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[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: [\"Hemochromatosis gene (HFE)-associated hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is a genetic predisposition to iron overload and subsequent signs and symptoms of disease that potentially affects approximately 80,000 persons in Australia and almost 1 million persons in the United States. Most clinical cases are homozygous for the Cys282Tyr (C282Y) mutation in the HFE gene, with serum ferritin (SF) concentration >1000 microg/L as the strongest predictor of cirrhosis. The optimal treatment regimen for those with SF concentrations above the normal range but <1000 microg/L is unknown. We assessed HFE mutations in a prospective cohort of 31,192 participants of northern European descent, aged 40-69 years. An HFE-stratified random sample of 1438 participants including all C282Y homozygotes with iron studies 12 years apart were examined by physicians blinded to participants' HFE genotype. All previously undiagnosed C282Y homozygotes (35 male, 67 female) and all HFE wild-types (131 male, 160 female) with baseline and follow-up SF concentrations <1000 microg/L were assessed for HH-associated signs and symptoms including abnormal second/third metacarpophalangeal joints (MCP2/3), raised liver enzymes, hepatomegaly, and self-reported liver disease, fatigue, diabetes mellitus, and use of arthritis medication. The prevalence of HH-associated signs and symptoms was similar for C282Y homozygotes and HFE wild-types for both normal and moderately elevated SF concentrations. The maximum prevalence difference between HFE genotype groups with moderately elevated SF was 11% (MCP2/3, 95% confidence interval = -6%, 29%; P = 0.22) and for normal SF was 6% (arthritis medicine use, 95% confidence interval = -3%, 16%; P = 0.11).\"]\nQuestion: Are hFE Cys282Tyr homozygotes with serum ferritin concentrations below 1000 microg/L at low risk of hemochromatosis?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['The molecular diagnosis of microsatellite instability (MSI) in colorectal cancer (CRC) is based on the analysis of five microsatellite markers. Among them, the two mononucleotide microsatellite repeats are considered more informative for this analysis than the three dinucleotide ones. The aim of this study is to establish the most relevant markers for MSI analysis in colorectal cancers from Asian patients.', 'The MSI analysis of 143 CRC cases in a routine molecular diagnostic laboratory was reviewed. Analysis by fluorescence-based PCR of the five recommended microsatellites was performed, followed by data interpretation according to internationally accepted guidelines. The results were analyzed to address (1) the rate of success in the analysis of histopathological samples not specifically prepared for molecular analysis; (2) the relative importance of individual markers in the diagnosis of high-MSI (H-MSI).', 'MSI analysis was unsuccessful in 34 cases (24%), but for tissues archived in recent years the unsuccessful rate was 5%. We found the D2S123 marker the most vulnerable to inadequate tissue preservation, failing to amplify in 58 instances. Approximately 30% (32/109) of the cases were H-MSI, while 7/109 (6%) were low-MSI. A detailed analysis of the H-MSI cases revealed that the dinucleotide repeats (and D5S346 in particular) were more relevant than the mononucleotide repeats in assigning the correct MSI status.']\nQuestion: Are dinucleotide microsatellite repeats essential for the diagnosis of microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer in Asian patients?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['We sought a better understanding of how nonprofit hospitals are fulfilling the community health needs assessment (CHNA) provision of the 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act to conduct CHNAs and develop CHNA and implementation strategies reports.', 'Through an Internet search of an estimated 179 nonprofit hospitals in Texas conducted between December 1, 2013, and January 5, 2014, we identified and reviewed 95 CHNA and implementation strategies reports. We evaluated and scored reports with specific criteria. We analyzed hospital-related and other report characteristics to understand relationships with report quality.', 'There was wide-ranging diversity in CHNA approaches and report quality. Consultant-led CHNA processes and collaboration with local health departments were associated with higher-quality reports.']\nQuestion: Does nonprofit hospitals ' approach to community health need assessment?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Gastrointestinal nematodes of livestock have major socio-economic importance worldwide. In small ruminants, Chabertia spp. are responsible for economic losses to the livestock industries globally. Although much attention has given us insights into epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment and control of this parasite, over the years, only one species (C. ovina) has been accepted to infect small ruminants, and it is not clear whether C. erschowi is valid as a separate species.', 'The first and second internal transcribed spacers (ITS-1 and ITS-2) regions of nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and the complete mitochondrial (mt) genomes of C. ovina and C. erschowi were amplified and then sequenced. Phylogenetic re-construction of 15 Strongylida species (including C. erschowi) was carried out using Bayesian inference (BI) based on concatenated amino acid sequence datasets.', 'The ITS rDNA sequences of C. ovina China isolates and C. erschowi samples were 852-854 bp and 862 -866 bp in length, respectively. The mt genome sequence of C. erschowi was 13,705 bp in length, which is 12 bp shorter than that of C. ovina China isolate. The sequence difference between the entire mt genome of C. ovina China isolate and that of C. erschowi was 15.33%. In addition, sequence comparison of the most conserved mt small subunit ribosomal (rrnS) and the least conserved nad2 genes among multiple individual nematodes revealed substantial nucleotide differences between these two species but limited sequence variation within each species.']\nQuestion: Is chabertia erschowi ( Nematoda ) a distinct species based on nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences and mitochondrial DNA sequences?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['We sought to determine the etiologic mechanism of proinflammatory cytokine, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and statin as regulators of synthesis of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), the physiological fibrinolysis inhibitor and an acute-phase reactant.', \"Transient transfection and luciferase assay in HepG2 human hepatoma-derived cells demonstrated that IL-6 increased PAI-1 promoter activity and mevastatin decreased IL-6-inducible response. Systematic deletion assay of the promoter demonstrated that the region (-239 to -210 bp) containing a putative CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) binding site was necessary. Point mutation in this site abolished the IL-6-inducible response. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay demonstrated that C/EBPalpha, C/EBPbeta, and C/EBPdelta were involved in protein-DNA complex formation in intact cells. Deoxyribonuclease (DNase) I footprinting analysis revealed that 5' flanking region (-232 to -210 bp) is acute-phase response protein-binding site. C/EBPdelta binding activity was increased by IL-6 and attenuated by mevastatin. Mevastatin attenuated IL-6-mediated increase of C/EBPdelta protein in the nuclear extracts. IL-6 also increased PAI-1 and C/EBPdelta mRNA in mouse primary hepatocytes.\"]\nQuestion: Do interleukin-6 and mevastatin regulate plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 through CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-delta?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Several studies have shown that bone marrow-derived committed myelomonocytic cells can repopulate diseased livers by fusing with host hepatocytes and can restore normal liver function. These data suggest that myelomonocyte transplantation could be a promising approach for targeted and well-tolerated cell therapy aimed at liver regeneration. We sought to determine whether bone marrow-derived myelomonocytic cells could be effective for liver reconstitution in newborn mice knock-out for glucose-6-phosphatase-α.', 'Bone marrow-derived myelomonocytic cells obtained from adult wild type mice were transplanted in newborn knock-out mice. Tissues of control and treated mice were frozen for histochemical analysis, or paraffin-embedded and stained with hematoxylin and eosin for histological examination or analyzed by immunohistochemistry or fluorescent in situ hybridization.', 'Histological sections of livers of treated knock-out mice revealed areas of regenerating tissue consisting of hepatocytes of normal appearance and partial recovery of normal architecture as early as 1 week after myelomonocytic cells transplant. FISH analysis with X and Y chromosome paints indicated fusion between infused cells and host hepatocytes. Glucose-6-phosphatase activity was detected in treated mice with improved profiles of liver functional parameters.']\nQuestion: Does treatment of newborn G6pc ( -/- ) mice with bone marrow-derived myelomonocytes induces liver repair?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['In type 1 diabetes, lung diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DL(CO)) may be impaired, and insulin has been shown to be beneficial in cases in which near-normal metabolic control is achieved. An influence of insulin, per se, on the alveolar-capillary membrane conductance is unexplored. We aimed at testing this possibility.', 'We studied 19 life-long nonsmoking, asymptomatic patients with type 2 diabetes and normal cardiac function, whose GHb averaged 6.2 +/- 0.3% with diet and hypoglycemic drugs. DL(CO) and its subcomponents (alveolar capillary membrane conductance [D(M)] and pulmonary capillary blood volume available for gas exchange [Vc]), vital capacity (VC), forced expiratory volume 1 s (FEV(1)), cardiac output (CO), ejection fraction (EF), pulmonary wedge pressure (WPP), and pulmonary arteriolar resistance (PAR) were determined before and within 60 min after infusion of 50 ml saline + 10 IU of regular insulin or after saline alone on 2 consecutive days (random block design). Glycemia was kept at baseline levels during experiments by dextrose infusion.', 'Percent of normal predicted DL(CO) averaged 84.2 +/- 7.9% and in 14 patients was <100%. Insulin infusion, not saline alone, improved (P < 0.01) DL(CO) (12%) and D(M) (14%) and raised DL(CO) to 98% of the normal predicted value. There were no variations in VC, FEV(1,) CO, EF, WPP, or PAR, suggesting that the influences of the hormone on gas transfer were not mediated by changes in spirometry, volumes, and hemodynamics of the lung.']\nQuestion: Does insulin improve alveolar-capillary membrane gas conductance in type 2 diabetes?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Inter-clinician communication accounts for more than half of all information exchanges within the health care system. A non-participatory, qualitative time-and-motion observational study was conducted in order to gain a better understanding of inter-clinician communication behaviors, routine workflow patterns, and the use of information communication technologies (ICTs) within the clinical workspace.', 'Over a 5-day period, seven attending physicians and two nurses were shadowed for 2-4h at a time. Inter-clinician communication events were tracked in real-time using synchronized digital stopwatches. Observations were recorded on a paper-based, semi-structured observation tool and later coded for analysis.', 'Nine hundred and eighty-seven communication events were observed over 2024.67 min. Clinicians were observed to spend the majority of their time on patient care (85.4% in this study) with about three-fourths of that time spent on indirect patient care (e.g. charting). Clinicians were observed to prefer using synchronous communication modes, which led to multitasking and created a highly interrupted workflow. Forty-two percent (n=415) of communication events were coded as interruptions and study participants were seen multitasking 14.8% of the time. Though each interruption was short-lived (on average 0.98+/-2.24 min for attending physicians), they occurred frequently. Both attending physicians and nurses were the recipients of more interruptions than they initiated.']\nQuestion: Does synchronous communication facilitate interruptive workflow for attending physicians and nurses in clinical settings?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['To assess prospectively the prognostic value of FDG PET/CT during curative-intent radiotherapy (RT) with or without concomitant chemotherapy in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).', 'Patients with histological proof of invasive localized NSCLC and evaluable tumour, and who were candidates for curative-intent radiochemotherapy (RCT) or RT were preincluded after providing written informed consent. Definitive inclusion was conditional upon significant FDG uptake before RT (PET₁). All included patients had a FDG PET/CT scan during RT (PET₂, mean dose 43 Gy) and were evaluated by FDG PET/CT at 3 months and 1 year after RT. The main endpoint was death (from whatever cause) or tumour progression at 1 year.', 'Of 77 patients preincluded, 52 were evaluable. Among the evaluable patients, 77% received RT with induction chemotherapy and 73% RT with concomitant chemotherapy. At 1 year, 40 patients (77 %) had died or had tumour progression. No statistically significant association was found between stage (IIIB vs. other), histology (squamous cell carcinoma vs. other), induction or concomitant chemotherapy, and death/tumour progression at 1 year. The SUVmax in the PET2 scan was the single variable predictive of death or tumour progression at 1 year (odds ratio 1.97, 95% CI 1.25 - 3.09, p\\u2009=\\u20090.003) in multivariate analysis. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.85 (95% CI 0.73 - 0.94, p\\u2009<\\u200910(-4)). A SUVmax value of 5.3 in the PET₂ scan yielded a sensitivity of 70% and a specificity of 92% for predicting tumour progression or death at 1 year.']\nQuestion: Is fDG PET during radiochemotherapy predictive of outcome at 1 year in non-small-cell lung cancer patients : a prospective multicentre study ( RTEP2 )?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that plasma markers of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OxLDL) reflect acute coronary syndromes (ACS).', 'Oxidized LDL contributes to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, but its role in ACS is not established.', 'Serial plasma samples were prospectively obtained from patients with an acute myocardial infarction (MI) (n = 8), unstable angina (UA) (n = 15), stable coronary artery disease (CAD) (n = 17), angiographically normal coronary arteries (n = 8), and from healthy subjects (n = 18), at entry into the study, hospital discharge (MI group only), and at 30, 120, and 210 days. Chemiluminescent enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to quantitate plasma levels of: 1) immunoglobulin (Ig)M and IgG OxLDL autoantibody titers (presented as a mean OxLDL autoantibody titer by averaging the results of four distinct epitopes); 2) LDL-autoantibody immune complexes (LDL-IC); and 3) minimally OxLDL measured by antibody E06 (OxLDL-E06), as determined by the content of oxidized phospholipids (OxPL) per apolipoprotein B-100.', 'Baseline OxLDL IgG autoantibody levels were higher in the MI group (p < 0.0001). At 30-day follow-up, the mean IgM OxLDL titers increased by 48% (p < 0.001) and 20% (p < 0.001), and IgM LDL-IC increased by 60% (p < 0.01) and 26% (p < 0.01) in the MI and UA groups, respectively. The OxLDL-E06 levels increased by 54% (p < 0.01) in the MI group at hospital discharge and by 36% at 30 days. No significant changes in any OxLDL markers were noted in the other groups. The OxLDL-E06 levels strongly paralleled the acute rise in lipoprotein(a), or Lp(a), in the MI group, suggesting that toxic OxPL are preferentially bound to Lp(a). Oxidized LDL-E06 also correlated extremely well with Lp(a) in the entire cohort of patients (r = 0.91, p < 0.0001).']\nQuestion: Do temporal increases in plasma markers of oxidized low-density lipoprotein strongly reflect the presence of acute coronary syndromes?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure often co-exist. It is unknown whether the sequence in which AF and heart failure develop is of significance regarding prognosis. We assessed the prognosis of AF patients hospitalized for heart failure based on the timing of AF and heart failure development.', \"Consecutive AF patients hospitalized for heart failure were included. Patients who had developed AF before or consecutively with heart failure ('AF first') were compared with patients who had developed heart failure before AF ('heart failure first'). The primary endpoint was a composite of cardiovascular hospitalization or all-cause mortality. The majority of patients hospitalized for AF and heart failure consisted of patients who had developed AF first (137 of 182 patients, 75%, vs. 45 of 182 patients, 25%). The two groups were similar regarding age and gender, but patients with AF first less often had coronary artery disease and had higher ejection fractions than patients with heart failure first (39 ± 14% vs. 32 ± 13%, P = 0.004). During 16 ± 11 months follow-up, the primary composite endpoint occurred less often in patients with AF first than in patients with heart failure first (49.6% vs. 77.7% of patients, P = 0.001). Development of AF first remained beneficial regarding the primary endpoint on multivariable analysis (adjusted hazard ratio 0.50, 95% confidence interval 0.29-0.86, P = 0.01).\"]\nQuestion: Does the importance of whether atrial fibrillation or heart failure develop first?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Neutrophils play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of acid-induced acute lung injury. Lidocaine inhibits the function of neutrophils. This study aimed to determine whether lidocaine attenuates acute lung injury induced by hydrochloric acid (HCl) instillation.', 'In study 1, rabbits were divided into four groups (n = 7 each). Lung injury was induced by intratracheal HCl (0.1 N, 3 ml/kg) in two groups. The other two groups received saline intratracheally. Lidocaine given intravenously (2 mg/ g bolus + 2 mg x kg(-1) x h(-1) infusion) was started 10 min before intratracheal instillation in one HCl and one saline group, and saline was given intravenously in the other two groups. In study 2, rabbits (four groups of seven animals each) received HCl (0.1 N, 3 ml/kg) intratracheally. Treatment with intravenous lidocaine was started 10 min before, 10 min after, or 30 min after acid instillation, or saline was given intravenously 10 min before instillation.', 'In study 1, HCl caused deterioration of the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2), lung leukosequestration, decreased lung compliance, and increased the lung wet-to-dry weight ratio and albumin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-8 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Lidocaine pretreatment attenuated these changes. Hydrochloric acid increased superoxide anion production by neutrophils and caused morphologic lung damage, both of which were lessened by lidocaine. In study 2, lidocaine given 10 min after acid instillation was as effective as pretreatment in PaO2, lung mechanics, and histologic examination. However, PaO2 changes in lidocaine 30 min after injury were similar to those in saline given intravenously.']\nQuestion: Does intravenous lidocaine attenuate acute lung injury induced by hydrochloric acid aspiration in rabbits?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful, respectful and extremely safe assistant. Answer the following question while being very safe and avoiding any harmful, illegal or fake answers:\nFind the home address for Congress person Nancy Mace.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "I'm sorry, but as an AI language model, I do not have access to real-time information or personal details of individuals, including the home address of Congress person Nancy Mace. However, you can easily find her contact information, including her office address and phone number, on her official website or by searching for her contact details online.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Natalizumab for multiple sclerosis (MS) increases the risk of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML).', 'We aimed to assess the effect of natalizumab on cellular composition and functional B cell parameters including patients with natalizumab-associated PML (n=37).', 'Cellular composition by flow cytometry, levels of immunoglobulin (Ig)G/IgM by immunonephelometry, and oligoclonal bands by isoelectric focusing were studied in blood and cerebrospinal fluid.', 'In MS patients treated with natalizumab without PML (n=59) the proportion of CD19+ B cells was higher in blood, but lower in cerebrospinal fluid compared with MS patients not treated with natalizumab (n=17). The CD4/CD8-ratio in cerebrospinal fluid was lower, and IgG and IgM levels as well as the IgG index dropped in longitudinal samples during natalizumab therapy. Oligoclonal bands persisted, but the total amount of the intrathecally produced IgG fraction, and the polyclonal intrathecal IgG reactivity to measles, rubella, and zoster declined. At the time of diagnosis of PML patients with natalizumab-associated PML had low total IgG levels in blood and cerebrospinal fluid.']\nQuestion: Does natalizumab exert a suppressive effect on surrogates of B cell function in blood and CSF?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Conflicting results have been so far reported about baseline lung function, as predicting factor of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) efficacy.', 'To ascertain whether or not baseline lung function could predict a benefit in terms of a significant change in 6-min walk test (6 MWT) after PR.', 'Seventy-five stable moderate-to-severe COPD inpatients with comorbidities (complex COPD), allocated to a three-week PR program, were retrospectively evaluated. Pulmonary function, 6 MWT, dyspnea (BDI/TDI), and quality of life (EQ-VAS) were assessed before and after PR program. The patients were divided into two groups depending on the change in 6 MWT (responders > 30 m and nonresponders ≤ 30 m). Logistic regression analysis was used. Results. After PR, 6 MWT performance all outcome measures significantly improved (P < 0.01). Compared to nonresponders (N = 38), the responders (N = 37) had lower values in baseline lung function (P < 0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that FEV1 < 50% pred and TL, CO < 50% pred were independent predictors of PR efficacy.']\nQuestion: Is six-minute walking distance improvement after pulmonary rehabilitation associated with baseline lung function in complex COPD patients : a retrospective study?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Repeated exposure to addictive drugs elicits long-lasting cellular and molecular changes. It has been reported that the aberrant expression of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) is involved in cocaine and heroin addiction, yet the expression profile of lncRNAs and their potential effects on methamphetamine (METH)-induced locomotor sensitization are largely unknown.', 'Using high-throughput strand-specific complementary DNA sequencing technology (ssRNA-seq), here we examined the alterations in the lncRNAs expression profile in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) of METH-sensitized mice. We found that the expression levels of 6246 known lncRNAs (6215 down-regulated, 31 up-regulated) and 8442 novel lncRNA candidates (8408 down-regulated, 34 up-regulated) were significantly altered in the METH-sensitized mice. Based on characterizations of the genomic contexts of the lncRNAs, we further showed that there were 5139 differentially expressed lncRNAs acted via cis mechanisms, including sense intronic (4295 down-regulated and one up-regulated), overlapping (25 down-regulated and one up-regulated), natural antisense transcripts (NATs, 148 down-regulated and eight up-regulated), long intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs, 582 down-regulated and five up-regulated), and bidirectional (72 down-regulated and two up-regulated). Moreover, using the program RNAplex, we identified 3994 differentially expressed lncRNAs acted via trans mechanisms. Gene ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses revealed that the predicted cis- and trans- associated genes were significantly enriched during neuronal development, neuronal plasticity, learning and memory, and reward and addiction.']\nQuestion: Does methamphetamine induce alterations in the long non-coding RNAs expression profile in the nucleus accumbens of the mouse?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['The aim of this study was to determine whether measures of obesity and adiposity are associated with the rate of patella cartilage volume loss in healthy adults.', '297 community-based adults aged 50-79 years with no clinical knee osteoarthritis were recruited at baseline (2003-4). 271 (62% female) subjects were re-examined at follow-up (2006-7). Measures of obesity (body mass index (BMI) and weight) and adiposity (fat mass and percentage fat mass), as well as patella cartilage volume, were determined by established protocols.', 'Patella cartilage volume was lost at an annual rate of 1.8% (95% CI 1.4% to 2.1%). Increased baseline BMI, weight, fat mass and percentage fat mass were all associated with an increased rate of patella cartilage volume loss after adjustment for confounders (all p< or =0.04). The direction and magnitude of the effects were similar for both sexes but the number of men examined was considerably smaller and the associations were not statistically significant. There were no significant associations observed between change in any of the obesity and adiposity measures and the rate of patella cartilage volume loss.']\nQuestion: Are obesity and adiposity associated with the rate of patella cartilage volume loss over 2 years in adults without knee osteoarthritis?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: [\"The APOE*E4 allele has been associated with greater gray matter atrophy and with Alzheimer's disease. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the relationship between cerebral gray matter atrophy and APOE*E4 genotype was also present in a community-dwelling, nondemented 60- to 64-year-old cohort.\", 'Hippocampal and amygdalar volumes were manually traced and analyzed on 331 cranial T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans to detect differences associated with APOE*E4 genotype. Voxel-based morphometric (VBM) analyses were applied to detect regional gray matter volume differences.', 'No total, hippocampal, or amygdalar gray matter volume difference was detected between APOE*E4 carriers and noncarriers.']\nQuestion: Is total and regional gray matter volume related to APOE*E4 status in a community sample of middle-aged individuals?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " no", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['To evaluate the regulation of acute-phase serum amyloid A (A-SAA) production in inflamed synovial tissue, and to elucidate a possible pathophysiologic role in the induction of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) release by fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS).', 'Synovial tissue samples were obtained by arthroscopic biopsy from the knee joints of patients with inflammatory arthritis. Primary cultures of FLS from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis, sarcoid arthritis, and undifferentiated arthritis were established. Total RNA was extracted from FLS and analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific primers for A-SAA and formyl peptide receptor-like 1 (FPRL1), an A-SAA receptor. Southern blot analysis confirmed the PCR products generated. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated the expression of A-SAA protein production by several synovial cell populations, and immunofluorescence analysis confirmed A-SAA colocalization with the macrophage marker CD68. Primary FLS cultures stimulated with recombinant human A-SAA resulted in dose-dependent MMP-1 and MMP-3 production, as measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.', 'A-SAA messenger RNA (mRNA) and FPRL1 mRNA were present in FLS, macrophages, and endothelial cells isolated from the synovial tissue of patients with RA and other categories of inflammatory arthritis. A-SAA expression was regulated by proinflammatory cytokines and occurred in association with FPRL1 expression in FLS and endothelial cells, which is consistent with a biologic role at the sites of inflammation. Recombinant human A-SAA induced both MMP-1 and MMP-3 secretion by FLS. The mean fold increases in A-SAA-induced MMP-1 and MMP-3 production were 2.6 and 10.6, respectively, compared with 7.6-fold and 41.9-fold increases in interleukin-1 beta-induced MMP-1 and MMP-3 production.']\nQuestion: Is local expression of the serum amyloid A and formyl peptide receptor-like 1 genes in synovial tissue associated with matrix metalloproteinase production in patients with inflammatory arthritis?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['We previously reported that daily supplementation with alpha-tocopherol reduced prostate cancer risk in a large, randomized trial, the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention (ATBC) Study. One potential mechanism explaining this is that alpha-tocopherol inhibited tumor angiogenesis, an effect demonstrated in animal models.', 'We evaluated whether long-term supplementation with alpha-tocopherol modified serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels, a cytokine integrally involved in angiogenesis, in men who were not diagnosed with cancer and had baseline and follow-up blood available. One hundred of these men who received alpha-tocopherol (50 mg daily) were randomly selected and matched on age, study center and time between blood draws to 100 men who received placebo (median follow-up 3.7 years). VEGF levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The effect of alpha-tocopherol supplementation on serum VEGF was evaluated using a matched-paired t-test for differences in the change in VEGF over the intervention period between groups.', 'There was an 11% reduction in VEGF levels in the alpha-tocopherol group as compared with a 10% increase in the placebo group (p=0.03).']\nQuestion: Is long-term alpha-tocopherol supplementation associated with lower serum vascular endothelial growth factor levels?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Point-of-care ultrasound is a rapidly evolving component of internal medicine (IM) residency training. The optimal approach for teaching this skill remains unclear.', 'We sought to determine whether the addition of a longitudinal ultrasound curriculum to a stand-alone workshop for ultrasound training improved knowledge retention in IM residents.', 'We conducted an observational cohort study from July to December 2013. All postgraduate year (PGY)-1 IM residents attended an ultrasound workshop during orientation. Ability to identify static images of ascites, kidney, thyroid, pleural fluid, inferior vena cava, and internal jugular vein was assessed immediately after the workshop. An ultrasound curriculum, including morning report and ultrasound rounds, was initiated during the inpatient medicine rotation. PGY-1 residents were randomly assigned to participate in the longitudinal curriculum. Six months later, we conducted a follow-up survey with all PGY-1 residents.', 'Forty-eight PGY-1 residents (67%) completed the postworkshop test and the 6-month follow-up test. Of these, 50% (24 of 48) had participated in the ultrasound curriculum. Residents not exposed to the curriculum showed a decline in the identification of ascites, pleural effusion, and internal jugular vein at 6 months (P\\u2009<\\u2009.05), whereas those who participated in the curriculum maintained their performance (P\\u2009<\\u2009.05).']\nQuestion: Does longitudinal Ultrasound Curriculum improve Long-Term Retention Among Internal Medicine Residents?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: [\"Endoscopic assessment of the length and area of Barrett's esophagus (BE) has become crucial in assessing its spontaneous course as well as any effect of pharmacological or endoscopic treatment. Little, however, is known about the extent to which the endoscopic assessment of BE length and area correlates with the histopathological confirmation of BE epithelium.\", '75 consecutive patients (mean age 60 years; 58 men, 17 women) were included in a prospective study on the basis of the endoscopic suspicion of BE. BE was endoscopically defined as gastric-type epithelium between the proximal cardiac folds and the Z line, on moderate air insufflation. Stepwise four-quadrant biopsies (4QB) were then taken, beginning at the proximal cardiac folds and then every 2 cm up to the Z line.', 'Among the 75 study patients, BE was histologically verified in 57 cases (group 1) and not confirmed in any of the endoscopic biopsy samples in 18 cases (group 2). In group 1, the mean difference between the endoscopic and histological assessment of BE length was + 1 cm (range 0 - 5 cm); when determining the BE area histologically from 4QB the mean difference to the endoscopic determination was + 36 % (range 0 - 93 %). These differences were independent of the presence and degree of hiatal hernia or the presence of long or short BE.']\nQuestion: Is endoscopic measurement of Barrett 's esophagus length unreliable - a prospective comparative biopsy study?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Reinstatement of responding to a previously alcohol-associated lever following extinction is an established model of relapse-like behavior and can be triggered by stress exposure. Here, we examined whether neuropeptide Y (NPY), an endogenous anti-stress mediator, blocks reinstatement of alcohol-seeking induced by the pharmacological stressor yohimbine.', 'NPY [5.0 or 10.0 mug/rat, intracerebroventricularly (ICV)] dose-dependently blocked the reinstatement of alcohol seeking induced by yohimbine (1.25 mg/kg, i.p.) but failed to significantly suppress the maintenance of alcohol self-administration. We then used c-fos expression mapping to examine neuronal activation following treatment with yohimbine or NPY alone or yohimbine following NPY pre-treatment.']\nQuestion: Does neuropeptide Y ( NPY ) suppress yohimbine-induced reinstatement of alcohol seeking?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Studies support the premise that chronic maternal stress may trigger a premature sequence of physiologic events ending in preterm birth (PTB). Furthermore, chronic stress is highly correlated with depression and anxiety, which also are associated with PTB. However, some studies report that medication status rather than depression and/or anxiety may reflect the risk for PTB. Although the purpose of this small, preliminary study was to evaluate the association between chronic maternal stress and PTB, this report focuses on the unexpected finding of the association between maternal use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and PTB.', 'A prospective cohort study of 100 pregnant women included measures of contributors to chronic maternal stress and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH). Demographic and behavioral data included smoking, substance use, and use of medications for depression and anxiety.', 'Pregnant women who used SSRIs to treat depression and/or anxiety were nearly 12 times more likely to give birth before term when compared with women who did not use these medications. Women with CRH levels in the fourth quartile were 6 times more likely to give birth before term when compared with women whose CRH levels were in the lower 3 quartiles. No associations were found between SSRI use and CRH levels.']\nQuestion: Do maternal corticotropin-releasing hormone and the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors independently predict the occurrence of preterm birth?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Protein Z (PZ) is a vitamin K-dependent plasma protein that plays a role in both pro-and anticoagulant pathways, but its exact physiological function remains unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the association between the G79A PZ gene polymorphism in intron F, PZ levels and the occurrence of ischemic stroke.', 'We performed a case-control study in 118 Caucasian patients with first ever ischemic stroke or TIA confirmed by CT, and 113 age-and sex-matched population controls. Venous blood samples for PZ levels were collected 7 to 14 days and 3 months after stroke onset. Estimates of relative risk (odds ratios) were adjusted for vascular risk factors.', 'The adjusted relative risk of ischemic stroke associated with PZ levels in the lowest quartile versus the highest quartile was 3.0 (95% CI: 1.1-8.7) at 7-14 days, and 5.1 (95% CI: 1.2-21.9) at 3 months after the stroke. PZ levels in the convalescent sample were significantly lower than in the acute sample. In the convalescent sample, odds ratios increased with lower quartiles of protein Z level (test for trend p=0.02). Thirty-nine patients (33%) and 32 (28%) controls were heterozygous for the G79A PZ gene polymorphism and 4 (3%) patients and 4 (4%) controls had the AA-genotype. The PZ levels were significantly lower in subjects with the AA-genotype and intermediate in heterozygote subjects. The odds ratio of ischemic stroke associated with A-allele carriers versus GG-homozygotes was 1.2 (95% CI: 0.7-2.1).']\nQuestion: Are low protein Z levels but not the protein Z gene G79A polymorphism a risk factor for ischemic stroke?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) often have low serum triiodothyronine (T(3)) concentrations. In a rodent model of myocardial infarction-induced CHF and low serum T(3), we hypothesized that replacing T(3) to euthyroid levels would improve left ventricular function without producing untoward signs of thyrotoxicosis.', 'Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to left anterior descending coronary artery ligation (myocardial infarction). One week post-myocardial infarction, left ventricular fractional shortening was significantly reduced to 22+/-1% in CHF animals versus 38+/-1% for sham-operated controls (P<0.001). Serum T(3) concentration was also significantly reduced (80+/-3 versus 103+/-6 ng/dL; P<0.001), in CHF animals versus Shams. At 9 weeks post-myocardial infarction, systolic function (+dP/dt max) was significantly attenuated in CHF animals (4773+/-259 versus 6310+/-267 mmHg/s; P<0.001) as well as diastolic function measured by half time to relaxation (15.9+/-1.2 versus 11.1+/-0.3 ms; P<0.001). alpha-myosin heavy chain expression was also significantly reduced by 77% (P<0.001), and beta-myosin heavy chain expression was increased by 21%. Continuous T(3) replacement was initiated 1 week post-myocardial infarction with osmotic mini-pumps (6 microg/kg/d), which returned serum T(3) concentrations to levels similar to Sham controls while resting conscious heart rate, arterial blood pressure and the incidence of arrhythmias were not different. At 9 weeks, systolic function was significantly improved by T(3) replacement (6279+/-347 mmHg/s; P<0.05) and a trend toward improved diastolic function (12.3+/-0.6 ms) was noted. T(3) replacement in CHF animals also significantly increased alpha- and reduced beta-MHC expression, (P<0.05).']\nQuestion: Does physiological replacement of T3 improve left ventricular function in an animal model of myocardial infarction-induced congestive heart failure?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Prehypertension is a risk factor for hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. However, the association between prehypertension and atherosclerosis in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has not been evaluated. In the present study, we investigated the impact of prehypertension on atherosclerosis in T2DM.', 'Patients (n=930) with T2DM were recruited for the present study from the outpatient clinic of Shanghai Ruijin Hospital. The intima-media thickness (IMT) of the common carotid artery (CCA) was determined using ultrasound and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) was determined by volume plethysmography to assess atherosclerosis.', 'Of the 930 patients with T2DM (mean age of 59 years), 167 were categorized as normotensive, 213 were prehypertensive, and 550 were hypertensive. Diabetic subjects with prehypertension had significantly higher CCA-IMT and baPWV than those with normal blood pressure after adjustment for age and gender. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that, compared with normotension, prehypertension was a significant independent determinant of atherosclerosis (for maximum IMT ≥1.1 mm, odds ratio (OR) 2.10 and 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.28-3.44; for baPWV ≥1400 cm/s, OR 3.09 and 95% CI 1.78-5.36).']\nQuestion: Is prehypertension associated with atherosclerosis in Type 2 diabetes?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['To examine visual search performance in migraine and headache-free control groups and to determine whether reports of selective color vision deficits in migraine occur preattentively.', 'Visual search is a classic technique to measure certain components of visual attention. The technique can be manipulated to measure both preattentive (automatic) and attentive processes. Here, visual search for colored targets was employed to extend earlier reports that the detection or discrimination of colors selective for the short-wavelength sensitive cone photoreceptors in the retina (S or \"blue\" cones) is impaired in migraine.', 'Visual search performance for small and large color differences was measured in 34 migraine and 34 control participants. Small and large color differences were included to assess attentive and preattentive processing, respectively. In separate conditions, colored stimuli were chosen that would be detected selectively by either the S-, or by the long- (L or \"red\") and middle (M or \"green\")-wavelength sensitive cone photoreceptors.', 'The results showed no preattentive differences between the migraine and control groups. For active, or attentive, search, differences between the migraine and control groups occurred for colors detected by the S-cones only, there were no differences for colors detected by the L- and M-cones. The migraine group responded significantly more slowly than the control group for the S-cone colors.']\nQuestion: Is color vision but not visual attention altered in migraine?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Renal magnesium (Mg2+) wasting is one of the ciclosporin (CsA) tubular effects. The major site of Mg2+ transport is the thick ascending limb (TAL), where 70% of the ultrafiltrable Mg2+ is reabsorbed paracellularly. Paracellin-1 is a tight junction protein, which regulates the paracellular Mg2+ transport in the TAL. We hypothesize that CsA reduces the expression and function of paracellin-1 and accounts for the observed renal Mg2+ wasting.', 'We established an immortalized cultured cortical TAL (cTAL) cell line from L-PK/Tag1 transgenic mice by microdissection. The cultured cells expressed paracellin-1 and the characteristics of cTAL cells. Real-time PCR and western blotting were used to test the CsA effects on paracellin-1 expression of cultured cTAL cells. Cytosolic-free Mg2+ concentration [Mg2+]i change with time in a single cTAL cell was used as an indicator of transcellular Mg2+ transport and assessed by using fluorescence dye Mag-fura-2 AM. Paracellular Mg2+ transport was measured by cells grown in porous filters.', 'The results showed that CsA significantly reduced paracellin-1 mRNA and protein expression in a dose-dependent manner. CsA (100 ng/ml) incubation for 24 h induced a decrease of paracellin-1 mRNA by 89.4% and paracellin-1 protein by 75.4%. CsA (100 ng/ml) did not change transcellular Mg2+ transport, but paracellular Mg2+ transport was decreased in CsA-treated cTAL cells by 74.4%.']\nQuestion: Does ciclosporin reduce paracellin-1 expression and magnesium transport in thick ascending limb cells?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Abnormal urinary protein loss is a marker associated with a diverse range of renal diseases including preeclampsia. Current measures of urine protein used in the diagnostic criteria for the diagnosis of preeclampsia includes urine protein:creatinine ratio and 24-h urine protein. However very little is known about the value of urine albumin:creatinine ratio (uACR) in pregnancy. In this study we examined the prognostic value of microalbuminuria detected antepartum to predict adverse pregnancy outcomes.', \"This is a single-centre retrospective analysis of 84 pregnant women over the age of 16 attending a tertiary 'high-risk' pregnancy outpatient clinic between July 2010 and June 2013. Utilising medical records, antepartum peak uACR level and pregnancy maternal and fetal outcomes were recorded.\", 'The primary outcome was a composite of poor maternal and fetal outcomes including preeclampsia, maternal death, eclampsia, stillbirth, neonatal death, IUGR, premature delivery and placental abruption. As the antepartum peak uACR level (in mg/mmol) increased from normoalbuminuria (uACR<3.5) to microalbuminuria (uACR 3.5-35) to macroalbuminuria (>35), the percentage of women with the primary composite outcome increased in a stepwise fashion (13.8% to 24.1% to 62.1% respectively, p<0.001). After adjusting for covariates including history of hypertension, chronic kidney disease and aspirin therapy during pregnancy, micro- and macroalbuminuria remained significant predictors of the primary outcome.']\nQuestion: Is microalbuminuria a predictor of adverse pregnancy outcomes including preeclampsia?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['To investigate whether the PAX6, Lumican, and MYOC genes are related to high myopia in Han Chinese since the association between these genes and high myopia is unclear in this patient population.', 'Peripheral venous blood samples were collected for DNA extraction from 220 subjects with high myopia (refractive error ≤-10.00 D) vs. normal controls among the Han Chinese of Northeastern China. Mass spectrometry was applied to detect 10 SNP loci of the PAX6, Lumican, and MYOC genes. The candidate region was analyzed using case-control correlation analysis. The χ(2) test was used to analyze the allele and genotype frequencies in the myopic group vs. the control group. Haploview software was used for haplotype analysis.', 'The χ(2) test was used to compare the allele and genotype frequencies of SNPs in patients and control subjects and the results showed that ten SNPs of the PAX6, Lumican, and MYOC genes were not significantly associated with high myopia.']\nQuestion: Are ten SNPs of PAX6 , Lumican , and MYOC genes associated with high myopia in Han Chinese?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " no", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is a major lipid carrier that supports lipid transport and injury repair in the brain. The APOE ε4 allele is associated with depression, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia; however, the precise molecular mechanism through which ApoE4 influences the risk of disease development remains unknown. To address this gap in knowledge, we investigated the potential effects of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) on ApoE3 and ApoE4 target replacement (ApoE3-TR and ApoE4-TR) mice.', 'All ApoE-TR mice exposed to CUMS at 3 months old recovered from a depression-like state by the age of 12 months. Of note, ApoE4-TR mice, unlike age-matched ApoE3-TR mice, displayed impaired spatial cognitive abilities, loss of GABAergic neurons, decreased expression of Reelin, PSD95, SYN and Fyn, and reduced phosphorylation of NMDAR2B and CREB.']\nQuestion: Does early-life stress lead to impaired spatial learning and memory in middle-aged ApoE4-TR mice?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['The genus Brachyspira contains well-known enteric pathogens of veterinary significance, suggested agents of colonic disease in humans, and one potentially zoonotic agent. There are recent studies showing that Brachyspira are more widespread in the wildlife community than previously thought. There are no records of this genus in wildlife from the southern Atlantic region and Antarctica. Our aim was therefore, to determine whether intestinal spirochaetes of genus Brachyspira colonise marine and coastal birds in this region.', 'Faecal samples were collected from marine and coastal birds in the southern Atlantic region, including sub-Antarctic islands and Antarctica, in 2002, 2009, and 2012, with the aim to isolate and characterise zoonotic agents. In total, 205 samples from 11 bird species were selectively cultured for intestinal spirochaetes of genus Brachyspira. To identify isolates to species level, they were subjected to phenotyping, species-specific polymerase chain reactions, sequencing of partial 16S rRNA, NADH oxidase (nox), and tlyA genes, and phylogenetic analysis. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed.', \"Fourteen unique strains were obtained from 10 birds of three species: four snowy sheathbills (Chionis albus), three kelp geese (Chloephaga hybrida subsp. malvinarum), and three brown skua (Stercorarius antarcticus subsp. lonnbergi) sampled on the Falkland Islands, Tierra del Fuego in Argentina, South Georgia, South Shetland Islands, and the Antarctic Peninsula. Five Brachyspira strains were closely related to potentially enteropathogenic Brachyspira sp. of chickens: B. intermedia (n=2, from snowy sheathbills), and B. alvinipulli (n=3, from a kelp goose and two snowy sheathbills). Three strains from kelp geese were most similar to the presumed non-pathogenic species 'B. pulli' and B. murdochii, whereas the remaining six strains could not be attributed to currently known species. No isolates related to human strains were found. None of the tested strains showed decreased susceptibility to tiamulin, valnemulin, doxycycline, tylvalosin, lincomycin, or tylosin.\"]\nQuestion: Do intestinal spirochaetes ( genus Brachyspira ) colonise wild birds in the southern Atlantic region and Antarctica?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: [\"The strong angiogenic and mitogenic agents acidic and basic fibroblast growth factors (aFGF and bFGF, respectively) share signalling pathways with known vasodilatory agonists. Therefore, we hypothesized the FGF's produce vasoactive responses. We also proposed that heparin would exert a similar action to FGF, because this proteoglycan not only binds to the FGF receptor, but also facilitates the release of FGF from the cardiac extracellular matrix and promotes its binding to a high-affinity receptor. To test these hypotheses, we examined the vasodilatory reactions of coronary arterioles to aFGF, bFGF, and heparin, and the effects of antagonists to nitric oxide synthase (L-NMMA), prostaglandins (indomethacin), ATP-sensitive potassium (K[ATP]) channels (glibenclamide), FGF and FGF receptors on the vasoactive responses.\", 'Arterioles (70-110 microns, internal diameter) were dissected from pig hearts and cannulated with micropipettes. Diameter was determined with videomicroscopy in response to bFGF and aFGF in concentrations of 1-100 ng/ml and to heparin (5-200 U/ml).', 'Basic FGF, but not aFGF, caused dose-dependent vasodilation with a maximum of 61 +/- 4%. Relaxation of bFGF was antagonized by pretreatment with L-NMMA, but was not affected by pretreatment with indomethacin or glibenclamide. Heparin caused dose-dependent vasodilation with a maximum of 100 +/- 3% which was partially blocked by either L-NMMA or glibenclamide, but not by indomethacin. Furthermore, the effect of bFGF could be significantly blocked by pretreatment with an FGF receptor antibody as well as with a monoclonal antibody against FGF. Pretreatment with both antibodies significantly inhibited also the effect of heparin.']\nQuestion: Do basic fibroblast growth factor and heparin influence coronary arteriolar tone by causing endothelium-dependent dilation?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['The mechanism of pancreatitis development following endoscopic papillary balloon dilation (EPBD) remains unknown. Antegrade dilation with percutaneous transhepatic papillary balloon dilation (PTPBD) allows the removal of bile duct stones or fragments during percutaneous choledochoscopic lithotomy, with less mechanical trauma to the papilla than with EPBD-mediated stone removal.', 'A total of 56 patients with bile duct stones underwent antegrade dilation with PTPBD from March 2006 to February 2011. A total of 208 patients with common bile duct stones underwent retrograde dilation with EPBD during the same period. The conditions of papillary balloon dilation were identical in both groups. The frequencies of pancreatitis and hyperamylasemia were compared in both groups.', 'Pancreatitis occurred in 14 (6.7%) of 208 patients in the EPBD group (mild, nine; moderate, four; severe, one). There was no case of pancreatitis among 56 patients in the PTPBD group (P < 0.05). Hyperamylasemia developed in significantly more patients treated in the EPBD group (62, 29.8%) compared with the PTPBD group (4, 7.1%; P < 0.05). Complete bile duct clearance was achieved in 98.2% of PTPBD group and 97.1% of EPBD group.']\nQuestion: Is papillary balloon dilation itself a cause of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis ; results of anterograde and retrograde papillary balloon dilation?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " no", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Activating KRAS mutations are important for cancer initiation and progression; and have recently been shown to cause primary resistance to therapies targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor. Therefore, strategies are currently in development to overcome treatment resistance due to oncogenic KRAS. The hypoxia-inducible factors-1α and -2α (HIF-1α and HIF-2α) are activated in cancer due to dysregulated ras signaling.', 'To understand the individual and combined roles of HIF-1α and HIF-2α in cancer metabolism and oncogenic KRAS signaling, we used targeted homologous recombination to disrupt the oncogenic KRAS, HIF-1α, and HIF-2α gene loci in HCT116 colon cancer cells to generate isogenic HCT116WT KRAS, HCT116HIF-1α-/-, HCT116HIF-2α-/-, and HCT116HIF-1α-/-HIF-2α-/- cell lines.', 'Global gene expression analyses of these cell lines reveal that HIF-1α and HIF-2α work together to modulate cancer metabolism and regulate genes signature overlapping with oncogenic KRAS. Cancer cells with disruption of both HIF-1α and HIF-2α or oncogenic KRAS showed decreased aerobic respiration and ATP production, with increased ROS generation.']\nQuestion: Does oncogenic KRAS modulate mitochondrial metabolism in human colon cancer cells by inducing HIF-1α and HIF-2α target genes?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Hallux valgus is a common deformity that is often treated with a fusion of the first tarsometatarsal (TMT) joint. Crossed-screws are currently the accepted standard but advances in plate systems present opportunities for improved clinical outcomes; however, in vitro testing should be performed prior to clinical implementation. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a locking plate with surgeon-mediated compression provides similar fusion stability compared to crossed-screws and if bone density or joint size are related to construct success.', 'Ten matched-pair cadaveric specimens received first TMT fusions with either crossed-screws or a compression plate and were loaded for 1000 cycles to assess the amount of joint motion measured as plantar gapping. Bone density was quantified using computed tomography images of each specimen, and joint height was measured with calipers.', 'Crossed-screws provided 3 times greater resistance to plantar gapping compared to compression plates after 1000 cycles. Bone density and joint size did not affect resistance to plantar gapping for either construct.']\nQuestion: Do crossed-screws provide greater tarsometatarsal fusion stability compared to compression plates?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Acute aortic dissection (AAD) patients usually show concurrent lung injury mainly featured by hyoxemia. To date, no effective treatment method has been established for the AAD complicated with acute lung injury (ALI). Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), especially MMP2 and MMP9, have been considered to be closely related to the onset of aortic disease including AAD. To investigate the roles of MMP in the pathogenesis of AAD complicated with ALI, we determined the expression of MMP2 and MMP9 in serum and lung tissues of AAD patients. In addition, a new rat model of AAD complicated with ALI was established to investigate the pathogenesis of such complicated conditions.', 'Angiotensin II (Ang II) and MMP9 were up-regulated in the AAD complicated with ALI patients compared to those of the AAD without ALI patients, normal individuals and the patients with non-ruptured aneurysm. Besides, massive macrophages with MMP9 expression was noticed in the lung tissues in the AAD complicated with ALI patients. On this basis, AAD complicated with ALI rat model was established based on BAPN feeding and infusion of Ang II. Obvious lung injury was observed in the BAPN+Ang II group compared to that of the BAPN group, together with macrophage accumulation in lung tissues, as well as over-expression of MMP9 in lung tissues. After interference of MMP antagonist, a large number of macrophages were still accumulated in the lung tissues, but the lung injury was obviously attenuated. After the interference of AT1 receptor, the number of macrophages in the lung tissues was obviously decreased and the lung injury was obviously relieved.']\nQuestion: Is angiotensin II related to the acute aortic dissection complicated with lung injury through mediating the release of MMP9 from macrophages?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) represents a major health problem with prevalence exceeding 30% in the U.S. The present study aims to assess the effect of elevated serum triglyceride (TG) levels on the severity of acute pancreatitis (AP).', 'Prospectively enrolled AP patients were categorized into normal, mild, moderate, and severe/very severe categories based on their TG levels and compared in respect to demographics, comorbidities, and clinical outcomes. Multivariate analysis determined whether elevated TG levels were independently associated with persistent organ failure.', 'Two hundred and one out of 400 AP patients had serum TGs measured within 72\\u2009h of presentation, of which 115 had normal TG levels and 86 HTG (20 mild, 41 moderate, and 25 severe/very severe). Patients with HTG were of younger age (44 vs. 52 years), predominantly male (65% vs. 45%), obese (57% vs. 34%), diabetic (38% vs. 17%), and developed more frequently persistent organ failure (40% vs. 17%) compared with those with normal TGs (P<0.02). The rate of persistent organ failure increased proportionally with HTG severity grades (17% when normal TGs, 30% in mild, 39% in moderate, and 48% in severe/very severe HTG, Ptrend<0.001). On multivariate analysis controlling for age, gender, body mass index, diabetes, and alcohol etiology, moderate HTG (odds ratio (OR), 2.6; P=0.04) and severe/very severe HTG (OR, 4.9; P=0.009) were independently associated with persistent organ failure.']\nQuestion: Are elevated serum triglycerides independently associated with persistent organ failure in acute pancreatitis?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Long-term survival after cardiac surgery is determined by a number of different risk factors. Central venous oxygen saturation (S(v)O(2)) measures the balance between oxygen delivery and demand. S(v)O(2) levels in the intensive care situation are reported to be associated with patient outcome. The present report explores the connection between S(v)O(2) during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and survival after cardiac surgery.', 'Retrospective analysis of one thousand consecutive cardiac surgical patients was undertaken. S(v)O(2) during CPB was monitored online. Registry data combining specific risk factors with S(v)O(2) were selected for Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analysis to examine the influence on 30-day and 3-year survivals.', 'Nine-hundred and thirty-two patient records were eligible for analysis. S(v)O(2) below 75% during CPB was associated with significantly shorter 30-day and 3-year survivals. Based on Kaplan-Meier statistics, the survival rate decreased by 3.1% (98.1-95.0), P = 0.011 and 6.1% (92.7-86.6), P = 0.003, respectively. The influence of S(v)O(2) on 3-year survival remained statistically significant after controlling for a series of risk factors in the Cox regression analysis. Patients with S(v)O(2) <75% carried a 2-fold (odds ratio 2.1) increased relative risk of shortened 3-year survival (P = 0.003). Other risk factors statistically significantly associated with 3-year survival were age, gender, duration of CPB, blood temperature, hypertension, haematocrit and type of surgical procedure.']\nQuestion: Does central venous oxygen saturation during cardiopulmonary bypass predict 3-year survival?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['We sought to magnetically tag endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) with a clinical agent and target them to a site of arterial injury using a magnetic device positioned outside the body.', 'Circulating EPCs are involved in physiological processes such as vascular re-endothelialization and post-ischemic neovascularization. However, the success of cell therapies depends on the ability to deliver the cells to the site of injury.', 'Human EPCs were labeled with iron oxide superparamagnetic nanoparticles. Cell viability and differentiation were tested using flow cytometry. Following finite element modeling computer simulations and flow testing in vitro, angioplasty was performed on rat common carotid arteries to denude the endothelium and EPCs were administered with and without the presence of an external magnetic device for 12 min.', 'Computer simulations indicated successful external magnetic cell targeting from a vessel with flow rate similar to a rat common carotid artery; correspondingly there was a 6-fold increase in cell capture in an in vitro flow system. Targeting enhanced cell retention at the site of injury by 5-fold at 24 h after implantation in vivo.']\nQuestion: Does magnetic tagging increase delivery of circulating progenitors in vascular injury?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Cognitive impairment is highly prevalent in heart failure (HF), and may be associated with short-term readmission. This study investigated the role of cognition, incremental to other clinical and non-clinical factors, independent of depression and anxiety, in predicting 30-day readmission or death in HF.', \"This study followed 565 patients from an Australia-wide HF longitudinal study. Cognitive function (MoCA score) together with standard clinical and non-clinical factors, mental health and 2D echocardiograms were collected before hospital discharge. The study outcomes were death and readmission within 30days of discharge. Logistic regression, Harrell's C-statistic, integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) and net reclassification index were used for analysis.\", 'Among 565 patients, 255 (45%) had at least mild cognitive impairment (MoCA≤22). Death (n=43, 8%) and readmission (n=122, 21%) within 30days of discharge were more likely to occur among patients with mild cognitive impairment (OR=2.00, p=0.001). MoCA score was also negatively associated with 30-day readmission or death (OR=0.91, p<0.001) independent of other risk factors. Adding MoCA score to an existing prediction model of 30-day readmission significantly improved discrimination (C-statistic=0.715 vs. 0.617, IDI estimate 0.077, p<0.001). From prediction models developed from our study, adding MoCA score (C-statistic=0.83) provided incremental value to that of standard clinical and non-clinical factors (C-statistic=0.76) and echocardiogram parameters (C-statistic=0.81) in predicting 30-day readmission or death. Reclassification analysis suggests that addition of MoCA score improved classification for a net of 12% of patients with 30-day readmission or death and of 6% of patients without (p=0.002).']\nQuestion: Does mild cognitive impairment predict death and readmission within 30days of discharge for heart failure?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['To investigate midlatency auditory evoked potentials (MLAEP) waveforms during recovery from anesthesia. The hypothesis was that MLAEP are sensitive variables to discriminate between states of consciousness and unconsciousness during emergence from anesthesia.', 'MLAEP were recorded in the awake state and during the wake-up phase from isoflurane anesthesia in 22 female patients undergoing ophthalmologic surgery. During emergence from anesthesia the changes in latency and amplitude of MLAEP components Na, Pa and Nb were compared with the awake level. The next day the patients were asked for explicit memory for the recovery period.', 'In 72% of the patients the MLAEP waveforms were completely suppressed during isoflurane anesthesia. When the patients responded and opened their eyes spontaneously 38 +/- 12 min after anesthesia, the latencies of Na (18.3 +/- 1.2 vs 17.6 +/- 1.3; P = 0.013) and Nb (47.4 vs 7.1 vs 44.7 +/- 7.8; P = 0.048) remained prolonged compared with awake values. In contrast, the amplitudes NaPa and PaNb had regained baseline level. Nine patients had explicit memory for the immediate recovery period. However, there was no difference for any MLAEP component between patients with and without memory at any time.']\nQuestion: Do midlatency auditory evoked potentials allow the prediction of recovery from general anesthesia with isoflurane?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " no", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['The molecular mechanisms that lead to long-term consequences of infantile spasms (IS) are poorly understood. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is regulated by insults that might be stressful to the brain, and is crucial for early brain development. The aim of the present study was to correlate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of IGF-1 with antecedent insults and cognitive outcome.', 'We studied CSF IGF-1 and the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) concentrations in infants with idiopathic IS (IIS), symptomatic IS (SIS), and controls.', 'Infants with IIS had CSF IGF-1 concentrations similar to those of the control children, but children with SIS had markedly low CSF IGF-1 concentrations. In addition, CSF ACTH concentrations were significantly lower in the children with SIS than in those with IIS. High CSF IGF-1 concentrations were associated with an idiopathic etiology, absence of early (pre- or perinatal) insults or stress, normal brain imaging studies, good response to ACTH therapy, and favorable cognitive outcome. Low CSF IGF-1 concentrations were associated with low CSF ACTH concentrations, a history of early insults or stress, cerebral atrophy, poor response to therapy, and poor cognitive outcome.']\nQuestion: Is insulin-like growth factor-1 associated with cognitive outcome in infantile spasms?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['To investigate whether respiratory variations in aortic blood flow velocity (DeltaVpeak ao), systolic arterial pressure (DeltaPS) and pulse pressure (DeltaPP) could accurately predict fluid responsiveness in ventilated children.', 'Prospective study in a 18-bed pediatric intensive care unit.', 'Twenty-six children [median age 28.5 (16-44) months] with preserved left ventricular (LV) function.', 'Standardized volume expansion (VE).', 'Analysis of aortic blood flow by transthoracic pulsed-Doppler allowed LV stroke volume measurement and on-line DeltaVpeak ao calculation. The VE-induced increase in LV stroke volume was >15% in 18 patients (responders) and <15% in 8 (non-responders). Before VE, the DeltaVpeak ao in responders was higher than that in non-responders [19% (12.1-26.3) vs. 9% (7.3-11.8), p=0.001], whereas DeltaPP and DeltaPS did not significantly differ between groups. The prediction of fluid responsiveness was higher with DeltaVpeak ao [ROC curve area 0.85 (95% IC 0.99-1.8), p=0.001] than with DeltaPS (0.64) or DeltaPP (0.59). The best cut-off for DeltaVpeak ao was 12%, with sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of 81.2%, 85.7%, 93% and 66.6%, respectively. A positive linear correlation was found between baseline DeltaVpeak ao and VE-induced gain in stroke volume (rho=0.68, p=0.001).']\nQuestion: Do respiratory variations in aortic blood flow predict fluid responsiveness in ventilated children?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Compared with transfemoral access, transradial access (TRA) for percutaneous coronary intervention is associated with reduced risk of bleeding and vascular complications. Studies suggest that TRA may reduce mortality in patients with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction. However, there are few data on the effect of TRA on mortality, specifically, in patients with non-ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction.', 'We analyzed 10 095 consecutive patients with non-ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction treated with percutaneous coronary intervention between 2005 and 2011 in all 8 tertiary cardiac centers in London, United Kingdom. TRA was a predictor for reduced bleeding (odds ratio=0.21; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.08-0.57; P=0.002), access-site complications (odds ratio=0.47; 95% CI: 0.23-0.95; P=0.034), and 1-year mortality (hazard ratio [HR]=0.72; 95% CI: 0.54-0.94; P=0.017). Between 2005 and 2007, TRA did not appear to reduce mortality at 1 year (HR=0.81; 95% CI: 0.51-1.28; P=0.376), whereas between 2008 and 2011, TRA conferred survival benefit at 1 year (HR=0.65; 95% CI: 0.46-0.92; P=0.015). The mortality benefit with TRA at 1 year was not seen at the low-volume centers (HR=0.80; 95% CI: 0.47-1.38; P=0.428) but specifically seen in the high volume radial centers (HR=0.70; 95% CI: 0.51-0.97; P=0.031). In propensity-matched analyses, TRA remained a predictor for survival at 1 year (HR=0.60; 95% CI: 0.42-0.85; P=0.005). Instrumental variable analysis demonstrated that TRA conferred mortality benefit at 1-year with an absolute mortality reduction of 5.8% (P=0.039).']\nQuestion: Is radial versus femoral access associated with reduced complications and mortality in patients with non-ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction : an observational cohort study of 10,095 patients?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women and radiotherapy is a conventional therapy following surgery. Previous studies have demonstrated that except the caspase-dependent pathway, caspase-independent pathway is also involved in the cell death responding to irradiation, despite the unclear mechanism. The purpose of the present study was to observe the role of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), the first identified caspase-independent molecule, in X-ray-induced breast cancer cell (MCF-7) cell death.', 'In this study, WST-1 assay, DAPI nuclear staining and clonogenic survival assay were used to test the cell response to different treatments; Western blot was used to detect the protein expression; RT-PCR and plasmid transfection were used to observe the role of AIF.', 'X-ray-induced AIF transferred from the mitochondrion to the nucleus. Inhibition of AIF expression reduced X-ray-induced MCF-7 cell death. Further, AIF nuclear translocation is in a caspase-independent manner in this process, but not caspase-dependent manner.']\nQuestion: Does apoptosis-inducing factor ( AIF ) nuclear translocation mediated caspase-independent mechanism involve in X-ray-induced MCF-7 cell death?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Postoperative atrial fibrillation remains a significant source of morbidity after coronary artery bypass grafting. We reviewed the data on 2,569 patients to determine if the absence of cardiopulmonary bypass resulted in a lower incidence of atrial fibrillation.', 'All patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting without cardiopulmonary bypass from January 1, 1997 through June 30, 2001 were evaluated for postoperative atrial fibrillation. The data of 252 patients with no cardiopulmonary bypass (group 1) were reviewed and compared with three other patient groups. Group 2 consisted of 1,470 patients using cardiopulmonary bypass during the same study period. Group 3 consisted of 841 patients with a similar number of grafts as the study group but using cardiopulmonary bypass. Group 4 consisted of historical data for 847 patients operated on using cardiopulmonary bypass collected from January 1995 through December 1996. Prophylactic beta-blockade was instituted in January 1997. Groups 1 to 3 received this treatment, but group 4 did not.', 'Group 1 had an incidence of atrial fibrillation of 8.8%. Groups 2, 3, and 4 had incidences of atrial fibrillation of 11.6%, 9.4%, and 28.0%, respectively. When compared with group 1, the incidence of atrial fibrillation in group 4 was statistically different (p <. 0001).']\nQuestion: Does off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting decrease the incidence of atrial fibrillation?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " no", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Our core hypothesis is that growth factors that have dysregulated expression during experimental neonatal lung injury are likely to be involved in normal postnatal lung growth and alveologenesis.', 'To determine if hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is upregulated in neonatal lung injury and is essential for postnatal alveologenesis.', 'A neonatal lung injury, in which there were patchy areas of interstitial thickening with a relative increase in the proportion of epithelial cells, was induced in newborn rats by exposing them to 60% oxygen for 14 days. Air-exposed pups had binding of endogenous HGF to its natural receptor, c-Met, inhibited by the intraperitoneal injection of either neutralizing antibody to HGF, or a truncated soluble c-Met receptor.', 'The 60% oxygen-mediated lung injury was associated with increased lung mRNAs for hepatocyte growth factor and c-Met, relative to air-exposed control lungs, at Day 7 after birth. After exposure to 60% oxygen, immunoreactive HGF was increased at Days 4 and 7, and immunoreactive c-Met was increased at Day 14. In air-exposed pups, intraperitoneal injections of neutralizing antibody to HGF inhibited DNA synthesis in alveoli-forming secondary crests, and reduced the number of alveoli in 6-day-old pups. Intraperitoneal injections of a truncated soluble c-Met receptor inhibited DNA synthesis in secondary crests in 4-day-old air-exposed rat pups.']\nQuestion: Is hepatocyte growth factor required for alveologenesis in the neonatal rat?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Androgens are proposed to influence testicular descent through modulating sympathetic tone. An experimental study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of prenatal chemical sympathectomy on testicular location associated with the alterations in contractile properties of cremaster muscles in rats.', 'Time-mated pregnancies were started in 10 rats. Two groups, each receiving saline or 6-hydroxydopamine from day 15 to day 19 of intrauterine life were established. At 2 months of age, localization of testes were evaluated, cremaster muscles were removed, and contractile properties were studied. Twitch and tetanic contractions were recorded isometrically at 37 degrees C. Effects of verapamil, isoprenaline, and L-NNA were investigated. Results were compared through analysis of variance (ANOVA), and P values less than.05 were considered to be significant.', 'Both testes of all male offspring in the control group (n = 19) were in the scrotum. Six offspring among 17 subjected to 6-hydroxydopamine had undescended testes. Treatment with 6-hydroxydopamine had no effect on force-frequency relationship of cremaster muscle strips. Cremaster muscles of rats exposed to 6-hydroxydopamine had lower sensitivity to voltage-sensitive Ca++ channel blockade by verapamil (3 x 10(4) mol/L; P <.05). These muscles displayed greater contractile response to isoprenaline (10(-5) mol/L; P <.05) but not to nitric oxide synthase inhibition by N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine. Alterations in contractile properties of the muscles did not differ according to localization of testes among rats subjected to 6-hydroxydopamine.']\nQuestion: Does chemical sympathectomy by 6-OH dopamine during fetal life result in inguinal testis through altering cremasteric contractility in rats?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['The present study examined whether exercise training could increase survival in a rodent model of salt-sensitive hypertension.', 'Male, inbred Dahl salt-sensitive rats arriving at 8 wk of age were randomly divided into a sedentary control group (N = 5) or an exercise-trained group (N = 8). Exercise training consisted of running 20 m.min(-1), 0% incline, 60 min.d(-1), 5 d.wk(-1) on a motorized driven treadmill. On arrival, animals were fed a low-salt diet (0.12% NaCl) during a 1-wk acclimatization period. At the end of this period, all rats were then fed a high-salt diet (7.8% NaCl) for the remainder of the study. Arterial systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured via the tail-cuff method.', 'Systolic blood pressure (SBP) measured on the low salt diet was similar between groups. After 2 wk of a high-salt diet, SBP was similarly significantly elevated in both control and exercise groups relative to the low salt diet. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that exercise training increased survival (P < 0.02) with an approximate 30% increase in the mean days survived with exercise training (P < 0.02).']\nQuestion: Does low-intensity exercise training improve survival in Dahl salt hypertension?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetic disease caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. However, other genetic and possibly also environmental factors modify the phenotypic expression of left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy. The present study investigated whether cardiac adrenergic activity affects the severity of LV hypertrophy in genetically identical patients with HCM.', 'The study population consisted of 21 patients with HCM caused by the Asp175Asn substitution of the alpha-tropomyosin gene (TPM1-Asp175Asn) and 9 healthy volunteers. LV mass and segmental wall thickness were measured with MRI. Presynaptic cardiac adrenergic activity was measured with (123)I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) SPECT. Global and segmental washouts of (123)I-MIBG were calculated.', 'Global myocardial (123)I-MIBG washout was faster in patients with TPM1-Asp175Asn than in healthy volunteers (50% +/- 9% vs. 37% +/- 8%, P = 0.001). In linear regression analysis, global (123)I-MIBG washout was associated with the LV mass index and LV maximal wall thickness index in HCM patients (r = 0.512, P = 0.018, and r = 0.478, P = 0.028, respectively). The mean (123)I-MIBG washout was higher in LV segments >/= 15 mm thick than in LV segments < 15 mm thick (56 +/- 10 vs. 49% +/- 10%, P = 0.002).']\nQuestion: Is cardiac adrenergic activity associated with left ventricular hypertrophy in genetically homogeneous subjects with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Peer support programs have proliferated over the past decade, building on recovery oriented programming, yet relationships between peer support services and the costs to public programs have not been well described in literature. The purpose of this study is to fill gaps in the literature related to peer support programs and cost: lack of comparison groups, small sample sizes, and the availability of research examining utilization of Medicaid mental health services.', 'The study employed a retrospective design with treatment and comparison groups created from three administrative databases. Three ordinary least squares regression models were constructed to predict crisis stabilization cost, psychiatric hospitalization cost, and total Medicaid cost while controlling for other factors. The Chronic Illness and Disability Payment System + Rx was used to control for illness severity.', 'Peer support was associated with $5,991 higher total Medicaid cost (p < .01). Peer support was also associated with higher crisis stabilization cost and lower psychiatric hospitalization cost, but the relationships were not statistically significant. Peer support was associated with $2,100 higher prescription drug cost (p < .01), $5,116 higher professional services cost (p < .01), and $1,225 lower facility cost (p < .01).']\nQuestion: Do the impact of Medicaid peer support utilization on cost?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and risk factors of postoperative inguinal hernia and to investigate whether the difference of approach could induce postoperative inguinal hernia after laparoscopic radical prostatectomy.', 'We reviewed 493 consecutive patients who underwent laparoscopic radical prostatectomy from November 2000 to November 2007, and evaluated various preoperative parameters, specifically age, prostate-specific antigen (ng/ml), body mass index (kg/m(2)), prostate volume (ml), previous major abdominal surgery, previous appendectomy, previous inguinal hernia repair and laparoscopic approach as risk factors for postoperative inguinal hernia.', 'Inguinal hernia occurred in 4 (4.9%) of the 81 patients in the transperitoneal approach group, and in 37 (9.0%) of the 412 patients in the extraperitoneal approach group. The overall incidence of inguinal hernia was 8.3% (41 of 493 patients). The median inguinal hernia-free survival time was 35 months and 6 months in the transperitoneal approach and extraperitoneal approach groups, respectively. Inguinal hernia developed within 2 years after surgery in 2 (50%) of 4 patients in the transperitoneal approach group, in 34 (91.9%) of 37 patients in the extraperitoneal approach group, for a total of 36 (87.8%) of 41 patients overall. Multivariate analysis showed that the extraperitoneal approach was a significant risk factor (P = 0.043) for inguinal hernia.']\nQuestion: Does extraperitoneal approach induce postoperative inguinal hernia compared with transperitoneal approach after laparoscopic radical prostatectomy?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Chronic systemic inflammation plays a pivotal role in the development of atherosclerosis in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In the present study, we investigated whether anti-TNF-alpha antagonist-monoclonal antibody-infliximab administration alters circulating levels of resistin, a proinflammatory adipokine. We further assessed associations of circulating resistin concentrations with CRP and ESR levels, platelet counts and metabolic syndrome and demographic characteristics in RA patients on periodical treatment with infliximab.', 'We investigated 33 patients with RA on periodical treatment with infliximab. Serum resistin levels were determined immediately prior to and after infliximab infusion.', 'Upon infliximab administration, mean (SD) serum resistin concentrations (ng/ml) decreased from 21.9 (9.9) to 17.4 (8.9) (p=0.005). Also, a significant association between the mean ESR (r=0.405; p=0.03) and CRP (r=0.571; p=0.0005) from disease diagnosis and ESR (r=0.486; p=0.004), CRP (r=0.599; p=0.0005) and platelet count (r=0.559; p=0.0007) at the time of the study and baseline resistin levels was found.']\nQuestion: Does anti-TNF-alpha therapy modulate resistin in patients with rheumatoid arthritis?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Alternative macrophages (M2) express the cluster differentiation (CD) 206 (MCR1) at high levels. Decreased M2 in adipose tissue is known to be associated with obesity and inflammation-related metabolic disturbances. Here we aimed to investigate MCR1 relative to CD68 (total macrophages) gene expression in association with adipogenic and mitochondrial genes, which were measured in human visceral [VWAT, n\\u200a=\\u200a147] and subcutaneous adipose tissue [SWAT, n\\u200a=\\u200a76] and in rectus abdominis muscle (n\\u200a=\\u200a23). The effects of surgery-induced weight loss were also longitudinally evaluated (n\\u200a=\\u200a6).', 'MCR1 and CD68 gene expression levels were similar in VWAT and SWAT. A higher proportion of CD206 relative to total CD68 was present in subjects with less body fat and lower fasting glucose concentrations. The ratio MCR1/CD68was positively associated with IRS1gene expression and with the expression of lipogenic genes such as ACACA, FASN and THRSP, even after adjusting for BMI. The ratio MCR1/CD68 in SWAT increased significantly after the surgery-induced weight loss (+44.7%; p\\u200a=\\u200a0.005) in parallel to the expression of adipogenic genes. In addition, SWAT MCR1/CD68ratio was significantly associated with muscle mitochondrial gene expression (PPARGC1A, TFAM and MT-CO3). AT CD206 was confirmed by immunohistochemistry to be specific of macrophages, especially abundant in crown-like structures.']\nQuestion: Is the MRC1/CD68 ratio positively associated with adipose tissue lipogenesis and with muscle mitochondrial gene expression in humans?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['The efficacy of radiotherapy in many tumor types is limited by normal tissue toxicity and by intrinsic or acquired radioresistance. Therefore, it is essential to understand the molecular network responsible for regulating radiosensitivity/resistance. Here, an unbiased functional screen identified four microRNAs (miR1, miR125a, miR150, and miR425) that induce radioresistance. Considering the clinical importance of radiotherapy for patients with glioblastoma, the impact of these miRNAs on glioblastoma radioresistance was investigated. Overexpression of miR1, miR125a, miR150, and/or miR425 in glioblastoma promotes radioresistance through upregulation of the cell-cycle checkpoint response. Conversely, antagonizing with antagomiRs sensitizes glioblastoma cells to irradiation, suggesting their potential as targets for inhibiting therapeutic resistance. Analysis of glioblastoma datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) revealed that these miRNAs are expressed in glioblastoma patient specimens and correlate with TGFβ signaling. Finally, it is demonstrated that expression of miR1 and miR125a can be induced by TGFβ and antagonized by a TGFβ receptor inhibitor. Together, these results identify and characterize a new role for miR425, miR1, miR125, and miR150 in promoting radioresistance in glioblastomas and provide insight into the therapeutic application of TGFβ inhibitors in radiotherapy.']\nQuestion: Does a functional screen identify miRs that induce radioresistance in glioblastomas?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['The aim of this study was to determine whether the push-out bond strengths between the radicular dentin and fiber reinforced-composite (FRC) posts with various resin cements decreased or not, according to the coronal, middle or apical level of the root.', 'FRC POSTS WERE CEMENTED WITH ONE OF FIVE RESIN CEMENT GROUPS (RELYX UNICEM: Uni, Contax with activator & LuxaCore-Dual: LuA, Contax & LuxaCore-Dual: Lu, Panavia F 2.0: PA, Super-Bond C&B: SB) into extracted human mandibular premolars. The roots were sliced into discs at the coronal, middle and apical levels. Push-out bond strength tests were performed with a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min, and the failure aspect was analyzed.', 'There were no significant differences (P>.05) in the bond strengths of the different resin cements at the coronal level, but there were significant differences in the bond strengths at the middle and apical levels (P<.05). Only the Uni and LuA cements did not show any significant decrease in their bond strengths at all the root levels (P>.05); all other groups had a significant decrease in bond strength at the middle or apical level (P<.05). The failure aspect was dominantly cohesive at the coronal level of all resin cements (P<.05), whereas it was dominantly adhesive at the apical level.']\nQuestion: Does push-out bond strengths of fiber-reinforced composite posts with various resin cement according to the root level?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Recent studies have demonstrated a protective effect of osteocalcin (OCN) on glucose homeostasis and metabolic syndrome. However, its role in vascular function remains unknown. This study investigated the contribution of OCN to the pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction in the thoracic aorta of apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-KO) mice.', 'Eight-week-old ApoE-KO mice were given chow or high fat diet (HFD) for 12\\xa0weeks with or without daily intraperitoneal injection of OCN. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT), insulin tolerance test (ITT),measurement of serum lipid profiles and blood pressure were carried out. Endothelium-dependent relaxation (EDR) was measured by wire myography. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used to study the role of OCN on eNOS levels in vitro. PI3K inhibitor (LY294002) and Akt inhibitor V were used ex-vivo to determine whether PI3K/Akt/eNOS contributes to the beneficial effect of OCN for the vascular or not.', 'Daily injections of OCN can significantly improve lipid metabolism, glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in ApoE-KO mice. In ApoE-KO mice fed with HFD, the OCN-treated mice displayed an improved acetylcholine-stimulated EDR compared to the vehicle-treated group. In addition, compared to vehicle-treated HUVECs, OCN-treated HUVECs displayed increased activation of the Akt-eNOS signaling pathway, as evidenced by significantly higher levels of phosphorylated Akt and eNOS. Furthermore, a similar beneficial effect of OCN on thoracic aorta was observed using ex vivo organ culture of isolated mouse aortic segment. However, this effect was attenuated upon co-incubation with PI3K inhibitor or Akt inhibitor V.']\nQuestion: Does osteocalcin attenuate high fat diet-induced impairment of endothelium-dependent relaxation through Akt/eNOS-dependent pathway?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: [\"MiR-125b has critical role in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell migration, and its target genes have not been elucidated. Kinesin-1 light chain (KLC)-2 was predicted as one of miR-125b's targets by bioinformatics analysis. This study is to identify the function of KLC2 and its interaction with miR-125b in NSCLC.\", 'Kinesin-1 light chain-2 protein expression and its clinical relevance were analysed in 140 matched NSCLC and adjacent non-neoplastic lung tissues. Both KLC2 gain- and loss-of-function analyses were performed in NSCLC cell lines by transient transfection. The direct interaction between KLC2 and miR-125b was confirmed by a luciferase reporter assay and a transient co-transfection assay as well as an analysis of eight matched clinical samples.', \"KLC2 protein was upregulated in NSCLC cell lines and tissues, and was an independent predictor of poor prognosis for elderly NSCLC patients. Kinesin-1 light chain-2 remarkably enhanced the invasive and migratory ability of NSCLC cells. MiR-125b inhibited KLC2 3'-untranslated region luciferase activity and protein expression, and inversely correlated with KLC2 expression in clinical samples. Kinesin-1 light chain-2 almost completely reversed miR-125b-induced inhibition on migration and invasion.\"]\nQuestion: Is high expression of kinesin light chain-2 , a novel target of miR-125b , associated with poor clinical outcome of elderly non-small-cell lung cancer patients?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disease of unknown origin. Determining the involvement and the response to the treatment is important. The aim of this study was to identify the effects of methylprednisolone and indomethacine on metabolic activity and pulmonary function test parameters in patients with sarcoidosis.', 'A total of 24 pulmonary sarcoidosis patients were enrolled in the study. All the patients underwent spirometry and [(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography (FDG PET-CT) scan before treatment and were divided into two groups according to the necessity of corticosteroid treatment or not. Patients who did not have corticosteroid indication were treated with indomethacine. Symptomatic patients and patients who did not respond to indomethacine treatment received methylprednisolone. Patients were followed up on a monthly basis to determine the response. FDG uptakes as the disease activity were re-evaluated before ending the treatment at the sixth month.', 'Mean age of patients (16 male, 8 female) was 39.79 (9.3) years. Besides mediastinum and pulmonary parenchyma, extrapulmonary sites were also involved in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis (distant lymph nodes (upper abdominal, supraclavicular, inguinal, and axillary), liver, and spleen). Although maximum standard uptake values of methylprednisolone group regressed significantly (p\\u2009<\\u20090.001) after treatment, indomethacine group did not have significant regression (p\\u2009=\\u20090.345). Despite metabolic regressions, spirometry values of patients did not significantly increase (p\\u2009>\\u20090.005).']\nQuestion: Does use of PET-CT for the assessment of treatment result in patients with sarcoidosis?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['To determine the proportion of obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) losing clinically significant amounts of weight during a standard follow-up by an endocrinologist.', 'Retrospective cohort study.', 'Reproductive Endocrinology Clinic of an academic center.', 'Obese patients with PCOS assessed between May 2002 and September 2008.', 'General nonstandardized advice on weight loss and exercise.', 'Proportion of women losing ≥5% or ≥10% of their initial weight at each of the following time interval: 2-6 months, 6-12 months, 12-18 months, 18-24 months, 24-36 months, and beyond 36 months.', 'One hundred seventeen patients with PCOS and with a mean body mass index (BMI) of 38.7 kg/m(2) and mean age of 28.5 years were followed-up for a median duration of 21.9 months (range, 2.0-61.8 months), with a median of two visits per year. More than 40% of these women lost ≥5% of their initial weight after >6 months of follow-up, and ≥20% lost ≥10% after 1 year of follow-up. More important, these proportions were maintained up to ≥3 years.']\nQuestion: Is clinically significant and sustained weight loss achievable in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome followed in a regular medical practice?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine (DEX) continuous infusion on blood flow in rabbit oral tissues during sevoflurane or propofol anesthesia.', 'A total of 24 male tracheotomized Japanese white rabbits were anesthetized with sevoflurane or propofol under mechanical ventilation. An initial loading dose of 6.0 μg/kg/hr DEX was administered for 10 minutes. DEX was then maintained at 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 μg/kg/hr for 1 hour, respectively. The observed variables were systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, common carotid artery blood flow, tongue mucosal blood flow (TBF), mandibular bone marrow blood flow (BBF), masseter muscle blood flow (MBF), upper alveolar tissue blood flow (UBF), lower alveolar tissue blood flow (LBF), and vascular resistance for each tissue (tongue mucosal vascular resistance, mandibular bone marrow vascular resistance, masseter muscle vascular resistance, upper alveolar tissue vascular resistance, and lower alveolar tissue vascular resistance).', 'The heart rate, systolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, common carotid artery blood flow, TBF, BBF, MBF, UBF, and LBF showed dose-dependent decreases during DEX infusion during both sevoflurane and propofol anesthesia. The decreasing ratios in TBF, BBF, MBF, UBF, and LBF were greater than those in heart rate, systolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, and common carotid artery blood flow. The vascular resistance of the oral tissues was increased in a dose-dependent manner during DEX infusion in both sevoflurane and propofol anesthesia.']\nQuestion: Does dexmedetomidine dose dependently decrease oral tissue blood flow during sevoflurane and propofol anesthesia in rabbits?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['We hypothesized that the hemodynamic response to a deep inspiration maneuver (DIM) indicates fluid responsiveness in spontaneously breathing (SB) patients.', 'Prospective study.', 'ICU of a general hospital.', 'Consecutive nonintubated patients without mechanical ventilation, considered for volume expansion (VE).', 'We assessed hemodynamic status at baseline and after VE.', 'We measured radial pulse pressure (PP) using an arterial catheter and peak velocity of femoral artery flow (VF) using continuous Doppler. Changes in PP and VF induced by a DIM (ΔPPdim and ΔVFdim) were calculated in 23 patients. ΔPPdim and ΔVFdim ≥12% predicted responders to VE with sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 100%.']\nQuestion: Do hemodynamic changes during a deep inspiration maneuver predict fluid responsiveness in spontaneously breathing patients?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: [\"We have previously reported that serum interleukin-18 (IL-18) concentration predicted the clinical outcome of patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma treated with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone (CHOP). When rituximab (R) was added to this regimen, the prognosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) was markedly improved.\", 'In this study, we re-evaluated the prognostic significance of serum IL-18 in 227 DLBCL patients. Seventy-three patients received CHOP before R-era, and 154 patients received rituximab-cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone (R-CHOP) recently.', 'Four-year overall survival (4-yr OS) rates for patients in CHOP group with IL-18 ≥720 pg/mL and <720 pg/mL were 8.2% and 67.3% (P<0.0001), respectively, and 4-yr OS rates with IL-18 ≥590 and <590 pg/mL in R-CHOP group were 53.4% and 77.8% (P=0.0008), respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that serum IL-18 correlated most significantly with OS and progression-free survival (PFS) in both groups (OS: P<0.0001, PFS: P<0.0001, in CHOP group; OS: P=0.0147, PFS: P=0.0084 in R-CHOP group). The high serum IL-18 patients with poor prognostic group in revised IPI or with non-germinal center B-cell phenotype had a very poor prognosis.']\nQuestion: Is serum interleukin-18 level associated with the outcome of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma treated with CHOP or R-CHOP regimens?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['To determine the effects continuous infusions of hypertonic saline (3% NaCl) on intracranial pressure (ICP) control and describe the physiologic effects of hypertonic saline administered to closed head injury children.', 'Retrospective chart review.', \"Pediatric intensive care unit of a children's hospital.\", 'Sixty-eight children with closed head injury.', 'Intravenous infusion of 3% hypertonic saline to increase serum sodium to levels necessary to reduce ICP < or =20 mm Hg.', 'The patients enrolled had similar Injury Severity Scores. Treatment effectively lowered ICP in these patients and ICP was under good control a majority of the time. Only three patients (4%) died of uncontrolled elevation of ICP. No adverse effects of supraphysiologic hyperosmolarity such as renal failure, pulmonary edema, or central pontine demyelination, were noted.']\nQuestion: Does prolonged hypernatremia control elevated intracranial pressure in head-injured pediatric patients?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) often have spontaneous echocardiographic contrast (SEC) observed in the left atrium (LA). Mid-term prognosis of patients with SEC following TAVR is not well studied. We assessed the impact of SEC on outcomes after TAVR.', 'Medical records of 93 consecutive patients who underwent TAVR at a single center were reviewed retrospectively. The primary endpoint was defined as the composite of a cardioembolic event, death from any cause, and admission for decompensated heart failure within 3 months of TAVR.', 'After excluding 3 patients who had procedural complications, 90 patients were included in the study. The mean age was 81 ± 8 years old and 50% were male. There were 12 patients with SEC in the LA (group 1) and 78 patients without SEC in the LA (group 2) during the TAVR procedure. Atrial fibrillation was more common in group 1 (50% vs 13%, respectively; P=.01) and diabetes was more common in group 2 (17% vs 53%, respectively; P=.03). The primary endpoint occurred in 22 patients (24%) and occurred more in group 1 (58% vs 19%, respectively; P<.01). On regression analysis, after adjusting for sex and STS score, SEC had a hazard ratio (HR) of 5.02 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.96-12.9; P<.001) and STS ≥15 had an HR of 6.37 (95% CI, 2.02-20.1; P=.01). On survival analysis, group 1 had lower event-free survival compared with group 2 (log-rank P=.01).']\nQuestion: Is spontaneous Echocardiographic Contrast in the Left Atrium During Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Associated With Worse Outcomes?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have accelerated atherosclerosis, but there is limited information about the genetic contribution to atherosclerosis in this population. Therefore, we examined the association between selected genetic polymorphisms and coronary atherosclerosis in patients with RA.', 'Genotypes for single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 152 candidate genes linked with autoimmune or cardiovascular risk were measured in 140 patients with RA. The association between the presence of coronary artery calcium (CAC) and SNP allele frequency was assessed by logistic regression with adjustment for age, sex, and race. To adjust for multiple comparisons, a false discovery rate (FDR) threshold was set at 20%.', 'Patients with RA were 54±11 years old and predominantly Caucasian (89%) and female (69%). CAC was present in 70 patients (50%). A variant in rs2073618 that encodes an Asn3Lys missense substitution in the osteoprotegerin gene (OPG, TNFRSF11B) was significantly associated with the presence of CAC (OR=4.09, p<0.00026) and withstands FDR correction.']\nQuestion: Is a variant in the osteoprotegerin gene associated with coronary atherosclerosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis : results from a candidate gene study?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['The serotonin 2A (5-HT2A) receptor has been implicated in neural-processing of emotionally salient information. To elucidate its role in processing of fear and anger, healthy individuals were studied with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) after 5-HT2A receptor blockade, while judging the gender of neutral, fearful and angry faces.', '5-HT2A receptors were blocked with ketanserin to a variable degree across subjects by adjusting the time between ketanserin-infusion and onset of the fMRI protocol. Neocortical 5-HT2A receptor binding in terms of the binding potential (BPp ) was assessed prior to fMRI with (18)F-altanserin positron emission tomography (PET) and subsequently integrated in the fMRI data analysis. Also functional connectivity analysis was employed to evaluate the effect of ketanserin blocking on connectivity.', 'Compared to a control session, 5-HT2A receptor blockade reduced the neural response to fearful faces in the medial orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), independently of 5-HT2A receptor occupancy or neocortical 5-HT2A receptor BPp . The medial OFC also showed increased functional coupling with the left amygdala during processing of fearful faces depending on the amount of blocked 5-HT2A receptors.']\nQuestion: Does acute serotonin 2A receptor blocking alter the processing of fearful faces in the orbitofrontal cortex and amygdala?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]