question
stringlengths 35
5.28k
| answer
stringlengths 1
230
| options
dict | meta_info
stringclasses 2
values | answer_idx
stringclasses 4
values | metamap_phrases
sequencelengths 1
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κ°μ©μ± Fas λ¨λ°±μ§μ μνΈννλ mRNAμ λ°νμ μΈν¬κ° νλ‘κ·Έλ¨λ μΈν¬ μ¬λ©Έμ κ²ͺλ κ²μ λ§μ΅λλ€. κ·Έλ¬λ νΉμ μμμ ν¬ν¨μν¨ ν, μ΄ λμΌν Fas pre-mRNAλ κ²°κ΅ λ§ κ²°ν© λ¨λ°±μ§μ λ²μμ μ λνμ¬, μ΄ν μΈν¬κ° μν½ν μμ€λ₯Ό κ²ͺλλ‘ μ΄μ§ν©λλ€. λ€μ μ€ μ΄ λ°κ²¬μ κ°μ₯ μ μ€λͺ
νλ κ²μ 무μμ
λκΉ? | Alternative splicing | {
"A": "μΌκΈ° μ μ 볡ꡬ",
"B": "νμ€ν€ νμμΈνΈν",
"C": "λ²μ ν λ³ν",
"D": "λμμ μ€νλΌμ΄μ±"
} | step1 | D | [
"Expression",
"mRNA encoding",
"a soluble form",
"protein prevents",
"cell",
"programmed",
"death",
"inclusion",
"certain exon",
"same",
"pre-mRNA",
"leads",
"translation",
"protein",
"membrane bound",
"promoting",
"cell to",
"apoptosis",
"following best",
"finding"
] | 00000000000000010133 |
36μΈ μ¬μ±μ΄ μ§λ 4κ°μ λμ μ λ€κΈ° μ΄λ ΅λ€κ³ νΈμν©λλ€. μμΈν λ³λ ₯ μ²μ·¨ κ²°κ³Ό, κ·Έλ
λ λ°€ 8μ 30λΆμ λ§μ§λ§ μ°¨λ₯Ό λ§μκ³ λ°€ 10μ 30λΆμ μ μ리μ λ λ€κ³ ν©λλ€. κ·Έλ° λ€μ μ λ€κΈ° μ κΉμ§ ν μκ° λμ ν΄λν°μΌλ‘ μκ°μ λ΄
λλ€. μμΉ¨μλ νΌκ³€νκ³ μ§μ₯μμ μ€μλ₯Ό ν©λλ€. λ¨νΈμ μλ©΄ μ€ κ³Όλν μ½κ³¨μ΄λ λΉμ μμ μΈ νΈν‘μ μμμ°¨λ¦¬μ§ λͺ»νμ΅λλ€. λ³λ ₯μ νΉμ΄μ¬νμ΄ μμ΅λλ€. κ·Έλ
λ 7λ
λμ λ§€μΌ 5-7κ°λΉμ λ΄λ°°λ₯Ό νΌμ κ³ κ³Όλν μμ£Όλ λΆμΈν©λλ€. μ 체 κ²μ¬λ μ μμ
λλ€. λ€μ μ€ μ΄ νμ μν κ΄λ¦¬μ μμ΄ κ°μ₯ μ μ ν μ΄κΈ° λ¨κ³λ 무μμ
λκΉ? | Proper sleep hygiene | {
"A": "Proper sleep hygiene",
"B": "Modafinil",
"C": "Continuous positive airway pressure",
"D": "Ropinirole"
} | step2&3 | A | [
"36 year old woman",
"difficulty falling asleep",
"past",
"months",
"detailed history taking",
"drinks",
"last cup",
"tea",
"30",
"m",
"retiring",
"10 30",
"m",
"then",
"time",
"cell phone",
"hour",
"falling asleep",
"morning",
"tired",
"makes mistakes",
"work",
"husband",
"not",
"excessive snoring",
"abnormal breathing",
"sleep",
"Medical history",
"unremarkable",
"smoked 57 cigarettes daily",
"years",
"denies excess alcohol consumption",
"physical examination",
"normal",
"following",
"best initial step",
"management",
"patients condition"
] | 00000000000000010134 |
45μΈ λ¨μ±μ΄ μλ³΅λΆ ν΅μ¦μ νΈμνλ©° μκΈμ€μ λ΄μνμ΅λλ€. κ·Έλ μ§μμ λ λ²μ νμ‘ κ΅¬ν λ₯Ό νλ€κ³ λ³΄κ³ νμ΅λλ€. κ·Έλ 15λ
λμ λ§€μΌ 30-40κ°λΉμ λ΄λ°°λ₯Ό νΌμ μ΅λλ€. κ·Έλ λ€λ₯Έ μ§λ³μ μμΌλ©°, μ΄λ€ μ½λ¬Όλ 볡μ©νμ§ μκ³ , μ λ λ§μμ§ μμ΅λλ€. μκΈμ€μ μλ λμ, κ·Έλ λ°μ λΆμ νΌλ₯Ό μΉ¨λ μ λμΌμ ν νκ³ , μ΄μ§λ¬μμ λλλλ€. νμμ 86/40 mm Hg, λ§₯λ°μ 120/min, νΈν‘μλ 24/minμ
λλ€. κ·Έμ νΌλΆλ μ°¨κ°κ³ , μ°½λ°±νλ©°, μΌλ£©λ룩ν©λλ€. λ€μ μ€ μ΄ νμμ μνμ νΉμ§μ 무μμ
λκΉ? | β peripheral vascular resistance | {
"A": "β pulmonary capillary wedge pressure",
"B": "β peripheral vascular resistance",
"C": "β peripheral vascular resistance",
"D": "Initial β of hemoglobin and hematocrit concentration"
} | step2&3 | B | [
"year old man presents",
"emergency department",
"upper abdominal pain",
"reports vomiting blood",
"times at home",
"smoked",
"cigarettes daily",
"years",
"well",
"takes",
"medications",
"use",
"alcohol",
"emergency department",
"vomits bright red blood",
"basin",
"light-headed",
"Blood pressure",
"40 mm Hg",
"pulse",
"min",
"respiratory rate",
"min",
"skin",
"cool",
"touch",
"pale",
"mottled",
"following",
"feature",
"patients"
] | 00000000000000010135 |
11μΈ λ¨μ μμ΄κ° μ§λ 3μΌ λμ μΈνν΅, λ°μ΄, μ€ν, μΌν€κΈ° μ΄λ €μμ νΈμνλ©° λ΄μνμ΅λλ€. νμμ μ΄λ¨Έλλ μ΄μ ―λ°€μ μ¨κ°μ¨κ³Ό λν΅μ΄ μμλ€κ³ λ§ν©λλ€. κ³Όκ±° λ³λ ₯μ νΉμ΄μ¬νμ΄ μμ΅λλ€. νμλ μ΄λ¨Έλκ° "λΆνμνλ€"κ³ μκ°νμ¬ μλ°© μ μ’
μ λ°μ§ μμμ΅λλ€. 체μ¨μ 38.3Β°C (101.0Β°F), νμμ 120/70 mm Hg, λ§₯λ°μ 110/min, νΈν‘μλ 18/minμ
λλ€. μ 체 κ²μ¬μμ νμλ μν 보μ΄κ³ νμ μ¦μΈλ₯Ό 보μ
λλ€. ꡬμΈλμλ νλ°±μ λ§κ³Ό μΈλ νλ°μ΄ μμ΅λλ€. μλΉν κ²½λΆ λ¦Όνμ λ³μ¦λ μμ΅λλ€. μΈν λ©΄λ΄ κ²μ¬λ₯Ό μ€μνκ³ κ·Έλ μΌμμ ν κ²°κ³Ό, μμμ neutrophilsμ ν¨κ» κ·Έλ μμ± κ³€λ΄ λͺ¨μμ κ°κ· μ΄ λνλ¬μ΅λλ€. λ€μ μ€ μ΄ νμμ μΈν λ©΄λ΄μ μΈκ· λ°°μ κ²°κ³Όλ‘ κ°μ₯ κ°λ₯μ±μ΄ λμ κ²μ 무μμ
λκΉ? | Small black colonies on tellurite agar | {
"A": "Tellurite agarμμ μμ κ²μμ μ½λ‘λ",
"B": "Blood agarμμ μ©νμ± κ²μμ μ½λ‘λ",
"C": "Loeffler's serumμμ νΈλ₯΄μ€λ¦ν λ
Ήμ μ½λ‘λ",
"D": "Thayer-Martin agarμμ νλ°±μ μ½λ‘λ"
} | step1 | A | [
"year old boy presents",
"sore throat",
"fever",
"chills",
"difficulty swallowing",
"past 3 days",
"patients mother",
"last night",
"short of breath",
"headache",
"Past medical history",
"unremarkable",
"patient",
"not",
"vaccinated",
"mother thinks",
"temperature",
"3C",
"blood pressure",
"70 mm Hg",
"pulse",
"min",
"respiratory rate",
"min",
"physical examination",
"patient",
"ill appearing",
"dehydrated",
"grayish white membrane",
"pharyngeal erythema",
"present",
"oropharynx",
"Significant cervical lymphadenopathy",
"present",
"throat swab",
"taken",
"gram staining shows gram-positive club-shaped bacilli",
"neutrophils",
"following",
"most likely",
"result",
"bacterial culture",
"throat swab",
"patient"
] | 00000000000000010136 |
25μΈ λ¨μ±μ΄ μλ‘μ΄ μμλ μ¬κ³νμ§κ³Ό μ€λ₯Έμ λ¨λ¦ΌμΌλ‘ μμ¬λ₯Ό μ°Ύμμμ΅λλ€. κ·Έλ νμλ³΄λ€ λ νλμ μΈ λλμ λ°μ§λ§, μ΄μ ν¨κ» μ μ λ νΌλ‘κ°μ λλλλ€. κ·Έλ μ§λ 2κ°μ λμ μ½ 3 kg (6.6 lb)μ 체μ€μ΄ κ°μνμΌλ©°, μ¦μμ λν΄ λ§€μ° λΆμν΄ν©λλ€. κ·Έλ 15λ
μ μ κ²½λͺ¨μΈν¬μ’
μμ μμ‘΄νμΌλ©° μ μ¬μ μΈ ν©λ³μ¦μ μΈμ§νκ³ μμ΅λλ€. μ 체 κ²μ¬μμ μ½ 2 cm ν¬κΈ°μ κ²°μ μ΄ μ€λ₯Έμͺ½ κ°μμ μμ½μμ μ΄μ§λλ©°, κ°μμ μ λ¨λ¨νκ³ μν΅μ΄ μμ΅λλ€. λ¦Όνμ λ³μ¦μ μμ΅λλ€. κ·Έμ νμμ 118/75 mm Hg, νΈν‘μλ 17/min, λ§₯λ°μ 87/min, 체μ¨μ 37.5Β°C (99.5Β°F)μ
λλ€. λ€μ μ€ μ΄ νμμ κ΄λ¦¬μ κ°μ₯ μ μ ν λ€μ λ¨κ³λ 무μμ
λκΉ? | Fine needle aspiration with cytology | {
"A": "μ΄μν κ²μ¬",
"B": "μΈν¬ κ²μ¬λ₯Ό λλ°ν μΈμΉ¨ ν‘μΈ κ²μ¬",
"C": "νμ λͺ¨λν°λ§",
"D": "κ°μμ νΈλ₯΄λͺ¬ λ체 μλ²"
} | step2&3 | B | [
"year old man presents",
"physician",
"new-onset palpitations",
"tremors in",
"right hand",
"feels more active",
"usual",
"feeling fatigued",
"lost",
"kg",
"6.6",
"last",
"months",
"feels very anxious",
"symptoms",
"survived neuroblastoma",
"years",
"aware",
"potential complications",
"examination",
"nodule",
"size of",
"palpated",
"right thyroid lobule",
"gland",
"firm",
"nontender",
"lymphadenopathy",
"blood pressure",
"75 mm Hg",
"respirations",
"min",
"pulse",
"87 min",
"temperature",
"99",
"following",
"best next step",
"management",
"patient"
] | 00000000000000010137 |
μ κΈ°λμ₯μμ μΌνλ 27μΈ λ¨μ±μ΄ μ μΆ© κΈ°μμΆ©μΈ N. americanus κ°μΌμΌλ‘ μ§λ¨λ°μμ΅λλ€. νΈμ°κ΅¬λ ν체 μμ‘΄μ± μΈν¬ λ
μ±μ ν΅ν΄ μ΄λ¬ν κΈ°μμΆ©μ νκ΄΄νκΈ° μν΄ μ΄λ€ ν체 μμ΄μνμ
μ νμλ‘ ν©λκΉ? | IgE | {
"A": "IgA",
"B": "IgE",
"C": "IgM",
"D": "IgG"
} | step1 | B | [
"27 year old male",
"works",
"organic farm",
"diagnosed",
"infection",
"N",
"helminthic parasite",
"Eosinophils",
"antibody isotype to destroy",
"parasites",
"antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity"
] | 00000000000000010138 |
45μΈ λ¨μ±μ΄ μ μ§ λ°μμ μ°λ¬μ§ μ± λ°κ²¬λμ΄ μκΈμ€λ‘ μ΄μ‘λμμ΅λλ€. κ·Έλ μ μμ νμΈν μ μλ μ λ³΄κ° μμΌλ©° κΉ¨μ°κΈ°κ° μ΄λ ΅μ΅λλ€. λ΄μ μ 체μ¨μ 101.2Β°F (38.4Β°C), νμμ 109/72 mmHg, λ§₯λ°μ 102/min, νΈν‘μλ 18/minμ
λλ€. μ 체 κ²μ¬ κ²°κ³Ό, νλ νΈν‘κ³Ό μ μ±μ΄ μλ λΆμ κ°λλ₯Ό λλ°ν κΈ°μΉ¨μ νλ μν 보μ΄λ ννΈλ¬μ§ λ¨μλ‘ λνλ¬μ΅λλ€. ν μ²μ§ κ²°κ³Ό νμμ μ’μΈ‘ μμ½μ κ²½νκ° λνλ¬μ΅λλ€. μ΄λ¬ν μ견μ λ°νμΌλ‘ λ°°μ κ²μ¬λ₯Ό μ€μνκ³ κ΄λ²μ νμμ λ₯Ό ν¬μ¬ν©λλ€. μ΄ κ²½μ° κ°μ₯ κ°λ₯μ±μ΄ λμ μ 기체λ₯Ό λ°°μνκΈ° μν΄ λ€μ μ€ μ΄λ€ μ’
λ₯μ νμ² λ°°μ§λ₯Ό μ¬μ©ν΄μΌ ν κΉμ? | MacConkey agar | {
"A": "Blood agar",
"B": "Eaton agar",
"C": "LΓΆwenstein-Jensen agar",
"D": "MacConkey agar"
} | step1 | D | [
"year old man",
"brought",
"emergency department",
"found",
"bar",
"not",
"identifying information",
"difficult",
"presentation",
"temperature",
"4C",
"blood pressure",
"72 mmHg",
"pulse",
"min",
"respirations",
"min",
"Physical exam reveals",
"ill appearing",
"man",
"labored breathing",
"coughing productive",
"viscous red sputum",
"Lung auscultation demonstrates consolidation",
"left upper lobe",
"patient",
"Given",
"findings",
"cultures",
"obtained",
"broad spectrum antibiotics",
"administered",
"following agar types",
"used",
"culture",
"most organism",
"case"
] | 00000000000000010139 |
6μΈ μ¬μκ° μλ‘μ΄ μ£ΌμΉμμ μ§λ£λ₯Ό μμνκΈ° μν΄ λΆλͺ¨μ ν¨κ» μμ¬ μ§λ£μ€μ λ°©λ¬Ένμ΅λλ€. νμλ μ΅κ·Ό μ
μλμμΌλ©°, λΆλͺ¨λ νμμ μΆμ μ΄λ ₯μ μμ§ λͺ»ν©λλ€. κ·Έλ¬λ νμλ νΌλ‘κ°μ νΈμν μ μ΄ μμ΅λλ€. μ
μ κΈ°κ΄μμλ νμκ° κ³Όκ±°μ "μ νꡬ μμΉ"λ‘ μΈν΄ μνμ λ°μμΌ νλ€κ³ λ§νμ§λ§, λΆλͺ¨λ μ΄λ¬ν μνμ μ΄μ λ₯Ό μμ§ λͺ»ν©λλ€. νμμ 체μ¨μ 37.8Β°C (99.8Β°F), νμμ 110/84 mmHg, λ§₯λ°μ 95/minμ
λλ€. μ 체 κ²μ¬μμ κ²°λ§ μ°½λ°±, μ°½λ°±ν νΌλΆ, κ²½λ―Έν λΉμ₯ λΉλκ° λνλ¬μ΅λλ€. λ€μ κ²°κ³Όμ ν¨κ» μ§λ£μ€μμ μ νꡬ κ²μ¬λ₯Ό μ€μνμ΅λλ€.
Hemoglobin: 6.8 g/dL
Leukocyte count: 5,000/mm^3
Platelet count: 190,000/mm^3
λ§μ΄ νμ‘ λλ§ κ²μ¬μμ κ°μμΈν¬κ° κ΄μ°°λμμΌλ©°, μΆκ° λΆμ κ²°κ³Ό μ νꡬ κ°μ§μ΄ λνλ¬μ΅λλ€. μ΄ νμμ μ¦μμ μ λ°νλ κ°μ₯ μ λ ₯ν μμΈμ λ€μ μ μ λ°©μ μ€ μ΄λ€ κ²μ
λκΉ? | Autosomal recessive | {
"A": "μμΌμ체 μ΄μ±",
"B": "X-linked dominant",
"C": "X-linked recessive",
"D": "λ―Έν μ½λ리μ μ μ "
} | step1 | A | [
"year old girl",
"parents",
"physicians office to initiate care",
"new physician",
"patient",
"recently adopted",
"parents",
"not",
"birth history",
"issues",
"fatigue",
"adoption agency",
"patient",
"required blood transfusions",
"low",
"count",
"past",
"not aware",
"reason",
"transfusions",
"temperature",
"99",
"blood pressure",
"84 mmHg",
"pulse",
"95 min",
"Physical examination",
"notable",
"conjunctival pallor",
"pale skin",
"mild splenomegaly",
"complete blood count",
"taken",
"office",
"following results",
"Hemoglobin",
"g/dL Leukocyte count",
"5",
"mm",
"Platelet count",
"mm",
"Peripheral smear shows echinocytes",
"further analysis reveals rigid red blood cells",
"most likely cause",
"patient's symptoms",
"of",
"following modes",
"inheritance"
] | 00000000000000010140 |
63μΈ μ¬μ±μ΄ μ¬ν 볡ν΅κ³Ό μ§λ 3μκ° λμμ ꡬν λ‘ μΈν΄ μκΈμ€λ‘ μ΄μ‘λμμ΅λλ€. κ·Έλ
λ μ΄μ μ 10-15λΆ λμ μ§μλμκ³ μ μ°μ λ‘ ν΄κ²°λ 볡ν΅μ λ³λ ₯μ λ³΄κ³ ν©λλ€. κ·Έλ
λ λΈκ³Ό μμ£Όλ€κ³Ό ν¨κ» μ΄κ³ μμ΅λλ€. κ·Έλ
λ μλ
μ λ¨νΈκ³Ό μ΄νΌνμ΅λλ€. κ·Έλ
λ μμμ΄ λͺ
λ£νκ³ μ§λ¨λ ₯μ΄ μμ΅λλ€. κ·Έλ
μ 체μ¨μ 37.3Β°C (99.1Β°F)μ΄κ³ , λ§₯λ°μ 134ν/λΆμ΄λ©°, νμμ 90/70 mm Hgμ
λλ€. 볡λΆλ κ²½μ§λμ΄ μκ³ κ΄λ²μνκ² μν΅μ΄ μμ΅λλ€. λ°©μ΄ λ° λ°λ° μν΅μ΄ λνλ©λλ€. μ§μ₯ κ²μ¬μμ ν¨λͺ°λ μ§μ₯μ΄ λ³΄μ
λλ€. 0.9% saline μ£Όμ
μ΄ μμλκ³ , λ³΅λΆ CTμμ μ₯ μ²κ³΅μ΄ λνλ©λλ€. μΈκ³Όμλ νμμκ² κΈ΄κΈ νμμ κ°λ³΅μ μ νμμ±μ λ
Όμνκ³ κ·Έλ
λ μμ μ λμν©λλ€. μλ©΄ λμμλ₯Ό λ°μμ΅λλ€. μμ μ€λ‘ κΈ΄κΈ μ΄μ‘μ κΈ°λ€λ¦¬λ λκΈ° ꡬμμμ κ·Έλ
λ μΈκ³Όμλ₯Ό λΆλ¬ λ μ΄μ μμ μ μνμ§ μλλ€κ³ μ립λλ€. κ·Έλ κ·Έλ
μκ² μμ μ νμ§ μμ κ²½μ°μ μνμ μ€λͺ
νκ³ κ·Έλ
λ μ΄ν΄νλ€κ³ λ§νμ§λ§ μμ μ μ§ννμ§ μκ² λ€λ μμ§κ° νκ³ ν©λλ€. λ€μ μ€ κ°μ₯ μ μ ν κ΄λ¦¬ λ¨κ³λ 무μμ
λκΉ? | Cancel the surgery | {
"A": "Cancel the surgery",
"B": "Consult the hospital's ethics committee",
"C": "Continue with the emergency life-saving surgery",
"D": "Wait until the patient is unconscious, then proceed with surgery"
} | step2&3 | A | [
"63 year old woman",
"brought",
"emergency department",
"severe abdominal",
"vomiting",
"past",
"hours",
"reports previous episodes of abdominal pain",
"lasted",
"minutes",
"resolved",
"antacids",
"lives with",
"daughter",
"grandchildren",
"divorced",
"husband",
"year",
"alert",
"oriented",
"temperature",
"3C",
"99",
"pulse",
"min",
"blood pressure",
"90 70 mm Hg",
"abdomen",
"rigid",
"tender",
"Guarding",
"rebound tenderness",
"present",
"rectal examination shows",
"collapsed rectum",
"Infusion",
"0.9",
"saline",
"begun",
"CT of",
"abdomen shows intestinal perforation",
"surgeon discusses",
"patient",
"need",
"emergent exploratory laparotomy",
"agrees",
"surgery",
"Written informed consent",
"obtained",
"holding area",
"emergent transport",
"operating room",
"calls",
"surgeon",
"informs",
"longer",
"surgery",
"risks",
"not performing",
"surgery",
"understands",
"not",
"surgery",
"following",
"most appropriate next step",
"management"
] | 00000000000000010141 |
λ°λ¬ μ§μ°μ΄ μλ 5μΈ λ¨μκ° λ¬΄λ¦, νκΏμΉμ κ΅½ν λΆμ, κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ λκΊΌν μ£Όλ³μ 'κ°λ €μ΄ λ°μ§'μ νΈμνλ©° μμκ³Ό μ§λ£μ€μ λ°©λ¬Ένμ΅λλ€. νμμ μ΄λ¨Έλλ μ΄ λ°μ§μ΄ μμκΈ°λΆν° μ¬λ°κ³Ό μνλ₯Ό λ°λ³΅νλ κ²½κ³Όλ₯Ό 보μλ€κ³ μΈκΈνμ΅λλ€. νλ ₯ μ§νλ μ μ λ²μ λ΄μ μμ΅λλ€. μ 체 κ²μ¬ κ²°κ³Ό νμμ νΌλΆμ λͺ¨λ°μ μ μμ μΉ¨μ°©μ΄ κ΄μ°°λμμΌλ©°, λκ³Ό μλ³μμ κ³°ν‘μ΄ λμκ° λ¬μ΅λλ€. νμμ μ¦μκ³Ό λ³λ ₯μ λ°νμΌλ‘ λ€μ μ€ κ°μ₯ μ μ ν μμ΄ κΆκ³ λ 무μμ
λκΉ? | Avoid meat | {
"A": "μ μ ν κ³ΌμΌ μμ·¨λ₯Ό νΌνμμμ€.",
"B": "μ‘λ₯ μμ·¨λ₯Ό νΌνμμμ€.",
"C": "λΉ΅ μμ·¨λ₯Ό λ리μμμ€.",
"D": "μ μ ν μμ·¨λ₯Ό λ리μμμ€."
} | step1 | B | [
"5 year old boy",
"developmental delays presents",
"pediatricians office",
"itchy rash",
"flexor surfaces of",
"knees",
"elbows",
"eyelids",
"patients mother notes",
"rashes",
"relapsing-remitting course",
"child",
"infant",
"Vital signs",
"normal",
"Physical examination shows hypopigmentation of the patients skin",
"hair",
"musty odor",
"sweat",
"urine",
"Based",
"patients symptoms",
"history",
"following",
"most appropriate dietary recommendation"
] | 00000000000000010142 |
45μΈ λ¨μ±μ΄ μ°μΈ‘ λμ μ μ§μ μΈ ν΅μ¦κ³Ό νλ¦Ών μλ ₯μ 1μΌ μ΄λ ₯μΌλ‘ μΈν΄ μμ¬λ₯Ό μ°Ύμμμ΅λλ€. ν΅μ¦μΌλ‘ μΈν΄ λμ λ¨λ λ° μ΄λ €μμ κ²ͺκ³ μμ΅λλ€. κ·Έμ μ’μΈ‘ λμ 무μ¦μμ
λλ€. κ·Έλ μ½ννΈ λ μ¦λ₯Ό μ°©μ©ν©λλ€. κ·Έλ ν‘μ
μ± salbutamolλ‘ μΉλ£λ°λ κΈ°κ΄μ§ μ²μμ΄ μμ΅λλ€. κ·Έλ μ μΉμ κ΅μ¬λ‘ μΌν©λλ€. κ·Έμ 체μ¨μ 37Β°C (98.6Β°F), λ§₯λ°μ 85ν/λΆ, νμμ 135/75 mm Hgμ
λλ€. κ²μ¬ κ²°κ³Ό μ’μΈ‘ λμ μλ ₯μ 20/25μ΄κ³ μ°μΈ‘ λμ 3νΌνΈ 거리μμ μκ°λ½μ μ
μ μλ λ₯λ ₯μ΄ μμ΅λλ€. μ°μΈ‘ λμ μ¬μ§μ΄ μ μλ©λλ€. λ€μ μ€ κ°μ₯ κ°λ₯μ±μ΄ λμ μ§λ¨μ 무μμ
λκΉ? | Pseudomonas keratitis | {
"A": "Staphylococcus aureus keratitis",
"B": "Pseudomonas keratitis",
"C": "Angle-closure glaucoma",
"D": "Herpes zoster keratitis"
} | step2&3 | B | [
"year old man",
"physician",
"1-day history",
"progressive pain",
"blurry vision",
"right eye",
"difficulties opening",
"eye",
"pain",
"left eye",
"asymptomatic",
"contact lenses",
"bronchial asthma treated with inhaled salbutamol",
"works",
"kindergarten teacher",
"temperature",
"98",
"pulse",
"85 min",
"blood pressure",
"75 mm Hg",
"Examination shows",
"visual acuity",
"left eye",
"20",
"ability to count fingers",
"3 feet",
"right eye",
"photograph",
"right eye",
"shown",
"following",
"most likely diagnosis"
] | 00000000000000010143 |
44μΈ λ°±μΈ λ¨μ±μ΄ μλ° κ²½λ ¨, μ
μ£Όμ κ°κ° μ΄μ, μκ³Ό λ°μ κ°κ° μ΄μμ νΈμν©λλ€. κ·Έμ μλ΄λ λν κ·Έκ° μΌλ§ μ μ λ°μμ κ²ͺμλ€κ³ μΈκΈν©λλ€. κ·Έμ κ³Όκ±° μμ λ³λ ₯μ μ λμ κ°μμ μμΌλ‘ μΈν μμ κ°μμ μ μ μ μ΄ νΉμ§μ μ
λλ€. κ·Έλ€μ μ΄ν λͺ¨λ μ¦μμ΄ μμ νμ λ°μνλ€λ κ²μ κΉ¨λ¬μμ΅λλ€. λ€μ μ€ μ΄ νμμκ² λνλ μ μλ κ²μ 무μμ
λκΉ? | Chvostek sign, QT prolongation, decreased PTH, decreased serum calcium, increased serum phosphate | {
"A": "Chvostek sign, QT μ°μ₯, μ¦κ°λ PTH, κ°μλ νμ² μΉΌμ, κ°μλ νμ² μΈμ°μΌ",
"B": "Chvostek sign, QT μ°μ₯, κ°μλ PTH, μ¦κ°λ νμ² μΉΌμ, κ°μλ νμ² μΈμ°μΌ",
"C": "Chvostek sign, QT λ¨μΆ, μ¦κ°λ PTH, μ¦κ°λ νμ² μΉΌμ, μ¦κ°λ νμ² μΈμ°μΌ",
"D": "Chvostek sign, QT μ°μ₯, κ°μλ PTH, κ°μλ νμ² μΉΌμ, μ¦κ°λ νμ² μΈμ°μΌ"
} | step1 | D | [
"year old caucasian male",
"carpopedal spasms",
"peri oral numbness",
"paresthesias of",
"hands",
"feet",
"wife",
"seizure not too long",
"past surgical history",
"significant",
"total thyroidectomy",
"papillary thyroid carcinoma",
"then",
"symptoms occurred",
"surgery",
"following",
"present",
"patient"
] | 00000000000000010144 |
μ΄μ μ 건κ°νλ 11μΈ λ¨μμμ΄κ° 3μΌκ°μ λ°μ΄, κΈ°μΉ¨, 콧물 λ³λ ₯μΌλ‘ μΈν΄ μκΈμ€λ‘ μ΄μ‘λμμ΅λλ€. μ΄ κΈ°κ° λμ κ·Έλ λν λΆνμμ κ°λ €μ΄ λμ 보μμ΅λλ€. νμλ 2μ£Ό μ μ μ리μμμ μ΄λ―Ό μμ΅λλ€. κ·Έμ λΆλͺ¨λμ 6κ°μ μ μ μ¬λ§νμ΅λλ€. κ·Έλ μμ§ μΌμμ μΈ μμκΈ° μλ°© μ μ’
μ λ°μ§ μμμ΅λλ€. κ·Έλ λ€λ₯Έ 10λͺ
μ λλ―Όκ³Ό ν¨κ» μν κ°μ μ μ΄κ³ μμΌλ©°, κ·Έμ€ 2λͺ
μ λΉμ·ν μ¦μμ 보μ
λλ€. κ·Έλ λΆμν΄ λ³΄μ΄λ©° λμ νλ¦¬κ³ μμ΅λλ€. κ·Έμ 체μ¨μ 39.2Β°C (102.5Β°F)μ΄κ³ , λ§₯λ°μ 100/min, νΈν‘μλ 20/min, νμμ 125/75 mm Hgμ
λλ€. κ²μ¬ κ²°κ³Ό μμͺ½ λμ κ²°λ§μΌμ΄ λνλ¬μ΅λλ€. λ³Ό μ λ§κ³Ό μ°κ΅¬κ°μλ νλ°μ± λ°°κ²½μ λ€μμ νΈλ₯΄μ€λ¦ν νμ λ³λ³μ΄ μμ΅λλ€. μ΄ νμλ λ€μ ν©λ³μ¦ μ€ μ΄λ κ²μ λν μνμ΄ μ¦κ°ν©λκΉ? | Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis | {
"A": "Aplastic crisis",
"B": "Coronary artery aneurysm",
"C": "Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis",
"D": "Immune thrombocytopenic purpura"
} | step2&3 | C | [
"healthy",
"year old boy",
"brought",
"emergency department",
"3-day history",
"fever",
"cough",
"runny nose",
"period",
"pink",
"itchy eyes",
"patient",
"Syria 2 weeks",
"parents died",
"months",
"not",
"received",
"routine childhood vaccinations",
"lives",
"foster home",
"ten",
"refugees",
"two",
"similar symptoms",
"appears anxious",
"sweating",
"temperature",
"pulse",
"100 min",
"respirations",
"20 min",
"blood pressure",
"75 mm Hg",
"Examination shows conjunctivitis of both eyes",
"multiple",
"gray lesions",
"erythematous background",
"buccal mucosa",
"soft palate",
"patient",
"increased risk",
"following complications"
] | 00000000000000010145 |
31μΈ μ¬μ±μ΄ 4μ£Ό λμ μ
νλλ λν΅, λ©μ€κΊΌμ λ° κ΅¬ν λ‘ μΈν΄ μκΈμ€μ λ΄μνμ΅λλ€. λν΅μ λ°€μ λ μ¬ν©λλ€. Fundoscopic examinationμμ μμ κ²½ μ λμ λΆμ’
μ΄ κ΄μ°°λ©λλ€. λ CT μ€μΊμμ μ΄μ§μ μ΄κ³ , κ³ κ°λμ, λμ€ λ΄ μ’
κ΄΄κ° λ³΄μ
λλ€. νμλ μ’
κ΄΄μ μΈκ³Όμ μ μ λ₯Ό λ°μ΅λλ€. μΈκ³Όμ κ²μ²΄μ λ³λ¦¬νμ κ²μ¬μμ μ’
μμ΄ μ κ²½μμ± κΈ°μμμ νμΈν©λλ€. μ΄ κ²μ²΄μ μΈν¬λ λ€μ μ€ μ΄λ€ λ©΄μμ‘°μ§ννμ νμ§μμ λν΄ μμ±μΌλ‘ μΌμλ κ°λ₯μ±μ΄ κ°μ₯ λμ΅λκΉ? | Synaptophysin | {
"A": "Desmin",
"B": "Synaptophysin",
"C": "Glial fibrillary acidic protein",
"D": "Cytokeratin"
} | step1 | B | [
"31 year old woman",
"emergency department",
"of",
"4 week history",
"worsening headache",
"nausea",
"vomiting",
"headache",
"worse",
"night",
"Fundoscopic examination shows swelling",
"optic discs",
"CT scan",
"brain shows",
"heterogeneous",
"intraventricular mass",
"patient",
"surgical excision",
"mass",
"Pathologic examination",
"specimen confirms",
"tumor",
"neuronal origin",
"cells",
"specimen",
"most likely to stain positive",
"following",
"markers"
] | 00000000000000010146 |
27μΈμ μΉκ³Ό λ°©μ¬μ 촬μ κΈ°μ¬κ° ꡬκ°, μ€λ₯Έμͺ½ μλ λ° μ€κ° μμͺ½ μ
μ , κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ μκ°λ½ νλμ λΆμ λ³λ³μ΄ λνλ ν΄λ¦¬λμ λ΄μνμ΅λλ€. μ΄λ¬ν λ³λ³μ κ²½λ―Έν ν΅μ¦μ λλ°νμΌλ©°, νμλ λ³λ³μ΄ λνλκΈ° 1μ£ΌμΌ μ μ λ―Έμ΄μ΄ μμμ΅λλ€. νμλ ν΄λΉ λΆμλ₯Ό λ°λ³΅μ μΌλ‘ λ§μ Έ μΆνμ΄ λ°μνμ΅λλ€. λ΄μνκΈ° μ΄ν μ , κ·Έλ μ€λ₯Έμͺ½ κ²μ§μκ°λ½μ μμ λ¬Όμ§μ± λ°μ§μ΄ μκΈ°λ κ²μ κ΄μ°°νμΌλ©°, μ΄λ λ€λ₯Έ λ°μ§κ³Ό ν©μ³μ Έ λ΄μ λΉμΌ νλ¦Ών΄μ‘μ΅λλ€. κ·Έλ μ΄μ μ μ μ¬ν μ¦μμ κ²ͺμ μ μ΄ μμ΅λλ€. μ½λ¬Ό μ¬μ©μ λ³΄κ³ νμ§ μμμ΅λλ€. λ΄λΉ μμ¬λ μμ μΈκΈν λ³λ³μ κΈμ νλ³ΈμΌλ‘ Tzanck smearλ₯Ό μ€λΉνμΌλ©°, νλ―Έκ²½μΌλ‘ λ€ν΅ μνΌ κ±°λ μΈν¬κ° κ΄μ°°λμμ΅λλ€. μμ μμ λ° μ‘°μ§νμ μ견μ λ°λ₯΄λ©΄, μ΄ κ²½μ° μ΄λ€ λ°μ΄λ¬μ€ κ°μΌμ μμ¬ν΄μΌ ν©λκΉ? | Herpes simplex infection | {
"A": "Herpangina",
"B": "Herpes simplex infection",
"C": "Hand-foot-and-mouth disease",
"D": "Measles"
} | step1 | B | [
"27 year old dental radiographer presented",
"clinic",
"red lesions",
"palate",
"right lower",
"mid upper lip",
"one",
"fingers",
"lesions",
"slight pain",
"patient",
"low-grade fever 1 week",
"appearance",
"lesions",
"patient touched",
"affected area repeatedly",
"resulted",
"bleeding",
"Two days",
"visit",
"observed",
"small vesicular eruption",
"right finger",
"merged",
"eruptions",
"cloudy",
"day",
"visit",
"not",
"similar symptoms",
"not report drug usage",
"Tzanck smear",
"prepared",
"scrapings",
"lesions",
"attending physician",
"multinucleated epithelial giant cells",
"observed",
"clinical presentation",
"histologic finding",
"viral infection",
"suspected",
"case"
] | 00000000000000010147 |
7μΈ μλ
μ΄ μΉκ΅¬μ μμΌ νν°μμ νΈν‘ κ³€λμΌλ‘ μκΈ μ§λ£λ₯Ό λ°μΌλ¬ μμ΅λλ€. κ·Έλ μ¦μ 보좩 μ°μ μλ²μ λ°μμ΅λλ€. κ·Έμ μλ²μ§λ λ
콩 λ²ν° κ³Όμκ° νμ¬μμ μ 곡λμμ§λ§ μλ€μ΄ μ€μ λ‘ κ·Έκ²μ λ¨Ήλ κ²μ λ³΄μ§ λͺ»νλ€κ³ μ€λͺ
νμ΅λλ€. νν° μ€μ μλ€μ μλ©΄ νμ‘°μ νΈν‘ κ³€λμ 보μ΄λ©° μΌκ΅΄κ³Ό λͺ©μ κΈμΌλ©° κ·Έμκ² λ€κ°μμ΅λλ€. κ·Έλ 40μ£Όμ μμ° μ§ λΆλ§μΌλ‘ νμ΄λ¬μ΅λλ€. κ·Έλ λͺ¨λ λ°λ¬ μ΄μ νλ₯Ό λ¬μ±νμΌλ©° λͺ¨λ μλ°© μ μ’
μ μλ£νμ΅λλ€. κ³Όκ±° λ³λ ₯μ λ
콩 μλ λ₯΄κΈ° λ° μ²μκ³Ό κ΄λ ¨μ΄ μμ΅λλ€. κ·Έλ λΉμ ν‘μ
κΈ°λ₯Ό μμ§νκ³ μμ΅λλ€. κ°μ‘±λ ₯μ κ΄λ ¨μ΄ μμ΅λλ€. κ·Έμ νμμ 110/85 mm Hgμ΄κ³ , μ¬λ°μλ 110/minμ΄λ©°, νΈν‘μλ 25/minμ΄κ³ , 체μ¨μ 37.2Β°C (99.0Β°F)μ
λλ€. μ 체 κ²μ¬μμ κ·Έλ μΌκ΅΄μ μ¬ν λΆμ’
μ΄ μκ³ μμͺ½ νμμ μ¬ν κ°μ² μ²λͺ
μ΄ μμ΅λλ€. λ€μ μ€ μ΄ νμκ° κ²½ννκ³ μλ κ³Όλ―Ό λ°μμ μ νμ 무μμ
λκΉ? | Type 1 - anaphylactic hypersensitivity reaction | {
"A": "Type 1 - anaphylactic hypersensitivity reaction",
"B": "Type 2 - cytotoxic hypersensitivity reaction",
"C": "Type 3 - immune complex mediated hypersensitivity reaction",
"D": "Both A & B"
} | step2&3 | A | [
"year old boy presents",
"urgent care",
"friends",
"party",
"trouble breathing",
"immediately placed",
"supplemental oxygen therapy",
"father",
"peanut butter treats",
"event",
"see",
"son",
"eat one",
"party",
"son approached",
"facial flushing",
"difficulty breathing",
"itching",
"face",
"neck",
"born",
"40 weeks",
"spontaneous vaginal delivery",
"met",
"developmental milestones",
"vaccinated",
"Past medical history",
"significant",
"peanut allergy",
"asthma",
"carries",
"emergency inhaler",
"Family history",
"blood pressure",
"85 mm Hg",
"heart rate",
"min",
"respiratory rate",
"min",
"temperature",
"99",
"physical examination",
"severe",
"face",
"severe",
"stridor",
"lungs",
"following",
"type",
"hypersensitivity",
"patient experiencing"
] | 00000000000000010148 |
μμ 8μ£Όμ°¨μ 23μΈ μ΄μλΆ μ¬μ±μ΄ μ§λ 16μκ° λμ μ¦κ°νλ νΌλκ³Ό κ³ μ΄λ‘ μΈν΄ λ¨νΈμ μν΄ μκΈμ€λ‘ μ΄μ‘λμμ΅λλ€. 3μΌ μ , κ·Έλ
λ λ©μ€κΊΌμκ³Ό ꡬν μΉλ£λ₯Ό μν΄ μμ¬λ‘λΆν° metoclopramideλ₯Ό μ²λ°©λ°μμ΅λλ€. κ·Έλ
λ μ°μΈμ¦ λ³λ ₯μ΄ μμ΅λλ€. νμ¬ λ³΅μ© μ€μΈ μ½λ¬Όμ fluoxetineμ ν¬ν¨ν©λλ€. κ·Έλ
λ νΌλμ€λ¬μνλ©° μκ°, μ₯μ, μ¬λμ λν μΈμμ΄ μμ΅λλ€. 체μ¨μ 39.8Β°C (103.6Β°F), λ§₯λ°μ 112/min, νμμ 168/96 mm Hgμ
λλ€. μ 체 κ²μ¬ κ²°κ³Ό μ¬ν λ°νκ³Ό νμ‘°λ₯Ό 보μμ΅λλ€. κ·Όμ‘ κ°μ§μ΄ μ‘΄μ¬ν©λλ€. κ·Έλ
μ μ¬λΆ 건 λ°μ¬λ μμΈ‘μμ κ°μνμ΅λλ€. μ μ μν κ²μ¬ κ²°κ³Ό μ μ μ΄λμ± ν₯λΆ μνλ₯Ό 보μμ΅λλ€. μ€νμ€ κ²μ¬ κ²°κ³Όλ λ€μκ³Ό κ°μ΅λλ€:
Hemoglobin 12.2 g/dL
Leukocyte count 17,500/mm3
Serum
Creatinine 1.4 mg/dL
Total bilirubin 0.7 mg/dL
Alkaline phosphatase 45 U/L
AST 122 U/L
ALT 138 U/L
Creatine kinase 1070 U/L
λ€μ μ½λ¬Ό μ€ νμμ νμ¬ μ¦μμ μ λ°νλ μνμ μμΈμ΄ λ κ°λ₯μ±μ΄ κ°μ₯ λμ μ½λ¬Όμ 무μμ
λκΉ?" | Haloperidol | {
"A": "Succinylcholine",
"B": "Haloperidol",
"C": "Dextroamphetamine",
"D": "Amitriptyline"
} | step2&3 | B | [
"23 year old primigravid woman",
"weeks",
"estation ",
"rought ",
"mergency department ",
"usband ",
"ncreasing onfusion ",
"igh-grade fever ",
"ast ",
"ours.",
"hree ays ",
"rescribed etoclopramide ",
"hysician ",
"reatment ",
"ausea ",
"omiting.",
"istory of depression.",
"urrent medications nclude luoxetine.",
"onfused ",
"ot riented to time,",
"lace,",
"erson.",
"emperature ",
"ulse ",
"in,",
"lood pressure ",
"6 m Hg.",
"xamination hows ",
"iaphoresis ",
"lushed skin.",
"uscle rigidity ",
"resent.",
"eep tendon reflexes ",
"ecreased ",
"ental hows sychomotor agitation.",
"aboratory studies how:",
"/",
"eukocyte ",
"m3 erum . g/",
"ilirubin ",
"g/",
"lkaline phosphatase ",
"/L ST ",
"LT ",
"reatine inase ",
"ollowing rugs ",
"ost likely ",
"ause ",
"ondition ",
"esponsible ",
"atients urrent ymptoms?"
] | 00000000000000010149 |
λ€μ νν©λ¬Ό μ€ μ μ ν κ΄μ νλ₯ μ μ§μ κ°μ₯ ν° μν₯μ λ―ΈμΉλ κ²μ 무μμ
λκΉ? | Nitric oxide | {
"A": "Norepinephrine",
"B": "Histamine",
"C": "Nitric oxide",
"D": "VEGF"
} | step1 | C | [
"following compounds",
"most responsible",
"maintenance",
"appropriate coronary blood"
] | 00000000000000010150 |
44μΈ μ¬μ± νμκ° μ μ°¨ μ¬ν΄μ§λ λν΅κ³Ό νΌλ‘ μ¦μμ΄ 1κ°μ λμ μ§μλμ΄ λ΄μνμλ€. λν, λμΌ κΈ°κ° λμ 5kg(11lb)μ μ²΄μ€ κ°μκ° μμλ€. λλΆ MRI κ²μ¬ κ²°κ³Ό, μ°μΈ‘ μν곡μΌλ‘ νμ₯λ κ³ μ νΈ κ°λ(hyperintense)μ μ’
κ΄΄κ° κ΄μ°°λμλ€. μ΄ νμμ λν μΆκ° κ²μ¬μμ λ€μ μ견 μ€ λ¬΄μμ΄ κ°μ₯ λνλ κ°λ₯μ±μ΄ λκ² λκ°? | Decreased sensation over the cheekbone, nasolabial fold, and the upper lip | {
"A": "κ΄λλΌ, λΉμꡬ, μμ
μ λΆμμ κ°κ° μ ν",
"B": "νμ μμλΆ λ―Έκ° μ΄μ λ° κ· λ€ κ°κ° μ ν",
"C": "κ°λ§ λ°μ¬ μμ€ λ° μ΄λ§ κ°κ° μ ν",
"D": "μ μκ·Ό λ° μΈ‘λκ·Ό μμΆκ³Ό ν¨κ» ν±μ΄ μ€λ₯Έμͺ½μΌλ‘ νΈμλ¨"
} | step1 | A | [
"year old woman",
"physician",
"of",
"month history",
"worsening headaches",
"fatigue",
"5 kg",
"weight loss",
"same time period",
"MRI of",
"head shows",
"mass",
"extension",
"right foramen rotundum",
"Further evaluation",
"patient",
"most likely to show",
"following findings"
] | 00000000000000010151 |
38μΈ λ¨μ±μ΄ 8κ°μ λμ μ‘°μ λμ§ μλ λΆμ μ¦μΈλ‘ μΈν΄ μ£ΌμΉμμκ² λ΄μνμ΅λλ€. κ·Έλ μΌμ μνμ νλ²ν μ
무λ₯Ό μννλ λ° μλμ μΈ λΆμκ³Ό κ±±μ μ λλλ€κ³ μ§μ ν©λλ€. κ·Έλ λ²λΆμμ₯μ μΉλ£λ₯Ό μν΄ venlafaxine ν¬μ¬λ₯Ό μμνμ΅λλ€. λ€μ μ€ μ΄ μ½λ¬Όμ μ μ¬μ μΈ λΆμμ©μ 무μμ
λκΉ? | Hypertension | {
"A": "Seizures",
"B": "Weight gain",
"C": "Hypertension",
"D": "Increased urination"
} | step1 | C | [
"year old male presents",
"primary care doctor",
"months",
"anxiety",
"states",
"experiences",
"anxiety",
"worry",
"tasks",
"daily living",
"started",
"venlafaxine",
"treatment",
"generalized",
"following",
"potential side effect",
"medication"
] | 00000000000000010152 |
27μΈ μ¬μ± νμκ° μ§ λΆλΉλ¬Όμ νΈμνλ©° μ°λΆμΈκ³Ό μ λ¬Έμμκ² μ§μ°°μ μμ²ν©λλ€. νμλ μ§λ 1λ
λμ 3λͺ
μ ννΈλμ μ±κ΄κ³λ₯Ό κ°μ‘μ΅λλ€. μ΅κ·Ό μ±κ΄κ³ μ€ ν΅μ¦μ λλΌκ³ μμ΅λλ€. 체μ¨μ 37.2Β°C (99.1Β°F), νμμ 110/80 mm Hg, λ§₯λ°μ 78/minμ
λλ€. μμκΈ° κ²μ¬μμ μκΆκ²½λΆ μ΄λ μν΅ μμ± μ견μ 보μ
λλ€. μΉλ£μλ λΆκ΅¬νκ³ , μ΄ νμμ μμ νλ°μ λ€μ ν©λ³μ¦ μ€ λ°μν κ°λ₯μ±μ΄ κ°μ₯ λμ κ²μ 무μμ
λκΉ? | Ectopic pregnancy | {
"A": "μμ° μ μ°",
"B": "μκΆκ·Όμ’
",
"C": "μκΆμΈ μμ ",
"D": "κ³€μ§λ¦"
} | step2&3 | C | [
"27 year old woman",
"evaluation",
"gynecologist",
"vaginal discharge",
"sexually active",
"partners",
"past year",
"Recently",
"pain",
"intercourse",
"temperature",
"99",
"blood pressure",
"80 mm Hg",
"pulse",
"min",
"genital examination",
"positive",
"cervical motion tenderness",
"treatment",
"following complications",
"most likely to occur later",
"patient's life"
] | 00000000000000010153 |
15μΈ μλ
μ΄ μ§λ 2κ°μ λμ μ§νμ± μ’μΈ‘ λ€λ¦¬ ν΅μ¦μΌλ‘ μΈν΄ μμ¬μκ² μ§μ°°μ λ°μΌλ¬ μμ΅λλ€. ν΅μ¦μ λ°λ λμκ³Ό λ°€μ λ μ¬ν©λλ€. μ’μΈ‘ λ€λ¦¬ κ²μ¬ κ²°κ³Ό λ¬΄λ¦ κ·ΌμλΆμ λΆμ’
κ³Ό μν΅μ΄ λνλ¬μ΅λλ€. μ€νμ€ κ²μ¬ κ²°κ³Ό μμΉΌλΌμΈ μΈμ°λΆν΄ν¨μ μμΉκ° 200 U/Lλ‘ λνλ¬μ΅λλ€. μ’μΈ‘ λ€λ¦¬ X-λ μ΄ κ²μ¬ κ²°κ³Ό μμ λν΄κ³¨ μ£Όλ³ μ°μ‘°μ§μ κ²½ν, νΌμ§ νκ΄΄, μ μ 골νμ±μ΄ λνλ¬μ΅λλ€. λΌμ μμ§μΌλ‘ λ°©μ¬λλ μ¬λ¬ κ°μ κ·Ήμ΄ μμ΅λλ€. μ΄ νμμ μ
μ± μ’
μμ λ€μ ꡬ쑰 μ€ μ΄λ€ μΈν¬μμ μ λνμ κ°λ₯μ±μ΄ κ°μ₯ λμ΅λκΉ? | Periosteum | {
"A": "골λ§",
"B": "골μ",
"C": "골λ¨ν",
"D": "μ κ²½λ₯μ "
} | step1 | A | [
"year old boy",
"brought",
"physician",
"of progressive left leg pain",
"past",
"months",
"pain",
"worse",
"running",
"night",
"Examination of",
"left leg shows swelling",
"tenderness proximal",
"knee",
"Laboratory studies show",
"alkaline phosphatase level",
"200 U/L",
"x-ray",
"left leg shows sclerosis",
"cortical destruction",
"new bone formation",
"soft tissues",
"distal femur",
"multiple spiculae radiating perpendicular",
"bone",
"patient's malignancy",
"most likely derived",
"cells",
"following structures"
] | 00000000000000010154 |
12μΈ λ¨μ μμ΄κ° μ΄λ¨Έλμ μν΄ μκΈμ€λ‘ μ΄μ‘λμλλ°, κ·Έ μ΄μ λ μ§λ 3μκ° λμ μ μ§μ μΈ νΈν‘ κ³€λ, λ§νκΈ° μ΄λ €μ, κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ κ΄λ²μνκ³ μ°ν΅κ³Ό κ°μ λ³΅ν΅ λλ¬Έμ
λλ€. μ΄μ κ·Έλ μΉμ λ°μΉλ₯Ό λ°μμ΅λλ€. κ·Έμ μλ²μ§μ λΆκ³ μΌμ΄μ μκΈ°λ λ° μλ©΄κ΅¬κ° λΆμμ λΆμ’
μΌλ‘ λ°λ³΅μ μΈ μ
μ λ³λ ₯μ΄ μμ΅λλ€. νμλ μ½λ¬Όμ 볡μ©νμ§ μμ΅λλ€. κ·Έμ νμμ 112/62 mm Hgμ
λλ€. κ²μ¬ κ²°κ³Ό μ
μ , ν, ν, λ€λ¦¬μ λΆμ’
μ± λΆκΈ°κ° λνλλ©°, λ°μ§μ μμ΅λλ€. λ€μ μμ© κΈ°μ μ€ μ΄λ κ²μ νμ μΌλ‘ νλ μ½λ¬Όμ ν¬μ¬νλ κ²μ΄ μ΄ νμμκ² κ°μ₯ μ μ ν©λκΉ? | Antagonist at bradykinin receptor | {
"A": "Antagonist at histamine receptor",
"B": "Agonist at androgen receptor",
"C": "Antagonist at bradykinin receptor",
"D": "Agonist at glucocorticoid receptor"
} | step1 | C | [
"year old boy",
"brought",
"emergency department",
"mother",
"of progressive shortness",
"breath",
"difficulty speaking",
"diffuse",
"colicky abdominal pain",
"past",
"hours",
"tooth extraction",
"father",
"paternal uncle",
"history of repeated hospitalizations",
"upper airway",
"orofacial swelling",
"patient takes",
"medications",
"blood pressure",
"62 mm Hg",
"Examination shows edematous swelling of the lips",
"tongue",
"arms",
"legs",
"rash",
"Administration",
"drug",
"of",
"following mechanisms",
"action",
"most appropriate",
"patient"
] | 00000000000000010155 |
κ³Όκ±° μμ μ²μ λ³λ ₯μ΄ μλ 25μΈ μ¬μ± νμκ° 3κ°μ μ λΆν° μμλ λΉλ²νκ³ λ¬½μ λ³μ μ£Όμλ‘ λ΄μνμ΅λλ€. νμ¬ ν루μ 3~4λ² λ°°λ³μ νλ©°, μ΄λ¬ν μ¦μμ΄ μ
νλμκ³ κ²½λ―Έν 볡ν΅μ λλ°νλ€κ³ μκ°ν©λλ€. λν νμ₯μ§μμ λΆμ νμ‘μ 보μλ€κ³ μ§μ ν©λλ€. μΆκ°μ μΈ μ§λ¬Έμμ, μ§λ λͺ λ¬ λμ κ°λ μ¬κ³νμ§μ΄ μμλ€κ³ μ§μ ν©λλ€. λ°μ΄, μ€ν, λν΅, νλ¦° μμΌ, κΈ°μΉ¨, νΈν‘ κ³€λ, μ²λͺ
μ, λ©μ€κΊΌμ λλ ꡬν λ μμ΅λλ€. κΈ°λΆμ μ½κ° μ§μ¦μ΄ λκ³ μ μ μ λͺ» μλ€κ³ μ€λͺ
ν©λλ€. νμμ μλ£ κΈ°λ‘ κ²ν κ²°κ³Ό 6κ°μ μ μ§λ£ μ΄ν 6νμ΄λμ μ²΄μ€ κ°μκ° μμμ§λ§ μμμ μ μμ΄λΌκ³ λ§ν©λλ€. νμλ μ΅κ·Ό μ§λ³μ΄λ μ¬νμ λΆμΈν©λλ€. λΉν‘μ°μμ
λλ€. νμ¬ λ³΅μ©νλ μ μΌν μ½λ¬Όμ 경ꡬ νΌμμ½μ
λλ€.
체μ¨μ 37Β°C (98.6Β°F), λ§₯λ°μ λΆλΉ 104ν, νμμ 95/65 mmHg, νΈν‘μλ λΆλΉ 16ν, μ€λ΄ 곡기μμ μ°μ ν¬νλλ 99%μ
λλ€. μ 체 κ²μ¬μμ μμ¬λ κ°μμ μ΄ λμΉμ μΌλ‘ λΉλν΄ λ³΄μ΄μ§λ§ μ΄μ§ μ μν΅μ μλ€κ³ κΈ°λ‘ν©λλ€. μ²μ§ μ κ°μμ μ‘μμ΄ λ€λ¦½λλ€. λμ κ²½μ μ μμ΄λ©° μꡬ κ²μ¬μμ μꡬ λμΆμ΄ λνλ©λλ€. 볡λΆλ λΆλλ½κ³ μ΄μ§ μ μν΅μ΄ μμ΅λλ€. μ¬λΆ 건 λ°μ¬λ μ λ°μ μΌλ‘ 3+μ
λλ€. κ²μ¬ κ²°κ³Όλ λ€μκ³Ό κ°μ΅λλ€.
νμ²:
Na+: 140 mEq/L
K+: 4.1 mEq/L
Cl-: 104 mEq/L
HCO3-: 26 mEql/L
BUN: 18 mg/dL
Creatinine 0.9 mg/dL
Hemoglobin: 14.0 g/dL
Leukocyte count: 7,400/mm^3
Platelet count 450,000/mm^3
TSH & Free T4: λκΈ° μ€
μμ κ²μ¬λ μμ±μ
λλ€. νμλ μ¦μ μνλ₯Ό μν΄ νλ‘νλΌλλ‘€μ ν¬μ¬λ°κΈ° μμνμ΅λλ€. μ΄ νμμ κ΄λ¦¬μμ κ°μ₯ μ μ ν λ€μ λ¨κ³λ 무μμ
λκΉ? | Propylthiouracil | {
"A": "IV hydrocortisone",
"B": "Propylthiouracil",
"C": "Thyroid scintigraphy with I-123",
"D": "Surgical thyroidectomy"
} | step2&3 | B | [
"year old female",
"history of childhood asthma presents",
"clinic",
"three month history",
"frequent",
"loose stools",
"currently",
"three",
"four bowel movements",
"day",
"episodes",
"getting worse",
"associated with mild abdominal",
"seeing red blood",
"toilet tissue",
"further questioning",
"occasional palpitations",
"past",
"months",
"denies fevers",
"chills",
"headache",
"blurry vision",
"cough",
"shortness of breath",
"wheezing",
"nausea",
"vomiting",
"mood",
"slightly irritable",
"sleeping poorly",
"review",
"medical chart reveals",
"six pound weight loss",
"visit six months",
"appetite",
"normal",
"patient denies",
"recent illness",
"travel",
"non-smoker",
"only current medication",
"oral contraceptive pill",
"temperature",
"98",
"pulse",
"min",
"blood pressure",
"95 65 mmHg",
"respirations",
"min",
"oxygen saturation",
"99",
"room air",
"physical exam",
"physician notes",
"thyroid gland appears",
"enlarged",
"non-tender",
"palpation",
"auscultation",
"thyroid bruit",
"cranial nerve",
"normal",
"ocular exam reveals exophthalmos",
"abdomen",
"soft",
"non-tender",
"palpation",
"Deep tendon reflexes",
"3",
"Lab results",
"follows",
"Serum",
"Na",
"mEq/L K",
"4.1 mEq/L Cl",
"mEq/L HCO3",
"mg dL Creatinine 0.9 mg",
"Hemoglobin",
"0 g/dL Leukocyte count",
"7 400 mm",
"Platelet count 450",
"Free T4",
"pregnancy test",
"negative",
"patient",
"started",
"propranolol",
"symptomatic relief",
"most likely best next step",
"management",
"patient"
] | 00000000000000010156 |
μ΄μ μ 건κ°νλ 8μΈ λ¨μ μμ΄κ° μ§λ 2κ°μ λμ μλ ₯ μμ€ μ¦κ°, μ²λ ₯ λ° μΈμ΄ λ₯λ ₯ μ νλ‘ μΈν΄ μμ¬μκ² μ§μ°°μ λ°μΌλ¬ μμ΅λλ€. μ΄ κΈ°κ° λμ κ·Έλ κ±·κΈ°, κ³λ¨ μ΄μ©, μ€μ€λ‘ λ°₯ λ¨Ήλ κ²μ μ΄λ €μμ κ²ͺμμ΅λλ€. κ·Έμ μ μλλ€μ κ·Έκ° μ§μ€νλ λ° μ΄λ €μμ κ²ͺκ³ μλ€λ κ²μ μμμ°¨λ Έμ΅λλ€. κ·Έμ μ±μ μ λλΉ μ‘κ³ κΈμ¨λ μ½μ μ μκ² λμμ΅λλ€. κ·Έμ μΈμ¬μ΄ λ¨λμλ λΉμ·ν μ¦μμ 보μκ³ 6μΈμ μ¬λ§νμ΅λλ€. νλ ₯ μ§νλ μ μ λ²μ λ΄μ μμ΅λλ€. κ²μ¬ κ²°κ³Ό κ³Όλ€μμμΉ¨μ°©λ νΌλΆμ μν±, μ΄λμ€μ‘°μ± 보νμ΄ λνλ¬μ΅λλ€. κ·Έμ μΈμ΄λ ꡬμμ₯μ μ
λλ€. μ κ²½νμ κ²μ¬ κ²°κ³Ό λͺ¨λ μ¬μ§μμ κ²½μ§κ³Ό κ·Όλ ₯ μ νκ° λνλ¬μ΅λλ€. μ¬λΆκ±΄ λ°μ¬λ μμͺ½ λͺ¨λ 4+μ
λλ€. λ°λ°λ₯ λ°μ¬λ μμͺ½ λͺ¨λ μ μ λ°μμ 보μ
λλ€. κ°κ°μ νμ§μμ κ°μλμμ΅λλ€. μμ κ²μ¬ κ²°κ³Ό μμ κ²½ μμΆμ΄ λνλ¬μ΅λλ€. μμͺ½ κ·μ κ°κ°μ κ²½μ± λμ²μ΄ μμ΅λλ€. λ€μ μ€ μ΄ νμμ μ¦μμ λν κ°μ₯ κ°λ₯μ± μλ μμΈμ 무μμ
λκΉ? | ATP-binding cassette transporter dysfunction | {
"A": "Ξ²-Glucocerebrosidase deficiency",
"B": "ATP-binding cassette transporter dysfunction",
"C": "Arylsulfatase A deficiency",
"D": "Ξ±-Galactosidase A deficiency"
} | step2&3 | B | [
"healthy",
"year old boy",
"brought",
"physician",
"increasing visual loss",
"deterioration",
"hearing",
"speech",
"past",
"months",
"period",
"difficulty walking",
"using",
"stairs",
"feeding",
"teachers",
"difficulty concentrating",
"grades",
"worsened",
"handwriting",
"maternal male",
"similar complaints",
"died",
"age",
"years",
"Vital signs",
"normal limits",
"Examination shows hyperpigmented skin",
"nails",
"ataxic gait",
"speech",
"Neurologic examination shows spasticity",
"decreased muscle strength",
"extremities",
"Deep tendon reflexes",
"4",
"Plantar reflex shows",
"extensor response",
"Sensation",
"decreased",
"lower extremities",
"Fundoscopy shows optic atrophy",
"sensorineural hearing loss",
"following",
"most likely cause",
"patient's symptoms"
] | 00000000000000010157 |
30μΈ λ¨μ± κ°± λ©€λ²κ° λ³΅λΆ μ΄μμΌλ‘ μκΈμ€λ‘ μ΄μ‘λμλ€. νμλ κΈ°κ΄ μ½κ΄ ν νμμ κ°λ³΅μ μ λ°μμΌλ©°, λ³΅λ§ μΆνκ³Ό μμ₯μ μμμ΄ λ°κ²¬λμλ€. μ΄ μμ λμ 5λ¨μμ μνμ΄ νμνλ€. μμ ν, νμλ μ§μ μ λ₯Ό ν¬μ¬λ°κ³ μμ μ€νμμ€(SICU)μμ μΈκ³΅νΈν‘κΈ°λ₯Ό μ μ§νλ€. λ€μ λ , μ€μ¬ μ λ§₯κ΄μ΄ μ½μ
λμκ³ νμλ μμ λΉκ²½κ΅¬ μμλ²μ μμνλ€. λ€μ ν©λ³μ¦ μ€ μ΄ νμμκ² κ°μ₯ λ°μ κ°λ₯μ±μ΄ λμ κ²μ 무μμΈκ°? | Sepsis | {
"A": "λ΄μμ¦",
"B": "μ μΉΌμνμ¦",
"C": "μ¬μμ μ¦νκ΅°",
"D": "ν¨νμ¦"
} | step2&3 | D | [
"30 year old male gang member",
"brought",
"emergency room",
"gunshot",
"abdomen",
"patient",
"intubated",
"taken",
"exploratory laparotomy",
"found peritoneal hemorrhage",
"injury",
"small",
"required 5 units of blood",
"procedure",
"Following",
"operation",
"patient",
"sedated",
"ventilator",
"surgical intensive care unit",
"next day",
"central line",
"placed",
"patient",
"started",
"total parenteral nutrition",
"following complications",
"most likely",
"patient"
] | 00000000000000010158 |
34μΈ μ¬μ±μ΄ μμ΄ μ‘°μ μλ λΆκ΅¬νκ³ μ²΄μ€ μ¦κ°λ₯Ό μ£Όμλ‘ λ΄μνμ΅λλ€. κ·Έλ
λ λν λ³λΉκ° λλ°λλ©° κΈ°μ΄μ΄ μλ€κ³ λ§ν©λλ€. κ·Έλ
λ μ’
μ’
μ£Όλ³ μ¨λκ° λ무 μΆ₯κ² λκ»΄μ§λ€κ³ ν©λλ€. κ·Έλ
μ κ³Όκ±° λ³λ ₯μ μ€μνμ§ μμ΅λλ€. νμμ 140/85 mm Hg, λ§₯λ°μ 60/min, 체μ¨μ 36.7Β°C (98.0Β°F), νΈν‘μλ 22/minμ
λλ€. μ 체 κ²μ¬μμ μ¬λΆκ±΄ λ°μ¬λ μ€λ₯Έμͺ½ λ°λͺ©μμ 1+μ΄λ©°, μ΄μκΈ°κ° μ§μ°λ©λλ€. νΈλ₯΄λͺ¬ κ²°ν μ₯μ κ° μμ¬λμ΄ νμ‘ μνμ κ²μ¬λ₯Ό μν΄ μ€νμ€λ‘ 보λμ΅λλ€. μ€νμ€ λ³΄κ³ μλ μμ¬μ νμΈνκ³ , νμμκ² ν©μ± νΈλ₯΄λͺ¬μ΄ μ²λ°©λμμ΅λλ€. μ΄ νΈλ₯΄λͺ¬μ μΈν¬ ν¨κ³Όλ₯Ό λ΄κΈ° μν΄ μ΄λ»κ² μμ©ν κ°λ₯μ±μ΄ κ°μ₯ λμ΅λκΉ? | Binds to a nuclear receptor | {
"A": "cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) μ¦κ°",
"B": "κ°μμ μΈν¬μ μν μμ€λ μμ·¨ μ¦κ°",
"C": "ν΅ μμ©μ²΄μ κ²°ν©",
"D": "phospholipase C νμ± μ¦κ°"
} | step1 | C | [
"year old woman presents",
"office",
"weight gain",
"dietary modifications",
"associated constipation",
"feels",
"energy",
"often feels",
"ambient temperature",
"cold",
"days",
"past medical history",
"blood pressure",
"85 mm Hg",
"pulse",
"60 min",
"temperature",
"36",
"98",
"respirations",
"min",
"physical examination",
"deep tendon reflexes",
"1",
"right ankle",
"delayed relaxation phase",
"hormone",
"suspected",
"blood samples",
"sent",
"lab",
"investigation",
"laboratory report confirms",
"suspicion",
"patient",
"prescribed",
"synthetic hormone",
"hormone",
"likely act to",
"cellular effects"
] | 00000000000000010159 |
4κ°μ λ μνλ¦¬μΉ΄κ³ λ―Έκ΅μΈ μμκ° κ±΄κ° κ²μ§μ μν΄ μμκ³Όμ λ΄μνμ΅λλ€. μ μ μ§ λΆλ§μ ν΅ν΄ λ§μμΌλ‘ νμ΄λ¬μΌλ©°, κ·Έ μ΄ν 건κ°ν©λλ€. κ·Έμ 4μΈ νμ λ κ²Έμ μ νꡬ μ§νμ μκ³ μμ΅λλ€. κ·Έλ λͺ¨μ μμ λ§ νκ³ μμΌλ©° λΉνλ―Ό D 보좩μ λ₯Ό μμ·¨ν©λλ€. μλ°© μ μ’
μ μ΅μ μνμ
λλ€. 건κ°ν΄ 보μ
λλ€. μ μ₯μ 70λ²μ§Έ λ°±λΆμμμ μκ³ μ²΄μ€μ 75λ²μ§Έ λ°±λΆμμμ μμ΅λλ€. μ¬ν κ²μ¬λ μ μμ
λλ€. κ·Έμ μ΄λ¨Έλλ μ΄ μ°λ Ήλμμ μμ λμ°μ¬ μ¦νκ΅°(SIDS)μ΄ ννλ€λ λ³΄κ³ λ₯Ό λ£κ³ μ΄μ λν λ λ§μ μ 보λ₯Ό μ»κ³ μΆμ΄ν©λλ€. λ€μ μ€ μ΄ μ§νμ μλ°©νκΈ° μν κ°μ₯ μ€μν κΆμ₯ μ¬νμ 무μμ
λκΉ? | Have the baby sleep in supine position | {
"A": "μκΈ°μ λΆλͺ¨κ° ν¨κ» μ μ μλλ‘ νλ€",
"B": "μκΈ°κ° λ±μ λκ³ λλλ‘ νλ€",
"C": "μκΈ° μ£Όλ³μμ μ무λ λ΄λ°°λ₯Ό νΌμ°μ§ μλλ‘ νλ€",
"D": "μ§μμ μκΈ°μ μ¬ν κΈ°λ₯ λͺ¨λν°λ§"
} | step2&3 | B | [
"4 month old African-American infant",
"brought",
"pediatrician",
"well baby check up",
"born",
"term",
"normal vaginal",
"well",
"4 year old brother",
"sickle-cell disease",
"breastfed",
"receives vitamin D supplements",
"immunizations",
"date",
"appears healthy",
"length",
"percentile",
"weight",
"percentile",
"Cardiopulmonary examination",
"normal",
"mother",
"heard reports of sudden infant death syndrome",
"SIDS",
"common",
"age group",
"to hear more information",
"following",
"most important recommendation to prevent",
"condition"
] | 00000000000000010160 |
λ¬Όμ§ Yμ μ μ₯ ν΄λ¦¬μ΄λ°μ€κ° μ€νμ μΌλ‘ μ°κ΅¬λ©λλ€. μΌμ ν μ¬κ΅¬μ²΄ μ¬κ³Όμ¨μμ λ°°μ€λλ λ¬Όμ§ Yμ μμ΄ μ¬κ³Όλ μλ³΄λ€ λ λ§μ κ²μΌλ‘ λ°νμ‘μ΅λλ€. μ΄λ μ μ 곑μ μ λͺ¨λ μ리μ κ°μμ μ°Έμ
λλ€. λ¬Όμ§ Yλ λ€μ μ€ λ¬΄μκ³Ό κ°μ₯ μ μ¬ν©λκΉ? | Para-amino hippuric acid | {
"A": "Magnesium",
"B": "Bicarbonate",
"C": "Para-amino hippuric acid",
"D": "Glucose"
} | step1 | C | [
"Renal clearance of substance",
"studied",
"constant glomerular filtration rate",
"found",
"amount",
"substance",
"excreted",
"greater than",
"amount filtered",
"holds true",
"physiologic values",
"titration curve",
"Substance",
"most similar"
] | 00000000000000010161 |
14μΈ λ°±μΈ μ¬μ± νμκ° μ½λ¬Ό κ³Όλ€ λ³΅μ©μΌλ‘ μμ΄νμ΅λλ€. κ·Έλ
μ κ°μ‘±μ μ₯κΈ° κΈ°μ¦μ κ²°μ νκ³ , μ¬μ₯μ΄ κΈ°μ¦μ μν΄ μ μΆλμμ΅λλ€. μ¬μ₯μ μ μΆν ν, νλΆμΈκ³Ό μμ¬λ λλλ§₯ λ΄λ©΄μ ννν ν©μ λ°μ μ λ°κ²¬νμ΅λλ€. λ€μ μ€ μ΄λ€ μΈν¬ μ νμ΄ μ΄λ¬ν ν©μ λ°μ μμ μ°μΈνκ² λνλ©λκΉ? | Macrophages | {
"A": "λμμΈν¬(Macrophages)",
"B": "λ΄νΌμΈν¬(Endothelium)",
"C": "T-μΈν¬(T-cells)",
"D": "μ€μ±κ΅¬(Neutrophils)"
} | step1 | A | [
"year old Caucasian female commits suicide",
"drug overdose",
"family",
"to",
"organs",
"heart",
"removed",
"donation",
"removing",
"heart",
"cardiothoracic surgeon",
"flat yellow spots",
"aorta",
"of",
"following cell types predominate",
"yellow spots"
] | 00000000000000010162 |
7μΈ μ¬μκ° μμΉ¨μ μμͺ½ λ μλκ° λΆμ΄μ€λ₯΄λ μ¦μμΌλ‘ μΈν΄ μ΄λ¨Έλμ μν΄ μμκ³Ό μμ¬μκ² μ§λ£λ₯Ό λ°μΌλ¬ μλ€. μ΄λ¨Έλλ μμ΄κ° λ©°μΉ μ κ³μ μ± μΈν루μμ κ°μΌμΌλ‘λΆν° ν볡νλ€κ³ λ³΄κ³ νλ€. νλ ₯ μ§νλ λ€μκ³Ό κ°λ€: μ²΄μ¨ 37Β°C (98.6Β°F), νμ 100/67 mm Hg, λ§₯λ° 95/min. κ²μ¬ κ²°κ³Ό, μλ©΄ λΆμ’
κ³Ό μμͺ½ λ€λ¦¬μ 2+ ν¨μ λΆμ’
μ΄ μλ€. μ€νμ€ κ²°κ³Όλ λ€μκ³Ό κ°λ€:
Serum albumin 2.1 g/dL
Serum triglycerides 200 mg/dL
Serum cholesterol 250 mg/dL
Urine dipstick 4+ protein
μ΄ νμμ μλ³μμ λ€μ μ€ μ΄λ€ μ’
λ₯μ Castκ° λ λ§μ΄ λνλ κ°λ₯μ±μ΄ λμκ°? | Fatty casts | {
"A": "Fatty casts",
"B": "Red cell casts",
"C": "Granular casts",
"D": "Waxy casts"
} | step2&3 | A | [
"year old girl",
"brought",
"pediatrician",
"mother",
"puffiness",
"eyes",
"morning",
"mother reports",
"child",
"recovered",
"a seasonal influenza infection",
"few days",
"Vital signs include",
"temperature",
"98",
"blood pressure 100 67 mm Hg",
"pulse 95 min",
"examination",
"facial edema",
"bilateral 2",
"pitting edema",
"legs",
"Laboratory results",
"shown",
"Serum albumin",
"g",
"triglycerides",
"mg",
"cholesterol",
"Urine dipstick",
"protein",
"following casts",
"more likely to",
"present",
"patients urine"
] | 00000000000000010163 |
68μΈ μ¬μ± νμκ° μλ€μ΄ λ°λ¦¬κ³ μκΈμ€μ λ΄μνμμΌλ©°, μμ μν λ³νλ₯Ό 보μλ€. νμλ μ΅κ·Ό μ°μΈ‘ λ¬΄λ¦ κ΄μ μ±νμ μ λ°μμΌλ©°, 2μΌ μ μ ν΄μνμλ€. κ³Όκ±°λ ₯μ μ 2ν λΉλ¨λ³ λ° κ³ νμμ΄ μμΌλ©°, κ°κ° λ©νΈν¬λ₯΄λ―Όκ³Ό νλλ‘ν΄λ‘λ‘ν°μμ§λλ₯Ό λ³΅μ© μ€μ΄λ€. λν 1λ
μ μ’μΈ‘ λ°±λ΄μ₯ μμ μ λ°μλ€. 체μ¨μ 97Β°F (36.1Β°C), νμμ 99/70 mmHg, λ§₯λ°μ 60/min, νΈν‘μ 8/minμ΄λ€. μ 체 κ²μ¬μ λ곡 λΆλμ¦μ΄ κ΄μ°°λμμΌλ©°, μ’μΈ‘ λ곡μ λΆκ·μΉν λͺ¨μμ΄κ³ , μ°μΈ‘ λ곡μ μ§κ²½ 1mmμ΄λ€. νμλ ν° μ리λ ν΅μ¦ μκ·Ήμ λμ λ¨κ³ μ¬μ§λ₯Ό λΊλ€. μκ°λ½ μ±ν νλΉ μμΉλ 79μ΄λ€. νμ¬ νμλ μ λ§₯ μ κ·Όλ‘λ₯Ό κ°μ§κ³ μμ§ μλ€. λ€μ λ¨κ³μ μ΅μ μ μ²μΉλ 무μμΈκ°? | Intranasal naloxone | {
"A": "μ‘°μμ λ₯Ό μ¬μ©νμ§ μμ λ μ»΄ν¨ν° λ¨μΈ΅ 촬μ",
"B": "κ°μ 곡기 μ¨μ΄κΈ°",
"C": "λΉκ° λ΄ λ λ‘μ",
"D": "κΈ°κ΄ μ½κ΄"
} | step2&3 | C | [
"68 year old woman",
"brought",
"emergency department",
"son",
"altered mental status",
"recently",
"right",
"discharged 2 days",
"medical history",
"significant",
"type 2 diabetes mellitus",
"hypertension",
"takes metformin",
"hydrochlorothiazide",
"left cataract surgery",
"year",
"temperature",
"36",
"blood pressure",
"99 70 mmHg",
"pulse",
"60 min",
"respirations",
"min",
"exam",
"notable",
"anisocoria",
"shaped left pupil",
"1 mm",
"diameter right",
"opens",
"eyes",
"withdraws",
"limbs",
"loud voice",
"painful stimulation",
"fingerstick glucose level",
"patient",
"not",
"intravenous access",
"time",
"best next step",
"management"
] | 00000000000000010164 |
71μΈ λ¨μ±μ΄ λλ³μ νμ‘μ΄ μμ¬ μκΈμ€μ λ΄μνμ΅λλ€. νμλ λ°°λ³ μ ν΅μ¦μ΄ μκ³ νμ¬ ν΅μ¦μ΄ μλ€κ³ μ§μ ν©λλ€. νμλ μ΅κ·Ό μΊ ν μ¬νμμ λͺ¨λ₯λΆμ κ΅¬μ΄ κ³ κΈ°λ₯Ό μμ·¨νκ³ μΈκ·Ό κ°μΈμμ λ¬Όμ λ§μ
¨μ΅λλ€. νμλ λΉλ§, λΉλ¨λ³, λ³λΉ, κ³Όλ―Όμ± λμ₯ μ¦νκ΅°, κ΄ν΄ μνμ κΆ€μμ± λμ₯μΌ, κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ 70 ν©-λ
ν‘μ° κ²½λ ₯μ΄ μλ κ³Όκ±° λ³λ ₯μ κ°μ§κ³ μμ΅λλ€. νμλ μ΄λ¨Έλμ μ λ°©μ κ°μ‘±λ ₯κ³Ό μλ²μ§μ μ 립μ μ κ°μ‘±λ ₯μ κ°μ§κ³ μμ΅λλ€. κ·Έμ 체μ¨μ 98.9Β°F (37.2Β°C), νμμ 160/87 mmHg, λ§₯λ°μ 80/min, νΈν‘μλ 14/min, μ€λ΄ 곡기 μ€ μ°μ ν¬νλλ 98%μ
λλ€. μ 체 κ²μ¬μμ νμ¬ κ³ ν΅μ νΈμνμ§ μλ λΉλ§ λ¨μ±μ΄ κ΄μ°°λμμ΅λλ€. λ³΅λΆ κ²μ¬μμ μν΅ λ° ν½λ§μ΄ μλ 볡λΆμ μ μμ μΈ μ₯μμ΄ νμΈλμμ΅λλ€. λ³΅λΆ λ°©μ¬μ μ¬μ§ λ° λ°λ₯¨ μ°ν κ²μ¬λ μ μ λ²μ λ΄μ μμ΅λλ€. λ€μ μ€ μ΄ νμμ μνμ λν μ μ ν μΉλ£λ²μ 무μμ
λκΉ? | Cautery of an arteriovenous malformation | {
"A": "λμ λ§₯ κΈ°νμ μμμ ",
"B": "Ciprofloxacin",
"C": "μ
μ± μ‘°μ§μ μΈκ³Όμ μ κ±°",
"D": "κ²°μ₯ μΌλΆμ μΈκ³Όμ μ μ μ "
} | step2&3 | A | [
"71 year old man presents",
"emergency department",
"of blood in",
"stool",
"patient states",
"not experiencing",
"pain",
"defecation",
"pain currently",
"patient recently returned",
"camping trip",
"meats cooked",
"fire pit",
"drank water",
"local streams",
"patient",
"past medical",
"diabetes",
"constipation",
"irritable bowel syndrome",
"ulcerative colitis",
"remission",
"70 pack-year smoking history",
"patient",
"family history of breast cancer",
"mother",
"prostate cancer",
"father",
"temperature",
"98 9F",
"blood pressure",
"87 mmHg",
"pulse",
"80 min",
"respirations",
"min",
"oxygen saturation",
"98",
"room air",
"Physical exam",
"notable",
"obese man",
"current distress",
"Abdominal exam reveals",
"non-tender",
"non distended abdomen",
"normal bowel sounds",
"abdominal radiograph",
"barium swallow",
"normal limits",
"following",
"appropriate treatment",
"patients condition"
] | 00000000000000010165 |
61μΈ λ¨μ±μ΄ νΌλ‘κ°, μ²΄μ€ κ°μ, κ·Όμ‘ν΅μ μ£Όμλ‘ μΌμ°¨ μ§λ£ μμ¬λ₯Ό λ°©λ¬Ένμ΅λλ€. κ·Έλ μ§λ 1λ
λμ μ΄λ¬ν μ¦μμ κ²ͺμμ§λ§, μ²μμλ λ³νΈμ¬λ‘μμ μ§λ¬΄ μ€νΈλ μ€ λλ¬Έμ΄λΌκ³ μκ°νμ΅λλ€. κ·Έλ¬λ μ§λ ν λ¬ λμ νΌλΆ λ°μ§κ³Ό κ΄λ ¨λ κ°νμ μΈ λ°μ΄μ΄ λ°μνμ¬ μλ£ νκ°λ₯Ό λ°κ² λμμ΅λλ€. κ·Έλ μ²μ, λΉμΌ, νλ¨ λλ νΈν‘ κ³€λμ μ΅κ·Ό λ³λ ₯μ μλ€κ³ μ§μ νμ΅λλ€. κ·Έλ κ·Έ μΈ κ±΄κ°νλ©° μ΄λ€ μ½λ¬Όλ 볡μ©νμ§ μμ΅λλ€. κ·Έλ λ¨Ό κ³Όκ±°μ μ½μΉ΄μΈ λ¨μ© λ³λ ₯μ΄ μμ§λ§, 30λ
λμ μ΄λ€ μ½λ¬Όλ μ¬μ©νμ§ μμμ΅λλ€. κ·Έμ κ°μ‘±λ ₯μ λΆμΉμ μ·μ₯μκ³Ό μ¬λμμ μΌμ¦μ± μ₯ μ§νμ΄ νΉμ§μ
λλ€. κ·Έμ 체μ¨μ 99.3Β°F (37.4Β°C), νμμ 130/75 mmHg, λ§₯λ°μ 90/min, νΈν‘μ 18/minμ
λλ€. κ²μ¬μ μμͺ½ ν κΈ°μ λΆμμ μν¬μμ΄ λ€λ¦½λλ€. S1κ³Ό S2λ μ μμ
λλ€. μμͺ½ μμ§ λ° νμ§μ κ·Όλ ₯μ 5/5μ΄λ©°, 보νμ μ μμ
λλ€. μ΄μ§ κ°λ₯ν μλ°μ¦μ΄ λͺΈν΅κ³Ό μμͺ½ μμ§ λ° νμ§μμ κ΄μ°°λ©λλ€. μ νꡬ μΉ¨κ° μλμ C-λ°μ λ¨λ°±μ§μ΄ λͺ¨λ μμΉνμ΅λλ€. μ΄ νμμ μνλ λ€μ ν¨μ μ€ μ΄λ€ ν¨μμ λν ν체μ κ΄λ ¨μ΄ μμ΅λκΉ? | Myeloperoxidase | {
"A": "Complement component 1q",
"B": "Myeloperoxidase",
"C": "Topoisomerase-1",
"D": "Type IV collagen"
} | step1 | B | [
"61 year old man presents",
"primary care provider",
"fatigue",
"weight loss",
"muscle aches",
"experienced",
"symptoms",
"past year",
"initially attributed",
"stress",
"work",
"attorney",
"past month",
"intermittent fevers associated with",
"skin rash",
"prompted",
"to",
"medical evaluation",
"denies",
"recent history of asthma",
"rhinitis",
"hematuria",
"difficulty breathing",
"healthy",
"takes",
"medications",
"distant history of cocaine abuse",
"not used",
"drugs",
"30 years",
"family history",
"notable",
"pancreatic cancer",
"father",
"inflammatory bowel disease",
"sister",
"temperature",
"99",
"4C",
"blood pressure",
"75 mmHg",
"pulse",
"90 min",
"respirations",
"min",
"examination",
"rales",
"heard",
"bilateral lung",
"S1",
"S2",
"normal",
"Strength",
"5/5",
"bilateral upper",
"lower extremities",
"gait",
"normal",
"Palpable purpura",
"noted",
"trunk",
"bilateral upper",
"lower extremities",
"Erythrocyte sedimentation rate",
"C-reactive protein",
"elevated",
"patients condition",
"associated with antibodies directed",
"following enzymes"
] | 00000000000000010166 |
62μΈ μ¬μ± νμκ° 3μ£Ό μ μ μμλ μ²΄μ€ κ°μμ κ°νμ νκ°νκΈ° μν΄ λΈκ³Ό ν¨κ» μμ¬λ₯Ό μ°Ύμλ€. 20λ
μ , κ·Έλ
λ μ£Όμ μ°μΈμ¦ μνΌμλμ μμ΄ μλλ₯Ό κ²ͺμλ€. κ·Έ μ΄ν κ·Έλ
μ μ μ μνλ μμ μ μ΄μλ€. κ·Έλ
λ νΌμ μ΄λ©° μΌμμνμ λͺ¨λ νλμ μ€μ€λ‘ μ²λ¦¬νλ€. νμλ μ§λ 40λ
λμ λ§€μΌ λ΄λ°° 1κ°μ νΌμ λ€. κ·Έλ
λ μ΄λ€ μ½λ¬Όλ 볡μ©νμ§ μλλ€. νλΆ X-rayλ μ°μΈ‘ νμ μ€μ¬μ± κ³ λ¦½ κ²°μ μ 보μ΄λ©°, κΈ°κ΄μ§κ²½ κ²μ¬ λ° κ²½κΈ°κ΄μ§ μκ²μ μμΈν¬ νμμ λνλΈλ€. λ³΅λΆ CT μ€μΊμ κ° λ΄μ λ€μμ μ μ΄ λ³λ³μ 보μ¬μ€λ€. νμλ μ΄μ μ λΈμ μμ μ μλ£ μμ¬ κ²°μ μλ‘ μ§μ νλ€. μμ¬κ° νμμκ² μ§λ¨μ μλ¦¬λ €κ³ ν λ, νμμ λΈμ΄ μ§λ£μ€ λ°μμ κΈ°λ€λ¦¬κ³ μλ€. λΈμ μμ¬μκ² μ΄λ¨Έλμκ² μ§λ¨μ λ§νμ§ λ§λΌκ³ μμ²νλ€. λ€μ μ€ μμ¬κ° μ·¨ν΄μΌ ν κ°μ₯ μ μ ν μ‘°μΉλ 무μμΈκ°? | Clarify the daughter's reasons for the request | {
"A": "νμμκ² μ§μ€μ μκ³ μΆμμ§ λ¬»λλ€.",
"B": "νμμκ² μ§λ¨μ 곡κ°νλ€.",
"C": "λΈμκ² μ΄λ¨Έλμκ² μ§λ¨μ 곡κ°νλλ‘ κΆμ νλ€.",
"D": "λΈμ μμ² μ΄μ λ₯Ό λͺ
νν νλ€."
} | step2&3 | D | [
"62 year old woman",
"brought",
"physician",
"daughter",
"evaluation of weight loss",
"bloody cough",
"began 3 weeks",
"Twenty years",
"major depressive episode",
"suicide attempt",
"then",
"mental status",
"stable",
"lives alone",
"takes care",
"activities of daily living",
"patient",
"smoked 1 pack",
"cigarettes daily",
"past 40 years",
"not take",
"medications",
"x-ray of",
"chest shows",
"central solitary nodule",
"right lung",
"bronchoscopy with transbronchial biopsy shows",
"small cell lung cancer",
"CT scan",
"abdomen shows multiple metastatic lesions",
"liver",
"patient",
"designated",
"daughter",
"healthcare decision maker",
"physician goes to reveal",
"diagnosis",
"patient",
"patient's daughter",
"waiting outside",
"room",
"daughter",
"physician not to",
"mother",
"diagnosis",
"following",
"most appropriate action",
"physician"
] | 00000000000000010167 |
61μΈμ λ°±μΈ λ¨μ±μ΄ 6μ£Ό λμ μ§μλ μμΉ¨ λν΅μ νΈμνλ©° κ·νμ μ¬λ¬΄μ€μ λ΄μνμ΅λλ€. 머리 MRI κ²μ¬ κ²°κ³Ό λμ μ²λ§μλΆμ μλ° λΆμ λΆλͺ
μ μ μ΄ κ°λ₯μ±μ΄ λμ λ³λ³μ΄ λ°κ²¬λμμ΅λλ€. μκ² κ²°κ³Ό, μ’
μμ± λ©μ΄λ¦¬λ λ¨λ°±μ§ ν€λμμ μΈ BRAFμμ λμ°λ³μ΄κ° μλ κ²μΌλ‘ λνλ¬μΌλ©°, μ΄ λμ°λ³μ΄μμλ κΈλ£¨νμ°μ΄ λ¨λ°±μ§μ 600λ²μ§Έ μμΉμ μλ λ°λ¦°μΌλ‘ λ체λμμ΅λλ€. μ΄ μ μ΄λ μ΄λμμ κ°μ₯ μ λνμ κ°λ₯μ±μ΄ λμ΅λκΉ? | Skin | {
"A": "Stomach",
"B": "Breast",
"C": "Skin",
"D": "Brain"
} | step1 | C | [
"61 year old Caucasian male presents",
"office",
"morning headaches",
"weeks duration",
"head MRI reveals",
"likely metastasis",
"unknown origin",
"supratentorial region of",
"brain",
"biopsy",
"neoplastic mass",
"shown to",
"mutation",
"BRAF",
"a protein",
"glutamic acid",
"valine",
"position 600",
"protein",
"metastasis",
"likely"
] | 00000000000000010168 |
53μΈ λ¨μκ° 2λ
λμ μ§μλλ λνκ³ λΉνΉμ΄μ μΈ μꡬ리 ν΅μ¦μ νΈμνλ©°, ν΄μμ μ·¨νλ©΄ μνλ©λλ€. κ³Όκ±° λ³λ ₯μ κ³ νμ, κ³ μ½λ μ€ν
λ‘€νμ¦, μ 2ν λΉλ¨λ³μΌλ‘ νΉμ§μ§μ΄μ§λλ€. μλ λ₯΄κΈ°λ μμΌλ©° 볡μ©νλ μ½λ¬Όλ μμ΅λλ€. κ·Έμ μλ²μ§λ 51μΈμ μ μ₯ μ§νμΌλ‘ μ¬λ§νμΌλ©°, μ΄λ¨Έλλ λμμμΌλ‘ μΉλ£λ₯Ό λ°μμ΅λλ€. λ΄μ λΉμ νμμ 168/98 mm Hg, μ¬λ°μλ λΆλΉ 102νμ
λλ€. λ³΅λΆ κ²μ¬μμ μμΈ‘ μ μ₯ μ’
κ΄΄κ° μ΄μ§λ©λλ€. κ·Έμ μ€νμ€ κ²μ¬ κ²°κ³Όλ ν¬λ μν°λ 2.0 mg/dL, BUN 22 mg/dLλ‘ λνλ¬μ΅λλ€. μ΄ νμμκ² κ°μ₯ κΆμ₯λλ κ²μ¬λ 무μμ
λκΉ? | CT angiography of the head | {
"A": "μ€νΈλ μ€ μ¬μ₯ μ΄μν κ²μ¬",
"B": "κ΄μλλ§₯ μ‘°μμ ",
"C": "λ CT νκ΄ μ‘°μμ ",
"D": "μν νμ λ¨λ°±μ§ νμ² μΈ‘μ "
} | step2&3 | C | [
"year old man presents",
"year history of dull",
"nonspecific flank pain",
"rest",
"past medical history",
"significant",
"hypertension",
"hypercholesterolemia",
"type 2 diabetes mellitus",
"allergies",
"takes",
"medications",
"father died of kidney disease",
"age",
"mother",
"treated",
"ovarian cancer",
"presentation",
"blood pressure",
"98 mm Hg",
"heart rate",
"min",
"Abdominal examination",
"significant",
"palpable bilateral renal masses",
"laboratory tests",
"significant",
"creatinine",
"2.0 mg/dL",
"BUN",
"mg dL",
"following tests",
"most recommended",
"patient"
] | 00000000000000010169 |
33μΈ μ¬μ± νμκ° μ°ν κ²μ§μ μν΄ μμ¬ μ§λ£μ€μ λ°©λ¬Ένμ΅λλ€. νμλ 3μ£Ό μ μ 38μ£Ό λ λ¨μμμ΄λ₯Ό 무λν μ§μ λΆλ§μΌλ‘ μΆμ°νκ³ , μλ€μ μ μ μΌλ‘ λͺ¨μ μμ νκ³ μμ΅λλ€. μ΄ μλ‘μ΄ μ°λͺ¨μ μμ μ€μ μ λΆλΉλ₯Ό μ΄μ§νλ λ° κ°μ₯ μ€μν νΈλ₯΄λͺ¬μ λ€μ μμΈ μ€ μ΄λ€ μμΈμ μμΉλ₯Ό κ°μ₯ ν¬κ² λ³νμν¬κΉμ? | IP3 | {
"A": "cGMP",
"B": "IP3",
"C": "Ras",
"D": "Phospholipase A"
} | step1 | B | [
"year old woman presents",
"physician's office",
"postpartum check-up",
"gave birth",
"week old boy",
"uncomplicated vaginal",
"weeks",
"breastfeeding",
"son",
"hormone most responsible",
"promoting milk let-down",
"lactation",
"new mother",
"lead",
"greatest change",
"level",
"following factors"
] | 00000000000000010170 |
51μΈ λ¨μ±μ΄ 4μΌ μ μλ΄κ° μ²μ μμμ°¨λ¦° μ μ§μ μΈ μΌκ΅΄ λΆμ’
λ° κ±°νλ¨ μ¦μμ νΈμνλ©° λ΄μνμμ΅λλ€. κ·Έλ λν μ¬μ§κ° λΆμ΄ 보μ΄λ κ²μ μΈμ§νμ΅λλ€. κ³Όκ±° λ³λ ₯μΌλ‘λ μ§λ 10λ
κ°μ λΉλ¨λ³μ΄ μμ΅λλ€. κ·Έλ νμ¬ metforminμ λ³΅μ© μ€μ΄λ©° νλΉκ³Ό HbA1c μμΉκ° μ μ‘°μ λκ³ μμ΅λλ€. κ·Έλ ν‘μ°νμ§ μμΌλ©° κ°λ μ μ λ§μλλ€. 6κ°μ μ λ§μ§λ§ λ°©λ¬Έ μ κ·Έμ μ€νμ€ κ²°κ³Όλ μ μμ΄μμ΅λλ€. μ 체 κ²μ¬μμ νμ§μ μΌκ΅΄μ ν¨μ λΆμ’
μ΄ μμ΅λλ€. κ·Έμ νλ ₯ μ§νλ λ€μκ³Ό κ°μ΅λλ€: νμ 121/78 mm Hg, λ§₯λ° 77/λΆ, μ²΄μ¨ 36.7Β°C (98.1Β°F), νΈν‘μ 10/λΆ.
μκ²μ¬ κ²°κ³Όλ λ€μκ³Ό κ°μ΅λλ€.
pH 6.2
Color light yellow
RBC none
WBC 3-4/HPF
Protein 4+
Cast fat globules
Glucose absent
Crystal none
Ketone absent
Nitrite absent
24-hour urine protein excretion 5.1 g
μ΄ νμμ μ μ λΆμ’
μ κ°μ₯ μ λ ₯ν μμΈμ λ€μ μ€ λ¬΄μμ
λκΉ? | Hypoalbuminemia | {
"A": "Hypoalbuminemia",
"B": "Hyperlipidemia",
"C": "Loss of antithrombin III in the urine",
"D": "Loss of globulin in the urine"
} | step1 | A | [
"year old man presents",
"office",
"complaints of",
"gradual swelling",
"face",
"frothy urine",
"first",
"wife 4 days",
"limbs appear swollen",
"past medical history include diabetes mellitus",
"past 10 years",
"currently",
"metformin",
"well-controlled blood sugar",
"levels",
"not smoke",
"drinks alcohol occasionally",
"laboratory results",
"visit",
"months",
"normal",
"physical examination",
"pitting edema",
"lower extremities",
"face",
"vital signs include",
"blood pressure",
"mm Hg",
"pulse",
"min",
"temperature 36",
"98",
"respiratory rate 10/min",
"urinalysis shows",
"pH",
"Color light yellow RBC",
"WBC",
"HPF Protein",
"Cast fat globules Glucose absent Crystal",
"Ketone absent Nitrite",
"24-hour urine protein excretion",
"g",
"following",
"most likely cause",
"generalized edema",
"patient"
] | 00000000000000010171 |
47μΈ λ¨μ±μ΄ λ§μ± κΈ°μΉ¨κ³Ό μ§λ 3λ
κ° λ°λ³΅μ μΈ νΈν‘ κ³€λ μ¦μμΌλ‘ μμ¬μκ² λ΄μνμλ€. κ·Έλ μ¬λ¬ μμ¬λ₯Ό λ°©λ¬Ένμ§λ§ μΌμμ μ΄κ³ λΆλΆμ μΈ μνλ§ μ»μλ€. μ§λ 3λ
κ° μ¦μμ΄ μ¬νκ² μ
νλμ΄ 3λ² μ
μνλ€. κ·Έλ μ§λ 17λ
κ° ν‘μ°μμλ€. κ·Έλ μλ²μ§μ νμ μκ² μλ λ₯΄κΈ° μ§νμ κ°μ‘±λ ₯μ΄ μλ€. κ·Έλ μ§μ
μ΄ λλΆμ΄λ€. κ·Έμ κ³Όκ±° λ³λ ₯ κΈ°λ‘μ νΉμ μ§λ¨μ μ μνμ§ μμΌλ©° μ΅κ·Ό νλΆ λ°©μ¬μ μ¬μ§μμλ λΉνΉμ΄μ μ견μ 보μΈλ€. μμΈν μ 체κ²μ¬ ν μμ¬λ ννλ μΈ‘μ μ μ§μνλ€. κ²μ¬ μ€ μ»μ μ λ-μ©μ 루νκ° μ 곡λ©λλ€. λ€μ μ€ κ·Έμ ν κΈ°λ₯ κ²μ¬ λ³΄κ³ μμ κ°μ₯ ννκ² λνλ κ°λ₯μ±μ΄ μλ μ견μ 무μμ
λκΉ? | Increased total lung capacity (TLC) | {
"A": "Normal FEV1",
"B": "Increased FEF25-75",
"C": "Increased total lung capacity (TLC)",
"D": "Decreased functional residual capacity (FRC)"
} | step2&3 | C | [
"year old man presents",
"physician",
"chronic cough",
"recurrent episodes of dyspnea",
"last",
"years",
"visited multiple physicians",
"gained only temporary",
"partial relief",
"hospitalized 3 times",
"severe exacerbations",
"symptoms",
"last",
"years",
"smoker",
"years",
"family history of allergic disorders",
"father",
"brother",
"farmer",
"profession",
"past medical records",
"not suggest",
"specific diagnosis",
"recent chest radiographs",
"show nonspecific findings",
"detailed physical examination",
"physician orders",
"spirometric evaluation",
"flow-volume loop obtained",
"test",
"given",
"following findings",
"most likely to",
"present",
"report",
"pulmonary function"
] | 00000000000000010172 |
60μΈ λ¨μ±μ΄ μ§λ ν μ£Ό λμμ νΌλ‘κ°κ³Ό 컨λμ
μ νλ‘ μκΈμ€μ λ΄μνμ΅λλ€. κ·Έλ μν μ¬λκ³Ό μ μ΄ν μ μ΄ μμΌλ©°, μμ μ μ¦μμ μ€λͺ
ν μ μλ μ ν μ¦μμ΄λ μ¬κ±΄μ λ μ¬λ¦΄ μ μλ€κ³ μ§μ ν©λλ€. νμλ λΉλ¨λ³, κ³ νμ, 보쑴λ λ°μΆ λΆνμ λλ°ν μΈνμ± μ¬λΆμ μ κ³Όκ±° λ³λ ₯μ κ°μ§κ³ μμ΅λλ€. κ·Έμ 체μ¨μ 98Β°F (36.7Β°C), νμμ 125/65 mmHg, λ§₯λ°μ 90/min, νΈν‘μλ 14/minμ΄λ©°, μ€λ΄ 곡기μμ μ°μ ν¬νλλ 100%μ
λλ€. κ²μ¬μ€ μμΉκ° μ»μ΄μ‘μΌλ©° μλμ μ μλμ΄ μμ΅λλ€.
Hemoglobin: 12 g/dL
Hematocrit: 36%
Leukocyte count: 6,500/mm^3 with normal differential
Platelet count: 197,000/mm^3
Serum:
Na+: 147 mEq/L
Cl-: 105 mEq/L
K+: 4.1 mEq/L
HCO3-: 26 mEq/L
BUN: 21 mg/dL
Glucose: 100 mg/dL
Creatinine: 1.1 mg/dL
Ca2+: 10.1 mg/dL
AST: 12 U/L
ALT: 10 U/L
Urine:
Appearance: clear
Specific gravity: 1.003
νμλ λ³λμ μ
μνκ³ , μλΆ μ ν κ²μ¬λ₯Ό μννμΌλ©°, λ¨ κ²μ¬λ₯Ό λ°λ³΅νμ§λ§ λ³νκ° μμμ΅λλ€. λ€μ μ€ μ΅μ μ λ€μ κ΄λ¦¬ λ¨κ³λ 무μμ
λκΉ? | Administer desmopressin | {
"A": "Demeclocycline ν¬μ¬",
"B": "Desmopressin ν¬μ¬",
"C": "μ μ₯μ‘ ν¬μ¬",
"D": "λλΆ CT μν"
} | step2&3 | B | [
"60 year old man presents",
"emergency department",
"fatigue",
"feeling",
"past week",
"not",
"sick contacts",
"states",
"cant think",
"potential preceding symptoms",
"occurrence to",
"presentation",
"patient",
"past medical diabetes",
"hypertension",
"congestive heart failure with preserved ejection fraction",
"temperature",
"36",
"blood pressure",
"65 mmHg",
"pulse",
"90 min",
"respirations",
"min",
"oxygen saturation",
"100",
"room air",
"Laboratory values",
"obtained",
"shown",
"Hemoglobin",
"g/dL Hematocrit",
"36",
"Leukocyte count",
"6 500 mm 3",
"normal differential Platelet count",
"mm",
"Serum",
"Na",
"mEq/L Cl",
"mEq/L K",
"4.1 mEq/L HCO3",
"mEq/L",
"mg/dL Glucose",
"100 mg/dL Creatinine",
"1.1 mg/dL Ca2",
"10",
"mg/dL AST",
"U/L ALT",
"10 U/L",
"Urine",
"Appearance",
"clear Specific gravity",
"1",
"patient",
"admitted",
"floor",
"water deprivation test",
"performed",
"urine studies",
"repeated",
"unchanged",
"following",
"best next step",
"management"
] | 00000000000000010173 |
15λ
κ°μ λΉλ¨λ³ λ³λ ₯μ κ°μ§ 45μΈ λ¨μ±μ΄ μ κΈ° κ²μ§μ μν΄ μ£ΌμΉμμκ² λ΄μνμ΅λλ€. λ΄λΉ μμ¬λ κ·Έμ μ μ₯ κΈ°λ₯μ λν΄ μ°λ €νκ³ μμΌλ©° μ μ₯ μμμ κ°μ§νκΈ° μν κ²μ¬λ₯Ό μ²λ°©νκ³ μ ν©λλ€. λ€μ μ€ λΉλ¨λ³ νμμ μ μ₯ μμ κ°μ§μ κ°μ₯ λ―Όκ°ν κ²μ¬λ 무μμ
λκΉ? | Urine microalbumin to creatinine ratio | {
"A": "Cystatin C levels",
"B": "Urine microalbumin to creatinine ratio",
"C": "Hemoglobin A1C",
"D": "Urine protein dipstick"
} | step2&3 | B | [
"year old male",
"history of diabetes mellitus presents",
"primary care provider",
"routine checkup",
"doctor",
"concerned",
"renal function",
"to order",
"test to detect renal impairment",
"following",
"most sensitive test",
"detecting renal impairment",
"diabetic patients"
] | 00000000000000010174 |
μ μμ μ λ³ κ²μ¬ κ²°κ³Ό μμ±μ λ°μ μ§ 2μ£Ό λ λ¨μ μ μκ° μ§λ¨μ μν λ κ²μ¬λ₯Ό μν΄ μμκ³Όμ λ΄μνμ΅λλ€. κ²μ¬ κ²°κ³Ό, μΌνλ¬Ό μμΉλ 65 mmol/L (nl < 29 mmol/L)λ‘ λνλ¬μ΅λλ€. νμ DNA μΌκΈ°μμ΄ λΆμμ ν΅ν΄ λ¨λ°±μ§ λΆμμ λ° μ‘°κΈ° λΆν΄λ₯Ό μ΄λνλ κ²μΌλ‘ μλ €μ§ transmembrane cAMP-activated ion channelμμ 3κ°μ μΌκΈ°μ κ²°μμ΄ λ°κ²¬λμμ΅λλ€. μμ¬λ λΆλͺ¨μκ² μ μκ° λΆμ μ ν μ μ‘ λ°°μΆλ‘ μΈν΄ νΈν‘κΈ° κ°μΌμ κ²ͺκ² λ κ²μ΄λΌκ³ μ€λͺ
νκ³ , μ μ‘ λΉλ¨λ°±μ§ κ°μ μ΄ν©ν κ²°ν©μ μ λ¨νμ¬ μ μ‘ λ§κ°λ₯Ό λμ¨νκ² νλ κ²κ³Ό κ°μ λ€μν μ μ‘ μ©ν΄μ λ₯Ό κ²ν ν©λλ€. μ΄ μ μ‘ μ©ν΄μ λ λ€μ μ€ μ΄λ€ κ³Όλ€ λ³΅μ©μ λν μΉλ£μ λ‘λ μ¬μ©λ μ μμ΅λκΉ? | Acetaminophen | {
"A": "Opioids",
"B": "Acetaminophen",
"C": "Cyanide",
"D": "Benzodiazepines"
} | step1 | B | [
"receiving",
"positive newborn",
"2 week old male infant",
"brought",
"pediatrician",
"diagnostic sweat",
"results",
"chloride levels",
"65 mmol/L",
"nl",
"29 mmol/L",
"Subsequent DNA sequencing revealed",
"3 base pair deletion",
"transmembrane cAMP activated ion channel known to result",
"protein instability",
"early degradation",
"physician discusses",
"parents",
"infant",
"respiratory due to",
"mucus clearance",
"reviews various mucolytic agents",
"one",
"disulfide bonds",
"mucus glycoproteins",
"loosening",
"mucus plug",
"mucolytic",
"used",
"treatment",
"following overdoses"
] | 00000000000000010175 |
25μΈ λ¨μ±μ΄ μ’μΈ‘ μ΄κΉ¨ ν΅μ¦μΌλ‘ λ΄μνμ΅λλ€. κ·Έλ μ΄ ν΅μ¦μ΄ 3λ
μ μ μμλμκ³ μ μ§μ μΌλ‘ μ
νλμλ€κ³ λ§ν©λλ€. κ·Έλ κ΄μ μΈμ, λ°μ΄, λ°°λ¨κ³€λ λλ μμΉ¨ κ²½μ§μ λΆμΈν©λλ€. κ·Έλ μλ³μ΄ 곡기μ λ
ΈμΆλ ν κ²κ² λ³νλ©° μ΄λ¦° μμ λΆν° κ·Έλμλ€κ³ λ§ν©λλ€. κ·Έλ μ±κ΄κ³ ννΈλκ° ν λͺ
μ΄λ©° μ κΈ°μ μΌλ‘ μ½λμ μ¬μ©ν©λλ€. κ·Έμ λ§₯λ°μ 72ν/λΆ, νΈν‘μλ 18ν/λΆ, 체μ¨μ 37.2Β°C (99.0Β°F), νμμ 135/80 mm Hgμ
λλ€. μ 체 κ²μ¬ κ²°κ³Ό μμͺ½ κ³΅λ§ λ³μμ΄ λνλ¬κ³ μ°μΈ‘ νκΏμΉ, μ’μΈ‘ 무λ¦, μ΄κΉ¨λ₯Ό μ΄μ§ μ μν΅μ΄ μμμ΅λλ€. λ°±νꡬ μλ 6,000/mm3μ
λλ€. λ€μ μ€ μ΄ νμμκ² κ°μ₯ κ²°νλμμ κ°λ₯μ±μ΄ λμ ν¨μλ 무μμ
λκΉ? | Homogentisic acid oxidase | {
"A": "Branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase",
"B": "Cystathionine synthase deficiency",
"C": "Homogentisic acid oxidase",
"D": "Propionyl-CoA carboxylase"
} | step1 | C | [
"year old man",
"office",
"of pain in",
"left shoulder",
"pain started 3 years",
"worsened",
"denies joint trauma",
"fever",
"dysuria",
"morning stiffness",
"urine turns black",
"exposed",
"air",
"so",
"childhood",
"one sexual partner",
"use condoms",
"pulse",
"72 min",
"respiratory rate",
"min",
"temperature",
"99",
"blood pressure",
"80 mm Hg",
"Physical examination shows bilateral scleral",
"point tenderness",
"palpation",
"right elbow",
"left knee",
"shoulder",
"Leukocyte count",
"mm3",
"following enzymes",
"most likely deficient",
"patient"
] | 00000000000000010176 |
26μΈμ μ΄μμ λΆκ° 10μκ° λμμ μ§ μΆνκ³Ό ν볡ν΅μΌλ‘ μΈν΄ μκΈμ€μ λ΄μνμ΅λλ€. κ·Έλ
λ λν μ§λ 4μ£Ό λμ λ©μ€κΊΌμκ³Ό νΌλ‘κ°μ λκΌμ΅λλ€. λ§μ§λ§ μκ²½μ 9μ£Ό μ μ΄μμ΅λλ€. κ³Όκ±° λ³λ ₯μ μμ΅λλ€. νλ ₯ μ§νλ μ μ λ²μ λ΄μ μμ΅λλ€. κ³¨λ° κ²μ¬ κ²°κ³Ό μκΆ ν¬κΈ°λ μμ 9μ£Όμ ν΄λΉν©λλ€. μλ³ μμ ν
μ€νΈλ μμ±μ
λλ€. Ξ²-HCG μμΉλ 108,000 mIU/mLμ
λλ€ (N < 5 mIU/mL). κ²½μ§ μ΄μν κ²μ¬ κ²°κ³Ό λΆλΆλͺ
νκ³ λ¬΄μ νμ μΈ νμ λΆλΆκ³Ό μ¬λ¬ κ°μ λμ± κ³΅κ°μ΄ μλ ν° νλ°μ΄ κ΄μ°°λ©λλ€. λ€μ μ€ μ΄ νμμ μνμ λν κ°μ₯ κ°λ₯μ± λμ μμΈμ 무μμ
λκΉ? | Partial molar pregnancy | {
"A": "Complete molar pregnancy",
"B": "Choriocarcinoma",
"C": "Partial molar pregnancy",
"D": "Placental abruption"
} | step1 | C | [
"year old primigravid woman",
"emergency department",
"a 10 hour history",
"vaginal bleeding",
"lower abdominal pain",
"nausea",
"fatigue",
"past 4 weeks",
"last menstrual period",
"weeks",
"history of medical illness",
"Vital signs",
"normal limits",
"Pelvic examination shows",
"uterus consistent",
"size",
"week gestation",
"urine pregnancy test",
"positive",
"HCG level",
"mIU/mL",
"N",
"5 mIU/mL",
"Transvaginal ultrasonography shows",
"amorphous fetal parts",
"large placenta",
"multiple cystic spaces",
"following",
"most likely cause",
"patient's condition"
] | 00000000000000010177 |
Subsets and Splits