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[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1788, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\nnated place within West Windsor . Silver Spring , Maryland , ( 20815 , 20901 -- 20912 ) is neither a city nor a town , but simply the common name for an unincorporated area consisting of a large part of the lower southern portion of Montgomery County . </P> <P> Postal designations for place names become de facto locations for their addresses , and as a result , it is difficult to convince residents and businesses that they are located in another city or town different from the preferred place name associated with their ZIP Codes . Because of issues of confusion and lack of identity , some cities , such as Signal Hill , California , ( an enclave located entirely inside the separate city of Long Beach ) have successfully petitioned the Postal Service to change ZIP Code boundaries or create new ZIP Codes so their cities become the preferred place name for addresses within the ZIP Code . </P> <P> Postal designation confusion may have financial implications for local governments because mail volume is one factor used by the U.S. Census Bureau to estimate population changes between decennial census enumerations . Sometimes local officials in a community that is not the preferred place name for a ZIP Code but is an acceptable place name will advise residents to always use the name of the community , because if the census estimate of that town 's population is low they may receive fewer funds that are computed based on population . A typical example is Paddock Lake , Wisconsin , whose preferred place name is Salem . Paddock Lake is incorporated as a village within the town of Salem , even though there are more people in the village of Paddock Lake than there are in the unincorporated parts of the town of Salem . Further confusion is caused because Silver Lake , Wisconsin , which is also a village in the town of Salem and is of similar size and status to Paddock Lake , has its own ZIP Code and post office . </P> <P> In another case , the U.S. Federal Communications Commission ( FCC ) denied a radio station ( now WNNX FM ) a move requiring a change in its city of license to Sandy Springs , Georgia , largely because it was not a city ( until municipal incorporation in late 2005 ) , despite being the seventh - largest place in the state by population . The FCC cited the use of `` Atlanta '' on letters of support from local organizations , even though the USPS forced them to use Atlanta for 30328 until well after incorporation took effect . Currently `` Sandy Springs '' is only acceptable , despite none of 30328 being in Atlanta , or anywhere else outside the Sandy Springs city limit . This even applies to the ZIP Code used only for PO boxes at the Sandy Springs main post office . </P> <P> Because ZIP Codes and their associated place names can ignore county lines , problems may occur where street addresses are based on quadrant location within a county . For example , 30339 spans over Vinings , Georgia and Atlanta , Georgia , in southeastern Cobb County ; therefore every street address is labeled SE , and has a house number on that county 's grid ( according to the distance from the town square in the county seat ) . However , because the USPS demands the use of Atlanta , Vining 's addresses are written such that they appear to be in southeast Atlanta , instead of in the opposite ( northwest metro Atlanta ) side . </P> Division and reallocation of ZIP Codes ( edit ) <P> Like area codes , ZIP codes are sometimes divided and changed , especially when a rural area becomes suburban . Typically , the new codes become effective once announced , and a grace period ( e.g. , one year ) is provided in which the new and old codes are used concurrently so that postal patrons in the affected area can notify correspondents , order new stationery , etc . </P> <P> In rapidly growing communities , it is sometimes necessary to open a new sectional center facility , which must then be allocated its own three - digit ZIP - code prefix or prefixes . Such allocation can be done in various ways . For example , when a new sectional center facility was opened at Dulles Airport in Virginia , the prefix 201 was allocated to that facility ; therefore , for all post offices to be served by that sectional center facility the ZIP Code changed from an old code beginning with 220 or 221 to a new code or codes beginning with 201 . However , when a new sectional center facility was opened to serve Montgomery County , Maryland , no new prefix was assigned . Instead , ZIP Codes in the 207 and 208 ranges , which had previously been assigned alphabetically , were reshuffled so that 207xx ZIP Codes in the county was changed to 208xx codes , while 208xx codes outside that county were changed to 207xx codes . Because Silver Spring ( whose postal area includes Wheaton ) has its own prefix , 209 , there was no need to apply the reshuffling to Silver Spring ; instead , all mail going to 209xx ZIP Codes was simply rerouted to the new sectional center facility . </P> <P> On the other hand , depopulation may cause a post office to close and its associated ZIP Code to be deallocated . For example , Centralia , Pennsylvania 's ZIP Code , 17927 , was retired in 2002 . </P> <P> Elkins Park , Pennsylvania , was originally issued the 19117 ZIP Code , although it lies in Montgomery County , Pennsylvania . Because of the 191 prefix , which is found only in Philadelphia with that lone exception , auto insurance companies charged higher city premiums to that suburban location . For that reason , residents petitioned the USPS for a 190 - prefix ZIP Code , which is common to the inner - ring Pennsylvania suburbs of that city , and , after several attempts that were initially disapproved by the USPS , Elkins Park was finally reassigned to the 19027 ZIP Code . </P> <P> ZIP Codes also change when postal boundaries are realigned . For example , at the same time at which the above - noted change in Montgomery County , Maryland , took place , and under pressure from then - mayor of Washington , D.C. , Marion Barry , the USPS realigned the postal boundaries between Washington , D.C. and Maryland to match the boundary . Previously , many inner suburbs , such as Bethesda and Takoma Park , Oxon Hill , Temple Hills , Suitland , and Capitol Heights had been in the Washington , D.C. , postal area . As a result of the change , ZIP Codes in Maryland beginning with 200 were changed to new ZIP Codes beginning with 207 , 208 or 209 , depending on their location , and ZIP Codes straddling the D.C. - Maryland line were split . For example , 20016 ( Bethesda ) became 20816 , while the Maryland portion of 20012 ( Takoma Park ) became 20912 . </P> <H2> Other uses ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Delivery Services ( edit ) </H3> <P> Delivery services other than the USPS , such as FedEx , United Parcel Service , and DHL , require a ZIP Code for optimal internal routing of a package . </P> <H3> Statistics ( edit ) </H3> <P> There are over 42,000 ZIP Codes in the United States . ZIP Codes are used not only for tracking of mail \n\nQuestion:\nhow many 5 digit zip codes in the us\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "over 42,000" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1788, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nhow many 5 digit zip codes in the us\n\nDocument:\nnated place within West Windsor . Silver Spring , Maryland , ( 20815 , 20901 -- 20912 ) is neither a city nor a town , but simply the common name for an unincorporated area consisting of a large part of the lower southern portion of Montgomery County . </P> <P> Postal designations for place names become de facto locations for their addresses , and as a result , it is difficult to convince residents and businesses that they are located in another city or town different from the preferred place name associated with their ZIP Codes . Because of issues of confusion and lack of identity , some cities , such as Signal Hill , California , ( an enclave located entirely inside the separate city of Long Beach ) have successfully petitioned the Postal Service to change ZIP Code boundaries or create new ZIP Codes so their cities become the preferred place name for addresses within the ZIP Code . </P> <P> Postal designation confusion may have financial implications for local governments because mail volume is one factor used by the U.S. Census Bureau to estimate population changes between decennial census enumerations . Sometimes local officials in a community that is not the preferred place name for a ZIP Code but is an acceptable place name will advise residents to always use the name of the community , because if the census estimate of that town 's population is low they may receive fewer funds that are computed based on population . A typical example is Paddock Lake , Wisconsin , whose preferred place name is Salem . Paddock Lake is incorporated as a village within the town of Salem , even though there are more people in the village of Paddock Lake than there are in the unincorporated parts of the town of Salem . Further confusion is caused because Silver Lake , Wisconsin , which is also a village in the town of Salem and is of similar size and status to Paddock Lake , has its own ZIP Code and post office . </P> <P> In another case , the U.S. Federal Communications Commission ( FCC ) denied a radio station ( now WNNX FM ) a move requiring a change in its city of license to Sandy Springs , Georgia , largely because it was not a city ( until municipal incorporation in late 2005 ) , despite being the seventh - largest place in the state by population . The FCC cited the use of `` Atlanta '' on letters of support from local organizations , even though the USPS forced them to use Atlanta for 30328 until well after incorporation took effect . Currently `` Sandy Springs '' is only acceptable , despite none of 30328 being in Atlanta , or anywhere else outside the Sandy Springs city limit . This even applies to the ZIP Code used only for PO boxes at the Sandy Springs main post office . </P> <P> Because ZIP Codes and their associated place names can ignore county lines , problems may occur where street addresses are based on quadrant location within a county . For example , 30339 spans over Vinings , Georgia and Atlanta , Georgia , in southeastern Cobb County ; therefore every street address is labeled SE , and has a house number on that county 's grid ( according to the distance from the town square in the county seat ) . However , because the USPS demands the use of Atlanta , Vining 's addresses are written such that they appear to be in southeast Atlanta , instead of in the opposite ( northwest metro Atlanta ) side . </P> Division and reallocation of ZIP Codes ( edit ) <P> Like area codes , ZIP codes are sometimes divided and changed , especially when a rural area becomes suburban . Typically , the new codes become effective once announced , and a grace period ( e.g. , one year ) is provided in which the new and old codes are used concurrently so that postal patrons in the affected area can notify correspondents , order new stationery , etc . </P> <P> In rapidly growing communities , it is sometimes necessary to open a new sectional center facility , which must then be allocated its own three - digit ZIP - code prefix or prefixes . Such allocation can be done in various ways . For example , when a new sectional center facility was opened at Dulles Airport in Virginia , the prefix 201 was allocated to that facility ; therefore , for all post offices to be served by that sectional center facility the ZIP Code changed from an old code beginning with 220 or 221 to a new code or codes beginning with 201 . However , when a new sectional center facility was opened to serve Montgomery County , Maryland , no new prefix was assigned . Instead , ZIP Codes in the 207 and 208 ranges , which had previously been assigned alphabetically , were reshuffled so that 207xx ZIP Codes in the county was changed to 208xx codes , while 208xx codes outside that county were changed to 207xx codes . Because Silver Spring ( whose postal area includes Wheaton ) has its own prefix , 209 , there was no need to apply the reshuffling to Silver Spring ; instead , all mail going to 209xx ZIP Codes was simply rerouted to the new sectional center facility . </P> <P> On the other hand , depopulation may cause a post office to close and its associated ZIP Code to be deallocated . For example , Centralia , Pennsylvania 's ZIP Code , 17927 , was retired in 2002 . </P> <P> Elkins Park , Pennsylvania , was originally issued the 19117 ZIP Code , although it lies in Montgomery County , Pennsylvania . Because of the 191 prefix , which is found only in Philadelphia with that lone exception , auto insurance companies charged higher city premiums to that suburban location . For that reason , residents petitioned the USPS for a 190 - prefix ZIP Code , which is common to the inner - ring Pennsylvania suburbs of that city , and , after several attempts that were initially disapproved by the USPS , Elkins Park was finally reassigned to the 19027 ZIP Code . </P> <P> ZIP Codes also change when postal boundaries are realigned . For example , at the same time at which the above - noted change in Montgomery County , Maryland , took place , and under pressure from then - mayor of Washington , D.C. , Marion Barry , the USPS realigned the postal boundaries between Washington , D.C. and Maryland to match the boundary . Previously , many inner suburbs , such as Bethesda and Takoma Park , Oxon Hill , Temple Hills , Suitland , and Capitol Heights had been in the Washington , D.C. , postal area . As a result of the change , ZIP Codes in Maryland beginning with 200 were changed to new ZIP Codes beginning with 207 , 208 or 209 , depending on their location , and ZIP Codes straddling the D.C. - Maryland line were split . For example , 20016 ( Bethesda ) became 20816 , while the Maryland portion of 20012 ( Takoma Park ) became 20912 . </P> <H2> Other uses ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Delivery Services ( edit ) </H3> <P> Delivery services other than the USPS , such as FedEx , United Parcel Service , and DHL , require a ZIP Code for optimal internal routing of a package . </P> <H3> Statistics ( edit ) </H3> <P> There are over 42,000 ZIP Codes in the United States . ZIP Codes are used not only for tracking of mail \n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "over 42,000" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1897, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\ntuart Clarke </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Notable aliases </Th> <Td> The Beaut , The Heavy </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Abilities </Th> <Td> Experienced street fighter Exceptional strategist and tactician Highly charismatic criminal organizer Wears a special exoskeleton </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Jigsaw ( William `` Billy '' Russo , also known as Billy `` The Beaut '' Russo before his disfigurement ) is a fictional character , gangster , and supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . Created by writer Len Wein and artist Ross Andru , the character made his first full appearance in The Amazing Spider - Man # 162 ( November 1976 ) . </P> <P> Billy Russo is portrayed by Ben Barnes in the Netflix TV series The Punisher set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Publication history </Li> <Li> 2 Fictional character biography </Li> <Li> 3 Powers and abilities </Li> <Li> 4 Other versions <Ul> <Li> 4.1 2099 </Li> <Li> 4.2 Crossovers </Li> <Li> 4.3 Earth X </Li> <Li> 4.4 Marvel MAX </Li> <Li> 4.5 Marvel Noir </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 In other media <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Television </Li> <Li> 5.2 Film </Li> <Li> 5.3 Video games </Li> <Li> 5.4 Toys </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> <Li> 7 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Publication history ( edit ) </H2> <P> Jigsaw was created by writer Len Wein and artist Ross Andru . He first appeared in The Amazing Spider - Man # 162 ( November 1976 ) . He returned in The Amazing Spider - Man # 188 , and The Punisher # 1 and # 4 -- 5 . Jigsaw then allied with the Rev in The Punisher Vol. 2 , # 35 -- 40 , and Gregario in # 55 -- 56 . Following a cameo appearance in The Punisher War Journal # 61 , Jigsaw 's origin was detailed in Issues # 3 -- 4 of the prequel limited series The Punisher : Year One , and he further bedeviled the Punisher in Punisher Vol. 3 , # 2 -- 4 and # 9 -- 10 . </P> <P> Preceding an encounter with the eponymous character in Daredevil Vol. 2 , # 61 -- 64 , Jigsaw appeared in The New Avengers # 1 -- 3 , # 35 , # 46 , # 50 , # 57 , and The New Avengers Annual # 2 ; concurrent to his appearances in that title , Jigsaw also starred in Punisher War Journal Vol. 2 , # 11 , # 18 -- 20 , and # 22 -- 23 . He was then featured in the five - issue miniseries Punisher : In the Blood , and made a subsequent cameo in the Thunderbolts Vol. 2 Annual . </P> <P> Jigsaw received profiles in The Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe # 6 , The Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe Master Edition # 10 , Marvel Encyclopedia # 4 and # 5 , The New Avengers Most Wanted Files # 1 , and Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe A -- Z # 6 . </P> <H2> Fictional character biography ( edit ) </H2> <P> Billy Russo was born to a poor Italian - American family , kicked out and abandoned as an orphan by his abusive father at the age of ten , and went on to become a hitman for New York 's Italian criminal underworld , where his good looks garnered him the nickname `` the Beaut '' . He also married a woman named Susan , and would beat both her and their son , Henry , once forcing Henry to drown his pet cat 's kittens by threatening to shoot Susan . After the botched gangland execution that inadvertently led to the Castle family being massacred , Russo is hired by Frank Costa to assassinate all those connected to the Castles . Russo kills all of his targets but Frank Castle , who survives the bomb that Russo had planted in Castle 's home . Hours later , the Punisher ( Frank Castle ) tracks Russo down to a Maggia nightclub . The Punisher guns down all of Russo 's associates , but leaves him alive to send a message to organized crime after knocking him through a glass pane , an act that reduces Russo 's face to a jigsaw puzzle - like mess of scars . </P> <P> Taking advantage of his hideous visage , the formerly handsome gangster adopts the identity of Jigsaw , and attempts to frame the Punisher for murder . However , the plan fails due to the intervention of Spider - Man and Nightcrawler ; Spider - Man witnesses one of Jigsaw 's murders , and one of his victims is an old friend of Nightcrawler . Jigsaw later battled Spider - Man again . </P> <P> It is revealed in the first Punisher miniseries that Jigsaw was behind a plan to drug the Punisher , causing his enemy to behave erratically and attack any criminals , even for things as minor as littering . Jigsaw also attempts to kill the Punisher in prison . The Punisher confronts and defeats him , and later stops Jigsaw from escaping in a prison riot . Later in the series , Jigsaw is brainwashed by the Trust into serving as a member of a Punisher - style assassination squad . He manages to remember who he is after encountering Castle once again , and attacks the Punisher . He is defeated once more . </P> <P> Jigsaw is broken out of Ryker 's Island by the Rev who has him supervise the importation of a sterility - inducing Venezuelan drug that the Rev intends to test in New York City . When the drug shipment is destroyed by the Punisher , Jigsaw sics a street gang on him , and flees to Venezuela with the Rev. After Jigsaw 's face is healed by the Rev 's powers , he is shot by the Punisher , but resurrected by the Rev , with the assistance of Belasco . Jigsaw 's restored face is destroyed , and he is left for dead in the jungle in a later battle with the Punisher . Jigsaw recovers , and subsequently attempts to illegally reenter the United States , but is arrested and returned to Ryker 's Island . When the Punisher is captured by the authorities and sent to same prison , Jigsaw disfigures and tries to kill him , but the Punisher survives , and escapes from Ryker 's . </P> <P> After the Punisher is arrested and sentenced to death , Jigsaw dons a stylized copy of his costume and embarks on a homicidal rampage , targeting all those connected to the execution . When the Punisher is revealed to still be alive , an overjoyed Jigsaw attempts to kill him , but the Punisher overpowers him with the assistance of Daredevil . Jigsaw later partners with various syndicates , and lays siege to the estate of the Geraci crime family , which the Punisher had become the reluc\n\nQuestion:\nwho does billy russo become in the punisher comics\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Jigsaw" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1897, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nwho does billy russo become in the punisher comics\n\nDocument:\ntuart Clarke </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Notable aliases </Th> <Td> The Beaut , The Heavy </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Abilities </Th> <Td> Experienced street fighter Exceptional strategist and tactician Highly charismatic criminal organizer Wears a special exoskeleton </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Jigsaw ( William `` Billy '' Russo , also known as Billy `` The Beaut '' Russo before his disfigurement ) is a fictional character , gangster , and supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . Created by writer Len Wein and artist Ross Andru , the character made his first full appearance in The Amazing Spider - Man # 162 ( November 1976 ) . </P> <P> Billy Russo is portrayed by Ben Barnes in the Netflix TV series The Punisher set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Publication history </Li> <Li> 2 Fictional character biography </Li> <Li> 3 Powers and abilities </Li> <Li> 4 Other versions <Ul> <Li> 4.1 2099 </Li> <Li> 4.2 Crossovers </Li> <Li> 4.3 Earth X </Li> <Li> 4.4 Marvel MAX </Li> <Li> 4.5 Marvel Noir </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 In other media <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Television </Li> <Li> 5.2 Film </Li> <Li> 5.3 Video games </Li> <Li> 5.4 Toys </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> <Li> 7 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Publication history ( edit ) </H2> <P> Jigsaw was created by writer Len Wein and artist Ross Andru . He first appeared in The Amazing Spider - Man # 162 ( November 1976 ) . He returned in The Amazing Spider - Man # 188 , and The Punisher # 1 and # 4 -- 5 . Jigsaw then allied with the Rev in The Punisher Vol. 2 , # 35 -- 40 , and Gregario in # 55 -- 56 . Following a cameo appearance in The Punisher War Journal # 61 , Jigsaw 's origin was detailed in Issues # 3 -- 4 of the prequel limited series The Punisher : Year One , and he further bedeviled the Punisher in Punisher Vol. 3 , # 2 -- 4 and # 9 -- 10 . </P> <P> Preceding an encounter with the eponymous character in Daredevil Vol. 2 , # 61 -- 64 , Jigsaw appeared in The New Avengers # 1 -- 3 , # 35 , # 46 , # 50 , # 57 , and The New Avengers Annual # 2 ; concurrent to his appearances in that title , Jigsaw also starred in Punisher War Journal Vol. 2 , # 11 , # 18 -- 20 , and # 22 -- 23 . He was then featured in the five - issue miniseries Punisher : In the Blood , and made a subsequent cameo in the Thunderbolts Vol. 2 Annual . </P> <P> Jigsaw received profiles in The Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe # 6 , The Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe Master Edition # 10 , Marvel Encyclopedia # 4 and # 5 , The New Avengers Most Wanted Files # 1 , and Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe A -- Z # 6 . </P> <H2> Fictional character biography ( edit ) </H2> <P> Billy Russo was born to a poor Italian - American family , kicked out and abandoned as an orphan by his abusive father at the age of ten , and went on to become a hitman for New York 's Italian criminal underworld , where his good looks garnered him the nickname `` the Beaut '' . He also married a woman named Susan , and would beat both her and their son , Henry , once forcing Henry to drown his pet cat 's kittens by threatening to shoot Susan . After the botched gangland execution that inadvertently led to the Castle family being massacred , Russo is hired by Frank Costa to assassinate all those connected to the Castles . Russo kills all of his targets but Frank Castle , who survives the bomb that Russo had planted in Castle 's home . Hours later , the Punisher ( Frank Castle ) tracks Russo down to a Maggia nightclub . The Punisher guns down all of Russo 's associates , but leaves him alive to send a message to organized crime after knocking him through a glass pane , an act that reduces Russo 's face to a jigsaw puzzle - like mess of scars . </P> <P> Taking advantage of his hideous visage , the formerly handsome gangster adopts the identity of Jigsaw , and attempts to frame the Punisher for murder . However , the plan fails due to the intervention of Spider - Man and Nightcrawler ; Spider - Man witnesses one of Jigsaw 's murders , and one of his victims is an old friend of Nightcrawler . Jigsaw later battled Spider - Man again . </P> <P> It is revealed in the first Punisher miniseries that Jigsaw was behind a plan to drug the Punisher , causing his enemy to behave erratically and attack any criminals , even for things as minor as littering . Jigsaw also attempts to kill the Punisher in prison . The Punisher confronts and defeats him , and later stops Jigsaw from escaping in a prison riot . Later in the series , Jigsaw is brainwashed by the Trust into serving as a member of a Punisher - style assassination squad . He manages to remember who he is after encountering Castle once again , and attacks the Punisher . He is defeated once more . </P> <P> Jigsaw is broken out of Ryker 's Island by the Rev who has him supervise the importation of a sterility - inducing Venezuelan drug that the Rev intends to test in New York City . When the drug shipment is destroyed by the Punisher , Jigsaw sics a street gang on him , and flees to Venezuela with the Rev. After Jigsaw 's face is healed by the Rev 's powers , he is shot by the Punisher , but resurrected by the Rev , with the assistance of Belasco . Jigsaw 's restored face is destroyed , and he is left for dead in the jungle in a later battle with the Punisher . Jigsaw recovers , and subsequently attempts to illegally reenter the United States , but is arrested and returned to Ryker 's Island . When the Punisher is captured by the authorities and sent to same prison , Jigsaw disfigures and tries to kill him , but the Punisher survives , and escapes from Ryker 's . </P> <P> After the Punisher is arrested and sentenced to death , Jigsaw dons a stylized copy of his costume and embarks on a homicidal rampage , targeting all those connected to the execution . When the Punisher is revealed to still be alive , an overjoyed Jigsaw attempts to kill him , but the Punisher overpowers him with the assistance of Daredevil . Jigsaw later partners with various syndicates , and lays siege to the estate of the Geraci crime family , which the Punisher had become the reluc\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Jigsaw" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 2033, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\nJigsaw ( Marvel Comics ) - Wikipedia <H1> Jigsaw ( Marvel Comics ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Jigsaw </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> Jigsaw on the cover of Punisher War Journal Vol. 2 , # 18 ( June 2008 ) Art by Ariel Olivetti </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Publication information </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Publisher </Th> <Td> Marvel Comics </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> First appearance </Th> <Td> Cameo appearance : The Amazing Spider - Man # 161 ( October 1976 ) Full appearance : The Amazing Spider - Man # 162 ( November 1976 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Created by </Th> <Td> Len Wein Ross Andru </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> In - story information </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Full name </Th> <Td> William Russo </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Species </Th> <Td> Human </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Place of origin </Th> <Td> Earth - 616 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Team affiliations </Th> <Td> Maggia Hood 's Crime Syndicate </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Partnerships </Th> <Td> Rev Stuart Clarke </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Notable aliases </Th> <Td> The Beaut , The Heavy </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Abilities </Th> <Td> Experienced street fighter Exceptional strategist and tactician Highly charismatic criminal organizer Wears a special exoskeleton </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Jigsaw ( William `` Billy '' Russo , also known as Billy `` The Beaut '' Russo before his disfigurement ) is a fictional character , gangster , and supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . Created by writer Len Wein and artist Ross Andru , the character made his first full appearance in The Amazing Spider - Man # 162 ( November 1976 ) . </P> <P> Billy Russo is portrayed by Ben Barnes in the Netflix TV series The Punisher set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Publication history </Li> <Li> 2 Fictional character biography </Li> <Li> 3 Powers and abilities </Li> <Li> 4 Other versions <Ul> <Li> 4.1 2099 </Li> <Li> 4.2 Crossovers </Li> <Li> 4.3 Earth X </Li> <Li> 4.4 Marvel MAX </Li> <Li> 4.5 Marvel Noir </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 In other media <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Television </Li> <Li> 5.2 Film </Li> <Li> 5.3 Video games </Li> <Li> 5.4 Toys </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> <Li> 7 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Publication history ( edit ) </H2> <P> Jigsaw was created by writer Len Wein and artist Ross Andru . He first appeared in The Amazing Spider - Man # 162 ( November 1976 ) . He returned in The Amazing Spider - Man # 188 , and The Punisher # 1 and # 4 -- 5 . Jigsaw then allied with the Rev in The Punisher Vol. 2 , # 35 -- 40 , and Gregario in # 55 -- 56 . Following a cameo appearance in The Punisher War Journal # 61 , Jigsaw 's origin was detailed in Issues # 3 -- 4 of the prequel limited series The Punisher : Year One , and he further bedeviled the Punisher in Punisher Vol. 3 , # 2 -- 4 and # 9 -- 10 . </P> <P> Preceding an encounter with the eponymous character in Daredevil Vol. 2 , # 61 -- 64 , Jigsaw appeared in The New Avengers # 1 -- 3 , # 35 , # 46 , # 50 , # 57 , and The New Avengers Annual # 2 ; concurrent to his appearances in that title , Jigsaw also starred in Punisher War Journal Vol. 2 , # 11 , # 18 -- 20 , and # 22 -- 23 . He was then featured in the five - issue miniseries Punisher : In the Blood , and made a subsequent cameo in the Thunderbolts Vol. 2 Annual . </P> <P> Jigsaw received profiles in The Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe # 6 , The Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe Master Edition # 10 , Marvel Encyclopedia # 4 and # 5 , The New Avengers Most Wanted Files # 1 , and Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe A -- Z # 6 . </P> <H2> Fictional character biography ( edit ) </H2> <P> Billy Russo was born to a poor Italian - American family , kicked out and abandoned as an orphan by his abusive father at the age of ten , and went on to become a hitman for New York 's Italian criminal underworld , where his good looks garnered him the nickname `` the Beaut '' . He also married a woman named Susan , and would beat both her and their son , Henry , once forcing Henry to drown his pet cat 's kittens by threatening to shoot Susan . After the botched gangland execution that inadvertently led to the Castle family being massacred , Russo is hired by Frank Costa to assassinate all those connected to the Castles . Russo kills all of his targets but Frank Castle , who survives the bomb that Russo had planted in Castle 's home . Hours later , the Punisher ( Frank Castle ) tracks Russo down to a Maggia nightclub . The Punisher guns down all of Russo 's associates , but leaves him alive to send a message to organized crime after knocking him through a glass pane , an act that reduces Russo 's face to a jigsaw puzzle - like mess of scars . </P> <P> Taking advantage of his hideous visage , the formerly handsome gangster adopts the identity of Jigsaw , and attempts to frame the Punisher for murder . However , the plan fails due to the intervention of Spider - Man and Nightcrawler ; Spider - Man witnesses one of Jigsaw 's murders , and one of his victims is an old friend of Nightcrawler . Jigsaw later battled Spider - Man again . </P> <P> It is revealed in the first Punisher miniseries that Jigsaw was behind a plan to drug the Punisher , causing his enemy to behave erratically and attack any criminals , even for things as minor as littering . Jigsaw also attempts to kill the Punisher in prison . The Punisher confronts and defeats him , and later stops Jigsaw from escaping in a prison riot . Later in the series , Jigsaw is brainwashed by the Trust into serving as a member of a Punisher - style assassination squad . He manages to remember who he is after encountering Castle once again , and attacks the Punisher . He is defeated once more . </P> <P> Jigsaw is broken out of Ryker 's Island by the Rev who has him supervise the importation of a sterility - inducing Venezuelan drug that the Rev intends to test in New York City . When the drug shipment is destroyed by the Punisher , Jigsaw sics a street gang on him , and flees to Venezuela with the Rev. After Jigsaw 's face is healed by the Rev 's powers , he is shot by the Punisher \n\nQuestion:\nwho does billy russo become in the punisher comics\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Jigsaw" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 2033, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nwho does billy russo become in the punisher comics\n\nDocument:\nJigsaw ( Marvel Comics ) - Wikipedia <H1> Jigsaw ( Marvel Comics ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Jigsaw </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> Jigsaw on the cover of Punisher War Journal Vol. 2 , # 18 ( June 2008 ) Art by Ariel Olivetti </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Publication information </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Publisher </Th> <Td> Marvel Comics </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> First appearance </Th> <Td> Cameo appearance : The Amazing Spider - Man # 161 ( October 1976 ) Full appearance : The Amazing Spider - Man # 162 ( November 1976 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Created by </Th> <Td> Len Wein Ross Andru </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> In - story information </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Full name </Th> <Td> William Russo </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Species </Th> <Td> Human </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Place of origin </Th> <Td> Earth - 616 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Team affiliations </Th> <Td> Maggia Hood 's Crime Syndicate </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Partnerships </Th> <Td> Rev Stuart Clarke </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Notable aliases </Th> <Td> The Beaut , The Heavy </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Abilities </Th> <Td> Experienced street fighter Exceptional strategist and tactician Highly charismatic criminal organizer Wears a special exoskeleton </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Jigsaw ( William `` Billy '' Russo , also known as Billy `` The Beaut '' Russo before his disfigurement ) is a fictional character , gangster , and supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . Created by writer Len Wein and artist Ross Andru , the character made his first full appearance in The Amazing Spider - Man # 162 ( November 1976 ) . </P> <P> Billy Russo is portrayed by Ben Barnes in the Netflix TV series The Punisher set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Publication history </Li> <Li> 2 Fictional character biography </Li> <Li> 3 Powers and abilities </Li> <Li> 4 Other versions <Ul> <Li> 4.1 2099 </Li> <Li> 4.2 Crossovers </Li> <Li> 4.3 Earth X </Li> <Li> 4.4 Marvel MAX </Li> <Li> 4.5 Marvel Noir </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 In other media <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Television </Li> <Li> 5.2 Film </Li> <Li> 5.3 Video games </Li> <Li> 5.4 Toys </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> <Li> 7 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Publication history ( edit ) </H2> <P> Jigsaw was created by writer Len Wein and artist Ross Andru . He first appeared in The Amazing Spider - Man # 162 ( November 1976 ) . He returned in The Amazing Spider - Man # 188 , and The Punisher # 1 and # 4 -- 5 . Jigsaw then allied with the Rev in The Punisher Vol. 2 , # 35 -- 40 , and Gregario in # 55 -- 56 . Following a cameo appearance in The Punisher War Journal # 61 , Jigsaw 's origin was detailed in Issues # 3 -- 4 of the prequel limited series The Punisher : Year One , and he further bedeviled the Punisher in Punisher Vol. 3 , # 2 -- 4 and # 9 -- 10 . </P> <P> Preceding an encounter with the eponymous character in Daredevil Vol. 2 , # 61 -- 64 , Jigsaw appeared in The New Avengers # 1 -- 3 , # 35 , # 46 , # 50 , # 57 , and The New Avengers Annual # 2 ; concurrent to his appearances in that title , Jigsaw also starred in Punisher War Journal Vol. 2 , # 11 , # 18 -- 20 , and # 22 -- 23 . He was then featured in the five - issue miniseries Punisher : In the Blood , and made a subsequent cameo in the Thunderbolts Vol. 2 Annual . </P> <P> Jigsaw received profiles in The Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe # 6 , The Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe Master Edition # 10 , Marvel Encyclopedia # 4 and # 5 , The New Avengers Most Wanted Files # 1 , and Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe A -- Z # 6 . </P> <H2> Fictional character biography ( edit ) </H2> <P> Billy Russo was born to a poor Italian - American family , kicked out and abandoned as an orphan by his abusive father at the age of ten , and went on to become a hitman for New York 's Italian criminal underworld , where his good looks garnered him the nickname `` the Beaut '' . He also married a woman named Susan , and would beat both her and their son , Henry , once forcing Henry to drown his pet cat 's kittens by threatening to shoot Susan . After the botched gangland execution that inadvertently led to the Castle family being massacred , Russo is hired by Frank Costa to assassinate all those connected to the Castles . Russo kills all of his targets but Frank Castle , who survives the bomb that Russo had planted in Castle 's home . Hours later , the Punisher ( Frank Castle ) tracks Russo down to a Maggia nightclub . The Punisher guns down all of Russo 's associates , but leaves him alive to send a message to organized crime after knocking him through a glass pane , an act that reduces Russo 's face to a jigsaw puzzle - like mess of scars . </P> <P> Taking advantage of his hideous visage , the formerly handsome gangster adopts the identity of Jigsaw , and attempts to frame the Punisher for murder . However , the plan fails due to the intervention of Spider - Man and Nightcrawler ; Spider - Man witnesses one of Jigsaw 's murders , and one of his victims is an old friend of Nightcrawler . Jigsaw later battled Spider - Man again . </P> <P> It is revealed in the first Punisher miniseries that Jigsaw was behind a plan to drug the Punisher , causing his enemy to behave erratically and attack any criminals , even for things as minor as littering . Jigsaw also attempts to kill the Punisher in prison . The Punisher confronts and defeats him , and later stops Jigsaw from escaping in a prison riot . Later in the series , Jigsaw is brainwashed by the Trust into serving as a member of a Punisher - style assassination squad . He manages to remember who he is after encountering Castle once again , and attacks the Punisher . He is defeated once more . </P> <P> Jigsaw is broken out of Ryker 's Island by the Rev who has him supervise the importation of a sterility - inducing Venezuelan drug that the Rev intends to test in New York City . When the drug shipment is destroyed by the Punisher , Jigsaw sics a street gang on him , and flees to Venezuela with the Rev. After Jigsaw 's face is healed by the Rev 's powers , he is shot by the Punisher \n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Jigsaw" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 2033, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\nJigsaw ( Marvel Comics ) - Wikipedia <H1> Jigsaw ( Marvel Comics ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Jigsaw </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> Jigsaw on the cover of Punisher War Journal Vol. 2 , # 18 ( June 2008 ) Art by Ariel Olivetti </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Publication information </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Publisher </Th> <Td> Marvel Comics </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> First appearance </Th> <Td> Cameo appearance : The Amazing Spider - Man # 161 ( October 1976 ) Full appearance : The Amazing Spider - Man # 162 ( November 1976 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Created by </Th> <Td> Len Wein Ross Andru </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> In - story information </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Full name </Th> <Td> William Russo </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Species </Th> <Td> Human </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Place of origin </Th> <Td> Earth - 616 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Team affiliations </Th> <Td> Maggia Hood 's Crime Syndicate </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Partnerships </Th> <Td> Rev Stuart Clarke </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Notable aliases </Th> <Td> The Beaut , The Heavy </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Abilities </Th> <Td> Experienced street fighter Exceptional strategist and tactician Highly charismatic criminal organizer Wears a special exoskeleton </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Jigsaw ( William `` Billy '' Russo , also known as Billy `` The Beaut '' Russo before his disfigurement ) is a fictional character , gangster , and supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . Created by writer Len Wein and artist Ross Andru , the character made his first full appearance in The Amazing Spider - Man # 162 ( November 1976 ) . </P> <P> Billy Russo is portrayed by Ben Barnes in the Netflix TV series The Punisher set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Publication history </Li> <Li> 2 Fictional character biography </Li> <Li> 3 Powers and abilities </Li> <Li> 4 Other versions <Ul> <Li> 4.1 2099 </Li> <Li> 4.2 Crossovers </Li> <Li> 4.3 Earth X </Li> <Li> 4.4 Marvel MAX </Li> <Li> 4.5 Marvel Noir </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 In other media <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Television </Li> <Li> 5.2 Film </Li> <Li> 5.3 Video games </Li> <Li> 5.4 Toys </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> <Li> 7 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Publication history ( edit ) </H2> <P> Jigsaw was created by writer Len Wein and artist Ross Andru . He first appeared in The Amazing Spider - Man # 162 ( November 1976 ) . He returned in The Amazing Spider - Man # 188 , and The Punisher # 1 and # 4 -- 5 . Jigsaw then allied with the Rev in The Punisher Vol. 2 , # 35 -- 40 , and Gregario in # 55 -- 56 . Following a cameo appearance in The Punisher War Journal # 61 , Jigsaw 's origin was detailed in Issues # 3 -- 4 of the prequel limited series The Punisher : Year One , and he further bedeviled the Punisher in Punisher Vol. 3 , # 2 -- 4 and # 9 -- 10 . </P> <P> Preceding an encounter with the eponymous character in Daredevil Vol. 2 , # 61 -- 64 , Jigsaw appeared in The New Avengers # 1 -- 3 , # 35 , # 46 , # 50 , # 57 , and The New Avengers Annual # 2 ; concurrent to his appearances in that title , Jigsaw also starred in Punisher War Journal Vol. 2 , # 11 , # 18 -- 20 , and # 22 -- 23 . He was then featured in the five - issue miniseries Punisher : In the Blood , and made a subsequent cameo in the Thunderbolts Vol. 2 Annual . </P> <P> Jigsaw received profiles in The Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe # 6 , The Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe Master Edition # 10 , Marvel Encyclopedia # 4 and # 5 , The New Avengers Most Wanted Files # 1 , and Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe A -- Z # 6 . </P> <H2> Fictional character biography ( edit ) </H2> <P> Billy Russo was born to a poor Italian - American family , kicked out and abandoned as an orphan by his abusive father at the age of ten , and went on to become a hitman for New York 's Italian criminal underworld , where his good looks garnered him the nickname `` the Beaut '' . He also married a woman named Susan , and would beat both her and their son , Henry , once forcing Henry to drown his pet cat 's kittens by threatening to shoot Susan . After the botched gangland execution that inadvertently led to the Castle family being massacred , Russo is hired by Frank Costa to assassinate all those connected to the Castles . Russo kills all of his targets but Frank Castle , who survives the bomb that Russo had planted in Castle 's home . Hours later , the Punisher ( Frank Castle ) tracks Russo down to a Maggia nightclub . The Punisher guns down all of Russo 's associates , but leaves him alive to send a message to organized crime after knocking him through a glass pane , an act that reduces Russo 's face to a jigsaw puzzle - like mess of scars . </P> <P> Taking advantage of his hideous visage , the formerly handsome gangster adopts the identity of Jigsaw , and attempts to frame the Punisher for murder . However , the plan fails due to the intervention of Spider - Man and Nightcrawler ; Spider - Man witnesses one of Jigsaw 's murders , and one of his victims is an old friend of Nightcrawler . Jigsaw later battled Spider - Man again . </P> <P> It is revealed in the first Punisher miniseries that Jigsaw was behind a plan to drug the Punisher , causing his enemy to behave erratically and attack any criminals , even for things as minor as littering . Jigsaw also attempts to kill the Punisher in prison . The Punisher confronts and defeats him , and later stops Jigsaw from escaping in a prison riot . Later in the series , Jigsaw is brainwashed by the Trust into serving as a member of a Punisher - style assassination squad . He manages to remember who he is after encountering Castle once again , and attacks the Punisher . He is defeated once more . </P> <P> Jigsaw is broken out of Ryker 's Island by the Rev who has him supervise the importation of a sterility - inducing Venezuelan drug that the Rev intends to test in New York City . When the drug shipment is destroyed by the Punisher , Jigsaw sics a street gang on him , and flees to Venezuela with the Rev. After Jigsaw 's face is healed by the Rev 's powers , he is shot by the Punisher \n\nQuestion:\nwho does billy russo become in the punisher comics\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Jigsaw" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 2033, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nwho does billy russo become in the punisher comics\n\nDocument:\nJigsaw ( Marvel Comics ) - Wikipedia <H1> Jigsaw ( Marvel Comics ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Jigsaw </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> Jigsaw on the cover of Punisher War Journal Vol. 2 , # 18 ( June 2008 ) Art by Ariel Olivetti </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Publication information </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Publisher </Th> <Td> Marvel Comics </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> First appearance </Th> <Td> Cameo appearance : The Amazing Spider - Man # 161 ( October 1976 ) Full appearance : The Amazing Spider - Man # 162 ( November 1976 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Created by </Th> <Td> Len Wein Ross Andru </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> In - story information </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Full name </Th> <Td> William Russo </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Species </Th> <Td> Human </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Place of origin </Th> <Td> Earth - 616 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Team affiliations </Th> <Td> Maggia Hood 's Crime Syndicate </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Partnerships </Th> <Td> Rev Stuart Clarke </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Notable aliases </Th> <Td> The Beaut , The Heavy </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Abilities </Th> <Td> Experienced street fighter Exceptional strategist and tactician Highly charismatic criminal organizer Wears a special exoskeleton </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Jigsaw ( William `` Billy '' Russo , also known as Billy `` The Beaut '' Russo before his disfigurement ) is a fictional character , gangster , and supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . Created by writer Len Wein and artist Ross Andru , the character made his first full appearance in The Amazing Spider - Man # 162 ( November 1976 ) . </P> <P> Billy Russo is portrayed by Ben Barnes in the Netflix TV series The Punisher set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Publication history </Li> <Li> 2 Fictional character biography </Li> <Li> 3 Powers and abilities </Li> <Li> 4 Other versions <Ul> <Li> 4.1 2099 </Li> <Li> 4.2 Crossovers </Li> <Li> 4.3 Earth X </Li> <Li> 4.4 Marvel MAX </Li> <Li> 4.5 Marvel Noir </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 In other media <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Television </Li> <Li> 5.2 Film </Li> <Li> 5.3 Video games </Li> <Li> 5.4 Toys </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> <Li> 7 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Publication history ( edit ) </H2> <P> Jigsaw was created by writer Len Wein and artist Ross Andru . He first appeared in The Amazing Spider - Man # 162 ( November 1976 ) . He returned in The Amazing Spider - Man # 188 , and The Punisher # 1 and # 4 -- 5 . Jigsaw then allied with the Rev in The Punisher Vol. 2 , # 35 -- 40 , and Gregario in # 55 -- 56 . Following a cameo appearance in The Punisher War Journal # 61 , Jigsaw 's origin was detailed in Issues # 3 -- 4 of the prequel limited series The Punisher : Year One , and he further bedeviled the Punisher in Punisher Vol. 3 , # 2 -- 4 and # 9 -- 10 . </P> <P> Preceding an encounter with the eponymous character in Daredevil Vol. 2 , # 61 -- 64 , Jigsaw appeared in The New Avengers # 1 -- 3 , # 35 , # 46 , # 50 , # 57 , and The New Avengers Annual # 2 ; concurrent to his appearances in that title , Jigsaw also starred in Punisher War Journal Vol. 2 , # 11 , # 18 -- 20 , and # 22 -- 23 . He was then featured in the five - issue miniseries Punisher : In the Blood , and made a subsequent cameo in the Thunderbolts Vol. 2 Annual . </P> <P> Jigsaw received profiles in The Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe # 6 , The Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe Master Edition # 10 , Marvel Encyclopedia # 4 and # 5 , The New Avengers Most Wanted Files # 1 , and Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe A -- Z # 6 . </P> <H2> Fictional character biography ( edit ) </H2> <P> Billy Russo was born to a poor Italian - American family , kicked out and abandoned as an orphan by his abusive father at the age of ten , and went on to become a hitman for New York 's Italian criminal underworld , where his good looks garnered him the nickname `` the Beaut '' . He also married a woman named Susan , and would beat both her and their son , Henry , once forcing Henry to drown his pet cat 's kittens by threatening to shoot Susan . After the botched gangland execution that inadvertently led to the Castle family being massacred , Russo is hired by Frank Costa to assassinate all those connected to the Castles . Russo kills all of his targets but Frank Castle , who survives the bomb that Russo had planted in Castle 's home . Hours later , the Punisher ( Frank Castle ) tracks Russo down to a Maggia nightclub . The Punisher guns down all of Russo 's associates , but leaves him alive to send a message to organized crime after knocking him through a glass pane , an act that reduces Russo 's face to a jigsaw puzzle - like mess of scars . </P> <P> Taking advantage of his hideous visage , the formerly handsome gangster adopts the identity of Jigsaw , and attempts to frame the Punisher for murder . However , the plan fails due to the intervention of Spider - Man and Nightcrawler ; Spider - Man witnesses one of Jigsaw 's murders , and one of his victims is an old friend of Nightcrawler . Jigsaw later battled Spider - Man again . </P> <P> It is revealed in the first Punisher miniseries that Jigsaw was behind a plan to drug the Punisher , causing his enemy to behave erratically and attack any criminals , even for things as minor as littering . Jigsaw also attempts to kill the Punisher in prison . The Punisher confronts and defeats him , and later stops Jigsaw from escaping in a prison riot . Later in the series , Jigsaw is brainwashed by the Trust into serving as a member of a Punisher - style assassination squad . He manages to remember who he is after encountering Castle once again , and attacks the Punisher . He is defeated once more . </P> <P> Jigsaw is broken out of Ryker 's Island by the Rev who has him supervise the importation of a sterility - inducing Venezuelan drug that the Rev intends to test in New York City . When the drug shipment is destroyed by the Punisher , Jigsaw sics a street gang on him , and flees to Venezuela with the Rev. After Jigsaw 's face is healed by the Rev 's powers , he is shot by the Punisher \n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Jigsaw" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1838, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\n Antetokounmpo </Td> <Td> Greece </Td> <Td> SF </Td> <Td> Delaware 87ers ( D - League ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2015 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Porziņģis , Kristaps Kristaps Porziņģis </Td> <Td> Latvia </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> CB Sevilla ( Spain ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2017 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> Ntilikina , Frank Frank Ntilikina </Td> <Td> France </Td> <Td> PG </Td> <Td> SIG Strasbourg ( France ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2017 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 44 </Td> <Td> Dotson , Damyean Damyean Dotson </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> SG </Td> <Td> Houston </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2017 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 58 </Td> <Td> Jaramaz , Ognjen Ognjen Jaramaz </Td> <Td> Serbia </Td> <Td> PG </Td> <Td> Mega Leks ( Serbia ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> `` New York Knickerbockers Draft Register '' . Basketball-Reference.com . Retrieved 2008 - 05 - 05 . </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> NBA draft history by team </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Eastern Conference </Th> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Atlantic </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Boston Celtics </Li> <Li> Brooklyn Nets </Li> <Li> New York Knicks </Li> <Li> Philadelphia 76ers </Li> <Li> Toronto Raptors </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Central </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Chicago Bulls </Li> <Li> Cleveland Cavaliers </Li> <Li> Detroit Pistons </Li> <Li> Indiana Pacers </Li> <Li> Milwaukee Bucks </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Southeast </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Atlanta Hawks </Li> <Li> Charlotte Hornets </Li> <Li> Miami Heat </Li> <Li> Orlando Magic </Li> <Li> Washington Wizards </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Western Conference </Th> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Northwest </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Denver Nuggets </Li> <Li> Minnesota Timberwolves </Li> <Li> Oklahoma City Thunder </Li> <Li> Portland Trail Blazers </Li> <Li> Utah Jazz </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Pacific </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Golden State Warriors </Li> <Li> Los Angeles Clippers </Li> <Li> Los Angeles Lakers </Li> <Li> Phoenix Suns </Li> <Li> Sacramento Kings </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Southwest </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Dallas Mavericks </Li> <Li> Houston Rockets </Li> <Li> Memphis Grizzlies </Li> <Li> New Orleans Pelicans </Li> <Li> San Antonio Spurs </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> <Dl> <Dt> Defunct teams </Dt> <Dd> Baltimore Bullets </Dd> <Dd> Chicago Stags </Dd> <Dd> Indianapolis Jets </Dd> <Dd> Indianapolis Olympians </Dd> <Dd> Pittsburgh Ironmen </Dd> <Dd> Providence Steamrollers </Dd> <Dd> St. Louis Bombers </Dd> <Dd> Toronto Huskies </Dd> <Dd> Washington Capitols </Dd> </Dl> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> New York Knicks </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> <Ul> <Li> Founded in 1946 </Li> <Li> Based in New York City , New York </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Franchise </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Franchise </Li> <Li> All - time roster </Li> <Li> Draft history </Li> <Li> Head coaches </Li> <Li> Seasons </Li> <Li> Current season </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Arenas </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Madison Square Garden III </Li> <Li> 69th Regiment Armory </Li> <Li> Madison Square Garden IV </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Personnel </Th> <Td> <Dl> <Dt> Owner </Dt> <Dd> The Madison Square Garden Company </Dd> <Dt> President </Dt> <Dd> Steve Mills </Dd> <Dt> General manager </Dt> <Dd> Scott Perry </Dd> <Dt> Head coach </Dt> <Dd> Jeff Hornacek </Dd> <Dt> Current roster </Dt> </Dl> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> G League affiliate </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Westchester Knicks </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Rivalries </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Boston Celtics </Li> <Li> Brooklyn Nets </Li> <Li> Chicago Bulls </Li> <Li> Indiana Pacers </Li> <Li> Miami Heat\n\nQuestion:\nwho did the knicks draft in the first round\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Frank Ntilikina" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1838, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nwho did the knicks draft in the first round\n\nDocument:\n Antetokounmpo </Td> <Td> Greece </Td> <Td> SF </Td> <Td> Delaware 87ers ( D - League ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2015 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Porziņģis , Kristaps Kristaps Porziņģis </Td> <Td> Latvia </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> CB Sevilla ( Spain ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2017 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> Ntilikina , Frank Frank Ntilikina </Td> <Td> France </Td> <Td> PG </Td> <Td> SIG Strasbourg ( France ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2017 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 44 </Td> <Td> Dotson , Damyean Damyean Dotson </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> SG </Td> <Td> Houston </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2017 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 58 </Td> <Td> Jaramaz , Ognjen Ognjen Jaramaz </Td> <Td> Serbia </Td> <Td> PG </Td> <Td> Mega Leks ( Serbia ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> `` New York Knickerbockers Draft Register '' . Basketball-Reference.com . Retrieved 2008 - 05 - 05 . </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> NBA draft history by team </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Eastern Conference </Th> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Atlantic </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Boston Celtics </Li> <Li> Brooklyn Nets </Li> <Li> New York Knicks </Li> <Li> Philadelphia 76ers </Li> <Li> Toronto Raptors </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Central </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Chicago Bulls </Li> <Li> Cleveland Cavaliers </Li> <Li> Detroit Pistons </Li> <Li> Indiana Pacers </Li> <Li> Milwaukee Bucks </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Southeast </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Atlanta Hawks </Li> <Li> Charlotte Hornets </Li> <Li> Miami Heat </Li> <Li> Orlando Magic </Li> <Li> Washington Wizards </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Western Conference </Th> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Northwest </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Denver Nuggets </Li> <Li> Minnesota Timberwolves </Li> <Li> Oklahoma City Thunder </Li> <Li> Portland Trail Blazers </Li> <Li> Utah Jazz </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Pacific </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Golden State Warriors </Li> <Li> Los Angeles Clippers </Li> <Li> Los Angeles Lakers </Li> <Li> Phoenix Suns </Li> <Li> Sacramento Kings </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Southwest </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Dallas Mavericks </Li> <Li> Houston Rockets </Li> <Li> Memphis Grizzlies </Li> <Li> New Orleans Pelicans </Li> <Li> San Antonio Spurs </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> <Dl> <Dt> Defunct teams </Dt> <Dd> Baltimore Bullets </Dd> <Dd> Chicago Stags </Dd> <Dd> Indianapolis Jets </Dd> <Dd> Indianapolis Olympians </Dd> <Dd> Pittsburgh Ironmen </Dd> <Dd> Providence Steamrollers </Dd> <Dd> St. Louis Bombers </Dd> <Dd> Toronto Huskies </Dd> <Dd> Washington Capitols </Dd> </Dl> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> New York Knicks </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> <Ul> <Li> Founded in 1946 </Li> <Li> Based in New York City , New York </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Franchise </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Franchise </Li> <Li> All - time roster </Li> <Li> Draft history </Li> <Li> Head coaches </Li> <Li> Seasons </Li> <Li> Current season </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Arenas </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Madison Square Garden III </Li> <Li> 69th Regiment Armory </Li> <Li> Madison Square Garden IV </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Personnel </Th> <Td> <Dl> <Dt> Owner </Dt> <Dd> The Madison Square Garden Company </Dd> <Dt> President </Dt> <Dd> Steve Mills </Dd> <Dt> General manager </Dt> <Dd> Scott Perry </Dd> <Dt> Head coach </Dt> <Dd> Jeff Hornacek </Dd> <Dt> Current roster </Dt> </Dl> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> G League affiliate </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Westchester Knicks </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Rivalries </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Boston Celtics </Li> <Li> Brooklyn Nets </Li> <Li> Chicago Bulls </Li> <Li> Indiana Pacers </Li> <Li> Miami Heat\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Frank Ntilikina" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1881, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\nStates </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Michigan </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2014 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 34 </Td> <Td> Early , Cleanthony Cleanthony Early </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> SF </Td> <Td> Wichita State </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2014 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 51 </Td> <Td> Antetokounmpo , Thanasis Thanasis Antetokounmpo </Td> <Td> Greece </Td> <Td> SF </Td> <Td> Delaware 87ers ( D - League ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2015 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Porziņģis , Kristaps Kristaps Porziņģis </Td> <Td> Latvia </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> CB Sevilla ( Spain ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2017 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> Ntilikina , Frank Frank Ntilikina </Td> <Td> France </Td> <Td> PG </Td> <Td> SIG Strasbourg ( France ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2017 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 44 </Td> <Td> Dotson , Damyean Damyean Dotson </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> SG </Td> <Td> Houston </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2017 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 58 </Td> <Td> Jaramaz , Ognjen Ognjen Jaramaz </Td> <Td> Serbia </Td> <Td> PG </Td> <Td> Mega Leks ( Serbia ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> `` New York Knickerbockers Draft Register '' . Basketball-Reference.com . Retrieved 2008 - 05 - 05 . </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> NBA draft history by team </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Eastern Conference </Th> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Atlantic </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Boston Celtics </Li> <Li> Brooklyn Nets </Li> <Li> New York Knicks </Li> <Li> Philadelphia 76ers </Li> <Li> Toronto Raptors </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Central </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Chicago Bulls </Li> <Li> Cleveland Cavaliers </Li> <Li> Detroit Pistons </Li> <Li> Indiana Pacers </Li> <Li> Milwaukee Bucks </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Southeast </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Atlanta Hawks </Li> <Li> Charlotte Hornets </Li> <Li> Miami Heat </Li> <Li> Orlando Magic </Li> <Li> Washington Wizards </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Western Conference </Th> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Northwest </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Denver Nuggets </Li> <Li> Minnesota Timberwolves </Li> <Li> Oklahoma City Thunder </Li> <Li> Portland Trail Blazers </Li> <Li> Utah Jazz </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Pacific </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Golden State Warriors </Li> <Li> Los Angeles Clippers </Li> <Li> Los Angeles Lakers </Li> <Li> Phoenix Suns </Li> <Li> Sacramento Kings </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Southwest </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Dallas Mavericks </Li> <Li> Houston Rockets </Li> <Li> Memphis Grizzlies </Li> <Li> New Orleans Pelicans </Li> <Li> San Antonio Spurs </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> <Dl> <Dt> Defunct teams </Dt> <Dd> Baltimore Bullets </Dd> <Dd> Chicago Stags </Dd> <Dd> Indianapolis Jets </Dd> <Dd> Indianapolis Olympians </Dd> <Dd> Pittsburgh Ironmen </Dd> <Dd> Providence Steamrollers </Dd> <Dd> St. Louis Bombers </Dd> <Dd> Toronto Huskies </Dd> <Dd> Washington Capitols </Dd> </Dl> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> New York Knicks </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> <Ul> <Li> Founded in 1946 </Li> <Li> Based in New York City , New York </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Franchise </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Franchise </Li> <Li> All - time roster </Li> <Li> Draft history </Li> <Li> Head coaches </Li> <Li> Seasons </Li> <Li> Current season </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Arenas </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Madison Square Garden III </Li> <Li> 69th Regiment Armory </Li> <Li> Madison Square Garden IV </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Personnel </Th> <Td> <Dl> <Dt> Owner </Dt> <Dd> The Madison Square Garden Company </Dd> <Dt> President </Dt> <Dd> Steve Mills </Dd> <Dt> General manager </Dt> <Dd> Scott Perry </\n\nQuestion:\nwho did the knicks draft in the first round\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Frank Ntilikina" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1881, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nwho did the knicks draft in the first round\n\nDocument:\nStates </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Michigan </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2014 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 34 </Td> <Td> Early , Cleanthony Cleanthony Early </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> SF </Td> <Td> Wichita State </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2014 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 51 </Td> <Td> Antetokounmpo , Thanasis Thanasis Antetokounmpo </Td> <Td> Greece </Td> <Td> SF </Td> <Td> Delaware 87ers ( D - League ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2015 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Porziņģis , Kristaps Kristaps Porziņģis </Td> <Td> Latvia </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> CB Sevilla ( Spain ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2017 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> Ntilikina , Frank Frank Ntilikina </Td> <Td> France </Td> <Td> PG </Td> <Td> SIG Strasbourg ( France ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2017 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 44 </Td> <Td> Dotson , Damyean Damyean Dotson </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> SG </Td> <Td> Houston </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2017 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 58 </Td> <Td> Jaramaz , Ognjen Ognjen Jaramaz </Td> <Td> Serbia </Td> <Td> PG </Td> <Td> Mega Leks ( Serbia ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> `` New York Knickerbockers Draft Register '' . Basketball-Reference.com . Retrieved 2008 - 05 - 05 . </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> NBA draft history by team </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Eastern Conference </Th> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Atlantic </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Boston Celtics </Li> <Li> Brooklyn Nets </Li> <Li> New York Knicks </Li> <Li> Philadelphia 76ers </Li> <Li> Toronto Raptors </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Central </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Chicago Bulls </Li> <Li> Cleveland Cavaliers </Li> <Li> Detroit Pistons </Li> <Li> Indiana Pacers </Li> <Li> Milwaukee Bucks </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Southeast </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Atlanta Hawks </Li> <Li> Charlotte Hornets </Li> <Li> Miami Heat </Li> <Li> Orlando Magic </Li> <Li> Washington Wizards </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Western Conference </Th> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Northwest </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Denver Nuggets </Li> <Li> Minnesota Timberwolves </Li> <Li> Oklahoma City Thunder </Li> <Li> Portland Trail Blazers </Li> <Li> Utah Jazz </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Pacific </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Golden State Warriors </Li> <Li> Los Angeles Clippers </Li> <Li> Los Angeles Lakers </Li> <Li> Phoenix Suns </Li> <Li> Sacramento Kings </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Southwest </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Dallas Mavericks </Li> <Li> Houston Rockets </Li> <Li> Memphis Grizzlies </Li> <Li> New Orleans Pelicans </Li> <Li> San Antonio Spurs </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> <Dl> <Dt> Defunct teams </Dt> <Dd> Baltimore Bullets </Dd> <Dd> Chicago Stags </Dd> <Dd> Indianapolis Jets </Dd> <Dd> Indianapolis Olympians </Dd> <Dd> Pittsburgh Ironmen </Dd> <Dd> Providence Steamrollers </Dd> <Dd> St. Louis Bombers </Dd> <Dd> Toronto Huskies </Dd> <Dd> Washington Capitols </Dd> </Dl> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> New York Knicks </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> <Ul> <Li> Founded in 1946 </Li> <Li> Based in New York City , New York </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Franchise </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Franchise </Li> <Li> All - time roster </Li> <Li> Draft history </Li> <Li> Head coaches </Li> <Li> Seasons </Li> <Li> Current season </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Arenas </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Madison Square Garden III </Li> <Li> 69th Regiment Armory </Li> <Li> Madison Square Garden IV </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Personnel </Th> <Td> <Dl> <Dt> Owner </Dt> <Dd> The Madison Square Garden Company </Dd> <Dt> President </Dt> <Dd> Steve Mills </Dd> <Dt> General manager </Dt> <Dd> Scott Perry </\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Frank Ntilikina" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 2274, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\n<Td> Serbia and Montenegro </Td> <Td> PG </Td> <Td> KK Partizan ( Serbia ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2003 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> Sweetney , Mike ! Michael Sweetney </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> PF </Td> <Td> Georgetown </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2003 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 30 </Td> <Td> Lampe , Maciej Maciej Lampe </Td> <Td> Poland </Td> <Td> F / C </Td> <Td> Real Madrid ( Spain ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2003 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 39 </Td> <Td> Vranes , Slavko ! Slavko Vraneš </Td> <Td> Serbia and Montenegro </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Budućnost Podgorica ( Montenegro ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 44 </Td> <Td> Ariza , Trevor Trevor Ariza </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> SF </Td> <Td> UCLA </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2005 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> Frye , Channing Channing Frye </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> PF / C </Td> <Td> Arizona </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2005 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 30 </Td> <Td> Lee , David ! David Lee </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> PF / C </Td> <Td> Florida </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2005 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 54 </Td> <Td> Thompson , Dijon Dijon Thompson </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> SG / SF </Td> <Td> UCLA </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2006 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 20 </Td> <Td> Balkman , Renaldo Renaldo Balkman </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> SF / PF </Td> <Td> South Carolina </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2006 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 29 </Td> <Td> Collins , Mardy Mardy Collins </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> PG / SG </Td> <Td> Temple </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2007 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 23 </Td> <Td> Chandler , Wilson Wilson Chandler </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> SF </Td> <Td> DePaul </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2008 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> Gallinari , Danilo Danilo Gallinari </Td> <Td> Italy </Td> <Td> SF </Td> <Td> Olimpia Milano ( Italy ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2009 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> Hill , Jordan Jordan Hill </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> PF </Td> <Td> Arizona </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 38 </Td> <Td> Rautins , Andy Andy Rautins </Td> <Td> Canada </Td> <Td> SG </Td> <Td> Syracuse </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 39 </Td> <Td> Fields , Landry Landry Fields </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> SG </Td> <Td> Stanford </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2011 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 17 </Td> <Td> Shumpert , Iman Iman Shumpert </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> SG / PG </Td> <Td> Georgia Tech </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2012 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 48 </Td> <Td> Papanikolaou , Kostas Kostas Papanikolaou </Td> <Td> Greece </Td> <Td> PF </Td> <Td> Olympiacos ( Greece ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2013 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 24 </Td> <Td> Hardaway , Jr. , Tim Tim Hardaway , Jr . </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Michigan </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2014 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 34 </Td> <Td> Early , Cleanthony Cleanthony Early </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> SF </Td> <Td> Wichita State </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2014 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 51 </Td> <Td> Antetokounmpo , Thanasis Thanasis Antetokounmpo </Td> <Td> Greece </Td> <Td> SF </Td> <Td> Delaware 87ers ( D - League ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2015 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Porziņģis , Kristaps Kristaps Porziņģis </Td> <Td> Latvia </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> CB Sevilla ( Spain ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2017 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> Ntilikina , Frank Frank Ntilikina </Td> <Td> France </Td> <Td> PG </Td> <Td> SIG Strasbourg ( France \n\nQuestion:\nwho did the knicks draft in the first round\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Frank Ntilikina" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 2274, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nwho did the knicks draft in the first round\n\nDocument:\n<Td> Serbia and Montenegro </Td> <Td> PG </Td> <Td> KK Partizan ( Serbia ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2003 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> Sweetney , Mike ! Michael Sweetney </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> PF </Td> <Td> Georgetown </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2003 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 30 </Td> <Td> Lampe , Maciej Maciej Lampe </Td> <Td> Poland </Td> <Td> F / C </Td> <Td> Real Madrid ( Spain ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2003 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 39 </Td> <Td> Vranes , Slavko ! Slavko Vraneš </Td> <Td> Serbia and Montenegro </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Budućnost Podgorica ( Montenegro ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 44 </Td> <Td> Ariza , Trevor Trevor Ariza </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> SF </Td> <Td> UCLA </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2005 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> Frye , Channing Channing Frye </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> PF / C </Td> <Td> Arizona </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2005 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 30 </Td> <Td> Lee , David ! David Lee </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> PF / C </Td> <Td> Florida </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2005 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 54 </Td> <Td> Thompson , Dijon Dijon Thompson </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> SG / SF </Td> <Td> UCLA </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2006 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 20 </Td> <Td> Balkman , Renaldo Renaldo Balkman </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> SF / PF </Td> <Td> South Carolina </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2006 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 29 </Td> <Td> Collins , Mardy Mardy Collins </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> PG / SG </Td> <Td> Temple </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2007 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 23 </Td> <Td> Chandler , Wilson Wilson Chandler </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> SF </Td> <Td> DePaul </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2008 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> Gallinari , Danilo Danilo Gallinari </Td> <Td> Italy </Td> <Td> SF </Td> <Td> Olimpia Milano ( Italy ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2009 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> Hill , Jordan Jordan Hill </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> PF </Td> <Td> Arizona </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 38 </Td> <Td> Rautins , Andy Andy Rautins </Td> <Td> Canada </Td> <Td> SG </Td> <Td> Syracuse </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 39 </Td> <Td> Fields , Landry Landry Fields </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> SG </Td> <Td> Stanford </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2011 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 17 </Td> <Td> Shumpert , Iman Iman Shumpert </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> SG / PG </Td> <Td> Georgia Tech </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2012 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 48 </Td> <Td> Papanikolaou , Kostas Kostas Papanikolaou </Td> <Td> Greece </Td> <Td> PF </Td> <Td> Olympiacos ( Greece ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2013 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 24 </Td> <Td> Hardaway , Jr. , Tim Tim Hardaway , Jr . </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Michigan </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2014 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 34 </Td> <Td> Early , Cleanthony Cleanthony Early </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> SF </Td> <Td> Wichita State </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2014 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 51 </Td> <Td> Antetokounmpo , Thanasis Thanasis Antetokounmpo </Td> <Td> Greece </Td> <Td> SF </Td> <Td> Delaware 87ers ( D - League ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2015 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Porziņģis , Kristaps Kristaps Porziņģis </Td> <Td> Latvia </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> CB Sevilla ( Spain ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2017 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> Ntilikina , Frank Frank Ntilikina </Td> <Td> France </Td> <Td> PG </Td> <Td> SIG Strasbourg ( France \n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Frank Ntilikina" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 2897, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\ndit ) </H2> <H3> Presidential elections ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Election </Th> <Th> Candidate </Th> <Th> Running mate </Th> <Th> Votes </Th> <Th> Vote % </Th> <Th> Electoral votes </Th> <Th> + / - </Th> <Th> Outcome of election </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1892 </Th> <Td> James B. Weaver </Td> <Td> James G. Field </Td> <Td> 1,026,595 </Td> <Td> 8.51 </Td> <Td> 22 / 444 </Td> <Td> New </Td> <Td> Lost </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1896 </Th> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> Thomas E. Watson </Td> <Td> 222,583 </Td> <Td> 1.59 </Td> <Td> 27 / 447 </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> Lost </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1900 </Th> <Td> Wharton Barker </Td> <Td> Ignatius L. Donnelly </Td> <Td> 50,989 </Td> <Td> 0.36 </Td> <Td> 0 / 447 </Td> <Td> 27 </Td> <Td> Lost </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1904 </Th> <Td> Thomas E. Watson </Td> <Td> Thomas Tibbles </Td> <Td> 114,070 </Td> <Td> 0.84 </Td> <Td> 0 / 476 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> Lost </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1908 </Th> <Td> Thomas E. Watson </Td> <Td> Samuel Williams </Td> <Td> 28,862 </Td> <Td> 0.19 </Td> <Td> 0 / 483 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> Lost </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Ul> <Li> ^ a : Endorsed Democratic William Jennings Bryan as President . </Li> </Ul> <H3> Congressional elections ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Td> <Table> United States House of Representatives <Tr> <Th> Election year </Th> <Th> No. of overall seats won </Th> <Th> + / -- </Th> <Th> House Speaker </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1890 </Th> <Td> 8 / 332 </Td> <Td> New </Td> <Td> Charles Frederick Crisp </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1892 </Th> <Td> 11 / 356 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1894 </Th> <Td> 9 / 357 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Thomas Brackett Reed </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1896 </Th> <Td> 22 / 357 </Td> <Td> 13 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1898 </Th> <Td> 6 / 357 </Td> <Td> 16 </Td> <Td> David B. Henderson </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1900 </Th> <Td> 5 / 357 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> <Td> <Table> United States Senate <Tr> <Th> Election year </Th> <Th> Seats before </Th> <Th> Seats after </Th> <Th> + / -- </Th> <Th> Senate President </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1890 / 1891 </Th> <Td> 0 / 85 </Td> <Td> 1 / 85 </Td> <Td> New </Td> <Td> Levi P. Morton </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1892 / 1893 </Th> <Td> 2 / 88 </Td> <Td> 3 / 88 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1894 / 1895 </Th> <Td> 3 / 88 </Td> <Td> 4 / 88 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Adlai Stevenson I </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1896 / 1897 </Th> <Td> 4 / 90 </Td> <Td> 5 / 90 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1898 / 1899 </Th> <Td> 5 / 90 </Td> <Td> 4 / 90 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Garret Hobart </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1900 / 1901 </Th> <Td> 5 / 90 </Td> <Td> 4 / 90 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Vacant </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1902 / 1903 </Th> <Td> 2 / 90 </Td> <Td> 0 / 90 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Theodore Roosevelt </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Ul> <Li> ^ b : Office left vacant when Garret Hobart died on November 21 , 1899 . </Li> </Ul> <H2> Elected officials ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Governors ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Colorado : Davis Hanson Waite , 1893 -- 1895 </Li> <Li> Idaho : Frank Steunenberg , 1897 -- 1901 ( fusion of Democrats and Populists ) </Li> <Li> Kansas : Lorenzo D. Lewelling , 1893 -- 1895 </Li> <Li> Kansas : John W. Leedy , 1897 -- 1899 </Li> <Li> Nebraska : Silas A. Holcomb , 1895 -- 1899 ( fusion of Democrats and Populists ) </Li> <Li> Nebraska : William A. Poynter , 1899 -- 1901 ( fusion of Democrats and Populists ) </Li> <Li> North Carolina : Daniel Lindsay Russell , 1897 -- 1901 ( coalition of Republicans and Populists ) </Li> <Li> Oregon : Sylvester Pennoyer , 1887 -- 1895 ( fusion of Democrats and Populists ) </Li> <Li> South Dakota : Andrew E. Lee , 1897 -- 1901 </Li> <Li> Tennessee : John P. Buchanan , 1891 -- 1893 </Li> <Li> Washington : John Rogers , 1897 -- 1901 ( fusion of Democrats and Populists ) </Li> </Ul> <H3> United states Congress ( edit ) </H3> <P> Approximately forty - five members of the party served in the U.S. Congress between 1891 and 1902 . These included six United States Senators : </P> <Ul> <Li> William A. Peffer and William A. Harris from Kansas </Li> <Li> Marion Butler of North Carolina </Li> <Li> James H. Kyle from South Dakota </Li> <Li> Henry Heitfeld of Idaho </Li> <Li> William V. Allen from Nebraska </Li> </Ul> <P> The following were Populist members of the U.S. House of Representatives : </P> <P> 52nd United States Congress </P> <Ul> <Li> Thomas E. Watson , Georgia 's 10th congressional district </Li> <Li> Benjamin Hutchinson Clover , Kansas 's 3rd congressional district </Li> <Li> John Grant Otis , Kansas 's 4th congressional district </Li> <Li> John Davis , Kansas 's 5th congressional district </Li> <Li> William Baker , Kansas 's 6th congressional district </Li> <Li> Jerry Simpson , Kansas 's 7th congressional district </Li> <Li> Kittel Halvorson , Minnesota 's 6th congressional district </Li> <Li> William A. McKeighan , Nebraska 's 2nd congressional district </Li> <Li> Omer Madison Kem , Nebraska 's 3rd congressional district </Li> </Ul> <P> 53rd United States Congress </P> <Ul> <Li> Haldor Boen , Minnesota 's 7th congressional district </Li> <Li> Marion Cannon , California 's 6th congressional district </Li> <Li> Lafayette Pence , Colorado 's 1st congressional district </Li> <Li> John Calhoun Bell , Colorado 's 2nd congressional district </Li> <Li> Thomas Jefferson Hudson , Kansas 's 3rd congressional district </Li> <Li> John Davis , Kansas ' 5th congressional district </Li> <Li> William Baker , Kansas ' 6th congressional district </Li> <Li> Jerry Simpson , Kansas ' 7th congressional district </Li> <Li> William A. Harris , Kansas Member - at - large </Li> <Li> William A. McKeighan , Nebraska 's 5th congressional district </Li> <Li> Omer Madison Kem , Nebraska 's 6th congressional district </Li> <Li> Alonzo C. Shuford , North Carolina 's 7th congressional district </Li> </Ul> <P> 54th United States Congress </P> <Ul> <Li> Albert Taylor Goodwyn , Alabama 's 5th congressional district </Li> <Li> Milford W. Howard , Alabama 's 7th congressional district </Li> <Li> William Baker , Kansas ' 6th congressional district </Li> <Li> Omer Madison Kem , Nebraska 's 6th congressional district </Li> <Li> Harry Skinner , North Carolina 's 1st congressional district </Li> <Li> William F. Strowd , North Carolina 's 4th congressional district </Li> <Li> Charles H. Martin ( 1848 -- 1931 ) , North Carolina 's 6th congres\n\nQuestion:\nwho did the populists nominate as their presidential candidate in 1892\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "James B. Weaver" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 2897, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nwho did the populists nominate as their presidential candidate in 1892\n\nDocument:\ndit ) </H2> <H3> Presidential elections ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Election </Th> <Th> Candidate </Th> <Th> Running mate </Th> <Th> Votes </Th> <Th> Vote % </Th> <Th> Electoral votes </Th> <Th> + / - </Th> <Th> Outcome of election </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1892 </Th> <Td> James B. Weaver </Td> <Td> James G. Field </Td> <Td> 1,026,595 </Td> <Td> 8.51 </Td> <Td> 22 / 444 </Td> <Td> New </Td> <Td> Lost </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1896 </Th> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> Thomas E. Watson </Td> <Td> 222,583 </Td> <Td> 1.59 </Td> <Td> 27 / 447 </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> Lost </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1900 </Th> <Td> Wharton Barker </Td> <Td> Ignatius L. Donnelly </Td> <Td> 50,989 </Td> <Td> 0.36 </Td> <Td> 0 / 447 </Td> <Td> 27 </Td> <Td> Lost </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1904 </Th> <Td> Thomas E. Watson </Td> <Td> Thomas Tibbles </Td> <Td> 114,070 </Td> <Td> 0.84 </Td> <Td> 0 / 476 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> Lost </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1908 </Th> <Td> Thomas E. Watson </Td> <Td> Samuel Williams </Td> <Td> 28,862 </Td> <Td> 0.19 </Td> <Td> 0 / 483 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> Lost </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Ul> <Li> ^ a : Endorsed Democratic William Jennings Bryan as President . </Li> </Ul> <H3> Congressional elections ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Td> <Table> United States House of Representatives <Tr> <Th> Election year </Th> <Th> No. of overall seats won </Th> <Th> + / -- </Th> <Th> House Speaker </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1890 </Th> <Td> 8 / 332 </Td> <Td> New </Td> <Td> Charles Frederick Crisp </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1892 </Th> <Td> 11 / 356 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1894 </Th> <Td> 9 / 357 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Thomas Brackett Reed </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1896 </Th> <Td> 22 / 357 </Td> <Td> 13 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1898 </Th> <Td> 6 / 357 </Td> <Td> 16 </Td> <Td> David B. Henderson </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1900 </Th> <Td> 5 / 357 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> <Td> <Table> United States Senate <Tr> <Th> Election year </Th> <Th> Seats before </Th> <Th> Seats after </Th> <Th> + / -- </Th> <Th> Senate President </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1890 / 1891 </Th> <Td> 0 / 85 </Td> <Td> 1 / 85 </Td> <Td> New </Td> <Td> Levi P. Morton </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1892 / 1893 </Th> <Td> 2 / 88 </Td> <Td> 3 / 88 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1894 / 1895 </Th> <Td> 3 / 88 </Td> <Td> 4 / 88 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Adlai Stevenson I </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1896 / 1897 </Th> <Td> 4 / 90 </Td> <Td> 5 / 90 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1898 / 1899 </Th> <Td> 5 / 90 </Td> <Td> 4 / 90 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Garret Hobart </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1900 / 1901 </Th> <Td> 5 / 90 </Td> <Td> 4 / 90 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Vacant </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1902 / 1903 </Th> <Td> 2 / 90 </Td> <Td> 0 / 90 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Theodore Roosevelt </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Ul> <Li> ^ b : Office left vacant when Garret Hobart died on November 21 , 1899 . </Li> </Ul> <H2> Elected officials ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Governors ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Colorado : Davis Hanson Waite , 1893 -- 1895 </Li> <Li> Idaho : Frank Steunenberg , 1897 -- 1901 ( fusion of Democrats and Populists ) </Li> <Li> Kansas : Lorenzo D. Lewelling , 1893 -- 1895 </Li> <Li> Kansas : John W. Leedy , 1897 -- 1899 </Li> <Li> Nebraska : Silas A. Holcomb , 1895 -- 1899 ( fusion of Democrats and Populists ) </Li> <Li> Nebraska : William A. Poynter , 1899 -- 1901 ( fusion of Democrats and Populists ) </Li> <Li> North Carolina : Daniel Lindsay Russell , 1897 -- 1901 ( coalition of Republicans and Populists ) </Li> <Li> Oregon : Sylvester Pennoyer , 1887 -- 1895 ( fusion of Democrats and Populists ) </Li> <Li> South Dakota : Andrew E. Lee , 1897 -- 1901 </Li> <Li> Tennessee : John P. Buchanan , 1891 -- 1893 </Li> <Li> Washington : John Rogers , 1897 -- 1901 ( fusion of Democrats and Populists ) </Li> </Ul> <H3> United states Congress ( edit ) </H3> <P> Approximately forty - five members of the party served in the U.S. Congress between 1891 and 1902 . These included six United States Senators : </P> <Ul> <Li> William A. Peffer and William A. Harris from Kansas </Li> <Li> Marion Butler of North Carolina </Li> <Li> James H. Kyle from South Dakota </Li> <Li> Henry Heitfeld of Idaho </Li> <Li> William V. Allen from Nebraska </Li> </Ul> <P> The following were Populist members of the U.S. House of Representatives : </P> <P> 52nd United States Congress </P> <Ul> <Li> Thomas E. Watson , Georgia 's 10th congressional district </Li> <Li> Benjamin Hutchinson Clover , Kansas 's 3rd congressional district </Li> <Li> John Grant Otis , Kansas 's 4th congressional district </Li> <Li> John Davis , Kansas 's 5th congressional district </Li> <Li> William Baker , Kansas 's 6th congressional district </Li> <Li> Jerry Simpson , Kansas 's 7th congressional district </Li> <Li> Kittel Halvorson , Minnesota 's 6th congressional district </Li> <Li> William A. McKeighan , Nebraska 's 2nd congressional district </Li> <Li> Omer Madison Kem , Nebraska 's 3rd congressional district </Li> </Ul> <P> 53rd United States Congress </P> <Ul> <Li> Haldor Boen , Minnesota 's 7th congressional district </Li> <Li> Marion Cannon , California 's 6th congressional district </Li> <Li> Lafayette Pence , Colorado 's 1st congressional district </Li> <Li> John Calhoun Bell , Colorado 's 2nd congressional district </Li> <Li> Thomas Jefferson Hudson , Kansas 's 3rd congressional district </Li> <Li> John Davis , Kansas ' 5th congressional district </Li> <Li> William Baker , Kansas ' 6th congressional district </Li> <Li> Jerry Simpson , Kansas ' 7th congressional district </Li> <Li> William A. Harris , Kansas Member - at - large </Li> <Li> William A. McKeighan , Nebraska 's 5th congressional district </Li> <Li> Omer Madison Kem , Nebraska 's 6th congressional district </Li> <Li> Alonzo C. Shuford , North Carolina 's 7th congressional district </Li> </Ul> <P> 54th United States Congress </P> <Ul> <Li> Albert Taylor Goodwyn , Alabama 's 5th congressional district </Li> <Li> Milford W. Howard , Alabama 's 7th congressional district </Li> <Li> William Baker , Kansas ' 6th congressional district </Li> <Li> Omer Madison Kem , Nebraska 's 6th congressional district </Li> <Li> Harry Skinner , North Carolina 's 1st congressional district </Li> <Li> William F. Strowd , North Carolina 's 4th congressional district </Li> <Li> Charles H. Martin ( 1848 -- 1931 ) , North Carolina 's 6th congres\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "James B. Weaver" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1852, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\nic party during the New Deal era . The New Deal farm programs were designed by experts ( like Henry Wallace ) who had nothing to do with Populism . </P> People 's Party campaign poster from 1904 touting the candidacy of Thomas E. Watson <P> Some historians see the populists as forward - looking liberal reformers . Others view them as reactionaries trying to recapture an idyllic and utopian past . For some they were radicals out to restructure American life , and for others they were economically hard - pressed agrarians seeking government relief . Much recent scholarship emphasizes Populism 's debt to early American republicanism . Clanton ( 1991 ) stresses that Populism was `` the last significant expression of an old radical tradition that derived from Enlightenment sources that had been filtered through a political tradition that bore the distinct imprint of Jeffersonian , Jacksonian , and Lincolnian democracy . '' This tradition emphasized human rights over the cash nexus of the Gilded Age 's dominant ideology . </P> <P> Frederick Jackson Turner and a succession of western historians depicted the Populist as responding to the closure of the frontier . Turner explained : </P> <Dl> <Dd> The Farmers ' Alliance and the Populist demand for government ownership of the railroad is a phase of the same effort of the pioneer farmer , on his latest frontier . The proposals have taken increasing proportions in each region of Western Advance . Taken as a whole , Populism is a manifestation of the old pioneer ideals of the native American , with the added element of increasing readiness to utilize the national government to effect its ends . </Dd> </Dl> <P> The most influential Turner student of Populism was John D. Hicks , who emphasized economic pragmatism over ideals , presenting Populism as interest group politics , with have - nots demanding their fair share of America 's wealth which was being leeched off by nonproductive speculators . Hicks emphasized the drought that ruined so many Kansas farmers , but also pointed to financial manipulations , deflation in prices caused by the gold standard , high interest rates , mortgage foreclosures , and high railroad rates . Corruption accounted for such outrages and Populists presented popular control of government as the solution , a point that later students of republicanism emphasized . </P> <P> In the 1930s C. Vann Woodward stressed the southern base , seeing the possibility of a black - and - white coalition of poor against the overbearing rich . Georgia politician Tom Watson served as Woodward 's hero . In the 1950s , however , scholars such as Richard Hofstadter portrayed the Populist movement as an irrational response of backward - looking farmers to the challenges of modernity . He discounted third party links to Progressivism and argued that Populists were provincial , conspiracy - minded , and had a tendency toward scapegoatism that manifested itself as nativism , anti-Semitism , anti-intellectualism , and Anglophobia . The antithesis of anti-modern Populism was modernizing Progressivism according to Hofstadter 's model , with such leading progressives as Theodore Roosevelt , Robert La Follette Sr. , George Norris and Woodrow Wilson pointed as having been vehement enemies of Populism , though William Jennings Bryan did cooperate with them and accepted the Populist nomination in 1896 . </P> <P> Michael Kazin 's The Populist Persuasion ( 1995 ) argued that Populism reflected a rhetorical style that manifested itself in spokesmen like Father Charles Coughlin in the 1930s and Governor George Wallace in the 1960s . </P> <P> Goodwyn ( 1976 ) and Postel ( 2007 ) reject the notion that the Populists were traditionalistic and anti-modern . Quite the reverse , they argue , the Populists aggressively sought self - consciously progressive goals . Goodwyn criticizes Hofstadter 's reliance on secondary sources to characterize the Populists , working instead with the material generated by the Populists themselves . Goodwyn determined that the farmers ' cooperatives gave rise to a Populist culture , and their efforts to free farmers from lien merchants revealed to them the political structure of the economy , which propelled them into politics . The Populists sought diffusion of scientific and technical knowledge , formed highly centralized organizations , launched large - scale incorporated businesses , and pressed for an array of state - centered reforms . Hundreds of thousands of women committed to Populism seeking a more modern life , education , and employment in schools and offices . A large section of the labor movement looked to Populism for answers , forging a political coalition with farmers that gave impetus to the regulatory state . Progress , however , was also menacing and inhumane , Postel notes . White Populists embraced social - Darwinist notions of racial improvement , Chinese exclusion and separate - but - equal . </P> <P> Populists saw the Panic of 1893 as confirmation that evil global conspiracies and big city villains were to blame . Historian Hasia Diner says : </P> <Dl> <Dd> Some Populists believed that Jews made up a class of international financiers whose policies had ruined small family farms , they asserted , owned the banks and promoted the gold standard , the chief sources of their impoverishment . Agrarian radicalism posited the city as antithetical to American values , asserting that Jews were the essence of urban corruption . </Dd> </Dl> <H2> Electoral History ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Presidential elections ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Election </Th> <Th> Candidate </Th> <Th> Running mate </Th> <Th> Votes </Th> <Th> Vote % </Th> <Th> Electoral votes </Th> <Th> + / - </Th> <Th> Outcome of election </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1892 </Th> <Td> James B. Weaver </Td> <Td> James G. Field </Td> <Td> 1,026,595 </Td> <Td> 8.51 </Td> <Td> 22 / 444 </Td> <Td> New </Td> <Td> Lost </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1896 </Th> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> Thomas E. Watson </Td> <Td> 222,583 </Td> <Td> 1.59 </Td> <Td> 27 / 447 </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> Lost </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1900 </Th> <Td> Wharton Barker </Td> <Td> Ignatius L. Donnelly </Td> <Td> 50,989 </Td> <Td> 0.36 </Td> <Td> 0 / 447 </Td> <Td> 27 </Td> <Td> Lost </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1904 </Th> <Td> Thomas E. Watson </Td> <Td\n\nQuestion:\nwho did the populists nominate as their presidential candidate in 1892\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "James B. Weaver" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1852, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nwho did the populists nominate as their presidential candidate in 1892\n\nDocument:\nic party during the New Deal era . The New Deal farm programs were designed by experts ( like Henry Wallace ) who had nothing to do with Populism . </P> People 's Party campaign poster from 1904 touting the candidacy of Thomas E. Watson <P> Some historians see the populists as forward - looking liberal reformers . Others view them as reactionaries trying to recapture an idyllic and utopian past . For some they were radicals out to restructure American life , and for others they were economically hard - pressed agrarians seeking government relief . Much recent scholarship emphasizes Populism 's debt to early American republicanism . Clanton ( 1991 ) stresses that Populism was `` the last significant expression of an old radical tradition that derived from Enlightenment sources that had been filtered through a political tradition that bore the distinct imprint of Jeffersonian , Jacksonian , and Lincolnian democracy . '' This tradition emphasized human rights over the cash nexus of the Gilded Age 's dominant ideology . </P> <P> Frederick Jackson Turner and a succession of western historians depicted the Populist as responding to the closure of the frontier . Turner explained : </P> <Dl> <Dd> The Farmers ' Alliance and the Populist demand for government ownership of the railroad is a phase of the same effort of the pioneer farmer , on his latest frontier . The proposals have taken increasing proportions in each region of Western Advance . Taken as a whole , Populism is a manifestation of the old pioneer ideals of the native American , with the added element of increasing readiness to utilize the national government to effect its ends . </Dd> </Dl> <P> The most influential Turner student of Populism was John D. Hicks , who emphasized economic pragmatism over ideals , presenting Populism as interest group politics , with have - nots demanding their fair share of America 's wealth which was being leeched off by nonproductive speculators . Hicks emphasized the drought that ruined so many Kansas farmers , but also pointed to financial manipulations , deflation in prices caused by the gold standard , high interest rates , mortgage foreclosures , and high railroad rates . Corruption accounted for such outrages and Populists presented popular control of government as the solution , a point that later students of republicanism emphasized . </P> <P> In the 1930s C. Vann Woodward stressed the southern base , seeing the possibility of a black - and - white coalition of poor against the overbearing rich . Georgia politician Tom Watson served as Woodward 's hero . In the 1950s , however , scholars such as Richard Hofstadter portrayed the Populist movement as an irrational response of backward - looking farmers to the challenges of modernity . He discounted third party links to Progressivism and argued that Populists were provincial , conspiracy - minded , and had a tendency toward scapegoatism that manifested itself as nativism , anti-Semitism , anti-intellectualism , and Anglophobia . The antithesis of anti-modern Populism was modernizing Progressivism according to Hofstadter 's model , with such leading progressives as Theodore Roosevelt , Robert La Follette Sr. , George Norris and Woodrow Wilson pointed as having been vehement enemies of Populism , though William Jennings Bryan did cooperate with them and accepted the Populist nomination in 1896 . </P> <P> Michael Kazin 's The Populist Persuasion ( 1995 ) argued that Populism reflected a rhetorical style that manifested itself in spokesmen like Father Charles Coughlin in the 1930s and Governor George Wallace in the 1960s . </P> <P> Goodwyn ( 1976 ) and Postel ( 2007 ) reject the notion that the Populists were traditionalistic and anti-modern . Quite the reverse , they argue , the Populists aggressively sought self - consciously progressive goals . Goodwyn criticizes Hofstadter 's reliance on secondary sources to characterize the Populists , working instead with the material generated by the Populists themselves . Goodwyn determined that the farmers ' cooperatives gave rise to a Populist culture , and their efforts to free farmers from lien merchants revealed to them the political structure of the economy , which propelled them into politics . The Populists sought diffusion of scientific and technical knowledge , formed highly centralized organizations , launched large - scale incorporated businesses , and pressed for an array of state - centered reforms . Hundreds of thousands of women committed to Populism seeking a more modern life , education , and employment in schools and offices . A large section of the labor movement looked to Populism for answers , forging a political coalition with farmers that gave impetus to the regulatory state . Progress , however , was also menacing and inhumane , Postel notes . White Populists embraced social - Darwinist notions of racial improvement , Chinese exclusion and separate - but - equal . </P> <P> Populists saw the Panic of 1893 as confirmation that evil global conspiracies and big city villains were to blame . Historian Hasia Diner says : </P> <Dl> <Dd> Some Populists believed that Jews made up a class of international financiers whose policies had ruined small family farms , they asserted , owned the banks and promoted the gold standard , the chief sources of their impoverishment . Agrarian radicalism posited the city as antithetical to American values , asserting that Jews were the essence of urban corruption . </Dd> </Dl> <H2> Electoral History ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Presidential elections ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Election </Th> <Th> Candidate </Th> <Th> Running mate </Th> <Th> Votes </Th> <Th> Vote % </Th> <Th> Electoral votes </Th> <Th> + / - </Th> <Th> Outcome of election </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1892 </Th> <Td> James B. Weaver </Td> <Td> James G. Field </Td> <Td> 1,026,595 </Td> <Td> 8.51 </Td> <Td> 22 / 444 </Td> <Td> New </Td> <Td> Lost </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1896 </Th> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> Thomas E. Watson </Td> <Td> 222,583 </Td> <Td> 1.59 </Td> <Td> 27 / 447 </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> Lost </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1900 </Th> <Td> Wharton Barker </Td> <Td> Ignatius L. Donnelly </Td> <Td> 50,989 </Td> <Td> 0.36 </Td> <Td> 0 / 447 </Td> <Td> 27 </Td> <Td> Lost </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1904 </Th> <Td> Thomas E. Watson </Td> <Td\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "James B. Weaver" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1825, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\nulism . It is debated whether any Populist ideas made their way into the Democratic party during the New Deal era . The New Deal farm programs were designed by experts ( like Henry Wallace ) who had nothing to do with Populism . </P> People 's Party campaign poster from 1904 touting the candidacy of Thomas E. Watson <P> Some historians see the populists as forward - looking liberal reformers . Others view them as reactionaries trying to recapture an idyllic and utopian past . For some they were radicals out to restructure American life , and for others they were economically hard - pressed agrarians seeking government relief . Much recent scholarship emphasizes Populism 's debt to early American republicanism . Clanton ( 1991 ) stresses that Populism was `` the last significant expression of an old radical tradition that derived from Enlightenment sources that had been filtered through a political tradition that bore the distinct imprint of Jeffersonian , Jacksonian , and Lincolnian democracy . '' This tradition emphasized human rights over the cash nexus of the Gilded Age 's dominant ideology . </P> <P> Frederick Jackson Turner and a succession of western historians depicted the Populist as responding to the closure of the frontier . Turner explained : </P> <Dl> <Dd> The Farmers ' Alliance and the Populist demand for government ownership of the railroad is a phase of the same effort of the pioneer farmer , on his latest frontier . The proposals have taken increasing proportions in each region of Western Advance . Taken as a whole , Populism is a manifestation of the old pioneer ideals of the native American , with the added element of increasing readiness to utilize the national government to effect its ends . </Dd> </Dl> <P> The most influential Turner student of Populism was John D. Hicks , who emphasized economic pragmatism over ideals , presenting Populism as interest group politics , with have - nots demanding their fair share of America 's wealth which was being leeched off by nonproductive speculators . Hicks emphasized the drought that ruined so many Kansas farmers , but also pointed to financial manipulations , deflation in prices caused by the gold standard , high interest rates , mortgage foreclosures , and high railroad rates . Corruption accounted for such outrages and Populists presented popular control of government as the solution , a point that later students of republicanism emphasized . </P> <P> In the 1930s C. Vann Woodward stressed the southern base , seeing the possibility of a black - and - white coalition of poor against the overbearing rich . Georgia politician Tom Watson served as Woodward 's hero . In the 1950s , however , scholars such as Richard Hofstadter portrayed the Populist movement as an irrational response of backward - looking farmers to the challenges of modernity . He discounted third party links to Progressivism and argued that Populists were provincial , conspiracy - minded , and had a tendency toward scapegoatism that manifested itself as nativism , anti-Semitism , anti-intellectualism , and Anglophobia . The antithesis of anti-modern Populism was modernizing Progressivism according to Hofstadter 's model , with such leading progressives as Theodore Roosevelt , Robert La Follette Sr. , George Norris and Woodrow Wilson pointed as having been vehement enemies of Populism , though William Jennings Bryan did cooperate with them and accepted the Populist nomination in 1896 . </P> <P> Michael Kazin 's The Populist Persuasion ( 1995 ) argued that Populism reflected a rhetorical style that manifested itself in spokesmen like Father Charles Coughlin in the 1930s and Governor George Wallace in the 1960s . </P> <P> Goodwyn ( 1976 ) and Postel ( 2007 ) reject the notion that the Populists were traditionalistic and anti-modern . Quite the reverse , they argue , the Populists aggressively sought self - consciously progressive goals . Goodwyn criticizes Hofstadter 's reliance on secondary sources to characterize the Populists , working instead with the material generated by the Populists themselves . Goodwyn determined that the farmers ' cooperatives gave rise to a Populist culture , and their efforts to free farmers from lien merchants revealed to them the political structure of the economy , which propelled them into politics . The Populists sought diffusion of scientific and technical knowledge , formed highly centralized organizations , launched large - scale incorporated businesses , and pressed for an array of state - centered reforms . Hundreds of thousands of women committed to Populism seeking a more modern life , education , and employment in schools and offices . A large section of the labor movement looked to Populism for answers , forging a political coalition with farmers that gave impetus to the regulatory state . Progress , however , was also menacing and inhumane , Postel notes . White Populists embraced social - Darwinist notions of racial improvement , Chinese exclusion and separate - but - equal . </P> <P> Populists saw the Panic of 1893 as confirmation that evil global conspiracies and big city villains were to blame . Historian Hasia Diner says : </P> <Dl> <Dd> Some Populists believed that Jews made up a class of international financiers whose policies had ruined small family farms , they asserted , owned the banks and promoted the gold standard , the chief sources of their impoverishment . Agrarian radicalism posited the city as antithetical to American values , asserting that Jews were the essence of urban corruption . </Dd> </Dl> <H2> Electoral History ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Presidential elections ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Election </Th> <Th> Candidate </Th> <Th> Running mate </Th> <Th> Votes </Th> <Th> Vote % </Th> <Th> Electoral votes </Th> <Th> + / - </Th> <Th> Outcome of election </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1892 </Th> <Td> James B. Weaver </Td> <Td> James G. Field </Td> <Td> 1,026,595 </Td> <Td> 8.51 </Td> <Td> 22 / 444 </Td> <Td> New </Td> <Td> Lost </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1896 </Th> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> Thomas E. Watson </Td> <Td> 222,583 </Td> <Td> 1.59 </Td> <Td> 27 / 447 </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> Lost </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1900 </Th> <Td> Wharton Barker </Td> <Td> Ignatius L. Donnelly </Td> <Td> 50,989 </Td> <Td> 0.36 </Td> <Td> 0 / 447 </Td> <Td> 27\n\nQuestion:\nwho did the populists nominate as their presidential candidate in 1892\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "James B. Weaver" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1825, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nwho did the populists nominate as their presidential candidate in 1892\n\nDocument:\nulism . It is debated whether any Populist ideas made their way into the Democratic party during the New Deal era . The New Deal farm programs were designed by experts ( like Henry Wallace ) who had nothing to do with Populism . </P> People 's Party campaign poster from 1904 touting the candidacy of Thomas E. Watson <P> Some historians see the populists as forward - looking liberal reformers . Others view them as reactionaries trying to recapture an idyllic and utopian past . For some they were radicals out to restructure American life , and for others they were economically hard - pressed agrarians seeking government relief . Much recent scholarship emphasizes Populism 's debt to early American republicanism . Clanton ( 1991 ) stresses that Populism was `` the last significant expression of an old radical tradition that derived from Enlightenment sources that had been filtered through a political tradition that bore the distinct imprint of Jeffersonian , Jacksonian , and Lincolnian democracy . '' This tradition emphasized human rights over the cash nexus of the Gilded Age 's dominant ideology . </P> <P> Frederick Jackson Turner and a succession of western historians depicted the Populist as responding to the closure of the frontier . Turner explained : </P> <Dl> <Dd> The Farmers ' Alliance and the Populist demand for government ownership of the railroad is a phase of the same effort of the pioneer farmer , on his latest frontier . The proposals have taken increasing proportions in each region of Western Advance . Taken as a whole , Populism is a manifestation of the old pioneer ideals of the native American , with the added element of increasing readiness to utilize the national government to effect its ends . </Dd> </Dl> <P> The most influential Turner student of Populism was John D. Hicks , who emphasized economic pragmatism over ideals , presenting Populism as interest group politics , with have - nots demanding their fair share of America 's wealth which was being leeched off by nonproductive speculators . Hicks emphasized the drought that ruined so many Kansas farmers , but also pointed to financial manipulations , deflation in prices caused by the gold standard , high interest rates , mortgage foreclosures , and high railroad rates . Corruption accounted for such outrages and Populists presented popular control of government as the solution , a point that later students of republicanism emphasized . </P> <P> In the 1930s C. Vann Woodward stressed the southern base , seeing the possibility of a black - and - white coalition of poor against the overbearing rich . Georgia politician Tom Watson served as Woodward 's hero . In the 1950s , however , scholars such as Richard Hofstadter portrayed the Populist movement as an irrational response of backward - looking farmers to the challenges of modernity . He discounted third party links to Progressivism and argued that Populists were provincial , conspiracy - minded , and had a tendency toward scapegoatism that manifested itself as nativism , anti-Semitism , anti-intellectualism , and Anglophobia . The antithesis of anti-modern Populism was modernizing Progressivism according to Hofstadter 's model , with such leading progressives as Theodore Roosevelt , Robert La Follette Sr. , George Norris and Woodrow Wilson pointed as having been vehement enemies of Populism , though William Jennings Bryan did cooperate with them and accepted the Populist nomination in 1896 . </P> <P> Michael Kazin 's The Populist Persuasion ( 1995 ) argued that Populism reflected a rhetorical style that manifested itself in spokesmen like Father Charles Coughlin in the 1930s and Governor George Wallace in the 1960s . </P> <P> Goodwyn ( 1976 ) and Postel ( 2007 ) reject the notion that the Populists were traditionalistic and anti-modern . Quite the reverse , they argue , the Populists aggressively sought self - consciously progressive goals . Goodwyn criticizes Hofstadter 's reliance on secondary sources to characterize the Populists , working instead with the material generated by the Populists themselves . Goodwyn determined that the farmers ' cooperatives gave rise to a Populist culture , and their efforts to free farmers from lien merchants revealed to them the political structure of the economy , which propelled them into politics . The Populists sought diffusion of scientific and technical knowledge , formed highly centralized organizations , launched large - scale incorporated businesses , and pressed for an array of state - centered reforms . Hundreds of thousands of women committed to Populism seeking a more modern life , education , and employment in schools and offices . A large section of the labor movement looked to Populism for answers , forging a political coalition with farmers that gave impetus to the regulatory state . Progress , however , was also menacing and inhumane , Postel notes . White Populists embraced social - Darwinist notions of racial improvement , Chinese exclusion and separate - but - equal . </P> <P> Populists saw the Panic of 1893 as confirmation that evil global conspiracies and big city villains were to blame . Historian Hasia Diner says : </P> <Dl> <Dd> Some Populists believed that Jews made up a class of international financiers whose policies had ruined small family farms , they asserted , owned the banks and promoted the gold standard , the chief sources of their impoverishment . Agrarian radicalism posited the city as antithetical to American values , asserting that Jews were the essence of urban corruption . </Dd> </Dl> <H2> Electoral History ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Presidential elections ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Election </Th> <Th> Candidate </Th> <Th> Running mate </Th> <Th> Votes </Th> <Th> Vote % </Th> <Th> Electoral votes </Th> <Th> + / - </Th> <Th> Outcome of election </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1892 </Th> <Td> James B. Weaver </Td> <Td> James G. Field </Td> <Td> 1,026,595 </Td> <Td> 8.51 </Td> <Td> 22 / 444 </Td> <Td> New </Td> <Td> Lost </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1896 </Th> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> Thomas E. Watson </Td> <Td> 222,583 </Td> <Td> 1.59 </Td> <Td> 27 / 447 </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> Lost </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1900 </Th> <Td> Wharton Barker </Td> <Td> Ignatius L. Donnelly </Td> <Td> 50,989 </Td> <Td> 0.36 </Td> <Td> 0 / 447 </Td> <Td> 27\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "James B. Weaver" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1803, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\nnwhile , Michael kills John , Tim , Tim 's girlfriend Beth , and Barry Simms . After Tommy returns home with Loomis , the Man in Black reveals himself to be Wynn . The cult take Kara , Danny , Steven , and Michael to Smith 's Grove . There , Loomis confronts Wynn , who reveals he wants to control and study the power of Thorn . Wynn wants Loomis to join in on his conspiracy , and reveals that Jamie 's baby represents a new cycle of Michael 's evil that he kept secret from most of the cult who were focused on inflicting the curse onto a new child ( Danny ) to carry out a new trend of family sacrifices . Loomis calls Wynn out on his scheme and is knocked unconscious . </P> <P> Later , Michael butchers Wynn 's team of staff surgeons during a medical procedure and Wynn himself during a medical procedure with Danny and Steven sitting in a room next door . Tommy finds and frees Kara , Danny , and Steven ; they flee from Michael and hide in a laboratory . Regaining consciousness , Loomis helps Kara and the children escape the hospital . When Michael breaks into the room , Tommy injects him with a corrosive liquid and beats him unconscious with a lead pipe . As Tommy , Kara , Danny , and Steven leave , Loomis refuses to come with them as he has `` a little business to attend to '' . Back inside the building , Michael 's mask is seen lying on the floor of the lab room and Loomis is heard screaming in the background , leaving the fate of both characters unknown . </P> <H2> Cast ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Donald Pleasence as Dr. Sam Loomis </Li> <Li> Paul Rudd ( credited as Paul Stephen Rudd ) as Tommy Doyle </Li> <Li> Marianne Hagan as Kara Strode </Li> <Li> Devin Gardner as Danny Strode </Li> <Li> George P. Wilbur as Michael Myers <Ul> <Li> A. Michael Lerner as Michael Myers ( reshoots ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Mitchell Ryan as Dr. Terence Wynn </Li> <Li> J.C. Brandy as Jamie Lloyd <Ul> <Li> Danielle Harris as Young Jamie Lloyd ( archive footage ; Producer 's Cut only ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Mariah O'Brien as Beth </Li> <Li> Keith Bogart as Tim Strode </Li> <Li> Kim Darby as Debra Strode </Li> <Li> Bradford English as John Strode </Li> <Li> Leo Geter as Barry Simms </Li> <Li> Susan Swift as Nurse Mary </Li> <Li> Alan Echeverria as Dr. Bonham </Li> <Li> Janice Knickrehm as Mrs. Blankenship </Li> </Ul> <H2> Production ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Concept and writing ( edit ) </H3> The Runic symbol of Thorn , which is a major theme in the film . <P> After the less than enthusiastic response to Halloween 5 which came out only a year after Halloween 4 , producer Moustapha Akkad put the series on hold to re-evaluate its potential . Akkad felt Halloween 5 had strayed too far from Halloween 4 and the box office response was much lower than expected . In 1990 , screenwriter and long - time Halloween fan Daniel Farrands set out to write the sixth entry in the Halloween series . Farrands gave his horror movie scripts to the producer of Halloween 5 , Ramsey Thomas ; impressed by his writing , Thomas set a meeting for Farrands with executive producer Moustapha Akkad . Farrands described the meeting : </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` </Td> <Td> I spent weeks preparing for the meeting and came in with a huge notebook filled with Halloween research -- I had the entire series laid out in a timeline , a bio of every character , a `` family tree '' of the Myers and Strode clans , as well as all of the research I had compiled about the runic symbol ( Thorn ) that was briefly shown in `` Halloween 5 . '' I then laid out how I thought all of this might be explored in Halloween 6 . </Td> <Td> '' </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Although the producers at the time had already sought to make a sixth Halloween film , a series of complicated legal battles ensued which delayed plans for a sequel ; eventually Miramax Films ( via its Dimension Films division ) bought the rights to the Halloween series . </P> <P> In June 1994 , after several screenplays from different writers had been deemed insufficient by Akkad ( including one by Scott Spiegel ) , Farrands was hired to write a new screenplay , as the film had an impending shooting date scheduled for October in Salt Lake City , Utah . Farrands has said his initial intent for the film was to `` bridge the later films ( 4 - 5 ) in the series to the earlier films ( 1 - 2 ) while at the same time taking the story into new territory so that the series could expand for future installments . '' This in part meant expanding on the presence of the `` Man in Black '' as well as the appearance of the Thorn symbol , both of which appear without explanation at the end of Halloween 5 . In beginning the script , Farrands contacted the writers of Halloween 4 and 5 for additional information , but they were unable to provide clear answers , leaving him to `` pick up the pieces . '' </P> <P> Farrands expanded the `` Curse of Thorn '' plot line , in which Jamie Lloyd is kidnapped by a covert cult who has cursed Michael Myers via the Runic symbol of Thorn , which compels him to kill and also affords him immortality . Farrands had in part based the idea on dialogue present in Halloween II ( 1981 ) about the night of Samhain , during which the `` veil between the living and the dead is thinnest , '' the one time of the year during which Myers became `` active , and seeks out his bloodline . '' References to Druidism as well as Myers 's grandfather `` hearing voices '' had also appeared in the 1978 novelization of Halloween by Curtis Richards . While the character of Jamie Lloyd dies early in the film , the initial versions of Farrands ' script had her character surviving until the final act , at which point she was ultimately killed by Michael . Other elements of Farrands ' working script that ultimately had to be trimmed down included an extension of the Curse of Thorn subplot , which had the entire town of Haddonfield in collusion with the cult , an idea Akkad wanted to use for the series ' seventh installment . However , this idea was scrapped in favor of the Halloween H20 script in 1997 . </P> <P> According to Farrands , there were around ten different drafts of his script between June 1994 and the October 1994 film shoot , and much of the finale that appears in the theatrical version ( including the events at the hospital , as well as the references to the cult using Myers 's power as a means of scientific investigation ) , was not written by h\n\nQuestion:\nhalloween 6 who is the man in black\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Wynn" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1803, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nhalloween 6 who is the man in black\n\nDocument:\nnwhile , Michael kills John , Tim , Tim 's girlfriend Beth , and Barry Simms . After Tommy returns home with Loomis , the Man in Black reveals himself to be Wynn . The cult take Kara , Danny , Steven , and Michael to Smith 's Grove . There , Loomis confronts Wynn , who reveals he wants to control and study the power of Thorn . Wynn wants Loomis to join in on his conspiracy , and reveals that Jamie 's baby represents a new cycle of Michael 's evil that he kept secret from most of the cult who were focused on inflicting the curse onto a new child ( Danny ) to carry out a new trend of family sacrifices . Loomis calls Wynn out on his scheme and is knocked unconscious . </P> <P> Later , Michael butchers Wynn 's team of staff surgeons during a medical procedure and Wynn himself during a medical procedure with Danny and Steven sitting in a room next door . Tommy finds and frees Kara , Danny , and Steven ; they flee from Michael and hide in a laboratory . Regaining consciousness , Loomis helps Kara and the children escape the hospital . When Michael breaks into the room , Tommy injects him with a corrosive liquid and beats him unconscious with a lead pipe . As Tommy , Kara , Danny , and Steven leave , Loomis refuses to come with them as he has `` a little business to attend to '' . Back inside the building , Michael 's mask is seen lying on the floor of the lab room and Loomis is heard screaming in the background , leaving the fate of both characters unknown . </P> <H2> Cast ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Donald Pleasence as Dr. Sam Loomis </Li> <Li> Paul Rudd ( credited as Paul Stephen Rudd ) as Tommy Doyle </Li> <Li> Marianne Hagan as Kara Strode </Li> <Li> Devin Gardner as Danny Strode </Li> <Li> George P. Wilbur as Michael Myers <Ul> <Li> A. Michael Lerner as Michael Myers ( reshoots ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Mitchell Ryan as Dr. Terence Wynn </Li> <Li> J.C. Brandy as Jamie Lloyd <Ul> <Li> Danielle Harris as Young Jamie Lloyd ( archive footage ; Producer 's Cut only ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Mariah O'Brien as Beth </Li> <Li> Keith Bogart as Tim Strode </Li> <Li> Kim Darby as Debra Strode </Li> <Li> Bradford English as John Strode </Li> <Li> Leo Geter as Barry Simms </Li> <Li> Susan Swift as Nurse Mary </Li> <Li> Alan Echeverria as Dr. Bonham </Li> <Li> Janice Knickrehm as Mrs. Blankenship </Li> </Ul> <H2> Production ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Concept and writing ( edit ) </H3> The Runic symbol of Thorn , which is a major theme in the film . <P> After the less than enthusiastic response to Halloween 5 which came out only a year after Halloween 4 , producer Moustapha Akkad put the series on hold to re-evaluate its potential . Akkad felt Halloween 5 had strayed too far from Halloween 4 and the box office response was much lower than expected . In 1990 , screenwriter and long - time Halloween fan Daniel Farrands set out to write the sixth entry in the Halloween series . Farrands gave his horror movie scripts to the producer of Halloween 5 , Ramsey Thomas ; impressed by his writing , Thomas set a meeting for Farrands with executive producer Moustapha Akkad . Farrands described the meeting : </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` </Td> <Td> I spent weeks preparing for the meeting and came in with a huge notebook filled with Halloween research -- I had the entire series laid out in a timeline , a bio of every character , a `` family tree '' of the Myers and Strode clans , as well as all of the research I had compiled about the runic symbol ( Thorn ) that was briefly shown in `` Halloween 5 . '' I then laid out how I thought all of this might be explored in Halloween 6 . </Td> <Td> '' </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Although the producers at the time had already sought to make a sixth Halloween film , a series of complicated legal battles ensued which delayed plans for a sequel ; eventually Miramax Films ( via its Dimension Films division ) bought the rights to the Halloween series . </P> <P> In June 1994 , after several screenplays from different writers had been deemed insufficient by Akkad ( including one by Scott Spiegel ) , Farrands was hired to write a new screenplay , as the film had an impending shooting date scheduled for October in Salt Lake City , Utah . Farrands has said his initial intent for the film was to `` bridge the later films ( 4 - 5 ) in the series to the earlier films ( 1 - 2 ) while at the same time taking the story into new territory so that the series could expand for future installments . '' This in part meant expanding on the presence of the `` Man in Black '' as well as the appearance of the Thorn symbol , both of which appear without explanation at the end of Halloween 5 . In beginning the script , Farrands contacted the writers of Halloween 4 and 5 for additional information , but they were unable to provide clear answers , leaving him to `` pick up the pieces . '' </P> <P> Farrands expanded the `` Curse of Thorn '' plot line , in which Jamie Lloyd is kidnapped by a covert cult who has cursed Michael Myers via the Runic symbol of Thorn , which compels him to kill and also affords him immortality . Farrands had in part based the idea on dialogue present in Halloween II ( 1981 ) about the night of Samhain , during which the `` veil between the living and the dead is thinnest , '' the one time of the year during which Myers became `` active , and seeks out his bloodline . '' References to Druidism as well as Myers 's grandfather `` hearing voices '' had also appeared in the 1978 novelization of Halloween by Curtis Richards . While the character of Jamie Lloyd dies early in the film , the initial versions of Farrands ' script had her character surviving until the final act , at which point she was ultimately killed by Michael . Other elements of Farrands ' working script that ultimately had to be trimmed down included an extension of the Curse of Thorn subplot , which had the entire town of Haddonfield in collusion with the cult , an idea Akkad wanted to use for the series ' seventh installment . However , this idea was scrapped in favor of the Halloween H20 script in 1997 . </P> <P> According to Farrands , there were around ten different drafts of his script between June 1994 and the October 1994 film shoot , and much of the finale that appears in the theatrical version ( including the events at the hospital , as well as the references to the cult using Myers 's power as a means of scientific investigation ) , was not written by h\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Wynn" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1804, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\nrifice . While Tommy goes out to look for Loomis , Mrs. Blankenship reveals to Kara that she was babysitting Michael the night he killed his sister , and that Danny is hearing a voice telling him to kill just like Michael did , indicating Danny also possesses the power of Thorn . Meanwhile , Michael kills John , Tim , Tim 's girlfriend Beth , and Barry Simms . After Tommy returns home with Loomis , the Man in Black reveals himself to be Wynn . The cult take Kara , Danny , Steven , and Michael to Smith 's Grove . There , Loomis confronts Wynn , who reveals he wants to control and study the power of Thorn . Wynn wants Loomis to join in on his conspiracy , and reveals that Jamie 's baby represents a new cycle of Michael 's evil that he kept secret from most of the cult who were focused on inflicting the curse onto a new child ( Danny ) to carry out a new trend of family sacrifices . Loomis calls Wynn out on his scheme and is knocked unconscious . </P> <P> Later , Michael butchers Wynn 's team of staff surgeons during a medical procedure and Wynn himself during a medical procedure with Danny and Steven sitting in a room next door . Tommy finds and frees Kara , Danny , and Steven ; they flee from Michael and hide in a laboratory . Regaining consciousness , Loomis helps Kara and the children escape the hospital . When Michael breaks into the room , Tommy injects him with a corrosive liquid and beats him unconscious with a lead pipe . As Tommy , Kara , Danny , and Steven leave , Loomis refuses to come with them as he has `` a little business to attend to '' . Back inside the building , Michael 's mask is seen lying on the floor of the lab room and Loomis is heard screaming in the background , leaving the fate of both characters unknown . </P> <H2> Cast ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Donald Pleasence as Dr. Sam Loomis </Li> <Li> Paul Rudd ( credited as Paul Stephen Rudd ) as Tommy Doyle </Li> <Li> Marianne Hagan as Kara Strode </Li> <Li> Devin Gardner as Danny Strode </Li> <Li> George P. Wilbur as Michael Myers <Ul> <Li> A. Michael Lerner as Michael Myers ( reshoots ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Mitchell Ryan as Dr. Terence Wynn </Li> <Li> J.C. Brandy as Jamie Lloyd <Ul> <Li> Danielle Harris as Young Jamie Lloyd ( archive footage ; Producer 's Cut only ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Mariah O'Brien as Beth </Li> <Li> Keith Bogart as Tim Strode </Li> <Li> Kim Darby as Debra Strode </Li> <Li> Bradford English as John Strode </Li> <Li> Leo Geter as Barry Simms </Li> <Li> Susan Swift as Nurse Mary </Li> <Li> Alan Echeverria as Dr. Bonham </Li> <Li> Janice Knickrehm as Mrs. Blankenship </Li> </Ul> <H2> Production ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Concept and writing ( edit ) </H3> The Runic symbol of Thorn , which is a major theme in the film . <P> After the less than enthusiastic response to Halloween 5 which came out only a year after Halloween 4 , producer Moustapha Akkad put the series on hold to re-evaluate its potential . Akkad felt Halloween 5 had strayed too far from Halloween 4 and the box office response was much lower than expected . In 1990 , screenwriter and long - time Halloween fan Daniel Farrands set out to write the sixth entry in the Halloween series . Farrands gave his horror movie scripts to the producer of Halloween 5 , Ramsey Thomas ; impressed by his writing , Thomas set a meeting for Farrands with executive producer Moustapha Akkad . Farrands described the meeting : </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` </Td> <Td> I spent weeks preparing for the meeting and came in with a huge notebook filled with Halloween research -- I had the entire series laid out in a timeline , a bio of every character , a `` family tree '' of the Myers and Strode clans , as well as all of the research I had compiled about the runic symbol ( Thorn ) that was briefly shown in `` Halloween 5 . '' I then laid out how I thought all of this might be explored in Halloween 6 . </Td> <Td> '' </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Although the producers at the time had already sought to make a sixth Halloween film , a series of complicated legal battles ensued which delayed plans for a sequel ; eventually Miramax Films ( via its Dimension Films division ) bought the rights to the Halloween series . </P> <P> In June 1994 , after several screenplays from different writers had been deemed insufficient by Akkad ( including one by Scott Spiegel ) , Farrands was hired to write a new screenplay , as the film had an impending shooting date scheduled for October in Salt Lake City , Utah . Farrands has said his initial intent for the film was to `` bridge the later films ( 4 - 5 ) in the series to the earlier films ( 1 - 2 ) while at the same time taking the story into new territory so that the series could expand for future installments . '' This in part meant expanding on the presence of the `` Man in Black '' as well as the appearance of the Thorn symbol , both of which appear without explanation at the end of Halloween 5 . In beginning the script , Farrands contacted the writers of Halloween 4 and 5 for additional information , but they were unable to provide clear answers , leaving him to `` pick up the pieces . '' </P> <P> Farrands expanded the `` Curse of Thorn '' plot line , in which Jamie Lloyd is kidnapped by a covert cult who has cursed Michael Myers via the Runic symbol of Thorn , which compels him to kill and also affords him immortality . Farrands had in part based the idea on dialogue present in Halloween II ( 1981 ) about the night of Samhain , during which the `` veil between the living and the dead is thinnest , '' the one time of the year during which Myers became `` active , and seeks out his bloodline . '' References to Druidism as well as Myers 's grandfather `` hearing voices '' had also appeared in the 1978 novelization of Halloween by Curtis Richards . While the character of Jamie Lloyd dies early in the film , the initial versions of Farrands ' script had her character surviving until the final act , at which point she was ultimately killed by Michael . Other elements of Farrands ' working script that ultimately had to be trimmed down included an extension of the Curse of Thorn subplot , which had the entire town of Haddonfield in collusion with the cult , an idea Akkad wanted to use for the series ' seventh installment . However , this idea was scrapped in favor of the Halloween H20 script in 1997 . </P> <P> According to Farrands , there were around ten different drafts of his \n\nQuestion:\nhalloween 6 who is the man in black\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Wynn" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1804, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nhalloween 6 who is the man in black\n\nDocument:\nrifice . While Tommy goes out to look for Loomis , Mrs. Blankenship reveals to Kara that she was babysitting Michael the night he killed his sister , and that Danny is hearing a voice telling him to kill just like Michael did , indicating Danny also possesses the power of Thorn . Meanwhile , Michael kills John , Tim , Tim 's girlfriend Beth , and Barry Simms . After Tommy returns home with Loomis , the Man in Black reveals himself to be Wynn . The cult take Kara , Danny , Steven , and Michael to Smith 's Grove . There , Loomis confronts Wynn , who reveals he wants to control and study the power of Thorn . Wynn wants Loomis to join in on his conspiracy , and reveals that Jamie 's baby represents a new cycle of Michael 's evil that he kept secret from most of the cult who were focused on inflicting the curse onto a new child ( Danny ) to carry out a new trend of family sacrifices . Loomis calls Wynn out on his scheme and is knocked unconscious . </P> <P> Later , Michael butchers Wynn 's team of staff surgeons during a medical procedure and Wynn himself during a medical procedure with Danny and Steven sitting in a room next door . Tommy finds and frees Kara , Danny , and Steven ; they flee from Michael and hide in a laboratory . Regaining consciousness , Loomis helps Kara and the children escape the hospital . When Michael breaks into the room , Tommy injects him with a corrosive liquid and beats him unconscious with a lead pipe . As Tommy , Kara , Danny , and Steven leave , Loomis refuses to come with them as he has `` a little business to attend to '' . Back inside the building , Michael 's mask is seen lying on the floor of the lab room and Loomis is heard screaming in the background , leaving the fate of both characters unknown . </P> <H2> Cast ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Donald Pleasence as Dr. Sam Loomis </Li> <Li> Paul Rudd ( credited as Paul Stephen Rudd ) as Tommy Doyle </Li> <Li> Marianne Hagan as Kara Strode </Li> <Li> Devin Gardner as Danny Strode </Li> <Li> George P. Wilbur as Michael Myers <Ul> <Li> A. Michael Lerner as Michael Myers ( reshoots ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Mitchell Ryan as Dr. Terence Wynn </Li> <Li> J.C. Brandy as Jamie Lloyd <Ul> <Li> Danielle Harris as Young Jamie Lloyd ( archive footage ; Producer 's Cut only ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Mariah O'Brien as Beth </Li> <Li> Keith Bogart as Tim Strode </Li> <Li> Kim Darby as Debra Strode </Li> <Li> Bradford English as John Strode </Li> <Li> Leo Geter as Barry Simms </Li> <Li> Susan Swift as Nurse Mary </Li> <Li> Alan Echeverria as Dr. Bonham </Li> <Li> Janice Knickrehm as Mrs. Blankenship </Li> </Ul> <H2> Production ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Concept and writing ( edit ) </H3> The Runic symbol of Thorn , which is a major theme in the film . <P> After the less than enthusiastic response to Halloween 5 which came out only a year after Halloween 4 , producer Moustapha Akkad put the series on hold to re-evaluate its potential . Akkad felt Halloween 5 had strayed too far from Halloween 4 and the box office response was much lower than expected . In 1990 , screenwriter and long - time Halloween fan Daniel Farrands set out to write the sixth entry in the Halloween series . Farrands gave his horror movie scripts to the producer of Halloween 5 , Ramsey Thomas ; impressed by his writing , Thomas set a meeting for Farrands with executive producer Moustapha Akkad . Farrands described the meeting : </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` </Td> <Td> I spent weeks preparing for the meeting and came in with a huge notebook filled with Halloween research -- I had the entire series laid out in a timeline , a bio of every character , a `` family tree '' of the Myers and Strode clans , as well as all of the research I had compiled about the runic symbol ( Thorn ) that was briefly shown in `` Halloween 5 . '' I then laid out how I thought all of this might be explored in Halloween 6 . </Td> <Td> '' </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Although the producers at the time had already sought to make a sixth Halloween film , a series of complicated legal battles ensued which delayed plans for a sequel ; eventually Miramax Films ( via its Dimension Films division ) bought the rights to the Halloween series . </P> <P> In June 1994 , after several screenplays from different writers had been deemed insufficient by Akkad ( including one by Scott Spiegel ) , Farrands was hired to write a new screenplay , as the film had an impending shooting date scheduled for October in Salt Lake City , Utah . Farrands has said his initial intent for the film was to `` bridge the later films ( 4 - 5 ) in the series to the earlier films ( 1 - 2 ) while at the same time taking the story into new territory so that the series could expand for future installments . '' This in part meant expanding on the presence of the `` Man in Black '' as well as the appearance of the Thorn symbol , both of which appear without explanation at the end of Halloween 5 . In beginning the script , Farrands contacted the writers of Halloween 4 and 5 for additional information , but they were unable to provide clear answers , leaving him to `` pick up the pieces . '' </P> <P> Farrands expanded the `` Curse of Thorn '' plot line , in which Jamie Lloyd is kidnapped by a covert cult who has cursed Michael Myers via the Runic symbol of Thorn , which compels him to kill and also affords him immortality . Farrands had in part based the idea on dialogue present in Halloween II ( 1981 ) about the night of Samhain , during which the `` veil between the living and the dead is thinnest , '' the one time of the year during which Myers became `` active , and seeks out his bloodline . '' References to Druidism as well as Myers 's grandfather `` hearing voices '' had also appeared in the 1978 novelization of Halloween by Curtis Richards . While the character of Jamie Lloyd dies early in the film , the initial versions of Farrands ' script had her character surviving until the final act , at which point she was ultimately killed by Michael . Other elements of Farrands ' working script that ultimately had to be trimmed down included an extension of the Curse of Thorn subplot , which had the entire town of Haddonfield in collusion with the cult , an idea Akkad wanted to use for the series ' seventh installment . However , this idea was scrapped in favor of the Halloween H20 script in 1997 . </P> <P> According to Farrands , there were around ten different drafts of his \n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Wynn" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1963, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\n/Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Running time </Th> <Td> 88 minutes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Language </Th> <Td> English </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Budget </Th> <Td> $5 million </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Box office </Th> <Td> $15.1 million </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Halloween : The Curse of Michael Myers is a 1995 American slasher film directed by Joe Chappelle , written by Daniel Farrands , and starring Paul Rudd , Marianne Hagan , and Donald Pleasence . The sixth installment in the Halloween film series , it follows a young woman living with her family in Michael Myers 's childhood home who finds herself stalked by Myers on Halloween . At her aid is Tommy Doyle , a returning character from the original Halloween film , and Dr. Sam Loomis . The plot of the film formally introduced the `` Curse of Thorn '' , a mystical symbol first referenced in The Revenge of Michael Myers ( 1989 ) and revealed in the film to be the source of Michael Myers 's immortality and drive to kill . </P> <P> Halloween : The Curse of Michael Myers was released almost six years after their previous Halloween film , making it one of the longest gaps in the franchise . Shot in Salt Lake City in the winter of 1994 -- 95 , the film underwent a series of reshoots after it performed poorly with test audiences , resulting in a final product that was significantly different -- both tonally and narratively -- from the original script . The film was distributed by Miramax 's Dimension Films , and opened in the fall of 1995 , earning $7.3 million dollars during its opening weekend , coming in second to the New Line Cinema thriller Seven . </P> <P> After the film 's home media release , the original workprint of the film ( which featured 43 minutes of alternative footage and an alternate ending ) was discovered by fans of the series . This version , dubbed The Producer 's Cut , developed a cult following , with bootleg DVD copies sold on eBay and online petitions targeting for an official release of it . In 2014 , The Producer 's Cut was officially released on Blu - ray . </P> <P> Halloween : The Curse of Michael Myers and the Thorn plotline would be rendered non-canon in succeeding installments , Halloween H20 : 20 Years Later and Halloween : Resurrection . However , the 2001 Halloween comic book series published by Chaos Comics -- and based on Farrands ' concept for the eighth Halloween film -- attempts to bridge the continuity between The Curse of Michael Myers and Halloween H20 : 20 Years Later . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Plot </Li> <Li> 2 Cast </Li> <Li> 3 Production <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Concept and writing <Ul> <Li> 3.1. 1 Allusions and references </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3.2 Casting </Li> <Li> 3.3 Filming <Ul> <Li> 3.3. 1 Reshoots </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Post-production <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Musical score </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Release <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Box office </Li> <Li> 5.2 Critical reception </Li> <Li> 5.3 Home media </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Alternate versions <Ul> <Li> 6.1 The Producer 's Cut </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> <Li> 8 Works cited </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Plot ( edit ) </H2> <P> On October 31 , 1989 , Michael Myers and his niece Jamie Lloyd are abducted from the Haddonfield Police Station . Six years later , on October 30 , 1995 , Jamie has been impregnated and her baby is born , being taken away by the `` Man in Black '' , the leader of a Druid - like cult . Later , a midwife helps Jamie escape with her baby and is soon killed by Michael by impaling the back of her skull into a protruding sharp metal spike high on the wall . Jamie and her baby flee in a stolen pick - up truck . Stopping briefly at a deserted bus station , Jamie makes a call to a Haddonfield radio station to warn them that Michael is about to return home , only to be ignored by the radio D.J. Barry Simms . </P> <P> Meanwhile , the retired Dr. Sam Loomis is visited by his friend Dr. Terence Wynn , the chief administrator of Smith 's Grove Sanitarium , where Michael had been incarcerated as a boy ; Wynn asks Loomis to return to Smith 's Grove . They overhear Jamie 's plea for help on a local radio station . Michael finds Jamie , and she crashes the truck into an old barn . He kills Jamie by impaling her on a corn thresher and turning it on , disemboweling her , but finds that her baby is not in the truck . </P> <P> Back in Haddonfield , Tommy Doyle , whom Laurie Strode babysat in 1978 , now lives in a boarding house run by Mrs. Blankenship . The family living in the Myers house across the street are relatives of the Strode family : Kara Strode , her six - year - old son Danny , her teenage brother Tim , caring mother Debra , and abusive father John . Ever since seeing Michael as a child , Tommy has been obsessed with finding the truth behind his motives . He finds Jamie 's baby at the bus station , takes him into his care , and names him Steven . Tommy runs into Loomis and tells him about the Strode family living in the Myers house . The two believe Michael has returned to Haddonfield . </P> <P> Michael enters his home and kills Debra . Later , Tommy , Kara , and Danny go to the boarding house , where Tommy reveals that he believes Michael has been inflicted with Thorn , an ancient Druid curse . Long ago , one child from each tribe , chosen to bear the curse of Thorn , must sacrifice its next of kin on the night of Samhain , or Halloween . Tommy believes that Steven will be Michael 's final sacrifice . While Tommy goes out to look for Loomis , Mrs. Blankenship reveals to Kara that she was babysitting Michael the night he killed his sister , and that Danny is hearing a voice telling him to kill just like Michael did , indicating Danny also possesses the power of Thorn . Meanwhile , Michael kills John , Tim , Tim 's girlfriend Beth , and Barry Simms . After Tommy returns home with Loomis , the Man in Black reveals himself to be Wynn . The cult take Kara , Danny , Steven , and Michael to Smith 's Grove . There , Loomis confronts Wynn , who reveals he wants to control and study the power of Thorn . Wynn wants Loomis to join in on his conspiracy , and reveals that Jamie 's baby represents a new cycle of Michael 's evil that he kept secret from most of the cult who were focused on inflicting the curse onto a new child ( Danny ) to carry out a new trend of\n\nQuestion:\nhalloween 6 who is the man in black\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Wynn" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1963, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nhalloween 6 who is the man in black\n\nDocument:\n/Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Running time </Th> <Td> 88 minutes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Language </Th> <Td> English </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Budget </Th> <Td> $5 million </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Box office </Th> <Td> $15.1 million </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Halloween : The Curse of Michael Myers is a 1995 American slasher film directed by Joe Chappelle , written by Daniel Farrands , and starring Paul Rudd , Marianne Hagan , and Donald Pleasence . The sixth installment in the Halloween film series , it follows a young woman living with her family in Michael Myers 's childhood home who finds herself stalked by Myers on Halloween . At her aid is Tommy Doyle , a returning character from the original Halloween film , and Dr. Sam Loomis . The plot of the film formally introduced the `` Curse of Thorn '' , a mystical symbol first referenced in The Revenge of Michael Myers ( 1989 ) and revealed in the film to be the source of Michael Myers 's immortality and drive to kill . </P> <P> Halloween : The Curse of Michael Myers was released almost six years after their previous Halloween film , making it one of the longest gaps in the franchise . Shot in Salt Lake City in the winter of 1994 -- 95 , the film underwent a series of reshoots after it performed poorly with test audiences , resulting in a final product that was significantly different -- both tonally and narratively -- from the original script . The film was distributed by Miramax 's Dimension Films , and opened in the fall of 1995 , earning $7.3 million dollars during its opening weekend , coming in second to the New Line Cinema thriller Seven . </P> <P> After the film 's home media release , the original workprint of the film ( which featured 43 minutes of alternative footage and an alternate ending ) was discovered by fans of the series . This version , dubbed The Producer 's Cut , developed a cult following , with bootleg DVD copies sold on eBay and online petitions targeting for an official release of it . In 2014 , The Producer 's Cut was officially released on Blu - ray . </P> <P> Halloween : The Curse of Michael Myers and the Thorn plotline would be rendered non-canon in succeeding installments , Halloween H20 : 20 Years Later and Halloween : Resurrection . However , the 2001 Halloween comic book series published by Chaos Comics -- and based on Farrands ' concept for the eighth Halloween film -- attempts to bridge the continuity between The Curse of Michael Myers and Halloween H20 : 20 Years Later . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Plot </Li> <Li> 2 Cast </Li> <Li> 3 Production <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Concept and writing <Ul> <Li> 3.1. 1 Allusions and references </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3.2 Casting </Li> <Li> 3.3 Filming <Ul> <Li> 3.3. 1 Reshoots </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Post-production <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Musical score </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Release <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Box office </Li> <Li> 5.2 Critical reception </Li> <Li> 5.3 Home media </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Alternate versions <Ul> <Li> 6.1 The Producer 's Cut </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> <Li> 8 Works cited </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Plot ( edit ) </H2> <P> On October 31 , 1989 , Michael Myers and his niece Jamie Lloyd are abducted from the Haddonfield Police Station . Six years later , on October 30 , 1995 , Jamie has been impregnated and her baby is born , being taken away by the `` Man in Black '' , the leader of a Druid - like cult . Later , a midwife helps Jamie escape with her baby and is soon killed by Michael by impaling the back of her skull into a protruding sharp metal spike high on the wall . Jamie and her baby flee in a stolen pick - up truck . Stopping briefly at a deserted bus station , Jamie makes a call to a Haddonfield radio station to warn them that Michael is about to return home , only to be ignored by the radio D.J. Barry Simms . </P> <P> Meanwhile , the retired Dr. Sam Loomis is visited by his friend Dr. Terence Wynn , the chief administrator of Smith 's Grove Sanitarium , where Michael had been incarcerated as a boy ; Wynn asks Loomis to return to Smith 's Grove . They overhear Jamie 's plea for help on a local radio station . Michael finds Jamie , and she crashes the truck into an old barn . He kills Jamie by impaling her on a corn thresher and turning it on , disemboweling her , but finds that her baby is not in the truck . </P> <P> Back in Haddonfield , Tommy Doyle , whom Laurie Strode babysat in 1978 , now lives in a boarding house run by Mrs. Blankenship . The family living in the Myers house across the street are relatives of the Strode family : Kara Strode , her six - year - old son Danny , her teenage brother Tim , caring mother Debra , and abusive father John . Ever since seeing Michael as a child , Tommy has been obsessed with finding the truth behind his motives . He finds Jamie 's baby at the bus station , takes him into his care , and names him Steven . Tommy runs into Loomis and tells him about the Strode family living in the Myers house . The two believe Michael has returned to Haddonfield . </P> <P> Michael enters his home and kills Debra . Later , Tommy , Kara , and Danny go to the boarding house , where Tommy reveals that he believes Michael has been inflicted with Thorn , an ancient Druid curse . Long ago , one child from each tribe , chosen to bear the curse of Thorn , must sacrifice its next of kin on the night of Samhain , or Halloween . Tommy believes that Steven will be Michael 's final sacrifice . While Tommy goes out to look for Loomis , Mrs. Blankenship reveals to Kara that she was babysitting Michael the night he killed his sister , and that Danny is hearing a voice telling him to kill just like Michael did , indicating Danny also possesses the power of Thorn . Meanwhile , Michael kills John , Tim , Tim 's girlfriend Beth , and Barry Simms . After Tommy returns home with Loomis , the Man in Black reveals himself to be Wynn . The cult take Kara , Danny , Steven , and Michael to Smith 's Grove . There , Loomis confronts Wynn , who reveals he wants to control and study the power of Thorn . Wynn wants Loomis to join in on his conspiracy , and reveals that Jamie 's baby represents a new cycle of Michael 's evil that he kept secret from most of the cult who were focused on inflicting the curse onto a new child ( Danny ) to carry out a new trend of\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Wynn" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 2159, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\n<Td> Allen , Ray Ray Allen * </Td> <Td> SG </Td> <Td> Milwaukee Bucks ( 1996 -- 2003 ) Seattle SuperSonics ( 2003 -- 2007 ) Boston Celtics ( 2007 -- 2012 ) Miami Heat ( 2012 -- 2014 ) </Td> <Td> 2,973 </Td> <Td> 7,429 </Td> <Td> . 400 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Miller , Reggie Reggie Miller * </Td> <Td> SG </Td> <Td> Indiana Pacers ( 1987 -- 2005 ) </Td> <Td> 2,560 </Td> <Td> 6,486 </Td> <Td> . 395 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Terry , Jason Jason Terry ^ </Td> <Td> SG / PG </Td> <Td> Atlanta Hawks ( 1999 -- 2004 ) Dallas Mavericks ( 2004 -- 2012 ) Boston Celtics ( 2012 -- 2013 ) Brooklyn Nets ( 2013 -- 2014 ) Houston Rockets ( 2014 -- 2016 ) Milwaukee Bucks ( 2016 -- present ) </Td> <Td> 2,282 </Td> <Td> 6,010 </Td> <Td> . 380 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Korver , Kyle Kyle Korver ^ </Td> <Td> SG / SF </Td> <Td> Philadelphia 76ers ( 2003 -- 2007 ) Utah Jazz ( 2007 -- 2010 ) Chicago Bulls ( 2010 -- 2012 ) Atlanta Hawks ( 2012 -- 2017 ) Cleveland Cavaliers ( 2017 -- present ) </Td> <Td> 2,213 </Td> <Td> 5,130 </Td> <Td> . 431 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Crawford , Jamal Jamal Crawford ^ </Td> <Td> SG / PG </Td> <Td> Chicago Bulls ( 2000 -- 2004 ) New York Knicks ( 2004 -- 2008 ) Golden State Warriors ( 2008 -- 2009 ) Atlanta Hawks ( 2009 -- 2011 ) Portland Trail Blazers ( 2011 -- 2012 ) Los Angeles Clippers ( 2012 -- 2017 ) Minnesota Timberwolves ( 2017 -- present ) </Td> <Td> 2,153 </Td> <Td> 6,175 </Td> <Td> . 349 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> Pierce , Paul Paul Pierce </Td> <Td> SF </Td> <Td> Boston Celtics ( 1999 -- 2013 ) Brooklyn Nets ( 2013 -- 2014 ) Washington Wizards ( 2014 -- 2015 ) Los Angeles Clippers ( 2015 -- 2017 ) </Td> <Td> 2,143 </Td> <Td> 5,816 </Td> <Td> . 368 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> Curry , Stephen Stephen Curry ^ </Td> <Td> PG </Td> <Td> Golden State Warriors ( 2009 -- present ) </Td> <Td> 2,129 </Td> <Td> 4,880 </Td> <Td> . 436 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> Carter , Vince Vince Carter ^ </Td> <Td> SG / SF </Td> <Td> Toronto Raptors ( 1999 -- 2004 ) New Jersey Nets ( 2004 -- 2009 ) Orlando Magic ( 2009 -- 2010 ) Phoenix Suns ( 2010 -- 2011 ) Dallas Mavericks ( 2011 -- 2014 ) Memphis Grizzlies ( 2014 -- 2017 ) Sacramento Kings ( 2017 -- present ) </Td> <Td> 2,106 </Td> <Td> 5,650 </Td> <Td> . 373 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> Kidd , Jason Jason Kidd * </Td> <Td> PG </Td> <Td> Dallas Mavericks ( 1994 -- 1996 , 2008 -- 2012 ) Phoenix Suns ( 1996 -- 2001 ) New Jersey Nets ( 2001 -- 2008 ) New York Knicks ( 2012 -- 2013 ) </Td> <Td> 1,988 </Td> <Td> 5,701 </Td> <Td> . 349 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> Johnson , Joe Joe Johnson ^ </Td> <Td> SG / SF </Td> <Td> Boston Celtics ( 2001 -- 2002 ) Phoenix Suns ( 2002 -- 2005 ) Atlanta Hawks ( 2005 -- 2012 ) Brooklyn Nets ( 2012 -- 2016 ) Miami Heat ( 2016 ) Utah Jazz ( 2016 -- 2018 ) Houston Rockets ( 2018 -- present ) </Td> <Td> 1,978 </Td> <Td> 5,331 </Td> <Td> . 371 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> Nowitzki , Dirk Dirk Nowitzki ^ </Td> <Td> PF </Td> <Td> Dallas Mavericks ( 1999 -- present ) </Td> <Td> 1,918 </Td> <Td> 5,005 </Td> <Td> . 383 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 12 </Td> <Td> Smith , J.R. J.R. Smith ^ </Td> <Td> SG </Td> <Td> New Orleans ( / Oklahoma City ) Hornets ( 2004 -- 2006 ) Denver Nuggets ( 2006 -- 2011 ) New York Knicks ( 2011 -- 2015 ) Cleveland Cavaliers ( 2015 -- present ) </Td> <Td> 1,917 </Td> <Td> 5,128 </Td> <Td> . 374 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 13 </Td> <Td> Billups , Chauncey Chauncey Billups </Td> <Td> PG / SG </Td> <Td> Boston Celtics ( 1997 -- 1998 ) Toronto Raptors ( 1998 ) Denver Nuggets ( 19 99 , 2008 -- 2011 ) Minnesota Timberwolves ( 2000 -- 2002 ) Detroit Pistons ( 2002 -- 2008 , 2013 -- 2014 ) New York Knicks ( 2011 ) Los Ange\n\nQuestion:\nwho has the most 3-pointers of all time\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Ray Allen" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 2159, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nwho has the most 3-pointers of all time\n\nDocument:\n<Td> Allen , Ray Ray Allen * </Td> <Td> SG </Td> <Td> Milwaukee Bucks ( 1996 -- 2003 ) Seattle SuperSonics ( 2003 -- 2007 ) Boston Celtics ( 2007 -- 2012 ) Miami Heat ( 2012 -- 2014 ) </Td> <Td> 2,973 </Td> <Td> 7,429 </Td> <Td> . 400 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Miller , Reggie Reggie Miller * </Td> <Td> SG </Td> <Td> Indiana Pacers ( 1987 -- 2005 ) </Td> <Td> 2,560 </Td> <Td> 6,486 </Td> <Td> . 395 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Terry , Jason Jason Terry ^ </Td> <Td> SG / PG </Td> <Td> Atlanta Hawks ( 1999 -- 2004 ) Dallas Mavericks ( 2004 -- 2012 ) Boston Celtics ( 2012 -- 2013 ) Brooklyn Nets ( 2013 -- 2014 ) Houston Rockets ( 2014 -- 2016 ) Milwaukee Bucks ( 2016 -- present ) </Td> <Td> 2,282 </Td> <Td> 6,010 </Td> <Td> . 380 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Korver , Kyle Kyle Korver ^ </Td> <Td> SG / SF </Td> <Td> Philadelphia 76ers ( 2003 -- 2007 ) Utah Jazz ( 2007 -- 2010 ) Chicago Bulls ( 2010 -- 2012 ) Atlanta Hawks ( 2012 -- 2017 ) Cleveland Cavaliers ( 2017 -- present ) </Td> <Td> 2,213 </Td> <Td> 5,130 </Td> <Td> . 431 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Crawford , Jamal Jamal Crawford ^ </Td> <Td> SG / PG </Td> <Td> Chicago Bulls ( 2000 -- 2004 ) New York Knicks ( 2004 -- 2008 ) Golden State Warriors ( 2008 -- 2009 ) Atlanta Hawks ( 2009 -- 2011 ) Portland Trail Blazers ( 2011 -- 2012 ) Los Angeles Clippers ( 2012 -- 2017 ) Minnesota Timberwolves ( 2017 -- present ) </Td> <Td> 2,153 </Td> <Td> 6,175 </Td> <Td> . 349 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> Pierce , Paul Paul Pierce </Td> <Td> SF </Td> <Td> Boston Celtics ( 1999 -- 2013 ) Brooklyn Nets ( 2013 -- 2014 ) Washington Wizards ( 2014 -- 2015 ) Los Angeles Clippers ( 2015 -- 2017 ) </Td> <Td> 2,143 </Td> <Td> 5,816 </Td> <Td> . 368 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> Curry , Stephen Stephen Curry ^ </Td> <Td> PG </Td> <Td> Golden State Warriors ( 2009 -- present ) </Td> <Td> 2,129 </Td> <Td> 4,880 </Td> <Td> . 436 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> Carter , Vince Vince Carter ^ </Td> <Td> SG / SF </Td> <Td> Toronto Raptors ( 1999 -- 2004 ) New Jersey Nets ( 2004 -- 2009 ) Orlando Magic ( 2009 -- 2010 ) Phoenix Suns ( 2010 -- 2011 ) Dallas Mavericks ( 2011 -- 2014 ) Memphis Grizzlies ( 2014 -- 2017 ) Sacramento Kings ( 2017 -- present ) </Td> <Td> 2,106 </Td> <Td> 5,650 </Td> <Td> . 373 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> Kidd , Jason Jason Kidd * </Td> <Td> PG </Td> <Td> Dallas Mavericks ( 1994 -- 1996 , 2008 -- 2012 ) Phoenix Suns ( 1996 -- 2001 ) New Jersey Nets ( 2001 -- 2008 ) New York Knicks ( 2012 -- 2013 ) </Td> <Td> 1,988 </Td> <Td> 5,701 </Td> <Td> . 349 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> Johnson , Joe Joe Johnson ^ </Td> <Td> SG / SF </Td> <Td> Boston Celtics ( 2001 -- 2002 ) Phoenix Suns ( 2002 -- 2005 ) Atlanta Hawks ( 2005 -- 2012 ) Brooklyn Nets ( 2012 -- 2016 ) Miami Heat ( 2016 ) Utah Jazz ( 2016 -- 2018 ) Houston Rockets ( 2018 -- present ) </Td> <Td> 1,978 </Td> <Td> 5,331 </Td> <Td> . 371 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> Nowitzki , Dirk Dirk Nowitzki ^ </Td> <Td> PF </Td> <Td> Dallas Mavericks ( 1999 -- present ) </Td> <Td> 1,918 </Td> <Td> 5,005 </Td> <Td> . 383 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 12 </Td> <Td> Smith , J.R. J.R. Smith ^ </Td> <Td> SG </Td> <Td> New Orleans ( / Oklahoma City ) Hornets ( 2004 -- 2006 ) Denver Nuggets ( 2006 -- 2011 ) New York Knicks ( 2011 -- 2015 ) Cleveland Cavaliers ( 2015 -- present ) </Td> <Td> 1,917 </Td> <Td> 5,128 </Td> <Td> . 374 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 13 </Td> <Td> Billups , Chauncey Chauncey Billups </Td> <Td> PG / SG </Td> <Td> Boston Celtics ( 1997 -- 1998 ) Toronto Raptors ( 1998 ) Denver Nuggets ( 19 99 , 2008 -- 2011 ) Minnesota Timberwolves ( 2000 -- 2002 ) Detroit Pistons ( 2002 -- 2008 , 2013 -- 2014 ) New York Knicks ( 2011 ) Los Ange\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Ray Allen" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 2074, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\nhe Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> † </Td> <Td> Not yet eligible for Hall of Fame consideration </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> § </Td> <Td> 1st time nominee for Hall of Fame in 2018 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Rank </Th> <Th> Name </Th> <Th> Position ( s ) </Th> <Th> Team ( s ) played for ( years ) </Th> <Th> Total 3 - point field goals made </Th> <Th> Total 3 - point field goals attempted </Th> <Th> 3 - point field goal percentage </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Allen , Ray Ray Allen * </Td> <Td> SG </Td> <Td> Milwaukee Bucks ( 1996 -- 2003 ) Seattle SuperSonics ( 2003 -- 2007 ) Boston Celtics ( 2007 -- 2012 ) Miami Heat ( 2012 -- 2014 ) </Td> <Td> 2,973 </Td> <Td> 7,429 </Td> <Td> . 400 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Miller , Reggie Reggie Miller * </Td> <Td> SG </Td> <Td> Indiana Pacers ( 1987 -- 2005 ) </Td> <Td> 2,560 </Td> <Td> 6,486 </Td> <Td> . 395 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Terry , Jason Jason Terry ^ </Td> <Td> SG / PG </Td> <Td> Atlanta Hawks ( 1999 -- 2004 ) Dallas Mavericks ( 2004 -- 2012 ) Boston Celtics ( 2012 -- 2013 ) Brooklyn Nets ( 2013 -- 2014 ) Houston Rockets ( 2014 -- 2016 ) Milwaukee Bucks ( 2016 -- present ) </Td> <Td> 2,282 </Td> <Td> 6,010 </Td> <Td> . 380 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Korver , Kyle Kyle Korver ^ </Td> <Td> SG / SF </Td> <Td> Philadelphia 76ers ( 2003 -- 2007 ) Utah Jazz ( 2007 -- 2010 ) Chicago Bulls ( 2010 -- 2012 ) Atlanta Hawks ( 2012 -- 2017 ) Cleveland Cavaliers ( 2017 -- present ) </Td> <Td> 2,213 </Td> <Td> 5,130 </Td> <Td> . 431 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Crawford , Jamal Jamal Crawford ^ </Td> <Td> SG / PG </Td> <Td> Chicago Bulls ( 2000 -- 2004 ) New York Knicks ( 2004 -- 2008 ) Golden State Warriors ( 2008 -- 2009 ) Atlanta Hawks ( 2009 -- 2011 ) Portland Trail Blazers ( 2011 -- 2012 ) Los Angeles Clippers ( 2012 -- 2017 ) Minnesota Timberwolves ( 2017 -- present ) </Td> <Td> 2,153 </Td> <Td> 6,175 </Td> <Td> . 349 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> Pierce , Paul Paul Pierce </Td> <Td> SF </Td> <Td> Boston Celtics ( 1999 -- 2013 ) Brooklyn Nets ( 2013 -- 2014 ) Washington Wizards ( 2014 -- 2015 ) Los Angeles Clippers ( 2015 -- 2017 ) </Td> <Td> 2,143 </Td> <Td> 5,816 </Td> <Td> . 368 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> Curry , Stephen Stephen Curry ^ </Td> <Td> PG </Td> <Td> Golden State Warriors ( 2009 -- present ) </Td> <Td> 2,129 </Td> <Td> 4,880 </Td> <Td> . 436 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> Carter , Vince Vince Carter ^ </Td> <Td> SG / SF </Td> <Td> Toronto Raptors ( 1999 -- 2004 ) New Jersey Nets ( 2004 -- 2009 ) Orlando Magic ( 2009 -- 2010 ) Phoenix Suns ( 2010 -- 2011 ) Dallas Mavericks ( 2011 -- 2014 ) Memphis Grizzlies ( 2014 -- 2017 ) Sacramento Kings ( 2017 -- present ) </Td> <Td> 2,106 </Td> <Td> 5,650 </Td> <Td> . 373 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> Kidd , Jason Jason Kidd * </Td> <Td> PG </Td> <Td> Dallas Mavericks ( 1994 -- 1996 , 2008 -- 2012 ) Phoenix Suns ( 1996 -- 2001 ) New Jersey Nets ( 2001 -- 2008 ) New York Knicks ( 2012 -- 2013 ) </Td> <Td> 1,988 </Td> <Td> 5,701 </Td> <Td> . 349 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> Johnson , Joe Joe Johnson ^ </Td> <Td> SG / SF </Td> <Td> Boston Celtics ( 2001 -- 2002 ) Phoenix Suns ( 2002 -- 2005 ) Atlanta Hawks ( 2005 -- 2012 ) Brooklyn Nets ( 2012 -- 2016 ) Miami Heat ( 2016 ) Utah Jazz ( 2016 -- 2018 ) Houston Rockets ( 2018 -- present ) </Td> <Td> 1,978 </Td> <Td> 5,331 </Td> <Td> . 371 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> Nowitzki , Dirk Dirk Nowitzki ^ </Td> <Td> PF </Td> <Td> Dallas Mavericks ( 1999 -- present ) </Td> <Td> 1,918 </Td> <Td> 5,005 </Td> <Td> . 383 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 12 </Td> <Td> Smith , J.R. J.R. Smith ^ </Td> <Td> SG </Td> <Td> New Orleans ( / Oklahoma City ) Hor\n\nQuestion:\nwho has the most 3-pointers of all time\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Ray Allen" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 2074, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nwho has the most 3-pointers of all time\n\nDocument:\nhe Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> † </Td> <Td> Not yet eligible for Hall of Fame consideration </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> § </Td> <Td> 1st time nominee for Hall of Fame in 2018 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Rank </Th> <Th> Name </Th> <Th> Position ( s ) </Th> <Th> Team ( s ) played for ( years ) </Th> <Th> Total 3 - point field goals made </Th> <Th> Total 3 - point field goals attempted </Th> <Th> 3 - point field goal percentage </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Allen , Ray Ray Allen * </Td> <Td> SG </Td> <Td> Milwaukee Bucks ( 1996 -- 2003 ) Seattle SuperSonics ( 2003 -- 2007 ) Boston Celtics ( 2007 -- 2012 ) Miami Heat ( 2012 -- 2014 ) </Td> <Td> 2,973 </Td> <Td> 7,429 </Td> <Td> . 400 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Miller , Reggie Reggie Miller * </Td> <Td> SG </Td> <Td> Indiana Pacers ( 1987 -- 2005 ) </Td> <Td> 2,560 </Td> <Td> 6,486 </Td> <Td> . 395 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Terry , Jason Jason Terry ^ </Td> <Td> SG / PG </Td> <Td> Atlanta Hawks ( 1999 -- 2004 ) Dallas Mavericks ( 2004 -- 2012 ) Boston Celtics ( 2012 -- 2013 ) Brooklyn Nets ( 2013 -- 2014 ) Houston Rockets ( 2014 -- 2016 ) Milwaukee Bucks ( 2016 -- present ) </Td> <Td> 2,282 </Td> <Td> 6,010 </Td> <Td> . 380 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Korver , Kyle Kyle Korver ^ </Td> <Td> SG / SF </Td> <Td> Philadelphia 76ers ( 2003 -- 2007 ) Utah Jazz ( 2007 -- 2010 ) Chicago Bulls ( 2010 -- 2012 ) Atlanta Hawks ( 2012 -- 2017 ) Cleveland Cavaliers ( 2017 -- present ) </Td> <Td> 2,213 </Td> <Td> 5,130 </Td> <Td> . 431 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Crawford , Jamal Jamal Crawford ^ </Td> <Td> SG / PG </Td> <Td> Chicago Bulls ( 2000 -- 2004 ) New York Knicks ( 2004 -- 2008 ) Golden State Warriors ( 2008 -- 2009 ) Atlanta Hawks ( 2009 -- 2011 ) Portland Trail Blazers ( 2011 -- 2012 ) Los Angeles Clippers ( 2012 -- 2017 ) Minnesota Timberwolves ( 2017 -- present ) </Td> <Td> 2,153 </Td> <Td> 6,175 </Td> <Td> . 349 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> Pierce , Paul Paul Pierce </Td> <Td> SF </Td> <Td> Boston Celtics ( 1999 -- 2013 ) Brooklyn Nets ( 2013 -- 2014 ) Washington Wizards ( 2014 -- 2015 ) Los Angeles Clippers ( 2015 -- 2017 ) </Td> <Td> 2,143 </Td> <Td> 5,816 </Td> <Td> . 368 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> Curry , Stephen Stephen Curry ^ </Td> <Td> PG </Td> <Td> Golden State Warriors ( 2009 -- present ) </Td> <Td> 2,129 </Td> <Td> 4,880 </Td> <Td> . 436 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> Carter , Vince Vince Carter ^ </Td> <Td> SG / SF </Td> <Td> Toronto Raptors ( 1999 -- 2004 ) New Jersey Nets ( 2004 -- 2009 ) Orlando Magic ( 2009 -- 2010 ) Phoenix Suns ( 2010 -- 2011 ) Dallas Mavericks ( 2011 -- 2014 ) Memphis Grizzlies ( 2014 -- 2017 ) Sacramento Kings ( 2017 -- present ) </Td> <Td> 2,106 </Td> <Td> 5,650 </Td> <Td> . 373 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> Kidd , Jason Jason Kidd * </Td> <Td> PG </Td> <Td> Dallas Mavericks ( 1994 -- 1996 , 2008 -- 2012 ) Phoenix Suns ( 1996 -- 2001 ) New Jersey Nets ( 2001 -- 2008 ) New York Knicks ( 2012 -- 2013 ) </Td> <Td> 1,988 </Td> <Td> 5,701 </Td> <Td> . 349 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> Johnson , Joe Joe Johnson ^ </Td> <Td> SG / SF </Td> <Td> Boston Celtics ( 2001 -- 2002 ) Phoenix Suns ( 2002 -- 2005 ) Atlanta Hawks ( 2005 -- 2012 ) Brooklyn Nets ( 2012 -- 2016 ) Miami Heat ( 2016 ) Utah Jazz ( 2016 -- 2018 ) Houston Rockets ( 2018 -- present ) </Td> <Td> 1,978 </Td> <Td> 5,331 </Td> <Td> . 371 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> Nowitzki , Dirk Dirk Nowitzki ^ </Td> <Td> PF </Td> <Td> Dallas Mavericks ( 1999 -- present ) </Td> <Td> 1,918 </Td> <Td> 5,005 </Td> <Td> . 383 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 12 </Td> <Td> Smith , J.R. J.R. Smith ^ </Td> <Td> SG </Td> <Td> New Orleans ( / Oklahoma City ) Hor\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Ray Allen" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1780, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\nList of National Basketball Association career 3 - point scoring leaders - wikipedia <H1> List of National Basketball Association career 3 - point scoring leaders </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <P> This article provides two lists : </P> <Dl> <Dd> A list of National Basketball Association players by total career regular season three - point field goals made . </Dd> <Dd> A progressive list of three - point leaders showing how the record has increased through the years . </Dd> </Dl> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Three - point Field Goals Made Leaders </Li> <Li> 2 Progressive list of 3 - point scoring leaders </Li> <Li> 3 Notes </Li> <Li> 4 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Three - point field goals made leaders ( edit ) </H2> <P> This is a list of National Basketball Association players by total career regular - season three - point field goals made . </P> <Dl> <Dd> Statistics accurate as of the conclusion of the 2017 -- 18 NBA season on April 11 , 2018 . </Dd> </Dl> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Active NBA player </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> * </Td> <Td> Inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> † </Td> <Td> Not yet eligible for Hall of Fame consideration </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> § </Td> <Td> 1st time nominee for Hall of Fame in 2018 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Rank </Th> <Th> Name </Th> <Th> Position ( s ) </Th> <Th> Team ( s ) played for ( years ) </Th> <Th> Total 3 - point field goals made </Th> <Th> Total 3 - point field goals attempted </Th> <Th> 3 - point field goal percentage </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Allen , Ray Ray Allen * </Td> <Td> SG </Td> <Td> Milwaukee Bucks ( 1996 -- 2003 ) Seattle SuperSonics ( 2003 -- 2007 ) Boston Celtics ( 2007 -- 2012 ) Miami Heat ( 2012 -- 2014 ) </Td> <Td> 2,973 </Td> <Td> 7,429 </Td> <Td> . 400 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Miller , Reggie Reggie Miller * </Td> <Td> SG </Td> <Td> Indiana Pacers ( 1987 -- 2005 ) </Td> <Td> 2,560 </Td> <Td> 6,486 </Td> <Td> . 395 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Terry , Jason Jason Terry ^ </Td> <Td> SG / PG </Td> <Td> Atlanta Hawks ( 1999 -- 2004 ) Dallas Mavericks ( 2004 -- 2012 ) Boston Celtics ( 2012 -- 2013 ) Brooklyn Nets ( 2013 -- 2014 ) Houston Rockets ( 2014 -- 2016 ) Milwaukee Bucks ( 2016 -- present ) </Td> <Td> 2,282 </Td> <Td> 6,010 </Td> <Td> . 380 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Korver , Kyle Kyle Korver ^ </Td> <Td> SG / SF </Td> <Td> Philadelphia 76ers ( 2003 -- 2007 ) Utah Jazz ( 2007 -- 2010 ) Chicago Bulls ( 2010 -- 2012 ) Atlanta Hawks ( 2012 -- 2017 ) Cleveland Cavaliers ( 2017 -- present ) </Td> <Td> 2,213 </Td> <Td> 5,130 </Td> <Td> . 431 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Crawford , Jamal Jamal Crawford ^ </Td> <Td> SG / PG </Td> <Td> Chicago Bulls ( 2000 -- 2004 ) New York Knicks ( 2004 -- 2008 ) Golden State Warriors ( 2008 -- 2009 ) Atlanta Hawks ( 2009 -- 2011 ) Portland Trail Blazers ( 2011 -- 2012 ) Los Angeles Clippers ( 2012 -- 2017 ) Minnesota Timberwolves ( 2017 -- present ) </Td> <Td> 2,153 </Td> <Td> 6,175 </Td> <Td> . 349 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> Pierce , Paul Paul Pierce </Td> <Td> SF </Td> <Td> Boston Celtics ( 1999 -- 2013 ) Brooklyn Nets ( 2013 -- 2014 ) Washington Wizards ( 2014 -- 2015 ) Los Angeles Clippers ( 2015 -- 2017 ) </Td> <Td> 2,143 </Td> <Td> 5,816 </Td> <Td> . 368 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> Curry , Stephen Stephen Curry ^ </Td> <Td> PG </Td> <Td> Golden State Warriors ( 2009 -- present ) </Td> <Td> 2,129 </Td> <Td> 4,880 </Td> <Td> . 436 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> Carter , Vince Vince Carter ^ </Td> <Td> SG / SF </Td> <Td> Toronto Raptors ( 1999 -- 2004 ) New Jersey Nets ( 2004 -- 2009 ) Orlando Magic ( 2009 -- 2010 ) Phoenix Suns ( 2\n\nQuestion:\nwho has the most 3-pointers of all time\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Ray Allen" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1780, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nwho has the most 3-pointers of all time\n\nDocument:\nList of National Basketball Association career 3 - point scoring leaders - wikipedia <H1> List of National Basketball Association career 3 - point scoring leaders </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <P> This article provides two lists : </P> <Dl> <Dd> A list of National Basketball Association players by total career regular season three - point field goals made . </Dd> <Dd> A progressive list of three - point leaders showing how the record has increased through the years . </Dd> </Dl> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Three - point Field Goals Made Leaders </Li> <Li> 2 Progressive list of 3 - point scoring leaders </Li> <Li> 3 Notes </Li> <Li> 4 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Three - point field goals made leaders ( edit ) </H2> <P> This is a list of National Basketball Association players by total career regular - season three - point field goals made . </P> <Dl> <Dd> Statistics accurate as of the conclusion of the 2017 -- 18 NBA season on April 11 , 2018 . </Dd> </Dl> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Active NBA player </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> * </Td> <Td> Inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> † </Td> <Td> Not yet eligible for Hall of Fame consideration </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> § </Td> <Td> 1st time nominee for Hall of Fame in 2018 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Rank </Th> <Th> Name </Th> <Th> Position ( s ) </Th> <Th> Team ( s ) played for ( years ) </Th> <Th> Total 3 - point field goals made </Th> <Th> Total 3 - point field goals attempted </Th> <Th> 3 - point field goal percentage </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Allen , Ray Ray Allen * </Td> <Td> SG </Td> <Td> Milwaukee Bucks ( 1996 -- 2003 ) Seattle SuperSonics ( 2003 -- 2007 ) Boston Celtics ( 2007 -- 2012 ) Miami Heat ( 2012 -- 2014 ) </Td> <Td> 2,973 </Td> <Td> 7,429 </Td> <Td> . 400 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Miller , Reggie Reggie Miller * </Td> <Td> SG </Td> <Td> Indiana Pacers ( 1987 -- 2005 ) </Td> <Td> 2,560 </Td> <Td> 6,486 </Td> <Td> . 395 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Terry , Jason Jason Terry ^ </Td> <Td> SG / PG </Td> <Td> Atlanta Hawks ( 1999 -- 2004 ) Dallas Mavericks ( 2004 -- 2012 ) Boston Celtics ( 2012 -- 2013 ) Brooklyn Nets ( 2013 -- 2014 ) Houston Rockets ( 2014 -- 2016 ) Milwaukee Bucks ( 2016 -- present ) </Td> <Td> 2,282 </Td> <Td> 6,010 </Td> <Td> . 380 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Korver , Kyle Kyle Korver ^ </Td> <Td> SG / SF </Td> <Td> Philadelphia 76ers ( 2003 -- 2007 ) Utah Jazz ( 2007 -- 2010 ) Chicago Bulls ( 2010 -- 2012 ) Atlanta Hawks ( 2012 -- 2017 ) Cleveland Cavaliers ( 2017 -- present ) </Td> <Td> 2,213 </Td> <Td> 5,130 </Td> <Td> . 431 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Crawford , Jamal Jamal Crawford ^ </Td> <Td> SG / PG </Td> <Td> Chicago Bulls ( 2000 -- 2004 ) New York Knicks ( 2004 -- 2008 ) Golden State Warriors ( 2008 -- 2009 ) Atlanta Hawks ( 2009 -- 2011 ) Portland Trail Blazers ( 2011 -- 2012 ) Los Angeles Clippers ( 2012 -- 2017 ) Minnesota Timberwolves ( 2017 -- present ) </Td> <Td> 2,153 </Td> <Td> 6,175 </Td> <Td> . 349 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> Pierce , Paul Paul Pierce </Td> <Td> SF </Td> <Td> Boston Celtics ( 1999 -- 2013 ) Brooklyn Nets ( 2013 -- 2014 ) Washington Wizards ( 2014 -- 2015 ) Los Angeles Clippers ( 2015 -- 2017 ) </Td> <Td> 2,143 </Td> <Td> 5,816 </Td> <Td> . 368 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> Curry , Stephen Stephen Curry ^ </Td> <Td> PG </Td> <Td> Golden State Warriors ( 2009 -- present ) </Td> <Td> 2,129 </Td> <Td> 4,880 </Td> <Td> . 436 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> Carter , Vince Vince Carter ^ </Td> <Td> SG / SF </Td> <Td> Toronto Raptors ( 1999 -- 2004 ) New Jersey Nets ( 2004 -- 2009 ) Orlando Magic ( 2009 -- 2010 ) Phoenix Suns ( 2\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Ray Allen" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1778, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\nheir second studio album , The Downward Spiral ( 1994 ) , written by band leader Trent Reznor . It was released on April 17 , 1995 as a promotional single from the album . The song received a Grammy Award nomination for Best Rock Song in 1996 , but ultimately lost to Alanis Morissette 's `` You Oughta Know '' . </P> <P> In 2003 , `` Hurt '' was covered by Johnny Cash to commercial and critical acclaim ; it was one of Cash 's final hits released before his death , and the related music video is considered one of the greatest of all time by publications such as NME . Reznor praised Cash 's interpretation of the song for its `` sincerity and meaning '' , going as far as to say `` that song is n't mine anymore . '' </P> <H2> Contents </H2> <Ul> <Li> 1 Meaning </Li> <Li> 2 Music video </Li> <Li> 3 Live performances </Li> <Li> 4 In popular culture </Li> <Li> 5 Track listing </Li> <Li> 6 Personnel </Li> <Li> 7 Charts </Li> <Li> 8 Johnny Cash version <Ul> <Li> 8.1 Background </Li> <Li> 8.2 Music video </Li> <Li> 8.3 Awards </Li> <Li> 8.4 In popular culture </Li> <Li> 8.5 Track listing </Li> <Li> 8.6 Charts </Li> <Li> 8.7 Certifications </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 9 Other cover versions </Li> <Li> 10 References <Ul> <Li> 10.1 Sources </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 11 Further reading </Li> <Li> 12 External links </Li> </Ul> <H2> Meaning ( edit ) </H2> <P> The song includes references to self - harm and heroin addiction , although the overall meaning of the song is disputed . Some listeners contend that the song acts as a suicide note written by the song 's protagonist , as a result of his depression , while others claim that it describes the difficult process of finding a reason to live in spite of depression and pain and does not have much to do with the storyline . </P> <H2> Music video ( edit ) </H2> <P> The music video for Nine Inch Nails ' original version of `` Hurt '' is a live performance that was recorded before the show in Omaha , Nebraska , on February 13 , 1995 , and can be found on Closure and the DualDisc re-release of The Downward Spiral . The audio portion appears on the UK version of Further Down the Spiral . The version released on Closure differs slightly from the video originally aired on MTV . In addition to using an uncensored audio track , the Closure edit shows alternate views of the audience and performance at several points during the video . </P> <P> To film the video , a scrim was dropped in front of the band on stage , onto which various images , such as war atrocities , a nuclear bomb test , survivors of the Battle of Stalingrad , a snake staring at the camera , and a time - lapse film of a fox decomposing in reverse , were projected , adding visual symbolism to fit the song 's subject matter . A spotlight was cast on Reznor so that he can be seen through the images . Compared to the live renditions performed on future tours , this version most resembles the studio recording with its use of the song 's original samples . </P> <P> There are also official live recordings on the later releases And All that Could Have Been and Beside You in Time . Each version features distinct instrumentation by the varying members of the band in the respective eras . </P> <H2> Live performances ( edit ) </H2> <P> During the Dissonance tour in 1995 , when Nine Inch Nails opened for David Bowie , Bowie sang `` Hurt '' in a duet with Reznor , backed by an original melody and beat . This served as the conclusion to the dual act that began each Bowie set . </P> <P> During the Fragility tours , the progression was performed by Robin Finck on acoustic guitar rather than on piano . </P> <P> Since the 2005 -- 06 Live : With Teeth tour , Nine Inch Nails has been playing `` Hurt '' in a more toned - down style , featuring only Reznor on keyboard and vocals until the final chorus , when the rest of the band joins in . </P> <P> The song was brought back to its original form during the Lights In The Sky tour in 2008 , before returning to the toned down style on the 2009 Wave Goodbye tour . </P> <H2> In popular culture ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> The song was used at the end of `` The Wedding Squanchers '' , the final episode of the second season of the animated series Rick and Morty . </Li> <Li> The original version was played near the end of The Hangover III , and the Johnny Cash version was played as karaoke by Ken Jeong earlier in the film . </Li> </Ul> <H2> Track listing ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> US promotional CD single </Li> </Ul> <Ol> <Li> `` Hurt '' ( quiet version ) ( clean ) -- 5 : 04 </Li> <Li> `` Hurt '' ( live version ) ( clean ) -- 5 : 15 </Li> <Li> `` Hurt '' ( album version ) ( clean ) -- 6 : 16 </Li> <Li> `` Hurt '' ( quiet version ) ( soiled ) -- 5 : 21 </Li> <Li> `` Hurt '' ( live version ) ( soiled ) -- 5 : 15 </Li> <Li> `` Hurt '' ( album version ) ( soiled ) -- 6 : 13 </Li> </Ol> <H2> Personnel ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Trent Reznor -- vocals , guitar , bass guitar , piano , synthesizers </Li> <Li> Chris Vrenna -- drums </Li> </Ul> <H2> Charts ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 1995 ) </Th> <Th> Peak position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Canada Rock / Alternative ( RPM ) </Th> <Td> 8 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> US Radio Songs ( Billboard ) </Th> <Td> 54 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> US Alternative Songs ( Billboard ) </Th> <Td> 8 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Johnny Cash version ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> `` Hurt '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Single by Johnny Cash </\n\nQuestion:\nwho wrote the song hurt by nine inch nails\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Trent Reznor" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1778, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nwho wrote the song hurt by nine inch nails\n\nDocument:\nheir second studio album , The Downward Spiral ( 1994 ) , written by band leader Trent Reznor . It was released on April 17 , 1995 as a promotional single from the album . The song received a Grammy Award nomination for Best Rock Song in 1996 , but ultimately lost to Alanis Morissette 's `` You Oughta Know '' . </P> <P> In 2003 , `` Hurt '' was covered by Johnny Cash to commercial and critical acclaim ; it was one of Cash 's final hits released before his death , and the related music video is considered one of the greatest of all time by publications such as NME . Reznor praised Cash 's interpretation of the song for its `` sincerity and meaning '' , going as far as to say `` that song is n't mine anymore . '' </P> <H2> Contents </H2> <Ul> <Li> 1 Meaning </Li> <Li> 2 Music video </Li> <Li> 3 Live performances </Li> <Li> 4 In popular culture </Li> <Li> 5 Track listing </Li> <Li> 6 Personnel </Li> <Li> 7 Charts </Li> <Li> 8 Johnny Cash version <Ul> <Li> 8.1 Background </Li> <Li> 8.2 Music video </Li> <Li> 8.3 Awards </Li> <Li> 8.4 In popular culture </Li> <Li> 8.5 Track listing </Li> <Li> 8.6 Charts </Li> <Li> 8.7 Certifications </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 9 Other cover versions </Li> <Li> 10 References <Ul> <Li> 10.1 Sources </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 11 Further reading </Li> <Li> 12 External links </Li> </Ul> <H2> Meaning ( edit ) </H2> <P> The song includes references to self - harm and heroin addiction , although the overall meaning of the song is disputed . Some listeners contend that the song acts as a suicide note written by the song 's protagonist , as a result of his depression , while others claim that it describes the difficult process of finding a reason to live in spite of depression and pain and does not have much to do with the storyline . </P> <H2> Music video ( edit ) </H2> <P> The music video for Nine Inch Nails ' original version of `` Hurt '' is a live performance that was recorded before the show in Omaha , Nebraska , on February 13 , 1995 , and can be found on Closure and the DualDisc re-release of The Downward Spiral . The audio portion appears on the UK version of Further Down the Spiral . The version released on Closure differs slightly from the video originally aired on MTV . In addition to using an uncensored audio track , the Closure edit shows alternate views of the audience and performance at several points during the video . </P> <P> To film the video , a scrim was dropped in front of the band on stage , onto which various images , such as war atrocities , a nuclear bomb test , survivors of the Battle of Stalingrad , a snake staring at the camera , and a time - lapse film of a fox decomposing in reverse , were projected , adding visual symbolism to fit the song 's subject matter . A spotlight was cast on Reznor so that he can be seen through the images . Compared to the live renditions performed on future tours , this version most resembles the studio recording with its use of the song 's original samples . </P> <P> There are also official live recordings on the later releases And All that Could Have Been and Beside You in Time . Each version features distinct instrumentation by the varying members of the band in the respective eras . </P> <H2> Live performances ( edit ) </H2> <P> During the Dissonance tour in 1995 , when Nine Inch Nails opened for David Bowie , Bowie sang `` Hurt '' in a duet with Reznor , backed by an original melody and beat . This served as the conclusion to the dual act that began each Bowie set . </P> <P> During the Fragility tours , the progression was performed by Robin Finck on acoustic guitar rather than on piano . </P> <P> Since the 2005 -- 06 Live : With Teeth tour , Nine Inch Nails has been playing `` Hurt '' in a more toned - down style , featuring only Reznor on keyboard and vocals until the final chorus , when the rest of the band joins in . </P> <P> The song was brought back to its original form during the Lights In The Sky tour in 2008 , before returning to the toned down style on the 2009 Wave Goodbye tour . </P> <H2> In popular culture ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> The song was used at the end of `` The Wedding Squanchers '' , the final episode of the second season of the animated series Rick and Morty . </Li> <Li> The original version was played near the end of The Hangover III , and the Johnny Cash version was played as karaoke by Ken Jeong earlier in the film . </Li> </Ul> <H2> Track listing ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> US promotional CD single </Li> </Ul> <Ol> <Li> `` Hurt '' ( quiet version ) ( clean ) -- 5 : 04 </Li> <Li> `` Hurt '' ( live version ) ( clean ) -- 5 : 15 </Li> <Li> `` Hurt '' ( album version ) ( clean ) -- 6 : 16 </Li> <Li> `` Hurt '' ( quiet version ) ( soiled ) -- 5 : 21 </Li> <Li> `` Hurt '' ( live version ) ( soiled ) -- 5 : 15 </Li> <Li> `` Hurt '' ( album version ) ( soiled ) -- 6 : 13 </Li> </Ol> <H2> Personnel ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Trent Reznor -- vocals , guitar , bass guitar , piano , synthesizers </Li> <Li> Chris Vrenna -- drums </Li> </Ul> <H2> Charts ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 1995 ) </Th> <Th> Peak position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Canada Rock / Alternative ( RPM ) </Th> <Td> 8 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> US Radio Songs ( Billboard ) </Th> <Td> 54 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> US Alternative Songs ( Billboard ) </Th> <Td> 8 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Johnny Cash version ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> `` Hurt '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Single by Johnny Cash </\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Trent Reznor" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1853, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\nHurt ( Nine Inch Nails song ) - wikipedia <H1> Hurt ( Nine Inch Nails song ) </H1> <P> </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> `` Hurt '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Promotional single by Nine Inch Nails </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> from the album The Downward Spiral </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> April 17 , 1995 ( 1995 - 04 - 17 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Format </Th> <Td> CD </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Studio </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> A&M Studios , Record Plant Studios ( Hollywood ) </Li> <Li> Le Pig ( Benedict Canyon , Los Angeles ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Industrial rock </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 6 : 12 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Nothing </Li> <Li> TVT </Li> <Li> Interscope </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> Trent Reznor </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Trent Reznor </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Audio sample </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> <Ul> <Li> file </Li> <Li> help </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` Hurt '' is a song by American industrial rock band Nine Inch Nails from their second studio album , The Downward Spiral ( 1994 ) , written by band leader Trent Reznor . It was released on April 17 , 1995 as a promotional single from the album . The song received a Grammy Award nomination for Best Rock Song in 1996 , but ultimately lost to Alanis Morissette 's `` You Oughta Know '' . </P> <P> In 2003 , `` Hurt '' was covered by Johnny Cash to commercial and critical acclaim ; it was one of Cash 's final hits released before his death , and the related music video is considered one of the greatest of all time by publications such as NME . Reznor praised Cash 's interpretation of the song for its `` sincerity and meaning '' , going as far as to say `` that song is n't mine anymore . '' </P> <H2> Contents </H2> <Ul> <Li> 1 Meaning </Li> <Li> 2 Music video </Li> <Li> 3 Live performances </Li> <Li> 4 In popular culture </Li> <Li> 5 Track listing </Li> <Li> 6 Personnel </Li> <Li> 7 Charts </Li> <Li> 8 Johnny Cash version <Ul> <Li> 8.1 Background </Li> <Li> 8.2 Music video </Li> <Li> 8.3 Awards </Li> <Li> 8.4 In popular culture </Li> <Li> 8.5 Track listing </Li> <Li> 8.6 Charts </Li> <Li> 8.7 Certifications </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 9 Other cover versions </Li> <Li> 10 References <Ul> <Li> 10.1 Sources </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 11 Further reading </Li> <Li> 12 External links </Li> </Ul> <H2> Meaning ( edit ) </H2> <P> The song includes references to self - harm and heroin addiction , although the overall meaning of the song is disputed . Some listeners contend that the song acts as a suicide note written by the song 's protagonist , as a result of his depression , while others claim that it describes the difficult process of finding a reason to live in spite of depression and pain and does not have much to do with the storyline . </P> <H2> Music video ( edit ) </H2> <P> The music video for Nine Inch Nails ' original version of `` Hurt '' is a live performance that was recorded before the show in Omaha , Nebraska , on February 13 , 1995 , and can be found on Closure and the DualDisc re-release of The Downward Spiral . The audio portion appears on the UK version of Further Down the Spiral . The version released on Closure differs slightly from the video originally aired on MTV . In addition to using an uncensored audio track , the Closure edit shows alternate views of the audience and performance at several points during the video . </P> <P> To film the video , a scrim was dropped in front of the band on stage , onto which various images , such as war atrocities , a nuclear bomb test , survivors of the Battle of Stalingrad , a snake staring at the camera , and a time - lapse film of a fox decomposing in reverse , were projected , adding visual symbolism to fit the song 's subject matter . A spotlight was cast on Reznor so that he can be seen through the images . Compared to the live renditions performed on future tours , this version most resembles the studio recording with its use of the song 's original samples . </P> <P> There are also official live recordings on the later releases And All that Could Have Been and Beside You in Time . Each version features distinct instrumentation by the varying members of the band in the respective eras . </P> <H2> Live performances ( edit ) </H2> <P> During the Dissonance tour in 1995 , when Nine Inch Nails opened for David Bowie , Bowie sang `` Hurt '' in a duet with Reznor , backed by an original melody and beat . This served as the conclusion to the dual act that began each Bowie set . </P> <P> During the Fragility tours , the progression was performed by Robin Finck on acoustic guitar rather than on piano . </P> <P> Since the 2005 -- 06 Live : With Teeth tour , Nine Inch Nails has been playing `` Hurt '' in a more toned - down style , featuring only Reznor on keyboard and vocals until the final chorus , when the rest of the band joins in . </P> <P> The song was brought back to its original form during the Lights In The Sky tour in 2008 , before returning to the toned down style on the 2009 Wave Goodbye tour . </P> <H2> In popular culture ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> The song was used at the end of `` The Wedding Squanchers '' , the final episode of the second season of the animated series Rick and Morty . </Li> <Li> The original ver\n\nQuestion:\nwho wrote the song hurt by nine inch nails\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Trent Reznor" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1853, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nwho wrote the song hurt by nine inch nails\n\nDocument:\nHurt ( Nine Inch Nails song ) - wikipedia <H1> Hurt ( Nine Inch Nails song ) </H1> <P> </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> `` Hurt '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Promotional single by Nine Inch Nails </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> from the album The Downward Spiral </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> April 17 , 1995 ( 1995 - 04 - 17 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Format </Th> <Td> CD </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Studio </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> A&M Studios , Record Plant Studios ( Hollywood ) </Li> <Li> Le Pig ( Benedict Canyon , Los Angeles ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Industrial rock </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 6 : 12 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Nothing </Li> <Li> TVT </Li> <Li> Interscope </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> Trent Reznor </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Trent Reznor </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Audio sample </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> <Ul> <Li> file </Li> <Li> help </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` Hurt '' is a song by American industrial rock band Nine Inch Nails from their second studio album , The Downward Spiral ( 1994 ) , written by band leader Trent Reznor . It was released on April 17 , 1995 as a promotional single from the album . The song received a Grammy Award nomination for Best Rock Song in 1996 , but ultimately lost to Alanis Morissette 's `` You Oughta Know '' . </P> <P> In 2003 , `` Hurt '' was covered by Johnny Cash to commercial and critical acclaim ; it was one of Cash 's final hits released before his death , and the related music video is considered one of the greatest of all time by publications such as NME . Reznor praised Cash 's interpretation of the song for its `` sincerity and meaning '' , going as far as to say `` that song is n't mine anymore . '' </P> <H2> Contents </H2> <Ul> <Li> 1 Meaning </Li> <Li> 2 Music video </Li> <Li> 3 Live performances </Li> <Li> 4 In popular culture </Li> <Li> 5 Track listing </Li> <Li> 6 Personnel </Li> <Li> 7 Charts </Li> <Li> 8 Johnny Cash version <Ul> <Li> 8.1 Background </Li> <Li> 8.2 Music video </Li> <Li> 8.3 Awards </Li> <Li> 8.4 In popular culture </Li> <Li> 8.5 Track listing </Li> <Li> 8.6 Charts </Li> <Li> 8.7 Certifications </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 9 Other cover versions </Li> <Li> 10 References <Ul> <Li> 10.1 Sources </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 11 Further reading </Li> <Li> 12 External links </Li> </Ul> <H2> Meaning ( edit ) </H2> <P> The song includes references to self - harm and heroin addiction , although the overall meaning of the song is disputed . Some listeners contend that the song acts as a suicide note written by the song 's protagonist , as a result of his depression , while others claim that it describes the difficult process of finding a reason to live in spite of depression and pain and does not have much to do with the storyline . </P> <H2> Music video ( edit ) </H2> <P> The music video for Nine Inch Nails ' original version of `` Hurt '' is a live performance that was recorded before the show in Omaha , Nebraska , on February 13 , 1995 , and can be found on Closure and the DualDisc re-release of The Downward Spiral . The audio portion appears on the UK version of Further Down the Spiral . The version released on Closure differs slightly from the video originally aired on MTV . In addition to using an uncensored audio track , the Closure edit shows alternate views of the audience and performance at several points during the video . </P> <P> To film the video , a scrim was dropped in front of the band on stage , onto which various images , such as war atrocities , a nuclear bomb test , survivors of the Battle of Stalingrad , a snake staring at the camera , and a time - lapse film of a fox decomposing in reverse , were projected , adding visual symbolism to fit the song 's subject matter . A spotlight was cast on Reznor so that he can be seen through the images . Compared to the live renditions performed on future tours , this version most resembles the studio recording with its use of the song 's original samples . </P> <P> There are also official live recordings on the later releases And All that Could Have Been and Beside You in Time . Each version features distinct instrumentation by the varying members of the band in the respective eras . </P> <H2> Live performances ( edit ) </H2> <P> During the Dissonance tour in 1995 , when Nine Inch Nails opened for David Bowie , Bowie sang `` Hurt '' in a duet with Reznor , backed by an original melody and beat . This served as the conclusion to the dual act that began each Bowie set . </P> <P> During the Fragility tours , the progression was performed by Robin Finck on acoustic guitar rather than on piano . </P> <P> Since the 2005 -- 06 Live : With Teeth tour , Nine Inch Nails has been playing `` Hurt '' in a more toned - down style , featuring only Reznor on keyboard and vocals until the final chorus , when the rest of the band joins in . </P> <P> The song was brought back to its original form during the Lights In The Sky tour in 2008 , before returning to the toned down style on the 2009 Wave Goodbye tour . </P> <H2> In popular culture ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> The song was used at the end of `` The Wedding Squanchers '' , the final episode of the second season of the animated series Rick and Morty . </Li> <Li> The original ver\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Trent Reznor" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1853, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\nHurt ( Nine Inch Nails song ) - wikipedia <H1> Hurt ( Nine Inch Nails song ) </H1> <P> </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> `` Hurt '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Promotional single by Nine Inch Nails </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> from the album The Downward Spiral </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> April 17 , 1995 ( 1995 - 04 - 17 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Format </Th> <Td> CD </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Studio </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> A&M Studios , Record Plant Studios ( Hollywood ) </Li> <Li> Le Pig ( Benedict Canyon , Los Angeles ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Industrial rock </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 6 : 12 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Nothing </Li> <Li> TVT </Li> <Li> Interscope </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> Trent Reznor </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Trent Reznor </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Audio sample </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> <Ul> <Li> file </Li> <Li> help </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` Hurt '' is a song by American industrial rock band Nine Inch Nails from their second studio album , The Downward Spiral ( 1994 ) , written by band leader Trent Reznor . It was released on April 17 , 1995 as a promotional single from the album . The song received a Grammy Award nomination for Best Rock Song in 1996 , but ultimately lost to Alanis Morissette 's `` You Oughta Know '' . </P> <P> In 2003 , `` Hurt '' was covered by Johnny Cash to commercial and critical acclaim ; it was one of Cash 's final hits released before his death , and the related music video is considered one of the greatest of all time by publications such as NME . Reznor praised Cash 's interpretation of the song for its `` sincerity and meaning '' , going as far as to say `` that song is n't mine anymore . '' </P> <H2> Contents </H2> <Ul> <Li> 1 Meaning </Li> <Li> 2 Music video </Li> <Li> 3 Live performances </Li> <Li> 4 In popular culture </Li> <Li> 5 Track listing </Li> <Li> 6 Personnel </Li> <Li> 7 Charts </Li> <Li> 8 Johnny Cash version <Ul> <Li> 8.1 Background </Li> <Li> 8.2 Music video </Li> <Li> 8.3 Awards </Li> <Li> 8.4 In popular culture </Li> <Li> 8.5 Track listing </Li> <Li> 8.6 Charts </Li> <Li> 8.7 Certifications </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 9 Other cover versions </Li> <Li> 10 References <Ul> <Li> 10.1 Sources </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 11 Further reading </Li> <Li> 12 External links </Li> </Ul> <H2> Meaning ( edit ) </H2> <P> The song includes references to self - harm and heroin addiction , although the overall meaning of the song is disputed . Some listeners contend that the song acts as a suicide note written by the song 's protagonist , as a result of his depression , while others claim that it describes the difficult process of finding a reason to live in spite of depression and pain and does not have much to do with the storyline . </P> <H2> Music video ( edit ) </H2> <P> The music video for Nine Inch Nails ' original version of `` Hurt '' is a live performance that was recorded before the show in Omaha , Nebraska , on February 13 , 1995 , and can be found on Closure and the DualDisc re-release of The Downward Spiral . The audio portion appears on the UK version of Further Down the Spiral . The version released on Closure differs slightly from the video originally aired on MTV . In addition to using an uncensored audio track , the Closure edit shows alternate views of the audience and performance at several points during the video . </P> <P> To film the video , a scrim was dropped in front of the band on stage , onto which various images , such as war atrocities , a nuclear bomb test , survivors of the Battle of Stalingrad , a snake staring at the camera , and a time - lapse film of a fox decomposing in reverse , were projected , adding visual symbolism to fit the song 's subject matter . A spotlight was cast on Reznor so that he can be seen through the images . Compared to the live renditions performed on future tours , this version most resembles the studio recording with its use of the song 's original samples . </P> <P> There are also official live recordings on the later releases And All that Could Have Been and Beside You in Time . Each version features distinct instrumentation by the varying members of the band in the respective eras . </P> <H2> Live performances ( edit ) </H2> <P> During the Dissonance tour in 1995 , when Nine Inch Nails opened for David Bowie , Bowie sang `` Hurt '' in a duet with Reznor , backed by an original melody and beat . This served as the conclusion to the dual act that began each Bowie set . </P> <P> During the Fragility tours , the progression was performed by Robin Finck on acoustic guitar rather than on piano . </P> <P> Since the 2005 -- 06 Live : With Teeth tour , Nine Inch Nails has been playing `` Hurt '' in a more toned - down style , featuring only Reznor on keyboard and vocals until the final chorus , when the rest of the band joins in . </P> <P> The song was brought back to its original form during the Lights In The Sky tour in 2008 , before returning to the toned down style on the 2009 Wave Goodbye tour . </P> <H2> In popular culture ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> The song was used at the end of `` The Wedding Squanchers '' , the final episode of the second season of the animated series Rick and Morty . </Li> <Li> The original ver\n\nQuestion:\nwho wrote the song hurt by nine inch nails\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Trent Reznor" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1853, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nwho wrote the song hurt by nine inch nails\n\nDocument:\nHurt ( Nine Inch Nails song ) - wikipedia <H1> Hurt ( Nine Inch Nails song ) </H1> <P> </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> `` Hurt '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Promotional single by Nine Inch Nails </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> from the album The Downward Spiral </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> April 17 , 1995 ( 1995 - 04 - 17 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Format </Th> <Td> CD </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Studio </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> A&M Studios , Record Plant Studios ( Hollywood ) </Li> <Li> Le Pig ( Benedict Canyon , Los Angeles ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Industrial rock </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 6 : 12 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Nothing </Li> <Li> TVT </Li> <Li> Interscope </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> Trent Reznor </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Trent Reznor </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Audio sample </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> <Ul> <Li> file </Li> <Li> help </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` Hurt '' is a song by American industrial rock band Nine Inch Nails from their second studio album , The Downward Spiral ( 1994 ) , written by band leader Trent Reznor . It was released on April 17 , 1995 as a promotional single from the album . The song received a Grammy Award nomination for Best Rock Song in 1996 , but ultimately lost to Alanis Morissette 's `` You Oughta Know '' . </P> <P> In 2003 , `` Hurt '' was covered by Johnny Cash to commercial and critical acclaim ; it was one of Cash 's final hits released before his death , and the related music video is considered one of the greatest of all time by publications such as NME . Reznor praised Cash 's interpretation of the song for its `` sincerity and meaning '' , going as far as to say `` that song is n't mine anymore . '' </P> <H2> Contents </H2> <Ul> <Li> 1 Meaning </Li> <Li> 2 Music video </Li> <Li> 3 Live performances </Li> <Li> 4 In popular culture </Li> <Li> 5 Track listing </Li> <Li> 6 Personnel </Li> <Li> 7 Charts </Li> <Li> 8 Johnny Cash version <Ul> <Li> 8.1 Background </Li> <Li> 8.2 Music video </Li> <Li> 8.3 Awards </Li> <Li> 8.4 In popular culture </Li> <Li> 8.5 Track listing </Li> <Li> 8.6 Charts </Li> <Li> 8.7 Certifications </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 9 Other cover versions </Li> <Li> 10 References <Ul> <Li> 10.1 Sources </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 11 Further reading </Li> <Li> 12 External links </Li> </Ul> <H2> Meaning ( edit ) </H2> <P> The song includes references to self - harm and heroin addiction , although the overall meaning of the song is disputed . Some listeners contend that the song acts as a suicide note written by the song 's protagonist , as a result of his depression , while others claim that it describes the difficult process of finding a reason to live in spite of depression and pain and does not have much to do with the storyline . </P> <H2> Music video ( edit ) </H2> <P> The music video for Nine Inch Nails ' original version of `` Hurt '' is a live performance that was recorded before the show in Omaha , Nebraska , on February 13 , 1995 , and can be found on Closure and the DualDisc re-release of The Downward Spiral . The audio portion appears on the UK version of Further Down the Spiral . The version released on Closure differs slightly from the video originally aired on MTV . In addition to using an uncensored audio track , the Closure edit shows alternate views of the audience and performance at several points during the video . </P> <P> To film the video , a scrim was dropped in front of the band on stage , onto which various images , such as war atrocities , a nuclear bomb test , survivors of the Battle of Stalingrad , a snake staring at the camera , and a time - lapse film of a fox decomposing in reverse , were projected , adding visual symbolism to fit the song 's subject matter . A spotlight was cast on Reznor so that he can be seen through the images . Compared to the live renditions performed on future tours , this version most resembles the studio recording with its use of the song 's original samples . </P> <P> There are also official live recordings on the later releases And All that Could Have Been and Beside You in Time . Each version features distinct instrumentation by the varying members of the band in the respective eras . </P> <H2> Live performances ( edit ) </H2> <P> During the Dissonance tour in 1995 , when Nine Inch Nails opened for David Bowie , Bowie sang `` Hurt '' in a duet with Reznor , backed by an original melody and beat . This served as the conclusion to the dual act that began each Bowie set . </P> <P> During the Fragility tours , the progression was performed by Robin Finck on acoustic guitar rather than on piano . </P> <P> Since the 2005 -- 06 Live : With Teeth tour , Nine Inch Nails has been playing `` Hurt '' in a more toned - down style , featuring only Reznor on keyboard and vocals until the final chorus , when the rest of the band joins in . </P> <P> The song was brought back to its original form during the Lights In The Sky tour in 2008 , before returning to the toned down style on the 2009 Wave Goodbye tour . </P> <H2> In popular culture ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> The song was used at the end of `` The Wedding Squanchers '' , the final episode of the second season of the animated series Rick and Morty . </Li> <Li> The original ver\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Trent Reznor" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1641, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\ngon ( / ˈpɒlɪɡɒn / ) is a plane figure that is bounded by a finite chain of straight line segments closing in a loop to form a closed polygonal chain or circuit . These segments are called its edges or sides , and the points where two edges meet are the polygon 's vertices ( singular : vertex ) or corners . The interior of the polygon is sometimes called its body . An n - gon is a polygon with n sides ; for example , a triangle is a 3 - gon . A polygon is a 2 - dimensional example of the more general polytope in any number of dimensions . </P> <P> The basic geometrical notion of a polygon has been adapted in various ways to suit particular purposes . Mathematicians are often concerned only with the bounding closed polygonal chain and with simple polygons which do not self - intersect , and they often define a polygon accordingly . A polygonal boundary may be allowed to intersect itself , creating star polygons and other self - intersecting polygons . These and other generalizations of polygons are described below . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Etymology </Li> <Li> 2 Classification <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Number of sides </Li> <Li> 2.2 Convexity and non-convexity </Li> <Li> 2.3 Equality and symmetry </Li> <Li> 2.4 Miscellaneous </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Properties and formulas <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Angles </Li> <Li> 3.2 Area and centroid <Ul> <Li> 3.2. 1 Simple polygons </Li> <Li> 3.2. 2 Self - intersecting polygons </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Generalizations of polygons </Li> <Li> 5 Naming polygons <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Constructing higher names </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 History </Li> <Li> 7 Polygons in nature </Li> <Li> 8 Polygons in computer graphics </Li> <Li> 9 See also </Li> <Li> 10 References <Ul> <Li> 10.1 Bibliography </Li> <Li> 10.2 Notes </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 11 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Etymology ( edit ) </H2> <P> The word `` polygon '' derives from the Greek adjective πολύς ( polús ) `` much '' , `` many '' and γωνία ( gōnía ) `` corner '' or `` angle '' . It has been suggested that γόνυ ( gónu ) `` knee '' may be the origin of `` gon '' . </P> <H2> Classification ( edit ) </H2> Some different types of polygon <H3> Number of sides ( edit ) </H3> <P> Polygons are primarily classified by the number of sides . See table below . </P> <H3> Convexity and non-convexity ( edit ) </H3> <P> Polygons may be characterized by their convexity or type of non-convexity : </P> <Ul> <Li> Convex : any line drawn through the polygon ( and not tangent to an edge or corner ) meets its boundary exactly twice . As a consequence , all its interior angles are less than 180 ° . Equivalently , any line segment with endpoints on the boundary passes through only interior points between its endpoints . </Li> <Li> Non-convex : a line may be found which meets its boundary more than twice . Equivalently , there exists a line segment between two boundary points that passes outside the polygon . </Li> <Li> Simple : the boundary of the polygon does not cross itself . All convex polygons are simple . </Li> <Li> Concave . Non-convex and simple . There is at least one interior angle greater than 180 ° . </Li> <Li> Star - shaped : the whole interior is visible from at least one point , without crossing any edge . The polygon must be simple , and may be convex or concave . </Li> <Li> Self - intersecting : the boundary of the polygon crosses itself . Branko Grünbaum calls these coptic , though this term does not seem to be widely used . The term complex is sometimes used in contrast to simple , but this usage risks confusion with the idea of a complex polygon as one which exists in the complex Hilbert plane consisting of two complex dimensions . </Li> <Li> Star polygon : a polygon which self - intersects in a regular way . A polygon can not be both a star and star - shaped . </Li> </Ul> <H3> Equality and symmetry ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Equiangular : all corner angles are equal . </Li> <Li> Cyclic : all corners lie on a single circle , called the circumcircle . </Li> <Li> Isogonal or vertex - transitive : all corners lie within the same symmetry orbit . The polygon is also cyclic and equiangular . </Li> <Li> Equilateral : all edges are of the same length . The polygon need not be convex . </Li> <Li> Tangential : all sides are tangent to an inscribed circle . </Li> <Li> Isotoxal or edge - transitive : all sides lie within the same symmetry orbit . The polygon is also equilateral and tangential . </Li> <Li> Regular : the polygon is both isogonal and isotoxal . Equivalently , it is both cyclic and equilateral , or both equilateral and equiangular . A non-convex regular polygon is called a regular star polygon . </Li> </Ul> <H3> Miscellaneous ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Rectilinear : the polygon 's sides meet at right angles , i.e. , all its interior angles are 90 or 270 degrees . </Li> <Li> Monotone with respect to a given line L : every line orthogonal to L intersects the polygon not more than twice . </Li> </Ul> <H2> Properties and formulas ( edit ) </H2> <P> Euclidean geometry is assumed throughout . </P> <H3> Angles ( edit ) </H3> <P> Any polygon has as many corners as it has sides . Each corner has several angles . The two most important ones are : </P> <Ul> <Li> Interior angle -- The sum of the interior angles of a simple n - gon is ( n − 2 ) π radians or ( n − 2 ) × 180 degrees . This is bec\n\nQuestion:\nwhat do you call a three sided polygon\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "triangle" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1641, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nwhat do you call a three sided polygon\n\nDocument:\ngon ( / ˈpɒlɪɡɒn / ) is a plane figure that is bounded by a finite chain of straight line segments closing in a loop to form a closed polygonal chain or circuit . These segments are called its edges or sides , and the points where two edges meet are the polygon 's vertices ( singular : vertex ) or corners . The interior of the polygon is sometimes called its body . An n - gon is a polygon with n sides ; for example , a triangle is a 3 - gon . A polygon is a 2 - dimensional example of the more general polytope in any number of dimensions . </P> <P> The basic geometrical notion of a polygon has been adapted in various ways to suit particular purposes . Mathematicians are often concerned only with the bounding closed polygonal chain and with simple polygons which do not self - intersect , and they often define a polygon accordingly . A polygonal boundary may be allowed to intersect itself , creating star polygons and other self - intersecting polygons . These and other generalizations of polygons are described below . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Etymology </Li> <Li> 2 Classification <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Number of sides </Li> <Li> 2.2 Convexity and non-convexity </Li> <Li> 2.3 Equality and symmetry </Li> <Li> 2.4 Miscellaneous </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Properties and formulas <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Angles </Li> <Li> 3.2 Area and centroid <Ul> <Li> 3.2. 1 Simple polygons </Li> <Li> 3.2. 2 Self - intersecting polygons </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Generalizations of polygons </Li> <Li> 5 Naming polygons <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Constructing higher names </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 History </Li> <Li> 7 Polygons in nature </Li> <Li> 8 Polygons in computer graphics </Li> <Li> 9 See also </Li> <Li> 10 References <Ul> <Li> 10.1 Bibliography </Li> <Li> 10.2 Notes </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 11 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Etymology ( edit ) </H2> <P> The word `` polygon '' derives from the Greek adjective πολύς ( polús ) `` much '' , `` many '' and γωνία ( gōnía ) `` corner '' or `` angle '' . It has been suggested that γόνυ ( gónu ) `` knee '' may be the origin of `` gon '' . </P> <H2> Classification ( edit ) </H2> Some different types of polygon <H3> Number of sides ( edit ) </H3> <P> Polygons are primarily classified by the number of sides . See table below . </P> <H3> Convexity and non-convexity ( edit ) </H3> <P> Polygons may be characterized by their convexity or type of non-convexity : </P> <Ul> <Li> Convex : any line drawn through the polygon ( and not tangent to an edge or corner ) meets its boundary exactly twice . As a consequence , all its interior angles are less than 180 ° . Equivalently , any line segment with endpoints on the boundary passes through only interior points between its endpoints . </Li> <Li> Non-convex : a line may be found which meets its boundary more than twice . Equivalently , there exists a line segment between two boundary points that passes outside the polygon . </Li> <Li> Simple : the boundary of the polygon does not cross itself . All convex polygons are simple . </Li> <Li> Concave . Non-convex and simple . There is at least one interior angle greater than 180 ° . </Li> <Li> Star - shaped : the whole interior is visible from at least one point , without crossing any edge . The polygon must be simple , and may be convex or concave . </Li> <Li> Self - intersecting : the boundary of the polygon crosses itself . Branko Grünbaum calls these coptic , though this term does not seem to be widely used . The term complex is sometimes used in contrast to simple , but this usage risks confusion with the idea of a complex polygon as one which exists in the complex Hilbert plane consisting of two complex dimensions . </Li> <Li> Star polygon : a polygon which self - intersects in a regular way . A polygon can not be both a star and star - shaped . </Li> </Ul> <H3> Equality and symmetry ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Equiangular : all corner angles are equal . </Li> <Li> Cyclic : all corners lie on a single circle , called the circumcircle . </Li> <Li> Isogonal or vertex - transitive : all corners lie within the same symmetry orbit . The polygon is also cyclic and equiangular . </Li> <Li> Equilateral : all edges are of the same length . The polygon need not be convex . </Li> <Li> Tangential : all sides are tangent to an inscribed circle . </Li> <Li> Isotoxal or edge - transitive : all sides lie within the same symmetry orbit . The polygon is also equilateral and tangential . </Li> <Li> Regular : the polygon is both isogonal and isotoxal . Equivalently , it is both cyclic and equilateral , or both equilateral and equiangular . A non-convex regular polygon is called a regular star polygon . </Li> </Ul> <H3> Miscellaneous ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Rectilinear : the polygon 's sides meet at right angles , i.e. , all its interior angles are 90 or 270 degrees . </Li> <Li> Monotone with respect to a given line L : every line orthogonal to L intersects the polygon not more than twice . </Li> </Ul> <H2> Properties and formulas ( edit ) </H2> <P> Euclidean geometry is assumed throughout . </P> <H3> Angles ( edit ) </H3> <P> Any polygon has as many corners as it has sides . Each corner has several angles . The two most important ones are : </P> <Ul> <Li> Interior angle -- The sum of the interior angles of a simple n - gon is ( n − 2 ) π radians or ( n − 2 ) × 180 degrees . This is bec\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "triangle" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1621, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\nPolygon - wikipedia <H1> Polygon </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For other uses , see Polygon ( disambiguation ) . Some polygons of different kinds : open ( excluding its boundary ) , boundary only ( excluding interior ) , closed ( including both boundary and interior ) , and self - intersecting . <P> In elementary geometry , a polygon ( / ˈpɒlɪɡɒn / ) is a plane figure that is bounded by a finite chain of straight line segments closing in a loop to form a closed polygonal chain or circuit . These segments are called its edges or sides , and the points where two edges meet are the polygon 's vertices ( singular : vertex ) or corners . The interior of the polygon is sometimes called its body . An n - gon is a polygon with n sides ; for example , a triangle is a 3 - gon . A polygon is a 2 - dimensional example of the more general polytope in any number of dimensions . </P> <P> The basic geometrical notion of a polygon has been adapted in various ways to suit particular purposes . Mathematicians are often concerned only with the bounding closed polygonal chain and with simple polygons which do not self - intersect , and they often define a polygon accordingly . A polygonal boundary may be allowed to intersect itself , creating star polygons and other self - intersecting polygons . These and other generalizations of polygons are described below . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Etymology </Li> <Li> 2 Classification <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Number of sides </Li> <Li> 2.2 Convexity and non-convexity </Li> <Li> 2.3 Equality and symmetry </Li> <Li> 2.4 Miscellaneous </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Properties and formulas <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Angles </Li> <Li> 3.2 Area and centroid <Ul> <Li> 3.2. 1 Simple polygons </Li> <Li> 3.2. 2 Self - intersecting polygons </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Generalizations of polygons </Li> <Li> 5 Naming polygons <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Constructing higher names </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 History </Li> <Li> 7 Polygons in nature </Li> <Li> 8 Polygons in computer graphics </Li> <Li> 9 See also </Li> <Li> 10 References <Ul> <Li> 10.1 Bibliography </Li> <Li> 10.2 Notes </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 11 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Etymology ( edit ) </H2> <P> The word `` polygon '' derives from the Greek adjective πολύς ( polús ) `` much '' , `` many '' and γωνία ( gōnía ) `` corner '' or `` angle '' . It has been suggested that γόνυ ( gónu ) `` knee '' may be the origin of `` gon '' . </P> <H2> Classification ( edit ) </H2> Some different types of polygon <H3> Number of sides ( edit ) </H3> <P> Polygons are primarily classified by the number of sides . See table below . </P> <H3> Convexity and non-convexity ( edit ) </H3> <P> Polygons may be characterized by their convexity or type of non-convexity : </P> <Ul> <Li> Convex : any line drawn through the polygon ( and not tangent to an edge or corner ) meets its boundary exactly twice . As a consequence , all its interior angles are less than 180 ° . Equivalently , any line segment with endpoints on the boundary passes through only interior points between its endpoints . </Li> <Li> Non-convex : a line may be found which meets its boundary more than twice . Equivalently , there exists a line segment between two boundary points that passes outside the polygon . </Li> <Li> Simple : the boundary of the polygon does not cross itself . All convex polygons are simple . </Li> <Li> Concave . Non-convex and simple . There is at least one interior angle greater than 180 ° . </Li> <Li> Star - shaped : the whole interior is visible from at least one point , without crossing any edge . The polygon must be simple , and may be convex or concave . </Li> <Li> Self - intersecting : the boundary of the polygon crosses itself . Branko Grünbaum calls these coptic , though this term does not seem to be widely used . The term complex is sometimes used in contrast to simple , but this usage risks confusion with the idea of a complex polygon as one which exists in the complex Hilbert plane consisting of two complex dimensions . </Li> <Li> Star polygon : a polygon which self - intersects in a regular way . A polygon can not be both a star and star - shaped . </Li> </Ul> <H3> Equality and symmetry ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Equiangular : all corner angles are equal . </Li> <Li> Cyclic : all corners lie on a single circle , called the circumcircle . </Li> <Li> Isogonal or vertex - transitive : all corners lie within the same symmetry orbit . The polygon is also cyclic and equiangular . </Li> <Li> Equilateral : all edges are of the same length . The polygon need not be convex . </Li> <Li> Tangential : all sides are tangent to an inscribed circle . </Li> <Li> Isotoxal or edge - transitive : all sides lie within the same symmetry orbit . The polygon is also equilateral and tangential . </Li> <Li> Regular : the polygon is both isogonal and isotoxal . Equivalently , it is both cyclic and equilateral , or both equilateral and equiangular . A non-convex regular polygon is called a regular star polygon . </Li> </Ul> <H3> Miscellaneous ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Rectilinear : the polygon 's sides meet at right angles , i.e. , all its interior angles are 90 or 270 degrees . </Li> <Li> Monotone with respect to a given line L : every line orthogonal to L intersects the polygon not more than twice . </Li> </Ul> <H2> Properties and formulas ( edit ) </H2> <P> Eucli\n\nQuestion:\nwhat do you call a three sided polygon\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "triangle" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1621, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nwhat do you call a three sided polygon\n\nDocument:\nPolygon - wikipedia <H1> Polygon </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For other uses , see Polygon ( disambiguation ) . Some polygons of different kinds : open ( excluding its boundary ) , boundary only ( excluding interior ) , closed ( including both boundary and interior ) , and self - intersecting . <P> In elementary geometry , a polygon ( / ˈpɒlɪɡɒn / ) is a plane figure that is bounded by a finite chain of straight line segments closing in a loop to form a closed polygonal chain or circuit . These segments are called its edges or sides , and the points where two edges meet are the polygon 's vertices ( singular : vertex ) or corners . The interior of the polygon is sometimes called its body . An n - gon is a polygon with n sides ; for example , a triangle is a 3 - gon . A polygon is a 2 - dimensional example of the more general polytope in any number of dimensions . </P> <P> The basic geometrical notion of a polygon has been adapted in various ways to suit particular purposes . Mathematicians are often concerned only with the bounding closed polygonal chain and with simple polygons which do not self - intersect , and they often define a polygon accordingly . A polygonal boundary may be allowed to intersect itself , creating star polygons and other self - intersecting polygons . These and other generalizations of polygons are described below . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Etymology </Li> <Li> 2 Classification <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Number of sides </Li> <Li> 2.2 Convexity and non-convexity </Li> <Li> 2.3 Equality and symmetry </Li> <Li> 2.4 Miscellaneous </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Properties and formulas <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Angles </Li> <Li> 3.2 Area and centroid <Ul> <Li> 3.2. 1 Simple polygons </Li> <Li> 3.2. 2 Self - intersecting polygons </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Generalizations of polygons </Li> <Li> 5 Naming polygons <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Constructing higher names </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 History </Li> <Li> 7 Polygons in nature </Li> <Li> 8 Polygons in computer graphics </Li> <Li> 9 See also </Li> <Li> 10 References <Ul> <Li> 10.1 Bibliography </Li> <Li> 10.2 Notes </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 11 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Etymology ( edit ) </H2> <P> The word `` polygon '' derives from the Greek adjective πολύς ( polús ) `` much '' , `` many '' and γωνία ( gōnía ) `` corner '' or `` angle '' . It has been suggested that γόνυ ( gónu ) `` knee '' may be the origin of `` gon '' . </P> <H2> Classification ( edit ) </H2> Some different types of polygon <H3> Number of sides ( edit ) </H3> <P> Polygons are primarily classified by the number of sides . See table below . </P> <H3> Convexity and non-convexity ( edit ) </H3> <P> Polygons may be characterized by their convexity or type of non-convexity : </P> <Ul> <Li> Convex : any line drawn through the polygon ( and not tangent to an edge or corner ) meets its boundary exactly twice . As a consequence , all its interior angles are less than 180 ° . Equivalently , any line segment with endpoints on the boundary passes through only interior points between its endpoints . </Li> <Li> Non-convex : a line may be found which meets its boundary more than twice . Equivalently , there exists a line segment between two boundary points that passes outside the polygon . </Li> <Li> Simple : the boundary of the polygon does not cross itself . All convex polygons are simple . </Li> <Li> Concave . Non-convex and simple . There is at least one interior angle greater than 180 ° . </Li> <Li> Star - shaped : the whole interior is visible from at least one point , without crossing any edge . The polygon must be simple , and may be convex or concave . </Li> <Li> Self - intersecting : the boundary of the polygon crosses itself . Branko Grünbaum calls these coptic , though this term does not seem to be widely used . The term complex is sometimes used in contrast to simple , but this usage risks confusion with the idea of a complex polygon as one which exists in the complex Hilbert plane consisting of two complex dimensions . </Li> <Li> Star polygon : a polygon which self - intersects in a regular way . A polygon can not be both a star and star - shaped . </Li> </Ul> <H3> Equality and symmetry ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Equiangular : all corner angles are equal . </Li> <Li> Cyclic : all corners lie on a single circle , called the circumcircle . </Li> <Li> Isogonal or vertex - transitive : all corners lie within the same symmetry orbit . The polygon is also cyclic and equiangular . </Li> <Li> Equilateral : all edges are of the same length . The polygon need not be convex . </Li> <Li> Tangential : all sides are tangent to an inscribed circle . </Li> <Li> Isotoxal or edge - transitive : all sides lie within the same symmetry orbit . The polygon is also equilateral and tangential . </Li> <Li> Regular : the polygon is both isogonal and isotoxal . Equivalently , it is both cyclic and equilateral , or both equilateral and equiangular . A non-convex regular polygon is called a regular star polygon . </Li> </Ul> <H3> Miscellaneous ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Rectilinear : the polygon 's sides meet at right angles , i.e. , all its interior angles are 90 or 270 degrees . </Li> <Li> Monotone with respect to a given line L : every line orthogonal to L intersects the polygon not more than twice . </Li> </Ul> <H2> Properties and formulas ( edit ) </H2> <P> Eucli\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "triangle" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1621, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\nPolygon - wikipedia <H1> Polygon </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For other uses , see Polygon ( disambiguation ) . Some polygons of different kinds : open ( excluding its boundary ) , boundary only ( excluding interior ) , closed ( including both boundary and interior ) , and self - intersecting . <P> In elementary geometry , a polygon ( / ˈpɒlɪɡɒn / ) is a plane figure that is bounded by a finite chain of straight line segments closing in a loop to form a closed polygonal chain or circuit . These segments are called its edges or sides , and the points where two edges meet are the polygon 's vertices ( singular : vertex ) or corners . The interior of the polygon is sometimes called its body . An n - gon is a polygon with n sides ; for example , a triangle is a 3 - gon . A polygon is a 2 - dimensional example of the more general polytope in any number of dimensions . </P> <P> The basic geometrical notion of a polygon has been adapted in various ways to suit particular purposes . Mathematicians are often concerned only with the bounding closed polygonal chain and with simple polygons which do not self - intersect , and they often define a polygon accordingly . A polygonal boundary may be allowed to intersect itself , creating star polygons and other self - intersecting polygons . These and other generalizations of polygons are described below . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Etymology </Li> <Li> 2 Classification <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Number of sides </Li> <Li> 2.2 Convexity and non-convexity </Li> <Li> 2.3 Equality and symmetry </Li> <Li> 2.4 Miscellaneous </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Properties and formulas <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Angles </Li> <Li> 3.2 Area and centroid <Ul> <Li> 3.2. 1 Simple polygons </Li> <Li> 3.2. 2 Self - intersecting polygons </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Generalizations of polygons </Li> <Li> 5 Naming polygons <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Constructing higher names </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 History </Li> <Li> 7 Polygons in nature </Li> <Li> 8 Polygons in computer graphics </Li> <Li> 9 See also </Li> <Li> 10 References <Ul> <Li> 10.1 Bibliography </Li> <Li> 10.2 Notes </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 11 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Etymology ( edit ) </H2> <P> The word `` polygon '' derives from the Greek adjective πολύς ( polús ) `` much '' , `` many '' and γωνία ( gōnía ) `` corner '' or `` angle '' . It has been suggested that γόνυ ( gónu ) `` knee '' may be the origin of `` gon '' . </P> <H2> Classification ( edit ) </H2> Some different types of polygon <H3> Number of sides ( edit ) </H3> <P> Polygons are primarily classified by the number of sides . See table below . </P> <H3> Convexity and non-convexity ( edit ) </H3> <P> Polygons may be characterized by their convexity or type of non-convexity : </P> <Ul> <Li> Convex : any line drawn through the polygon ( and not tangent to an edge or corner ) meets its boundary exactly twice . As a consequence , all its interior angles are less than 180 ° . Equivalently , any line segment with endpoints on the boundary passes through only interior points between its endpoints . </Li> <Li> Non-convex : a line may be found which meets its boundary more than twice . Equivalently , there exists a line segment between two boundary points that passes outside the polygon . </Li> <Li> Simple : the boundary of the polygon does not cross itself . All convex polygons are simple . </Li> <Li> Concave . Non-convex and simple . There is at least one interior angle greater than 180 ° . </Li> <Li> Star - shaped : the whole interior is visible from at least one point , without crossing any edge . The polygon must be simple , and may be convex or concave . </Li> <Li> Self - intersecting : the boundary of the polygon crosses itself . Branko Grünbaum calls these coptic , though this term does not seem to be widely used . The term complex is sometimes used in contrast to simple , but this usage risks confusion with the idea of a complex polygon as one which exists in the complex Hilbert plane consisting of two complex dimensions . </Li> <Li> Star polygon : a polygon which self - intersects in a regular way . A polygon can not be both a star and star - shaped . </Li> </Ul> <H3> Equality and symmetry ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Equiangular : all corner angles are equal . </Li> <Li> Cyclic : all corners lie on a single circle , called the circumcircle . </Li> <Li> Isogonal or vertex - transitive : all corners lie within the same symmetry orbit . The polygon is also cyclic and equiangular . </Li> <Li> Equilateral : all edges are of the same length . The polygon need not be convex . </Li> <Li> Tangential : all sides are tangent to an inscribed circle . </Li> <Li> Isotoxal or edge - transitive : all sides lie within the same symmetry orbit . The polygon is also equilateral and tangential . </Li> <Li> Regular : the polygon is both isogonal and isotoxal . Equivalently , it is both cyclic and equilateral , or both equilateral and equiangular . A non-convex regular polygon is called a regular star polygon . </Li> </Ul> <H3> Miscellaneous ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Rectilinear : the polygon 's sides meet at right angles , i.e. , all its interior angles are 90 or 270 degrees . </Li> <Li> Monotone with respect to a given line L : every line orthogonal to L intersects the polygon not more than twice . </Li> </Ul> <H2> Properties and formulas ( edit ) </H2> <P> Eucli\n\nQuestion:\nwhat do you call a three sided polygon\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "triangle" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1621, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nwhat do you call a three sided polygon\n\nDocument:\nPolygon - wikipedia <H1> Polygon </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For other uses , see Polygon ( disambiguation ) . Some polygons of different kinds : open ( excluding its boundary ) , boundary only ( excluding interior ) , closed ( including both boundary and interior ) , and self - intersecting . <P> In elementary geometry , a polygon ( / ˈpɒlɪɡɒn / ) is a plane figure that is bounded by a finite chain of straight line segments closing in a loop to form a closed polygonal chain or circuit . These segments are called its edges or sides , and the points where two edges meet are the polygon 's vertices ( singular : vertex ) or corners . The interior of the polygon is sometimes called its body . An n - gon is a polygon with n sides ; for example , a triangle is a 3 - gon . A polygon is a 2 - dimensional example of the more general polytope in any number of dimensions . </P> <P> The basic geometrical notion of a polygon has been adapted in various ways to suit particular purposes . Mathematicians are often concerned only with the bounding closed polygonal chain and with simple polygons which do not self - intersect , and they often define a polygon accordingly . A polygonal boundary may be allowed to intersect itself , creating star polygons and other self - intersecting polygons . These and other generalizations of polygons are described below . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Etymology </Li> <Li> 2 Classification <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Number of sides </Li> <Li> 2.2 Convexity and non-convexity </Li> <Li> 2.3 Equality and symmetry </Li> <Li> 2.4 Miscellaneous </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Properties and formulas <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Angles </Li> <Li> 3.2 Area and centroid <Ul> <Li> 3.2. 1 Simple polygons </Li> <Li> 3.2. 2 Self - intersecting polygons </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Generalizations of polygons </Li> <Li> 5 Naming polygons <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Constructing higher names </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 History </Li> <Li> 7 Polygons in nature </Li> <Li> 8 Polygons in computer graphics </Li> <Li> 9 See also </Li> <Li> 10 References <Ul> <Li> 10.1 Bibliography </Li> <Li> 10.2 Notes </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 11 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Etymology ( edit ) </H2> <P> The word `` polygon '' derives from the Greek adjective πολύς ( polús ) `` much '' , `` many '' and γωνία ( gōnía ) `` corner '' or `` angle '' . It has been suggested that γόνυ ( gónu ) `` knee '' may be the origin of `` gon '' . </P> <H2> Classification ( edit ) </H2> Some different types of polygon <H3> Number of sides ( edit ) </H3> <P> Polygons are primarily classified by the number of sides . See table below . </P> <H3> Convexity and non-convexity ( edit ) </H3> <P> Polygons may be characterized by their convexity or type of non-convexity : </P> <Ul> <Li> Convex : any line drawn through the polygon ( and not tangent to an edge or corner ) meets its boundary exactly twice . As a consequence , all its interior angles are less than 180 ° . Equivalently , any line segment with endpoints on the boundary passes through only interior points between its endpoints . </Li> <Li> Non-convex : a line may be found which meets its boundary more than twice . Equivalently , there exists a line segment between two boundary points that passes outside the polygon . </Li> <Li> Simple : the boundary of the polygon does not cross itself . All convex polygons are simple . </Li> <Li> Concave . Non-convex and simple . There is at least one interior angle greater than 180 ° . </Li> <Li> Star - shaped : the whole interior is visible from at least one point , without crossing any edge . The polygon must be simple , and may be convex or concave . </Li> <Li> Self - intersecting : the boundary of the polygon crosses itself . Branko Grünbaum calls these coptic , though this term does not seem to be widely used . The term complex is sometimes used in contrast to simple , but this usage risks confusion with the idea of a complex polygon as one which exists in the complex Hilbert plane consisting of two complex dimensions . </Li> <Li> Star polygon : a polygon which self - intersects in a regular way . A polygon can not be both a star and star - shaped . </Li> </Ul> <H3> Equality and symmetry ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Equiangular : all corner angles are equal . </Li> <Li> Cyclic : all corners lie on a single circle , called the circumcircle . </Li> <Li> Isogonal or vertex - transitive : all corners lie within the same symmetry orbit . The polygon is also cyclic and equiangular . </Li> <Li> Equilateral : all edges are of the same length . The polygon need not be convex . </Li> <Li> Tangential : all sides are tangent to an inscribed circle . </Li> <Li> Isotoxal or edge - transitive : all sides lie within the same symmetry orbit . The polygon is also equilateral and tangential . </Li> <Li> Regular : the polygon is both isogonal and isotoxal . Equivalently , it is both cyclic and equilateral , or both equilateral and equiangular . A non-convex regular polygon is called a regular star polygon . </Li> </Ul> <H3> Miscellaneous ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Rectilinear : the polygon 's sides meet at right angles , i.e. , all its interior angles are 90 or 270 degrees . </Li> <Li> Monotone with respect to a given line L : every line orthogonal to L intersects the polygon not more than twice . </Li> </Ul> <H2> Properties and formulas ( edit ) </H2> <P> Eucli\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "triangle" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1780, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\nnn Marie Latham and Kay Alden , the role is currently portrayed by Hunter King . The character was born onscreen during the episode airing on December 19 , 2006 as the daughter of Phyllis Summers ( Gina Tognoni ) and Nicholas Newman ( Joshua Morrow ) , but for one year was believed to be the daughter of Jack Abbott ( Peter Bergman ) because of Sharon 's tampering with the paternity test results . </P> <P> The role was first portrayed by a series of child actors , including Samantha Bailey . In 2012 , the character was rapidly aged to a teenager , with actress Lindsay Bushman assuming the role . However , Bushman was let go months into her debut and replaced by King . Summer was later involved in a cyberbullying plot with Fenmore Baldwin ( Max Ehrich ) and Jamie Vernon ( Daniel Polo ) . Bailey has received critical acclaim for her portrayal , which has garnered her a Young Artist Award . King has also received critical acclaim for her portrayal , which has garnered nominations for a Young Artist Award and 2 Daytime Emmy Awards . King won her first Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Younger Actress in a Drama Series in 2014 for her role as Summer . </P> <H2> Contents </H2> <Ul> <Li> 1 Casting </Li> <Li> 2 Development <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Characterization </Li> <Li> 2.2 Teenage years and cyber bullying </Li> <Li> 2.3 Paternity </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Storylines </Li> <Li> 4 Reception </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 External links </Li> </Ul> <H2> Casting ( edit ) </H2> `` Jill me over there . I never auditioned for Y&R . Jill ( who had worked with Hunter on Hollywood Heights ) just called me . As I was coming off the plane from Florida with a friend , Jill called and said , `` Do you want to come work on Y&R and play Summer ? I was like , `` Yeah . '' She said , `` Okay . You start in two days . '' I came in and replaced the old Summer ( Lindsay Bushman ) in the middle of a huge storyline , where she had gotten into a car accident and hit Chelsea , her aunt , and killed her baby . I came in in the middle of that , as Summer was waking up in the hospital . It was very intimidating coming into such a huge storyline , but everybody was really helpful . I got into it very quickly . '' <P> -- Hunter King , speaking of her casting on The Young and the Restless . </P> <P> The role was initially portrayed by various sets of twins . They included Elara and Rhea Kerwin ( nieces of director James Kerwin ) from December 29 , 2006 to June 20 , 2008 , Bianca and Chiara D'Ambrosio from July 22 to November 12 , 2008 , and Sophia and Angelia Hert until 2009 . The character was then rapidly aged for the first time , with child actress Samantha Bailey assuming the role on June 9 , 2009 . Bailey made her final appearance on May 4 , 2012 . On May 11 , 2012 , it was announced the Lindsay Bushman had been cast in the role of the teenage Summer . Bushman made her first appearance on June 8 , 2012 on a recurring basis . Bushman had a small bit role on General Hospital as a young Kate Howard in a flashback . Bushman revealed that she got the audition thanks to her agent and booked the role after a few callbacks and chemistry reads . With the installation of new executive producer Jill Farren Phelps , rumors began to circulate that a lot of cast members were in danger of being released or replaced . </P> <P> Nelson Branco of TV Guide Canada announced the news of Bushman 's departure in his magazine , Soap Opera Uncensored in September 2012 . Bushman 's tweet in response to her firing hinted that she would be replaced by Hunter King formerly of Hollywood Heights , which was also run by Griffith and Phelps . Bushman expressed her frustrations about being replaced on Twitter , saying : `` The Young and the Restless is being invaded by Hollywood Heights '' , referring to Robert Adamson joining the cast as Kevin Schmidt 's replacement . King began taping on September 20 , immediately after the announcement about Bushman 's departure . King made her debut on a recurring status on October 15 , 2012 . King revealed that she got a voice mail from executive producer Jill Farren Phelps shortly after getting off a flight . Phelps offered her the role and said she would start working in just two days . King admitted that she felt pressure because she stepped into the role during such a critical storyline but said the encouragement from fans really helped . In March 2013 , after six months on a recurring status , King was placed on contract . She stated she was `` so excited '' and that she had been `` waiting and waiting '' for a contract because she `` loves working with everybody on the show '' . </P> <P> On June 3 , 2016 , Deadline reported that King reverted to recurring status with the soap , due to being upgraded to a series regular on Life in Pieces . King last appeared on December 16 , 2016 . On May 23 , 2018 , TVLine announced King 's full - time return ; her return aired on June 4 , 2018 . </P> <P> Due to King 's commitment to Life In Pieces , the role was temporarily recast with actress Bayley Corman , expected to air on October 1 , 2018 for three consecutive episodes . </P> <H2> Development ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Characterization ( edit ) </H3> <P> With the decision to age the character , Summer was described as `` fun '' and `` feisty , '' and the `` typical '' teenager . Bushman said that Summer would definitely be a trouble maker much like her mother . Though Summer is definitely like her mom , `` she has a bit more morals '' like her father and often disapproves when her mother does something wrong . When comparing Summer to her former Hollywood Heights role , Adriana Masters , whom she described as a `` mean girl , '' King explained that there are a lot of factors in Summer 's life that lead her to trouble . King described the character as `` sweet '' but also a little `` rebellious . '' When compared to Adriana , King said Summer is a bit more `` softhearted . '' However , King said that it helped that she was still a teenager herself , and explained that Summer like most teenagers can go `` 0 to 100 in your range of emotions . '' According to King , Summer can be very `` angsty and stubborn '' but also at times , Summers begins to open and shows vulnerability . </P> <H3> Teenage years and cyber bullying ( edit ) </H3> <P> In April 2012 , it was announced that the role of Summer would be rapidly aged along with Fenmore Baldwin , the son of Michael Baldwin ( Christian \n\nQuestion:\nwho is summer's father on young and restless\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Nicholas Newman" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1780, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nwho is summer's father on young and restless\n\nDocument:\nnn Marie Latham and Kay Alden , the role is currently portrayed by Hunter King . The character was born onscreen during the episode airing on December 19 , 2006 as the daughter of Phyllis Summers ( Gina Tognoni ) and Nicholas Newman ( Joshua Morrow ) , but for one year was believed to be the daughter of Jack Abbott ( Peter Bergman ) because of Sharon 's tampering with the paternity test results . </P> <P> The role was first portrayed by a series of child actors , including Samantha Bailey . In 2012 , the character was rapidly aged to a teenager , with actress Lindsay Bushman assuming the role . However , Bushman was let go months into her debut and replaced by King . Summer was later involved in a cyberbullying plot with Fenmore Baldwin ( Max Ehrich ) and Jamie Vernon ( Daniel Polo ) . Bailey has received critical acclaim for her portrayal , which has garnered her a Young Artist Award . King has also received critical acclaim for her portrayal , which has garnered nominations for a Young Artist Award and 2 Daytime Emmy Awards . King won her first Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Younger Actress in a Drama Series in 2014 for her role as Summer . </P> <H2> Contents </H2> <Ul> <Li> 1 Casting </Li> <Li> 2 Development <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Characterization </Li> <Li> 2.2 Teenage years and cyber bullying </Li> <Li> 2.3 Paternity </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Storylines </Li> <Li> 4 Reception </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 External links </Li> </Ul> <H2> Casting ( edit ) </H2> `` Jill me over there . I never auditioned for Y&R . Jill ( who had worked with Hunter on Hollywood Heights ) just called me . As I was coming off the plane from Florida with a friend , Jill called and said , `` Do you want to come work on Y&R and play Summer ? I was like , `` Yeah . '' She said , `` Okay . You start in two days . '' I came in and replaced the old Summer ( Lindsay Bushman ) in the middle of a huge storyline , where she had gotten into a car accident and hit Chelsea , her aunt , and killed her baby . I came in in the middle of that , as Summer was waking up in the hospital . It was very intimidating coming into such a huge storyline , but everybody was really helpful . I got into it very quickly . '' <P> -- Hunter King , speaking of her casting on The Young and the Restless . </P> <P> The role was initially portrayed by various sets of twins . They included Elara and Rhea Kerwin ( nieces of director James Kerwin ) from December 29 , 2006 to June 20 , 2008 , Bianca and Chiara D'Ambrosio from July 22 to November 12 , 2008 , and Sophia and Angelia Hert until 2009 . The character was then rapidly aged for the first time , with child actress Samantha Bailey assuming the role on June 9 , 2009 . Bailey made her final appearance on May 4 , 2012 . On May 11 , 2012 , it was announced the Lindsay Bushman had been cast in the role of the teenage Summer . Bushman made her first appearance on June 8 , 2012 on a recurring basis . Bushman had a small bit role on General Hospital as a young Kate Howard in a flashback . Bushman revealed that she got the audition thanks to her agent and booked the role after a few callbacks and chemistry reads . With the installation of new executive producer Jill Farren Phelps , rumors began to circulate that a lot of cast members were in danger of being released or replaced . </P> <P> Nelson Branco of TV Guide Canada announced the news of Bushman 's departure in his magazine , Soap Opera Uncensored in September 2012 . Bushman 's tweet in response to her firing hinted that she would be replaced by Hunter King formerly of Hollywood Heights , which was also run by Griffith and Phelps . Bushman expressed her frustrations about being replaced on Twitter , saying : `` The Young and the Restless is being invaded by Hollywood Heights '' , referring to Robert Adamson joining the cast as Kevin Schmidt 's replacement . King began taping on September 20 , immediately after the announcement about Bushman 's departure . King made her debut on a recurring status on October 15 , 2012 . King revealed that she got a voice mail from executive producer Jill Farren Phelps shortly after getting off a flight . Phelps offered her the role and said she would start working in just two days . King admitted that she felt pressure because she stepped into the role during such a critical storyline but said the encouragement from fans really helped . In March 2013 , after six months on a recurring status , King was placed on contract . She stated she was `` so excited '' and that she had been `` waiting and waiting '' for a contract because she `` loves working with everybody on the show '' . </P> <P> On June 3 , 2016 , Deadline reported that King reverted to recurring status with the soap , due to being upgraded to a series regular on Life in Pieces . King last appeared on December 16 , 2016 . On May 23 , 2018 , TVLine announced King 's full - time return ; her return aired on June 4 , 2018 . </P> <P> Due to King 's commitment to Life In Pieces , the role was temporarily recast with actress Bayley Corman , expected to air on October 1 , 2018 for three consecutive episodes . </P> <H2> Development ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Characterization ( edit ) </H3> <P> With the decision to age the character , Summer was described as `` fun '' and `` feisty , '' and the `` typical '' teenager . Bushman said that Summer would definitely be a trouble maker much like her mother . Though Summer is definitely like her mom , `` she has a bit more morals '' like her father and often disapproves when her mother does something wrong . When comparing Summer to her former Hollywood Heights role , Adriana Masters , whom she described as a `` mean girl , '' King explained that there are a lot of factors in Summer 's life that lead her to trouble . King described the character as `` sweet '' but also a little `` rebellious . '' When compared to Adriana , King said Summer is a bit more `` softhearted . '' However , King said that it helped that she was still a teenager herself , and explained that Summer like most teenagers can go `` 0 to 100 in your range of emotions . '' According to King , Summer can be very `` angsty and stubborn '' but also at times , Summers begins to open and shows vulnerability . </P> <H3> Teenage years and cyber bullying ( edit ) </H3> <P> In April 2012 , it was announced that the role of Summer would be rapidly aged along with Fenmore Baldwin , the son of Michael Baldwin ( Christian \n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Nicholas Newman" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1902, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\n</Li> <Li> Lydia Callahan </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Uncles </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Dylan McAvoy </Li> <Li> John Abbott III </Li> <Li> Adam Newman </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Aunts </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Victoria Newman </Li> <Li> Abby Newman </Li> <Li> Avery Bailey Clark </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Nieces </Th> <Td> Lucy Romalotti </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> First cousins </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Eve Howard </Li> <Li> Reed Hellstrom </Li> <Li> Johnny Abbott ( adoptive ) </Li> <Li> Connor Newman </Li> <Li> Katie Newman </Li> <Li> Christian Newman </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Summer Newman is a fictional character from the American CBS soap opera The Young and the Restless . Created by former head writers Lynn Marie Latham and Kay Alden , the role is currently portrayed by Hunter King . The character was born onscreen during the episode airing on December 19 , 2006 as the daughter of Phyllis Summers ( Gina Tognoni ) and Nicholas Newman ( Joshua Morrow ) , but for one year was believed to be the daughter of Jack Abbott ( Peter Bergman ) because of Sharon 's tampering with the paternity test results . </P> <P> The role was first portrayed by a series of child actors , including Samantha Bailey . In 2012 , the character was rapidly aged to a teenager , with actress Lindsay Bushman assuming the role . However , Bushman was let go months into her debut and replaced by King . Summer was later involved in a cyberbullying plot with Fenmore Baldwin ( Max Ehrich ) and Jamie Vernon ( Daniel Polo ) . Bailey has received critical acclaim for her portrayal , which has garnered her a Young Artist Award . King has also received critical acclaim for her portrayal , which has garnered nominations for a Young Artist Award and 2 Daytime Emmy Awards . King won her first Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Younger Actress in a Drama Series in 2014 for her role as Summer . </P> <H2> Contents </H2> <Ul> <Li> 1 Casting </Li> <Li> 2 Development <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Characterization </Li> <Li> 2.2 Teenage years and cyber bullying </Li> <Li> 2.3 Paternity </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Storylines </Li> <Li> 4 Reception </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 External links </Li> </Ul> <H2> Casting ( edit ) </H2> `` Jill me over there . I never auditioned for Y&R . Jill ( who had worked with Hunter on Hollywood Heights ) just called me . As I was coming off the plane from Florida with a friend , Jill called and said , `` Do you want to come work on Y&R and play Summer ? I was like , `` Yeah . '' She said , `` Okay . You start in two days . '' I came in and replaced the old Summer ( Lindsay Bushman ) in the middle of a huge storyline , where she had gotten into a car accident and hit Chelsea , her aunt , and killed her baby . I came in in the middle of that , as Summer was waking up in the hospital . It was very intimidating coming into such a huge storyline , but everybody was really helpful . I got into it very quickly . '' <P> -- Hunter King , speaking of her casting on The Young and the Restless . </P> <P> The role was initially portrayed by various sets of twins . They included Elara and Rhea Kerwin ( nieces of director James Kerwin ) from December 29 , 2006 to June 20 , 2008 , Bianca and Chiara D'Ambrosio from July 22 to November 12 , 2008 , and Sophia and Angelia Hert until 2009 . The character was then rapidly aged for the first time , with child actress Samantha Bailey assuming the role on June 9 , 2009 . Bailey made her final appearance on May 4 , 2012 . On May 11 , 2012 , it was announced the Lindsay Bushman had been cast in the role of the teenage Summer . Bushman made her first appearance on June 8 , 2012 on a recurring basis . Bushman had a small bit role on General Hospital as a young Kate Howard in a flashback . Bushman revealed that she got the audition thanks to her agent and booked the role after a few callbacks and chemistry reads . With the installation of new executive producer Jill Farren Phelps , rumors began to circulate that a lot of cast members were in danger of being released or replaced . </P> <P> Nelson Branco of TV Guide Canada announced the news of Bushman 's departure in his magazine , Soap Opera Uncensored in September 2012 . Bushman 's tweet in response to her firing hinted that she would be replaced by Hunter King formerly of Hollywood Heights , which was also run by Griffith and Phelps . Bushman expressed her frustrations about being replaced on Twitter , saying : `` The Young and the Restless is being invaded by Hollywood Heights '' , referring to Robert Adamson joining the cast as Kevin Schmidt 's replacement . King began taping on September 20 , immediately after the announcement about Bushman 's departure . King made her debut on a recurring status on October 15 , 2012 . King revealed that she got a voice mail from executive producer Jill Farren Phelps shortly after getting off a flight . Phelps offered her the role and said she would start working in just two days . King admitted that she felt pressure because she stepped into the role during such a critical storyline but said the encouragement from fans really helped . In March 2013 , after six months on a recurring status , King was placed on contract . She stated she was `` so excited '' and that she had been `` waiting and waiting '' for a contract because she `` loves working with everybody on the show '' . </P> <P> On June 3 , 2016 , Deadline reported that King reverted to recurring status with the soap , due to being upgraded to a series regular on Life in Pieces . King last appeared on December 16 , 2016 . On May 23 , 2018 , TVLine announced King 's full - time return ; her return aired on June 4 , 2018 . </P> <P> Due to King 's commitment to Life In Pieces , the role was temporarily recast with actress Bayley Corman , expected to air on October 1 , 2018 for three consecutive episodes . </P> <H2> Development ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Characterization ( edit ) </H3> <P> With the decision to age the character , Summer was described as `` fun '' and `` feisty , '' and the `` typical '' teenager . Bushman said that Summer would definitely be a trouble maker much like her mother . Though Summer is definitely like her mom , `` she has a bit more morals '' like her father and often disapproves when her mother does something wrong . When comparing Summer to her former Hollywood Heights role , Adriana Masters , whom she described as a `` mean girl , '' King explained t\n\nQuestion:\nwho is summer's father on young and restless\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Nicholas Newman" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1902, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nwho is summer's father on young and restless\n\nDocument:\n</Li> <Li> Lydia Callahan </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Uncles </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Dylan McAvoy </Li> <Li> John Abbott III </Li> <Li> Adam Newman </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Aunts </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Victoria Newman </Li> <Li> Abby Newman </Li> <Li> Avery Bailey Clark </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Nieces </Th> <Td> Lucy Romalotti </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> First cousins </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Eve Howard </Li> <Li> Reed Hellstrom </Li> <Li> Johnny Abbott ( adoptive ) </Li> <Li> Connor Newman </Li> <Li> Katie Newman </Li> <Li> Christian Newman </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Summer Newman is a fictional character from the American CBS soap opera The Young and the Restless . Created by former head writers Lynn Marie Latham and Kay Alden , the role is currently portrayed by Hunter King . The character was born onscreen during the episode airing on December 19 , 2006 as the daughter of Phyllis Summers ( Gina Tognoni ) and Nicholas Newman ( Joshua Morrow ) , but for one year was believed to be the daughter of Jack Abbott ( Peter Bergman ) because of Sharon 's tampering with the paternity test results . </P> <P> The role was first portrayed by a series of child actors , including Samantha Bailey . In 2012 , the character was rapidly aged to a teenager , with actress Lindsay Bushman assuming the role . However , Bushman was let go months into her debut and replaced by King . Summer was later involved in a cyberbullying plot with Fenmore Baldwin ( Max Ehrich ) and Jamie Vernon ( Daniel Polo ) . Bailey has received critical acclaim for her portrayal , which has garnered her a Young Artist Award . King has also received critical acclaim for her portrayal , which has garnered nominations for a Young Artist Award and 2 Daytime Emmy Awards . King won her first Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Younger Actress in a Drama Series in 2014 for her role as Summer . </P> <H2> Contents </H2> <Ul> <Li> 1 Casting </Li> <Li> 2 Development <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Characterization </Li> <Li> 2.2 Teenage years and cyber bullying </Li> <Li> 2.3 Paternity </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Storylines </Li> <Li> 4 Reception </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 External links </Li> </Ul> <H2> Casting ( edit ) </H2> `` Jill me over there . I never auditioned for Y&R . Jill ( who had worked with Hunter on Hollywood Heights ) just called me . As I was coming off the plane from Florida with a friend , Jill called and said , `` Do you want to come work on Y&R and play Summer ? I was like , `` Yeah . '' She said , `` Okay . You start in two days . '' I came in and replaced the old Summer ( Lindsay Bushman ) in the middle of a huge storyline , where she had gotten into a car accident and hit Chelsea , her aunt , and killed her baby . I came in in the middle of that , as Summer was waking up in the hospital . It was very intimidating coming into such a huge storyline , but everybody was really helpful . I got into it very quickly . '' <P> -- Hunter King , speaking of her casting on The Young and the Restless . </P> <P> The role was initially portrayed by various sets of twins . They included Elara and Rhea Kerwin ( nieces of director James Kerwin ) from December 29 , 2006 to June 20 , 2008 , Bianca and Chiara D'Ambrosio from July 22 to November 12 , 2008 , and Sophia and Angelia Hert until 2009 . The character was then rapidly aged for the first time , with child actress Samantha Bailey assuming the role on June 9 , 2009 . Bailey made her final appearance on May 4 , 2012 . On May 11 , 2012 , it was announced the Lindsay Bushman had been cast in the role of the teenage Summer . Bushman made her first appearance on June 8 , 2012 on a recurring basis . Bushman had a small bit role on General Hospital as a young Kate Howard in a flashback . Bushman revealed that she got the audition thanks to her agent and booked the role after a few callbacks and chemistry reads . With the installation of new executive producer Jill Farren Phelps , rumors began to circulate that a lot of cast members were in danger of being released or replaced . </P> <P> Nelson Branco of TV Guide Canada announced the news of Bushman 's departure in his magazine , Soap Opera Uncensored in September 2012 . Bushman 's tweet in response to her firing hinted that she would be replaced by Hunter King formerly of Hollywood Heights , which was also run by Griffith and Phelps . Bushman expressed her frustrations about being replaced on Twitter , saying : `` The Young and the Restless is being invaded by Hollywood Heights '' , referring to Robert Adamson joining the cast as Kevin Schmidt 's replacement . King began taping on September 20 , immediately after the announcement about Bushman 's departure . King made her debut on a recurring status on October 15 , 2012 . King revealed that she got a voice mail from executive producer Jill Farren Phelps shortly after getting off a flight . Phelps offered her the role and said she would start working in just two days . King admitted that she felt pressure because she stepped into the role during such a critical storyline but said the encouragement from fans really helped . In March 2013 , after six months on a recurring status , King was placed on contract . She stated she was `` so excited '' and that she had been `` waiting and waiting '' for a contract because she `` loves working with everybody on the show '' . </P> <P> On June 3 , 2016 , Deadline reported that King reverted to recurring status with the soap , due to being upgraded to a series regular on Life in Pieces . King last appeared on December 16 , 2016 . On May 23 , 2018 , TVLine announced King 's full - time return ; her return aired on June 4 , 2018 . </P> <P> Due to King 's commitment to Life In Pieces , the role was temporarily recast with actress Bayley Corman , expected to air on October 1 , 2018 for three consecutive episodes . </P> <H2> Development ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Characterization ( edit ) </H3> <P> With the decision to age the character , Summer was described as `` fun '' and `` feisty , '' and the `` typical '' teenager . Bushman said that Summer would definitely be a trouble maker much like her mother . Though Summer is definitely like her mom , `` she has a bit more morals '' like her father and often disapproves when her mother does something wrong . When comparing Summer to her former Hollywood Heights role , Adriana Masters , whom she described as a `` mean girl , '' King explained t\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Nicholas Newman" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 2430, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\nSummer Newman - wikipedia <H1> Summer Newman </H1> <P> </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Summer Newman </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> Hunter King as Summer Newman </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> The Young and the Restless character </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Portrayed by </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Elara and Rhea Kerwin ( 2006 -- 08 ) </Li> <Li> Bianca and Chiara D'Ambrosio ( 2008 ) </Li> <Li> Sophia and Angelia Hert ( 2008 -- 09 ) </Li> <Li> Samantha Bailey ( 2009 -- 12 ) </Li> <Li> Lindsay Bushman ( 2012 ) </Li> <Li> Hunter King ( 2012 -- ) </Li> <Li> Bayley Corman ( 2018 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Duration </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 2006 -- 16 </Li> <Li> 2018 -- </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> First appearance </Th> <Td> December 19 , 2006 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Created by </Th> <Td> Lynn Marie Latham , Kay Alden and Scott Hamner </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Introduced by </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Lynn Marie Latham and Josh Griffith ( 2006 ) </Li> <Li> Maria Arena Bell ( 2012 ) </Li> <Li> Mal Young ( 2018 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Classification </Th> <Td> Present ; regular </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Profile </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Other names </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Brittni </Li> <Li> Summer Travers </Li> <Li> Summer Ann Newman </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Occupation </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Marketing employee </Li> <Li> Business Intern </Li> <Li> Student </Li> <Li> Camp Counselor </Li> <Li> Model </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Home </Th> <Td> Genoa City , Wisconsin </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> <Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> show Family </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Family </Th> <Td> Newman </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Father </Th> <Td> Nicholas Newman </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Mother </Th> <Td> Phyllis Summers </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Stepfather </Th> <Td> Jack Abbott ( 2015 -- 16 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Stepmother </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Sharon Newman ( 2006 -- 07 ) </Li> <Li> Sage Warner ( 2015 -- 16 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Half - brothers </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Daniel Romalotti </Li> <Li> Noah Newman </Li> <Li> Christian Newman ( legal ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Half - sisters </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Cassie Newman ( adoptive ) </Li> <Li> Faith Newman </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Husband </Th> <Td> Austin Travers ( 2014 -- 15 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Grandfathers </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Victor Newman </Li> <Li> George Summers </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Grandmothers </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Nikki Newman </Li> <Li> Lydia Callahan </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Uncles </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Dylan McAvoy </Li> <Li> John Abbott III </Li> <Li> Adam Newman </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Aunts </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Victoria Newman </Li> <Li> Abby Newman </Li> <Li> Avery Bailey Clark </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Nieces </Th> <Td> Lucy Romalotti </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> First cousins </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Eve Howard </Li> <Li> Reed Hellstrom </Li> <Li> Johnny Abbott ( adoptive ) </Li> <Li> Connor Newman </Li> <Li> Katie Newman </Li> <Li> Christian Newman </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Summer Newman is a fictional character from the American CBS soap opera The Young and the Restless . Created by former head writers Lynn Marie Latham and Kay Alden , the role is currently portrayed by Hunter King . The character was born onscreen during the episode airing on December 19 , 2006 as the daughter of Phyllis Summers ( Gina Tognoni ) and Nicholas Newman ( Joshua Morrow ) , but for one year was believed to be the daughter of Jack Abbott ( Peter Bergman ) because of Sharon 's tampering with the paternity test results . </P> <P> The role was first portrayed by a series of child actors , including Samantha Bailey . In 2012 , the character was rapidly aged to a teenager , with actress Lindsay Bushman assuming the role . However , Bushman was let go months into her debut and replaced by King . Summer was later involved in a cyberbullying plot with Fenmore Baldwin ( Max Ehrich ) and Jamie Vernon ( Daniel Polo ) . Bailey has received critical acclaim for her portrayal , which has garnered her a Young Artist Award . King has also received critical acclaim for her portrayal , which has garnered nominations for a Young Artist Award and 2 Daytime Emmy Awards . King won her first Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Younger Actress in a Drama Series in 2014 for her role as Summer . </P> <H2> Contents </H2> <Ul> <Li> 1 Casting </Li> <Li> 2 Development <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Characterization </Li> <Li> 2.2 Teenage years and cyber bullying </Li> <Li> 2.3 Paternity </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Storylines </Li> <Li> 4 Reception </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 External links </Li> </Ul> <H2> Casting ( edit ) </H2> `` Jill me over there . I never auditioned for Y&R . Jill ( who had worked with Hunter on Hollywood Heights ) just called me . As I was coming off the plane from Florida with a friend , Jill called and said , `` Do you want to come work on Y&R and play Summer ? I was like , `` Yeah . '' She said , `` Okay . You start in two days . '' I came in and replaced the old Summer ( Lindsay Bushman ) in the middle of a huge storyline , where she had gotten into a car accident and hit Chelsea , her aunt , and killed her baby . I came in in the middle of that , as Summer was waking up in the hospital . It was very intimidating coming into such a huge storyline , but everybody was really helpful . I got into it very quickly . '' <P> -- Hunter King , speaking of her casting on The Young and the Restless . </P> <P> The role was initially portrayed by various sets of twins . They included Elara and Rhea Kerwin ( nieces of director James Kerwin ) from December 29 , 2006 to June 20 , 2008 , Bianca and Chiara D'Ambrosio from July 22 to November 12 , 2008 , and Sophia and Angelia Hert until 2009 . The character was then rapidly aged for the first time , with child actress Samantha Bailey assuming the role on June 9 , 2009 . Bailey made her final appearance on May 4 , 2012 . On May 11 , 2012 , it was announced the Lindsay Bushman had been cast in the role of the teenage Summer . Bushman made her first appearance on June 8 , 2012 on a recurring basis . Bushman had a small bit role on General Hospital as a young Kate Howard in a flashback . Bushman revealed that she got the audition thanks to her agent and booked the role after a few callbacks and chemistry reads . With the installation of new executive producer Jill Farren Phelps , rumors began to circulate th\n\nQuestion:\nwho is summer's father on young and restless\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Nicholas Newman" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 2430, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nwho is summer's father on young and restless\n\nDocument:\nSummer Newman - wikipedia <H1> Summer Newman </H1> <P> </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Summer Newman </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> Hunter King as Summer Newman </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> The Young and the Restless character </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Portrayed by </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Elara and Rhea Kerwin ( 2006 -- 08 ) </Li> <Li> Bianca and Chiara D'Ambrosio ( 2008 ) </Li> <Li> Sophia and Angelia Hert ( 2008 -- 09 ) </Li> <Li> Samantha Bailey ( 2009 -- 12 ) </Li> <Li> Lindsay Bushman ( 2012 ) </Li> <Li> Hunter King ( 2012 -- ) </Li> <Li> Bayley Corman ( 2018 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Duration </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 2006 -- 16 </Li> <Li> 2018 -- </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> First appearance </Th> <Td> December 19 , 2006 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Created by </Th> <Td> Lynn Marie Latham , Kay Alden and Scott Hamner </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Introduced by </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Lynn Marie Latham and Josh Griffith ( 2006 ) </Li> <Li> Maria Arena Bell ( 2012 ) </Li> <Li> Mal Young ( 2018 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Classification </Th> <Td> Present ; regular </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Profile </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Other names </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Brittni </Li> <Li> Summer Travers </Li> <Li> Summer Ann Newman </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Occupation </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Marketing employee </Li> <Li> Business Intern </Li> <Li> Student </Li> <Li> Camp Counselor </Li> <Li> Model </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Home </Th> <Td> Genoa City , Wisconsin </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> <Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> show Family </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Family </Th> <Td> Newman </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Father </Th> <Td> Nicholas Newman </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Mother </Th> <Td> Phyllis Summers </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Stepfather </Th> <Td> Jack Abbott ( 2015 -- 16 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Stepmother </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Sharon Newman ( 2006 -- 07 ) </Li> <Li> Sage Warner ( 2015 -- 16 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Half - brothers </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Daniel Romalotti </Li> <Li> Noah Newman </Li> <Li> Christian Newman ( legal ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Half - sisters </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Cassie Newman ( adoptive ) </Li> <Li> Faith Newman </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Husband </Th> <Td> Austin Travers ( 2014 -- 15 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Grandfathers </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Victor Newman </Li> <Li> George Summers </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Grandmothers </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Nikki Newman </Li> <Li> Lydia Callahan </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Uncles </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Dylan McAvoy </Li> <Li> John Abbott III </Li> <Li> Adam Newman </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Aunts </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Victoria Newman </Li> <Li> Abby Newman </Li> <Li> Avery Bailey Clark </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Nieces </Th> <Td> Lucy Romalotti </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> First cousins </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Eve Howard </Li> <Li> Reed Hellstrom </Li> <Li> Johnny Abbott ( adoptive ) </Li> <Li> Connor Newman </Li> <Li> Katie Newman </Li> <Li> Christian Newman </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Summer Newman is a fictional character from the American CBS soap opera The Young and the Restless . Created by former head writers Lynn Marie Latham and Kay Alden , the role is currently portrayed by Hunter King . The character was born onscreen during the episode airing on December 19 , 2006 as the daughter of Phyllis Summers ( Gina Tognoni ) and Nicholas Newman ( Joshua Morrow ) , but for one year was believed to be the daughter of Jack Abbott ( Peter Bergman ) because of Sharon 's tampering with the paternity test results . </P> <P> The role was first portrayed by a series of child actors , including Samantha Bailey . In 2012 , the character was rapidly aged to a teenager , with actress Lindsay Bushman assuming the role . However , Bushman was let go months into her debut and replaced by King . Summer was later involved in a cyberbullying plot with Fenmore Baldwin ( Max Ehrich ) and Jamie Vernon ( Daniel Polo ) . Bailey has received critical acclaim for her portrayal , which has garnered her a Young Artist Award . King has also received critical acclaim for her portrayal , which has garnered nominations for a Young Artist Award and 2 Daytime Emmy Awards . King won her first Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Younger Actress in a Drama Series in 2014 for her role as Summer . </P> <H2> Contents </H2> <Ul> <Li> 1 Casting </Li> <Li> 2 Development <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Characterization </Li> <Li> 2.2 Teenage years and cyber bullying </Li> <Li> 2.3 Paternity </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Storylines </Li> <Li> 4 Reception </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 External links </Li> </Ul> <H2> Casting ( edit ) </H2> `` Jill me over there . I never auditioned for Y&R . Jill ( who had worked with Hunter on Hollywood Heights ) just called me . As I was coming off the plane from Florida with a friend , Jill called and said , `` Do you want to come work on Y&R and play Summer ? I was like , `` Yeah . '' She said , `` Okay . You start in two days . '' I came in and replaced the old Summer ( Lindsay Bushman ) in the middle of a huge storyline , where she had gotten into a car accident and hit Chelsea , her aunt , and killed her baby . I came in in the middle of that , as Summer was waking up in the hospital . It was very intimidating coming into such a huge storyline , but everybody was really helpful . I got into it very quickly . '' <P> -- Hunter King , speaking of her casting on The Young and the Restless . </P> <P> The role was initially portrayed by various sets of twins . They included Elara and Rhea Kerwin ( nieces of director James Kerwin ) from December 29 , 2006 to June 20 , 2008 , Bianca and Chiara D'Ambrosio from July 22 to November 12 , 2008 , and Sophia and Angelia Hert until 2009 . The character was then rapidly aged for the first time , with child actress Samantha Bailey assuming the role on June 9 , 2009 . Bailey made her final appearance on May 4 , 2012 . On May 11 , 2012 , it was announced the Lindsay Bushman had been cast in the role of the teenage Summer . Bushman made her first appearance on June 8 , 2012 on a recurring basis . Bushman had a small bit role on General Hospital as a young Kate Howard in a flashback . Bushman revealed that she got the audition thanks to her agent and booked the role after a few callbacks and chemistry reads . With the installation of new executive producer Jill Farren Phelps , rumors began to circulate th\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Nicholas Newman" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 2215, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\nTr> <Th> Scotland </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 2007 </Td> <Td> 2007 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> United Arab Emirates </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 100.00 </Td> <Td> 2016 </Td> <Td> 2016 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Total </Th> <Td> 88 </Td> <Td> 52 </Td> <Td> 33 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 61.04 </Td> <Td> 2006 </Td> <Td> 2017 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"10\"> Statistics are correct as of India v New Zealand at Greenfield International Stadium , Thiruvanathapuram , 7 November 2017 . <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Team scoring records ( edit ) </H3> Highest innings totals ( edit ) <Table> <Tr> <Th> Score </Th> <Th> Opposition </Th> <Th> Venue </Th> <Th> Highest Run Scorer </Th> <Th> Date </Th> <Th> Scorecard </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 244 - 4 ( 20.0 overs ) </Th> <Td> West Indies </Td> <Td> Lauderhill </Td> <Td> Lokesh Rahul ( 110 * from 51 ) </Td> <Td> 27 August 2016 </Td> <Td> Scorecard </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 218 -- 4 ( 20.0 overs ) </Th> <Td> England </Td> <Td> Durban </Td> <Td> Virender Sehwag ( 68 from 52 ) </Td> <Td> 19 September 2007 </Td> <Td> Scorecard </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 211 -- 4 ( 19.1 overs ) </Th> <Td> Sri Lanka </Td> <Td> Mohali </Td> <Td> Virender Sehwag ( 64 from 36 ) </Td> <Td> 12 December 2009 </Td> <Td> Scorecard </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 202 -- 4 ( 19.4 overs ) </Th> <Td> Australia </Td> <Td> Rajkot </Td> <Td> Yuvraj Singh ( 77 * from 35 ) </Td> <Td> 10 October 2013 </Td> <Td> Scorecard </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 202 -- 3 ( 20.0 overs ) </Th> <Td> New Zealand </Td> <Td> Delhi </Td> <Td> Shikhar Dhawan ( 80 from 52 ) </Td> <Td> 1 November 2017 </Td> <Td> ( 1 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"6\"> Source : Cricinfo . Last updated : 07 October 2017 . </Td> </Tr> </Table> Highest match aggregate ( edit ) <Table> <Tr> <Th> Score </Th> <Th> Teams </Th> <Th> Venue </Th> <Th> Date </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 10 / 489 ( 40 overs ) </Td> <Td> India ( 4 / 244 ) v West Indies ( 6 / 245 ) </Td> <Td> Lauderhill , Florida </Td> <Td> 27 August 2016 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 10 / 418 ( 40 overs ) </Td> <Td> England ( 6 / 200 ) v India ( 4 / 218 ) </Td> <Td> Durban </Td> <Td> 19 September 2007 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 11 / 417 ( 39.1 overs ) </Td> <Td> India ( 4 / 211 ) v Sri Lanka ( 7 / 206 ) </Td> <Td> Mohali </Td> <Td> 12 December 2009 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 11 / 403 ( 39.4 overs ) </Td> <Td> India ( 4 / 202 ) v Australia ( 7 / 201 ) </Td> <Td> Rajkot </Td> <Td> 10 October 2013 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 14 / 401 ( 40 overs ) </Td> <Td> India ( 9 / 186 ) v Sri Lanka ( 5 / 215 ) </Td> <Td> Nagpur </Td> <Td> 9 December 2009 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"4\"> Source : Cricinfo . Last updated : 26 January 2017 </Td> </Tr> </Table> Lowest innings totals ( edit ) <Table> <Tr> <Th> Score </Th> <Th> Opposition </Th> <Th> Venue </Th> <Th> Date </Th> <Th> Scorecard </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 74 ( 17.3 overs ) </Th> <Td> Australia </Td> <Td> Melbourne </Td> <Td> 01 February 2008 </Td> <Td> Scorecard </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 79 ( 18.1 overs ) </Th> <Td> New Zealand </Td> <Td> Nagpur </Td> <Td> 15 March 2016 </Td> <Td> Scorecard </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 92 ( 17.2 overs ) </Th> <Td> South Africa </Td> <Td> Cuttack </Td> <Td> 05 October 2015 </Td> <Td> Scorecard </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 101 ( 18.5 overs ) </Th> <Td> Sri Lanka </Td> <Td> Pune </Td> <Td> 09 February 2016 </Td> <Td> Scorecard </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 118 / 8 ( 20 overs ) </Th> <Td> South Africa </Td> <Td> Nottingham </Td> <Td> 16 June 2009 </Td> <Td> Scorecard </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 118 ( 20.0 overs ) </Th> <Td> Australia </Td> <Td> Guwahati </Td> <Td> 10 October 2017 </Td> <Td> Scorecard </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"5\"> Source : Cricinfo . Last updated : 10 October 2017 . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Individual records ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Individual records ( batting ) ( edit ) </H3> Most career runs ( edit ) <Table> <Tr> <Th> Runs </Th> <Th> Batsman </Th> <Th> Matches <\n\nQuestion:\nwhich country that india never beaten in t20\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Scotland" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 2215, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nwhich country that india never beaten in t20\n\nDocument:\nTr> <Th> Scotland </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 2007 </Td> <Td> 2007 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> United Arab Emirates </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 100.00 </Td> <Td> 2016 </Td> <Td> 2016 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Total </Th> <Td> 88 </Td> <Td> 52 </Td> <Td> 33 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 61.04 </Td> <Td> 2006 </Td> <Td> 2017 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"10\"> Statistics are correct as of India v New Zealand at Greenfield International Stadium , Thiruvanathapuram , 7 November 2017 . <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Team scoring records ( edit ) </H3> Highest innings totals ( edit ) <Table> <Tr> <Th> Score </Th> <Th> Opposition </Th> <Th> Venue </Th> <Th> Highest Run Scorer </Th> <Th> Date </Th> <Th> Scorecard </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 244 - 4 ( 20.0 overs ) </Th> <Td> West Indies </Td> <Td> Lauderhill </Td> <Td> Lokesh Rahul ( 110 * from 51 ) </Td> <Td> 27 August 2016 </Td> <Td> Scorecard </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 218 -- 4 ( 20.0 overs ) </Th> <Td> England </Td> <Td> Durban </Td> <Td> Virender Sehwag ( 68 from 52 ) </Td> <Td> 19 September 2007 </Td> <Td> Scorecard </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 211 -- 4 ( 19.1 overs ) </Th> <Td> Sri Lanka </Td> <Td> Mohali </Td> <Td> Virender Sehwag ( 64 from 36 ) </Td> <Td> 12 December 2009 </Td> <Td> Scorecard </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 202 -- 4 ( 19.4 overs ) </Th> <Td> Australia </Td> <Td> Rajkot </Td> <Td> Yuvraj Singh ( 77 * from 35 ) </Td> <Td> 10 October 2013 </Td> <Td> Scorecard </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 202 -- 3 ( 20.0 overs ) </Th> <Td> New Zealand </Td> <Td> Delhi </Td> <Td> Shikhar Dhawan ( 80 from 52 ) </Td> <Td> 1 November 2017 </Td> <Td> ( 1 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"6\"> Source : Cricinfo . Last updated : 07 October 2017 . </Td> </Tr> </Table> Highest match aggregate ( edit ) <Table> <Tr> <Th> Score </Th> <Th> Teams </Th> <Th> Venue </Th> <Th> Date </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 10 / 489 ( 40 overs ) </Td> <Td> India ( 4 / 244 ) v West Indies ( 6 / 245 ) </Td> <Td> Lauderhill , Florida </Td> <Td> 27 August 2016 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 10 / 418 ( 40 overs ) </Td> <Td> England ( 6 / 200 ) v India ( 4 / 218 ) </Td> <Td> Durban </Td> <Td> 19 September 2007 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 11 / 417 ( 39.1 overs ) </Td> <Td> India ( 4 / 211 ) v Sri Lanka ( 7 / 206 ) </Td> <Td> Mohali </Td> <Td> 12 December 2009 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 11 / 403 ( 39.4 overs ) </Td> <Td> India ( 4 / 202 ) v Australia ( 7 / 201 ) </Td> <Td> Rajkot </Td> <Td> 10 October 2013 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 14 / 401 ( 40 overs ) </Td> <Td> India ( 9 / 186 ) v Sri Lanka ( 5 / 215 ) </Td> <Td> Nagpur </Td> <Td> 9 December 2009 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"4\"> Source : Cricinfo . Last updated : 26 January 2017 </Td> </Tr> </Table> Lowest innings totals ( edit ) <Table> <Tr> <Th> Score </Th> <Th> Opposition </Th> <Th> Venue </Th> <Th> Date </Th> <Th> Scorecard </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 74 ( 17.3 overs ) </Th> <Td> Australia </Td> <Td> Melbourne </Td> <Td> 01 February 2008 </Td> <Td> Scorecard </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 79 ( 18.1 overs ) </Th> <Td> New Zealand </Td> <Td> Nagpur </Td> <Td> 15 March 2016 </Td> <Td> Scorecard </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 92 ( 17.2 overs ) </Th> <Td> South Africa </Td> <Td> Cuttack </Td> <Td> 05 October 2015 </Td> <Td> Scorecard </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 101 ( 18.5 overs ) </Th> <Td> Sri Lanka </Td> <Td> Pune </Td> <Td> 09 February 2016 </Td> <Td> Scorecard </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 118 / 8 ( 20 overs ) </Th> <Td> South Africa </Td> <Td> Nottingham </Td> <Td> 16 June 2009 </Td> <Td> Scorecard </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 118 ( 20.0 overs ) </Th> <Td> Australia </Td> <Td> Guwahati </Td> <Td> 10 October 2017 </Td> <Td> Scorecard </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"5\"> Source : Cricinfo . Last updated : 10 October 2017 . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Individual records ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Individual records ( batting ) ( edit ) </H3> Most career runs ( edit ) <Table> <Tr> <Th> Runs </Th> <Th> Batsman </Th> <Th> Matches <\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Scotland" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 2396, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\n change ) are shown in bold . </P> <H2> Team records ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Team wins , losses , and ties ( edit ) </H3> Matches played ( total ) ( edit ) <Table> <Tr> <Th> Team </Th> <Th> Matches </Th> <Th> Won </Th> <Th> Lost </Th> <Th> Tie + W </Th> <Th> Tie + L </Th> <Th> No Result </Th> <Th> % Won </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> India </Th> <Td> 88 </Td> <Td> 52 </Td> <Td> 33 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 61.04 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"8\"> Note : Tie + W and Tie + L indicates matches tied and then won or lost in a tiebreaker such as a bowlout or one - over-eliminator ( `` Super Over '' ) <P> The result percentage excludes no results and counts ties ( irrespective of a tiebreaker ) as half a win . Source : Cricinfo . Last updated : 07 November 2017 . </P> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Matches played ( by country ) ( edit ) <Table> <Tr> <Th> Opponent </Th> <Th> Matches </Th> <Th> Won </Th> <Th> Lost </Th> <Th> Tie + Win </Th> <Th> Tie + Loss </Th> <Th> No Result </Th> <Th> % Won </Th> <Th> First </Th> <Th> Last </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"10\"> ICC Full Members </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Afghanistan </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 100.00 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 2012 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Australia </Th> <Td> 15 </Td> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 66.66 </Td> <Td> 2007 </Td> <Td> 2017 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Bangladesh </Th> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 100.00 </Td> <Td> 2009 </Td> <Td> 2016 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> England </Th> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 45.45 </Td> <Td> 2007 </Td> <Td> 2017 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Ireland </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 100.00 </Td> <Td> 2009 </Td> <Td> 2009 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> New Zealand </Th> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 25.00 </Td> <Td> 2007 </Td> <Td> 2017 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Pakistan </Th> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 81.25 </Td> <Td> 2007 </Td> <Td> 2016 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> South Africa </Th> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 60.00 </Td> <Td> 2006 </Td> <Td> 2015 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Sri Lanka </Th> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 63.63 </Td> <Td> 2009 </Td> <Td> 2017 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> West Indies </Th> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 28.57 </Td> <Td> 2009 </Td> <Td> 2017 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Zimbabwe </Th> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 71.42 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 2016 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"10\"> ICC Associate members </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Scotland </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 2007 </Td> <Td> 2007 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> United Arab Emirates </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 100.00 </Td> <Td> 2016 </Td> <Td> 2016 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Total </Th> <Td> 88 </Td> <Td> 52 </Td> <Td> 33 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 61.04 </Td> <Td> 2006 </Td> <Td> 2017 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"10\"> Statistics are correct as of India v New Zealand at Greenfield International Stadium , Thiruvanathapuram , 7 November 2017 . <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Team scoring records ( edit ) </H3> Highest innings totals ( edit ) <Table> <Tr> <Th> Score </Th> <Th> Opposition </Th> <Th> Venue </Th> <Th> Highest Run Scorer </Th> <Th> Date </Th> <Th> Scorecard </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 244 - 4 ( 20.0 overs ) </Th> <Td> West Indies </Td> <Td> Lauderhill </Td> <Td> Lokesh Rahul ( 110 * from 51 ) </Td> <Td> 27 August 2016 </Td> <Td> Scorecard </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 218 -- 4 ( 20.0 overs ) </Th> <Td> England <\n\nQuestion:\nwhich country that india never beaten in t20\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Scotland" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 2396, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nwhich country that india never beaten in t20\n\nDocument:\n change ) are shown in bold . </P> <H2> Team records ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Team wins , losses , and ties ( edit ) </H3> Matches played ( total ) ( edit ) <Table> <Tr> <Th> Team </Th> <Th> Matches </Th> <Th> Won </Th> <Th> Lost </Th> <Th> Tie + W </Th> <Th> Tie + L </Th> <Th> No Result </Th> <Th> % Won </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> India </Th> <Td> 88 </Td> <Td> 52 </Td> <Td> 33 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 61.04 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"8\"> Note : Tie + W and Tie + L indicates matches tied and then won or lost in a tiebreaker such as a bowlout or one - over-eliminator ( `` Super Over '' ) <P> The result percentage excludes no results and counts ties ( irrespective of a tiebreaker ) as half a win . Source : Cricinfo . Last updated : 07 November 2017 . </P> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Matches played ( by country ) ( edit ) <Table> <Tr> <Th> Opponent </Th> <Th> Matches </Th> <Th> Won </Th> <Th> Lost </Th> <Th> Tie + Win </Th> <Th> Tie + Loss </Th> <Th> No Result </Th> <Th> % Won </Th> <Th> First </Th> <Th> Last </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"10\"> ICC Full Members </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Afghanistan </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 100.00 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 2012 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Australia </Th> <Td> 15 </Td> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 66.66 </Td> <Td> 2007 </Td> <Td> 2017 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Bangladesh </Th> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 100.00 </Td> <Td> 2009 </Td> <Td> 2016 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> England </Th> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 45.45 </Td> <Td> 2007 </Td> <Td> 2017 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Ireland </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 100.00 </Td> <Td> 2009 </Td> <Td> 2009 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> New Zealand </Th> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 25.00 </Td> <Td> 2007 </Td> <Td> 2017 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Pakistan </Th> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 81.25 </Td> <Td> 2007 </Td> <Td> 2016 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> South Africa </Th> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 60.00 </Td> <Td> 2006 </Td> <Td> 2015 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Sri Lanka </Th> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 63.63 </Td> <Td> 2009 </Td> <Td> 2017 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> West Indies </Th> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 28.57 </Td> <Td> 2009 </Td> <Td> 2017 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Zimbabwe </Th> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 71.42 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 2016 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"10\"> ICC Associate members </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Scotland </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 2007 </Td> <Td> 2007 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> United Arab Emirates </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 100.00 </Td> <Td> 2016 </Td> <Td> 2016 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Total </Th> <Td> 88 </Td> <Td> 52 </Td> <Td> 33 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 61.04 </Td> <Td> 2006 </Td> <Td> 2017 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"10\"> Statistics are correct as of India v New Zealand at Greenfield International Stadium , Thiruvanathapuram , 7 November 2017 . <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Team scoring records ( edit ) </H3> Highest innings totals ( edit ) <Table> <Tr> <Th> Score </Th> <Th> Opposition </Th> <Th> Venue </Th> <Th> Highest Run Scorer </Th> <Th> Date </Th> <Th> Scorecard </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 244 - 4 ( 20.0 overs ) </Th> <Td> West Indies </Td> <Td> Lauderhill </Td> <Td> Lokesh Rahul ( 110 * from 51 ) </Td> <Td> 27 August 2016 </Td> <Td> Scorecard </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 218 -- 4 ( 20.0 overs ) </Th> <Td> England <\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Scotland" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 2248, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\nd the innings was closed , either due to a successful run chase or if no overs remained ( or are able ) to be bowled . </P> <Ul> <Li> ( 300 ) indicates that a team scored 300 runs and was all out , either by losing all ten wickets or by having one or more ( ( batsman </Li> </Ul> <P> ( cricket ) batsmen ) ) unable to bat and losing the remaining wickets . </P> <P> Batting Notation </P> <Ul> <Li> ( 100 ) indicates that a batsman scored 100 runs and was ( ( dismissal </Li> </Ul> <P> ( cricket ) out ) ) . </P> <Ul> <Li> ( 100 * ) indicates that a batsman scored 100 runs and was not out . </Li> </Ul> <P> Bowling Notation </P> <Ul> <Li> ( 5 -- 25 ) indicates that a bowler has captured 5 wickets while giving </Li> </Ul> <P> away 25 runs . </P> <P> Currently playing </P> <Ul> <Li> Record holders who are currently playing ODIs ( i.e. their record </Li> </Ul> <P> details listed could change ) are shown in bold . </P> <H2> Team records ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Team wins , losses , and ties ( edit ) </H3> Matches played ( total ) ( edit ) <Table> <Tr> <Th> Team </Th> <Th> Matches </Th> <Th> Won </Th> <Th> Lost </Th> <Th> Tie + W </Th> <Th> Tie + L </Th> <Th> No Result </Th> <Th> % Won </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> India </Th> <Td> 88 </Td> <Td> 52 </Td> <Td> 33 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 61.04 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"8\"> Note : Tie + W and Tie + L indicates matches tied and then won or lost in a tiebreaker such as a bowlout or one - over-eliminator ( `` Super Over '' ) <P> The result percentage excludes no results and counts ties ( irrespective of a tiebreaker ) as half a win . Source : Cricinfo . Last updated : 07 November 2017 . </P> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Matches played ( by country ) ( edit ) <Table> <Tr> <Th> Opponent </Th> <Th> Matches </Th> <Th> Won </Th> <Th> Lost </Th> <Th> Tie + Win </Th> <Th> Tie + Loss </Th> <Th> No Result </Th> <Th> % Won </Th> <Th> First </Th> <Th> Last </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"10\"> ICC Full Members </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Afghanistan </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 100.00 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 2012 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Australia </Th> <Td> 15 </Td> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 66.66 </Td> <Td> 2007 </Td> <Td> 2017 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Bangladesh </Th> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 100.00 </Td> <Td> 2009 </Td> <Td> 2016 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> England </Th> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 45.45 </Td> <Td> 2007 </Td> <Td> 2017 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Ireland </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 100.00 </Td> <Td> 2009 </Td> <Td> 2009 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> New Zealand </Th> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 25.00 </Td> <Td> 2007 </Td> <Td> 2017 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Pakistan </Th> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 81.25 </Td> <Td> 2007 </Td> <Td> 2016 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> South Africa </Th> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 60.00 </Td> <Td> 2006 </Td> <Td> 2015 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Sri Lanka </Th> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 63.63 </Td> <Td> 2009 </Td> <Td> 2017 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> West Indies </Th> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 28.57 </Td> <Td> 2009 </Td> <Td> 2017 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Zimbabwe </Th> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 71.42 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 2016 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"10\"> ICC Associate members </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Scotland </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 2007 </Td> <Td> 2007 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> United Arab Emirates </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td\n\nQuestion:\nwhich country that india never beaten in t20\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Scotland" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 2248, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nwhich country that india never beaten in t20\n\nDocument:\nd the innings was closed , either due to a successful run chase or if no overs remained ( or are able ) to be bowled . </P> <Ul> <Li> ( 300 ) indicates that a team scored 300 runs and was all out , either by losing all ten wickets or by having one or more ( ( batsman </Li> </Ul> <P> ( cricket ) batsmen ) ) unable to bat and losing the remaining wickets . </P> <P> Batting Notation </P> <Ul> <Li> ( 100 ) indicates that a batsman scored 100 runs and was ( ( dismissal </Li> </Ul> <P> ( cricket ) out ) ) . </P> <Ul> <Li> ( 100 * ) indicates that a batsman scored 100 runs and was not out . </Li> </Ul> <P> Bowling Notation </P> <Ul> <Li> ( 5 -- 25 ) indicates that a bowler has captured 5 wickets while giving </Li> </Ul> <P> away 25 runs . </P> <P> Currently playing </P> <Ul> <Li> Record holders who are currently playing ODIs ( i.e. their record </Li> </Ul> <P> details listed could change ) are shown in bold . </P> <H2> Team records ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Team wins , losses , and ties ( edit ) </H3> Matches played ( total ) ( edit ) <Table> <Tr> <Th> Team </Th> <Th> Matches </Th> <Th> Won </Th> <Th> Lost </Th> <Th> Tie + W </Th> <Th> Tie + L </Th> <Th> No Result </Th> <Th> % Won </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> India </Th> <Td> 88 </Td> <Td> 52 </Td> <Td> 33 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 61.04 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"8\"> Note : Tie + W and Tie + L indicates matches tied and then won or lost in a tiebreaker such as a bowlout or one - over-eliminator ( `` Super Over '' ) <P> The result percentage excludes no results and counts ties ( irrespective of a tiebreaker ) as half a win . Source : Cricinfo . Last updated : 07 November 2017 . </P> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Matches played ( by country ) ( edit ) <Table> <Tr> <Th> Opponent </Th> <Th> Matches </Th> <Th> Won </Th> <Th> Lost </Th> <Th> Tie + Win </Th> <Th> Tie + Loss </Th> <Th> No Result </Th> <Th> % Won </Th> <Th> First </Th> <Th> Last </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"10\"> ICC Full Members </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Afghanistan </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 100.00 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 2012 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Australia </Th> <Td> 15 </Td> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 66.66 </Td> <Td> 2007 </Td> <Td> 2017 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Bangladesh </Th> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 100.00 </Td> <Td> 2009 </Td> <Td> 2016 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> England </Th> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 45.45 </Td> <Td> 2007 </Td> <Td> 2017 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Ireland </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 100.00 </Td> <Td> 2009 </Td> <Td> 2009 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> New Zealand </Th> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 25.00 </Td> <Td> 2007 </Td> <Td> 2017 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Pakistan </Th> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 81.25 </Td> <Td> 2007 </Td> <Td> 2016 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> South Africa </Th> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 60.00 </Td> <Td> 2006 </Td> <Td> 2015 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Sri Lanka </Th> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 63.63 </Td> <Td> 2009 </Td> <Td> 2017 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> West Indies </Th> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 28.57 </Td> <Td> 2009 </Td> <Td> 2017 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Zimbabwe </Th> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 71.42 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 2016 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"10\"> ICC Associate members </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Scotland </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 2007 </Td> <Td> 2007 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> United Arab Emirates </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Scotland" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1836, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\n<Td> 7001800000000000000 ♠ 80 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2016 -- 17 </Td> <Td> Argentina </Td> <Th> Lionel Messi ( 4 ) </Th> <Td> Barcelona ( 6 ) </Td> <Td> La Liga </Td> <Td> 7001370000000000000 ♠ 37 </Td> <Td> 7001740000000000000 ♠ 74 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2017 -- 18 </Td> <Td> Argentina </Td> <Th> Lionel Messi ( 5 ) </Th> <Th> Barcelona ^ ( 7 ) </Th> <Td> La Liga </Td> <Td> 7001340000000000000 ♠ 34 </Td> <Td> 7001680000000000000 ♠ 68 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Dl> <Dt> Notes </Dt> </Dl> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Original 1986 -- 87 season winner Rodion Cămătaru ( with 44 goals ) was disqualified later and the trophy was awarded to Polster in 1990 . However , Camataru was allowed to keep his copy of the trophy . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Darko Pančev got his prize for 1990 -- 91 season later , only in 2006 , following a protest from Cyprus where a player supposedly scored 40 goals ( though the official topscorers for the season , Suad Beširević and Panayiotis Xiourouppas , are listed with 19 goals each ) . Due to this affair , France Football decided to make the competition unofficial . </Li> </Ol> <H2> Top 10 results by year ( edit ) </H2> <H3> 2017 -- 18 European Golden Shoe result ( edit ) </H3> <Dl> <Dd> As of 20 May 2018 </Dd> </Dl> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Rank </Th> <Th> Player </Th> <Th> League </Th> <Th> Club </Th> <Th> Goals </Th> <Th> Points </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Lionel Messi </Td> <Td> La Liga </Td> <Td> Barcelona </Td> <Td> 34 </Td> <Td> 68 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Mohamed Salah </Td> <Td> Premier League </Td> <Td> Liverpool </Td> <Td> 32 </Td> <Td> 64 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Harry Kane </Td> <Td> Premier League </Td> <Td> Tottenham Hotspur </Td> <Td> 30 </Td> <Td> 60 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Ciro Immobile </Td> <Td> Serie A </Td> <Td> Lazio </Td> <Td> 29 </Td> <Td> 58 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Mauro Icardi </Td> <Td> Serie A </Td> <Td> Internazionale </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Robert Lewandowski </Td> <Td> Bundesliga </Td> <Td> Bayern Munich </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> Edinson Cavani </Td> <Td> Ligue 1 </Td> <Td> Paris Saint - Germain </Td> <Td> 28 </Td> <Td> 56 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> Cristiano Ronaldo </Td> <Td> La Liga </Td> <Td> Real Madrid </Td> <Td> 26 </Td> <Td> 52 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> Jonas </Td> <Td> Primeira Liga </Td> <Td> Benfica </Td> <Td> 34 </Td> <Td> 51 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> Luis Suárez </Td> <Td> La Liga </Td> <Td> Barcelona </Td> <Td> 25 </Td> <Td> 50 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Statistics ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Multiple winners ( edit ) </H3> <P> Lionel Messi is the only player to win the award five times , all with Barcelona . Messi holds the all - time record for goals in a single season with 50 in 2011 -- 12 ; it also accumulated to a record 100 points . Messi was also the youngest player to win the award for a 2nd , 3rd , 4th , and 5th time . Bayern Munich 's Gerd Müller was the first player to win the award twice , in 1969 -- 70 and 1971 -- 72 . Messi was the first player to win the award three times , Cristiano Ronaldo was the first player to win the award four times , and Messi again was the first , and so far only , player to win it five times . Only Ally McCoist ( 1991 -- 92 , 1992 -- 93 ) , Thierry Henry ( 2003 -- 04 , 2004 -- 05 ) , Lionel Messi ( 2011 -- 12 , 2012 -- 13 and 2016 -- 17 , 2017 -- 18 ) , and Cristiano Ronaldo ( 2013 -- 14 , 2014 -- 15 ) have won the award in consecutive years . Diego Forlán ( Villarreal , Atlético Madrid ) , Luis Suárez ( Liverpool , Barcelona ) , Mário Jardel ( Porto , Sporting CP ) and Cristiano Ronaldo ( Manchester United , Real Madrid ) are the only players to have won the award with two clubs . </P> <Table> Multiple European Golden Shoe winners <Tr> <Th> Player </Th> <Th> Birthdate </Th> <Th> No . </Th> <Th> Seasons </Th> <Th> Age making record </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Lionel Messi </Th> <Td> 24 June 1987 </Td> <Td> 70\n\nQuestion:\nwho has won the golden boot in 2018\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Lionel Messi" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1836, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nwho has won the golden boot in 2018\n\nDocument:\n<Td> 7001800000000000000 ♠ 80 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2016 -- 17 </Td> <Td> Argentina </Td> <Th> Lionel Messi ( 4 ) </Th> <Td> Barcelona ( 6 ) </Td> <Td> La Liga </Td> <Td> 7001370000000000000 ♠ 37 </Td> <Td> 7001740000000000000 ♠ 74 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2017 -- 18 </Td> <Td> Argentina </Td> <Th> Lionel Messi ( 5 ) </Th> <Th> Barcelona ^ ( 7 ) </Th> <Td> La Liga </Td> <Td> 7001340000000000000 ♠ 34 </Td> <Td> 7001680000000000000 ♠ 68 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Dl> <Dt> Notes </Dt> </Dl> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Original 1986 -- 87 season winner Rodion Cămătaru ( with 44 goals ) was disqualified later and the trophy was awarded to Polster in 1990 . However , Camataru was allowed to keep his copy of the trophy . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Darko Pančev got his prize for 1990 -- 91 season later , only in 2006 , following a protest from Cyprus where a player supposedly scored 40 goals ( though the official topscorers for the season , Suad Beširević and Panayiotis Xiourouppas , are listed with 19 goals each ) . Due to this affair , France Football decided to make the competition unofficial . </Li> </Ol> <H2> Top 10 results by year ( edit ) </H2> <H3> 2017 -- 18 European Golden Shoe result ( edit ) </H3> <Dl> <Dd> As of 20 May 2018 </Dd> </Dl> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Rank </Th> <Th> Player </Th> <Th> League </Th> <Th> Club </Th> <Th> Goals </Th> <Th> Points </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Lionel Messi </Td> <Td> La Liga </Td> <Td> Barcelona </Td> <Td> 34 </Td> <Td> 68 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Mohamed Salah </Td> <Td> Premier League </Td> <Td> Liverpool </Td> <Td> 32 </Td> <Td> 64 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Harry Kane </Td> <Td> Premier League </Td> <Td> Tottenham Hotspur </Td> <Td> 30 </Td> <Td> 60 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Ciro Immobile </Td> <Td> Serie A </Td> <Td> Lazio </Td> <Td> 29 </Td> <Td> 58 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Mauro Icardi </Td> <Td> Serie A </Td> <Td> Internazionale </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Robert Lewandowski </Td> <Td> Bundesliga </Td> <Td> Bayern Munich </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> Edinson Cavani </Td> <Td> Ligue 1 </Td> <Td> Paris Saint - Germain </Td> <Td> 28 </Td> <Td> 56 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> Cristiano Ronaldo </Td> <Td> La Liga </Td> <Td> Real Madrid </Td> <Td> 26 </Td> <Td> 52 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> Jonas </Td> <Td> Primeira Liga </Td> <Td> Benfica </Td> <Td> 34 </Td> <Td> 51 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> Luis Suárez </Td> <Td> La Liga </Td> <Td> Barcelona </Td> <Td> 25 </Td> <Td> 50 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Statistics ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Multiple winners ( edit ) </H3> <P> Lionel Messi is the only player to win the award five times , all with Barcelona . Messi holds the all - time record for goals in a single season with 50 in 2011 -- 12 ; it also accumulated to a record 100 points . Messi was also the youngest player to win the award for a 2nd , 3rd , 4th , and 5th time . Bayern Munich 's Gerd Müller was the first player to win the award twice , in 1969 -- 70 and 1971 -- 72 . Messi was the first player to win the award three times , Cristiano Ronaldo was the first player to win the award four times , and Messi again was the first , and so far only , player to win it five times . Only Ally McCoist ( 1991 -- 92 , 1992 -- 93 ) , Thierry Henry ( 2003 -- 04 , 2004 -- 05 ) , Lionel Messi ( 2011 -- 12 , 2012 -- 13 and 2016 -- 17 , 2017 -- 18 ) , and Cristiano Ronaldo ( 2013 -- 14 , 2014 -- 15 ) have won the award in consecutive years . Diego Forlán ( Villarreal , Atlético Madrid ) , Luis Suárez ( Liverpool , Barcelona ) , Mário Jardel ( Porto , Sporting CP ) and Cristiano Ronaldo ( Manchester United , Real Madrid ) are the only players to have won the award with two clubs . </P> <Table> Multiple European Golden Shoe winners <Tr> <Th> Player </Th> <Th> Birthdate </Th> <Th> No . </Th> <Th> Seasons </Th> <Th> Age making record </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Lionel Messi </Th> <Td> 24 June 1987 </Td> <Td> 70\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Lionel Messi" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1845, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\nTh> <Td> La Liga </Td> <Td> 7001400000000000000 ♠ 40 </Td> <Td> 7001800000000000000 ♠ 80 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2016 -- 17 </Td> <Td> Argentina </Td> <Th> Lionel Messi ( 4 ) </Th> <Td> Barcelona ( 6 ) </Td> <Td> La Liga </Td> <Td> 7001370000000000000 ♠ 37 </Td> <Td> 7001740000000000000 ♠ 74 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2017 -- 18 </Td> <Td> Argentina </Td> <Th> Lionel Messi ( 5 ) </Th> <Th> Barcelona ^ ( 7 ) </Th> <Td> La Liga </Td> <Td> 7001340000000000000 ♠ 34 </Td> <Td> 7001680000000000000 ♠ 68 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Dl> <Dt> Notes </Dt> </Dl> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Original 1986 -- 87 season winner Rodion Cămătaru ( with 44 goals ) was disqualified later and the trophy was awarded to Polster in 1990 . However , Camataru was allowed to keep his copy of the trophy . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Darko Pančev got his prize for 1990 -- 91 season later , only in 2006 , following a protest from Cyprus where a player supposedly scored 40 goals ( though the official topscorers for the season , Suad Beširević and Panayiotis Xiourouppas , are listed with 19 goals each ) . Due to this affair , France Football decided to make the competition unofficial . </Li> </Ol> <H2> Top 10 results by year ( edit ) </H2> <H3> 2017 -- 18 European Golden Shoe result ( edit ) </H3> <Dl> <Dd> As of 20 May 2018 </Dd> </Dl> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Rank </Th> <Th> Player </Th> <Th> League </Th> <Th> Club </Th> <Th> Goals </Th> <Th> Points </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Lionel Messi </Td> <Td> La Liga </Td> <Td> Barcelona </Td> <Td> 34 </Td> <Td> 68 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Mohamed Salah </Td> <Td> Premier League </Td> <Td> Liverpool </Td> <Td> 32 </Td> <Td> 64 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Harry Kane </Td> <Td> Premier League </Td> <Td> Tottenham Hotspur </Td> <Td> 30 </Td> <Td> 60 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Ciro Immobile </Td> <Td> Serie A </Td> <Td> Lazio </Td> <Td> 29 </Td> <Td> 58 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Mauro Icardi </Td> <Td> Serie A </Td> <Td> Internazionale </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Robert Lewandowski </Td> <Td> Bundesliga </Td> <Td> Bayern Munich </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> Edinson Cavani </Td> <Td> Ligue 1 </Td> <Td> Paris Saint - Germain </Td> <Td> 28 </Td> <Td> 56 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> Cristiano Ronaldo </Td> <Td> La Liga </Td> <Td> Real Madrid </Td> <Td> 26 </Td> <Td> 52 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> Jonas </Td> <Td> Primeira Liga </Td> <Td> Benfica </Td> <Td> 34 </Td> <Td> 51 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> Luis Suárez </Td> <Td> La Liga </Td> <Td> Barcelona </Td> <Td> 25 </Td> <Td> 50 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Statistics ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Multiple winners ( edit ) </H3> <P> Lionel Messi is the only player to win the award five times , all with Barcelona . Messi holds the all - time record for goals in a single season with 50 in 2011 -- 12 ; it also accumulated to a record 100 points . Messi was also the youngest player to win the award for a 2nd , 3rd , 4th , and 5th time . Bayern Munich 's Gerd Müller was the first player to win the award twice , in 1969 -- 70 and 1971 -- 72 . Messi was the first player to win the award three times , Cristiano Ronaldo was the first player to win the award four times , and Messi again was the first , and so far only , player to win it five times . Only Ally McCoist ( 1991 -- 92 , 1992 -- 93 ) , Thierry Henry ( 2003 -- 04 , 2004 -- 05 ) , Lionel Messi ( 2011 -- 12 , 2012 -- 13 and 2016 -- 17 , 2017 -- 18 ) , and Cristiano Ronaldo ( 2013 -- 14 , 2014 -- 15 ) have won the award in consecutive years . Diego Forlán ( Villarreal , Atlético Madrid ) , Luis Suárez ( Liverpool , Barcelona ) , Mário Jardel ( Porto , Sporting CP ) and Cristiano Ronaldo ( Manchester United , Real Madrid ) are the only players to have won the award with two clubs . </P> <Table> Multiple European Golden Shoe winners <Tr> <Th> Player </Th> <Th> Birthdate </Th> <Th> No . </Th> <Th> Seasons </Th> <Th> Age making record </Th> </Tr> <\n\nQuestion:\nwho has won the golden boot in 2018\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Lionel Messi" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1845, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nwho has won the golden boot in 2018\n\nDocument:\nTh> <Td> La Liga </Td> <Td> 7001400000000000000 ♠ 40 </Td> <Td> 7001800000000000000 ♠ 80 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2016 -- 17 </Td> <Td> Argentina </Td> <Th> Lionel Messi ( 4 ) </Th> <Td> Barcelona ( 6 ) </Td> <Td> La Liga </Td> <Td> 7001370000000000000 ♠ 37 </Td> <Td> 7001740000000000000 ♠ 74 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2017 -- 18 </Td> <Td> Argentina </Td> <Th> Lionel Messi ( 5 ) </Th> <Th> Barcelona ^ ( 7 ) </Th> <Td> La Liga </Td> <Td> 7001340000000000000 ♠ 34 </Td> <Td> 7001680000000000000 ♠ 68 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Dl> <Dt> Notes </Dt> </Dl> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Original 1986 -- 87 season winner Rodion Cămătaru ( with 44 goals ) was disqualified later and the trophy was awarded to Polster in 1990 . However , Camataru was allowed to keep his copy of the trophy . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Darko Pančev got his prize for 1990 -- 91 season later , only in 2006 , following a protest from Cyprus where a player supposedly scored 40 goals ( though the official topscorers for the season , Suad Beširević and Panayiotis Xiourouppas , are listed with 19 goals each ) . Due to this affair , France Football decided to make the competition unofficial . </Li> </Ol> <H2> Top 10 results by year ( edit ) </H2> <H3> 2017 -- 18 European Golden Shoe result ( edit ) </H3> <Dl> <Dd> As of 20 May 2018 </Dd> </Dl> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Rank </Th> <Th> Player </Th> <Th> League </Th> <Th> Club </Th> <Th> Goals </Th> <Th> Points </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Lionel Messi </Td> <Td> La Liga </Td> <Td> Barcelona </Td> <Td> 34 </Td> <Td> 68 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Mohamed Salah </Td> <Td> Premier League </Td> <Td> Liverpool </Td> <Td> 32 </Td> <Td> 64 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Harry Kane </Td> <Td> Premier League </Td> <Td> Tottenham Hotspur </Td> <Td> 30 </Td> <Td> 60 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Ciro Immobile </Td> <Td> Serie A </Td> <Td> Lazio </Td> <Td> 29 </Td> <Td> 58 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Mauro Icardi </Td> <Td> Serie A </Td> <Td> Internazionale </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Robert Lewandowski </Td> <Td> Bundesliga </Td> <Td> Bayern Munich </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> Edinson Cavani </Td> <Td> Ligue 1 </Td> <Td> Paris Saint - Germain </Td> <Td> 28 </Td> <Td> 56 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> Cristiano Ronaldo </Td> <Td> La Liga </Td> <Td> Real Madrid </Td> <Td> 26 </Td> <Td> 52 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> Jonas </Td> <Td> Primeira Liga </Td> <Td> Benfica </Td> <Td> 34 </Td> <Td> 51 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> Luis Suárez </Td> <Td> La Liga </Td> <Td> Barcelona </Td> <Td> 25 </Td> <Td> 50 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Statistics ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Multiple winners ( edit ) </H3> <P> Lionel Messi is the only player to win the award five times , all with Barcelona . Messi holds the all - time record for goals in a single season with 50 in 2011 -- 12 ; it also accumulated to a record 100 points . Messi was also the youngest player to win the award for a 2nd , 3rd , 4th , and 5th time . Bayern Munich 's Gerd Müller was the first player to win the award twice , in 1969 -- 70 and 1971 -- 72 . Messi was the first player to win the award three times , Cristiano Ronaldo was the first player to win the award four times , and Messi again was the first , and so far only , player to win it five times . Only Ally McCoist ( 1991 -- 92 , 1992 -- 93 ) , Thierry Henry ( 2003 -- 04 , 2004 -- 05 ) , Lionel Messi ( 2011 -- 12 , 2012 -- 13 and 2016 -- 17 , 2017 -- 18 ) , and Cristiano Ronaldo ( 2013 -- 14 , 2014 -- 15 ) have won the award in consecutive years . Diego Forlán ( Villarreal , Atlético Madrid ) , Luis Suárez ( Liverpool , Barcelona ) , Mário Jardel ( Porto , Sporting CP ) and Cristiano Ronaldo ( Manchester United , Real Madrid ) are the only players to have won the award with two clubs . </P> <Table> Multiple European Golden Shoe winners <Tr> <Th> Player </Th> <Th> Birthdate </Th> <Th> No . </Th> <Th> Seasons </Th> <Th> Age making record </Th> </Tr> <\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Lionel Messi" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 2616, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\neague </Td> <Td> 7001300000000000000 ♠ 30 </Td> <Td> 7001600000000000000 ♠ 60 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2000 -- 01 </Td> <Td> Sweden </Td> <Th> Henrik Larsson </Th> <Th> Celtic ^ </Th> <Td> Premier League </Td> <Td> 7001350000000000000 ♠ 35 </Td> <Td> 7001525000000000000 ♠ 52.5 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2001 -- 02 </Td> <Td> Brazil </Td> <Th> Mário Jardel ( 2 ) </Th> <Th> Sporting CP ^ ( 2 ) </Th> <Td> Primeira Liga </Td> <Td> 7001420000000000000 ♠ 42 </Td> <Td> 7001840000000000000 ♠ 84 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2002 -- 03 </Td> <Td> Netherlands </Td> <Th> Roy Makaay </Th> <Td> Deportivo La Coruña </Td> <Td> La Liga </Td> <Td> 7001290000000000000 ♠ 29 </Td> <Td> 7001580000000000000 ♠ 58 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2003 -- 04 </Td> <Td> France </Td> <Th> Thierry Henry </Th> <Th> Arsenal ^ </Th> <Td> Premier League </Td> <Td> 7001300000000000000 ♠ 30 </Td> <Td> 7001600000000000000 ♠ 60 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2004 -- 05 </Td> <Td> France </Td> <Th> Thierry Henry ( 2 ) </Th> <Td> Arsenal ( 2 ) </Td> <Td> Premier League </Td> <Td> 7001250000000000000 ♠ 25 </Td> <Td> 7001500000000000000 ♠ 50 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Uruguay </Td> <Th> Diego Forlán </Th> <Td> Villarreal </Td> <Td> La Liga </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2005 -- 06 </Td> <Td> Italy </Td> <Th> Luca Toni </Th> <Td> Fiorentina </Td> <Td> Serie A </Td> <Td> 7001310000000000000 ♠ 31 </Td> <Td> 7001620000000000000 ♠ 62 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2006 -- 07 </Td> <Td> Italy </Td> <Th> Francesco Totti </Th> <Td> Roma </Td> <Td> Serie A </Td> <Td> 7001260000000000000 ♠ 26 </Td> <Td> 7001520000000000000 ♠ 52 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2007 -- 08 </Td> <Td> Portugal </Td> <Th> Cristiano Ronaldo </Th> <Th> Manchester United ^ </Th> <Td> Premier League </Td> <Td> 7001310000000000000 ♠ 31 </Td> <Td> 7001620000000000000 ♠ 62 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2008 -- 09 </Td> <Td> Uruguay </Td> <Th> Diego Forlán ( 2 ) </Th> <Td> Atlético Madrid </Td> <Td> La Liga </Td> <Td> 7001320000000000000 ♠ 32 </Td> <Td> 7001640000000000000 ♠ 64 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2009 -- 10 </Td> <Td> Argentina </Td> <Th> Lionel Messi </Th> <Th> Barcelona ^ ( 2 ) </Th> <Td> La Liga </Td> <Td> 7001340000000000000 ♠ 34 </Td> <Td> 7001680000000000000 ♠ 68 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2010 -- 11 </Td> <Td> Portugal </Td> <Th> Cristiano Ronaldo ( 2 ) </Th> <Td> Real Madrid ( 2 ) </Td> <Td> La Liga </Td> <Td> 7001400000000000000 ♠ 40 </Td> <Td> 7001800000000000000 ♠ 80 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2011 -- 12 </Td> <Td> Argentina </Td> <Th> Lionel Messi ( 2 ) </Th> <Td> Barcelona ( 3 ) </Td> <Td> La Liga </Td> <Td> 7001500000000000000 ♠ 50 </Td> <Td> 7002100000000000000 ♠ 100 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2012 -- 13 </Td> <Td> Argentina </Td> <Th> Lionel Messi ( 3 ) </Th> <Th> Barcelona ^ ( 4 ) </Th> <Td> La Liga </Td> <Td> 7001460000000000000 ♠ 46 </Td> <Td> 7001920000000000000 ♠ 92 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2013 -- 14 </Td> <Td> Uruguay </Td> <Th> Luis Suárez </Th> <Td> Liverpool ( 2 ) </Td> <Td> Premier League </Td> <Td> 7001310000000000000 ♠ 31 </Td> <Td> 7001620000000000000 ♠ 62 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Portugal </Td> <Th> Cristiano Ronaldo ( 3 ) </Th> <Td> Real Madrid ( 3 ) </Td> <Td> La Liga </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2014 -- 15 </Td> <Td> Portugal </Td> <Th> Cristiano Ronaldo ( 4 ) </Th> <Td> Real Madrid ( 4 ) </Td> <Td> La Liga </Td> <Td> 7001480000000000000 ♠ 48 </Td> <Td> 7001960000000000000 ♠ 96 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2015 -- 16 </Td> <Td> Uruguay </Td> <Th> Luis Suárez ( 2 ) </Th> <Th> Barcelona ^ ( 5 ) </Th> <Td> La Liga </Td> <Td> 7001400000000000000 ♠ 40 </Td> <Td> 7001800000000000000 ♠ 80 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2016 -- 17 </Td> <Td> Argentina </Td> <Th> Lionel Messi ( 4 ) </Th> <Td> Barcelona ( 6 ) </Td> <Td> La Liga </Td> <Td> 7001370000000000000 ♠ 37 </Td> <Td> 7001740000000000000 ♠ 74 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2017 -- 18 </Td> <Td> Argentina </Td> <Th> Lionel Messi ( 5 ) </Th> <Th> Barcelona ^ ( 7 ) </Th> <Td> La Liga </Td> <Td> 7001340000000000000 ♠ 34 </Td> <Td> 7001680000000000000 ♠ 68 </Td> </\n\nQuestion:\nwho has won the golden boot in 2018\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Lionel Messi" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 2616, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nwho has won the golden boot in 2018\n\nDocument:\neague </Td> <Td> 7001300000000000000 ♠ 30 </Td> <Td> 7001600000000000000 ♠ 60 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2000 -- 01 </Td> <Td> Sweden </Td> <Th> Henrik Larsson </Th> <Th> Celtic ^ </Th> <Td> Premier League </Td> <Td> 7001350000000000000 ♠ 35 </Td> <Td> 7001525000000000000 ♠ 52.5 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2001 -- 02 </Td> <Td> Brazil </Td> <Th> Mário Jardel ( 2 ) </Th> <Th> Sporting CP ^ ( 2 ) </Th> <Td> Primeira Liga </Td> <Td> 7001420000000000000 ♠ 42 </Td> <Td> 7001840000000000000 ♠ 84 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2002 -- 03 </Td> <Td> Netherlands </Td> <Th> Roy Makaay </Th> <Td> Deportivo La Coruña </Td> <Td> La Liga </Td> <Td> 7001290000000000000 ♠ 29 </Td> <Td> 7001580000000000000 ♠ 58 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2003 -- 04 </Td> <Td> France </Td> <Th> Thierry Henry </Th> <Th> Arsenal ^ </Th> <Td> Premier League </Td> <Td> 7001300000000000000 ♠ 30 </Td> <Td> 7001600000000000000 ♠ 60 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2004 -- 05 </Td> <Td> France </Td> <Th> Thierry Henry ( 2 ) </Th> <Td> Arsenal ( 2 ) </Td> <Td> Premier League </Td> <Td> 7001250000000000000 ♠ 25 </Td> <Td> 7001500000000000000 ♠ 50 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Uruguay </Td> <Th> Diego Forlán </Th> <Td> Villarreal </Td> <Td> La Liga </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2005 -- 06 </Td> <Td> Italy </Td> <Th> Luca Toni </Th> <Td> Fiorentina </Td> <Td> Serie A </Td> <Td> 7001310000000000000 ♠ 31 </Td> <Td> 7001620000000000000 ♠ 62 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2006 -- 07 </Td> <Td> Italy </Td> <Th> Francesco Totti </Th> <Td> Roma </Td> <Td> Serie A </Td> <Td> 7001260000000000000 ♠ 26 </Td> <Td> 7001520000000000000 ♠ 52 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2007 -- 08 </Td> <Td> Portugal </Td> <Th> Cristiano Ronaldo </Th> <Th> Manchester United ^ </Th> <Td> Premier League </Td> <Td> 7001310000000000000 ♠ 31 </Td> <Td> 7001620000000000000 ♠ 62 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2008 -- 09 </Td> <Td> Uruguay </Td> <Th> Diego Forlán ( 2 ) </Th> <Td> Atlético Madrid </Td> <Td> La Liga </Td> <Td> 7001320000000000000 ♠ 32 </Td> <Td> 7001640000000000000 ♠ 64 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2009 -- 10 </Td> <Td> Argentina </Td> <Th> Lionel Messi </Th> <Th> Barcelona ^ ( 2 ) </Th> <Td> La Liga </Td> <Td> 7001340000000000000 ♠ 34 </Td> <Td> 7001680000000000000 ♠ 68 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2010 -- 11 </Td> <Td> Portugal </Td> <Th> Cristiano Ronaldo ( 2 ) </Th> <Td> Real Madrid ( 2 ) </Td> <Td> La Liga </Td> <Td> 7001400000000000000 ♠ 40 </Td> <Td> 7001800000000000000 ♠ 80 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2011 -- 12 </Td> <Td> Argentina </Td> <Th> Lionel Messi ( 2 ) </Th> <Td> Barcelona ( 3 ) </Td> <Td> La Liga </Td> <Td> 7001500000000000000 ♠ 50 </Td> <Td> 7002100000000000000 ♠ 100 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2012 -- 13 </Td> <Td> Argentina </Td> <Th> Lionel Messi ( 3 ) </Th> <Th> Barcelona ^ ( 4 ) </Th> <Td> La Liga </Td> <Td> 7001460000000000000 ♠ 46 </Td> <Td> 7001920000000000000 ♠ 92 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2013 -- 14 </Td> <Td> Uruguay </Td> <Th> Luis Suárez </Th> <Td> Liverpool ( 2 ) </Td> <Td> Premier League </Td> <Td> 7001310000000000000 ♠ 31 </Td> <Td> 7001620000000000000 ♠ 62 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Portugal </Td> <Th> Cristiano Ronaldo ( 3 ) </Th> <Td> Real Madrid ( 3 ) </Td> <Td> La Liga </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2014 -- 15 </Td> <Td> Portugal </Td> <Th> Cristiano Ronaldo ( 4 ) </Th> <Td> Real Madrid ( 4 ) </Td> <Td> La Liga </Td> <Td> 7001480000000000000 ♠ 48 </Td> <Td> 7001960000000000000 ♠ 96 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2015 -- 16 </Td> <Td> Uruguay </Td> <Th> Luis Suárez ( 2 ) </Th> <Th> Barcelona ^ ( 5 ) </Th> <Td> La Liga </Td> <Td> 7001400000000000000 ♠ 40 </Td> <Td> 7001800000000000000 ♠ 80 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2016 -- 17 </Td> <Td> Argentina </Td> <Th> Lionel Messi ( 4 ) </Th> <Td> Barcelona ( 6 ) </Td> <Td> La Liga </Td> <Td> 7001370000000000000 ♠ 37 </Td> <Td> 7001740000000000000 ♠ 74 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2017 -- 18 </Td> <Td> Argentina </Td> <Th> Lionel Messi ( 5 ) </Th> <Th> Barcelona ^ ( 7 ) </Th> <Td> La Liga </Td> <Td> 7001340000000000000 ♠ 34 </Td> <Td> 7001680000000000000 ♠ 68 </Td> </\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Lionel Messi" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1906, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\nstless . The longest - running ( and only remaining original ) character , Jill was created and introduced by William J. Bell . Originally portrayed by Brenda Dickson , when Dickson departed in 1980 , the role was first recast with Deborah Adair . Dickson returned in 1983 , and although she stated that she would never leave the role again , she was replaced by Jess Walton in 1987 , who continues in the role to present time . </P> <P> When she debuted , Jill was an 18 - year - old manicurist working to support her struggling family . The character is known for her feud with Katherine Chancellor ( Jeanne Cooper ) ; it is the longest feud in the history of American soap operas . Their rivalry began when she fell in love and slept with Katherine 's husband Phillip Chancellor II ( Donnelly Rhodes ) and became pregnant . Following Phillip 's accidental death , the women fought over custody of Jill 's son , Phillip Chancellor III ( Thom Bierdz ) , as well as numerous of Katherine 's other husbands . A 2003 plot twist shockingly revealed Jill to be Katherine 's long lost biological daughter , although in 2009 , former head writer Maria Arena Bell rewrote their history , reversing that decision . In 2010 , Jill discovered she is the daughter of Neil Fenmore ( Jim Storm ) . </P> <P> The character is described as an integral part of the soap opera . Both Dickson and Walton have characterized her as `` manipulative '' . Walton , who classes her as a `` savvy businesswoman '' , has opined she is similar to Gone with the Wind character Scarlett O'Hara . Critics have described her as both vindictive and a vixen . John Goudas of The Miami News said that the show `` flourishes when her character takes center stage '' , while Nekeeta Borden of Zap2it noted that Jill has always craved a sense of belonging despite her personality . Walton 's portrayal has been met with acclaim , for which she has won two Daytime Emmy Awards . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Casting </Li> <Li> 2 Development <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Characterization </Li> <Li> 2.2 Relationships </Li> <Li> 2.3 Feud with Katherine </Li> <Li> 2.4 Paternal discovery </Li> <Li> 2.5 Heart disease </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Storylines <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Backstory </Li> <Li> 3.2 1973 -- </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Reception </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Casting ( edit ) </H2> <P> Dickson debuted as the character within the first few episodes of the series . Footage of Dickson as Jill appears in the film Taxi Driver . In May 1980 , Dickson left the role , with Bond Gideon briefly taking over before Adair portrayed the character for an additional three years , from 1980 to 1983 . Dickson returned to the role in 1983 . Melinda Fee served a temporary recast also in 1984 , and Adair briefly reprised the role in 1986 as a fill - in for Dickson . In 1987 , when asked if she would ever leave the character of Jill again , Dickson stated : `` I 'm planning to branch out , maybe even a miniseries . But ( that ) only means shooting here at night to fill in . I ca n't give up Jill . I 'm having too much fun with her . Besides , it 's all so easy . '' However , Dickson was later replaced by Walton , with her final appearance as Jill on June 18 , 1987 . Walton took over shortly after on June 22 , 1987 . </P> <P> In March 2009 , speculation arose that Walton had taken a medical leave ; however , Nelson Branco of TV Guide Canada reported that she had been asked to accept a salary cut and had decided to leave . The soap opera issued a casting call for Jill , describing her as `` late ' 50s , Caucasian , female . This woman is a smart and confident CEO of a successful company . She is a mother and grandmother who wants what is best for her family . '' However , soon after , Walton was able to sign a new contract to continue her portrayal of Jill . She later clarified her departure as having to do with `` family and this economy '' . She stated : `` I felt so bad that so many people have lost their jobs , that , all of a sudden , I thought : ' This is really silly . I have a wonderful job and I really think I owe it to myself and my family to continue on . ' '' In February 2012 , Walton signed a new contract with the soap opera , which would continue her portrayal of the role for an unspecified amount of time . The actress was then announced to be taking a leave of absence beginning that April , slated to last six months . She made her return on November 2 , 2012 . After her return , Walton confirmed in an interview with Soap Opera Digest that she had voluntarily dropped to recurring status to allow for more time with her family . </P> <H2> Development ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Characterization ( edit ) </H3> `` There is a basic insecurity that came from her being the housekeeper 's daughter . She was around Katherine with her rich society country club friends , and she had this deep feeing of inadequacy , and that is where I think it all stems up . '' -- Walton , on Jill 's insecurity as a person ( 2010 ) <P> Global BC describes Jill as `` driven and ambitious '' . Lilana Novakovich of the Toronto Star stated she was `` one mean lady '' , and later noted her to be manipulative . Dickson was `` delighted '' when viewers compared Jill to Alexis Colby ( Joan Collins ) on the television series Dynasty , and believed that Jill could give `` lessons in rottenness '' to Alexis . While Jill , still portrayed by Dickson , was in a middle of a custody battle for her son , John Goudas of The Miami News said : `` Jill is hot again this winter . In a court battling for her son she never gave a darn about , quixotic Jill Foster Abbott gives The Young and the Restless a few heady jolts . '' Additionally , he described Jill as a `` two - timing , self - absorbed , vindictive little witch '' who fans always sympathize with . In 1992 , Donna Gable of USA Today described Jill as volatile . </P> <P> In 1994 , Walton described her character as , `` Very much like a latter - day Scarlett O'Hara . She is very manipulative and feels she is strongly justified in her actions . Jill is an individual who has a lot of difficulty in seeing what she truly is . '' Additionally , she said that once Jill `` she gets a plan in her head , nothing will divert her . '' In 1998 , Walton 's co-star Jeanne Cooper described Jill as `` Wile E. Coyote '' . Walton conceded that the analogy is true , saying that Jill is in `` constant turmoil '' . She stated : `` She gets the anvil dropped on her head and falls off the cliff . She cries and then tells everyone her new plan and how she 's going to rule the world . Then it 's off the cliff again . '' Walton has said that Jill can be `\n\nQuestion:\nwho played jill on young and the restless\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Jess Walton" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1906, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nwho played jill on young and the restless\n\nDocument:\nstless . The longest - running ( and only remaining original ) character , Jill was created and introduced by William J. Bell . Originally portrayed by Brenda Dickson , when Dickson departed in 1980 , the role was first recast with Deborah Adair . Dickson returned in 1983 , and although she stated that she would never leave the role again , she was replaced by Jess Walton in 1987 , who continues in the role to present time . </P> <P> When she debuted , Jill was an 18 - year - old manicurist working to support her struggling family . The character is known for her feud with Katherine Chancellor ( Jeanne Cooper ) ; it is the longest feud in the history of American soap operas . Their rivalry began when she fell in love and slept with Katherine 's husband Phillip Chancellor II ( Donnelly Rhodes ) and became pregnant . Following Phillip 's accidental death , the women fought over custody of Jill 's son , Phillip Chancellor III ( Thom Bierdz ) , as well as numerous of Katherine 's other husbands . A 2003 plot twist shockingly revealed Jill to be Katherine 's long lost biological daughter , although in 2009 , former head writer Maria Arena Bell rewrote their history , reversing that decision . In 2010 , Jill discovered she is the daughter of Neil Fenmore ( Jim Storm ) . </P> <P> The character is described as an integral part of the soap opera . Both Dickson and Walton have characterized her as `` manipulative '' . Walton , who classes her as a `` savvy businesswoman '' , has opined she is similar to Gone with the Wind character Scarlett O'Hara . Critics have described her as both vindictive and a vixen . John Goudas of The Miami News said that the show `` flourishes when her character takes center stage '' , while Nekeeta Borden of Zap2it noted that Jill has always craved a sense of belonging despite her personality . Walton 's portrayal has been met with acclaim , for which she has won two Daytime Emmy Awards . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Casting </Li> <Li> 2 Development <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Characterization </Li> <Li> 2.2 Relationships </Li> <Li> 2.3 Feud with Katherine </Li> <Li> 2.4 Paternal discovery </Li> <Li> 2.5 Heart disease </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Storylines <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Backstory </Li> <Li> 3.2 1973 -- </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Reception </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Casting ( edit ) </H2> <P> Dickson debuted as the character within the first few episodes of the series . Footage of Dickson as Jill appears in the film Taxi Driver . In May 1980 , Dickson left the role , with Bond Gideon briefly taking over before Adair portrayed the character for an additional three years , from 1980 to 1983 . Dickson returned to the role in 1983 . Melinda Fee served a temporary recast also in 1984 , and Adair briefly reprised the role in 1986 as a fill - in for Dickson . In 1987 , when asked if she would ever leave the character of Jill again , Dickson stated : `` I 'm planning to branch out , maybe even a miniseries . But ( that ) only means shooting here at night to fill in . I ca n't give up Jill . I 'm having too much fun with her . Besides , it 's all so easy . '' However , Dickson was later replaced by Walton , with her final appearance as Jill on June 18 , 1987 . Walton took over shortly after on June 22 , 1987 . </P> <P> In March 2009 , speculation arose that Walton had taken a medical leave ; however , Nelson Branco of TV Guide Canada reported that she had been asked to accept a salary cut and had decided to leave . The soap opera issued a casting call for Jill , describing her as `` late ' 50s , Caucasian , female . This woman is a smart and confident CEO of a successful company . She is a mother and grandmother who wants what is best for her family . '' However , soon after , Walton was able to sign a new contract to continue her portrayal of Jill . She later clarified her departure as having to do with `` family and this economy '' . She stated : `` I felt so bad that so many people have lost their jobs , that , all of a sudden , I thought : ' This is really silly . I have a wonderful job and I really think I owe it to myself and my family to continue on . ' '' In February 2012 , Walton signed a new contract with the soap opera , which would continue her portrayal of the role for an unspecified amount of time . The actress was then announced to be taking a leave of absence beginning that April , slated to last six months . She made her return on November 2 , 2012 . After her return , Walton confirmed in an interview with Soap Opera Digest that she had voluntarily dropped to recurring status to allow for more time with her family . </P> <H2> Development ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Characterization ( edit ) </H3> `` There is a basic insecurity that came from her being the housekeeper 's daughter . She was around Katherine with her rich society country club friends , and she had this deep feeing of inadequacy , and that is where I think it all stems up . '' -- Walton , on Jill 's insecurity as a person ( 2010 ) <P> Global BC describes Jill as `` driven and ambitious '' . Lilana Novakovich of the Toronto Star stated she was `` one mean lady '' , and later noted her to be manipulative . Dickson was `` delighted '' when viewers compared Jill to Alexis Colby ( Joan Collins ) on the television series Dynasty , and believed that Jill could give `` lessons in rottenness '' to Alexis . While Jill , still portrayed by Dickson , was in a middle of a custody battle for her son , John Goudas of The Miami News said : `` Jill is hot again this winter . In a court battling for her son she never gave a darn about , quixotic Jill Foster Abbott gives The Young and the Restless a few heady jolts . '' Additionally , he described Jill as a `` two - timing , self - absorbed , vindictive little witch '' who fans always sympathize with . In 1992 , Donna Gable of USA Today described Jill as volatile . </P> <P> In 1994 , Walton described her character as , `` Very much like a latter - day Scarlett O'Hara . She is very manipulative and feels she is strongly justified in her actions . Jill is an individual who has a lot of difficulty in seeing what she truly is . '' Additionally , she said that once Jill `` she gets a plan in her head , nothing will divert her . '' In 1998 , Walton 's co-star Jeanne Cooper described Jill as `` Wile E. Coyote '' . Walton conceded that the analogy is true , saying that Jill is in `` constant turmoil '' . She stated : `` She gets the anvil dropped on her head and falls off the cliff . She cries and then tells everyone her new plan and how she 's going to rule the world . Then it 's off the cliff again . '' Walton has said that Jill can be `\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Jess Walton" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 2357, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\nJill Abbott - wikipedia <H1> Jill Abbott </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Jill Abbott </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> Jess Walton as Jill Abbott </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> The Young and the Restless character </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Portrayed by </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Brenda Dickson ( 1973 -- 80 , 1983 -- 87 ) </Li> <Li> Bond Gideon ( 1980 ) </Li> <Li> Deborah Adair ( 1980 -- 83 , 1986 ) </Li> <Li> Melinda O. Fee ( 1984 ) </Li> <Li> Jess Walton ( 1987 -- ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Duration </Th> <Td> 1973 -- </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> First appearance </Th> <Td> March 1973 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Created by </Th> <Td> William J. Bell </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Introduced by </Th> <Td> William J. Bell and John Conboy </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Classification </Th> <Td> Present , recurring </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Profile </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Other names </Th> <Td> Jill Fenmore Atkinson Jill Foster Abbott Jill Abbott Fenmore Jill Foster </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Occupation </Th> <Td> Businesswoman Manicurist </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Home </Th> <Td> Genoa City , Wisconsin </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> <Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> ( show ) Family </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Family </Th> <Td> Abbott </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Father </Th> <Td> Neil Fenmore </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Adoptive parents </Th> <Td> Bill Foster Liz Foster </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Brothers </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Snapper Foster ( adoptive ) </Li> <Li> Greg Foster ( adoptive ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Half - sisters </Th> <Td> Lauren Fenmore </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Husband </Th> <Td> Brock Reynolds ( 1975 ) Phillip Chancellor II ( 1975 ) Stuart Brooks ( 1978 ) Derek Thurston ( 1978 ) John Abbott ( 1982 -- 86 , 1993 -- 96 ) Rex Sterling ( 1990 ) Colin Atkinson ( 2011 , 2014 -- ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Sons </Th> <Td> Phillip Chancellor III Billy Abbott </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Stepsons </Th> <Td> Cane Ashby </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Grandsons </Th> <Td> Chance Chancellor Johnny Abbott </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Granddaughters </Th> <Td> Delia Abbott Katie Newman </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Uncles </Th> <Td> Bruce Henderson ( adoptive ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Nephews </Th> <Td> Chuckie Roulland ( adoptive ) Scotty Grainger Fenmore Baldwin </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Nieces </Th> <Td> Jennifer Foster ( adoptive ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> First cousins </Th> <Td> Mark Henderson ( adoptive ) Lorie Brooks ( adoptive ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Jill Abbott is a fictional character from the American CBS soap opera The Young and the Restless . The longest - running ( and only remaining original ) character , Jill was created and introduced by William J. Bell . Originally portrayed by Brenda Dickson , when Dickson departed in 1980 , the role was first recast with Deborah Adair . Dickson returned in 1983 , and although she stated that she would never leave the role again , she was replaced by Jess Walton in 1987 , who continues in the role to present time . </P> <P> When she debuted , Jill was an 18 - year - old manicurist working to support her struggling family . The character is known for her feud with Katherine Chancellor ( Jeanne Cooper ) ; it is the longest feud in the history of American soap operas . Their rivalry began when she fell in love and slept with Katherine 's husband Phillip Chancellor II ( Donnelly Rhodes ) and became pregnant . Following Phillip 's accidental death , the women fought over custody of Jill 's son , Phillip Chancellor III ( Thom Bierdz ) , as well as numerous of Katherine 's other husbands . A 2003 plot twist shockingly revealed Jill to be Katherine 's long lost biological daughter , although in 2009 , former head writer Maria Arena Bell rewrote their history , reversing that decision . In 2010 , Jill discovered she is the daughter of Neil Fenmore ( Jim Storm ) . </P> <P> The character is described as an integral part of the soap opera . Both Dickson and Walton have characterized her as `` manipulative '' . Walton , who classes her as a `` savvy businesswoman '' , has opined she is similar to Gone with the Wind character Scarlett O'Hara . Critics have described her as both vindictive and a vixen . John Goudas of The Miami News said that the show `` flourishes when her character takes center stage '' , while Nekeeta Borden of Zap2it noted that Jill has always craved a sense of belonging despite her personality . Walton 's portrayal has been met with acclaim , for which she has won two Daytime Emmy Awards . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Casting </Li> <Li> 2 Development <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Characterization </Li> <Li> 2.2 Relationships </Li> <Li> 2.3 Feud with Katherine </Li> <Li> 2.4 Paternal discovery </Li> <Li> 2.5 Heart disease </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Storylines <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Backstory </Li> <Li> 3.2 1973 -- </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Reception </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Casting ( edit ) </H2> <P> Dickson debuted as the character within the first few episodes of the series . Footage of Dickson as Jill appears in the film Taxi Driver . In May 1980 , Dickson left the role , with Bond Gideon briefly taking over before Adair portrayed the character for an additional three years , from 1980 to 1983 . Dickson returned to the role in 1983 . Melinda Fee served a temporary recast also in 1984 , and Adair briefly reprised the role in 1986 as a fill - in for Dickson . In 1987 , when asked if she would ever leave the character of Jill again , Dickson stated : `` I 'm planning to branch out , maybe even a miniseries . But ( that ) only means shooting here at night to fill in . I ca n't give up Jill . I 'm having too much fun with her . Besides , it 's all so easy . '' However , Dickson was later replaced by Walton , with her final appearance as Jill on June 18 , 1987 . Walton took over shortly after on June 22 , 1987 . </P> <P> In March 2009 , speculation arose that Walton had taken a medical leave ; however , Nelson Branco of TV Guide Canada reported that she had been asked to accept a salary cut and had decided to leave . The soap opera issued a casting call for Jill , describing her as `` late ' 50s , Caucasian , female . This woman is a smart and confident CEO of a successful company . She is a mother and grandmother who wants what is best for her family . '' However , soon after , Walton was able to sign a new contract to continue her portrayal of Jill . She later clarified her departure as having to do with `` family and this economy '' . She stated : `` I felt so bad that so many people have lost their jobs , that , all of a sudden , I thought : ' This is really silly . I have a wonderful job and I really think I owe it to myself \n\nQuestion:\nwho played jill on young and the restless\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Jess Walton" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 2357, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nwho played jill on young and the restless\n\nDocument:\nJill Abbott - wikipedia <H1> Jill Abbott </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Jill Abbott </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> Jess Walton as Jill Abbott </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> The Young and the Restless character </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Portrayed by </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Brenda Dickson ( 1973 -- 80 , 1983 -- 87 ) </Li> <Li> Bond Gideon ( 1980 ) </Li> <Li> Deborah Adair ( 1980 -- 83 , 1986 ) </Li> <Li> Melinda O. Fee ( 1984 ) </Li> <Li> Jess Walton ( 1987 -- ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Duration </Th> <Td> 1973 -- </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> First appearance </Th> <Td> March 1973 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Created by </Th> <Td> William J. Bell </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Introduced by </Th> <Td> William J. Bell and John Conboy </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Classification </Th> <Td> Present , recurring </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Profile </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Other names </Th> <Td> Jill Fenmore Atkinson Jill Foster Abbott Jill Abbott Fenmore Jill Foster </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Occupation </Th> <Td> Businesswoman Manicurist </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Home </Th> <Td> Genoa City , Wisconsin </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> <Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> ( show ) Family </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Family </Th> <Td> Abbott </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Father </Th> <Td> Neil Fenmore </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Adoptive parents </Th> <Td> Bill Foster Liz Foster </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Brothers </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Snapper Foster ( adoptive ) </Li> <Li> Greg Foster ( adoptive ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Half - sisters </Th> <Td> Lauren Fenmore </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Husband </Th> <Td> Brock Reynolds ( 1975 ) Phillip Chancellor II ( 1975 ) Stuart Brooks ( 1978 ) Derek Thurston ( 1978 ) John Abbott ( 1982 -- 86 , 1993 -- 96 ) Rex Sterling ( 1990 ) Colin Atkinson ( 2011 , 2014 -- ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Sons </Th> <Td> Phillip Chancellor III Billy Abbott </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Stepsons </Th> <Td> Cane Ashby </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Grandsons </Th> <Td> Chance Chancellor Johnny Abbott </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Granddaughters </Th> <Td> Delia Abbott Katie Newman </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Uncles </Th> <Td> Bruce Henderson ( adoptive ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Nephews </Th> <Td> Chuckie Roulland ( adoptive ) Scotty Grainger Fenmore Baldwin </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Nieces </Th> <Td> Jennifer Foster ( adoptive ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> First cousins </Th> <Td> Mark Henderson ( adoptive ) Lorie Brooks ( adoptive ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Jill Abbott is a fictional character from the American CBS soap opera The Young and the Restless . The longest - running ( and only remaining original ) character , Jill was created and introduced by William J. Bell . Originally portrayed by Brenda Dickson , when Dickson departed in 1980 , the role was first recast with Deborah Adair . Dickson returned in 1983 , and although she stated that she would never leave the role again , she was replaced by Jess Walton in 1987 , who continues in the role to present time . </P> <P> When she debuted , Jill was an 18 - year - old manicurist working to support her struggling family . The character is known for her feud with Katherine Chancellor ( Jeanne Cooper ) ; it is the longest feud in the history of American soap operas . Their rivalry began when she fell in love and slept with Katherine 's husband Phillip Chancellor II ( Donnelly Rhodes ) and became pregnant . Following Phillip 's accidental death , the women fought over custody of Jill 's son , Phillip Chancellor III ( Thom Bierdz ) , as well as numerous of Katherine 's other husbands . A 2003 plot twist shockingly revealed Jill to be Katherine 's long lost biological daughter , although in 2009 , former head writer Maria Arena Bell rewrote their history , reversing that decision . In 2010 , Jill discovered she is the daughter of Neil Fenmore ( Jim Storm ) . </P> <P> The character is described as an integral part of the soap opera . Both Dickson and Walton have characterized her as `` manipulative '' . Walton , who classes her as a `` savvy businesswoman '' , has opined she is similar to Gone with the Wind character Scarlett O'Hara . Critics have described her as both vindictive and a vixen . John Goudas of The Miami News said that the show `` flourishes when her character takes center stage '' , while Nekeeta Borden of Zap2it noted that Jill has always craved a sense of belonging despite her personality . Walton 's portrayal has been met with acclaim , for which she has won two Daytime Emmy Awards . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Casting </Li> <Li> 2 Development <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Characterization </Li> <Li> 2.2 Relationships </Li> <Li> 2.3 Feud with Katherine </Li> <Li> 2.4 Paternal discovery </Li> <Li> 2.5 Heart disease </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Storylines <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Backstory </Li> <Li> 3.2 1973 -- </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Reception </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Casting ( edit ) </H2> <P> Dickson debuted as the character within the first few episodes of the series . Footage of Dickson as Jill appears in the film Taxi Driver . In May 1980 , Dickson left the role , with Bond Gideon briefly taking over before Adair portrayed the character for an additional three years , from 1980 to 1983 . Dickson returned to the role in 1983 . Melinda Fee served a temporary recast also in 1984 , and Adair briefly reprised the role in 1986 as a fill - in for Dickson . In 1987 , when asked if she would ever leave the character of Jill again , Dickson stated : `` I 'm planning to branch out , maybe even a miniseries . But ( that ) only means shooting here at night to fill in . I ca n't give up Jill . I 'm having too much fun with her . Besides , it 's all so easy . '' However , Dickson was later replaced by Walton , with her final appearance as Jill on June 18 , 1987 . Walton took over shortly after on June 22 , 1987 . </P> <P> In March 2009 , speculation arose that Walton had taken a medical leave ; however , Nelson Branco of TV Guide Canada reported that she had been asked to accept a salary cut and had decided to leave . The soap opera issued a casting call for Jill , describing her as `` late ' 50s , Caucasian , female . This woman is a smart and confident CEO of a successful company . She is a mother and grandmother who wants what is best for her family . '' However , soon after , Walton was able to sign a new contract to continue her portrayal of Jill . She later clarified her departure as having to do with `` family and this economy '' . She stated : `` I felt so bad that so many people have lost their jobs , that , all of a sudden , I thought : ' This is really silly . I have a wonderful job and I really think I owe it to myself \n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Jess Walton" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 2357, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\nJill Abbott - wikipedia <H1> Jill Abbott </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Jill Abbott </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> Jess Walton as Jill Abbott </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> The Young and the Restless character </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Portrayed by </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Brenda Dickson ( 1973 -- 80 , 1983 -- 87 ) </Li> <Li> Bond Gideon ( 1980 ) </Li> <Li> Deborah Adair ( 1980 -- 83 , 1986 ) </Li> <Li> Melinda O. Fee ( 1984 ) </Li> <Li> Jess Walton ( 1987 -- ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Duration </Th> <Td> 1973 -- </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> First appearance </Th> <Td> March 1973 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Created by </Th> <Td> William J. Bell </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Introduced by </Th> <Td> William J. Bell and John Conboy </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Classification </Th> <Td> Present , recurring </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Profile </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Other names </Th> <Td> Jill Fenmore Atkinson Jill Foster Abbott Jill Abbott Fenmore Jill Foster </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Occupation </Th> <Td> Businesswoman Manicurist </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Home </Th> <Td> Genoa City , Wisconsin </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> <Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> ( show ) Family </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Family </Th> <Td> Abbott </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Father </Th> <Td> Neil Fenmore </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Adoptive parents </Th> <Td> Bill Foster Liz Foster </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Brothers </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Snapper Foster ( adoptive ) </Li> <Li> Greg Foster ( adoptive ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Half - sisters </Th> <Td> Lauren Fenmore </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Husband </Th> <Td> Brock Reynolds ( 1975 ) Phillip Chancellor II ( 1975 ) Stuart Brooks ( 1978 ) Derek Thurston ( 1978 ) John Abbott ( 1982 -- 86 , 1993 -- 96 ) Rex Sterling ( 1990 ) Colin Atkinson ( 2011 , 2014 -- ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Sons </Th> <Td> Phillip Chancellor III Billy Abbott </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Stepsons </Th> <Td> Cane Ashby </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Grandsons </Th> <Td> Chance Chancellor Johnny Abbott </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Granddaughters </Th> <Td> Delia Abbott Katie Newman </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Uncles </Th> <Td> Bruce Henderson ( adoptive ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Nephews </Th> <Td> Chuckie Roulland ( adoptive ) Scotty Grainger Fenmore Baldwin </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Nieces </Th> <Td> Jennifer Foster ( adoptive ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> First cousins </Th> <Td> Mark Henderson ( adoptive ) Lorie Brooks ( adoptive ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Jill Abbott is a fictional character from the American CBS soap opera The Young and the Restless . The longest - running ( and only remaining original ) character , Jill was created and introduced by William J. Bell . Originally portrayed by Brenda Dickson , when Dickson departed in 1980 , the role was first recast with Deborah Adair . Dickson returned in 1983 , and although she stated that she would never leave the role again , she was replaced by Jess Walton in 1987 , who continues in the role to present time . </P> <P> When she debuted , Jill was an 18 - year - old manicurist working to support her struggling family . The character is known for her feud with Katherine Chancellor ( Jeanne Cooper ) ; it is the longest feud in the history of American soap operas . Their rivalry began when she fell in love and slept with Katherine 's husband Phillip Chancellor II ( Donnelly Rhodes ) and became pregnant . Following Phillip 's accidental death , the women fought over custody of Jill 's son , Phillip Chancellor III ( Thom Bierdz ) , as well as numerous of Katherine 's other husbands . A 2003 plot twist shockingly revealed Jill to be Katherine 's long lost biological daughter , although in 2009 , former head writer Maria Arena Bell rewrote their history , reversing that decision . In 2010 , Jill discovered she is the daughter of Neil Fenmore ( Jim Storm ) . </P> <P> The character is described as an integral part of the soap opera . Both Dickson and Walton have characterized her as `` manipulative '' . Walton , who classes her as a `` savvy businesswoman '' , has opined she is similar to Gone with the Wind character Scarlett O'Hara . Critics have described her as both vindictive and a vixen . John Goudas of The Miami News said that the show `` flourishes when her character takes center stage '' , while Nekeeta Borden of Zap2it noted that Jill has always craved a sense of belonging despite her personality . Walton 's portrayal has been met with acclaim , for which she has won two Daytime Emmy Awards . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Casting </Li> <Li> 2 Development <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Characterization </Li> <Li> 2.2 Relationships </Li> <Li> 2.3 Feud with Katherine </Li> <Li> 2.4 Paternal discovery </Li> <Li> 2.5 Heart disease </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Storylines <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Backstory </Li> <Li> 3.2 1973 -- </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Reception </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Casting ( edit ) </H2> <P> Dickson debuted as the character within the first few episodes of the series . Footage of Dickson as Jill appears in the film Taxi Driver . In May 1980 , Dickson left the role , with Bond Gideon briefly taking over before Adair portrayed the character for an additional three years , from 1980 to 1983 . Dickson returned to the role in 1983 . Melinda Fee served a temporary recast also in 1984 , and Adair briefly reprised the role in 1986 as a fill - in for Dickson . In 1987 , when asked if she would ever leave the character of Jill again , Dickson stated : `` I 'm planning to branch out , maybe even a miniseries . But ( that ) only means shooting here at night to fill in . I ca n't give up Jill . I 'm having too much fun with her . Besides , it 's all so easy . '' However , Dickson was later replaced by Walton , with her final appearance as Jill on June 18 , 1987 . Walton took over shortly after on June 22 , 1987 . </P> <P> In March 2009 , speculation arose that Walton had taken a medical leave ; however , Nelson Branco of TV Guide Canada reported that she had been asked to accept a salary cut and had decided to leave . The soap opera issued a casting call for Jill , describing her as `` late ' 50s , Caucasian , female . This woman is a smart and confident CEO of a successful company . She is a mother and grandmother who wants what is best for her family . '' However , soon after , Walton was able to sign a new contract to continue her portrayal of Jill . She later clarified her departure as having to do with `` family and this economy '' . She stated : `` I felt so bad that so many people have lost their jobs , that , all of a sudden , I thought : ' This is really silly . I have a wonderful job and I really think I owe it to myself \n\nQuestion:\nwho played jill on young and the restless\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Jess Walton" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 2357, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nwho played jill on young and the restless\n\nDocument:\nJill Abbott - wikipedia <H1> Jill Abbott </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Jill Abbott </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> Jess Walton as Jill Abbott </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> The Young and the Restless character </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Portrayed by </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Brenda Dickson ( 1973 -- 80 , 1983 -- 87 ) </Li> <Li> Bond Gideon ( 1980 ) </Li> <Li> Deborah Adair ( 1980 -- 83 , 1986 ) </Li> <Li> Melinda O. Fee ( 1984 ) </Li> <Li> Jess Walton ( 1987 -- ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Duration </Th> <Td> 1973 -- </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> First appearance </Th> <Td> March 1973 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Created by </Th> <Td> William J. Bell </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Introduced by </Th> <Td> William J. Bell and John Conboy </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Classification </Th> <Td> Present , recurring </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Profile </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Other names </Th> <Td> Jill Fenmore Atkinson Jill Foster Abbott Jill Abbott Fenmore Jill Foster </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Occupation </Th> <Td> Businesswoman Manicurist </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Home </Th> <Td> Genoa City , Wisconsin </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> <Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> ( show ) Family </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Family </Th> <Td> Abbott </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Father </Th> <Td> Neil Fenmore </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Adoptive parents </Th> <Td> Bill Foster Liz Foster </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Brothers </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Snapper Foster ( adoptive ) </Li> <Li> Greg Foster ( adoptive ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Half - sisters </Th> <Td> Lauren Fenmore </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Husband </Th> <Td> Brock Reynolds ( 1975 ) Phillip Chancellor II ( 1975 ) Stuart Brooks ( 1978 ) Derek Thurston ( 1978 ) John Abbott ( 1982 -- 86 , 1993 -- 96 ) Rex Sterling ( 1990 ) Colin Atkinson ( 2011 , 2014 -- ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Sons </Th> <Td> Phillip Chancellor III Billy Abbott </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Stepsons </Th> <Td> Cane Ashby </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Grandsons </Th> <Td> Chance Chancellor Johnny Abbott </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Granddaughters </Th> <Td> Delia Abbott Katie Newman </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Uncles </Th> <Td> Bruce Henderson ( adoptive ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Nephews </Th> <Td> Chuckie Roulland ( adoptive ) Scotty Grainger Fenmore Baldwin </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Nieces </Th> <Td> Jennifer Foster ( adoptive ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> First cousins </Th> <Td> Mark Henderson ( adoptive ) Lorie Brooks ( adoptive ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Jill Abbott is a fictional character from the American CBS soap opera The Young and the Restless . The longest - running ( and only remaining original ) character , Jill was created and introduced by William J. Bell . Originally portrayed by Brenda Dickson , when Dickson departed in 1980 , the role was first recast with Deborah Adair . Dickson returned in 1983 , and although she stated that she would never leave the role again , she was replaced by Jess Walton in 1987 , who continues in the role to present time . </P> <P> When she debuted , Jill was an 18 - year - old manicurist working to support her struggling family . The character is known for her feud with Katherine Chancellor ( Jeanne Cooper ) ; it is the longest feud in the history of American soap operas . Their rivalry began when she fell in love and slept with Katherine 's husband Phillip Chancellor II ( Donnelly Rhodes ) and became pregnant . Following Phillip 's accidental death , the women fought over custody of Jill 's son , Phillip Chancellor III ( Thom Bierdz ) , as well as numerous of Katherine 's other husbands . A 2003 plot twist shockingly revealed Jill to be Katherine 's long lost biological daughter , although in 2009 , former head writer Maria Arena Bell rewrote their history , reversing that decision . In 2010 , Jill discovered she is the daughter of Neil Fenmore ( Jim Storm ) . </P> <P> The character is described as an integral part of the soap opera . Both Dickson and Walton have characterized her as `` manipulative '' . Walton , who classes her as a `` savvy businesswoman '' , has opined she is similar to Gone with the Wind character Scarlett O'Hara . Critics have described her as both vindictive and a vixen . John Goudas of The Miami News said that the show `` flourishes when her character takes center stage '' , while Nekeeta Borden of Zap2it noted that Jill has always craved a sense of belonging despite her personality . Walton 's portrayal has been met with acclaim , for which she has won two Daytime Emmy Awards . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Casting </Li> <Li> 2 Development <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Characterization </Li> <Li> 2.2 Relationships </Li> <Li> 2.3 Feud with Katherine </Li> <Li> 2.4 Paternal discovery </Li> <Li> 2.5 Heart disease </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Storylines <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Backstory </Li> <Li> 3.2 1973 -- </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Reception </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Casting ( edit ) </H2> <P> Dickson debuted as the character within the first few episodes of the series . Footage of Dickson as Jill appears in the film Taxi Driver . In May 1980 , Dickson left the role , with Bond Gideon briefly taking over before Adair portrayed the character for an additional three years , from 1980 to 1983 . Dickson returned to the role in 1983 . Melinda Fee served a temporary recast also in 1984 , and Adair briefly reprised the role in 1986 as a fill - in for Dickson . In 1987 , when asked if she would ever leave the character of Jill again , Dickson stated : `` I 'm planning to branch out , maybe even a miniseries . But ( that ) only means shooting here at night to fill in . I ca n't give up Jill . I 'm having too much fun with her . Besides , it 's all so easy . '' However , Dickson was later replaced by Walton , with her final appearance as Jill on June 18 , 1987 . Walton took over shortly after on June 22 , 1987 . </P> <P> In March 2009 , speculation arose that Walton had taken a medical leave ; however , Nelson Branco of TV Guide Canada reported that she had been asked to accept a salary cut and had decided to leave . The soap opera issued a casting call for Jill , describing her as `` late ' 50s , Caucasian , female . This woman is a smart and confident CEO of a successful company . She is a mother and grandmother who wants what is best for her family . '' However , soon after , Walton was able to sign a new contract to continue her portrayal of Jill . She later clarified her departure as having to do with `` family and this economy '' . She stated : `` I felt so bad that so many people have lost their jobs , that , all of a sudden , I thought : ' This is really silly . I have a wonderful job and I really think I owe it to myself \n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Jess Walton" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 2200, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\nte message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> Robert Ripley 's Believe It or Not ( January 12 , 1941 ) <P> Ripley 's Believe It or Not ! is an American franchise , founded by Robert Ripley , which deals in bizarre events and items so strange and unusual that readers might question the claims . Originally a newspaper panel , the Believe It or Not feature proved popular and was later adapted into a wide variety of formats , including radio , television , comic books , a chain of museums , and a book series . </P> <P> The Ripley collection includes 20,000 photographs , 30,000 artifacts and more than 100,000 cartoon panels . With 80 - plus attractions , the Orlando - based Ripley Entertainment , Inc. , a division of the Jim Pattison Group , is a global company with an annual attendance of more than 12 million guests . Ripley Entertainment 's publishing and broadcast divisions oversee numerous projects , including the syndicated TV series , the newspaper cartoon panel , books , posters , and games . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Syndicated feature panel </Li> <Li> 2 Books </Li> <Li> 3 Radio </Li> <Li> 4 Films , television , Internet , and computer game <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Film <Ul> <Li> 4.1. 1 Planned film </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4.2 Television </Li> <Li> 4.3 Internet and games </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Museums <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Asia </Li> <Li> 5.2 Europe <Ul> <Li> 5.2. 1 Denmark </Li> <Li> 5.2. 2 The Netherlands </Li> <Li> 5.2. 3 United Kingdom </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5.3 North America <Ul> <Li> 5.3. 1 Canada </Li> <Li> 5.3. 2 Mexico </Li> <Li> 5.3. 3 United States <Ul> <Li> 5.3. 3.1 California </Li> <Li> 5.3. 3.2 Florida </Li> <Li> 5.3. 3.3 Illinois </Li> <Li> 5.3. 3.4 Maryland </Li> <Li> 5.3. 3.5 Missouri </Li> <Li> 5.3. 3.6 New Jersey </Li> <Li> 5.3. 3.7 New York </Li> <Li> 5.3. 3.8 Oregon </Li> <Li> 5.3. 3.9 South Carolina </Li> <Li> 5.3. 3.10 Tennessee </Li> <Li> 5.3. 3.11 Texas </Li> <Li> 5.3. 3.12 Virginia </Li> <Li> 5.3. 3.13 Wisconsin </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5.4 Oceania <Ul> <Li> 5.4. 1 Australia </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Inaccuracies </Li> <Li> 7 See also </Li> <Li> 8 References </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Syndicated feature panel ( edit ) </H2> <P> Ripley first called his cartoon feature , originally involving sports feats , Champs and Chumps , and it premiered on December 19 , 1918 , in the New York Globe . Ripley began adding items unrelated to sports , and in October 1919 , he changed the title to Believe It or Not . When the Globe folded in 1923 , Ripley moved to the New York Evening Post . That same year , Ripley hired Norbert Pearlroth as his researcher , and Pearlroth spent the next 52 years of his life in the New York Public Library , working ten hours a day and six days a week in order to find unusual facts for Ripley . </P> <P> Other writers and researchers included Lester Byck . In 1930 , Ripley moved to the New York American and was picked up by the King Features Syndicate , being quickly syndicated on an international basis . </P> <P> Those working on the syndicated newspaper panel after Ripley included Joe Campbell ( 1946 -- 1956 ) , Art Sloggatt ( 1917 -- 1975 ) , Clem Gretter ( 1941 -- 1949 ) , Carl Dorese , Bob Clarke ( 1943 -- 1944 ) , Stan Randall , Paul Frehm ( 1938 -- 1978 ; he became the full - time artist in 1949 ) , and his brother Walter Frehm ( 1948 -- 1989 ) ; Walter worked part - time with his brother Paul and became a full - time Ripley artist from 1978 to 1989 . Paul Frehm won the National Cartoonists Society 's Newspaper Panel Cartoon Award for 1976 for his work on the series . Clarke later created parodies of Believe It or Not ! for Mad , as did Wally Wood and Ernie Kovacs , who also did a recurring satire called `` Strangely Believe It ! '' on his TV programs . The current artist is John Graziano and current researcher is Sabrina Sieck . </P> <P> At the peak of its popularity , the syndicated feature was read daily by about 80 million readers , and during the first three weeks of May 1932 alone , Ripley received over two million pieces of fan mail . Dozens of paperback editions reprinting the newspaper panels have been published over the decades . Other strips and books borrowed the Ripley design and format , such as Ralph Graczak 's Our Own Oddities , John Hix 's Strange as it Seems , and Gordon Johnston 's It Happened in Canada . Recent Ripley 's Believe It or Not ! books containing new material have supplemented illustrations with photographs . </P> <P> Peanuts creator Charles M. Schulz 's first publication of artwork was published by Ripley . It was a cartoon claiming his dog was `` a hunting dog who eats pins , tacks , screws , nails and razor blades . '' Schulz 's dog Spike later became the model for Peanuts ' Snoopy . </P> <H2> Books ( edit ) </H2> <P> Some notable books : </P> <Ul> <Li> Believe it or not ! by Ripley The Big Little Book ( 1931 ) </Li> <Li> Ripley 's Believe It or Not ( 1929 ) , reprinted in 2004 </Li> <Li> Ripley 's Mammoth Book of Believe It or Not ( 1955 ) </Li> <Li> Ripley 's Giant Book of Believe It or Not ( 1976 ) </Li> <Li> Ripley 's 35th Anniversary Believe It or Not ( 1954 ) </Li> <Li> Ripley 's 50th Anniversary Believe It or Not ( 1968 ) </Li> <Li> Ripley 's Believe It or Not Special Edition 2012 ( 2011 ) </Li> </Ul> <P> A series of paperback books containing annotated sketches from the newspaper feature : </P> <Ul> <Li> Ripley 's Believe It or Not 1st Series ( 1941 ) </Li> <Li> Ripley 's Believe It or Not 2nd Series ( 1948 ) </Li> <Li> Ripley 's Believe It or Not 3rd Series ( 1954 ) </Li> <Li> Ripley 's Believe It or Not 34th Series ( 1982 ) </Li> </Ul> <P> Ripley Entertainment produces a range of books featuring unusual facts , news stories and photographs . In 2004 Ripley Entertainment founded Ripley Publishing Ltd , based in the United Kingdom , to publish new Believe It or Not titles . The company produces the New York Times bestselling Ripley 's Believe It or Not ! Annuals , the children 's fiction series Ripley 's RBI , an educational series called the Ripley 's Twists , the Ripley 's Believe It or Not ! Special Edition in conjunc\n\nQuestion:\nwho did ripley's believe it or not\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Robert Ripley" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 2200, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nwho did ripley's believe it or not\n\nDocument:\nte message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> Robert Ripley 's Believe It or Not ( January 12 , 1941 ) <P> Ripley 's Believe It or Not ! is an American franchise , founded by Robert Ripley , which deals in bizarre events and items so strange and unusual that readers might question the claims . Originally a newspaper panel , the Believe It or Not feature proved popular and was later adapted into a wide variety of formats , including radio , television , comic books , a chain of museums , and a book series . </P> <P> The Ripley collection includes 20,000 photographs , 30,000 artifacts and more than 100,000 cartoon panels . With 80 - plus attractions , the Orlando - based Ripley Entertainment , Inc. , a division of the Jim Pattison Group , is a global company with an annual attendance of more than 12 million guests . Ripley Entertainment 's publishing and broadcast divisions oversee numerous projects , including the syndicated TV series , the newspaper cartoon panel , books , posters , and games . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Syndicated feature panel </Li> <Li> 2 Books </Li> <Li> 3 Radio </Li> <Li> 4 Films , television , Internet , and computer game <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Film <Ul> <Li> 4.1. 1 Planned film </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4.2 Television </Li> <Li> 4.3 Internet and games </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Museums <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Asia </Li> <Li> 5.2 Europe <Ul> <Li> 5.2. 1 Denmark </Li> <Li> 5.2. 2 The Netherlands </Li> <Li> 5.2. 3 United Kingdom </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5.3 North America <Ul> <Li> 5.3. 1 Canada </Li> <Li> 5.3. 2 Mexico </Li> <Li> 5.3. 3 United States <Ul> <Li> 5.3. 3.1 California </Li> <Li> 5.3. 3.2 Florida </Li> <Li> 5.3. 3.3 Illinois </Li> <Li> 5.3. 3.4 Maryland </Li> <Li> 5.3. 3.5 Missouri </Li> <Li> 5.3. 3.6 New Jersey </Li> <Li> 5.3. 3.7 New York </Li> <Li> 5.3. 3.8 Oregon </Li> <Li> 5.3. 3.9 South Carolina </Li> <Li> 5.3. 3.10 Tennessee </Li> <Li> 5.3. 3.11 Texas </Li> <Li> 5.3. 3.12 Virginia </Li> <Li> 5.3. 3.13 Wisconsin </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5.4 Oceania <Ul> <Li> 5.4. 1 Australia </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Inaccuracies </Li> <Li> 7 See also </Li> <Li> 8 References </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Syndicated feature panel ( edit ) </H2> <P> Ripley first called his cartoon feature , originally involving sports feats , Champs and Chumps , and it premiered on December 19 , 1918 , in the New York Globe . Ripley began adding items unrelated to sports , and in October 1919 , he changed the title to Believe It or Not . When the Globe folded in 1923 , Ripley moved to the New York Evening Post . That same year , Ripley hired Norbert Pearlroth as his researcher , and Pearlroth spent the next 52 years of his life in the New York Public Library , working ten hours a day and six days a week in order to find unusual facts for Ripley . </P> <P> Other writers and researchers included Lester Byck . In 1930 , Ripley moved to the New York American and was picked up by the King Features Syndicate , being quickly syndicated on an international basis . </P> <P> Those working on the syndicated newspaper panel after Ripley included Joe Campbell ( 1946 -- 1956 ) , Art Sloggatt ( 1917 -- 1975 ) , Clem Gretter ( 1941 -- 1949 ) , Carl Dorese , Bob Clarke ( 1943 -- 1944 ) , Stan Randall , Paul Frehm ( 1938 -- 1978 ; he became the full - time artist in 1949 ) , and his brother Walter Frehm ( 1948 -- 1989 ) ; Walter worked part - time with his brother Paul and became a full - time Ripley artist from 1978 to 1989 . Paul Frehm won the National Cartoonists Society 's Newspaper Panel Cartoon Award for 1976 for his work on the series . Clarke later created parodies of Believe It or Not ! for Mad , as did Wally Wood and Ernie Kovacs , who also did a recurring satire called `` Strangely Believe It ! '' on his TV programs . The current artist is John Graziano and current researcher is Sabrina Sieck . </P> <P> At the peak of its popularity , the syndicated feature was read daily by about 80 million readers , and during the first three weeks of May 1932 alone , Ripley received over two million pieces of fan mail . Dozens of paperback editions reprinting the newspaper panels have been published over the decades . Other strips and books borrowed the Ripley design and format , such as Ralph Graczak 's Our Own Oddities , John Hix 's Strange as it Seems , and Gordon Johnston 's It Happened in Canada . Recent Ripley 's Believe It or Not ! books containing new material have supplemented illustrations with photographs . </P> <P> Peanuts creator Charles M. Schulz 's first publication of artwork was published by Ripley . It was a cartoon claiming his dog was `` a hunting dog who eats pins , tacks , screws , nails and razor blades . '' Schulz 's dog Spike later became the model for Peanuts ' Snoopy . </P> <H2> Books ( edit ) </H2> <P> Some notable books : </P> <Ul> <Li> Believe it or not ! by Ripley The Big Little Book ( 1931 ) </Li> <Li> Ripley 's Believe It or Not ( 1929 ) , reprinted in 2004 </Li> <Li> Ripley 's Mammoth Book of Believe It or Not ( 1955 ) </Li> <Li> Ripley 's Giant Book of Believe It or Not ( 1976 ) </Li> <Li> Ripley 's 35th Anniversary Believe It or Not ( 1954 ) </Li> <Li> Ripley 's 50th Anniversary Believe It or Not ( 1968 ) </Li> <Li> Ripley 's Believe It or Not Special Edition 2012 ( 2011 ) </Li> </Ul> <P> A series of paperback books containing annotated sketches from the newspaper feature : </P> <Ul> <Li> Ripley 's Believe It or Not 1st Series ( 1941 ) </Li> <Li> Ripley 's Believe It or Not 2nd Series ( 1948 ) </Li> <Li> Ripley 's Believe It or Not 3rd Series ( 1954 ) </Li> <Li> Ripley 's Believe It or Not 34th Series ( 1982 ) </Li> </Ul> <P> Ripley Entertainment produces a range of books featuring unusual facts , news stories and photographs . In 2004 Ripley Entertainment founded Ripley Publishing Ltd , based in the United Kingdom , to publish new Believe It or Not titles . The company produces the New York Times bestselling Ripley 's Believe It or Not ! Annuals , the children 's fiction series Ripley 's RBI , an educational series called the Ripley 's Twists , the Ripley 's Believe It or Not ! Special Edition in conjunc\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Robert Ripley" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 2217, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\nRipley 's Believe It or Not ! - Wikipedia <H1> Ripley 's Believe It or Not ! </H1> Jump to : navigation , search `` Believe It or Not '' redirects here . For other uses , see Believe It or Not ( disambiguation ) . <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( March 2018 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> Robert Ripley 's Believe It or Not ( January 12 , 1941 ) <P> Ripley 's Believe It or Not ! is an American franchise , founded by Robert Ripley , which deals in bizarre events and items so strange and unusual that readers might question the claims . Originally a newspaper panel , the Believe It or Not feature proved popular and was later adapted into a wide variety of formats , including radio , television , comic books , a chain of museums , and a book series . </P> <P> The Ripley collection includes 20,000 photographs , 30,000 artifacts and more than 100,000 cartoon panels . With 80 - plus attractions , the Orlando - based Ripley Entertainment , Inc. , a division of the Jim Pattison Group , is a global company with an annual attendance of more than 12 million guests . Ripley Entertainment 's publishing and broadcast divisions oversee numerous projects , including the syndicated TV series , the newspaper cartoon panel , books , posters , and games . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Syndicated feature panel </Li> <Li> 2 Books </Li> <Li> 3 Radio </Li> <Li> 4 Films , television , Internet , and computer game <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Film <Ul> <Li> 4.1. 1 Planned film </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4.2 Television </Li> <Li> 4.3 Internet and games </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Museums <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Asia </Li> <Li> 5.2 Europe <Ul> <Li> 5.2. 1 Denmark </Li> <Li> 5.2. 2 The Netherlands </Li> <Li> 5.2. 3 United Kingdom </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5.3 North America <Ul> <Li> 5.3. 1 Canada </Li> <Li> 5.3. 2 Mexico </Li> <Li> 5.3. 3 United States <Ul> <Li> 5.3. 3.1 California </Li> <Li> 5.3. 3.2 Florida </Li> <Li> 5.3. 3.3 Illinois </Li> <Li> 5.3. 3.4 Maryland </Li> <Li> 5.3. 3.5 Missouri </Li> <Li> 5.3. 3.6 New Jersey </Li> <Li> 5.3. 3.7 New York </Li> <Li> 5.3. 3.8 Oregon </Li> <Li> 5.3. 3.9 South Carolina </Li> <Li> 5.3. 3.10 Tennessee </Li> <Li> 5.3. 3.11 Texas </Li> <Li> 5.3. 3.12 Virginia </Li> <Li> 5.3. 3.13 Wisconsin </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5.4 Oceania <Ul> <Li> 5.4. 1 Australia </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Inaccuracies </Li> <Li> 7 See also </Li> <Li> 8 References </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Syndicated feature panel ( edit ) </H2> <P> Ripley first called his cartoon feature , originally involving sports feats , Champs and Chumps , and it premiered on December 19 , 1918 , in the New York Globe . Ripley began adding items unrelated to sports , and in October 1919 , he changed the title to Believe It or Not . When the Globe folded in 1923 , Ripley moved to the New York Evening Post . That same year , Ripley hired Norbert Pearlroth as his researcher , and Pearlroth spent the next 52 years of his life in the New York Public Library , working ten hours a day and six days a week in order to find unusual facts for Ripley . </P> <P> Other writers and researchers included Lester Byck . In 1930 , Ripley moved to the New York American and was picked up by the King Features Syndicate , being quickly syndicated on an international basis . </P> <P> Those working on the syndicated newspaper panel after Ripley included Joe Campbell ( 1946 -- 1956 ) , Art Sloggatt ( 1917 -- 1975 ) , Clem Gretter ( 1941 -- 1949 ) , Carl Dorese , Bob Clarke ( 1943 -- 1944 ) , Stan Randall , Paul Frehm ( 1938 -- 1978 ; he became the full - time artist in 1949 ) , and his brother Walter Frehm ( 1948 -- 1989 ) ; Walter worked part - time with his brother Paul and became a full - time Ripley artist from 1978 to 1989 . Paul Frehm won the National Cartoonists Society 's Newspaper Panel Cartoon Award for 1976 for his work on the series . Clarke later created parodies of Believe It or Not ! for Mad , as did Wally Wood and Ernie Kovacs , who also did a recurring satire called `` Strangely Believe It ! '' on his TV programs . The current artist is John Graziano and current researcher is Sabrina Sieck . </P> <P> At the peak of its popularity , the syndicated feature was read daily by about 80 million readers , and during the first three weeks of May 1932 alone , Ripley received over two million pieces of fan mail . Dozens of paperback editions reprinting the newspaper panels have been published over the decades . Other strips and books borrowed the Ripley design and format , such as Ralph Graczak 's Our Own Oddities , John Hix 's Strange as it Seems , and Gordon Johnston 's It Happened in Canada . Recent Ripley 's Believe It or Not ! books containing new material have supplemented illustrations with photographs . </P> <P> Peanuts creator Charles M. Schulz 's first publication of artwork was published by Ripley . It was a cartoon claiming his dog was `` a hunting dog who eats pins , tacks , screws , nails and razor blades . '' Schulz 's dog Spike later became the model for Peanuts ' Snoopy . </P> <H2> Books ( edit ) </H2> <P> Some notable books : </P> <Ul> <Li> Believe it or not ! by Ripley The Big Little Book ( 1931 ) </Li> <Li> Ripley 's Believe It or Not ( 1929 ) , reprinted in 2004 </Li> <Li> Ripley 's Mammoth Book of Believe It or Not ( 1955 ) </Li> <Li> Ripley 's Giant Book of Believe It or Not ( 1976 ) </Li> <Li> Ripley 's 35th Anniversary Believe It or Not ( 1954 ) </Li> <Li> Ripley 's 50th Anniversary Believe It or Not ( 1968 ) </Li> <Li> Ripley 's Believe It or Not Special Edition 2012 ( 2011 ) </Li> </Ul> <P> A series of paperback books containing annotated sketches from the newspaper feature : </P> <Ul> <Li> Ripley 's Believe It or Not 1st Series ( 1941 ) </Li> <Li> Ripley 's Believe It or Not 2nd Series ( 1948 ) </Li> <Li> Ripley 's Believe It or Not 3rd Series ( 1954 ) </Li> <Li> Ripley 's Believe It or Not 34th Series ( 1982 ) </Li> </Ul> <P> Rip\n\nQuestion:\nwho did ripley's believe it or not\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Robert Ripley" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 2217, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nwho did ripley's believe it or not\n\nDocument:\nRipley 's Believe It or Not ! - Wikipedia <H1> Ripley 's Believe It or Not ! </H1> Jump to : navigation , search `` Believe It or Not '' redirects here . For other uses , see Believe It or Not ( disambiguation ) . <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( March 2018 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> Robert Ripley 's Believe It or Not ( January 12 , 1941 ) <P> Ripley 's Believe It or Not ! is an American franchise , founded by Robert Ripley , which deals in bizarre events and items so strange and unusual that readers might question the claims . Originally a newspaper panel , the Believe It or Not feature proved popular and was later adapted into a wide variety of formats , including radio , television , comic books , a chain of museums , and a book series . </P> <P> The Ripley collection includes 20,000 photographs , 30,000 artifacts and more than 100,000 cartoon panels . With 80 - plus attractions , the Orlando - based Ripley Entertainment , Inc. , a division of the Jim Pattison Group , is a global company with an annual attendance of more than 12 million guests . Ripley Entertainment 's publishing and broadcast divisions oversee numerous projects , including the syndicated TV series , the newspaper cartoon panel , books , posters , and games . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Syndicated feature panel </Li> <Li> 2 Books </Li> <Li> 3 Radio </Li> <Li> 4 Films , television , Internet , and computer game <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Film <Ul> <Li> 4.1. 1 Planned film </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4.2 Television </Li> <Li> 4.3 Internet and games </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Museums <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Asia </Li> <Li> 5.2 Europe <Ul> <Li> 5.2. 1 Denmark </Li> <Li> 5.2. 2 The Netherlands </Li> <Li> 5.2. 3 United Kingdom </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5.3 North America <Ul> <Li> 5.3. 1 Canada </Li> <Li> 5.3. 2 Mexico </Li> <Li> 5.3. 3 United States <Ul> <Li> 5.3. 3.1 California </Li> <Li> 5.3. 3.2 Florida </Li> <Li> 5.3. 3.3 Illinois </Li> <Li> 5.3. 3.4 Maryland </Li> <Li> 5.3. 3.5 Missouri </Li> <Li> 5.3. 3.6 New Jersey </Li> <Li> 5.3. 3.7 New York </Li> <Li> 5.3. 3.8 Oregon </Li> <Li> 5.3. 3.9 South Carolina </Li> <Li> 5.3. 3.10 Tennessee </Li> <Li> 5.3. 3.11 Texas </Li> <Li> 5.3. 3.12 Virginia </Li> <Li> 5.3. 3.13 Wisconsin </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5.4 Oceania <Ul> <Li> 5.4. 1 Australia </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Inaccuracies </Li> <Li> 7 See also </Li> <Li> 8 References </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Syndicated feature panel ( edit ) </H2> <P> Ripley first called his cartoon feature , originally involving sports feats , Champs and Chumps , and it premiered on December 19 , 1918 , in the New York Globe . Ripley began adding items unrelated to sports , and in October 1919 , he changed the title to Believe It or Not . When the Globe folded in 1923 , Ripley moved to the New York Evening Post . That same year , Ripley hired Norbert Pearlroth as his researcher , and Pearlroth spent the next 52 years of his life in the New York Public Library , working ten hours a day and six days a week in order to find unusual facts for Ripley . </P> <P> Other writers and researchers included Lester Byck . In 1930 , Ripley moved to the New York American and was picked up by the King Features Syndicate , being quickly syndicated on an international basis . </P> <P> Those working on the syndicated newspaper panel after Ripley included Joe Campbell ( 1946 -- 1956 ) , Art Sloggatt ( 1917 -- 1975 ) , Clem Gretter ( 1941 -- 1949 ) , Carl Dorese , Bob Clarke ( 1943 -- 1944 ) , Stan Randall , Paul Frehm ( 1938 -- 1978 ; he became the full - time artist in 1949 ) , and his brother Walter Frehm ( 1948 -- 1989 ) ; Walter worked part - time with his brother Paul and became a full - time Ripley artist from 1978 to 1989 . Paul Frehm won the National Cartoonists Society 's Newspaper Panel Cartoon Award for 1976 for his work on the series . Clarke later created parodies of Believe It or Not ! for Mad , as did Wally Wood and Ernie Kovacs , who also did a recurring satire called `` Strangely Believe It ! '' on his TV programs . The current artist is John Graziano and current researcher is Sabrina Sieck . </P> <P> At the peak of its popularity , the syndicated feature was read daily by about 80 million readers , and during the first three weeks of May 1932 alone , Ripley received over two million pieces of fan mail . Dozens of paperback editions reprinting the newspaper panels have been published over the decades . Other strips and books borrowed the Ripley design and format , such as Ralph Graczak 's Our Own Oddities , John Hix 's Strange as it Seems , and Gordon Johnston 's It Happened in Canada . Recent Ripley 's Believe It or Not ! books containing new material have supplemented illustrations with photographs . </P> <P> Peanuts creator Charles M. Schulz 's first publication of artwork was published by Ripley . It was a cartoon claiming his dog was `` a hunting dog who eats pins , tacks , screws , nails and razor blades . '' Schulz 's dog Spike later became the model for Peanuts ' Snoopy . </P> <H2> Books ( edit ) </H2> <P> Some notable books : </P> <Ul> <Li> Believe it or not ! by Ripley The Big Little Book ( 1931 ) </Li> <Li> Ripley 's Believe It or Not ( 1929 ) , reprinted in 2004 </Li> <Li> Ripley 's Mammoth Book of Believe It or Not ( 1955 ) </Li> <Li> Ripley 's Giant Book of Believe It or Not ( 1976 ) </Li> <Li> Ripley 's 35th Anniversary Believe It or Not ( 1954 ) </Li> <Li> Ripley 's 50th Anniversary Believe It or Not ( 1968 ) </Li> <Li> Ripley 's Believe It or Not Special Edition 2012 ( 2011 ) </Li> </Ul> <P> A series of paperback books containing annotated sketches from the newspaper feature : </P> <Ul> <Li> Ripley 's Believe It or Not 1st Series ( 1941 ) </Li> <Li> Ripley 's Believe It or Not 2nd Series ( 1948 ) </Li> <Li> Ripley 's Believe It or Not 3rd Series ( 1954 ) </Li> <Li> Ripley 's Believe It or Not 34th Series ( 1982 ) </Li> </Ul> <P> Rip\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Robert Ripley" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 2217, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\nRipley 's Believe It or Not ! - Wikipedia <H1> Ripley 's Believe It or Not ! </H1> Jump to : navigation , search `` Believe It or Not '' redirects here . For other uses , see Believe It or Not ( disambiguation ) . <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( March 2018 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> Robert Ripley 's Believe It or Not ( January 12 , 1941 ) <P> Ripley 's Believe It or Not ! is an American franchise , founded by Robert Ripley , which deals in bizarre events and items so strange and unusual that readers might question the claims . Originally a newspaper panel , the Believe It or Not feature proved popular and was later adapted into a wide variety of formats , including radio , television , comic books , a chain of museums , and a book series . </P> <P> The Ripley collection includes 20,000 photographs , 30,000 artifacts and more than 100,000 cartoon panels . With 80 - plus attractions , the Orlando - based Ripley Entertainment , Inc. , a division of the Jim Pattison Group , is a global company with an annual attendance of more than 12 million guests . Ripley Entertainment 's publishing and broadcast divisions oversee numerous projects , including the syndicated TV series , the newspaper cartoon panel , books , posters , and games . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Syndicated feature panel </Li> <Li> 2 Books </Li> <Li> 3 Radio </Li> <Li> 4 Films , television , Internet , and computer game <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Film <Ul> <Li> 4.1. 1 Planned film </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4.2 Television </Li> <Li> 4.3 Internet and games </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Museums <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Asia </Li> <Li> 5.2 Europe <Ul> <Li> 5.2. 1 Denmark </Li> <Li> 5.2. 2 The Netherlands </Li> <Li> 5.2. 3 United Kingdom </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5.3 North America <Ul> <Li> 5.3. 1 Canada </Li> <Li> 5.3. 2 Mexico </Li> <Li> 5.3. 3 United States <Ul> <Li> 5.3. 3.1 California </Li> <Li> 5.3. 3.2 Florida </Li> <Li> 5.3. 3.3 Illinois </Li> <Li> 5.3. 3.4 Maryland </Li> <Li> 5.3. 3.5 Missouri </Li> <Li> 5.3. 3.6 New Jersey </Li> <Li> 5.3. 3.7 New York </Li> <Li> 5.3. 3.8 Oregon </Li> <Li> 5.3. 3.9 South Carolina </Li> <Li> 5.3. 3.10 Tennessee </Li> <Li> 5.3. 3.11 Texas </Li> <Li> 5.3. 3.12 Virginia </Li> <Li> 5.3. 3.13 Wisconsin </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5.4 Oceania <Ul> <Li> 5.4. 1 Australia </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Inaccuracies </Li> <Li> 7 See also </Li> <Li> 8 References </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Syndicated feature panel ( edit ) </H2> <P> Ripley first called his cartoon feature , originally involving sports feats , Champs and Chumps , and it premiered on December 19 , 1918 , in the New York Globe . Ripley began adding items unrelated to sports , and in October 1919 , he changed the title to Believe It or Not . When the Globe folded in 1923 , Ripley moved to the New York Evening Post . That same year , Ripley hired Norbert Pearlroth as his researcher , and Pearlroth spent the next 52 years of his life in the New York Public Library , working ten hours a day and six days a week in order to find unusual facts for Ripley . </P> <P> Other writers and researchers included Lester Byck . In 1930 , Ripley moved to the New York American and was picked up by the King Features Syndicate , being quickly syndicated on an international basis . </P> <P> Those working on the syndicated newspaper panel after Ripley included Joe Campbell ( 1946 -- 1956 ) , Art Sloggatt ( 1917 -- 1975 ) , Clem Gretter ( 1941 -- 1949 ) , Carl Dorese , Bob Clarke ( 1943 -- 1944 ) , Stan Randall , Paul Frehm ( 1938 -- 1978 ; he became the full - time artist in 1949 ) , and his brother Walter Frehm ( 1948 -- 1989 ) ; Walter worked part - time with his brother Paul and became a full - time Ripley artist from 1978 to 1989 . Paul Frehm won the National Cartoonists Society 's Newspaper Panel Cartoon Award for 1976 for his work on the series . Clarke later created parodies of Believe It or Not ! for Mad , as did Wally Wood and Ernie Kovacs , who also did a recurring satire called `` Strangely Believe It ! '' on his TV programs . The current artist is John Graziano and current researcher is Sabrina Sieck . </P> <P> At the peak of its popularity , the syndicated feature was read daily by about 80 million readers , and during the first three weeks of May 1932 alone , Ripley received over two million pieces of fan mail . Dozens of paperback editions reprinting the newspaper panels have been published over the decades . Other strips and books borrowed the Ripley design and format , such as Ralph Graczak 's Our Own Oddities , John Hix 's Strange as it Seems , and Gordon Johnston 's It Happened in Canada . Recent Ripley 's Believe It or Not ! books containing new material have supplemented illustrations with photographs . </P> <P> Peanuts creator Charles M. Schulz 's first publication of artwork was published by Ripley . It was a cartoon claiming his dog was `` a hunting dog who eats pins , tacks , screws , nails and razor blades . '' Schulz 's dog Spike later became the model for Peanuts ' Snoopy . </P> <H2> Books ( edit ) </H2> <P> Some notable books : </P> <Ul> <Li> Believe it or not ! by Ripley The Big Little Book ( 1931 ) </Li> <Li> Ripley 's Believe It or Not ( 1929 ) , reprinted in 2004 </Li> <Li> Ripley 's Mammoth Book of Believe It or Not ( 1955 ) </Li> <Li> Ripley 's Giant Book of Believe It or Not ( 1976 ) </Li> <Li> Ripley 's 35th Anniversary Believe It or Not ( 1954 ) </Li> <Li> Ripley 's 50th Anniversary Believe It or Not ( 1968 ) </Li> <Li> Ripley 's Believe It or Not Special Edition 2012 ( 2011 ) </Li> </Ul> <P> A series of paperback books containing annotated sketches from the newspaper feature : </P> <Ul> <Li> Ripley 's Believe It or Not 1st Series ( 1941 ) </Li> <Li> Ripley 's Believe It or Not 2nd Series ( 1948 ) </Li> <Li> Ripley 's Believe It or Not 3rd Series ( 1954 ) </Li> <Li> Ripley 's Believe It or Not 34th Series ( 1982 ) </Li> </Ul> <P> Rip\n\nQuestion:\nwho did ripley's believe it or not\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Robert Ripley" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 2217, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nwho did ripley's believe it or not\n\nDocument:\nRipley 's Believe It or Not ! - Wikipedia <H1> Ripley 's Believe It or Not ! </H1> Jump to : navigation , search `` Believe It or Not '' redirects here . For other uses , see Believe It or Not ( disambiguation ) . <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( March 2018 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> Robert Ripley 's Believe It or Not ( January 12 , 1941 ) <P> Ripley 's Believe It or Not ! is an American franchise , founded by Robert Ripley , which deals in bizarre events and items so strange and unusual that readers might question the claims . Originally a newspaper panel , the Believe It or Not feature proved popular and was later adapted into a wide variety of formats , including radio , television , comic books , a chain of museums , and a book series . </P> <P> The Ripley collection includes 20,000 photographs , 30,000 artifacts and more than 100,000 cartoon panels . With 80 - plus attractions , the Orlando - based Ripley Entertainment , Inc. , a division of the Jim Pattison Group , is a global company with an annual attendance of more than 12 million guests . Ripley Entertainment 's publishing and broadcast divisions oversee numerous projects , including the syndicated TV series , the newspaper cartoon panel , books , posters , and games . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Syndicated feature panel </Li> <Li> 2 Books </Li> <Li> 3 Radio </Li> <Li> 4 Films , television , Internet , and computer game <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Film <Ul> <Li> 4.1. 1 Planned film </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4.2 Television </Li> <Li> 4.3 Internet and games </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Museums <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Asia </Li> <Li> 5.2 Europe <Ul> <Li> 5.2. 1 Denmark </Li> <Li> 5.2. 2 The Netherlands </Li> <Li> 5.2. 3 United Kingdom </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5.3 North America <Ul> <Li> 5.3. 1 Canada </Li> <Li> 5.3. 2 Mexico </Li> <Li> 5.3. 3 United States <Ul> <Li> 5.3. 3.1 California </Li> <Li> 5.3. 3.2 Florida </Li> <Li> 5.3. 3.3 Illinois </Li> <Li> 5.3. 3.4 Maryland </Li> <Li> 5.3. 3.5 Missouri </Li> <Li> 5.3. 3.6 New Jersey </Li> <Li> 5.3. 3.7 New York </Li> <Li> 5.3. 3.8 Oregon </Li> <Li> 5.3. 3.9 South Carolina </Li> <Li> 5.3. 3.10 Tennessee </Li> <Li> 5.3. 3.11 Texas </Li> <Li> 5.3. 3.12 Virginia </Li> <Li> 5.3. 3.13 Wisconsin </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5.4 Oceania <Ul> <Li> 5.4. 1 Australia </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Inaccuracies </Li> <Li> 7 See also </Li> <Li> 8 References </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Syndicated feature panel ( edit ) </H2> <P> Ripley first called his cartoon feature , originally involving sports feats , Champs and Chumps , and it premiered on December 19 , 1918 , in the New York Globe . Ripley began adding items unrelated to sports , and in October 1919 , he changed the title to Believe It or Not . When the Globe folded in 1923 , Ripley moved to the New York Evening Post . That same year , Ripley hired Norbert Pearlroth as his researcher , and Pearlroth spent the next 52 years of his life in the New York Public Library , working ten hours a day and six days a week in order to find unusual facts for Ripley . </P> <P> Other writers and researchers included Lester Byck . In 1930 , Ripley moved to the New York American and was picked up by the King Features Syndicate , being quickly syndicated on an international basis . </P> <P> Those working on the syndicated newspaper panel after Ripley included Joe Campbell ( 1946 -- 1956 ) , Art Sloggatt ( 1917 -- 1975 ) , Clem Gretter ( 1941 -- 1949 ) , Carl Dorese , Bob Clarke ( 1943 -- 1944 ) , Stan Randall , Paul Frehm ( 1938 -- 1978 ; he became the full - time artist in 1949 ) , and his brother Walter Frehm ( 1948 -- 1989 ) ; Walter worked part - time with his brother Paul and became a full - time Ripley artist from 1978 to 1989 . Paul Frehm won the National Cartoonists Society 's Newspaper Panel Cartoon Award for 1976 for his work on the series . Clarke later created parodies of Believe It or Not ! for Mad , as did Wally Wood and Ernie Kovacs , who also did a recurring satire called `` Strangely Believe It ! '' on his TV programs . The current artist is John Graziano and current researcher is Sabrina Sieck . </P> <P> At the peak of its popularity , the syndicated feature was read daily by about 80 million readers , and during the first three weeks of May 1932 alone , Ripley received over two million pieces of fan mail . Dozens of paperback editions reprinting the newspaper panels have been published over the decades . Other strips and books borrowed the Ripley design and format , such as Ralph Graczak 's Our Own Oddities , John Hix 's Strange as it Seems , and Gordon Johnston 's It Happened in Canada . Recent Ripley 's Believe It or Not ! books containing new material have supplemented illustrations with photographs . </P> <P> Peanuts creator Charles M. Schulz 's first publication of artwork was published by Ripley . It was a cartoon claiming his dog was `` a hunting dog who eats pins , tacks , screws , nails and razor blades . '' Schulz 's dog Spike later became the model for Peanuts ' Snoopy . </P> <H2> Books ( edit ) </H2> <P> Some notable books : </P> <Ul> <Li> Believe it or not ! by Ripley The Big Little Book ( 1931 ) </Li> <Li> Ripley 's Believe It or Not ( 1929 ) , reprinted in 2004 </Li> <Li> Ripley 's Mammoth Book of Believe It or Not ( 1955 ) </Li> <Li> Ripley 's Giant Book of Believe It or Not ( 1976 ) </Li> <Li> Ripley 's 35th Anniversary Believe It or Not ( 1954 ) </Li> <Li> Ripley 's 50th Anniversary Believe It or Not ( 1968 ) </Li> <Li> Ripley 's Believe It or Not Special Edition 2012 ( 2011 ) </Li> </Ul> <P> A series of paperback books containing annotated sketches from the newspaper feature : </P> <Ul> <Li> Ripley 's Believe It or Not 1st Series ( 1941 ) </Li> <Li> Ripley 's Believe It or Not 2nd Series ( 1948 ) </Li> <Li> Ripley 's Believe It or Not 3rd Series ( 1954 ) </Li> <Li> Ripley 's Believe It or Not 34th Series ( 1982 ) </Li> </Ul> <P> Rip\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Robert Ripley" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1620, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\n television network news program , which occurred on the November 9 , 1975 broadcast . </P> <P> The program has been hosted by 12 different moderators to date , beginning with creator Martha Rountree . The show 's moderator since 2014 is Chuck Todd , who also serves as political director for NBC News . </P> <P> Currently , the hour - long program airs in most markets on Sundays at 9 : 00 a.m. live in the Eastern Time Zone and on tape delay elsewhere . Meet the Press is also occasionally pre-empted due to network coverage of sports events held outside the U.S. The program is also rebroadcast on Sundays at 2 : 00 p.m. , and Mondays at 2 : 00 a.m. and sometimes 4 : 00 a.m. Eastern Time on MSNBC , whose audio feed is also simulcast on Sirius / XM Satellite Radio . The program is also syndicated by Westwood One to various radio stations around the United States , as well as on C - SPAN Radio as part of its replays of the Sunday morning talk shows . </P> <H2> Contents </H2> <Ul> <Li> 1 Format </Li> <Li> 2 History <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Under Russert <Ul> <Li> 2.1. 1 Guest moderators </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2.2 After Russert <Ul> <Li> 2.2. 1 Interim Brokaw era </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2.3 Under Gregory </Li> <Li> 2.4 Transition to Todd <Ul> <Li> 2.4. 1 MTP Daily </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2.5 High - definition broadcasting </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Moderators <Ul> <Li> 3.1 On - remote broadcasts ( outside D.C. studios ) </Li> <Li> 3.2 Notable guests and events </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Distribution </Li> <Li> 5 See also </Li> <Li> 6 References and footnotes </Li> <Li> 7 External links </Li> </Ul> <H2> Format ( edit ) </H2> <P> The program 's format consists of an extended one - on - one interview with the host , and is sometimes followed by a roundtable discussion or one - on - two interview with figures in adversarial positions , either Congressional members from opposite sides of the aisle or political commentators . Originally a half - hour program for most of its history , the show expanded to 60 minutes starting with the September 20 , 1992 , broadcast . </P> <P> The program also features in - depth examinations of facts behind political and general news stories ( particularly as part of a segment called the `` Data Download '' , introduced after Chuck Todd assumed duties as moderator , which is conducted on a touchscreen within the main set ) . </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> Meet the Press set , November 1975 . On this broadcast , a sitting American president ( Gerald Ford ) was , for the first time , a guest on a live television network news program . <P> Meet the Press began on radio on the Mutual Broadcasting System in 1945 as American Mercury Presents : Meet the Press , a program to promote The American Mercury , a magazine that Lawrence E. Spivak purchased in 1935 . Before the program aired , Spivak asked journalist Martha Rountree , who had worked in radio and had been employed by Spivak as a roving editor for the magazine , to critique the plans for the new radio show . Based on her advice , Rountree created a new radio program that she called The American Mercury , on October 5 , 1945 . </P> <P> On November 6 , 1947 , while still on the Mutual Broadcasting System , the television rights to the program were purchased by General Foods which began to air the show on the NBC television network with the title shortened to simply Meet the Press ; the radio version also adopted the new name . Although some sources credit Spivak with the program 's creation , Rountree developed the idea on her own , and Spivak joined as co-producer and business partner in the enterprise after the show had already debuted . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section , in the next two paragraphs , needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( September 2014 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Meet the Press was originally presented as a 30 - minute press conference with a single guest and a panel of questioners . Its first guest was James Farley , who served as Postmaster General , Democratic National Committee chairman and campaign manager to Franklin Delano Roosevelt under the first two terms of the New Deal Administration . Creator Rountree served as its first host , the program 's only female moderator to date . She stepped down on November 1 , 1953 , and was succeeded by Ned Brooks , who remained as moderator until his retirement on December 26 , 1965 . Spivak became the moderator on January 1 , 1966 , moving up from his role as a permanent panelist . He retired on November 9 , 1975 , on a special one - hour edition that featured , for the first time , a sitting president , Gerald Ford , as guest . The next week , Bill Monroe , previously a weekly panelist like Spivak had been years before , took over as moderator and stayed until June 2 , 1984 . </P> <P> For the next seven and a half years , the program then went through a series of hosts as it struggled in the ratings against ABC 's This Week with David Brinkley . Roger Mudd and Marvin Kalb , as co-moderators , followed Monroe for a year , followed by Chris Wallace ( who would later to go on to a much longer run as host of the rival program Fox News Sunday ) from 1987 to 1988 . Garrick Utley , then hosting Weekend Today , concurrently hosted Meet the Press from 1989 through December 1 , 1991 . All this occurred despite the increasing ratings of NBC News ' other programs ( and those of the network generally ) during that period . The program originally aired at\n\nQuestion:\nwho was the first host of meet the press\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Martha Rountree" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1620, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nwho was the first host of meet the press\n\nDocument:\n television network news program , which occurred on the November 9 , 1975 broadcast . </P> <P> The program has been hosted by 12 different moderators to date , beginning with creator Martha Rountree . The show 's moderator since 2014 is Chuck Todd , who also serves as political director for NBC News . </P> <P> Currently , the hour - long program airs in most markets on Sundays at 9 : 00 a.m. live in the Eastern Time Zone and on tape delay elsewhere . Meet the Press is also occasionally pre-empted due to network coverage of sports events held outside the U.S. The program is also rebroadcast on Sundays at 2 : 00 p.m. , and Mondays at 2 : 00 a.m. and sometimes 4 : 00 a.m. Eastern Time on MSNBC , whose audio feed is also simulcast on Sirius / XM Satellite Radio . The program is also syndicated by Westwood One to various radio stations around the United States , as well as on C - SPAN Radio as part of its replays of the Sunday morning talk shows . </P> <H2> Contents </H2> <Ul> <Li> 1 Format </Li> <Li> 2 History <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Under Russert <Ul> <Li> 2.1. 1 Guest moderators </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2.2 After Russert <Ul> <Li> 2.2. 1 Interim Brokaw era </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2.3 Under Gregory </Li> <Li> 2.4 Transition to Todd <Ul> <Li> 2.4. 1 MTP Daily </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2.5 High - definition broadcasting </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Moderators <Ul> <Li> 3.1 On - remote broadcasts ( outside D.C. studios ) </Li> <Li> 3.2 Notable guests and events </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Distribution </Li> <Li> 5 See also </Li> <Li> 6 References and footnotes </Li> <Li> 7 External links </Li> </Ul> <H2> Format ( edit ) </H2> <P> The program 's format consists of an extended one - on - one interview with the host , and is sometimes followed by a roundtable discussion or one - on - two interview with figures in adversarial positions , either Congressional members from opposite sides of the aisle or political commentators . Originally a half - hour program for most of its history , the show expanded to 60 minutes starting with the September 20 , 1992 , broadcast . </P> <P> The program also features in - depth examinations of facts behind political and general news stories ( particularly as part of a segment called the `` Data Download '' , introduced after Chuck Todd assumed duties as moderator , which is conducted on a touchscreen within the main set ) . </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> Meet the Press set , November 1975 . On this broadcast , a sitting American president ( Gerald Ford ) was , for the first time , a guest on a live television network news program . <P> Meet the Press began on radio on the Mutual Broadcasting System in 1945 as American Mercury Presents : Meet the Press , a program to promote The American Mercury , a magazine that Lawrence E. Spivak purchased in 1935 . Before the program aired , Spivak asked journalist Martha Rountree , who had worked in radio and had been employed by Spivak as a roving editor for the magazine , to critique the plans for the new radio show . Based on her advice , Rountree created a new radio program that she called The American Mercury , on October 5 , 1945 . </P> <P> On November 6 , 1947 , while still on the Mutual Broadcasting System , the television rights to the program were purchased by General Foods which began to air the show on the NBC television network with the title shortened to simply Meet the Press ; the radio version also adopted the new name . Although some sources credit Spivak with the program 's creation , Rountree developed the idea on her own , and Spivak joined as co-producer and business partner in the enterprise after the show had already debuted . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section , in the next two paragraphs , needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( September 2014 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Meet the Press was originally presented as a 30 - minute press conference with a single guest and a panel of questioners . Its first guest was James Farley , who served as Postmaster General , Democratic National Committee chairman and campaign manager to Franklin Delano Roosevelt under the first two terms of the New Deal Administration . Creator Rountree served as its first host , the program 's only female moderator to date . She stepped down on November 1 , 1953 , and was succeeded by Ned Brooks , who remained as moderator until his retirement on December 26 , 1965 . Spivak became the moderator on January 1 , 1966 , moving up from his role as a permanent panelist . He retired on November 9 , 1975 , on a special one - hour edition that featured , for the first time , a sitting president , Gerald Ford , as guest . The next week , Bill Monroe , previously a weekly panelist like Spivak had been years before , took over as moderator and stayed until June 2 , 1984 . </P> <P> For the next seven and a half years , the program then went through a series of hosts as it struggled in the ratings against ABC 's This Week with David Brinkley . Roger Mudd and Marvin Kalb , as co-moderators , followed Monroe for a year , followed by Chris Wallace ( who would later to go on to a much longer run as host of the rival program Fox News Sunday ) from 1987 to 1988 . Garrick Utley , then hosting Weekend Today , concurrently hosted Meet the Press from 1989 through December 1 , 1991 . All this occurred despite the increasing ratings of NBC News ' other programs ( and those of the network generally ) during that period . The program originally aired at\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Martha Rountree" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1700, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\nNBC News Productions </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Release </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original network </Th> <Td> NBC </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Picture format </Th> <Td> 480i ( 4 : 3 SDTV ) ( 1947 -- 2010 ) 720p ( 4 : 3 SDTV ) ( 1996 -- 2010 ) 1080i ( 16 : 9 HDTV ) ( 2010 -- present ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original release </Th> <Td> November 6 , 1947 ( 1947 - 11 - 06 ) -- present </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> External links </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> Website </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Meet the Press is a weekly American television news / interview program broadcast on NBC . It is the longest - running program in television history , though the current format bears little resemblance to the debut episode on November 6 , 1947 . Meet the Press specializes in interviews with leaders in Washington , D.C. , across the country and even the world on issues of politics , economics , foreign policy and other public affairs , along with panel discussions that provide opinions and analysis . It originates from NBC 's bureau in Washington , D.C. </P> <P> The longevity of Meet the Press can be illustrated in consideration of the fact that the program debuted during what was only the second official `` network television season '' for American television . One historical landmark of the program is that it was the first on which a sitting U.S. President , Gerald Ford , appeared on a live television network news program , which occurred on the November 9 , 1975 broadcast . </P> <P> The program has been hosted by 12 different moderators to date , beginning with creator Martha Rountree . The show 's moderator since 2014 is Chuck Todd , who also serves as political director for NBC News . </P> <P> Currently , the hour - long program airs in most markets on Sundays at 9 : 00 a.m. live in the Eastern Time Zone and on tape delay elsewhere . Meet the Press is also occasionally pre-empted due to network coverage of sports events held outside the U.S. The program is also rebroadcast on Sundays at 2 : 00 p.m. , and Mondays at 2 : 00 a.m. and sometimes 4 : 00 a.m. Eastern Time on MSNBC , whose audio feed is also simulcast on Sirius / XM Satellite Radio . The program is also syndicated by Westwood One to various radio stations around the United States , as well as on C - SPAN Radio as part of its replays of the Sunday morning talk shows . </P> <H2> Contents </H2> <Ul> <Li> 1 Format </Li> <Li> 2 History <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Under Russert <Ul> <Li> 2.1. 1 Guest moderators </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2.2 After Russert <Ul> <Li> 2.2. 1 Interim Brokaw era </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2.3 Under Gregory </Li> <Li> 2.4 Transition to Todd <Ul> <Li> 2.4. 1 MTP Daily </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2.5 High - definition broadcasting </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Moderators <Ul> <Li> 3.1 On - remote broadcasts ( outside D.C. studios ) </Li> <Li> 3.2 Notable guests and events </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Distribution </Li> <Li> 5 See also </Li> <Li> 6 References and footnotes </Li> <Li> 7 External links </Li> </Ul> <H2> Format ( edit ) </H2> <P> The program 's format consists of an extended one - on - one interview with the host , and is sometimes followed by a roundtable discussion or one - on - two interview with figures in adversarial positions , either Congressional members from opposite sides of the aisle or political commentators . Originally a half - hour program for most of its history , the show expanded to 60 minutes starting with the September 20 , 1992 , broadcast . </P> <P> The program also features in - depth examinations of facts behind political and general news stories ( particularly as part of a segment called the `` Data Download '' , introduced after Chuck Todd assumed duties as moderator , which is conducted on a touchscreen within the main set ) . </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> Meet the Press set , November 1975 . On this broadcast , a sitting American president ( Gerald Ford ) was , for the first time , a guest on a live television network news program . <P> Meet the Press began on radio on the Mutual Broadcasting System in 1945 as American Mercury Presents : Meet the Press , a program to promote The American Mercury , a magazine that Lawrence E. Spivak purchased in 1935 . Before the program aired , Spivak asked journalist Martha Rountree , who had worked in radio and had been employed by Spivak as a roving editor for the magazine , to critique the plans for the new radio show . Based on her advice , Rountree created a new radio program that she called The American Mercury , on October 5 , 1945 . </P> <P> On November 6 , 1947 , while still on the Mutual Broadcasting System , the television rights to the program were purchased by General Foods which began to air the show on the NBC television network with the title shortened to simply Meet the Press ; the radio version also adopted the new name . Although some sources credit Spivak with the program 's creation , Rountree developed the idea on her own , and Spivak joined as co-producer and business partner in the enterprise after the show had already debuted . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section , in the next two paragraphs , needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( September 2014 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Meet the Press was originally presented as a 30 - minute press conference with a single guest and a panel of questioners . Its first guest was James Farley , who served as Postmaster General , Democratic National Committee chairman and campaign manager to F\n\nQuestion:\nwho was the first host of meet the press\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Martha Rountree" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1700, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nwho was the first host of meet the press\n\nDocument:\nNBC News Productions </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Release </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original network </Th> <Td> NBC </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Picture format </Th> <Td> 480i ( 4 : 3 SDTV ) ( 1947 -- 2010 ) 720p ( 4 : 3 SDTV ) ( 1996 -- 2010 ) 1080i ( 16 : 9 HDTV ) ( 2010 -- present ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original release </Th> <Td> November 6 , 1947 ( 1947 - 11 - 06 ) -- present </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> External links </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> Website </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Meet the Press is a weekly American television news / interview program broadcast on NBC . It is the longest - running program in television history , though the current format bears little resemblance to the debut episode on November 6 , 1947 . Meet the Press specializes in interviews with leaders in Washington , D.C. , across the country and even the world on issues of politics , economics , foreign policy and other public affairs , along with panel discussions that provide opinions and analysis . It originates from NBC 's bureau in Washington , D.C. </P> <P> The longevity of Meet the Press can be illustrated in consideration of the fact that the program debuted during what was only the second official `` network television season '' for American television . One historical landmark of the program is that it was the first on which a sitting U.S. President , Gerald Ford , appeared on a live television network news program , which occurred on the November 9 , 1975 broadcast . </P> <P> The program has been hosted by 12 different moderators to date , beginning with creator Martha Rountree . The show 's moderator since 2014 is Chuck Todd , who also serves as political director for NBC News . </P> <P> Currently , the hour - long program airs in most markets on Sundays at 9 : 00 a.m. live in the Eastern Time Zone and on tape delay elsewhere . Meet the Press is also occasionally pre-empted due to network coverage of sports events held outside the U.S. The program is also rebroadcast on Sundays at 2 : 00 p.m. , and Mondays at 2 : 00 a.m. and sometimes 4 : 00 a.m. Eastern Time on MSNBC , whose audio feed is also simulcast on Sirius / XM Satellite Radio . The program is also syndicated by Westwood One to various radio stations around the United States , as well as on C - SPAN Radio as part of its replays of the Sunday morning talk shows . </P> <H2> Contents </H2> <Ul> <Li> 1 Format </Li> <Li> 2 History <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Under Russert <Ul> <Li> 2.1. 1 Guest moderators </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2.2 After Russert <Ul> <Li> 2.2. 1 Interim Brokaw era </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2.3 Under Gregory </Li> <Li> 2.4 Transition to Todd <Ul> <Li> 2.4. 1 MTP Daily </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2.5 High - definition broadcasting </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Moderators <Ul> <Li> 3.1 On - remote broadcasts ( outside D.C. studios ) </Li> <Li> 3.2 Notable guests and events </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Distribution </Li> <Li> 5 See also </Li> <Li> 6 References and footnotes </Li> <Li> 7 External links </Li> </Ul> <H2> Format ( edit ) </H2> <P> The program 's format consists of an extended one - on - one interview with the host , and is sometimes followed by a roundtable discussion or one - on - two interview with figures in adversarial positions , either Congressional members from opposite sides of the aisle or political commentators . Originally a half - hour program for most of its history , the show expanded to 60 minutes starting with the September 20 , 1992 , broadcast . </P> <P> The program also features in - depth examinations of facts behind political and general news stories ( particularly as part of a segment called the `` Data Download '' , introduced after Chuck Todd assumed duties as moderator , which is conducted on a touchscreen within the main set ) . </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> Meet the Press set , November 1975 . On this broadcast , a sitting American president ( Gerald Ford ) was , for the first time , a guest on a live television network news program . <P> Meet the Press began on radio on the Mutual Broadcasting System in 1945 as American Mercury Presents : Meet the Press , a program to promote The American Mercury , a magazine that Lawrence E. Spivak purchased in 1935 . Before the program aired , Spivak asked journalist Martha Rountree , who had worked in radio and had been employed by Spivak as a roving editor for the magazine , to critique the plans for the new radio show . Based on her advice , Rountree created a new radio program that she called The American Mercury , on October 5 , 1945 . </P> <P> On November 6 , 1947 , while still on the Mutual Broadcasting System , the television rights to the program were purchased by General Foods which began to air the show on the NBC television network with the title shortened to simply Meet the Press ; the radio version also adopted the new name . Although some sources credit Spivak with the program 's creation , Rountree developed the idea on her own , and Spivak joined as co-producer and business partner in the enterprise after the show had already debuted . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section , in the next two paragraphs , needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( September 2014 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Meet the Press was originally presented as a 30 - minute press conference with a single guest and a panel of questioners . Its first guest was James Farley , who served as Postmaster General , Democratic National Committee chairman and campaign manager to F\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Martha Rountree" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1947, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\nMeet the Press - Wikipedia <H1> Meet the Press </H1> This article is about the American public affairs program . For the Australian program , see Meet the Press ( Australian TV program ) . <Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Meet the Press </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Also known as </Th> <Td> Meet the Press with Chuck Todd </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Public affairs / news analysis program </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Created by </Th> <Td> Martha Rountree Lawrence E. Spivak </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Directed by </Th> <Td> Rob Melick </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Presented by </Th> <Td> Chuck Todd ( for past moderators , see section ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Narrated by </Th> <Td> Fred Facey Bert Pence Dennis Haysbert </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Theme music composer </Th> <Td> John Williams </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Opening theme </Th> <Td> `` The Pulse of Events '' ( fourth part of The Mission ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country of origin </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original language ( s ) </Th> <Td> English </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of seasons </Th> <Td> 70 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of episodes </Th> <Td> 3,600 + ( weekly ) ( as of 2017 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Production </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Executive producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> John Reiss </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Production location ( s ) </Th> <Td> NBC News Washington Bureau , Washington , D.C. </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Camera setup </Th> <Td> Multi-camera </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Running time </Th> <Td> 30 minutes ( 1947 -- 1992 ) 52 minutes ( 1992 -- present ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Production company ( s ) </Th> <Td> NBC News Productions </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Release </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original network </Th> <Td> NBC </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Picture format </Th> <Td> 480i ( 4 : 3 SDTV ) ( 1947 -- 2010 ) 720p ( 4 : 3 SDTV ) ( 1996 -- 2010 ) 1080i ( 16 : 9 HDTV ) ( 2010 -- present ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original release </Th> <Td> November 6 , 1947 ( 1947 - 11 - 06 ) -- present </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> External links </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> Website </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Meet the Press is a weekly American television news / interview program broadcast on NBC . It is the longest - running program in television history , though the current format bears little resemblance to the debut episode on November 6 , 1947 . Meet the Press specializes in interviews with leaders in Washington , D.C. , across the country and even the world on issues of politics , economics , foreign policy and other public affairs , along with panel discussions that provide opinions and analysis . It originates from NBC 's bureau in Washington , D.C. </P> <P> The longevity of Meet the Press can be illustrated in consideration of the fact that the program debuted during what was only the second official `` network television season '' for American television . One historical landmark of the program is that it was the first on which a sitting U.S. President , Gerald Ford , appeared on a live television network news program , which occurred on the November 9 , 1975 broadcast . </P> <P> The program has been hosted by 12 different moderators to date , beginning with creator Martha Rountree . The show 's moderator since 2014 is Chuck Todd , who also serves as political director for NBC News . </P> <P> Currently , the hour - long program airs in most markets on Sundays at 9 : 00 a.m. live in the Eastern Time Zone and on tape delay elsewhere . Meet the Press is also occasionally pre-empted due to network coverage of sports events held outside the U.S. The program is also rebroadcast on Sundays at 2 : 00 p.m. , and Mondays at 2 : 00 a.m. and sometimes 4 : 00 a.m. Eastern Time on MSNBC , whose audio feed is also simulcast on Sirius / XM Satellite Radio . The program is also syndicated by Westwood One to various radio stations around the United States , as well as on C - SPAN Radio as part of its replays of the Sunday morning talk shows . </P> <H2> Contents </H2> <Ul> <Li> 1 Format </Li> <Li> 2 History <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Under Russert <Ul> <Li> 2.1. 1 Guest moderators </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2.2 After Russert <Ul> <Li> 2.2. 1 Interim Brokaw era </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2.3 Under Gregory </Li> <Li> 2.4 Transition to Todd <Ul> <Li> 2.4. 1 MTP Daily </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2.5 High - definition broadcasting </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Moderators <Ul> <Li> 3.1 On - remote broadcasts ( outside D.C. studios ) </Li> <Li> 3.2 Notable guests and events </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Distribution </Li> <Li> 5 See also </Li> <Li> 6 References and footnotes </Li> <Li> 7 External links </Li> </Ul> <H2> Format ( edit ) </H2> <P> The program 's format consists of an extended one - on - one interview with the host , and is sometimes followed by a roundtable discussion or one - on - two interview with figures in adversarial positions , either Congressional members from opposite sides of the aisle or political commentators . Originally a half - hour program for most of its history , the show expanded to 60 minutes starting with the September 20 , 1992 , broadcast . </P> <P> The program also features in - depth examinations of facts behind political and general news stories ( particularly as part of a segment called the `` Data Download '' , introduced after Chuck Todd assumed duties as moderator , which is conducted on a touchscreen within the main set ) . </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> Meet the Press set , November 1975 . On this broadcast , a sitting American president ( Gerald Ford ) was , for the first time , a guest on a live television network news program . <P> Meet the Press began on radio on the Mutual Broadcasting Syste\n\nQuestion:\nwho was the first host of meet the press\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Martha Rountree" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1947, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nwho was the first host of meet the press\n\nDocument:\nMeet the Press - Wikipedia <H1> Meet the Press </H1> This article is about the American public affairs program . For the Australian program , see Meet the Press ( Australian TV program ) . <Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Meet the Press </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Also known as </Th> <Td> Meet the Press with Chuck Todd </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Public affairs / news analysis program </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Created by </Th> <Td> Martha Rountree Lawrence E. Spivak </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Directed by </Th> <Td> Rob Melick </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Presented by </Th> <Td> Chuck Todd ( for past moderators , see section ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Narrated by </Th> <Td> Fred Facey Bert Pence Dennis Haysbert </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Theme music composer </Th> <Td> John Williams </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Opening theme </Th> <Td> `` The Pulse of Events '' ( fourth part of The Mission ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country of origin </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original language ( s ) </Th> <Td> English </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of seasons </Th> <Td> 70 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of episodes </Th> <Td> 3,600 + ( weekly ) ( as of 2017 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Production </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Executive producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> John Reiss </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Production location ( s ) </Th> <Td> NBC News Washington Bureau , Washington , D.C. </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Camera setup </Th> <Td> Multi-camera </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Running time </Th> <Td> 30 minutes ( 1947 -- 1992 ) 52 minutes ( 1992 -- present ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Production company ( s ) </Th> <Td> NBC News Productions </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Release </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original network </Th> <Td> NBC </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Picture format </Th> <Td> 480i ( 4 : 3 SDTV ) ( 1947 -- 2010 ) 720p ( 4 : 3 SDTV ) ( 1996 -- 2010 ) 1080i ( 16 : 9 HDTV ) ( 2010 -- present ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original release </Th> <Td> November 6 , 1947 ( 1947 - 11 - 06 ) -- present </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> External links </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> Website </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Meet the Press is a weekly American television news / interview program broadcast on NBC . It is the longest - running program in television history , though the current format bears little resemblance to the debut episode on November 6 , 1947 . Meet the Press specializes in interviews with leaders in Washington , D.C. , across the country and even the world on issues of politics , economics , foreign policy and other public affairs , along with panel discussions that provide opinions and analysis . It originates from NBC 's bureau in Washington , D.C. </P> <P> The longevity of Meet the Press can be illustrated in consideration of the fact that the program debuted during what was only the second official `` network television season '' for American television . One historical landmark of the program is that it was the first on which a sitting U.S. President , Gerald Ford , appeared on a live television network news program , which occurred on the November 9 , 1975 broadcast . </P> <P> The program has been hosted by 12 different moderators to date , beginning with creator Martha Rountree . The show 's moderator since 2014 is Chuck Todd , who also serves as political director for NBC News . </P> <P> Currently , the hour - long program airs in most markets on Sundays at 9 : 00 a.m. live in the Eastern Time Zone and on tape delay elsewhere . Meet the Press is also occasionally pre-empted due to network coverage of sports events held outside the U.S. The program is also rebroadcast on Sundays at 2 : 00 p.m. , and Mondays at 2 : 00 a.m. and sometimes 4 : 00 a.m. Eastern Time on MSNBC , whose audio feed is also simulcast on Sirius / XM Satellite Radio . The program is also syndicated by Westwood One to various radio stations around the United States , as well as on C - SPAN Radio as part of its replays of the Sunday morning talk shows . </P> <H2> Contents </H2> <Ul> <Li> 1 Format </Li> <Li> 2 History <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Under Russert <Ul> <Li> 2.1. 1 Guest moderators </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2.2 After Russert <Ul> <Li> 2.2. 1 Interim Brokaw era </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2.3 Under Gregory </Li> <Li> 2.4 Transition to Todd <Ul> <Li> 2.4. 1 MTP Daily </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2.5 High - definition broadcasting </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Moderators <Ul> <Li> 3.1 On - remote broadcasts ( outside D.C. studios ) </Li> <Li> 3.2 Notable guests and events </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Distribution </Li> <Li> 5 See also </Li> <Li> 6 References and footnotes </Li> <Li> 7 External links </Li> </Ul> <H2> Format ( edit ) </H2> <P> The program 's format consists of an extended one - on - one interview with the host , and is sometimes followed by a roundtable discussion or one - on - two interview with figures in adversarial positions , either Congressional members from opposite sides of the aisle or political commentators . Originally a half - hour program for most of its history , the show expanded to 60 minutes starting with the September 20 , 1992 , broadcast . </P> <P> The program also features in - depth examinations of facts behind political and general news stories ( particularly as part of a segment called the `` Data Download '' , introduced after Chuck Todd assumed duties as moderator , which is conducted on a touchscreen within the main set ) . </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> Meet the Press set , November 1975 . On this broadcast , a sitting American president ( Gerald Ford ) was , for the first time , a guest on a live television network news program . <P> Meet the Press began on radio on the Mutual Broadcasting Syste\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Martha Rountree" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1747, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\nter sanctioned in a proclamation written by McConnell and signed by Secretary General U Thant at the United Nations . A month later a separate Earth Day was founded by United States Senator Gaylord Nelson as an environmental teach - in first held on April 22 , 1970 . Nelson was later awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom award in recognition of his work . While this April 22 Earth Day was focused on the United States , an organization launched by Denis Hayes , who was the original national coordinator in 1970 , took it international in 1990 and organized events in 141 nations . </P> <P> Numerous communities celebrate Earth Week , an entire week of activities focused on the environmental issues that the world faces . In 2017 , the March for Science occurred on Earth Day ( April 22 , 2017 ) and was followed by the People 's Climate Mobilization ( April 29 , 2017 ) . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Santa Barbara Oil Blowout 1969 </Li> <Li> 2 Santa Barbara 's Environmental Rights Day 1970 </Li> <Li> 3 Earth Day 1970 <Ul> <Li> 3.1 New York City </Li> <Li> 3.2 Philadelphia </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Earth Day 1990 </Li> <Li> 5 Earth Day 2000 </Li> <Li> 6 Subsequent Earth Day events </Li> <Li> 7 The Earth Day name </Li> <Li> 8 Earth Day Canada </Li> <Li> 9 History of the Equinox Earth Day ( March 20 ) </Li> <Li> 10 April 22 observances <Ul> <Li> 10.1 Growing eco-activism before Earth Day 1970 </Li> <Li> 10.2 Significance of April 22 </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 11 Earth Day songs </Li> <Li> 12 See also </Li> <Li> 13 References </Li> <Li> 14 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Santa Barbara oil blowout 1969 </H2> Main article : 1969 Santa Barbara oil spill <P> On January 28 , 1969 , a well drilled by Union Oil Platform A off the coast of Santa Barbara , California , blew out . More than three million gallons of oil spewed , killing over 10,000 seabirds , dolphins , seals , and sea lions . As a reaction to this natural disaster , activists were mobilized to create environmental regulation , environmental education , and Earth Day . Among the proponents of Earth Day were the people in the front lines of fighting this disaster , Selma Rubin , Marc McGinnes , and Bud Bottoms , founder of Get Oil Out . According to Kate Wheeling , Denis Hayes told her that Senator Gaylord Nelson from Wisconsin saw the Santa Barbara Channel 800 square - mile oil slick from an airplane , which gave him the impetus to organize Earth Day . </P> <H2> Santa Barbara 's environmental Rights Day 1970 </H2> <P> On the first anniversary of the oil blowout , January 28 , 1970 , Environmental Rights Day is celebrated , where the Declaration of Environmental Rights is read . It had been written by Rod Nash during a boat trip across the Santa Barbara Channel while carrying a copy of Thomas Jefferson 's Declaration of Independence . The organizers of Environmental Rights Day , led by Marc McGinnes , had been working closely over a period of several months with Congressman Pete McCloskey ( R - CA ) to consult on the creation of the National Environmental Policy Act , the first of many new environmental protection laws sparked by the national outcry about the blowout / oil spill and on the Declaration of Environmental Rights . Both McCloskey ( Earth Day co-chair with Senator Gaylord Nelson ) and Earth Day organizer Denis Hayes , along with Senator Alan Cranston , Paul Ehrlich , David Brower and other prominent leaders , endorsed the Declaration and spoke about it at the Environmental Rights Day conference . According to Francis Sarguis , `` the conference was sort of like the baptism for the movement . '' Nash , Garrett Hardin , McGinnes and others went on to develop the first undergraduate Environmental Studies program of its kind at the University of California at Santa Barbara . </P> <H2> Earth Day 1970 </H2> President Richard Nixon and First Lady Pat Nixon plant a tree on the White House South Lawn to recognize the first Earth Day . <P> The first Earth Day celebrations took place in two thousand colleges and universities , roughly ten thousand primary and secondary schools , and hundreds of communities across the United States . More importantly , it `` brought 20 million Americans out into the spring sunshine for peaceful demonstrations in favor of environmental reform . '' It now is observed in 192 countries , and coordinated by the nonprofit Earth Day Network , chaired by the first Earth Day 1970 organizer Denis Hayes , according to whom Earth Day is now `` the largest secular holiday in the world , celebrated by more than a billion people every year . '' Walt Kelly created an anti-pollution poster featuring his comic strip character Pogo with the quotation `` We have met the enemy and he is us '' to promote the 1970 Earth Day . Environmental groups have sought to make Earth Day into a day of action to change human behavior and provoke policy changes . </P> <H3> New York city </H3> <P> In the winter of 1969 -- 1970 , a group of students met at Columbia University to hear Denis Hayes talk about his plans for Earth Day . Among the group were Fred Kent , Pete Grannis , and Kristin and William Hubbard . This group agreed to head up the New York City activities within the national movement . Fred Kent took the lead in renting an office and recruiting volunteers . `` The big break came when Mayor Lindsay agreed to shut down Fifth Avenue for the event . A giant cheer went up in the office on that day , '' according to Kristin Hubbard ( now Kristin Alexandre ) . ' From that time on we used Mayor Lindsay 's offices and even his staff . I was Speaker Coordinator but had tremendous help from Lindsay staffer Judith Crichton . '' </P> U.S. Senator Edmund Muskie speaking at Fairmount Park , Philadelphia on Earth Day , 1970 <P> In addition to shutting down Fifth Avenue , Mayor John Lindsay made Central Park available for Earth Day . In Union Square , New York Times estimated crowds of up to 20,000 people at any given time and , perhaps , as many as over 100,000 over the course of the day . Since Manhattan was also the home of NBC , CBS , ABC , The New York Times , Time , and Newsweek , it provided the best possible anchor for national coverage from their reporters throughout the country . </P> <H3> Ph\n\nQuestion:\nwhen did the first international earth day occur\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "1990" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1747, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nwhen did the first international earth day occur\n\nDocument:\nter sanctioned in a proclamation written by McConnell and signed by Secretary General U Thant at the United Nations . A month later a separate Earth Day was founded by United States Senator Gaylord Nelson as an environmental teach - in first held on April 22 , 1970 . Nelson was later awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom award in recognition of his work . While this April 22 Earth Day was focused on the United States , an organization launched by Denis Hayes , who was the original national coordinator in 1970 , took it international in 1990 and organized events in 141 nations . </P> <P> Numerous communities celebrate Earth Week , an entire week of activities focused on the environmental issues that the world faces . In 2017 , the March for Science occurred on Earth Day ( April 22 , 2017 ) and was followed by the People 's Climate Mobilization ( April 29 , 2017 ) . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Santa Barbara Oil Blowout 1969 </Li> <Li> 2 Santa Barbara 's Environmental Rights Day 1970 </Li> <Li> 3 Earth Day 1970 <Ul> <Li> 3.1 New York City </Li> <Li> 3.2 Philadelphia </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Earth Day 1990 </Li> <Li> 5 Earth Day 2000 </Li> <Li> 6 Subsequent Earth Day events </Li> <Li> 7 The Earth Day name </Li> <Li> 8 Earth Day Canada </Li> <Li> 9 History of the Equinox Earth Day ( March 20 ) </Li> <Li> 10 April 22 observances <Ul> <Li> 10.1 Growing eco-activism before Earth Day 1970 </Li> <Li> 10.2 Significance of April 22 </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 11 Earth Day songs </Li> <Li> 12 See also </Li> <Li> 13 References </Li> <Li> 14 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Santa Barbara oil blowout 1969 </H2> Main article : 1969 Santa Barbara oil spill <P> On January 28 , 1969 , a well drilled by Union Oil Platform A off the coast of Santa Barbara , California , blew out . More than three million gallons of oil spewed , killing over 10,000 seabirds , dolphins , seals , and sea lions . As a reaction to this natural disaster , activists were mobilized to create environmental regulation , environmental education , and Earth Day . Among the proponents of Earth Day were the people in the front lines of fighting this disaster , Selma Rubin , Marc McGinnes , and Bud Bottoms , founder of Get Oil Out . According to Kate Wheeling , Denis Hayes told her that Senator Gaylord Nelson from Wisconsin saw the Santa Barbara Channel 800 square - mile oil slick from an airplane , which gave him the impetus to organize Earth Day . </P> <H2> Santa Barbara 's environmental Rights Day 1970 </H2> <P> On the first anniversary of the oil blowout , January 28 , 1970 , Environmental Rights Day is celebrated , where the Declaration of Environmental Rights is read . It had been written by Rod Nash during a boat trip across the Santa Barbara Channel while carrying a copy of Thomas Jefferson 's Declaration of Independence . The organizers of Environmental Rights Day , led by Marc McGinnes , had been working closely over a period of several months with Congressman Pete McCloskey ( R - CA ) to consult on the creation of the National Environmental Policy Act , the first of many new environmental protection laws sparked by the national outcry about the blowout / oil spill and on the Declaration of Environmental Rights . Both McCloskey ( Earth Day co-chair with Senator Gaylord Nelson ) and Earth Day organizer Denis Hayes , along with Senator Alan Cranston , Paul Ehrlich , David Brower and other prominent leaders , endorsed the Declaration and spoke about it at the Environmental Rights Day conference . According to Francis Sarguis , `` the conference was sort of like the baptism for the movement . '' Nash , Garrett Hardin , McGinnes and others went on to develop the first undergraduate Environmental Studies program of its kind at the University of California at Santa Barbara . </P> <H2> Earth Day 1970 </H2> President Richard Nixon and First Lady Pat Nixon plant a tree on the White House South Lawn to recognize the first Earth Day . <P> The first Earth Day celebrations took place in two thousand colleges and universities , roughly ten thousand primary and secondary schools , and hundreds of communities across the United States . More importantly , it `` brought 20 million Americans out into the spring sunshine for peaceful demonstrations in favor of environmental reform . '' It now is observed in 192 countries , and coordinated by the nonprofit Earth Day Network , chaired by the first Earth Day 1970 organizer Denis Hayes , according to whom Earth Day is now `` the largest secular holiday in the world , celebrated by more than a billion people every year . '' Walt Kelly created an anti-pollution poster featuring his comic strip character Pogo with the quotation `` We have met the enemy and he is us '' to promote the 1970 Earth Day . Environmental groups have sought to make Earth Day into a day of action to change human behavior and provoke policy changes . </P> <H3> New York city </H3> <P> In the winter of 1969 -- 1970 , a group of students met at Columbia University to hear Denis Hayes talk about his plans for Earth Day . Among the group were Fred Kent , Pete Grannis , and Kristin and William Hubbard . This group agreed to head up the New York City activities within the national movement . Fred Kent took the lead in renting an office and recruiting volunteers . `` The big break came when Mayor Lindsay agreed to shut down Fifth Avenue for the event . A giant cheer went up in the office on that day , '' according to Kristin Hubbard ( now Kristin Alexandre ) . ' From that time on we used Mayor Lindsay 's offices and even his staff . I was Speaker Coordinator but had tremendous help from Lindsay staffer Judith Crichton . '' </P> U.S. Senator Edmund Muskie speaking at Fairmount Park , Philadelphia on Earth Day , 1970 <P> In addition to shutting down Fifth Avenue , Mayor John Lindsay made Central Park available for Earth Day . In Union Square , New York Times estimated crowds of up to 20,000 people at any given time and , perhaps , as many as over 100,000 over the course of the day . Since Manhattan was also the home of NBC , CBS , ABC , The New York Times , Time , and Newsweek , it provided the best possible anchor for national coverage from their reporters throughout the country . </P> <H3> Ph\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "1990" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1829, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\n- wikipedia <H1> Earth Day </H1> Jump to : navigation , search Not to be confused with the electricity switch off called Earth Hour , celebrated in March . <Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Earth Day </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> Unofficial Earth Day Flag created by John McConnell . The Ecology Flag was also used . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Significance </Th> <Td> support for environmental protection </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Begins </Th> <Td> 1970 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Date </Th> <Td> April 22 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Next time </Th> <Td> 22 April 2019 ( 2019 - 04 - 22 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Frequency </Th> <Td> annual </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Earth Day is an annual event celebrated on April 22 . Worldwide , various events are held to demonstrate support for environmental protection . First celebrated in 1970 , Earth Day events in more than 193 countries are now coordinated globally by the Earth Day Network . </P> <P> On Earth Day 2016 , the landmark Paris Agreement was signed by the United States , China , and some 120 other countries . This signing satisfied a key requirement for the entry into force of the historic draft climate protection treaty adopted by consensus of the 195 nations present at the 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Paris . </P> <P> In 1969 at a UNESCO Conference in San Francisco , peace activist John McConnell proposed a day to honor the Earth and the concept of peace , to first be celebrated on March 21 , 1970 , the first day of spring in the northern hemisphere . This day of nature 's equipoise was later sanctioned in a proclamation written by McConnell and signed by Secretary General U Thant at the United Nations . A month later a separate Earth Day was founded by United States Senator Gaylord Nelson as an environmental teach - in first held on April 22 , 1970 . Nelson was later awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom award in recognition of his work . While this April 22 Earth Day was focused on the United States , an organization launched by Denis Hayes , who was the original national coordinator in 1970 , took it international in 1990 and organized events in 141 nations . </P> <P> Numerous communities celebrate Earth Week , an entire week of activities focused on the environmental issues that the world faces . In 2017 , the March for Science occurred on Earth Day ( April 22 , 2017 ) and was followed by the People 's Climate Mobilization ( April 29 , 2017 ) . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Santa Barbara Oil Blowout 1969 </Li> <Li> 2 Santa Barbara 's Environmental Rights Day 1970 </Li> <Li> 3 Earth Day 1970 <Ul> <Li> 3.1 New York City </Li> <Li> 3.2 Philadelphia </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Earth Day 1990 </Li> <Li> 5 Earth Day 2000 </Li> <Li> 6 Subsequent Earth Day events </Li> <Li> 7 The Earth Day name </Li> <Li> 8 Earth Day Canada </Li> <Li> 9 History of the Equinox Earth Day ( March 20 ) </Li> <Li> 10 April 22 observances <Ul> <Li> 10.1 Growing eco-activism before Earth Day 1970 </Li> <Li> 10.2 Significance of April 22 </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 11 Earth Day songs </Li> <Li> 12 See also </Li> <Li> 13 References </Li> <Li> 14 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Santa Barbara oil blowout 1969 </H2> Main article : 1969 Santa Barbara oil spill <P> On January 28 , 1969 , a well drilled by Union Oil Platform A off the coast of Santa Barbara , California , blew out . More than three million gallons of oil spewed , killing over 10,000 seabirds , dolphins , seals , and sea lions . As a reaction to this natural disaster , activists were mobilized to create environmental regulation , environmental education , and Earth Day . Among the proponents of Earth Day were the people in the front lines of fighting this disaster , Selma Rubin , Marc McGinnes , and Bud Bottoms , founder of Get Oil Out . According to Kate Wheeling , Denis Hayes told her that Senator Gaylord Nelson from Wisconsin saw the Santa Barbara Channel 800 square - mile oil slick from an airplane , which gave him the impetus to organize Earth Day . </P> <H2> Santa Barbara 's environmental Rights Day 1970 </H2> <P> On the first anniversary of the oil blowout , January 28 , 1970 , Environmental Rights Day is celebrated , where the Declaration of Environmental Rights is read . It had been written by Rod Nash during a boat trip across the Santa Barbara Channel while carrying a copy of Thomas Jefferson 's Declaration of Independence . The organizers of Environmental Rights Day , led by Marc McGinnes , had been working closely over a period of several months with Congressman Pete McCloskey ( R - CA ) to consult on the creation of the National Environmental Policy Act , the first of many new environmental protection laws sparked by the national outcry about the blowout / oil spill and on the Declaration of Environmental Rights . Both McCloskey ( Earth Day co-chair with Senator Gaylord Nelson ) and Earth Day organizer Denis Hayes , along with Senator Alan Cranston , Paul Ehrlich , David Brower and other prominent leaders , endorsed the Declaration and spoke about it at the Environmental Rights Day conference . According to Francis Sarguis , `` the conference was sort of like the baptism for the movement . '' Nash , Garrett Hardin , McGinnes and others went on to develop the first undergraduate Environmental Studies program of its kind at the University of California at Santa Barbara . </P> <H2> Earth Day 1970 </H2> President Richard Nixon and First Lady Pat Nixon plant a tree on the White House South Lawn to recognize the first Earth Day . <P> The first Earth Day celebrations took place in two thousand colleges and universities , roughly ten thousand primary and secondary schools , and hundreds of communities across the United States . More importantly , it `` brought 20 million Americans out into the spring sunshine for peaceful demonstrations in favor of environmental reform . '' It now is observed in 192 countries , and coordinated by the nonprofit Earth Day Network , chaired by the first Earth Day 1970 organizer Denis Hayes , according to whom Earth Day is now `` the largest secular holiday in the world , celebrated by more than a billion people every year . '' Walt Kelly created an anti-pollution poster featuring his comic strip character Pogo with the quotation `` \n\nQuestion:\nwhen did the first international earth day occur\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "1990" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1829, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nwhen did the first international earth day occur\n\nDocument:\n- wikipedia <H1> Earth Day </H1> Jump to : navigation , search Not to be confused with the electricity switch off called Earth Hour , celebrated in March . <Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Earth Day </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> Unofficial Earth Day Flag created by John McConnell . The Ecology Flag was also used . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Significance </Th> <Td> support for environmental protection </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Begins </Th> <Td> 1970 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Date </Th> <Td> April 22 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Next time </Th> <Td> 22 April 2019 ( 2019 - 04 - 22 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Frequency </Th> <Td> annual </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Earth Day is an annual event celebrated on April 22 . Worldwide , various events are held to demonstrate support for environmental protection . First celebrated in 1970 , Earth Day events in more than 193 countries are now coordinated globally by the Earth Day Network . </P> <P> On Earth Day 2016 , the landmark Paris Agreement was signed by the United States , China , and some 120 other countries . This signing satisfied a key requirement for the entry into force of the historic draft climate protection treaty adopted by consensus of the 195 nations present at the 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Paris . </P> <P> In 1969 at a UNESCO Conference in San Francisco , peace activist John McConnell proposed a day to honor the Earth and the concept of peace , to first be celebrated on March 21 , 1970 , the first day of spring in the northern hemisphere . This day of nature 's equipoise was later sanctioned in a proclamation written by McConnell and signed by Secretary General U Thant at the United Nations . A month later a separate Earth Day was founded by United States Senator Gaylord Nelson as an environmental teach - in first held on April 22 , 1970 . Nelson was later awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom award in recognition of his work . While this April 22 Earth Day was focused on the United States , an organization launched by Denis Hayes , who was the original national coordinator in 1970 , took it international in 1990 and organized events in 141 nations . </P> <P> Numerous communities celebrate Earth Week , an entire week of activities focused on the environmental issues that the world faces . In 2017 , the March for Science occurred on Earth Day ( April 22 , 2017 ) and was followed by the People 's Climate Mobilization ( April 29 , 2017 ) . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Santa Barbara Oil Blowout 1969 </Li> <Li> 2 Santa Barbara 's Environmental Rights Day 1970 </Li> <Li> 3 Earth Day 1970 <Ul> <Li> 3.1 New York City </Li> <Li> 3.2 Philadelphia </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Earth Day 1990 </Li> <Li> 5 Earth Day 2000 </Li> <Li> 6 Subsequent Earth Day events </Li> <Li> 7 The Earth Day name </Li> <Li> 8 Earth Day Canada </Li> <Li> 9 History of the Equinox Earth Day ( March 20 ) </Li> <Li> 10 April 22 observances <Ul> <Li> 10.1 Growing eco-activism before Earth Day 1970 </Li> <Li> 10.2 Significance of April 22 </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 11 Earth Day songs </Li> <Li> 12 See also </Li> <Li> 13 References </Li> <Li> 14 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Santa Barbara oil blowout 1969 </H2> Main article : 1969 Santa Barbara oil spill <P> On January 28 , 1969 , a well drilled by Union Oil Platform A off the coast of Santa Barbara , California , blew out . More than three million gallons of oil spewed , killing over 10,000 seabirds , dolphins , seals , and sea lions . As a reaction to this natural disaster , activists were mobilized to create environmental regulation , environmental education , and Earth Day . Among the proponents of Earth Day were the people in the front lines of fighting this disaster , Selma Rubin , Marc McGinnes , and Bud Bottoms , founder of Get Oil Out . According to Kate Wheeling , Denis Hayes told her that Senator Gaylord Nelson from Wisconsin saw the Santa Barbara Channel 800 square - mile oil slick from an airplane , which gave him the impetus to organize Earth Day . </P> <H2> Santa Barbara 's environmental Rights Day 1970 </H2> <P> On the first anniversary of the oil blowout , January 28 , 1970 , Environmental Rights Day is celebrated , where the Declaration of Environmental Rights is read . It had been written by Rod Nash during a boat trip across the Santa Barbara Channel while carrying a copy of Thomas Jefferson 's Declaration of Independence . The organizers of Environmental Rights Day , led by Marc McGinnes , had been working closely over a period of several months with Congressman Pete McCloskey ( R - CA ) to consult on the creation of the National Environmental Policy Act , the first of many new environmental protection laws sparked by the national outcry about the blowout / oil spill and on the Declaration of Environmental Rights . Both McCloskey ( Earth Day co-chair with Senator Gaylord Nelson ) and Earth Day organizer Denis Hayes , along with Senator Alan Cranston , Paul Ehrlich , David Brower and other prominent leaders , endorsed the Declaration and spoke about it at the Environmental Rights Day conference . According to Francis Sarguis , `` the conference was sort of like the baptism for the movement . '' Nash , Garrett Hardin , McGinnes and others went on to develop the first undergraduate Environmental Studies program of its kind at the University of California at Santa Barbara . </P> <H2> Earth Day 1970 </H2> President Richard Nixon and First Lady Pat Nixon plant a tree on the White House South Lawn to recognize the first Earth Day . <P> The first Earth Day celebrations took place in two thousand colleges and universities , roughly ten thousand primary and secondary schools , and hundreds of communities across the United States . More importantly , it `` brought 20 million Americans out into the spring sunshine for peaceful demonstrations in favor of environmental reform . '' It now is observed in 192 countries , and coordinated by the nonprofit Earth Day Network , chaired by the first Earth Day 1970 organizer Denis Hayes , according to whom Earth Day is now `` the largest secular holiday in the world , celebrated by more than a billion people every year . '' Walt Kelly created an anti-pollution poster featuring his comic strip character Pogo with the quotation `` \n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "1990" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1830, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\nEarth Day - wikipedia <H1> Earth Day </H1> Jump to : navigation , search Not to be confused with the electricity switch off called Earth Hour , celebrated in March . <Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Earth Day </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> Unofficial Earth Day Flag created by John McConnell . The Ecology Flag was also used . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Significance </Th> <Td> support for environmental protection </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Begins </Th> <Td> 1970 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Date </Th> <Td> April 22 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Next time </Th> <Td> 22 April 2019 ( 2019 - 04 - 22 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Frequency </Th> <Td> annual </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Earth Day is an annual event celebrated on April 22 . Worldwide , various events are held to demonstrate support for environmental protection . First celebrated in 1970 , Earth Day events in more than 193 countries are now coordinated globally by the Earth Day Network . </P> <P> On Earth Day 2016 , the landmark Paris Agreement was signed by the United States , China , and some 120 other countries . This signing satisfied a key requirement for the entry into force of the historic draft climate protection treaty adopted by consensus of the 195 nations present at the 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Paris . </P> <P> In 1969 at a UNESCO Conference in San Francisco , peace activist John McConnell proposed a day to honor the Earth and the concept of peace , to first be celebrated on March 21 , 1970 , the first day of spring in the northern hemisphere . This day of nature 's equipoise was later sanctioned in a proclamation written by McConnell and signed by Secretary General U Thant at the United Nations . A month later a separate Earth Day was founded by United States Senator Gaylord Nelson as an environmental teach - in first held on April 22 , 1970 . Nelson was later awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom award in recognition of his work . While this April 22 Earth Day was focused on the United States , an organization launched by Denis Hayes , who was the original national coordinator in 1970 , took it international in 1990 and organized events in 141 nations . </P> <P> Numerous communities celebrate Earth Week , an entire week of activities focused on the environmental issues that the world faces . In 2017 , the March for Science occurred on Earth Day ( April 22 , 2017 ) and was followed by the People 's Climate Mobilization ( April 29 , 2017 ) . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Santa Barbara Oil Blowout 1969 </Li> <Li> 2 Santa Barbara 's Environmental Rights Day 1970 </Li> <Li> 3 Earth Day 1970 <Ul> <Li> 3.1 New York City </Li> <Li> 3.2 Philadelphia </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Earth Day 1990 </Li> <Li> 5 Earth Day 2000 </Li> <Li> 6 Subsequent Earth Day events </Li> <Li> 7 The Earth Day name </Li> <Li> 8 Earth Day Canada </Li> <Li> 9 History of the Equinox Earth Day ( March 20 ) </Li> <Li> 10 April 22 observances <Ul> <Li> 10.1 Growing eco-activism before Earth Day 1970 </Li> <Li> 10.2 Significance of April 22 </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 11 Earth Day songs </Li> <Li> 12 See also </Li> <Li> 13 References </Li> <Li> 14 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Santa Barbara oil blowout 1969 </H2> Main article : 1969 Santa Barbara oil spill <P> On January 28 , 1969 , a well drilled by Union Oil Platform A off the coast of Santa Barbara , California , blew out . More than three million gallons of oil spewed , killing over 10,000 seabirds , dolphins , seals , and sea lions . As a reaction to this natural disaster , activists were mobilized to create environmental regulation , environmental education , and Earth Day . Among the proponents of Earth Day were the people in the front lines of fighting this disaster , Selma Rubin , Marc McGinnes , and Bud Bottoms , founder of Get Oil Out . According to Kate Wheeling , Denis Hayes told her that Senator Gaylord Nelson from Wisconsin saw the Santa Barbara Channel 800 square - mile oil slick from an airplane , which gave him the impetus to organize Earth Day . </P> <H2> Santa Barbara 's environmental Rights Day 1970 </H2> <P> On the first anniversary of the oil blowout , January 28 , 1970 , Environmental Rights Day is celebrated , where the Declaration of Environmental Rights is read . It had been written by Rod Nash during a boat trip across the Santa Barbara Channel while carrying a copy of Thomas Jefferson 's Declaration of Independence . The organizers of Environmental Rights Day , led by Marc McGinnes , had been working closely over a period of several months with Congressman Pete McCloskey ( R - CA ) to consult on the creation of the National Environmental Policy Act , the first of many new environmental protection laws sparked by the national outcry about the blowout / oil spill and on the Declaration of Environmental Rights . Both McCloskey ( Earth Day co-chair with Senator Gaylord Nelson ) and Earth Day organizer Denis Hayes , along with Senator Alan Cranston , Paul Ehrlich , David Brower and other prominent leaders , endorsed the Declaration and spoke about it at the Environmental Rights Day conference . According to Francis Sarguis , `` the conference was sort of like the baptism for the movement . '' Nash , Garrett Hardin , McGinnes and others went on to develop the first undergraduate Environmental Studies program of its kind at the University of California at Santa Barbara . </P> <H2> Earth Day 1970 </H2> President Richard Nixon and First Lady Pat Nixon plant a tree on the White House South Lawn to recognize the first Earth Day . <P> The first Earth Day celebrations took place in two thousand colleges and universities , roughly ten thousand primary and secondary schools , and hundreds of communities across the United States . More importantly , it `` brought 20 million Americans out into the spring sunshine for peaceful demonstrations in favor of environmental reform . '' It now is observed in 192 countries , and coordinated by the nonprofit Earth Day Network , chaired by the first Earth Day 1970 organizer Denis Hayes , according to whom Earth Day is now `` the largest secular holiday in the world , celebrated by more than a billion people every year . '' Walt Kelly created an anti-pollution poster featuring his comic strip character Pogo with the quo\n\nQuestion:\nwhen did the first international earth day occur\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "1990" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1830, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nwhen did the first international earth day occur\n\nDocument:\nEarth Day - wikipedia <H1> Earth Day </H1> Jump to : navigation , search Not to be confused with the electricity switch off called Earth Hour , celebrated in March . <Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Earth Day </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> Unofficial Earth Day Flag created by John McConnell . The Ecology Flag was also used . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Significance </Th> <Td> support for environmental protection </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Begins </Th> <Td> 1970 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Date </Th> <Td> April 22 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Next time </Th> <Td> 22 April 2019 ( 2019 - 04 - 22 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Frequency </Th> <Td> annual </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Earth Day is an annual event celebrated on April 22 . Worldwide , various events are held to demonstrate support for environmental protection . First celebrated in 1970 , Earth Day events in more than 193 countries are now coordinated globally by the Earth Day Network . </P> <P> On Earth Day 2016 , the landmark Paris Agreement was signed by the United States , China , and some 120 other countries . This signing satisfied a key requirement for the entry into force of the historic draft climate protection treaty adopted by consensus of the 195 nations present at the 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Paris . </P> <P> In 1969 at a UNESCO Conference in San Francisco , peace activist John McConnell proposed a day to honor the Earth and the concept of peace , to first be celebrated on March 21 , 1970 , the first day of spring in the northern hemisphere . This day of nature 's equipoise was later sanctioned in a proclamation written by McConnell and signed by Secretary General U Thant at the United Nations . A month later a separate Earth Day was founded by United States Senator Gaylord Nelson as an environmental teach - in first held on April 22 , 1970 . Nelson was later awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom award in recognition of his work . While this April 22 Earth Day was focused on the United States , an organization launched by Denis Hayes , who was the original national coordinator in 1970 , took it international in 1990 and organized events in 141 nations . </P> <P> Numerous communities celebrate Earth Week , an entire week of activities focused on the environmental issues that the world faces . In 2017 , the March for Science occurred on Earth Day ( April 22 , 2017 ) and was followed by the People 's Climate Mobilization ( April 29 , 2017 ) . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Santa Barbara Oil Blowout 1969 </Li> <Li> 2 Santa Barbara 's Environmental Rights Day 1970 </Li> <Li> 3 Earth Day 1970 <Ul> <Li> 3.1 New York City </Li> <Li> 3.2 Philadelphia </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Earth Day 1990 </Li> <Li> 5 Earth Day 2000 </Li> <Li> 6 Subsequent Earth Day events </Li> <Li> 7 The Earth Day name </Li> <Li> 8 Earth Day Canada </Li> <Li> 9 History of the Equinox Earth Day ( March 20 ) </Li> <Li> 10 April 22 observances <Ul> <Li> 10.1 Growing eco-activism before Earth Day 1970 </Li> <Li> 10.2 Significance of April 22 </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 11 Earth Day songs </Li> <Li> 12 See also </Li> <Li> 13 References </Li> <Li> 14 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Santa Barbara oil blowout 1969 </H2> Main article : 1969 Santa Barbara oil spill <P> On January 28 , 1969 , a well drilled by Union Oil Platform A off the coast of Santa Barbara , California , blew out . More than three million gallons of oil spewed , killing over 10,000 seabirds , dolphins , seals , and sea lions . As a reaction to this natural disaster , activists were mobilized to create environmental regulation , environmental education , and Earth Day . Among the proponents of Earth Day were the people in the front lines of fighting this disaster , Selma Rubin , Marc McGinnes , and Bud Bottoms , founder of Get Oil Out . According to Kate Wheeling , Denis Hayes told her that Senator Gaylord Nelson from Wisconsin saw the Santa Barbara Channel 800 square - mile oil slick from an airplane , which gave him the impetus to organize Earth Day . </P> <H2> Santa Barbara 's environmental Rights Day 1970 </H2> <P> On the first anniversary of the oil blowout , January 28 , 1970 , Environmental Rights Day is celebrated , where the Declaration of Environmental Rights is read . It had been written by Rod Nash during a boat trip across the Santa Barbara Channel while carrying a copy of Thomas Jefferson 's Declaration of Independence . The organizers of Environmental Rights Day , led by Marc McGinnes , had been working closely over a period of several months with Congressman Pete McCloskey ( R - CA ) to consult on the creation of the National Environmental Policy Act , the first of many new environmental protection laws sparked by the national outcry about the blowout / oil spill and on the Declaration of Environmental Rights . Both McCloskey ( Earth Day co-chair with Senator Gaylord Nelson ) and Earth Day organizer Denis Hayes , along with Senator Alan Cranston , Paul Ehrlich , David Brower and other prominent leaders , endorsed the Declaration and spoke about it at the Environmental Rights Day conference . According to Francis Sarguis , `` the conference was sort of like the baptism for the movement . '' Nash , Garrett Hardin , McGinnes and others went on to develop the first undergraduate Environmental Studies program of its kind at the University of California at Santa Barbara . </P> <H2> Earth Day 1970 </H2> President Richard Nixon and First Lady Pat Nixon plant a tree on the White House South Lawn to recognize the first Earth Day . <P> The first Earth Day celebrations took place in two thousand colleges and universities , roughly ten thousand primary and secondary schools , and hundreds of communities across the United States . More importantly , it `` brought 20 million Americans out into the spring sunshine for peaceful demonstrations in favor of environmental reform . '' It now is observed in 192 countries , and coordinated by the nonprofit Earth Day Network , chaired by the first Earth Day 1970 organizer Denis Hayes , according to whom Earth Day is now `` the largest secular holiday in the world , celebrated by more than a billion people every year . '' Walt Kelly created an anti-pollution poster featuring his comic strip character Pogo with the quo\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "1990" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1635, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\nfrom the eponymous 1999 James Bond film , performed by American - Scottish alternative rock band Garbage . The song was written by composer David Arnold ( who also scored the film ) and lyricist Don Black , previously responsible for four other Bond songs , and was produced by Garbage and Arnold . `` The World Is Not Enough '' was composed in the style of the series ' title songs , in contrast with the post-modern production and genre - hopping of Garbage 's first two albums . The group recorded most of `` The World Is Not Enough '' while touring Europe in support of their album Version 2.0 , telephoning Arnold as he recorded the orchestral backing in London before travelling to England . Garbage later finished recording and mixing the song at Armoury Studios in Canada . The lyrics reflect the film 's plot ( told from the viewpoint of antagonist Elektra King ) , with themes of world domination and seduction . </P> <P> The song and its accompanying soundtrack were released internationally by Radioactive Records when the film premiered worldwide at the end of November 1999 . `` The World Is Not Enough '' was praised by reviewers ; it reached the top forty of ten singles charts and the top ten of four . It was included on the James Bond compilation The Best of Bond ... James Bond and Garbage 's greatest hits album , Absolute Garbage . </P> <H2> Contents </H2> <Ul> <Li> 1 Development <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Background </Li> <Li> 1.2 Composition </Li> <Li> 1.3 Recording </Li> <Li> 1.4 Copyright infringement case </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Music video </Li> <Li> 3 Release and reception <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Single release </Li> <Li> 3.2 Critical reception </Li> <Li> 3.3 Cover versions </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Track listings </Li> <Li> 5 Credits and personnel </Li> <Li> 6 Charts <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Weekly charts </Li> <Li> 6.2 Year - end charts </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Release history </Li> <Li> 8 See also </Li> <Li> 9 References </Li> <Li> 10 External links </Li> </Ul> <H2> Development ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Background ( edit ) </H3> <P> In September 1998 Michael G. Wilson and Barbara Broccoli , owners of Eon Productions and long - time producers of James Bond films , chose David Arnold to compose the score for the nineteenth Bond movie ( scheduled for release in November of the following year ) . Arnold composed the score for Tomorrow Never Dies , the previous film , and oversaw the recording of Shaken and Stirred : The David Arnold James Bond Project ( an album of cover versions recorded by contemporary artists including Pulp , Aimee Mann and David McAlmont ) . Arnold and the film 's production team wanted an early rough draft of the song so elements of its melody could be incorporated into the main score . Director Michael Apted thought the use of `` Nobody Does It Better '' as a love theme throughout The Spy Who Loved Me very effective , and he wanted Arnold to use that as a reference point . </P> <H3> Composition ( edit ) </H3> <P> Arnold wanted a theme song marrying the `` classic Bond sound '' with the electronica that would influence most of his score . An orchestra would be required as audiences expect traditional elements in a Bond film , and without them The World Is Not Enough would be seen as a generic action movie . Getting the balance right might be a `` poisoned chalice '' , since the results could sound too much or too little like a Bond theme . Arnold collaborated with lyricist Don Black on the song . Black , with 30 years of experience writing Bond themes , wrote the lyrics to Tom Jones 's `` Thunderball '' , Shirley Bassey 's `` Diamonds Are Forever '' , Lulu 's `` The Man with the Golden Gun '' and k.d. lang 's closing credits theme , `` Surrender '' , from Tomorrow Never Dies . Arnold and Black met several times to discuss lyrics for `` The World Is Not Enough '' , also collaborating by phone , fax and email . According to Arnold , he `` strung some la - las together , and all of a sudden the ( song ) came to life '' . By the end of 1998 he and Black finished the music and lyrics , except for the bridge ( a contrasting section of about eight bars ) . </P> <P> The lyrics are from the viewpoint of Elektra King , the Bond girl revealed as the mastermind of the villainous scheme . Its underlying themes are seduction and domination , described by Arnold as `` a steel fist in a velvet glove . It beckons you in with its crooked finger . '' Black added that although the lyrics reflected the film 's plot , they were `` of course all about world domination '' and `` a lot more personal and intense '' , evoking a `` ballady and dramatic '' mood . A line of dialogue from the film , `` There 's no point in living if you ca n't feel alive , '' was included in the lyrics . </P> Part of the reason I thought Garbage would be such a good idea ( for the theme song ) , is that I think Shirley Manson is someone who could easily inhabit Bond 's world . The whole thing about the song is that it needs to entice you , and beckon you in . ( ... ) Shirley is the only person I can think of in the world of contemporary music who is the musical equivalent of Elektra . It is as important as casting the characters -- getting the right voice and right attitude for the song . <P> -- David Arnold </P> <P> By the first week of January 1999 , Arnold completed the song 's outline and made a synthesizer - arranged demo recording in his recording studio . He played the demo for Wilson , Broccoli and Apted , who were `` extremely pleased '' with the results . Arnold 's agent then presented the demo to MGM executives in Los Angeles , who initially disliked it because it was a ballad and they expected a more up tempo song . MGM asked Arnold to rewrite a three - note sequence considered too similar to a motif in earlier Bond themes . </P> <P> That month Arnold offered the theme to Garbage lead singer Shirley Manson , who was very enthusiastic ; Arnold said he `` never heard someone screaming down the phone '' . A week later he sent the band the rough demo , which they approved . Manson requested a small change in the lyrics , disliking the line `` I know when t\n\nQuestion:\nwho sang the world is not enough song\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Garbage" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1635, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nwho sang the world is not enough song\n\nDocument:\nfrom the eponymous 1999 James Bond film , performed by American - Scottish alternative rock band Garbage . The song was written by composer David Arnold ( who also scored the film ) and lyricist Don Black , previously responsible for four other Bond songs , and was produced by Garbage and Arnold . `` The World Is Not Enough '' was composed in the style of the series ' title songs , in contrast with the post-modern production and genre - hopping of Garbage 's first two albums . The group recorded most of `` The World Is Not Enough '' while touring Europe in support of their album Version 2.0 , telephoning Arnold as he recorded the orchestral backing in London before travelling to England . Garbage later finished recording and mixing the song at Armoury Studios in Canada . The lyrics reflect the film 's plot ( told from the viewpoint of antagonist Elektra King ) , with themes of world domination and seduction . </P> <P> The song and its accompanying soundtrack were released internationally by Radioactive Records when the film premiered worldwide at the end of November 1999 . `` The World Is Not Enough '' was praised by reviewers ; it reached the top forty of ten singles charts and the top ten of four . It was included on the James Bond compilation The Best of Bond ... James Bond and Garbage 's greatest hits album , Absolute Garbage . </P> <H2> Contents </H2> <Ul> <Li> 1 Development <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Background </Li> <Li> 1.2 Composition </Li> <Li> 1.3 Recording </Li> <Li> 1.4 Copyright infringement case </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Music video </Li> <Li> 3 Release and reception <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Single release </Li> <Li> 3.2 Critical reception </Li> <Li> 3.3 Cover versions </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Track listings </Li> <Li> 5 Credits and personnel </Li> <Li> 6 Charts <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Weekly charts </Li> <Li> 6.2 Year - end charts </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Release history </Li> <Li> 8 See also </Li> <Li> 9 References </Li> <Li> 10 External links </Li> </Ul> <H2> Development ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Background ( edit ) </H3> <P> In September 1998 Michael G. Wilson and Barbara Broccoli , owners of Eon Productions and long - time producers of James Bond films , chose David Arnold to compose the score for the nineteenth Bond movie ( scheduled for release in November of the following year ) . Arnold composed the score for Tomorrow Never Dies , the previous film , and oversaw the recording of Shaken and Stirred : The David Arnold James Bond Project ( an album of cover versions recorded by contemporary artists including Pulp , Aimee Mann and David McAlmont ) . Arnold and the film 's production team wanted an early rough draft of the song so elements of its melody could be incorporated into the main score . Director Michael Apted thought the use of `` Nobody Does It Better '' as a love theme throughout The Spy Who Loved Me very effective , and he wanted Arnold to use that as a reference point . </P> <H3> Composition ( edit ) </H3> <P> Arnold wanted a theme song marrying the `` classic Bond sound '' with the electronica that would influence most of his score . An orchestra would be required as audiences expect traditional elements in a Bond film , and without them The World Is Not Enough would be seen as a generic action movie . Getting the balance right might be a `` poisoned chalice '' , since the results could sound too much or too little like a Bond theme . Arnold collaborated with lyricist Don Black on the song . Black , with 30 years of experience writing Bond themes , wrote the lyrics to Tom Jones 's `` Thunderball '' , Shirley Bassey 's `` Diamonds Are Forever '' , Lulu 's `` The Man with the Golden Gun '' and k.d. lang 's closing credits theme , `` Surrender '' , from Tomorrow Never Dies . Arnold and Black met several times to discuss lyrics for `` The World Is Not Enough '' , also collaborating by phone , fax and email . According to Arnold , he `` strung some la - las together , and all of a sudden the ( song ) came to life '' . By the end of 1998 he and Black finished the music and lyrics , except for the bridge ( a contrasting section of about eight bars ) . </P> <P> The lyrics are from the viewpoint of Elektra King , the Bond girl revealed as the mastermind of the villainous scheme . Its underlying themes are seduction and domination , described by Arnold as `` a steel fist in a velvet glove . It beckons you in with its crooked finger . '' Black added that although the lyrics reflected the film 's plot , they were `` of course all about world domination '' and `` a lot more personal and intense '' , evoking a `` ballady and dramatic '' mood . A line of dialogue from the film , `` There 's no point in living if you ca n't feel alive , '' was included in the lyrics . </P> Part of the reason I thought Garbage would be such a good idea ( for the theme song ) , is that I think Shirley Manson is someone who could easily inhabit Bond 's world . The whole thing about the song is that it needs to entice you , and beckon you in . ( ... ) Shirley is the only person I can think of in the world of contemporary music who is the musical equivalent of Elektra . It is as important as casting the characters -- getting the right voice and right attitude for the song . <P> -- David Arnold </P> <P> By the first week of January 1999 , Arnold completed the song 's outline and made a synthesizer - arranged demo recording in his recording studio . He played the demo for Wilson , Broccoli and Apted , who were `` extremely pleased '' with the results . Arnold 's agent then presented the demo to MGM executives in Los Angeles , who initially disliked it because it was a ballad and they expected a more up tempo song . MGM asked Arnold to rewrite a three - note sequence considered too similar to a motif in earlier Bond themes . </P> <P> That month Arnold offered the theme to Garbage lead singer Shirley Manson , who was very enthusiastic ; Arnold said he `` never heard someone screaming down the phone '' . A week later he sent the band the rough demo , which they approved . Manson requested a small change in the lyrics , disliking the line `` I know when t\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Garbage" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 2052, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\nThe World Is Not Enough ( song ) - wikipedia <H1> The World Is Not Enough ( song ) </H1> <P> </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> `` The World Is Not Enough '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Single by Garbage </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> from the album The World Is Not Enough </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> B - side </Th> <Td> `` Ice Bandits '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> October 4 , 1999 ( 1999 - 10 - 04 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Format </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> CD </Li> <Li> cassette </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Recorded </Th> <Td> June -- August 1999 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Studio </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Metropolis , London </Li> <Li> Armoury , Vancouver </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Electronic rock </Li> <Li> symphonic </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 3 : 57 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> Radioactive </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> David Arnold </Li> <Li> Don Black </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Garbage </Li> <Li> David Arnold </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Garbage singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` You Look So Fine '' ( 1999 ) </Td> <Td> `` The World Is Not Enough '' ( 1999 ) </Td> <Td> `` Androgyny '' ( 2001 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> James Bond theme singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Tomorrow Never Dies '' ( 1997 ) </Td> <Td> `` The World Is Not Enough '' ( 1999 ) </Td> <Td> `` Die Another Day '' ( 2002 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Audio sample </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> <Ul> <Li> file </Li> <Li> help </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` The World Is Not Enough '' is the theme song from the eponymous 1999 James Bond film , performed by American - Scottish alternative rock band Garbage . The song was written by composer David Arnold ( who also scored the film ) and lyricist Don Black , previously responsible for four other Bond songs , and was produced by Garbage and Arnold . `` The World Is Not Enough '' was composed in the style of the series ' title songs , in contrast with the post-modern production and genre - hopping of Garbage 's first two albums . The group recorded most of `` The World Is Not Enough '' while touring Europe in support of their album Version 2.0 , telephoning Arnold as he recorded the orchestral backing in London before travelling to England . Garbage later finished recording and mixing the song at Armoury Studios in Canada . The lyrics reflect the film 's plot ( told from the viewpoint of antagonist Elektra King ) , with themes of world domination and seduction . </P> <P> The song and its accompanying soundtrack were released internationally by Radioactive Records when the film premiered worldwide at the end of November 1999 . `` The World Is Not Enough '' was praised by reviewers ; it reached the top forty of ten singles charts and the top ten of four . It was included on the James Bond compilation The Best of Bond ... James Bond and Garbage 's greatest hits album , Absolute Garbage . </P> <H2> Contents </H2> <Ul> <Li> 1 Development <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Background </Li> <Li> 1.2 Composition </Li> <Li> 1.3 Recording </Li> <Li> 1.4 Copyright infringement case </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Music video </Li> <Li> 3 Release and reception <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Single release </Li> <Li> 3.2 Critical reception </Li> <Li> 3.3 Cover versions </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Track listings </Li> <Li> 5 Credits and personnel </Li> <Li> 6 Charts <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Weekly charts </Li> <Li> 6.2 Year - end charts </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Release history </Li> <Li> 8 See also </Li> <Li> 9 References </Li> <Li> 10 External links </Li> </Ul> <H2> Development ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Background ( edit ) </H3> <P> In September 1998 Michael G. Wilson and Barbara Broccoli , owners of Eon Productions and long - time producers of James Bond films , chose David Arnold to compose the score for the nineteenth Bond movie ( scheduled for release in November of the following year ) . Arnold composed the score for Tomorrow Never Dies , the previous film , and oversaw the recording of Shaken and Stirred : The David Arnold James Bond Project ( an album of cover versions recorded by contemporary artists including Pulp , Aimee Mann and David McAlmont ) . Arnold and the film 's production team wanted an early rough draft of the song so elements of its melody could be incorporated into the main score . Director Michael Apted thought the use of `` Nobody Does It Better '' as a love theme throughout The Spy Who Loved Me very effective , and he wanted Arnold to use that as a reference point . </P> <H3> Composition ( edit ) </H3> <P> Arnold wanted a theme song marrying the `` classic Bond sound '' with the electronica that would influence most of his score . An orchestra would be required as audiences expect traditional elements in a Bond film , and without them The World Is Not Enough would be seen as a generic action movie . Getting the balance right might be a `` poisoned chalice '' , since the results could sound too much or too little like a Bond theme . Arnold collaborated with lyricist Don Black on the song . Black , with 30 years of experience writing Bond themes , wrote the lyrics to Tom Jones 's `` Thunderball '' , Shirley Bassey 's `` Diamonds Are Forever '' , Lulu 's `` The Man with the Golden Gun '' and k.d. lang 's closing credits theme , `` Surrender '' , from Tomorrow Never Dies . Arnold and Black met several times to discuss lyrics for `` The World Is Not Enough '' , also collaborating by phone , fax and email . According to Arnold , he `` strung some la - las together , and all of a sudden the ( song ) came to life '' . By the end of 1998 he and Black finished the music and lyrics , except for the bridge ( a contrasting section of about eight bars ) . </P> <P> The lyrics are from the viewpoint of Elektra King , the Bond girl revealed as the mastermin\n\nQuestion:\nwho sang the world is not enough song\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Garbage" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 2052, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nwho sang the world is not enough song\n\nDocument:\nThe World Is Not Enough ( song ) - wikipedia <H1> The World Is Not Enough ( song ) </H1> <P> </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> `` The World Is Not Enough '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Single by Garbage </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> from the album The World Is Not Enough </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> B - side </Th> <Td> `` Ice Bandits '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> October 4 , 1999 ( 1999 - 10 - 04 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Format </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> CD </Li> <Li> cassette </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Recorded </Th> <Td> June -- August 1999 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Studio </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Metropolis , London </Li> <Li> Armoury , Vancouver </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Electronic rock </Li> <Li> symphonic </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 3 : 57 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> Radioactive </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> David Arnold </Li> <Li> Don Black </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Garbage </Li> <Li> David Arnold </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Garbage singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` You Look So Fine '' ( 1999 ) </Td> <Td> `` The World Is Not Enough '' ( 1999 ) </Td> <Td> `` Androgyny '' ( 2001 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> James Bond theme singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Tomorrow Never Dies '' ( 1997 ) </Td> <Td> `` The World Is Not Enough '' ( 1999 ) </Td> <Td> `` Die Another Day '' ( 2002 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Audio sample </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> <Ul> <Li> file </Li> <Li> help </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` The World Is Not Enough '' is the theme song from the eponymous 1999 James Bond film , performed by American - Scottish alternative rock band Garbage . The song was written by composer David Arnold ( who also scored the film ) and lyricist Don Black , previously responsible for four other Bond songs , and was produced by Garbage and Arnold . `` The World Is Not Enough '' was composed in the style of the series ' title songs , in contrast with the post-modern production and genre - hopping of Garbage 's first two albums . The group recorded most of `` The World Is Not Enough '' while touring Europe in support of their album Version 2.0 , telephoning Arnold as he recorded the orchestral backing in London before travelling to England . Garbage later finished recording and mixing the song at Armoury Studios in Canada . The lyrics reflect the film 's plot ( told from the viewpoint of antagonist Elektra King ) , with themes of world domination and seduction . </P> <P> The song and its accompanying soundtrack were released internationally by Radioactive Records when the film premiered worldwide at the end of November 1999 . `` The World Is Not Enough '' was praised by reviewers ; it reached the top forty of ten singles charts and the top ten of four . It was included on the James Bond compilation The Best of Bond ... James Bond and Garbage 's greatest hits album , Absolute Garbage . </P> <H2> Contents </H2> <Ul> <Li> 1 Development <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Background </Li> <Li> 1.2 Composition </Li> <Li> 1.3 Recording </Li> <Li> 1.4 Copyright infringement case </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Music video </Li> <Li> 3 Release and reception <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Single release </Li> <Li> 3.2 Critical reception </Li> <Li> 3.3 Cover versions </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Track listings </Li> <Li> 5 Credits and personnel </Li> <Li> 6 Charts <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Weekly charts </Li> <Li> 6.2 Year - end charts </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Release history </Li> <Li> 8 See also </Li> <Li> 9 References </Li> <Li> 10 External links </Li> </Ul> <H2> Development ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Background ( edit ) </H3> <P> In September 1998 Michael G. Wilson and Barbara Broccoli , owners of Eon Productions and long - time producers of James Bond films , chose David Arnold to compose the score for the nineteenth Bond movie ( scheduled for release in November of the following year ) . Arnold composed the score for Tomorrow Never Dies , the previous film , and oversaw the recording of Shaken and Stirred : The David Arnold James Bond Project ( an album of cover versions recorded by contemporary artists including Pulp , Aimee Mann and David McAlmont ) . Arnold and the film 's production team wanted an early rough draft of the song so elements of its melody could be incorporated into the main score . Director Michael Apted thought the use of `` Nobody Does It Better '' as a love theme throughout The Spy Who Loved Me very effective , and he wanted Arnold to use that as a reference point . </P> <H3> Composition ( edit ) </H3> <P> Arnold wanted a theme song marrying the `` classic Bond sound '' with the electronica that would influence most of his score . An orchestra would be required as audiences expect traditional elements in a Bond film , and without them The World Is Not Enough would be seen as a generic action movie . Getting the balance right might be a `` poisoned chalice '' , since the results could sound too much or too little like a Bond theme . Arnold collaborated with lyricist Don Black on the song . Black , with 30 years of experience writing Bond themes , wrote the lyrics to Tom Jones 's `` Thunderball '' , Shirley Bassey 's `` Diamonds Are Forever '' , Lulu 's `` The Man with the Golden Gun '' and k.d. lang 's closing credits theme , `` Surrender '' , from Tomorrow Never Dies . Arnold and Black met several times to discuss lyrics for `` The World Is Not Enough '' , also collaborating by phone , fax and email . According to Arnold , he `` strung some la - las together , and all of a sudden the ( song ) came to life '' . By the end of 1998 he and Black finished the music and lyrics , except for the bridge ( a contrasting section of about eight bars ) . </P> <P> The lyrics are from the viewpoint of Elektra King , the Bond girl revealed as the mastermin\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Garbage" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 2052, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\nThe World Is Not Enough ( song ) - wikipedia <H1> The World Is Not Enough ( song ) </H1> <P> </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> `` The World Is Not Enough '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Single by Garbage </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> from the album The World Is Not Enough </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> B - side </Th> <Td> `` Ice Bandits '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> October 4 , 1999 ( 1999 - 10 - 04 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Format </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> CD </Li> <Li> cassette </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Recorded </Th> <Td> June -- August 1999 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Studio </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Metropolis , London </Li> <Li> Armoury , Vancouver </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Electronic rock </Li> <Li> symphonic </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 3 : 57 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> Radioactive </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> David Arnold </Li> <Li> Don Black </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Garbage </Li> <Li> David Arnold </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Garbage singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` You Look So Fine '' ( 1999 ) </Td> <Td> `` The World Is Not Enough '' ( 1999 ) </Td> <Td> `` Androgyny '' ( 2001 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> James Bond theme singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Tomorrow Never Dies '' ( 1997 ) </Td> <Td> `` The World Is Not Enough '' ( 1999 ) </Td> <Td> `` Die Another Day '' ( 2002 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Audio sample </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> <Ul> <Li> file </Li> <Li> help </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` The World Is Not Enough '' is the theme song from the eponymous 1999 James Bond film , performed by American - Scottish alternative rock band Garbage . The song was written by composer David Arnold ( who also scored the film ) and lyricist Don Black , previously responsible for four other Bond songs , and was produced by Garbage and Arnold . `` The World Is Not Enough '' was composed in the style of the series ' title songs , in contrast with the post-modern production and genre - hopping of Garbage 's first two albums . The group recorded most of `` The World Is Not Enough '' while touring Europe in support of their album Version 2.0 , telephoning Arnold as he recorded the orchestral backing in London before travelling to England . Garbage later finished recording and mixing the song at Armoury Studios in Canada . The lyrics reflect the film 's plot ( told from the viewpoint of antagonist Elektra King ) , with themes of world domination and seduction . </P> <P> The song and its accompanying soundtrack were released internationally by Radioactive Records when the film premiered worldwide at the end of November 1999 . `` The World Is Not Enough '' was praised by reviewers ; it reached the top forty of ten singles charts and the top ten of four . It was included on the James Bond compilation The Best of Bond ... James Bond and Garbage 's greatest hits album , Absolute Garbage . </P> <H2> Contents </H2> <Ul> <Li> 1 Development <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Background </Li> <Li> 1.2 Composition </Li> <Li> 1.3 Recording </Li> <Li> 1.4 Copyright infringement case </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Music video </Li> <Li> 3 Release and reception <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Single release </Li> <Li> 3.2 Critical reception </Li> <Li> 3.3 Cover versions </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Track listings </Li> <Li> 5 Credits and personnel </Li> <Li> 6 Charts <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Weekly charts </Li> <Li> 6.2 Year - end charts </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Release history </Li> <Li> 8 See also </Li> <Li> 9 References </Li> <Li> 10 External links </Li> </Ul> <H2> Development ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Background ( edit ) </H3> <P> In September 1998 Michael G. Wilson and Barbara Broccoli , owners of Eon Productions and long - time producers of James Bond films , chose David Arnold to compose the score for the nineteenth Bond movie ( scheduled for release in November of the following year ) . Arnold composed the score for Tomorrow Never Dies , the previous film , and oversaw the recording of Shaken and Stirred : The David Arnold James Bond Project ( an album of cover versions recorded by contemporary artists including Pulp , Aimee Mann and David McAlmont ) . Arnold and the film 's production team wanted an early rough draft of the song so elements of its melody could be incorporated into the main score . Director Michael Apted thought the use of `` Nobody Does It Better '' as a love theme throughout The Spy Who Loved Me very effective , and he wanted Arnold to use that as a reference point . </P> <H3> Composition ( edit ) </H3> <P> Arnold wanted a theme song marrying the `` classic Bond sound '' with the electronica that would influence most of his score . An orchestra would be required as audiences expect traditional elements in a Bond film , and without them The World Is Not Enough would be seen as a generic action movie . Getting the balance right might be a `` poisoned chalice '' , since the results could sound too much or too little like a Bond theme . Arnold collaborated with lyricist Don Black on the song . Black , with 30 years of experience writing Bond themes , wrote the lyrics to Tom Jones 's `` Thunderball '' , Shirley Bassey 's `` Diamonds Are Forever '' , Lulu 's `` The Man with the Golden Gun '' and k.d. lang 's closing credits theme , `` Surrender '' , from Tomorrow Never Dies . Arnold and Black met several times to discuss lyrics for `` The World Is Not Enough '' , also collaborating by phone , fax and email . According to Arnold , he `` strung some la - las together , and all of a sudden the ( song ) came to life '' . By the end of 1998 he and Black finished the music and lyrics , except for the bridge ( a contrasting section of about eight bars ) . </P> <P> The lyrics are from the viewpoint of Elektra King , the Bond girl revealed as the mastermin\n\nQuestion:\nwho sang the world is not enough song\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Garbage" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 2052, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nwho sang the world is not enough song\n\nDocument:\nThe World Is Not Enough ( song ) - wikipedia <H1> The World Is Not Enough ( song ) </H1> <P> </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> `` The World Is Not Enough '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Single by Garbage </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> from the album The World Is Not Enough </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> B - side </Th> <Td> `` Ice Bandits '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> October 4 , 1999 ( 1999 - 10 - 04 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Format </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> CD </Li> <Li> cassette </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Recorded </Th> <Td> June -- August 1999 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Studio </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Metropolis , London </Li> <Li> Armoury , Vancouver </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Electronic rock </Li> <Li> symphonic </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 3 : 57 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> Radioactive </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> David Arnold </Li> <Li> Don Black </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Garbage </Li> <Li> David Arnold </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Garbage singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` You Look So Fine '' ( 1999 ) </Td> <Td> `` The World Is Not Enough '' ( 1999 ) </Td> <Td> `` Androgyny '' ( 2001 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> James Bond theme singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Tomorrow Never Dies '' ( 1997 ) </Td> <Td> `` The World Is Not Enough '' ( 1999 ) </Td> <Td> `` Die Another Day '' ( 2002 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Audio sample </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> <Ul> <Li> file </Li> <Li> help </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` The World Is Not Enough '' is the theme song from the eponymous 1999 James Bond film , performed by American - Scottish alternative rock band Garbage . The song was written by composer David Arnold ( who also scored the film ) and lyricist Don Black , previously responsible for four other Bond songs , and was produced by Garbage and Arnold . `` The World Is Not Enough '' was composed in the style of the series ' title songs , in contrast with the post-modern production and genre - hopping of Garbage 's first two albums . The group recorded most of `` The World Is Not Enough '' while touring Europe in support of their album Version 2.0 , telephoning Arnold as he recorded the orchestral backing in London before travelling to England . Garbage later finished recording and mixing the song at Armoury Studios in Canada . The lyrics reflect the film 's plot ( told from the viewpoint of antagonist Elektra King ) , with themes of world domination and seduction . </P> <P> The song and its accompanying soundtrack were released internationally by Radioactive Records when the film premiered worldwide at the end of November 1999 . `` The World Is Not Enough '' was praised by reviewers ; it reached the top forty of ten singles charts and the top ten of four . It was included on the James Bond compilation The Best of Bond ... James Bond and Garbage 's greatest hits album , Absolute Garbage . </P> <H2> Contents </H2> <Ul> <Li> 1 Development <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Background </Li> <Li> 1.2 Composition </Li> <Li> 1.3 Recording </Li> <Li> 1.4 Copyright infringement case </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Music video </Li> <Li> 3 Release and reception <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Single release </Li> <Li> 3.2 Critical reception </Li> <Li> 3.3 Cover versions </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Track listings </Li> <Li> 5 Credits and personnel </Li> <Li> 6 Charts <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Weekly charts </Li> <Li> 6.2 Year - end charts </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Release history </Li> <Li> 8 See also </Li> <Li> 9 References </Li> <Li> 10 External links </Li> </Ul> <H2> Development ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Background ( edit ) </H3> <P> In September 1998 Michael G. Wilson and Barbara Broccoli , owners of Eon Productions and long - time producers of James Bond films , chose David Arnold to compose the score for the nineteenth Bond movie ( scheduled for release in November of the following year ) . Arnold composed the score for Tomorrow Never Dies , the previous film , and oversaw the recording of Shaken and Stirred : The David Arnold James Bond Project ( an album of cover versions recorded by contemporary artists including Pulp , Aimee Mann and David McAlmont ) . Arnold and the film 's production team wanted an early rough draft of the song so elements of its melody could be incorporated into the main score . Director Michael Apted thought the use of `` Nobody Does It Better '' as a love theme throughout The Spy Who Loved Me very effective , and he wanted Arnold to use that as a reference point . </P> <H3> Composition ( edit ) </H3> <P> Arnold wanted a theme song marrying the `` classic Bond sound '' with the electronica that would influence most of his score . An orchestra would be required as audiences expect traditional elements in a Bond film , and without them The World Is Not Enough would be seen as a generic action movie . Getting the balance right might be a `` poisoned chalice '' , since the results could sound too much or too little like a Bond theme . Arnold collaborated with lyricist Don Black on the song . Black , with 30 years of experience writing Bond themes , wrote the lyrics to Tom Jones 's `` Thunderball '' , Shirley Bassey 's `` Diamonds Are Forever '' , Lulu 's `` The Man with the Golden Gun '' and k.d. lang 's closing credits theme , `` Surrender '' , from Tomorrow Never Dies . Arnold and Black met several times to discuss lyrics for `` The World Is Not Enough '' , also collaborating by phone , fax and email . According to Arnold , he `` strung some la - las together , and all of a sudden the ( song ) came to life '' . By the end of 1998 he and Black finished the music and lyrics , except for the bridge ( a contrasting section of about eight bars ) . </P> <P> The lyrics are from the viewpoint of Elektra King , the Bond girl revealed as the mastermin\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Garbage" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1796, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\n 1955 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Country </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 2 : 34 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> RCA Victor </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> Eddy Arnold Cindy Walker </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` You Do n't Know Me '' is a song written by Cindy Walker based on a title and storyline given to her by Eddy Arnold in 1955 . `` You Do n't Know Me '' was first recorded by Arnold that year and released as a single on April 21 , 1956 on RCA Victor . The first version of the song to make the Billboard charts was by Jerry Vale in 1956 , peaking at # 14 on the pop chart . Arnold 's version charted two months later , released as an RCA Victor single , 47 - 6502 , backed with `` The Rockin ' Mockin ' Bird '' , which reached # 10 on the Billboard country chart . Cash Box magazine , which combined all best - selling versions at one position , included a version by Carmen McRae that never appeared in the Billboard Top 100 Sides listing . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Origin </Li> <Li> 2 Notable recorded versions </Li> <Li> 3 Charts <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Eddy Arnold </Li> <Li> 3.2 Jerry Vale </Li> <Li> 3.3 Ray Charles </Li> <Li> 3.4 Elvis Presley </Li> <Li> 3.5 Ray Pennington </Li> <Li> 3.6 Mickey Gilley </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> <Li> 5 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Origin ( edit ) </H2> <P> In his book Eddy Arnold : Pioneer of the Nashville Sound , author Michael Streissguth describes how the song came to be : </P> <P> Cindy Walker , who had supplied Eddy with `` Take Me in Your Arms and Hold Me '' ( a number one country record in 1949 and Eddy 's first Cindy Walker release ) , recalled discussing the idea for `` You Do n't Know Me '' with Eddy as she was leaving one of Nashville 's annual disc - jockey conventions . `` I went up to the Victor suite to tell Steve Sholes good - bye , '' she explained , `` and just as I was leaving , Eddy came in the door . '' </P> <P> Walker remembered him saying , `` I got a song title for you ... ' You Do n't Know Me . ' '' </P> <P> `` But I know you , '' teased Walker . </P> <P> `` This is serious , replied Eddy , who proceeded to outline his idea . </P> <P> The songwriter promised to let the idea stew in her head for a while . And soon , she remembered , the lyrics tumbled onto the page . `` The song just started singing . It sort of wrote itself ... '' </P> <H2> Notable recorded versions ( edit ) </H2> <P> The best - selling version of the song is by Ray Charles , who took it to # 2 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in 1962 , after releasing the song on his # 1 album Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music . This version also topped the `` Easy listening '' chart for three weeks in 1962 , and was used in the 1993 comedy film Groundhog Day . The song was the 12th number one country hit for Mickey Gilley in 1981 . </P> <P> The song has been performed or recorded by hundreds of artists , including Elvis Presley , Bob Dylan , and Willie Nelson . Charles re-recorded the song with Diana Krall on his # 1 album of duets , Genius Loves Company , the only song common to both of Charles ' two # 1 albums . It was sung by Meryl Streep in the 1990 film Postcards from the Edge , by John Legend in the 2007 Curb Your Enthusiasm episode `` The Bat Mitzvah '' , by Robert Downey Jr. in the 1998 film Two Girls and a Guy , and by Lizzy Caplan in the 2013 Masters of Sex episode `` Phallic Victories '' . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article may contain indiscriminate , excessive , or irrelevant examples . Please improve the article by adding more descriptive text and removing less pertinent examples . See Wikipedia 's guide to writing better articles for further suggestions . ( February 2011 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Ul> <Li> Eddy Arnold ( 1955 ) </Li> <Li> Jerry Vale ( 1956 ) </Li> <Li> Jeanne Black ( 1960 ) </Li> <Li> Lenny Welch ( 1960 ) </Li> <Li> Patti Page ( 1961 ) on album Somethin ' Country </Li> <Li> The Anita Kerr Singers ( 1962 ) on album From Nashville The Hit Sound </Li> <Li> Ray Charles ( 1962 ) on album Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music </Li> <Li> Floyd Cramer ( 1964 ) on album Country Piano - City Strings </Li> <Li> Manfred Mann ( 1965 ) on album Mann Made </Li> <Li> Rick Nelson ( 1965 ) on album Best Always </Li> <Li> Jackie Wilson ( 1965 ) on album Spotlight on Jackie Wilson ! </Li> <Li> Jan Howard ( 1967 ) on album This Is Jan Howard Country </Li> <Li> Elvis Presley ( 1967 ) on album Clambake </Li> <Li> Ray Pennington ( 1970 ) on album Sings for the Other Woman </Li> <Li> Roy Orbison ( 1973 ) on album Milestones ( Roy Orbison album ) </Li> <Li> Steve Marriott ( 1976 ) on album Marriott </Li> <Li> Bette Midler ( 1977 ) on album Broken Blossom </Li> <Li> Kenny Loggins ( 1977 ) on album Celebrate Me Home </Li> <Li> Mickey Gilley ( 1981 ) on album You Do n't Know Me </Li> <Li> Juice Newton ( 1984 ) on album Ca n't Wait All Night </Li> <Li> Richard Manuel ( 1985 ) on album Whispering Pines : Live at the Getaway </Li> <Li> Bob James & David Sanborn ( 1986 ) on album Double Vision </Li> <Li> The Heptones ( 1986 ) on album Changing Times </Li> <Li> Don\n\nQuestion:\nwho sang you don't know me first\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Eddy Arnold" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1796, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nwho sang you don't know me first\n\nDocument:\n 1955 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Country </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 2 : 34 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> RCA Victor </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> Eddy Arnold Cindy Walker </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` You Do n't Know Me '' is a song written by Cindy Walker based on a title and storyline given to her by Eddy Arnold in 1955 . `` You Do n't Know Me '' was first recorded by Arnold that year and released as a single on April 21 , 1956 on RCA Victor . The first version of the song to make the Billboard charts was by Jerry Vale in 1956 , peaking at # 14 on the pop chart . Arnold 's version charted two months later , released as an RCA Victor single , 47 - 6502 , backed with `` The Rockin ' Mockin ' Bird '' , which reached # 10 on the Billboard country chart . Cash Box magazine , which combined all best - selling versions at one position , included a version by Carmen McRae that never appeared in the Billboard Top 100 Sides listing . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Origin </Li> <Li> 2 Notable recorded versions </Li> <Li> 3 Charts <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Eddy Arnold </Li> <Li> 3.2 Jerry Vale </Li> <Li> 3.3 Ray Charles </Li> <Li> 3.4 Elvis Presley </Li> <Li> 3.5 Ray Pennington </Li> <Li> 3.6 Mickey Gilley </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> <Li> 5 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Origin ( edit ) </H2> <P> In his book Eddy Arnold : Pioneer of the Nashville Sound , author Michael Streissguth describes how the song came to be : </P> <P> Cindy Walker , who had supplied Eddy with `` Take Me in Your Arms and Hold Me '' ( a number one country record in 1949 and Eddy 's first Cindy Walker release ) , recalled discussing the idea for `` You Do n't Know Me '' with Eddy as she was leaving one of Nashville 's annual disc - jockey conventions . `` I went up to the Victor suite to tell Steve Sholes good - bye , '' she explained , `` and just as I was leaving , Eddy came in the door . '' </P> <P> Walker remembered him saying , `` I got a song title for you ... ' You Do n't Know Me . ' '' </P> <P> `` But I know you , '' teased Walker . </P> <P> `` This is serious , replied Eddy , who proceeded to outline his idea . </P> <P> The songwriter promised to let the idea stew in her head for a while . And soon , she remembered , the lyrics tumbled onto the page . `` The song just started singing . It sort of wrote itself ... '' </P> <H2> Notable recorded versions ( edit ) </H2> <P> The best - selling version of the song is by Ray Charles , who took it to # 2 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in 1962 , after releasing the song on his # 1 album Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music . This version also topped the `` Easy listening '' chart for three weeks in 1962 , and was used in the 1993 comedy film Groundhog Day . The song was the 12th number one country hit for Mickey Gilley in 1981 . </P> <P> The song has been performed or recorded by hundreds of artists , including Elvis Presley , Bob Dylan , and Willie Nelson . Charles re-recorded the song with Diana Krall on his # 1 album of duets , Genius Loves Company , the only song common to both of Charles ' two # 1 albums . It was sung by Meryl Streep in the 1990 film Postcards from the Edge , by John Legend in the 2007 Curb Your Enthusiasm episode `` The Bat Mitzvah '' , by Robert Downey Jr. in the 1998 film Two Girls and a Guy , and by Lizzy Caplan in the 2013 Masters of Sex episode `` Phallic Victories '' . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article may contain indiscriminate , excessive , or irrelevant examples . Please improve the article by adding more descriptive text and removing less pertinent examples . See Wikipedia 's guide to writing better articles for further suggestions . ( February 2011 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Ul> <Li> Eddy Arnold ( 1955 ) </Li> <Li> Jerry Vale ( 1956 ) </Li> <Li> Jeanne Black ( 1960 ) </Li> <Li> Lenny Welch ( 1960 ) </Li> <Li> Patti Page ( 1961 ) on album Somethin ' Country </Li> <Li> The Anita Kerr Singers ( 1962 ) on album From Nashville The Hit Sound </Li> <Li> Ray Charles ( 1962 ) on album Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music </Li> <Li> Floyd Cramer ( 1964 ) on album Country Piano - City Strings </Li> <Li> Manfred Mann ( 1965 ) on album Mann Made </Li> <Li> Rick Nelson ( 1965 ) on album Best Always </Li> <Li> Jackie Wilson ( 1965 ) on album Spotlight on Jackie Wilson ! </Li> <Li> Jan Howard ( 1967 ) on album This Is Jan Howard Country </Li> <Li> Elvis Presley ( 1967 ) on album Clambake </Li> <Li> Ray Pennington ( 1970 ) on album Sings for the Other Woman </Li> <Li> Roy Orbison ( 1973 ) on album Milestones ( Roy Orbison album ) </Li> <Li> Steve Marriott ( 1976 ) on album Marriott </Li> <Li> Bette Midler ( 1977 ) on album Broken Blossom </Li> <Li> Kenny Loggins ( 1977 ) on album Celebrate Me Home </Li> <Li> Mickey Gilley ( 1981 ) on album You Do n't Know Me </Li> <Li> Juice Newton ( 1984 ) on album Ca n't Wait All Night </Li> <Li> Richard Manuel ( 1985 ) on album Whispering Pines : Live at the Getaway </Li> <Li> Bob James & David Sanborn ( 1986 ) on album Double Vision </Li> <Li> The Heptones ( 1986 ) on album Changing Times </Li> <Li> Don\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Eddy Arnold" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1828, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\nn't Know Me '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Single by Eddy Arnold </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> B - side </Th> <Td> `` The Rockin ' Mockin ' Bird '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> 1956 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Format </Th> <Td> 45 vinyl single </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Recorded </Th> <Td> 1955 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Country </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 2 : 34 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> RCA Victor </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> Eddy Arnold Cindy Walker </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` You Do n't Know Me '' is a song written by Cindy Walker based on a title and storyline given to her by Eddy Arnold in 1955 . `` You Do n't Know Me '' was first recorded by Arnold that year and released as a single on April 21 , 1956 on RCA Victor . The first version of the song to make the Billboard charts was by Jerry Vale in 1956 , peaking at # 14 on the pop chart . Arnold 's version charted two months later , released as an RCA Victor single , 47 - 6502 , backed with `` The Rockin ' Mockin ' Bird '' , which reached # 10 on the Billboard country chart . Cash Box magazine , which combined all best - selling versions at one position , included a version by Carmen McRae that never appeared in the Billboard Top 100 Sides listing . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Origin </Li> <Li> 2 Notable recorded versions </Li> <Li> 3 Charts <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Eddy Arnold </Li> <Li> 3.2 Jerry Vale </Li> <Li> 3.3 Ray Charles </Li> <Li> 3.4 Elvis Presley </Li> <Li> 3.5 Ray Pennington </Li> <Li> 3.6 Mickey Gilley </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> <Li> 5 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Origin ( edit ) </H2> <P> In his book Eddy Arnold : Pioneer of the Nashville Sound , author Michael Streissguth describes how the song came to be : </P> <P> Cindy Walker , who had supplied Eddy with `` Take Me in Your Arms and Hold Me '' ( a number one country record in 1949 and Eddy 's first Cindy Walker release ) , recalled discussing the idea for `` You Do n't Know Me '' with Eddy as she was leaving one of Nashville 's annual disc - jockey conventions . `` I went up to the Victor suite to tell Steve Sholes good - bye , '' she explained , `` and just as I was leaving , Eddy came in the door . '' </P> <P> Walker remembered him saying , `` I got a song title for you ... ' You Do n't Know Me . ' '' </P> <P> `` But I know you , '' teased Walker . </P> <P> `` This is serious , replied Eddy , who proceeded to outline his idea . </P> <P> The songwriter promised to let the idea stew in her head for a while . And soon , she remembered , the lyrics tumbled onto the page . `` The song just started singing . It sort of wrote itself ... '' </P> <H2> Notable recorded versions ( edit ) </H2> <P> The best - selling version of the song is by Ray Charles , who took it to # 2 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in 1962 , after releasing the song on his # 1 album Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music . This version also topped the `` Easy listening '' chart for three weeks in 1962 , and was used in the 1993 comedy film Groundhog Day . The song was the 12th number one country hit for Mickey Gilley in 1981 . </P> <P> The song has been performed or recorded by hundreds of artists , including Elvis Presley , Bob Dylan , and Willie Nelson . Charles re-recorded the song with Diana Krall on his # 1 album of duets , Genius Loves Company , the only song common to both of Charles ' two # 1 albums . It was sung by Meryl Streep in the 1990 film Postcards from the Edge , by John Legend in the 2007 Curb Your Enthusiasm episode `` The Bat Mitzvah '' , by Robert Downey Jr. in the 1998 film Two Girls and a Guy , and by Lizzy Caplan in the 2013 Masters of Sex episode `` Phallic Victories '' . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article may contain indiscriminate , excessive , or irrelevant examples . Please improve the article by adding more descriptive text and removing less pertinent examples . See Wikipedia 's guide to writing better articles for further suggestions . ( February 2011 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Ul> <Li> Eddy Arnold ( 1955 ) </Li> <Li> Jerry Vale ( 1956 ) </Li> <Li> Jeanne Black ( 1960 ) </Li> <Li> Lenny Welch ( 1960 ) </Li> <Li> Patti Page ( 1961 ) on album Somethin ' Country </Li> <Li> The Anita Kerr Singers ( 1962 ) on album From Nashville The Hit Sound </Li> <Li> Ray Charles ( 1962 ) on album Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music </Li> <Li> Floyd Cramer ( 1964 ) on album Country Piano - City Strings </Li> <Li> Manfred Mann ( 1965 ) on album Mann Made </Li> <Li> Rick Nelson ( 1965 ) on album Best Always </Li> <Li> Jackie Wilson ( 1965 ) on album Spotlight on Jackie Wilson ! </Li> <Li> Jan Howard ( 1967 ) on album This Is Jan Howard Country </Li> <Li> Elvis Presley ( 1967 ) on album Clambake </Li> <Li> Ray Pennington ( 1970 ) on album Sings for the Other Woman </Li> <Li> Roy Orbison ( 1973 ) on album Milestones ( Roy Orbison album ) </Li> <Li> Steve Marriott ( 1976 ) on album Marriott </Li> <Li> Bette Midler ( 1977 ) on album Broken Blossom </Li> <Li> Kenny Loggins ( 1977 ) on album Celebrate Me Home </Li> <Li> Mickey Gilley \n\nQuestion:\nwho sang you don't know me first\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Eddy Arnold" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1828, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nwho sang you don't know me first\n\nDocument:\nn't Know Me '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Single by Eddy Arnold </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> B - side </Th> <Td> `` The Rockin ' Mockin ' Bird '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> 1956 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Format </Th> <Td> 45 vinyl single </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Recorded </Th> <Td> 1955 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Country </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 2 : 34 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> RCA Victor </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> Eddy Arnold Cindy Walker </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` You Do n't Know Me '' is a song written by Cindy Walker based on a title and storyline given to her by Eddy Arnold in 1955 . `` You Do n't Know Me '' was first recorded by Arnold that year and released as a single on April 21 , 1956 on RCA Victor . The first version of the song to make the Billboard charts was by Jerry Vale in 1956 , peaking at # 14 on the pop chart . Arnold 's version charted two months later , released as an RCA Victor single , 47 - 6502 , backed with `` The Rockin ' Mockin ' Bird '' , which reached # 10 on the Billboard country chart . Cash Box magazine , which combined all best - selling versions at one position , included a version by Carmen McRae that never appeared in the Billboard Top 100 Sides listing . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Origin </Li> <Li> 2 Notable recorded versions </Li> <Li> 3 Charts <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Eddy Arnold </Li> <Li> 3.2 Jerry Vale </Li> <Li> 3.3 Ray Charles </Li> <Li> 3.4 Elvis Presley </Li> <Li> 3.5 Ray Pennington </Li> <Li> 3.6 Mickey Gilley </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> <Li> 5 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Origin ( edit ) </H2> <P> In his book Eddy Arnold : Pioneer of the Nashville Sound , author Michael Streissguth describes how the song came to be : </P> <P> Cindy Walker , who had supplied Eddy with `` Take Me in Your Arms and Hold Me '' ( a number one country record in 1949 and Eddy 's first Cindy Walker release ) , recalled discussing the idea for `` You Do n't Know Me '' with Eddy as she was leaving one of Nashville 's annual disc - jockey conventions . `` I went up to the Victor suite to tell Steve Sholes good - bye , '' she explained , `` and just as I was leaving , Eddy came in the door . '' </P> <P> Walker remembered him saying , `` I got a song title for you ... ' You Do n't Know Me . ' '' </P> <P> `` But I know you , '' teased Walker . </P> <P> `` This is serious , replied Eddy , who proceeded to outline his idea . </P> <P> The songwriter promised to let the idea stew in her head for a while . And soon , she remembered , the lyrics tumbled onto the page . `` The song just started singing . It sort of wrote itself ... '' </P> <H2> Notable recorded versions ( edit ) </H2> <P> The best - selling version of the song is by Ray Charles , who took it to # 2 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in 1962 , after releasing the song on his # 1 album Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music . This version also topped the `` Easy listening '' chart for three weeks in 1962 , and was used in the 1993 comedy film Groundhog Day . The song was the 12th number one country hit for Mickey Gilley in 1981 . </P> <P> The song has been performed or recorded by hundreds of artists , including Elvis Presley , Bob Dylan , and Willie Nelson . Charles re-recorded the song with Diana Krall on his # 1 album of duets , Genius Loves Company , the only song common to both of Charles ' two # 1 albums . It was sung by Meryl Streep in the 1990 film Postcards from the Edge , by John Legend in the 2007 Curb Your Enthusiasm episode `` The Bat Mitzvah '' , by Robert Downey Jr. in the 1998 film Two Girls and a Guy , and by Lizzy Caplan in the 2013 Masters of Sex episode `` Phallic Victories '' . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article may contain indiscriminate , excessive , or irrelevant examples . Please improve the article by adding more descriptive text and removing less pertinent examples . See Wikipedia 's guide to writing better articles for further suggestions . ( February 2011 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Ul> <Li> Eddy Arnold ( 1955 ) </Li> <Li> Jerry Vale ( 1956 ) </Li> <Li> Jeanne Black ( 1960 ) </Li> <Li> Lenny Welch ( 1960 ) </Li> <Li> Patti Page ( 1961 ) on album Somethin ' Country </Li> <Li> The Anita Kerr Singers ( 1962 ) on album From Nashville The Hit Sound </Li> <Li> Ray Charles ( 1962 ) on album Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music </Li> <Li> Floyd Cramer ( 1964 ) on album Country Piano - City Strings </Li> <Li> Manfred Mann ( 1965 ) on album Mann Made </Li> <Li> Rick Nelson ( 1965 ) on album Best Always </Li> <Li> Jackie Wilson ( 1965 ) on album Spotlight on Jackie Wilson ! </Li> <Li> Jan Howard ( 1967 ) on album This Is Jan Howard Country </Li> <Li> Elvis Presley ( 1967 ) on album Clambake </Li> <Li> Ray Pennington ( 1970 ) on album Sings for the Other Woman </Li> <Li> Roy Orbison ( 1973 ) on album Milestones ( Roy Orbison album ) </Li> <Li> Steve Marriott ( 1976 ) on album Marriott </Li> <Li> Bette Midler ( 1977 ) on album Broken Blossom </Li> <Li> Kenny Loggins ( 1977 ) on album Celebrate Me Home </Li> <Li> Mickey Gilley \n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Eddy Arnold" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1773, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\nYou Do n't Know Me ( Eddy Arnold song ) - wikipedia <H1> You Do n't Know Me ( Eddy Arnold song ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the Eddy Arnold song . For other uses , see You Do n't Know Me ( disambiguation ) . <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( October 2008 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> `` You Do n't Know Me '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Single by Eddy Arnold </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> B - side </Th> <Td> `` The Rockin ' Mockin ' Bird '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> 1956 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Format </Th> <Td> 45 vinyl single </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Recorded </Th> <Td> 1955 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Country </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 2 : 34 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> RCA Victor </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> Eddy Arnold Cindy Walker </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` You Do n't Know Me '' is a song written by Cindy Walker based on a title and storyline given to her by Eddy Arnold in 1955 . `` You Do n't Know Me '' was first recorded by Arnold that year and released as a single on April 21 , 1956 on RCA Victor . The first version of the song to make the Billboard charts was by Jerry Vale in 1956 , peaking at # 14 on the pop chart . Arnold 's version charted two months later , released as an RCA Victor single , 47 - 6502 , backed with `` The Rockin ' Mockin ' Bird '' , which reached # 10 on the Billboard country chart . Cash Box magazine , which combined all best - selling versions at one position , included a version by Carmen McRae that never appeared in the Billboard Top 100 Sides listing . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Origin </Li> <Li> 2 Notable recorded versions </Li> <Li> 3 Charts <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Eddy Arnold </Li> <Li> 3.2 Jerry Vale </Li> <Li> 3.3 Ray Charles </Li> <Li> 3.4 Elvis Presley </Li> <Li> 3.5 Ray Pennington </Li> <Li> 3.6 Mickey Gilley </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> <Li> 5 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Origin ( edit ) </H2> <P> In his book Eddy Arnold : Pioneer of the Nashville Sound , author Michael Streissguth describes how the song came to be : </P> <P> Cindy Walker , who had supplied Eddy with `` Take Me in Your Arms and Hold Me '' ( a number one country record in 1949 and Eddy 's first Cindy Walker release ) , recalled discussing the idea for `` You Do n't Know Me '' with Eddy as she was leaving one of Nashville 's annual disc - jockey conventions . `` I went up to the Victor suite to tell Steve Sholes good - bye , '' she explained , `` and just as I was leaving , Eddy came in the door . '' </P> <P> Walker remembered him saying , `` I got a song title for you ... ' You Do n't Know Me . ' '' </P> <P> `` But I know you , '' teased Walker . </P> <P> `` This is serious , replied Eddy , who proceeded to outline his idea . </P> <P> The songwriter promised to let the idea stew in her head for a while . And soon , she remembered , the lyrics tumbled onto the page . `` The song just started singing . It sort of wrote itself ... '' </P> <H2> Notable recorded versions ( edit ) </H2> <P> The best - selling version of the song is by Ray Charles , who took it to # 2 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in 1962 , after releasing the song on his # 1 album Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music . This version also topped the `` Easy listening '' chart for three weeks in 1962 , and was used in the 1993 comedy film Groundhog Day . The song was the 12th number one country hit for Mickey Gilley in 1981 . </P> <P> The song has been performed or recorded by hundreds of artists , including Elvis Presley , Bob Dylan , and Willie Nelson . Charles re-recorded the song with Diana Krall on his # 1 album of duets , Genius Loves Company , the only song common to both of Charles ' two # 1 albums . It was sung by Meryl Streep in the 1990 film Postcards from the Edge , by John Legend in the 2007 Curb Your Enthusiasm episode `` The Bat Mitzvah '' , by Robert Downey Jr. in the 1998 film Two Girls and a Guy , and by Lizzy Caplan in the 2013 Masters of Sex episode `` Phallic Victories '' . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article may contain indiscriminate , excessive , or irrelevant examples . Please improve the article by adding more descriptive text and removing less pertinent examples . See Wikipedia 's guide to writing better articles for further suggestions . ( February 2011 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Ul> <Li> Eddy Arnold ( 1955 ) </Li> <Li> Jerry Vale ( 1956 ) </Li> <Li> Jeanne Black ( 1960 ) </Li> <Li> Lenny Welch ( 1960 ) </Li> <Li> Patti Page ( 1961 ) on album Somethin ' Country </Li> <Li> The Anita Kerr Singers ( 1962 ) on album From Nashville The Hit Sound </Li> <Li> Ray Charles ( 1962 ) on album Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music </Li> <Li> Floyd Cramer ( 1964 ) on album Country Piano - City Strings </Li> <Li> Manfred Mann ( 1965 ) on album Mann Mad\n\nQuestion:\nwho sang you don't know me first\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Eddy Arnold" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1773, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nwho sang you don't know me first\n\nDocument:\nYou Do n't Know Me ( Eddy Arnold song ) - wikipedia <H1> You Do n't Know Me ( Eddy Arnold song ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the Eddy Arnold song . For other uses , see You Do n't Know Me ( disambiguation ) . <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( October 2008 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> `` You Do n't Know Me '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Single by Eddy Arnold </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> B - side </Th> <Td> `` The Rockin ' Mockin ' Bird '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> 1956 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Format </Th> <Td> 45 vinyl single </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Recorded </Th> <Td> 1955 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Country </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 2 : 34 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> RCA Victor </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> Eddy Arnold Cindy Walker </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` You Do n't Know Me '' is a song written by Cindy Walker based on a title and storyline given to her by Eddy Arnold in 1955 . `` You Do n't Know Me '' was first recorded by Arnold that year and released as a single on April 21 , 1956 on RCA Victor . The first version of the song to make the Billboard charts was by Jerry Vale in 1956 , peaking at # 14 on the pop chart . Arnold 's version charted two months later , released as an RCA Victor single , 47 - 6502 , backed with `` The Rockin ' Mockin ' Bird '' , which reached # 10 on the Billboard country chart . Cash Box magazine , which combined all best - selling versions at one position , included a version by Carmen McRae that never appeared in the Billboard Top 100 Sides listing . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Origin </Li> <Li> 2 Notable recorded versions </Li> <Li> 3 Charts <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Eddy Arnold </Li> <Li> 3.2 Jerry Vale </Li> <Li> 3.3 Ray Charles </Li> <Li> 3.4 Elvis Presley </Li> <Li> 3.5 Ray Pennington </Li> <Li> 3.6 Mickey Gilley </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> <Li> 5 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Origin ( edit ) </H2> <P> In his book Eddy Arnold : Pioneer of the Nashville Sound , author Michael Streissguth describes how the song came to be : </P> <P> Cindy Walker , who had supplied Eddy with `` Take Me in Your Arms and Hold Me '' ( a number one country record in 1949 and Eddy 's first Cindy Walker release ) , recalled discussing the idea for `` You Do n't Know Me '' with Eddy as she was leaving one of Nashville 's annual disc - jockey conventions . `` I went up to the Victor suite to tell Steve Sholes good - bye , '' she explained , `` and just as I was leaving , Eddy came in the door . '' </P> <P> Walker remembered him saying , `` I got a song title for you ... ' You Do n't Know Me . ' '' </P> <P> `` But I know you , '' teased Walker . </P> <P> `` This is serious , replied Eddy , who proceeded to outline his idea . </P> <P> The songwriter promised to let the idea stew in her head for a while . And soon , she remembered , the lyrics tumbled onto the page . `` The song just started singing . It sort of wrote itself ... '' </P> <H2> Notable recorded versions ( edit ) </H2> <P> The best - selling version of the song is by Ray Charles , who took it to # 2 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in 1962 , after releasing the song on his # 1 album Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music . This version also topped the `` Easy listening '' chart for three weeks in 1962 , and was used in the 1993 comedy film Groundhog Day . The song was the 12th number one country hit for Mickey Gilley in 1981 . </P> <P> The song has been performed or recorded by hundreds of artists , including Elvis Presley , Bob Dylan , and Willie Nelson . Charles re-recorded the song with Diana Krall on his # 1 album of duets , Genius Loves Company , the only song common to both of Charles ' two # 1 albums . It was sung by Meryl Streep in the 1990 film Postcards from the Edge , by John Legend in the 2007 Curb Your Enthusiasm episode `` The Bat Mitzvah '' , by Robert Downey Jr. in the 1998 film Two Girls and a Guy , and by Lizzy Caplan in the 2013 Masters of Sex episode `` Phallic Victories '' . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article may contain indiscriminate , excessive , or irrelevant examples . Please improve the article by adding more descriptive text and removing less pertinent examples . See Wikipedia 's guide to writing better articles for further suggestions . ( February 2011 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Ul> <Li> Eddy Arnold ( 1955 ) </Li> <Li> Jerry Vale ( 1956 ) </Li> <Li> Jeanne Black ( 1960 ) </Li> <Li> Lenny Welch ( 1960 ) </Li> <Li> Patti Page ( 1961 ) on album Somethin ' Country </Li> <Li> The Anita Kerr Singers ( 1962 ) on album From Nashville The Hit Sound </Li> <Li> Ray Charles ( 1962 ) on album Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music </Li> <Li> Floyd Cramer ( 1964 ) on album Country Piano - City Strings </Li> <Li> Manfred Mann ( 1965 ) on album Mann Mad\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Eddy Arnold" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1547, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\nreen light to start production . On June 10 , 2010 , less than three weeks into the first season 's summer hiatus , it was announced that Fox was ordering a third season . A fourth season was announced on May 9 , 2011 , just a few days before the second season concluded . </P> <H3> Executive producers ( edit ) </H3> <P> Seth MacFarlane , Mike Henry and Richard Appel served as executive producers on the series since the first season . </P> <H3> Voice cast ( edit ) </H3> <P> Mike Henry voices two of the show 's main characters : Cleveland Brown and Rallo Tubbs . The voice of Cleveland was developed originally for Family Guy by Henry after being influenced by one of his best friends who had a very distinct regional accent . For the voice of Rallo , Henry has stated that he had originally created the voice over twenty years ago , when he had made a series of prank calls . </P> <P> Sanaa Lathan voices Donna Tubbs , the wife of Cleveland , stepmother of Cleveland Brown Jr. , and mother of Roberta and Rallo Tubbs . In developing the character , Lathan said that the producers `` wanted her to be educated , but to have some edge . '' Prior to voicing Donna , Lathan had only one other voice credit in a relatively low - budget film entitled The Golden Blaze . In addition to the show , she also primarily worked as an actress in such films as Alien vs. Predator , Love & Basketball and The Family That Preys . </P> <P> Reagan Gomez - Preston plays Roberta Tubbs , the stepdaughter of Cleveland . Gomez has stated that she uses her own voice to portray Roberta , and that she herself gets mistaken for a fifteen - year - old over the phone `` all the time . '' Before Gomez was cast as Roberta , Nia Long ( who co-starred with Lathan in The Best Man franchise ) provided the character 's voice during the first thirteen episodes . According to Long , she was replaced because producers decided they wanted an actress with a younger - sounding voice , given that the character is a teenager . </P> <P> Kevin Michael Richardson , a recurring guest voice on Family Guy and American Dad , portrays Cleveland , Jr. , as well as Cleveland 's next door neighbor Lester Krinklesac . In portraying Cleveland , Jr. , Richardson drew inspiration from a character named Patrick that he had played on the NBC drama series ER who was mentally impaired and wore a football helmet . For Lester , Richardson stated in an interview that , being African American , he had `` run into a few rednecks in ( his ) time , '' and decided to simply perform a stereotypical redneck impression for the voice of Lester . </P> <P> Jason Sudeikis plays Holt Richter , one of Cleveland 's drinking buddies with a short stature , and Terry Kimple , one of Cleveland 's longtime friends who now works with him at Waterman Cable . Sudeikis originally began as a recurring cast member , but starting with the episode `` Harder , Better , Faster , Browner '' , he was promoted to a series regular . </P> <P> Seth MacFarlane played Tim the Bear up until season 3 episode 10 , which MacFarlane admits is a `` Steve Martin impression ( ... ) a Wild and Crazy Guy impression '' . Jess Harnell voices Tim from season 3 episode 11 onwards . </P> <P> Other voices include that of Arianna Huffington as Tim 's wife Arianna the Bear , Nat Faxon as Tim and Arianna 's son Raymond the Bear , Jamie Kennedy as Roberta 's boyfriend Gabriel Friedman , a.k.a. `` Federline Jones '' , Will Forte as Principal Wally , Frances Callier as Evelyn `` Cookie '' Brown , Craig Robinson as LeVar `` Freight Train '' Brown and David Lynch as Gus the bartender . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"6\"> Main cast members </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Mike Henry </Td> <Td> Sanaa Lathan </Td> <Td> Reagan Gomez - Preston </Td> <Td> Kevin Michael Richardson </Td> <Td> Jason Sudeikis </Td> <Td> Seth MacFarlane </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Cleveland Brown , Rallo Tubbs </Td> <Td> Donna Tubbs </Td> <Td> Roberta Tubbs </Td> <Td> Cleveland Brown , Jr. and Lester Krinklesac </Td> <Td> Holt Richter and Terry Kimple </Td> <Td> Tim the Bear </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Characters ( edit ) </H2> Main article : List of The Cleveland Show characters The Brown - Tubbs family . Clockwise from top left : Cleveland , Donna , Roberta , Rallo , and Cleveland , Jr ... <P> Cleveland 's newly introduced family includes his new wife in her early forties , Donna Tubbs Brown ( voiced by Sanaa Lathan ) ; Donna 's teenage daughter Roberta ( originally voiced by Nia Long , but later voiced by Reagan Gomez - Preston ) ; and Donna 's five - year - old son Rallo ( also voiced by Mike Henry ) . Cleveland , Jr. underwent a complete redesign for the show , becoming sensitive and soft - spoken . </P> <H2> Episodes ( edit ) </H2> Main article : List of The Cleveland Show episodes <Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Season </Th> <Th> Episodes </Th> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Originally aired </Th> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Nielsen ratings </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> First aired </Th> <Th> Last aired </Th> <Th> Rank </Th> <Th> Viewers ( millions ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <T\n\nQuestion:\nwho does cleveland's voice on the cleveland show\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Mike Henry" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1547, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nwho does cleveland's voice on the cleveland show\n\nDocument:\nreen light to start production . On June 10 , 2010 , less than three weeks into the first season 's summer hiatus , it was announced that Fox was ordering a third season . A fourth season was announced on May 9 , 2011 , just a few days before the second season concluded . </P> <H3> Executive producers ( edit ) </H3> <P> Seth MacFarlane , Mike Henry and Richard Appel served as executive producers on the series since the first season . </P> <H3> Voice cast ( edit ) </H3> <P> Mike Henry voices two of the show 's main characters : Cleveland Brown and Rallo Tubbs . The voice of Cleveland was developed originally for Family Guy by Henry after being influenced by one of his best friends who had a very distinct regional accent . For the voice of Rallo , Henry has stated that he had originally created the voice over twenty years ago , when he had made a series of prank calls . </P> <P> Sanaa Lathan voices Donna Tubbs , the wife of Cleveland , stepmother of Cleveland Brown Jr. , and mother of Roberta and Rallo Tubbs . In developing the character , Lathan said that the producers `` wanted her to be educated , but to have some edge . '' Prior to voicing Donna , Lathan had only one other voice credit in a relatively low - budget film entitled The Golden Blaze . In addition to the show , she also primarily worked as an actress in such films as Alien vs. Predator , Love & Basketball and The Family That Preys . </P> <P> Reagan Gomez - Preston plays Roberta Tubbs , the stepdaughter of Cleveland . Gomez has stated that she uses her own voice to portray Roberta , and that she herself gets mistaken for a fifteen - year - old over the phone `` all the time . '' Before Gomez was cast as Roberta , Nia Long ( who co-starred with Lathan in The Best Man franchise ) provided the character 's voice during the first thirteen episodes . According to Long , she was replaced because producers decided they wanted an actress with a younger - sounding voice , given that the character is a teenager . </P> <P> Kevin Michael Richardson , a recurring guest voice on Family Guy and American Dad , portrays Cleveland , Jr. , as well as Cleveland 's next door neighbor Lester Krinklesac . In portraying Cleveland , Jr. , Richardson drew inspiration from a character named Patrick that he had played on the NBC drama series ER who was mentally impaired and wore a football helmet . For Lester , Richardson stated in an interview that , being African American , he had `` run into a few rednecks in ( his ) time , '' and decided to simply perform a stereotypical redneck impression for the voice of Lester . </P> <P> Jason Sudeikis plays Holt Richter , one of Cleveland 's drinking buddies with a short stature , and Terry Kimple , one of Cleveland 's longtime friends who now works with him at Waterman Cable . Sudeikis originally began as a recurring cast member , but starting with the episode `` Harder , Better , Faster , Browner '' , he was promoted to a series regular . </P> <P> Seth MacFarlane played Tim the Bear up until season 3 episode 10 , which MacFarlane admits is a `` Steve Martin impression ( ... ) a Wild and Crazy Guy impression '' . Jess Harnell voices Tim from season 3 episode 11 onwards . </P> <P> Other voices include that of Arianna Huffington as Tim 's wife Arianna the Bear , Nat Faxon as Tim and Arianna 's son Raymond the Bear , Jamie Kennedy as Roberta 's boyfriend Gabriel Friedman , a.k.a. `` Federline Jones '' , Will Forte as Principal Wally , Frances Callier as Evelyn `` Cookie '' Brown , Craig Robinson as LeVar `` Freight Train '' Brown and David Lynch as Gus the bartender . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"6\"> Main cast members </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Mike Henry </Td> <Td> Sanaa Lathan </Td> <Td> Reagan Gomez - Preston </Td> <Td> Kevin Michael Richardson </Td> <Td> Jason Sudeikis </Td> <Td> Seth MacFarlane </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Cleveland Brown , Rallo Tubbs </Td> <Td> Donna Tubbs </Td> <Td> Roberta Tubbs </Td> <Td> Cleveland Brown , Jr. and Lester Krinklesac </Td> <Td> Holt Richter and Terry Kimple </Td> <Td> Tim the Bear </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Characters ( edit ) </H2> Main article : List of The Cleveland Show characters The Brown - Tubbs family . Clockwise from top left : Cleveland , Donna , Roberta , Rallo , and Cleveland , Jr ... <P> Cleveland 's newly introduced family includes his new wife in her early forties , Donna Tubbs Brown ( voiced by Sanaa Lathan ) ; Donna 's teenage daughter Roberta ( originally voiced by Nia Long , but later voiced by Reagan Gomez - Preston ) ; and Donna 's five - year - old son Rallo ( also voiced by Mike Henry ) . Cleveland , Jr. underwent a complete redesign for the show , becoming sensitive and soft - spoken . </P> <H2> Episodes ( edit ) </H2> Main article : List of The Cleveland Show episodes <Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Season </Th> <Th> Episodes </Th> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Originally aired </Th> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Nielsen ratings </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> First aired </Th> <Th> Last aired </Th> <Th> Rank </Th> <Th> Viewers ( millions ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <T\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Mike Henry" } ]