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] | astro-ph/9811342 | In a previous paper (Veron et al. 1997) we presented medium resolution (3.4 A
FWHM) spectroscopic observations of 15 "transition objects", selected for
having an ambiguous location in the Veilleux & Osterbrock (1987) diagnostic
diagrams, and showed that most of them were in fact "composite", this being due
to the simultaneous presence on the slit of both a Seyfert or Liner nucleus and
a HII region. Here, we report new spectroscopic observations of 53
emission-line galaxies with a "transition" spectrum, bringing up to 61 the
total number of observed objects in an unbiased sample of 88 "transition
objects". Almost all of the observed galaxies have a "composite" nature,
confirming the finding that true "transition" spectra may not exist at all. By
eliminating "composite objects" from the diagnostic diagrams, a clear
separation between the different classes of nuclear emission-line regions
(Seyfert 2s, Liners and HII regions) becomes apparent; by restricting the
volume occupied by the different line-emitting regions in the 3-dimensional
diagnostic diagrams, we are also restricting the range of possible physical
parameters in these regions. There seems to be no continuity between Seyfert 2s
and Liners, the two classes occupying distinct volumes in the 3-dimensional
space defined by [OIII]5007/Hbeta, [NII]6583/Halpha, and [OI]6300/Halpha.
|
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] | 2207.12354 | We consider integrable boundary states in the XXX spin-1/2 spin chain. We
begin by briefly reviewing the algebraic Bethe Ansatz as well as integrable
boundary states in spin chains. Then a recently discovered class of integrable
states known as crosscap states is described and expanded. In these states each
spin is entangled with its antipodal spin. We present a novel proof of the
integrability of both a crosscap state that is known in the literature and one
that has not previously been studied. We then use the machinery of the
algebraic Bethe Ansatz to derive the overlaps between the crosscap states and
off-shell Bethe states.
|
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] | 2112.14573 | Modelling the broadband emission of jetted active galactic nuclei (AGN)
constitutes one of the main research topics of extragalactic astrophysics in
the multi-wavelength and multi-messenger domain.
We present agnpy, an open-source python package modelling the radiative
processes of relativistic particles accelerated in the jets of active galactic
nuclei. The package includes classes describing the galaxy components
responsible for line and thermal emission and calculates the absorption due to
$\gamma\gamma$ pair production on several photon fields. agnpy aims at
extending the effort of modelling and interpreting the emission of
extragalactic sources to a wide number of astrophysicists.
We present the package content and illustrate a few examples of applications
of its functionalities. We validate the software by comparing its results
against the literature and against other open-source software.
We illustrate the utility of agnpy in addressing the most common questions
encountered while modelling the emission of jetted active galaxies. When
comparing its results against the literature and other modelling tools adopting
the same physical assumptions, we achieve an agreement within $10-30\%$.
agnpy represents one of the first systematic and validated collection of
established radiative processes for jetted active galaxies in an open-source
python package. We hope it will stand also among the first endeavours providing
reproducible and transparent astrophysical software not only for data reduction
and analysis, but also for modelling and interpretation.
|
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-0.021609679,
0.051524553,
0.017328585,
-0.032860756,
0.003450118,
0.044970237,
0.050871313,
0.00077421765,
0.003604296,
0.05081151,
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0.058054496,
0.044212576,
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0.0023501392,
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0.022611668,
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] | 1706.02697 | We report high-pressure magnetization and $^{35}$Cl NMR studies on
$\alpha$-RuCl$_3$ with pressure up to 1.5~GPa. At low pressures, the magnetic
ordering is identified by both the magnetization data and the NMR data, where
the $T_N$ shows a concave shape dependence with pressure. These data suggest
stacking rearrangement along the $c$-axis. With increasing pressure, phase
separation appears prominently at $P\ge$~0.45~GPa, and the magnetic volume
fraction is completely suppressed at $P\ge$~1.05~GPa. Meanwhile, a
phase-transition-like behavior emerges at high pressures in the remaining
volume by a sharp drop of magnetization $M(T)$ upon cooling, with the
transition temperature $T_x$ increased to ~250~K at 1~GPa. The $1/^{35}T_1$ is
reduced by over three orders of magnitude when cooled below 100~K. This
characterizes a high-pressure, low-temperature phase with nearly absent static
susceptibility and low-energy spin fluctuations. The nature of the
high-pressure ground state is discussed, where a magnetically disordered state
is proposed as a candidate state.
|
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] | 1606.05165 | We use first-principles calculations based on density functional theory to
investigate the interplay between oxygen vacancies, A-site cation size /
tolerance factor, epitaxial strain, ferroelectricity and magnetism in the
perovskite manganite series, AMnO3 (A=Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+). We find that, as
expected, increasing the volume through either chemical pressure or tensile
strain generally lowers the formation energy of neutral oxygen vacancies
consistent with their established tendency to expand the lattice. Increased
volume also favors polar distortions, both because competing rotations of the
oxygen octahedra are suppressed and because coulomb repulsion associated with
cation off-centering is reduced. Interestingly, the presence of ferroelectric
polarization favors ferromagnetic over antiferromagnetic ordering due to
suppressed antiferromagnetic superexchange as the polar distortion bends the
Mn-O-Mn bond angles away from the optimal 180deg. Intriguingly, we find that
polar distortions compete with the formation of oxygen vacancies, which have a
higher formation energy in the polar phases; conversely the presence of oxygen
vacancies suppresses the onset of polarization. In contrast, oxygen vacancy
formation energies are lower for ferromagnetic than antiferromagnetic orderings
of the same structure type. Our findings suggest a rich and complex phase
diagram, in which defect chemistry, polarization, structure and magnetism can
be modified using chemical potential, strain, and electric or magnetic fields.
|
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] | 1909.07126 | In this paper, we present a Chebyshev based spectral method for the
computation of the Jost solutions corresponding to complex values of the
spectral parameter in the Zakharov--Shabat scattering problem. The discrete
framework is then used to devise a new algorithm based on a minimum total
variation (MTV) principle for the computation of the norming constants which
comprise the discrete part of the nonlinear Fourier spectrum. The method relies
on the MTV principle to find the points where the expressions for norming
constants are numerically well-conditioned.
|
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] | 2110.03050 | We determine the inner product on the Hilbert space of wavefunctions of the
universe by imposing the Hermiticity of the quantum Hamiltonian in the context
of the minisuperspace model. The corresponding quantum probability density
reproduces successfully the classical probability distribution in the $\hbar
\to 0$ limit, for closed universes filled with a perfect fluid of index $w$.
When $-1/3<w\le 1$, the wavefunction is normalizable and the quantum
probability density becomes vanishingly small at the big bang/big crunch
singularities, at least at the semi-classical level. Quantum expectation values
of physical geometrical quantities, which diverge classically at the
singularities, are shown to be finite.
|
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] | 2103.09505 | Context: The long-term carbonate-silicate cycle plays an important role in
the evolution of Earth's climate and, therefore, may also be an important
mechanism in the evolution of the climates of Earth-like exoplanets. Aims: We
investigate the effects of radiogenic mantle heating, core size, and planetary
mass on the evolution of the atmospheric partial $CO_2$ pressure, and the
ability of a long-term carbon cycle driven by plate tectonics to control the
atmospheric $CO_2$ pressure. Methods: We developed a box-model which connects
carbon cycling to parametrized mantle convection. The carbon cycle was coupled
to the thermal evolution via the plate speed, which depends on the global
Rayleigh number. Results: We find decreasing atmospheric $CO_2$ pressure with
time, up to an order of magnitude over 10 Gyr. Higher abundances of radioactive
isotopes result in higher $CO_2$ pressures. We find a decreasing Rayleigh
number and plate speed toward planets with larger core mass fractions $f_c$,
which leads to lower atmospheric $CO_2$ pressure. More massive planets may
favor the development of more $CO_2$ rich atmospheres due to hotter interiors.
Conclusions: The dependence of plate tectonics on mantle cooling has a
significant effect on the long-term evolution of the atmospheric $CO_2$
pressure. Carbon cycling mediated by plate tectonics is efficient in regulating
planetary climates for a wide range of mantle radioactive isotope abundances,
planet masses and core sizes. More efficient carbon cycling on planets with a
high mantle abundance of thorium or uranium highlights the importance of
mapping the abundances of these elements in host stars of potentially habitable
exoplanets. Inefficient carbon recycling on planets with a large core mass
fraction ($f_c\gtrsim 0.8$) emphasizes the importance of precise mass-radius
measurements of Earth-sized exoplanets.
|
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] | 1509.01494 | In this paper, we study the existence of positive entire large and bounded
radial positive solutions for a nonlinear system. Our results give an answer of
the question raised in [11].
|
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] | 2012.05220 | Stellar distances constitute a foundational pillar of astrophysics. The
publication of 1.47 billion stellar parallaxes from Gaia is a major
contribution to this. Yet despite Gaia's precision, the majority of these stars
are so distant or faint that their fractional parallax uncertainties are large,
thereby precluding a simple inversion of parallax to provide a distance. Here
we take a probabilistic approach to estimating stellar distances that uses a
prior constructed from a three-dimensional model of our Galaxy. This model
includes interstellar extinction and Gaia's variable magnitude limit. We infer
two types of distance. The first, geometric, uses the parallax together with a
direction-dependent prior on distance. The second, photogeometric, additionally
uses the colour and apparent magnitude of a star, by exploiting the fact that
stars of a given colour have a restricted range of probable absolute magnitudes
(plus extinction). Tests on simulated data and external validations show that
the photogeometric estimates generally have higher accuracy and precision for
stars with poor parallaxes. We provide a catalogue of 1.47 billion geometric
and 1.35 billion photogeometric distances together with asymmetric uncertainty
measures. Our estimates are quantiles of a posterior probability distribution,
so they transform invariably and can therefore also be used directly in the
distance modulus (5log10(r)-5). The catalogue may be downloaded or queried
using ADQL at various sites (see
http://www.mpia.de/homes/calj/gedr3_distances.html) where it can also be
cross-matched with the Gaia catalogue.
|
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] | 1202.2563 | The Fokker-Planck equations describe time evolution of probability densities
of stochastic dynamical systems and are thus widely used to quantify random
phenomena such as uncertainty propagation. For dynamical systems driven by
non-Gaussian L\'evy processes, however, it is difficult to obtain explicit
forms of Fokker-Planck equations because the adjoint operators of the
associated infinitesimal generators usually do not have exact formulation. In
the present paper, Fokker- Planck equations are derived in terms of infinite
series for nonlinear stochastic differential equations with non-Gaussian L\'evy
processes. A few examples are presented to illustrate the method.
|
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] | 1911.03070 | Cross-lingual word embeddings transfer knowledge between languages: models
trained on high-resource languages can predict in low-resource languages. We
introduce CLIME, an interactive system to quickly refine cross-lingual word
embeddings for a given classification problem. First, CLIME ranks words by
their salience to the downstream task. Then, users mark similarity between
keywords and their nearest neighbors in the embedding space. Finally, CLIME
updates the embeddings using the annotations. We evaluate CLIME on identifying
health-related text in four low-resource languages: Ilocano, Sinhalese,
Tigrinya, and Uyghur. Embeddings refined by CLIME capture more nuanced word
semantics and have higher test accuracy than the original embeddings. CLIME
often improves accuracy faster than an active learning baseline and can be
easily combined with active learning to improve results.
|
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0.003126065,
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0.05426133,
0.018350463,
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0.07691148,
0.0010219001,
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0.009394994,
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0.042524584,
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0.052829806,
0.034574,
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0.075302914,
0.050158054,
0.06944006,
-0.032110997,
-0.048342425,
0.022586515,
-0.041318975,
-0.049807705,
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0.01086551,
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] | 2108.05311 | We use the infinite volume reconstruction method to calculate the
charged/neutral pion mass difference. The hadronic tensor is calculated on
lattice QCD and then combined with an analytic photon propagator, and the mass
splitting is calculated with exponentially-suppressed finite volume errors. The
calculation is performed using six gauge ensembles generated with $2+1$-flavor
domain wall fermions, and five ensembles are at the physical pion mass. Both
Feynman and Coulomb gauge are adopted in the calculation and result in a good
agreement when the lattice spacing approaches zero. After performing the
continuum extrapolation and examining the residual finite-volume effects, we
obtain the pion mass splitting $\Delta m_\pi = 4.534(42)(43)~\mathrm{MeV}$,
which agrees well with experimental measurements.
|
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] | 1912.04943 | We present SKD, a novel keypoint detector that uses saliency to determine the
best candidates from a point cloud for tasks such as registration and
reconstruction. The approach can be applied to any differentiable deep learning
descriptor by using the gradients of that descriptor with respect to the 3D
position of the input points as a measure of their saliency. The saliency is
combined with the original descriptor and context information in a neural
network, which is trained to learn robust keypoint candidates. The key
intuition behind this approach is that keypoints are not extracted solely as a
result of the geometry surrounding a point, but also take into account the
descriptor's response. The approach was evaluated on two large LIDAR datasets -
the Oxford RobotCar dataset and the KITTI dataset, where we obtain up to 50%
improvement over the state-of-the-art in both matchability and repeatability.
When performing sparse matching with the keypoints computed by our method we
achieve a higher inlier ratio and faster convergence.
|
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] | 1707.02845 | We investigate the dependence of transmission losses on the choice of a slack
bus in high voltage AC transmission networks. We formulate a transmission loss
minimization problem in terms of slack variables representing the additional
power injection that each generator provides to compensate the transmission
losses. We show analytically that for transmission lines having small,
homogeneous resistance over reactance ratios ${r/x\ll1}$, transmission losses
are generically minimal in the case of a unique \textit{slack bus} instead of a
distributed slack bus. For the unique slack bus scenario, to lowest order in
${r/x}$, transmission losses depend linearly on a resistance distance based
indicator measuring the separation of the slack bus candidate from the rest of
the network. We confirm these results numerically for several IEEE and Pegase
testcases, and show that our predictions qualitatively hold also in the case of
lines having inhomogeneous ${r/x}$ ratios, with optimal slack bus choices
reducing transmission losses by ${10}\%$ typically.
|
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] | 2204.00733 | We consider the Clarkson-McLeod solutions of the fourth Painlev\'e equation.
This family of solutions behave like $\kappa
D_{\alpha-\frac{1}{2}}^2(\sqrt{2}x)$ as $x\rightarrow +\infty$, where $\kappa $
is an arbitrary real constant and $D_{\alpha-\frac{1}{2}}(x)$ is the parabolic
cylinder function. Using the Deift-Zhou nonlinear steepest descent method, we
obtain the singular asymptotics of the solutions as $x\to-\infty$ when $\kappa
\left( \kappa -\kappa ^*\right )>0$ for some real constant $\kappa ^*$. The
connection formulas are also explicitly evaluated. This proves and extends
Clarkson and McLeod's conjecture that when the parameter $\kappa >\kappa ^*>0$,
the Clarkson-McLeod solutions have infinitely many simple poles on the negative
real axis.
|
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] | 2102.01390 | Special point defects in semiconductors have been envisioned as suitable
components for quantum-information technology. The identification of new deep
centers in silicon that can be easily activated and controlled is a main target
of the research in the field. Vacancy-related complexes are suitable to provide
deep electronic levels but they are hard to control spatially. With the spirit
of investigating solid state devices with intentional vacancy-related defects
at controlled position, here we report on the functionalization of silicon
vacancies by implanting Ge atoms through single-ion implantation, producing
Ge-vacancy (GeV) complexes. We investigate the quantum transport through an
array of GeV complexes in a silicon-based transistor. By exploiting a model
based on an extended Hubbard Hamiltonian derived from ab-initio results we find
anomalous activation energy values of the thermally activated conductance of
both quasi-localized and delocalized many-body states, compared to conventional
dopants. We identify such states, forming the upper Hubbard band, as
responsible of the experimental sub-threshold transport across the transistor.
The combination of our model with the single-ion implantation method enables
future research for the engineering of GeV complexes towards the creation of
spatially controllable individual defects in silicon for applications in
quantum information technologies.
|
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] | 2201.01231 | The method of characteristics is extended to set-valued Hamilton-Jacobi
equations. This problems arises from a calculus of variations' problem with a
multicriteria Lagrangian function: through an embedding into a set-valued
framework, a set-valued Hamilton-Jacobi equation is derived, where the
Hamiltonian function is the Fenchel conjugate of the Lagrangian function. In
this paper a method of characteristics is described and some results are given
for the Fenchel conjugate.
|
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] | 1310.3984 | In this short report, we investigate the ability of the DCCA coefficient to
measure correlation level between non-stationary series. Based on a wide Monte
Carlo simulation study, we show that the DCCA coefficient can estimate the
correlation coefficient accurately regardless the strength of non-stationarity
(measured by the fractional differencing parameter $d$). For a comparison, we
also report the results for the standard Pearson's correlation coefficient. The
DCCA coefficient dominates the Pearson's coefficient for non-stationary series.
|
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] | 1908.10128 | Ecological risk assessment requires large amounts of chemical effect data
from laboratory experiments. Due to experimental effort and animal welfare
concerns it is desired to extrapolate data from existing sources. To cover the
required chemical effect data several data sources need to be integrated to
enable their interoperability. In this paper we introduce the Toxicological
Effect and Risk Assessment (TERA) knowledge graph, which aims at providing such
integrated view, and the data preparation and steps followed to construct this
knowledge graph.
We also present the applications of TERA for chemical effect prediction and
the potential applications within the Semantic Web community.
|
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] | astro-ph/0602473 | We use a sample of 87 rest-frame UV-selected star-forming galaxies with mean
spectroscopic redshift z=2.26 to study the correlation between metallicity and
stellar mass at high redshift. Using stellar masses determined from SED fitting
to 0.3-8 micron photometry, we divide the sample into six bins in stellar mass,
and construct six composite H-alpha+[NII] spectra from all of the objects in
each bin. We estimate the mean oxygen abundance in each bin from the
[NII]/H-alpha ratio, and find a monotonic increase in metallicity with
increasing stellar mass, from 12+log(O/H) < 8.2 for galaxies with <M_star> =
2.7e9 Msun to 12+log(O/H) = 8.6 for galaxies with <M_star> = 1e11 Msun. We use
the empirical relation between star formation rate density and gas density to
estimate the gas fractions of the galaxies, finding an increase in gas fraction
with decreasing stellar mass. These gas fractions combined with the observed
metallicities allow the estimation of the effective yield y_eff as a function
of stellar mass; in constrast to observations in the local universe which show
a decrease in y_eff with decreasing baryonic mass, we find a slight increase.
Such a variation of metallicity with gas fraction is best fit by a model with
supersolar yield and an outflow rate ~4 times higher than the star formation
rate. We conclude that the mass-metallicity relation at high redshift is driven
by the increase in metallicity as the gas fraction decreases through star
formation, and is likely modulated by metal loss from strong outflows in
galaxies of all masses. There is no evidence for preferential loss of metals
from low mass galaxies as has been suggested in the local universe. [Abridged]
|
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] | 1507.01179 | Latent factor GARCH models are difficult to estimate using Bayesian methods
because standard Markov chain Monte Carlo samplers produce slowly mixing and
inefficient draws from the posterior distributions of the model parameters.
This paper describes how to apply the particle Gibbs algorithm to estimate
factor GARCH models efficiently. The method has two advantages over previous
approaches. First, it generalises in a straightfoward way to models with
multiple factors and to various members of the GARCH family. Second, it scales
up well as the dimension of the o, bservation vector increases.
|
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] | 2010.12526 | We investigate strongly nonlinear stationary gravity waves which experience
refraction due to a thin vertical shear layer of horizontal background wind.
The velocity amplitude of the waves is of the same order of magnitude as the
background flow and hence the self-induced mean flow alters the modulation
properties to leading order. In this theoretical study, we show that the
stability of such a refracted wave depends on the classical modulation
stability criterion for each individual layer, above and below the shearing.
Additionally, the stability is conditioned by novel instability criteria
providing bounds on the mean-flow horizontal wind and the amplitude of the
wave. A necessary condition for instability is that the mean-flow horizontal
wind in the upper layer is stronger than the wind in the lower layer.
|
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] | cond-mat/0306541 | The conductivity and magnetization of Fe1-xCoxS2 were measured to investigate
quantum critical behavior in disordered itinerant magnets. Small x (<0.001) is
required to convert insulating iron pyrite into a metal, followed by a
paramagnetic-to-ferromagnetic metal transition at x = 0.032+/-0.004. Singular
contributions are discovered that are distinct from those at either
metal-insulator or magnetic transitions. Our data reveal that disorder and low
carrier density associated with proximity to a metal-insulator transition
fundamentally modifies the critical behavior of the magnetic transition.
|
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] | 0810.1603 | We propose a generalization of logarithmic and Schwarzenberger bundles over
$\P^n=\P^n(\C)$ when the rank is greater than $n$. The first ones are
associated to finite sets of points on $\P^{n\vee}$ and the second ones to
curves with degree greater than $n$ on $\P^{n\vee}$. On the projective plane we
show that two logarithmic bundles are isomorphic if and only if they are
associated to the same set of points or if the two sets of points belong to a
curve of degree equal to the rank of the considered bundles.
|
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] | hep-ph/9702433 | We construct a hybrid inflationary model associated with the superheavy scale
of supersymmetric grand unified theories in which the inflaton potential is
provided entirely by canonical supergravity. We find that the spectrum of
adiabatic density perturbations is characterized by a strongly varying spectral
index which is considerably larger than unity. Moreover, the total number of
e-foldings is very limited. Implications of our analysis for other hybrid
inflationary scenarios are briefly discussed.
|
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] | 2111.06135 | For many functions of matrices $f(A)$, it is known that their entries exhibit
a rapid -- often exponential or even superexponential -- decay away from the
sparsity pattern of the matrix $A$. In this paper we specifically focus on the
class of Bernstein functions, which contains the fractional powers $A^\alpha$,
$\alpha \in (0,1)$ as an important special case, and derive new decay bounds by
exploiting known results for the matrix exponential in conjunction with the
L\'evy--Khintchine integral representation. As a particular special case, we
find a result concerning the power law decay of the strength of connection in
nonlocal network dynamics described by the fractional graph Laplacian, which
improves upon known results from the literature by doubling the exponent in the
power law.
|
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] | 1502.00411 | Graphene, a two-dimensional (2D) material with unique electronic properties,
appears to be an ideal object for the application of surface-science methods.
Among them, a family of scanning probe microscopy methods (STM, AFM, KPFM) and
the corresponding spectroscopy add-ons provide information about the structure
and electronic properties of graphene on the local scale (from inline imagem to
atoms). This review focuses on the recent applications of these
microscopic/spectroscopic methods for the investigation of graphene on metals
(interfaces, intercalation-like systems, graphene nanoribbons, and quantum
dots, etc.). It is shown that very important information about interaction
strength at the graphene/metal interfaces as well as about modification of the
electronic spectrum of graphene at the Fermi level can be obtained on the local
scale. The combination of these results with those obtained by other methods
and comparison with recent theoretical data demonstrate the power of this
approach for the investigation of the graphene-based systems.
|
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] | 2204.11571 | We derive a dynamical field theory for self-propelled particles subjected to
generic torques and forces by explicitly coarse-graining their microscopic
dynamics, described by a many-body Fokker-Planck equation. The model includes
both intrinsic torques inducing self-rotation, as well as interparticle torques
leading to, for instance, the local alignment of particles' orientations.
Within this approach, although the functional form of the pairwise interactions
does not need to be specified, one can directly map the parameters of the field
theory onto the parameters of particle-based models. We perform a linear
stability analysis of the homogeneous solution of the field equations and find
both long-wavelength and short-wavelength instabilities. The former signals the
emergence of a macroscopic structure, which we associate with motility-induced
phase separation, while the second one signals the growth of a finite structure
with a characteristic size. Intrinsic torques hinder phase separation, pushing
the onset of the long-wavelength instability to higher activities. Further,
they generate finite-sized structures with a characteristic size proportional
to both the self-propulsion velocity and the inverse of the self-rotation
frequency. Our results show that a general mechanism might explain why
chirality tends to suppress motility-induced phase separation but instead
promotes the formation of non-equilibrium patterns.
|
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] | hep-lat/9211043 | We formulate lattice fermions in a way that encompasses Wilson fermions as
well as the static and non-relativistic approximations. In particular, we treat
$m_qa$ systematically ($m_q$ is the fermion mass) showing how to understand the
Wilson action as an effective action for systems with $\vek{p}\ll m_q$. The
results show how to extract matrix elements and the spectrum from simulations
with $m_qa\approx1$, which is relevant for the charm quark.
|
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] | astro-ph/0001465 | I review gamma-ray burst optical/multiwavelength afterglow observations since
1997, when the first counterparts to GRBs were discovered. I discuss what we
have learned from multiwavelength observations of GRB afterglows in relation to
the `standard' fireball plus relativistic blast-wave models. To first order the
`standard' model describes the afterglow observations well, but a wealth of
information can be gathered from the deviations of GRB afterglow observations
from this `standard' model. These deviations provide information on the nature
of the progenitor and on the physics of GRB production. In particular I focus
on the possible connection of GRBs to supernovae, on jet and circumstellar wind
models, on the early-time afterglow, and on the emission from the reverse
shock.
|
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0.024365636,
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0.010108755,
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] | 1308.0360 | We report the carrier densities at the surface of single-crystal quantum
wells as a function of material, orientation and well width. We include wells
constructed from silicon, gallium arsenide and indium arsenide with three
crystal orientations, (100), (110) and (111), included for each material. We
find that the D2 states in a silicon (100) quantum well have the smallest
density near the surface of the slab. Inspection of the planar average of the
carrier densities reveals a characteristic shape that depends on the material
and orientation, which leads to a varying degree of suppression or enhancement
of the density near the surface. The physics responsible for the suppression or
enhancement of the density near the surface can be traced to a constraint
imposed by the symmetry of quantum well wavefunction on the phases of the bulk
Bloch states of the crystal from which it can be constructed.
|
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] | 2006.03256 | With rising concern around abusive and hateful behavior on social media
platforms, we present an ensemble learning method to identify and analyze the
linguistic properties of such content. Our stacked ensemble comprises of three
machine learning models that capture different aspects of language and provide
diverse and coherent insights about inappropriate language. The proposed
approach provides comparable results to the existing state-of-the-art on the
Twitter Abusive Behavior dataset (Founta et al. 2018) without using any user or
network-related information; solely relying on textual properties. We believe
that the presented insights and discussion of shortcomings of current
approaches will highlight potential directions for future research.
|
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] | 1610.01375 | The static properties of the fundamental model for epidemics of diseases
allowing immunity (susceptible-infected-removed model) are known to be
derivable by an exact mapping to bond percolation. Yet when performing
numerical simulations of these dynamics in a network a number of subtleties
must be taken into account in order to correctly estimate the transition point
and the associated critical properties. We expose these subtleties and identify
the different quantities which play the role of criticality detector in the two
dynamics.
|
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] | 1006.0473 | Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) are an environmentally friendly
technology that is expected to rapidly penetrate the transportation system.
Renewable energy sources such as wind and solar have received considerable
attention as clean power options for future generation expansion. However,
these sources are intermittent and increase the uncertainty in the ability to
generate power. The deployment of PHEVs in a vehicle-to-grid (V2G) system
provide a potential mechanism for reducing the variability of renewable energy
sources. For example, PHEV supporting infrastructures like battery exchange
stations that provide battery service to PHEV customers could be used as
storage devices to stabilize the grid when renewable energy production is
fluctuating. In this paper, we study how to best site these stations in terms
of how they can support both the transportation system and the power grid. To
model this problem we develop a two-stage stochastic program to optimally
locate the stations prior to the realization of battery demands, loads, and
generation capacity of renewable power sources. We develop two test cases to
study the benefits and the performance of these systems.
|
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] | 1205.4704 | We prove a logarithmic estimate in the Hardy-Sobolev space $H^{k, 2}$, $k$ a
positive integer, of the unit disk ${\mathbb D}$. This estimate extends those
previously established by L. Baratchart and M. Zerner in $H^{1,2}$ and by S.
Chaabane and I. Feki in $H^{k,\infty}$. We use it to derive logarithmic
stability results for the inverse problem of identifying Robin's coefficients
in corrosion detection by electrostatic boundary measurements and for a
recovery interpolation scheme in the Hardy-Sobolev space $H^{k, 2}$ with
interpolation points located on the boundary ${\mathbb T}$ of the unit disk.
|
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] | hep-ex/0305029 | New results reported at the Moriond-QCD 2003 conference from the experiments
ALEPH, DELPHI, L3, and OPAL on the structure of the photon as well as heavy
quark production in gammagamma collisions are presented. The hadronic structure
of the photon is studied in single-tagged events; the interaction of two
virtual photons is investigated in double-tagged events. Di-jet events allow,
besides constraining the photon structure, investigations on the structure of
jets, measurement of the di-jet as well as inclusive and differential cross
sections. Inclusive charm and bottom production are investigated at LEP~2
energies. The total and differential cross sections for charm quarks are now
measured by all four LEP collaborations, the total bottom by two. Charmonia are
detected inclusively via the muonic decay of the J/psi and separated for the
resolved and diffractive processes. Updated results are available for exclusive
production of the eta_c meson. The search for exclusive eta_b production is
presented.
|
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] | math-ph/0412085 | We study a few problems related to Markov processes of flipping
triangulations of the sphere. We show that these processes are ergodic and
mixing, but find a natural example which does not satisfy detailed balance. In
this example, the expected distribution of the degrees of the nodes seems to
follow the power law $d^{-4}$.
|
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] | 1512.01140 | Established populations often exhibit oscillations in their sizes. If a
population is isolated, intrinsic stochasticity of elemental processes can
ultimately bring it to extinction. Here we study extinction of oscillating
populations in a stochastic version of the Rosenzweig-MacArthur predator-prey
model. To this end we extend a WKB approximation (after Wentzel, Kramers and
Brillouin) of solving the master equation to the case of extinction from a
limit cycle in the space of population sizes. We evaluate the extinction rates
and find the most probable paths to extinction by applying Floquet theory to
the dynamics of an effective WKB Hamiltonian. We show that the entropic
barriers to extinction change in a non-analytic way as the system passes
through the Hopf bifurcation. We also study the subleading pre-exponential
factors of the WKB approximation.
|
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] | 1803.07513 | This paper presents a novel control protocol for distance and orientation
formation control of rigid bodies, whose sensing graph is a static and
undirected tree, in the special Euclidean group SE(3). The proposed control
laws are decentralized, in the sense that each agent uses only local relative
information from its neighbors to calculate its control signal, as well as
robust with respect to modeling (parametric and structural) uncertainties and
external disturbances. The proposed methodology guarantees the satisfaction of
inter-agent distance constraints that resemble collision avoidance and
connectivity maintenance properties. Moreover, certain predefined functions
characterize the transient and steady state performance of the closed loop
system. Finally, simulation results verify the validity and efficiency of the
proposed approach.
|
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] | 0911.3629 | We perform a fully relativistic calculation of the $^2 H(e,e'\vec p)n$
reaction in the impulse approximation employing the Gross equation to describe
the deuteron ground state, and we use the SAID parametrization of the full NN
scattering amplitude to describe the final state interactions (FSIs). The
formalism for treating the ejectile polarization with a spin projection on an
arbitrary axes is discussed. We show results for the six relevant asymmetries
and discuss the role of spin-dependent FSI contributions.
|
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] | 1307.0973 | This is not standard in the sense that we understand a Springer map to be a
collapsing of homogeneous bundles. Apart from that we use mostly techniques
from Chriss and Ginzbergs book but we work in the equivariant derived category
of Bernstein and Lunts. We define Steinberg algebras as (equivariant)
Borel-Moore homology algebras of the associated Steinberg varieties. The data
of the BBD-decomposition theorem applied to the Springer map give a
parametrization of projective graded and simple graded modules over the
Steinberg algebra. Also, the projective graded modules are equivalent to a
category of shifts of perverse sheaves. This has as a consequence for example
the Springer correspondence. We call classical Springer Theory what is usually
considered as Springer Theory. The main results are parametrizations of simple
modules of different types of Hecke algebras. Our second main example is
quiver-graded Springer theory (due to Lusztig), here the Steinberg algebras are
the quiver Hecke algebras. We also explain Lusztig's and Khovanov-Lauda's
monoidal categorification of the negative half of the quantum group using the
categories of shifts of perverse sheaves and projective graded modules over the
quiver Hecke algebra respectively.
|
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] | 1507.05060 | There is a recurring question in solar physics about whether or not electric
currents are neutralized in active regions (ARs). This question was recently
revisited using three-dimensional (3D) magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) numerical
simulations of magnetic flux emergence into the solar atmosphere. Such
simulations showed that flux emergence can generate a substantial net current
in ARs. Another source of AR currents are photospheric horizontal flows. Our
aim is to determine the conditions for the occurrence of net vs. neutralized
currents with this second mechanism. Using 3D MHD simulations, we
systematically impose line-tied, quasi-static, photospheric twisting and
shearing motions to a bipolar potential magnetic field. We find that such
flows: (1) produce both {\it direct} and {\it return} currents, (2) induce very
weak compression currents - not observed in 2.5D - in the ambient field present
in the close vicinity of the current-carrying field, and (3) can generate
force-free magnetic fields with a net current. We demonstrate that neutralized
currents are in general produced only in the absence of magnetic shear at the
photospheric polarity inversion line - a special condition rarely observed. We
conclude that, as magnetic flux emergence, photospheric flows can build up net
currents in the solar atmosphere, in agreement with recent observations. These
results thus provide support for eruption models based on pre-eruption magnetic
fields possessing a net coronal current.
|
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] | 1811.01699 | One of the critical issues in bibliometric research assessments is the time
required to achieve maturity in citations. Citation counts can be considered a
reliable proxy of the real impact of a work only if they are observed after
sufficient time has passed from publication date. In the present work the
authors investigate the effect of varying the time of citation observation on
accuracy of productivity rankings for research institutions. Research
productivity measures are calculated for all Italian universities active in the
hard sciences in the 2001-2003 period, by individual field and discipline, with
the time of the citation observation varying from 2004 to 2008. The objective
is to support policy-makers in choosing a citation window that optimizes the
tradeoff between accuracy of rankings and timeliness of the exercise.
|
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] | cs/0201029 | The semantics of the Prolog ``cut'' construct is explored in the context of
some desirable properties of logic programming systems, referred to as the
witness properties. The witness properties concern the operational consistency
of responses to queries. A generalization of Prolog with negation as failure
and cut is described, and shown not to have the witness properties. A
restriction of the system is then described, which preserves the choice and
first-solution behaviour of cut but allows the system to have the witness
properties.
The notion of cut in the restricted system is more restricted than the Prolog
hard cut, but retains the useful first-solution behaviour of hard cut, not
retained by other proposed cuts such as the ``soft cut''. It is argued that the
restricted system achieves a good compromise between the power and utility of
the Prolog cut and the need for internal consistency in logic programming
systems. The restricted system is given an abstract semantics, which depends on
the witness properties; this semantics suggests that the restricted system has
a deeper connection to logic than simply permitting some computations which are
logical.
Parts of this paper appeared previously in a different form in the
Proceedings of the 1995 International Logic Programming Symposium.
|
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] | 2101.00857 | We study the amplification of rotation velocity with the Sagnac
interferometer based on the concept of weak-value amplification. By using a
different scheme to perform the Sagnac interferometer with the probe in
momentum space, we have demonstrated the new weak measure protocol to detect
the small rotation velocity by amplifying the phase shift of the Sagnac effect.
At the given the maximum incident intensity of the initial spectrum, the
detection limit of the intensity of the spectrometer and the accuracy of
angular velocity measurement, we can theoretical give the appropriate
potselection and the minimum of optical path area before experiment. In
addition, we put forward a new optical design to increase the optical path area
and decrease the size of the interferometer to overcome the limit of instrument
size. Finally, our modified Sagnac's interferometer based on weak measurement
is innovative and efficient probing the small rotation velocity signal.
|
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] | math/0302097 | Three examples of free field constructions for the vertex operators of the
elliptic quantum group ${\cal A}_{q,p}(\hat{sl}_2)$ are obtained. Two of these
(for $p^{1/2}=\pm q^{3/2},p^{1/2}=-q^2$) are based on representation theories
of the deformed Virasoro algebra, which correspond to the level 4 and level 2
$Z$-algebra of Lepowsky and Wilson. The third one ($p^{1/2}=q^{3}$) is
constructed over a tensor product of a bosonic and a fermionic Fock spaces. The
algebraic structure at $p^{1/2}=q^{3}$, however, is not related to the deformed
Virasoro algebra. Using these free field constructions, an integral formula for
the correlation functions of Baxter's eight-vertex model is obtained. This
formula shows different structure compared with the one obtained by Lashkevich
and Pugai.
|
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] | 1706.04408 | I compare values of the frequencies, separation ratios, errors and covariance
matrices from a new analysis of 9 solar-like stars with the Legacy project
values reported by Lund et al and, for 16Cyg A&B and KIC8379927, with values
derived by Davies et al. There is good agreement between my results (using
Davies power spectra) and Davies's for these 3 stars, but no such agreement
with the Legacy project results.
My frequencies differ from the Legacy values, there are inconsistencies in
the Legacy frequency covariance matrices which are not positive definite, and
the Legacy errors on separation ratios are up to 40 times larger than mine and
the values and upper limits derived from the Legacy frequency covariances.
There are similar anomalies for 6 other solar-like stars: frequencies and
separation ratio errors disagree and 2 have non positive definite covariance
matrices. There are inconsistencies in the covariance matrices of 27 the 66
stars in the full Legacy set and problems with the ratio errors for the vast
majority of these stars}
|
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] | astro-ph/9810472 | G320.4-01.2 is a complex radio and X-ray source, coinciding on the sky with
the young energetic pulsar B1509-58. A young pulsar embedded in a SNR would
seem to accord with expectations, but previous observations suggest that all
may not be what it seems. Controversy persists over whether the pulsar and the
SNR are associated, and as to what causes the remnant's unusual appearance. To
answer these questions, we have undertaken a set of high-resolution radio
observations of the system. We present the results of this study, which provide
new evidence that PSR B1509-58 is associated with and is interacting with
G320.4-01.2.
|
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] | hep-ph/0311177 | The ``Little Higgs'' opens up a new avenue for natural electroweak symmetry
breaking in which the standard model Higgs particle is realized as a
pseudo-Goldstone boson and thus is generically light. The symmetry breaking
structure of the Little Higgs models predicts a large multiplet of
(pseudo-)Goldstone bosons and their low energy interactions below the
ultraviolet (UV) completion scale $\Lambda \sim 4\pi f \sim O(10)$ TeV, where
$f$ is the Goldstone decay constant. We study unitarity of the Little Higgs
models by systematically analyzing the high energy scatterings of these
(pseudo-)Goldstone bosons. We reveal that the collective effect of the
Goldstone scatterings via coupled channel analysis tends to push the unitarity
violation scale $\Lambda_U$ significantly below the conventional UV scale
$\Lambda \sim 4\pi f$ as estimated by naive dimensional analysis (NDA).
Specifically, $\Lambda_U \sim (3-4)f$, lying in the multi-TeV range for $f\sim
1$ TeV. We interpret this as an encouraging sign that the upcoming LHC may
explore aspects of Little Higgs UV completions, and we discuss some potential
signatures. The meanings of the two estimated UV scales $\Lambda_U$ (from
unitarity violation) and $\Lambda$ (from NDA) together with their implications
for an effective field theory analysis of the Little Higgs models are also
discussed.
|
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] | astro-ph/0308153 | Two-and-a-half-dimensional particle-in-cell plasma simulations are used to
study the particle energization in expanding magnetized electron-positron
plasmas with slab geometry. When the magnetized relativistic plasma with high
temperature (initial electron and positron temperature are
$k_{B}T_{e}=k_{B}T_{p}=5MeV$) is expanding into a vacuum, the electromagnetic
(EM) pulse with large amplitude is formed and the surface plasma particles are
efficiently accelerated in the forward direction owing to the energy conversion
from the EM field to the plasma particles. We find that the behavior of the
DRPA (Diamagnetic Relativistic Pulse Accelerator) depends strongly on the ratio
of the electron plasma frequency to the cyclotron frequency
$\omega_{pe}/\Omega_{e}$ and the initial plasma thickness. In the high
$\omega_{pe}/\Omega_{e}$ case, the EM pulse is rapidly damped and the plasma
diffuses uniformly without forming density peaks because the initial thermal
energy of the plasma is much larger than the field energy. On the contrary, in
the low $\omega_{pe}/\Omega_{e}$ case, the field energy becomes large enough to
energize all the plasma particles, which are confined in the EM pulse and
efficiently accelerated to ultrarelativistic energies. We also find that a
thicker initial plasma increases the maximum energy of the accelerated
particles.
|
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] | 1906.07497 | We study the light quark-mass dependence of charmed baryon masses as measured
by various QCD lattice collaborations. A global fit to such data based on the
chiral SU(3) Lagrangian is reported on. All low-energy constants that are
relevant at next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order (N$^3$LO) are determined from
the lattice data sets where constraints from sum rules as they follow from
large-Nc QCD at subleading order are considered. The expected hierarchy for the
low-energy constants in the 1/Nc expansion is confirmed by our global fits to
the lattice data. With our results the low-energy interaction of the Goldstone
bosons with the charmed baryon ground states is well constrained and the path
towards realistic coupled-channel computations in this sector of QCD is
prepared.
|
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0.03761171,
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] | 0804.2617 | We choose such boundary conditions for open IIB superstring theory which
preserve N=1 SUSY. The explicite solution of the boundary conditions yields
effective theory which is symmetric under world-sheet parity transformation
$\Omega:\sigma\to-\sigma$. We recognize effective theory as closed type I
superstring theory. Its background fields,beside known $\Omega$ even fields of
the initial IIB theory, contain improvements quadratic in $\Omega$ odd ones.
|
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] | 2104.13387 | The motion of three bodies can be solved perturbatively when a tightly bound
inner binary is orbited by a distant perturber, giving rise for example to the
well-known Kozai-Lidov oscillations. We propose to study the relativistic
hierarchical three-body orbits by adapting the Effective Field Theory
techniques used in the two-body problem. This allows us to conveniently treat
the inner binary as an effective point-particle, thus reducing the complexity
of the three-body problem to a simpler spinning two-body motion. We present in
details the mapping between the inner binary osculating elements and the
resulting spin of the effective point-particle. Our study builds towards a
derivation of three-body analytic waveforms.
|
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0.029360425,
-0.0011913036,
-0.02308175,
-0.015626542,
0.057153605
] | 2103.14459 | Bonicatto--Pasqualetto--Rajala (2020) proved that a decomposition theorem for
sets of finite perimeter into indecomposable sets, known to hold in Euclidean
spaces, holds also in complete metric spaces equipped with a doubling measure,
supporting a Poincar\'e inequality, and satisfying an \emph{isotropicity}
condition. We show that the last assumption can be removed.
|
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] | 1504.01049 | We create a 'virtual-seabed' platform to realize the 3D visual analysis of
seabed on smartphone. The 3D seabed platform is based on a 'section-drilling'
model, implementing visualization and analysis of the integrated data of seabed
on the 3D browser on smartphone. Some 3D visual analysis functions are
developed. This work presents a thorough and interesting way of presenting
seabed data on smartphone, which raises many application possibilities. This
platform is another practical proof based on our WebVRGIS platform.
|
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] | 2006.14082 | Standard discontinuous Galerkin methods, based on piecewise polynomials of
degree $ \qq=0,1$, are considered for temporal semi-discretization for second
order hyperbolic equations. The main goal of this paper is to present a simple
and straightforward a priori error analysis of optimal order with minimal
regularity requirement on the solution. Uniform norm in time error estimates
are also proved. To this end, energy identities and stability estimates of bthe
discrete problem are proved for a slightly more general problem. These are used
to prove optimal order a priori error estimates with minimal regularity
requirement on the solution. The combination with the classic continuous
Galerkin finite element discretization in space variable is used, to formulate
a full-discrete scheme. The a priori error analysis is presented. Numerical
experiments are performed to verify the theoretical results.
|
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] | physics/0312073 | The main objective of the paper is to determine asymptotic solutions to the
initial-value conditions for Vlasov-Ampere/Gauss system of equations that is to
find the "far field" solutions. Next, we determine dispersion relations for
longitudinal waves (DAW and DIAW) by use of the linearized Vlasov equations. In
case of simplified equilibrium velocity distributions but for fully nonlinear
plasmas, we determine velocity distributions and by use of Sagdeev potential
equations, we compute the solitary and double layer structures for a set of
dusty plasma parameters. By use of Sagdeev potential, we determine the
electrical capacity of plasma double layers.
|
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] | 1001.3397 | Monte Carlo studies of the 3D random field $XY$ model on simple cubic
lattices of size $64^3$, using two different isotropic random-field probability
distributions of moderate strength, show a glassy freezing behavior above
$T_c$, and long-range order below $T_c$, consistent with our earlier results
for weaker and stronger random fields. This model should describe random
pinning in vortex lattices in type-II superconducting alloys, charge-density
wave materials, and decagonal quasicrystals.
|
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] | 1805.08728 | Distributionally robust optimization (DRO) problems are increasingly seen as
a viable method to train machine learning models for improved model
generalization. These min-max formulations, however, are more difficult to
solve. We therefore provide a new stochastic gradient descent algorithm to
efficiently solve this DRO formulation. Our approach applies gradient descent
to the outer minimization formulation and estimates the gradient of the inner
maximization based on a sample average approximation. The latter uses a subset
of the data in each iteration, progressively increasing the subset size to
ensure convergence. Theoretical results include establishing the optimal manner
for growing the support size to balance a fundamental tradeoff between
stochastic error and computational effort. Empirical results demonstrate the
significant benefits of our approach over previous work, and also illustrate
how learning with DRO can improve generalization.
|
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] | 1503.08533 | Herein, we present a feasible, general protocol for quantum communication
within a network via generalized remote preparation of an arbitrary $m$-qubit
entangled state designed with genuine tripartite
Greenberger--Horne--Zeilinger-type entangled resources. During the
implementations, we construct novel collective unitary operations; these
operations are tasked with performing the necessary phase transfers during
remote state preparations. We have distilled our implementation methods into a
five-step procedure, which can be used to faithfully recover the desired state
during transfer. Compared to previous existing schemes, our methodology
features a greatly increased success probability. After the consumption of
auxiliary qubits and the performance of collective unitary operations, the
probability of successful state transfer is increased four-fold and eight-fold
for arbitrary two- and three-qubit entanglements when compared to other methods
within the literature, respectively. We conclude this paper with a discussion
of the presented scheme for state preparation, including: success
probabilities, reducibility and generalizability.
|
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0.005815818,
0.00067448674,
0.05601886,
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0.018661028,
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0.0062079113,
0.022788431,
0.059902214,
0.018797876,
0.010658596,
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0.05855869,
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] | 1110.2867 | We consider $K$ links operating concurrently in the same spectral band. Each
transmitter has multiple antennas, while each receiver uses a single antenna.
This setting corresponds to the multiple-input single-output interference
channel. We assume perfect channel state information at the single-user
decoding receivers whereas the transmitters only have estimates of the true
channels. The channel estimation errors are assumed to be bounded in elliptical
regions whose geometry is known at the transmitters. Robust beamforming
optimizes worst-case received power gains, and a Pareto optimal point is a
worst-case achievable rate tuple from which it is impossible to increase a
link's performance without degrading the performance of another. We
characterize the robust beamforming vectors necessary to operate at any Pareto
optimal point. Moreover, these beamforming vectors are parameterized by
$K(K-1)$ real-valued parameters. We analyze the system's spectral efficiency at
high and low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Zero forcing transmission achieves
full multiplexing gain at high SNR only if the estimation errors scale linearly
with inverse SNR. If the errors are SNR independent, then single-user
transmission is optimal at high SNR. At low SNR, robust maximum ratio
transmission optimizes the minimum energy per bit for reliable communication.
Numerical simulations illustrate the gained theoretical results.
|
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] | 1606.05410 | This work reports a peculiar and interesting train of microwave type III pair
bursts in the impulsive rising phase of a solar flare on 2011 September 26. The
observations include radio spectrometers at frequency of 0.80 - 2.00 GHz, hard
X-ray (RHESSI and FERMI), EUV images of SWAP/PROBA-2 and magnetogram of
HMI/SDO. By using a recently developed method (Tan et al. 2016a), we diagnosed
the plasma density, temperature, plasma beta, magnetic field near the source
region, the energy of energetic electrons and the distance between the
acceleration region and the emission start sites of type III bursts. From the
diagnostics, we find that: (1) The plasma density, temperature, magnetic field,
and the distance between the acceleration region and the emission start sites
almost have no obvious variations during the period of type III pair trains,
while the energy of electrons has an obvious peak value which is consistent to
the hard X-ray emission. (2) The plasma beta is much higher than an unity
showing a highly dynamic process near the emission start site of type III
bursts. (3) Although the reversed-slope type III branches drift slower at one
order of magnitude than that of the normal type III branches, the related
downgoing and upgoing electrons still could have same order of magnitude of
energy. These facts indicate that both of the upgoing and downgoing electrons
are possibly accelerated by similar mechanism and in a small source region.
This diagnostics can help us to understand the microphysics in the source
region of solar bursts.
|
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-0.0092904875,
-0.030346695,
0.00029706617,
-0.056239672,
0.0082411785,
0.062338166,
0.002499757,
0.03568382,
0.006663488,
-0.002733928,
-0.0033980529,
-0.014219348,
-0.017812336,
0.0018847833,
0.0255342
] | 2106.10425 | In this present work, we have obtained a singularity-free spherically
symmetric stellar model with anisotropic pressure in the background of
Einstein's general theory of relativity. The Einstein's field equations have
been solved by exploiting Tolman {\em ansatz} [Richard C Tolman, Phys. Rev.
55:364, 1939] in $(3+1)$-dimensional space-time. Using observed values of mass
and radius of the compact star PSR J1903+327, we have calculated the numerical
values of all the constants from the boundary conditions. All the physical
characteristics of the proposed model have been discussed both analytically and
graphically. The new exact solution satisfies all the physical criteria for a
realistic compact star. The matter variables are regular and well behaved
throughout the stellar structure. Constraints on model parameters have been
obtained. All the energy conditions are verified with the help of graphical
representation. The stability condition of the present model has been described
through different testings.
|
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] | 1904.05573 | For a fixed integer $k$, we consider the set of noncrossing partitions, where
both the block sizes and the difference between adjacent elements in a block is
$1\bmod k$. We show that these $k$-indivisible noncrossing partitions can be
recovered in the setting of subgroups of the symmetric group generated by
$(k+1)$-cycles, and that the poset of $k$-indivisible noncrossing partitions
under refinement order has many beautiful enumerative and structural
properties. We encounter $k$-parking functions and some special Cambrian
lattices on the way, and show that a special class of lattice paths constitutes
a nonnesting analogue.
|
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] | 2010.01613 | We extend recent work of Brendan Owens by constructing a doubly infinite
family of Stein rational homology balls which can be smoothly but not
symplectically embedded in CP^2.
|
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] | gr-qc/9905071 | The notion of geometrical duality is discussed in the context of both
Brans-Dicke theory and general relativity. It is shown that, in some particular
solutions, the spacetime singularities that arise in usual Riemannian general
relativity may be avoided in its dual representation (Weyl-type general
relativity). This dual representation provides a singularity-free picture of
the World that is physicaly equivalent to the canonical general relativistic
one.
|
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] | 1105.1722 | Models with an extended Higgs sector, as the NMSSM, allow for scenarios where
the Standard Model-like CP-even Higgs boson H decays dominantly as H -> AA -> 4
tau where A is a light CP-odd Higgs boson. Tight constraints on this scenario
in the form of lower bounds on M_H have recently been published by the ALEPH
group. We show that, due to A - eta_b mixing, the branching ratio H -> AA -> 4
tau is strongly reduced for M_A in the range 9 - 10.5 GeV. This is the range of
M_A in which the tension between the observed eta_b(1S) mass and its prediction
based on QCD can be resolved due to mixing, and which is thus still consistent
with a light CP-even Higgs boson H satisfying LEP constraints with a mass well
below 114 GeV. This result is practically independent from the coupling of A to
b quarks.
|
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] | 1903.07451 | We consider a family of $(2,2)$-rational functions given on the set of
complex $p$-adic field $\mathcal{C}_p$. Each such function $f$ has the two
distinct fixed points $x_1=x_1(f)$, $x_2=x_2(f)$. We study $p$-adic dynamical
systems generated by the $(2,2)$-rational functions. We prove that $x_1$ is
always indifferent fixed point for $f$, i.e., $x_1$ is a center of some Siegel
disk $SI(x_1)$. Depending on the parameters of the function $f$, the type of
the fixed point $x_2$ may be any possibility: indifferent, attractor, repeller.
We find Siegel disk or basin of attraction of the fixed point $x_2$, when $x_2$
is indifferent or attractor, respectively. When $x_2$ is repeller we find an
open ball any point of which repelled from $x_2$. Moreover, we study relations
between the sets $SI(x_1)$ and $SI(x_2)$ when $x_2$ is indifferent. For each
$(2,2)$-rational function on $\mathcal{C}_p$ there are two points $\hat
x_1=\hat x_1(f)$, $\hat x_2=\hat x_2(f)\in \mathcal{C}_p$ which are zeros of
its denominator. We give explicit formulas of radiuses of spheres (with the
center at the fixed point $x_1$) containing some points such that the
trajectories (under actions of $f$) of the points after a finite step come to
$\hat x_1$ or $\hat x_2$. We study periodic orbits of the dynamical system and
find an invariant set, which contains all periodic orbits. Moreover, we study
ergodicity properties of the dynamical system on each invariant sphere. Under
some conditions we show that the system is ergodic iff $p=2$.
|
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] | hep-th/9508044 | We demonstrate that type II string theory compactified on a singular
Calabi-Yau manifold is related to $c=1$ string theory compactified at the
self-dual radius. We establish this result in two ways. First we show that
complex structure deformations of the conifold correspond, on the mirror
manifold, to the problem of maps from two dimensional surfaces to $S^2$. Using
two dimensional QCD we show that this problem is identical to $c=1$ string
theory. We then give an alternative derivation of this correspondence by
mapping the theory of complex structure deformations of the conifold to
Chern-Simons theory on $S^3$. These results, in conjunction with similar
results obtained for the compactification of the heterotic string on $K_3\times
T^2$, provide strong evidence in favour of S-duality between type II strings
compactified on a Calabi-Yau manifold and the heterotic string on $K_3\times
T^2$.
|
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] | astro-ph/0208011 | Bipolar outflows are present in many disk-accreting astrophysical systems. In
disk-accreting cataclysmic variables (CVs), these outflows are responsible for
most of the strong features in the ultraviolet spectra of these systems.
However, there have been few attempts to model these features quantitatively.
Here, we describe a new, hybrid Monte Carlo/Sobolev code, which allows us to
synthesize the complete spectrum of a disk-dominated, mass-losing CV.
The line profiles we calculate for C IV resemble those calculated by previous
workers when an identical geometry is assumed. However, our synthetic spectra
exhibit not only the well-known resonance lines of O VI, N V, Si IV and C IV,
but, with an appropriate choice of mass-loss rate and wind geometry, also many
lines originating from excited lower states. Many of these lines have already
been seen in the far ultraviolet spectra of CVs obtained with HUT, FUSE, and
HST. In order to illustrate the degree to which we are currently able to
reproduce observed spectra, we finally present a preliminary fit to the Hopkins
Ultraviolet Telescope spectrum of the dwarf nova Z Cam in outburst.
|
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] | 2110.00071 | Heterogeneity and irregularity of multi-source data sets present a
significant challenge to time-series analysis. In the literature, the fusion of
multi-source time-series has been achieved either by using ensemble learning
models which ignore temporal patterns and correlation within features or by
defining a fixed-size window to select specific parts of the data sets. On the
other hand, many studies have shown major improvement to handle the
irregularity of time-series, yet none of these studies has been applied to
multi-source data. In this work, we design a novel architecture, PIETS, to
model heterogeneous time-series. PIETS has the following characteristics: (1)
irregularity encoders for multi-source samples that can leverage all available
information and accelerate the convergence of the model; (2) parallelised
neural networks to enable flexibility and avoid information overwhelming; and
(3) attention mechanism that highlights different information and gives high
importance to the most related data. Through extensive experiments on
real-world data sets related to COVID-19, we show that the proposed
architecture is able to effectively model heterogeneous temporal data and
outperforms other state-of-the-art approaches in the prediction task.
|
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] | 1009.3230 | We translate the Atiyah's results on classification of vector bundles on
elliptic curves to the language of factors of automorphy.
|
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] | 2010.11040 | We consider the problem of reconstructing an unknown function $u\in
L^2(D,\mu)$ from its evaluations at given sampling points $x^1,\dots,x^m\in D$,
where $D\subset \mathbb R^d$ is a general domain and $\mu$ a probability
measure. The approximation is picked from a linear space $V_n$ of interest
where $n=\dim(V_n)$. Recent results have revealed that certain weighted
least-squares methods achieve near best approximation with a sampling budget
$m$ that is proportional to $n$, up to a logarithmic factor
$\ln(2n/\varepsilon)$, where $\varepsilon>0$ is a probability of failure. The
sampling points should be picked at random according to a well-chosen
probability measure $\sigma$ whose density is given by the inverse Christoffel
function that depends both on $V_n$ and $\mu$. While this approach is greatly
facilitated when $D$ and $\mu$ have tensor product structure, it becomes
problematic for domains $D$ with arbitrary geometry since the optimal measure
depends on an orthonormal basis of $V_n$ in $L^2(D,\mu)$ which is not
explicitly given, even for simple polynomial spaces. Therefore sampling
according to this measure is not practically feasible. In this paper, we
discuss practical sampling strategies, which amount to using a perturbed
measure $\widetilde \sigma$ that can be computed in an offline stage, not
involving the measurement of $u$. We show that near best approximation is
attained by the resulting weighted least-squares method at near-optimal
sampling budget and we discuss multilevel approaches that preserve optimality
of the cumulated sampling budget when the spaces $V_n$ are iteratively
enriched. These strategies rely on the knowledge of a-priori upper bounds on
the inverse Christoffel function. We establish such bounds for spaces $V_n$ of
multivariate algebraic polynomials, and for general domains $D$.
|
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] | 2002.10199 | Classifier calibration does not always go hand in hand with the classifier's
ability to separate the classes. There are applications where good classifier
calibration, i.e. the ability to produce accurate probability estimates, is
more important than class separation. When the amount of data for training is
limited, the traditional approach to improve calibration starts to crumble. In
this article we show how generating more data for calibration is able to
improve calibration algorithm performance in many cases where a classifier is
not naturally producing well-calibrated outputs and the traditional approach
fails. The proposed approach adds computational cost but considering that the
main use case is with small data sets this extra computational cost stays
insignificant and is comparable to other methods in prediction time. From the
tested classifiers the largest improvement was detected with the random forest
and naive Bayes classifiers. Therefore, the proposed approach can be
recommended at least for those classifiers when the amount of data available
for training is limited and good calibration is essential.
|
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] | dg-ga/9407004 | Given two compact hyperk\"ahler surfaces $X$ and $Y$ and a holomorphic vector
bundle $Q$ on $X\times Y$, which is a generalized instanton, one can define a
Fourier-Mukai transform, which, under suitable assumptions, maps vector bundles
on $X$ to vector bundles on $Y$. If $X$ and $Y$ are dual complex tori, this
transform maps instantons on $X$ to instantons on $Y$. After a quick review of
these results, we define a Fourier-Mukai transform in the case when $X$ is a K3
surface, and study the behaviour of instantons on $X$ under this transform.
Hard copies may be mailed on request
|
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] | 0803.3689 | It is well known that the cohomology of a tensor product is essentially the
tensor product of the cohomologies. We look at twisted tensor products, and
investigate to which extend this is still true. We give an explicit description
of the $\Ext$-algebra of the tensor product of two modules, and under certain
additional conditions, describe an essential part of the Hochschild cohomology
ring of a twisted tensor product. As an application, we characterize precisely
when the cohomology groups over a quantum complete intersection are finitely
generated over the Hochschild cohomology ring. Moreover, both for quantum
complete intersections and in related cases we obtain a lower bound for the
representation dimension of the algebra.
|
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] | 1609.08915 | The evolution of titanyl-phthalocyanine (TiOPc) thin films on Ag(111) has
been investigated using IRAS, SPA-LEED and STM. In the (sub)monolayer regime
various phases are observed that can be assigned to a 2D gas, a commensurate
and a point-on-line phase. In all three phases the non-planar TiOPc molecule is
adsorbed on Ag(111) in an oxygen-up configuration with the molecular
pi-conjugated backbone oriented parallel to the surface. The commensurate phase
reveals a high packing density, containing two molecules at inequivalent
adsorption sites within the unit cell. Both molecules assume different
azimuthal orientations which is ascribed to preferred sites and azimuthal
orientations with respect to the Ag(111) substrate and, to a lesser extent, to
a minimization of repulsive Pauli interactions between adjacent molecules at
short distances. At full saturation of the monolayer the latter interaction
becomes dominant and the commensurate long range order is lost. DFT
calculations have been used to study different adsorption geometries of TiOPc
on Ag(111). The most stable configurations among those with pointing up oxygen
atoms (bridge+, bridgex, topx) seem to correspond to those identified
experimentally. The calculated dependence of the electronic structure and
molecular dipole on the adsorption site and configuration is found to be rather
small.
|
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] | 1611.05304 | Recent literature on the Aharonov-Bohm effect has raised fundamental
questions on the classical correspondence of this effect and the physical
reality of the electromagnetic potentials in quantum mechanics. Reappraisal on
Feynman's approach to the classical limit of AB effect is presented. The
critique throws light on the significance of quantum interference and quantum
phase shifts in any such classical correspondence. Detailed analysis shows that
Feynman arguments are untenable on physical grounds and the claim made in the
original AB paper that this effect had no classical analog seems valid. The
importance of nonintegrable phase factor distinct from the AB phase factor,
here termed as Fock-London-Weyl phase factor for the historical reasons, is
underlined in connection with the classical aspects/limits. A topological
approach incorporating the physical significance of the interaction field
momentum is proposed. A new idea emerges from this approach that attributes the
origin of the AB effect to the exchange of modular angular momentum.
|
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] | 1409.5627 | We study the complexity of approximately evaluating the Ising and Tutte
partition functions with complex parameters. Our results are partly motivated
by the study of the quantum complexity classes BQP and IQP. Recent results show
how to encode quantum computations as evaluations of classical partition
functions. These results rely on interesting and deep results about quantum
computation in order to obtain hardness results about the difficulty of
(classically) evaluating the partition functions for certain fixed parameters.
The motivation for this paper is to study more comprehensively the complexity
of (classically) approximating the Ising and Tutte partition functions with
complex parameters. Partition functions are combinatorial in nature and
quantifying their approximation complexity does not require a detailed
understanding of quantum computation. Using combinatorial arguments, we give
the first full classification of the complexity of multiplicatively
approximating the norm and additively approximating the argument of the Ising
partition function for complex edge interactions (as well as of approximating
the partition function according to a natural complex metric). We also study
the norm approximation problem in the presence of external fields, for which we
give a complete dichotomy when the parameters are roots of unity. Previous
results were known just for a few such points, and we strengthen these results
from BQP-hardness to #P-hardness. Moreover, we show that computing the sign of
the Tutte polynomial is #P-hard at certain points related to the simulation of
BQP. Using our classifications, we then revisit the connections to quantum
computation, drawing conclusions that are a little different from (and
incomparable to) ones in the quantum literature, but along similar lines.
|
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] | 1011.3477 | We discuss time-dependent gravitational fields that "accelerate" free test
particles to the speed of light resulting in cosmic double-jet configurations.
It turns out that complete gravitational collapse along a spatial axis together
with corresponding expansion along the other two axes leads to the accelerated
motion of free test particles up and down parallel to the collapse axis such
that a double-jet pattern is asymptotically formed with respect to the
collapsed configuration.
|
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] | 1711.07612 | The immersed boundary method is a mathematical formulation and numerical
method for solving fluid-structure interaction problems. For many biological
problems, such as models that include the cell membrane, the immersed structure
is a two-dimensional infinitely thin elastic shell immersed in an
incompressible viscous fluid. When the shell is modeled as a hyperelastic
material, forces can be computed by taking the variational derivative of an
energy density functional. A new method for computing a continuous force
function on the entire surface of the shell is presented here. The new method
is compared to a previous formulation where the surface and energy functional
are discretized before forces are computed. For the case of Stokes flow, a
method for computing quadrature weights is provided to ensure the integral of
the elastic spread force density remains zero throughout a dynamic simulation.
Tests on the method are conducted and show that it yields more accurate force
computations than previous formulations as well as more accurate geometric
information such as mean curvature. The method is then applied to a model of a
red blood cell in capillary flow and a 3D model of cellular blebbing.
|
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] | 2109.06086 | We prove that the Kakutani equivalence relation of ergodic invertible
measure-preserving transformations is not a Borel set. This shows in a precise
way that classification up to Kakutani equivalence is impossible. We also
obtain this anti-classification result for ergodic area-preserving smooth
diffeomorphisms on compact surfaces admitting a non-trivial circle action as
well as real-analytic diffeomorphisms on the 2-torus.
|
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] | 1402.1320 | In the framework of the unification scheme of radio-loud active galactic
nuclei, BL Lac objects and quasars are the beamed end-on counterparts of
low-power (FRI) and high-power (FRII) radio galaxies, respectively. Some BL
Lacs have been found to possess the FRII-type large-scale radio morphology,
suggesting that the parent population of BL Lacs is a mixture of low- and
high-power radio galaxies. This seems to apply only to `low frequency-peaked'
BL Lacs, since all the `high frequency-peaked' BL Lacs studied so far were
shown to host exclusively the FRI-type radio jets. While analyzing the NVSS
survey maps of the TeV detected BL Lacs, we have however discovered that the
high frequency-peaked object SHBL J001355.9-185406 is associated uniquely with
the one-sided, arcmin-scale, and edge-brightened jet/lobe-like feature
extending to the south-west from the blazar core. In order to investigate in
detail the large-scale morphology of SHBL J001355.9-185406, we have performed
low-frequency and high-resolution observations of the source at 156, 259 and
629 MHz using the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope. Our analysis indicates that
no diffuse arcmin-scale emission is present around the unresolved blazar core,
and that the arcmin-scale structure seen on the NVSS map breaks into three
distinct features unrelated to the blazar, but instead associated with
background AGN. The upper limits for the extended radio halo around the
TeV-emitting BL Lac object SHBL J001355.9-185406 read as < 10% - 1% at
$156-629$ MHz. The fact that the integrated radio spectrum of the unresolved
blazar core is flat down to 156 MHz indicates that a self-similar character of
the jet in the source holds up to relatively large distances from the jet base.
|
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] | 2110.05990 | A novel OFDM-based waveform with low peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) and
high robustness against phase noise (PN) is presented. It follows the discrete
Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
(DFT-s-OFDM) signal model. 3MSK, is inspired by continuous-phase frequency
shift keying (FSK), but it uses three frequencies in the baseband model --
specifically, 0 and $\pm f_{symbol}/4$, where $f_{symbol}$ is the symbol rate
-- which effectively constrains the phase transitions between consecutive
symbols to 0 and $\pm \pi/2$ rad. Motivated by the phase controlled model of
modulation, different degrees of phase continuity can be achieved, while
supporting receiver processing with low complexity. The signal characteristics
are improved by generating an initial time-domain nearly constant envelope
signal at higher than the symbol rate. This helps to reach smooth phase
transitions between 3MSK symbols. Also the possibility of using excess
bandwidth is investigated by transmitting additional non-zero subcarriers
outside active subcarriers of the basic DFT-s-OFDM model, which provides the
capability to greatly reduce the PAPR. Due to the fact that the information is
encoded in the phase transitions, a receiver model that tracks the phase
variations without needing reference signals is developed. To this end, it is
shown that this new modulation is well-suited for non-coherent receivers, even
under strong phase noise (PN) conditions, thus allowing to reduce the overhead
of reference signals. Evaluations of this physical-layer modulation and
waveform scheme are performed in terms of transmitter metrics such as PAPR, OOB
emissions and achievable output power after the power amplifier (PA). Finally,
coded radio link evaluations are also shown and provided, demonstrating that
3MSK has a similar BER performance as that of traditional QPSK.
|
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] | 1911.04822 | In this paper, we focus on learning low-dimensional embeddings for nodes in
graph-structured data. To achieve this, we propose Caps2NE -- a new
unsupervised embedding model leveraging a network of two capsule layers.
Caps2NE induces a routing process to aggregate feature vectors of context
neighbors of a given target node at the first capsule layer, then feed these
features into the second capsule layer to infer a plausible embedding for the
target node. Experimental results show that our proposed Caps2NE obtains
state-of-the-art performances on benchmark datasets for the node classification
task. Our code is available at: \url{https://github.com/daiquocnguyen/Caps2NE}.
|
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] | astro-ph/0211101 | We have observed the radio-quiet X-ray pulsar 1E 1207.4-5209 with the high
throughput EPIC cameras onboard XMM-Newton. The spectrum of this peculiar
source is characterized by two broad absorption features which present
significant substructures and show a clear phase-dependence. We believe that
these features represent a strong evidence for the presence of a magnetized
atmosphere containing heavy elements.
|
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] | 2004.14770 | We point out the peculiar form of the gravitational wave signal expected from
a gas of particles carry spin 3/2 produced during preheating. Given the very
few ways that gravitinos can manifest themselves in an experimentally
observable way, we stress the importance of improving the sensitivity of
ultra-high frequency detectors in the future. This review is based on work that
appeared in [arXiv:1811.11774 [hep-ph]].
|
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] | 1703.09680 | We establish a lower bound on the spectral gap of the Laplace operator on
special linear groups using conic optimisation. In particular, this provides a
constructive (but computer assisted) proof that these groups have Kazhdan
property (T). A software for such optimisation for other finitely presented
groups is provided.
|
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] | 2205.15673 | This paper studies the problem of intervention design for steering the
actions of noncooperative players in quadratic network games to the social
optimum. The players choose their actions with the aim of maximizing their
individual payoff functions, while a central regulator uses interventions to
modify their marginal returns and maximize the social welfare function. This
work builds on the key observation that the solution to the steering problem
depends on the knowledge of the regulator on the players' parameters and the
underlying network. We, therefore, consider different scenarios based on
limited knowledge and propose suitable static, dynamic and adaptive
intervention protocols. We formally prove convergence to the social optimum
under the proposed mechanisms. We demonstrate our theoretical findings on a
case study of Cournot competition with differentiated goods.
|
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] | 2209.13062 | Generalized master equations provide a theoretically rigorous framework to
capture the dynamics of processes ranging from energy harvesting in plants and
photovoltaic devices, to qubit decoherence in quantum technologies, and even
protein folding. At their center is the concept of memory. The explicit
time-nonlocal description of memory is both protracted and elaborate. When
physical intuition is at a premium one would desire a more compact, yet
complete, description. Here, we demonstrate how and when the
time-convolutionless formalism constitutes such a description. In particular,
by focusing on the dissipative dynamics of the spin-boson and Frenkel exciton
models, we show how to: easily construct the time-local generator from
reference reduced dynamics, elucidate the dependence of its existence on the
system parameters and the choice of reduced observables, identify the physical
origin of its apparent divergences, and offer analysis tools to diagnose their
severity and circumvent their deleterious effects. We demonstrate that, when
applicable, the time-local approach requires as little information as the more
commonly used time-nonlocal scheme, with the important advantages of providing
a more compact description, greater algorithmic simplicity, and physical
interpretability. We conclude by introducing the discrete-time analogue and a
straightforward protocol to employ it in cases where the reference dynamics
have limited resolution. The insights we present here offer the potential for
extending the reach of dynamical methods, reducing both their cost and
conceptual complexity.
|
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] | nucl-th/9609026 | Measured magnetic moments of single-particle states in the Pb region differ
significantly from their Schmidt values. We discuss the reasons for this in
terms of meson-exchange currents, isobar currents, core polarisation and other
effects.
|
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] | 1611.05083 | Automated fault localization is an important issue in model validation and
verification. It helps the end users in analyzing the origin of failure. In
this work, we show the early experiments with probabilistic analysis approaches
in fault localization. Inspired by the Kullback-Leibler Divergence from
Bayesian probabilistic theory, we propose a suspiciousness factor to compute
the fault contribution for the transitions in the reachability graph of model
checking, using which to rank the potential faulty transitions. To
automatically locate design faults in the simulation model of detailed design,
we propose to use the statistical model Hidden Markov Model (HMM), which
provides statistically identical information to component's real behavior. The
core of this method is a fault localization algorithm that gives out the set of
suspicious ranked faulty components and a backward algorithm that computes the
matching degree between the HMM and the simulation model to evaluate the
confidence degree of the localization conclusion.
|
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] | 1903.10780 | Decades of studies have suggested several criteria to detect Interplanetary
coronal mass ejections (ICME) in time series from in-situ spacecraft
measurements. Among them the most common are an enhanced and smoothly rotating
magnetic field, a low proton temperature and a low plasma beta. However, these
features are not all observed for each ICME due to their strong variability.
Visual detection is time-consuming and biased by the observer interpretation
leading to non exhaustive, subjective and thus hardly reproducible catalogs.
Using convolutional neural networks on sliding windows and peak detection, we
provide a fast, automatic and multi-scale detection of ICMEs. The method has
been tested on the in-situ data from WIND between 1997 and 2015 and on the 657
ICMEs that were recorded during this period. The method offers an unambiguous
visual proxy of ICMEs that gives an interpretation of the data similar to what
an expert observer would give. We found at a maximum 197 of the 232 ICMEs of
the 2010-2015 period (recall 84 +-4.5 % including 90% of the ICMEs present in
the lists of Nieves-Chinchilla et al. (2015) and Chi et al. (2016). The minimal
number of False Positives was 25 out of 158 predicted ICMEs (precision
84+-2.6%). Although less accurate, the method also works with one or several
missing input parameters. The method has the advantage of improving its
performance by just increasing the amount of input data. The generality of the
method paves the way for automatic detection of many different event signatures
in spacecraft in-situ measurements.
|
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] | 2008.00572 | One of the many limitations with the mixed-signal design is physically
testing circuit ideas. While it is easier to test digital circuits with FPGAs,
this can not be done usually with mixed-signal circuits. Although some FPGAs
have built-in analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converters, regular
commercial FPGAs development boards and low-cost FPGAs lack built-in data
converters. Here we introduce an all-digital FPGA-based DAC, which is one of
the main blocks to enable mixed-signal experiments. The DAC can be synthesized
entirely in an FPGA and does not require the use of external components.
Furthermore, and to extend its range of applications, a discussion regarding
the proposed DAC's problems and possible solutions is presented. Experimental
demonstration of a 4-bit and a 5-bit DAC corroborate the theoretical analysis
developed in this work. This work also suggests a scheme which includes few
external resistors to improve the linearity (DNL$\leq$0.25LSB and an
INL$\leq$0.5LSB), and the power consumption (5X improvement over the standalone
configuration).
|
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] | 2208.09536 | This report covers our reproduction effort of the paper 'Differentiable
Spatial Planning using Transformers' by Chaplot et al. . In this paper, the
problem of spatial path planning in a differentiable way is considered. They
show that their proposed method of using Spatial Planning Transformers
outperforms prior data-driven models and leverages differentiable structures to
learn mapping without a ground truth map simultaneously. We verify these claims
by reproducing their experiments and testing their method on new data. We also
investigate the stability of planning accuracy with maps with increased
obstacle complexity. Efforts to investigate and verify the learnings of the
Mapper module were met with failure stemming from a paucity of computational
resources and unreachable authors.
|
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] | 2009.13463 | MN112 is the Galactic luminous blue variable (LBV) candidate with
circumstellar nebula. P Cygni is the first discovered LBV, which was recorded
during major eruptions in the 17th century. The stars have similar spectra with
strong emission hydrogen lines, He I, N II, Si II, and Fe III lines. We present
results of the spectroscopic analysis and modeling of MN112 spectra. We
obtained main stellar parameters and chemical abundances of MN112 and compared
them with those of P Cygni. Atmosphere models were calculated using non-LTE
radiative transfer code CMFGEN. We have used spectra of MN112 obtained with the
3.5-m telescope at the Observatory of Calar Alto and 3.5-m ARC telescope at the
Apache Point Observatory. P Cygni spectra were taken with the 6-m BTA
telescope. We have found the best-fit of the observed spectrum with the model
at temperature $T_{\text{eff}}= 15\,200$K, clumping-corrected mass-loss rate
$\dot{M}f^{-0.5}=5.74 \times 10^{-5}\, M_{\odot}\text{yr}^{-1}$, filling-factor
$f=0.1$, luminosity $L=5.77 \times 10^5\, L_{\odot}$ for MN112. The ratio of
helium to hydrogen He/H is 0.37 (by the number of atoms) with nitrogen
overabundance ($X_\text{N}/ X_{\odot} = 6.8$) and the underabundance of carbon
($X_\text{C}/ X_{\odot} < 0.1$).
|
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] | 0909.4767 | These lecture notes where presented as a course of the CIMPA summer school in
Manila, July 20-30, 2009, Semidefinite programming in algebraic combinatorics.
This version is an update June 2010.
|
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] | 1812.06103 | We present a catalogue of Giant Molecular Clouds (GMCs) in M33, extracted
from cold dust continuum emission. Our GMCs are identified by computing
dendrograms. We measure the spatial distribution of these clouds, and
characterise their dust properties. Combining these measured properties with
CO(J=2-1) and 21cm HI data, we calculate the gas-to-dust ratio (GDR) of these
clouds, and from this compute a total cloud mass. In total, we find 165 GMCs
with cloud masses in the range of 10$^4$-10$^7$ M$_\odot$. We find that
radially, $\log_{10}(\mathrm{GDR}) = -0.043(\pm0.038) \,\mathrm{R [kpc]} +
1.88(\pm0.15)$, a much lower GDR than found in the Milky Way, and a
correspondingly higher $\alpha_{\rm CO}$ factor. The mass function of these
clouds follows a slope proportional to M$^{-2.84}$, steeper than many previous
studies of GMCs in local galaxies, implying that M33 is poorer at forming
massive clouds than other nearby spirals. Whilst we can rule out interstellar
pressure as the major contributing factor, we are unable to disentangle the
relative effects of metallicity and HI velocity dispersion. We find a
reasonably featureless number density profile with galactocentric radius, and
weak correlations between galactocentric radius and dust temperature/mass.
These clouds are reasonably consistent with Larson's scaling relationships, and
many of our sources are co-spatial with earlier CO studies. Massive clouds are
identified at large galactocentric radius, unlike in these earlier studies,
perhaps indicating a population of CO-dark gas dominated clouds at these larger
distances.
|
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] | 1912.01191 | The statistical properties of the repeating fast radio burst FRB 121102 are
investigated. We find that the cumulative distributions of fluence, flux
density, total energy and waiting time can be well fitted by the bent power
law. In addition, the probability density functions of fluctuations of fluence,
flux density and total energy well follow the Tsallis $q$-Gaussian
distribution. The $q$ values keep steady around $q\sim 2$ for different scale
intervals, indicating a scale-invariant structure of the bursts. The
statistical properties of FRB 121102 are very similar to that of the soft gamma
repeater SGR J1550-5418. The underlying physical implications need to be
further investigated.
|