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astro-ph/9811342
In a previous paper (Veron et al. 1997) we presented medium resolution (3.4 A FWHM) spectroscopic observations of 15 "transition objects", selected for having an ambiguous location in the Veilleux & Osterbrock (1987) diagnostic diagrams, and showed that most of them were in fact "composite", this being due to the simultaneous presence on the slit of both a Seyfert or Liner nucleus and a HII region. Here, we report new spectroscopic observations of 53 emission-line galaxies with a "transition" spectrum, bringing up to 61 the total number of observed objects in an unbiased sample of 88 "transition objects". Almost all of the observed galaxies have a "composite" nature, confirming the finding that true "transition" spectra may not exist at all. By eliminating "composite objects" from the diagnostic diagrams, a clear separation between the different classes of nuclear emission-line regions (Seyfert 2s, Liners and HII regions) becomes apparent; by restricting the volume occupied by the different line-emitting regions in the 3-dimensional diagnostic diagrams, we are also restricting the range of possible physical parameters in these regions. There seems to be no continuity between Seyfert 2s and Liners, the two classes occupying distinct volumes in the 3-dimensional space defined by [OIII]5007/Hbeta, [NII]6583/Halpha, and [OI]6300/Halpha.
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2207.12354
We consider integrable boundary states in the XXX spin-1/2 spin chain. We begin by briefly reviewing the algebraic Bethe Ansatz as well as integrable boundary states in spin chains. Then a recently discovered class of integrable states known as crosscap states is described and expanded. In these states each spin is entangled with its antipodal spin. We present a novel proof of the integrability of both a crosscap state that is known in the literature and one that has not previously been studied. We then use the machinery of the algebraic Bethe Ansatz to derive the overlaps between the crosscap states and off-shell Bethe states.
a9251ef6-f6b9-4147-97b2-9b9ed2ce1cba
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2112.14573
Modelling the broadband emission of jetted active galactic nuclei (AGN) constitutes one of the main research topics of extragalactic astrophysics in the multi-wavelength and multi-messenger domain. We present agnpy, an open-source python package modelling the radiative processes of relativistic particles accelerated in the jets of active galactic nuclei. The package includes classes describing the galaxy components responsible for line and thermal emission and calculates the absorption due to $\gamma\gamma$ pair production on several photon fields. agnpy aims at extending the effort of modelling and interpreting the emission of extragalactic sources to a wide number of astrophysicists. We present the package content and illustrate a few examples of applications of its functionalities. We validate the software by comparing its results against the literature and against other open-source software. We illustrate the utility of agnpy in addressing the most common questions encountered while modelling the emission of jetted active galaxies. When comparing its results against the literature and other modelling tools adopting the same physical assumptions, we achieve an agreement within $10-30\%$. agnpy represents one of the first systematic and validated collection of established radiative processes for jetted active galaxies in an open-source python package. We hope it will stand also among the first endeavours providing reproducible and transparent astrophysical software not only for data reduction and analysis, but also for modelling and interpretation.
a9251f3f-63b9-4f8c-a7c0-bb5c8e210b4d
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1706.02697
We report high-pressure magnetization and $^{35}$Cl NMR studies on $\alpha$-RuCl$_3$ with pressure up to 1.5~GPa. At low pressures, the magnetic ordering is identified by both the magnetization data and the NMR data, where the $T_N$ shows a concave shape dependence with pressure. These data suggest stacking rearrangement along the $c$-axis. With increasing pressure, phase separation appears prominently at $P\ge$~0.45~GPa, and the magnetic volume fraction is completely suppressed at $P\ge$~1.05~GPa. Meanwhile, a phase-transition-like behavior emerges at high pressures in the remaining volume by a sharp drop of magnetization $M(T)$ upon cooling, with the transition temperature $T_x$ increased to ~250~K at 1~GPa. The $1/^{35}T_1$ is reduced by over three orders of magnitude when cooled below 100~K. This characterizes a high-pressure, low-temperature phase with nearly absent static susceptibility and low-energy spin fluctuations. The nature of the high-pressure ground state is discussed, where a magnetically disordered state is proposed as a candidate state.
a9252d32-d0fd-4141-94f9-dfdec2db9c0d
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1606.05165
We use first-principles calculations based on density functional theory to investigate the interplay between oxygen vacancies, A-site cation size / tolerance factor, epitaxial strain, ferroelectricity and magnetism in the perovskite manganite series, AMnO3 (A=Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+). We find that, as expected, increasing the volume through either chemical pressure or tensile strain generally lowers the formation energy of neutral oxygen vacancies consistent with their established tendency to expand the lattice. Increased volume also favors polar distortions, both because competing rotations of the oxygen octahedra are suppressed and because coulomb repulsion associated with cation off-centering is reduced. Interestingly, the presence of ferroelectric polarization favors ferromagnetic over antiferromagnetic ordering due to suppressed antiferromagnetic superexchange as the polar distortion bends the Mn-O-Mn bond angles away from the optimal 180deg. Intriguingly, we find that polar distortions compete with the formation of oxygen vacancies, which have a higher formation energy in the polar phases; conversely the presence of oxygen vacancies suppresses the onset of polarization. In contrast, oxygen vacancy formation energies are lower for ferromagnetic than antiferromagnetic orderings of the same structure type. Our findings suggest a rich and complex phase diagram, in which defect chemistry, polarization, structure and magnetism can be modified using chemical potential, strain, and electric or magnetic fields.
a9253b55-90b0-45e2-be09-8635f49da246
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1909.07126
In this paper, we present a Chebyshev based spectral method for the computation of the Jost solutions corresponding to complex values of the spectral parameter in the Zakharov--Shabat scattering problem. The discrete framework is then used to devise a new algorithm based on a minimum total variation (MTV) principle for the computation of the norming constants which comprise the discrete part of the nonlinear Fourier spectrum. The method relies on the MTV principle to find the points where the expressions for norming constants are numerically well-conditioned.
a9254250-d53b-4e7e-a60d-e71c89182445
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2110.03050
We determine the inner product on the Hilbert space of wavefunctions of the universe by imposing the Hermiticity of the quantum Hamiltonian in the context of the minisuperspace model. The corresponding quantum probability density reproduces successfully the classical probability distribution in the $\hbar \to 0$ limit, for closed universes filled with a perfect fluid of index $w$. When $-1/3<w\le 1$, the wavefunction is normalizable and the quantum probability density becomes vanishingly small at the big bang/big crunch singularities, at least at the semi-classical level. Quantum expectation values of physical geometrical quantities, which diverge classically at the singularities, are shown to be finite.
a9254309-d4b9-457b-80a5-35c4dc6186c8
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2103.09505
Context: The long-term carbonate-silicate cycle plays an important role in the evolution of Earth's climate and, therefore, may also be an important mechanism in the evolution of the climates of Earth-like exoplanets. Aims: We investigate the effects of radiogenic mantle heating, core size, and planetary mass on the evolution of the atmospheric partial $CO_2$ pressure, and the ability of a long-term carbon cycle driven by plate tectonics to control the atmospheric $CO_2$ pressure. Methods: We developed a box-model which connects carbon cycling to parametrized mantle convection. The carbon cycle was coupled to the thermal evolution via the plate speed, which depends on the global Rayleigh number. Results: We find decreasing atmospheric $CO_2$ pressure with time, up to an order of magnitude over 10 Gyr. Higher abundances of radioactive isotopes result in higher $CO_2$ pressures. We find a decreasing Rayleigh number and plate speed toward planets with larger core mass fractions $f_c$, which leads to lower atmospheric $CO_2$ pressure. More massive planets may favor the development of more $CO_2$ rich atmospheres due to hotter interiors. Conclusions: The dependence of plate tectonics on mantle cooling has a significant effect on the long-term evolution of the atmospheric $CO_2$ pressure. Carbon cycling mediated by plate tectonics is efficient in regulating planetary climates for a wide range of mantle radioactive isotope abundances, planet masses and core sizes. More efficient carbon cycling on planets with a high mantle abundance of thorium or uranium highlights the importance of mapping the abundances of these elements in host stars of potentially habitable exoplanets. Inefficient carbon recycling on planets with a large core mass fraction ($f_c\gtrsim 0.8$) emphasizes the importance of precise mass-radius measurements of Earth-sized exoplanets.
a9254862-aeab-4083-b5ff-402572fbb7a6
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1509.01494
In this paper, we study the existence of positive entire large and bounded radial positive solutions for a nonlinear system. Our results give an answer of the question raised in [11].
a92548cd-8762-4325-8433-0bcb7162cf81
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-0.042705577, -0.068459146, 0.05542706, -0.053501688, -0.050348304, -0.030037636, -0.019797735, -0.02594755, 0.02863318, 0.008022643, 0.0128665995, -0.01574638, 0.036646977, 0.077011146, -0.0022320228, 0.02521501, 0.025950408, 0.008478894, 0.009860402, 0.033215404, -0.02221523, 0.033582386, 0.05768983 ]
2012.05220
Stellar distances constitute a foundational pillar of astrophysics. The publication of 1.47 billion stellar parallaxes from Gaia is a major contribution to this. Yet despite Gaia's precision, the majority of these stars are so distant or faint that their fractional parallax uncertainties are large, thereby precluding a simple inversion of parallax to provide a distance. Here we take a probabilistic approach to estimating stellar distances that uses a prior constructed from a three-dimensional model of our Galaxy. This model includes interstellar extinction and Gaia's variable magnitude limit. We infer two types of distance. The first, geometric, uses the parallax together with a direction-dependent prior on distance. The second, photogeometric, additionally uses the colour and apparent magnitude of a star, by exploiting the fact that stars of a given colour have a restricted range of probable absolute magnitudes (plus extinction). Tests on simulated data and external validations show that the photogeometric estimates generally have higher accuracy and precision for stars with poor parallaxes. We provide a catalogue of 1.47 billion geometric and 1.35 billion photogeometric distances together with asymmetric uncertainty measures. Our estimates are quantiles of a posterior probability distribution, so they transform invariably and can therefore also be used directly in the distance modulus (5log10(r)-5). The catalogue may be downloaded or queried using ADQL at various sites (see http://www.mpia.de/homes/calj/gedr3_distances.html) where it can also be cross-matched with the Gaia catalogue.
a9255b5c-8908-4bcf-a942-dad263368f3a
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1202.2563
The Fokker-Planck equations describe time evolution of probability densities of stochastic dynamical systems and are thus widely used to quantify random phenomena such as uncertainty propagation. For dynamical systems driven by non-Gaussian L\'evy processes, however, it is difficult to obtain explicit forms of Fokker-Planck equations because the adjoint operators of the associated infinitesimal generators usually do not have exact formulation. In the present paper, Fokker- Planck equations are derived in terms of infinite series for nonlinear stochastic differential equations with non-Gaussian L\'evy processes. A few examples are presented to illustrate the method.
a92562ad-13ec-4c3c-b857-1771b9f3b65b
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1911.03070
Cross-lingual word embeddings transfer knowledge between languages: models trained on high-resource languages can predict in low-resource languages. We introduce CLIME, an interactive system to quickly refine cross-lingual word embeddings for a given classification problem. First, CLIME ranks words by their salience to the downstream task. Then, users mark similarity between keywords and their nearest neighbors in the embedding space. Finally, CLIME updates the embeddings using the annotations. We evaluate CLIME on identifying health-related text in four low-resource languages: Ilocano, Sinhalese, Tigrinya, and Uyghur. Embeddings refined by CLIME capture more nuanced word semantics and have higher test accuracy than the original embeddings. CLIME often improves accuracy faster than an active learning baseline and can be easily combined with active learning to improve results.
a9256359-5063-41a8-8d01-2202037a22a8
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2108.05311
We use the infinite volume reconstruction method to calculate the charged/neutral pion mass difference. The hadronic tensor is calculated on lattice QCD and then combined with an analytic photon propagator, and the mass splitting is calculated with exponentially-suppressed finite volume errors. The calculation is performed using six gauge ensembles generated with $2+1$-flavor domain wall fermions, and five ensembles are at the physical pion mass. Both Feynman and Coulomb gauge are adopted in the calculation and result in a good agreement when the lattice spacing approaches zero. After performing the continuum extrapolation and examining the residual finite-volume effects, we obtain the pion mass splitting $\Delta m_\pi = 4.534(42)(43)~\mathrm{MeV}$, which agrees well with experimental measurements.
a92565f7-b211-4b74-b2d4-b07bb8dff4c4
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1912.04943
We present SKD, a novel keypoint detector that uses saliency to determine the best candidates from a point cloud for tasks such as registration and reconstruction. The approach can be applied to any differentiable deep learning descriptor by using the gradients of that descriptor with respect to the 3D position of the input points as a measure of their saliency. The saliency is combined with the original descriptor and context information in a neural network, which is trained to learn robust keypoint candidates. The key intuition behind this approach is that keypoints are not extracted solely as a result of the geometry surrounding a point, but also take into account the descriptor's response. The approach was evaluated on two large LIDAR datasets - the Oxford RobotCar dataset and the KITTI dataset, where we obtain up to 50% improvement over the state-of-the-art in both matchability and repeatability. When performing sparse matching with the keypoints computed by our method we achieve a higher inlier ratio and faster convergence.
a92566ec-ca47-4bff-8856-b13c22639608
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1707.02845
We investigate the dependence of transmission losses on the choice of a slack bus in high voltage AC transmission networks. We formulate a transmission loss minimization problem in terms of slack variables representing the additional power injection that each generator provides to compensate the transmission losses. We show analytically that for transmission lines having small, homogeneous resistance over reactance ratios ${r/x\ll1}$, transmission losses are generically minimal in the case of a unique \textit{slack bus} instead of a distributed slack bus. For the unique slack bus scenario, to lowest order in ${r/x}$, transmission losses depend linearly on a resistance distance based indicator measuring the separation of the slack bus candidate from the rest of the network. We confirm these results numerically for several IEEE and Pegase testcases, and show that our predictions qualitatively hold also in the case of lines having inhomogeneous ${r/x}$ ratios, with optimal slack bus choices reducing transmission losses by ${10}\%$ typically.
a9257564-2d5f-41f4-854e-6e52fa13b5fd
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2204.00733
We consider the Clarkson-McLeod solutions of the fourth Painlev\'e equation. This family of solutions behave like $\kappa D_{\alpha-\frac{1}{2}}^2(\sqrt{2}x)$ as $x\rightarrow +\infty$, where $\kappa $ is an arbitrary real constant and $D_{\alpha-\frac{1}{2}}(x)$ is the parabolic cylinder function. Using the Deift-Zhou nonlinear steepest descent method, we obtain the singular asymptotics of the solutions as $x\to-\infty$ when $\kappa \left( \kappa -\kappa ^*\right )>0$ for some real constant $\kappa ^*$. The connection formulas are also explicitly evaluated. This proves and extends Clarkson and McLeod's conjecture that when the parameter $\kappa >\kappa ^*>0$, the Clarkson-McLeod solutions have infinitely many simple poles on the negative real axis.
a92578a6-0b67-4b50-848d-9bb210a38582
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2102.01390
Special point defects in semiconductors have been envisioned as suitable components for quantum-information technology. The identification of new deep centers in silicon that can be easily activated and controlled is a main target of the research in the field. Vacancy-related complexes are suitable to provide deep electronic levels but they are hard to control spatially. With the spirit of investigating solid state devices with intentional vacancy-related defects at controlled position, here we report on the functionalization of silicon vacancies by implanting Ge atoms through single-ion implantation, producing Ge-vacancy (GeV) complexes. We investigate the quantum transport through an array of GeV complexes in a silicon-based transistor. By exploiting a model based on an extended Hubbard Hamiltonian derived from ab-initio results we find anomalous activation energy values of the thermally activated conductance of both quasi-localized and delocalized many-body states, compared to conventional dopants. We identify such states, forming the upper Hubbard band, as responsible of the experimental sub-threshold transport across the transistor. The combination of our model with the single-ion implantation method enables future research for the engineering of GeV complexes towards the creation of spatially controllable individual defects in silicon for applications in quantum information technologies.
a92579b5-6507-43bb-8cce-69e4cbbc23d0
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2201.01231
The method of characteristics is extended to set-valued Hamilton-Jacobi equations. This problems arises from a calculus of variations' problem with a multicriteria Lagrangian function: through an embedding into a set-valued framework, a set-valued Hamilton-Jacobi equation is derived, where the Hamiltonian function is the Fenchel conjugate of the Lagrangian function. In this paper a method of characteristics is described and some results are given for the Fenchel conjugate.
a9257a2e-002e-493c-b0f5-7fcb08f06ee6
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1310.3984
In this short report, we investigate the ability of the DCCA coefficient to measure correlation level between non-stationary series. Based on a wide Monte Carlo simulation study, we show that the DCCA coefficient can estimate the correlation coefficient accurately regardless the strength of non-stationarity (measured by the fractional differencing parameter $d$). For a comparison, we also report the results for the standard Pearson's correlation coefficient. The DCCA coefficient dominates the Pearson's coefficient for non-stationary series.
a92592e6-2cdc-4adf-aae2-f7b01280f535
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1908.10128
Ecological risk assessment requires large amounts of chemical effect data from laboratory experiments. Due to experimental effort and animal welfare concerns it is desired to extrapolate data from existing sources. To cover the required chemical effect data several data sources need to be integrated to enable their interoperability. In this paper we introduce the Toxicological Effect and Risk Assessment (TERA) knowledge graph, which aims at providing such integrated view, and the data preparation and steps followed to construct this knowledge graph. We also present the applications of TERA for chemical effect prediction and the potential applications within the Semantic Web community.
a9259a1c-bfdf-4f62-87cf-1df14a3e87d5
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0.043529633, 0.0089738155, 0.076021895, -0.047154386, -0.024730789, 0.043146454, -0.029427575, -0.08181835, -0.07229048, -0.048308227, 0.012571944, 0.042009078, 0.009237789, -0.009645663, -0.034866, 0.003880644, 0.0922149, -0.014093148, 0.0065397345, 0.044267125, -0.0034362257, 0.0142506575, 0.0073215975, -0.0029962936, 0.0419812, 0.059948824 ]
astro-ph/0602473
We use a sample of 87 rest-frame UV-selected star-forming galaxies with mean spectroscopic redshift z=2.26 to study the correlation between metallicity and stellar mass at high redshift. Using stellar masses determined from SED fitting to 0.3-8 micron photometry, we divide the sample into six bins in stellar mass, and construct six composite H-alpha+[NII] spectra from all of the objects in each bin. We estimate the mean oxygen abundance in each bin from the [NII]/H-alpha ratio, and find a monotonic increase in metallicity with increasing stellar mass, from 12+log(O/H) < 8.2 for galaxies with <M_star> = 2.7e9 Msun to 12+log(O/H) = 8.6 for galaxies with <M_star> = 1e11 Msun. We use the empirical relation between star formation rate density and gas density to estimate the gas fractions of the galaxies, finding an increase in gas fraction with decreasing stellar mass. These gas fractions combined with the observed metallicities allow the estimation of the effective yield y_eff as a function of stellar mass; in constrast to observations in the local universe which show a decrease in y_eff with decreasing baryonic mass, we find a slight increase. Such a variation of metallicity with gas fraction is best fit by a model with supersolar yield and an outflow rate ~4 times higher than the star formation rate. We conclude that the mass-metallicity relation at high redshift is driven by the increase in metallicity as the gas fraction decreases through star formation, and is likely modulated by metal loss from strong outflows in galaxies of all masses. There is no evidence for preferential loss of metals from low mass galaxies as has been suggested in the local universe. [Abridged]
a9259af1-fcef-412e-8206-d3a19fccfa9d
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1507.01179
Latent factor GARCH models are difficult to estimate using Bayesian methods because standard Markov chain Monte Carlo samplers produce slowly mixing and inefficient draws from the posterior distributions of the model parameters. This paper describes how to apply the particle Gibbs algorithm to estimate factor GARCH models efficiently. The method has two advantages over previous approaches. First, it generalises in a straightfoward way to models with multiple factors and to various members of the GARCH family. Second, it scales up well as the dimension of the o, bservation vector increases.
a925a000-f366-4367-a2f4-fd91b2f01fc3
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2010.12526
We investigate strongly nonlinear stationary gravity waves which experience refraction due to a thin vertical shear layer of horizontal background wind. The velocity amplitude of the waves is of the same order of magnitude as the background flow and hence the self-induced mean flow alters the modulation properties to leading order. In this theoretical study, we show that the stability of such a refracted wave depends on the classical modulation stability criterion for each individual layer, above and below the shearing. Additionally, the stability is conditioned by novel instability criteria providing bounds on the mean-flow horizontal wind and the amplitude of the wave. A necessary condition for instability is that the mean-flow horizontal wind in the upper layer is stronger than the wind in the lower layer.
a925a2e0-99ad-4bca-9e1b-36c38a6ca55a
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cond-mat/0306541
The conductivity and magnetization of Fe1-xCoxS2 were measured to investigate quantum critical behavior in disordered itinerant magnets. Small x (<0.001) is required to convert insulating iron pyrite into a metal, followed by a paramagnetic-to-ferromagnetic metal transition at x = 0.032+/-0.004. Singular contributions are discovered that are distinct from those at either metal-insulator or magnetic transitions. Our data reveal that disorder and low carrier density associated with proximity to a metal-insulator transition fundamentally modifies the critical behavior of the magnetic transition.
a925b34e-d6df-438e-8a9d-705cf8147dca
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0810.1603
We propose a generalization of logarithmic and Schwarzenberger bundles over $\P^n=\P^n(\C)$ when the rank is greater than $n$. The first ones are associated to finite sets of points on $\P^{n\vee}$ and the second ones to curves with degree greater than $n$ on $\P^{n\vee}$. On the projective plane we show that two logarithmic bundles are isomorphic if and only if they are associated to the same set of points or if the two sets of points belong to a curve of degree equal to the rank of the considered bundles.
a925b4c4-86c7-4187-b846-adec308cab94
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0.0050649694, -0.031586617, 0.0228802, -0.07516786, -0.05246723, -0.012949869, -0.021147344, -0.026457803, 0.016772335, 0.023836192, 0.0005725473, -0.03324675, 0.0034292564, 0.04292613, 0.016271437, 0.014766459, 0.014265064, 0.019766375, 0.010903203, 0.022733774, 0.016919464, 0.006608152, 0.07214542 ]
hep-ph/9702433
We construct a hybrid inflationary model associated with the superheavy scale of supersymmetric grand unified theories in which the inflaton potential is provided entirely by canonical supergravity. We find that the spectrum of adiabatic density perturbations is characterized by a strongly varying spectral index which is considerably larger than unity. Moreover, the total number of e-foldings is very limited. Implications of our analysis for other hybrid inflationary scenarios are briefly discussed.
a925b612-2016-420c-9b4b-ae4924711c75
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0.061869547, -0.023846345, 0.017417878, 0.03678915, -0.035138197, -0.045719903, -0.030974567, 0.02399699, 0.01565652, -0.018296788, 0.029988807, 0.014246305, -0.0650199, 0.04100492, 0.039012462, -0.018414851, -0.035276797, 0.028131733, 0.029562857, -0.0015518953, 0.018725706, -0.012276428, 0.020019675, 0.01794096 ]
2111.06135
For many functions of matrices $f(A)$, it is known that their entries exhibit a rapid -- often exponential or even superexponential -- decay away from the sparsity pattern of the matrix $A$. In this paper we specifically focus on the class of Bernstein functions, which contains the fractional powers $A^\alpha$, $\alpha \in (0,1)$ as an important special case, and derive new decay bounds by exploiting known results for the matrix exponential in conjunction with the L\'evy--Khintchine integral representation. As a particular special case, we find a result concerning the power law decay of the strength of connection in nonlocal network dynamics described by the fractional graph Laplacian, which improves upon known results from the literature by doubling the exponent in the power law.
a925be60-3bbb-49fa-b8fa-245c380bec5a
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1502.00411
Graphene, a two-dimensional (2D) material with unique electronic properties, appears to be an ideal object for the application of surface-science methods. Among them, a family of scanning probe microscopy methods (STM, AFM, KPFM) and the corresponding spectroscopy add-ons provide information about the structure and electronic properties of graphene on the local scale (from inline imagem to atoms). This review focuses on the recent applications of these microscopic/spectroscopic methods for the investigation of graphene on metals (interfaces, intercalation-like systems, graphene nanoribbons, and quantum dots, etc.). It is shown that very important information about interaction strength at the graphene/metal interfaces as well as about modification of the electronic spectrum of graphene at the Fermi level can be obtained on the local scale. The combination of these results with those obtained by other methods and comparison with recent theoretical data demonstrate the power of this approach for the investigation of the graphene-based systems.
a925c175-421d-4be0-941f-76bedcb7da09
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2204.11571
We derive a dynamical field theory for self-propelled particles subjected to generic torques and forces by explicitly coarse-graining their microscopic dynamics, described by a many-body Fokker-Planck equation. The model includes both intrinsic torques inducing self-rotation, as well as interparticle torques leading to, for instance, the local alignment of particles' orientations. Within this approach, although the functional form of the pairwise interactions does not need to be specified, one can directly map the parameters of the field theory onto the parameters of particle-based models. We perform a linear stability analysis of the homogeneous solution of the field equations and find both long-wavelength and short-wavelength instabilities. The former signals the emergence of a macroscopic structure, which we associate with motility-induced phase separation, while the second one signals the growth of a finite structure with a characteristic size. Intrinsic torques hinder phase separation, pushing the onset of the long-wavelength instability to higher activities. Further, they generate finite-sized structures with a characteristic size proportional to both the self-propulsion velocity and the inverse of the self-rotation frequency. Our results show that a general mechanism might explain why chirality tends to suppress motility-induced phase separation but instead promotes the formation of non-equilibrium patterns.
a925cab7-b176-4979-a4f9-0836b4114651
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hep-lat/9211043
We formulate lattice fermions in a way that encompasses Wilson fermions as well as the static and non-relativistic approximations. In particular, we treat $m_qa$ systematically ($m_q$ is the fermion mass) showing how to understand the Wilson action as an effective action for systems with $\vek{p}\ll m_q$. The results show how to extract matrix elements and the spectrum from simulations with $m_qa\approx1$, which is relevant for the charm quark.
a925cf67-f2c7-4aca-8a61-0325543ae401
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astro-ph/0001465
I review gamma-ray burst optical/multiwavelength afterglow observations since 1997, when the first counterparts to GRBs were discovered. I discuss what we have learned from multiwavelength observations of GRB afterglows in relation to the `standard' fireball plus relativistic blast-wave models. To first order the `standard' model describes the afterglow observations well, but a wealth of information can be gathered from the deviations of GRB afterglow observations from this `standard' model. These deviations provide information on the nature of the progenitor and on the physics of GRB production. In particular I focus on the possible connection of GRBs to supernovae, on jet and circumstellar wind models, on the early-time afterglow, and on the emission from the reverse shock.
a925d83b-60cb-40a9-ac1b-63ba5f0b235c
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1308.0360
We report the carrier densities at the surface of single-crystal quantum wells as a function of material, orientation and well width. We include wells constructed from silicon, gallium arsenide and indium arsenide with three crystal orientations, (100), (110) and (111), included for each material. We find that the D2 states in a silicon (100) quantum well have the smallest density near the surface of the slab. Inspection of the planar average of the carrier densities reveals a characteristic shape that depends on the material and orientation, which leads to a varying degree of suppression or enhancement of the density near the surface. The physics responsible for the suppression or enhancement of the density near the surface can be traced to a constraint imposed by the symmetry of quantum well wavefunction on the phases of the bulk Bloch states of the crystal from which it can be constructed.
a925f203-787d-47c0-803e-1402ab85543b
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2006.03256
With rising concern around abusive and hateful behavior on social media platforms, we present an ensemble learning method to identify and analyze the linguistic properties of such content. Our stacked ensemble comprises of three machine learning models that capture different aspects of language and provide diverse and coherent insights about inappropriate language. The proposed approach provides comparable results to the existing state-of-the-art on the Twitter Abusive Behavior dataset (Founta et al. 2018) without using any user or network-related information; solely relying on textual properties. We believe that the presented insights and discussion of shortcomings of current approaches will highlight potential directions for future research.
a925fb25-9524-4941-9ef0-7288b510d0be
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1610.01375
The static properties of the fundamental model for epidemics of diseases allowing immunity (susceptible-infected-removed model) are known to be derivable by an exact mapping to bond percolation. Yet when performing numerical simulations of these dynamics in a network a number of subtleties must be taken into account in order to correctly estimate the transition point and the associated critical properties. We expose these subtleties and identify the different quantities which play the role of criticality detector in the two dynamics.
a92607f8-4c9d-49c9-b052-29b39db74b5a
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1006.0473
Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) are an environmentally friendly technology that is expected to rapidly penetrate the transportation system. Renewable energy sources such as wind and solar have received considerable attention as clean power options for future generation expansion. However, these sources are intermittent and increase the uncertainty in the ability to generate power. The deployment of PHEVs in a vehicle-to-grid (V2G) system provide a potential mechanism for reducing the variability of renewable energy sources. For example, PHEV supporting infrastructures like battery exchange stations that provide battery service to PHEV customers could be used as storage devices to stabilize the grid when renewable energy production is fluctuating. In this paper, we study how to best site these stations in terms of how they can support both the transportation system and the power grid. To model this problem we develop a two-stage stochastic program to optimally locate the stations prior to the realization of battery demands, loads, and generation capacity of renewable power sources. We develop two test cases to study the benefits and the performance of these systems.
a9260d16-564c-47a2-9d7b-4a84b22dce91
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1205.4704
We prove a logarithmic estimate in the Hardy-Sobolev space $H^{k, 2}$, $k$ a positive integer, of the unit disk ${\mathbb D}$. This estimate extends those previously established by L. Baratchart and M. Zerner in $H^{1,2}$ and by S. Chaabane and I. Feki in $H^{k,\infty}$. We use it to derive logarithmic stability results for the inverse problem of identifying Robin's coefficients in corrosion detection by electrostatic boundary measurements and for a recovery interpolation scheme in the Hardy-Sobolev space $H^{k, 2}$ with interpolation points located on the boundary ${\mathbb T}$ of the unit disk.
a9263454-acb6-4fa3-bb63-d72ace3678f4
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hep-ex/0305029
New results reported at the Moriond-QCD 2003 conference from the experiments ALEPH, DELPHI, L3, and OPAL on the structure of the photon as well as heavy quark production in gammagamma collisions are presented. The hadronic structure of the photon is studied in single-tagged events; the interaction of two virtual photons is investigated in double-tagged events. Di-jet events allow, besides constraining the photon structure, investigations on the structure of jets, measurement of the di-jet as well as inclusive and differential cross sections. Inclusive charm and bottom production are investigated at LEP~2 energies. The total and differential cross sections for charm quarks are now measured by all four LEP collaborations, the total bottom by two. Charmonia are detected inclusively via the muonic decay of the J/psi and separated for the resolved and diffractive processes. Updated results are available for exclusive production of the eta_c meson. The search for exclusive eta_b production is presented.
a9263c69-1261-4038-affa-90c01625e105
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math-ph/0412085
We study a few problems related to Markov processes of flipping triangulations of the sphere. We show that these processes are ergodic and mixing, but find a natural example which does not satisfy detailed balance. In this example, the expected distribution of the degrees of the nodes seems to follow the power law $d^{-4}$.
a9263e3f-22a5-4ef4-8d98-5ade54458df8
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1512.01140
Established populations often exhibit oscillations in their sizes. If a population is isolated, intrinsic stochasticity of elemental processes can ultimately bring it to extinction. Here we study extinction of oscillating populations in a stochastic version of the Rosenzweig-MacArthur predator-prey model. To this end we extend a WKB approximation (after Wentzel, Kramers and Brillouin) of solving the master equation to the case of extinction from a limit cycle in the space of population sizes. We evaluate the extinction rates and find the most probable paths to extinction by applying Floquet theory to the dynamics of an effective WKB Hamiltonian. We show that the entropic barriers to extinction change in a non-analytic way as the system passes through the Hopf bifurcation. We also study the subleading pre-exponential factors of the WKB approximation.
a92641b1-ce2d-4e2d-88bb-bb8f1080283f
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1803.07513
This paper presents a novel control protocol for distance and orientation formation control of rigid bodies, whose sensing graph is a static and undirected tree, in the special Euclidean group SE(3). The proposed control laws are decentralized, in the sense that each agent uses only local relative information from its neighbors to calculate its control signal, as well as robust with respect to modeling (parametric and structural) uncertainties and external disturbances. The proposed methodology guarantees the satisfaction of inter-agent distance constraints that resemble collision avoidance and connectivity maintenance properties. Moreover, certain predefined functions characterize the transient and steady state performance of the closed loop system. Finally, simulation results verify the validity and efficiency of the proposed approach.
a9264270-c26b-4e74-b162-0ebf4d94f64e
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0911.3629
We perform a fully relativistic calculation of the $^2 H(e,e'\vec p)n$ reaction in the impulse approximation employing the Gross equation to describe the deuteron ground state, and we use the SAID parametrization of the full NN scattering amplitude to describe the final state interactions (FSIs). The formalism for treating the ejectile polarization with a spin projection on an arbitrary axes is discussed. We show results for the six relevant asymmetries and discuss the role of spin-dependent FSI contributions.
a926449e-deaa-49f7-8c5d-f1b22b526405
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1307.0973
This is not standard in the sense that we understand a Springer map to be a collapsing of homogeneous bundles. Apart from that we use mostly techniques from Chriss and Ginzbergs book but we work in the equivariant derived category of Bernstein and Lunts. We define Steinberg algebras as (equivariant) Borel-Moore homology algebras of the associated Steinberg varieties. The data of the BBD-decomposition theorem applied to the Springer map give a parametrization of projective graded and simple graded modules over the Steinberg algebra. Also, the projective graded modules are equivalent to a category of shifts of perverse sheaves. This has as a consequence for example the Springer correspondence. We call classical Springer Theory what is usually considered as Springer Theory. The main results are parametrizations of simple modules of different types of Hecke algebras. Our second main example is quiver-graded Springer theory (due to Lusztig), here the Steinberg algebras are the quiver Hecke algebras. We also explain Lusztig's and Khovanov-Lauda's monoidal categorification of the negative half of the quantum group using the categories of shifts of perverse sheaves and projective graded modules over the quiver Hecke algebra respectively.
a92651c7-8981-468f-89dd-ba5bee02cfe8
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-0.03989644, -0.025226444, 0.0032452433, -0.051585667, -0.063723184, -0.043740697, 0.0013622966, -0.00028773712, 0.026181526, 0.013990444, -0.022136265, -0.042969357, 0.030765172, 0.044984475, -0.008625174, 0.007839738, 0.025608458, -0.0413379, 0.005295442, -0.029018577, 0.027348088, 0.023739457, 0.057453487 ]
1507.05060
There is a recurring question in solar physics about whether or not electric currents are neutralized in active regions (ARs). This question was recently revisited using three-dimensional (3D) magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) numerical simulations of magnetic flux emergence into the solar atmosphere. Such simulations showed that flux emergence can generate a substantial net current in ARs. Another source of AR currents are photospheric horizontal flows. Our aim is to determine the conditions for the occurrence of net vs. neutralized currents with this second mechanism. Using 3D MHD simulations, we systematically impose line-tied, quasi-static, photospheric twisting and shearing motions to a bipolar potential magnetic field. We find that such flows: (1) produce both {\it direct} and {\it return} currents, (2) induce very weak compression currents - not observed in 2.5D - in the ambient field present in the close vicinity of the current-carrying field, and (3) can generate force-free magnetic fields with a net current. We demonstrate that neutralized currents are in general produced only in the absence of magnetic shear at the photospheric polarity inversion line - a special condition rarely observed. We conclude that, as magnetic flux emergence, photospheric flows can build up net currents in the solar atmosphere, in agreement with recent observations. These results thus provide support for eruption models based on pre-eruption magnetic fields possessing a net coronal current.
a9266bda-c0ad-4697-a87b-21d5073e4830
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1811.01699
One of the critical issues in bibliometric research assessments is the time required to achieve maturity in citations. Citation counts can be considered a reliable proxy of the real impact of a work only if they are observed after sufficient time has passed from publication date. In the present work the authors investigate the effect of varying the time of citation observation on accuracy of productivity rankings for research institutions. Research productivity measures are calculated for all Italian universities active in the hard sciences in the 2001-2003 period, by individual field and discipline, with the time of the citation observation varying from 2004 to 2008. The objective is to support policy-makers in choosing a citation window that optimizes the tradeoff between accuracy of rankings and timeliness of the exercise.
a92670e1-e87e-4853-b4f8-b9639fe1be96
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cs/0201029
The semantics of the Prolog ``cut'' construct is explored in the context of some desirable properties of logic programming systems, referred to as the witness properties. The witness properties concern the operational consistency of responses to queries. A generalization of Prolog with negation as failure and cut is described, and shown not to have the witness properties. A restriction of the system is then described, which preserves the choice and first-solution behaviour of cut but allows the system to have the witness properties. The notion of cut in the restricted system is more restricted than the Prolog hard cut, but retains the useful first-solution behaviour of hard cut, not retained by other proposed cuts such as the ``soft cut''. It is argued that the restricted system achieves a good compromise between the power and utility of the Prolog cut and the need for internal consistency in logic programming systems. The restricted system is given an abstract semantics, which depends on the witness properties; this semantics suggests that the restricted system has a deeper connection to logic than simply permitting some computations which are logical. Parts of this paper appeared previously in a different form in the Proceedings of the 1995 International Logic Programming Symposium.
a9267539-063a-4287-b09e-f8646561c63b
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2101.00857
We study the amplification of rotation velocity with the Sagnac interferometer based on the concept of weak-value amplification. By using a different scheme to perform the Sagnac interferometer with the probe in momentum space, we have demonstrated the new weak measure protocol to detect the small rotation velocity by amplifying the phase shift of the Sagnac effect. At the given the maximum incident intensity of the initial spectrum, the detection limit of the intensity of the spectrometer and the accuracy of angular velocity measurement, we can theoretical give the appropriate potselection and the minimum of optical path area before experiment. In addition, we put forward a new optical design to increase the optical path area and decrease the size of the interferometer to overcome the limit of instrument size. Finally, our modified Sagnac's interferometer based on weak measurement is innovative and efficient probing the small rotation velocity signal.
a9267723-2dc7-4d93-94dd-08b8b43bf899
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math/0302097
Three examples of free field constructions for the vertex operators of the elliptic quantum group ${\cal A}_{q,p}(\hat{sl}_2)$ are obtained. Two of these (for $p^{1/2}=\pm q^{3/2},p^{1/2}=-q^2$) are based on representation theories of the deformed Virasoro algebra, which correspond to the level 4 and level 2 $Z$-algebra of Lepowsky and Wilson. The third one ($p^{1/2}=q^{3}$) is constructed over a tensor product of a bosonic and a fermionic Fock spaces. The algebraic structure at $p^{1/2}=q^{3}$, however, is not related to the deformed Virasoro algebra. Using these free field constructions, an integral formula for the correlation functions of Baxter's eight-vertex model is obtained. This formula shows different structure compared with the one obtained by Lashkevich and Pugai.
a92679dd-6daa-41bd-aa35-1e3965b33a46
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1706.04408
I compare values of the frequencies, separation ratios, errors and covariance matrices from a new analysis of 9 solar-like stars with the Legacy project values reported by Lund et al and, for 16Cyg A&B and KIC8379927, with values derived by Davies et al. There is good agreement between my results (using Davies power spectra) and Davies's for these 3 stars, but no such agreement with the Legacy project results. My frequencies differ from the Legacy values, there are inconsistencies in the Legacy frequency covariance matrices which are not positive definite, and the Legacy errors on separation ratios are up to 40 times larger than mine and the values and upper limits derived from the Legacy frequency covariances. There are similar anomalies for 6 other solar-like stars: frequencies and separation ratio errors disagree and 2 have non positive definite covariance matrices. There are inconsistencies in the covariance matrices of 27 the 66 stars in the full Legacy set and problems with the ratio errors for the vast majority of these stars}
a92691cb-7505-4caf-8a92-81cb5ff48724
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astro-ph/9810472
G320.4-01.2 is a complex radio and X-ray source, coinciding on the sky with the young energetic pulsar B1509-58. A young pulsar embedded in a SNR would seem to accord with expectations, but previous observations suggest that all may not be what it seems. Controversy persists over whether the pulsar and the SNR are associated, and as to what causes the remnant's unusual appearance. To answer these questions, we have undertaken a set of high-resolution radio observations of the system. We present the results of this study, which provide new evidence that PSR B1509-58 is associated with and is interacting with G320.4-01.2.
a9269347-5d60-47b1-b378-468edc6fa39b
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hep-ph/0311177
The ``Little Higgs'' opens up a new avenue for natural electroweak symmetry breaking in which the standard model Higgs particle is realized as a pseudo-Goldstone boson and thus is generically light. The symmetry breaking structure of the Little Higgs models predicts a large multiplet of (pseudo-)Goldstone bosons and their low energy interactions below the ultraviolet (UV) completion scale $\Lambda \sim 4\pi f \sim O(10)$ TeV, where $f$ is the Goldstone decay constant. We study unitarity of the Little Higgs models by systematically analyzing the high energy scatterings of these (pseudo-)Goldstone bosons. We reveal that the collective effect of the Goldstone scatterings via coupled channel analysis tends to push the unitarity violation scale $\Lambda_U$ significantly below the conventional UV scale $\Lambda \sim 4\pi f$ as estimated by naive dimensional analysis (NDA). Specifically, $\Lambda_U \sim (3-4)f$, lying in the multi-TeV range for $f\sim 1$ TeV. We interpret this as an encouraging sign that the upcoming LHC may explore aspects of Little Higgs UV completions, and we discuss some potential signatures. The meanings of the two estimated UV scales $\Lambda_U$ (from unitarity violation) and $\Lambda$ (from NDA) together with their implications for an effective field theory analysis of the Little Higgs models are also discussed.
a92693d5-6ece-41b7-8d55-d4d62f6d8c22
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astro-ph/0308153
Two-and-a-half-dimensional particle-in-cell plasma simulations are used to study the particle energization in expanding magnetized electron-positron plasmas with slab geometry. When the magnetized relativistic plasma with high temperature (initial electron and positron temperature are $k_{B}T_{e}=k_{B}T_{p}=5MeV$) is expanding into a vacuum, the electromagnetic (EM) pulse with large amplitude is formed and the surface plasma particles are efficiently accelerated in the forward direction owing to the energy conversion from the EM field to the plasma particles. We find that the behavior of the DRPA (Diamagnetic Relativistic Pulse Accelerator) depends strongly on the ratio of the electron plasma frequency to the cyclotron frequency $\omega_{pe}/\Omega_{e}$ and the initial plasma thickness. In the high $\omega_{pe}/\Omega_{e}$ case, the EM pulse is rapidly damped and the plasma diffuses uniformly without forming density peaks because the initial thermal energy of the plasma is much larger than the field energy. On the contrary, in the low $\omega_{pe}/\Omega_{e}$ case, the field energy becomes large enough to energize all the plasma particles, which are confined in the EM pulse and efficiently accelerated to ultrarelativistic energies. We also find that a thicker initial plasma increases the maximum energy of the accelerated particles.
a92693f5-fd87-4ce5-8488-041e27294aee
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-0.0222625, -0.06440362, -0.04528619, -0.037106827, 0.015445282, 0.014587937, 0.0058569424, -0.015466671, -0.0022600594, -0.04408539, 0.012684748, 0.060313337, -0.014128559, 0.021751516, 0.016238788, 0.026064942, -0.008865266, -0.021312414, -0.030544115, 0.010550335, 0.012405867 ]
1906.07497
We study the light quark-mass dependence of charmed baryon masses as measured by various QCD lattice collaborations. A global fit to such data based on the chiral SU(3) Lagrangian is reported on. All low-energy constants that are relevant at next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order (N$^3$LO) are determined from the lattice data sets where constraints from sum rules as they follow from large-Nc QCD at subleading order are considered. The expected hierarchy for the low-energy constants in the 1/Nc expansion is confirmed by our global fits to the lattice data. With our results the low-energy interaction of the Goldstone bosons with the charmed baryon ground states is well constrained and the path towards realistic coupled-channel computations in this sector of QCD is prepared.
a9269eb7-8dd9-4165-8c44-ed7a08acba0f
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-0.039125416, -0.049192607, -0.039587043, 0.00044867466, -0.025316827, -0.005750999, 0.019802917, 0.015162542, -0.059806984, 0.030345546, 0.03600859, 0.009500499, -0.00479028, 0.03230933, 0.0037909967, -0.001799223, -0.010948773, -0.016425457, -0.0022848488, 0.011654187 ]
0804.2617
We choose such boundary conditions for open IIB superstring theory which preserve N=1 SUSY. The explicite solution of the boundary conditions yields effective theory which is symmetric under world-sheet parity transformation $\Omega:\sigma\to-\sigma$. We recognize effective theory as closed type I superstring theory. Its background fields,beside known $\Omega$ even fields of the initial IIB theory, contain improvements quadratic in $\Omega$ odd ones.
a926ab4e-a033-435b-8a20-00cf29012e98
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2104.13387
The motion of three bodies can be solved perturbatively when a tightly bound inner binary is orbited by a distant perturber, giving rise for example to the well-known Kozai-Lidov oscillations. We propose to study the relativistic hierarchical three-body orbits by adapting the Effective Field Theory techniques used in the two-body problem. This allows us to conveniently treat the inner binary as an effective point-particle, thus reducing the complexity of the three-body problem to a simpler spinning two-body motion. We present in details the mapping between the inner binary osculating elements and the resulting spin of the effective point-particle. Our study builds towards a derivation of three-body analytic waveforms.
a926aff5-8d28-4aa9-b95a-49b8286fcfed
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2103.14459
Bonicatto--Pasqualetto--Rajala (2020) proved that a decomposition theorem for sets of finite perimeter into indecomposable sets, known to hold in Euclidean spaces, holds also in complete metric spaces equipped with a doubling measure, supporting a Poincar\'e inequality, and satisfying an \emph{isotropicity} condition. We show that the last assumption can be removed.
a926b0d5-28e3-41fb-96d7-7d25880c77ee
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1504.01049
We create a 'virtual-seabed' platform to realize the 3D visual analysis of seabed on smartphone. The 3D seabed platform is based on a 'section-drilling' model, implementing visualization and analysis of the integrated data of seabed on the 3D browser on smartphone. Some 3D visual analysis functions are developed. This work presents a thorough and interesting way of presenting seabed data on smartphone, which raises many application possibilities. This platform is another practical proof based on our WebVRGIS platform.
a926b165-a64d-4e75-abcf-480ab87f5af0
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2006.14082
Standard discontinuous Galerkin methods, based on piecewise polynomials of degree $ \qq=0,1$, are considered for temporal semi-discretization for second order hyperbolic equations. The main goal of this paper is to present a simple and straightforward a priori error analysis of optimal order with minimal regularity requirement on the solution. Uniform norm in time error estimates are also proved. To this end, energy identities and stability estimates of bthe discrete problem are proved for a slightly more general problem. These are used to prove optimal order a priori error estimates with minimal regularity requirement on the solution. The combination with the classic continuous Galerkin finite element discretization in space variable is used, to formulate a full-discrete scheme. The a priori error analysis is presented. Numerical experiments are performed to verify the theoretical results.
a926b2da-6cad-4105-bef3-5de740e7e2b4
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physics/0312073
The main objective of the paper is to determine asymptotic solutions to the initial-value conditions for Vlasov-Ampere/Gauss system of equations that is to find the "far field" solutions. Next, we determine dispersion relations for longitudinal waves (DAW and DIAW) by use of the linearized Vlasov equations. In case of simplified equilibrium velocity distributions but for fully nonlinear plasmas, we determine velocity distributions and by use of Sagdeev potential equations, we compute the solitary and double layer structures for a set of dusty plasma parameters. By use of Sagdeev potential, we determine the electrical capacity of plasma double layers.
a926bd58-f302-4724-ab92-ce39b510e217
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1001.3397
Monte Carlo studies of the 3D random field $XY$ model on simple cubic lattices of size $64^3$, using two different isotropic random-field probability distributions of moderate strength, show a glassy freezing behavior above $T_c$, and long-range order below $T_c$, consistent with our earlier results for weaker and stronger random fields. This model should describe random pinning in vortex lattices in type-II superconducting alloys, charge-density wave materials, and decagonal quasicrystals.
a926c655-8caf-44df-8dd9-c0f366d87348
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1805.08728
Distributionally robust optimization (DRO) problems are increasingly seen as a viable method to train machine learning models for improved model generalization. These min-max formulations, however, are more difficult to solve. We therefore provide a new stochastic gradient descent algorithm to efficiently solve this DRO formulation. Our approach applies gradient descent to the outer minimization formulation and estimates the gradient of the inner maximization based on a sample average approximation. The latter uses a subset of the data in each iteration, progressively increasing the subset size to ensure convergence. Theoretical results include establishing the optimal manner for growing the support size to balance a fundamental tradeoff between stochastic error and computational effort. Empirical results demonstrate the significant benefits of our approach over previous work, and also illustrate how learning with DRO can improve generalization.
a926c7aa-851c-48ea-88af-ff6b95b95086
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1503.08533
Herein, we present a feasible, general protocol for quantum communication within a network via generalized remote preparation of an arbitrary $m$-qubit entangled state designed with genuine tripartite Greenberger--Horne--Zeilinger-type entangled resources. During the implementations, we construct novel collective unitary operations; these operations are tasked with performing the necessary phase transfers during remote state preparations. We have distilled our implementation methods into a five-step procedure, which can be used to faithfully recover the desired state during transfer. Compared to previous existing schemes, our methodology features a greatly increased success probability. After the consumption of auxiliary qubits and the performance of collective unitary operations, the probability of successful state transfer is increased four-fold and eight-fold for arbitrary two- and three-qubit entanglements when compared to other methods within the literature, respectively. We conclude this paper with a discussion of the presented scheme for state preparation, including: success probabilities, reducibility and generalizability.
a926c7ce-7b1d-4b20-8783-75ba7499fe2f
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1110.2867
We consider $K$ links operating concurrently in the same spectral band. Each transmitter has multiple antennas, while each receiver uses a single antenna. This setting corresponds to the multiple-input single-output interference channel. We assume perfect channel state information at the single-user decoding receivers whereas the transmitters only have estimates of the true channels. The channel estimation errors are assumed to be bounded in elliptical regions whose geometry is known at the transmitters. Robust beamforming optimizes worst-case received power gains, and a Pareto optimal point is a worst-case achievable rate tuple from which it is impossible to increase a link's performance without degrading the performance of another. We characterize the robust beamforming vectors necessary to operate at any Pareto optimal point. Moreover, these beamforming vectors are parameterized by $K(K-1)$ real-valued parameters. We analyze the system's spectral efficiency at high and low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Zero forcing transmission achieves full multiplexing gain at high SNR only if the estimation errors scale linearly with inverse SNR. If the errors are SNR independent, then single-user transmission is optimal at high SNR. At low SNR, robust maximum ratio transmission optimizes the minimum energy per bit for reliable communication. Numerical simulations illustrate the gained theoretical results.
a926cecb-f4a0-4a96-bea6-3ae4a346b931
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1606.05410
This work reports a peculiar and interesting train of microwave type III pair bursts in the impulsive rising phase of a solar flare on 2011 September 26. The observations include radio spectrometers at frequency of 0.80 - 2.00 GHz, hard X-ray (RHESSI and FERMI), EUV images of SWAP/PROBA-2 and magnetogram of HMI/SDO. By using a recently developed method (Tan et al. 2016a), we diagnosed the plasma density, temperature, plasma beta, magnetic field near the source region, the energy of energetic electrons and the distance between the acceleration region and the emission start sites of type III bursts. From the diagnostics, we find that: (1) The plasma density, temperature, magnetic field, and the distance between the acceleration region and the emission start sites almost have no obvious variations during the period of type III pair trains, while the energy of electrons has an obvious peak value which is consistent to the hard X-ray emission. (2) The plasma beta is much higher than an unity showing a highly dynamic process near the emission start site of type III bursts. (3) Although the reversed-slope type III branches drift slower at one order of magnitude than that of the normal type III branches, the related downgoing and upgoing electrons still could have same order of magnitude of energy. These facts indicate that both of the upgoing and downgoing electrons are possibly accelerated by similar mechanism and in a small source region. This diagnostics can help us to understand the microphysics in the source region of solar bursts.
a926d2cf-f2bd-460e-8050-638ec94272fe
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2106.10425
In this present work, we have obtained a singularity-free spherically symmetric stellar model with anisotropic pressure in the background of Einstein's general theory of relativity. The Einstein's field equations have been solved by exploiting Tolman {\em ansatz} [Richard C Tolman, Phys. Rev. 55:364, 1939] in $(3+1)$-dimensional space-time. Using observed values of mass and radius of the compact star PSR J1903+327, we have calculated the numerical values of all the constants from the boundary conditions. All the physical characteristics of the proposed model have been discussed both analytically and graphically. The new exact solution satisfies all the physical criteria for a realistic compact star. The matter variables are regular and well behaved throughout the stellar structure. Constraints on model parameters have been obtained. All the energy conditions are verified with the help of graphical representation. The stability condition of the present model has been described through different testings.
a926d449-0508-4f43-930c-17bdba6b5351
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1904.05573
For a fixed integer $k$, we consider the set of noncrossing partitions, where both the block sizes and the difference between adjacent elements in a block is $1\bmod k$. We show that these $k$-indivisible noncrossing partitions can be recovered in the setting of subgroups of the symmetric group generated by $(k+1)$-cycles, and that the poset of $k$-indivisible noncrossing partitions under refinement order has many beautiful enumerative and structural properties. We encounter $k$-parking functions and some special Cambrian lattices on the way, and show that a special class of lattice paths constitutes a nonnesting analogue.
a926e399-ab6e-4f72-8096-bea0318de1b2
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2010.01613
We extend recent work of Brendan Owens by constructing a doubly infinite family of Stein rational homology balls which can be smoothly but not symplectically embedded in CP^2.
a926e3de-a71c-445d-afcf-6d9cf506d3e9
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gr-qc/9905071
The notion of geometrical duality is discussed in the context of both Brans-Dicke theory and general relativity. It is shown that, in some particular solutions, the spacetime singularities that arise in usual Riemannian general relativity may be avoided in its dual representation (Weyl-type general relativity). This dual representation provides a singularity-free picture of the World that is physicaly equivalent to the canonical general relativistic one.
a926ea8b-34d6-4dab-82b3-635d7a1c1778
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0.024150249, 0.07231921, -0.034007903, -0.041838422, 0.02784769, -0.053224273, -0.032636806, -0.041782405, -0.0053130817, 0.00074862054, -0.015627692, 0.007263285, -0.0049764155, -0.052285317, 0.025053604, 0.045804977, -0.0029497126, -0.0011871766, 0.031090438, -0.017767906, 0.019012628, -0.02149691, -0.031232117, -0.0046287877, 0.043936014 ]
1105.1722
Models with an extended Higgs sector, as the NMSSM, allow for scenarios where the Standard Model-like CP-even Higgs boson H decays dominantly as H -> AA -> 4 tau where A is a light CP-odd Higgs boson. Tight constraints on this scenario in the form of lower bounds on M_H have recently been published by the ALEPH group. We show that, due to A - eta_b mixing, the branching ratio H -> AA -> 4 tau is strongly reduced for M_A in the range 9 - 10.5 GeV. This is the range of M_A in which the tension between the observed eta_b(1S) mass and its prediction based on QCD can be resolved due to mixing, and which is thus still consistent with a light CP-even Higgs boson H satisfying LEP constraints with a mass well below 114 GeV. This result is practically independent from the coupling of A to b quarks.
a926f44d-e5f8-4abd-a1cb-43f50b0d6c10
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1903.07451
We consider a family of $(2,2)$-rational functions given on the set of complex $p$-adic field $\mathcal{C}_p$. Each such function $f$ has the two distinct fixed points $x_1=x_1(f)$, $x_2=x_2(f)$. We study $p$-adic dynamical systems generated by the $(2,2)$-rational functions. We prove that $x_1$ is always indifferent fixed point for $f$, i.e., $x_1$ is a center of some Siegel disk $SI(x_1)$. Depending on the parameters of the function $f$, the type of the fixed point $x_2$ may be any possibility: indifferent, attractor, repeller. We find Siegel disk or basin of attraction of the fixed point $x_2$, when $x_2$ is indifferent or attractor, respectively. When $x_2$ is repeller we find an open ball any point of which repelled from $x_2$. Moreover, we study relations between the sets $SI(x_1)$ and $SI(x_2)$ when $x_2$ is indifferent. For each $(2,2)$-rational function on $\mathcal{C}_p$ there are two points $\hat x_1=\hat x_1(f)$, $\hat x_2=\hat x_2(f)\in \mathcal{C}_p$ which are zeros of its denominator. We give explicit formulas of radiuses of spheres (with the center at the fixed point $x_1$) containing some points such that the trajectories (under actions of $f$) of the points after a finite step come to $\hat x_1$ or $\hat x_2$. We study periodic orbits of the dynamical system and find an invariant set, which contains all periodic orbits. Moreover, we study ergodicity properties of the dynamical system on each invariant sphere. Under some conditions we show that the system is ergodic iff $p=2$.
a926f8b7-1867-4383-8b65-645eb49eed3a
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hep-th/9508044
We demonstrate that type II string theory compactified on a singular Calabi-Yau manifold is related to $c=1$ string theory compactified at the self-dual radius. We establish this result in two ways. First we show that complex structure deformations of the conifold correspond, on the mirror manifold, to the problem of maps from two dimensional surfaces to $S^2$. Using two dimensional QCD we show that this problem is identical to $c=1$ string theory. We then give an alternative derivation of this correspondence by mapping the theory of complex structure deformations of the conifold to Chern-Simons theory on $S^3$. These results, in conjunction with similar results obtained for the compactification of the heterotic string on $K_3\times T^2$, provide strong evidence in favour of S-duality between type II strings compactified on a Calabi-Yau manifold and the heterotic string on $K_3\times T^2$.
a9270672-bfec-4693-9d14-5cb6f9da9a20
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astro-ph/0208011
Bipolar outflows are present in many disk-accreting astrophysical systems. In disk-accreting cataclysmic variables (CVs), these outflows are responsible for most of the strong features in the ultraviolet spectra of these systems. However, there have been few attempts to model these features quantitatively. Here, we describe a new, hybrid Monte Carlo/Sobolev code, which allows us to synthesize the complete spectrum of a disk-dominated, mass-losing CV. The line profiles we calculate for C IV resemble those calculated by previous workers when an identical geometry is assumed. However, our synthetic spectra exhibit not only the well-known resonance lines of O VI, N V, Si IV and C IV, but, with an appropriate choice of mass-loss rate and wind geometry, also many lines originating from excited lower states. Many of these lines have already been seen in the far ultraviolet spectra of CVs obtained with HUT, FUSE, and HST. In order to illustrate the degree to which we are currently able to reproduce observed spectra, we finally present a preliminary fit to the Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope spectrum of the dwarf nova Z Cam in outburst.
a92707d5-a4e6-423c-8b28-5ee8b71f0523
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2110.00071
Heterogeneity and irregularity of multi-source data sets present a significant challenge to time-series analysis. In the literature, the fusion of multi-source time-series has been achieved either by using ensemble learning models which ignore temporal patterns and correlation within features or by defining a fixed-size window to select specific parts of the data sets. On the other hand, many studies have shown major improvement to handle the irregularity of time-series, yet none of these studies has been applied to multi-source data. In this work, we design a novel architecture, PIETS, to model heterogeneous time-series. PIETS has the following characteristics: (1) irregularity encoders for multi-source samples that can leverage all available information and accelerate the convergence of the model; (2) parallelised neural networks to enable flexibility and avoid information overwhelming; and (3) attention mechanism that highlights different information and gives high importance to the most related data. Through extensive experiments on real-world data sets related to COVID-19, we show that the proposed architecture is able to effectively model heterogeneous temporal data and outperforms other state-of-the-art approaches in the prediction task.
a92718fa-2803-4f61-87cf-fcbc6a5f5f6c
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1009.3230
We translate the Atiyah's results on classification of vector bundles on elliptic curves to the language of factors of automorphy.
a9271a94-c324-4942-a44c-73c65512bdbf
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-0.009471162, 0.008708897, 0.008592405, 0.044501487, 0.018561803, -0.02924516, -0.02466196, -0.03306213, -0.0013925416, -0.0052497494, -0.05782282, -0.01959992, 0.020148069, 0.017521238, -0.0022034282, -0.004139956, 0.02884579, -0.03485663, 0.028640872, -0.004609967, 0.0089549925, 0.0023527488, -0.00094396726, 0.048885867, -0.034445014, 0.008033984, 0.0641684, -0.05272827, -0.08200092, 0.045651868, 0.016578598, 0.031359732, -0.05734968, -0.0021010106, -0.028783703, 0.052775078, -0.023804892, 0.032710705, 0.0025021995, -0.053883605, -0.036441542, -0.025711656, 0.008202151, -0.020794876, 0.013779143, -0.03774774, 0.013676579, 0.06015073, 0.033816554, -0.0037291741, -0.011522704, -0.015650468, 0.029432332, -0.040934112, 0.024282621, -0.0023005167, -0.031446755, -0.020151002, 0.05185207, 0.053795215, -0.013504481, 0.005093689, 0.017047912, 0.010736758, -0.013195343, 0.022740528, 0.029065333, 0.0062836534, 0.065407634, -0.027160518, 0.012882358, 0.059850104, 0.0008330803, 0.028839095, -0.029144974, -0.025133325, 0.06457984, -0.040830884, -0.043498877, -0.029328179, -0.035270497, -0.052757002, -0.0007614855, 0.016340045, 0.03607467, -0.03164278, 0.039392643, 0.050981093, 0.01266664, -0.01243509, 0.038211595, 0.02380655, 0.014717355, -0.010962379, 0.0045120437, -0.008878174, 0.060358975 ]
2010.11040
We consider the problem of reconstructing an unknown function $u\in L^2(D,\mu)$ from its evaluations at given sampling points $x^1,\dots,x^m\in D$, where $D\subset \mathbb R^d$ is a general domain and $\mu$ a probability measure. The approximation is picked from a linear space $V_n$ of interest where $n=\dim(V_n)$. Recent results have revealed that certain weighted least-squares methods achieve near best approximation with a sampling budget $m$ that is proportional to $n$, up to a logarithmic factor $\ln(2n/\varepsilon)$, where $\varepsilon>0$ is a probability of failure. The sampling points should be picked at random according to a well-chosen probability measure $\sigma$ whose density is given by the inverse Christoffel function that depends both on $V_n$ and $\mu$. While this approach is greatly facilitated when $D$ and $\mu$ have tensor product structure, it becomes problematic for domains $D$ with arbitrary geometry since the optimal measure depends on an orthonormal basis of $V_n$ in $L^2(D,\mu)$ which is not explicitly given, even for simple polynomial spaces. Therefore sampling according to this measure is not practically feasible. In this paper, we discuss practical sampling strategies, which amount to using a perturbed measure $\widetilde \sigma$ that can be computed in an offline stage, not involving the measurement of $u$. We show that near best approximation is attained by the resulting weighted least-squares method at near-optimal sampling budget and we discuss multilevel approaches that preserve optimality of the cumulated sampling budget when the spaces $V_n$ are iteratively enriched. These strategies rely on the knowledge of a-priori upper bounds on the inverse Christoffel function. We establish such bounds for spaces $V_n$ of multivariate algebraic polynomials, and for general domains $D$.
a92721c7-1643-49ec-b13a-423d4ce1a22d
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0.014752201, -0.00747775, -0.020741938, -0.0047272816, 0.025096482, 0.021416973, -0.0048166304, -0.014303941, -0.03375112, 0.020712372, 0.011152414, -0.04835411, 0.00039475813, 0.0362852, 0.014897274, -0.014046857, 0.009483325, 0.005315789, -0.02452905, 0.012762928, 0.011125952, 0.044827595, 0.06358855, 0.01935765, 0.031407077, -0.023631375, 0.0460989, 0.076177284, -0.05905684, -0.060490675, -0.0048817676, 0.008958296, 0.023835966, -0.0799681, -0.002580144, 0.0027897279, 0.11470107, -0.04204699, 0.02515305, -0.004476722, -0.07423349, -0.034434605, -0.029670432, -0.0145208165, -0.016084513, 0.021655776, -0.01980884, 0.018939938, 0.048081774, 0.045575365, -0.010971624, -0.00246157, -0.022660635, 0.062148325, -0.048355896, 0.043073427, 0.02431197, -0.04545139, 0.0035598062, 0.027184283, 0.06412505, -0.02136426, 0.02319752, 0.042735606, -0.004447751, -0.009009838, 0.017649053, -0.0017380718, -0.00188204, 0.07469442, -0.031407572, 0.030914433, 0.02254502, -0.02240669, 0.048872728, -0.02022856, -0.046034977, 0.085508145, -0.08335244, -0.040170383, -0.01743245, -0.0039868583, -0.010438516, 0.002775747, 0.036571406, -0.017765759, -0.016819052, 0.045688175, 0.050802004, -0.0052892715, 0.011595079, 0.010974856, -0.031331673, 0.012807285, -0.0055949166, 0.00068573665, -0.028133828, 0.06794922 ]
2002.10199
Classifier calibration does not always go hand in hand with the classifier's ability to separate the classes. There are applications where good classifier calibration, i.e. the ability to produce accurate probability estimates, is more important than class separation. When the amount of data for training is limited, the traditional approach to improve calibration starts to crumble. In this article we show how generating more data for calibration is able to improve calibration algorithm performance in many cases where a classifier is not naturally producing well-calibrated outputs and the traditional approach fails. The proposed approach adds computational cost but considering that the main use case is with small data sets this extra computational cost stays insignificant and is comparable to other methods in prediction time. From the tested classifiers the largest improvement was detected with the random forest and naive Bayes classifiers. Therefore, the proposed approach can be recommended at least for those classifiers when the amount of data available for training is limited and good calibration is essential.
a9272e5b-230b-4f69-aec4-54505f5a0637
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dg-ga/9407004
Given two compact hyperk\"ahler surfaces $X$ and $Y$ and a holomorphic vector bundle $Q$ on $X\times Y$, which is a generalized instanton, one can define a Fourier-Mukai transform, which, under suitable assumptions, maps vector bundles on $X$ to vector bundles on $Y$. If $X$ and $Y$ are dual complex tori, this transform maps instantons on $X$ to instantons on $Y$. After a quick review of these results, we define a Fourier-Mukai transform in the case when $X$ is a K3 surface, and study the behaviour of instantons on $X$ under this transform. Hard copies may be mailed on request
a9273351-b5cd-4c00-be48-47f4406aa7ca
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0803.3689
It is well known that the cohomology of a tensor product is essentially the tensor product of the cohomologies. We look at twisted tensor products, and investigate to which extend this is still true. We give an explicit description of the $\Ext$-algebra of the tensor product of two modules, and under certain additional conditions, describe an essential part of the Hochschild cohomology ring of a twisted tensor product. As an application, we characterize precisely when the cohomology groups over a quantum complete intersection are finitely generated over the Hochschild cohomology ring. Moreover, both for quantum complete intersections and in related cases we obtain a lower bound for the representation dimension of the algebra.
a92734ce-48f5-4e59-9d7d-f93f46e505e9
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1609.08915
The evolution of titanyl-phthalocyanine (TiOPc) thin films on Ag(111) has been investigated using IRAS, SPA-LEED and STM. In the (sub)monolayer regime various phases are observed that can be assigned to a 2D gas, a commensurate and a point-on-line phase. In all three phases the non-planar TiOPc molecule is adsorbed on Ag(111) in an oxygen-up configuration with the molecular pi-conjugated backbone oriented parallel to the surface. The commensurate phase reveals a high packing density, containing two molecules at inequivalent adsorption sites within the unit cell. Both molecules assume different azimuthal orientations which is ascribed to preferred sites and azimuthal orientations with respect to the Ag(111) substrate and, to a lesser extent, to a minimization of repulsive Pauli interactions between adjacent molecules at short distances. At full saturation of the monolayer the latter interaction becomes dominant and the commensurate long range order is lost. DFT calculations have been used to study different adsorption geometries of TiOPc on Ag(111). The most stable configurations among those with pointing up oxygen atoms (bridge+, bridgex, topx) seem to correspond to those identified experimentally. The calculated dependence of the electronic structure and molecular dipole on the adsorption site and configuration is found to be rather small.
a92737c4-58d0-4f3d-bf8f-974ddba009c1
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1611.05304
Recent literature on the Aharonov-Bohm effect has raised fundamental questions on the classical correspondence of this effect and the physical reality of the electromagnetic potentials in quantum mechanics. Reappraisal on Feynman's approach to the classical limit of AB effect is presented. The critique throws light on the significance of quantum interference and quantum phase shifts in any such classical correspondence. Detailed analysis shows that Feynman arguments are untenable on physical grounds and the claim made in the original AB paper that this effect had no classical analog seems valid. The importance of nonintegrable phase factor distinct from the AB phase factor, here termed as Fock-London-Weyl phase factor for the historical reasons, is underlined in connection with the classical aspects/limits. A topological approach incorporating the physical significance of the interaction field momentum is proposed. A new idea emerges from this approach that attributes the origin of the AB effect to the exchange of modular angular momentum.
a9273c75-a68e-40f0-b758-c22614cfd528
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1409.5627
We study the complexity of approximately evaluating the Ising and Tutte partition functions with complex parameters. Our results are partly motivated by the study of the quantum complexity classes BQP and IQP. Recent results show how to encode quantum computations as evaluations of classical partition functions. These results rely on interesting and deep results about quantum computation in order to obtain hardness results about the difficulty of (classically) evaluating the partition functions for certain fixed parameters. The motivation for this paper is to study more comprehensively the complexity of (classically) approximating the Ising and Tutte partition functions with complex parameters. Partition functions are combinatorial in nature and quantifying their approximation complexity does not require a detailed understanding of quantum computation. Using combinatorial arguments, we give the first full classification of the complexity of multiplicatively approximating the norm and additively approximating the argument of the Ising partition function for complex edge interactions (as well as of approximating the partition function according to a natural complex metric). We also study the norm approximation problem in the presence of external fields, for which we give a complete dichotomy when the parameters are roots of unity. Previous results were known just for a few such points, and we strengthen these results from BQP-hardness to #P-hardness. Moreover, we show that computing the sign of the Tutte polynomial is #P-hard at certain points related to the simulation of BQP. Using our classifications, we then revisit the connections to quantum computation, drawing conclusions that are a little different from (and incomparable to) ones in the quantum literature, but along similar lines.
a927434e-5e94-4bc4-b055-8e44caca1411
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1011.3477
We discuss time-dependent gravitational fields that "accelerate" free test particles to the speed of light resulting in cosmic double-jet configurations. It turns out that complete gravitational collapse along a spatial axis together with corresponding expansion along the other two axes leads to the accelerated motion of free test particles up and down parallel to the collapse axis such that a double-jet pattern is asymptotically formed with respect to the collapsed configuration.
a9274fc6-ca54-48de-b4ef-1dc05d19dec9
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1711.07612
The immersed boundary method is a mathematical formulation and numerical method for solving fluid-structure interaction problems. For many biological problems, such as models that include the cell membrane, the immersed structure is a two-dimensional infinitely thin elastic shell immersed in an incompressible viscous fluid. When the shell is modeled as a hyperelastic material, forces can be computed by taking the variational derivative of an energy density functional. A new method for computing a continuous force function on the entire surface of the shell is presented here. The new method is compared to a previous formulation where the surface and energy functional are discretized before forces are computed. For the case of Stokes flow, a method for computing quadrature weights is provided to ensure the integral of the elastic spread force density remains zero throughout a dynamic simulation. Tests on the method are conducted and show that it yields more accurate force computations than previous formulations as well as more accurate geometric information such as mean curvature. The method is then applied to a model of a red blood cell in capillary flow and a 3D model of cellular blebbing.
a927540a-4118-42d8-9478-aa8efce6eb68
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2109.06086
We prove that the Kakutani equivalence relation of ergodic invertible measure-preserving transformations is not a Borel set. This shows in a precise way that classification up to Kakutani equivalence is impossible. We also obtain this anti-classification result for ergodic area-preserving smooth diffeomorphisms on compact surfaces admitting a non-trivial circle action as well as real-analytic diffeomorphisms on the 2-torus.
a9275428-c872-4f1a-950c-cbb287c7e528
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1402.1320
In the framework of the unification scheme of radio-loud active galactic nuclei, BL Lac objects and quasars are the beamed end-on counterparts of low-power (FRI) and high-power (FRII) radio galaxies, respectively. Some BL Lacs have been found to possess the FRII-type large-scale radio morphology, suggesting that the parent population of BL Lacs is a mixture of low- and high-power radio galaxies. This seems to apply only to `low frequency-peaked' BL Lacs, since all the `high frequency-peaked' BL Lacs studied so far were shown to host exclusively the FRI-type radio jets. While analyzing the NVSS survey maps of the TeV detected BL Lacs, we have however discovered that the high frequency-peaked object SHBL J001355.9-185406 is associated uniquely with the one-sided, arcmin-scale, and edge-brightened jet/lobe-like feature extending to the south-west from the blazar core. In order to investigate in detail the large-scale morphology of SHBL J001355.9-185406, we have performed low-frequency and high-resolution observations of the source at 156, 259 and 629 MHz using the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope. Our analysis indicates that no diffuse arcmin-scale emission is present around the unresolved blazar core, and that the arcmin-scale structure seen on the NVSS map breaks into three distinct features unrelated to the blazar, but instead associated with background AGN. The upper limits for the extended radio halo around the TeV-emitting BL Lac object SHBL J001355.9-185406 read as < 10% - 1% at $156-629$ MHz. The fact that the integrated radio spectrum of the unresolved blazar core is flat down to 156 MHz indicates that a self-similar character of the jet in the source holds up to relatively large distances from the jet base.
a9275439-0794-4e8a-b984-eb3eaa5e8591
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0.008427849, 0.013985565, -0.054149203, 0.0071678623, -0.0066483826, 0.03638595, 0.016337322, 0.006736819, 0.051039364, -0.0060752565, -0.05137745, -0.040434934, -0.01911075, -0.08030811, -0.0015187673, -0.051802304, -0.016397888, 0.020828295, 0.02474802, 0.060141742, 0.011809158, 0.020076578, 0.003406637, -0.016868042, 0.0010569115, -0.016238254, 0.06001364, 0.0011246689, 0.057661977, 0.06694325, -0.031374656, -0.03883787, -0.024560759, -0.021259634, 0.04955695, -0.022460865, -0.0019461202, -0.015579609, 0.04729222, 0.025757482, 0.034835257, -0.027443055, -0.03956759, 0.00057286007, -0.032845385, 0.0030382082, 0.010440357, 0.025774566, -0.03964232, 0.015886744, 0.0033549275, 0.036970515, -0.0061852657, 0.006740777, -0.027900347, 0.054963376, -0.030749004, 0.027497314, -0.007928948, -0.10583457, 0.027868606, 0.020287957, 0.02518626, 0.017552901, 0.017056797, -0.006778191, -0.020289306, 0.020447081, 0.06998079, 0.029070726, 0.011681038, 0.020074144, -0.027258992, 0.032362174, 0.04676791, -0.008543135, 0.059163008, -0.049421262, -0.003470739, 0.023165243, -0.061360978, -0.033183437, -0.032214027, -0.015073119, -0.038191065, 0.003912702, 0.009517224, 0.012599621, -0.0028913685, 0.032189246, 0.04198653, 0.017005956, -0.016067283, 0.062065836, -0.01427333, -0.011575792, -0.022992516, -0.040073436, 0.008582588, 0.043306645 ]
2110.05990
A novel OFDM-based waveform with low peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) and high robustness against phase noise (PN) is presented. It follows the discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-s-OFDM) signal model. 3MSK, is inspired by continuous-phase frequency shift keying (FSK), but it uses three frequencies in the baseband model -- specifically, 0 and $\pm f_{symbol}/4$, where $f_{symbol}$ is the symbol rate -- which effectively constrains the phase transitions between consecutive symbols to 0 and $\pm \pi/2$ rad. Motivated by the phase controlled model of modulation, different degrees of phase continuity can be achieved, while supporting receiver processing with low complexity. The signal characteristics are improved by generating an initial time-domain nearly constant envelope signal at higher than the symbol rate. This helps to reach smooth phase transitions between 3MSK symbols. Also the possibility of using excess bandwidth is investigated by transmitting additional non-zero subcarriers outside active subcarriers of the basic DFT-s-OFDM model, which provides the capability to greatly reduce the PAPR. Due to the fact that the information is encoded in the phase transitions, a receiver model that tracks the phase variations without needing reference signals is developed. To this end, it is shown that this new modulation is well-suited for non-coherent receivers, even under strong phase noise (PN) conditions, thus allowing to reduce the overhead of reference signals. Evaluations of this physical-layer modulation and waveform scheme are performed in terms of transmitter metrics such as PAPR, OOB emissions and achievable output power after the power amplifier (PA). Finally, coded radio link evaluations are also shown and provided, demonstrating that 3MSK has a similar BER performance as that of traditional QPSK.
a927570f-aefa-465d-af3a-ed181d483c40
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0.045050837, -0.08565739, -0.053147174, -0.013399537, 0.008066138, 0.0013256082, 0.021474265, 0.041611657, 0.01269167, -0.05596095, 0.01596966, 0.05939298, 0.0029856884, 0.0007368696, 0.059039764, 0.031157622, -0.00875812, -0.0052457275, -0.017508142, -0.03627709, 0.045328196 ]
1911.04822
In this paper, we focus on learning low-dimensional embeddings for nodes in graph-structured data. To achieve this, we propose Caps2NE -- a new unsupervised embedding model leveraging a network of two capsule layers. Caps2NE induces a routing process to aggregate feature vectors of context neighbors of a given target node at the first capsule layer, then feed these features into the second capsule layer to infer a plausible embedding for the target node. Experimental results show that our proposed Caps2NE obtains state-of-the-art performances on benchmark datasets for the node classification task. Our code is available at: \url{https://github.com/daiquocnguyen/Caps2NE}.
a92757a4-b80c-42fb-99a9-388f7b98fc10
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astro-ph/0211101
We have observed the radio-quiet X-ray pulsar 1E 1207.4-5209 with the high throughput EPIC cameras onboard XMM-Newton. The spectrum of this peculiar source is characterized by two broad absorption features which present significant substructures and show a clear phase-dependence. We believe that these features represent a strong evidence for the presence of a magnetized atmosphere containing heavy elements.
a9275adf-b303-4ffe-ad26-aaa34b57816a
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2004.14770
We point out the peculiar form of the gravitational wave signal expected from a gas of particles carry spin 3/2 produced during preheating. Given the very few ways that gravitinos can manifest themselves in an experimentally observable way, we stress the importance of improving the sensitivity of ultra-high frequency detectors in the future. This review is based on work that appeared in [arXiv:1811.11774 [hep-ph]].
a9275e1f-10ce-4045-aacf-4973611bc5b8
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1703.09680
We establish a lower bound on the spectral gap of the Laplace operator on special linear groups using conic optimisation. In particular, this provides a constructive (but computer assisted) proof that these groups have Kazhdan property (T). A software for such optimisation for other finitely presented groups is provided.
a92765ce-c282-48e0-87be-47e8dc417741
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2205.15673
This paper studies the problem of intervention design for steering the actions of noncooperative players in quadratic network games to the social optimum. The players choose their actions with the aim of maximizing their individual payoff functions, while a central regulator uses interventions to modify their marginal returns and maximize the social welfare function. This work builds on the key observation that the solution to the steering problem depends on the knowledge of the regulator on the players' parameters and the underlying network. We, therefore, consider different scenarios based on limited knowledge and propose suitable static, dynamic and adaptive intervention protocols. We formally prove convergence to the social optimum under the proposed mechanisms. We demonstrate our theoretical findings on a case study of Cournot competition with differentiated goods.
a9276ccd-f4bf-4c85-97e4-7b9b8f3afbc2
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2209.13062
Generalized master equations provide a theoretically rigorous framework to capture the dynamics of processes ranging from energy harvesting in plants and photovoltaic devices, to qubit decoherence in quantum technologies, and even protein folding. At their center is the concept of memory. The explicit time-nonlocal description of memory is both protracted and elaborate. When physical intuition is at a premium one would desire a more compact, yet complete, description. Here, we demonstrate how and when the time-convolutionless formalism constitutes such a description. In particular, by focusing on the dissipative dynamics of the spin-boson and Frenkel exciton models, we show how to: easily construct the time-local generator from reference reduced dynamics, elucidate the dependence of its existence on the system parameters and the choice of reduced observables, identify the physical origin of its apparent divergences, and offer analysis tools to diagnose their severity and circumvent their deleterious effects. We demonstrate that, when applicable, the time-local approach requires as little information as the more commonly used time-nonlocal scheme, with the important advantages of providing a more compact description, greater algorithmic simplicity, and physical interpretability. We conclude by introducing the discrete-time analogue and a straightforward protocol to employ it in cases where the reference dynamics have limited resolution. The insights we present here offer the potential for extending the reach of dynamical methods, reducing both their cost and conceptual complexity.
a9277200-5be9-42d2-bbd1-766e93f6a34d
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nucl-th/9609026
Measured magnetic moments of single-particle states in the Pb region differ significantly from their Schmidt values. We discuss the reasons for this in terms of meson-exchange currents, isobar currents, core polarisation and other effects.
a927792b-4c1a-4329-a41b-8f5f203e7699
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1611.05083
Automated fault localization is an important issue in model validation and verification. It helps the end users in analyzing the origin of failure. In this work, we show the early experiments with probabilistic analysis approaches in fault localization. Inspired by the Kullback-Leibler Divergence from Bayesian probabilistic theory, we propose a suspiciousness factor to compute the fault contribution for the transitions in the reachability graph of model checking, using which to rank the potential faulty transitions. To automatically locate design faults in the simulation model of detailed design, we propose to use the statistical model Hidden Markov Model (HMM), which provides statistically identical information to component's real behavior. The core of this method is a fault localization algorithm that gives out the set of suspicious ranked faulty components and a backward algorithm that computes the matching degree between the HMM and the simulation model to evaluate the confidence degree of the localization conclusion.
a92792d9-3e1e-475d-8897-0422caacbfbc
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1903.10780
Decades of studies have suggested several criteria to detect Interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICME) in time series from in-situ spacecraft measurements. Among them the most common are an enhanced and smoothly rotating magnetic field, a low proton temperature and a low plasma beta. However, these features are not all observed for each ICME due to their strong variability. Visual detection is time-consuming and biased by the observer interpretation leading to non exhaustive, subjective and thus hardly reproducible catalogs. Using convolutional neural networks on sliding windows and peak detection, we provide a fast, automatic and multi-scale detection of ICMEs. The method has been tested on the in-situ data from WIND between 1997 and 2015 and on the 657 ICMEs that were recorded during this period. The method offers an unambiguous visual proxy of ICMEs that gives an interpretation of the data similar to what an expert observer would give. We found at a maximum 197 of the 232 ICMEs of the 2010-2015 period (recall 84 +-4.5 % including 90% of the ICMEs present in the lists of Nieves-Chinchilla et al. (2015) and Chi et al. (2016). The minimal number of False Positives was 25 out of 158 predicted ICMEs (precision 84+-2.6%). Although less accurate, the method also works with one or several missing input parameters. The method has the advantage of improving its performance by just increasing the amount of input data. The generality of the method paves the way for automatic detection of many different event signatures in spacecraft in-situ measurements.
a9279311-e437-459b-808f-e4855b41fec1
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2008.00572
One of the many limitations with the mixed-signal design is physically testing circuit ideas. While it is easier to test digital circuits with FPGAs, this can not be done usually with mixed-signal circuits. Although some FPGAs have built-in analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converters, regular commercial FPGAs development boards and low-cost FPGAs lack built-in data converters. Here we introduce an all-digital FPGA-based DAC, which is one of the main blocks to enable mixed-signal experiments. The DAC can be synthesized entirely in an FPGA and does not require the use of external components. Furthermore, and to extend its range of applications, a discussion regarding the proposed DAC's problems and possible solutions is presented. Experimental demonstration of a 4-bit and a 5-bit DAC corroborate the theoretical analysis developed in this work. This work also suggests a scheme which includes few external resistors to improve the linearity (DNL$\leq$0.25LSB and an INL$\leq$0.5LSB), and the power consumption (5X improvement over the standalone configuration).
a9279efe-6083-4864-8471-9fd8b305306d
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-0.034699645, -0.05372792, 0.06383661, -0.060649645, -0.031124651, -0.023703635, 0.008215959, -0.05615024, 0.0683818, 0.033234872, 0.01144589, -0.050389588, 0.030357003, 0.03815632, -0.006592909, 0.013964212, 0.019855594, 0.018128842, -0.0066766688, -0.0031638227, -0.0151377395, -0.013562381, 0.07629259 ]
2208.09536
This report covers our reproduction effort of the paper 'Differentiable Spatial Planning using Transformers' by Chaplot et al. . In this paper, the problem of spatial path planning in a differentiable way is considered. They show that their proposed method of using Spatial Planning Transformers outperforms prior data-driven models and leverages differentiable structures to learn mapping without a ground truth map simultaneously. We verify these claims by reproducing their experiments and testing their method on new data. We also investigate the stability of planning accuracy with maps with increased obstacle complexity. Efforts to investigate and verify the learnings of the Mapper module were met with failure stemming from a paucity of computational resources and unreachable authors.
a927a9ce-0a01-4702-912c-c50e5dec4204
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0.06750162, -0.04238923, -0.050672308, 0.04128792, -0.022556826, -0.045861665, -0.054040194, -0.02019126, 0.004904737, 0.016463162, 0.02284428, -0.015318299, -0.048857946, 0.0077323616, 0.069114536, 0.015428492, 0.044914167, 0.041058462, -0.005635233, 0.016496455, 0.010282967, -0.037845314, 0.0134102125, 0.03942709 ]
2009.13463
MN112 is the Galactic luminous blue variable (LBV) candidate with circumstellar nebula. P Cygni is the first discovered LBV, which was recorded during major eruptions in the 17th century. The stars have similar spectra with strong emission hydrogen lines, He I, N II, Si II, and Fe III lines. We present results of the spectroscopic analysis and modeling of MN112 spectra. We obtained main stellar parameters and chemical abundances of MN112 and compared them with those of P Cygni. Atmosphere models were calculated using non-LTE radiative transfer code CMFGEN. We have used spectra of MN112 obtained with the 3.5-m telescope at the Observatory of Calar Alto and 3.5-m ARC telescope at the Apache Point Observatory. P Cygni spectra were taken with the 6-m BTA telescope. We have found the best-fit of the observed spectrum with the model at temperature $T_{\text{eff}}= 15\,200$K, clumping-corrected mass-loss rate $\dot{M}f^{-0.5}=5.74 \times 10^{-5}\, M_{\odot}\text{yr}^{-1}$, filling-factor $f=0.1$, luminosity $L=5.77 \times 10^5\, L_{\odot}$ for MN112. The ratio of helium to hydrogen He/H is 0.37 (by the number of atoms) with nitrogen overabundance ($X_\text{N}/ X_{\odot} = 6.8$) and the underabundance of carbon ($X_\text{C}/ X_{\odot} < 0.1$).
a927bceb-b94f-4d1c-8eba-266c8face4e5
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0909.4767
These lecture notes where presented as a course of the CIMPA summer school in Manila, July 20-30, 2009, Semidefinite programming in algebraic combinatorics. This version is an update June 2010.
a927bd88-ce91-4b5d-9f8b-b5e6529e668a
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1812.06103
We present a catalogue of Giant Molecular Clouds (GMCs) in M33, extracted from cold dust continuum emission. Our GMCs are identified by computing dendrograms. We measure the spatial distribution of these clouds, and characterise their dust properties. Combining these measured properties with CO(J=2-1) and 21cm HI data, we calculate the gas-to-dust ratio (GDR) of these clouds, and from this compute a total cloud mass. In total, we find 165 GMCs with cloud masses in the range of 10$^4$-10$^7$ M$_\odot$. We find that radially, $\log_{10}(\mathrm{GDR}) = -0.043(\pm0.038) \,\mathrm{R [kpc]} + 1.88(\pm0.15)$, a much lower GDR than found in the Milky Way, and a correspondingly higher $\alpha_{\rm CO}$ factor. The mass function of these clouds follows a slope proportional to M$^{-2.84}$, steeper than many previous studies of GMCs in local galaxies, implying that M33 is poorer at forming massive clouds than other nearby spirals. Whilst we can rule out interstellar pressure as the major contributing factor, we are unable to disentangle the relative effects of metallicity and HI velocity dispersion. We find a reasonably featureless number density profile with galactocentric radius, and weak correlations between galactocentric radius and dust temperature/mass. These clouds are reasonably consistent with Larson's scaling relationships, and many of our sources are co-spatial with earlier CO studies. Massive clouds are identified at large galactocentric radius, unlike in these earlier studies, perhaps indicating a population of CO-dark gas dominated clouds at these larger distances.
a927c1a2-aacb-44cc-9a67-ef362a533636
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1912.01191
The statistical properties of the repeating fast radio burst FRB 121102 are investigated. We find that the cumulative distributions of fluence, flux density, total energy and waiting time can be well fitted by the bent power law. In addition, the probability density functions of fluctuations of fluence, flux density and total energy well follow the Tsallis $q$-Gaussian distribution. The $q$ values keep steady around $q\sim 2$ for different scale intervals, indicating a scale-invariant structure of the bursts. The statistical properties of FRB 121102 are very similar to that of the soft gamma repeater SGR J1550-5418. The underlying physical implications need to be further investigated.