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36196001 | Targeting cluster of differentiation 26 / dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (CD26/DPP4) in organ fibrosis. | Cluster of differentiation 26 (CD26)/dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) is an exopeptidase that is expressed as a transmembrane protein in many organs but also present in a circulating soluble form. Beyond its enzymatic and costimulatory activity, CD26/DPP4 is involved in the pathogenesis of chronic fibrotic diseases across many organ types, such as liver cirrhosis, kidney fibrosis and lung fibrosis. Organ fibrosis is associated with a high morbidity and mortality, and there are no causative therapies that can effectively attenuate the progress of the disease. Growing evidence suggests that inhibiting CD26/DPP4 can modulate the profibrotic tissue microenvironment and thus reduce fibrotic changes within affected organs. This review summarizes the role of CD26/DPP4 in fibroproliferative disorders and highlights new opportunities for an antifibrotic treatment by CD26/DPP4 inhibition. As a major advantage, CD26/DPP4 inhibitors have been in safe and routine clinical use in type 2 diabetes for many years and thus qualify for repurposing to repurpose as a promising therapeutic against fibrosis. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Translational Advances in Fibrosis as a Therapeutic Target. To view the other articles in this section visit |
36196002 | Epilepsy in KBG syndrome. | To illustrate the epileptological and electroencephalographic (EEG) characteristics of a cohort of patients with KBG syndrome and epilepsy. |
36196003 | Synthesis of Axially Chiral Biaryls via Enantioselective Ullmann Coupling of ortho-Chlorinated Aryl Aldehydes Enabled by a Chiral 2,2'-Bipyridine Ligand. | The first nickel-catalyzed highly enantioselective reductive Ullmann coupling of ortho-chlorinated aryl aldehyde was achieved under mild reaction conditions with a chiral 2,2'-bipyridine ligand (+)-DTB-SBpy, thus providing axially chiral biphenyl or binaphthyl dials with up to 99 % yield and 99.5:0.5 er. The versatility of the products mon synthetic intermediates for diverse axially chiral ligands, catalysts, and functional molecules was demonstrated by short-step transformations. This protocol also allowed the concise and highly enantioselective formal total synthesis of biologically active natural products (+)-kotanin, (-)-isoschizandrin and (+)-gossypol. |
36196004 | Voltage mapping and pulmonary vein isolation in master athletes with atrial fibrillation. | Master athletes pass a wide range of exercise enthusiasts. At the extreme, there is an increased risk of atrial fibrillation (AF). Therapies aimed at rate or rhythm control are often limited given unfavorable side effects. Although studies suggest an increase in left atrial (LA) fibrosis in this population, minimal electrophysiologic data exist regarding the LA voltage mapping and the efficacy of AF ablation with pulmonary vein isolation (PVI). |
36196007 | Maternal Periconceptional Folic Acid Supplementation and DNA Methylation Patterns in Adolescent Offspring. | Folate, including the folic acid form, is a ponent of the one-carbon metabolic pathway used for DNA methylation. Changes in DNA methylation patterns during critical development periods are associated with disease es and are associated with changes in nutritional status in pregnancy. The long-term impact of periconceptional folic acid supplementation on DNA methylation patterns is unknown. |
36196006 | Evolution of p-coumaroylated lignin in eudicots provides new tools for cell wall engineering. | Ester-linked p-coumarate (pCA) is a hallmark feature of the secondary cell walls melinid monocot plants. It has been shown that pCA groups arise during lignin polymerisation from the participation of monolignol conjugates assembled by p-coumaroyl-CoA:monolignol transferase (PMT) enzymes, members of the BAHD superfamily of acyltransferases. Herein, we report that a eudicot species, kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus), naturally contains p-coumaroylated lignin in the core tissues of the stems but not in the bast fibres. Moreover, we identified a novel acyltransferase, HcPMT, that shares <30% amino acid identity with known monocot PMT sequences. binant HcPMT showed a preference in enzyme assays for p-coumaroyl-CoA and benzoyl-CoA as acyl donor substrates and sinapyl alcohol as an acyl acceptor. Heterologous expression of HcPMT in hybrid poplar trees led to the incorporation of pCA in lignin, but no improvement in the saccharification potential of the wood. This work illustrates the value in mining diverse plant taxa for new monolignol acyltransferases. Furthermore, the occurrence of pCA outside monocot lineages may represent another example of convergent evolution in lignin structure. This discovery expands textbook views on cell wall biochemistry and provides a new molecular tool for engineering the lignin of biomass feedstock plants. |
36196009 | Hydrogen-Bonded Organic Framework for High-Performance Lithium/Sodium-Iodine Organic Batteries. | The rechargeable lithium/sodium-iodine battery (Li/Na-I |
36196011 | Carbon dioxide automated digital subtraction angiography for endovascular arteriovenous fistulas creation. | Recent literature shows how residual renal function (RKF), defined as the urinary clearance of urea and creatinine, is associated with a lower mortality risk in HD patients. The use of non-nephrotoxic contrast media during radiological procedure, may be useful for preservation of RKF in patients with chronic kidney disease not yet in haemodialysis. We describe the case of a 51-year-old male suffering from chronic kidney disease from 2018, due to a right nephrectomy for an adenocarcinoma, who was considered for an endovascular arteriovenous fistula (endoAVF) creation (WavelinQ endoAVF System, Becton Dickinson, Franklin Lakes, New Jersey, US), using Carbon Dioxide as contrast media instead of conventional iodinated ones, with optimal results. CO2 DSA permits to well recognize the patency of target vein, its connection to the perforator vein and finally the endoAVF creation without requiring supplemental iodate contrast medium. We propose, CO2 automated digital subtraction angiography (DSA) as a safer technique that could be substitutive of the standard iodinated ones, in the creation of endo AVF. |
36196008 | Dual Activation of Molecular Oxygen and Surface Lattice Oxygen in Single Atom Cu | The in-depth mechanism on the simultaneous activation of O |
36196010 | Ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone-secreting carcinoid with solitary cryptococcosis in the lungs. | Carcinoid tumors can on rare occasions ectopically produce adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), causing Cushing's syndrome, and patients could e promised. Care must therefore be taken regarding plications. In particular, ACTH-producing pulmonary carcinoid is not easy to diagnose by itself, and bined with pulmonary nodules as infectious foci, each is very difficult to diagnose. |
36196013 | Unraveling the Synergistic Reaction and the Deactivation Mechanism for the Catalytic Degradation of Double Components of Sulfur-Containing VOCs over ZSM-5-Based Materials. | petitive adsorption behavior, the synergistic catalytic reaction, and deactivation mechanisms under ponents of sulfur-containing volatile pounds (VOCs) are a bridge to solve their actual pollution problems. However, they are still unknown. Herein, simultaneous catalytic position of methyl mercaptan (CH |
36196014 | The Functional Roles of | Probiotics are live microorganisms that can be consumed by humans in amounts sufficient to offer health-promoting effects. Owing to their various biological functions, probiotics are widely used in biological engineering, industry and agriculture, food safety, and the life and health fields. |
36196015 | Total robotic right hepatectomy for multifocal hepatocellular carcinoma using vessel sealer. | Rapid adoption of a robotic approach as a minimally invasive surgery tool has enabled surgeons to perform plex hepatobiliary surgeries than conventional laparoscopic surgery. Although various types of liver resections have been performed robotically, parenchymal transection is challenging monly used instruments (Cavitron Ultrasonic Surgical Aspirator [CUSA] and Harmonic) lack articulation. Further, CUSA also requires a patient-side assistant surgeon with hepatobiliary laparoscopic skills. We present a case report of total robotic right hepatectomy for multifocal hepatocellular carcinoma in a 70-year-old male using 'Vessel Sealer' for parenchymal transection. Total operative time was 520 minutes with a blood loss of ~400 mL. There was no technical difficulty or instrument failure encountered during surgery. The patient was discharged on postoperative day five without any plications such as bile leak. Thus, Vessel Sealer, a fully articulating instrument intended to seal vessels and tissues up to 7 mm, can be a promising tool for parenchymal transection in a robotic surgery. |
36196017 | Obesity and diabetes in people of African ancestry with HIV. | Obesity is a chronic disease with multiple adverse effects on health. The prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide, and people of African ancestry are disproportionally affected. Several widely used antiretrovirals have been associated with weight gain and contribute to the rising burden of obesity in people with HIV. Obesity and weight gain on antiretroviral therapy are risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus, a condition which also disproportionally affects black populations. In this review, we discuss recent data on weight gain in relation to initiating or switching antiretroviral therapy and advances in the management of obesity. Availability of highly effective treatments for obesity have the potential to address, and potentially reverse, the epidemics of obesity and diabetes mellitus in people with HIV. |
36196018 | The Association of Avoidance Coping with Gestational Weight Gain among Pregnant Black Women. | Gestational weight gain (GWG) outside mended parameters can lead to pregnancy or plications. Avoidance coping may influence GWG. We examined the association of avoidance coping with GWG among a sample of 112 pregnant Black women in the Midwest. pleted avoidance coping questionnaires at three time points throughout pregnancy. Data were abstracted from medical records for BMI and GWG. Overall, 23.2% gained inadequate weight, 30.4% adequate weight, and 46.4% excess weight. Multinomial logistic regression models indicated associations between avoidance coping and GWG adjusted for covariates. Participants with higher avoidance coping scores at 22-29 weeks' gestation were more likely to experience excess weight gain (odds ratio [ |
36196020 | Transition-Metal-Free Dehydropolymerization of Phosphine-Boranes at Ambient Temperature. | Stoichiometric reaction of phosphine-borane adducts RR'PH⋅BH |
36196019 | A Novel Technique for the Treatment of Inferior Pole Fractures of the Patella: A Preliminary Report. | Most inferior pole fractures of the patella minuted. Therefore, an ideal treatment method has not been determined. We have presented a modified tension band fixation technique-the Krachow suturing, Nice bined with tension band fixation-and reported the results of the procedure. |
36196021 | Low-Cost and Scalable Ni-Prussian Blue Analogue//Functionalized Carbon Based Na-Ion Systems for all Climate Operations. | Herein, we have developed a sodium ion based aqueous energy storage device with nickel prussian-blue-analogue (Ni-PBA) positive and functionalized carbon-black negative electrodes in 1 M Na |
36196023 | RNA N | Epigenetic modifications have received increasing attention and have been shown to be extensively involved in kidney development and disease progression. Among them, the mon RNA modification, N |
36196024 | Cigarette Smoking Cessation Counselling in Pregnant Smokers with Mental Illness/Substance Use Disorders. | Our objective was to determine if past-year mental illness and substance use disorders (SUD) among pregnant smokers predicted the probability of receipt of counselling for cigarette smoking cessation. A secondary analysis of data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health 2016-2019 was conducted. We found that approximately 83% of pregnant smokers ( |
36196022 | Genetic and molecular architecture of familial hypercholesterolemia. | Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death globally. Despite its important risk of premature atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease, familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is still largely underdiagnosed worldwide. It is one of the most frequently inherited diseases due to mutations, for autosomal dominant forms, in either of the LDLR, APOB, and PCSK9 genes or possibly a few mutations in the APOE gene and, for the rare autosomal forms, in the LDLRAP1 gene. The discovery of the genes implicated in the disease has largely helped to improve the diagnosis and treatment of FH from the LDLR by Brown and Goldstein, as well as the introduction of statins, to PCSK9 discovery in FH by Abifadel et al., and the very rapid availability of PCSK9 inhibitors. In the last two decades, major progress has been made in clinical and genetic diagnostic tools and the therapeutic arsenal against FH. Improving prevention, diagnosis, and treatment and making them more accessible to all patients will help reduce the lifelong burden of the disease. |
36196025 | HIV treatment strategies across Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe: New times, old problems. | In the last decade, substantial differences in the epidemiology of, antiretroviral therapy (ART) for, cascade of care in and support to people with HIV in vulnerable populations have been observed between countries in Western Europe, Central Europe (CE) and Eastern Europe (EE). The aim of this study was to use a survey to explore whether ART availability and therapies have evolved in CE and EE according to European guidelines. |
36196026 | Performance of Xpert MTB/RIF for Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in HIV-Infected People in China: A Retrospective, Single-Center Study. | BACKGROUND There are few studies of GeneXpert MTB/RIF (hereafter referred to as Xpert) detection technology in HIV-infected people in China. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the value of Xpert in HIV/TB co-infected patients and to provide reference and guidance for the diagnosis of TB in HIV-infected populations. MATERIAL AND METHODS This study reviewed medical records of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients hospitalized at the Infection Center of Beijing Ditan Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University from January 2018 to May 2020, and patients diagnosed with pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis were screened as study subjects. Sensitivity and specificity of Xpert were analyzed using ROC curves. RESULTS Of the 413 HIV patients, 177 patients met the entry criteria, of which the diagnosis was active pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB): 145 and extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB): 32. The sensitivity of Xpert for PTB and EPTB was 82.0% and 100%, higher than that of acid-fast bacilli (AFB) (61.0% and 58.3%), and slightly lower than that of T-SPOT.TB (91.0% and 100%); the specificity was 83.7% and 93.5%, higher than that of AFB (72.6%, 87.1%) and T-SPOT.TB (16.6%, 21.2%). The sensitivity of Xpert was 100% in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and 80.0% in sputum; in patients with CD4⁺ <200 cells/mm³, the sensitivity of Xpert was 90.0% and specificity was 84.8%, higher than that of AFB (60.0%, 75.5%) and T-SPOT.TB (90.0%, 21.5%). CONCLUSIONS Xpert has a high accuracy in HIV/TB co-infected patients, and Xpert still shows a high sensitivity and specificity even in HIV patients with CD4⁺ <200 cells/mm³. Xpert is mended for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients. |
36196027 | Pushing the Boundaries: Drug-Coated Balloons to Treat a Calcified and Thrombotic Lesion in Acute Coronary Syndrome. | BACKGROUND Use of drug-coated balloons (DCB) is an important research topic. panies are quickly developing new, cutting-edge technologies and means to deliver drugs. Moreover, interest is growing in use of sirolimus-coated balloons, a promising technology in the "leaving nothing behind" era. This, bination with interest in lesion preparation and intravascular imaging, creates a promising future for DCB for years e. CASE REPORT A 72-year-old patient presented with NSTEMI. Coronary angiography showed a subtotal stenosis of the right coronary artery (RCA). PCI was performed on the native RCA and, given the patient's failure to adhere to the drug regimen, he was treated with a metal-free PCI strategy. After using a novel lesion preparation technique with cutting balloon and high-pressure pliant balloon, a novel Sirolimus DCB was used. Final angiography and OCT run showed good luminal gain despite diffuse dissections. To assess vascular healing, we performed coronary angiography 5 weeks later, which demonstrated an excellent result, with absence of residual dissection and further luminal pared to the index procedure. CONCLUSIONS The use of a novel lesion preparation technique (cutting balloon and high-pressure highly pliant balloon) bination with guidance by intravascular imaging and the use of a new sirolimus-coated balloon may attract attention in the interventional munity and stimulate discussion on lesion preparation and use of drug-coated balloons. |
36196028 | Modeling Photolytic Decomposition of Energetically Functionalized Dodecanes. | The photolytic stability of explosives and energetic functional groups is of importance for those who regularly handle or are exposed to explosives in typical environmental conditions. This study models the photolytic degradation of dodecane substituted with various energetic functional groups: azide, nitro, nitrate ester, and nitramine. For the studied molecules, it was found that excitons localize on the energetic functional group, no matter where they were initially formed, and thus, the predominant degradation pathway involves the degradation of the energetic functional group. The relative trends for both 4 and 8 eV excitation energies followed with what is expected from the relative stability of the energetic functional groups to thermal and sub-shock degradation. The one notable exception was the azide functional group; more work should be done to further understand the photolytic effects on the azide functional group. |
36196030 | Colombian ocular infectious epidemiology study (COIES): presumed ocular tuberculosis incidence and sociodemographic characterization, 2015-2020. | This study aims to describe the incidence and geographical distribution of presumed ocular tuberculosis (POTB) in Colombia between 2015 and 2020 based on the Colombian Ministry of Health and Social Protection data. |
36196031 | Outcomes and Risk Factors for Complications in Cataract Patients with Hepatitis C Virus Infection. | To describe es of patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) seropositivity undergoing cataract surgery, as well as investigate risk factors for plications. |
36196032 | Antibiotic Initiation Timing and Mortality in Trauma Patients With Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia. | Early antibiotic initiation is considered a cornerstone in the management of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). However, recent data suggests that early antibiotic initiation may not be necessary in all cases. Additionally, the benefits of early antibiotic administration for infection have not been studied in a dedicated trauma population. This study's aim was to evaluate the impact of antibiotic administration timing on in-hospital mortality in trauma patients with VAP. |
36196029 | Investigating the Link Between IADL and Depressive Symptoms in Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Serial Mediation Model. | There is a dearth of research on the psychological processes that underlie the negative relation between impaired instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) and depressive symptoms in older adults. Drawing on the stress process model and the resilience framework, we investigated whether purpose in life and resilience serially mediate the relationship between impaired IADL and depressive symptoms. |
36196033 | Dosimetric validation of a GPU-based dose engine for a fast in silico patient-specific quality assurance program in light ion beam therapy. | With rapid evolutions of fast and sophisticated calculation techniques and delivery technologies, clinics are almost facing a daily patient-specific (PS) plan adaptation, which would make a conventional experimental quality assurance (QA) workflow unlikely to be routinely feasible. Therefore, in silico approaches are foreseen by means of second-check independent dose calculation systems possibly handling machine log-files. |
36196034 | Prognostic value of right ventricular refractory period heterogeneity in Type-1 Brugada electrocardiographic pattern. | To investigate the prognostic significance of heterogeneity in the refractoriness of right ventricular (RV) outflow tract (RVOT) and RV apex at the electrophysiological study (EPS) in Brugada syndrome (BrS). |
36196035 | Six case reports of NTHL1-associated tumor syndrome further support it as a multi-tumor predisposition syndrome. | NTHL1-associated tumor syndrome (NATS) is an autosomal recessive condition characterized by an increased risk for colorectal polyposis and colorectal cancer (CRC). Only 46 case reports have been previously published. In a retrospective review, we analyzed the clinical histories of six patients found to have NATS after genetic counseling and testing. NATS appears to be associated with an increased risk for colorectal polyposis, CRC, female breast cancer, meningiomas, and endometrial cancer. Although research is limited, prior publications have reported a multi-tumor predisposition for individuals with biallelic pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in NTHL1. Additional data are necessary to further define the cancer risks so affected individuals can be appropriately managed. |
36196037 | Identifying and Interpreting Geometric Configuration-Dependent Activity of Spinel Catalysts for Water Reduction. | The catalytic activity of transition metal-based catalysts is overwhelmingly dependent on the geometric configuration. Identification and interpretation of different geometric configurations' contributions to catalytic activity plays a pivotal role in catalytic performance elevation. Spinel structured AB |
36196038 | Setting the top 10 eating disorder research and translation priorities for Australia. | People with eating disorders, as well as their caregivers, experience high symptom burden, reduced quality of life and increased risk of early mortality. A lack of resources, disjointed vision and limited uptake of the evidence have limited the translation and implementation of research into practice. Little is known about what stakeholders (people with a lived experience, caregivers, health care professionals, researchers and policymakers) see as the most important research priorities. This study aimed to identify Australia's top 10 consensus-derived research and translation priorities for eating disorders. |
36196039 | Assessment of pulmonary morphometry using hyperpolarized | Hyperpolarized (HP) |
36196040 | Disentangling direct and indirect effects of landscape structure on urban bird richness and functional diversity. | As fragmented landscapes e mon around the world, managing the spatial arrangement of landscape elements (i.e., landscape configuration) may help to promote the conservation of biodiversity. However, the relative effects of landscape configuration on different dimensions of biodiversity across species assemblages are largely unknown. Thus, a key challenge consists in understanding when it is necessary to focus on landscape configuration, in addition to position, to achieve multifunctional landscapes. We tested the effects of position (the percentage of tree cover and built infrastructure) and landscape configuration (degree of fragmentation) on landscape-level species richness and different metrics of functional diversity of urban birds. We collected data on different bird guilds (nectarivores/frugivores, insectivores) from Brisbane, Australia. Using structural equation models, we found that landscape structure position and configuration) affected functional diversity via two main pathways: (1) through effects of position, mediated by landscape configuration (indirect effects), and (2) through direct ("independent") effects of position and configuration, filtering species with extreme trait values. Our results show that landscape-level species richness declined with the extent of built infrastructure, but patterns of trait diversity did not necessarily correlate with this variable. Landscape configuration had a stronger mediating effect on some metrics of the functional diversity of insectivores than on the functional diversity of frugivores/nectarivores. In addition, fragmentation increased the effects of built infrastructure for some traits (body size and dispersal capacity), but not for others (habitat plasticity and foraging behavior). These results suggest that differential approaches to managing landscape structure are needed depending on whether the focus is on protecting functional diversity or species richness and what the target guild is. Managing landscape fragmentation in areas with high levels of built infrastructure is important if the objective is to protect insectivore species with mon traits, even if it is not possible to preserve high levels of species richness. However, if the target is to enhance both functional diversity and species richness of multiple guilds, the focus should be on position through the reduction of negative effects of built infrastructure, rather than promoting specific landscape configurations in growing cities. |
36196041 | Accuracy and clinical use of biliary point-of-care ultrasound: A retrospective cohort study. | To assess the utilisation and diagnostic accuracy of biliary point-of-care ultrasounds (POCUS) performed and archived in a single New Zealand ED. |
36196042 | Malignant melanoma treatment using brachytherapy: Two case reports and 15 case series. | Malignant melanoma (MM) is usually resistant to radiotherapy. Brachytherapy may be an option in patients with bleeding or pain, and those in whom surgery is difficult. Brachytherapy has few side effects and can be used bination with external beam radiotherapy or chemotherapy. We summarize the demographic and clinical characteristics of 15 patients who received brachytherapy for MM at our hospital and describe two of these representative cases. Patient 1 had an approximately 10-mm, dark-red nodule near the external urethral meatus. Excision was not performed to preserve urethral function. A gradual improvement was observed after 48 Gy of remote afterloading system (RALS) brachytherapy and nivolumab therapy. Patient 2 had a 38-mm, black tumor on the vagina. Post-resection, RALS brachytherapy was administered to treat the residual black macule and a lesion quickly disappeared. In all 15 cases, nine patients received radiotherapy for local control and six patients received palliative radiotherapy to reduce symptoms such as bleeding and pain. The irradiation site was the vagina in six patients, lymph node metastasis in five, head and neck in two, skin or subcutaneous metastases in two, and the anus in one. Treatment effect for local control and palliative care was 75% and 83% of patients, respectively. In particular, disappearance of the tumor or disappearance of symptoms was observed in half of the cases of brachytherapy to the vagina. On the other hand, brachytherapy was not very effective for lymph node metastases. Immediately after radiotherapy, eight (53%) patients experienced dermatitis or mucositis. Due to the histological and structural characteristics of mucosal melanoma of the luminal organs, brachytherapy may be an effective therapy. Hence, widespread use of brachytherapy with an appropriate irradiation technique aiming for local control and palliative care in case of unresectable MM should be considered. |
36196043 | Anatomical considerations and clinical interpretation of the 12-lead ECG in the prone position: a prospective multicentre study. | The aim of this study is to provide guidance for the clinical interpretation of electrocardiograms (ECGs) in prone position and to establish the electroanatomic explanations for the possible differences to supine position ECGs that may be observed. Additionally, to determine if prone back ECG can be used as an alternative to standard ECG in patients who may benefit from prone position. |
36196044 | False negatives in the newborn screening for cystic fibrosis in Western Andalusia: Results from a 10-year experience. | Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the mon autosomal recessive disorder in the Caucasian population, with an incidence of 1:5000 live births. In 2011, the screening of CF was implemented in the Andalusian Public Health newborn screening program by using immunoreactive trypsinogen and chloride sweat test (IRT/IRT/sweat test) determinations. Since then, 79 children have been diagnosed with CF in our health area (Western Andalusia). The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of this screening method and to examinate the characteristics of those CF infants who had a negative screening but who were later diagnosed. In the 2011-2021 period 462,049 newborns were screened for CF using a two-step IRT determination and chloride sweat test. Sixty-three infants were diagnosed with CF in our health area thanks to the screening, and 15 CF children had a negative screening result and were finally diagnosed by molecular sequencing of the CFTR gene. The most frequent symptoms that led to the diagnosis of those false negative (FN) patients were hyponatremic dehydration (mean age 9.75 ± 1.5 months) and recurrent wheezing (mean age 24 ± 14.5 months). The molecular analysis of the CFTR gene on those FN showed a diversity of genotypes, identifying more than 10 different mutations. CONCLUSION: The rate of FN patients obtained in this study is inadmissibly high, and the protocol used in this region has not been updated despite the advances in genetic testing in the past 10 years. An improvement on CF newborn screening should be implemented, adding molecular analysis of the CFTR gene. |
36196045 | Multi-scale cascaded networks for synthesis of mammogram to decrease intensity distortion and increase model-based perceptual similarity. | Synthetic digital mammogram (SDM) is a 2D image generated from digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) and used as a substitute for a full-field digital mammogram (FFDM) to reduce the radiation dose for breast cancer screening. The previous deep learning-based method used FFDM images as the ground truth, and trained a single neural network to directly generate SDM images with similar appearances (e.g., intensity distribution, textures) to the FFDM images. However, the FFDM image has a different texture pattern from DBT. The difference in texture pattern might make the training of the neural network unstable and result in high-intensity distortion, which makes it hard to decrease intensity distortion and increase perceptual similarity (e.g., generate similar textures) at the same time. Clinically, radiologists want to have a 2D synthesized image that feels like an FFDM image in vision and preserves local structures such as both mass and microcalcifications (MCs) in DBT because radiologists have been trained on reading FFDM images for a long time, while local structures are important for diagnosis. In this study, we proposed to use a deep convolutional neural network to learn the transformation to generate SDM from DBT. |
36196047 | Epidemiology of inherited epidermolysis bullosa in Germany. | Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a rare genetic disorder manifesting with skin and mucosal membrane blistering in different degrees of severity. |
36196048 | Preclinical studies in Krabbe disease: A model for the investigation of novel combination therapies for lysosomal storage diseases. | Krabbe disease (KD) is a lysosomal storage disease (LSD) caused by mutations in the galc gene. There are over 50 monogenetic LSDs, which largely impede the normal development of children and often lead to premature death. At present, there are no cures for LSDs and the available treatments are generally insufficient, short acting, and not without co-morbidities or long-term side effects. The last 30 years have seen significant advances in our understanding of LSD pathology as well as treatment options. Two gene therapy-based clinical trials, NCT04693598 and NCT04771416, for KD were recently started based on those advances. This review will discuss how our knowledge of KD got to where it is today, focusing on preclinical investigations, and how what was discovered may prove beneficial for the treatment of other LSDs. |
36196049 | The complex relationship between greenspace and well-being in children with and without autism. | Greenspace (defined here as canopy coverage) positively correlates with improved well-being in typically developing individuals, but this relationship has not been established in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). To investigate this relationship, the current study merged data from the National Survey of Children's Health (2012) with the National Land Cover Database. Across typically developing children, children with ASD, and non-autistic children with special healthcare needs (CSHCN), greenspace unexpectedly negatively correlated with well-being. pared with typically developing children, children with ASD or CSHCN status had lower well-being. Interestingly, typically developing children with conduct problems displayed an unexpected negative relationship (i.e. as greenspace increased whereas well-being decreased), though those without conduct problems showed no relationship. Children with ASD displayed no relationship between greenspace independent of conduct problems. CSHCN displayed non-significant trends suggesting mild positive relationships between greenspace and well-being. These data indicate the relationship between greenspace and well-being is plex than expected and may depend on the diagnostic traits of the population studied. |
36196050 | Coping strategies among women exposed to Gender-Based violence in Turkey. | To understand coping strategies used by women experiencing gender-based violence and living in Turkey. Coping is a cognitive and behavioural strategy that individuals develop to manage stress, generally categorized as emotion-focused or problem-focused coping. Women exposed to gender-based violence develop various coping strategies to manage stress and its adverse mental and physical health effects. |
36196052 | Strategies for the enhancement of nail plate permeation of drugs to treat onychomycosis. | Onychomycosis is caused by dermatophytes, non-dermatophytes and yeasts. It has a global prevalence of 5.5%, requires long treatment periods, and has high relapse rates following therapy. Oral antifungals are generally the mon treatment. While effective, they have limitations such as drug-drug interactions, hepatotoxicity and adverse side effects; thus, they cannot be used in several populations. Topical antifungals do not have the safety limitations but are typically not as effective. The primary challenge of topical treatment is the permeation of drug molecules across the nail plate barrier, which is a highly cross-linked keratin network. The use of drugs and formulations with favourable characteristics such as small size, absence of lipophilicity, hydrophilic nature, hydrating properties and appropriate pH can greatly improve permeation. Here, we review physical, nanoparticle-based, formulation-based, mechanical and chemical drug delivery strategies to improve the permeation of drugs across the nail plate. |
36196053 | Internet addiction is associated with psychological distress in highly schizotypal students. | There is some limited evidence of an association between technology addictions and emergence of pre-psychotic symptoms, high psychoticism, psychotic like experiences and high schizotypy among young non-clinical adults. These addictions and their subsequent distress are likely to contribute to transition to psychosis in individuals at risk. We aimed pare smartphone, Internet and Facebook addictions between low and high schizotypal individuals; and to explore the association between these addictions and distress in the high schizotypy group. |
36196054 | Direct observation of chemo-mechanical coupling in DnaK by single-molecule force experiments. | Protein allostery requires munication channel for functional regulation between distal sites within a protein. In the molecular chaperone Hsp70, a two-domain enzyme, the ATP/ADP status of an N-terminal nucleotide-binding domain regulates the substrate affinity of a C-terminal substrate-binding domain. Recently available three-dimensional structures of Hsp70 in ATP/ADP states have provided deep insights into molecular pathways of allosteric signals. However, direct mechanical probing of long-range allosteric coupling between the ATP hydrolysis step and domain states is missing. Using laser optical tweezers, we examined the mechanical properties of a truncated two-domain DnaK(1-552ye) in apo/ADP/ATP- and peptide-bound states. We find that in the apo and ADP states, DnaK domains are mechanically stable and rigid. However, in the ATP state, substrate-binding domain (SBD) |
36196055 | Effects of ligand binding on dynamics of fatty acid binding protein and interactions with membranes. | Intracellular transport of fatty acids involves binding of ligands to their carrier fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs) and interactions of ligand-free and -bound FABPs with membranes. Previous studies focused on ligand-free FABPs. Here, our amide hydrogen exchange data showed that oleic acid binding to human intestinal FABP (hIFABP) stabilizes the protein, most likely through enhancing the hydrogen-bonding network, and induces rearrangement of sidechains even far away from the ligand binding site. Using NMR relaxation techniques, we found that the ligand binding affects not only conformational exchanges between major and minor states but also the affinity of hIFABP to nanodiscs. Analyses of the relaxation and amide exchange data suggested that two minor native-like states existing in both ligand-free and -bound hIFABPs originate from global "breathing" motions, while one minor native-like es from local motions. The amide hydrogen exchange data also indicated that helix αII undergoes local unfolding through which ligands can exit from the binding cavity. |
36196056 | Alterations induced by the PML-RARα oncogene revealed by image cross correlation spectroscopy. | The molecular mechanisms that underlie oncogene-induced genomic damage are still poorly understood. To understand how oncogenes affect chromatin architecture, it is important to visualize fundamental processes such as DNA replication and transcription in intact nuclei and quantify the alterations of their spatiotemporal organization induced by oncogenes. Here, we apply superresolution microscopy bination with image cross correlation spectroscopy to the U937-PR9 cell line, an in vitro model of acute promyelocytic leukemia that allows us to activate the expression of the PML-RARα oncogene and analyze its effects on the spatiotemporal organization of functional nuclear processes. More specifically, we perform Tau-stimulated emission depletion imaging, a superresolution technique based on the concept of separation of photons by lifetime tuning. Tau-stimulated emission depletion imaging bined with a robust image analysis protocol that quickly produces a value of colocalization fraction on several hundreds of single cells and allows observation of cell-to-cell variability. Upon activation of the oncogene, we detect a significant increase in the fraction of transcription sites colocalized with PML/PML-RARα. This increase of colocalization can be ascribed to oncogene-induced disruption of physiological PML bodies and the abnormal occurrence of a relatively large number of PML-RARα microspeckles. We also detect a significant cell-to-cell variability of this increase of colocalization, which can be ascribed, at least in part, to a heterogeneous response of the cells to the activation of the oncogene. These results prove that our method efficiently reveals oncogene-induced alterations in the spatial organization of nuclear processes and suggest that the abnormal localization of PML-RARα could interfere with the transcription machinery, potentially leading to DNA damage and genomic instability. |
36196057 | von Willebrand factor unfolding mediates platelet deposition in a model of high-shear thrombosis. | Thrombosis under high-shear conditions is mediated by the mechanosensitive blood glycoprotein von Willebrand factor (vWF). vWF unfolds in response to strong flow gradients and facilitates rapid recruitment of platelets in flowing blood. While the thrombogenic effect of vWF is well recognized, its conformational response plex flows has largely been omitted from numerical models of thrombosis. We recently presented a continuum model for the unfolding of vWF, where we represented vWF transport and its flow-induced conformational change using convection-diffusion-reaction equations. Here, we incorporate the ponent into our multi-constituent model of thrombosis, where the local concentration of stretched vWF amplifies the deposition rate of free-flowing platelets and reduces the shear cleaning of deposited platelets. We validate the model using three benchmarks: in vitro model of atherothrombosis, a stagnation point flow, and the PFA-100, a clinical blood monly used for screening for von Willebrand disease (vWD). The simulations reproduced the key aspects of vWF-mediated thrombosis observed in these experiments, such as the thrombus location, thrombus growth dynamics, and the effect of blocking platelet-vWF interactions. The PFA-100 simulations closely matched the reported occlusion times for normal blood and several hemostatic deficiencies, namely, thrombocytopenia, vWD type 1, and vWD type 3. Overall, this multi-constituent model of thrombosis enables macro-scale 3D simulations of thrombus formation plex geometries over a wide range of shear rates and accounts for qualitative and quantitative hemostatic deficiencies in patient blood. |
36196058 | Homologous pairing in short double-stranded DNA-grafted colloidal microspheres. | Homologous pairing (HP), i.e., the pairing of similar or identical double-stranded DNA, is an insufficiently understood fundamental biological process. HP is now understood to also occur without protein mediation, but crucial mechanistic details remain poorly established. Unfortunately, systematic studies of sequence dependence are not practical due to the enormous number of nucleotide permutations and multiple possible conformations involved in existing biophysical strategies even when using as few as 150 basepairs. Here, we show that HP can occur in DNA as short as 18 basepairs in a colloidal microparticle-based system. Exemplary systematic studies include resolving opposing reports of the impact of % position, validating the impact of nucleotide order and triplet framework and revealing isotropic bendability to be crucial for HP. These studies are enabled by statistical analysis of crystal size and fraction within coexisting fluid-crystal phases of double-stranded DNA-grafted colloidal microspheres, where crystallization is predicated by HP. |
36196060 | Association of time-to-intravenous furosemide with mortality in acute heart failure: data from REPORT-HF. | Acute heart failure can be a life-threatening medical condition. Delaying administration of intravenous furosemide (time-to-diuretics) has been postulated to increase mortality, but prior reports have been inconclusive. We aimed to evaluate the association between time-to-diuretics and mortality in the international REPORT-HF registry. |
36196061 | Evaluation of Substance Use Disorder Readmission and Length of Hospital Stay in a Major Rehabilitation Center in the Gulf States: a Retrospective Cohort Study. | Substance use disorders (SUDs) patients have longer lengths of hospital stay, and more unplanned readmissions than other hospitalized patients. We aim to evaluate SUD-related rehospitalization and length of hospital stay in a major rehabilitation center that serves countries of the Gulf States. In a retrospective cohort study for 16-year data set in Al-Amal Hospital Electronic Health Record in the city of Dammam, Eastern region of Saudi Arabia, patients received services from the SUD treatment programs in the period of January 1, 2005, to December 31, 2021. We used cause-specific Cox proportional hazards regression model to estimate risk of readmission, and general linear model to examine the association between substance use disorders and length of hospital stay. Of the total cohort, 4398 (30.17%) were readmitted within 1 year of discharge date. More than half of the cohort were unemployed patients (52.93%). Patients diagnosed with amphetamine use disorder were 1.36 higher risk of pared to no amphetamine disorder (HR = 1.36; CI (1.04, 1.78) |
36196059 | A chromosome-level genome assembly for Dracaena cochinchinensis reveals the molecular basis of its longevity and formation of dragon's blood. | Dracaena, a remarkably long-lived and slowly maturing species of plant, is world famous for its ability to produce dragon's blood, a precious traditional medicine used by different cultures since ancient times. However, there is no detailed and high-quality genome available for this species at present; thus, the molecular mechanisms that underlie its important traits are largely unknown. These factors seriously limit the protection and regeneration of this rare and endangered plant resource. Here, we sequenced and assembled the genome of Dracaena cochinchinensis at the chromosome level. The D. cochinchinensis genome covers 1.21 Gb with a scaffold N50 of 50.06 Mb and encodes 31 619 predicted protein-coding genes. Analysis showed that D. cochinchinensis has undergone two whole-genome duplications and two bursts of long terminal repeat insertions. The expansion of two gene classes, cis-zeatin O-glucosyltransferase and small auxin upregulated RNA, were found to account for its longevity and slow growth. Two transcription factors (bHLH and MYB) were found to be core regulators of the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway, and reactive oxygen species were identified as the specific signaling molecules responsible for the injury-induced formation of dragon's blood. Our study provides high-quality genomic information relating to D. cochinchinensis and significant insight into the molecular mechanisms responsible for its longevity and formation of dragon's blood. These findings will facilitate resource protection and sustainable utilization of Dracaena. |
36196062 | Subjective variables in travel behavior models: a critical review and Standardized Transport Attitude Measurement Protocol (STAMP). | Understanding people's travel behavior is necessary for achieving goals such as increased bicycling and walking, decreased traffic congestion, and adoption of clean-fuel vehicles. To understand underlying motivations, researchers increasingly are adding subjective variables to models of travel behavior. This article presents a systematic review of 158 such studies. Nearly every reviewed article finds subjective variables to be predictive of transport es. However, the 158 reviewed studies include 2864 distinct subjective survey questions. This heterogeneity makes it difficult to reach definitive conclusions about which subjective variables are most important for which transport es. In addition to heterogeneity, challenges of this literature also include an unclear direction of causality and tautological relationships between some subjective variables and behavior. Within the constraints imposed by these challenges, we attempt to evaluate the explanatory power of subjective variables, which subjective variables matter most for which transport choices, and whether the answers to these questions vary between continents. To reduce heterogeneity in future studies, we introduce the Standardized Transport Attitude Measurement Protocol, which identifies a curated set of subjective questions. We have also developed an open-access database of the reviewed studies, including all subjective survey questions and models, with an interactive, searchable interface. |
36196063 | Research on metallic glasses at the atomic scale: a systematic review. | Metallic glasses (MGs) have been long investigated in material science to understand the origin of their remarkable properties. With the help putational simulations, researchers have delved into structure-property relationships, leading to a large number of reports. To quantify the available literature, we employed systematic review and bibliometric analysis on studies related to MGs and classical molecular dynamics simulations from 2000 to 2021. It was found that the total number of articles has increased remarkably, with China and the USA producing more than half of the reports. However, high-impact articles were mainly conducted in the latter. Collaboration networks revealed that top contributor authors are strongly connected with other researchers, which emphasizes the relevance of scientific cooperation. In regard to the evolution of research topics, according to article keywords, plastic behavior has been a recurrent subject since the early 2000s. Nevertheless, the traditional approach of studying monolithic MGs at the short-range order evolved posites with characterizations at the medium-range order, including topics such as nanoglasses, amorphous/crystalline nanolaminates, rejuvenation, among others. As a whole, these findings provide researchers with an overview of past and current trends of research areas, as well as some of the leading authors, productivity statistics, and collaboration networks. |
36196064 | Postoperative nosocomial COVID-19 infection in surgical patients during pandemic: A prospective observational cohort study. | Background: increased pressure on healthcare systems and possible risk of ial COVID-19 infection during pandemic urged many guidelines to severely restrict the number of operations. The aim of this study was to investigate the risk of COVID-19 infection and plications in patients undergoing urgent or elective operations.Methods: a prospective observational cohort study was conducted in a tertiary surgical center and all patients with no preoperative history of COVID-19 undergoing elective or emergent surgeries were included in this investigation. puted tomography (CT) scan or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test were performed on patients before and after surgery. |
36196065 | Using Implementation Science to Inform Workforce and Service Development in Youth Mental Health: An Australian Case Study. | Globally, mental illness and substance use disorders are the leading cause of disability and disease burden for young people. Orygen is an Australian youth mental health organisation with a mission to reduce the impact of mental ill health on young people, families and society, through research, clinical services, advocacy, and the design and delivery of youth mental health workforce and service development initiatives. Orygen is one of only a few known research and clinical centres with a dedicated knowledge translation division, which concentrates on growing the capacity of the systems, services, and professionals who support young people experiencing mental ill health. This paper provides a case study of the workforce development team within the Orygen knowledge translation, outlining how implementation science informs their work and how the division has adapted its model in the face of COVID-19. Since 2017, the team has delivered training to more than 4000 youth mental health workers across Australia, on the topics of trauma, psychosis, mood and anxiety disorders, brief interventions, cognition and other areas of youth mental health. The COVID-19 pandemic generated abrupt and dramatic changes to the delivery of workforce and service development initiatives in Australia due to significant restrictions to travel and in-person events. It also placed major delivery demands on youth mental health services. This paper outlines how the team at Orygen adapted their approach to youth mental health workforce development in response to COVID-19, offering reflections and future directions for implementation science that can support flexible models of support in a changing system. |
36196066 | The Effect of Self-Administration of Medication During Hospitalization on Patient's Self-Efficacy and Medication Adherence After Discharge. | The effect of self-administration of medication (SAM), in which capable hospitalized patients administer medication themselves on medication self-efficacy is inconclusive. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of SAM on medication self-efficacy, adherence and patient satisfaction. |
36196067 | Perceptions of Participants on Trial Participation and Adherence to Tai Chi: A Qualitative Study. | Trial participation and adherence to interventions can directly influence the evaluation of es in clinical trials for real world applications. The factors that influence trial participation and adherence to Tai Chi interventions in people with cardiovascular diseases remains unknown. This study aimed to explore participants' perceptions of influential factors on their trial participation and adherence to a Tai Chi intervention within a trial setting. |
36196068 | Quantitative trait locus mapping of fruit aroma compounds in cucumber ( | The fresh and unique flavor of cucumber fruits, posed of aldehydes and alcohols, is one of its most important fruit qualities. However, little is known about the genetic basis of pounds in cucumber fruit and the related quantitative trait loci (QTLs). In this study, genomic screening of QTLs underlying pounds was performed based on the genetic linkage map constructed using 1301 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers from genotyping-by-sequencing of a binant inbred line (RIL) population developed from Q16 × Q24. Significant genetic variations of pounds in the RIL population were observed, and a total of 28 QTLs were screened. A major QTL ( |
36196069 | The identification of the | This study aims to: (i) identify the |
36196070 | Correction to: Co-silencing of ABA receptors (SlRCAR) reveals interactions between ABA and ethylene signaling during tomato fruit ripening. | [This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac057.]. |
36196071 | Biogeographic and metabolic studies support a glacial radiation hypothesis during | Chrysanthemum ( |
36196072 | Flipping the grant application review process. | The return on research investment resulting from new breakthrough scientific discoveries may be decreasing over time due to the law of diminishing returns, the relative decrease of research funding in terms of purchasing power parity, and various activities gaming the system. By altering the grant-review process, the munity may directly address the third problem. There is evidence that peer reviews of research proposals may lack reliability and may produce invalid or inconsistent ratings. In addition, extreme focus on |
36196073 | When Water Quality Crises Drive Change: A Comparative Analysis of the Policy Processes Behind Major Water Contamination Events. | The occurrence of major water contamination events across the world have been met with varying levels of policy responses. Arsenic-a priority water contaminant globally, occurring naturally in groundwater, causing adverse health effects-is widespread in Bangladesh. However, the policy response has been slow, and marked by ineffectiveness and a lack of accountability. We explore the delayed policy response to the arsenic crisis in Bangladesh parison with water contamination crises in other contexts, using the Multiple Streams Framework pare policy processes. These included |
36196074 | Public perception of urban wildlife during a COVID-19 stay-at-home quarantine order in Chicago. | Reduced human activity to mitigate the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic was panied by reports of unusual wildlife sightings in highly developed areas. Such experiences with urban nature may have helped residents cope with the stress of the pandemic and increased public interest in urban wildlife; however, this may depend on the species residents encountered. In this study, we surveyed Chicago, Illinois, USA residents during a stay-at-home order to understand if residents in more affluent or greener neighborhoods saw more wildlife species. We also evaluated whether encounters with pest and non-pest species were associated with residents' values about wildlife. Of 593 responses included in our analyses, respondents in e and greener neighborhoods were more likely to perceive increased wildlife sightings and respondents in e areas reported observing a higher mon birds and mammals. Support for seeing wildlife in residential areas was associated with seeing passerine birds and not seeing rats during the stay-at-home order. Our results suggest that perceived increases in wildlife sightings mon during a stay-at-home order, especially for affluent residents, and that residents' perceptions depended on the species encountered. Understanding how changes in human behavior modifies human-wildlife interactions can help mitigate human-wildlife conflict and foster positive engagement with local wildlife. |
36196075 | Puerarin improves skeletal muscle strength by regulating gut microbiota in young adult rats. | Sarcopenia is an age-related skeletal muscle dysfunction syndrome that is lacking validated treatments. Maximizing muscle strength in young adulthood may be a promising way to prevent sarcopenia in the elderly. The phytomolecule puerarin has been extensively used in clinical practice and reported to increase energy metabolism in skeletal muscle by directly targeting the skeletal muscle fiber. However, the bioavailability of puerarin is very poor, and almost 93% of puerarin stays in the intestine until excretion. Therefore, we hypothesize that puerarin may regulate gut microbiota to improve skeletal muscle strength and/or mass in adults. |
36196076 | Correlations between paraspinal extensor muscle endurance and clinical outcomes in preoperative LSS patients and clinical value of an endurance classification. | Few study has investigated how paraspinal muscle endurance deteriorates in lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) patients. In addition, little information is available on the relationship between clinical es and the endurance of paraspinal muscles. |
36196078 | $ over Ethics: Higher Education and the Private Prions Industry, a Symptom of the Theology of Neoliberalism. | Neoliberalism's impact on our everyday lives, culture, and institutions is powerful and ubiquitous. One might suspect that higher education, especially non-profit colleges and universities, would be less affected and more resistant to the expansion of market-driven logic and the hyper-capitalist ethos of neoliberalism, but much evidence points to college and university subscription to the tenants of this ideology and practice. This is especially the case as state policy leaders, particularly conservative and neoconservative Republicans, are aggressively disinvesting in higher education, reducing or pletely governmental responsibility to ensure an educated population in favor of market-driven forces. While we provide a brief overview of the corporatized universities of today and its problematic nature, we focus on the impact of corporate donations on universities, with particular attention to the private prison industry's intertwinement with higher education, and specifically the relationship between the GEO Group and Florida Atlantic University. |
36196080 | Evidence and consensus on technical aspects of embryo transfer. | Ultrasound-guided embryo transfer (US-GET) is a widely performed procedure, but standards for the best practice are not available. |
36196081 | ESHRE certification of ART centres for good laboratory and clinical practice. | Three years after the start of the ESHRE ART Centre Certification (ARTCC) programme, what is the current state of the system, in terms of the interest expressed in it and experiences during the assessment of ART services? |
36196079 | Surgical Rescue in a High-volume Urban Emergency General Surgery Service at a Middle-income Country. | The capacity for prompt "rescue" from death in patients plications has e an important marker of the quality of care since mortality and morbidity have been identified as incongruous indicators. This study aims to describe the incidence of "surgical rescue" failure and the es of emergency general surgery (EGS) patients at a large academic medical center. |
36196082 | Nationwide evaluation of energy and indoor air quality predictive control and impact on infection risk for cooling season. | Since the coronavirus disease 2019, the extended time indoors makes people more concerned about indoor air quality, while the increased ventilation in seeks of reducing infection probability has increased the energy usage from heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning systems. In this study, to represent the dynamics of indoor temperature and air quality, a coupled grey-box model is developed. The model is identified and validated using a data-driven approach and real-time measured data of a campus office. To manage building energy usage and indoor air quality, a model predictive control strategy is proposed and developed. The simulation study demonstrated 18.92% energy saving while maintaining good indoor air quality at the testing site. Two nationwide simulation studies assessed the overall energy saving potential and the impact on the infection probability of the proposed strategy in different climate zones. The results showed 20%-40% energy saving in general while maintaining a predetermined indoor air quality setpoint. Although the infection risk is increased due to the reduced ventilation rate, it is still less than the suggested threshold (2%) in general. |
36196083 | Reduced RNA adenosine-to-inosine editing in hippocampus vasculature associated with Alzheimer's disease. | Alzheimer's disease is the mon form of dementia and recent studies identify a type 1 interferon response in Alzheimer's disease possibly driving neuro-inflammation and other Alzheimer's disease pathologies. Loss of adenosine-to-inosine editing of endogenous Alu RNAs results in accumulation of Alu double-stranded RNAs, activation of double-stranded RNA sensors, and induction of interferon and nuclear factor kappa B regulated genes. Here, we investigated if changes in adenosine-to-inosine editing were associated with presence of Alzheimer's disease in total prefrontal cortex, total hippocampus, cortex vasculature and hippocampus vasculature using available RNA sequencing files. We found similar levels of Alu RNA adenosine-to-inosine editing in cortex and cortex vasculature from individuals with Alzheimer's disease or normal cognition at the time of death and brain donation. We found modest and substantial loss of adenosine-to-inosine editing in hippocampus and hippocampus vasculature, respectively, in Alzheimer's disease relative to normal cognition and increased expression of interferon and nuclear factor kappa B regulated genes in hippocampus. Unedited Alu RNAs as found in Alzheimer's disease hippocampus vasculature were potent innate immune activators while edited Alu RNAs as found in normal cognition hippocampus vasculature were weak innate immune activators. Taken together, our results support a model whereby loss of Alu RNA adenosine-to-inosine editing in hippocampus results in innate immune activation that may contribute to Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. |
36196084 | Regional rather than global brain age mediates cognitive function in cerebral small vessel disease. | The factors and mechanisms underlying the heterogeneous cognitive es of cerebral small vessel disease are largely unknown. Brain biological age can be estimated by machine learning algorithms that use large brain MRI data sets to integrate pute neuroimaging-derived age-related features. Predicted and chronological ages difference (brain-age gap) reflects advanced or delayed brain aging in an individual. The present study firstly reports the brain aging status of cerebral small vessel disease. In addition, we investigated whether global or certain regional brain age could mediate the cognitive functions in cerebral small vessel disease. Global and regional (400 cortical, 14 subcortical and 28 cerebellum regions of interest) brain-age prediction models were constructed using grey matter features from MRI of 1482 healthy individuals (age: 18-92 years). Predicted and chronological ages differences were obtained and then applied to non-stroke, non-demented individuals, aged ≥50 years, from munity-dwelling population (I-Lan Longitudinal Aging Study cohort). Among the 734 participants from the I-Lan Longitudinal Aging Study cohort, 124 were classified into the cerebral small vessel disease group. The cerebral small vessel disease group demonstrated significantly poorer performances in global cognitive, verbal memory and executive functions than that of non-cerebral small vessel disease group. Global brain-age gap was significantly higher in the cerebral small vessel disease (3.71 ± 7.60 years) than that in non-cerebral small vessel disease (-0.43 ± 9.47 years) group ( |
36196085 | Brain network dynamics codify heterogeneity in seizure evolution. | Dynamic functional brain connectivity facilitates adaptive cognition and behaviour. Abnormal alterations within such connectivity could result in disrupted functions observed across various neurological conditions. As one of the mon neurological disorders, epilepsy is defined by the seemingly random occurrence of spontaneous seizures. A central but unresolved question concerns the mechanisms by which extraordinarily diverse propagation dynamics of seizures emerge. Here, we applied a graph-theoretical approach to assess dynamic reconfigurations in the functional brain connectivity before, during and after seizures that display heterogeneous propagation patterns despite sharing similar cortical onsets. puted time-varying functional brain connectivity networks from human intracranial recordings of 67 seizures (across 14 patients) that had a focal origin-49 of these focal seizures remained focal and 18 underwent a bilateral spread (focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures). We utilized functional connectivity networks estimated from interictal periods across patients as control. Our results characterize network features that quantify the underlying functional dynamics associated with the observed heterogeneity of seizure propagation across these two types of focal seizures. Decoding these network features demonstrate that bilateral propagation of seizure activity is an e of the imbalance of global integration and segregation in the brain prior to seizure onset. We show that there exist intrinsic network signatures preceding seizure onset that are associated with the extent to which an impending seizure will propagate throughout the brain (i.e. staying within one hemisphere versus spreading transcallosally). Additionally, these features characterize an increase in segregation and a decrease in excitability within the brain network (i.e. high modularity and low spectral radius). Importantly, seizure-type-specific differences in these features emerge several minutes prior to seizure onset, suggesting the potential utility of such measures in intervention strategies. Finally, our results reveal network characteristics |
36196086 | Diaphragmatic pacing for the prevention of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy. | Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy is the leading cause of epilepsy related death. Currently, there are no reliable methods for preventing sudden unexpected death in epilepsy. The precise pathophysiology of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy is unclear; however, convergent lines of evidence suggest that seizure-induced respiratory arrest plays a central role. It is generally agreed that sudden unexpected death in epilepsy could be averted if the patient could be rapidly ventilated following the seizure. The diaphragm is a muscle in the chest which contracts to draw air into the lungs. Diaphragmatic pacing is a surgical intervention which facilitates normal ventilation in situations, such as spinal cord injury and sleep apnoea, in which endogenous respiration would be inadequate or non-existent. In diaphragmatic pacing, electrodes are implanted directly onto diaphragm or adjacent to the phrenic nerves which innervate the diaphragm. These electrodes are then rhythmically stimulated, thereby eliciting contractions of the diaphragm which emulate endogenous breathing. The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that seizure-induced respiratory arrest and death can be prevented with diaphragmatic pacing. Our approach was to induce respiratory arrest using maximal electroshock seizures in adult, male, C57BL6 mice outfitted with EEG and diaphragmatic electrodes ( |
36196087 | Microstructural deficits of the thalamus in major depressive disorder. | Macroscopic structural abnormalities in the thalamus and thalamic circuits have been implicated in the neuropathology of major depressive disorder. However, cytoarchitectonic properties underlying these macroscopic abnormalities remain unknown. Here, we examined systematic deficits of brain architecture in depression, from structural brain network organization to microstructural properties. A multi-modal neuroimaging approach including diffusion, anatomical and quantitative MRI was used to examine structural-related alternations in 56 patients with pared with 35 age- and sex-matched controls. The seed-based probabilistic tractography showed multiple alterations of structural connectivity within a set of subcortical areas and their connections to cortical regions in patients with depression. These subcortical regions included the putamen, thalamus and caudate, which are predominantly involved in the limbic-cortical-striatal-pallidal-thalamic network. Structural connectivity was disrupted within and between large-scale networks, including the subcortical network, default-mode network and salience network. Consistently, morphometric measurements, including cortical thickness and voxel-based morphometry, showed widespread volume reductions of these key regions in patients with depression. A conjunction analysis mon structural alternations of the left orbitofrontal cortex, left putamen, bilateral thalamus and right amygdala across macro-modalities. Importantly, the microstructural properties, longitudinal relaxation time of the left thalamus was increased and inversely correlated with its grey matter volume in patients with depression. Together, this work to date provides the first macro-micro neuroimaging evidence for the structural abnormalities of the thalamus in patients with depression, shedding light on the neuropathological disruptions of the limbic-cortical-striatal-pallidal-thalamic circuit in major depressive disorder. These findings have implications in understanding the abnormal changes of brain structures across the development of depression. |
36196088 | The reduction of astrocytic tau prevents amyloid-β-induced synaptotoxicity. | Alzheimer's disease is a neurological disorder characterized by the overproduction and aggregation of amyloid-beta and the phosphorylation and intraneuronal accumulation of tau. These events promote synaptic dysfunction and loss, leading to neurodegeneration and cognitive deficits. Astrocytes are intimately associated with synapses and e activated under pathological conditions, ing neurotoxic and detrimentally affecting synapses. Although it has been established that reducing neuronal tau expression prevents amyloid-beta-induced toxicity, the role of astrocytic tau in this setting remains understudied. Herein, we performed a series of astrocytic and neuronal primary cultures to evaluate the effects of decreasing astrocytic tau levels on astrocyte-mediated amyloid-beta-induced synaptic degeneration. Our results suggest that the downregulation of tau in astrocytes mitigates the loss of synapses triggered by their exposure to amyloid-beta. Additionally, the absence of tau from astrocytes promotes the upregulation of several synaptoprotective genes, followed by increased production of the neuroprotective factor Pentraxin 3. These results expand our understanding of the contribution of astrocytic tau to the neurodegenerative process induced by amyloid-beta-stimulation and how reducing astrocytic tau could improve astrocyte function by stimulating the expression of synaptoprotective factors. Reducing endogenous astrocytic tau expression could be a potential strategy to prevent synaptic damage in Alzheimer's disease and other neurological conditions. |
36196089 | Targeted transcript analysis in muscles from patients with genetically diverse congenital myopathies. | Congenital myopathies are a group of early onset muscle diseases of variable severity often with characteristic muscle biopsy findings and involvement of specific muscle types. The clinical diagnosis of patients typically relies on histopathological findings and is confirmed by genetic analysis. The monly mutated genes encode proteins involved in skeletal muscle excitation-contraction coupling, calcium regulation, eric proteins and thin-thick filament interaction. However, mutations in genes encoding proteins involved in other physiological functions (for example mutations in |
36196091 | Risk Factors for Urologic Complications After Kidney Transplantation and Impact in Graft Survival. | Kidney transplantation (KT) is the best therapy for chronic kidney disease (CKD). Major plications (MUCs) are the second etiology associated to morbidity and graft loss following KT, after rejection episodes. The objective of this study was to estimate the incidence, risk factors and impact on graft survival associated to plications in KT patients. |
36196094 | Experiences During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Survey of Biosafety Professionals. | Biosafety professionals were called to action during the COVID-19 pandemic. They were tasked with prescribing measures to keep workers and munity safe while often not having accurate information at their fingertips. Understanding biosafety professionals' experiences may help shape new approaches that could further advance preparedness and resilience goals for future pandemics. This article discusses the overall response efforts of the munity. |
36196095 | Biosafety Practices When Working with Bats: A Guide to Field Research Considerations. | Field work with bats is an important contribution to many areas of research in environmental biology and ecology, as well as microbiology. Work with bats poses hazards such as bites and scratches, and the potential for exposure to infectious pathogens such as rabies virus. It also exposes researchers to many other potential hazards inherent to field work, such as environmental conditions, delayed emergency responses, or challenging work conditions. |
36196096 | Aerosolised micro and nanoparticle: formulation and delivery method for lung imaging. | The application of contrast and tracing agents is essential for lung imaging, as indicated by the wide use in recent decades and the discovery of various new contrast and tracing agents. Different aerosol production and pulmonary administration methods have been developed to improve lung imaging quality. This review details and discusses the ideal characteristics of aerosol administered via pulmonary delivery for lung imaging and the methods for the production and pulmonary administration of dry or liquid aerosol. |
36196097 | Trauma Ultrasound Training for Latin American Countries. | The Pan-American Trauma Society (PTS) developed a Trauma and Emergency Ultrasound Course (USET) in response to the requirement for trauma ultrasound training for low-and e countries. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of this course. |
36196099 | Recovering Rare Earth Elements from Coal Mine Drainage Using Industrial Byproducts: Environmental and Economic Consequences. | Coal mine drainage (CMD) impairs tens of thousands of kilometers of U.S. waterways each year, in part with the leaching of low concentrations of rare earth elements (REEs). REEs are essential for modern technologies, yet economically viable natural deposits are geospatially limited, thus engendering geopolitical concerns, and their mining is energy intense and environmentally destructive. This work summarizes laboratory-scale experimental results of a trap-extract-precipitate (TEP) process and uses the mass and energy balances to estimate the economic costs and environmental impacts of the TEP. The TEP process uses the alkalinity and filtering capacity of stabilized flue gas desulfurization (sFGD) material or water treatment plant (WTP) sludge to remediate CMD waters and extract REEs. Passive treatment systems that use WTP sludge are cheaper than those that use sFGD material ($89,300/year or $86/gT-REE vs. $89,800/year or $278/gT-REE) and have improved environmental performance across all indicators from two different impact assessment methods. These differences are largely attributable to the larger neutralizing capacity of WTP sludge in the treatment application. |
36196098 | A Path Toward Systemic Equity in Life Cycle Assessment and Decision-Making: Standardizing Sociodemographic Data Practices. | Social equity has been a concept of interest for many years, gaining increased focus from energy and munities. The equitable development, collection, and reporting of sociodemographic data (e.g., data related to socioeconomic status, race, and ethnicity) are needed to help meet several of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (i.e., Affordable and Clean Energy; Reduce Inequalities; Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions; and Partnerships for the Goals). Yet, there has not been a consolidation of relevant concepts and application framing in energy and environmental life cycle assessment and decision-making practices. Our study aims to help fill this gap by consolidating existing knowledge on relevant equity applications, providing examples of sociodemographic data needs, and presenting a path toward a more holistic equity administration. In this critique, we present a framework for integrating equity in energy and environmental research and practitioner settings, which we call systemic equity. Systemic equity requires the simultaneous and effective administration of resources (i.e., distributive equity), policies (i.e., procedural equity), and addressing the cultural needs of the systematically marginalized (i.e., recognitional equity). To help mon language and shared understanding for when equity is ineffectively administered, we present ostensible equity (i.e., when resource and policy needs are met, but cultural needs are inadequately met), aspirational equity (i.e., when policy and cultural needs are met, but resources are inadequate), and exploitational equity (i.e., when resource and cultural needs are met, but policies are inadequate). We close by establishing an adaptive 10-step process for developing standard sociodemographic data practices. The systemic equity framework and 10-step process are translatable to other practitioner and munities. Nonetheless, energy and environmental scientists, in collaboration with transdisciplinary stakeholders, should administer this framework and process urgently. |
36196100 | Healthcare Access Among Individuals of Asian Descent in the U.S. | Some groups of Asian Americans, especially Asian Indians, experience higher rates of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease pared with other groups in the U.S. Barriers in accessing medical care partly may explain this higher risk as a result of delayed screening for cardiovascular risk factors and timely initiation of preventive treatment. |
36196101 | A Multi-Site Survey Study of Patient Satisfaction with Teledermatology. | Telemedicine has been of heightened focus due to spikes in usage during the COVID-19 pandemic. Disparities in health care may affect patient satisfaction with this resource depending on factors such as patient race, age, or socioeconomic background. The purpose of this study was to analyze patient satisfaction with teledermatology to identify any differences in satisfaction based on race, age, and e during the COVID-19 pandemic period. |
36196103 | The Influence of the STORM Program and Other Elective Experiences During the Summer Between the First and Second Year on Medical Students' Career Interests. | The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of the Summer Training Option in Rural Medicine (STORM) program and other elective experiences during the summer between the first and second pre-clerkship years of medical school on medical students' career intentions. |
36196102 | Millennials Seeking Healthcare: Examining the Degree to Which Patients Utilize Online Resources. | According to the 2020 U.S. Census, a Silver Tsunami is looming, with more than 75.4 million persons aged 57 to 75 expected to need more costly medical care. However, a larger wave of 83.1 million Millennials nearing adulthood is approaching rapidly. Therefore, it is important to understand how this population finds their physician and what may influence this decision. |
36196104 | Clinical Rotation Handbook Promotes Orthopaedic Resident Wellness: A Quality Improvement Study. | Transitioning from one clinical rotation to the next may be particularly stressful for orthopaedic residents attempting to navigate new work environments with new faculty mentors and new patients. The purpose of this quality improvement (QI) project was to determine if resident stress could be improved by using a handbook to disseminate key rotation-specific data during quarterly rotation transition periods. |
36196105 | A Measure of Burnout in Current NCAA Student-Athletes. | The prevalence of athletes who specialize in sports has increased in recent years. Substantial literature on youth sports has linked early sport specialization to negative consequences, such as burnout and injury. However, empirical paring rates of burnout and specialization in NCAA athletes is limited. The purpose of this study was to survey current NCAA Division I student-athletes pare levels of burnout to sex, year of NCAA eligibility, and age at the beginning of sport specialization. |
36196106 | Birth Outcomes Related to Distance in Rural and Frontier Kansas. | Women from munities must travel greater distances to secure obstetrical care. This study sought the extent to which distance traveled by mothers for obstetrical services affects birth es in rural and frontier counties of Kansas. |
36196107 | Lessons Learned from Implementing Unconscious Bias Training at an Academic Medical Center. | In 2018, our Midwestern university medical center began offering unconscious bias training. Each session concluded with a standard evaluation. We analyzed two years of data that focused on three areas: 1) whether demographic differences or amount of prior knowledge on the topic influenced the training experience; 2) what participants liked best about the training; and 3) whether participants' stated intentions to apply their learning at the end of the training aligned with institutional goals of the training. |
36196110 | Recent progress on BFT in the era of blockchains. | This perspective highlights some recent progress on the research of Byzantine fault tolerant (BFT) consensus protocol in the era of blockchains, including both partially synchronous BFT and asynchronous BFT protocols, their fundamental building blocks, and their variants. |
36196109 | Beginning: China's national park system. | At the leaders' summit of the 15th Meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (COP15) on 12 October 2021, China's President Xi Jinping declared that China has officially designated its first group of national parks-the Three-River-Source National Park, the Giant Panda National Park, the Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park, the Hainan Tropical Forests National Park, and the Wuyishan National Park. The five national parks cover a total area of ∼230 000 square kilometers and protect nearly 30% of the key terrestrial wildlife species found in China. Since the establishment of the United States' Yellowstone National Park in 1872, national parks have been founded in many countries, and some of them have e distinctive 'national signatures' and important ecological security shelters. As a large country with rich biodiversity, China now begins to establish its first five national parks, with a total of about 50 planned for the future, and to form a national-park-centric protected-area system. How will national parks change the landscape of China's ecological conservation? Is China well prepared to scientifically establish and administrate national parks? In this panel discussion, six Chinese ecological conservationists introduce the background, plans and challenges of China's national park system, and provide their scientific perspectives. Guangchun Lei Professor, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University Zhiyun Ouyang Professor, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences Yang Su Research Fellow, Development Research Center of the State Council of China Rui Yang Professor, Institute for National Parks, Tsinghua University Yujun Zhang Professor, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University Keping Ma (Chair) Professor, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences. |
36196112 | Decoupling engineering of formamidinium-cesium perovskites for efficient photovoltaics. | Although pure formamidinium iodide perovskite (FAPbI |
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