end of the color spectrum (next to orange); resembling the color of blood or cherries or tomatoes or rubies; characterized by violence or bloodshed; (especially of the face) reddened or suffused with or as if with blood from emotion or exertion; noun red color or pigment; the chromatic color resembling the hue of blood; a tributary of the Mississippi River that flows eastward from Texas along the southern boundary of Oklahoma and through Louisiana; emotionally charged terms used to refer to extreme radicals or revolutionaries; the amount by which the cost of a business exceeds its revenue. Red on: Dictionary Google Wikipedia YouTube

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Discover the cosmos! Each day a different image or photograph of our fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a professional astronomer. 2023 January 8 Explanation: The hydrogen in your body, present in every molecule of water, came from the Big Bang. There are no other appreciable sources of hydrogen in the universe. The carbon in your body was made by nuclear fusion in the interior of stars, as was the oxygen. Much of the iron in your body was made during supernovas of stars that occurred long ago and far away. The gold in your jewelry was likely made from neutron stars during collisions that may have been visible as short-duration gamma-ray bursts or gravitational wave events. Elements like phosphorus and copper are present in our bodies in only small amounts but are essential to the functioning of all known life. The featured periodic table is color coded to indicate humanity's best guess as to the nuclear origin of all known elements. The sites of nuclear creation of some elements, such as copper, are not really well known and are continuing topics of observational and computational research. Authors & editors: Jerry Bonnell (UMCP) NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply. A service of: ASD at NASA / GSFC, NASA Science Activation & Michigan Tech. U.

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The massive shift to remote work during the pandemic altered the way many offices operate and increased interest in the potential for widespread telecommuting to help reduce traffic, transportation emissions, and other harmful impacts. We have reported several studies, however, that suggest remote work simply lets people drive at different times of day and for purposes other than commuting. A new study backs that finding. Several states and many local governments are growing more interested in measuring vehicle miles traveled (VMT) as a key indicator of transportation emissions levels and other unwanted impacts. But measuring VMT, especially at the local site level, can be more difficult than it seems. A new study in the Journal of the Planning Association points to data sources, shortcomings, and considerations for measuring VMT in the future. Through a combination of carrots and sticks—but mostly carrots—the federal government has encouraged state DOTs to take ambitious steps to lower the environmental impacts of transportation and to invest in more sustainable travel options. Two years into the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law (BIL), notes Adie Tomer at Brookings, it is still hard to know the impacts. Many states are still operating under the status quo. Others, however, including many SSTI partners, are seizing the opportunity to bolster ongoing local sustainability initiatives. Driving less is one of the keys to reducing greenhouse gas emissions from the transportation sector, and to reducing the number of deaths and serious injuries on our roads. Most states have seen an increase in per capita vehicle miles traveled over the last 25 years. There are exceptions, however, where political action, multimodal investment, or the development of compact neighborhoods acted to pull VMT numbers down, says a new report by the Frontier Group. In one sense, departments of transportation are in the business of making it possible for people to travel less, or to at least spend less time traveling. But choosing to build capacity and reduce delay effectively speeds up drivers rather than shortening the length of their trips—in an era when driving less is acknowledged as a first-order climate change mitigation strategy. A recent article in Planetizen proposes a solution. If efforts were focused more on allowing people to conduct their daily affairs—shopping, banking, working, health care—over the internet or on the phone, the author writes, it might make a dent in vehicle miles traveled (VMT): a reduction that decades of tepid investment in multimodal options have not been able to achieve. Conventional thinking holds that congestion stifles the economy. Sitting in traffic or having it take longer to get someplace important would seem to be a drain on productivity. On the contrary, a group of Texas researchers looking at travel survey data from the Puget Sound area of Washington State found that travelers exposed to traffic congestion and travel delay will simply find a means of getting from point A to point B that doesn’t rely on driving. Their novel approach incorporates data on whether people choose to live in places that support their preferred travel options or way of life, addressing the question of residential self-selection. Vehicle miles traveled (VMT) in the U.S. totaled 3.17 trillion last year, according to preliminary estimates from FHWA. That is a one percent increase from 2021 and a nine percent increase from 2020—the height of the pandemic—but still nearly three percent lower than VMT in 2019. After accounting for population growth, the average American drove four percent less in 2022 than in 2019 and six percent less than the highest point in 2004. The Biden administration’s newly released National Blueprint for Transportation Decarbonization represents an historic mission alignment among federal agencies to meet an economy-wide goal of net-zero greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) by 2050. The U.S. Departments of Energy, Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, along with the Environmental Protection Agency, have developed this joint strategy to guide the decarbonization of the transportation sector—the largest GHG contributor, currently generating roughly one-third of U.S. emissions. When gas prices rise it seems reasonable to expect people to economize by driving less. According to one indicator brought to light by Eno Center for Transportation, gasoline usage in the U.S.—and by extension driving—hit an all-time high during fiscal year 2022. During the same period gas prices were the highest we’ve seen—adjusted for inflation—since the great recession that began in 2008. But the U.S. is swiftly returning to pre-pandemic levels of vehicle miles traveled (VMT), perhaps due to pandemic-era travel patterns and relocations. Many agencies have renewed their focus on making transportation systems more equitable for all travelers, or they are being pressured to do so by advocates. Travelers who are Black, Latino, Native, or Asian can feel unsafe in public spaces due to exposure to law enforcement, or the hateful or racist behaviors of others. The COVID-19 pandemic has brought awareness of this situation to the fore. The ability to stay active during the pandemic—especially by walking—contributed to better physical and mental health. For those who did not have access, or felt unsafe outside, and could not stay active, outcomes were not so rosy. New pandemic-era research from Melbourne, Australia, shows that Asians may have walked less in order to avoid racist confrontations and because they didn’t have access to good places to walk.

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Stay A Student : The Importance of Humility and Modesty Four pupils used to practice meditation in the time before Zen came to Japan. These close friends vowed to each other to observe silence for seven days. The first day passed well. But as the evening progressed and the oil lamps became dim, one student couldn’t help himself. “Attend to the lamps!” he shouted impatiently to an assistant. His friend turned to him, surprised. “You are not supposed to speak! Have you forgotten?” The third friend piped up, “You fools! Why are you talking?” “Hah, I’m the only one who’s kept silent!” exclaimed the last. Explanation Of The Wisdom Before judging others, pause for a moment and ask: How perfect am I? As you can see, all of these 4 meditators started judging each other when one of them screwed up without realizing that they, themselves, broke the silence as well. Life is full of chances to criticise others. To judge other people’s life decisions. To show them how wrong they are. And when we are in the teacher’s seat for a while thinking we are the king, we forget to be students again. - You went to a 10-day meditation retreat? Well, that is good. Congratulations! You But realize that Buddhist monks have been doing retreats that span over months. Can you handle a 60-day long retreat? - You have been meditation for 6 months for 1 hour a day? Well, that is good. Congratulations! But have you tried meditating for 2 hours without interruptions? It is much harder than an hour. The challenge of the sit increases exponentially. - You had an enlightenment experience? Well, that is good. Congratulations! But can you maintain mindfulness at the tip of the nose 24 hours a day? Do you have highly developed and effortless concentration skills? Can you see where I am getting at? It is easy to judge other people. There will always be people you can feel superior over. But it is not so easy to see our faults and arrogance. Most often, someone who is senior and wiser than us needs to show us how deluded we are. Unless we meet with a Zen master, it is all too easy to over-estimate our abilities in our meditation practice. The path of humility requires you to point the finger at yourself. It is the more difficult path but this is where growth happens. The journey is long. If you relax too early, your progress will be halted. As the stoic philosopher, Epictetus said: “You can not know what you think you already know.” So keep being a student. Always. There is only one way to put this wisdom into practical living: start a daily meditation practice and start an investigation towards enlightenment. Theory, debates, reading, listening, talking, arguing and knowledge will only get you so far. You must “walk the talk”. If in doubt, remember the priceless wisdom. “Meditate on the breath (mindfulness meditation to build concentration and awareness skills) and then self-enquire (the teachings of Ramana Maharshi) until you are free of all psychological sufferings and ego. (aka enlightenment) Do this everyday and trust in the process that eventually your mind will be healed. Because all good things require training and patience. Know that as long as you do the work, the results will eventually follow.” If you liked this article, you might also like these: - Mind Blowing Interview With Massimo Pigliucci - Stoicism on Wisdom: You Don’t Have Problems - Stoic Book Review: Ego is The Enemy by Ryan Holiday - Stoicism Training With Epictetus - Stoic Reading List: 6 Must-Read Books To Get You Started - Stoicism on Wisdom: Don’t Rationalize Irrational Behaviour - Stoicism on Morality: Consequentialism and Virtue Ethics - Stoicism on Courage: How to Develop Self Esteem? - What is Stoicism? A Definition and 3 Stoic Exercises To Get You Started - Negative Visualization: An Ancient Stoic Technique For Creating Happiness

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Article length: 1300 words (preview 275/wds) Strong dramatic moments are key building blocks in story. Even in an action oriented spectacle, moments of high drama engage the reader and develop the empathetic bond to the characters. In a drama genre story, the drama itself drives the narrative. No matter how you crack it, it’s dang important to understand how to effectively convey drama in the scene. While establishing and expressing drama relies on bringing together many (if not all) of the writing fundamentals, here are two not-so-obvious considerations that will inject your dramatic moments with “high-octane, crazy blood.” <For you non-Mad Max fans, that’s a good thing!> First and primarily, time. Second, consequences of actions/decisions. Technically, drama is a loaded word in the creative writing world. It can mean different things, at different moments, to different people. After all, “dramatic” is an adjective, meaning sudden, striking, exciting, impressive, etc. And such descriptors apply to so much of writing an engaging script. Before we go on to define drama, let’s take a look at a close, important cousin, that sometimes masquerades as drama, I speak of course, of tension. In the writer’s guide I define tension as “heightened emotional state derived from an immediate danger or threat.” The reason why tension often gets labeled drama is revealed in the first part of the sentence–heightened emotional state. Heightened emotional state is the core of good drama. Think about it when was the last time you read or saw a really good dramatic scene where the characters involved were indifferent? I’m gonna guess, no time recently. So for this article and for your future writing, consider the following definition of drama; How to define drama and a couple of key tips to exploit it in your writing round out this one. Sign up for full access and don't forget you'll get access to the bigger Drama genre series article!

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In this essay, we will explore the meaningful concept encapsulated in the phrase “Nathi Singabantu” or “We Are People Too.” This phrase holds a deep meaning of unity and togetherness. Let’s embark on a journey to understand the essence of “Nathi Singabantu” and how it relates to our shared human experience. Essay on Nathi Singabantu: Embracing Unity and Togetherness Unity in Diversity – Embracing Differences Imagine a world where various colors, languages, and traditions come together, just like the idea behind “Nathi Singabantu.” Similar to characters from different video game universes joining forces, this phrase emphasizes the importance of unity amid diversity. It tells us that while we all have unique qualities, we are interconnected as a human family. “Nathi Singabantu” teaches us to value diversity while maintaining harmony and unity. Community and Support – Coming Together for a Common Goal Imagine a society where compassion, teamwork, and friendship are the foundation of a strong community. This is the essence of “Nathi Singabantu.” Similar to players in a game working together for success, this phrase highlights the importance of a close-knit community. It shows that we are never alone on our journey – we are all parts of a bigger whole, each guiding the way for others. Empathy and Understanding: Seeing from Others’ Perspective Think about moments when understanding crosses language barriers. “Nathi Singabantu” encourages such empathetic connections. Just like characters in a game assuming different roles to understand complex situations, the phrase prompts us to practice empathy. It urges us to see the world from others’ viewpoints, creating an atmosphere where empathy leads to deeper connections. By sharing their struggles and achievements, we create a compassionate environment together. Lessons from “Nathi Singabantu”: Strengthening Relationships Let’s pause and learn from the wisdom of “Nathi Singabantu.” Just like avatars in a video game gain insights from their journeys, this phrase imparts valuable lessons. It suggests that unity doesn’t suppress individuality – instead, it makes us collectively stronger. “Nathi Singabantu” shows us the path where like-minded souls create unbreakable bonds through kindness, respect, and the power of unity. Spreading the Message: Promoting Unity Imagine a word spreading across society, bringing people together. This is the power of “Nathi Singabantu.” Just like characters in a game sharing knowledge and resources, we too can spread the message of “Nathi Singabantu.” As ambassadors of unity, we invite others to unite in solidarity. Through our words and actions, we create a wave of positivity that touches our communities. As we conclude our intellectual journey through the lens of “Nathi Singabantu,” let’s remember that unity and shared identity are the pillars of a harmonious world. Like characters in a game forming alliances to overcome challenges, our connection, respect, and understanding form the foundation to face life’s trials. “Nathi Singabantu” reminds us that by celebrating diversity and committing to unity, we write a narrative where compassion, unity, and boundless kindness thrive. Hello! Welcome to my Blog StudyParagraphs.co. My name is Angelina. I am a college professor. I love reading writing for kids students. This blog is full with valuable knowledge for all class students. Thank you for reading my articles.

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At a glance, the Celtic nations of Ireland and Scotland share a semblance of cultural kinship that is deeply rooted in ancient traditions and vibrant histories. Among the most tangible manifestations of this are the iconic kilts, garments that wrap around the wearer in folds of fabric steeped in symbolism and history. The Irish kilt vs Scottish kilt, although similar in appearance, encapsulates distinct narratives and cultural significance that set them apart. This article aims to unravel the intricacies and nuances that distinguish these two traditional garments, delving into their origins, design elements, cultural significance, and contemporary adaptations. As we traverse through time, we will witness the evolution of Irish vs Scottish kilt and how they have come to signify the pride and heritage of two nations with a rich Celtic background. 1. History and Origin of Scottish vs Irish Kilt The story of the Irish kilt is a tale that intertwines ancient traditions with modern nationalism. It begins with the léine, a type of tunic that was historically worn by men and women alike. This knee-length shirt, usually dyed in a saffron hue, was the predominant attire in Ireland for several centuries. As time progressed, external influences began to shape Irish clothing traditions. During the 20th century, the Irish kilt emerged as a significant garment, especially in the realm of ceremonial events and nationalistic gatherings. It became a strong emblem of Irish identity, helping to forge a renewed connection with a heritage that dates back to the Celtic era. The adoption of the kilt in Ireland can be seen as a conscious effort to revive and maintain age-old traditions, fostering a greater sense of national unity and pride. Today, the Irish kilt stands as a testament to Ireland's vibrant history, capturing the essence of a nation that has thrived through periods of prosperity and adversity. It has become an integral part of the Irish cultural tapestry, offering a tangible link to a rich and diverse past. The Scottish kilt has a history that is both rich and colorful. Its origins trace back to the 16th century, a period when the Scottish Highlands were alive with Gaelic traditions. Initially, the garment resembled a full-length cloak, providing both warmth and mobility to the wearer. Over the centuries, the kilt evolved to facilitate easier movement during laborious tasks and in battle. Its design was transformed, with pleats added to allow for greater flexibility. In the 18th and 19th centuries, the kilt became a potent symbol of Scottish identity, especially amidst efforts to suppress Gaelic culture. As a garment, the Scottish kilt carries within its folds stories of bravery, resilience, and a deep connection to the land. It speaks of clan allegiances and familial ties, weaving a narrative that is intrinsically linked to the soul of Scotland. Today, it stands as a proud emblem of Scottish heritage, embodying the spirit of a nation that has staunchly preserved its cultural integrity through the annals of time. 2. Design and Structure Fabric and Weave The Scottish kilt vs Irish kilt, while similar in structure, exhibit notable differences in terms of fabric and weave. The Irish kilt, which traditionally features solid colors, often employs a variety of materials, including modern adaptations that incorporate tweed and other textures. The fabric choices are reflective of Ireland's diverse textile heritage, encompassing a blend of ancient craftsmanship and contemporary innovation. Scottish kilts, on the other hand, have firmly held onto their roots, utilizing woolen fabrics characterized by a twill weave. This choice of fabric not only ensures durability but also adds a rich texture to the garment, enhancing its visual appeal. The intricate weaving techniques employed in creating these kilts are a testament to Scotland's longstanding tradition of excellence in textile production. Color and Patterns One of the most striking differences between Irish kilts vs Scottish lies in their use of color and patterns. Scottish kilts are renowned for their tartan patterns. These intricate designs consist of crisscrossing horizontal and vertical bands in multiple colors. Each tartan pattern represents a specific clan or region, making it a powerful symbol of Scottish identity and heritage. In contrast, Irish kilts typically stick to solid colors, with saffron and green being the most popular choices. These colors have deep-rooted significance in Irish history, symbolizing various aspects of Irish culture and identity. The use of solid colors gives the Irish kilt outfit a distinct and understated elegance. The cultural significance of Irish vs Scottish kilts contexts is profound, reflecting the rich history and heritage of these nations. For the Irish, kilts hold a special place in their hearts as symbols of Irish heritage and identity. These kilts are often worn during special occasions, such as St. Patrick's Day, where individuals proudly showcase their Irish pride. Moreover, the resurgence of the Irish kilt has played a role in reviving ancient traditions, fostering a deeper connection with Ireland's history. In Scotland, kilts carry a deep cultural significance, embodying the spirit and heritage of the Scottish people. Scottish kilt outfit is commonly worn at weddings, Highland games, and other formal events, symbolizing honor, pride, and a profound connection to one's ancestors. The traditional Scottish kilt serves not merely as a garment but as a piece of history that links individuals to their clans and familial lines. The way kilts are worn and accessorized is an essential part of their tradition and symbolism. Irish kilts are often accompanied by jackets, waistcoats, and accessories such as the sporran and kilt pins. This complete ensemble portrays a sense of dignity and respect towards Irish culture. Wearing a traditional Irish kilt is a nod to ancient traditions with a modern twist, blending the past and present seamlessly. Scottish kilt-wearing traditions are steeped in history, with specific guidelines on how to wear them correctly. The attire typically includes a sporran, kilt hose, ghillie brogues, and sometimes a sgian-dubh (a small dagger) tucked into the sock. Wearing a Scottish kilt is a matter of great pride and honor, showcasing the wearer's allegiance to their clan or region. Both Irish and Scottish kilts have evolved with the times and found relevance in contemporary fashion. The difference between Irish and Scottish kilts is: In recent years, the Irish kilt has experienced a resurgence in contemporary fashion. People now do it for various events and ceremonies, appreciating its versatility and unique design. The Irish kilt has become a symbol in cultural festivals, representing the vibrant and diverse culture of Ireland while embracing modern fashion sensibilities. Scottish kilts remain a vital part of Scotland's cultural fabric. In addition to traditional events, they have also made their mark in modern fashion. Designers incorporate tartan patterns and kilt designs into their collections, ensuring that the Scottish kilt continues to be a timeless garment that embodies the rich history and proud traditions of Scotland. Are Kilts Scottish or Irish? Kilts have roots in both Scottish and Irish traditions. Scottish kilts are renowned for their tartan patterns, representing different clans and regions, while Irish kilts typically feature solid colors, often saffron or green, symbolizing aspects of Irish culture. So, while kilts are worn in both Scotland and Ireland, their designs and cultural significance vary between the two nations. When Did the Scottish Start Wearing Kilts? The exact origin of the Scottish kilt is debated, but it is believed to have been worn for centuries. The modern form of the kilt, with its distinctive tartan patterns, emerged in the late 18th century. However, its predecessor, the "feileadh mor" or belted plaid, was worn much earlier, dating back to at least the 16th century. Why Do Scottish Men Wear Kilts? Scottish men wear kilts for various reasons, including cultural pride, formal occasions, and historical connections. Kilts symbolize Scottish heritage and clan identity, making them popular choices for weddings, Highland games, and other formal events. The kilt is also seen as a connection to Scotland's rich history and ancestral roots. Are kilts only worn by men? No, kilts are worn by both men and women in contemporary fashion, although they have traditionally been associated with men. Can anyone wear a kilt, or is it reserved for specific occasions? Kilts can be worn on various occasions, from formal events to everyday wear, depending on personal preference and cultural context. Are kilts comfortable to wear? Many people find kilts comfortable due to their free-flowing design, especially when made from lightweight materials. In this exploration of the difference between Scottish and Irish kilts, we've uncovered not just clothing items, but artifacts that carry the weight of history, culture, and identity. These kilts, with their unique designs, fabrics, and colors, are symbols of pride and heritage for their respective nations. Whether worn in traditional settings or adapted for modern fashion, they continue to bridge the gap between the past and the present, showcasing a deep-rooted connection to the rich histories of Ireland and Scotland. In doing so, they remind us that clothing can be much more than mere attire; it can be a powerful expression of who we are and where we come from. If you want to buy yourself an amazing Irish tartan kilt or a Scottish one, Super Kilts has all the variety you need. Moreover, you can get your hands on some very useful tips to style your kilt outfits.

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The first uses of solar energy that we know about were as far back as 400 BCE. The ancient Greeks started making their homes on the basis of where the sun’s rays could warm the house during the cold winter months, and this is the first use of solar energy we know about. It could also be considered an early form of heating. It is also said the ancient Greeks and Romans used a form of magnifying glasses* to light fires and torches, especially for religious ceremonies. *Magnifying glasses, although slightly different from today’s sleek models, have also been around for a very long time, with the oldest model found from 424 BCE. These were glass spheres filled with water (you can try looking through a glass or bottle of water to read something – it does magnify the writing), but it was all they had to magnify the desired object back then. They were also good for focusing the sun’s rays onto something to start a fire. Small Discoveries Of Solar Energy Leading To Today’s Uses Getting to the point we are at today where a home solar system can effectively heat a home, produce hot water, and run electrical gadgets, was a long and windy road filled with small discoveries rather than a sudden breakthrough. This means tens of people were involved in making the solar power process work better and more efficiently. In some cases, this was a matter of tweaking a discovery to make it more effective, and in others of making the discovery in the first place. Mentioned here are only a few of these contributors, along with what they discovered. - Although often left out of lists of achievements relating to solar power, a Swiss scientist called Horace de Saussure made a solar energy collector in 1767, nicknamed a “hot box.” Although little is said about this invention, it, or something very similar based on it, was used by the astronomer John Herschel for cooking food while on an expedition in Africa – this would lead you to believe the hot box did work. - The discovery that it was possible to use the sun to create electricity was made by a French Physicist called Antoine-Cesar Becquerel in 1839. - In 1860 another Frenchman, Auguste Mouchout, believing even way back then that his country was depending too much on non-sustainable fuel, set out to create a sustainable alternative, and within five years, he had made a solar-powered steam engine. (It makes you wonder why no one in the intervening years had the same thought until only a few years ago when panic hit.) - The first patent for a solar cell was granted in 1888 to Edward Weston, an English chemist living in America. - For a while, the “inventions” were limited to bettering existing ideas, such as using different substances to coat solar cells, so they were more efficient at converting light into electricity. - In the 1920s, solar water heating systems were used in some areas in America. - The first photovoltaic cell was made in 1941 by the American Russell Ohl. - In 1954, Bell Laboratories developed the first modern silicon solar cell, much as we know it today. - In 1957, AT&T got a patent for the first solar battery. - In 1962, Telstar, the communication satellite, was solar powered. From that point onwards, solar power didn’t look back and is becoming more and more popular. It is one of the most sustainable fuels available. You can have just about anything driven by solar power, including a car (there was even talk about solar roads, see the section on solar roads for more details), but solar lights are perhaps the most common solar devices. As these became more readily available and more affordable, many house owners bought an array to position outside their homes. These offer not only free light, but also a light that requires no wires or lines and therefore no installation. This combination proved very popular and continues to do so today. Download Your Free Easy Guide To Solar Power Easy Guild to Solar Power is a book designed to explain how solar power works in terms and ways everyone can understand. It sets out to let readers have enough knowledge to make informed choices about using this alternative energy source. There are sections on the history of solar power and how it works, as well as the different systems available. Also, for anyone with a limited budget there are many ideas for reducing your carbon footprint in economical and easy ways. Suggestions for home improvements, all solar based are also included and helpful tips. A little of everything for everyone is how one reader described it.

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In the second session of the Global Thinkers of the International Discussion Series, join Faisal Devji of the Faculty of History and St Antony’s College for a discussion of the international thought of Muhammad Ali Jinnah. Jinnah was a lawyer, a politician, and the founder of modern Pakistan. Faced with the serious problems of a young country, he tackled Pakistan’s problems with authority. He was not regarded as merely the Governor-General, and is revered as the father of the nation. He worked hard until overpowered by age and disease in Karachi, the place of his birth, in 1948.

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When tragedy strikes, our hearts are broken and we grieve for the families who are reeling from loss. Though we find ourselves overwhelmed with emotion and feeling ill-equipped to process these incomprehensible events ourselves, let alone convey them to our children, we, as parents are in a unique position to guide our children in dark moments to a place of resilience and safety rather than to a place of fear. We may, in our own distress and sense of helplessness, feel like we can regain control by telling our children exactly what occurred and making sure they know what to do if the unthinkable happened and they were faced with an attack. Feeling that somehow warning them would prepare them. But there is a time and place for everything. This is not their job, nor should it be our priority. Certainly not now. In fact, our urgency to explain everything– to quell our own fears– will be confusing to children. They will be overloaded with information which will add to their stress. Resist that urge. Fear doesn’t make us feel safer. First and foremost, our priority is to help our children feel loved and safe, to spend time with them, be aware and attentive to their needs and keep their lives and routines as regular as possible. When talking with our children about tragedy, we can choose to emphasize grief and healing rather than fear and danger. Our purpose is to help our children recover and be resilient, not to be frightened of their lives. Though our emotions may make us feel angry and scared that violence is the norm lurking around every corner, we know in our heads and our hearts that billions of people want a safe, peaceful world and that we are joined together in grieving for the terrible events which occurred. Here are several ideas to guide you in talking about Friday’s school shooting in Newtown, Connecticut; these suggestions can be useful in general when helping your child through traumatic events. Turn off the news Parents are the best source of news for their children. News programs are not geared for children and repeated exposure to distressing information or images can be confusing and in some cases traumatizing to children when they believe that with each repetition they see, the event is recurring. Don’t give details Children don’t need to know details. Unless they ask, this is not important information. They need to have a narrative to understand the basics of what occurred. Emphasize that many people are working to make sure that doesn’t happen again, and that it is over. Start with what your child already knows Ask your child what they’ve heard of what happened. Young children do not need to know unless they will be exposed to the information at church or synagogue or some other venue. The following script can be used for children in middle school. High school students will likely have more questions. Listen to their questions, ask for their input and share yours at a level appropriate for your child. Here is a sample script: A very sad thing happened in a town in Connecticut on Friday. A man who was very disturbed and had a lot of problems came to a school and shot people; 28 people died. This was very wrong. Immediately, police and ambulances came to keep people safe and take care of people who were hurt. The shooting stopped. The families are very sad. Many, many people who care and love them are helping to take care of them. Schools are very safe places. This is very rare, which means it is extremely unlikely to ever happen. Your teachers and principals work hard to keep you safe at school. That is their job and they work very hard to do that. Consider your purpose We all want to protect our children. Although we can’t always protect them from the fact that bad things do happen, we can protect them from feeling more vulnerable and scared because of our explanations. Our explanations should let children know that hard and bad things happen sometimes, but they are very rare, that billions of other people don’t want those things to happen, just like them, and that there are thousands of people whose job is to keep children safe. These people work to prevent things from happening. Very rarely bad things do happen, and that is very sad. Maintain your routines When a tragedy occurs, the routines such as regular meals and bedtimes may get compromised. Change is stressful; routine is organizing. Routines signal to children that the adults are in charge, and that normalcy prevails. This lets them know that the tragedy, though it is being processed, is over and it’s not still going on. Restore a sense of safety This is not a time to teach about what to do if an emergency occurred. Children are feeling vulnerable either from grasping what occurred during the tragic events, or even just from seeing the adults upset. The priority now is to tell children that they are safe, help them to picture the layers and layers of adults whose job it is to keep them safe: their parents, the mayor of their town, the president, their teachers and school personnel. Children are likely to see parents upset during this time, and crying and feeling sad are all normal, expected and healthy reactions to a tragedy. You can explain this to your child: “Mom is very sad right now, because this was a very sad thing that happened. Mom is OK. Mom won’t always feel this way, but this is how Mom feels right now.” It is very important in the presence of children to avoid angry outbursts and tirades against people you believe are responsible; this will be confusing and may even make children feel that they are somehow responsible for making you sad or angry. Give support and spend time with your children While this is an extremely emotional time for parents identifying with and grieving for the parents who have lost their children, or families who have lost loved ones, spending time with your children will help you and your children to feel connected and safe. Expect a range of reactions Children may cry when they hear the news, they may be angry or they may have little reaction. All of these are normal. Children may be more clingy, need more hugs and support at bedtime. All of this is normal. When to seek help If after a week or two children continue to be having difficulties, and their anxiety and fears have intensified over that time rather than faded and resolved, consult your pediatrician for advice. Though we can’t shield our children from the realities of life, we can greatly impact how our children are exposed to them, what they learn from them, and how they live with them. These are the parental privileges and responsibilities that we can exercise even in difficult times. Our goal is to prevent our children from becoming afraid or angry or feeling like the world is a chaotic place; it is to show them that there is light even in the narrow places that we are thrust in from tragedies. We can know that while there are many issues which may divide us– as parents, as educators, as those who care about the future for our children– we must focus on what brings us together and with our conviction hold tight and work toward the possibility that things can be better for all. Copyright Tamar Chansky, Ph.D., author of Freeing Yourself from Anxiety (DaCapo, 2012).

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Standing up for our students Teachers care about their students. Much of teachers’ work involves setting the conditions for successful student achievement. Teachers know the conditions that support student success: - Smaller class sizes - Time with teachers - Time with peers - Full funding of student supports - Safe and inclusive spaces at school - Teacher and parent cooperation - Access to technology and learning resources - A strong curriculum Teachers advocate for these conditions at every opportunity, learn more about teachers’ advocacy for students. Gay-straight student alliance Create a GSA in your schoolGet started with these ten steps

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When I sat on that hard plastic cafeteria chair, watching another slide show on a Monday afternoon, I did not know how seriously I should take the information. An overhaul of curriculum standards? It's going to be adopted across the country? The Common Core was with us. The most drastic of all changes calls for an increased emphasis on nonfiction writing across the disciplines. By senior year, all students will read nonfiction most of the time. Of course, this is spread across the disciplines, but the fact remained that educators are being asked to have students read critically in every subject, every day. It means that English teachers have a significant new role: bridging the gap between literature and nonfiction. The Common Core standards were adopted in 2010. That means that as of this writing, many states and teachers have begun the difficult task of shifting their lesson plans and goals. One major question on the minds of all English teachers is, "How do I include argumentative writing into my literature classroom?" The standards called for 70% of reading by grade 12 to be nonfiction. This is applied across all disciplines, and it is a boon for English teachers. It means that all teachers are now responsible for teaching literacy. Since its implementation in 2010, dozens of scholarly articles and innumerable research papers have been written on these shifts and what it looks like in a classroom. Books and blogs have been published to give teachers a way to work with the new standards. This unit seeks to give English language arts teachers a way in which to teach a Research Paper. I write this in capitals because it is a daunting undertaking with which every high school student must become comfortable. This is an argumentative essay in which students will research a topic, choose a side, and argue their point in front of their peers. This unit offers ways in which to take this paper into a presentation, which achieves more of the CCSS, and, as this educator has found, creates more student interest. Students feel positive pressure to do well in front of their peers, more so than they feel the need to do well on a piece of paper for their teacher. Additionally, there are tremendous benefits to presenting in front of a group, both in terms of skills needed and the authenticity of doing so. This educator knows that many students struggle to present in front of groups, so practicing as much and as early as possible will help students in class and in their lives. The additional piece that brings this from antiquated research and word processing into the Common Core State Standards is the inclusion of technology throughout the unit. We are thirteen years into the twenty-first century. Technology is integral to how we live our lives and how we experience the world. By utilizing the software and online applications available, teachers can reach more students and students can produce more high-quality work. The planning and self-education necessary for this is considerable, but the rewards are considerable, as well. Students with special needs and children who often struggle with class work show improvement when using computer-assisted instruction. Some research shows that students do not see online teaching as school, but rather as fun. This takes down barriers to learning, bringing students in on their own level. This unit gives details on how to integrate technology throughout the unit. The audience for my unit is specific: Ninth grade students of every level who have some, but limited exposure to research, structured writing, and rules around plagiarism. They have limited common knowledge. They have exposure to the five-paragraph essay, topic sentences, evidence, examples, and the severity of the consequences of plagiarism. They may also know transition words, such as "also," "next," and "in conclusion." Their inconsistent knowledge, however, plus a summer off of learning, means that all these skills need to be refreshed or re-taught. Students in this unit may be advanced or struggling learners. The format of the unit allows for advancement of all levels of learners. Key to the success of the unit is the integration of computer-assisted instruction. This will boost skills students already have and add pieces that they still need. The unit can be applied and adapted broadly, although it was written with urban students in mind. That is to say that this was not written with the highly-motivated, highly-skilled student in mind. It was developed for struggling learners, students with special needs, or simply regular high school students who are not yet interested in school and lack general motivation to do work well. The strategies herein are aimed at reaching the difficult-to-motivate child in the back row, the eager young woman who is on the autism spectrum, and the young man who is five years below reading level. The mentality is to aim high and scaffold all the work so that every student can succeed. This mantra, that every student can succeed, serves as a guide for the entire unit. Ultimately, students will produce a researched, revised, and publishable research paper on a topic of their choosing. The best papers will meet all criteria of the Common Core nonfiction writing rubric. The purpose of this unit plan it to help teachers make the shift to argumentative writing in the English classroom. Truly, there is a limit to what from this unit can be achieved in just one or two months. I suggest teaching these skills discretely over the course of the year. Here, though, I will put them all together. This unit begins with acknowledging and assessing where students stand on the following skills: 1. Assessing the legitimacy and reliability of sources 2. Avoiding plagiarism 3. Citing sources in a List of Works Cited 4. Citing sources within the text of a research paper 5. Conducting research to learn new ideas, then to focus in on one theme 6. Writing a thesis statement 7. Organizing a paragraph into a topic sentence, explanation and examples, and a concluding sentence 8. Writing introductions 9. Writing conclusions that bring together the ideas of a paper into a new thought, not just a summary of the body paragraphs 10. Typing a paper to meet high standards of neatness and completion 11. Using written language appropriate to audience and task By the end of the year, students will have had assessments requiring them to do all these skills, which are required in the Common Core. They are also supported by years of writing and reading in the early grades. The key is to build these skills throughout the year and assess them in a research paper.

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Pharma drug producing has been an integral a 50 % of the modern day health care trade, answerable for the production of lifestyle-saving medicines that have improved hundreds of thousands of life. Behind the medicines that we count on to deal with ailments and deal with situations lies a complex and engaging procedure. From formulation to packaging, the journey of a pharmaceutical merchandise involves meticulous investigation, progressive approaches, and stringent qc. At its main, pharma drug producing brings together the knowledge of chemistry, biology, and engineering to create secured and effective medication. It includes a sequence of exact measures that embody the synthesis of energetic pharmaceutical factors (APIs), formulation improvement, dosage type layout, and the scaling up of manufacturing to satisfy the global desire. 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These steps embody several levels, commencing with examination and growth and ending with the closing packaging and distribution of the medicines. Every stage plays a considerable placement in the general approach, making sure that medicines meet up with good quality requirements and regulatory necessities. The initial stage in drug production is the study and advancement portion. This section involves intense scientific research, geared towards finding and planning new medicines or enhancing present types. Scientists and researchers perform tirelessly to identify potential drug candidates and discover their efficiency and stability profiles. This area sets the foundation for subsequent steps inside the producing approach. cdmo services As soon as a promising drug prospect has been discovered, it strikes on to the formulation phase. Listed here, pharmaceutical specialists carefully figure out the the best possible composition and dosage type of the drug. 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In conclusion, drug production encompasses a sequence of crucial process methods, commencing with examination and development, adopted by formulation and manufacturing. Each and every phase performs an critical purpose in ensuring the normal, efficacy, and safety of pharmaceutical treatment. By adhering to rigorous expectations and rules, pharmaceutical businesses can generate medicines that increase and help save life. Difficulties and Improvements within the Sector The spot of pharma drug manufacturing just isn’t without having its fair share of challenges. 1 major obstacle confronted by producers is the stringent regulatory needs. Govt agencies established stringent tips to make confident drug basic safety and efficacy earlier than they are typically accredited for public use. Adhering to those requirements phone calls for considerable investments in examination, testing, and compliance, typically ensuing in delays and elevated costs. Another dilemma pertains to the complexity of drug formulations. Developing and producing pharmaceutical treatment with exact composition and dosage kinds demands sophisticated utilized sciences and specialised procedures. Obtaining regular outcomes and keeping item integrity all through the producing process is frequently a challenging action. Any deviation from the specified high quality requirements can jeopardize individual security and regulatory compliance. To tackle these issues, fastened innovation has flip out to be an crucial for pharma drug producers. Improvements in know-how, corresponding to automation and robotics, have revolutionized drug production processes. These enhancements have not only enhanced the effectivity and accuracy of manufacturing but in addition minimized the possibility of human mistake. Furthermore, the integration of information analytics and actual-time checking tactics has enabled proactive top quality administration, making certain that any deviations are detected and corrected instantly. Additionally, the adoption of steady manufacturing techniques has emerged as a promising innovation in the trade. As opposed to standard batch production, which is time-consuming and useful resource-intense, steady manufacturing allows for a streamlined manufacturing training course of. This technique facilitates greater manage in excess of vital parameters and minimizes supplies waste, resulting in increased productiveness and expense-effectiveness. In conclusion, the pharma drug manufacturing industry grapples with problems posed by stringent regulatory requirements and the complexity of drug formulations. Nevertheless, by way of continual innovation, which includes developments in know-how and the adoption of novel manufacturing techniques, producers are locating alternatives to individuals issues. This sort of innovations not entirely boost effectiveness and large top quality administration but in addition contribute to the overall progression and expansion of the enterprise.

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Consider this scenario: you’re a law enforcement officer in a SWAT unit, facing a high-risk situation where every moment is precious. The performance of your equipment, particularly your firearm’s sighting system, could be the deciding factor between a successful operation and a disastrous one. Red dot sights and your firearm’s built-in iron sights can be used. Each of these optics comes with its own set of advantages and drawbacks, displaying marked differences in terms of ease of use, precision, and versatility. Red dots provide the benefit of swift target acquisition and notably enhanced accuracy in low-light situations. Traditional iron sights are appreciated for their steadfast dependability and robustness. Let’s discuss more of these sights. What are Red Dot Optics and Iron Sights? Red dot optics and iron sights are two distinct sighting systems utilized in firearms, with each offering unique advantages for improving accuracy and target acquisition speed. What are Red Dot Sights? Red dot sights are non-magnifying optics that provide a simple and intuitive aiming solution for firearms. A red dot sight’s design centers around a reflective spherical mirror and a solid-state light-emitting diode (LED) emitter inside the housing. This LED, through an aperture, produces a beam of light—usually red—onto a specially coated lens. The lens is coated with a partially reflective material that reflects the LED light in the form of a red dot back toward the shooter’s eye. This red dot, called a reticle, is the aimpoint. The shooter superimposes the red dot on the target. Given the right range, conditions, and training, the bullet will hit the target after the trigger is pulled. What are Iron Sights? Traditional iron sights are basic aiming devices composed of metal components, typically built-in on firearms. Iron sights do not require batteries or external power sources. They usually consist of two main components: the front and rear sights. The front sight is a post or blade located near the end of the firearm’s muzzle. It can take different shapes such as a square post or a tapered blade. The top of the front sight is the point of focus for the shooter. The rear sight is positioned closer to the shooter’s eye. It consists of a notch or aperture through which the front sight is aligned. The rear sight may have a horizontal or vertical notch, or it can be a U-shaped aperture. When using iron sights, the shooter aligns the front sight with the rear sight. Proper alignment involves centering the front sight within the notch or aperture of the rear sight. The aligned sights, along with the target, form a “sight picture.” The shooter adjusts the alignment until the top of the front sight is level with the top of the rear sight and centered within the notch or aperture. The point where the top of the front sight aligns with the target represents the projected point of impact. For example, if the top of the front sight is aligned with the center of the target, the bullet should impact the target at that point. The decision between these two sight types largely hinges on individual needs and shooting styles. For individuals in high-pressure situations where speed is of the essence, a red dot sight could be more advantageous. For those who value reliability and tradition, iron sights may be more appealing. Pros and Cons of Red Dot Optics in Tactical Operations Using red dot optics in tactical operations has its benefits and drawbacks. Let’s discuss some of them: Pros of Red Dot Optics in Tactical Operations - Rapid Target Acquisition: Red dot optical sights are designed to allow shooters to aim quickly and intuitively. The reticle allows for faster sight alignment and faster target acquisition, which is crucial in dynamic and rapidly evolving tactical situations. - Both Eyes Open Shooting: With a red dot, the individual can shoot with both eyes open. This enhances his situational awareness of both the target and his surroundings in his peripheral vision. - Versatility Across Platforms: Red dot optics can be mounted on pistols, rifles, shotguns, and handguns. This versatility allows operators to use a consistent aiming system across different weapon systems. - Effective in Low-Light Conditions: Many red dot optics offer adjustable brightness settings, making them effective in low-light or nighttime operations. The illuminated reticle ensures visibility in challenging lighting environments. - Reduced Parallax Effect: Red dot optics are parallax-free. The point of impact remains consistent regardless of the shooter’s eye position. - Integration with Night Vision Devices: Some red dot optics are compatible with night vision devices, allowing operators to maintain accuracy during nighttime operations. - Straightforward Aiming: Operators are usually under a lot of stress in tactical operations. Red dot optics alleviate this by simplifying the aiming process, allowing the operator to simply aim and shoot. - Durable Construction: Many red dot optics are built to withstand harsh conditions, featuring rugged construction and shock-resistant designs. Cons of Red Dot Optics in Tactical Operations - Battery Dependency: Red dot optics rely on batteries to power the illuminated reticle. Battery failure can occur, which makes the red dot useless. - Limited Magnification: Traditional red dot optics provide 1x magnification, limiting their effectiveness at longer distances. For longer ranges, magnified optics are preferred. - Susceptibility to Environmental Conditions: Red dot optics with exposed lenses may be susceptible to environmental conditions like rain, snow, or dust. - Cost: High-quality red dot optics can be expensive, and their cost may be a consideration for budget-conscious agencies or operators. - Vulnerability to Impact: While durable, red dot optics can be vulnerable to impact or rough handling. Protective measures, such as lens covers or housing designs, can mitigate this risk. Pros and Cons of Iron Sights in Tactical Operations Iron sights offer reliability, simplicity, and cost-effectiveness in tactical operations. However, they may have limitations in terms of precision, target acquisition speed, and low-light performance when compared to modern optics. Pros of Iron Sights in Tactical Operations - Reliability: Iron sights are mechanical and do not rely on batteries or electronics. They are always ready for use, eliminating concerns about power failure during critical moments. - Durability: Traditional iron sights are durable and can withstand harsh conditions, including extreme temperatures, rain, and dust. They are less prone to damage from impact or rough handling. - Cost-Effectiveness: Iron sights are free; they’re built into the firearm. Even if you purchase aftermarket iron sights and upgrades, you’ll save more money than when you purchase red dots. - Simple and Intuitive: Iron sights have a straightforward design that is easy to understand and use. They are intuitive for shooters. - Versatility: Iron sights are almost always incorporated in firearms such as rifles, shotguns, and handguns. - Low Profile: Iron sights have a low profile, which can be advantageous for maintaining a streamlined and unobstructed view, especially when using cover or in confined spaces. Cons of Iron Sights in Tactical Operations - Limited Precision: Iron sights may provide limited precision, especially at longer distances. Shooters may find it challenging to achieve the same level of accuracy as with magnified optics. - Slower Target Acquisition: In comparison to red dot optics, iron sights require a slightly longer time for target acquisition. - Dependence on Light Conditions: Iron sights can be less effective in low-light conditions or when visibility is compromised. The lack of illuminated reticles may hinder aiming in these scenarios. Fiber optic dots can somewhat alleviate this problem. - Difficulties for Those with Eyesight Problems: Shooters with eyesight problems may experience challenges with focusing on traditional iron sights. - Not Ideal for Close-Quarters Combat (CQC): In close-quarters combat scenarios, where rapid target acquisition is crucial, iron sights may be less efficient compared to red dot optics. - Lack of Built-In Range Finding: Iron sights lack built-in features for range estimation. Shooters must rely on external methods or memorization for distance calculations. - Challenges with Moving Targets: Engaging moving targets may be more challenging with iron sights, as they lack the quick target acquisition benefits provided by red dot optics. Can Red Dot Optics and Iron Sights Be Used Together? You can get the best of both worlds! Red dot optics and iron sights can be used together; in fact, this is a common setup on many firearms. This combination is often referred to as “co-witnessing.” Co-witnessing allows shooters to have the benefits of both systems, providing redundancy and flexibility in different shooting scenarios. There are two primary types of co-witnessing: - Lower 1/3 Co-Witness: In this configuration, the red dot sight’s reticle aligns with the top of the front sight post. This allows the shooter to see both the red dot and the iron sights in the lower portion of the optic’s field of view. The lower 1/3 co-witness is often preferred as it provides a more unobstructed view of the target through the optic. - Absolute Co-Witness: In an absolute co-witness setup, the red dot sight’s reticle aligns precisely with the top of the front sight post. This means that the iron sights and the red dot appear at the same height when looking through the optic. While this setup can be effective, some shooters find it can obscure the lower portion of the sight picture. Benefits of Co-Witnessing - Redundancy: If the red dot optic becomes damaged or malfunctions or if it runs out of battery, the shooter can quickly transition to using the iron sights without removing the optic. - Flexibility in Sight Options: Co-witnessing allows shooters to choose between the speed and ease of use provided by the red dot sight for close-quarters engagements and the precision of iron sights for longer-range shots. - Training Consistency: For shooters transitioning between different firearms with iron sights and those with red dot optics, co-witnessing provides a consistent sight picture. This can be beneficial for training and muscle memory. - Adaptability to Changing Conditions: Co-witnessing allows shooters to adapt quickly to changing conditions, such as shifts in lighting or the need for a faster or more precise aiming solution. How to Set Up Co-Witnessing - Mounting the Red Dot Optic: Properly mount the red dot sight on the firearm using a suitable mount. Ensure the mount is secure and aligned correctly. - Choosing the Co-Witness Height: Select either a lower 1/3 co-witness or an absolute co-witness height based on personal preference and shooting requirements. - Adjusting Iron Sights: If necessary, adjust the iron sights to co-witness with the red dot sight. This ensures that the point of impact aligns correctly with the point of aim. - Zeroing: Zero both the red dot sight and the iron sights to the desired point of impact. This ensures that the shooter can transition seamlessly between the two sighting systems. - Testing and Training: Conduct tests and training drills to ensure the co-witnessed setup functions as intended. Practice transitioning between the red dot sight and iron sights to build familiarity and proficiency. Tactical operations require a variety of options when it comes to sighting systems. Red dot optics and the iron sights bring down their own set of advantages and possible drawbacks. In some instances, you may find it beneficial to use both of them together, offering enhanced adaptability. Understand that the sight you choose can greatly influence your operational effectiveness. With proper and consistent training, you can use both sights to your advantage.

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A vet at Joii Pet Care has issued a reminder to dog owners on the risks posed by artificial grass during the heatwave. Dr Samantha Webster warned that artificial grass can burn pets’ paws as it can heat up quickly under the sun. She told The Sun: “One very common danger for cats and dogs alike in summer is hot surfaces, which can quickly result in sore and burnt paws. “To test the temperature of the surface they are likely to walk on, try holding the back of your hand against it for at least seven seconds – if it is too hot for your hand, it is too hot for your furry companions. “It is really important to note that if you have artificial grass in your garden, this will heat up very quickly if under direct sunlight and so should be treated with the same caution as with pavement.” She also explained that certain breeds are more at risk of developing sunstroke than others, such as flat-faced dogs. “Unlike humans who can sweat from just about anywhere on the body, dogs are only able to sweat through their paws. “To keep cool, they expel heat by panting but as temperatures begin to rise, it becomes harder for the dog to cool down by panting as they are drawing in warmer air than they are releasing. “Your dog is most at risk of sunstroke when exercising on hot days. If your dog is experiencing sunstroke, there are some clear tell-tale signs to look out for. “These include excessive panting, drooling, bright red gums, shaking and vomiting,” she added.

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Brain Injured Mice Offer Insight on Traumatic Brain Injuries and CTE A new study published in the Journal of Neurotrauma may offer insight into the behavioral changes and problems caused by repeated brain injuries, as well as offering a model for new methods of preventing and identifying the neurodegenerative disorder chronic traumatic encephalopthy. The research used mice to show that mild repetitive traumatic brain injury creates many of the same behavioral problems associated with CTE in humans, including difficulty sleeping, depression, judgement, and risk-taking issues. Currently, no model exists for chronic traumatic encephalopathy, but the new animal study could potentially provide an important early-stage tool for understanding the condition and focusing research for future treatments. “This new model captures both the clinical aspects of repetitive mild TBI and CTE,” said Anthony L. Petraglia, M.D., a neurosurgeon with the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry and lead author of the study. “While public awareness of the long-term health risk of blows to the head is growing rapidly, our ability to scientifically study the fundamental neurological impact of mild brain injuries has lagged.” Repeated traumatic brain injuries are widely believed to be a cause for the permanent brain disease CTE, as well as long-term neurological impairment in less extreme cases. Sometimes, people undergo dental pain due to injuries in the brain. If you’re looking for getting dental crowns and other services from dentists, you can check them out here! The study stimulated the type of TBI that tends to occur in sports or from other hits to the head in mice, who were then evaluated in a series of tasks designed to measure behavior. The tests included measurements of spatial and learning memory, anxiety and risk-taking behavior, sleep disturbances, and electrical activity in the brain. The mice with repetitive mild TBI did poorly in every test, and their poor performance persisted over time. “These results resemble the spectrum of neuro-behavioral problems that have been reported and observed in individuals who have sustained multiple mild TBI and those who were subsequently diagnosed with CTE, including behaviors such as poor judgment, risk taking, and depression,” said Petraglia. “Undoubtedly further work is needed,” concluded Petraglia. “However, this study serves as a good starting point and it is hoped that with continued investigation this novel model will allow for a controlled, mechanistic analysis of repetitive mild TBI and CTE in the future, because it is the first to encapsulate the spectrum of this human phenomenon.”

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Oral health care is the method of retaining tooth free and clean from infection and other dental issues by each day flossing and extensive clean-up of the tooth. It is additionally vital that good oral cleanliness is completed every day in order to avoid smelly breath and additional tooth problems. Listed here are indications of by mouth conditions that require dentist’s interest. Tooth understanding or ache: It is a hint that this anxious feelings supplying flavour, aroma and style are impaired somewhat. A painless teeth extraction or perhaps abscess structure in the pulp-stage implies serious problems with the lack of feeling. It may be better to experience a childrens dentist who will identify the problem if it may be happening for some time. Should it be a result of a matter, a child fluid warmers dental practitioner can achieve a neural-ectomy and help save the teeth. Tooth loss or deferred growth, normally, dental offices suggest painkillers for verbal ache but: Research shows that kids that are under the age of more effective several weeks are actually recognized to shed their 1st enamel around two years. It’s now been linked to dental diseases including neural problems, coronary disease, oral and weakening of bones decompose. A dentist can spot the condition and handle it if this describes observed earlier. Currently, most tooth decay is because fluoride, which may be taken from the tooth by way of fluoride remedy. Poor personal hygiene causes teeth and teeth cavities ailment: Common bacteria tend to be found everywhere in the jaws. They see microorganisms, plaque buildup and sweets that gather amongst tooth, inside of the gum line plus wallets and creases between the pearly white’s. Most verbal infections come from dental plaque buildup that build up in between the teeth, inside the facial lines along with pouches. There are several different types of by mouth illnesses, and the most frequent types are tooth, gingivitis and periodontitis caries. The dental office can establish these and provide remedies. The American Dental Assoc . proposes which every grown-up have standard dentistry that may be carried out a minimum of annually. This can include the two your examinations and fluoride remedies. Many declares, for instance Illinois, have dental programs which include schedule dental hygiene as part of their Medicaid plan. This is a great solution for very low-cash flow people. Kids might get tooth decay, very. Teething can be another difficulty that could impact children’s pearly whites. The fact is, teething children won’t need to have dentistry until eventually they’re with the 6th yr of everyday living. He or she may benefit from early preventative dental hygiene, in particular if there is a medical history of cavities in the family, if a child’s gum line are regularly annoyed. Mothers and fathers also need to be certain their kids collect every year flu virus photos. In case you can’t afford dental treatment, nearly everyone is embracing acquiring medigap insurance policies through talk about-borrowed oral health initiatives. The state of illinois is but one condition which has a entire style website cms-416 dental health step. Locals can pick a program that has every one of the significant families of coverage, like annual dental outings. The shape content management systems-416 offers methods of people and people out there. Some insurance providers have formulated strategies that is ordered confidentially. The state of illinois residents can find a personal strategy which provides some, but each your options covered by the sort Website cms-416. There is no doubt that good brushing and flossing are nevertheless critical. No person need to pay no attention to the importance of these responsibilities. Most people took it for the excessive and they are totally neglecting these chores, vehicles really should still be completed. For all those with bad the teeth, it may be time to look at excellent wellness project that may give additional safeguard, in addition to a several protection actions. In the event you loved this post and you want to receive more info with regards to Zahnarzt in Ungarn generously visit our internet site. Had you been thinking about the material for this write-up, below are a few much more web pages with similar content:

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Your yard’s trees are a few of the things that make your home stand out amongst the others. Your home’s trees are unique and beautiful. They provide shade in the summertime and shelter. You enjoy spending time outdoors with your family and appreciate how much your trees do for you and your yard, but did you know that trees are prone to illness? That’s right! Your trees can catch tree bark diseases and infestations. If you don’t pay close enough attention to your trees, they can become ill to the point of complete decay. To save your trees and keep them safe for years to come, you should know how to identify tree diseases and bug infestations. Knowing the signs is the first step. Once you’re able to identify a problem, you can then correct it. Here’s what you need to know! There are several different types of diseases that trees can catch. These diseases can be transferred from one tree to another by animals, insects, and other things as well. Know how to identify some of the popular tree diseases to help keep your tree healthy. 1. Bark’s Peeling It’s not uncommon for small sections of your tree’s bark to peel off every now and then. This is a normal part of your tree’s life, however, if you notice large pieces or sections of bark peeling off, then it’s time to worry. Your tree’s bark is what protects the core of the tree. It keeps your tree healthy by helping it maintain all of its necessary nutrients. When the bark begins to fall off, your tree is now losing its protection and nutrients. 2. Mildew Growth Mildew growth on your tree is a sure sign of an unhealthy environment. If you notice a whiteish, powdery mold on your tree’s leaves, then this is a sign of disease that shouldn’t be taken lightly. When the weather brings high humidity levels, this type of mold is more common. Along with visible mold on your tree’s leaves, you can also expect your tree’s leaves to be distorted. A stunt in tree growth is also expected after finding this mold. Before the mold grows to cover the entire leaf, it starts out as small white spots. Catching the mold in its earliest stages is always best, so be on the lookout for those. 3. Grey Fungus Noticing grey fungus growths is a sign of Fomes Fomentarius. This fungus is grey in color and is hard to the touch. If you take a minute to look under the hoof-shaped fungus, you’ll find tiny white pores everywhere. Once you notice this fungus growing on your tree, you can expect it to continue growing until it’s completely removed. 4. Leaves with Spots Leaf rust looks as you would imagine it to: like rust spots on the leaves. All tree species are capable of developing leaf rust. The spots on the leaves are yellowish, orangish, with hints of brown or black. Leaf rust affects your tree because the leaves won’t be able to make food from the sun as they should. The end result is a weakened tree, which is then susceptible to other issues. 5. Seeping Fluids Trees create sap and sap can be found within your tree. It’s normal to notice tree sap here and there, but fluids seeping out of your tree is something to be worried about. Alcoholic slime flux is a tree disease that causes the tree to seep fluids. These fluids cause dark streaks to appear down your tree’s trunk. In worst cases, the tree will even begin to seep excessive amounts of fluids until there’s a pool around the base of the tree. Identifying Bug Infestations Unfortunately, diseases aren’t the only thing that can cause a tree bad health. Bug infestations are another worry that you have when it comes to protecting your tree. Here’s what you need to know. 1. Dry Foilage If a mite infestation is effecting your tree, then you’ll begin to see dry foliage. Mites live off of the juices inside trees and plants, and they’ll suck it dry. In return, the foilage on your tree will become dried out, curled, and dead. 2. Chewed Foilage If you notice that your tree’s foliage has been chewed, then this could be another sign of a bug infestation. There are several types of insects that love to nibble on leaves. Identifying the type of insect can be done by looking at the chew marks or how the leaves were eaten (left only the stem, made a few holes, and more). 3. Visible Holes Noticing visible holes in your tree’s trunks and branches could mean that there are insects eating through it. The larvae of wood-boring insects dig through tree bark. When the insect lays eggs inside your tree’s bark, the larvae will hatch and begin boring through your tree’s bark. When this happens, your tree is unable to get the water and nutrients it needs, causing large sections of bark to die. 4. White Masses White masses of a cotton-like substance are caused by several different types of small insects. These masses can be the egg sacks of the insects or the insects themselves. They feed off of the fluids found within plants and will cause the tree or sections of the tree to die. 5. Black Mold Some insects release a “honeydew” that rests on your tree or on your tree’s leaves. Mold can then begin to grow on this substance. If you notice black mold anywhere on your tree, then you might have a bug infestation. The black mold that you see is most likely growing on this substance left by the insects. Notice Any Tree Bark Diseases Yourself? Have you noticed any tree bark diseases on your tree? If so, it’s time to call in the professionals! Click here to contact us today and allow us to handle all of your tree’s issues!

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b. 1812 – Virginia Bell received 640 acres in Texas for his participation in the battle of San Jacinto, and 1,080 acres and a headright certificate for one-third league of land for additional service in the Texas army. He joined the Texas Rangers during the Somervell expedition and later served in the U.S. Army under General Zachary Taylor in the U.S.-Mexican War. Bell was elected governor for two terms. He gained experience in frontier affairs during his military service, which helped inspire confidence in rapidly moving the line of settlement southwestward. Bell was elected governor for two terms but resigned a few months before his second term expired to fill the vacancy in the U.S. Congress caused by the death of David Kaufman. Bell County is named for him.

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Sufficient sleep is required for peak performance (e.g., physical, mental). Both the amount of sleep and the quality of the sleep matter for positive outcomes. That said, the amount of sleep you need varies from person to person. For young adults (age 18-25), 7 to 9 hours of sleep per night are recommended. However, individual sleep needs vary from 6 to 10 hours, so make sure you know how much sleep you need to function efficiently. Sleep for a healthy mind and body Uninterrupted sleep is important to experience periods of rapid eye movement (REM), which are necessary for learning, problem solving, and storing memories Impaired or inadequate sleep can impact: memorization concentration motivation creativity reaction time coordination mood (e.g., irritability, impatience, and depression) Signs you're not getting enough sleep You can find out how much sleep you need by reviewing the following questions: Do you have trouble waking up in the morning? Do you sleep 2 hours or more later on weekends than during the week? Do you fall asleep during the day (e.g., in class, studying, etc.)? If any of the answers to these questions is "yes", it could be a sign that your body needs more sleep, consistently. Tips for a good night’s sleep Establish regular sleeping patterns (going to bed and getting up around the same time everyday) Avoid going to bed hungry or full. Get regular exercise (3-4 times per week), but not right before you plan to go to sleep – mid-afternoon is best. Use your bed only for sleep (and sex). Avoid using it to study, eat, chat with friends, etc. Make sure your room is dark (e.g., use a sleep mask, close shades) and quiet (e.g., wear earplugs), and the right temperature (cooler temperatures are better). Take naps before 3 p.m. and for less than an hour. Eat foods rich in the amino acid L-tryptophan (e.g., milk, turkey, tuna) and carbohydrates (e.g., bread, cereal). Avoid caffeine, alcohol, and large amounts of sugar. Take warm shower or bath. Read a book, or some other calm activity. Go to sleep and get up around the same time every day to set your body’s rhythm. Practice relaxation techniques before bedtime. Deep breathing and visualization techniques can help you relax and facilitate sleep. Avoid sleep-disturbing substances like alcohol and caffeine. Alcohol creates the illusions of good sleep but can impact REM and overall sleep quality.

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Paseo del Morro is a walkway that skirts the city walls from the San Juan Gate to Castillo de San Felipe del Morro, along the entrance to the San Juan Bay. The trail once served as a maintenance road for the west section of the city walls. In 1998 it was opened to the public and in 2001 it was designated as a National Recreational Trail. The walkway offers spectacular views of a long section of the city walls, allowing visitors to imagine the immensity of the task that was the construction of the murallas, a project that began in 1630 and didn’t finish until 1790. Those working on the building included skilled stonecutters and masons, labourers, soldiers, convicts and slaves. Today the historic walls are no longer under attack by foreign troops, but by plants. Along with the wind, rain and ocean waves, plants are one of the most powerful natural forces that can damage the fortifications. Along Paseo del Morro a number of features have been installed to help protect the historic features of the fortification above from erosion. A breakwater was installed in 1949 and a rock pile along the shore, called a riprap, was started in the 1970s and completed in the 1990s. Concrete coating, known as shotcrete, was sprayed, or ‘shot’, onto the slope to further protect the National Historic Site. The Paseo del Morro, from the San Juan gate to El Morro, is around 2.5 kilometres (1.5 miles) long and the walkway is open daily from 9:00 to 18:00. Visitors can follow the path around to the north of El Morro and climb a flight of stairs, which leads to the esplanade at the front of the fort.

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In 1995, no one would have predicted the success that has been seen in the reintroduction of the wolf into wilderness areas in Idaho, Montana and Wyoming. One goal of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife service was to have 10 breeding pairs in the three recovery areas. In the most recent study, there were more than 900 wolves in the tri-state region. During the past summer, the Utah Division of Wildlife Resources conducted meetings statewide to determine the measure of control that would be exacted on Utah?s wolf population. While there is an argument of whether Utah has a wolf population, almost all biologists contend that in Utah?s wildest regions, a population will find its way there. In the presentation made by the Daily Universe, we showed residents the importance of being aware of the process that was used to reintroduce the populations to wilderness areas; the difficulties in monitoring, controlling and eliminating those animals. We feel Utah DWR officials are taking proper steps through the public hearing process to make certain all voices from all segments concerned are represented, so when wolves are introduced or naturally disperse into the state, the proper laws are in place for monitoring and control. We applaud the state and hope the laws needed will be in place by the time the first low howl of a wolf comes down from Lone Peak.

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Southern Conference on African American Studies, Inc., C. Calvin Smith Book Award “Young . . . looks at both sides of Church’s personality, and he has painted Church’s image onto the larger canvas of African American political struggle.”—Journal of American History “An enlightening local study of racial politics in a Southern city. Written in concise, accessible, and jargon-free prose, this will be the definitive book on Robert Church Jr. for decades to come.”—Journal of African American History “A powerfully argued critical study of one of the most influential figures who lived during the first half of the twentieth century.”—Journal of Southern History “An original portrait of a largely unheralded African American political and civil rights leader in the first half of the twentieth century. Young draws from an impressive range of primary and secondary sources to provide a much-needed biography of this important figure.”—Elizabeth Gritter, author of River of Hope: Black Politics and the Memphis Freedom Movement, 1865–1954 “A meticulous and well-researched biography that reintroduces us to a titan of the early civil rights struggle.”—Charles W. McKinney Jr., author of Greater Freedom: The Evolution of the Civil Rights Struggle in Wilson, North Carolina This volume highlights the little-known story of Robert R. Church Jr., the most prominent black Republican of the 1920s and 1930s. Tracing Church’s lifelong crusade to make race an important part of the national political conversation, Darius Young reveals how Church was critical to the formative years of the civil rights struggle. A member of the black elite in Memphis, Tennessee, Church was a banker, political mobilizer, and civil rights advocate who worked to create opportunities for the black community despite the notorious Democrat E. H. “Boss” Crump’s hold over Memphis politics. Spurred by the belief that the vote was the most pragmatic path to full citizenship in the United States, Church founded the Lincoln League of America, which advocated for the interests of black voters in over thirty states. He was instrumental in establishing the NAACP throughout the South as it investigated various incidents of racial violence in the Mississippi Delta. At the height of his influence, Church served as an advisor for Presidents Harding and Coolidge, generating greater participation of and recognition for African Americans in the Republican Party. Church’s life and career offer a window into the incremental, behind-the-scenes victories of black voters and leaders during the Jim Crow era that set the foundation for the more nationally visible civil rights movement to follow. Darius J. Young is associate professor of history at Florida A&M University. Publication of the paperback edition made possible by a Sustaining the Humanities through the American Rescue Plan grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities.

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Advocates for Highway & Auto Safety, as well as other safety groups, are urging states to implement more highway safety laws. Among those states is Indiana, which, according to a new national report, is lagging when it comes to preventing fatal traffic accidents. Motorcycle helmet laws One law the Hoosier state hasn’t implemented is all-rider motorcycle helmet laws. Only riders under age 18 and those with learner’s permits must wear helmets. In 2017, Indiana had a total of 3,131 motorcycle collisions and 144 deaths – up from 100 deaths in 2016. Approximately 89 of the riders who were killed were reportedly not wearing helmets. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the most effective method for preventing motorcycle deaths is for states to implement universal helmet laws. Moreover, the CDC estimates that helmets saved 1,859 lives, and could have saved another 802 lives, in 2016. Helmets have the potential to reduce the risk of a head injury by 69 percent and the risk of death by 37 percent. Restrictions for teen drivers Indiana also doesn’t implement Graduated Driver Licensing (GDL) laws protecting teenage drivers and other road users. These laws include: - Minimum age to obtain a learner’s permit at 16 - Minimum age to obtain an unrestricted license at 18 - Stronger restrictions for driving at night According to the National Safety Council (NSC) roughly half of all teen drivers will be involved in at least one traffic accident before graduating high school. This is primarily due to inexperience and mistakes made while learning how to navigate different roadways and adjust to various situations. Child safety laws Also missing from the books in Indiana are two crucial laws that protect young children: - Requiring children to be seated in rear-facing car seats until age 2 - Requiring booster seats Rear-facing car seats protect children under age 2 by supporting the head, neck and spine and absorbing crash force in a way that minimizes the likelihood of death by five times. Safe Seats 4 Kids suggests keeping children rear-facing at least until age 2 in order to prevent head, neck, and/or spinal cord injuries in a collision. Young children who have outgrown rear-facing seats should also be placed in booster seats until they reach 4 feet 9 inches and within the age range of 8 to 12. This is because most children won’t fit into seat belts without a booster seat. Ignition interlocks for DUI offenders When someone gets behind the wheel after having too much to drink, they often put others’ lives at risk. In 2017, the United States saw a total of 10,874 traffic fatalities caused by drunk driving. Approximately 220 people lost their lives that year in Indiana. While police do their best to keep convicted drunk drivers off Indiana roads, some of these drivers may end up reoffending. This is because the state doesn’t have a law in place requiring DUI/OWI offenders to install ignition interlock devices in their vehicles after the first offense. This law applies only after an offender is arrested a second time – putting potentially more lives at risk. When the law can’t protect you, our attorneys can help Whether or not these traffic safety laws will be implemented in Indiana, drivers still have a responsibility to drive safely. If you or a loved one was injured in a crash due to someone else’s negligence, you need a knowledgeable and highly skilled auto accident attorney on your side. Look no further than Vaughan & Vaughan, located in Lafayette. Contact us today for your free, no-obligation case evaluation.

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Design for Durability Designed for long use Ninety percent of PVC applications are designed for medium or long-term use. PVC is resistant to weathering, chemical rotting, corrosion, shock and abrasion. In a recent study, PVC pipe that had been buried in Australian soils for 30 years was exhumed and its condition tested. It was found to be in excellent condition (CSIRO, 2000, Long-term performance of PVC pressure pipes). The Water Services Association of Australia's (WSAA) Sewer Drain Code gives PVC a Category A rating, signifying a life expectancy of over 100 years. WSAA also gives PVC a Category A rating for water reticulation. In other applications, such as window profiles and cable insulation, studies indicate that over 60% of products will last longer than 40 years. New innovative vinyl formwork wall construction systems have a building design life of 200 years. Strength and light weight PVC's abrasion resistance, light weight, good mechanical strength and toughness are key technical advantages for its use in building and construction applications. Its applicability for light weight structures such as roofing, is especially suited to building in Australia's tropical zone. It can also be made scratch resistant, sunlight resistant and of almost any colour. Rigid PVC is inherently difficult to ignite because of the chlorine from which the polymer is made. It stops burning once the source of heat is removed. Compared with other common plastic, PVC performs well in terms of: - Lower combustibility - Lower flammability - Less flame propagation - Less heat release The natural fire resistance of flexible PVC may be reduced by the additives which are blended with the resin to make PVC flexible, but this, in turn, may be offset by the inclusion of flame retardants. Newly developed, fire retardant PVC formulations (FR-PVC) have significant advantages in terms of lower acid emissions, smoke generation and enhanced fire resistance. For more information, visit PVC & Fire section.

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By Son Kim Assistive Technology (AT) may be used by anyone with a visual impairment. Whether someone is 7 or 97, AT makes everyday tasks easily accessible for people from all different walks of life. Below, you will find examples of how AT is commonly used. Keep in mind that each individual’s needs are different, and therefore, devices used varies greatly from person to person. Below are real world examples of individuals using Assistive Technology on a daily basis. For some, keeping up with sighted peers in and out of the classroom seems daunting. However, when matched with the correct AT, visually impaired students can thrive in school, no matter their age or area of study. Christopher is 19. His musical talents and interest in producing audio projects led him to major in Audio Engineering. He utilizes a Closed Circuit Television (CCTV), an AT device that magnifies what is on the board, displaying it on an easy to view screen. Christopher uses this device to follow the notes written on the board, as well as to enlarge printed handouts distributed during class. In addition, Christopher must often complete audio projects outside of class. To do this, he relies on a computer with a built in screen magnifier. Through his successful use of AT, Christopher is ranked in the top 10% of his major. Ana loves education and has always wanted to be a psychology Professor, with the goal of obtaining her Doctorate before she turned 30. Unfortunately, Ana unexpectedly lost all of her vision in the middle of pursuing that Doctorate degree. Ana’s confidence plummeted; she could not imagine preparing and defending a Doctoral Thesis without being able to see, much less grade papers and continue to effectively teach her students. After connecting with Vista Center, Ana received Assistive Technology Training. She learned to use JAWS, a popular screen reading software on a computer. This allowed her to continue writing papers and communicating with others. Furthermore, Ana received a scanner and Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. OCR software allows scanned documents to be recognized and read, in this case using a screen reader. Ana is able to read and provide feedback on assignments from her students. As a result, Ana rediscovered her confidence, and she graduated with a Doctorate 2 years later, securing a teaching opportunity at a university not long after graduation. Creating, sharing, and editing documents is a day to day occurrence for most professionals. Responding quickly to urgent emails is essential, as is being organized. Through the use of AT, blind professionals can accomplish all of these tasks and more. Arielle is a successful grant writer for a local nonprofit organization. Arielle uses a screen magnifier, as well as a screen reader because her eyes tire quickly. In addition to a computer, Arielle uses an iPad with a wireless keyboard, enabling her to keep up with emails and documents on the go. Finally, during meetings, Arielle uses a talking digital recorder, enabling her to review the meeting later if necessary. Ronan works as a receptionist in a law office. He loves communicating with others and had immense customer service experience when applying for the job. However, his employer was concerned that Ronan’s blindness would inhibit him from performing all of the job’s duties. Since Ronan was proficient in using his AT devices, he was able to explain why this would not be the case. At work, Ronan utilizes a Braille note taker to access lists of phone extensions, email inquiries, and other necessary documents. Ronan also records all appointments in the office calendar using a screen reader installed on his office computer. Due to his great job performance, Ronan received a raise after being on the job for only 8 months. A loss of vision to a senior is a very scary reality. AT is not just for those at work or school. With the correct AT and training, Seniors coping with vision loss can live productive, satisfying lives. Prior to his vision loss, Don spent much of his retirement with his 5 grandchildren. Don wanted to continue being an involved grandparent, despite his loss of vision. As a result, Don turned to AT training to ensure that he received the technology to best fit his needs. Don’ was trained to use Talkback on his smartphone. This allows Don to coordinate transportation to family events and keep up with the endless pictures of his grandkids on social media. Furthermore, Don now uses a Braille display. This allows Don to continue his hobbies of reading and writing. Don now volunteers his services to help other blind seniors use their AT devices effectively. Assistive Technology is an essential tool. Whether a client is in the workforce, in school, or in another stage of life, AT ensures that daily tasks are accessible. This productivity leads to a more fulfilling and satisfying life.

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Before continuing with Book Two of Laws, there is a major theme in Book One that I ought to have included in the previous post as a significant point in common with one of the primary biblical themes. Both Plato and God emphatically stress the importance of testing the character of their people. The purpose of this test is to produce citizens worthy of the new state or kingdom. They will demonstrate their purity of character by obedience to the laws, living a holy life and hating everything that is against “nature”, “wisdom” or a “noble spirit”. Plato speaks of several ways people need to be tested for character so they can learn self-control and master their base passions and so become worthy citizens. Worthy citizens must learn to overcome unhealthy fear and the temptations of pleasures. For you are the only people known to us, whether Greek or barbarian, whom the legislator commanded to eschew all great pleasures and amusements and never to touch them; whereas in the matter of pains or fears which we have just been discussing, he thought that they who from infancy had always avoided pains and fears and sorrows, when they were compelled to face them would run away from those who were hardened in them, and would become their subjects. Now the legislator ought to have considered that this was equally true of pleasure; he should have said to himself, that if our citizens are from their youth upward unacquainted with the greatest pleasures, and unused to endure amid the temptations of pleasure, and are not disciplined to refrain from all things evil, the sweet feeling of pleasure will overcome them just as fear would overcome the former class; and in another, and even a worse manner, they will be the slaves of those who are able to endure amid pleasures, and have had the opportunity of enjoying them, they being often the worst of mankind. One half of their souls will be a slave, the other half free; and they will not be worthy to be called in the true sense men and freemen. . . . One is reminded here of Herodotus’s infamously curious line that concludes his Histories: and [the Persians] chose rather to dwell on poor land and be rulers, than to sow crops in a level plain and be slaves to others. Recall from the previous post the same theme of healthy and unhealthy fears that Plato spoke of through his characters. Note the last line of the following extract: the ideal legislators must bring their people to face many fears to learn to have the right kind of fear — which is the same dialogue explains is reverence, or fear of God. Continue reading “Plato’s template for the Bible”

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With the aging of tunnels, additional maintenance and assessment procedures are required to monitor their working conditions. The passive thermal infrared method, which is a nondestructive contact-free method, is used to find defects in a box-type and shield tunnels with concrete lining. In this study, this method is numerically applied to detect defects in an unhealthy concrete structure. The thermal field data measurements are reviewed and the governing heat transfer mechanisms for a defected concrete surface are presented. The heat transfer in the concrete segment, tunnel air, and the air inside the void due to the conduction, convection, and radiation mechanisms is explained. Further, the type of cavity, the temperature difference between the healthy and unhealthy concrete surfaces, the temperature difference between the tunnel air and concrete surfaces, and the influence of the void depth on the detection accuracy are investigated. The results show that the temperature difference between the concrete surface and the tunnel air is more than 0.35 °C, which is an ideal condition for detecting the voids with an approximate depth of 30 mm or less. ASJC Scopus subject areas

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CC-MAIN-2024-10

https://waseda.elsevierpure.com/ja/publications/study-of-infrared-thermal-application-for-detecting-defects-withi

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en

One of the most vital elements of a successful skills development platform is the offer of comprehensive learning pathways. These pathways help identify the skills a learner specifically needs to focus on – a vastly more effective learning process than using a set curriculum for all learners. Learning pathways are formed by focusing on the skills within skills that someone already knows, needs to know, and will know in the future. As each broader skill branches out into more specific and granular skills, links are created that show the essential connections in knowledge to enable comprehensive and holistic learning. At Workera, we call this an ontology – but where does the term 'ontology' come from and what should it mean to the world of upskilling? The definition of an ontology For thousands of years, until a few decades ago, the term ‘ontology’ only referred to a rather esoteric field of philosophical inquiry – the study of what is, or the study of what and how things exist. More recently, the term “ontology” has been adopted by information scientists who are concerned with classifying and understanding the things that exist in a certain domain. In fact, this use of the term has gained enough currency to earn a place in our dictionaries. According to Oxford Languages, while ‘ontology’ still refers to the aforementioned branch of philosophy, when we speak of “an ontology”, or “ontologies” in the plural, we are referring to “a set of concepts and categories in a subject area or domain that shows their properties and the relations between them." “For thousands of years, until a few decades ago, the term ‘ontology’ only referred to a rather esoteric field of philosophical inquiry – the study of what is, or the study of what and how things exist.” Thus, we speak of “an ontology” for “a discipline”: anything from Machine Learning to Cat Breeding to Underwater Basket Weaving. Any discipline – also called a ‘domain’ – could have its own ontology. The taxonomy of an ontology Looking closer at the above definition, it becomes clear that we not only use ontologies to answer the question “What information is in this domain?” but also to ask “What are the relationships among the information in this domain?”. Obviously, understanding these relationships requires that we break the information down into smaller units, and classify them. In this we can see that an ontology is really a taxonomy, a comprehensive classification, of the information in a domain. One simple way of imagining an ontology is to think of a tree. A domain is like the trunk of a tree, which then splits into a few subdomains, the largest of the tree’s branches. Next, each subdomain will contain a few topics, the smaller branches, under which there may even be a few sub-topics – the smallest branches of all. For example: in our ontologies here at Workera, we include skills, the equivalent of the leaves on our ontology tree. To illustrate an ontology applied to real life, let’s use the domain ‘Automobile Mechanics’. This domain might be split into several subdomains, such as Diagnostics, Vehicle Components, and Regular Maintenance. Next come the topics – for example, under Regular Maintenance we are likely to find Oil Replenishment, as well as Air Filter, Windshield Wiper, and Tire Replacement. Finally, under the topic Tire Replacement, we will need to include the following skills: Use a Car Jack, Engage the Parking Brake, and Implement a Torque Wrench. Our complete ontology might look something like this: Why ontologies matter Ontologies provide a comprehensive map of the information in a domain, allowing us to visualize and understand a knowledge base, and its related skill set, in its entirety. It is little wonder, then, that ontologies have proven especially helpful for educators. For anyone who wishes to develop a comprehensive course of study and final exam for their students, an ontology is an invaluable resource, allowing the instructor to work systematically through each subdomain, topic, and subtopic in a given domain. By working in an orderly manner, the instructor can be sure that students will walk away having learned all the information in the ontology, and developed every skill they need to apply that information in “the real world." “The last thing a working machine learning engineer needs to do is work point-by-point through an ontology in machine learning engineering – something they're likely to already have mastered.” In the past, working professionals who wished to upskill may have enrolled in just such a comprehensive course in order to encounter a few new concepts and master a few new skills. But that’s the equivalent of a graduate-level student sitting in on a high school or college class. Frankly, in today’s high-paced work environment, no one has time for that kind of inefficiency and redundancy. The last thing a working machine learning engineer needs to do is work point-by-point through an ontology in machine learning engineering. Chances are, if someone is a machine learning engineer already, this approach would entail many precious hours listening to lectures on already mastered material. How upskilling solutions use ontologies Upskilling software allows leaders to identify the most critical portions of an ontology that a learner has yet to master, and then provide a learning pathway to fill in those gaps. In a sense, upskilling solutions enable the leader’s job to sift out all the redundant information a learner might have encountered in a comprehensive course, leaving only the few lectures that the learner would benefit from hearing. At Workera, for example, we carry out this “sifting” process by having our learners take an assessment at the outset (as opposed to a final exam at the end of a course) which enables our algorithm to make inferences about a learner’s skills based on assessment results. After identifying a learner’s areas for growth using data from the short initial assessment, we can generate a learning plan adapted to the needs of the individual. We don’t use ontologies to express what every machine learning engineer ought to know, but rather, to determine what this machine learning engineer has yet to learn. And, as it turns out, that’s a big difference. As a leader, how do you design ontologies to help upskill your team in cutting-edge knowledge? Find out how Workera’s new Skills AI innovation is transforming businesses across the world at workera.ai/skillsAI Understand. Develop. Mobilize Unlock the full potential of your workforce Learn how Workera can power digital transformation and produce measurable results across your enterprise.

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PART 1 OF 5 RULES OF THE ROAD Please continue to the next page to complete your registration. DO NOT log out until you have completed this, thank you. As you make your way through the course you will see this sign: We encourage you to click on it and read the actual Vehicle Code (VC) as listed by the California Department of Motor Vehicles. There are new traffic laws passed almost every year in addition to many changes made to old traffic laws. You will find these laws throughout the reading material as you proceed through the course. However, now, we will briefly discuss the most recent changes to the traffic laws and the reasons behind them. Motorcycle Instruction Permit (VC 12804.9) – This new law requires a person under 21 years of age to complete an approved motorcycle safety course before being issued an instruction permit with which to practice operating a motorcycle, and requires the permit to be held for six months before being issued a class M motorcycle driver license. There are currently more than 6,000 drivers 19 years and younger who are licensed to ride a motorcycle in California. The popularity of motorcycles is attributed to the low initial cost, its use as a pleasure vehicle, the good fuel efficiency, and let’s face it they’re just fun to drive and ride. However, motorcycle fatalities represent approximately five percent of all highway fatalities each year, yet motorcycles represent just two percent of all registered vehicles in the United States. One of the main reasons motorcyclists are killed in collisions is because the motorcycle itself provides virtually no protection in a crash. For example, approximately 80 percent of reported motorcycle crashes result in injury or death; a comparable figure for automobiles is about 20 percent. According to the California Highway Patrol (CHP), traffic collisions are the leading cause of death for teens in America between the ages of 15-20 years old and they are involved in three times as many fatal crashes as all other drivers. Some of the causes that can be attributed to motorcycle crashes are: - lack of basic riding skills - failure to appreciate the inherent operating characteristics - failure to appreciate the limitations of the motorcycle - failure to use special precautions while riding - failure to use defensive driving techniques. - lack of specific braking and cornering skills - failure to follow speed limit The change in this law is to help reduce collisions and save lives. Attending a motorcycle rider training safety course is the best way to learn how to operate a motorcycle safely and skillfully. Rider training safety classes provide unique knowledge and skills that one may not learn if a friend teaches them how to ride. The goal is to arm California’s youth with enough knowledge to make smart driving decisions. High-Occupancy Vehicle Lanes (VC 5205.5 and 21655.9) – Prior law that permitted certain fuel-efficient, low-emission vehicles to display stickers allowing them to be operated in HOV lanes with a single occupant was to expire on January 1, 2011. The new law extended the “sunset” date for the yellow stickers for hybrid vehicles until July 1, 2011; the white stickers issued to fully-electric and compressed natural gas vehicles until January 1, 2015; and created a third sticker, for plug-in hybrid vehicles, to be issued and valid from January 1, 2012 until January 1, 2015. California Senator Leland Yee, said the goal of extending hybrid HOV access for an additional six months was to give California hybrid owners time to purchase the electric cars and plug-in hybrids that were coming to the market. Some legislators opposed the bill, saying that HOV lane access should be strictly preserved to carpools, regardless of the desire to encourage adoption of green car technology. To alleviate concerns about highway congestion from solo green car drivers, SB 353 places a cap of 40,000 on the number of Enhanced AT-PZEV plug-in hybrids that will receive HOV stickers. There is currently no limit set for the number of all-electric, or Zero Emission Vehicles that can receive white HOV access stickers. New Firefighter Endorsement (VC 12804.11) – In an effort to simplify the proper licensing of firefighters while continuing to ensure public safety, this law exempts operators of firefighting vehicles from the Commercial Driver License program and creates a new license endorsement process. This bill addressed a problem that had reportedly grounded many firefighters in rural areas. It removed a bureaucratic barrier at the DMV that made it very difficult for rural fire departments to license their firefighters to drive heavy equipment. There were situations where firefighters could not respond to fires because they were not licensed to drive fire engines. Rural fire departments had to send two firefighters sometimes hundreds of miles on a round trip to a DMV office and take a vital piece of equipment out of service for an entire day just to license one firefighter. This law allows firefighters who already possess a Class C license to earn a "Firefighter Endorsement" that authorizes them to drive fire equipment after completing 30 hours of classroom and behind-the-wheel training under supervision of a qualified fire chief. To complete the process, firefighters will still have to submit to the DMV their health questionnaires and written documentation from the fire chiefs who trained them and pass a written test, but it eliminates the requirement of having an already licensed firefighter to also travel to a distant DMV office. It put too many rural communities at risk to have personnel and equipment taken out of service for an entire day, especially during fire season. NEW LAWS EFFECTIVE AS OF JULY 1 AND BEYOND. Local Traffic Ordinances (VC 21 & 21100) – As of July 1, in an effort of ensuring that traffic convictions are recorded by the Department of Motor Vehicles, local authorities may not enact or enforce a local ordinance on any matter covered by the California Vehicle Code. The intent of this law is to ensure that drivers throughout the state of California will be treated uniformly for moving violations. Motorists statewide would be safer and better protected from unfair ticketing practices for example. Cities are no longer allowed to circumvent existing state law by citing motorists under newly written, local municipal codes. Under this law, this new trend by local governments to write their own vehicle codes to cite motorists for moving violations would stop. Driving Under the Influence (VC 23597) – Effective January 1, 2012, this bill authorizes a court to order a 10-year revocation of the driver license of a person convicted of a third or subsequent DUI violation, with possible reinstatement after five years if specified conditions are met. In 2008, there were 187,987 DUI convictions in California, 9,164 of which were third-time DUI offenders within 10 years. In addition, drunk drivers killed more than 1,000 people in California and injured 28,000 more. This law imposes higher consequences for those drivers in hopes of making motorists think twice about driving while under the influence. CHANGES TO TECHNOLOGY AND DRIVING TECHNIQUES. Everywhere you look and everywhere you go there are cell phones. An increased reliance on cell phones has led to a rise in the number of people who use the devices while driving. Unfortunately, this change in technology can affect our driving techniques negatively. The dangers associated with driving and cell phone use include handling and talking on the phone, text messaging and using the Internet, all of which jeopardize the safety of the vehicle’s occupants, pedestrians and anyone else around. First, drivers must take their eyes off the road and hands off the wheel to manipulate the devices when dialing, texting and surfing the Web. Second, people can become so absorbed in their conversations and other uses that their ability to concentrate on the act of driving is severely impaired. Since the first law was passed in New York in 2001 banning hand-held cell phone use while driving, there has been debate as to the exact nature and degree of hazard. The latest research shows that using a cell phone when driving is just one of many types of distracted driving that may lead to collisions and near collisions. There are a number of states that have a ban on the use of hand-held cell phones while driving and California is definitely one of those states. The law bans all drivers from using handheld cell phones while driving. The law does not affect passengers; they are free to use cell phones while traveling in an automobile. However, the law does apply to anyone driving in California, whether the driver lives in California or not. A driver is allowed to use a hands-free device such as the speakerphone option on the phone (as long as they do not hold the phone), a headset that plugs into their phone or a wireless headset such as a Bluetooth. Although any of these methods are recommended, the theory that hands-free sets are safer has been challenged by the findings of several studies. A study from researchers at the University of Utah, published in the Summer 2006 issue of Human Factors, the quarterly journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, concludes that talking on a cell phone while driving is as dangerous as driving drunk, even if the phone is a hands-free model. An earlier study by researchers at the university found that motorists who talked on hands-free cell phones were 18 percent slower in braking and took 17 percent longer to regain the speed they lost when they braked. A number of cell phone companies are considering developing technology that will prevent people from receiving calls and texting while driving. The technology is intended to limit dangerous distractions by temporarily interrupting service so that people do not answer their phones when they are behind the wheel. One carrier has already introduced a service that automatically disables rings and alerts and sends calls to voice mail when phones are in a moving car. Some safety advocates said that it is unclear whether consumers would avail themselves of the technologies or whether the technologies would be effective. The safest thing to do is to just not use your cell phone at all while driving or pull over to the side of the road safely and stop to use it. We will discuss this matter in further detail later on in the course. REASONS FOR TRAFFIC LAWS. WHAT IS TRAFFIC? The reasons for traffic laws are for the safety of everyone on the road and to keep order and movement in traffic. Traffic on roads may consist of pedestrians, ridden or herded animals, vehicles, streetcars and other conveyances, either singly or together, while using the public way for purposes of travel. Traffic laws are the laws which govern traffic and regulate vehicles, while rules of the road are both the laws and the informal rules that may have developed over time to facilitate the orderly and timely flow of traffic. Organized traffic generally has well-established priorities, lanes, right-of-way, and traffic control at intersections. Traffic is formally organized in many jurisdictions, with marked lanes, junctions, intersections, interchanges, traffic signals, or signs. Traffic is often classified by type: heavy motor vehicle (e.g., car, truck); other vehicle (e.g., moped, bicycle); and pedestrian. Different classes may share speed limits and easement, or may be segregated. Some jurisdictions may have very detailed and complex rules of the road while others rely more on drivers’ common sense and willingness to cooperate. Organization typically produces a better combination of travel safety and efficiency. Events which disrupt the flow and may cause traffic to degenerate into a disorganized mess include: road construction, collisions and debris in the roadway. On particularly busy freeways, a minor disruption may persist in a phenomenon known as traffic waves. A complete breakdown of organization may result in traffic jams and gridlock. When cars became popular, local governments established traffic laws to limit collisions with horse-drawn wagons and ensure safety. The mandatory registration of automobiles was one of the first traffic regulations in the United States. New York became the role model in 1901 by being the first state to require that automobile owners register their vehicles. By 1920, license plates were mandatory in all states. It took longer for the states to require a driver’s license. In 1935, there were just 39 states that issued the licenses and only a few tested applicants. Before the 1930s, most drivers received their training from automobile salesmen, nonprofit organizations such as the YMCA, family members and friends. Soon, however, driver’s education was provided in the high schools. FATHER OF TRAFFIC SAFETY It did not take cars long to clog the streets and cities to begin setting speed limits, installing traffic lights, designing one-way streets and adding parking meters. Yet, it did take drivers longer to start obeying these laws. The book “Rules of the Road” was written by William P. Eno in 1903. Eno, “the father of traffic safety,” introduced many road regulations, such as the need for slow traffic to remain to the right and cars to pass only on the left, as well as one-way streets, crosswalks for pedestrians, stop signs and safety islands. He believed that stoplights would never work and police would always be necessary at intersections. Ironically, he had his chauffeur drive him around. OBEYING TRAFFIC LAWS Traffic laws now make up a major part of most state regulations. Their main purpose is to improve unsafe driving and to provide education to bad drivers. Research shows that most people will obey the traffic laws, even when they hit a red light at 3 a.m. and there is not another car in sight. There is, however, a group of people who constantly get caught for ignoring the laws. Studies show that more people follow the laws when they think that there is a good chance of being caught and less adhere to them when they believe they can get away with it. MOVING AND NON-MOVING VIOLATIONS Since the beginning of traffic laws, drivers have received tickets for “strict liability” offenses. In other words, the person can be found guilty of breaking the law, without any criminal intent to do so. The police only need to prove that the person did not follow the law. Examples of these moving and non-moving strict-liability traffic offenses are: not properly using turn signals, going through a stop sign without making a full stop, driving a car with only one working headlight, speeding, driving too close to another car, not putting enough money in a parking meter and parking in a loading zone. In most cases, except for instances such as driving under the influence and a hit and run, the driver does not have to go to criminal court. Fines can be large, however, for offenses such as speeding, and a driver may lose his or her license after accumulating a number of points for traffic violations. DIFFERENT LAWS PER STATE Because traffic laws are set by the cities and states, they may differ considerably from one state border to another. When renting a car in another state, find out if there are any unique driving regulations. For example, although numerous states have passed a law that mandates wearing seat belts at risk of being ticketed, other states have not been this strict. Seat belt regulations can be divided into primary and secondary categories. The primary rulings allow police officers to ticket drivers and passengers for not wearing seat belts, even if no other traffic law has been broken. States with secondary seat belt laws say that police officers can give tickets for seat belt non-compliance only if the drivers are cited for another offense. Thirty states have primary laws, 19 have secondary laws and New Hampshire has no seat belt law at all for adults, but a primary one for children younger than 18. First of all, to drive safely you must follow many rules and laws. Driving rules tell you where and when you can drive. They are not only for informational purposes, but more importantly, for your safety. Traffic signs can come in all shapes and sizes… Many road signs warn you to slow down or watch for hazards ahead. Most warning signs are yellow and shaped like a diamond. Some common warning signs are shown below. 21462. Obedience to Traffic Control Signals 21461. Obedience by Driver to Official Traffic Control Devices 21454. Lane Use Control Signals Traffic lights, signs, and “right-of-way” rules tell you when to go or stop at an intersection. These are what the colors of traffic lights mean… 21450. Official Traffic Control Signals 21451. Circular Green or Green Arrow If all traffic signal lights are not working because of an electrical power failure, you must stop at the intersection and then proceed when you know other turning and approaching vehicles, bicycles, or pedestrians will also be stopping. A blacked-out traffic signal is the same as a stop sign controlled intersection in all directions. Black and white signs like these tell you what to do. You must obey them. 21455. Signal at Other Places At many traffic signals, you need to push the pedestrian push button (once) to receive the “WALK” or “WALKING PERSON” signal. At a crossing where there are no pedestrian signals, pedestrians must obey the red, yellow, or green signal lights.

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American cities are losing more trees than are being planted. Three reasons are given for this by The Washington Post in a recent article (read here). A study reveals that trees yield $5.82 of benefits for every $1 spent on maintenance, but we're losing them, and fast. The Post blames (1) costs of tree replacement (it's cheaper to let them die), (2) urban growth lacking tree design and space, and (3) insects brought by international trade, such as the ravenous emerald-ash borer. Trees are also pollution and particulate absorbers, so humans suffer more without tree canopies to shade and protect them. However, the "particulates" in question are also the result of heavy aerosol spraying from the geoengineering program of recent years. While "experts" ignore this reality, they do acknowledge that infestations of insects in trees are escalating like never before. Is it "international trade" or is it what simply happens when life forms begin to die: as they weaken, they draw insects and fungi that begin to consume them. It's all part of the trophic chain of life.

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Pure pure cotton sanitary napkin equipment in practice often requires continuous optimization, development and replacement in the process of use. The following is an example of the change and adjustment of the position of the reference point. The zero point of the pure cotton sanitary napkin equipment is set at the factory and is a fixed point that cannot be changed. The reference point is set to find the zero point of the pure cotton sanitary napkin machine during operation. This point is either in the same position as the zero point or offset from the zero point. It is set at the factory. If an alarm condition occurs during operation, the reference point returns abnormally and the correct position cannot be found. This is a fault caused by the coordinate axis being out of position. It can be reset by operating the reset button. In fact, when the pure cotton sanitary napkin machine returns to the reference point, the proximity sensor generates a zero pulse each time the screw is rotated. Therefore, which zero pulse should be used as the reference signal? At the specific position of the coordinate axis, we can install the hardware block and the travel switch as a reference point reduction switch. Since the switch allows for initial positioning, the sensor can detect multiple zero pulse signals by determining the signal to return to the reference point via the deceleration switch. Error compensation technology is commonly used in the application of pure cotton sanitary napkin equipment. Currently, the ability to identify error sources and the ability to compensate for errors after they are generated is mainly used for practical applications. In the processing of pure cotton sanitary napkin equipment, there are many practical influencing factors, including the indoor temperature of the production plant, indoor ambient air quality, installation errors, temperature errors, etc. In the work, the processors gradually realize the space error, high frequency error, etc. In the actual machining process in the workshop, different types of tools and workpieces have relative movements during operation, so dynamic errors are generated, and such dynamic errors should also be compensated in real time. Therefore, in order to improve the machining level, in addition to compensating the basic static error, the dynamic compensation technology should be studied to meet the machining requirements and ensure the product quality. Therefore, for error compensation, the basic idea is to reduce the appearance and dimensional errors of the produced products by displaying the input system, and after input, the electronic control system theoretically calculates and obtains the compensation parameters, and then controls the compensation. Generally speaking, the accuracy of CNC is high, and its error compensation can be divided into two aspects, one is software error compensation, and the other is hardware error compensation. In order to improve the processing accuracy, it should be used for a long time. At present, for the feeding system of pure cotton sanitary napkin equipment, the positioning accuracy should also be studied in depth. The accuracy of the feeding system is related to the whole production process and plays a great role in promoting the overall performance of the improvement. By testing the positioning accuracy of the feeding system, we can get the error source of the feeding system, how to reduce the error, improve the accuracy, and propose error compensation methods to improve the overall work performance. After the error is generated, the error value is analyzed theoretically, and the parameters of each axis of the feed system are repeatedly corrected, and the corrected value should be followed up slightly to improve the positioning accuracy. In recent years, pure cotton sanitary napkin equipment has conducted a lot of research in various error compensation, and has made sufficient progress and development. However, there are still certain gaps in universality, systematization and practicality. In the future, we should explore and study how to establish a comprehensive model of errors, study different types in depth, and establish and develop low-cost error accuracy detection and compensation methods.

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Publicly-funded schools in England get extra funding from the government to help them improve the attainment of their disadvantaged pupils. Evidence shows that pupils from disadvantaged backgrounds: The pupil premium grant is designed to allow schools to help disadvantaged pupils by improving their progress and the exam results they achieve. Schools get pupil premium funding based on the number of pupils they have from the following groups. Free School Meals: Schools get £1,345 for every primary aged pupiil, who claims free school meals, or who has claimed free school meals in the last 6 years. Looked-after and previously looked after children: Schools get £2,345 for every pupil who has left local authority care through adoption, a special guardianship order or child arrangements order. Local authorities get the same amount of money for each child that they are looking after, they must work with the school to decide how the money is used to support the child's oersonal education plan. Service Premium: The Service Premium is not part of the pupil premium as the rules to attract the service premium are different. Schools get £310 for every pupil with a parent who is serving in HM forces or has retired on a pension from the Ministry of Defence. The funding is to help with pastoral support. At Whiteparish All-Saints C of E Primary, our ambition for disadvantaged learners and vulnerable pupils is to ensure high quality education for all by prioritising our funding on strategies that make a difference to those pupils who experience disadvantage. As a whole school team, we are acutely aware of how disadvantage can impact on a pupil’s academic and social development and keep this at the forefront of our practice when meeting the needs of all pupils. We endeavour to use our pupil premium grant to ensure the greatest impact, both academically and socially, on those pupils identified as being disadvantaged and vulnerable. Key principles in the allocation of funding: We will aim to ensure that effective teaching, learning and assessment meets the needs of all pupils through rigorous analysis of data. Class teachers will identify specific intervention and support for individual pupils which will be reviewed at least termly. Alongside academic support, we will ensure that those pupils who have social, emotional and mental health needs will access high quality provision from appropriately trained adults. Steps to Success: Barriers and Challenges:

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The term ‘major incident’ is a broad one and is widely ascribed to any event where there is a loss of life, a serious injury or substantial damage to property or the environment. While carbon dioxide (CO2) incidents are relatively uncommon, especially compared to their carbon monoxide counterparts, they can prove lethal in the wrong circumstances. If you’re a first responder, you have probably undergone training with index cards at some point in your career. This tried-and-tested method helps trainers provide information to downrange operators that should initiate a response or action from those operators. The uncontrolled and unpredictable nature of chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) incidents can place a substantial strain on the psychological and physical health of those tasked with emergency first response. While the importance of wellbeing in the workplace is a subject that has gained increasing momentum in the UK in response to rising mental health issues within the wider labour market, it is only recently that the mental health needs of first responders have started to receive more attention. Resilience and preparedness are at the heart of effective emergency response - and they are qualities that look set to prove increasingly important as the global CBRNe and HazMat community contends with the far-reaching impacts of COVID-19. As the far-reaching impacts of the pandemic dominate the world news, more and more people are being asked to work remotely in an effort to curb the spread of the virus. The National Ambulance Service Command and Control Guidance, published in April 2019, brings together lessons learned from recent major incidents and event responses both from within the UK and around the world, as well as drawing on the experiences of its partners in the Police and Fire and Rescue Service. One of the resounding messages of this document is the vital contribution that command decisions play in enhancing clinical outcomes, increasing survival rates and maintaining first responder safety.

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Rembrandt van Rijn was a Dutch painter and etcher who is widely considered one of the greatest painters and printmakers in European art history. He was born on July 15, 1606, in Leiden, Netherlands, to Harmen Gerritszoon van Rijn and Neeltgen Willemsdochter van Zuytbrouck. Rembrandt's parents were both from prominent families in Leiden, and his father was a miller. As a child, Rembrandt showed an early interest in art and attended Latin school in Leiden. He then went on to study at the University of Leiden for a brief period but left without obtaining a degree to pursue a career in art. He began his artistic training under a local master, Jacob van Swanenburgh, and later studied with Pieter Lastman in Amsterdam. In 1634, Rembrandt married Saskia van Uylenburgh, the cousin of a prominent art dealer in Amsterdam. The couple had four children, but only one, Titus, survived into adulthood. Saskia died in 1642, and Rembrandt later remarried to Hendrickje Stoffels, who was his common-law wife until her death in 1663. Throughout his career, Rembrandt worked in a number of different locations, including Leiden, Amsterdam, and The Hague. He was greatly influenced by the work of Caravaggio and the Utrecht Caravaggists, as well as the Northern Renaissance painters, such as Albrecht Dürer and Lucas van Leyden. Rembrandt's technique was characterized by his use of light and shadow to create dramatic effects and his ability to capture emotion and expression in his subjects. He was also known for his masterful use of etching and was a prolific printmaker throughout his career. Rembrandt's footprint on the art world can be seen in his influence on later artists, particularly the Dutch Masters of the Golden Age. His work has also had a lasting impact on the development of portrait painting and the use of light and shadow in art. Here are five of Rembrandt's most important paintings: The Night Watch (1642): This monumental painting is one of Rembrandt's most famous works and is considered a masterpiece of the Dutch Golden Age. The painting depicts a group of militia members in Amsterdam and is notable for its use of light and shadow to create a sense of movement and drama. The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp (1632): This painting depicts a public dissection of a criminal and is notable for its realism and attention to detail. The painting was commissioned by the Amsterdam Guild of Surgeons and is considered a groundbreaking work in the history of medical art. Self-Portrait with Two Circles (1661): This painting is one of Rembrandt's most famous self-portraits and is notable for its raw emotion and introspection. The painting shows Rembrandt at the height of his career and is considered a masterful example of his use of light and shadow. The Jewish Bride (c. 1665): This painting is considered one of Rembrandt's most beautiful and enigmatic works. The painting depicts an intimate moment between a man and a woman and is notable for its tender emotion and rich color. The Syndics of the Drapers' Guild (1662): This painting depicts a group of textile merchants in Amsterdam and is notable for its attention to detail and realistic portrayal of the figures. The painting is also notable for its use of light and shadow to create a sense of depth and realism.

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Table of Contents Can music cultural appropriation? When an artist tries to profit from the music style without showing respect to the culture, they also demonstrate cultural appropriation, said Gabriella Duran, a freshman global studies and political science major. “Music is an art form, and we can learn so much from it when it’s done correctly,” Duran said. How is war declared? In the United States, Congress, which makes the rules for the military, has the power under the constitution to “declare war”. War declarations have the force of law and are intended to be executed by the President as “commander in chief” of the armed forces. What are examples of cultural appropriation? Examples of Cultural Appropriation - Intellectual property. - Clothing and fashion. - Religious symbols. How do you culturally appreciate? One of the best ways to understand and appreciate another culture is by listening to those who are a part of the fabric of that society. Listen to their stories, understand the implications behind the aspects of their culture that you are interested in, and use that understanding to broaden your worldview. What is a direct appropriation? “Direct Appropriation” is an appropriation made in biennial or annual budget bills and is for a limited period of time, usually within the biennium. “Standing Appropriation” is the authority to spend a pre-determined dollar annual amount for an activity for a specific period of time or indefinitely. (Example: MS 240A. What is artistic appropriation? Appropriation in art and art history refers to the practice of artists using pre-existing objects or images in their art with little transformation of the original. What does appropriation mean in government? appropriation – The provision of funds, through an annual appropriations act or a permanent law, for federal agencies to make payments out of the Treasury for specified purposes. The formal federal spending process consists of two sequential steps: authorization and then appropriation. What is the difference between cultural appreciation and cultural appropriation? First, let’s distinguish the two; appreciation is when someone seeks to understand and learn about another culture in an effort to broaden their perspective and connect with others cross-culturally whereas appropriation is simply taking, adopting or “cherry-picking” one aspect of a culture that is not your own and … Is the president considered a veteran? The US Constitution defines the president as the commander-in-chief of the Army, Navy, and state militias. The VA defines a veteran as person who served in active military, naval, or air service who has been released honorably. By definition doesn’t the president of the United States qualify as a veteran? What means appropriation? Appropriation is when money is set aside money for a specific and particular purpose or purposes. A company or a government appropriates funds in order to delegate cash for the necessities of its business operations. Appropriations for the U.S. federal government are decided by Congress through various committees. Does the President approve the budget? The president submits a budget to Congress by the first Monday in February every year. The budget contains estimates of federal government income and spending for the upcoming fiscal year and also recommends funding levels for the federal government. Is cultural appropriation ethical? Many kinds of cultural appropriation have been morally criticized. Roughly, the claim is that members of some cultures shouldn’t take property, styles, or ideas from other cultures under certain conditions. Which programs get funded the most by the budget? As the chart below shows, three major areas of spending make up the majority of the budget: Social Security: In 2019, 23 percent of the budget, or $1 trillion, paid for Social Security, which provided monthly retirement benefits averaging $1,503 to 45 million retired workers in December 2019. How do you identify cultural appropriation? Other markers of appropriation include presenting elements of a culture in ways that: - give a skewed or inaccurate perspective of that culture. - reinforce stereotypes. - conflict with the intended use of those elements. - take credit or compensation from the original creators. What is the purpose of appropriation? Appropriation accounts show how companies and governments distribute their funds. Companies and governments appropriate funds in order to delegate cash for the necessities of business operations. In general accounting, appropriation accounts are mainly prepared by partnerships and limited liability companies. What is the difference between an authorization and an appropriation? First, authorization bills establish, continue, or modify agencies or programs. Second, appropriations measures may provide spending for the agencies and programs previously authorized. Authorization acts establish, continue, or modify agencies or programs. What is a letter of appropriation? Ask your bank to pay particular bills out of your account (sole name) Use this letter when you need to ask your bank to pay particular bills out of your account from money you have paid in. This is known as exercising your ‘first right of appropriation’. Sign each letter and enclose a copy of your budget if needed. What is a capital appropriation? Appropriation is the process of allocating capital for specific purposes. Companies, governments, and individuals all appropriate capital for specific objectives. The categorical allocation of expenses exemplifies a manufacturing company’s appropriation of capital. What culture does hip hop represent? What are different types of appropriation? There are three types of appropriations bills: regular appropriations bills, continuing resolutions, and supplemental appropriations bills. In any given fiscal year, all three may be used. Is hip hop dancing cultural appropriation? It is not a genre to use as a medium to mimic others’ cultures in exchange for a lack of one’s own. However, hip hop has been susceptible to cultural appropriation which has led to black people being reduced to stereotypical characterizations of their heritage. How are government funds appropriated? How are government funds appropriated? “The President shall submit to the Congress within 30 days from the opening of every regular session, as the basis of the general appropriation bill (GAB), a budget of expenditures and sources of financing including receipts from Page 2 existing and proposed revenue measures.” 5. Who approves the budget of the government? Why does the government prepare a new budget every year? accordance with the Constitution. The Charter requires the President to submit a budget of expenditures and sources of financing within 30 days from the opening of every regular session of Congress. What is an annual appropriation? Appropriation: A law of Congress that provides an agency with budget authority. Annual Appropriations (also called fiscal year or 1-year appropriations) are made for a specified fiscal year and are available for obligation only during the fiscal year for which made. Can a president declare war without Congress? It provides that the president can send the U.S. Armed Forces into action abroad only by declaration of war by Congress, “statutory authorization,” or in case of “a national emergency created by attack upon the United States, its territories or possessions, or its armed forces.” Does the president control the military? In this capacity, the president exercises supreme operational command and control over all military personnel and militia members, and has plenary power to launch, direct and supervise military operations, order or authorize the deployment of troops, unilaterally launch nuclear weapons, and form military policy with …

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Youth Offenders Act The Young Offenders Act 1997 passed through Parliament in June 1997 and becomes effective on 6 April 1998. It is the result of 10 years of trials and reform of the Juvenile Justice System. The Young Offenders Act 1997 changes the way police and the justice system deal with young offenders. It actively seeks to steer young offenders away from the court by directing them to alternative forms of intervention. It provides a new more constructive pro for dealing with young people who break the law. Currently, police have the option to give a warning on the run or a caution. Police can use them but do not have to explain why they did not. Under the Act, police must clearly justify each decision. The Act aims to make young offenders take responsibility for their actions, acknowledge the rights of the victim, avoid the cost and time of a court appearance and most importantly – steer young offenders away from detention. They achieve this by holding a Youth Justice Conference. Conference schemes already exist in Canada, New Zealand and South Africa. The Young Offenders Act 1997 responds to a number of complex and sensitive issues identified by the Government. It aims to: - make young offenders responsible for their actions and to encourage their families and communities to share this responsibility; - strengthen the rights of the victim and repair some of the damage caused by crime; - involve the victims and their families in the conference decision-making process; - make the juvenile justice system more responsive to individual circumstances; - reduce the time and costs involved in the court system; - reduce the human costs of too many young people in detention; - improve public confidence in the juvenile justice system.

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Accounting is an essential component of nearly all businesses and organizations, and becoming a CPA is a good choice for those who are good with numbers and pay close attention to detail. Accounting degrees are offered at all levels from associate to doctorate. An associate degree in accounting prepares individuals for entry-level positions, like bookkeepers or accounting clerks. This degree involves coursework covering the basic principles of accounting and statistics and takes about two years to complete. Courses may include cost accounting, business management, and payroll management. In general, there are no prerequisites for an associate degree in accounting. A bachelor’s degree in accounting takes typically takes four years to complete and provides more in-depth instruction of the field. Students commonly complete courses in statistics, economics, tax planning, business law, accounting theory, and fraud analysis. Students are usually required to complete general education courses prior to admittance to bachelor’s degree programs in accounting. A master’s degree in accounting is an advanced degree that prepares students to work in upper level positions and the programs mainly focus on the fundamental concepts of accounting and effective accounting methods. This degree commonly takes at least one to two years of intensive study and the coursework may include financial accounting, corporate financial reporting, auditing and assurance, business taxation, and financial decision making. An undergraduate degree is needed to gain acceptance into a master’s degree in accounting program and if a student does not have a degree in accounting he or she may need to complete prerequisite courses in basic accounting, statistics, and pre-calculus. A doctorate degree in accounting is an advanced degree that focuses on specialized topics and research in accounting. It requires a master’s degree and at least three to five years accounting experience. The coursework includes doctoral seminars, advanced accounting courses, and quantitative study and statistics. It also requires a dissertation. Doctoral programs typically take four to five years to complete. Steps to Becoming a CPA While there are a variety of accounting degree programs out there, good options are offered by schools that are accredited and have a good ranking from authoritative organizations, such as the U.S. News and World Report. The University of Texas Austin and Southern New Hampshire University are examples of top schools that offer accounting degree programs. The University of Texas offers accounting degree programs at the bachelor’s, master’s, and doctoral levels and the curricula are innovative and feature unique learning experiences. This school is ranked number one by the U.S. News and World Report. Southern New Hampshire University offers a high rated bachelor’s degree in accounting entirely online. The program focuses on equipping students with the necessary in-depth accounting abilities to succeed. In addition to completing an accounting degree, individuals must take an examination to become licensed as a CPA. After Becoming a CPA: Career Options The job outlook for the accounting field is good, with an average growth rate. After passing the examination and becoming a licensed CPA, there are a variety of career opportunities including public accountant, government accountant, forensic accountant, and non-profit accountant. Public accountants work for companies that provide services to an array of clients. These CPAs commonly earn between $47,000 and $75,000 per year. Government accountants work at the local, state, and federal levels and often earn an average of $35,000 to $62,000. Forensic accountants concentrate on providing the necessary information to investigate financial crimes. They commonly act as witnesses in legal proceedings. Forensic accountants earn between $40,000 and $80,000. CPAs who work for non-profit organizations assist in maintaining strict financial budgets. They help with a variety of tasks including fund raising and balancing expenditures. Non-profit accountants earn between $32,000 and $48,000. As you can see, becoming a CPA can lead to a rewarding and lucrative career.

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Charles E. Barber, the sixth Chief Engraver of the United States Mint, set out to design a set of coinage consisting of a new dime, quarter and half dollar. While the coins would ultimately carry his name (“Barber coins”) he decided to invite artists to submit designs for the new pieces. Artists were asked to submit models in low relief for judging. Barber’s guidelines were more stringent than those of previous competitions. He required that each submission feature the lettering to be included on each piece so that he and others could get a sense of the final look of the complete piece. While the competition was open to the public, Andrew Mason, the superintendent of the New York Assay Office, specifically called on ten artists to submit entries. The list included renowned sculptures and painters like Daniel Chester French, remembered for his 1920 statue of President Lincoln, and Kenyon Cox, known for his multi-disciplinary talents ranging from sketch work to poetry. The winner would receive a $500 cash prize. However, soon after initiating the competition problems surfaced. The artists invited to compete responded with a list of amendments to the guidelines. They asked that each artist be paid for their submitted work. They also asked that the work be judged by their peers and that each coin would be designed by a single artist to ensure a consistent style within each piece. Finally, the artists requested more time to complete their work. Officials declined these terms. They cited limited funds explaining that they only had enough money to pay one winner. In the meantime, the judges began receiving entries from the general public. After reviewing each they determined that none were suitable. Officials were disappointed by what they perceived as a lack of artistic talent displayed by the various attempts. Soon after, Barber took it upon himself to complete the design work. Barber turned to French coinage for inspiration. Following these initial designs, Barber and Mint Director Edward O. Leech had several long communications with each other as they contentiously debated the best look for the coins. The final design of each denomination shows the head of Liberty with a crown of olive branches. The reverse side of the quarter shows a heraldic eagle with a scroll inscribed with “E Pluribus Unum.” Gripped in the right claw is an olive branch and in the left is a bundle of thirteen arrows. Upon minting, the designs received mixed reviews. In time, changes were necessary, but not as a response to those who were critical of the design. Instead, the design adjustments were for a more practical reason; people complained that the coins would not stack properly. As a result of the alteration, there is a “Type I” coin and a “Type II” version of the 1892 quarter. In 1900, Barber made additional changes to the quarter resulting in a thinner piece allowing for 21 coins to stack in the space of 20 of the previous version. Barber’s design was used from 1892 to 1916 with the 1901-S quarter remaining a considerable rarity, along with the 1896-S and the 1913-S. Want to read more? Subscribe to the Blanchard Newsletter and get our tales from the vault, our favorite stories from around the world and the latest tangible assets news delivered to your inbox weekly.

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Picture Credit: Amy Shamblen The beauty industry has been dominated by well-known brands such as L'Oréal, Unilever and Estée Lauder who have been the front runners in terms of products that they offer to customers. However, most of these products such as shampoo, cream and other make-up products are made out of chemicals acquired from crude oil. Now times are changing as these massive corporations are being pushed by consumers to find better, healthier, and more sustainable alternative ingredients for these products. The road to sustainability for the industry as already begun. “Cosmetics will lead the environmental transition because it’s the first oil-based sector that will completely get rid of oil” comments Marc Delcourt, co-founder and CEO of Global Bioenergies. The industry is investing heavily on finding more sustainably produced products as consumers raise concern for the impact of such products on human health and the environment. However, it’s important to highlight that the industry is not tightly regulated, with little oversight from any independent bodies. So, it’s not common that producers use words like “green” and “organic” a little too loosely for consumers liking, and ultimately end up tricking consumers into buying products under the perception that they are helping reduce the environmental impact. Michelle Wong, a blogger with a Ph.D. in chemistry comments “There are a lot of brands genuinely trying…And there are lots of brands greenwashing, whether they mean it or not”. Picture Credit: Raphael Lovaski Marc Delcourt and his company Global Bioenergies has come up with a method of creating a key element used in most cosmetic products without the use of crude oil. Isododecane is a critical component in making long lasting makeup and had been traditionally sourced through petrochemicals, but Global Bioenergies has managed to create a renewable, plant based Isododecane. Global Bioenergies teamed up with chemists specialising in cosmetics and L'Oréal to make and test their new products. Their new “Last” lineup consists of liquid eyeshadows, waterproof mascaras and liquid lipsticks which were all 90% plant based with Isododecane, vegetable waxes and oil derivatives as the main ingredients. Even their packaging is sourced from recycled plastics and cardboard. However, Global Bioenergies won’t stop there. Next year they are determined to produce several tons of plant based Isododecane to sell to other businesses and help them become more sustainable. Georgie Eisdell, a Los-Angeles based makeup artist comments “For me, if a clean product has the same performance level as a not-clean product, then it’s a very easy choice. Why wouldn’t you use the cleaner product?”. October 19th 2021 | 01.00 PM

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Have you ever fretted about developing hearing loss because of exposure to loud noise? Whether it’s from your work environment, a live concert, recreational activities, or other circumstances in life — such as accidents — understanding how exposure to loud noise can damage our hearing is essential. This blog post examines the background of this process and explains how long-term exposure to excessive sound levels can cause permanent hearing loss. With an understanding of the mechanism behind noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL), we can ensure that we are taking appropriate steps for prevention and protection. Hearing Loss and Its Causes Hearing loss is a common condition that affects millions of people worldwide. Various factors can cause it, including age, exposure to loud noise, certain medications, and genetic predispositions. Hearing loss can have a significant impact on an individual’s quality of life, affecting their ability to communicate effectively, participate in social activities, and enjoy hobbies and interests. It’s important to understand the various causes of hearing loss and seek professional help if you suspect you or a loved one are experiencing this condition. With the proper diagnosis and treatment, individuals with hearing loss can manage their symptoms and still lead fulfilling lives. How Does Loud Noise Impacts Hearing Loss? Exposure to loud noise can have a significant impact on our hearing ability, causing hearing loss or damage. It’s essential to understand the risks associated with noise exposure, especially for those who work in noisy environments, attend concerts, and sporting events, or use loud machinery or equipment regularly. When the ears are frequently exposed to loud noise, the tiny hair cells in the inner ear can become damaged, resulting in temporary or permanent hearing loss. To prevent hearing damage, it’s important to wear ear protection when working or attending loud events, take frequent breaks from noise exposure, and limit time spent in noisy environments whenever possible. Remember, protecting our hearing is essential for maintaining a high quality of life. What is a Decibel Scale and How Can It Help Me Measure Noise Levels Around Me Understanding the decibel scale can be incredibly helpful in measuring noise levels in your environment. The decibel scale is a logarithmic measurement of sound that ranges from 0 dB (the quietest sound a human can hear) to 194 dB (the loudest sound possible before it becomes painful). By utilizing this scale, you can accurately measure the sound around you and determine if it is at a safe level or potentially harmful to your hearing. With the knowledge of the decibel scale, you can take precautions to protect your hearing and create a safe and comfortable environment for yourself and those around you. Common Sources of Loud Noise Around You In today’s world, noise pollution has become a significant problem that affects our physical and mental health. We often encounter loud noises around us, which may cause discomfort, hearing problems, and even chronic stress. Common sources of loud noise include traffic, construction sites, concerts, and noisy machines in our workplace. Traffic noise, especially during peak hours, can be unbearable in urban areas, often contributing to hearing loss and high blood pressure. Construction sites are another significant source of noise pollution that can last for months, if not years, leaving nearby residents with no respite. Loud music at concerts and events can also contribute to hearing problems if attended regularly or for extended periods. Lastly, noisy machines in the workplace, such as motors, drills, or power tools, can also lead to hearing loss and fatigue over time. Protecting Your Ears From Damage Caused By Loud Noises Protecting our hearing is an essential part of maintaining overall health and well-being. Exposure to loud noises can cause permanent damage to the delicate structures of the ear, leading to hearing loss and other related issues. To safeguard our hearing from such damage, one must take precautionary measures, such as wearing earplugs, limiting exposure to loud noises, and maintaining a safe distance from sources of high-decibel sounds. With the rise of noise pollution in many environments, such as concerts, construction sites, and even our daily commutes, protecting our ears has become more critical. Therefore, it is crucial to take proactive steps to protect our hearing and preserve our quality of life well into the future. Tips for Reducing Exposure to Unnecessary Noises Noise pollution is everywhere, and it can impact our health and well-being significantly. Whether it’s the construction noise outside your window or the constant chatter of coworkers, unnecessary noise can be a significant source of stress and distraction. Fortunately, there are practical steps you can take to reduce your exposure to unwanted noise. One simple tip is to invest in a good pair of noise-cancelling headphones or earplugs. Another is to establish quiet zones in your home or office where you can work without distraction. It’s essential to be mindful of your noise levels, as well as the noise levels of those around you. By taking these simple steps, you can help create a more peaceful and focused environment for yourself and those around you. At Carlisle Hearing Center, we are dedicated to providing quality care toward improving your hearing health and quality of life. Hearing-related issues can often make you feel alone, but with our technologically advanced, affordable hearing aid solutions and top-notch advice, you can confidently live your life, assured that we are always looking out for you and your loved ones! Contact us today to schedule your free hearing test, or visit our website to learn more about our fitting and dispensing hearing aid solutions.

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A fundamental discovery into how the Fischer-Tropsch process works could improve control of both its reaction rate and yield. Researchers at Washington State University (WSU), Pullman, Washington, have discovered the catalytic reaction at the heart of the more than 100-year-old process to convert syngas into hydrocarbons doesn’t have one steady state but rather undergoes self-sustained oscillations between high and low activity states. They also discovered why this happens. “Usually, rate oscillations with large variations in temperature are unwanted in the chemical industry because of safety concerns," said Norbert Kruse, Voiland distinguished professor in WSU’s Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and bioengineering and corresponding author in a recent Science article about the work. Kruse has been working on oscillatory reactions for more than 30 years and says the discovery of the oscillatory behavior with the Fischer-Tropsch reaction was very surprising because the reaction is mechanistically extremely complicated. For the study, the researchers demonstrated the Fischer-Tropsch reaction in a lab using a frequently used cobalt catalyst, conditioned by adding cerium oxide, and then modeled how it worked. Experimental and theoretical oscillations were in agreement over an extended range of reactant pressure ratios, and phase portraits for hydrocarbon production supported a thermokinetic origin of the rate-and-selectivity oscillations. What’s happening is that as the temperature of the reaction goes up due to its heat production, the reactant gases lose contact with the catalyst surface and their reaction slows down, which reduces the temperature. Once the temperature is sufficiently low, the concentration of the reactant gases on the catalyst surface increases and the reaction picks up speed again. Consequently, the temperature increases to close the cycle. According to Kruse, his researchers’ current work focuses on showing that oscillatory behaviors can also be obtained for cobalt-based catalysts using supports/promoters other than cerium oxide. “The goal is to reach a consensus on the mechanistic scenarios governing the Fischer-Tropsch reaction. “This knowledge is indispensable when it comes to designing new process variants of the reaction,” he said. While using oscillatory states to boost selectivities of the Fischer-Tropsch reaction in process applications is still in its infancy, Kruse notes that from the viewpoint of already developed non-linear physics theory, this should be possible. “The Fischer-Tropsch reaction, with its large variety of process variants, would be a marvelous example for passing the test. Other reactions similarly complicated as Fischer-Tropsch might follow and leverage non-linear theory in catalysis science and its applications,” he concluded.

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Most people have heard of seasonal affective disorder, or the winter blues. However, some people experience similar symptoms in warm weather months. Researchers are investigating reverse seasonal affective disorder, or summertime depression, in more detail. New studies in chronobiology suggest that there is a very real biochemical basis for this common health problem. The Link Between Summer and Depression Professor of psychiatry Dr. Alfred Lewy at Oregon Health and Sciences University in Portland, Oregon believes there are two links between summer weather and depression: one is related to humidity and temperature and the other to sunlight levels. This observation is borne out by doctors at Georgetown University Medical School and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine. While many people have observed that they felt more depression in summer months, this was long ignored by researchers until the issue was studied by those who themselves experienced mental anguish as a result of relentless summer sunshine. However, researchers estimate that 4 to 6 percent of the population suffer from reverse seasonal affective disorder. How Can Summer Cause Depression? “I always felt kind of yucky and listless in the summer and full of energy in the winter.” Too much sunshine, according to researchers in circadian biology, may lead to deficits in melatonin. People who need higher levels of dark to produce this hormone, which is essential for quality sleep and good cognitive function, may suffer in the summer when the sunshine lasts until late at night. Melatonin is created and released by the pineal gland when the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus puts out signals in response to a lack of light. However, too much light can prevent the brain from making enough melatonin for healthy sleep patterns, causing a variety of unpleasant symptoms. The symptoms of summer depression extend beyond trouble sleeping. Because melatonin dictates a variety of biochemical processes, these people may suffer from weight loss or gain, anxiety and depression and loss of appetite in addition to the difficulties with sleep. Summertime Routines and Summertime Blues In addition to problems in building high enough melatonin levels to sustain healthy sleep, summer also presents another major challenge to the circadian rhythm: changes in schedules. Building healthy routines is one major approach to treating depression because it helps to normalize neurochemicals such as melatonin and serotonin that support healthy brain chemistry. In summer, children are home from school, vacations are taken, and many people adjust work schedules or take time off to enjoy the warm weather. This can disrupt eating schedules, sleep schedules and other important schedules that help to cue melatonin production in the body. This can create depression and a variety of symptoms. Sunrise: The Cure for Reverse Seasonal Affective Disorder? Several doctors are suggesting that the cure for summertime depression may be simple: watching the sunrise. Most of the hypotheses center on the effect of light on circadian rhythm, or our internal 24-hour clocks. The phase shift hypothesis holds that light and dark cycles fall out of rhythm when day and night are not perfectly attuned to a person’s internal clocks, as is the case in summer when sunrise occurs early and sunset later. Indeed, studies in circadian biology have supported this hypothesis. When people with reverse seasonal affective disorder get up early and expose their face to bright sunrise light, the symptoms of reverse seasonal affective disorder are often reduced or even go away altogether. Morning light shifts the body clock earlier and evening light shifts the body clock later. In a 2006 study, researchers established that a mistimed body clock plays an important role in winter depression, which suggests it may have a role in summertime depression as well. This reverse seasonal affective disorder can be felt by some people like a five-month bout of jet lag. Light therapy at the correct time of day, such as at 5:45 a.m., may reset this circadian rhythm to a healthier rhythm and alleviate many of the symptoms of this disorder. This may put an end to summer depression. In addition, getting up early to see the sunrise may help many people to keep a more stable schedule in the summer. Depression, seasonal affective disorder and other mood disorders can be difficult to treat. However, research in chronobiology is helping doctors to more effectively treat patients with these and other health problems. In many cases, common sense and cost-effective treatments such as watching the sunrise can help people to feel better and enjoy the warm weather months.

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Summer ELA Information These packets are created for students to review English Language Arts (ELA) concepts and reinforce skills learned this year. We encourage students and parents to spend time over the summer thinking and talking about ELA concepts, to help them stay sharp in their ELA skills. We suggest that students set a goal and complete at least 15 days each month. The attached packets consist of 3 calendar pages, one for June, July, and August. Our goal is for our students to love ELA and see it as a part of their daily lives. By having an opportunity to read and write each day during the summer, we hope our students will return with the solid foundation teachers have provided them with from the previous year.

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Basketball Drills - Basic Half-Court Passing DrillsBy Dr. James Gels, From the Coach’s Clipboard Basketball Playbook "Helping coaches coach better..." Passing Drill #1 - One-Ball Rapid Fire Passing DrillHave your players line up facing a solid wall, about two feet from the wall (or a toss-back rebounding device). Each player begins rapid fire passing against the wall, moving back about two feet with each pass until 10 feet away (5th pass). Then he/she starts moving closer to wall by two feet with each pass, until 10 passes are completed. Repeat this 10-pass cycle until each player has made a total 20 passes. Make sure good passing technique is used, and passers step-into the pass. Players might also be able to do this at home. Passing Drill #2 - Two-Ball Rapid Fire Passing DrillUse groups of four or five players. There is one passer about 6 feet away from and facing a line of receivers (the rest of the group). The passer has a ball and so does one of the receivers. On "Go", the passer passes quickly to any receiver, and the receiver who already has a ball passes simultaneously back to the passer. The passes keep going back and forth to any receiver who does not have the ball. Do as many chest passes as you can in 60 seconds and then rotate. Use good passing technique while keeping your eyes focused forward and not directly at the receiver. Have your hands up and ready to receive the pass. Use your peripheral vision to see the incoming pass. Passing Drill #3, Simple Partner Passing and Catching DrillHave each player get a partner, and each pair has a ball, so they can "play catch" with each other. Have the partners separate about 12 - 15 feet (comfortable passing distance), and face each other. Have the players practice each of the three basic passes, starting with the chest pass. Next, work on the bounce pass. Next, work on the two-handed overhead pass or outlet pass. Have the partners move a little farther apart, so that you are working on a longer pass. Players should snap their passes with some arc, but be sure that they are not lobbing their passes too high. The arc should be just enough to get over the extended hands of a defender, but not so high that the pass "floats". This pass can be thrown hard, and is effective as the outlet pass after a rebound, to start the fast break. It is also good for throwing over zone defenses ("skip passes"). To simulate the outlet pass, after receiving the ball, have the passer turn his back to the receiver, then simulate pulling the ball in, pivot, and make the overhead pass. Passing Drill #4 - "Monkey in the Middle"Form groups of three. Each group has a ball. Line up the passers about 15 feet apart (comfortable passing distance). The third man in each group is the "monkey in the middle" and tries to steal or deflect the ball, while the two outside players try to pass to each other. No dribbling is allowed, except for a one-bounce sideways dribble to open a passing lane. No easy lob passes over the defender are permitted. Passers should be in triple-threat position and work on pivoting and ball fakes to clear the passing lane. For example, the passer can fake an overhead pass to get the defender to raise his hands, then make a bounce pass, or "curl" bounce-pass. Rotation:There's a couple ways of doing this. One easy way is to simply change the middle man every minute, when you blow the whistle. Each person takes a turn in the middle. Or, whenever the defender deflects the ball, the passer now becomes the "monkey in the middle". If no deflections in 30 seconds, switch defenders. (1) Defender plays up tight on the passer (Diagram A). After the pass is made, the defender sprints to the receiver and again tries to deflect the pass. The new passer may not pass until the defender is in position and the defender says "go". (2) Defender plays tight on the receiver, trying to deny the pass. The group is confined to a given area on the floor. The receiver must try to get open by V-cutting, back-cutting, making contact with the defender and "bouncing off", etc. Passing Drill #5 - Triangle Passing DrillUse this triangle passing drill for some variety. This drill can be done well by younger players who are not yet adept at full-court drills, such as the weave drill. Use both baskets and divide the squad into two groups. At each basket, create three passing lines about 12 to 15 feet apart. One line is at the top of the key, another in the right short corner area, and a third in the left short corner area. As an option, you can use cones or marks on the floor, so that the lines don't "creep" inward. To run the drill, start with the ball at the top of key (point) and either pass to right or left (can go either direction). The players step out to receive the pass and then pass to the next station in same direction. After making the pass, players sprint to the next line in the same direction as the ball, following their pass - no walking. After a few sequences, change direction and also alternate between chest passes, bounce passes, and overhead passing. This drill goes quickly and keeps them moving, providing a lot of touches in a short amount of time. Make sure correct passing techniques are used, that the players step out to meet the pass, and that the players receive the ball in triple threat position. Passing Drill #6 - Drive and Dish Passing DrillUse three guards and three post players. You can divide your 12-man squad into two groups and use both ends of the court. O1 is at the point. Place two defenders just above the elbows (like against a 2-3 zone). Put a defensive post in the middle of the lane, and two offensive post players half way up the lane on each side. Your point guard (O1), dribble penetrates and splits the two defenders and passes to either post player. The X3 defender tries to deny this pass. The receiving post player can either shoot, make a power move to the hoop, or dish off to the opposite post, who finishes the lay-up. Passing Drill #7 - 2-Man Passing, Find the ReceiverSometimes I see players make a bad pass because they threw the ball before first locating their teammate (especially against a full-court press). Players must learn to see their teammates - look before they pass! With this drill, the passer must first find the receiver before making the pass. Use both baskets. Have a line under each basket. The first player in line (player #1) speed dribbles out to the three-point line, makes a jump stop and a reverse pivot. Meanwhile, the next player in line (player #2) sprints out to either corner and yells "ball, ball, ball" (mix it up so the passer has to look to find the receiver). The passer makes the crisp chest pass to #2, cuts to the hoop, receives the pass back from #2, and finishes the lay-up. #2 rebounds, and now becomes player #1 and dribbles out and repeats the drill. Passing into the Low Post DrillsPassers must learn to read the post defender and make a one-dribble adjustment in order to create a better passing angle. If the post defender is playing on the high side, the perimeter player should take one dribble toward the baseline and feed the post. If the post defender is on the low side, our perimeter player should take one dribble toward the top and feed the post. See Feed the Low Post Drills 3-on-3 Half-Court Passing Drill (Bennett Drill)Bad passing, turnovers a problem? Use this drill. Playing in the half-court, teams go 3-on-3. The offense must make 10 passes without losing the ball, or making a turnover (double-dribble, traveling, etc). Offensive players must pass, cut, dribble, screen, move, maintain spacing, etc. The offense does not shoot or attempt to score, but maintains control of the ball for 10 passes. Rotate offense to defense. If the offense completes 10 passes, they don't have to play defense that rotation. This drill helps teams prone to turnovers and bad-passing. Use this drill every other practice and your team should see it's turnovers/game decrease. Coale Passing DrillHere's a good team passing drill used by Sherri Coale (former University of Oklahoma Head Women's Basketball Coach; back-to-back NCAA Final Four appearances in 2009-2010; 10x Big 12 Championship Coach; Women's Basketball Hall of Fame). Also see the video below. Diagram A shows how the drill is started. Two balls, each top player (O1 and O4) pass to the wings. The wings O2 and O5 first V-cut and receive the pass in triple-treat position. They then make a curl bounce-pass into the low post (diagram B). The post player chins it and then skip-passes to the opposite top player. And from here, the drill constantly repeats, with the pass from top to wing, wing to low post, post to opposite top (diagram C). Player rotation - use two assistants as post defenders. Place extra players at the top spots. After passing to the wing, the top player goes to the wing line. The wing player moves to the low post and the post player moves to the opposite top position. Players just follow their passes to the next spot. Points of emphasis - we want 25 "clean" catches. Wing players must make good sharp V-cuts and catch in triple-threat position. Everything must be game-speed. Wings make a good step-around bounce-pass into the post. Perimeter passers should use this drill to also practice pass-fakes. Receivers should call for the ball. Practice with good habits.

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Concrete Scanning is the process of checking the concrete in a building for cracks or other damage. This is done using specialized equipment that can detect even the smallest cracks. What Is Concrete Scanning? The term "concrete scanning" is used to describe the use of ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and other techniques to survey subterranean structures such as pipelines, water mains, and sewer lines. Concrete scanning can be used to locate potential problems with these underground systems before they cause significant damage or loss of life. Concrete scanning is the use of ground-penetrating radar and other equipment to detect materials or voids within a concrete slab. Concrete scanningis used to inspect concrete slabs or columns prior to drilling or coring in renovations and new construction projects. ACS Underground Solutions' concrete scans are completed using Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) technology for fast and accurate inspections. GPR is safe and non-invasive; using transmitted waves and their reflected signals, we can analyse the subsoil for embedded objects. Concrete scanning is a non-destructive method of concrete evaluation that uses ground-penetrating radar, or GPR, to assess the integrity of the structure in place and locate embedded utilities prior to concrete cutting, coring, drilling, etc. Because GPR uses reflected radio waves, this method of imaging concrete is safe, non-invasive and more effective and versatile than X-rays for concrete assessment of columns, slabs and walls. Concrete Floor Penetrating Radar (also known as Concrete X-Ray) is a form of non-destructive testing that records features and objects within concrete structures. We use the latest technology, developed by the world's leading GPR manufacturer, to locate and record details of ducts and services. Our specialist technicians use a range of antennas that enable us to accurately locate rebar, post-tensioning, ducts and voids within and beneath slabs, as well as detect utilities, subsidence, services, data, stormwater and sewerage to a depth of up to 5m. We also carry out concrete testing. Concrete cutting, hole drilling, demolition of structures and hole drilling are activities that contain a high level of risk. What reinforcement are you cutting into? Are there post-tensioned cables? Is there live energy in that slab you are going to cut? What can be done to minimise this risk? That's our job. A slab scan can provide detailed and accurate information about structural reinforcement, services and ductwork within concrete structures, enabling informed decisions to be made. Slabtec's concrete scanning service is the best way to reduce risk on your site and maximise the safety of personnel, services and structures. Whether it's a small or large construction project, you need to get the best concrete scanning services to minimise risk and scan concrete structures using the best methodologies available. At Slabtec we offer high-quality concrete scanning and GPR concrete scanning services. Our services include destructive testing and extensive use of GPS technology to ensure a quality core examination. Most of the hazards that exist are the result of improper use or transport of the concrete scanner, which an experienced and properly trained technician will ensure are avoided. A concrete scanner is critical to site safety and can locate and identify objects within the concrete. A relatively quick scan of a single house foundation slab on the ground will take much less time and be less costly than a walk-through of a two-storey industrial building with concrete columns, walls and decks that need to be attended to. So, if you are in the construction industry and need concrete scanning, why not contact us? A member of our professional and experienced team will be happy to help. X-ray imaging requires access to both sides of the concrete service, which makes it difficult to use in many circumstances, as well as emitting harmful radiation to operators and the environment. To avoid delays during construction, reduce unforeseen risks and avoid additional costs during construction, schedule a concrete scan. Often, scan results can be quickly and easily exported to a variety of software packages, including Word and CAD, allowing the operator to provide user-friendly and intuitive reports, often containing an accurate representation of what is hidden within the concrete. Ensuring it is safe before cutting, drilling and sawing concrete slabs is a priority for anyone operating in the construction and demolition industry. ACS Underground Solutions provides services in CT, NY, NJ, MA and RI to find hidden objects or abnormalities before drilling or sawing concrete. Slabtec is a team of seasoned professionals with decades of experience in concrete scanning and related repair services to assist you in your construction project. Again, regardless of the methodology selected, scanning is a relatively quick and painless process; a process that generally only requires access to one side of the concrete and often provides real-time in-situ imaging. Prior to drilling, boring or cutting a concrete structure, a concrete scan helps identify the location and depth of embedded objects with high-resolution ground-penetrating radar (GPR). What Are The Benefits Of Concrete Scanning? Concrete scanning is a method of inspection where concrete is analyzed for defects using various types of sensors. The benefits of concrete scanning include: -Less time spent on inspection, as defects can be detected quickly -Reduced need for replacement or repair due to defective concrete -Reduced potential for accidents, as defective areas can be identified before they cause any damage -Increased safety for workers due to the identification of potential hazards What Are The Limitations Of Concrete Scanning? There are a few limitations to concrete scanning that should be considered when using this method of inspection: -The equipment used to perform concrete scanning is expensive, and may not be available in all locations -The sensors used to detect defects can be sensitive, and may not work in all conditions -The method of concrete scanning is not always accurate and may result in the identification of false defects How Is Concrete Scanning Done? Concrete scanning is a process of detecting the presence or absence of objects or materials within a confined space using imaging technology. The technology is based on the principle that when light travels through a medium, its waves are scattered in all directions. This type of scattering can be used to create an image of the inside surface of an object. By using a series of overlapping images, it is possible to create a three-dimensional image of the inside surface. Concrete scanning is commonly used in security applications, such as monitoring the inside surfaces of buildings for unauthorized access or detection of explosives. The technology can also be used to detect objects hidden beneath layers of concrete, such as pipes and cables. What Types Of Equipment Are Used In Concrete Scanning? What is concrete scanning? Concrete scanning is the use of equipment to detect flaws in concrete such as cracks, voids, and lumps. The equipment used in concrete scanning includes lasers, cameras, and sensors. Lasers are used to measure the size and shape of cracks in concrete. Cameras are used to capture images of the surface of the concrete for analysis. Sensors are used to detect any defects or irregularities in the surface of the concrete. The information gathered by the equipment is then used to generate a detailed report that can help identify potential problems with the structural integrity of the concrete. Concrete scanning can help avoid potential accidents and repairs that could result from structural flaws in the structure. Concrete scanning is a process that helps ensure buildings are safe and sound. It provides information about any cracks or other damage in the concrete. This allows professionals to take action before any problems develop into more serious issues.

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Twinkle, twinkle, little ball Sputnik caught the world off guard 44 years ago today Sputnik I - Earth's first artificial satellite - was only a shiny beach-ball-size aluminum sphere with a radio beeper inside, but the entire world was bemused by its presumption. Consternation would be a better term to describe American public reaction. Soviet officials and American science writers had reported that the Soviet Union, as well as the United States, was preparing to launch satellites as part of a global study of Earth and Sun called the International Geophysical Year (IGY). Most Americans discounted the reports or ignored them altogether. After all, launching satellites really is rocket science, and they didn't think the mid-century Soviet Union was any good at it. But in 1957, they watched in jaw-dropping wonder as sunlight glinted off the highly polished beeping sphere. The realization that it took awesome rocket-science capability to launch that taunting beeper hit most Americans with such force that frenzied commentators spoke of a scientific "Pearl Harbor." Contempt for Soviet technology turned to fear. There was talk of American scientific backwardness and of a (nonexistent) military missile gap. Never mind that the US was expected to launch its own satellites. Americans felt thoroughly humiliated when the first US launch attempts failed while the rest of the world cheered Soviet space prowess. Realizing they had an unexpected propaganda coup, the Soviets trumpeted their satellites as evidence of the superiority of their communist system. It's easy to laugh at such silliness now. We know the US recovered its balance and won the race to put humans on the Moon. We know that Russia and the US now are partners in advancing manned space flight and scientific exploration. What may not be widely known is what was going on behind the scenes when Sputnik orbited exactly 44 years ago today. Declassified Russian and American documents and comments by Russian space veterans put that event into a new perspective. They show that American rocket technology was strong and not significantly lagging that of the Soviet Union. The Eisenhower administration knew for a fact that there was no missile gap but couldn't make public the secret intelligence. Moreover, Sputnik helped fulfill one of Dwight Eisenhower's strategic goals. Werhner von Braun and his Army rocket team could have orbited a satellite with one of their missile-launching rockets many months before Sputnik left the pad. But Eisenhower did not want to use military hardware or make a race out of humanity's first step into space. He wanted to establish the principle that near-Earth space - like the high seas - is a common area where satellites of any nation can freely go. The Soviets loudly proclaimed that principle when Sputnik went up. That point established, there could be no objection to orbiting the spy satellites that the United States already had under development. Eisenhower then allowed von Braun to launch the first US IGY satellite, compensating for the early failures of the civilian rocket developed for IGY work. If this information had been available 44 years ago, Americans would not have been so alarmed nor the Soviets so cocky. Paul Dickson skillfully puts the story of Sputnik and its aftermath into this new perspective in his informative and readable book. Readers should be warned that my enthusiasm for the book is fed partly by a sense of vindication. Reporters covering rocketry and space science knew enough to warn that panic over Sputnik was unwarranted. Had we known then what Dickson details now, we could have made a more persuasive case. This is not to say that American science and technology were without problems. Agency rivalry hampered rocket development. Serious underfunding threatened the vitality of basic scientific research. Sputnik shocked the US into getting its act together. Rocket development was re-organized. Science and education suddenly received high priority. A meaningful space program was established. This saga is the core of the book. The author does carry the story forward to show what followed the Sputnik shock - the Moon exploration program and beyond. However, that sketchy account serves mainly to reinforce the book's main point, which is a lesson for our own time. It was a mistake to sell the United States short in October 1957, and it would be a mistake to sell it short in October 2001. Robert C. Cowen writes about science for the Monitor. By Paul Dickson Walker & Co. 272 pp., $28

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Request a Callback Adam is the family member who is 13 years old and suffering from Autism is the key focus to understand the way his needs can be fulfilled on the basis of the current family condition. One of the wider triggers acting for this family member is lack of autonomy in taking decision and executing own task. This is evident as Adam due to his autistic condition do not have effective cognitive ability in analysing complex situation and take his own decision. Thus, the parents of Adam do not allow him to take his own decision and make him dependent on them in making care decision such as the mother decides the way he is to travel to school without asking about his preferences. The children suffering from autism on entering puberty require enhanced attention as they develop confusion and fear with the altering changes in the body and emotions (Muscatello and Corbett, 2018). In case of Adam, it is seen that he is 13 and is going to enter puberty. However, due to the uprising condition in the family, where Rachel is suffering from breast cancer along with trying to cope with her husband’s accidental situation and Alison’s self-harm action that led her to be hospitalised it is seen to led her being anxious and stressed to cope up with the situation. Thus, the emotional condition of Rachel may has acted as a trigger for not being able to holistically care for Adam during puberty which may have led him to develop disturbed mental state as expressed. In the accident, it was seen that Adam faced minor injuries, but experience of the accident acts as emotional trigger for him to remain emotionally confused and fearful of the condition. This is because autistic individuals have ineffective emotional and cognitive stability which leads them unable to easily accept accidental situation and remain fearful of the situation. McConkey, R., Cassin, M.T. and McNaughton, R., 2020. Promoting the Social Inclusion of Children with ASD: A Family-Centred Intervention. Brain Sciences, 10(5), p.318. Muscatello, R.A. and Corbett, B.A., 2018. Comparing the effects of age, pubertal development, and symptom profile on cortisol rhythm in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. Autism Research, 11(1), pp.110-120. Trzmiel, T., Purandare, B., Michalak, M., Zasadzka, E. and Pawlaczyk, M., 2019. Equine assisted activities and therapies in children with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review and a meta-analysis. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 42, pp.104-113. It is observed that students are stressed when completing their research proposal. Now, they are fine as they are aware of the Dissertation Proposal, which provides the best and highest-quality Dissertation Services to the students. All the Literature Review Example and Research Proposal Samples can be accessed by the students quickly at very minimal value. You can place your order and experience amazing services. DISCLAIMER : The research proposal samples uploaded on our website are open for your examination, offering a glimpse into the outstanding work provided by our skilled writers. These samples underscore the notable proficiency and expertise showcased by our team in creating exemplary research proposal examples. Utilise these samples as valuable tools to enhance your understanding and elevate your overall learning experience.

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Worms in dogs are usually caused by the digestion of rotten or contaminated foods. Dogs also become infected with roundworms by eating eggs from contaminated soil or stool, or by eating infected rodents like rat and mice. Hookworms are contracted by ingestion of microscopic larval by mouth or from larval entry through skin, usually on the feet. Once these worms get hooked to the stomach, they will live and reproduce if not properly treated. What are the different types of intestinal worms in dogs? It then will move up into the airway where it is coughed up by the dog and then swallowed again. Then the cycle of this roundworm continues. This worm may cause serious illness in your dog or worst, your puppy. When you feed your dog which is infected with roundworm, you are basically feeding the worm also because it interns feed off the food of it's host. This can lead to diarrhea in your puppy and other ailments which can be fatal to your pup. The Toxascaris leonina do not move around the body of the infected dog and have a far simple and shorter life cycle. Heartgard Plus is a heart worm preventive treatment that also controls and treats various other worm infections. It also treats hookworms and roundworms. Don't wait till it's too late. Well, one has to remember that puppies are born with worms and must be dewormed early. Puppies are much more vulnerable to worms and other illnesses due to low immune systems, they will need to be dewormed much more often than large or adult dogs. Waiting until 6-8 weeks of age to worm puppies and kittens allows them to spread worm eggs that will contaminate the soil and re-infect them. Puppies should be dewormed once every two to three weeks up to age 3 month. After they pass the three month period, deworming should be slown down to to once per month until age of 6 month. Sanitization for Homes From Zoonotic Infection If the home has residents of immune compromised persons, small children or baby. Pets must be dewormed according to schedule to prevent the spread of Zoonotic infection. Zoonotic infections are occur in pets and can be transmitted to people. A zoonotic disease is a disease spread between animals and people. Zoonotic diseases can be caused by viruses, bacteria, parasites, and fungi. People with zoonotic infections can be very sick but for some people, they exhibit no symptoms and do not ever get sick. Symptoms of a Zoonotic infection includes: - muscle aches Revolution is a multi parasitic preventative, which kills fleas, flea eggs, flea larvae, eliminates gastrointestinal worms and prevent heart-worms. It also controls tick and reduces the chances of the occurrence of tick borne diseases. These are the most common signs that your dog has worms. - Pot Belly - Low Energy - Weight Loss - Lost appetite - Dull Coat Clean up feces immediately. Don't let dog poop fester in the ground and lay eggs in and under the dog's feces. Dogs will become reinfected with worm even after a deworm simply because these worm eggs are living in the dog's environment. If you suspect that worms are living in the soil. Dig up and use hot water to pour in the area where you think worms are breeding. Or use bleach to destroy the infected area. Ensure that your puppy or adult dog is not prone to swarms of mosquito bites. Get a good deworming treatment and deworm your large dogs once every three months to prevent infections and reinfection. Get the right worm protection: You can get the right worm protection for your dog to mitigate against becoming infected or simply getting rid of worms in dogs.

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In the world of martial arts, kata competitions hold a significant place. Kata, a set sequence of movements, serves as a representation of traditional techniques and forms. However, beyond the technicalities, the importance of presentation and form in kata competitions cannot be undermined. This introduction explores the role of presentation and form in these competitions, highlighting its impact on judges’ assessments, audience engagement, and the overall effectiveness of the performed kata. The Significance of Presentation in Kata Competitions In the realm of martial arts competitions, kata holds a prominent place as a demonstration of skill, technique, and discipline. Kata, which translates to “form” or “pattern,” is a structured sequence of movements performed with precision and fluidity. While the execution of the techniques is of utmost importance, the presentation aspect cannot be overlooked. The way a kata is presented can greatly enhance or diminish its impact on the judges and spectators. Therefore, presentation holds a significant role in kata competitions, contributing to the overall assessment and appreciation of the performance. Visual Impact and First Impressions When a competitor steps onto the mat to perform their kata, the first few moments are crucial in capturing the attention of the judges and establishing a positive impression. Visual impact plays a vital role in this regard. A well-presented kata immediately catches the eye and commands attention. This visual appeal can be achieved through various aspects, including proper posture, sharp and precise movements, and a commanding presence. The competitor’s demeanor, facial expressions, and overall aura also contribute to the overall presentation, conveying confidence and focus. Expressing the Essence of the Kata Kata is not merely a sequence of movements; it embodies the essence of the martial art style it represents. Through presentation, competitors have the opportunity to express this essence, bringing life and meaning to their performance. The way techniques are executed, the timing and rhythm, and the intensity and focus all contribute to conveying the intended message of the kata. The presentation should reflect the philosophy and principles of the martial art style, allowing the judges and audience to connect with the deeper aspects of the performance. Engaging the Judges and Audience Presentation in kata competitions extends beyond the technical aspects of the performance. It also involves engaging the judges and the audience on an emotional level. A well-presented kata has the power to evoke emotions, captivate the attention, and create a lasting impression. Through their presentation, competitors can convey the intensity, passion, and spirit of their martial art style, leaving a lasting impact on those observing. This engagement enhances the overall experience of the competition and showcases the beauty and artistry of kata. The Role of Form in Kata Competitions While presentation encompasses the overall visual appeal and engagement, form is a fundamental aspect of kata competitions. Form refers to the precise execution of techniques, proper body alignment, and adherence to the prescribed movements of the kata. The significance of form lies in its contribution to the authenticity, accuracy, and technical proficiency of the performance. Accuracy and Authenticity In kata competitions, judges assess the accuracy of the techniques performed and their adherence to the specific requirements of the kata. Form ensures that each movement is executed correctly, maintaining the integrity and authenticity of the kata. Deviating from the prescribed form can result in point deductions and may diminish the overall score. Therefore, competitors must strive for impeccable form to showcase their mastery of the techniques and their respect for the tradition and history of the kata. Form also plays a crucial role in showcasing the technical proficiency of the competitors. Precise execution of techniques, proper stances, and controlled movements demonstrate the mastery of the martial art style and the depth of training. Judges evaluate the competitor’s ability to maintain balance, coordination, and control throughout the performance. Flawless form reflects years of dedicated practice and highlights the competitor’s skill level. In kata competitions, judges rely on their expertise to assess the performance based on a set of criteria. These criteria often include elements such as stance, posture, power, speed, and accuracy. The competitor’s form is evaluated against these criteria, and points are awarded accordingly. A strong focus on form ensures that the performance is evaluated objectively, providing a fair assessment of the competitor’s skill and technique. Striking a Balance: Presentation and Form in Kata Competitions While both presentation and form hold significant importance in kata competitions, striking a balance between the two is key to achieving a successful performance. A well-presented kata with captivating visual appeal can draw the attention of the judges and audience, leaving a lasting impression. However, without proper form, the performance may lack authenticity and technical proficiency, ultimately affecting the overall assessment. Competitors must strive to excel in both presentation and form, as they are intertwined and complement each other. A powerful presentation enhances the impact of the techniques and conveys the essence of the martial art style, while impeccable form showcases the mastery of the techniques and ensures accuracy and authenticity. By focusing on both aspects, competitors can deliver a captivating and technically proficient performance, leaving a lasting impression on the judges and audience. What is kata in martial arts? Kata is a structured sequence of movements that simulates fighting against multiple opponents. It is an essential part of traditional martial arts such as karate, taekwondo, and judo. Kata allows practitioners to practice techniques, stances, and transitions in a prearranged pattern. It serves as a way to refine and perfect movements, develop muscle memory, and demonstrate proficiency in martial arts techniques. How important is presentation and form in kata competitions? Presentation and form are crucial aspects of kata competitions. They play a significant role in determining the overall score and success of a competitor. Judges assess the execution of techniques, stances, and transitions, along with the overall appearance and stage presence of the performer. Clean and precise movements, proper posture, controlled breathing, and focus contribute to excellent presentation and form. These elements demonstrate the practitioner’s mastery of the kata, their attention to detail, and their ability to convey the correct intent and spirit of the martial art style. Why is presentation important in kata competitions? Presentation is vital in kata competitions because it showcases the practitioner’s understanding and connection to the martial art style they are performing. It represents the embodiment of the martial art’s principles, philosophy, and tradition. Excellent presentation captivates the audience and judges, allowing them to appreciate the beauty, grace, and power of the kata. It also reflects the dedication, discipline, and commitment that the competitor has invested in their training. How does form impact the outcome of a kata competition? Form directly affects the outcome of a kata competition as it forms the basis for evaluating the performance. Judges closely observe the practitioner’s execution of techniques, stances, and transitions to determine the accuracy, precision, and quality of their movements. Flawless form significantly improves the chances of receiving higher scores and winning the competition. It demonstrates the practitioner’s technical proficiency, attention to detail, and ability to perform the kata with proper alignment, speed, power, and control. Is presentation more important than form in kata competitions? While both presentation and form are essential in kata competitions, it is challenging to prioritize one over the other. The ideal scenario is to excel in both areas to maximize the overall score and chances of success. Form provides the foundation, ensuring technical accuracy, precision, and proficiency, while presentation complements it by adding dynamics, aesthetics, and the practitioner’s personal interpretation. Excellent presentation can enhance the impact of a kata and leave a lasting impression on the audience and judges. Ultimately, striking a balance between presentation and form is key to achieving the highest scores in kata competitions.

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At EasyTechJunkie, we're committed to delivering accurate, trustworthy information. Our expert-authored content is rigorously fact-checked and sourced from credible authorities. Discover how we uphold the highest standards in providing you with reliable knowledge. A light-emitting diode (LED) backlight combines a liquid crystal display (LCD) with an LED light source to generate color on computer and TV screens. LED backlighting is needed to produce light and color from behind the screen of a device. This technology is able to produce a wide array of colors and comes as either an edge-lit or local-dimming LED backlighting system. The use of LEDs makes it easier for consumers and workers to look at a screen without eyestrain, though eyestrain will still occur if the screen is looked at continuously for several hours. Uniformity of color is easy to maintain when LEDs are new, but LEDs tend to age at different rates, so color may change in one section of the screen. In most screens, backlighting is needed to produce light and color. This simply means there is a light behind the screen, and it is being pushed through the LCD. LCDs cannot produce light, and whatever is producing the light changes the properties of the screen. In LED backlighting, an array of small diodes are used that are either white — really blue with yellow phosphor to create white, because there is no white LED — or Red Green Blue (RGB) LEDs. White is used in cheaper screens, while RGB can produce a higher variety of color. LED backlights are used mostly for smaller screens such as TVs and computers, because LEDs cannot produce the necessary amount of brightness for larger displays. LED backlighting comes in two varieties: edge-lit and local dimming. Edge-lit runs LED strips along the edges of the screen, meaning the light’s glow is directed toward the center of the screen. This is cheaper, but causes black to appear gray. Local dimming uses a grid of LEDs across the entire screen, which means better color control — and black actually appears black. In older screens, especially computers, an incandescent light bulb and filament were used to generate light. This approach lit up the entire screen indiscriminately and made closed sections of the LCD light up anyway, so it caused massive eyestrain for computer users and anyone else looking at a screen. LED backlighting only lights a portion of the screen, making it easier to look at a screen for a prolonged amount of time. This can still cause eyestrain, but the chances are reduced. The problem with LED backlighting is that a large number of different diodes are used at once. Each diode ages at a different rate because of color usage or differing factors during manufacture, so some lights will age quickly, while others will age slowly. This means a section of the screen may appear dimmer because the LEDs there are worn, causing color uniformity to be unstable.

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Survival measures the share of people diagnosed with cancer in a certain year and who are still alive after a certain period of time (usually measured as 1-year and 5-year survival). In Europe, there have been continuous increases in 5-year survival rates for the most common cancer types in all countries. These improvements are driven by a number of factors, including effective prevention and screening programmes as well as advances in diagnostics and surgical techniques. In addition, a recent step-change in treatment (with three distinct periods over the past two decades with particularly high numbers of new treatments being approved) has paved the way for further improvements in cancer outcomes. However, variation in cancer outcomes continue to persist. In colon cancer, for instance, if every European country were to achieve the survival rates of the best performing country – Iceland - then an additional 15,706 people across Europe would survive at least five years following diagnosis. To find out how many additional lives could be saved for each individual country if they were to achieve the colon cancer survival rates of Iceland – hover over the map to access the individual figures. For more information on cancer survival in Europe, you can access the report here. For cancer-specific survival, please click on the cancer-specific icons below. Variation in 5-year cancer survival persists across Europe. Over 30% more people are alive in Sweden five years following a cancer diagnosis when compared to Bulgaria. In 2010–2014, breast cancer 5-year survival ranged from 74% in Lithuania to 89% in Finland, Iceland, and Sweden. Survival rates between different countries are more uniform than in colon cancer, as 16 countries are in the relatively small range of 85% to 89%. There is a clear pattern of higher survival rates in countries with a higher GDP (except Ireland) and lower survival rates in countries with a lower GDP. However, several countries with a lower GDP (Estonia, Latvia, Malta, Portugal, Slovenia) achieved significant improvements between 1995–1999 and 2010–2014. The 5-year age-standardized survival for lung cancer between 2010 and 2014 ranged from 7.7% in Bulgaria and 20.4% in Switzerland. In 2010-2014, colorectal cancer 5-year survival rates ranged from 51% in Croatia to 68% in Belgium and Iceland. There is quite a clear pattern of higher survival rates in countries with higher GDP and lower rates in countries with lower GDP. Noteworthy exceptions to this pattern include the UK, Ireland and Denmark, which recorded lower rates than Slovenia. Between 1995 and 2014, all countries recorded improvements. The biggest improvements were in Slovenia and Latvia (from a relatively low level) and in Germany (from a relatively high level). In 2010-2014, prostate cancer 5-year survival rates ranged from 68.3% in Bulgaria and 94.3% in Lithuania. In 2010-2014, melanoma 5-year survival ranged from 61.2% in Romania to 93.6% in Switzerland. The 5-year age-standardized survival for lymphoid cancers between 2010 and 2014 ranged from 40.4% in Romania and 72% in Switzerland. The 5-year age-standardized survival for ovarian cancer between 2010 and 2014 ranged from 28% in Malta and 46.5% in Sweden. Survival data not available

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St Pancras station is one of the most distinguished railway termini in Europe, and from November 2007 has been the gateway between the railway systems of Great Britain and continental Europe. It was opened in 1868 as the London terminus of the Midland Railway, originally a consortium of provincial railway companies whose hub was at Derby. From 1857 the company’s trains reached London by a route south from Leicester through Bedford to Hitchin, from where they used the tracks of the Great Northern Railway. The 80 km direct route from Bedford to St Pancras was built after frustration over delays to trains caused by the rival company. The platforms are located beneath a 75 m span iron train shed designed by William Henry Barlow (1812-1902) and Rowland Mason Ordish (1824-86). The train shed has been thoroughly restored and since November 2007 has been used by Eurostar trains to and from Brussels and Paris. Trains to and from the East Midlands, following the original routes of the Midland Railway, now use four platforms in an extension beyond the train shed. At the head of the platforms is a building designed by George Gilbert Scott as the Midland Grand Hotel, which opened in 1873 and closed in 1935. It is a spectacular polychrome brick building, whose true qualities have only emerged since a process of cleaning began in the early 1980s. The hotel, after use as offices, has long been empty but is being restored, partly as apartments and partly as a component of a Marriott hotel due to open in 2011.

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Different Types of Flowers in Nigeria Nigeria has several climate zones that range from savannah grasslands and deciduous forests in the central part of the country to tropical rain forests near the coast. With these three climate zones, the flowers of Nigeria are very similar to flowers in other parts of west and central Africa. Several flowers that grow well in Nigeria are well known as indoor tropical plants in the U.S. Many will grow well in warmer parts of the U.S., like Florida and Hawaii. Amaryllis is a tropical and sub-tropical flower that grows from bulbs. In the spring, amaryllis flowers grow on stalks 2 to 3 feet tall. Each stalk supports two or more large, trumpet-shaped flowers. Amaryllis flowers can be white, red, bright pink, orange, light pink, rose and salmon. Amaryllis leaves are 1-1/2 inches wide and up to 18 inches long. Amaryllis grows well in partial sun, and will do well with several hours of direct sun, followed by indirect shade. Amaryllis soil needs to be constantly damp, but not soaking wet. Amaryllis is indigenous to Nigeria. - Nigeria has several climate zones that range from savannah grasslands and deciduous forests in the central part of the country to tropical rain forests near the coast. - Amaryllis is a tropical and sub-tropical flower that grows from bulbs. Calla lilies grow to between 18 and 24 inches tall. Calla lilies grow well in full sun, but can still do well in places that receive about 25 percent shade. Calla lilies are commonly white, but can also flower with pink, red, purple or yellow flowers. Calla lilies flower in late spring or early summer and are often used as cut flowers. Calla lilies are indigenous to Nigeria and neighboring countries. The gloriosa lily is sometimes called flame lily, climbing lily, or glory lily. Indigenous to Nigeria, the petals of these flowers look very much like flames, with curved red and yellow petals. Gloriosa lilies grow from tubers and do best in sunny locations. However, like calla lilies, they can do well in partial shade. Gloriosa lilies need rich, well draining soils and will not do well if the soils are allowed to dry out. - Calla lilies grow to between 18 and 24 inches tall. - Calla lilies are commonly white, but can also flower with pink, red, purple or yellow flowers. Bird of Paradise Although commonly thought of as a native of South Africa, the bird of paradise also grows well in west Africa. The bird of paradise has unusual flowers that look very much like a bird’s head. A bird of paradise plant will grow to between 3 and 5 feet tall. Bird of paradise grows well in most soils, but needs soils that drain well. It does best in full sun, but is tolerant of partial shade. Although he grew up in Latin America, Mr. Ma is a writer based in Denver. He has been writing since 1987 and has written for NPR, AP, Boeing, Ford New Holland, Microsoft, RAHCO International, Umax Data Systems and other manufacturers in Taiwan. He studied creative writing at Mankato State University in Minnesota. He speaks fluent Mandarin Chinese, English and reads Spanish.

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Yosemite National Park is a protected area located in the Sierra Nevada mountain range of California, USA. Established in 1890, it is one of the oldest national parks in the United States and is known for its breathtaking scenery, diverse habitats, and rich cultural history. Yosemite covers an area of over 1,200 square miles and includes several distinct regions, including Yosemite Valley, Tuolumne Meadows, Hetch Hetchy, and the Mariposa Grove of giant sequoias. The park is home to an array of iconic landmarks, including El Capitan, Half Dome, Yosemite Falls, and Glacier Point. Yosemite is also home to a diverse array of flora and fauna, including black bears, mountain lions, deer, and numerous bird species. The park offers many recreational activities such as hiking, camping, rock climbing, and fishing, and provides ample opportunities for visitors to connect with nature and experience its beauty. In addition to its natural beauty, Yosemite has a rich cultural history, with evidence of human habitation in the area dating back thousands of years. Today, the park attracts millions of visitors each year and remains a beloved destination for nature lovers and outdoor enthusiasts. Here’s a suggested itinerary for a five-day trip to Yosemite National Park: - Arrive in Yosemite Valley - Visit Yosemite Falls and hike to the top (7.2 miles round trip, strenuous) - Explore Mariposa Grove, home to hundreds of giant sequoias - Drive to Glacier Point and take in panoramic views of the park - Hike the Four Mile Trail (4.8 miles round trip, strenuous) - Visit the Ansel Adams Gallery to see his famous photographs of Yosemite - Take a scenic drive on Tioga Road to Tuolumne Meadows - Hike to Cathedral Lakes (6 miles round trip, moderate) - Visit Olmsted Point for more breathtaking views - Visit Hetch Hetchy Reservoir, a picturesque lake surrounded by granite cliffs - Hike to Wapama Falls (5 miles round trip, moderate) - Visit the historic park museum at Hetch Hetchy - Take a leisurely hike to Mirror Lake (2 miles round trip, easy) - Visit the Yosemite Valley Visitor Center to learn more about the park’s geology, history, and wildlife - Depart Yosemite Note: This itinerary assumes that you have your own transportation and are in good physical condition for hiking. Make sure to check the park’s website for trail conditions, as some trails may be closed due to weather or other reasons. Related Article about Yosemite National Park: – Crowds in Yosemite Summer 2023

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In rural Rajasthan, India, poverty and vulnerability to climatic changes (drought, famine) are common. Villagers depend on their sacred forests (orans) for wood for fuel and timber, fodder for their animals, water and medicinal plants. However, orans are in decline due to industrial development and changing government laws. We help villagers revive their orans and empower them to manage the forests sustainably. Healthy orans mean less poverty and more livelihood security. For these 10 orans we are raising and planting 100,000 trees and renovating 10 key water harvesting structures. This means there is more food and water for 8,000 humans and 20,000 livestock. Restore "orans" to their pristine, sustainable green environment; develop better management practices of the rural ecosystem; secure the rural livelihood of millions; preserve endemic/endangered species and variety of cultivars found within orans.

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By Juan Medina and Elena Rodriguez Spain’s brown bears, once nearly extinct, stray into the mountain villages in the north of the country so often these days that the regional government of Castile and Leon has set up a patrol for locals to report animals on the prowl. The patrol, which has nine rangers, protects residents and their crops in the mining town of Villablino, in the nearby province of Palencia, and other surrounding areas, aiming to keep the endangered Iberian brown bears safe and healthy and allow humans and animals to coexist. Reuters was granted exclusive access to the patrol over the past three years, accompanying rangers on their nocturnal call outs. Adult bears can weigh as much as 150-250 kg and can measure up to 2 metres. They can live for up to 30 years. Three decades ago there were only 60 bears left in Spain but today their population numbers over 400. The higher number of bears is leading to a greater number of encounters with humans, however. For some, the bears are unwanted intruders, but others welcome them and the increased numbers of tourists they attract. If locals spot a bear they are advised to call the rangers and keep calm. To ease locals’ concerns, the patrol must act fast. As soon as staff receive a call to their 24-hour phone line, they grab their radios, rubber ball shotguns and tracking devices and rush out the door. Their mission is to deter the bears from the villages by firing warning shots, while following a strict protocol. “The increase in the bear population leads to an increase in conflicts (with humans),” said patrol coordinator Daniel Pinto. The bears now approach the villages more often as they struggle to find enough food up in the mountains, he added. Villager Angeles Orallo, 73, is one of those who finds the bears’ presence challenging. “We are older people… the fact that we can’t go out for a quiet walk is sad,” she lamented. She has been struggling to keep the bears out of her vegetable garden. But while some locals feel unsafe and worry about their crops, the patrol is proving a boon for the Iberian brown bear population and is providing an income for locals from tourists who come to the region to spot the bears, still considered endangered, in the Cantabrian mountains. Thanks to more awareness, strong surveillance and compliance with conservation rules, the Iberian brown bear population is growing. Historically, brown bears roamed much of the Iberian peninsula but hunting and loss of habitat had a significant impact on the species. They received protected status in 1973, although hunting was allowed to continue. The patrol also wants to improve understanding of the bears’ behaviour. To that end, a team of veterinarians, biologists and mountain rangers developed in 2021 a new satellite system to monitor the animals, as well as an innovative, remote-controlled cage that can trap the bears without trapping other species. Once caught, the bears are anaesthetised and a GPS collar is placed around their necks to make it easier to locate them in the future. Rangers have so far trapped 12 bears that were then released far from the villages, preventing them from eating crops, and garden fruit and vegetables. Knowing the bears are further away reassures locals they won’t bump into one. “The aim is to seek solutions to the conservation challenges we face with bears, mainly in urban environments,” said David Cubero, coordinator of the brown bear capture and radio-tagging plan. “What we want is to monitor at all times, in real time… to be able to act quickly, always to improve the bears’ coexistence with humans.” FILE PHOTO: People watch the solar eclipse on the lawn of Griffith Observatory in Los Angeles, California, U.S., August 21, 2017. REUTERS/Mario Anzuoni/File Photo By

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Common in oak woodland, woodland and heaths throughout much of the British Isles. In Hampshire and on the Isle of Wight well distributed and reasonably common throughout. Wingspan 14-18 mm. A species associated with deciduous oak woodland, while the very similar A. notana feeds on birch. Fresh males of A. ferrugana can be distinguished by the presence of distinct scale tufts, a feature lacking on A. notana , but otherwise dissection is generally required to fully establish identity. Larva feeds on Oak and Goat Willow, living between leaves spun together with silk.

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Take Charge of Your Health with Preventive Screenings An apple a day may keep the doctor away, but you should make it a point to see your primary care physician (PCP) at least once a year to help manage your overall health. “You may not need a complete head-to-toe physical, but you should touch base with your physician and make a plan to keep you healthy,” says Dr. Anne Dempsey, an internal medicine physician with Kauai Medical Clinic. “These visits are a valuable tool to establish a relationship with a physician and to develop trust and an open line of communication should issues arise in the future,” Dempsey explains. “Should medical problems occur or new symptoms develop, patients are more likely to see a physician whom they know rather than make the effort to establish care with new physician. This is also the time to review and update preventive care issues that are due for that individual patient.” While physical exams are not a one-size-fits-all test, most patients can expect the following during their yearly checkup: - Blood pressure screening – Every three to five years beginning at age 18 through age 40. Annually after age 40. - Pap smears – For women starting at age 21. Every three years for ages 21-29, and every five years for those ages 30-65 if an HPV test is done at the same time. - Chlamydia screening – For sexually active women ages 15-25. - Reproductive health counseling. - Annual mammogram – For women starting at age 40. - Colon cancer screening – For both men and women starting at age 50. - Cholesterol and diabetes screenings – Periodically for both men and women, depending risk factors, starting by age 45 at the latest. Your PCP also will review your immunization records during these visits. “Flu shots are recommended annually, as there is good evidence that they prevent complications of influenza, which include secondary bacterial infections, hospitalizations and even death. Also, flu shots decrease sick time, and thus lost time from work or school,” Dempsey says, noting that there is no standard panel of tests that is applicable to every patient. “It is all dependent on the age of the patient, his or her family history and current medical issues,” Dempsey says. “A good site to check is the United States Preventive Services Task Force,” she advises. “Here, you can download an app, put in your age and health conditions, and find a list of what you might be due to have checked. It is best to go over this list with your primary care physician.” Another helpful website for patients seen at Hawaii Pacific Health’s network of medical centers is MyChart® by Hawaii Pacific Health. Here, patients can have online access to their health records, as well as their family members’ records, and receive reminders of when their next vaccinations are due. “The best prevention is to establish a relationship with a primary care physician who you trust,” Dempsey says. “With all of the research being done in medicine these days, the recommendations for preventive screenings change frequently. Your physician is your best resource for determining the screenings that are right for you.” Published on: April 26, 2017

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There are almost a million species are present on this Earth. There may be an The amount of time any animal lives depends upon its biological clock or the metabolism rate. The slower the metabolism rate is, the higher the life cycle goes. Take plants for example. Some plants can live over 1000 years! But what about animals? Which animal has the longest lifespan in the world? The answer lies in the deepest portion of the sea. The Humpback whale can live for almost 200 years, while the Bowhead whale can do it for 250 years. Even there are Atlantic sponges that can go on 15,000 years. The reason Atlantic Sponge can sustain that long is its extremely slow metabolism rate thanks to extreme cold and dark waters in the deeps. But what if I tell you there is a superior species when the lifespan is in question. Yes, there is. For this animal, 'age' doesn't hold a dime. This animal belongs to the elusive cadre of the 'Undying' or 'Immortal'. This 'legendary' animal is the Turritopsis dohrnii or the Immortal Jellyfish. This fish lives in tropical waters around the world. This jellyfish reproduces just like any other mammal does - sperm and eggs. But recent research in 1993 has shown that at the time of deprivation, physical harm, or at the time of need, "instead of sure death, this species tends to transform all of its existing cells into a younger state," - making them biologically 'Immortal'. As the research further showcases, the jellyfish turns itself into a bloblike cyst, which then develops into a polyp colony, essentially the first stage in jellyfish life. But the most amazing fact about this polyp colony is that it can asexually reproduce hundreds of clones of the original one, kind of like the nine-headed Lernaean Hydra, that mythological legend Hercules once slew.

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I’ll never forget the night I woke up with a throbbing toothache that felt like a tiny hammer was tap-dancing on my nerves. Desperate for relief, I dipped a cotton ball in clove oil, a remedy I’d heard about from a friend. The numbing sensation was a godsend, but it didn’t last long. Turns out, there’s no magic bullet for tooth pain—and that includes the misleading idea Kill Tooth Pain Nerve in 3 Seconds Permanently. If you’re reading this, chances are you’re in a similar boat. Tooth pain is incredibly common, affecting nearly 20% of adults annually. The article will share ways to kill tooth nerve permanently at home, with natural way to kill tooth nerve such as using vanilla extract kill tooth nerve and more. But before you reach for drastic measures, let’s explore what’s really going on and how to find lasting relief. Do Read the People Also Ask (FAQs) about this topic. - it’s not possible to kill tooth pain nerve permanently in 3 seconds. Tooth pain, often caused by dental issues, requires professional diagnosis and treatment. Temporary relief can be achieved with home remedies and over-the-counter medications - Trauma, gum disease, cavities etc. are some of the common factors that cause tooth pain. - Through immediate alleviation techniques, home remedies, and expert dental care, the tooth pain nerve can be killed. - Future tooth pain can be avoided by following preventive steps and being aware of when to see a dentist. Understanding Nerve Tooth Pain Tooth pain, also known as odontalgia, is a distressing sensation that occurs when a tooth or its surrounding tissues are damaged. This discomfort can range from mild to severe and can significantly disrupt daily life. Common causes of tooth pain include gum disease, tooth decay, and root canal infections. - Gum disease: Gum disease is an inflammation of the gums that can lead to tooth loss if left untreated. It often results in tooth pain. Good oral hygiene practices can help prevent gum disease. There are many natural remedies by which you can cure gum disease without a dentist. - Tooth decay: Tooth decay, a bacterial infection that destroys the tooth’s enamel and dentin, is another common cause of tooth pain. Regular dental checkups and cleanings can help prevent tooth decay. - Root canal issues: Root canal issues can also lead to tooth pain. The root canal, which houses the tooth’s nerves and blood vessels, can become infected, causing severe pain. A root canal treatment may be necessary to treat the infection and alleviate the pain. However, there are many natural alternatives for treating root canal treatment. Still, if there is an emergency or your tooth pain nerve is not getting cured using these natural alternatives, it is important to consult a dentist. While there are natural remedies like peppermint tea, garlic, clove oil, and saltwater rinses that can provide temporary relief, they should not replace professional dental care. If you’re experiencing frequent toothaches, it’s crucial to seek professional help. In conclusion, good oral hygiene and professional dental care can help prevent and treat tooth pain caused by gum disease, tooth decay, and root canal problems. Symptoms of Nerve Tooth Pain Nerve tooth pain isn’t a single note, it’s a discordant orchestra of agony. It can be a throbbing drumbeat, a searing trumpet blast, or even a persistent, gnawing ache. The intensity and character can vary from person to person, but some common themes emerge: - Sharp, stabbing pain: Like a tiny ice pick drilling into your tooth, this jolt of pain can make you jump. - Sensitivity to hot or cold temperatures: Hot, cold, even the slightest breeze – your teeth suddenly become divas, throwing tantrums at any hint of temperature change. - Swelling around the tooth: Your tooth may become the star of its own puffy-cheeked drama, a sign of inflammation and underlying trouble. - Pain that comes and goes: Sometimes it’s a constant companion, other times it vanishes only to return with a vengeance, leaving you in a state of nervous anticipation. The Experience of Nerve Tooth Pain Imagine a sudden, sharp stab of pain shooting through your tooth, or a constant throbbing ache that pulsates with every heartbeat. This is the reality of nerve tooth pain. It’s an extremely unpleasant experience that can be as unpredictable as it is intense. The pain may be a constant companion, or it might come and go, appearing at the most inconvenient times. It could be triggered by everyday activities, such as savouring a hot cup of coffee, enjoying a cold ice cream, or even just biting into an apple. The descriptions of the pain vary from person to person – some liken it to a relentless throbbing ache, while others say it feels like a sharp stab that takes their breath away. Impact on Daily Life Nerve tooth pain doesn’t just cause physical discomfort – it can disrupt your entire life. The intensity of the pain can make everyday tasks like eating, sleeping, or even talking a challenge. It can be so overwhelming that it becomes the only thing you can focus on, pushing everything else to the background. The pain can disrupt your daily activities, making it hard to concentrate on work, enjoy time with family, or even get a good night’s sleep. It’s not just a toothache – it’s a significant obstacle that can hinder your quality of life.” Is it Possible to Kill Tooth Pain Nerve Permanently in 3 Seconds? The short answer is no. Tooth pain, often caused by dental issues such as tooth decay, infections, gum disease, or dental trauma, involves complex tissue and nerve structures in the gums and teeth. Instantly and permanently eliminating this pain in just 3 seconds isn’t feasible. To accurately diagnose and treat tooth discomfort, consultation with a dental expert is typically necessary. However, there are natural home remedies that can provide immediate relief. Remedies such as Saltwater Rinse, Clove Oil, Garlic, Peppermint, Ice Pack, Turmeric Paste, Hydrogen Peroxide Rinse, Ginger Root, Vanilla Extract, and Cucumber can offer relief in about 30 to 60 seconds. Some remedies may take 15 to 30 minutes, depending on the type of tooth pain experienced. It’s crucial to remember that without understanding the underlying issue, attempts to kill tooth pain nerve in 3 seconds permanently could lead to severe consequences and tooth damage. If you’re experiencing tooth pain, it’s essential to consult a dentist. They can perform a comprehensive examination, diagnose the problem, and recommend the best course of action. Depending on the severity of the issue, the dentist will identify the source of the pain and suggest appropriate treatments, which may include dental procedures like fillings, root canals, or extractions.” Types of Nerve Tooth Pain Depending on the underlying reason, tooth pain can present itself in a variety of ways and intensities. Following are some typical causes of dental pain: - Sharp, Sudden Pain - Throbbing Pain - Sensitivity to Temperature - Achy or Dull Pain - Pain when Chewing - Radiating Pain - Intermittent Pain - Pressure Pain - Gum pain - Jaw Pain - Sinus-Related Pain Brief details for each cause of dental pain are as follows:- - Sharp, Sudden Pain: When biting down on something hard or eating hot or cold food, this kind of pain is frequently felt. It can be a sign of dental deterioration (dental decay), a loose filling, or a broken tooth. - Throbbing Pain: A serious infection or an abscessed tooth can also cause throbbing tooth pain, which is typically persistent. The pain usually comes in the form of Intensity waves which frequently come and go. - Sensitivity to Temperature: When exposed to hot, cold, sweet, or acidic stimuli, teeth become sensitive. It can be caused due to exposed dentin, receding gums, or enamel erosion. - Achy or Dull Pain: Pain that is dull or aching may be a sign of bruxism (tooth grinding), gum disease, or a low-level infection. It can be uncomfortable, but it’s usually not too serious. - Pain when Chewing: Pain or discomfort experienced during chewing or biting is frequently an indication of a dental issue, such as a broken tooth, decay, or a loose filling. - Radiating Pain: Tooth discomfort can spread to other regions including the jaw, ear, or head. This can happen when there are specific dental issues, including impacted wisdom teeth. - Intermittent Pain: Certain triggers, such as pressure, temperature fluctuations, or sweet foods, might result in intermittent or sporadic dental pain. It might be caused by a developing dental problem. It could be caused by a tooth problem that is developing. - Pressure Pain: Pain that worsens when pressure is applied to the tooth, such as when you tap it with an item or an object, may be a sign that the tooth’s nerve or pulp is in trouble. - Gum pain: In some cases, pain near the gums may be misinterpreted as tooth pain. Gum disease, infection, or inflammation are all possible causes of gum pain. - Jaw Pain: Aches and pains in the jaw region, especially those in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), may occasionally be caused by dental problems which can be misinterpreted as tooth pain. - Sinus-Related Pain: Pain and pressure in the upper teeth caused by sinus infections or sinusitis might be misinterpreted as tooth pain. You should be aware that depending on the underlying reason and individual factors, tooth pain can vary in form and degree. To find the root of the problem and choose the right course of action, a dentist’s accurate diagnosis is essential. It is advised to get dental care right away if you have severe or ongoing tooth pain to address the issue and reduce discomfort. To precisely identify the source of tooth discomfort, dental practitioners can utilize a variety of diagnostic techniques, including X-rays and examinations. Causes of Nerve Tooth Pain Many dental and oral health conditions can lead to tooth pain. Effective therapy depends on determining the root of your tooth pain. Here are a few typical reasons why teeth hurt or what causes tooth pain: - Tooth Decay (Cavities) - Gum (Periodontal) Disease - Dental Abscess - Tooth Fractures or Cracks (Broken or Cracked Teeth) - Tooth Sensitivity - Dental Fillings or Restorations - Dental Pulp Infection - Impacted Wisdom Teeth - Orthodontic Appliances - Teeth Grinding (Bruxism) - Sinus Issues - Teeth Whitening - Injury or Trauma - New tooth emergence (Eruption of New Teeth) - Oral Cancer Details of each cause of tooth pain is provided below:- - Tooth Decay (Cavities): Cavities and tooth decay are two of the most frequent reasons for dental pain (Tooth Pain). Acids created by bacteria that destroy the tooth’s enamel (outside layer) can cause sensitivity and pain, especially when eating hot, cold, sweet, or acidic foods. - Gum (Periodontal) Disease: Gum inflammation and recession can be caused by periodontal (gum) diseases like gingivitis or periodontitis. This could make the tooth’s delicate root surfaces visible, which would be painful, sensitive, and uncomfortable. - Dental Abscess: A dental abscess is an uncomfortable infection that can develop at the tooth root or in the space between the gum and the tooth. If neglected, it frequently produces excruciatingly painful throbbing pain, and swelling, and can result in more significant health problems. - Tooth Fractures or Cracks (Broken or Cracked Teeth): A broken or cracked tooth can hurt suddenly and intensely, especially when biting or chewing. The extent of the fracture determines how painful it is. - Tooth Sensitivity: The dentin, the layer under the enamel, can become sensitive if it is exposed. This can happen as a result of tooth grinding (bruxism), enamel degradation, or gum recession. With sensitivity, eating hot, cold, sweet, or acidic foods might be uncomfortable. - Dental Fillings or Restorations: On occasion, dental fillings or restorations may deteriorate over time by becoming brittle, broken, or damaged. As a result, the person suffering from the filling might need to be fixed or changed, which could be painful or uncomfortable. - Dental Pulp Infection: Deep cavities or trauma that infects or inflames the dental pulp, the tooth’s deepest layer, can cause excruciating tooth pain. In order to solve this problem, root canal therapy is frequently required. - Impacted Wisdom Teeth: Impacted wisdom teeth can cause discomfort, pressure, and even infection since they do not fully erupt through the gums. In such circumstances, surgical removal is frequently advised. - Orthodontic Appliances: As the teeth shift, people using braces or other orthodontic appliances may experience temporary discomfort. Typically, this soreness or pain may be tolerated and is expected throughout orthodontic treatment. - Teeth Grinding (Bruxism): Grinding or clenching the teeth, frequently as you sleep, can cause migraines, dental discomfort, and jaw pain. Changing one’s lifestyle or using dental equipment may help manage bruxism. - Sinus Issues: Especially in the upper teeth, sinus infections or sinusitis can occasionally lead to severe tooth pain. Other sinus-related symptoms frequently coexist with this pain. - Teeth Whitening: Both over-the-counter and professional teeth whitening procedures may cause temporary tooth sensitivity or discomfort. - Injury or Trauma: A hit to the face or other physical injury to the mouth can harm the teeth or the tissues around them, causing tooth discomfort. - New tooth emergence (Eruption of New Teeth): In children and newborns, the emergence of new teeth can result in slight discomfort and irritated gums. - Oral Cancer: Although less frequent, lesions or malignancies (cancer) of the mouth (oral cancer) can cause ongoing oral pain or discomfort. For rapid treatment, early detection is crucial. The presence of tooth discomfort should not be ignored as it is frequently a sign of a dental issue that needs to be examined and treated by a specialist. Ignoring tooth pain can result in more serious problems, so it’s best to see a dentist right away to find out what’s wrong and get the right care. The cause of tooth pain can be correctly determined by a dental professional, who can also advise on the best courses of action for recuperation and pain alleviation. 2 Ways To Kill Tooth Pain Nerve in 3 Seconds Permanently Dealing with tooth pain can be a daunting experience. However, there are various methods available that can help alleviate this discomfort. These methods range from natural home remedies to over-the-counter medications, each offering a unique approach to pain relief. In this section, we will explore these different methods, providing you with a comprehensive guide to managing tooth pain. Remember, while these methods can provide temporary relief, it’s crucial to consult a dental professional for persistent tooth pain Temporarily relieving tooth pain with natural remedies is possible, but a dentist’s diagnosis and treatment of the underlying dental problem are necessary. This section will guide you on how to permanently kill a tooth nerve at home using natural remedies. Following are some all-natural treatments (Natural Home Remedies) for tooth pain: - Saltwater Rinse - Clove Oil - Ice Pack - Turmeric Paste - Hydrogen Peroxide Rinse - Ginger Root - Vanilla Extract Brief Details for each of these natural remedies are as follows:- - Saltwater Rinse: - Mix eight ounces of warm water with half a teaspoon of salt and dissolve it. - Spend 30 seconds gargling with the saltwater mixture while concentrating on the afflicted area. - Then spit it out. You should repeat this numerous times throughout the entire day. Saltwater can assist in destroying bacteria (microorganisms) and reduce inflammation. This could lead to killing a tooth nerve. - Clove Oil: - Put some clove oil on a cotton ball. - For many minutes, gently press the cotton ball against the plagued area. - Eugenol, a natural anaesthetic with antibacterial properties found in clove oil, can temporarily reduce pain. - Make a paste by crushing a clove of garlic. - Apply the paste to the tooth that is damaged. - Natural antibacterial and painkilling qualities exist in garlic. - Peppermint Tea Bags: - After using a peppermint tea bag, allow it to cool. - For a few minutes, apply the tea bag that has cooled to the sore tooth (tooth that is paining). - The numbing and anti-inflammatory properties of peppermint can provide comfort. - Ice Pack: - In a thin cloth, wrap an ice pack or a bag of frozen vegetables. - For 15 minutes, apply it to the outside of your cheek. - Cold can numb the area and assist in reducing inflammation, providing relief. - Turmeric Paste: - To form a thick paste, combine turmeric powder with a small amount of water. - Apply the paste to the area that is damaged, then leave it for some time. - Anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties are present in turmeric. - Hydrogen Peroxide Rinse: - Combine water and 3% hydrogen peroxide in an equal amount. - For 30 seconds, swish the mixture around in your mouth before spitting it out. - After that, rinse your mouth with normal water. - By doing so, you can exterminate microorganisms (kill bacteria) and relieve inflammation. - Ginger Root: - Slice up some fresh ginger root. - On the side of the sore tooth (the tooth side that is hurting), chew it slowly. - Ginger contains anti-inflammatory properties that can help reduce tooth pain. - Vanilla Extract: - A cotton ball should be dipped in a small amount of vanilla extract. - For a short amount of time, place it on the sore tooth (the affected tooth). - Vanilla extract can provide a relaxing or cooling effect to your affected teeth. - Slice a fresh cucumber, then apply a cool slice to the sore spot (the area that is affecting pain). - Cooling and soothing properties are present in cucumber that can ease discomfort (helps you reduce tooth pain) Keep in consideration that these treatments are not a replacement for expert dental care. A cavity, infection, or gum disease are examples of more serious dental problems that might manifest as tooth discomfort and need to be treated by a dentist. Consult a dentist right away if your tooth pain doesn’t go away or gets worse as it could be a sign of a more serious issue, such as the need to kill nerve in tooth. Use of Medication When tooth pain strikes, over-the-counter pain medications can provide temporary relief from tooth nerve pain when used properly. Here’s a look at some common options: - Oral Anesthetic Rinses Brief Details for each of these Use of Medication are as follows:- - NSAIDs (Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs): Medications like Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) or Naproxen (Aleve) work by reducing inflammation that can put pressure on tooth nerves. It’s important to follow dosage instructions carefully to avoid stomach irritation. - Acetaminophen: Drugs like Paracetamol/Acetaminophen (Tylenol) can effectively block nerve pain signals, providing relief. However, they do not reduce inflammation. Always adhere to the directed dosage and avoid exceeding the daily maximum. - Aspirin: As a mild analgesic and anti-inflammatory, Aspirin can temporarily alleviate low to moderate tooth pain. It should not be used by individuals with bleeding disorders. - Lidocaine: Available over-the-counter in gel form, Lidocaine can numb the gums and tooth surface when applied topically, providing temporary relief. However, it does not address the source of the pain. - Oral Anesthetic Rinses: Medicated numbing rinses with Benzocaine can be swished around the mouth to numb tooth pain. These should only be used as a short-term remedy until you can see a dentist. While these oral pain medications can provide temporary relief, they do not address the underlying problem causing the tooth pain. It’s crucial to consult a dentist for a diagnosis and treatment plan for lasting relief. Relying solely on medications without professional dental care is not recommended. Always inform your dentist about any medications you are taking to avoid potential complications. Pros and Cons: Natural Remedies vs. Medications |Pros Vs Cons |– Widely available ingredients – Avoid side effects of medications – Provide temporary numbness and pain relief – Anti-inflammatory properties reduce swelling – Can enhance healing when used alongside dental treatment – Generally more affordable options |– Effectively block pain signals to the brain – Can provide rapid and powerful pain relief – Convenient to take as oral medications – Dosages can be adjusted as needed – Combining drugs with different mechanisms can enhance pain relief |– Do not treat the underlying cause of pain – Results are often mild and temporary – Finding the most effective remedy may require trial and error – Some people may be allergic to certain ingredients – Relying solely on natural remedies can worsen the condition |– Do not address the source of pain – Potential for adverse side effects and reactions – Risk of dependency with stronger opioids – Incorrect use can damage the stomach, liver, kidneys – Using medication without professional treatment can worsen the infection – Finding the most suitable medication may require trial and error Immediate Relief Methods For Nerve Tooth Pain Finding immediate (quick) relief when you are dealing with tooth pain is really important. Here are a few ways to temporarily relieve tooth pain. - Use of Cold Compress - Pain Relievers (over-the-counter painkillers) - Trying out Natural Remedies (Home Remedies) Use of Cold Compress Within 15 minutes, a cold compress can relieve tooth pain. The area may feel numb and the cool temperature may assist in reducing inflammation, offering momentary comfort. Apply a cold compress to the injured region by wrapping a bag of ice or a cold pack in a towel. With 15-minute pauses in between, press the compress against the affected area for 15 minutes at a time. Pain Relievers (over-the-counter painkillers) Ibuprofen and paracetamol are two over-the-counter medications or pain relievers (painkillers) that might temporarily ease tooth pain. These drugs reduce inflammation and stop the brain from receiving pain signals. It’s important to adhere to the suggested dosage and not go over the daily limit. It is advised to seek professional dental care if the pain persists or worsens. It’s important to remember that while these procedures temporarily relieve tooth pain, they don’t deal with the underlying problem. It is advised to get professional dental care to treat the pain’s underlying source and avoid subsequent issues. can we use painkillers as natural remedies for killing tooth pain? Painkillers, especially over-the-counter medicines like acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Advil), are not natural treatments for tooth pain. They are pharmaceuticals that consist of anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving properties. Although using these painkillers can relieve you from tooth pain, they are not included in natural remedies. Natural tooth pain relief often involves the use of ingredients or procedures that are obtained from nature, such as herbal therapies or DIY solutions like warm seawater rinses, clove oil applications, or cold compresses. These herbal treatments may provide tooth pain relief, and they can be combined with medications (painkillers) to provide more effective and long-lasting relief. The underlying reason for the toothache may not be resolved by natural remedies, so it’s important to keep in mind that expert dental care is necessary to identify and resolve the base of the problem. Dental issues shouldn’t be disregarded because, if untreated, they might result in more serious concerns. It is usually preferable to prevent tooth pain rather than try to treat it. To reduce the possibility of tooth pain, the following precautions can be taken: - Good Oral Hygiene - Regular Dental Checkups - Avoid Sugary and Acidic Foods - Wear a Mouthguard - Numb the Area - Home Remedies (Natural Remedies) Good Oral Hygiene To avoid tooth decay and gum disease, it is crucial to practise proper oral hygiene. Plaque and bacteria that might result in tooth pain or even killing tooth nerve can be removed with the help of mouthwash, daily flossing, and twice-day brushing. Regular Dental Checkups The detection and prevention of gum disease and tooth decay are both made possible by regular visits to the dentist. Additionally, before a problem arises, your dentist can spot any potential problems that could cause tooth pain and offer treatment. Avoid Sugary and Acidic Foods Eating sugary and acidic meals can make you more likely to develop gum disease and tooth damage which can potentially kill exposed tooth nerve. Avoiding certain meals and beverages can reduce the likelihood of developing tooth pain. Wear a Mouthguard Injuries to the teeth that can cause tooth pain can be avoided by using a mouthguard when engaging in physical activities like sports. Numb the Area An area that has been numbed might temporarily ease tooth pain. Pain and swelling can be reduced by applying a cold compress or utilizing over-the-counter numbing gels. Home Remedies (Natural Remedies) Some natural therapies can also aid in relieving tooth pain. Pain and inflammation can be reduced by gargling with salt water, applying clove oil to the affected area, and applying garlic paste. Overall, maintaining good oral hygiene, avoiding foods high in sugar and acid, using a mouthguard, and visiting the dentist regularly can all help to prevent tooth pain. Using home treatments and numbing the area can offer temporary relief from tooth pain. When to Consult a Dentist While home remedies and over-the-counter medications can provide temporary relief from tooth pain, they are not a substitute for professional dental care. If you’re experiencing persistent tooth pain, it’s crucial to consult a dentist. A dental professional can perform a comprehensive examination, diagnose the underlying cause of the pain, and recommend an appropriate treatment plan. It’s particularly important to seek prompt dental care if you have a fever, swelling, or severe tooth pain, as these could be signs of a more serious condition. Remember, early intervention can prevent further damage and help preserve your oral health. The presence of tooth pain may indicate a major issue. Even if there are numerous over-the-counter medicines and home therapies, certain medical conditions necessitate dental care. A dentist should be consulted in the following circumstances - Gum Disease - Root Canal A frequent issue that can hurt your teeth is gum disease. If gum disease is left untreated, it can cause infection in the gums and might result in tooth loss. Bad breath, swollen gums, and bleeding gums are all signs of gum disease. Consult a dentist as soon as you can if you think you might have gum disease. They can offer you therapy to stop further harm to your gums and teeth. An infected or damaged tooth can be treated using a dental procedure known as a root canal. The dentist fills the tooth with a particular material after removing the tooth’s infected or broken pulp. Despite being a common dental function, root canals can be uncomfortable and you might even need specialized dental treatment. It may be necessary to get a root canal if you suffer from severe tooth pain. To decide on the best course of action, consult a dentist. In general, it’s essential to see a dentist if you have severe or ongoing tooth pain. They are able to identify the underlying source of your discomfort and treat it to make you feel better. Waiting till your discomfort is intolerable is not advisable. Looking for expert dental care can stop further harm to your teeth and gums and help you maintain good oral health. Dealing with tooth pain can be a daunting experience. While the idea of how to permanently kill a tooth nerve may seem appealing, it’s simply not feasible due to the complex anatomy of our teeth and gums. Professional diagnosis and treatment are essential to safely address the root cause of the pain. There are various methods that can provide temporary relief as you seek dental care. Cold compresses, over-the-counter pain relievers, and natural remedies may offer a brief respite. However, for lasting relief, it’s crucial to consult a dentist. They can identify the source of discomfort through x-rays, exams, and testing, and recommend appropriate treatments to resolve issues like cavities, cracked teeth, abscesses, or gum disease. With proper treatment, tooth pain does not have to be a permanent part of your life. Regular dental checkups, good oral hygiene practices, a healthy diet, and prompt treatment of injuries can help prevent many dental problems and reduce your risk of experiencing painful dental issues. While the notion of rapidly alleviating tooth nerve pain may seem like a dream, in most cases, it’s very treatable with professional care. Don’t endure constant discomfort—seek help to keep your teeth and gums healthy, pain-free, and functioning properly for years to come. And remember, there’s no magic solution to kill tooth pain nerve in 3 seconds permanently at home, but with the right care and treatment, you can manage and even eliminate tooth pain. People Also Ask (FAQs) Q) how to deaden a tooth nerve A) There are several ways to temporarily deaden a tooth nerve at home, including using clove oil, garlic, ice packs, salt water rinses, whiskey, and over-the-counter numbing gels or medicines. However, these methods only provide short-term relief. For permanent tooth nerve relief, you’ll need to see a dentist for procedures like root canals or extractions which remove the nerve entirely. Q) how to kill a tooth nerve A) Killing the tooth nerve requires professional dental work like a root canal or extraction. During these procedures, the dentist drills into the tooth pulp and nerve and then removes it completely. Once the nerve is taken out, you’ll no longer feel any pain or sensitivity from that tooth since the signals can’t fire. Q) how to kill tooth nerve A) Some at-home remedies like clove oil, vanilla extract, and whiskey can temporarily kill tooth nerve pain. But they don’t permanently kill the nerve. For that, you need a root canal or tooth extraction performed by a dentist to fully remove the tooth’s nerve. The procedures stop the nerve from sending pain signals by removing it entirely. Q) what kills tooth nerve A) Root canal treatments and tooth extractions are the only ways to permanently kill a tooth nerve. During these dental procedures, the dentist drills into the tooth pulp, extracts the nerve, and cleans out any infected tissue in the root canal network. This completely removes the nerve so it can no longer transmit pain signals. Q) vanilla extract tooth pain treatment review A) Applying vanilla extract to an aching tooth can provide temporary pain relief because it contains alcohol that numbs nerves. However, it doesn’t kill the tooth nerve. User reviews indicate it works for a short time but the severe pain eventually comes back. For permanent tooth nerve pain relief, dental procedures are needed to fully remove the nerve. Q) How do you stop nerve pain in your tooth ASAP? A) Getting emergency dental treatment is the fastest way to stop tooth nerve pain right away. The dentist will numb the area around the tooth and may start a root canal procedure to remove the inflamed nerve. At home, rinsing with very cold water or numbing gels/medicines might provide temporary relief. Q) What kills the nerve in a tooth? A) The only ways to permanently kill the nerve in a tooth are root canal treatment and tooth extraction performed by a dentist. These procedures remove the tooth’s pulp and nerve completely so it can no longer transmit pain signals. Damaging the nerve won’t kill it, so professional dental work is required. Q) How do you get rid of a toothache in 5 minutes? A) It’s very difficult to permanently get rid of a toothache in just 5 minutes at home. Numbing gels, painkillers like ibuprofen, or cold compresses may temporarily relieve pain in 5 minutes. But for permanent relief, you need to see a dentist for treatment of the tooth’s damaged nerve. Q) Does salt water kill nerve pain? A) Rinsing with warm salt water can help reduce tooth nerve pain temporarily by soothing inflammation. However, it doesn’t kill the nerve or address the underlying cause. For permanent pain relief, you need to see a dentist to remove the tooth’s nerve with a root canal or extraction. Q) Can a painful tooth nerve heal itself? A) Unfortunately, once a tooth nerve becomes damaged or inflamed, it usually won’t heal itself. The severe pain is a signal that the nerve needs professional dental treatment. Left untreated, the pain will likely get worse over time as the nerve becomes more irritated. Q) Why is tooth nerve so painful? A) Exposed tooth nerves cause severe pain because the nerves send signals to the brain that something is wrong. Damage, inflammation, or temperature changes irritate the nerve and trigger pain signals. As the nerve becomes more irritated over time, the signals intensify. Q) How can I heal my tooth nerve naturally? A) There is no way to truly heal a damaged tooth nerve at home. You need professional dental treatment like a root canal or extraction to remove the nerve and stop the pain signals. Some home remedies may temporarily relieve symptoms but won’t treat the underlying problem. Q) What is the best painkiller for a toothache? A) For severe tooth pain, dentists often recommend ibuprofen or prescription-strength painkillers containing hydrocodone or codeine. These medicines can temporarily numb pain while you wait for dental treatment. Just don’t overuse them as they come with risks. Q) Can a tooth survive without a nerve? A) Yes, a tooth can remain healthy and functional even after its nerve is removed with a root canal treatment. The tooth pulp and some nerves are removed, but the surrounding root, tissues, and bone stay intact so the tooth can still anchor into the jaw.

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The Heritage Hemp Trail and the Kentucky Hemp Heritage Alliance (KHHA) would like to make a statement in regard to the recent events that have shed light on the deeply disturbing realities of institutional racism and systemic racial oppression that continues to plague our nation. We are devastated for the families whose loved ones had their lives taken unjustly due to police misconduct. We're aching for black communities and those who feel unsafe because of these horrendous acts and subsequent attacks. We are heartbroken for our country which continues to experience the systemic impact of slavery due to years of suppression and lack of reparation. We support Black Lives Matter and the protests that are taking place around the globe to demand racial equality. We stand in solidarity with you. As preservers and promoters of hemp history, the KHHA recognizes all aspects of the industry's past which are heavily intertwined with slavery and black culture. In his book, "A History of the Hemp Industry in Kentucky," James F. Hopkins even suggests that without hemp, slavery might not have flourished in Kentucky. On the farm, the crops were grown by the enslaved, tended to and harvested by the enslaved, shocked and broken by the enslaved, and in the factories, further processed into rope and bagging by the enslaved. Even after the Civil War until WWII, hemp labor was done primarily by African American males who were well-accustomed to the work. Hemp history is black history. Understanding the past is how we ensure a better future. We talk about this history to acknowledge, empathize, and empower. According to the USDA Agriculture Census, Black farmers make up less than 2 percent of all farmers in the country, owning just 0.4 percent of all U.S. farmland. In Kentucky, Black farmers represent just 1.4% of primary farm operators, accounting for less than 600 of the 76,000+ agricultural operations across the state. Yet, our state and national economy was built on the backs of Black farmers and laborers. The KHHA is committed to sharing hemp history in an effort to educate Americans on the travesties of our past, while inspiring Black Americans to retrace and embrace their agri-cultural roots. We are proud to be partnered with several of our historic affiliates and organizations, such as Black Soil: Our Better Nature, Ashland, The Henry Clay Estate, Hopewell Museum/Historic Paris-Bourbon County, and Farmington Historic Plantation on initiatives which aim to highlight the integral role of African Americans within the hemp industry. Please consider supporting Black Soil: Our Better Nature whose mission is to reconnect black Kentuckians to their legacy and heritage in agriculture. Black [hemp] History Program at the Hopewell Museum in Paris, Kentucky hosted by the KHHA on February 16, 2020.

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The world is facing an increasing number of humanitarian crises due to conflicts or natural disasters. In 2015 alone, the sum invested in humanitarian assistance at global level reached a total of 28 billion US dollars (Synthesis of the Consultation Process for the World Humanitarian Summit, Executive summary p. 2). However, the needs are growing faster than the means available to meet them. Humanitarian aid professionals are therefore under pressure to evolve their practices. They must be more effective, more transparent, and put affected populations at the center of solutions more than ever. The World Humanitarian Summit of 2016 recommends that “crisis-affected people should have a greater voice in humanitarian action, including better structures for communication and feedback” (Synthesis of the Consultation Process for the World Humanitarian Summit). To implement this recommendation, humanitarian actors must be able to address credible media with a strong local presence. Indeed, in humanitarian crisis contexts, information is itself a necessity for affected populations. Through reliable and real-time information made accessible to the masses, the media facilitates the response of humanitarian actors to other essential needs such as food distribution, health care, protection measures, and reconstruction of social ties. Professional media deal with major security incidents, providing fact-checking to defuse rumors and calm the atmosphere. They inform about the development of the general situation and the possibilities of moving to safe zones. The media can also contribute to the reorganization of everyday life, the provision of public services, and call for expertise. They alert the local authorities, follow up on their initiatives and those of the international community. They participate in rebuilding the social bond, and play the role of companion against feelings of isolation. They release the ability to speak of traumas and facilitate the expression of solidarity. In the contexts of humanitarian crises, Fondation Hirondelle’s activity revolves around two central elements: - Media as a response to the need for public information: We produce and broadcast public service messages to affected populations in local languages on topics such as food, health, displacement of populations, security, humanitarian law and human rights. - Media as a response to the need for broad-based information and dialogue: Factual, reliable, and general interest information is essential in humanitarian crisis contexts. It enables affected populations to better understand the context in which they live, to combat rumors and to reinforce their resilience. Interactive media programs that promote dialogue and give voice to the affected population, enabling them to put their distress and needs into words. These programs help to respond to psychological distress and reduce suffering. They also promote the flow of bottom-up information by giving the people concerned a voice on how humanitarian aid is provided, strengthening their participation. Fondation Hirondelle creates or supports media that embody humanitarian values, particularly those of humanity, impartiality, and independence. These values are embedded in our charters and codes. We implement them by adapting our informative approaches according to the most urgent needs of the affected populations. We practice grassroots journalism based on verification of information, diversity of sources, a strict distinction between facts and comments. Our inclusive dialogue programs are governed by strict rules on speaking time and representing diverse viewpoints to ensure balance and impartiality. Fondation Hirondelle has more than 20 years of media experience in conflict, post-conflict, or humanitarian crisis situations such as the ones in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Central African Republic, Mali and, in the past, South Sudan, Liberia, and Kosovo. We assess the media environment and the information needs of local populations. Based on these assessments, we can deploy multimedia capabilities from a local level to a global level, through the support or creation of radios, production studios linked to our partner radio or TV networks, dedicated websites, and management of associated social networks. For example, in the Central African Republic, a country with recurrent crises, we have for 17 years been supporting Radio Ndeke Luka (RNL), a mainstream radio promoting dialogue, serving the public and considered the country’s media of reference. Radio Ndeke Luka is an independent radio covering the whole of the Central African territory 24 hours a day, live on FM in the major urban centers, shortwave for two hours a day, and via the Canal Satellite Afrique packages. RNL also relies on a community radio network that rebroadcasts its programs for one hour a day. In addition, RNL has a unique capacity to inform on-line about events in the country, and to promote humanitarian actions in CAR. Its programs are available in French and Sango. Results / Outcomes - The needs of affected populations are better taken into account by authorities and humanitarian actors; - The messages of humanitarian aid actors are better taken into account by the population through media channels in which they trust; - Spaces are created for dialogue between humanitarian actors and representatives of affected populations on the adequacy of responses and strengthening the participation of local actors.

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The origins began on a cold, rainy evening in Geneva while Mary Shelley, her not yet husband Percy Shelley, Lord Byron, and John Polidori sat around a fire sharing old German ghost stories. As a dare, the four writers embarked on a journey of self-discovery to create the most horrifying story that their minds could imagine. And so, in 1816 Mary Shelley began her work that would one day be known to all the world. The book “Frankenstein” was first published in 1818 as an anonymous author, it wouldn’t be for another 5 years that Mary Shelley’s name would be associated with the work. A new discovery about the creative mind behind the monster was revealed when Shelley revised the preface in the third edition published in 1831 to add how the idea had come to her. It was a dream. A terrifyingly haunting dream where she said she saw a pale student kneeling beside an invention he created, and stretched out in front of the student was a “hideous phantom of a man” who showed signs of life. There has been debate whether Shelley fabricated the story in order to generate sales but there is a ring of truth to the dream as it related directly to what the 4 writers would discuss over that fire in Geneva. During the early part of the nineteenth century there was a large serge in the interests of the sciences through new developments and inventions, thanks to the industrial revolution. The group would discuss a new and interesting development in biology called Galvanism where the scientist Luigi Galvani tested the effects of electricity on animals that resulted in the reanimation of the muscles within the animals, rats specifically. With the discussions ranging from philosophy, anatomy, religion, biology and a variety of other subjects, it would be of no surprise that Shelley would dream of the image she saw in her sleep. The dream became a reality when in 1818 the book, which appeared over the course of 3 volumes, was printed at 500 copies. While her success was not immediate, as she only made 41 pounds, 13 shillings, and 6 pence, it would be after Shelley’s death that Frankenstein would become a household name. More specifically, it would be the silver screen that brought the monster to life. The most common misconception about the story of Frankenstein is that he is the monster, which is of no wonder considering most of the movies made were about the monster and not the doctor. Dr. Victor Frankenstein was the mad genius who created the monster whom we know so well today. Unfortunately, with movie titles such as “Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein”, “Bride of Frankenstein”, or “Frankenstein Meets the Wolfman”, it is plain to see that Hollywood saw Frankenstein as the monster. Sadly, Mary Shelley did not see any of this success during her life. Fifty-nine years after Mary’s death in 1851 would see the first real explosion of her masterpiece when “Frankenstein” became a major motion picture, if you consider a 16 minute long silent film major. The movie that was released in 1910 sparked a new generation of those intrigued by Victor and his monster that would start a new fascination to last for decades. This Frankenstein movement is still going strong today with the most recent film having been released this year aptly named “Frankenstein”. The end of the intrigue behind the man and his monster may never stop as history has proven that mixing both science and horror together creates the perfect villain who is both fiction and inside all of us at the same time. This combination has been repeated and used successfully in stories ever since. Mary’s did not enjoy an easy life, especially after her husband, Percy Bysshe Shelley, died on December 30, 1822. His death left Mary to care for herself and their son with only a small income provided by Percy’s father until her son came of age to inherit Percy’s fortune and title in 1844. At 53 years old, after several years of battling illness which caused her health to severely deteriorate, Mary died on February 1, 1851. The physician attending to Mary had suspected that the cause of death had been a brain tumor, which explained her frequent headaches and recurring partial paralysis that would come and go, part of the battles she experienced prior to death. What was found after her burial at St. Peter’s Church, Bournemouth seemed to be something straight out of a book as opposed to actual events. While searching her home, Mary’s family opened up the desk that Mary wrote at to find the locks of her dead children’s hair, along with a poem written by her husband which had been wrapped around a piece of silk containing Percy’s ashes, as well as the remains of his heart. While this is a romantic notion of how Mary kept her husband’s heart close to her, the story has never been confirmed as fact or fiction but he was supposedly buried with his son in 1889. Another part of Percy’s story that sounds more fiction than fact is that he was cremated after his death. Once his ashes were gathered, it was discovered that his heart didn’t burn at all, it was completely in tact and it was a friend of Percy’s who took the heart and gave it to Mary to keep. A rational explanation to the probable cause of this occurrence was given in 1955 after The Journal of the History of Medicine published an article suggesting that it may have been that Percy had a heart that was calcifying, which would cause the heart to react to flame the same as bone.

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Write a composition entitled How to Deal with Depression.You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chiness. How to Deal with Depression In recent years,with the increasingly fierce competition,more and more people are bearing great pressure from study,work and life.Under great pressure,many people begin to become sad,hopeless and finally suffer from depression. Depression has brought great bad influence on one's study,work and life.In fact,depression affects not only one's mind but also his body. Those with severe depression even are unable to continue their work or carry out normal activities.The symptoms mainly include feelings of sadness,hopelessness,not wanting food and trouble sleeping. Besides, depression is linked to many other diseases,like heart disease.What's worse,depression is one ofthe main courses of people's suicide. Considering the bad effects of depression,it must be taken more seriously.For those patients with depression,first of all, it is important to accept treatment timely instead of covering or ignoring the disease. Besides,people should learn to release pressure and keep a pleasant mood.ActuaUy,the best treatment is a combination of medication and psychological help.Only in this way can people reduce the chance of suffering from depression or get rid of it. In recent years 近几年; 最近几年中

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What Is A Voided Biaxial Slab? Properties Of Voided Biaxial Slabs What Is A Voided Biaxial Slab? Voided biaxial slabs, also known as biaxial slabs or voided slabs, are a type of concrete slab that has air-filled voids in order to reduce the amount of concrete needed and decrease the environmental impact of construction. These voids also make the slab lighter allowing for up to 50% of the slab volume to be removed. This not only lowers the load on structural members but also allows for increased weight or span due to the reduced self-weight of the slab. One of the main problems with traditional solid slabs is their weight, which can cause strain on the slab itself and also put a lot of pressure on the building and its foundation. To address this issue, voided slab systems have been developed which include engineered voids within the solid slab structure. These voids help to reduce the overall weight of the slab system. Voided slab systems offer the potential to reduce costs and environmental impact while still maintaining the structural performance of the building. Void formers are used to create the voids within the slab which helps to remove excess concrete and reduce the weight of the slab. This also increases the structural capacity and span length of the slab. How Does Voided Biaxial Slabs Works? A voided slab is a type of concrete slab that contains air-filled voids, or empty spaces, within it. These voids are created by using rigid materials, such as plastic or recycled materials, called void formers. The void formers are placed in a grid pattern using temporary supports and steel mesh to create an optimal geometric balance between the voids, concrete, and reinforcement. The resulting array of hollow boxes within the slab supports the flat surface and helps transfer the load to the vertical members, making it a biaxial slab. There are several types of void formers that can be used in the construction of a voided slab, including Bubble Deck, Cobiax, U-Boot Beton, Bee Plate System, and Airdeck. These systems differ in the shape and material of the void formers, as well as the span limit of the slab. The use of void formers significantly reduces the weight of the slab. Properties Of Voided Biaxial Slabs Voided biaxial slabs have several properties that influence their performance. These properties include shear strength, bending strength, deflection, and punching shear. The shear strength of voided slabs is typically lower than that of solid slabs, with the effective mass of the concrete typically being 72-91% of the shear capacity of a solid deck. Bending stress in voided slabs is typically 6.43% lower than in solid slabs. Deflection in voided slabs is typically 5.88% higher than in solid slabs due to the lower stiffness of the hollow portion. Punching shear is a particular concern in voided slabs due to their reduced weight. If the applied shear is greater than the capacity of the voided slab, voids may need to be omitted in certain areas and the design recalculated for a solid section. If the required shear value is still not met, additional shear reinforcement may be necessary. Advantages Of Voided Biaxial Slabs? Voided slabs are a type of concrete slab that have hollow spaces, or “voids,” within them. There are several advantages to using voided slabs in building construction: - Weight reduction: The presence of voids in the slab allows for a lighter overall structure, which can result in longer spans, lighter foundations, and smaller columns. - Design freedom: The voided slab system allows for more open floor plans with fewer columns and beams, giving architects more flexibility in the design process. - Reduced material and cost: The voided slab system uses less concrete and steel reinforcement, leading to savings in materials and cost. - Simplified formwork: The elimination of beams in the voided slab system simplifies the formwork process, saving time and improving project schedules. - Sustainability: The void formers used in voided concrete slab construction are often made of recycled materials, which can contribute towards LEED certification. - Life-cycle benefits: The flexibility of voided slab construction allows buildings to adapt to changing demands and extend their useful life. Additionally, the structural depth of voided concrete slabs can be reduced through the use of post-tensioning systems. Applications Of Voided Biaxial Slabs Concrete slabs with a large thickness are in high demand due to the need for sound and vibration resistance in buildings with a growing number of occupants. However, these thick slabs also increase the dead weight of the building, requiring larger foundations and columns, and using more concrete and steel reinforcement. An alternative to traditional solid concrete slabs is the voided slab system, which reduces the weight of the slab without sacrificing structural strength, and allows for the design of a thicker slab that can support a greater load over a longer span. Additionally, traditional slabs have a limited span due to their high density but the use of voided slabs can help overcome this limitation by requiring less reinforcement. In conclusion, voids in biaxial slabs are an important element of modern building construction. They can offer increased strength and flexibility to the structure, while reducing cost and labor by using less material. Voided biaxial slabs also have a stronger bond than traditional pre-stressed concrete structures. With the proper design, these slabs can provide a strong yet economical foundation for any structure.

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The Power of Visual Communication Communication, as we all know is the exchange of information, thoughts, ideas and emotion. There are two types of communication, the verbal communication and nonverbal communication. Under nonverbal communication is visual communication which is said to be as the most powerful tool to inform and present information to people. It is very efficient when it comes to informing, educating and persuading a person. This has been proven by Dr. Albert Mehrabian, a psychologist who demonstrated that 93% of communication is nonverbal. Also, the 3M Corporation concluded in their research that an individual can process visuals 60,000 times faster than text. Using visual materials is a very important method of communication that we have available as human beings. Why Visual Communication Has Better Impact? The use of visuals continues to grow. Statistics also show that by 2018, 84% of all marketing communication is going to be visually presented. There are a number of reasons why visual communication is known for having the better impact to a person’s senses. Let us get into a human’s brain. A human brain can decipher image elements simultaneously. It enables us to relay messages faster which means it saves us time. Verbal communication involves language which is decoded in a linear, sequential manner. And because of that, receiving the message takes more time to process. Communication is a broad subject matter. Many people think that they have reached the depth of its meaning. But the truth is, not yet. Communication is a word that we hear daily, but it is something that we never get to understand it real meaning. There are numerous aspects involved which are needed in this one single process. And to be able to get the right comprehension, a continuous learning process can be very helpful. Communication is not constant. One clear proof is the textual ubiquity which is brand new. Millions of years have passed by and the evolution of things reached the edge of communication. Today, people are more genetically wired to respond interestingly to visuals than texts. For example, we would all agree that a picture is worth a thousand words. It is because our own imagery or perception of things though what we see visually has grown exponentially. A person would always want to communicate his messages effectively. And since there is a higher average number of interactions today, an individual can easily evoke an instant sense of well-being and contentment. More Helpful Information on Visual Communication According to a media theorist John Berger, in his book ‘Ways of Seeing’ (Penguin Books, 1972), he stated that “Seeing comes before words. The child looks and recognizes before it can speak.”. It goes just like the same with what Dr. Lynell Burmark, Ph.D. Associate at the Thornburg Center for Professional Development and writer of several books and papers on visual literacy, said, “…unless our words, concepts, ideas are hooked onto an image, they will go in one ear, sail through the brain, and go out the other ear. Words are processed by our short-term memory where we can only retain about 7 bits of information (plus or minus 2). This is why, by the way, that we have 7-digit phone numbers. Images, on the other hand, go directly into long-term memory where they are indelibly etched.” Therefore people think using pictures. It is easier for a person to understand what a circle is, if the circle is being shown as an image rather than being explained. Using visuals when trying to communicate is more effective than using texts. There is a difference when it comes to human perception. An individual can easily understand what he is receiving by looking at clear images. Aside from effective and efficient means of sending and communicating data, visual materials can emotionally affect an individual as well. Research results show that exposure to the color red can heighten our pulse and breathing rates. Take for example, this image below. Upon looking at the sample image, how did you feel? How fast was that feeling got into your senses? So now you are thinking that seeing such image can promptly give you a strong emotional response or in other words, you are easily affected by it. If the image sample will be described using text or words verbally, the reaction would be different. In return, the mental digestion of the information is not as fast as how a clear image gets into your mind you. This fact was proven by J. Francis Davis, an adult educator and media education specialist. This is what he said, “…in our culture pictures have become tools used to elicit specific and planned emotional reactions in the people who see them.” Therefore visuals, aside from being excellent communicators, it can also affect a person psychologically and physiologically in fast time. Don Norman, author of Emotional Design, said in a Discover magazine article, “Beauty and the Beastly PC: The Graphics on Your Computer Screen Can Affect the Way You Feel—and Think,” “I started out as an engineer, and I thought that what was really important was that something worked. Appearance—how could that matter? And yet for some reason, I would still buy attractive things, even if they didn’t work as well as the less attractive ones. This puzzled me. In the last two years, I’ve finally come to understand that it’s a result of the extremely tight coupling between emotion and cognition. Emotion is about judging the world, and cognition is about understanding. They can’t be separated.” Visuals can be very persuasive as well. One clear proof is that we often hear people saying, “I didn’t believe it until I saw it.” and “seeing is believing”. The Stanford Persuasive Technology Lab asked 2,440 participants how they evaluated the credibility of Web sites they were shown. Almost half (46.1%) said that the Web site’s design look was the number one criterion for discerning the credibility of the presented material. The following are some of the captured participant comments: “This site is more credible. I find it to be much more professional looking.” -M, 38, Washington “More pleasing graphics, higher-quality look and feel …” -F, 52, Tennessee “Just looks more credible.” -M, 24, New Jersey “I know this is superficial, but the first thing that struck me is the color difference. The … site is a soothing green (sort of like money) while the [other] site is a jarring purple.” -M, 56, Virginia More and more in today’s ever changing, highly visual world, success becomes much easier to achieve. Another example to be cited is when it talks about promoting a company’s brand. Through visual communication, a company’s brand or message is conveyed to the viewer and establishes an emotional connection to the company. This makes the audience connects to the company internally without hassle and stressful activities. Once the visual communication rules of a strong brand strategy have been established, success is almost there. It is never hard to accomplice something with the power of visual communication. Allen Ginsberg, poet and author, stated, “Whoever controls the media—the images—controls the culture.” Yes, you read it right. As early as the late nineteenth century, advertisers were convinced that illustrations sold goods faster that goods with merely texts on them. There were clear proofs of World War II propaganda posters that were effectively manipulating popular opinion. We must realize that seeing the situation is very different from reading or just hearing about it. Again, this fact has been proven way back many years ago when the Sunday New York Times was published, “Good as a Gun: When Cameras Define a War,”. In this book, readers were greatly influenced with the images that photojournalists captured. In 1986, a 3M-sponsored study at the University of Minnesota School of Management found that presenters who use visual aids are 43% more effective in persuading audience members to take a desired course of action than presenters who don’t use visuals. There was an experiment that took place. Its goal was to persuade undergraduates to commit their time and money to attending time management seminars. There were many presenters who participated and they have various skill levels. That time, researchers were able to prove that average presenters who used visual aids were as effective as more advanced presenters using no visuals. The audience were also seen expecting the advanced presenters to include professional, quality visuals in their presentation. Will you do the same if you are the presenter? Visual communication is a very broad category that tracing its history become difficult for experts to tell. Although there was an evidence found that suggest the oldest form of communication, there were no exact answers of when this visual communication started. But there were clear indications that visual communication was already preferred by early people when it comes to sending messages and data. For example, in regions around the world there are cave paintings from thousands of years ago. Cave paintings were drawn or etched into cave walls and ceilings. It is a primitive form of visual communication. Textual communication is new because it has been with us in one form or another for only 3,700 years. Today, because of the innovation in technology, graphic communication became more ubiquitous. It can easily affect us both cognitively and emotionally: 1) Cognitively: Graphics expedite and increase our level of communication. They increase comprehension, recollection, and retention. Visual clues help us decode text and attract attention to information or direct attention increasing the likelihood that the audience will remember. 2) Emotionally: Pictures enhance or affect emotions and attitudes. Graphics engage our imagination and heighten our creative thinking by stimulating other areas of our brain. It is no secret that emotions influence decision-making: “(Emotions) play an essential role in decision making, perception, learning, and more … they influence the very mechanisms of rational thinking.” Larry Tracy, who now trains corporate executives to make oral presentations for government contracts, headed the Pentagon’s top briefing team and worked for years with the Department of State. He was aware that graphics were so influential in the government’s decision to purchase goods and services that bad buying decisions were made based on the quality of the visuals in the presented materials. Today, businesses spent millions of dollars just to find the perfect imagery to sell a product, service or idea. The promotion of a brand depends on how the graphic is well created. And this has brought huge advantage to people who are skilled in such a talent of creating visual and graphic materials. People are becoming more and more dependent on what they see, than what they hear or feel. The strong effect of visual perception is there. And as the technology continues to evolve at this very present time, the discoveries of greater imageries continue. The combination of graphics and words has a communicative power that can easily persuade someone who has a fix mind and behavior. But communication is still best with graphics and words. Without graphics, an idea may be lost in a sea of words. Without words, a graphic may be lost to ambiguity. The perfect idea is to build using both communication materials together. Language is a strong word. It is very powerful that it can affect people’s lives, it can affect how the world evolves in totality. People should learn how to value it more and make greater discoveries on how language and communication can make things turn better. Since there is greater information today, the ability to take all the messages is vital. It is what each of us need to internally contemplate. There should be proper means of communication to ensure that this privilege is not being abused. Language will continue to grow but the means of communication may die if people will not exert effort to saving it from fading. Language is priceless but it can have its barrier. Each and every person must be involved in keeping the means of communication open. There are many ways. What we need is the action.

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Butterflies and Buddleias Buddleias (Buddleia) or buddlejas are commonly referred to as Butterfly Bushes due to their attractiveness to butterflies. The first variety of buddleia, Buddleia americana, was sent to England from the Caribbean in 1730. There are around 100 species and almost all of them are shrubs around sixteen feet tall. A few species qualify as trees with the largest ones reaching more than ninety feet. There are both deciduous and evergreen varieties, but all have leaves arranged in opposite pairs that are up to twelve inches long. The flowers grow in panicles from four to twenty inches. Individual flowers are small and tube-shaped with the corolla divided into four spreading petals. The flowers come in a variety of colors from shades of white, pink, and red to oranges and yellows. They are usually strongly scented due to being rich in nectar. Plants in the buddleia genus are native to the southern United States down to Chile and also Africa and Asia. Since their introduction to Europe in the late 18th century, buddleias have become common garden shrubs and are staples to a modern butterfly garden. Some South American species have longer red flowers that are pollinated by humming birds. The most popular species is probably the Summer Lilac (Buddleia davidii) or Orange Eye, which originated in central China. It has an arching habit and grows to fifteen feet in height. The blooms are scented like honey and range from light purple to darker purple. It has become an invasive species in a number of countries and is considered a weed in Oregon and Washington. The Orange Ball Buddleia (Buddleia globosa) is another popular variety, native to Chile and Argentina. It is larger than the Summer Lilac and has deep-yellow to orange flowers, which are also heavily scented. It is relatively frost-hardy and is not invasive. In folk medicine, the Orange Ball Buddleia has healing properties. Another notable species is the Fountain Butterfly Bush (Buddleia alternifolia), which is a weeping variety. It originated in China like the Summer Lilac, but it was not introduced to Europe or North America until 1915 and since then it has become very popular in large gardens. When it is not flowering, it resembled a weeping willow due to its long pendulous stems. The flowers are a bright lavender and in very dense clusters. It flowers throughout summer and is very hardy, but prefers a sunny position and loamy soil. Unfortunately, it is less fragrant than the previously mentioned species. In the wild, buddleias grow in rocky ravines, so they do not tolerate soils that retains too much water, especially in winter. They perform best in alkaline soil, but most varieties are otherwise very hardy. Faded flowers need to be deadheaded and they do need pruning, particularly the taller species. Pruning should occur in late-spring and never in the fall. They can be propagated from cuttings. The cuttings should be taken at the end of spring when the soft stems begin to harden. Seek out the newest looking shoots of about six inches in length and trim below the leaf node then snip the top. Insert the cuttings into a horticultural sand and compost mixture for the best results. They root quickly and then can be transplanted. The majority of buddleia varieties are most suited for USDA zones 5 through 10.

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Bicycle rental schemes save lives by increasing physical activity levels among city dwellers and should be expanded across Britain's cities, according to research in the British Medical Journal. A study of the Barcelona equivalent of London's "Boris bikes" found that short, regular cycle rides by users have reduced the number of annual deaths – despite the increased risk from accidents and exposure to air pollution. The increase in cycling also reduced greenhouse gases as fewer people travelled by car, the study found. Low-price urban bike rental schemes are increasingly popular in countries as far-flung as France, China and Canada. The trend has largely been motivated by a desire to reduce traffic congestion. The Spanish study analysed the health impact of the Barcelona scheme by comparing cycling with driving. It found that 12 deaths were avoided every year as a result of the benefits of increased physical activity, which decreases the risk of obesity, stroke and heart disease. Barcelona was one of the first cities to introduce the scheme, in 2007, and has more than 180,000 regular users. In London, there are 128,000 registered users of the scheme, who on average cycle for 16 minutes per weekday journey. The main motivations are speed, exercise and saving money, according to research by Nicolina van der Merwe at the Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford. Her research suggests people have taken up cycling in London in place of the Tube and bus, rather than cars. The Barcelona study is the first to demonstrate the positive health benefits to individuals as the result of a cycling scheme. It adds support to a 2009 Lancet analysis which found the potential for huge public-health benefits if more people walked and cycled to get around cities instead of driving. Dr James Woodcock, from the UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research, who conducted the Lancet study, said: "Short, regular cycling trips provide health benefits to individuals and society, so people should be encouraged to get out of cabs and cars." Join our commenting forum Join thought-provoking conversations, follow other Independent readers and see their replies

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Dispatching Crisis Workers When 911 is called the police often become the default first responders to the scene. These calls include people experiencing a mental health crisis. Although the intentions of the police may vary, for individuals such as Daniel Prude and Patrick Warren Sr., calling 911 led to further tragedy. They are only two out of the 6,000 individuals that were fatally shot in the six years of 2015 to 2021 after police responded to a mental health crisis or an erratic behavior call. A person who calls 911 when facing a mental health crisis is more likely to face jail time than getting proper mental health aid. This has unfortunately turned jails into behavioral health facilities for many while not receiving much assistance. While police are equipped to do their jobs they do not have much training in the area of mental health. Advocates across America have urged states to have an alternative service that responds to mental health-related 911 calls in place of the police. While cities look to move toward this proposal many take inspiration from Eugene, Oregon, and its Crisis Assistance Helping Out on the Streets (CAHOOTS) program. The town of Eugene, Oregon took initiative and started the CAHOOTS program in 1989. When 911 is called relating to a mental health crisis CAHOOTS sends out a unit equipped with a Paramedic, EMT, or Nurse and a crisis worker. This unit can go out and provide basic care, crisis intervention, referrals, and more. Eugene’s CAHOOTS program is funded with two million dollars annually. But in return, this program has saved the city of Eugene an estimated 22 million in ambulance and emergency room costs, and public safety costs. In 2019 alone, CAHOOTS responded to around 17,700 calls while only calling for police backup 311 times. Denver, Colorado has become another state to incorporate this type of system into its EMS. They started the Support Team Assisted Response (STAR) program in 2020. This program sends healthcare workers to mental health crises along with cases of homelessness and substance use. In 11 months alone STAR responded to 1,323 calls without requesting police backup a single time. Health care workers, EMS workers, and even the Denver Police Chief have accredited this program to a decreased number of mental health-related tragedies and said that this program “saves lives”. A consultant with Eugene's CAHOOTS program, Time Black, realizes that in their predominantly white city more people have a better relationship with the police and are more likely to call the police when facing a mental health crisis in the first place. So in an area such as Harlem, New York where only 9.5% of the population is white not only does the city face the obstacles of starting the program but they also face the issue of getting people to trust and call them when needed. In 2020, Harlem, New York started a similar pilot program and officially started Behavioral Health Emergency Assistance Response Division (B-HEARD) program in July 2021. In the first month alone they faced 110 calls, 95% of which their three-person teams successfully helped. However, New York as a whole faces an estimated 170,000 calls annually related to mental health crises or erratic behavior but the city suspects that the number of people who face such events is much higher. As B-HEARD became more known throughout Harlem, the city kept seeing an increase in the number of calls they would get. Chirlane McCray, who is the leader of this initiative announced at a program, "This is the first time in our history that health professionals will be the default responders to mental health emergencies, an approach that is more compassionate and effective for better long-term outcomes”. As these programs become more common, more calls in addition to mental health-related calls are being added to their list. In July of 2020, Portland, Oregon started its system slightly based on Eugene's CAHOOTS program. They respond to mental health-related calls, suicide prevention, grief and loss, housing crises, and substance abuse issues. Commissioner Chloe Eudaly stated that the main target of their Portland Street Response was to help the homeless population. People facing homelessness, mental health crises, or drug use are often sent to jail for committing a crime. Commissioner Chloe Eudal wants to enforce through this program that “being homeless is not a crime, having a mental illness is not a crime, and addiction is not a crime”. These programs have been a step towards providing proper care to those facing mental health crises. As more cities such as Charlotte, Long Beach, Phoenix, and San Francisco begin to implement similar systems, we can see a future filled with programs such as these that properly promote public safety. Cities also recognize that along with starting these programs, reform of the police system is needed. The Mayor of San Francisco, London Breed acknowledged that “San Francisco has made progress reforming our police department, but we know that we still have significant work to do,”. She also stated in a later interview, “we know that a lack of equity in our society overall leads to a lot of the problems that police are being asked to solve”.

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Presence Of Oxygen Might Not Indicate Life On Alien Planets: Here's Why What is the one most important scientists look for to ascertain scope of life on an alien planet? Yes, it's oxygen! And while oxygen may be intrinsic to human survival, it appears that oxygen might not be the best sign of life on other planets. Oxygen on Earth is produced after organisms absorb carbon dioxide, sunlight, and water to create sugars and starches for energy. Oxygen is just a byproduct, but without it, none of us would be breathing comfortably. Oxygen may be perceived as indication of life in an exoplanet's atmosphere, but that's only if we're able to completely rule out other pathways that created oxygen, scientists claim. Based on what we know about Earth, the discovery of oxygen in an exoplanet's atmosphere would imply that organisms on the planet might be at work. This doesn't mean that life has to be as sophisticated as human beings, oxygen could be getting produced by simpler life. Why oxygen might not mean life A new research titled "Abiotic molecular oxygen production—Ionic pathway from sulfur dioxide" published in Science Advances paints a new picture. Researchers claim to have found an abiotic source of oxygen - stemming from sulphur dioxide. Sulphur is not uncommon for planets, and volcanoes produce sulphur and then release it into the atmosphere. This means that many volcanic exoplanets might have oxygen in their atmospheres. But this might or might not involve life. Chemical processes on many planets may be creating molecular oxygen without involving lifeforms - the same kind of oxygen that's vital to life on Earth. This might help explain the presence of oxygen on Io, Ganymede, and even Europa. What does this research imply? Quite simply, that, oxygen might not be the ideal sign of life on other planets. In fact, it could only represent the chemical complexity of such planets. Today, U. (2022, October 19). Oxygen Might Not Be an Ideal Sign of Life on Other Planets After All : ScienceAlert. Retrieved October 19, 2022, from https://www.sciencealert.com/oxygen-might-not-be-an-ideal-sign-of-life-on-other-planets-after-all

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|Grayish-yellow; three dark stripes on top of the body. |Up to 30 |Attracted to damp and dark areas, such as beneath leaves and stones or inside of crawlspaces and bathrooms. |House Centipedes in the Pacific North West |House centipedes are a common pest throughout the United States. With fifteen pairs of very long and slender legs, these invertebrates have a unique and somewhat scary appearance. However, they are not aggressive and mainly feed on other pests such as spiders or cockroaches. House centipedes can be found both outdoors and indoors, typically in dark or damp areas. Though these creatures are not considered harmful, they can be a nuisance if they are sharing our living spaces. |House Centipede Habitat |House centipedes are drawn to shaded areas with ample moisture. Outdoors, this often means beneath stones or inside of damp leaf litter. Indoors, house centipedes are typically found in damp areas such as cellars or bathrooms. Since these creatures are so drawn to moisture, an abundance of house centipedes in your home could indicate that there is an underlying moisture problem. Both indoors and outdoors, house centipedes feed on insects and spiders, which can help control the populations of these pests naturally. |House Centipede Behavior, Threats, and Dangers |House centipedes are not aggressive, and their weak jaws are often incapable of penetrating human skin. If they do manage to bite a human, their bite is usually no worse than a bee sting. However, house centipedes do have a set of poison claws located right behind their head, which allows them to poison and paralyze their insect prey. Though house centipedes can have a positive impact on the environment by controlling insect populations, they can be a bother if they manage to get indoors. If you notice an outbreak of house centipedes on your property, contact your local extermination professionals for a quick and safe removal.

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Is the earth’s sixth mass extinction event really underway? Extinctions happen all the time—we lose a species but others evolve. It’s how adaptive biology works. But with extinction rates on the rise, experts are sounding alarm bells that Earth’s sixth mass extinction may be underway. And while a meteor crash killed off the dinosaurs 65 million years ago, this time humans are to blame. On November 10, at the La Brea Tar Pits in Los Angeles—once home to the Columbian mammoth—a panel of experts discussed the causes and consequences of species loss at “Extinction! Fear and Hope at the La Brea Tar Pits.” This free event was produced by the Natural History Museum and UCLA Institute of the Environment and Sustainability. Expert panelists included: Stewart Brand, president of The Long Now Foundation, Tar Pits’ excavation site director Emily Lindsey and UCLA English professor and author of Imagining Extinction: The Cultural Meanings of Endangered Species Ursula Heise. The discussion was moderated by Jon Christensen, co-founder of LENS. Brand contends we’re not experiencing a mass extinction—instead, we’re losing distinct populations, but not the species themselves. He’s part of the de-extinction movement, which aims to bring back animals that humans have inadvertently wiped out. I recently talked with Brand to understand what it takes to revive an extinct creature. How exactly do you turn back the clock for an animal no longer with us? We are now able to figure out almost the entire genome of species that are long gone, such as the passenger pigeon which died out just over a 100 years ago. With de-extinction we work with the genome of a living species that’s very closely related to the ancient extinct animal. The passenger pigeon is pretty close genetically to the west coast band tailed pigeon. So the idea is to look at their differences, see which genetic differences really matter, and then do the edits so you can move genes of the passenger pigeon traits that you care about over to the embryos of living band tailed pigeons. And over the course of time eventually recreate the passenger pigeon. It introduces another story as far as extinction is concerned—if you care enough and want to spend enough, you can bring back a keystone species like the passenger pigeon. Don’t ecosystems suffer if they lose a keystone species? Exactly. The passenger pigeon was a keystone species because they nested in such dense colonies they basically broke up the forest, kind of the way fire does. They also laid down vast quantities of poop that enriched the forest. So instead of having a uniform forest that can be ecologically problematic – a closed canopy forest that goes on forever—they were part of what kept the eastern deciduous forest a rich mosaic. Part of the reason they went extinct was there was deforestation. But the forest has been growing back tremendously, when people hike the Appalachian Trail now they refer to it as the long green tunnel. It’s one of the reasons we think this forest bird would prosper when it’s restored. So the passenger pigeon has an ecosystem to return to, what about the woolly mammoth? The woolly mammoth lived in a region called the mammoth steppe—the largest biome on earth—it’s being restored in northern Siberia at Pleistocene Park. It’s where large grazing animals inhabited the arctic and sub-arctic before humans came along with spears and killed them all. When the density of grazers went down to almost nothing and thanks to hunting the mammoths were totally gone, the grasslands reverted to tundra and boreal forest. In climate terms it’s problematic, and bio-abundance went down to about one hundredth of the animal mass. But increasing the density of animals like musk ox, moose and bison is bringing back that landscape. By the time we recreate woolly mammoths, which should be in this century, the largest uninhabited northern land area will be ready for any cold adapted elephant—which is what the restored woolly mammoth would be. And this could help us out in terms of climate change? Yes, because global warming is exacerbated by all of that tundra and boreal forest. As tundra melts it releases carbon dioxide and methane, whereas grassland fixes carbon. Having boreal forest rather than ice and snow confuses the reflectancy and albedo (heat reflecting capacity) of the far north. So in the long term of developing climate stability a restored mammoth steppe, with or without mammoths, would be a good thing to do ecologically for an earth going into over-drive with greenhouse gases. I’m not about to say the woolly mammoths would fix climate change. But they can be part of the vast human effort that’s having to be undertaken in this century to stabilize climate change. Another good reason to bring back woolly mammoths is to restore the bio-abundance that used to be there. The sub-arctic was pretty much like the Serengeti is now. The African grasslands and savannahs are dense with dozens of large animals that we adore, the whole world used to be like that, especially the far north. But with human population heading for nine billion people could de-extinction create more human-wildlife conflict? Well the good news is that in this century, against all expectations, human population is levelling off. And people are moving to cities, we’re at 50 percent urban now heading to 70 or 80 percent by midcentury. Agriculture is also getting more efficient, especially in the developing world, freeing up land for nature and animals. The existence proof is in Europe where there’s been so much abandoned farm land in the last few decades. The land immediately turns to forest and there’s enough to form wild life corridors. A lot of Europe’s big animals are coming back—the conspicuous ones are wolves—but you have a whole range of animals that are coming back and being welcomed. So we’d have more big charismatic animals to “ooh and ah” over, but what about the de-extinction nay-sayers? Some conservationists are concerned this will take away the sting that extinction is forever. And that people might become casual about letting animals go extinct because ‘oh well it’s alright, we’ll bring them back later.’ But we’ve been saying all along is it’s a terrible way to preserve a species you care about, because you won’t get it back exactly, you’ll get an approximation at best. And the costs are tremendous. Another concern is what if this draws money away from traditional conservation efforts that could prevent extinction. Our experience at Revive and Restore is the opposite. We were involved in using genetics to prevent the extinction of the black footed ferret and it’s all one. Being able to prevent extinctions genetically, or reversing it genetically all uses the same technology. How would you describe your evolution as a conservationist? De-extinction—this genetic rescue of wildlife—is really a coming home for me. I’ve been a conservationist since I was 10 years old. I got my degree in biology and ecology and evolution at Stanford back in 1960, so for me, this is to a large extent who I am.

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عنوان مقاله [English] نویسنده [English]چکیده [English] Benefits of outdoor learning, experimental learning and travel schooling have long been studied and well documented in other countries. However, these types of learning are still infancy in Iran and are understudied in architecture and urban planning fields. To address this gap in the literature, the present article investigates Iranian students’ and researchers’ learning from an academic field trip to Europe. Through the lens of the Kolbe’s Experimental Learning Theory, it will be predicted that academic field trips facilitate four- stage learning cycle simultaneously. The result of data analysis supported the research hypothesis.This study is qualitative in nature. The data for the study was collected through an unstructured interview and an open-ended questionnaire. The subjects consisted of 25 researchers and students who participated in an academic field trip to Italy and France in summer 2015. After transcribing the interviews and the questionnaires, the content analysis of the collected data were carried out using NVIVO17 software. The data analysis revealed that academic field trips promote four -stage learning cycle namely “concrete experience”, “reflective observation”, “abstract conceptualization” and “active experimentation” in Kolbe’s Experimental Learning Theory.

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Understanding and analyzing poetry is one of most difficult and taxing exercises in literature. A single poem can hold many different meanings for people, and there is no one correct way to read a particular poem. If you’re tasked to analyze a poem, or if you want to find the meaning of a poem that you really like, here are some ways to do it. Exegesis versus Eisegesis The critical reading of any poem is required to understand the deeper images and meanings to be discovered in it. The same goes for reading any other kind or form of literature; analysis requires your active attention and engagement. There are two important concepts that you should know about: In exegesis, the text is understood critically. The meaning is drawn out from the text only, and the interpretations also come from the text. Exegesis is a very difficult reading, but it is the best way to analyze a poem. In eisegesis, the reader makes the mistake of putting his or her own ideas in the reading and analysis of text. Eisegesis is useful in some instances, but definitely not for poems. The goal of analyzing a poem is that the meaning should be drawn out naturally, instead of the reader implying and imparting ideas not found in the text itself. For some, naturally understanding poetry is inherent and doesn’t need to be “taught” in a traditional manner. For others the ideas are harder to grasp as poetry is often not black and white. Private tutoring at home can help you if you are having trouble understanding. Personal coaching in a relaxed atmosphere can greatly enhance the way someone understands and feels poetry. Poets and critics debate on form, and there are many opinions about form and its importance. Here are some important things to remember about form: Rhyme may be considered obsolete and passé, but many poems are still written with rhyme considered as part of the form. Literary devices like rhyming words, alliteration, and repetition are used in many poems; however, it’s important to note that not all verses that use a stylistic device can be properly considered as poems. Meter, or prosody, is the structure of the poem. Rhythm is important in poems, especially if the poem is read aloud. Many poems follow a specific metric structure; sonnets, for example, have 14 lines with a rhyme structure followed all throughout the verse. Haiku follows a metric scheme of at least 17 syllables. Free verse is a popular form of poetry. Poets and critics agree that verses need to have a particular form to be considered a true poem; free verse considered as poetry should still be part of the whole poem. A mishmash of verses and words in free verse can only be considered “poetry” if the meaning drawn out of it is poetic. Meaning in poetry is often ambiguous. Some poets may choose to write poems that are ambiguous, but most poets use many literary devices to convey a meaning to their verse: - Style. For a work to be considered “literary,” it has to use literary language. Style is very important not only to establish the poet, but also to establish the poem. Style controls the form and the meaning of the poem, and is the reason why some people appreciate a work. - Images. When you analyze a poem, it’s important to look for images and other elements to help you visualize the event taking place. Like fiction, good poetry shows the event instead of telling it, and allows the meaning to be drawn out naturally from the verse. - Feeling. Emotions are very important elements of poetry. For a poem to be of a significant value to the reader, it has to evoke certain feelings and emotions naturally. The keys to a good poem is that the emotion – like the meaning – should be subtle and moving, and it should be retained in one’s memory. The analysis and critical, careful reading of poetry is an art in itself. With these tips, you can find a deeper and more moving meaning to any good poem that you read.

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DISTRICT OF LAKELAND NO. 521Serving Emma, Christopher, Anglin & McPhee Lakes, and a portion of the Boreal Forest Region. Environmental Bylaws and Environmental Plan - Lakeshore Erosion - Love Your Lake: Natural Edge Program - Vacationland News: Shoring up our Shorelines - Boat Wakes - Video (NSRBC) - ATV’s Illegal In Lake Water - Water Quality Overview - Yearly Water Quality Summaries - You and Lake Water Quality - Tips for Healthy Lakes and Recreation Fires in Lakeland General Information & Resources About the Committee/Contact Us Water Quality in the District of Lakeland Why Should We Be Concerned? - Our lakes are one of our most valuable resources and assets and one we should protect for future generations. - Clean healthy lakes support human health, the aquatic ecosystem and the economy. What Are the Main Factors that Affect our Lake Water Quality? - Sedimentation and erosion from shoreline alteration and beach creation - Increased Runoff from lot clearing and installation of paved/cemented areas - Use of fertilizers and pesticides on lawns and spraying for bugs/spiders etc. - Fuel and Oils entering water due to poor storage, spilling or disposing of them on the ground and from the use of 2 stroke outboard motors - Sewage and Grey Water entering the water from leaking or overflowing tanks and dumping kitchen grey waters containing harmful detergents and shampoos on the ground - Operation of Boats too close to shore or in shallow waters stirring up bottom sediments and weeds - Destruction of Wetlands by filling them in results in the loss of nature’s natural filter system What Are some of Your Observations and Why Do They Exist? - Tea Coloured Waters are caused by decaying organic matters such as leaves, bark and aquatic plants and is more prevalent in high precipitation years when runoff out of the surrounding forest is high. - Increased Weed and Algae growth which can be caused by added nutrients from runoff, fertilizer use, septic sources, shoreline alteration, boat activity and wind especially in shallow areas. - Swimmer’s Itch is an allergic reaction to parasites introduced to the water through bird feces so it can be reduced by not feeding birds on your beach or dock. What are some Positive Indicators of Good Water Quality? - The Presence of Freshwater Shrimp as they require good water quality for growth and survival. - A Healthy Dragonfly and Damselfly Population as they require good water quality to support their larvae which live in the water for up to four years before emerging. - An Abundant Mayfly Hatch and Population is generally considered to be an indication of good water quality as they are sensitive and are pollution sensitive. The greatest threat to the water quality of our lakes is not from naturally occurring events but from the pressures of development and other human influences.

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When it comes to disposing of a glove, the most important first step is to wash your hands immediately to prevent the spread of any germs that you may have come in contact with. After that, place the used glove inside a tightly tied plastic bag which can help reduce odors, mess, and keep any germs or bacteria contained. Once you have the glove safely tucked away in a plastic bag, you can properly dispose of it in the trash. Make sure to check the local regulations in your area as some places have regulations on how to dispose of gloves. For example, if you are disposing of medical or nitrile gloves, you may have to check with local health and safety regulations to ensure you are disposing of the gloves properly. Why is it important to dispose gloves? It is important to dispose gloves properly so that the spread of germs, bacteria, and viruses can be avoided. Wearing gloves is beneficial as it provides a protective barrier between hands and objects/surfaces that are touched. This helps to reduce unintended cross-contamination by limiting the exchange of harmful microorganisms between hands and the environment. However, if gloves aren’t disposed of properly after use, they can actually become a source of contamination. This is because the bacteria and other viruses living on them can be transferred to other people or surfaces that are subsequently touched. Therefore, it’s important to always dispose of gloves after using them and practicing proper hand hygiene. This includes washing your hands for at least 20 seconds with soap and warm water before and after handling gloves. Disposing gloves in a trash receptacle or covered garbage can will help to ensure that they don’t contaminate new surfaces or people. Are gloves recycled? Yes, gloves can be recycled. In fact, gloves are made from a variety of materials, including rubber, leather, and plastic, which can all be recycled. The most common source of recycled gloves is the medical field, where gloves are used in a variety of settings. Most medical gloves are made from latex, which can be melted down and used to create new products. Other materials, such as vinyl, nitrile, and polyurethane, can also be recycled and used for new gloves. In some cases, gloves can be recycled into cleaning products, insulation, and even furniture. While there are not many large-scale programs to collect and recycle used gloves, there are some organizations that will take them to use for educational and research purposes. Where do used gloves go? Depending on how they are used and the materials they are made from, there are several different places used gloves can go. In a medical setting, like a doctor’s office or hospital, used gloves would typically be discarded in medical waste bins. In most cases, these items will then be taken away by a company who specializes in medical waste disposal. Used gloves can also be safely disposed of in normal household waste. The important thing to remember when doing this is to ensure the gloves are securely wrapped and sealed in a bag or plastic wrap first. This helps to prevent the spread of infection and contamination. In the manufacturing, automotive and chemical industries, used gloves can be sent away in a special waste bin for processing. A specialist recycler predefined in the safety policy will pick up items from the waste bin, then de-manufacture and recycle the material in a safe environment. Finally, some types of gloves, primarily those made from natural materials can sometimes be composted, but again, check with the supplier for advice before doing this. Are gloves hazardous waste? No, gloves are not typically considered hazardous waste. In some cases, however, gloves that have been contaminated with hazardous chemicals or materials may become hazardous waste. For example, if a pair of gloves has come into contact with a chemical that is a known carcinogen or other toxic substance, they would need to be disposed of as hazardous waste. In addition, certain types of medical gloves may be considered bio-hazardous waste if they have come in contact with bodily fluids. It is important to know if a pair of gloves has been contaminated with any materials that are known to be hazardous before disposing of them. What type of waste is gloves? Gloves are a type of single-use waste most commonly used as a barrier in medical settings or as safety protection in industrial settings. The most common types of gloves used are latex, nitrile, and vinyl. Single-use gloves are non-recyclable, so once they are used, they end up in the garbage. However, some glove companies are beginning to make biodegradable and recyclable gloves. Gloves create a great deal of hazardous waste when not disposed of correctly. For example, if gloves used in medical settings contain any sort of biohazardous material, improper disposal can lead to contamination of both air and water supply. This is why it is essential to always properly dispose of gloves and follow the necessary safety protocols to reduce the risk of hazardous waste material escaping. Which gloves are recyclable? It depends on what type of gloves you’re looking to recycle. Generally, disposable gloves such as latex, nitrile, or vinyl gloves can be recycled. However, most of these materials are recycled in industrial-type sorting facilities, meaning that recycling them can be difficult. Some facilities will accept these materials, while others may not. Additionally, many of these types of gloves may not be accepted due to possible contamination. When it comes to non-disposable gloves, such as leather or wool gloves, these are usually not recyclable. That being said, however, there may be certain organizations that accept donations of non-disposable gloves in order to use them in their own operations. Additionally, some places may be able to recycle these types of gloves in a limited capacity. Ultimately, when it comes to recycling gloves, it is best to check with the local sorting facility associated with your local waste and recycling provider. They will have the most accurate details on which materials are and are not able to be recycled, as well as what the recycling process may entail. Are gloves environmentally friendly? Yes, gloves can be environmentally friendly if made from sustainable materials like organic cotton, recycled polyester, or even stainless steel. Gloves made from these eco-friendly materials are not only comfortable and effective, but they can also be composted when they reach the end of their lifespan. Additionally, when purchasing gloves, look for those without packaging and avoid buying single-use options that end up in landfills. To further reduce your environmental impact, look for gloves that are certified organic or Fair Trade. Doing so will help to ensure you are making the most sustainable choice possible and will contribute to less environmental waste. What bin does rubber gloves go in? Rubber gloves generally go in either the landfill/trash bin, or the recycling bin depending on their composition. If the gloves are made mostly of rubber, they will generally go in the landfill/trash bin. If the gloves are made of a material that is recyclable, such as a composite of rubber and plastic, they will go in the recycling bin. To make sure that you are putting your rubber gloves in the right bin, always check the packaging to determine the composition of the gloves and consult your local waste management agency for more information on disposal. Do gloves decompose? Yes, gloves can decompose over time. However, they don’t completely break down the same way that organic materials do. The rate at which gloves decompose depends on the material they are made from. Natural rubber gloves, for example, may take years to fully break down. Synthetic gloves, such as nitrile or polyethylene, may take decades to break down. The decomposition process is further slowed by the types of environments in which gloves are used. For example, if some type of environmental protection is needed, the gloves may be placed in a landfill where the breakdown of the material slows down because of the lack of air and water. Additionally, the environment of a landfill can be toxic, making it difficult for gloves to decompose at all. Despite being slow to decompose, it is possible for gloves to biodegrade. This is mainly due to the different types of microorganisms that are present in different types of environments which are able to break down the organic or synthetic molecules found in gloves. For example, microbes in the presence of oxygen and water can break down the molecules of natural rubber gloves, while bacteria under the right conditions can break down certain molecules in synthetic materials. What can I do with old rubber gloves? There are a variety of different things that you can do with old rubber gloves! One idea is to use them to complete craft projects. You can fill them with sand or beans and sew them together to create stress balls or mini bean bags. You can also use them to make dolls or puppets by drawing a face on the glove and using fabric scraps to create clothes and hair. You can also cut them up and use them as a base for making paper mache creations. Old gloves can also be used to create protective sleeves or liners for shoes. Just cut the gloves to size, glue them together with a flexible adhesive and you have waterproof, comfortable shoe liners. If crafts aren’t your thing, you can use the gloves for cleaning! They are great for deep cleaning the dirtiest of surfaces and can protect your hands from harsh chemicals like bleach. Finally, if you’d like to repurpose them for gardening, you can sew pieces of the gloves together to create planting bags for root vegetables like potatoes or carrots. The gloves will help the soil to retain moisture and keep the roots from developing rot. No matter how you choose to use them, old rubber gloves can be surprisingly versatile and can help you complete a variety of different projects! Can gloves be flushed down the toilet? No, gloves should not be flushed down the toilet. Flushing gloves down the toilet could cause clogging and potential overflows of wastewater. It is especially important to avoid flushing latex gloves down the toilet because they are not biodegradable and even if they eventually do breakdown, they may leave buildup in the system that could cause further clogs. Additionally, if the gloves are able to make it through the plumbing, they can end up accumulating in water ways and can cause harm to the ecosystem. Rather than flushing them, it is best to discard gloves in the trash. Why are gloves left on a casket? Gloves placed on a casket are generally a sign of respect and honor for the deceased. In some cultures, wearing white gloves on a casket is a symbol of the deceased’s purity and innocence. In many religious traditions, saying a final goodbye to a loved one involves the placing of gloves on the casket. This final ritual commemorates the individual’s life and is meant to provide comfort and closure to the family and friends of the deceased. In some societies, gloves are placed on the deceased’s hands as a symbol of gentility and decorum. In other cultures, the gloves are meant to keep the body from coming into contact with objects or people who may not be related to the deceased. By preserving the deceased from outside impurities, gloves can signify respect for the individual by removing any possibility of having the deceased come into contact with those who did not know or respect him or her. How are latex gloves disposed of? Latex gloves are typically disposed of in an appropriate waste receptacle, such as a lined trash can. It is important to choose a receptacle that ensures the gloves will not leak into the surrounding environment. Disposable gloves should never be washed and reused, even if they are made of latex. Doing so can increase the risk of contamination and spread of infection. When disposing of latex gloves, you should also be sure to abide by health and safety guidelines. Be sure to properly remove gloves before disposing of them and avoid contact with any potentially hazardous material. Gloves can also be handled carefully to reduce the risk of contamination or punctures, as any punctures can easily spread infection. Gloves should also be discarded immediately following any contact with hazardous materials. Latex gloves should be discarded in a manner that is consistent with health and safety guidelines in order to protect workers and the environment from hazardous materials and contamination. Following proper disposal procedures can help maintain a safe work environment and reduce the risk of spreading infections. What happens if you flush plastic down the toilet? When plastic is flushed down the toilet, it can cause a variety of problems in the plumbing system and the environment. Plastic items can become lodged in the pipes, trapping waste and preventing drainage. Even small items such as flushable wipes can cause sewage pipes to become blocked, leading to toilet and drain backups. This can lead to costly repairs as well as health risks if sewage overflows or leaks into homes or the surrounding environment. Plastic also cannot breakdown in water, meaning it can remain in the environment for a long time and can be swallowed by animals, causing them harm. To prevent these issues, it is best to avoid flushing plastic down the toilet. If you need to dispose of plastic, the best option is to place it in the trash can.

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While most turtles sport a hard, protective shell on their backs, leatherback sea turtles have their bony protection embedded under their skin and oily flesh. Hence the name… Most turtle shells are made of scutes, or hard, bony plates outside the turtle's skin, but the leatherback has mini-plates underneath its thick, leathery skin. It also have seven ridges that run along its back, underneath the skin. These large sea turtles recently charted one of the longest migrations of any vertebrate animal, and can be found in every ocean of the world. Sign up for the Live Science daily newsletter now Get the world’s most fascinating discoveries delivered straight to your inbox. Andrea Thompson is an associate editor at Scientific American, where she covers sustainability, energy and the environment. Prior to that, she was a senior writer covering climate science at Climate Central and a reporter and editor at Live Science, where she primarily covered Earth science and the environment. She holds a graduate degree in science health and environmental reporting from New York University, as well as a bachelor of science and and masters of science in atmospheric chemistry from the Georgia Institute of Technology.

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Section 1 – History TAG Heuer is a well-known Swiss luxury manufacturer of high-precision chronographs and watches. In time, the brand became so famous for its association with precision and motorsports that it expanded its product range by entering into eyewear and accessories through licensees. TAG Heuer’s original name was “Uhrenmanufaktur Heuer AG”, and it was founded in St-Imier, Switzerland by Edouard Heuer in 1860. The TAG name is an acronym for “Techniques d’Avant Garde” – a mission that is still present today in the company’s motto: “Swiss Avant-Garde since 1860”. Eduard Heuer’s obsession was the precise tracking of time, and this comes out very clearly from the first steps of his company. He developed and patented his first chronograph in 1882, and in 1887 he introduced an oscillating pinion concept that is still used by watchmakers today. In 1911 he patented the “Time of Trip”, the first dashboard chronograph, to be used in cars, and after that, in airplanes. And in 1914 he adapted his chronographer designs to the wrist, creating his first wristwatch. In 1916, his son, Charles-Auguste, created the Mikrograph, the first stopwatch featuring a high-beat precision movement capable of tracking time to the 1/100th of a second, and later, the “Semikrograph”, which was accurate to the 1/50th but had a split-second function. In the 1930s the Autavia was introduced, first as a dashboard timer designed for cars and planes (AUTomobiles + AVIAtion). They also began manufacturing Flieger chronographs for the German Luftwaffe. A line that expanded in the 1940s, with the introduction of two and three register models. After WWII, the company continued to manufacture their chronographs and cooperated with Abercrombie & Fitch to manufacture their watches. Heuer’s expansion and specialization continued through the 1950s, until the 1960s, when astronaut John Glenn used a Heuer stopwatch in the first manned NASA spaceflight, making Heuer the first company to send a watch into space. The Autavia wrist chronograph was introduced in 1962, and the Carrera, designed by Jack Heuer, debuted in 1963. Together with Breitling and Hamilton, Heuer created a line of in-house automatic movements during the end of the 1960s. This was the time of the Monza, possibly Heuer’s most famous chronograph, brought to glory by its association with actor Steve McQueen. Over the years, Heuer became more and more associated with the world of motorsports, with their products acting as the official timekeeper of many racing events. The company officially became TAG Heuer in 1985 when it was bought by the TAG group, before eventually ending up acquired by the LVMH group in 1999. The TAG Heuer of today is very busy reinterpreting the spirit of its origins, and introducing such industry records like the Carrera Mikrograph chronograph, precise to the 1/100th of a second, launched in 2011, and the world’s fastest chronograph, the Mikrogirder 1/2,000th, launched in 2012. Section 2 – Iconic pieces The company’s lineup of models features several references that mark highlights in the history of watchmaking. The company is mainly focused on sports watches, chronographs being the main model, but has produced other beautiful timepieces as well. The most famous TAG Heuer watch is the Monaco, worn by Steve McQueen in the 1971 movie Le Mans – a watch so famous that several F1 racers wear it even today. Other notable models are the Autavia and the Carrera, two of the company’s hallmarks for over 50 years. Other notable references are the Aquaracer line of diver watches and the Formula 1 line. 1 – Carrera line The Carrera line was designed by Jack Heuer in homage to the famous “Carrera Panamericana”, a legendary Mexican car competition, and entered into production in 1963, featuring a Valjoux movement. From then onwards it continued to be one of the most successful models manufactured by the company. The original chronographer line has been enriched today by several other versions, all of which respect the original design linked to the racing tradition of this iconic and greatly loved timepiece. 2 – Aquaracer line The Aquaracer represents the quintessential diver’s watch by TAG Heuer. It is a typical diver watch, but apart from its name, it displays a vibrant design that subtly links it to the world of above-water racing. The collection is composed of three-hand models and chronographers, and also features some interesting limited editions dedicated to famous personalities who have become style icons. 3 – Monaco line The Monaco changed the world of horology in 1969 with its distinctive square shape. It was one of the first watches featuring the Type 11 movement developed by the TAG Heuer-Breitling-Buren-Hamilton-Dubois Depraz consortium, with its typical winding crown located at nine. Dedicated to the most fascinating F1 race track in the world, the Monaco is world-famous for its association with Steve McQueen, who displayed it in the 1971 film Le Mans, featuring the story of a rivalry between two race car drivers. 4 – Autavia line The Autavia line is the successor of the first chronographer created by Heuer, and has preserved its timeless and classy 1960s inspirations, linked to the development of the chronograph as a dashboard instrument first and as a wristwatch later. The Autavia, along with the Carrera, are the two oldest watch model’s in TAG-Heuer’s lineup. While the Carrera looks a bit more sporty, the Autavia preserves a vintage look that renders it unique and timeless. 5 – Formula 1 line The F1 collection was the first introduced after Heuer became TAG Heuer, and carries the vibe of modernity and dedication to the sports racing world in the design of the timepieces as well as in the materials used in their construction, which include titanium and ceramic. In the beginning, this collection featured very colorful designs with plastic cases in bright yellow and red colors, but over time has become more serious and sports-focused. The F1 line is extensive, numbering over 50 references, and its diverse models offer both quartz and mechanical versions, to satisfy the needs and budget of every TAG Heuer fan. Section 3 – News Not really the type to rest on its laurels, TAG Heuer has developed its first fully manufactured balance spring in its history – the Isograph – an exceptional component, raising the standards of scientific research. It is a lightweight, anti-magnetic and extraordinarily resistant creation, due to its material, a carbon composite compound. The group is composed of a spiral and a specially designed balance. The watches equipped with it combine high performance with unparalleled chronometric precision, as all the models equipped with the Isograph spring are COSC-certified chronometers. Capable of adapting to most mechanical components while maintaining the same level of performance, the Isograph technology has been applied to the IWC-manufactured Calibre Heuer 02 Tourbillon movement and the new Autavia collection presented at the last Baselworld: a collection that combines a legendary timepiece with a unique innovation for a watch that is more avant-garde than ever before. Section 4 – Gossip/Style Everybody knows the killer stare of uber-model Cara Delevingne, and her assertive attitude – well, when you are on the top of the world you deserve it, don’t you? Cara Delevigne is a TAG Heuer ambassador and embodies the attitude of their wearers. The all-black, special edition TAG Heuer Carrera watch that she wears was created specifically for her and shows her glam outlook with the tongue-in-cheek attitude of someone who knows how not to take herself too seriously. Leonardo DiCaprio was one of the other personalities chosen for the brand’s ambassador program. Not only for his qualities as an actor but more importantly, for his well-known activities on behalf of nature. His green activism has earned him wide accolades, and so the company found him to be the perfect testimonial for the campaign “What are you made of”. The royalties generated from the deal have gone to support the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) and Green Cross International. Parisian David Guetta is a world-famous DJ, music programmer, producer, and artist who has sold over nine million albums and 30 million singles worldwide. He is considered among the first DJs to get into electronic dance music. Guetta is a personality that embodies the TAG Heuer spirit – “Never crack under pressure”, as one of its most famous slogans said – the resilience that this then virtually unknown DJ has demonstrated while ascending to the lofty heights of stardom. Section 5 – Current Most Popular Models The TAG Heuer is dominated by a few models which have been the reference for a countless array of versions, generally based on chronograph movements, but which have also stemmed calibers without the stop-watch function. The most iconic and well-known model by TAG Heuer is the Monaco, which is available in a large variety of models and references. The Autavia and the Carrera represent the company’s tradition and offer beautiful timepieces of different designs, some with a vintage inspiration, which is bound to not pass unnoticed. The Aquaracer is also a well-sought model, due to its hybrid look that mixes the classic diver watch with motorsports style. Of the latter, the F1 line represents a perfect expression. The timepieces of this collection are among the most affordable of the whole TAG Heuer experience, and offer any fan the pleasure of entering into this world with a low entry barrier. These watches – especially the vintage models in plastic – can also be bought at a substantial discount, making them the perfect entry point watch. Last but not least, the company offers the most affordable Swiss-made tourbillon watch you can find, the $17,000 or so Carrera Chronograph Tourbillon with the Heuer 02T caliber. An amazing timepiece that puts the “T” word in reach of a plethora of users who could not have afforded it before. Section 6 – Current Approximate Price List By Line/Model The Carrera Line The Carrera series features the typical sports chronograph, with a definitely personal vibe due to a design that hasn’t changed over the years. It has evolved in time to include several traditional three-hand references as well. Over the years it has mounted several calibers, from the Valjoux 72 to the current Calibre 18, based on the ETA2892, and the current caliber 1887, based on the high-end Seiko 6578, and featuring a column wheel and oscillating pinion, like the one patented by Edouard Heuer in 1887. You will also find the Heuer 02T with tourbillon in this line. There are also several limited editions available, and some of the three-hand references mount interesting complications, such as GMT. The collection offers cases that can go from simple stainless steel to technical materials to yellow and rose gold, mounted on leather wristbands or bracelets. Dress/ Luxury Sports Watch Stainless Steel, Titanium, Ceramics, Gold The three-handed references in stainless steel start from around $1,500 upwards. The chronographs, in stainless steel, from around $2,500, with the most technical, skeletonized versions, and the ones featuring cases in titanium or ceramics, starting from around the $3,500 mark. The tourbillon version can be bought from around $12,000, upwards for the more technical references. The precious metal versions start from the bimetallic ones (steel and gold) at prices similar to the steel models and rise up to the $3,500 for a three-hands version and the $5,000 of the chronograph. Prepare to pay from $19,000 upwards for the tourbillon version in gold and around $30,000 for the Mikrograph limited edition. The Aquaracer Line The Aquaracer line melds the sporty character of the typical TAG Heuer production with the typical needs of the divers watch. The result is a watch that displays a definite and unique character, features specs needed for serious underwater use, such as a unidirectional 60-minute bezel in steel, titanium or ceramics; hands and indices covered with lume; and water resistance of 300 m (30 bar) or 500 m (50 bar). With the added plus of being definitely affordable. Luxury Sports Watch Stainless Steel, Titanium, Bimetal The line offers both quartz and automatic watches, so the entry point is very low, around $500 for the first and around $1,000 for the others. The collection features some chronographs, which are available for around $1,500. The collection also offers different materials for the cases, such as titanium and bimetal (steel and gold). The titanium versions start from $2,300, while the bimetal ones are cheaper, from $1,300. The Monaco Line The Monaco, designed by Jack Heuer, is the company’s most distinctive watch, period. Its original square case and the iconic 1970s look still capture the fancy of horology fans worldwide. It was so peculiar when it came out, that it was chosen for the 1971 blockbuster film Le Mans, where Steve McQueen wore it on his right wrist, and this exposure made it a cult object. However, its horological qualities are on par with its fame, as its movement is still a milestone in watchmaking. During the years, the Monaco has been enriched by numerous versions, from chronographs to three-handers, of smaller and larger sizes, all of which stay true to the model’s original beauty and character. Dress and Luxury Sports watch Stainless Steel, Gold, Diamonds Date/Day, Power Reserve, Moon Phase, Chronographer. An original vintage Monaco, with its caliber 11 movement, characterized by the peculiar crown position at nine, can be found on the market for around $17,500, while the modern Heritage versions retail for around $4,500. The caliber 12 movement mounted Monaco, with a traditionally-placed crown at three, retails for around the same amount. The Autavia Line The Autavia line is the oldest in the TAG-Heuer’s lineup, and its vintage design still offers the charm and character of the 1960s. It differs from the Carrera for being less sporty and more dressy – so it also looks great with a suit. Its distinctive black and white dial still follows the original design which rendered it famous and appreciated worldwide. Some of the versions mount the original caliber 11, with its distinctive crown based at nine. Luxury Sports Watch The Autavia is available in stainless steel, starting from around $3,200 upwards; the limited editions start from around $6,500. The Formula 1 Line More than other lines of the company, the Formula 1 line offers watches of a vast array of sizes, calibers, and designs, all displaying a distinctive sporty character. In this series, stainless steel is accompanied by other materials like titanium, ceramic, and aluminum, some of them treated to achieve a matte finishing. A few F1 models are also suitable as diving watches, as they feature a unidirectional turning bezel and are water-resistant to 200m Some limited editions, dedicated to characters of the racing world, are also available. Date/Day, GMT, Chronographer. Due to the vast number of versions, some are very affordable, starting for around $750 for the quartz versions, and around $1,000 for the automatic versions. The chronographs start in the $1,700 range and can go well into the $2,500 for the most technical versions, especially the black-coated ones. Section 7 – Q & A Why aren’t Tag Heuer watches ever mentioned as good watches, on Quora? The short answer is: because most of them are not good, just average, especially given their price. The longer answer entails understanding the brand positioning of the different watch brands, and their technical contents, especially during the later (post quartz crisis) period. But before this, just take a look above. What you see on top is a version of their most iconic model: the TAG Heuer Monaco. It is so famous because the original was worn by one of the cooler actors of the world, which was Steve McQueen, in the movie Le Mans, in 1971. What are your opinions on TAG Heuer watches for everyday wear? Are they worth the money, or would it be better to spend more and get an Omega? As an owner of both in the past I can say Omega are better in terms of build quality and customer service. I have owned a Tag Heuer Carrera but when it was sent for a service it came back with no repair work and getting parts proved difficult. My Omega came back as good as new. They are much better made watches. Why is a TAG Heuer watch much more expensive than a similar-looking Citizen? That is because of branding, my friend. Citizen is a Japanese brand. TAG is Swiss. Swiss brands have traditionally more Ooomph than japanese ones, especially in the Western countries – and I have to add, they do not really deserve it, as Japanese watches are among the best you can buy if you consider price/features ratio. Why is a TAG Heuer CARRERA costly? The cost is relative. To some, it will seem expensive, to others a good value. It’s a good quality watch. It’s expensive to design, manufacture, and market a luxury watch. Purchasing a TAG Heuer Carrera is considered by some to be a rite of passage. The cost of the watch is meaningful in that it represents the achievement of a goal. It’s an “I’ve made it” kind of feeling when you can purchase the Carrera. A Rolex for others can serve the same purpose. Is Tag Heuer considered cool? It’s considered cool by those who don’t want to spend a lot more money on more expensive watches. They’re good watches but not hand-finished, and they’ve only recently introduced an in house movement. Certain models are well regarded. The Carrera is popular and well-styled, and the Tag ‘Steve McQueen’ Monaco is cool.

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