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In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The use of anorexigens was common in both groups .
### Output Text: | The use of anorexigens was common in both groups . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: However , of the medications surveyed , only the fenfluramines had a significant preferential association with PPH as compared with SPH ( adjusted odds ratio for use > 6 months , 7 . 5 ; 95 % confidence interval , 1 . 7 to 32 . 4 ) .
### Output Text: | However , of the medications surveyed , only the <span class="chemical">fenfluramines</span> had a significant preferential association with PPH as compared with SPH ( adjusted odds ratio for use > 6 months , 7 . 5 ; 95 % confidence interval , 1 . 7 to 32 . 4 ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The association was stronger with longer duration of use when compared to shorter duration of use and was more pronounced in recent users than in remote users .
### Output Text: | The association was stronger with longer duration of use when compared to shorter duration of use and was more pronounced in recent users than in remote users . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: An unexpectedly high ( 11 . 4 % ) number of patients with SPH had used anorexigens .
### Output Text: | An unexpectedly high ( 11 . 4 % ) number of patients with SPH had used anorexigens . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: CONCLUSION : The magnitude of the association with PPH , the increase of association with increasing duration of use , and the specificity for fenfluramines are consistent with previous studies indicating that fenfluramines are causally related to PPH .
### Output Text: | CONCLUSION : The magnitude of the association with PPH , the increase of association with increasing duration of use , and the specificity for <span class="chemical">fenfluramines</span> are consistent with previous studies indicating that <span class="chemical">fenfluramines</span> are causally related to PPH . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The high prevalence of anorexigen use in patients with SPH also raises the possibility that these drugs precipitate pulmonary hypertension in patients with underlying conditions associated with SPH .
### Output Text: | The high prevalence of anorexigen use in patients with SPH also raises the possibility that these drugs precipitate pulmonary hypertension in patients with underlying conditions associated with SPH . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Clinical aspects of heparin - induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis and other side effects of heparin therapy .
### Output Text: | Clinical aspects of <span class="chemical">heparin</span> - induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis and other side effects of <span class="chemical">heparin</span> therapy . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Heparin , first used to prevent the clotting of blood in vitro , has been clinically used to treat thrombosis for more than 50 years .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">Heparin</span> , first used to prevent the clotting of blood in vitro , has been clinically used to treat thrombosis for more than 50 years . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Although several new anticoagulant drugs are in development , heparin remains the anticoagulant of choice to treat acute thrombotic episodes .
### Output Text: | Although several new anticoagulant drugs are in development , <span class="chemical">heparin</span> remains the anticoagulant of choice to treat acute thrombotic episodes . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The clinical effects of heparin are meritorious , but side effects do exist .
### Output Text: | The clinical effects of <span class="chemical">heparin</span> are meritorious , but side effects do exist . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Bleeding is the primary untoward effect of heparin .
### Output Text: | Bleeding is the primary untoward effect of <span class="chemical">heparin</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Major bleeding is of primary concern in patients receiving heparin therapy .
### Output Text: | Major bleeding is of primary concern in patients receiving <span class="chemical">heparin</span> therapy . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: However , additional important untoward effects of heparin therapy include heparin - induced thrombocytopenia , heparin - associated osteoporosis , eosinophilia , skin reactions , allergic reactions other than thrombocytopenia , alopecia , transaminasemia , hyperkalemia , hypoaldosteronism , and priapism .
### Output Text: | However , additional important untoward effects of <span class="chemical">heparin</span> therapy include <span class="chemical">heparin</span> - induced thrombocytopenia , <span class="chemical">heparin</span> - associated osteoporosis , eosinophilia , skin reactions , allergic reactions other than thrombocytopenia , alopecia , transaminasemia , hyperkalemia , hypoaldosteronism , and priapism . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: These side effects are relatively rare in a given individual , but given the extremely widespread use of heparin , some are quite common , particularly HITT and osteoporosis .
### Output Text: | These side effects are relatively rare in a given individual , but given the extremely widespread use of <span class="chemical">heparin</span> , some are quite common , particularly HITT and osteoporosis . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Although reasonable incidences of many of these side effects can be " softly " deduced from current reports dealing with unfractionated heparin , at present the incidences of these side effects with newer low molecular weight heparins appear to be much less common .
### Output Text: | Although reasonable incidences of many of these side effects can be " softly " deduced from current reports dealing with unfractionated <span class="chemical">heparin</span> , at present the incidences of these side effects with newer low molecular weight <span class="chemical">heparins</span> appear to be much less common . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: However , only longer experience will more clearly define the incidence of each side effect with low molecular weight preparations .
### Output Text: | However , only longer experience will more clearly define the incidence of each side effect with low molecular weight preparations . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: A case of bilateral optic neuropathy in a patient on tacrolimus ( FK506 ) therapy after liver transplantation .
### Output Text: | A case of bilateral optic neuropathy in a patient on <span class="chemical">tacrolimus</span> ( <span class="chemical">FK506</span> ) therapy after liver transplantation . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: PURPOSE : To report a case of bilateral optic neuropathy in a patient receiving tacrolimus ( FK 506 , Prograf ; Fujisawa USA , Inc , Deerfield , Illinois ) for immunosuppression after orthotropic liver transplantation .
### Output Text: | PURPOSE : To report a case of bilateral optic neuropathy in a patient receiving <span class="chemical">tacrolimus</span> ( <span class="chemical">FK 506</span> , Prograf ; Fujisawa USA , Inc , Deerfield , Illinois ) for immunosuppression after orthotropic liver transplantation . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: METHOD : Case report .
### Output Text: | METHOD : Case report . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: In a 58 - year - old man receiving tacrolimus after orthotropic liver transplantation , serial neuro - ophthalmologic examinations and laboratory studies were performed .
### Output Text: | In a 58 - year - old man receiving <span class="chemical">tacrolimus</span> after orthotropic liver transplantation , serial neuro - ophthalmologic examinations and laboratory studies were performed . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: RESULTS : The patient had episodic deterioration of vision in both eyes , with clinical features resembling ischemic optic neuropathies .
### Output Text: | RESULTS : The patient had episodic deterioration of vision in both eyes , with clinical features resembling ischemic optic neuropathies . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Deterioration of vision occurred despite discontinuation of the tacrolimus .
### Output Text: | Deterioration of vision occurred despite discontinuation of the <span class="chemical">tacrolimus</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: CONCLUSION : Tacrolimus and other immunosuppressive agents may be associated with optic nerve toxicity .
### Output Text: | CONCLUSION : <span class="chemical">Tacrolimus</span> and other immunosuppressive agents may be associated with optic nerve toxicity . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Hypercalcemia , arrhythmia , and mood stabilizers .
### Output Text: | Hypercalcemia , arrhythmia , and mood stabilizers . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Recent findings in a bipolar patient receiving maintenance lithium therapy who developed hypercalcemia and severe bradyarrhythmia prompted the authors to conduct a retrospective study of bipolar patients with lithium - associated hypercalcemia .
### Output Text: | Recent findings in a bipolar patient receiving maintenance <span class="chemical">lithium</span> therapy who developed hypercalcemia and severe bradyarrhythmia prompted the authors to conduct a retrospective study of bipolar patients with <span class="chemical">lithium</span> - associated hypercalcemia . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: A printout of all cases of hypercalcemia that presented during a 1 - year period was generated .
### Output Text: | A printout of all cases of hypercalcemia that presented during a 1 - year period was generated . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: After eliminating spurious hypercalcemias or those associated with intravenous fluids , the authors identified 18 non - lithium - treated patients with hypercalcemias related to malignancies and other medical conditions ( group A ) and 12 patients with lithium - associated hypercalcemia ( group B ) .
### Output Text: | After eliminating spurious hypercalcemias or those associated with intravenous fluids , the authors identified 18 non - <span class="chemical">lithium</span> - treated patients with hypercalcemias related to malignancies and other medical conditions ( group A ) and 12 patients with <span class="chemical">lithium</span> - associated hypercalcemia ( group B ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Patients in group B were not comparable to those in group A , as the latter were medically compromised and were receiving multiple pharmacotherapies .
### Output Text: | Patients in group B were not comparable to those in group A , as the latter were medically compromised and were receiving multiple pharmacotherapies . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Thus , two control groups were generated : group C1 , which included age - and sex - comparable lithium - treated bipolar normocalcemic patients , and group C2 , which included bipolar normocalcemic patients treated with anticonvulsant mood stabilizers .
### Output Text: | Thus , two control groups were generated : group C1 , which included age - and sex - comparable <span class="chemical">lithium</span> - treated bipolar normocalcemic patients , and group C2 , which included bipolar normocalcemic patients treated with anticonvulsant mood stabilizers . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The electrocardiographic ( ECG ) findings for patients in group B were compared with those of patients in groups C1 and C2 .
### Output Text: | The electrocardiographic ( ECG ) findings for patients in group B were compared with those of patients in groups C1 and C2 . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: It was found that these groups did not differ in their overall frequency of ECG abnormalities ; however , there were significant differences in the frequency of conduction defects .
### Output Text: | It was found that these groups did not differ in their overall frequency of ECG abnormalities ; however , there were significant differences in the frequency of conduction defects . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Patients with hypercalcemia resulting from medical diseases and bipolar patients with lithium - associated hypercalcemia had significantly higher frequencies of conduction defects .
### Output Text: | Patients with hypercalcemia resulting from medical diseases and bipolar patients with <span class="chemical">lithium</span> - associated hypercalcemia had significantly higher frequencies of conduction defects . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Patients in group A had significant mortality at 2 - year follow - up ( 28 % ) , in contrast to zero mortality in the other three groups .
### Output Text: | Patients in group A had significant mortality at 2 - year follow - up ( 28 % ) , in contrast to zero mortality in the other three groups . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The clinical implications of these findings are discussed .
### Output Text: | The clinical implications of these findings are discussed . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Attenuation of nephrotoxicity by a novel lipid nanosphere ( NS - 718 ) incorporating amphotericin B .
### Output Text: | Attenuation of nephrotoxicity by a novel lipid nanosphere ( NS - 718 ) incorporating <span class="chemical">amphotericin B</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: NS - 718 , a lipid nanosphere incorporating amphotericin B , is effective against pathogenic fungi and has low toxicity .
### Output Text: | NS - 718 , a lipid nanosphere incorporating <span class="chemical">amphotericin B</span> , is effective against pathogenic fungi and has low toxicity . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: We compared the toxicity of NS - 718 with that of Fungizone ( amphotericin B - sodium deoxycholate ; D - AmB ) in vitro using renal cell cultures and in vivo by biochemical analysis , histopathological study of the kidney and pharmacokinetic study of amphotericin B following intravenous infusion of the formulation in rats .
### Output Text: | We compared the toxicity of NS - 718 with that of <span class="chemical">Fungizone</span> ( <span class="chemical">amphotericin B - sodium deoxycholate</span> ; <span class="chemical">D - AmB</span> ) in vitro using renal cell cultures and in vivo by biochemical analysis , histopathological study of the kidney and pharmacokinetic study of <span class="chemical">amphotericin B</span> following intravenous infusion of the formulation in rats . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Incubation with NS - 718 resulted in significantly less damage of cultured human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells compared with D - AmB .
### Output Text: | Incubation with NS - 718 resulted in significantly less damage of cultured human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells compared with <span class="chemical">D - AmB</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Serum blood urea and creatinine concentrations increased significantly in rats given an iv infusion of D - AmB 3 mg / kg but not in those given the same dose of NS - 718 .
### Output Text: | Serum blood <span class="chemical">urea</span> and <span class="chemical">creatinine</span> concentrations increased significantly in rats given an iv infusion of <span class="chemical">D - AmB</span> 3 mg / kg but not in those given the same dose of NS - 718 . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Histopathological examination of the kidney showed tubular necrosis in D - AmB - treated rats but no change in NS - 718 - treated rats .
### Output Text: | Histopathological examination of the kidney showed tubular necrosis in <span class="chemical">D - AmB</span> - treated rats but no change in NS - 718 - treated rats . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Amphotericin B concentrations in the kidney in NS - 718 - treated rats were higher than those in D - AmB - treated rats .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">Amphotericin B</span> concentrations in the kidney in NS - 718 - treated rats were higher than those in <span class="chemical">D - AmB</span> - treated rats . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Our in vitro and in vivo results suggest that incorporation of amphotericin B into lipid nanospheres of NS - 718 attenuates the nephrotoxicity of amphotericin B .
### Output Text: | Our in vitro and in vivo results suggest that incorporation of <span class="chemical">amphotericin B</span> into lipid nanospheres of NS - 718 attenuates the nephrotoxicity of <span class="chemical">amphotericin B</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Patterns of sulfadiazine acute nephrotoxicity .
### Output Text: | Patterns of <span class="chemical">sulfadiazine</span> acute nephrotoxicity . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Sulfadiazine acute nephrotoxicity is reviving specially because of its use in toxoplasmosis in HIV - positive patients .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">Sulfadiazine</span> acute nephrotoxicity is reviving specially because of its use in toxoplasmosis in HIV - positive patients . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: We report 4 cases , one of them in a previously healthy person .
### Output Text: | We report 4 cases , one of them in a previously healthy person . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Under treatment with sulfadiazine they developed oliguria , abdominal pain , renal failure and showed multiple radiolucent renal calculi in echography .
### Output Text: | Under treatment with <span class="chemical">sulfadiazine</span> they developed oliguria , abdominal pain , renal failure and showed multiple radiolucent renal calculi in echography . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: All patients recovered their previous normal renal function after adequate hydration and alcalinization .
### Output Text: | All patients recovered their previous normal renal function after adequate hydration and alcalinization . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: A nephrostomy tube had to be placed in one of the patients for ureteral lithiasis in a single functional kidney .
### Output Text: | A nephrostomy tube had to be placed in one of the patients for ureteral lithiasis in a single functional kidney . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: None of them needed dialysis or a renal biopsy because of a typical benign course .
### Output Text: | None of them needed dialysis or a renal biopsy because of a typical benign course . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Treatment with sulfadiazine requires exquisite control of renal function , an increase in water ingestion and possibly the alcalinization of the urine .
### Output Text: | Treatment with <span class="chemical">sulfadiazine</span> requires exquisite control of renal function , an increase in water ingestion and possibly the alcalinization of the urine . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: We communicate a case in a previously healthy person , a fact not found in the recent literature .
### Output Text: | We communicate a case in a previously healthy person , a fact not found in the recent literature . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Probably many more cases are not detected .
### Output Text: | Probably many more cases are not detected . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: We think that a prospective study would be useful .
### Output Text: | We think that a prospective study would be useful . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Downbeat nystagmus associated with intravenous patient - controlled administration of morphine .
### Output Text: | Downbeat nystagmus associated with intravenous patient - controlled administration of <span class="chemical">morphine</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: IMPLICATIONS : This case documents a patient who developed dizziness with downbeating nystagmus while receiving a relatively large dose of IV patient - controlled analgesia morphine .
### Output Text: | IMPLICATIONS : This case documents a patient who developed dizziness with downbeating nystagmus while receiving a relatively large dose of IV patient - controlled analgesia <span class="chemical">morphine</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Although there have been case reports of epidural morphine with these symptoms and signs , this has not been previously documented with IV or patient - controlled analgesia morphine .
### Output Text: | Although there have been case reports of epidural <span class="chemical">morphine</span> with these symptoms and signs , this has not been previously documented with IV or patient - controlled analgesia <span class="chemical">morphine</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Hemodynamic and antiadrenergic effects of dronedarone and amiodarone in animals with a healed myocardial infarction .
### Output Text: | Hemodynamic and antiadrenergic effects of <span class="chemical">dronedarone</span> and <span class="chemical">amiodarone</span> in animals with a healed myocardial infarction . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The hemodynamic and antiadrenergic effects of dronedarone , a noniodinated compound structurally related to amiodarone , were compared with those of amiodarone after prolonged oral administration , both at rest and during sympathetic stimulation in conscious dogs with a healed myocardial infarction .
### Output Text: | The hemodynamic and antiadrenergic effects of <span class="chemical">dronedarone</span> , a noniodinated compound structurally related to <span class="chemical">amiodarone</span> , were compared with those of <span class="chemical">amiodarone</span> after prolonged oral administration , both at rest and during sympathetic stimulation in conscious dogs with a healed myocardial infarction . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: All dogs ( n = 6 ) randomly received orally dronedarone ( 10 and 30 mg / kg ) , amiodarone ( 10 and 30 mg / kg ) , and placebo twice daily for 7 days , with a 3 - week washout between consecutive treatments .
### Output Text: | All dogs ( n = 6 ) randomly received orally <span class="chemical">dronedarone</span> ( 10 and 30 mg / kg ) , <span class="chemical">amiodarone</span> ( 10 and 30 mg / kg ) , and placebo twice daily for 7 days , with a 3 - week washout between consecutive treatments . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Heart rate ( HR ) , mean arterial pressure ( MBP ) , positive rate of increase of left ventricular pressure ( + LVdP / dt ) , echocardiographically assessed left ventricular ejection fraction ( LVEF ) , and fractional shortening ( FS ) , as well as chronotropic response to isoproterenol and exercise - induced sympathetic stimulation were evaluated under baseline and posttreatment conditions .
### Output Text: | Heart rate ( HR ) , mean arterial pressure ( MBP ) , positive rate of increase of left ventricular pressure ( + LVdP / dt ) , echocardiographically assessed left ventricular ejection fraction ( LVEF ) , and fractional shortening ( FS ) , as well as chronotropic response to <span class="chemical">isoproterenol</span> and exercise - induced sympathetic stimulation were evaluated under baseline and posttreatment conditions . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Resting values of LVEF , FS , + LVdP / dt , and MBP remained unchanged whatever the drug and the dosing regimen , whereas resting HR was significantly and dose - dependently lowered after dronedarone and to a lesser extent after amiodarone .
### Output Text: | Resting values of LVEF , FS , + LVdP / dt , and MBP remained unchanged whatever the drug and the dosing regimen , whereas resting HR was significantly and dose - dependently lowered after <span class="chemical">dronedarone</span> and to a lesser extent after <span class="chemical">amiodarone</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Both dronedarone and amiodarone significantly reduced the exercise - induced tachycardia and , at the highest dose , decreased the isoproterenol - induced tachycardia .
### Output Text: | Both <span class="chemical">dronedarone</span> and <span class="chemical">amiodarone</span> significantly reduced the exercise - induced tachycardia and , at the highest dose , decreased the <span class="chemical">isoproterenol</span> - induced tachycardia . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Thus , dronedarone and amiodarone displayed a similar level of antiadrenergic effect and did not impair the resting left ventricular function .
### Output Text: | Thus , <span class="chemical">dronedarone</span> and <span class="chemical">amiodarone</span> displayed a similar level of antiadrenergic effect and did not impair the resting left ventricular function . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Consequently , dronedarone might be particularly suitable for the treatment and prevention of various clinical arrhythmias , without compromising the left ventricular function .
### Output Text: | Consequently , <span class="chemical">dronedarone</span> might be particularly suitable for the treatment and prevention of various clinical arrhythmias , without compromising the left ventricular function . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Phase 2 trial of liposomal doxorubicin ( 40 mg / m ( 2 ) ) in platinum / paclitaxel - refractory ovarian and fallopian tube cancers and primary carcinoma of the peritoneum .
### Output Text: | Phase 2 trial of liposomal <span class="chemical">doxorubicin</span> ( 40 mg / m ( 2 ) ) in <span class="chemical">platinum</span> / <span class="chemical">paclitaxel</span> - refractory ovarian and fallopian tube cancers and primary carcinoma of the peritoneum . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: BACKGROUND : Several studies have demonstrated liposomal doxorubicin ( Doxil ) to be an active antineoplastic agent in platinum - resistant ovarian cancer , with dose limiting toxicity of the standard dosing regimen ( 50 mg / m ( 2 ) q 4 weeks ) being severe erythrodysesthesia ( " hand - foot syndrome " ) and stomatitis .
### Output Text: | BACKGROUND : Several studies have demonstrated liposomal <span class="chemical">doxorubicin</span> ( <span class="chemical">Doxil</span> ) to be an active antineoplastic agent in <span class="chemical">platinum</span> - resistant ovarian cancer , with dose limiting toxicity of the standard dosing regimen ( 50 mg / m ( 2 ) q 4 weeks ) being severe erythrodysesthesia ( " hand - foot syndrome " ) and stomatitis . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: We wished to develop a more tolerable liposomal doxorubicin treatment regimen and document its level of activity in a well - defined patient population with platinum / paclitaxel - refractory disease .
### Output Text: | We wished to develop a more tolerable liposomal <span class="chemical">doxorubicin</span> treatment regimen and document its level of activity in a well - defined patient population with <span class="chemical">platinum</span> / <span class="chemical">paclitaxel</span> - refractory disease . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: METHODS AND MATERIALS : Patients with ovarian or fallopian tube cancers or primary peritoneal carcinoma with platinum / paclitaxel - refractory disease ( stable or progressive disease following treatment with these agents or previous objective response < 3 months in duration ) were treated with liposomal doxorubicin at a dose of 40 mg / m ( 2 ) q 4 weeks .
### Output Text: | METHODS AND MATERIALS : Patients with ovarian or fallopian tube cancers or primary peritoneal carcinoma with <span class="chemical">platinum</span> / <span class="chemical">paclitaxel</span> - refractory disease ( stable or progressive disease following treatment with these agents or previous objective response < 3 months in duration ) were treated with liposomal <span class="chemical">doxorubicin</span> at a dose of 40 mg / m ( 2 ) q 4 weeks . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: RESULTS : A total of 49 patients ( median age : 60 ; range 41 - 81 ) entered this phase 2 trial .
### Output Text: | RESULTS : A total of 49 patients ( median age : 60 ; range 41 - 81 ) entered this phase 2 trial . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: The median number of prior regimens was 2 ( range : 1 - 6 ) .
### Output Text: | The median number of prior regimens was 2 ( range : 1 - 6 ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Six ( 12 % ) and 4 ( 8 % ) patients experienced grade 2 hand - foot syndrome and stomatitis , respectively ( no episodes of grade 3 ) .
### Output Text: | Six ( 12 % ) and 4 ( 8 % ) patients experienced grade 2 hand - foot syndrome and stomatitis , respectively ( no episodes of grade 3 ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: One patient developed grade 3 diarrhea requiring hospitalization for hydration .
### Output Text: | One patient developed grade 3 diarrhea requiring hospitalization for hydration . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Six ( 12 % ) individuals required dose reductions .
### Output Text: | Six ( 12 % ) individuals required dose reductions . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: The median number of courses of liposomal doxorubicin administered on this protocol was 2 ( range : 1 - 12 ) .
### Output Text: | The median number of courses of liposomal <span class="chemical">doxorubicin</span> administered on this protocol was 2 ( range : 1 - 12 ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Four of 44 patients ( 9 % ) evaluable for response exhibited objective and subjective evidence of an antineoplastic effect of therapy .
### Output Text: | Four of 44 patients ( 9 % ) evaluable for response exhibited objective and subjective evidence of an antineoplastic effect of therapy . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: CONCLUSION : This modified liposomal doxorubicin regimen results in less toxicity ( stomatitis , hand - foot syndrome ) than the standard FDA - approved dose schedule .
### Output Text: | CONCLUSION : This modified liposomal <span class="chemical">doxorubicin</span> regimen results in less toxicity ( stomatitis , hand - foot syndrome ) than the standard FDA - approved dose schedule . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Definite , although limited , antineoplastic activity is observed in patients with well - defined platinum - and paclitaxel - refractory ovarian cancer .
### Output Text: | Definite , although limited , antineoplastic activity is observed in patients with well - defined <span class="chemical">platinum</span> - and <span class="chemical">paclitaxel</span> - refractory ovarian cancer . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Efficacy of olanzapine in acute bipolar mania : a double - blind , placebo - controlled study .
### Output Text: | Efficacy of <span class="chemical">olanzapine</span> in acute bipolar mania : a double - blind , placebo - controlled study . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: The Olanzipine HGGW Study Group .
### Output Text: | The <span class="chemical">Olanzipine</span> HGGW Study Group . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: BACKGROUND : We compared the efficacy and safety of olanzapine vs placebo for the treatment of acute bipolar mania .
### Output Text: | BACKGROUND : We compared the efficacy and safety of <span class="chemical">olanzapine</span> vs placebo for the treatment of acute bipolar mania . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: METHODS : Four - week , randomized , double - blind , parallel study .
### Output Text: | METHODS : Four - week , randomized , double - blind , parallel study . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: A total of 115 patients with a DSM - IV diagnosis of bipolar disorder , manic or mixed , were randomized to olanzapine , 5 to 20 mg / d ( n = 55 ) , or placebo ( n = 60 ) .
### Output Text: | A total of 115 patients with a DSM - IV diagnosis of bipolar disorder , manic or mixed , were randomized to <span class="chemical">olanzapine</span> , 5 to 20 mg / d ( n = 55 ) , or placebo ( n = 60 ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: The primary efficacy measure was the Young - Mania Rating Scale ( Y - MRS ) total score .
### Output Text: | The primary efficacy measure was the Young - Mania Rating Scale ( Y - MRS ) total score . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Response and euthymia were defined , a priori , as at least a 50 % improvement from baseline to end point and as a score of no less than 12 at end point in the Y - MRS total score , respectively .
### Output Text: | Response and euthymia were defined , a priori , as at least a 50 % improvement from baseline to end point and as a score of no less than 12 at end point in the Y - MRS total score , respectively . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Safety was assessed using adverse events , Extrapyramidal Symptom ( EPS ) rating scales , laboratory values , electrocardiograms , vital signs , and weight change .
### Output Text: | Safety was assessed using adverse events , Extrapyramidal Symptom ( EPS ) rating scales , laboratory values , electrocardiograms , vital signs , and weight change . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: RESULTS : Olanzapine - treated patients demonstrated a statistically significant greater mean ( + / - SD ) improvement in Y - MRS total score than placebo - treated patients ( - 14 . 8 + / - 12 . 5 and - 8 . 1 + / - 12 . 7 , respectively ; P < . 001 ) , which was evident at the first postbaseline observation 1 week after randomization and was maintained throughout the study ( last observation carried forward ) .
### Output Text: | RESULTS : <span class="chemical">Olanzapine</span> - treated patients demonstrated a statistically significant greater mean ( + / - SD ) improvement in Y - MRS total score than placebo - treated patients ( - 14 . 8 + / - 12 . 5 and - 8 . 1 + / - 12 . 7 , respectively ; P < . 001 ) , which was evident at the first postbaseline observation 1 week after randomization and was maintained throughout the study ( last observation carried forward ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Olanzapine - treated patients demonstrated a higher rate of response ( 65 % vs 43 % , respectively ; P = . 02 ) and euthymia ( 61 % vs 36 % , respectively ; P = . 01 ) than placebo - treated patients .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">Olanzapine</span> - treated patients demonstrated a higher rate of response ( 65 % vs 43 % , respectively ; P = . 02 ) and euthymia ( 61 % vs 36 % , respectively ; P = . 01 ) than placebo - treated patients . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: There were no statistically significant differences in EPSs between groups .
### Output Text: | There were no statistically significant differences in EPSs between groups . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: However , olanzapine - treated patients had a statistically significant greater mean ( + / - SD ) weight gain than placebo - treated patients ( 2 . 1 + / - 2 . 8 vs 0 . 45 + / - 2 . 3 kg , respectively ) and also experienced more treatment - emergent somnolence ( 21 patients [ 38 . 2 % ] vs 5 [ 8 . 3 % ] , respectively ) .
### Output Text: | However , <span class="chemical">olanzapine</span> - treated patients had a statistically significant greater mean ( + / - SD ) weight gain than placebo - treated patients ( 2 . 1 + / - 2 . 8 vs 0 . 45 + / - 2 . 3 kg , respectively ) and also experienced more treatment - emergent somnolence ( 21 patients [ 38 . 2 % ] vs 5 [ 8 . 3 % ] , respectively ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: CONCLUSION : Olanzapine demonstrated greater efficacy than placebo in the treatment of acute bipolar mania and was generally well tolerated .
### Output Text: | CONCLUSION : <span class="chemical">Olanzapine</span> demonstrated greater efficacy than placebo in the treatment of acute bipolar mania and was generally well tolerated . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: The effect of pupil dilation with tropicamide on vision and driving simulator performance .
### Output Text: | The effect of pupil dilation with <span class="chemical">tropicamide</span> on vision and driving simulator performance . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: PURPOSE : To assess the effect of pupil dilation on vision and driving ability .
### Output Text: | PURPOSE : To assess the effect of pupil dilation on vision and driving ability . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: METHODS : A series of tests on various parameters of visual function and driving simulator performance were performed on 12 healthy drivers , before and after pupil dilation using guttae tropicamide 1 % .
### Output Text: | METHODS : A series of tests on various parameters of visual function and driving simulator performance were performed on 12 healthy drivers , before and after pupil dilation using guttae <span class="chemical">tropicamide</span> 1 % . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: A driving simulator ( Transport Research Laboratory ) was used to measure reaction time ( RT ) , speed maintenance and steering accuracy .
### Output Text: | A driving simulator ( Transport Research Laboratory ) was used to measure reaction time ( RT ) , speed maintenance and steering accuracy . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Tests of basic visual function included high - and low - contrast visual acuity ( HCVA and LCVA ) , Pelli - Robson contrast threshold ( CT ) and Goldmann perimetry ( FIELDS ) .
### Output Text: | Tests of basic visual function included high - and low - contrast visual acuity ( HCVA and LCVA ) , Pelli - Robson contrast threshold ( CT ) and Goldmann perimetry ( FIELDS ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Useful Field of View ( UFOV - - a test of visual attention ) was also undertaken .
### Output Text: | Useful Field of View ( UFOV - - a test of visual attention ) was also undertaken . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: The mean differences in the pre - and post - dilatation measurements were tested for statistical significance at the 95 % level using one - tail paired t - tests .
### Output Text: | The mean differences in the pre - and post - dilatation measurements were tested for statistical significance at the 95 % level using one - tail paired t - tests . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: RESULTS : Pupillary dilation resulted in a statistically significant deterioration in CT and HCVA only .
### Output Text: | RESULTS : Pupillary dilation resulted in a statistically significant deterioration in CT and HCVA only . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Five of 12 drivers also exhibited deterioration in LCVA , CT and RT .
### Output Text: | Five of 12 drivers also exhibited deterioration in LCVA , CT and RT . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Little evidence emerged for deterioration in FIELDS and UFOV .
### Output Text: | Little evidence emerged for deterioration in FIELDS and UFOV . |