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3,300 | 63,331 | United States v. Cooley | https://api.oyez.org/cases/2020/19-1414 | 19-1414 | 2020 | United States | Joshua James Cooley | <p>Joshua James Cooley was parked in his pickup truck on the side of a road within the Crow Reservation in Montana when Officer James Saylor of the Crow Tribe approached his truck in the early hours of the morning. During their exchange, the officer assumed, based on Cooley’s appearance, that Cooley did not belong to a Native American tribe, but he did not ask Cooley or otherwise verify this conclusion. During their conversation, the officer grew suspicious that Cooley was engaged in unlawful activity and detained him to conduct a search of his truck, where he found evidence of methamphetamine. Meanwhile, the officer called for assistance from county officers because Cooley “seemed to be non-Native.” </p>
<p>Cooley was charged with weapons and drug offenses in violation of federal law. He moved to suppress the evidence on the grounds that Saylor was acting outside the scope of his jurisdiction as a Crow Tribe law enforcement officer when he seized Cooley, in violation of the Indian Civil Rights Act of 1968 (“ICRA”). The district court granted Cooley’s motion, and the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit affirmed, finding that Saylor, a tribal officer, lacked jurisdiction to detain Cooley, a non-Native person, without first making any attempt to determine whether he was Native.</p>
| 1,309 | 9 | 0 | true | majority opinion | vacated/remanded | Civil Rights |
3,301 | 63,332 | Florida v. Georgia | https://api.oyez.org/cases/2020/142-orig | 142-orig | 2020 | Florida | Georgia | <p>This is an ongoing case of original jurisdiction, the facts of which are explained <a href="https://www.oyez.org/cases/2017/142-orig">here</a>. In sum, the case involves a water-rights dispute between Georgia and Florida over the waters of the Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River Basin.</p>
| 297 | 9 | 0 | false | majority opinion | none | null |
3,302 | 63,335 | PennEast Pipeline Co. v. New Jersey | https://api.oyez.org/cases/2020/19-1039 | 19-1039 | 2020 | PennEast Pipeline Co. LLC | New Jersey, et al. | <p>The Natural Gas Act (NGA), 15 U.S.C. §§ 717–717Z, permits private companies to exercise the federal government’s power to take property by eminent domain, subject to certain jurisdictional requirements. PennEast Pipeline Co. obtained federal approval to build a pipeline through Pennsylvania and New Jersey and sued under the NGA to gain access to the properties along the pipeline route, of which the State of New Jersey owns 42. New Jersey sought dismissal of PennEast’s lawsuits for lack of jurisdiction based on the state’s sovereign immunity and, separately, because PennEast failed to satisfy the jurisdictional requirements of the NGA.</p>
<p>The district court ruled in favor of PennEast and granted a preliminary injunctive relief for immediate access to the properties. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit vacated, finding that while the NGA delegates the federal government’s eminent-domain power, it does not abrogate state sovereign immunity. PennEast’s lawsuits are thus barred by Eleventh Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.</p>
| 1,059 | 5 | 4 | true | majority opinion | reversed/remanded | Due Process |