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{"Title": "Severe volcanic SO 2 exposure and respiratory morbidities in the Icelandic population \u2013 a register study", "Authors": "Carlsen Hanne Krage, Valdimarsd\u00f3ttir Unnur, Briem Haraldur, Dominici Francesca, Finnbjornsdottir Ragnhildur Gudrun, J\u00f3hannsson Thorsteinn, Aspelund Thor, Gislason Thorarinn, Gudnason Thorolfur", "Abstract": "Abstract Background The Holuhraun volcanic eruption September 2014 to February 2015 emitted large amounts of sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ). Objectives The aim of this study was to determine the association between volcanic SO 2 gases on general population respiratory health in the Icelandic capital area some 250 km from the eruption site. Methods Respiratory health outcomes were: asthma medication dispensing (AMD) from the Icelandic Medicines Register, medical doctor consultations in primary care (PCMD) and hospital emergency department visits (HED) in Reykjav\u00edk (population: 215 000) for respiratory disease from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2014. The associations between daily counts of health events,and daily mean SO2 concentration and high SO2 levels (24-hour mean SO2>125\u00b5g/m3) were analyzed using generalized additive models. Results After the eruption began, AMD was higher than before (129.4 vs . 158.4 individuals per day, p <0.05). Increases in SO 2 concentration were associated with an estimated increase in AMD by 1.05% (95% CI 0.48 - 1.62%) per 10 \u00b5g/m 3 at lag 0-2, 1.51% (95% CI 0.63 \u2013 2.40%) increase in individuals under 18 years of age. PCMD for respiratory causes increased by 1.52% (95% CI 1.04 -2.00%) per 10 \u00b5g/m 3 SO 2 at lag 0-2. For HED, only effect estimated for individuals aged 64 years and older were significantly increased, by 1.541% (95% CI 0.02-3.07%) per 10 \u00b5g/m 3 SO 2 at lag 0-2. Following days with SO 2 levels above 125 \u00b5g/m 3 , AMD and PCMD were increased in all age groups, in AMD mostly so in individuals under 18 by 20.4%(95%CI 4.8 \u2013 23.4%), and adult PCMD visits by 24.1%(95%CI 16.8 \u2013 31.3%). HED was significantly increased in elderly by 26.3% (95%CI 5.56-47.0). Discussion High levels of volcanic SO 2 are associated with increases in dispensing of AMD, and health care utilization in primary and tertiary care. Individuals with prevalent respiratory disease may be particularly susceptible. Funding The study was funded by the Icelandic Ministry of Health.", "URL": "https://doi.org/10.1101/19013474"}
10.1101/19010264
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{"Title": "The Pan-Cancer Landscape of Prognostic Germline Variants in 10,582 Patients", "Authors": "Chatrath Ajay, Przanowska Roza, Kiran Shashi, Su Zhangli, Saha Shekhar, Wilson Briana, Tsunematsu Takaaki, Ahn Ji-Hye, Lee Kyung Yong, Paulsen Teressa, Sobierajska Ewelina, Kiran Manjari, Tang Xiwei, Li Tianxi, Kumar Pankaj, Ratan Aakrosh, Dutta Anindya", "Abstract": "Abstract While clinical data provides physicians with information about patient prognosis, genomic data can further improve these predictions. We analyzed sequencing data from over 10,000 cancer patients and identified hundreds of prognostic germline variants using multivariate Cox regression models. These variants provide information about patient outcomes beyond clinical information currently in use and may augment clinical decisions based on expected tumor aggressiveness. Molecularly, at least twelve of the germline variants are likely associated with patient outcome through perturbation of protein structure and at least five through association with gene expression differences. About half of these germline variants are in previously reported tumor suppressors or oncogenes, with the other half pointing to loci of previously unstudied genes in the literature that should be further investigated for roles in cancers. Our results suggest that germline variation contributes to tumor progression across most cancers and contains patient outcome information not captured by clinical factors.", "URL": "https://doi.org/10.1101/19010264"}
10.1101/19001032
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{"Title": "Identifying Ashkenazi Jewish BRCA1/2 founder variants in individuals who do not self-report Jewish ancestry", "Authors": "Tennen Ruth I., Laskey Sarah B., Koelsch Bertram L., McIntyre Matthew H., Tung Joyce Y.", "Abstract": "ABSTRACT Current guidelines recommend BRCA1 and BRCA2 genetic testing for individuals with a personal or family history of certain cancers. Three BRCA1/2 founder variants \u2014 185delAG (c.68_69delAG), 5382insC (c.5266dupC), and 6174delT (c.5946delT) \u2014 are common in the Ashkenazi Jewish population. We characterized a cohort of more than 2,800 research participants in the 23andMe database who carry one or more of the three Ashkenazi Jewish founder variants, evaluating two characteristics that are typically used to recommend individuals for BRCA testing: self-reported Jewish ancestry and family history of breast, ovarian, prostate, or pancreatic cancer. Of the 1,967 carriers who provided self-reported ancestry information, 21% did not self-report any Jewish ancestry; of these individuals, more than half (62%) do have detectable Ashkenazi Jewish genetic ancestry. In addition, of the 343 carriers who provided both ancestry and family history information, 44% did not have a first-degree family history of a BRCA -related cancer and, in the absence of a personal history of cancer, would therefore be unlikely to qualify for clinical genetic testing. These findings provide support for the growing call for broader access to BRCA genetic testing.", "URL": "https://doi.org/10.1101/19001032"}
10.1101/19004234
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{"Title": "Time to death and its Predictors among Adult TB/HIV Co-Infected Patients in Mizan Tepi University Teaching Hospital, South West Ethiopia", "Authors": "Wondimu Wondimagegn, Dube Lamessa, Kabeta Teshome", "Abstract": "Abstract Background Tuberculosis (TB) and Human Immuno Deficiency Virus (HIV) co-infection represents a complex pathogenic scenario with synergistic effect and leads to about 300,000 HIV-associated TB deaths in the world in 2017. Despite this burden of death, time to death and its predictors among TB-HIV co-infected patient was not adequately studied; and the existing evidences are inconsistent. Therefore, this study was aimed to determine time to death and identify its predictors among adult TB/HIV co-infected patients. Method Retrospective cohort study was conducted by reviewing registers of randomly selected 364 TB/HIV co-infected patients enrolled in health care from July 2, 2007 up to July 1, 2017 at Mizan Tepi University Teaching Hospital. The hospital was located in Bench Maji Zone, South West Ethiopia. Data were collected from March 1 through 31, 2018, entered to Epi data 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 21. Each patient was followed from date of TB treatment initiation till death, loss to follow up and treatment completed. On the other hand, events other than death were considered as censored. After checking the proportional hazard model assumption, Cox-regression was used to identify the predictors. In bivariable analyses, P-value\u22640.25 was used to identify candidate variables for multivariable analysis. The 95% CI of hazard ratio (HR) with respective P-value <0.05 was used to declare significance in the final model. Result All the 364 patients were followed for 1,654 person months. There were 83 (22.8%) deaths and most 38 (45.8%) were occurring within the first two months of anti-TB treatment initiation. The overall incidence rate and median survival time were 5.02 per 100 person months (95% CI: 4.05, 6.22) and 10 months respectively. Statistically significant better survival was observed among patients: with CD4 \u2265 200 cells/mm 3 (P<0.001), who had a history of cotrimoxazole preventive therapy (CPT) use (P<0.001), who disclose their HIV status (P<0.001) and with working functional status (P<0.001). Not using CPT (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR] =1.72; P=0.023), bedridden functional status (AHR=2.55; P=0.007), not disclosing HIV status (AHR=4.03; P<0.001) and CD4 < 200 cells/mm 3 (AHR=6.05; P<0.001) were predictors of time to death among TB/HIV co-infected patients. Conclusion The median survival time was 10 months and poor survival was associated with low CD4 count, not using CPT, not disclosing HIV status and having bedridden functional status. Close monitoring of bedridden and low CD4 count patients, prompt CPT initiation and encouraging HIV status disclosure are recommended.", "URL": "https://doi.org/10.1101/19004234"}
10.1101/2019.12.08.19013979
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{"Title": "Planning sEEG implantation using automated lesion detection: retrospective feasibility study", "Authors": "Wagstyl Konrad, Adler Sophie, Pimpel Birgit, Chari Aswin, Seunarine Kiran, Lorio Sara, Thornton Rachel, Baldeweg Torsten, Tisdall Martin", "Abstract": "Abstract Objective A retrospective, cross-sectional study to evaluate the feasibility and potential benefits of incorporating deep-learning on structural MRI into planning stereoelectroencephalography (sEEG) implantation in paediatric patients with diagnostically complex drug-resistant epilepsy. This study aims to assess the degree of co-localisation between automated lesion detection and the seizure onset zone (SOZ) as assessed by sEEG. Methods A neural network classifier was applied to cortical features from MRI data from three cohorts. 1) The network was trained and cross-validated using 34 patients with visible focal cortical dysplasias (FCDs). 2) Specificity was assessed in 20 paediatric healthy controls. 3) Feasibility for incorporation into sEEG implantation plans was evaluated in 38 sEEG patients. Coordinates of sEEG contacts were coregistered with classifier-predicted lesions. sEEG contacts in seizure onset and irritative tissue were identified by clinical neurophysiologists. A distance of <10mm between SOZ contacts and classifier-predicted lesions was considered co-localisation. Results In patients with radiologically-defined lesions, classifier sensitivity was 74% (25/34 lesions detected). No clusters were detected in the controls (specificity 100%). Of 34 sEEG patients, 21 patients had a focal cortical SOZ. Of these there was co-localisation between classifier output and SOZ contacts in 62%. The algorithm detected 7/8 histopathologically-confirmed FCDs (86%). Conclusions There was a high degree of co-localisation between automated lesion detection and sEEG. We have created a framework for incorporation of deep-learning based MRI lesion detection into sEEG implantation planning. Our findings demonstrate that automated MRI analysis could be used to plan optimal electrode trajectories.", "URL": "https://doi.org/10.1101/2019.12.08.19013979"}
10.1101/19005140
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{"Title": "Opioid Overdose in Ohio: Comprehensive Analysis of Associated Socioeconomic Factors", "Authors": "Park Chihyun, Crawford Sara, Lopez Rocio, Seballos Anna, Clemenceau Jean R., Coy Tyler, Atluri Gowtham, Hwang Tae Hyun", "Abstract": "ABSTRACT Objective Our study focused on identifying socioeconomic factors associated with death by opioid overdose in Ohio communities at the census tract level. Materials and Methods A large-scale vital statistic dataset from Ohio Department of Health (ODH) and U.S. Census datasets were used to obtain opioid-related death rate and socioeconomic characteristics for all census tracts in Ohio. Regression analysis was performed to identify the relationships between socioeconomic factors of census tracts and the opioid-related death rate for both urban and rural tracts. Results In Ohio from 2010-2016, whites, males, and people aged 25-44 had the highest opioid-related death rates. At the census tract level, higher death rates were associated with certain socioeconomic characteristics (e.g. percentage of the census tract population living in urban areas, percentage divorced/separated, percentage of vacant housing units). Predominately rural areas had a different population composition than urban areas, and death rates in rural areas exhibited fewer associations with socioeconomic characteristics. Discussion Predictive models of opioid-related death rates based on census tract-level characteristics held for urban areas more than rural ones, reflecting the recently observed rural-to-urban geographic shift in opioid-related deaths. Future research is needed to examine the geographic distribution of opioid abuse throughout Ohio and in other states. Conclusion Regression analysis identified associations between population characteristics and opioid-related death rates of Ohio census tracts. These analyses can help government officials and law official workers prevent, predict and combat opioid abuse at the community level.", "URL": "https://doi.org/10.1101/19005140"}
10.1101/19007922
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{"Title": "Using compartmental models to simulate directed acyclic graphs to explore competing causal mechanisms underlying epidemiological study data", "Authors": "Havumaki Joshua, Eisenberg Marisa C.", "Abstract": "1 Abstract Accurately estimating the effect of an exposure on an outcome requires understanding how variables relevant to a study question are causally related to each other. Directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) are used in epidemiology to understand causal processes and determine appropriate statistical approaches to obtain unbiased measures of effect. Compartmental models (CMs) are also used to represent different causal mechanisms, by depicting flows between disease states on the population level. In this paper, we extend a mapping between DAGs and CMs to show how DAG\u2013derived CMs can be used to compare competing causal mechanisms by simulating epidemiological studies and conducting statistical analyses on the simulated data. Through this framework, we can evaluate how robust simulated epidemiological study results are to different biases in study design and underlying causal mechanisms. As a case study, we simulated a longitudinal cohort study to examine the obesity paradox: the apparent protective effect of obesity on mortality among diabetic ever-smokers, but not among diabetic never-smokers. Our simulations illustrate how study design bias (e.g., reverse causation), can lead to the obesity paradox. Ultimately, we show the utility of transforming DAGs into in silico laboratories within which researchers can systematically evaluate bias, and inform analyses and study design.", "URL": "https://doi.org/10.1101/19007922"}
10.1101/19007419
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{"Title": "Patterns of Autism Symptoms: Hidden Structure in the ADOS and ADI-R instruments", "Authors": "Lefort-Besnard J\u00e9r\u00e9my, Vogeley Kai, Schilbach Leonhard, Varoquaux Ga\u00ebl, Thirion Bertrand, Dumas Guillaume, Bzdok Danilo", "Abstract": "ABSTRACT We simultaneously revisited the ADI-R and ADOS with a comprehensive data-analytics strategy. Here, the combination of pattern analysis algorithms and an extensive data resources (n=266 patients aged 7 to 49 years) allowed identifying coherent clinical constellations in and across ADI-R and ADOS assessments widespread in clinical practice. The collective results of the clustering and sparse regression approaches suggest that identifying autism subtypes and severity for a given individual may be most manifested in the social and communication domains of the ADI-R. Additionally, our quantitative investigation revealed that disease-specific patterns of ADI-R and ADOS scores can be uncovered when studying sex, age or level of FIQ in patients.", "URL": "https://doi.org/10.1101/19007419"}
10.1101/19005462
[-0.24828296899795532,0.3528888523578644,0.5555689930915833,0.5074566602706909,-0.5729597210884094,0(...TRUNCATED)
"{\"Title\": \"Increased Frequency of Acute Illness and Hospitalizations in Infants and Toddlers wit(...TRUNCATED)
10.1101/19002162
[-0.17098040878772736,0.452219158411026,-0.6686934232711792,0.762990415096283,-0.3413316309452057,-0(...TRUNCATED)
"{\"Title\": \"Post-discharge Acute Care and Outcomes in the Era of Readmission Reduction\", \"Autho(...TRUNCATED)
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