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[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Our previous studies indicate that milk phospholipids have anti-ulcer properties in rats and humans, possibly by forming a hydrophobic surfactant layer at the epithelial surface. In the present study we measured intracellular pH and parameters of membrane resistances in gastric epithelium exposed to luminal acid using a microelectrode technique.', 'Chambered isolated Necturus maculosus antral mucosa was exposed to pH 2.3, with or without 20-25 min pre-treatment with milk or egg phospholipids. The pH in surface epithelial cells was measured with double-barrelled liquid sensor pH/PD-microelectrodes.', \"Pre-treatment with phospholipids (2500-5000 micrograms P/mL) significantly (P < 0.01, n = 14) opposed intracellular acidification. Phospholipids significantly (P < 0.05, n = 14) increased the ratio of apical and basal membrane resistances, suggesting that they primarily affect the apical cell membrane. In contrast, there was no significant change in transmucosal resistance suggesting lack of effect on paracellular shunts in the 'leaky' epithelium.\"]\nQuestion: Do milk and egg phospholipids act as protective surfactants against luminal acid in Necturus gastric mucosa?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of GnRH antagonists (GnRH-ant) on follicular fluid vascular endothelial growth factor (FF VEGF).', 'Sixty women undergoing assisted reproduction were randomised (computer-generated randomisation list) and assigned to two different GnRH analogue regimens: GnRH agonist (GnRH-a) (Group A; n = 30) and GnRH-ant (Group B; n = 30).', 'Mean (+/-S.D.) FF VEGF concentrations were 1598+/-612 pg/mL and 2906+/-1558 pg/mL for Groups A and B, respectively (p < 0.001). In the women treated with GnRH-ant, we found a statistically significant reduction in serum LH levels (1.72+/-0.74 IU/L in Group A versus 0.93+/-0.43 IU/L in Group B, p < 0.001), in serum oestradiol (E2) levels (1562.1+/-410.7 pg/mL in Group A versus 1214.67+/-779.9 pg/mL in Group B, p < 0.05), in FF E2 levels (1146+/-593 ng/mL in Group A versus 621+/-435 ng/mL in Group B, p < 0.05), and in FF androstenedione levels (136+/-55 ng/mL in Group A versus 78+/-31 ng/mL in Group B, p < 0.001), as well as a reduction in the number of pregnancies, though not statistically significant (23.3% in Group A versus 16.6% in Group B).']\nQuestion: Are follicular fluid vascular endothelial growth factor concentrations increased during GnRH antagonist/FSH ovarian stimulation cycles?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Insulin (Ins) resistance (IRES) associates to increased cardiovascular risk as observed in metabolic syndrome. Chronic stimulation of beta-adrenergic receptors (betaAR) due to exaggerated sympathetic nervous system activity is involved in the pathogenesis of IRES. The cellular levels of G protein coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) increase during chronic betaAR stimulation, leading to betaAR desensitization. We tested the hypothesis that GRK2 plays a role in betaAR-induced IRES.', 'We evaluated Ins-induced glucose uptake and signalling responses in vitro in cell overexpressing the beta(2)AR, the GRK2, or the catalytically dead mutant GRK2-DN. In a model of increased adrenergic activity, IRES and elevated cellular GRK2 levels, the spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) we performed the intravenous glucose tolerance test load. To inhibit GRK2, we synthesized a peptide based on the catalytical sequence of GRK2 conjugated with the antennapedia internalization sequence (Ant-124). Ins in human kidney embryonic (HEK-293) cells causes rapid accumulation of GRK2, tyrosine phosphorylation of Ins receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) and induces glucose uptake. In the same cell type, transgenic beta(2)AR overexpression causes GRK2 accumulation associated with significant deficit of IRS1 activation and glucose uptake by Ins. Similarly, transgenic GRK2 overexpression prevents Ins-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS1 and glucose uptake, whereas GRK2-DN ameliorates glucose extraction. By immunoprecipitation, GRK2 binds IRS1 but not the Ins receptor in an Ins-dependent fashion, which is lost in HEK-GRK2 cells. Ant-124 improves Ins-induced glucose uptake in HEK-293 and HEK-GRK2 cells, but does not prevent GRK2/IRS1 interaction. In SHR, Ant-124 infusion for 30 days ameliorates IRES and IRS1 tyrosine phosphorylation.']\nQuestion: Does the G protein coupled receptor kinase 2 play an essential role in beta-adrenergic receptor-induced insulin resistance?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiologic agent of Chagas disease, is currently divided into six discrete typing units (DTUs), named TcI-TcVI. CL Brener, the reference strain of the T. cruzi genome project, is a hybrid with a genome assembled into 41 putative chromosomes. Gene copy number variation (CNV) is well documented as an important mechanism to enhance gene expression and variability in T. cruzi. Chromosomal CNV (CCNV) is another level of gene CNV in which whole blocks of genes are expanded simultaneously. Although the T. cruzi karyotype is not well defined, several studies have demonstrated a significant variation in the size and content of chromosomes between different T. cruzi strains. Despite these studies, the extent of diversity in CCNV among T. cruzi strains based on a read depth coverage analysis has not been determined.', 'We identify the CCNV in T. cruzi strains from the TcI, TcII and TcIII DTUs, by analyzing the depth coverage of short reads from these strains using the 41 CL Brener chromosomes as reference. This study led to the identification of a broader extent of CCNV in T. cruzi than was previously speculated. The TcI DTU strains have very few aneuploidies, while the strains from TcII and TcIII DTUs present a high degree of chromosomal expansions. Chromosome 31, which is the only chromosome that is supernumerary in all six T. cruzi samples evaluated in this study, is enriched with genes related to glycosylation pathways, highlighting the importance of glycosylation to parasite survival.']\nQuestion: Does chromosomal copy number variation reveal differential levels of genomic plasticity in distinct Trypanosoma cruzi strains?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Celiac disease (CD) seems to be a common disorder in north Africa; however, to our knowledge no data are yet available on its prevalence in Egypt. This study was undertaken to investigate the frequency of CD in Egyptian children.', 'We investigated a sample of the general pediatric population (1500 individuals, 656 girls and 844 boys, age range 7 months to 18 years, median age 8.0 years) (group A); 150 children (age range 6 months to 13 years, median age 16 months) admitted for diarrhea or failure to thrive (group B); and 250 children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (group C). The screening test was serum class A anti-transglutaminase (anti-tTG) antibody; immunoglobulin A (IgA) antiendomysium, total IgA, and IgG anti-tTG, and small bowel biopsy was performed for confirmation of diagnosis.', 'In group A, 8 of 1500 children fulfilled the criteria for CD diagnosis; the prevalence of CD was at least 1 in 187 individuals (0.53%; 95% CI 0.17%-0.89%). In group B, 7 of 150 children had CD (4.7%, 95% CI 1.4-7.9). In group C, 16 of 250 sera showed positive results to both the IgA anti-tTG and the IgA antiendomysium test (6.4%; 95% CI 3.4-9.4).']\nQuestion: Does prevalence of celiac disease in Egyptian children dispute the east-west agriculture-dependent spread of the disease?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Vascular hyperproliferative disorders are characterized by excessive smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation leading to vessel remodeling and occlusion. In pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), SMC phenotype switching from a terminally differentiated contractile to synthetic state is gaining traction as our understanding of the disease progression improves. While maintenance of SMC contractile phenotype is reportedly orchestrated by a MEF2C-myocardin (MYOCD) interplay, little is known regarding molecular control at this nexus. Moreover, the burgeoning interest in microRNAs (miRs) provides the basis for exploring their modulation of MEF2C-MYOCD signaling, and in turn, a pro-proliferative, synthetic SMC phenotype. We hypothesized that suppression of SMC contractile phenotype in pulmonary hypertension is mediated by miR-214 via repression of the MEF2C-MYOCD-leiomodin1 (LMOD1) signaling axis.', 'In SMCs isolated from a PAH patient cohort and commercially obtained hPASMCs exposed to hypoxia, miR-214 expression was monitored by qRT-PCR. miR-214 was upregulated in PAH- vs. control subject hPASMCs as well as in commercially obtained hPASMCs exposed to hypoxia. These increases in miR-214 were paralleled by MEF2C, MYOCD and SMC contractile protein downregulation. Of these, LMOD1 and MEF2C were directly targeted by the miR. Mir-214 overexpression mimicked the PAH profile, downregulating MEF2C and LMOD1. AntagomiR-214 abrogated hypoxia-induced suppression of the contractile phenotype and its attendant proliferation. Anti-miR-214 also restored PAH-PASMCs to a contractile phenotype seen during vascular homeostasis.']\nQuestion: Does mEF2C-MYOCD and Leiomodin1 Suppression by miRNA-214 promote Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotype Switching in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['A germline BIM deletion polymorphism has been proposed to predict a poor treatment efficacy of certain kinase inhibitors. The current study aimed to explore whether the BIM deletion polymorphism predicts the treatment efficacy of sorafenib for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).', 'All patients who were enrolled in clinical trials to receive sorafenib-containing regimens as first-line therapy for advanced HCC and consented to providing peripheral blood samples were included. Polymerase chain reaction followed by gel electrophoresis was used to detect the germline BIM deletion polymorphism.', 'A total of 89 patients were enrolled; 69 (77%) patients had chronic hepatitis B infection, and 18 (20%) had chronic hepatitis C infection. The heterozygous BIM deletion polymorphism was identified in 9 (10%) patients. Patients with and without the BIM deletion polymorphism had similar response rates (11 vs. 6%) and disease control rates (56 vs. 61%). The time to progression, progression-free survival, and overall survival were similar between patients with and without the BIM deletion polymorphism. After adjusting for basic clinicopathologic variables and treatment regimens, the BIM polymorphism still could not predict treatment outcomes.']\nQuestion: Is the germline BIM deletion polymorphism associated with the treatment efficacy of sorafenib in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " no", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['The purpose of this study was to determine the cardiac safety of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) in patients receiving high cumulative doses of PLD.', 'A retrospective chart review of women with gynecologic malignancies treated at Roswell Park Cancer Institute from 2002 through 2007 who received cumulative doses of PLD >or=400 mg/m(2) was performed.', 'Forty-two of 116 patients met the inclusion criteria. The mean age at initiation of PLD therapy was 63 years. The mean cumulative dose of PLD was 663.9 mg/m(2) (range 400-1,524 mg/m(2)). The mean cumulative number of cycles of PLD given was 9.8 (range 5-25). Multigated acquisition (MUGA) scans were obtained in 93% (39/42) of patients prior to or immediately following their first dose of PLD. The mean baseline ejection fraction was 63% (range 49-76%). Follow-up MUGA scans were performed on 7 patients (17%). Two of these patients had a decrease in their ejection fraction, but of only 3 and 1%. The remaining 5 patients who had follow-up MUGA scans had an average increase in their left ventricular ejection fraction of 4% (range 1-9%). No patients developed clinical evidence of congestive heart failure while being treated with PLD. There were no treatment interruptions or discontinuations due to cardiac toxicity.']\nQuestion: Are high cumulative doses of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin associated with cardiac toxicity in patients with gynecologic malignancies?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " no", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['To evaluate the visual and anatomical outcomes of dexamethasone intravitreal implant (DXI; 700\\u2005μg, Ozurdex; Allergan, Irvine, California, USA) as adjunctive therapy for patients with refractory wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD).', 'Retrospective review of the medical records of seven patients (seven eyes) who initially responded well to intravitreal ranibizumab but subsequently developed persistent intra/sub-retinal fluid (IRF/SRF) and underwent a single injection of DXI, between May 2012 and May 2013. Two weeks after DXI, the patients continued with their monthly ranibizumab injections. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) and central retinal thickness (CRT) were recorded at baseline, 2\\u2005weeks, 6\\u2005weeks, 3\\u2005months and 6\\u2005months after DXI injection. Complications were recorded too.', 'All patients had at least 24\\u2005months of ranibizumab treatment. Mean age was 81.5±5.8\\u2005years. At baseline, mean BCVA was 0.53±0.13 logMAR (20/70 Snellen) and mean CRT was 273.14±50.94\\u2005μm. BCVA did not change significantly after DXI over the follow-up period. However, all eyes had lost fewer than 0.3\\u2005logMAR units. Complete resolution of the persistent IRF/SRF was achieved in five eyes (71.4%) at 6\\u2005weeks, and remained stable at 3\\u2005months. Two weeks after DXI injection, the mean CRT diminished compared with baseline (248.28±31.8\\u2005µm; p=0.03) and the greatest reduction was observed at 3\\u2005months after DXI injection (241.5±36.6\\u2005µm; p=0.04). Progression of lens opacity was detected in one case (50% of phakic eyes). Retreatment with DXI was performed in two eyes.']\nQuestion: Do dexamethasone intravitreal implant as adjunct therapy for patients with wet age-related macular degeneration with incomplete response to ranibizumab?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['After massive small bowel resection (SBR), enterocyte apoptosis is elevated and inversely correlates with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling. The purpose of the current study was to determine whether EGFR manipulation affects the expression of specific bcl-2 family members.', 'A 50% proximal SBR or sham operation was performed in 3 groups of mice control, after exogenous EGF, or mutant mice with defective EGFR signaling (waved-2). Apoptotic index (no. of apoptotic bodies per crypt), and bax (pro-apoptosis) and bcl-w (anti-apoptosis) protein expression was measured in the remnant ileum after 12, 24, and 72 hours.', 'Waved-2 mice with defective EGFR showed the greatest increase in apoptosis and altered the ratio of bax to bcl-w in favor of apoptosis after SBR. Conversely, EGF prevented the expected increase in apoptosis after SBR by shifting the ratio of bax to bcl-w in favor of cell survival.']\nQuestion: Does eGF receptor signaling affect bcl-2 family gene expression and apoptosis after massive small bowel resection?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Obesity in adults is associated with increased left ventricular (LV) mass. The mechanism for this is unclear, however. We tested the hypothesis that insulin resistance is an important independent contributing factor to LV mass in the healthy obese population.', 'The study population consisted of 40 normotensive, nondiabetic, otherwise healthy obese subjects with body mass index (BMI) > 25 kg/m2. LV mass was echocardiographically determined according to the Penn convention, using the formula of Devereux and Reichek. Insulin resistance was assessed using indices derived from Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test (IVGTT): insulin level at baseline, insulin level at 90 minutes of IVGTT (insulin-90), insulin integration over 90 minutes of IVGTT, and rate of glucose disposal (k value). Insulin-90 (r = .61, P = .0001), k value (r = .55, P = .003), insulin integration over 90 minutes (r = .46, P = .003), basal insulin (r = .44, P = .005), and BMI (r = .59, P = .0001) were all strongly correlated with LV mass by univariate analysis. No significant correlation was found with blood pressure or age. In multivariate regression analysis, only insulin-90 and k value correlated significantly with LV mass (P = .03, P = .02, respectively), accounting for 50% of the variance of LV mass, whereas the association with BMI became insignificant (P = .2).']\nQuestion: Is insulin resistance an important determinant of left ventricular mass in the obese?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['The Drosophila split ends (spen) gene encodes a large nuclear protein containing three RNP-type RNA binding motifs, and a conserved transcriptional co-repressor-interacting domain at the C-terminus. Genetic analyses indicate that spen interacts with pathways that regulate the function of Hox proteins, the response to various signaling cascades and cell cycle control. Although spen mutants affect only a small subset of morphological structures in embryos, it has been difficult to find a common theme in spen mutant structural alterations, or in the interactions of spen with known signaling pathways.', 'By generating clones of spen mutant cells in wing imaginal discs, we show that spen function is required for the correct formation and positioning of veins and mechanosensory bristles both on the anterior wing margin and on the notum, and for the maintenance of planar polarity. Wing vein phenotypic alterations are enhanced by mutations in the crinkled (ck) gene, encoding a non-conventional myosin, and correlate with an abnormal spatial expression of Delta, an early marker of vein formation in third instar wing imaginal discs. Positioning defects were also evident in the organization of the embryonic peripheral nervous system, accompanied by abnormal E-Cadherin expression in the epidermis.']\nQuestion: Does the product of the split end gene is required for the maintenance of positional information during Drosophila development?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Dietary surveys suggest that many older, community-dwelling adults consume insufficient dietary protein, which may contribute to the age-related loss of lean mass (LM).', 'The objective of the study was to determine the association between dietary protein and changes in total LM and nonbone appendicular LM (aLM) in older, community-dwelling men and women.', 'Dietary protein intake was assessed by using an interviewer-administered 108-item food-frequency questionnaire in men and women aged 70-79 y who were participating in the Health, Aging, and Body Composition study (n=2066). Changes in LM and aLM over 3 y were measured by using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The association between protein intake and 3-y changes in LM and aLM was examined by using multiple linear regression analysis adjusted for potential confounders.', 'After adjustment for potential confounders, energy-adjusted protein intake was associated with 3-y changes in LM [beta (SE): 8.76 (3.00), P=0.004] and aLM [beta (SE): 5.31 (1.64), P=0.001]. Participants in the highest quintile of protein intake lost approximately 40% less LM and aLM than did those in the lowest quintile of protein intake (x+/-SE: -0.501+/-0.106 kg compared with -0.883+/-0.104 kg for LM; -0.400+/-0.058 kg compared with -0.661+/-0.057 kg for aLM; P for trend<0.01). The associations were attenuated slightly after adjustment for change in fat mass, but the results remained significant.']\nQuestion: Is dietary protein intake associated with lean mass change in older , community-dwelling adults : the Health , Aging , and Body Composition ( Health ABC ) Study?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (also known as juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma) is a rare fibroblastic tumor with a vascular component that occurs in the nasopharynx and posterolateral nasal wall of adolescent boys. The etiology of nasopharyngeal angiofibroma remains elusive. This investigation was undertaken to determine if human herpes simplex virus-8 and Epstein-Barr virus are possible etiologic viruses and to determine if they have any association with the age of the patient and/or the proliferative state of the lesion.', 'Formalin fixed, routinely processed, and paraffin embedded surgical specimens of 15 angiofibromas were submitted to PCR for EBV and HHV-8, while in situ hybridization was also employed for EBV. Immunohistochemical analysis for ki-67 was performed using MIB immunostaining.', 'None of the tumors were positive for HHV-8. The PCR technique produced a false positive reaction in five cases, with all cases non-reactive with EBV-ISH. The age of the patients did not show correlation with the Ki-67 labeling index.']\nQuestion: Are epstein-Barr virus and human herpes virus-8 associated with juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " no", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['To test the hypothesis that preoperative lumbar epidural morphine improves postoperative pain control and ventilatory function after transsternal thymectomy in patients with myasthenia gravis.', 'The study design was randomized, placebo-controlled, and double-blind.', 'After surgery, all patients were admitted to the Neuroscience Critical Care Unit for evaluation and treatment.', 'All patients with myasthenia gravis who presented to the hospital for thymectomy were asked to participate in the study. Twenty patients were randomized to either the placebo or epidural morphine groups.', 'Patients received either epidural morphine (7 mg in 14 mL of sterile saline) or saline (14 mL) before induction of anesthesia. Supplemental iv opioids were administered intraoperatively, with need determined by the anesthesiologist.', 'The main outcome measures were indicators of postoperative pain (e.g., Visual Analog Pain Score, requirement for supplemental opioid administration, respiratory rate) and ventilatory function (e.g., forced vital capacity, negative inspiratory pressure).', 'Immediately after surgery, the Visual Analog Pain Score in the placebo group was twice as high as the score in the epidural morphine group (placebo 7.0 +/- 1.3; epidural morphine 3.5 +/- 1.2, p less than or equal to .05). During the first eight postoperative hours, the placebo group required more opioids (0.22 +/- 0.03 vs. 0.12 +/- 0.04 mg/kg morphine equivalents, p less than or equal to .06) than the epidural morphine group. Later, both groups received similar amounts of opioids. Patients receiving epidural morphine had better initial recovery of forced vital capacity (at 8 hrs: 55 +/- 6% [epidural morphine] vs. 34 +/- 5% [placebo] of preoperative value, p less than or equal to .05). Respiratory rate was lower for the first 12 postoperative hours in the epidural morphine group, without a difference in PaCO2. There was no difference between groups for the duration of postoperative intubation or ventilation.']\nQuestion: Does preoperative lumbar epidural morphine improve postoperative analgesia and ventilatory function after transsternal thymectomy in patients with myasthenia gravis?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Potassium (K(+)) channels are involved in regulating cell excitability and action potential shape. To our knowledge, very little is known about the modulation of A-type K(+) currents in skeletal muscle fibres. Therefore, we sought to determine whether K(+) currents of zebrafish white skeletal muscle were modulated by protein kinase A (PKA).', 'Pharmacology and whole-cell patch clamp were used to examine A-type K(+) currents and action potentials associated with zebrafish white skeletal muscle fibres.', 'Activation of PKA by a combination of forskolin + 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (Fsk + IBMX) decreased the peak current density by approximately 60% and altered the inactivation kinetics of A-type K(+) currents. The specific PKA inhibitor H-89 partially blocked the Fsk + IBMX-induced reduction in peak current density, but had no effect on the change in decay kinetics. Fsk + IBMX treatment did not shift the activation curve, but it significantly reduced the slope factor of activation. Activation of PKA by Fsk + IBMX resulted in a negative shift in the V(50) of inactivation. H-89 prevented all Fsk + IBMX-induced changes in the steady-state properties of K(+) currents. Application of Fsk + IBMX increased action potential amplitude, but had no significant effect on action potential threshold, half width or recovery rate, when fibres were depolarized with single pulses, paired pulses or with high-frequency stimuli.']\nQuestion: Does protein kinase A modulate A-type potassium currents of larval zebrafish ( Danio rerio ) white muscle fibres?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['In the 1990s, US welfare reform legislation imposed a 5-year lifetime limit on financial support for low-income families with young children (younger than 18 years). With increasing numbers of single mothers and their children reaching the end of their welfare eligibility, there is concern about potentially high rates of untreated psychiatric and substance use disorders in this population.', 'To determine the prevalence, correlates, and likelihood of treatment for mental and substance use disorders in a population of urban single mothers receiving Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF).', 'In-person diagnostic assessments were conducted from November 1, 2003, to October 31, 2004.', 'Cook County, Illinois.', 'Female TANF recipients and residents of Cook County (N = 333) who were randomly sampled during the final 24 months of their eligibility for TANF.', \"Prevalence rates of DSM-IV mental and substance use disorders using the World Health Organization's Composite International Diagnostic Interview.\", 'Lifetime prevalence of Composite International Diagnostic Interview disorders was 61.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 55.7%-66.3%); 12-month prevalence was 46.8% (41.5%-52.2%). Lifetime prevalence of mental disorders was 53.2% (95% CI, 47.8%-58.5%); 12-month prevalence was 44.1% (38.8%-49.5%). Lifetime prevalence of substance use disorders was 29.1% (95% CI, 23.9%-33.8%); 12-month prevalence was 9.0% (6.8%-12.0%). Lifetime prevalence of comorbid mental/substance use disorders was 21.3% (95% CI, 16.9%-25.7%); 12-month prevalence was 6.3% (3.7%-8.9%). Only 21.7% (95% CI, 14.8%-28.5%) of participants with 12-month mental disorders received treatment for mental disorders; 41.4% (22.3%-60.4%) of participants with 12-month substance abuse disorders received treatment for substance use disorders.']\nQuestion: Do prevalence of psychiatric and substance use disorders among single mothers nearing lifetime welfare eligibility limits?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['The Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway is one of the key signaling cascades in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) cells, mediating their resistance to apoptosis. Our aim was to ascertain if sorafenib, a multikinase inhibitor, may also inhibit JAK/STAT signaling and, therefore, be efficacious for CCA. Sorafenib treatment of three human CCA cell lines resulted in Tyr(705) phospho-STAT3 dephosphorylation. Similar results were obtained with the Raf-kinase inhibitor ZM336372, suggesting sorafenib promotes Tyr(705) phospho-STAT3 dephosphorylation by inhibiting Raf-kinase activity. Sorafenib treatment enhanced an activating phosphorylation of the phosphatase SHP2. Consistent with this observation, small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of phosphatase shatterproof 2 (SHP2) inhibited sorafenib-induced Tyr(705) phospho-STAT3 dephosphorylation. Sorafenib treatment also decreased the expression of Mcl-1 messenger RNA and protein, a STAT3 transcriptional target, as well as sensitizing CCA cells to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-mediated apoptosis. In an orthotopic, syngeneic CCA model in rats, sorafenib displayed significant tumor suppression resulting in a survival benefit for treated animals. In this in vivo model, sorafenib also decreased tumor Tyr(705) STAT3 phosphorylation and increased tumor cell apoptosis.']\nQuestion: Does sorafenib inhibit signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 signaling in cholangiocarcinoma cells by activating the phosphatase shatterproof 2?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Increased use of nephron sparing surgery has revealed a small but significant percentage of benign tumors. Improved imaging techniques have aided in diagnosis, but are still unable to differentiate benign from malignant tumors. We sought to evaluate whether the intra-tumor Doppler flow pattern could predict the presence of renal cell cancer (RCC).', 'Standard grayscale ultrasound (US) and Power Doppler ultrasound (PDUS) were performed on 40 patients referred to our clinic for suspicious renal masses diagnosed by CT or MRI from December 2007 to May 2010. PDUS findings were used to classify tumors according to vascular patterns as proposed by Jinzaki et al, where pattern 0, 1, or 2 are considered diagnostic of benign renal lesions while patterns 3 and 4 predict malignancy. Clinical and pathological data were reviewed; ultrasound findings were correlated with histopathology.', \"Of the 40 patients included for analysis, 13 underwent active surveillance, 24 underwent partial or radical nephrectomy, and 3 underwent ablative procedures. Twenty-seven (67.5%) patients had pathological specimens available for review, of which 22 patients had RCC and 5 had benign pathology. Intra-observer (kappa 0.46-0.70) and inter-observer (kappa 0.41-0.56) reliability were reasonable, but ratings didn't correlate with pathologic outcomes (all kappa < 0).\"]\nQuestion: Do intra-tumor Doppler flow patterns predict malignancy of renal masses in a United States population?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " no", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['To assess the predictive value of claims-based outpatient urticaria diagnosis codes to identify potential vaccine-related adverse events (AEs) when recorded on the same day as influenza vaccination.', 'Health plan members with outpatient claims for influenza vaccination and urticaria on the same day between October 1, 2002, and December 31, 2007, were eligible for inclusion. Electronic medical records (EMRs) for 50 eligible patients with the most recent visits of interest occurring at a large group practice were sampled for review.', 'EMRs were available and reviewed for 42 of 50 patients. An influenza vaccination was confirmed in all reviewed medical charts. Urticaria occurring on the day of influenza vaccination was confirmed for 40% of participants (17/42); 3 confirmed urticaria diagnoses were potential AEs and 14 urticaria events occurred before vaccination. Among those with unconfirmed diagnoses, 17 had no evidence of urticaria on physical examination on the day of interest (4 had evidence of a nonurticarial rash and 13 had no evidence of rash on examination) and 8 had insufficient information to make a clinical determination.']\nQuestion: Do outpatient urticaria diagnosis codes have limited predictive value for same-day influenza vaccine adverse event detection?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Laparoscopic Heller myotomy has emerged as the treatment of choice for achalasia. However, intraoperative esophageal perforation remains a significant complication. Computer-enhanced operative techniques have the potential to improve outcomes for certain operative procedures. Robotic, computer-enhanced laparoscopic telemanipulators using 3-dimensional magnified imaging and motion scaling are designed uniquely to facilitate certain operations requiring fine-tissue manipulation. We hypothesized that computer-enhanced robotic Heller myotomy would reduce intraoperative complications compared with laparoscopic techniques.', 'All patients undergoing an operation for achalasia at 3 institutions with a robotic surgery system (DaVinci; Intuitive Surgical Corporation, Sunnyvale, Calif) were followed-up prospectively. Demographics, perioperative course, complications, and hospital stay were recorded. Follow-up evaluation was obtained via a standardized symptom survey, office visits, and medical records. Data were compared with preoperative symptoms using a Mann-Whitney U test, and operating times were compared using the ANOVA test.', 'Between August 2000 and August 2004 there were 104 patients who underwent a robotic Heller myotomy with partial fundoplicaton. There were 53 women and 51 men. All patients were symptomatic. The operative time was 140.55 minutes overall, but improved from 162.63 minutes to 113.50 minutes from 2000-2002 to 2003-2004 (P = .0001). There were no esophageal perforations. There were 8 minor complications and 1 patient required conversion to an open operation. Sixty-six (62.3%) patients were discharged on the first postoperative day and the average hospital stay was 1.5 days. A symptom survey was completed in 79 of 104 patients (76%) at follow-up evaluation. Symptoms improved in all patients with an average follow-up symptom score of 0.48 compared with 5.0 before the operation (P = .0001). Forty-three of the 79 patients from whom follow-up data were collected had a minimum follow-up period of 1 year. The follow-up period averaged 16 months. No patients required reoperation.']\nQuestion: Does computer-enhanced robotic telesurgery minimize esophageal perforation during Heller myotomy?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['The effectiveness of individual components (other than exercise) of multifactorial intervention packages aimed to reduce the incidence of falls in older people is uncertain. There have been no randomised trials of home modifications alone for the prevention of falls.', 'To estimate the cost-effectiveness of just one component of a multifactorial approach to falls prevention, that is, a home hazard reduction program. The study estimates the size and direction of change in resource use within and between the hospital, home and community sectors.', 'A randomised trial was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of home modifications for prevention of falls among older people. An occupational therapist (O/T) with experience in aged care assessed homes for environmental hazards and supervised the necessary home modifications.', 'The subjects in this study were people aged 65 years and older and most were recruited during a hospital stay. The cost-effectiveness analysis was based on a randomised trial with a total of 530 subjects.', 'The incremental cost per fall prevented was $4,986. A sensitivity analysis was conducted by removing 12 outlier subjects (6 control and 6 intervention). The incremental cost per fall prevented was $1,921 for all subjects and was cost saving for subjects who had fallen in the 12 months prior to randomisation.']\nQuestion: Does the cost effectiveness of a home hazard reduction program to reduce fall among older persons?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Previous studies conducted with young adults have shown that ipsilateral acoustic reflex thresholds improve with an increase in the click-rate. Older adults also show an improvement in acoustic reflex thresholds with an increase in the click-rate. However, the click-rate induced facilitation (RIF) of acoustic reflex thresholds is significantly reduced in older adults. These results suggest that slower temporal processing in older adults can be documented by measuring the click-RIF of acoustic reflex thresholds. Thus, the click-RIF of acoustic reflex thresholds may prove to be a valuable tool for the assessment of temporal processing disorders in young children. However, click-RIF of ipsilateral acoustic reflex thresholds has not been studied in young normal children. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and document the click-RIF in young normal children to provide normative data for this age-group.', 'The study included a total of 30 participants (12 male and 18 female) with normal hearing between the ages of 6 and 10 years. Children with outer, middle ear, or neurological disorders were excluded from the study. Ipsilateral acoustic reflex thresholds were determined in the left and right ears with clicks presented at the rate of 50 and 100 per s. The frequency of the probe tone was 226 Hz and intensity was 85 dB SPL. A statistical analysis using a three factor mixed MANOVA was planned to explore differences between ears, click rates and gender.', 'The MANOVA revealed a significant effect (P=0.0000) for the click-rate. There were no differences between ears or gender and no interactions. The mean click-RIF with an increase in the rate from 50 to 100 per s was 10.50 dB.']\nQuestion: Do acoustic reflex thresholds at varying click rates in children?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: [\"Excessive myocardial collagen cross-linking (CCL) determines myocardial collagen's resistance to degradation\\xa0by matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and interstitial accumulation of collagen fibers with impairment of cardiac function.\", 'This study sought to investigate whether CCL and a newly identified biomarker of this alteration are associated with hospitalization for heart failure (HHF) or cardiovascular death in patients with HF and arterial hypertension in whom other comorbidities were excluded.', 'Endomyocardial biopsies and blood samples from 38 patients (invasive study), and blood samples from 203 patients (noninvasive study) were analyzed. Mean follow-ups were 7.74 ± 0.58 years and 4.72 ± 0.11 years, respectively. Myocardial CCL was calculated as the ratio between insoluble and soluble collagen. The ratio between the C-terminal telopeptide of collagen type I (CITP) and matrix metalloproteinase-1 (CITP:MMP-1) was determined in blood samples.', 'Invasive study: CCL was increased (p\\xa0< 0.001) in patients compared with controls. Patients were categorized according to normal or high CCL values. Patients with high CCL exhibited higher risk for subsequent HHF (log-rank test p\\xa0=\\xa00.022), but not for cardiovascular death. CITP:MMP-1 was inversely associated with CCL (r\\xa0=\\xa0-0.460; p\\xa0= 0.005) in all patients. Receiver operating characteristic curves rendered a CITP:MMP-1 cutoff\\xa0≤1.968 (80% sensitivity and 76% specificity) for predicting high CCL. Noninvasive study: Patients were categorized according to CITP:MMP-1 ratio values as normal ratio (>1.968) or low ratio (≤1.968). Patients with a low ratio exhibited higher risk for HHF (log-rank test p\\xa0=\\xa00.014), which remained significant after adjustment for relevant covariables (adjusted hazard ratio: 2.22; 95% CI: 1.37 to 3.59, p\\xa0= 0.001). In addition, CITP:MMP-1-based categorization yielded significant integrated discrimination and\\xa0net reclassification improvements (p\\xa0= 0.003 and p\\xa0=\\xa00.009, respectively) for HHF over relevant risk factors. CITP:MMP-1 was not associated with the risk of cardiovascular death.']\nQuestion: Does myocardial Collagen Cross-Linking be Associated With Heart Failure Hospitalization in Patients With Hypertensive Heart Failure?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Resistin is a cysteine rich protein, mainly expressed and secreted by circulating human mononuclear cells. While several factors responsible for transcription of mouse resistin gene have been identified, not much is known about the factors responsible for the differential expression of human resistin.', 'We show that the minimal promoter of human resistin lies within approximately 80 bp sequence upstream of the transcriptional start site (-240) whereas binding sites for cRel, CCAAT enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBP-alpha), activating transcription factor 2 (ATF-2) and activator protein 1 (AP-1) transcription factors, important for induced expression, are present within sequences up to -619. Specificity Protein 1(Sp1) binding site (-276 to -295) is also present and an interaction of Sp1 with peroxisome proliferator activating receptor gamma (PPARgamma) is necessary for constitutive expression in U937 cells. Indeed co-immunoprecipitation assay demonstrated a direct physical interaction of Sp1 with PPARgamma in whole cell extracts of U937 cells. Phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) upregulated the expression of resistin mRNA in U937 cells by increasing the recruitment of Sp1, ATF-2 and PPARgamma on the resistin gene promoter. Furthermore, PMA stimulation of U937 cells resulted in the disruption of Sp1 and PPARgamma interaction. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay confirmed the recruitment of transcription factors phospho ATF-2, Sp1, Sp3, PPARgamma, chromatin modifier histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) and the acetylated form of histone H3 but not cRel, C/EBP-alpha and phospho c-Jun during resistin gene transcription.']\nQuestion: Does transcription of human resistin gene involve an interaction of Sp1 with peroxisome proliferator-activating receptor gamma ( PPARgamma )?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Synthetic colloids cause dilutional coagulopathy. The aims of our study were to determine whether the natural colloid albumin induces a lesser degree of coagulopathy compared to synthetic colloids, and the comparative effectiveness of fibrinogen concentrate to reverse coagulopathy following dilution with these solutions.', \"Coagulation was assessed with rotational thrombelastometry after stimulation with tissue factor (EXTEM) and in the presence of a platelet inhibitor (FIBTEM). With EXTEM, clotting time (CT), clot formation time CFT), alpha angle (AA) and maximum clot firmness (MCF) were recorded. With FIBTEM, only MCF was recorded. These parameters were assessed ex vivo in blood from 10 healthy volunteers; diluted 1:1 with either saline, Ringer's acetate, buffered/unbuffered hydroxyethyl starch, buffered/unbuffered dextran (synthetic colloids) or 5% albumin. Samples were analyzed before/after addition of fibrinogen concentrate.\", 'FIBTEM MCF decreased significantly upon dilution (> 50% reduced) with all colloid solutions (p ≤ 0.02), although a significantly greater coagulopathic effect was seen for samples diluted with synthetic colloids versus albumin (p ≤ 0.001). A significant reduction in the platelet component of clot strength (EXTEM MCF - FIBTEM MCF) was seen for samples diluted with synthetic colloids (p < 0.001) but not albumin (p = 0.10). Following addition of fibrinogen, FIBTEM MCF, EXTEM MCF and AA were significantly higher, and CFT was significantly shorter in samples diluted with albumin versus those treated with synthetic colloids (p ≤ 0.001).']\nQuestion: Is albumin-induced coagulopathy less severe and more effectively reversed with fibrinogen concentrate than is synthetic colloid-induced coagulopathy?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Although earlier reports highlighted a tumor suppressor role for manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), recent evidence indicates increased expression in a variety of human cancers including aggressive breast carcinoma. In the present article, we hypothesized that MnSOD expression is significantly amplified in the aggressive breast carcinoma basal subtype, and targeting MnSOD could be an attractive strategy for enhancing chemosensitivity of this highly aggressive breast cancer subtype.', 'Using MDA-MB-231 and BT549 as a model of basal breast cancer cell lines, we show that knockdown of MnSOD decreased the colony-forming ability and sensitized the cells to drug-induced cell death, while drug resistance was associated with increased MnSOD expression. In an attempt to develop a clinically relevant approach to down-regulate MnSOD expression in patients with basal breast carcinoma, we employed activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) to repress MnSOD expression; PPARγ activation significantly reduced MnSOD expression, increased chemosensitivity, and inhibited tumor growth. Moreover, as a proof of concept for the clinical use of PPARγ agonists to decrease MnSOD expression, biopsies derived from breast cancer patients who had received synthetic PPARγ ligands as anti-diabetic therapy had significantly reduced MnSOD expression. Finally, we provide evidence to implicate peroxynitrite as the mechanism involved in the increased sensitivity to chemotherapy induced by MnSOD repression.']\nQuestion: Is manganese superoxide dismutase a promising target for enhancing chemosensitivity of basal-like breast carcinoma?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['The effects of chronic ethanol feeding on rat hepatocytes have been shown to include impaired cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion events, such as decreased attachment and spreading as well as increased integrin-actin cytoskeleton association. These results, observed previously by this laboratory, are highly suggestive of impaired actin cytoskeleton reorganization, an event mediated by differential activation of the Rho family GTPases Rac, Cdc42, and RhoA. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of chronic ethanol administration on these GTPases.', 'Male Wistar rats were pair-fed 4 to 5 weeks with a liquid diet containing either ethanol (as 36% of total calories) or isocaloric carbohydrate. Hepatocytes were isolated and plated on collagen IV up to 24 hours. At specific times, the hepatocytes were lysed and these lysates were analyzed for RhoA, Cdc42, and Rac activation.', 'In freshly isolated hepatocytes from ethanol-fed rats, the GTP-bound (active) forms of Rac and Cdc42 were significantly decreased compared with pair-fed control rats, while the GTP-bound form of RhoA was not significantly altered. These ethanol-induced impairments in Rac and Cdc42 activation persisted even after plating the hepatocytes on collagen IV. Additionally, chronic ethanol treatment did not directly affect GTP binding of Cdc42 and Rac, as incorporation of GTPgammaS was not affected.']\nQuestion: Does chronic ethanol treatment impair Rac and Cdc42 activation in rat hepatocytes?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Emergency department (ED) crowding has been shown to negatively impact patient outcomes. Few studies have addressed the effect of ED crowding on patient satisfaction. Our objective was to evaluate the impact of ED crowding on patient satisfaction in patients discharged from the ED.', 'We measured patient satisfaction using Press-Ganey surveys returned by patients that visited our ED between August 1, 2007 and March 31, 2008. We recorded all mean satisfaction scores and obtained mean ED occupancy rate, mean emergency department work index (EDWIN) score and hospital diversion status over each 8-hour shift from data archived in our electronic tracking board. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was calculated to determine the effect of ED crowding and hospital diversion status on the odds of achieving a mean satisfaction score ≥ 85, which was the patient satisfaction goal set forth by our ED administration.', 'A total of 1591 surveys were returned over the study period. Mean satisfaction score was 77.6 (standard deviation [SD] ±16) and mean occupancy rate was 1.23 (SD ± 0.31). The likelihood of failure to meet patient satisfaction goals was associated with an increase in average ED occupancy rate (odds ratio [OR] 0.32, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.17 to 0.59, P < 0.001) and an increase in EDWIN score (OR 0.05, 95% CI 0.004 to 0.55, P = 0.015). Hospital diversion resulted in lower mean satisfaction scores, but this was not statistically significant (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.36 to 1.05). In multivariable analysis controlling for hospital diversion status and time of shift, ED occupancy rate remained a significant predictor of failure to meet patient satisfaction goals (OR 0.34, 95% CI 0.18 to 0.66, P = 0.001).']\nQuestion: Is emergency Department Crowding Associated with Reduced Satisfaction Scores in Patients Discharged from the Emergency Department?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Inflammation plays an important role in albuminuria in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The vitamin D receptor (VDR) has potent anti-inflammatory activities.', 'To investigate the correlation between VDR expression and albuminuria in T2DM.', 'Renal biopsies from T2DM patients with albuminuria (n = 8) and nondiabetic subjects (n = 4) were compared for VDR expression by immunohistochemistry. Recruited T2DM patients (n = 242; estimated glomerular filtration rate > 60 mL/min/1.73 m', 'VDR expression was down-regulated in PBMCs and renal tubular epithelial cells from T2DM patients with albuminuria. VDR mRNA and protein levels were both negatively correlated with uACR, and VDR mRNA was inversely correlated with TNF-α and miR-346 in PBMCs from T2DM patients. TNF-α reduced VDR while inducing miR-346 in cultured PBMCs. TNF-α suppressed VDR by up-regulating miR-346 in HK2 cells.']\nQuestion: Does vitamin D Receptor Down-Regulation be Associated With Severity of Albuminuria in Type 2 Diabetes Patients?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['In animals, anogenital distance (AGD) at birth reflects androgen levels during pregnancy and predicts adult AGD. Little is known about AGD in relation to female reproductive characteristics in humans, a question this study was designed to explore.', 'We used multiple linear and logistic regression analyses to model the relationships between adult female reproductive system characteristics (e.g. ovarian morphology, menstrual cycle) and two measures of AGD [anus-fourchette (AGD(AF)) and anus-clitoris (AGD(AC))] in 100 college-age volunteers in Spain. Ovarian morphology was classified as having < 6 or ≥ 6 follicles per ovary.', 'Both AGD measures were positively associated with ovarian follicle number, with AGD(AF) being more strongly associated. Women in the upper tertile of the AGD(AF) and AGD(AC) distributions were more likely to have ≥ 6 ovarian follicles [OR: 6.0 (95% CI 2.0, 17.6) and 3.0 (95% CI 1.1, 8.6), respectively] compared to women in the lowest tertile.']\nQuestion: Is anogenital distance related to ovarian follicular number in young Spanish women : a cross-sectional study?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Dietary lipids play an important role in the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) through alternation of liver innate immune response.', 'The present study was to investigate the effect of lipid on Kupffer cells phenotype and function in vivo and in vitro. And further to investigate the impact of lipid on ability of Kupffer cell lipid antigen presentation to activate NKT cells.', 'Wild type male C57BL/6 mice were fed either normal or high-fat diet. Hepatic steatosis, Kupffer cell abundance, NKT cell number and cytokine gene expression were evaluated. Antigen presentation assay was performed with Kupffer cells treated with certain fatty acids in vitro and co-cultured with NKT cells.', 'High-fat diet induced hepatosteatosis, significantly increased Kupffer cells and decreased hepatic NKT cells. Lipid treatment in vivo or in vitro induced increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines gene expression and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression in Kupffer cells. Kupffer cells expressed high levels of CD1d on cell surface and only presented exogenous lipid antigen to activate NKT cells. Ability of Kupffer cells to present antigen and activate NKT cells was enhanced after lipid treatment. In addition, pro-inflammatory activated Kupffer cells by lipid treatment induced hepatic NKT cells activation-induced apoptosis and necrosis.']\nQuestion: Do pro-inflammatory activated Kupffer cells by lipids induce hepatic NKT cells deficiency through activation-induced cell death?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['TP53 mutation is associated with decreased survival rate in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients. We set out to identify microRNAs (miRNAs) whose expression associates with TP53 mutation and survival in HNSCC.', 'We analyzed TP53 status by direct sequencing of exons 2 through 11 of a prospective series of 121 HNSCC samples and assessed its association with outcome in 109 followed-up patients. We carried out miRNA expression profiling on 121 HNSCC samples and 66 normal counterparts. miRNA associations with TP53 mutations and outcome were evaluated.', 'A TP53 mutation was present in 58% of the tumors and TP53 mutations were significantly associated with a shorter recurrence-free survival. This association was stronger in the clinical subgroup of patients subjected to adjuvant therapy after surgery. The expression of 49 miRNAs was significantly associated with TP53 status. Among these 49, we identified a group of 12 miRNAs whose expression correlates with recurrence-free survival and a group of 4 miRNAs that correlates with cancer-specific survival. The two groups share three miRNAs. Importantly, miRNAs that correlate with survival are independent prognostic factors either when considered individually or as signatures.']\nQuestion: Does expression of TP53 mutation-associated microRNAs predict clinical outcome in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['CD4+ cells are implicated in the healing process after myocardial infarction (MI). We sought to investigate the role of interleukin-23 (IL-23) deficiency, a cytokine important in differentiation of CD4+ cells, in scar formation of the ischemic heart.', 'MI was performed in wild-type and IL23p19-/- mice. Thirty-day mortality, hemodynamic function 4 days after MI and myocardial inflammation, and remodeling 4 and 30 days after MI were examined. Differentiation of fibroblasts from infarcted and noninfarcted hearts into myofibroblasts was examined under basal conditions and after stimulation with interferon-γ, IL-17α and IL-23. Interleukin-23p19-/- mice showed higher expression of proinflammatory cytokines and immune cell infiltration in the scar early after MI compared with wild-type mice. A stronger interferon-γ/Th1 reaction seemed to be responsible for the increased inflammation under IL-23 deficiency. Expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen I and III was significantly higher in the heart tissue and isolated cardiac fibroblasts 4 days after MI in the wild-type mice. Interleukin-23p19-/- mice showed impaired healing compared with wild-type mice, as seen by significantly higher mortality because of ventricular rupture (40% higher after 30 days) and stronger left ventricular dilation early after MI. Stimulation of cardiac fibroblasts with interferon-γ, the main Th1 cytokine, but not with IL-23 or IL-17α, led to a significant downregulation of α-smooth muscle actin, collagen I and III and decreased migration and differentiation to myofibroblasts.']\nQuestion: Does interleukin-23 deficiency lead to impaired wound healing and adverse prognosis after myocardial infarction?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['To evaluate the predictive value of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) for pathologic complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT) in locally advanced rectal cancer.', \"A total of 265 patients with rectal adenocarcinoma, whole Diffusion-Weighted MRI (DWI-MRI) images, clinically stage II to III (cT3-4 and/or cN+) and treated with NCRT followed by TME were screened. Fifty patients with pCR and another 50 patients without pCR with similar clinical charcacters and treatment regimens were selected for statistical analysis. All the patients' pre-CRT and post-CRT average ADC values were calculated from the coefficient maps created by DWI-MRI and recorded independently. The difference in the ADC values between the pCR and non-pCR was analyzed by the Mann-Whitney U test. The cut-off ADC value of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve with pCR was then established.\", 'The mean pre- and post-ADC values in all patients, and in pCR patients and non-pCR patients were 0.879±0.06 and 1.383±0.11, 0.859±0.04 and 1.440±0.10, 0.899±0.07 and 1.325±0.09 (×10(-3) mm(2)/s), respectively. The difference between the pre- and post-ADC values in all patients, pCR patients, and non-pCR patients were considered to be statistically significant. The pre-ADC value was significantly lower in the pCR patients than in the non-pCR patients (p = 0.003), whereas the post-ADC values were significantly higher in the pCR patients than in the non-pCR patients. The percentage increase of the ADC value (ΔADC%) in the pCR and non-pCR patients were 68% and 48% respectively (p<0.001). The ROC curves of the cut-off value of the pre-CRT patient ADC value was 0.866×10(-3) mm(2)/s. The AUC, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy of diagnosing pCR were 0.670 (95% CI 0.563-0.777), 0.600, 0.640, 60%, 60%, and 60%, respectively. The cut-off value of ΔADC% was 58%. The corresponding AUC, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy of diagnosing pCR were 0.856 (95% CI 0.783-0.930), 0.800, 0.760, 76.9%, 79.2%, and 78%, respectively.']\nQuestion: Does apparent Diffusion Coefficient predict Pathology Complete Response of Rectal Cancer Treated with Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Chest wall mobility is often measured in clinical practice, but the correlations between chest wall mobility and respiratory muscle strength and lung volumes are unknown. We investigate the associations between chest wall mobility, axillary and thoracic cirtometry values, respiratory muscle strength (maximum inspiratory pressure and maximum expiratory pressure), and lung volumes (expiratory reserve volume, FEV(1), inspiratory capacity, FEV(1)/FVC), and the determinants of chest mobility in healthy subjects.', 'In 64 healthy subjects we measured inspiratory capacity, FVC, FEV(1), expiratory reserve volume, maximum inspiratory pressure, and maximum expiratory pressure, and chest wall mobility via axillary and thoracic cirtometry. We used linear regression to evaluate the influence of the measured variables on chest wall mobility.', \"The subjects' mean ± SD values were: age 24 ± 3 years, axillary cirtometry 6.3 ± 2.0 cm, thoracic cirtometry 7.5 ± 2.3 cm; maximum inspiratory pressure 90.4 ± 10.6% of predicted, maximum expiratory pressure 92.8 ± 13.5% of predicted, inspiratory capacity 99.7 ± 8.6% of predicted, FVC 101.9 ± 10.6% of predicted, FEV(1) 98.2 ± 10.3% of predicted, expiratory reserve volume 90.9 ± 19.9% of predicted. There were significant correlations between axillary cirtometry and FVC (r = 0.32), FEV(1) (r = 0.30), maximum inspiratory pressure (r = 0.48), maximum expiratory pressure (r = 0.25), and inspiratory capacity (r = 0.24), and between thoracic cirtometry and FVC (r = 0.50), FEV(1) (r = 0.48), maximum inspiratory pressure (r = 0.46), maximum expiratory pressure (r = 0.37), inspiratory capacity (r = 0.39), and expiratory reserve volume (r = 0.47). In multiple regression analysis the variable that best explained the axillary cirtometry variation was maximum inspiratory pressure (R(2) 0.23), and for thoracic cirtometry it was FVC and maximum inspiratory pressure (R(2) 0.32).\"]\nQuestion: Is chest wall mobility related to respiratory muscle strength and lung volumes in healthy subjects?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['The role of nitric oxide in intestinal ischemia-reperfusion is unclear-some studies link it to the harmful effects of ischemia-reperfusion, while others report it to be protective. We propose that nitric oxide levels diminish in the reperfusion period in conjunction with the onset of increased capillary permeability. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of supplementing nitric oxide synthase with its substrate, l-arginine, on development of local mucosal injury and systemic capillary leak.', 'Rats underwent 30 min of superior mesenteric artery occlusion followed by 4 h of reperfusion. The vehicle groups received l-arginine either intravenously (4 mg/kg/min) or into the intestinal lumen. The intravenous groups received l-arginine either before the ischemic event or after 30 min of reperfusion. Capillary leak in the gut and lung were measured, as were degree of mucosal injury and number of infiltrating neutrophils. Appropriate controls were performed.', 'Thirty minutes of mesenteric ischemia followed by 4 h of reperfusion significantly increased gut and lung leak, neutrophil infiltration, and the severity of mucosal injury. l-Arginine given iv prior to ischemia inhibited lung leak, mucosal injury, and neutrophil infiltration. When arginine was given during the reperfusion period, lung leak and neutrophil infiltration but not mucosal injury were reduced. Intraluminal l-arginine reduced mucosa injury, but had no effect on capillary leak.']\nQuestion: Does sustained nitric oxide production via l-arginine administration ameliorate effects of intestinal ischemia-reperfusion?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Certain subgroups have higher rates of false fecal immunochemical test (FIT) results, yet few studies have addressed this topic.', 'To identify demographic factors associated with false-positive and false-negative FIT results in colorectal cancer screening.', 'Retrospective database review of prospectively collected data.', 'A bowel cancer screening center in Hong Kong invited participants for colorectal cancer screening (2008-2012).', 'Study participants who underwent both FIT and colonoscopy in the first year (n\\xa0= 4482) and underwent colonoscopy after negative FIT results for 3 consecutive years (n\\xa0= 857).', 'The diagnostic accuracy and predictive values of FIT according to participant characteristics.', 'The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values, and negative predictive values for advanced neoplasia\\xa0were 33.1%, 91.9%, 19.0%, and 96.0%, respectively. Participants 66 to 70 years of age had higher sensitivity, whereas older age, smoking, and use of aspirin/nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were associated with lower specificity. The rates of false-positive and false-negative results were 8.1% and 66.9%, respectively. Older age (66-70 years;\\xa0adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.95; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.35-2.81; P\\xa0< .001), smoking (AOR 1.68; 95% CI, 1.08-2.61; P\\xa0= .020), and the presence of polypoid adenoma (AOR 1.71; 95% CI, 1.14-2.57; P\\xa0= .009) were associated with false-positive results. Younger participants (AOR for elderly participants 0.31) and the use of\\xa0aspirin/nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (AOR 4.44) in participants with 1 FIT with negative results and the absence of high-grade dysplasia (AOR for presence 0.41) were associated with false-negative results.']\nQuestion: Does factors associated with false-positive and false-negative fecal immunochemical test result for colorectal cancer screening?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Earlier studies show that medical factors and disease severity predict early readmission to hospital after coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABGS). Few studies have investigated psychosocial predictors. This study investigated medical, sociodemographic and psychosocial predictors of 30-day hospital readmission.', 'A consecutive sample of 181 patients wait-listed for CABGS completed self-report questionnaires before surgery, and at 2 and 6 months after surgery.', 'Twenty-six (14.4%) patients were readmitted within 30 days of hospital discharge. Readmitted patients were older (t=2.12, df=179, P=0.035), and more likely to be unmarried (chi=5.80, df=1, P=0.016), live alone (chi=8.33, df=1, P=0.004), have a history of hypertension (chi=2.731, df=1, P=0.098) and have higher anxiety before surgery (t=1.67, df=175, P=0.097). When these variables were entered into a backward stepwise logistic regression, the only significant unique predictor of 30-day readmission was living alone (Wald=7.08, odds ratio=3.42, P=0.008). Patients living alone were over three times more likely than those living with others to be readmitted to hospital. Disease severity and other medical factors were not associated with readmission.']\nQuestion: Does living alone predict 30-day hospital readmission after coronary artery bypass graft surgery?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Inactivation of the tumour suppressor gene SMAD4 is a genetically late event in gastrointestinal carcinogenesis. SMAD4 is a transmitter of growth-inhibitory effects of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), an important tumour promoter capable of inducing an epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). The role of SMAD proteins in late, tumour-promoting effects of TGF-beta is not well understood.', 'The change of molecular differentiation markers typical for EMT upon SMAD4 re-expression in SW480 cells was determined using Western blotting, immunohistochemistry and confocal laser microscopy. The influence of SMAD4 on the migration of SW480 cells was assessed in wound healing and pore migration assays.', 'SMAD4 suppresses invasiveness and mediates reversion of SW480 cells from a mesenchymal-like to a polarized epithelial phenotype, with features of enterocyte-like differentiation. Moreover, SMAD4 reconstitution was associated with down-regulation of endogenous TGF-beta cytokines, suggesting that autocrine TGF-beta signaling may be involved in the EMT.']\nQuestion: Does sMAD4 mediate mesenchymal-epithelial reversion in SW480 colon carcinoma cells?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) frequently arises in the context of chronic injury that promotes DNA damage and chromosomal aberrations. The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 is an important transcriptional target of several tumor suppressors, which promotes cell cycle arrest in response to many stimuli. The aim of this study was to further delineate the role of p21 in the liver during moderate and severe injury and to specify its role in the initiation and progression of HCC. Deletion of p21 led to continuous hepatocyte proliferation in mice with severe injury allowing animal survival but also facilitated rapid tumor development, suggesting that control of compensatory proliferation by high levels of p21 is critical to the prevention of tumor development. Unexpectedly, however, liver regeneration and hepatocarcinogenesis was impaired in p21-deficient mice with moderate injury. Mechanistically, loss of p21 was compensated by activation of Sestrin2, which impaired mitogenic mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling and activated cytoprotective Nrf2 signaling.']\nQuestion: Does the degree of liver injury determine the role of p21 in liver regeneration and hepatocarcinogenesis in mice?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Polymorphisms found in genes encoding adhesion molecules have been reported to be associated with atherosclerosis. We investigated the Ser128Arg polymorphism in the E-selectin gene in Japanese patients with myocardial infarction and its functional significance.', 'Results from 135 patients with myocardial infarction and 327 control subjects revealed that the frequency of Arg128-positive was significantly higher in the patients than in controls (12.6% versus 6.7%; odds ratio, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.04 to 3.85), indicating that the Ser128Arg polymorphism was associated with myocardial infarction. We then generated a recombinant E-selectin adenovirus carrying a mutation (AdS128R-E) and compared it with its wild-type counterpart by evaluating the adhesion characteristics of transduced human umbilical vein endothelial cells under flow. AdS128R-E-transduced human umbilical vein endothelial cells supported significantly more rolling and adhesion of neutrophils and mononuclear cells compared with human umbilical vein endothelial cells transduced with AdWT-E (P<0.001) and also exhibited significantly greater levels of phosphorylation of extracellular signal regulated kinase 1 and 2 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, suggesting that an altered endothelial signaling pathway is associated with this polymorphism.']\nQuestion: Does e-selectin polymorphism associated with myocardial infarction cause enhanced leukocyte-endothelial interactions under flow conditions?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['There is concern that high degrees of hyperextension may lead to an increase in graft laxity or graft failure after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction.', 'Patients with a high degree of hyperextension will have a higher rate of graft tear/failure and lower subjective scores after surgery compared with patients with less knee extension.', 'Cohort study, Level of evidence, 2.', 'Of 2329 patients who underwent ACL reconstruction with patellar tendon autograft between 1998 and 2008, there were 625 patients who met the inclusion criteria of having primary ACL surgery, no bilateral ACL injuries, no existing osteoarthritis, and having either ≥6° of knee hyperextension before and after surgery (group A: n = 318; mean hyperextension, 8° ± 2° [range, 6°-15°]) or ≤3° of knee hyperextension before and after surgery (group B: n = 307; mean hyperextension, 0° ± 3° [range, 3° hyperextension to -4° short of 0° neutral]). KT-1000 arthrometer manual maximum difference between knees, range of motion measurements, and subjective follow-up with International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) and Cincinnati Knee Ratings Scale (CKRS) surveys were used to evaluate results. Subsequent graft tear related to specific injury within 5 years of surgery was recorded. Graft failure was defined as a KT-1000 manual maximum difference of >5 mm.', 'Follow-up was obtained from 278 (87%) in group A and 275 (90%) in group B at a mean of 4.1 ± 1.1 years after surgery. The KT-1000 arthrometer manual maximum difference between knees was 2.0 ± 1.4 in group A and 2.1 ± 1.6 in group B (P = .701). Subsequent ACL graft tear/failure occurred in 22 patients (6.9%) in group A and 30 patients (9.8%) in group B (P = .246). Further subanalysis showed that the graft tear/failure rate was 6 of 81 (7.4%) for patients with ≥10° of hyperextension versus 16 of 237 (6.8%) for patients with 6° to 9° of hyperextension. There was no difference in IKDC or CKRS scores between groups after surgery (P = .933 and .155, respectively).']\nQuestion: Does the Degree of Knee Extension Affect Postoperative Stability or Subsequent Graft Tear Rate After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction With Patellar Tendon Autograft?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " no", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['To reproduce a reliable rat model of burn with infection for the study of prevention and treatment of infected wound.', '(1) Electrical burn producing apparatus equipped with constant temperature (80°C) and pressure (0.5 kg) was used to reproduce burn injury (with area of 4.5 cm(2)) on both sides of the back in 50 SD rats for different duration (4, 6, 8, 10, 12 s), with 10 rats for each burn duration. On post burn day (PBD) 1, gross condition of wounds was observed with naked eyes. Wounds on the left side were used to observe healing time. The wounds on the right side were used for histological observation to determine the depth of injury, and they were classified into superficial and deep partial-thickness injury. (2) Another 36 SD rats were divided into A (inflicted with superficial partial-thickness burn, n = 18) and B (inflicted with deep partial-thickness burn, n = 18) groups according to the random number table. Rats in both groups were treated in accordance with method of preliminary experiment. Immediately after burn, 0.1 mL of liquid containing 1 × 10(9), 1 × 10(7), 1 × 10(5) CFU Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) ATCC 27853 was respectively inoculated to the wounds on one side (with 6 rats for each amount), while the wounds on the other side were treated with the same volume of normal saline as control. Inflammatory reaction of wounds was examined with HE staining on post inoculation day (PID) 1. On PID 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, and 14, the number of subeschar bacteria was respectively counted and the bacteria were identified with Gram stain and biochemical reaction. Wound healing time was recorded. Data were processed with t test.', '(1) Burn for 6, 8 s was respectively identified as injury time resulting in superficial or deep partial-thickness injury according to histological observation and wound healing time. (2) Obvious inflammatory cell infiltration was observed in the wounds in B group which were inoculated with 1 × 10(7), 1 × 10(9) CFU PA, and the infiltration was less marked in A group with inoculation of 1 × 10(9) CFU PA. (3) The bacteria isolated from wounds of A and B groups was identified as PA. The subeschar bacteria count within PID 14 in A group, in which different amount of PA was inoculated, was mostly less than 1 × 10(5) CFU/g of tissue, while that in B group in which 1 × 10(9) CFU PA was inoculated was more than 1 × 10(5) CFU/g of tissue. (4) There was no obvious difference in wound healing time between wounds inoculated with different amount of PA and wounds treated with normal saline in A group (with t value respectively 1.26, 0.29, 1.07, P values all above 0.05). Wound healing time of wounds in B group, in which 1 × 10(9) CFU PA was inoculated, was longer as compared with that treated with normal saline [(22.5 ± 1.0) d vs. (19.4 ± 1.6) d, t = 2.73, P < 0.05].']\nQuestion: Do [ Reproduction of a rat model of burn with infection ]?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['The presence of HIV-1 preintegration reservoir was assessed in an in vitro experimental model of latent HIV-1 infection, and in patients treated or not with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).', 'In resting CD4+ T lymphocytes latently infected in vitro with HIV-1, we demonstrated that the polyclonal activation induced a HIV-1 replication, which could be prevented by the use of an HIV-1 integrase inhibitor. We also showed that this reservoir was labile since the rescuable HIV-1-antigens production from unintegrated HIV-1 genomes declined over time. These data confirm that our experimental approach allows the characterization of a functional unintegrated HIV-1 reservoir. We then explored the preintegration reservoir in HIV-1-infected patients. This reservoir was detected in 11 of 12 untreated patients, in 4 of 10 sustained responders to HAART, and in one incomplete responder. This reservoir was also inducible, labile, and anti-HIV-1 integrase drug inhibited its induction. Finally, this reservoir was associated with the presence of spontaneous HIV-1 antigens producing CD4+ T cells in blood from 3 of 3 untreated patients and 2 of 2 sustained responders to HAART harboring a preintegration reservoir.']\nQuestion: Does unintegrated HIV-1 provide an inducible and functional reservoir in untreated and highly active antiretroviral therapy-treated patients?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['The goals were to determine whether primary care provider identification of children as overweight was associated with additional screening or referrals and whether the types and numbers of visits to primary care differed for overweight and nonoverweight children.', 'Sequential parents/guardians at 13 diverse pediatric practices completed an in-office survey addressing health habits and demographic features. Medical records of each child from a sample of families were reviewed. Data were abstracted from the first visit and from all visits in the 14-month period before study enrollment. Analyses were limited to children > or = 2 years of age for whom BMI percentile could be calculated.', 'The analytic sample included 1216 children (mean age: 7.9 years; 51% male) from 777 families (parents were 43% white, 18% black, 34% Hispanic, and 5% other; 49% of families had a child receiving Medicaid/uninsured). Among overweight children (BMI of > or = 95th percentile; n = 248), 28% had been identified as such in the record. Screening or referral for evaluation of comorbidities was more likely among overweight children who were identified in the record (54%) than among overweight children who were not identified (17%). Among children at risk of overweight (BMI of 85th to 94th percentile; n = 186), 5% had been identified as such in the record and overall 15% were screened/referred. In logistic regression modeling, the children identified as overweight/at risk of overweight had 6 times greater odds of receiving any management for overweight.']\nQuestion: Is identification of overweight status associated with higher rates of screening for comorbidities of overweight in pediatric primary care practice?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Entecavir (ETV) is a potent inhibitor of viral replication in chronic hepatitis B and prolonged treatment may result in regression of fibrosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ETV on disease progression.', 'In a multicentre cohort study, 372 ETV-treated patients were investigated. Clinical events were defined as development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), hepatic decompensation or death. Virological response (VR) was defined as HBV DNA <80 IU/ml.', 'Patients were classified as having chronic hepatitis B without cirrhosis (n=274), compensated cirrhosis (n=89) and decompensated cirrhosis (n=9). The probability of VR was not influenced by severity of liver disease (p=0.62). During a median follow-up of 20 months (IQR 11-32), the probability of developing clinical events was higher for patients with cirrhosis (HR 15.41 (95% CI 3.42 to 69.54), p<0.001). VR was associated with a lower probability of disease progression (HR 0.29 (95% CI 0.08 to 1.00), p=0.05) which remained after correction for established risk factors such as age. The benefit of VR was only significant in patients with cirrhosis (HR 0.22 (95% CI 0.05 to 0.99), p=0.04) and remained after excluding decompensated patients (HR 0.15 (95% CI 0.03 to 0.81), p=0.03). A higher HBV DNA threshold of 2000 IU/ml was not associated with the probability of disease progression (HR 0.20 (95% CI 0.03 to 1.10), p=0.10).']\nQuestion: Is virological response to entecavir associated with a better clinical outcome in chronic hepatitis B patients with cirrhosis?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['The purpose of this prospective randomized controlled study was to evaluate the long-term results after an acute Achilles tendon rupture in patients treated surgically or non-surgically. The focus was to evaluate whether any improvements occurred between the one and 2-year evaluation.', 'Eighty-one patients (67 men, 14 women) with a mean (SD) age of 42 (9.1) were included in this study. Forty-two patients were treated surgically, and 39 treated non-surgically otherwise the treatment was identical for the two groups. All patients were evaluated using the Achilles tendon Total Rupture Score (ATRS), the Physical Activity Scale (PAS) and validated functional tests one and 2 years after injury.', 'There were significant functional deficits on the injured side compared with the contralateral side 2 years after Achilles tendon rupture, regardless of treatment. Only minor improvements, even though statistically significant, occurred between the 1- and 2-year evaluations. The physical activity level remained significantly reduced as compared with prior to injury, but the ATRS mean was relatively high in both groups (89 and 90).']\nQuestion: Do major functional deficits persist 2 years after acute Achilles tendon rupture?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Understanding the mechanisms by which the immune system induces and controls allergic inflammation at the T-cell epitope level is critical for the design of new allergy vaccine strategies.', 'We sought to characterize allergen-specific T-cell responses linked with allergy or peripheral tolerance and to determine how CD4(+) T-cell responses to individual allergen-derived epitopes change over allergen-specific immunotherapy.', 'Timothy grass pollen (TGP) allergy was used as a model for studying grass pollen allergies. The breadth, magnitude, epitope hierarchy, and phenotype of the DR04:01-restricted TGP-specific T-cell responses in 10 subjects with grass pollen allergy, 5 nonatopic subjects, and 6 allergy vaccine-treated subjects was determined by using an ex vivo peptide-MHC class II tetramer approach.', 'CD4(+) T cells in allergic subjects are directed to a broad range of TGP epitopes characterized by defined immunodominance hierarchy patterns and with distinct functional profiles that depend on the epitope recognized. Epitopes that are restricted specifically to either TH2 or TH1/TR1 responses were identified. Allergen-specific immunotherapy was associated with preferential deletion of allergen-specific TH2 cells and without a significant change in the frequency of TH1/TR1 cells.']\nQuestion: Does specific immunotherapy modify allergen-specific CD4 ( + ) T-cell responses in an epitope-dependent manner?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are a promising and powerful source of cells for applications in regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, cell-based therapies, and drug discovery. Many researchers have employed conventional culture techniques using feeder cells to expand hESCs in significant numbers, although feeder-free culture techniques have recently been developed. In regard to stem cell expansion, gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) is thought to play an important role in hESC survival and differentiation. Indeed, it has been reported that hESC-hESC communication through connexin 43 (Cx43, one of the major gap junctional proteins) is crucial for the maintenance of hESC stemness during expansion. However, the role of GJIC between hESCs and feeder cells is unclear and has not yet been reported.', 'This study therefore examined whether a direct Cx43-mediated interaction between hESCs and human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) influences the maintenance of hESC stemness. Over 10 passages, hESCs cultured on a layer of Cx43-downregulated hASC feeder cells showed normal morphology, proliferation (colony growth), and stemness, as assessed by alkaline phosphatase (AP), OCT4 (POU5F1-Human gene Nomenclature Database), SOX2, and NANOG expression.']\nQuestion: Are hESC expansion and stemness independent of connexin forty-three-mediated intercellular communication between hESCs and hASC feeder cells?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Most clinical research evaluates diagnostic tests by accuracy measures such as sensitivity and specificity. This is stimulated by the Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy initiative, which focuses on accuracy in the widely accepted guidelines. Referring to the clinical consequences of diagnostic tests, many epidemiologists recognize the importance of patient outcome studies in addition to accuracy studies. However, there is a theoretical argument that stipulates the need for patient outcome studies, which has thus far been overlooked.', 'Using a philosophical argument, we show that the definition of disease necessarily involves the concept of function, which in turn is inextricably related to outcome. Consequently, diagnostic tests that establish the presence or absence of disease cannot be evaluated without measuring patient outcome. Patient outcome studies are therefore the definitive means to assess the merits of a diagnostic test.']\nQuestion: Does a philosophical perspective support the need for patient-outcome studies in diagnostic test evaluation?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Enriched rehabilitation (ER; environmental enrichment plus skilled reaching) improves recovery after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) in rats. Fundamental issues such as whether ER is effective in other models, optimal rehabilitation intensity, and underlying recovery mechanisms have not been fully assessed.', 'The authors tested whether the efficacy of ER varies with ischemia model and assessed the importance of rehabilitation intensity and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in recovery.', 'Rats in experiment 1 received 8 weeks of ER or remained in standard housing. Functional outcome was assessed with the staircase and cylinder tasks. Surprisingly, ER provided no functional benefit in any model. In this experiment, ER was delivered during the light phase, whereas other studies delivered ER in the dark phase of the light cycle. It was hypothesized that in the light, rats engaged in less rehabilitation or alternatively that BDNF was lower. Experiment 2 tested these hypotheses. Following MCAo, rats received ER in either the light or dark phase of the light cycle. Functional outcome was assessed and BDNF levels were measured in the motor cortex and hippocampus.', 'Recovery was accompanied by increased BDNF. This occurred only in rats that received ER in the dark and these animals reached more than those in the light condition.']\nQuestion: Is a critical threshold of rehabilitation involving brain-derived neurotrophic factor required for poststroke recovery?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2), one of the CXC chemokines, is involved in the recruitment of neutrophils in several tissue injuries. In this study, we investigated the role of MIP-2 in concanavalin A (Con A)-induced liver injury in mice.', 'Liver injury was induced by intravenous injection of Con A (15 mg/kg) and plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT), MIP-2 levels were determined and histological assessment of the liver was performed. Anti-mouse MIP-2 antibody was intravenously administered 30 min before Con A injection.', 'The plasma ALT level significantly elevated and reached a maximum at 8 h after Con A injection. The plasma MIP-2 level was also elevated and reached a peak value at 2 h after Con A injection. The elevated ALT level by Con A injection was significantly inhibited by the MIP-2 antibody. The elevated plasma MIP-2 level after Con A injection was significantly reduced by the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) antibody, and MIP-2 was induced in plasma after recombinant TNF-alpha injection. Hepatic necrosis and infiltration of neutrophils were observed after Con A injection, and these histological changes were attenuated by the MIP-2 antibody.']\nQuestion: Does macrophage inflammatory protein-2 induced by TNF-alpha play a pivotal role in concanavalin A-induced liver injury in mice?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['In burn care, a well-acknowledged problem is the suboptimal scar outcome from skin grafted burn wounds. With the aim of improving this, we focused on a new technique: excision of the burn wound followed by primary closure, thereby using a skin-stretching device to stretch the adjacent healthy skin. The short- and long-term effect of Skin Stretch was compared to split skin grafting (SSG) in a randomized controlled trial.', 'Patients with burn wounds were randomized for SSG or primary wound closure using Skin Stretch. Follow-up was performed at 3 and 12 months postoperatively. The scar surface area was calculated and the scar quality was assessed, using subjective and objective measurement methods.', 'No significant differences between the SSG and the Skin Stretch group were found for scar surface area. In the Skin Stretch group, a significant reduction of the surface area from 65.4cm(2) (13.6-129.1) to 13.4cm(2) (3.0-36.6) was found at 3 months (p=0.028) and at 12 months postoperatively (65.4cm(2) (13.6-129.1) to 33.0cm(2) (8.9-63.7), p=0.046, Wilcoxon signed ranks test).']\nQuestion: Do skin stretching for primary closure of acute burn wounds?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Recurrence and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma remains a major challenge to further improve survival. High frequency of loss of heterozygosity at D14S62 and D14S51 in tumor tissue has been shown to be closely related to metastasis and recurrence in breast cancer. But, loss of heterozygosity on 14q in plasma and tumor tissue DNA of hepatocellular carcinoma patients has not been investigated. To establish a way to predict metastasis and recurrence after curative hepatic resection, we analyzed loss of heterozygosity on 14 q in plasma and tumor tissue DNA of hepatocellular carcinoma patients with curative resection.', 'We used a simple, rapid and non-radioactive method to analyze loss of heterozygosity at D14S62 and D14S51 in paired plasma, lymphocyte and tumor tissue DNA of 85 hepatocellular carcinoma patients with curative resection.', 'From 79 cases informative for D14S62 and 78 cases informative for D14S51 of 85 hepatocellular carcinoma tissue DNA, loss of heterozygosity at D14S62 and D14S51 was present in 45 (57.0%) and 41 (52.6%) cases respectively. And in 96.0% of the tissues which showed loss of heterozygosity we were able to detect loss of heterozygosity in their matched plasma. In matched 85 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma plasma DNA, we detected loss of heterozygosity at D14S62 in 55.7% and at D14S51 in 50.0% of the respective informative DNA samples. The loss of heterozygosity patterns of plasma DNA were almost identical to their corresponding tumor tissues. A comparison of these genetic changes with clinicopathological data of these checked hepatocellular carcinoma patients showed that loss of heterozygosity at D14S62 and D14S51 was adversely correlated significantly with the presence of tumor size, with 35.4% at both the D14S62 and D14S51 locus in the HTMR (high-tendency to metastasis and recurrence) group compared with 72.9% and 59.4% in the LTMR (low-tendency to metastasis and recurrence) group at D14S62 and D14S51, respectively (P = 0.001 and P = 0.027, respectively).']\nQuestion: Is loss of heterozygosity at D14S62 and D14S51 detected by a simple and non-radioactive method in plasma DNA a potential marker of metastasis and recurrence after curative hepatic resection in hepatocellular carcinoma?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['This study was undertaken to assess the validity of an assumption that histologically confirmed cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) lesions are not randomly distributed across the cervix.', 'This retrospective study included 359 women ranging in age from 17-81 years (mean +/- SD, 34.4 +/- 12.1 years) who underwent colposcopically directed cervical biopsy. Data were examined to determine the distribution of histologic diagnosis across the cervix. The study had 80% power to detect a true, relative by-location difference.', \"Two hundred ninety (80.8%) women were classified as nondysplastic, whereas 69 (19.2%) were classified as dysplastic (CIN1, or CIN2, or CIN3). The most common location for biopsy was the 11 o'clock position (22%), whereas the least common location was the 10 o'clock position (0.8%). The most common location for dysplastic as well as nondysplastic lesion was the 11 o'clock position. No association was found between types of histologic lesion on colposcopically directed biopsy and location of lesion.\"]\nQuestion: Is distribution of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia across the cervix random?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['We evaluated the in vitro antibacterial activity of amoxicillin against penicillin-susceptible and -nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae strains isolated from children with acute otitis media (AOM).', 'Children more than 3 months of age with AOM who were seen in the Dr Sótero del Rio and Luis Calvo Mackenna Hospitals in Santiago, Chile, between July 1998 and December 2002 were subjected to tympanic puncture for middle ear fluid culture. The penicillin and amoxicillin susceptibilities of the S pneumoniae isolates were determined by epsilometer test (E test).', 'A bacterial pathogen was isolated in 432 of 543 children (80%) as follows: S pneumoniae, 40%; Haemophilus influenzae, 29%; Moraxella catarrhalis, 7%; and Streptococcus pyogenes, 4%. Penicillin-susceptible S pneumoniae strains were less common than amoxicillin-susceptible strains (60% versus 95%; odds ratio [OR], 0.08; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.04 to 0.18). Both intermediate- and high-resistance strains were more common for penicillin (22% versus 4.5%; OR, 5.6; 95% CI, 2.5 to 12.7) than for amoxicillin (18% versus 0.5%; OR, 41.3; 95% CI, 6.0 to 821).']\nQuestion: Is penicillin resistance extrapolable to amoxicillin resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from middle ear fluid in children with acute otitis media?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " no", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['A standard procedure does not exist to distinguish between attached and unattached micro-organisms. In this study, we compared two methods to quantify between Escherichia coli attached to clay particles and E.\\xa0coli freely suspended in solution: flow cytometry (attachment assay and viability assay) and settling (or centrifugation followed by settling).', 'Methods were tested using three environmental strains collected from swine facilities (A, B and C) and one purchased modified pathogenic strain (ATCC 43888); four clay particles: Hectorite, Kaolinite, Ca-Montmorillonite, Montmorillonite K-10; and a range of surface area ratios (particle surface area to E.\\xa0coli surface area). When comparing the two methods, the per cent attached obtained from the flow cytometry was lower, but not significantly different from the per cent attached obtained from the settling method for all conditions except when the particle was Hectorite or Montmorillonite K-10; when the strain was C; and when the surface area ratio was below 100. Differences between the methods are likely because traditional culture-based methods cannot detect the viable but nonculturable (VBNC) population, whereas flow cytometry can detect the fraction of VBNC with intact membranes.']\nQuestion: Is flow cytometry a promising and rapid method for differentiating between freely suspended Escherichia coli and E. coli attached to clay particles?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['The early stages of peri-implant bone formation play an essential role in the osseointegration and long-term success of dental implants. By incorporating bioactive coatings, this biofunctionalization of implant surfaces may enhance the attachment of the implant to the surrounding bone and stimulate bone regeneration.', 'To demonstrate faster osseointegration, the surfaces of dental implants were grit-blasted and acid-etched. They were then coated with hydroxyapatite (HA) and experimental implants were further coated with a biomimetic active peptide (P-15) in one of two concentrations. These biofunctionalized samples and controls with no peptide were placed in the forehead region of 12 adult pigs. Six animals were evaluated for a period of 14 or 30 days.', 'Histomorphometric analysis demonstrated that the implants with the high concentration of P-15 had significantly higher percentage of bone-to-implant contact (BIC) at 14 (P=0.018) and 30 (P=0.015) days compared with the other groups. Both concentrations of P-15 showed increased peri-implant bone density compared to the control group at 30 days.']\nQuestion: Does biofunctionalization of titanium implants with a biomimetic active peptide ( P-15 ) promote early osseointegration?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['To determine the association of ethanol intoxication with hypoglycemia in ED patients.', 'Retrospective, laboratory log review of 953 consecutive patients who were evaluated for ethanol intoxication in an urban university hospital ED over a three-month period. Simultaneous serum glucose determination was carried out for each patient and associations between ethanol level and glucose were sought.', 'Glucose concentrations were unavailable for 16 patients (1.7%). Of the remaining patients, 584 patients had detectable ethanol concentrations (ethanol-positive), and 353 had no detectable ethanol (ethanol-negative). Ethanol concentrations (mean +/- SD) in the ethanol-positive group were 50.11 +/- 24.08 mmol/L (231 +/- 111 mg/dL), and glucose concentrations were 5.83 +/- 1.94 mmol/L (105 +/- 35 mg/dL). Hypoglycemia [glucose < 3.72 mmol/L (67 mg/dL)] was observed for five (0.9%) ethanol-positive patients. It was classified as mild-moderate [2.78-3.66 mmol/L (50-66 mg/dL)] for four patients (0.7%) and severe [< 2.78 mmol/L (50 mg/dL)] for one (0.2%). Ethanol concentrations ranged from 25.60 to 68.33 mmol/L (118 to 315 mg/dL). There was no correlation between ethanol and glucose concentrations in any subset of the ethanol-positive patients population. In the ethanol-positive group, patients who had several ethanol-positive visits (56 patients, mean 3.6 visits/patient) accounted for four of the five episodes of hypoglycemia, including the one episode of severe hypoglycemia. The frequency of hypoglycemia in repeat visitors (2.0%) was higher than that in the group of patients without repeat visits (0.2%). In the ethanol-negative group, there were four (1.1%) episodes of mild-moderate hypoglycemia and no severely hypoglycemic patients. Hypoglycemia was not more likely to occur among ethanol-positive patients than it was among ethanol-negative patients.']\nQuestion: Is ethanol-associated hypoglycemia uncommon?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: [\"Auditory training alters neural activity in humans but it is unknown if these alterations are specific to the trained cue. The objective of this study was to determine if enhanced cortical activity was specific to the trained voice-onset-time (VOT) stimuli 'mba' and 'ba', or whether it generalized to the control stimulus 'a' that did not contain the trained cue.\", \"Thirteen adults were trained to identify a 10ms VOT cue that differentiated the two experimental stimuli. We recorded event-related potentials (ERPs) evoked by three different speech sounds 'ba' 'mba' and 'a' before and after six days of VOT training.\", 'The P2 wave increased in amplitude after training for both control and experimental stimuli, but the effects differed between stimulus conditions. Whereas the effects of training on P2 amplitude were greatest in the left hemisphere for the trained stimuli, enhanced P2 activity was seen in both hemispheres for the control stimulus. In addition, subjects with enhanced pre-training N1 amplitudes were more responsive to training and showed the most perceptual improvement.']\nQuestion: Does auditory training alter the physiological detection of stimulus-specific cues in humans?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Obesity leads to serious medical complications and impairment of quality of life. We investigated whether inter-individual variability in the risk of obesity was associated with a crucial fibrillar collagen-degrading enzyme matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 polymorphisms (MMP1-1607 and MMP1-519).', 'A population-based cohort study consisting of 530 subjects was performed. Body mass index (BMI), systolic and diastolic blood pressures, fasting blood sugar (FBS), HbA1c, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol were measured. Study subjects divided into 2 groups, one with BMI<25.0 and the other with BMI>or=25.0, were genotyped for MMP1-1607 and MMP1-519 polymorphisms by pyrosequencing analysis.', 'Analyses of genotype distributions and allele frequencies revealed that both MMP1-1607 and MMP1-519 polymorphisms were associated with BMI (P=0.041 and 0.043, respectively) in individuals with age>or=50 years. We also observed significantly lower BMI and triglyceride in -519 AA individuals with age>or=50 years than in -519 G allele carriers with age>or=50 years. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the odds ratio (OR) for increase in BMI associated with the G vs. A allele in individuals with age>or=50 was 2.02 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.13-3.60, P=0.01], which strongly implicates protective role of MMP1-519 A allele against increase in BMI.']\nQuestion: Is matrix metalloproteinase-1 promoter associated with body mass index in Korean population with aged greater or equal to 50 years?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Leukoaraiosis (LA) has been suggested to be related to the poor outcome or the occurrence of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) after acute ischemic stroke. We retrospectively investigated the influences of LA on long-term outcome and the occurrence of sICH after thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke (AIS).', 'In this study, we recruited 164 patients with AIS and magnetic resonance image (MRI)-detected thrombolysis. The presence and extent of LA were assessed using the Fazekas grading system. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score was used to assess the baseline measure of neurologic severity, and the modified Rankin Scale score assessment was used up to 1 year after thrombolysis.', 'Of 164 subjects, 56 (34.2%) showed LA on MRI. Compared to the 108 patients without LA, the patients with LA were of much older age (p<0.01), had a higher prevalence of hypertension (p<0.01), and had a much poorer outcome at 90 days (p=0.05) and 1 yr (p=0.01) after thrombolysis. There were no significant differences in sICH between patients with and without LA on MRI. In univariate analysis for the occurrence of poor outcome at 90 days after thrombolysis, the size of ischemic lesion on diffusion weighted images (DWI), [odds ratio (OR), 1.03; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.01-1.04; p<0.01], recanalization (OR, 0.03; 95% CI, 0.01-0.10; p<0.01), sICH (OR, 12.2; 95% CI, 1.54-95.8), neurologic severity (OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.09-1.25; p<0.01), blood glucose level (OR, 1.01; 95% CI, 1.00-1.02; p=0.03), and the presence of LA on MRI (OR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.04-3.01; p=0.04) were statistically significant. In multivariate analysis, neurologic severity (OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.04-1.24; p<0.01), recanalization (OR, 0.03; 95% CI, 0.01-0.11; p<0.01), lesion size on DWI (OR, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.01-1.03; p=0.02), serum glucose level (OR, 1.01; 95% CI; 1.01-1.02; p=0.03), and the presence of LA on MRI (OR, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.22-8.48; p<0.01) showed statistically significant differences. These trends persisted up to 1 yr after thrombolysis.']\nQuestion: Is leukoaraiosis on magnetic resonance imaging related to long-term poor functional outcome after thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['High prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency (<75 nmol/l) has been previously reported in European adolescents. Vitamin D deficiency has been related to physical fitness and adiposity but it is not clearly known whether this relationship applies to growing children and adolescents.', 'To determine how body composition and physical fitness are related to 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations in European adolescents.', 'The HEalthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence-CSS study was a multi-centre cross-sectional study.', 'Plasma 25(OH)D, body composition and physical fitness measures were obtained in 1006 European adolescents (470 males) aged 12.5-17.5 years. Stepwise regression and ANCOVA were performed by gender using 25(OH)D as dependent variable, with body composition, physical fitness as independent variables controlling for age, seasonality and latitude.', 'For males, maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) (B = 0.189) and body mass index (BMI) (B = -0.124) were independently associated with 25(OH)D concentrations (both P < 0.05). For females, handgrip strength (B = 0.168; P < 0.01) was independently associated with 25(OH)D concentrations. Those adolescents at lower BMI and high fitness score presented significant higher 25(OH)D concentrations than those at lower fitness score in the other BMI groups (P < 0.05).']\nQuestion: Are cardiorespiratory fitness in males , and upper limbs muscular strength in females , positively related with 25-hydroxyvitamin D plasma concentrations in European adolescents : the HELENA study?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Amitriptyline (AMY) is a tricyclic anti-depressant that has recently been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties. We investigated whether AMY is cardioprotective against reperfusion injury in ex-vivo rat hearts.', 'Thirty adult Sprague-Dawley rat hearts were perfused ex-vivo in a Langendorff apparatus. All hearts except SHAM (n = 6, perfused for 110 min.) received 30 min no-flow ischemia followed by 40 min reperfusion (I-R). One group (n = 6) was untreated before I-R (non-preconditioned; NPC), another non-preconditioned group was perfused with 10 μM amitriptyline for 30 min before I-R (NPC-AMY, n = 6). One group was preconditioned with 3 × 5-minute periods of ischemia before I-R (PC, n = 6) and a fifth group was preconditioned in the presence of 10 μM amitriptyline (PC-AMY, n = 6). p38 phosphorylation and HMGB1 levels were quantified using Western blots. Data was analysed using multiway ANOVAs with Tukey HSD and linear regression models with Sobel mediator tests.', 'NPC hearts recovered poorly (LVDP recovered to 26.5 ± 10.5% of pre-ischemic values, compared to PC hearts (82.8 ± 14.9%: P < 0.05)). PC-AMY (69.9 ± 6.16%) and NPC-AMY (90.3 ± 10.0%) groups both recovered well (P < 0.05). The Sobel mediator test suggested that p38 activity may be indirectly involved in the amitriptyline induced cardioprotection (P < 0.05). HMGB1 was lower in amitriptyline treated hearts compared to the non-preconditioned hearts (P < 0.05) but the multiway ANOVA test suggests that HMGB1 was not involved in amitriptyline induced protection.']\nQuestion: Does amitriptyline pharmacologically precondition rat hearts against cardiac ischemic-reperfusion injury?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Fish oil reduces the incidence of sudden cardiac death in postmyocardial infarction patients. Triggered activity is the principal mechanism of arrhythmogenesis under these conditions.', 'The purpose of this study was to test whether dietary fish oil in pigs inhibits Ca2+ overload-induced triggered activity.', 'Pigs were fed a diet of fish oil or sunflower oil for 8 weeks. Ventricular myocytes (omega3: fish oil, n = 11; control: sunflower oil, n = 8) were isolated by enzymatic dissociation and used for patch clamp studies and intracellular Ca2+ recordings. Triggered activity was induced by rapid pacing in the presence of norepinephrine.', 'Dietary fish oil reduced the incidence of triggered action potentials and delayed afterdepolarizations compared to control (9.1% in omega3 and 84.6% in control, P <.05), concomitant with a reduction in spontaneous Ca2+ release. Dietary fish oil prevented Ca2+ overload and reduced action potential prolongation in response to norepinephrine (DeltaAPD(90): 23.2 +/- 8.5 ms in omega3 and 107.4 +/- 15.9 in control, P <.05). omega3 myocytes displayed decreased sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ content, reduced L-type Ca2+ current (I(Ca,L)), and less recruitment of the Na+/Ca2+ exchange current (I(NCX)) in response to norepinephrine compared to control. In the absence of norepinephrine, the slow component of the delayed rectifier current (I(Ks)) was larger in omega3 myocytes. In the presence of norepinephrine, I(Ks) increased to the same level in omega3 and control myocytes.']\nQuestion: Does dietary fish oil reduce the incidence of triggered arrhythmias in pig ventricular myocytes?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Bimodality in the distribution of glucose has been used to define the cut point for the diagnosis of diabetes. Previous studies on bimodality have primarily been in populations with a high prevalence of type 2 diabetes, including one study in a white Caucasian population. All studies included participants with known diabetes. The aim of this study was to assess whether a bimodal structure is a general phenomenon in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and 2-h plasma glucose that is useful for deriving a common cut point for diabetes in populations of different origin, both including and excluding known diabetes.', 'The Evaluation of Screening and Early Detection Strategies for Type 2 Diabetes and Impaired Glucose Tolerance (DETECT-2) project is an international collaboration pooling surveys from all continents. These studies include surveys in which plasma glucose was measured during an oral glucose tolerance test; in total, 43 studies (135,383 participants) from 27 countries were included. A mixture of two normal distributions was fitted to plasma glucose levels, and a cut point for normal glycemia was estimated as their intersection. In populations with a biologically meaningful cut point, bimodality was tested for significance.', 'Distributions of FPG and 2-h plasma glucose did not, in general, produce bimodal structures useful for deriving cut points for diabetes. When present, the cut points produced were inconsistent over geographical regions.']\nQuestion: Is bimodal distribution of glucose universally useful for diagnosing diabetes?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " no", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Hormone replacement therapy increases the risk of developing ulcerative colitis in postmenopausal women. Chronic intestinal inflammation predisposes to colon cancer development, but effects of female hormones on colitis-associated cancer development have not been examined.', 'To investigate the role of female hormones in the dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-azoxymethane (AOM) mouse model for colitis-associated cancer.', 'We performed ovariectomies, or sham operations, on mice, and supplemented these animals with indicated hormones. Additionally, we used oestrogen receptor α or β (Erα or Erβ) mutant mice. To study colitis or colitis-associated cancer, we used DSS only, or DSS and AOM, respectively.', 'Ovariectomy protects female mice against colitis-associated tumour development. Hormone replacement in ovariectomised mice with either oestradiol (E2), medroxyprogesterone acetate or a combination of both suggests that oestrogens are the ovary-derived factor that promotes tumour development in the context of inflammatory damage. E2-treated animals showed increased clinical symptoms and Il-6 production upon DSS-induced colitis and enhanced epithelial proliferation. Treatment with E2 markedly increased the numbers of polyps in ovariectomised mice and also strongly promoted tumour progression with all E2-treated animals developing at least one invasive adenocarcinoma, whereas, placebo-treated animals developed adenomas only. Using Er mutant mice, we find that the protumorigenic effect of oestrogen depends on both Erα and Erβ.']\nQuestion: Do oestrogens promote tumorigenesis in a mouse model for colitis-associated cancer?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Aberrant experience of agency is characteristic of schizophrenia. An understanding of the neurobiological basis of such experience is therefore of considerable importance for developing successful models of the disease. We aimed to characterise the effects of ketamine, a drug model for psychosis, on sense of agency (SoA). SoA is associated with a subjective compression of the temporal interval between an action and its effects: This is known as \"intentional binding\". This action-effect binding provides an indirect measure of SoA. Previous research has found that the magnitude of binding is exaggerated in patients with schizophrenia. We therefore investigated whether ketamine administration to otherwise healthy adults induced a similar pattern of binding.', '14 right-handed healthy participants (8 female; mean age 22.4 years) were given low-dose ketamine (100 ng/mL plasma) and completed the binding task. They also underwent structured clinical interviews.', 'Ketamine mimicked the performance of schizophrenia patients on the intentional binding task, significantly increasing binding relative to placebo. The size of this effect also correlated with aberrant bodily experiences engendered by the drug.']\nQuestion: Does ketamine administration in healthy volunteers reproduce aberrant agency experiences associated with schizophrenia?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Carbon dioxide (CO2) lasers and phenol chemical peels have been used extensively for facial skin resurfacing.', 'The purpose of this study is to compare the histologic effects of phenol chemical peels and CO2 laser ablations.', 'Local preauricular areas were treated with lasers on one side of the face and a phenol peel on the other. One day after the procedures, the affected areas were biopsied for histologic evaluation. The areas were biopsied again after 3 months.', 'The initial biopsies demonstrated that the CO2 lasers ablate more superficial skin than the peels, but the 3-month biopsy specimens showed that the zone of new collagen formation was thicker as a result of the phenol peels.']\nQuestion: Does the histologic evaluation of pulsed carbon dioxide laser resurfacing versus phenol chemical peel in vivo?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['A radical resection is considered to be the most effective treatment for resectable non-small cell lung cancer. However, even when resected in early stages (T1aN0, T1bN0) up to 20% of patients will experience recurrence. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the prognostic influence of lymphatic vessel invasion (LVI) in stage IA adenocarcinoma patients.', 'From January 1983 to June 2003, a total of 229 consecutive patients with pT1a or T1b N0 M0 lung adenocarcinoma who had undergone radical resection and lymph node dissection were retrospectively reviewed. Sections stained by the hematoxylin-eosin and the Elastica van Gieson method were examined for the presence of LVI. The overall survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, log-rank test, and the Cox proportional hazards analysis.', 'The median follow-up was 81 months. A total of 143 patients (62%) were able to be diagnosed with regard to the presence of LVI, while information was not provided for 86 patients (38%), who were therefore excluded from the study. LVI was noted in 22 of the evaluable patients (15%) and was not seen in the other 121 patients (85%). The 5-year overall survival rate of the LVI-negative group and the LVI-positive group was 94.5 and 70.9%, respectively (P = .003). A multivariate analysis revealed LVI to be an independent predictive factor (hazard ratio: 0.202; P = .001).']\nQuestion: Is lymphatic vessel invasion a significant prognostic indicator in stage IA lung adenocarcinoma?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: [\"The appreciation of parotid involvement being an independent prognostic factor for metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is relatively new. A more comprehensive clinical staging system that separates parotid (P) from neck (N) disease, and further stratifies the N category has been proposed [O'Brien et al., Head Neck 2002; 24: 417-422]. This paper presents the clinical outcome of patients with head and neck metastatic cutaneous SCC treated at the four major head & neck surgical oncology centers in New Zealand and tests the proposed staging system, with modifications for pathological staging.\", 'Patients treated with a curative intent from 1990 to 2005 were identified and re-staged. Survival rates were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and curves were compared with the log-rank test. Multivariate analysis using the Cox regression model was performed to assess the impact of each proposed P and N sub-group, and other parameters.']\nQuestion: Do parotid and cervical nodal status predict prognosis for patients with head and neck metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: [\"Dietary fibers contribute to health and physiology primarily via the fermentative actions of the host's gut microbiome. Physicochemical properties such as solubility, fermentability, viscosity, and gel-forming ability differ among fiber types and are known to affect metabolism. However, few studies have focused on how they influence the gut microbiome and how these interactions influence host health. The aim of this study is to investigate how the gut microbiome of growing pigs responds to diets containing gel-forming alginate and fermentable resistant starch and to predict important interactions and functional changes within the microbiota.\", 'Nine growing pigs (3-month-old), divided into three groups, were fed with either a control, alginate-, or resistant starch-containing diet (CON, ALG, or RS), and fecal samples were collected over a 12-week period. SSU (small subunit) rDNA amplicon sequencing data was annotated to assess the gut microbiome, whereas comprehensive microarray polymer profiling (CoMPP) of digested material was employed to evaluate feed degradation. Gut microbiome structure variation was greatest in pigs fed with resistant starch, where notable changes included the decrease in alpha diversity and increase in relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae- and Ruminococcus-affiliated phylotypes. Imputed function was predicted to vary significantly in pigs fed with resistant starch and to a much lesser extent with alginate; however, the key pathways involving degradation of starch and other plant polysaccharides were predicted to be unaffected. The change in relative abundance levels of basal dietary components (plant cell wall polysaccharides and proteins) over time was also consistent irrespective of diet; however, correlations between the dietary components and phylotypes varied considerably in the different diets.']\nQuestion: Does resistant starch diet induce change in the swine microbiome and a predominance of beneficial bacterial populations?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Factors associated with mineralization and osteophyte formation in osteoarthritis (OA) are incompletely understood. Genetic polymorphisms of matrix Gla protein (MGP), a mineralization inhibitor, have been associated clinically with conditions of abnormal calcification. We therefore evaluated the relationship of MGP concentrations and polymorphisms at the MGP locus to hand OA.', 'Ours was an ancillary study to a 3-year randomized trial assessing the effect of vitamin K supplementation on vascular calcification and bone loss among community-dwelling elders. We studied participants who had serum MGP concentration measured and DNA genotyped for 3 MGP genetic polymorphisms (rs1800802, rs1800801, and rs4236), and who had hand radiographs. We evaluated the cross-sectional associations of serum MGP and the 3 MGP genetic polymorphisms, respectively, with radiographic hand OA using logistic regression with generalized estimating equations, adjusting for potential confounders.', 'Radiographic hand OA in ≥ 1 joint was present in 71% of the 376 participants (mean age 74 years, mean body mass index 28 kg/m(2), 59% women). No significant association between serum MGP concentrations and radiographic hand OA was found [adjusted OR 1.0 (ref), 1.40, 1.21, and 1.21 for quartiles 1-4, respectively]. Homozygosity of the rs1800802 minor allele was associated with 0.56 times lower prevalence of hand OA compared with having ≥ 1 major allele at this locus (95% CI 0.32-0.99, p = 0.046).']\nQuestion: Is matrix Gla protein polymorphism , but not concentrations , associated with radiographic hand osteoarthritis?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Carbamazepine (CBZ) is a drug widely used in the therapy of epilepsy and mood disorders. One frequently observed side effect is hyponatraemia. The role of vasopressin in hyponatraemic action of CBZ is discussed controversially. In this study, we tested the influence of CBZ on water and salt homoeostasis in rat under different hydration states and under vasopressin 2 receptor (V2R) antagonism by satavaptan to elucidate the renal and vasopressin independent action of CBZ.', 'CBZ-treated rats were investigated on metabolic cages after (i) 6 day with ad libitum fluid intake, (ii) moderate water load and (iii) water restriction. The effect of satavaptan was tested in clearance experiments under continuous saline infusion in anaesthetized rats after CBZ pretreatment.', 'Compared to controls, CBZ induced a higher urinary flow rate which was most pronounced (20-fold) after water load and significantly elevated (2-fold) after 10-h water restriction. In addition, CBZ consistently increased renal sodium loss but failed to decrease plasma sodium concentration. In the presence of satavaptan, urinary flow and natriuresis were further increased by CBZ, while there was no differential effect on urea excretion and anion gap.']\nQuestion: Does carbamazepine affect water and electrolyte homoeostasis in rat -- similarities and differences to vasopressin antagonism?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['To investigate gait asymmetries and the effect of walking on compliant surfaces in individuals with unilateral total knee arthroplasty (TKA), hypothesizing that asymmetries would increase as an effect of the compliant surface.', 'Individuals with unilateral TKA\\xa0~19\\xa0months post-operative (n\\xa0=\\xa023, median age 59\\xa0years) recruited from one orthopaedic clinic and age- and gender-matched healthy individuals without knee complaints (n\\xa0=\\xa023, median age 56\\xa0years) walked at comfortable speed on a hard surface and on a compliant surface. 3D kinematic analyses were made for knee and hip angles in sagittal and frontal planes, stance time, step length, and gait velocity.', 'Shorter stance time (p\\xa0<\\xa00.01) and less peak knee flexion (p\\xa0<\\xa00.001) at weight bearing acceptance was found in the prosthetic side compared with the contralateral side. Larger knee (p\\xa0<\\xa00.01) and hip (p\\xa0<\\xa00.001) adduction was found compared with healthy controls. Neither asymmetries between the prosthetic and the contralateral side nor differences compared with healthy controls were enhanced when walking on compliant surfaces compared with hard surfaces.']\nQuestion: Does walking on a compliant surface enhance kinematic gait asymmetries after unilateral total knee arthroplasty?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " no", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['The Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway plays a role in various biological processes. Phosphorylated STAT3 (p-STAT3) functions as a transcriptional factor, and suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) is a potential inhibitor of STAT3. Here, we analyzed the status of the JAK-STAT pathway in undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS).', 'We performed immunohistochemistry in 79 samples of UPS and Western blotting in 10 frozen samples. We also examined alterations in protein expression in the JAK-STAT pathway after the inhibition of phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) or extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-Erk) in vitro.', 'Immunohistochemically, p-STAT3 and SOCS3 were positive in 59.7 and 55.8%, respectively. Positivity for p-STAT3 was significantly correlated with a better prognosis (p = 0.0006) and negatively with SOCS3 expression (p = 0.0223). Positivity for SOCS3 was significantly correlated with a worse prognosis (p = 0.0001). Western blotting analysis revealed that p-STAT3 expression was lower in tumor than in normal tissue. In vitro results demonstrated that there was no detectable change in the expression of p-STAT3 regardless of the status of p-Akt or p-Erk.']\nQuestion: Does phosphorylation of STAT3 in Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma be Correlated with a Favorable Prognosis?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Regarding that lack of evidences about the role of SES predicting cardiovascular risks, we investigated the association between SES and parameters in ABPM in prospective cohort registry.', 'The data was retrieved from the Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Etiology Research Center - High Risk Cohort (CMERC-HI, NCT02003781). Total 1,333 patients implementing ABPM were initially screened, then 9 patients with incomplete data and 178 patients with end-stage renal disease were excluded. Finally, 1,146 patients were eligible for present analysis.', 'The mean age was 60.6\\u200a±\\u200a11.4 years, and 642 patients (56.0%) were male. The patients were divided into two groups according to the status of employment and unemployment was reported with 227 (19.8%). Unemployment group showed significantly older (66.9\\u200a±\\u200a9.4 vs, 59.0\\u200a±\\u200a10.6, P\\u200a<\\u200a0.001), more male (194 [85.5%] vs. 448 [48.7%], P\\u200a<\\u200a0.001), and history of diabetes (93 [41.0%] vs. 23 [29.8%], P\\u200a=\\u200a0.001). Office diastolic blood pressure (DBP, 73.2\\u200a±\\u200a9.2 vs. 76.5\\u200a±\\u200a10.3, P\\u200a<\\u200a0.001), 24-hr total ambulatory DBP (76.5\\u200a±\\u200a7.1 vs. 78.1\\u200a±\\u200a8.1, P\\u200a=\\u200a0.005), and daytime DBP (79.2\\u200a±\\u200a7.3 vs. 81.5\\u200a±\\u200a8.8, P\\u200a<\\u200a0.001) are significantly lower, while pulse pressure (55.2\\u200a±\\u200a15.3 vs. 50.2\\u200a±\\u200a13.1, P\\u200a<\\u200a0.001) and 24-hr night-time systolic blood pressure (123.3\\u200a±\\u200a18.3 vs. 119.3\\u200a±\\u200a14.9, P\\u200a=\\u200a0.002) are significantly higher in unemployment group. Dipper, non-dipper, extreme dipper, and reverse dipper were observed with 379 (41.2%), 350 (38.1%), 112 (12.2%), and 78 (8.5%) in employment group, 78 (34.4%), 100 (44.1%), 19 (8.4%), and 30 (13.2%) in unemployment groups, respectively. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that unemployment was a significantly associated with reverse dipper after adjustment for multiple confounding factors (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]\\u200a=\\u200a1.928 [1.097-3.388], P\\u200a=\\u200a0.022).']\nQuestion: Does oS 09-04 UNEMPLOYMENT be INDEPENDENTLY ASSOCIATED WITH REVERSE DIPPER IN 24HR AMBULATORY BLOOD PRESSURE MONITORING?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Over-expression of thrombin in ovarian cancer cells is associated with poor prognosis. In this study, we investigated the role of thrombin in inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in SKOV3 epithelial ovarian cancer cells.', 'After thrombin treatment SKOV3 cells were subjected to western blots, reverse-transcription PCR, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to quantify EMT-related proteins, mRNA expression of SMAD2, DKK1, and sFRP1, and the secretion of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and cytokines. Meanwhile, invasion ability was evaluated using transwell assays.', 'The results indicated a dose- and time-dependent down-regulation of E-cadherin and upregulation of N-cadherin and vimentin in thrombin-treated SKOV3 cells, compared with the thrombin-free control group (p<0.05). There was a dose- and time-dependent increase in the levels of SMAD2 and DKK1 mRNAs and a decrease in the levels of sFRP1 mRNA in thrombin-treated SKOV3 cells compared to control cells (p<0.05). Thrombin-treated SKOV3 cells exhibited increased secretion of MMP-9, MMP-2, interleukin (IL)-8, and IL-6 and increased invasion compared to untreated cells (p<0.05). Thrombin altered the morphology of SKOV3 cells to a spindle-like phenotype. Addition of hirudin to thrombin-treated cells reversed the effects of thrombin.']\nQuestion: Does thrombin promote epithelial ovarian cancer cell invasion by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Periostin is a matricellular protein that serves as a ligand for integrins and is required for tissue remodeling and fibrosis.\\xa0We investigated the role of periostin in hepatic fibrosis and the mechanisms involved.', 'Primary hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and the HSC-immortalized cell line LX2 were used to study the profibrotic property of periostin and the interaction of periostin with integrins. Wild-type and periostin-deficient (periostin', 'Periostin expression in HSCs and LX2 cells increased in association with their activation. Gene silencing of periostin resulted in a significant reduction in the levels of profibrotic markers. In addition to enhanced cell migration in response to periostin, LX2 cells incubated on periostin showed significant induction of α-smooth muscle actin and collagen, indicating a profibrotic property. An antibody targeting α']\nQuestion: Does periostin promote hepatic fibrosis in mice by modulating hepatic stellate cell activation via?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['With the advent of MRI scanning, the value of lumbar puncture to assess oligoclonal band (OCB) status-for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) is increasingly uncertain. One major issue is that the reported frequency of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-restricted oligoclonal banding for the diagnosis of MS varies considerably in different studies. In addition, the relationship between OCB positivity and disease outcome remains uncertain, as reported studies are generally too small to assess comparative disability outcomes with sufficient power.', 'In order to further investigate variation of OCB positivity in patients with MS, we utilized MSBase, a longitudinal, Web-based collaborative MS outcomes registry following clinical cohorts in several continents and latitudes. We also assessed whether OCB positivity affects long-term disability outcome.', 'A total of 13,242 patient records were obtained from 37 MS specialist centres in 19 different countries. OCB status was documented in 4481 (34%) patients and 80% of these were OCB positive. The presence of OCB was associated with degree of latitude (p = 0.02). Furthermore, the outcome of patients negative for CSF-specific OCB was significantly better in comparison to the OCB positive patients, as assessed by Expanded Disability Status Scale change (p < 0.001).']\nQuestion: Does the frequency of CSF oligoclonal banding in multiple sclerosis increase with latitude?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['According to the traditional view, we depend on three methods to treat tumors; surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. However, these methods have its own limitations in application. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is one of the oldest healing systems. Astragalus mongholicus (AMs) that is the common herbal medicine, the biggest part of TCM, have been proved to be effective in treating cancers from lots of clinical cases. However, we have not fully understood the anti-tumor mechanism of AMs, and this has lead to some doubt for some Western-Medicine scholars and restricts its wide use. The main objective of this research is to discuss the effect and mechanism of AMs to human stomach cancer.', 'To observe the effect and mechanism of tumor treatment by AMs, we have done the research from three major aspects, the influence of DCs, the inhibition of tumor in vitro as well as the animal studies in vivo after treatment. First, we culture the mouse dendritic cells (DCs) from bone marrow of mouse hind legs according to the method using Interleukin-4(IL-4) and Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), which refer to the way established by Inaba (Inaba K, 1992). And then we investigate the growth-rate of the DCs co-cultured with AMs injection. We analyze the expression of the Toll-like-receptor 4 (TLR4), with SYBR-Green I Real-time PCR and the I-kappa-B-alpha (IκB-α) with Western-Blot, the main regulatory protein to control nuclear factor NFκB-p65 nuclear translocation. Second, we choose the human gastric cancer cell lines MKN 45 as the target cell, which was co-cultured with DCs, T cells from spleen of mouse and AMs injection, and use MTT assay to judge the amount of cell lines and Immnunoflurescene to analyze the expression of anti-active caspase 3 pAb anti-PARP P85 fragment pAb, the mark of apoptosis of cells. Third, we have conducted the animal studies beside the basic experiment in vitro. The nude mouse developed stomach cancer, due to intra-preritoneal injection with MKN45 have been divided into two groups: the treatment group challenged with AMs injection and the control group with saline injection. We took the average of the diameter of each group as the y axis and the days after administered with AMs as x axis. After 40 days, all animals were killed by detruncation, and the tumor were removed and measured. We compare the diameter (<40 days) and weight (>40 days) of the tumor as well as the survival days between different groups to investigate the effect of inhibition of cancer.', 'All results show that AMs is effective in treating human stomach cancer and the mechanism might be regulated by TLR4 mediated signal transduction of DCs. The results are briefly introduced as follows: First, we succeed in culturing the DCs induced by IL-4 and GM-CSF and find the positive rate of CD11c expression, the mark of DCs, is beyond 90% (Fig-1). We detect AMs can precipitate DCs maturation by upregulating TLR4 in SYBR-Green I Real-time PCR (Fig-2) and suppressing I.B-aby Western-Blot (Fig-3). Second, after the MKN45 co-cultured with DCs, T cells and AMs injection, the result show that AMs can great reduce the amount of cell lines by MTT assay (Fig-4) and induce apoptosis with Immunofluorescence (Fig-5). Finally, we have conducted animal studies beside the experiment in vitro, and the result in vivo show that AMs can delay tumor development from the diameter and weight of the tumor (Fig-6, Fig-7), prolong life-span and improve life-quality. Figure 1the morphology and phenotypic identification of DCs.The form of DCs observed by microscope with field 20*.The isotype antibody control using FCM.The positive rate of CD11c expression.Figure 2the melting curve and the chart of TLR4 expressiona) the melting curve of beta-actin; b)the melting curve of TLR4;c)the TLR4 expression of DCs stimulated with AM at different dose. There is significant statistic difference between the 60ng/mL and 80ng/mL group and other group (P<0.05 by rank test)Figure 3the IκB-α expression of DCs with different dose of AMsL0: 0ng/mL; L1:20ng/mL; L2:40ng/mL; L3:60ng/mL; L4:80ng/mLFigure 4MTT assay to analyse the viability and proliferation of the two cell lines (P<0.05 between the group with the dose of 60ng/mL and 80ng/mL and other group). the horizontal axis is the group treated with AM and saline at different dose, the vertical axis is the cell number.Figure 5the anti-active caspase-3 pAb (a) and anti-PARP P85 fragment pAb (b) actived by immunofluorescence.The cell mix were treated with 100uL anti-active caspase-3 pAb at a 1:250 dilution and anti-PARP P85 fragment pAb at a 1:100 dilution, and the secondary Ab was donkey anti-rabbit Cy®3 conjugate diluted 1:500 in PBS (Jackson Cat#711-165-152). From the photo, we find that anti-active caspase-3 pAb and anti-PARP P86 fragment pAb can express which is very important to indicate cell-apoptosis.Figure 6The difference of tumor between treatment group and control group.']\nQuestion: Do astragalus mongholicus regulate the Toll-like-receptor 4 meditated signal transduction of dendritic cells to restrain stomach cancer cells?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Both cellular and matrix components of healthy bone are permanently renewed in a balanced homoeostasis. Osteoclastic bone resorption involves the expression of vacuolar-type ATPase proton pumps (vATPase) on the outer cell membrane and the secretion of matrix degrading proteases. Osteoblasts modulate the deposition of bone mineral components and secrete extracellular matrix proteins.', 'To investigate the ability of osteoblasts and osteosarcoma to secrete acid and express matrix degrading proteases upon metabolic activation. To examine also the potential contribution of vATPases to proton secretion expressed on osteoblasts.', 'Osteoblasts were isolated from trabecular bone and characterised by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. Proton secretion was analysed by a cytosensor microphysiometer.', 'Osteoblasts not only express matrix degrading proteases upon stimulation with tumour necrosis factor or with phorbol ester but they also secrete protons upon activation. Proton secretion by osteoblasts is associated partially with proton pump ATPases.']\nQuestion: Does metabolic activation stimulate acid secretion and expression of matrix degrading proteases in human osteoblasts?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Akt1, Akt2 and Akt3 kinases are downstream components of phosphoinositol 3-kinase derived signals from receptor tyrosine kinases, which influence cell growth, proliferation and survival. Akt2 overexpression and amplification have been described in breast, ovarian and pancreatic cancers. The present study was designed to investigate the prognostic significance of activated Akt in primary breast cancer and its association with other tumour biomarkers.', 'Using a two-site chemiluminescence-linked immunosorbent assay, we measured the quantitative expression levels of total phosphorylated (P-S473) Akt (Akt1/Akt2/Akt3) on cytosol fractions obtained from fresh frozen tissue samples of 156 primary breast cancer patients.', 'Akt phosphorylation was not associated with nodal status or ErbB-2 protein expression levels. High levels of phosphorylated Akt correlated (P < 0.01) with poor prognosis, and the significance of this correlation increased (P < 0.001) in the subset of patients with ErbB-2 overexpressing tumours. In addition, phosphorylated Akt was found to be associated with mRNA expression levels of several proliferation markers (e.g. thymidylate synthase), measured using quantitative real-time RT-PCR.']\nQuestion: Is increased level of phosphorylated akt measured by chemiluminescence-linked immunosorbent assay a predictor of poor prognosis in primary breast cancer overexpressing ErbB-2?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Previous studies have identified neuromedin U receptor 2 (NMUR2) as the subtype mediating the effects of neuromedin U on acute chemo-nociception induced by capsaicin or formalin injection. The aims of this study were to determine whether NMUR2 is required for the development of mechanical hypersensitivity after nerve injury or heat hypersensitivity after inflammation and whether there is a gender difference in the contribution of NMUR2 to nociception.', \"Mechanical sensitivity was assessed with von Frey filaments in wild type (WT) and NMUR2-null mice at baseline and following spared tibial nerve (STN) injury. Heat sensitivity was also assessed at baseline and after induction of inflammation with Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA).\", 'The response to von Frey filaments at baseline was similar for WT and NMUR2-null mice and for males and females. The response of male NMUR2-null mice was slightly but significantly decreased when exposed to 52\\u2009°C but not 58\\u2009°C heat stimuli. There was no difference between the stimulus-response curve for WT and NMUR2-null mice 7, 13 and 16 days after nerve injury. Similarly, after FCA-induced inflammation, there was no significant difference in heat hyperalgesia between WT and NMUR2-null mice or male or female mice in responses to temperatures ranging from 44 to 48\\u2009°C.']\nQuestion: Does neuromedin U receptor 2 play a role in the development of neuropathic pain following nerve injury in mice?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " no", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) transcribe mRNA for the nonclassical opioid nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) receptor (NOP). We probed for the N/OFQ precursor, pre-pro-N/OFQ (ppN/OFQ).', 'Using PBMC from 10 healthy volunteers we probed for ppN/OFQ using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based experimental paradigms.', 'In gel-based PCR, we detected amplicons consistent with ppN/OFQ mRNA in all samples. This was confirmed in quantitative real-time PCR with cycle thresholds (representing quantity of mRNA) of 30.91 +/- 0.18 (n = 10).']\nQuestion: Do human peripheral blood mononuclear cells produce pre-pro-nociceptin/orphanin FQ mRNA?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Recent successes in islet transplantation highlight the importance of islet isolation by experienced centers and minimization of cell injury as crucial to the achievement of insulin independence. Islet injury may manifest as cell death by apoptosis, shorter graft survival, and the need for retransplantation. Although an inflammatory cytokine response at the graft site is known to inhibit engraftment, recent evidence indicates that islet cells may contribute to this response.', 'Isolated human islets were cultured for up to one week in serum-free CMRL-1066 with 25 microM of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)alpha inhibitor RDP58. Gene expression was measured by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, apoptosis and TNFalpha secretion by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and enzyme-linked immunospot, and islet function by stimulated insulin secretion.', 'Isolation induced a twofold increase in TNFalpha expression between days one and three (P<0.05), while TNFalpha secretion peaked at day one. RDP58 reduced TNFalpha secretion by 70.6% (P<0.02), though TNFalpha gene expression was unaffected. RDP58 reduced the frequency of TNFalpha-secreting islets by 64.4% (P<0.05) and reduced apoptotic levels by 26.4% within 24 hr postisolation (P<0.05). The reduction in apoptosis was maintained throughout the week (P<0.01), while apoptosis increased in control cultures. Finally, RDP58-treated islets displayed increased insulin secretion in response to both elevated glucose (1915.0+/-396.6 vs. 825.3+/-261.1 mU/L, P<0.01) and secretagogues (2294.3+/-529.5 vs. 939.8+/-333.7 mU/L, P<0.02).']\nQuestion: Does tumor necrosis factor-alpha production by human islets lead to postisolation cell death?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: [\"When a parent is terminally ill, one of the major challenges facing families is informing children of the parent's condition and prognosis. This study describes four ways in which parents disclose information about a parent's life-threatening illness to their adolescent children.\", 'We audio-recorded and transcribed 61 individual interviews with hospice patients who were recruited from a large hospice in northeastern Ohio, their spouses/partners, and their adolescent children. The interviews were coded and analyzed using a constant comparison approach.']\nQuestion: Is telling adolescents a parent dying?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Common genetic variants in a 58-kb region of chromosome 9p21, near the CDKN2A/CDKN2B tumor suppressor locus, are strongly associated with coronary artery disease. However, the underlying mechanism of action remains unknown.', 'We previously reported a congenic mouse model harboring an atherosclerosis susceptibility locus and the region of homology with the human 9p21 locus. Microarray and transcript-specific expression analyses showed markedly decreased Cdkn2a expression, including both p16(INK4a) and p19(ARF), but not Cdkn2b (p15(INK4b)), in macrophages derived from congenic mice compared with controls. Atherosclerosis studies in subcongenic strains revealed genetic complexity and narrowed 1 locus to a small interval including Cdkn2a/b. Bone marrow (BM) transplantation studies implicated myeloid lineage cells as the culprit cell type, rather than resident vascular cells. To directly test the role of BM-derived Cdkn2a transcripts in atherogenesis and inflammatory cell proliferation, we performed a transplantation study using Cdkn2a(-/-) cells in the Ldlr(-/-) mouse model. Cdkn2a-deficient BM recipients exhibited accelerated atherosclerosis, increased Ly6C proinflammatory monocytes, and increased monocyte/macrophage proliferation compared with controls.']\nQuestion: Is cdkn2a an atherosclerosis modifier locus that regulates monocyte/macrophage proliferation?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Accumulation of apoptotic cells has been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). As sunlight exposure is one of the factors that can trigger disease activity, we hypothesized that UV light may induce increased numbers of apoptotic cells in SLE.', 'Fourteen SLE patients and 16 controls were irradiated with UVB to determine their minimal erythemal dose (MED). Subsequently, skin was irradiated with 1 MED and 2 MED, respectively, and after 24 h skin biopsies were analysed immunohistologically for the number of apoptotic cells and presence of pyknotic nuclear debris.', 'MED was significantly decreased in SLE patients and the presence of decreased MED was associated with a history of butterfly rash. Decreased MED was not related to other skin-related ACR criteria or to autoantibody specificities. No differences were detected in the numbers of apoptotic keratinocytes between patients and controls or in the amount of pyknotic nuclear debris following 1 and 2 MED irradiation, respectively. Absolute UVB doses were correlated with the number of apoptotic keratinocytes; dose-responses did not differ significantly between patients and controls.']\nQuestion: Is skin sensitivity to UVB irradiation in systemic lupus erythematosus related to the level of apoptosis induction in keratinocytes?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " no", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Neoadjuvant radiation therapy has been used increasingly to downstage rectal cancer and decrease local recurrence. Despite its efficacy, preoperative radiation therapy may inhibit healing and contribute to wound complications. This study was designed to evaluate perineal wound complications after abdominoperineal resection.', 'The clinical records of a consecutive series of patients who underwent abdominoperineal resection for rectal carcinoma between 1988 and 2002 were reviewed. Demographic data, disease stage, and use of preoperative radiation therapy were recorded. Major wound complications included delayed wound healing (>1 month), wound infection requiring drainage/debridement, or reoperation.', 'A total of 160 patients underwent abdominoperineal resection with primary closure of the perineal wound (mean age, 63 +/- 12 years); 117 (73 percent) patients received preoperative radiation therapy; 114 received radiation therapy for rectal cancer (radiation therapy + chemotherapy = 107, radiation therapy alone = 7); 3 received radiation therapy for other pelvic malignancies. Median radiation dose was 5,040 (range, 900-5,400) cGY. Overall wound complication rate was 41 percent. Major wound complication rate was 35 percent. Delayed healing was the most common complication (24 percent), followed by infection (10 percent). Radiation therapy increased the risk of any wound complication (47 vs. 23 percent; P = 0.005), risk of a major wound complication (41 vs. 19 percent; P = 0.021), and risk of infection (14 vs. 0 percent; P = 0.015). Risk of wound complications did not correlate with age, gender, disease stage, smoking, or diabetes.']\nQuestion: Does primary perineal wound closure after preoperative radiotherapy and abdominoperineal resection have a high incidence of wound failure?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['To examine the intra- and interexaminer reliability of assessing rotation of teeth on photographed study casts. In addition, the reliability parameters of two examiners scoring in mutual consultation were compared with the reliability parameters by one observer.', 'Standardized photographs of sets of maxillary and mandibular plaster casts of 10 patients before treatment (T1), after treatment (T2), and a long time after retention (T3) were digitized. Tooth rotation was assessed relative to a correct position in the ideal dental arch form. A computer analysis program was used to process the measurements. Two examiners assessed each study cast twice with a washout period of 3 weeks. A third examiner assessed each cast, together with one of the other examiners. The intra- and interexaminer agreements were calculated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to determine significant differences between the intra- and interexaminer reliability coefficients of the three examiners.', 'The ICCs ranged from 0.430 to 0.991. Incisors showed the highest ICCs and molars showed the lowest ICCs. Intraexaminer ICCs of the experienced examiners were significantly higher than those of the examiner with less experience. No significant differences in the reliability between a single examiner and the combination of two examiners were found.']\nQuestion: Does the reliability of assessing rotation of teeth on photographed study cast?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a hematopoietic malignancy derived from immature B-lymphoid and T-lymphoid cells (T-ALL). In T-ALL, there is an early T-cell progenitor (ETP) subgroup that has a very high risk for relapse. In this study, we used mitochondrial BH3 profiling to determine antiapoptotic protein dependencies in T-ALL. We found that T-ALL cell lines and primary patient samples are dependent upon BCL-XL, except when the cancer bears an ETP phenotype, in which case it is BCL-2 dependent. These distinctions directly relate to differential sensitivity to the BH3 mimetics ABT-263 and ABT-199, both in vitro and in vivo. We thus describe for the first time a change of antiapoptotic protein dependence that is related to the differentiation stage of the leukemic clone. Our findings demonstrate that BCL-2 is a clinically relevant target for therapeutic intervention with ABT-199 in ETP-ALL.']\nQuestion: Does maturation stage of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia determine BCL-2 versus BCL-XL dependence and sensitivity to ABT-199?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['To determine whether the risk of hyponatraemia in children with gastroenteritis receiving intravenous (IV) fluids is decreased by the use of 0.9% saline.', 'A prospective randomised study was carried out in a tertiary paediatric hospital. A total of 102 children with gastroenteritis were randomised to receive either 0.9% saline + 2.5% dextrose (NS) or 0.45% saline + 2.5% dextrose (N/2) at a rate determined by their treating physician according to hospital guidelines and clinical judgement. Plasma electrolytes, osmolality, and plasma glucose were measured before (T(0)) and 4 hours after (T(4)) starting IV fluids, and subsequently if clinically indicated. Electrolytes and osmolality were measured in urine samples. Results were analysed according to whether children were hyponatraemic (plasma sodium <135 mmol/l) or normonatraemic at T(0).', 'At T(0), mean (SD) plasma sodium was 135 (3.3) mmol/l (range 124-142), with 37/102 (36%) hyponatraemic. At T(4), mean plasma sodium in children receiving N/2 remained unchanged in those initially hyponatraemic (n = 16), but fell 2.3 (2.2) mmol/l in the normonatraemic group. In contrast, among children receiving NS, mean plasma sodium was 2.4 (2.0) mmol/l higher in those hyponatraemic at baseline (n = 21) and unchanged in the initially normonatraemic children. In 16 children who were still receiving IV fluids at 24 hours, 3/8 receiving N/2 were hyponatraemic compared with 0/8 receiving NS. No child became hypernatraemic.']\nQuestion: Is isotonic better than hypotonic saline for intravenous rehydration of children with gastroenteritis : a prospective randomised study?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Phytophthora cactorum, a hemibiotrophic oomycete pathogen, can cause destructive diseases on numerous crops worldwide, leading to essential economic losses every year. However, little has been known about its molecular pathogenicity mechanisms. To gain insight into its repertoire of effectors, the P. cactorum transcriptome was investigated using Illumina RNA-seq.', 'We first demonstrated an in vitro inoculation method that can be used to mimic natural cyst germination on host plants. Over 28 million cDNA reads were obtained for five life cycle stages (mycelium, sporangium, zoospore, cyst and germinating cyst) and de novo assembled into 21,662 unique genes. By comparisons with 11 public databases, 88.99% of the unique genes were annotated, including 15,845 mapped to the gene models of the annotated relative Phytophthora infestans. Using TribeMCL, 5,538 gene families conserved across P. cactorum and other three completely sequenced Phytophthora pathogen species were determined. In silico analyses revealed that 620 P. cactorum effector homologues including 94 RXLR effector candidates matched known or putative virulence genes in other oomycetes. About half of the RXLR effector candidates were predicted to share a conserved structure unit, termed the WY-domain fold. A subset of the effector genes were checked and validated by PCR amplification. Transcriptional experiments indicated that effector genes were differentially expressed during the life cycle and host infection stages of P. cactorum. Ectopic expression in Nicotiana benthamiana revealed that RXLR, elicitin and NLP effectors can trigger plant cell death. These effectors are highly conserved across oomycete species. Single nucleotide polymorphisms for RXLR effectors were detected in a collection of P. cactorum isolates from different countries and hosts.']\nQuestion: Does transcriptomic analysis of the phytopathogenic oomycete Phytophthora cactorum provide insights into infection-related effectors?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: [\"Raw data from emission scanners contained in ECT sinograms can provide an abundance of information about the position of an object in the camera's field-of-view. Since some cancers can be detected by PET and SPECT which are not seen clearly on mammograms, CT or other scans, sinogram data could potentially be used to guide tumor biopsy. For example, positron-emitting (18F-labeled Fluoro-deoxyglucose) and single-photon emitting (99mTc-labeled-sestamibi) radiopharmaceuticals have been used successfully to detect many types of breast cancer. By utilizing some relatively simple geometric relationships, a sinogram-based method for biopsy of radiopharmaceutical-avid breast masses guided by data from PET and SPECT scanners has been developed and validated in phantom studies.\", 'A pair of projection views from a series of sinograms is used to calculate the position of photon-emitting objects. Calculated positions of spheres ranging in size from 1.6 to 3.4 cm diameters containing 18F and 99mTc were compared with measured positions. By adding a single radioactive fiducial marker, emission-guided biopsy of simulated breast lesions was performed with a specially designed phantom containing photon-emitting spheres 12.7 mm in diameter.', 'Correlation between calculated and measured object coordinates were excellent (R = 1.0, R = 1.0 and R = 0.998; x, y and z coordinates, respectively). The maximum error in localization was +/- 3 mm. One hundred percent (10 of 10) of the attempted biopsies of simulated tumors were successful.']\nQuestion: Does stereotactic coordinate from ECT sinograms for radionuclide-guided breast biopsy?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: [\"According to several experimental studies, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) are involved in the pathogenesis of tissue injury in some systemic vasculitis and glomerulonephritis by stimulating oxygen radical release and secretion of lysosomal enzymes from neutrophilic granulocytes. In our work, we studied the effect of ANCA-positive sera on the ingestion and killing of C. albicans by granulocytes from healthy persons. METHODS AND RESULTS. Neutrophils isolated from the blood of healthy persons were incubated with live C. albicans in ratio 1:1 in the presence of pooled sera (controls) and 10 sera from 8 patients with ANCA-associated diseases: 6x Wegener's granulomatosis, 1x idiopathic rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, 1x rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis concomitantly ANCA and anti-GBM (glomerula bas. membrane) positive. ANCA-positive sera did not influence the ingestion of C. albicans, but strongly inhibited killing of C. albicans (55-80% in comparison to controls). Sera from 2 patients in the time of ANCA-negativization showed lower inhibition (5 and 35%, respectively).\"]\nQuestion: Do [ Serum antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies inhibit the ability of granulocytes to kill C. albicans ]?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['The potential of desflurane to alter respiratory mechanics in the presence of bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) is still a subject of debate. Accordingly, we evaluated the bronchoprotective potential of desflurane compared with sevoflurane following cholinergic lung constriction in rabbits with normal and hyperreactive airways.', 'The input impedance of the respiratory system (Zrs) was measured during midazolam-based anesthesia before and during intravenous infusions of increasing doses of methacholine (MCh). The rabbits in the control group (Group C) were then randomized to receive either sevoflurane 1 MAC followed by desflurane 1 MAC or vice versa, whereas ovalbumin-sensitized rabbits received sevoflurane followed by desflurane (Group S-SD) or vice versa (Group S-DS). Baseline Zrs measurements and the MCh provocations were repeated under the maintenance of each volatile agent. Airway resistance (Raw), tissue damping (G), and elastance data were obtained from Zrs by model fitting.', 'Similar bronchoprotective effects of sevoflurane and desflurane against MCh-induced bronchoconstriction were observed independently of the severity of the bronchospasm and the presence of BHR. With sevoflurane, the decreases in Raw ranged from 22 (8.8)% to 44 (12)%, and with desflurane, they ranged from 22 (8.7)% to 50 (12)%. The increases in G reflecting the enhanced ventilation heterogeneities in the lung periphery were not affected by the volatile agents.']\nQuestion: Do sevoflurane and desflurane protect cholinergic-induced bronchoconstriction of hyperreactive airways in rabbits?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Antiglycative potential of Psidium guajava L. (Myrtaceae) leaves has been established. However, the molecular basis of its antiglycative potential remains unknown.', 'The ethyl acetate fraction of P. guajava leaves (PGEt) was evaluated to determine the cardioprotective effect and its mechanism of action compared to quercetin.', 'After the induction of diabetes by streptozotocin (55\\u2009mg/kg body weight), PGEt and quercetin (50\\u2009mg/kg body weight) was administered for 60 days. Rats were grouped as follows: Group C: Control, Group D: Diabetic, Group D\\u2009+\\u2009E: Diabetic rats treated with PGEt, Group D\\u2009+\\u2009Q: Diabetic rats treated with quercetin. The antiglycative potential was evaluated by assaying glycosylated haemoglobin, serum fructosamine and advanced glycation end product levels. The differential receptor for advanced glycation end products and nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) protein levels was determined by western blot and the transcript level changes of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and TGF-β1 in heart tissue were assessed by RT-PCR analysis.', 'Glycated haemoglobin and serum fructosamine levels were found to be enhanced in diabetic rats when compared with control. Administration of PGEt significantly reduced the glycated haemoglobin and fructosamine levels to a larger extent than quercetin treated diabetic rats. PGEt reduced the translocation of NFκB from cytosol to nucleus when compared with diabetic rats. Expression of TGF-β1, CTGF and BNP was downregulated in PGEt treated groups compared with diabetic controls.']\nQuestion: Does molecular mechanisms of the antiglycative and cardioprotective activities of Psidium guajava leave in the rat diabetic myocardium?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: [\"It has been shown previously that three nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (NOD2) variants (Arg702Trp, Gly908Arg and Lue1007fs) are associated with Crohn's disease (CD), a disorder clinically resembling Behçet's disease (BD). We studied the frequency of these variants in BD patients.\", 'DNA samples of 200 BD patients [59 Caucasians, 139 Middle Easterns (MEs) of Arab descent and 2 Asians] and 520 healthy controls (444 Caucasians and 76 MEs) were genotyped using a Taqman assay.', 'Both the Arg702Trp and Leu1007fs (frameshift) variants were significantly less frequently present among BD patients compared with healthy controls (0.5 vs 5.8%; P < 1.10(-5) and 0.0 vs 1.8%; P < 0.007, respectively). In the Caucasian subpopulation, Arg702Trp was significantly less frequent in the BD group as compared with the controls (P = 0.04); whereas in the ME subpopulation, a trend was observed (P < 0.06).']\nQuestion: Does low prevalence of NOD2 SNPs in Behçet 's disease suggest protective association in Caucasians?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]