response
stringlengths 236
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stringclasses 2
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2.01k
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|---|---|---|
{
"REASONING": [
"The DOCUMENT states that the word 'chikungunya' translates in Swahili to 'the illness of the bended walker'.",
"The ANSWER provided is 'the illness of the bended walker'.",
"The ANSWER is directly taken from the DOCUMENT and does not offer new information or contradict the DOCUMENT."
],
"SCORE": "PASS"
} | PASS | 1,205 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The DOCUMENT clearly states that a reliable 3D (three dimensional) structure of the target protein is the prerequisite condition to make a molecular docking study feasible.",
"The ANSWER incorrectly mentions a 2D (two dimensional) structure instead of a 3D structure.",
"This discrepancy means the ANSWER is not faithful to the DOCUMENT."
],
"SCORE": "FAIL"
} | FAIL | 305 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The DOCUMENT states that data on pre-existing conditions were reported for seven cases.",
"Out of these seven cases, five had no pre-existing conditions.",
"The ANSWER 'five' matches the information provided in the DOCUMENT."
],
"SCORE": "PASS"
} | PASS | 1,786 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The DOCUMENT states: 'We do not have a universal vaccine to prevent all influenza virus infections, but we can make effective vaccines to a specific influenza virus strain in a short time.'",
"The ANSWER accurately reflects this statement by mentioning the lack of a universal vaccine and the ability to create effective vaccines for specific strains.",
"The ANSWER does not introduce any new information or contradict the DOCUMENT."
],
"SCORE": "PASS"
} | PASS | 2,008 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The DOCUMENT mentions that the numbers of infected persons and verified deaths are likely underestimates due to limited information available regarding incubation time, transmissibility, and virus origin.",
"The ANSWER states 'limited information available regarding symptoms, transmissibility, and virus origin'.",
"The DOCUMENT does not specifically mention 'symptoms' as a reason for underestimation, but rather 'incubation time'.",
"The ANSWER is mostly faithful but introduces 'symptoms' which is not explicitly mentioned in the DOCUMENT as a reason for underestimation."
],
"SCORE": "FAIL"
} | FAIL | 1,963 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The DOCUMENT states that neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors target the NA glycoproteins of influenza A and B viruses.",
"The ANSWER specifies that NA inhibitors target the NA glycoproteins of influenza A virus.",
"The ANSWER does not mention influenza B virus, which is included in the DOCUMENT.",
"The ANSWER does not contradict the DOCUMENT but omits part of the information."
],
"SCORE": "FAIL"
} | FAIL | 330 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The DOCUMENT outlines the phases of a pandemic as: investigation phase, followed by recognition, initiation, and acceleration phases.",
"The ANSWER lists the phases as: investigation phase, followed by recognition, initiation, and acceleration phases.",
"The ANSWER does not introduce any new information or contradict the DOCUMENT."
],
"SCORE": "PASS"
} | PASS | 1,305 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The DOCUMENT states: 'The HMPV genome is approximately 13 kb and comprises eight open reading frames (ORFs) encoding nucleoprotein (N), phosphoprotein (P), matrix protein (M), fusion glycoprotein (F), transcription enhancer protein (M2), small hydrophobic protein (SH), attachment glycoprotein (G), and large polymerase protein (L)'.",
"The ANSWER provided is '13 kb'.",
"The ANSWER is consistent with the information provided in the DOCUMENT.",
"The ANSWER does not introduce any new information or contradict the DOCUMENT."
],
"SCORE": "PASS"
} | PASS | 219 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The DOCUMENT states: 'The incubation time for CHIKV is relatively short, requiring only 2-6 d with symptoms usually appearing 4-7 d post-infection.'",
"The provided ANSWER states: '3-7 d.'",
"The DOCUMENT specifies the incubation period as 2-6 days, not 3-7 days.",
"The ANSWER does not align with the incubation period given in the DOCUMENT."
],
"SCORE": "FAIL"
} | FAIL | 1,220 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The DOCUMENT states that the study aimed to develop a mathematical model for calculating the transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2.",
"The ANSWER specifies that the objective was to provide a mathematical model for calculating the basic reproduction number (R0) of SARS-CoV-2.",
"The basic reproduction number (R0) is a measure of transmissibility, which aligns with the objective mentioned in the DOCUMENT.",
"The ANSWER does not introduce any new information or contradict the DOCUMENT."
],
"SCORE": "PASS"
} | FAIL | 1,502 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The DOCUMENT states that pertussis is a cyclical disease, thought to peak every 2 to 4 years.",
"The ANSWER states that pertussis outbreaks peak every 3 to 5 years.",
"The ANSWER does not align with the information provided in the DOCUMENT."
],
"SCORE": "FAIL"
} | FAIL | 283 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The QUESTION asks for the proportion of healthcare workers who reported symptoms of anxiety.",
"The DOCUMENT states that 560 out of 1257 participants reported symptoms of anxiety, which is 44.6%.",
"The ANSWER provided is 44.6%, which matches the information in the DOCUMENT."
],
"SCORE": "PASS"
} | PASS | 460 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The DOCUMENT states that the burden of disease in developing countries is 2-5 times higher than in developed countries.",
"The ANSWER claims the burden is 3-6 times higher than in developed countries.",
"The ANSWER does not align with the range provided in the DOCUMENT and introduces a higher upper limit (6 times) not mentioned in the DOCUMENT."
],
"SCORE": "FAIL"
} | FAIL | 257 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The DOCUMENT states that the Salp Swarm Algorithm (SSA) is inspired by the behavior of salp chains.",
"The ANSWER states that the SSA optimization algorithm is inspired by the behavior of salp swarms.",
"Both the DOCUMENT and the ANSWER refer to the same inspiration source, which is the behavior of salps.",
"There is no contradiction or additional information in the ANSWER that is not present in the DOCUMENT."
],
"SCORE": "PASS"
} | FAIL | 524 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The provided answer mentions the discovery of IgM+ and IgD+ memory B cells targeting the Merozoite Surface Protein 1, which rapidly respond to malaria re-infection.",
"This information is directly found in the DOCUMENT, specifically in the section discussing new paradigms in malaria vaccine development.",
"The answer does not introduce any new information beyond what is provided in the DOCUMENT.",
"The answer does not contradict any information in the DOCUMENT."
],
"SCORE": "PASS"
} | PASS | 154 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The QUESTION asks about the orf8 length in Human SARS-CoVs isolated from early-phase patients, all civet SARS-CoVs, and other bat SARS-related CoVs.",
"The DOCUMENT states: 'Human SARS-CoVs isolated from early-phase patients, all civet SARS-CoVs, and other bat SARS-related CoVs contain full-length orf8.'",
"The ANSWER provided is 'fulllength orf8'.",
"The ANSWER directly matches the information provided in the DOCUMENT without adding or contradicting any details."
],
"SCORE": "PASS"
} | PASS | 1,951 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The DOCUMENT explicitly states that 'seven monoclonal antibodies against five encephalitis-associated viruses were prepared and used for development of the ELISA-array.'",
"The ANSWER provided is 'monoclonal,' which directly corresponds to the type of antibodies mentioned in the DOCUMENT.",
"There is no additional or contradictory information in the ANSWER compared to the DOCUMENT."
],
"SCORE": "PASS"
} | PASS | 45 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The QUESTION asks about the most effective immune responses in preventing PED virus.",
"The DOCUMENT emphasizes the importance of mucosal immune responses, particularly those induced by oral administration of recombinant Bacillus subtilis expressing the COE antigen of PEDV.",
"The DOCUMENT details how oral administration of B. subtilis-RC significantly increased local mucosal immune responses, including specific mucosal immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies, intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs), and CD3(+)T lymphocytes.",
"The DOCUMENT also mentions that high titers of specific serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) revealed satisfactory systemic immune response against PEDV infection.",
"However, the primary focus of the DOCUMENT is on mucosal immune responses as the most effective in preventing PEDV, not systemic responses."
],
"SCORE": "FAIL"
} | FAIL | 755 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The provided answer states that the STRING database includes 'weighted protein interactions'.",
"The DOCUMENT mentions that the STRING database contains 'weighted protein interactions derived from computational prediction methods, high-throughput experiments, and text mining'.",
"The provided answer does not contradict the DOCUMENT.",
"The provided answer does not offer new information beyond the context provided in the DOCUMENT."
],
"SCORE": "PASS"
} | PASS | 247 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The DOCUMENT states that Chinese health authorities are building a 1000 bed hospital in Wuhan in 10 days.",
"The ANSWER correctly states that the temporary hospital built in Wuhan City for treatment of COVID-19 patients has 1000 beds.",
"The ANSWER does not introduce any new information or contradict the DOCUMENT."
],
"SCORE": "PASS"
} | PASS | 772 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The DOCUMENT states that '52% of the participants were between 20-30 years old.'",
"The ANSWER states '50%'.",
"The ANSWER does not match the percentage provided in the DOCUMENT."
],
"SCORE": "FAIL"
} | FAIL | 101 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The DOCUMENT states that under-reporting was likely to have resulted in 469 (95% CI: 403-540) unreported cases from 1 to 15 January 2020.",
"The ANSWER incorrectly states the period as '1 to 10 January' instead of '1 to 15 January'.",
"This discrepancy means the ANSWER does not accurately reflect the information provided in the DOCUMENT."
],
"SCORE": "FAIL"
} | FAIL | 1,897 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The QUESTION asks about the difference in the group A and B genomes.",
"The ANSWER provided is 'The length of the F-M2 intergenic region'.",
"The DOCUMENT states: 'The length of the F-M2 intergenic region was different between group A and B viruses, that is, 13 nt and 2 nt, respectively.'",
"The ANSWER is directly supported by the DOCUMENT and does not introduce new information or contradict the DOCUMENT."
],
"SCORE": "PASS"
} | PASS | 225 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The DOCUMENT states that both remdesivir and chloroquine (CQ) efficiently inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro.",
"The DOCUMENT mentions that remdesivir is an experimental drug and is not expected to be largely available for treating a very large number of patients in a timely manner.",
"The DOCUMENT highlights that CQ appears to be the drug of choice for large-scale use due to its availability, proven safety record, and relatively low cost.",
"The ANSWER correctly reflects the information provided in the DOCUMENT by stating that CQ appears to be the drug of choice for large-scale use."
],
"SCORE": "PASS"
} | PASS | 455 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The ANSWER states that 14 cases were infected in China and 21 cases were infected in Europe.",
"The DOCUMENT confirms that 14 cases were infected in China (Hubei province: 10 cases; Shandong province: one case; province not reported for three cases).",
"The DOCUMENT also confirms that the remaining 21 cases were infected in Europe.",
"The ANSWER does not introduce any new information or contradict the DOCUMENT."
],
"SCORE": "PASS"
} | PASS | 1,773 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The QUESTION asks for the SCA algorithm's application to improve the ANFIS model.",
"The DOCUMENT mentions that the SCA algorithm was applied to improve the ANFIS model to forecast oil consumption in three countries: Canada, Germany, and Japan.",
"The ANSWER states that the SCA algorithm was applied to forecast oil consumption in three countries: the USA, Germany, and Japan.",
"There is a discrepancy between the countries listed in the DOCUMENT (Canada) and the ANSWER (USA)."
],
"SCORE": "FAIL"
} | FAIL | 519 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The DOCUMENT mentions that the virus might be of bat origin and that the transmission of the virus might be related to exposure at the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market.",
"The DOCUMENT describes a Bats-Hosts-Reservoir-People transmission network model, where the seafood market is defined as the reservoir of the virus.",
"The simplified RP (Reservoir-People) model used in the study focuses on the transmission from the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market (reservoir) to people.",
"The ANSWER states that the reservoir was the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market, which aligns with the information provided in the DOCUMENT."
],
"SCORE": "PASS"
} | FAIL | 1,487 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The DOCUMENT states that the median time until death is 11-13 days (range 5-27 days) among severely ill patients.",
"The ANSWER states that the median time until death is 14-16 days (range 5-27 days) among severely ill patients.",
"The ANSWER does not match the median time until death provided in the DOCUMENT.",
"The ANSWER provides a different median time until death than what is stated in the DOCUMENT."
],
"SCORE": "FAIL"
} | FAIL | 160 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The DOCUMENT states that the reverse transcription and preamplification steps were performed on the epgradient Mastercycler 1 (Eppendorf).",
"The DOCUMENT also states that the hybridization, ligation, and detection steps were performed on the LightCycler 1 480 system (Roche Applied Science).",
"The ANSWER correctly mentions the epgradient Mastercycler 1 (Eppendorf) for the reverse transcription and preamplification steps.",
"However, the ANSWER incorrectly mentions the LightCycler 2 480 system instead of the LightCycler 1 480 system for the hybridization, ligation, and detection steps."
],
"SCORE": "FAIL"
} | FAIL | 599 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The DOCUMENT states that 'Bat is believed to harbor many more viruses than we ever thought as a reservoir host or even a susceptible host.'",
"The ANSWER claims that 'Bat is believed to harbor fewer viruses than we ever thought as a reservoir host or even a susceptible host.'",
"The ANSWER directly contradicts the information provided in the DOCUMENT."
],
"SCORE": "FAIL"
} | FAIL | 1,854 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The DOCUMENT mentions that the virus might be of bat origin and that the transmission of the virus might be related to exposure at the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market.",
"The simplified model used in the study is a Reservoir-People (RP) transmission network model, where the reservoir is defined as the seafood market.",
"The ANSWER states 'the seafood market' as the reservoir, which aligns with the DOCUMENT's information that the seafood market is considered the reservoir in the simplified model."
],
"SCORE": "PASS"
} | PASS | 1,487 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The DOCUMENT discusses the importance of community-based surveillance for enhancing public health efforts and scientific understanding of respiratory infections.",
"It highlights that clinical data alone may not capture the full picture of disease incidence in the general population.",
"The study suggests that community surveillance can provide valuable data that is not represented in clinical settings.",
"The ANSWER, 'active community surveillance,' aligns with the DOCUMENT's emphasis on the need for community-based surveillance to enhance public health surveillance."
],
"SCORE": "PASS"
} | PASS | 265 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The provided answer states that smokers were 1.4 times more likely to have severe symptoms of COVID-19 and approximately 2.4 times more likely to be admitted to an ICU, need mechanical ventilation, or die compared to non-smokers.",
"The DOCUMENT confirms these statistics, stating: 'smokers were 1.4 times more likely (RR=1.4, 95% CI: 0.98-2.00) to have severe symptoms of COVID-19 and approximately 2.4 times more likely to be admitted to an ICU, need mechanical ventilation or die compared to non-smokers (RR=2.4, 95% CI: 1.43-4.04).'",
"The ANSWER does not introduce any new information or contradict the DOCUMENT."
],
"SCORE": "PASS"
} | PASS | 1,961 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The DOCUMENT states that additional research is needed to complement surveillance data to build knowledge on the infectious period, modes of transmission, basic and effective reproduction numbers, and effectiveness of prevention and case management options also in settings outside of China.",
"The ANSWER incorrectly specifies that the research is needed specifically in settings within China, which contradicts the DOCUMENT."
],
"SCORE": "FAIL"
} | FAIL | 1,807 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The QUESTION asks for the first identified COVID-19 case patient on the Diamond Princess cruise ship.",
"The DOCUMENT states that the index case, defined as the first identified case, is a passenger who started coughing from 19 January 2020 on board and disembarked the ship in Hong Kong on 25 January.",
"The ANSWER states that the case was diagnosed on 1 February, and the ship was requested to remain in the ocean near Yokohama from 2 February onwards.",
"The ANSWER does not directly address the QUESTION about the first identified case patient but instead provides information about the diagnosis date and subsequent actions taken.",
"The ANSWER does not contradict the DOCUMENT but fails to provide the specific information requested in the QUESTION."
],
"SCORE": "FAIL"
} | FAIL | 1,508 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The DOCUMENT states that dendritic cells (DCs) naturally exist in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), including Peyer's patches (PPs), isolated lymphoid follicles (ILFs), mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), and scatter throughout the subepithelial lamina propria (LP) of the small intestine and colon.",
"The DOCUMENT does not mention the spleen as a location where dendritic cells exist.",
"The ANSWER includes the spleen, which is not supported by the DOCUMENT."
],
"SCORE": "FAIL"
} | FAIL | 759 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The DOCUMENT explicitly states that there is no credible evidence to support the claim that SARS-CoV-2 originated from a laboratory-engineered CoV.",
"The DOCUMENT suggests that it is more likely that SARS-CoV-2 is a recombinant CoV generated in nature between a bat CoV and another coronavirus in an intermediate animal host.",
"The ANSWER contradicts the DOCUMENT by stating that there is currently credible evidence to support the claim that SARS-CoV-2 originated from a laboratory-engineered CoV.",
"The ANSWER also contradicts the DOCUMENT by stating that it is less likely that SARS-CoV-2 is a recombinant CoV generated in nature."
],
"SCORE": "FAIL"
} | FAIL | 636 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The DOCUMENT states that clinical and biological influenza surveillance has been based on a sentinel practitioner's network since 1996.",
"The sentinel practitioner's network in 2014 was composed of 58 general practitioners (GPs) spread over the island.",
"The ANSWER states that the surveillance is based on 'a network of hospital-based practitioners,' which is not mentioned in the DOCUMENT.",
"The DOCUMENT does not specify that the practitioners are hospital-based; it specifically mentions general practitioners (GPs)."
],
"SCORE": "FAIL"
} | FAIL | 592 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The DOCUMENT states that it is currently unclear how 2019-nCoV (COVID-19) is spread, but it is suspected to be transmitted through contact with infected respiratory secretions, like other known coronaviruses.",
"The DOCUMENT also mentions that current evidence suggests that close contact with an infected person is a major factor in disease transmission.",
"The ANSWER, 'close contact with an infected person,' aligns with the information provided in the DOCUMENT and does not introduce new information or contradict the DOCUMENT."
],
"SCORE": "PASS"
} | PASS | 1,975 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The DOCUMENT states that the CRISPR/Cas antiviral immune system of prokaryotes has been repurposed as a revolutionary gene-editing biotechnology in plants and animals.",
"The ANSWER claims it has been repurposed as a revolutionary gene-editing biotechnology in humans and animals.",
"The DOCUMENT does not mention humans specifically; it mentions plants and animals.",
"Therefore, the ANSWER introduces new information by specifying humans, which is not supported by the DOCUMENT."
],
"SCORE": "FAIL"
} | FAIL | 1,843 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The QUESTION asks for the technology invention that produced antibodies that are clones of a unique parent cell.",
"The DOCUMENT mentions that 'Major strides in the B cell and antibody field followed in the 1970s with the development of hybridoma technology to produce monoclonal antibodies.'",
"The ANSWER states 'in the 1970s with the development of hybridoma technology to produce monoclonal antibodies.'",
"The ANSWER directly references the information provided in the DOCUMENT without adding or contradicting any details."
],
"SCORE": "PASS"
} | PASS | 148 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The DOCUMENT states that Chikungunya virus causes 'fever disease, headache, rash, nausea, vomiting, myalgia, and arthralgia' in the abstract.",
"The ANSWER lists 'fever disease, headache, rash, nausea, vomiting, myalgia, and arthralgia' as the effects of Chikungunya.",
"The ANSWER does not introduce any new information or contradict the DOCUMENT."
],
"SCORE": "PASS"
} | PASS | 1,196 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The DOCUMENT states that 'Tsetsarkin et al. found that a Green Fluorescent Protein tagged E1-A226V virus was 100 times more infective to Ae. albopictus than it was to Ae. aegypti.'",
"The ANSWER accurately reflects this finding by stating 'E1-A226V virus was 100 times more infective to Ae. albopictus than it was to Ae. aegypti.'",
"The ANSWER does not introduce any new information or contradict the DOCUMENT."
],
"SCORE": "PASS"
} | PASS | 1,242 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The DOCUMENT states that 'of the two potential drugs, CQ appears to be the drug of choice for large-scale use due to its availability, proven safety record, and a relatively low cost.'",
"The ANSWER incorrectly states that Remdesivir is the drug of choice for large-scale use.",
"The DOCUMENT mentions that Remdesivir is an experimental drug and is not expected to be largely available for treating a very large number of patients in a timely manner.",
"The DOCUMENT does not support the claim that Remdesivir has a proven safety record and a relatively low cost for large-scale use."
],
"SCORE": "FAIL"
} | FAIL | 455 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The DOCUMENT states that the claim lacks scientific basis due to significant divergence in the genetic sequence of the construct with the new SARS-CoV-2, specifically mentioning a difference of more than 5,000 nucleotides.",
"The ANSWER correctly reflects this specific point from the DOCUMENT.",
"The ANSWER does not introduce any new information or contradict the DOCUMENT."
],
"SCORE": "PASS"
} | PASS | 621 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The DOCUMENT states that the first known imported case of 2019-nCoV in the US was confirmed by the CDC on January 15, 2020.",
"The ANSWER provided is 'January 15, 2020'.",
"The ANSWER does not contradict the DOCUMENT and does not offer new information beyond the context provided in the DOCUMENT."
],
"SCORE": "PASS"
} | PASS | 1,965 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The DOCUMENT mentions multiple hypotheses that can explain the result of 53 swabs remaining without etiology: poor quality of swabs, noninfectious causes, or other pathogens not included in the multiplex PCR.",
"The ANSWER lists these same hypotheses: poor quality of swabs, noninfectious causes, or other pathogens not included in the multiplex PCR.",
"The ANSWER does not introduce any new information or contradict the DOCUMENT."
],
"SCORE": "PASS"
} | PASS | 607 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The DOCUMENT states that the hallmark of acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) is 'multiple, symmetric brain lesions located in the thalami bilaterally, putamina, deep periventricular white matter, cerebellum, and brainstem.'",
"The ANSWER provided is 'multiple, symmetric brain lesions located in the thalami bilaterally, putamina, deep periventricular white matter, cerebellum, and brainstem.'",
"The ANSWER directly matches the description given in the DOCUMENT without adding or contradicting any information."
],
"SCORE": "PASS"
} | PASS | 203 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The DOCUMENT states that Tamiflu (oseltamivir) is a representative NA (neuraminidase) inhibitor.",
"The ANSWER correctly identifies Tamiflu as an NA inhibitor.",
"The ANSWER does not provide any additional information beyond what is stated in the DOCUMENT.",
"The ANSWER does not contradict any information provided in the DOCUMENT."
],
"SCORE": "PASS"
} | PASS | 332 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The DOCUMENT states: 'We recently estimated that more than 75,000 infections may have occurred in Wuhan as at 25 January 2020.'",
"The ANSWER provided is '75,000'.",
"The ANSWER does not contradict the DOCUMENT.",
"The ANSWER does not offer new information beyond the context provided in the DOCUMENT."
],
"SCORE": "PASS"
} | PASS | 1,539 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The DOCUMENT states that COVID-19 is caused by a coronavirus, which is a large family of viruses common in many species, including camels, cattle, cats, and bats.",
"However, it specifically mentions that the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which causes COVID-19, is a betacoronavirus like MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV, and all three of these viruses have their origins in bats.",
"The ANSWER 'camels' is incorrect because the DOCUMENT clearly indicates that the likely origin of the COVID-19 virus is bats, not camels."
],
"SCORE": "FAIL"
} | FAIL | 1,309 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The DOCUMENT clearly states that the large epidemic in La Reunion Islands was vectored by Ae. albopictus, not Ae. aegypti.",
"The text mentions that the epidemic in La Reunion Islands spurred the discovery of Ae. albopictus as a new vector species.",
"It also specifies that Ae. albopictus became the main vector for CHIKV in the Indian Ocean Islands, including La Reunion.",
"The ANSWER 'Ae. aegypti' contradicts the information provided in the DOCUMENT."
],
"SCORE": "FAIL"
} | FAIL | 1,236 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The provided answer lists complications associated with CHIKV as cardiovascular decompensation, respiratory failure, meningoencephalitis, severe acute hepatitis, severe cutaneous effects, other central nervous system problems, and kidney failure.",
"The DOCUMENT states: 'Other complications associated with CHIKV, from most common to least common, include respiratory failure, cardiovascular decompensation, meningoencephalitis, severe acute hepatitis, severe cutaneous effects, other central nervous system problems, and kidney failure.'",
"The order of complications in the provided answer is slightly different from the order in the DOCUMENT.",
"The provided answer does not introduce new information or contradict the DOCUMENT."
],
"SCORE": "PASS"
} | FAIL | 1,231 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The provided answer states that the prerequisite for successful emergency preparedness for an epidemic is the 'connectedness between health professionals, technological devices, and knowledge.'",
"The DOCUMENT does mention the importance of connectedness between health professionals, technological devices, and knowledge as a prerequisite for successful preparedness. Specifically, it states that 'successful planning, training, and implementation of a preparedness plan require such intrinsic connectedness.'",
"The DOCUMENT also discusses the importance of communication, training, and repeated enactment of scenarios for optimal preparedness.",
"The provided answer does not contradict the DOCUMENT and does not introduce new information beyond what is provided in the DOCUMENT."
],
"SCORE": "PASS"
} | PASS | 1,477 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The DOCUMENT states that the White House announced the '15 Days to Slow the Spread' program on March 16.",
"The ANSWER provided is March 15, which is incorrect according to the DOCUMENT.",
"The ANSWER contradicts the information provided in the DOCUMENT."
],
"SCORE": "FAIL"
} | FAIL | 1,301 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The provided answer states that MMHPs are often conserved targets within and between virus families.",
"The DOCUMENT explicitly mentions that MMHPs are often conserved targets within and between virus families.",
"The provided answer does not introduce any new information beyond what is stated in the DOCUMENT.",
"The provided answer does not contradict any information in the DOCUMENT."
],
"SCORE": "PASS"
} | PASS | 1,816 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The QUESTION asks about what regulates the broad, but less specific, virus-cell interaction in a hepatitis B infection.",
"The DOCUMENT states that 'the heparan sulfates in the membrane proteins mediate the broad, but less specific, virus-cell interaction.'",
"The ANSWER provided is 'heparan sulfates in the membrane proteins.'",
"The ANSWER directly matches the information provided in the DOCUMENT without adding or contradicting any details."
],
"SCORE": "PASS"
} | PASS | 35 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The DOCUMENT states that 'patients with underlying medical conditions and the elderly are more likely to become severely ill, require hospitalization, and ultimately die.'",
"The ANSWER mentions 'patients with underlying medical conditions and young children,' which is not consistent with the DOCUMENT.",
"The DOCUMENT does not mention young children as being at greater risk of dying from COVID-19."
],
"SCORE": "FAIL"
} | FAIL | 1,973 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The DOCUMENT states: 'The emergence and outbreak of a newly discovered acute respiratory disease in Wuhan, China, has affected greater than 40,000 people, and killed more than 1,000 as of Feb. 10, 2020.'",
"The ANSWER provided is 'greater than 40,000'.",
"The ANSWER is consistent with the information provided in the DOCUMENT."
],
"SCORE": "PASS"
} | PASS | 613 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The DOCUMENT states that the structural analysis of orf8 was performed using PSI-blast-based secondary structure PREDiction (PSIPRED).",
"The DOCUMENT also mentions that multiple alignment was performed using CLUSTAL 2.1, but this was not specifically for the structural analysis of orf8.",
"The ANSWER only mentions the use of CLUSTAL 2.1 for multiple alignment, which is not the complete method used for the structural analysis of orf8 as described in the DOCUMENT."
],
"SCORE": "FAIL"
} | FAIL | 1,931 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The provided ANSWER lists several viruses linked with diseases that are found in bats.",
"The DOCUMENT mentions that bats harbor many viruses, including potential human-infecting coronaviruses (HKU-1, 4, 5, and 9), MERS-CoV, paramyxoviruses, reoviruses, filoviruses, and lyssaviruses (including rabies virus).",
"The DOCUMENT specifically states that lyssaviruses have been linked with severe fatal human cases.",
"The ANSWER does not introduce any new information beyond what is provided in the DOCUMENT.",
"The ANSWER does not contradict any information provided in the DOCUMENT."
],
"SCORE": "PASS"
} | PASS | 1,855 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The DOCUMENT states that the hallmark of acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) is 'multiple, symmetric brain lesions located in the thalami bilaterally, putamina, deep periventricular white matter, cerebellum, and brainstem.'",
"The ANSWER provided is 'multiple, asymmetric brain lesions located in the thalami bilaterally, putamina, deep periventricular white matter, cerebellum, and brainstem.'",
"The key discrepancy is the term 'asymmetric' in the ANSWER, whereas the DOCUMENT specifies 'symmetric' lesions."
],
"SCORE": "FAIL"
} | FAIL | 203 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The DOCUMENT states that the major distinction between SARSr-CoV and SARS-CoV is in orf3b, Spike, and orf8, with particular variability in Spike S1 and orf8.",
"The ANSWER correctly identifies orf3b, Spike, and orf8 as areas of distinction.",
"However, the ANSWER incorrectly mentions Spike S2 instead of Spike S1 as the variable region.",
"The DOCUMENT specifically highlights Spike S1, not Spike S2, as being especially variable and a recombination hot spot."
],
"SCORE": "FAIL"
} | FAIL | 1,936 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The DOCUMENT explicitly mentions that the Old World (OW) complex of Arenaviridae includes the Lassa virus.",
"The DOCUMENT does not mention the Mopeia virus as part of the Old World complex.",
"The Mopeia virus is mentioned in the context of cross-reactivity with Lassa virus in serological assays, but not as a member of the Old World complex."
],
"SCORE": "FAIL"
} | FAIL | 376 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The DOCUMENT states that the serious question raised was whether or not our seasonal or pandemic flu might have another reservoir host.",
"The ANSWER states that the serious question raised was whether or not our seasonal or pandemic flu might have a human reservoir host.",
"The DOCUMENT does not specify that the potential reservoir host in question is human; it only mentions 'another reservoir host'.",
"The ANSWER introduces the specific idea of a 'human reservoir host', which is not mentioned in the DOCUMENT."
],
"SCORE": "FAIL"
} | FAIL | 1,853 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The QUESTION asks for the 1-year survival rate for colorectal cancer patients.",
"The DOCUMENT states that the 1-year relative survival rate for patients suffering from colorectal cancer is 83.2%.",
"The ANSWER provided is 82.3%, which does not match the 83.2% stated in the DOCUMENT.",
"The ANSWER is not faithful to the DOCUMENT as it provides an incorrect survival rate."
],
"SCORE": "FAIL"
} | FAIL | 423 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The DOCUMENT states that the human SARS-CoV and intermediate host palm civet SARS-like CoV shared 99.8% homology, with a total of 202 single-nucleotide (nt) variations (SNVs) identified across the genome.",
"The ANSWER incorrectly states the homology as 99.5%, which is not consistent with the DOCUMENT.",
"The number of single-nucleotide variations (202) is correctly mentioned in the ANSWER."
],
"SCORE": "FAIL"
} | FAIL | 616 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The DOCUMENT clearly states that the designed derivatives were filtered by Lipinski's 'Rule of five'.",
"The 'Rule of five' is explicitly mentioned in the context of setting criteria for drug-like properties.",
"The ANSWER incorrectly refers to 'Lipinski's Rule of three', which is not mentioned anywhere in the DOCUMENT."
],
"SCORE": "FAIL"
} | FAIL | 72 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The provided answer states that indoor air pollution from use of solid or biomass fuels increases odds of pneumonia by 2.6 times.",
"The DOCUMENT states that indoor air pollution from use of solid or biomass fuels increases odds of pneumonia by 1.6 times.",
"The provided answer also states that lack of measles vaccination by the end of the first year of age increases odds of pneumonia by 1.8 times.",
"The DOCUMENT confirms that lack of measles vaccination by the end of the first year of age increases odds of pneumonia by 1.8 times.",
"The provided answer contains a discrepancy in the odds ratio for indoor air pollution compared to the DOCUMENT."
],
"SCORE": "FAIL"
} | FAIL | 126 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The DOCUMENT states that Dr. Feng Gao's rebuttal paper used careful bioinformatics analyses to demonstrate that the original claim of multiple HIV insertions into the SARS-CoV-2 is not HIV-1 specific but random.",
"The ANSWER incorrectly states that the original claim of multiple HIV insertions into the SARS-CoV-2 is HIV-1 specific and not random.",
"This directly contradicts the information provided in the DOCUMENT."
],
"SCORE": "FAIL"
} | FAIL | 633 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The DOCUMENT states that the Flower Pollination Algorithm (FPA) is an optimization algorithm proposed by Yang, which was inspired by the flow pollination process of the flowering plants.",
"The ANSWER correctly states that the FPA optimization algorithm is inspired by the flow pollination process of the flowering plants.",
"There is no contradiction between the ANSWER and the DOCUMENT.",
"The ANSWER does not offer new information beyond the context provided in the DOCUMENT."
],
"SCORE": "PASS"
} | PASS | 523 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The DOCUMENT states that serum samples were obtained from 31 patients with serological markers for HCV.",
"The ANSWER states that 32 patients were studied.",
"There is a discrepancy between the number of patients mentioned in the DOCUMENT (31) and the ANSWER (32)."
],
"SCORE": "FAIL"
} | FAIL | 356 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The DOCUMENT states that hepcidin plays an active role in the regulation of Fe release from macrophages and in the control of excessive Fe absorption from the duodenum.",
"The ANSWER, 'control of excessive Fe absorption,' directly aligns with the information provided in the DOCUMENT.",
"The ANSWER does not introduce any new information or contradict the DOCUMENT."
],
"SCORE": "PASS"
} | PASS | 195 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The DOCUMENT states that 'People who are mildly ill with COVID-19 are able to isolate at home during their illness.'",
"The ANSWER 'isolate at home during their illness' directly reflects this guidance from the DOCUMENT.",
"The ANSWER does not introduce any new information or contradict the DOCUMENT."
],
"SCORE": "PASS"
} | PASS | 1,302 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The DOCUMENT states that 'recent efforts indicate the true number may be in the millions and many harbour zoonotic potential.'",
"The ANSWER states 'the true number may be in the thousands and many harbour zoonotic potential.'",
"The ANSWER contradicts the DOCUMENT by significantly underestimating the number of human and avian infectious viruses."
],
"SCORE": "FAIL"
} | FAIL | 1,846 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The provided answer states that the approach will be used globally to help identify evidence of widespread community transmission and to monitor the intensity of disease transmission, trends, and its geographical spread.",
"The DOCUMENT mentions that existing sentinel primary care based surveillance systems for influenza are being adapted and used to detect community transmission of SARS-CoV-2.",
"The DOCUMENT also states that this approach will be used globally to help identify evidence of widespread community transmission and to monitor the intensity of disease transmission, trends, and its geographical spread.",
"The provided answer is consistent with the information in the DOCUMENT and does not introduce new information or contradict the DOCUMENT."
],
"SCORE": "PASS"
} | PASS | 1,806 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The DOCUMENT states that both CQ and HCQ are weak bases, not weak acids.",
"The DOCUMENT explains that CQ and HCQ elevate the pH of acidic intracellular organelles, such as endosomes/lysosomes, which is essential for membrane fusion.",
"The ANSWER incorrectly states that CQ and HCQ are weak acids that lower the pH, which directly contradicts the information provided in the DOCUMENT."
],
"SCORE": "FAIL"
} | FAIL | 456 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The DOCUMENT states that 'Eighteen months after disease onset, 40% of patients are found to still have anti-CHIKV IgM.'",
"The ANSWER claims that 'Eighteen months after disease onset, 30% of patients are found to still have anti-CHIKV IgM.'",
"The percentage provided in the ANSWER (30%) does not match the percentage provided in the DOCUMENT (40%).",
"Therefore, the ANSWER contradicts the information provided in the DOCUMENT."
],
"SCORE": "FAIL"
} | FAIL | 1,224 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The provided answer states that SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV can cause severe lower respiratory tract infections with acute respiratory distress syndrome and extrapulmonary manifestations.",
"It also mentions specific symptoms such as diarrhea, lymphopenia, deranged liver and renal function tests, and multiorgan dysfunction syndrome.",
"The answer includes the mortality rates for SARS-CoV (~10%) and MERS-CoV (~35%).",
"All these details are present in the DOCUMENT, specifically in the section discussing the clinical manifestations and mortality rates of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV."
],
"SCORE": "PASS"
} | PASS | 1,924 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The DOCUMENT states that two IFN-cinducible factors exhibit broad-spectrum inhibition of IAV, measles (MV), zika (ZikV) and HIV by suppressing furin activity.",
"The ANSWER incorrectly states that these factors exhibit broad-spectrum inhibition by enhancing furin activity.",
"This is a direct contradiction of the information provided in the DOCUMENT."
],
"SCORE": "FAIL"
} | FAIL | 1,838 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The DOCUMENT mentions that frequent displacement and limited contact information may prevent effective contact tracing.",
"The ANSWER states that limited healthcare worker training and inadequate personal protective equipment can prevent contact tracing.",
"While the DOCUMENT does mention challenges related to healthcare worker training and personal protective equipment, it does not explicitly link these issues to the prevention of contact tracing.",
"The ANSWER introduces new information that is not directly supported by the DOCUMENT regarding the specific prevention of contact tracing."
],
"SCORE": "FAIL"
} | FAIL | 1,985 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The DOCUMENT states that HCoV-OC43 is the most common species among adults.",
"The ANSWER provided is HCoV-229E, which contradicts the information in the DOCUMENT.",
"The DOCUMENT mentions that HCoV-229E is one of the common strains but not the most common."
],
"SCORE": "FAIL"
} | FAIL | 28 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The QUESTION asks for the R0 of SARS in the absence of control measures.",
"The DOCUMENT states: 'R0 for SARS was estimated at around 3 in the absence of control measures.'",
"The ANSWER provided is '3', which matches the information given in the DOCUMENT."
],
"SCORE": "PASS"
} | PASS | 782 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The DOCUMENT discusses the use of molecular and serological tests for detecting 2019-nCoV.",
"It mentions the use of qPCR for detecting viral RNA in oral swabs, anal swabs, and blood.",
"The DOCUMENT also highlights the importance of serological tests (IgM and IgG) for improving detection rates.",
"The ANSWER only mentions PCR testing, which is a type of molecular test, but does not include serological tests.",
"The DOCUMENT clearly states that both molecular and serological tests are needed for comprehensive epidemiology."
],
"SCORE": "FAIL"
} | FAIL | 1,749 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The QUESTION asks about the implications of a shorter mean serial interval.",
"The DOCUMENT states that a potentially shorter mean serial interval would correspond to a slightly lower basic reproductive number.",
"The ANSWER provided is 'slightly lower basic reproductive number.'",
"The ANSWER is directly derived from the DOCUMENT and does not introduce new information or contradict the DOCUMENT."
],
"SCORE": "PASS"
} | PASS | 1,536 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The DOCUMENT states that 53% of bacteriologically confirmed cases and 45% of sputum positive cases did not present with persistent cough.",
"The DOCUMENT also mentions that nearly half of bacteriologically confirmed cases reported no symptoms in the last six months.",
"However, the ANSWER states that a large proportion of TB patients did not present any symptoms, which is a broader claim than what is supported by the DOCUMENT.",
"The DOCUMENT specifies that the lack of persistent cough was the notable finding, not the complete absence of symptoms."
],
"SCORE": "FAIL"
} | FAIL | 67 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The DOCUMENT states: 'There is a mean 5-day delay from symptom onset to detection/hospitalization of a case (the cases detected in Thailand and Japan were hospitalized from 3 to 7 days after onset, respectively)'.",
"The ANSWER provided is '5-day'.",
"The ANSWER is directly supported by the information in the DOCUMENT.",
"The ANSWER does not introduce any new information or contradict the DOCUMENT."
],
"SCORE": "PASS"
} | PASS | 1,490 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The DOCUMENT states that 'Diplomacy bridging long-standing mistrust of public health and biomedical interventions and facilitating engagement with contentious actors is a necessary component of effective health governance in complex crisis settings.'",
"The ANSWER directly quotes this statement from the DOCUMENT.",
"The ANSWER does not introduce any new information or contradict the DOCUMENT."
],
"SCORE": "PASS"
} | PASS | 2,002 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The QUESTION asks for the location of the Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory.",
"The DOCUMENT states that the Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory (VRDL) is part of the California Department of Public Health (CDPH).",
"The ANSWER provided is 'CDPH'.",
"The ANSWER 'CDPH' is not a location but an organization.",
"The DOCUMENT does not provide a specific physical location for the VRDL, only that it is part of the CDPH."
],
"SCORE": "FAIL"
} | PASS | 296 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The DOCUMENT states that the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was first isolated in 2012, not 2013.",
"The ANSWER incorrectly states the year of isolation as 2013.",
"The rest of the information in the ANSWER about the 60-year-old man in Jeddah is consistent with the DOCUMENT."
],
"SCORE": "FAIL"
} | FAIL | 156 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The DOCUMENT states that the spread of SARS-CoV at Amoy Gardens was attributed to faecal-oral, then airborne, spread through pressure differentials between contaminated effluent pipes, bathroom floor drains, and flushing toilets.",
"The ANSWER mentions 'pressure differentials between contaminated effluent pipes, bathroom floor drains and flushing toilets,' which is consistent with the information provided in the DOCUMENT.",
"The ANSWER does not introduce any new information or contradict the DOCUMENT."
],
"SCORE": "PASS"
} | PASS | 1,545 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The DOCUMENT states that the delay in identifying the index cases of the two clusters in France and Germany resulted in longer times to hospitalisation for locally acquired cases.",
"The DOCUMENT provides specific data for the German cluster, indicating that the first three cases detected locally were hospitalised in a mean of 5.7 days, whereas the following six cases were hospitalised in a mean of 2 days.",
"The ANSWER accurately reflects this information without adding new details or contradicting the DOCUMENT."
],
"SCORE": "PASS"
} | PASS | 1,779 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The DOCUMENT states that the capture antibodies used in the study were 4D5, 2B5, 1F1, 2B8, 4F9, and 4E11.",
"The ANSWER lists the capture antibodies as 4D5, 2B5, 1F1, 2B8, 4F9, and 2A10.",
"The DOCUMENT does mention 2A10, but it is used as a detection antibody, not a capture antibody.",
"The ANSWER incorrectly includes 2A10 as a capture antibody and omits 4E11, which is listed as a capture antibody in the DOCUMENT."
],
"SCORE": "FAIL"
} | FAIL | 47 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The DOCUMENT states that the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) emerged and evolved in the Middle East in 2012.",
"The ANSWER provided is '2012', which matches the year mentioned in the DOCUMENT for the MERS epidemic.",
"There is no contradiction or additional information in the ANSWER that is not supported by the DOCUMENT."
],
"SCORE": "PASS"
} | PASS | 775 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The QUESTION asks for the proportion of healthcare workers who reported symptoms of depression.",
"The DOCUMENT states that 634 out of 1257 participants reported symptoms of depression, which is 50.4%.",
"The ANSWER provided is 45.4%, which does not match the 50.4% stated in the DOCUMENT."
],
"SCORE": "FAIL"
} | FAIL | 459 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The DOCUMENT mentions that effective mucosal immune response requires serum IgG and mucosal SIgA.",
"The ANSWER only mentions serum IgA and mucosal SIgA.",
"The DOCUMENT does not mention serum IgA as a factor for effective mucosal immune response.",
"The DOCUMENT specifically highlights serum IgG, not serum IgA, as important for systemic immune responses."
],
"SCORE": "FAIL"
} | FAIL | 762 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The DOCUMENT states that the S1 subunit of the spike glycoprotein contains a signal peptide, followed by an N-terminal domain (NTD) and receptor-binding domain (RBD).",
"The DOCUMENT also states that the S2 subunit contains conserved fusion peptide (FP), heptad repeat (HR) 1 and 2, transmembrane domain (TM), and cytoplasmic domain (CP).",
"The ANSWER accurately reflects the information provided in the DOCUMENT without adding any new information or contradicting the DOCUMENT."
],
"SCORE": "PASS"
} | PASS | 1,937 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The DOCUMENT mentions that 'Réseau Sentinelles' is a network of 1300 general practitioners in France.",
"This network provides real-time clinical data used to evaluate regional and national influenza spreading.",
"The ANSWER 'Réseau Sentinelles' directly corresponds to the information provided in the DOCUMENT."
],
"SCORE": "PASS"
} | PASS | 416 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The DOCUMENT states that the enterovirus polyprotein can be divided into one structural (P1-capsid) and two nonstructural (P2 and P3) regions.",
"The ANSWER incorrectly mentions three nonstructural regions (P2, P3, and P4).",
"There is no mention of a P4 region in the DOCUMENT."
],
"SCORE": "FAIL"
} | FAIL | 299 |
{
"REASONING": [
"The DOCUMENT states that early identification of 2019-nCoV infection presents a major challenge for frontline clinicians.",
"The DOCUMENT explains that the clinical symptoms of 2019-nCoV largely overlap with those of common acute respiratory illnesses, making it difficult to distinguish between them.",
"The DOCUMENT also mentions that asymptomatic cases and lack of diagnosis kits result in delayed or missed diagnoses.",
"The ANSWER claims that early identification of 2019-nCoV infection is straightforward for frontline clinicians, which directly contradicts the information provided in the DOCUMENT."
],
"SCORE": "FAIL"
} | FAIL | 538 |