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start-unk-stop-pad-mNLP-project 4

[ "dwfbs00", "dwf3a0g", "dwfbj82", "dwf38eh", "dwf3m6k", "dwf8ipd", "dwf36qx", "dwfddj1", "dwf3o58", "dwff7l4", "dwfdi82", "dwf8x5l", "dwf8lpn", "dwfmx7f", "dwfhows", "dwf3q96", "dwfmej6", "dwf9fc3", "dwfdnue", "dwfguze", "dwfkp7f", "dwfmdp2", "dwfc0re", "dwfhqky", "dwfdy5z", "dwg2nqv", "dwfccch", "dwfhtkg", "dwfl8qy" ]

[ "A slightly different approach to the other answers which sum up to \"We compare against modern CGI\" The increase in quality for CGI has to do with the level of detail you pay attention to. At first, CGI was clearly using hard angles where it should be using soft curves. So, when someone finally got soft curves right, it was \"So realistic!\" But now the thing which made CGI obvious was the colors and shadows. Someone got colors and shadows right, and CGI was \"So realistic!\" But now the thing which made CGI obvious was the use of bulk motion where individual motion should occur (like clumps of hair instead of strands). Then we had issues of being TOO perfect. Issues of no superfluous motion (random breeze, background people, facial ticks). Not sure what precisely the latest issues are, and likely have some of the listed issues out of order. But it boils down to the people who work on CGI technology addressing the issues they are aware of as the most glaring, and then consumers of the media noticing new problems and focusing on those as the method of determining what is real and what is not. So, when you look at older CGI, you bring with you a host of expectations, but that CGI wasn't even aware of needing to satisfy half of your needs." ]

[ 9593 ]

[ [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [ "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xAgs0Eq6jlY" ], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dzo2ih3", "dzoba1g" ]

[ "Physician assistant suicide is often phenobarbital, something people would OD on back in the day. One single drug, gently knocks you out and kills you without any dramatic stuff. It basically amps up the brain receptor that says \"chill out neuron\" so your whole brain chills out, till it knocks you out, and your respiratory drive chills out too and you die. Death penalty, that doesn't use such a method. There's a cocktail of 3 drugs, one to knock you out, then one that relaxes your muscles, then one to stop your heart. Since your heart is a muscle, the anti-heart drug also messes with your muscles so they can very dramatically spasm if the anti-muscle drug didn't work right. This is also complicated by many pharma companies refusing to provide the drug for moral reasons. Or the electric chair, which also doesn't always work. Or hanging, which can be ugly. Death penalty uses more complicated and less reliable methods, physician assisted uses simpler and more reliable methods." ]

[ 13 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "e99jwtd", "e99idge" ]

[ "A typical barcode consists of 95 columns of the same thickness. When a reader scans the barcode it reads the columns left to right, it reads a black column as a 1 and a while column as a 0. When you see black (or white) columns that are thicker than others, that’s a series of 1’s (or 0’s). It reads this by shooting a laser at the barcode and testing the reflection. Not a lot of laser reflected back? It’s a 1. Lots of laser reflected back? 0. Those 1’s and 0’s together create some kind of information (typically an item code in the store’s database that the register can reference for information such as price). This is called Binary, which is a totally different subject." ]

[ 6 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dqdqpu4" ]

[ "Because there are different compounds interacting with different receptors. Peppers have capsaicin, which triggers the same receptors as hot temperature receptors. Wasabi and mustards have isothiocyanates, a different compound. They are also short lived due to not being oily and volatile, meaning they can easily be washed away, or they evaporate away." ]

[ 6 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "djfx677" ]

[ "Different shapes of food have different ratios of surface area to volume, which can affect how they're cooked or how they soak up sauces. For example, thin fries are crispier than thick fries because most of the potato in a thin fry is on the outside getting itself fried in hot oil. Thick fries keep a lot more of their total potato content on the inside, away from the oil, which keeps them softer. Shapes of macaroni that have lots of little holes can absorb more cheese sauce than standard elbow macaroni, so you tend to get more cheese sauce per bite with them. So the shape of food can do a lot to affect the texture and the way it'll end up tasting." ]

[ 27 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "ejqaa40" ]

[ "There's not a lot else to do in Denmark. I kid, I kid. The reason why, according to various experts cited in a report in the [*Guardian*]( URL_0 ), is because Denmark has the most supply. That's not to say that Danish men have a particular predilection for whackin' off into cups, but the fact that Denmark -- unlike most other EU countries -- has laws that allow for the anonymity of sperm donors means that donation there isn't perceived as being likely to bite you in the ass with regards to child support later on. As such, the country has managed to turn it into a booming industry that supplies its product to most of the EU. (The US has similar laws, as far as I can tell, which makes the two countries frontrunners in the industry.) On top of that, Denmark is one of relatively few countries that allows you to be financially compensated for your swimmers; in many other locations, you can only be compensated for your expenses. There's also the issue of maximum donations. In most countries, you're eligible to donate to a maximum number of families, regardless of where those families are based; in Denmark, you can donate to a maximum of twelve families domestically (again higher than the average), but that limit is twelve *per country*. Denmark can thus export more of that high-quality Danish mangoop from fewer donors. In short: the legal system in Denmark is almost uniquely structured for sperm donation, which makes it an industry that can thrive." ]

[ 13 ]

[ [ "https://www.theguardian.com/science/2018/aug/15/americas-hottest-export-sperm-fertility" ] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "en0g8sj", "en0ee7o" ]

[ "Direct sunlight is bad for pretty much everything and almost always for the same reason: UV radiation breaks down matter. In the case of electronics, they will break down the protective layers of the circuit boards and eventually start digging into the copper tracks." ]

[ 6 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "drpgj93", "drpi071", "drpjo2l" ]

[ "As you move through the atmosphere, the air causes a force known as drag. You can feel drag if you stick your hand out of the window as you're travelling in a car. Drag is related to the speed an object is moving through the air. The faster you move, the more drag you experience. If you are falling, accelerating faster and faster, the drag you experience also grows. Eventually, the force of drag matches the force trying to accelerate you (gravity in this case), and you experience no further increase in speed. This is known as terminal velocity. Terminal velocity can and does happen along horizontal planes as well as vertical. Ironically, it is experienced in planes. This is the reason jets travel so high. The get into the thinner air so the drag is less (and the terminal velocity is greater)." ]

[ 19 ]

[ [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "ddz03bv" ]

[ "We're all familiar with taxes that tax your income. But there's another class of tax that taxes your expenditure - it's called a consumption tax. A goods and services tax is a type of consumption tax. A very simple type of consumption tax is the sales tax that is added on to the price at the checkout. But, what if, instead of just taxing the last sale, you taxed every transaction as the product trickles down the supply chain? When you do that you have a goods and services tax (sometimes called a value added tax, because every transaction in the supply chain adds value, and it is the value that is being taxed). Consumption taxes are seen to be reasonably fair because, unlike income taxes, they're quite difficult to avoid. However, they're not perfect because it favours richer people who don't spend their entire paycheque (ie they don't consume all their money), whereas poor people pay the tax immediately on payday. That said, rich people will always get a tax advantage over poorer people, it's just that with a consumption tax the advantage is a lot less than the advantage they get from avoiding income taxes." ]

[ 3 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "duuwx8w" ]

[ "Think you may need to rephrase the question. There are specific areas of the brain responsible for specific functions. Also if you destroy half the brain at once there is no time to adapt. With slow or progressive damage, the brain has a limited ability to adapt by forging new pathways. There would be a difference in answering your question based on whether you are referring to the left half vs right half, or the top half vs bottom half. You would likely have catastrophic impairment either way. If the brain stem remains intact (bottom half), theoretically you'd still be able to breath w/o use of a ventilator. If half the brain stem is removed I'd imagine you wouldn't continue breathing on your own." ]

[ 4 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "e0g9owo", "e0g973j", "e0gaz38" ]

[ "It is more durable than clay, less likely to corrode than iron, and less toxic than lead which were the other options at the time of use. In modernity PVC pipes are more common." ]

[ 20 ]

[ [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "gkn6m7u" ]

[ "They can do one of two things: Anticoagulant drugs, like warfarin, slow down the processes by which the body makes clots. Anti-platelet drugs, like aspirin, stop your platelets from clumping together to form the clot." ]

[ 17 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "di8n2np", "di934ip", "di8woq0", "di8mlca", "di8vfjf", "di8ypbi", "di936ko", "di96m9w", "di93doi" ]

[ "Just based on a 90 minute cycle, you probably woke up half an hour into a second cycle at 6:30. Side note: I did the exact same thing at the same times this morning. Also felt good at 4:30 and shitty at 6:30" ]

[ 196 ]

[ [], [], [], [], [], [], [ "https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/sleep-cycle-alarm-clock/id320606217?mt=8" ], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "g3qwj3r", "g3qx9i7", "g3qx2bm" ]

[ "Anything that's been canned is fine at room temperature. The canning process involves heating it to the point where all microbes are killed, so the inside of the can is sterile and will not spoil at room temperature until you open it." ]

[ 11 ]

[ [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "ffsubqj" ]

[ "There's a lot to unpack here. This ELI5 won't be correct, but something this complex can't really *be* correct at ELI5 level. Don't take this explanation at face value. Take it more as a mere introduction to some of the general concepts, from one armchair Reddit user to another. The universe happens to have a speed limit. No *thing* that is *in* space can go faster than this speed *through* space. We call it *c*. It stands for *causality*. It is the maximum speed by which anything can *cause* anything else to happen in the universe. Things that do not have mass will always travel at this speed in a vacuum, all the time, always, no exceptions. Photons (light) happen to be one of these things, which is why you almost always hear *c* referred to as \"the speed of light\". *c* actually has nothing to do with light in particular, but the name is stuck. In Einstein's general relativity, it is said that space and time are actually two pieces of the same thing, called *spacetime*. Spacetime is four-dimensional, with three \"space-like\" dimensions and one \"time-like\" dimension. ...perhaps I should back up for a moment. Think of a piece of paper. It's two-dimensional, right? Draw a doodle on it. Now lay another sheet of paper on top of it. Draw another doodle, similar to the first, but slightly shifted. Now another sheet, draw another doodle. And another. And another. And another, lots of times. What do you have? A lot of sheets of paper with static, 2D drawings on them. But if you bind them to one side, and flip through them very quickly... the doodle starts to look like it's a single illustration that's animating! You could say each page of the flip book is a snapshot of time, and flipping through the doodle is like moving ahead through time, one snapshot at a time. The sheet still only has two \"space-like\" dimensions, but by stacking them up you've created a third, \"time-like\" dimension. Congratulations, you've invented spacetime! A 3D spacetime, anyway. You could think of our 4D spacetime as something vaguely similar -- the universe is a stack of 3D frames, stretching into the fourth dimension of time. To move through time is to advance frames up the stack. Now, let's look at *c* again. As it turns out, *c* isn't just the speed that massless things travel through space. It's the speed that *everything*, even *you*, travels, through space *AND* time. If we think back to our flipbook, and we ask which directions our doodle could move, it would appear to make sense that it could only move left, right, up, or down. But you could also think of pointing that arrow *out* of the page, through time! Such it is with spacetime in four dimensions -- your speed can point purely through space, and you can use the full speed to go through it, or you can divert some of that speed to start moving through time. So, the faster you move through space, the slower time ticks for you, and the slower you move through space, the faster time ticks for you. (Sidenote: remember I said that massless things always travel at *c* through space? So, they aren't diverting any of their speed to move through time, so... does that mean they don't experience time? Yes! If you were a photon, you would have no concept of time. You would be instantly created and destroyed in the same instant from your perspective. In fact, it doesn't even make *sense* to say \"from a photon's perspective\". The mathematics completely break down when you pretend to observe things as a photon. Physicists would phrase this as \"lightspeed reference frames are invalid\". By the same principle, anything that has mass CANNOT move through space at *c*. So a tiny amount of speed will *always* be pointing through time. Thus, anything with mass will ALWAYS experience time, no matter how fast they go.) Another thing to note about spacetime is that, unless acted on by a force, anything traveling through it is ALWAYS traveling in a straight line. This should be a pretty simple concept to grasp. Newton's first law, right? An object in motion stays in motion. If I shoot a marble across a table, it will keep shooting in a straight line until it hits something. That should be pretty intuitive. Put a pin in this idea, we'll come back to it in a second. So what does gravity have to do with all of this? Well, funny thing about general relativity... in general relativity, gravity as a \"force\" doesn't exist! It's an *illusion*. What's really going on, is that things with mass *distort spacetime itself* just by existing in it. The classical way to demonstrate this is with a 2D bedsheet, or a trampoline surface. If you put a heavy marble on the sheet, it will sink a bit, and deform the sheet around it into a funnel. The closer you get to the marble, and the heaver the marble is, the steeper the funnel gets. Now, let's take our marble shoot example from before and shoot it so it just barely misses the heavy marble. What happens? The shot marble goes in a straight line... until it hits the funnel. And then it appears to deflect and bend around the massive marble. What just happened there? Did the heavy marble \"attract\" the small marble through some invisible force? Well... no. The heavy marble was bending the sheet itself. All that flat space around it has now been stretched out into a funnel with more surface area. The light marble did what it was always doing, traveling in a straight line, but since the sheet got bent into a funnel, the path that is a \"straight line\" now follows the contour of the funnel for a bit, creating an arched path. From the light marble's perspective, it was traveling in a straight line the whole time, but from our distant perspective, it looked like it was pulled in to the heavy marble by some invisible force. That is Einstein's explanation for gravity. It is the effect you see when something moves through deformed, or *curved*, spacetime. So, okay, gravity can deflect things moving through space, but what does this have to do with the *time* part, specifically? Well, mass's curvature effect on spacetime affects the time dimension, too. There's really no super intuitive way to explain this, and any real physicist will probably weep at this gross and wrong simplification, but here we go: the way mass is \"stretching\" 4D spacetime changes the way you advance through time, compared to how you would if you weren't near something very massive. Just like how the heavy marble stretched the space of the sheet, effectively cramming more space into an area than flat space would normally contain, and the light marble had to traverse that extra space and got deflected, mass stretches the time dimension, effectively \"cramming\" more time there than normal. And you, being close to that mass, have to traverse that \"extra\" time, but at the same speed of *c*. To an observer far, far away, it looks like your clock is ticking slower as you are bogged down with this stretched, curved time dimension. And that is why gravity \"slows down\" time." ]

[ 19 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "edz2gxv", "edyz0ow", "edz80kr", "edz1c9m", "edz8qpd", "edz87vh", "edz24jf", "edz6ftx" ]

[ "In the interest of sticking to the spirit of ELI5, I'm gonna gloss over some really interesting and complicated things. If anyone has questions or wants greater detail, feel free to ask. *** Since it's kind of an inherent property of computers that any computer can run any software, the development of AI is a programming exercise rather than an engineering one. In order to understand what kind of programs may be AI, we first need to ask what AI *is*. In the perception of the general public there are essentially two categories of AI, one of which exists and one of which does not. The latter is the kind of AI you see in science fiction movies like *Terminator*, *Eagle Eye* and *Blade Runner*. We call this *artificial general intelligence*; AI which can perform general intelligent action (like humans and other animals do) or perhaps even experience a kind of consciousness. The former is the kind of AI you see in software, websites and other applications such as self-driving cars, virtual assistants and those face-changing cellphone apps. We call this *applied artificial intelligence*; AI for studying specific datasets, solving specific problems or performing specific tasks. In general, you can expect that the continued development of applied AI will lead to the eventual emergence of AGI. The distinguishing mark of the kinds of problems we use applied AI to solve is that they are problems which previously we would call on a human (or at least an animal) to solve. For a long time, human drivers, living assistants and human artists are how we would accomplish solutions to the problem examples I mentioned above. Meanwhile, the natural strength of computers is in calculation alone. While humans could do all sorts of things computers could not, computers could perform calculation much more quickly and accurately than humans can. Thus, there was division between man and machine. I hope all that context wasn't too boring because I'm about to get to an important point. Now that we understand what AI is, we can rephrase OP's question in a way which gives us insight into the answer. Instead of \"how is AI possible\", we ask this: **how can we make computers good at doing the things that people can do?** And the answer, of course, is in finding ways to mathematically describe the problems that humans solve by means such as instinct and practice. If we can come up with a way to describe human problems with numbers then we can use the computational strength of machines to solve those problems. Thus the endeavour of AI programmers is all about collecting, understanding, framing and processing data. It's about forgetting how a human sees a problem for long enough to boil it down to sheer numbers that a machine can work with and then returning to a human frame of mind so that the meaning behind those numbers is not lost. This leaves the question of how, exactly, it is done and I suppose the best way to answer is with a simple example. For those who want to **TL;DR** past the bulk of this comment, here's where to jump in. Imagine you want to write a program for telling red things apart from blue things. First, you're going to need to collect some pictures of red things and blue things and then you're going to label each of them with the correct colour. You feed this information to the computer. Now, digital images are stored as lists of numbers. Each pixel has a value for how red (R), how green (G) and how blue (B) it should be displayed. The computer can see that the images labelled \"red\" tend to have pixels with high values for R and low values for B while the images labelled \"blue\" tend to have pixels with high values for B and low values for R. It can also see that the value of G just doesn't seem to matter much. At this stage, the program has a rudimentary understanding of the labels \"red\" and \"blue\" as they relate to the pixel content of an image. Now you can show it a new image and ask it whether the image belongs to the \"red\" set or the \"blue\" set and the computer will look at the pixels, do some math, and tell you whether the image has high R values or high B values. The more images you use to train the computer with, the better it will understand the difference and the better a job it can do of telling red and blue apart in new images. *** Hopefully this helps. Chances are I've missed out something important so please feel free to ask me questions or for greater detail on any point. It's really an interesting topic and it's certainly the direction of the future." ]

[ 167 ]

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[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "fhwwv2b", "fhwwu6i" ]

[ "There are two pieces of metal. The inner container, and the outer container, they only come in contact with each other at the neck of the bottle. the void between them is a vacuum, that is to say the air has been pumped out of the void and a vacuum exists. Because there is now no air, the space between them can't transmit heat from one container to the other and thus cool or heat the liquid inside. So the vacuum acts as an insulator and keeps the beverage at the same temperature it was when it was poured in for a very long time. eventually, the minute connection between the two containers will cause the liquid to come to room temp what ever that may be." ]

[ 10 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "eac2skq", "eac30d4", "eac99y2", "eac3b1n" ]

[ "Gravity. It's only about 200 miles from Earth, and therefore is pulled on very hard by our gravity. Same reason the Moon stays around." ]

[ 12 ]

[ [], [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dfb5llc" ]

[ "Motion sickness comes about when the brain receives conflicting sensory signals. If you sit in the back of the car and stare at the head rest in front of you, read, play on your phone, whatever, your inner ear is sensing the motion of the car, but your eyes aren't passing that same information on - as far as the eyes are concerned you're staying still. In evolutionary terms, the only thing that could induce this difference in inputs was some kind of poison, so the body's response is to feel nauseated to try and make you throw up whatever it is you ate. When you're in the front of the car, you're more likely to look up at where you're going, and even if you don't, your peripheral vision is more likely to pick up the movement of the car with the added view through the windshield. So if you don't want to get carsick in the back, make sure you look up and out of the window regularly so your brain doesn't get conflicting signals." ]

[ 31 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "efp1997", "efp1uxt" ]

[ "It is called the handshake. There are still used in technology but we seldom hear them any more. After a connection is made. The devices negotiate what protocol parameters, speed, error correct and compression will be used. URL_0" ]

[ 3 ]

[ [ "https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handshaking" ], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "e9nvf1y" ]

[ "It is \"Fulfillment by Amazon\" or FBA. Instead of selling products on the Amazon website but shipping them yourself, you can store products in Amazon warehouses and have Amazon pick the products from your stores and ship them to buyers. Basically it offloads much of the overhead costs onto Amazon and for this service they charge a fee, but you don't have to do it yourself." ]

[ 10 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "elfigck", "elfik88", "elffhgv" ]

[ "When they say the same engine has been used for that length of time, they don't mean it has literally stayed the same all those years. It will have been continuously updated throughout that time. I work on a game engine that has been in use by company for over 15 years, but there are only a few core bits of code that still exist from back then. The rest of it gets updated or replaced as new technology and techniques are developed. The way we work, all these updates happen alongside games being developed on it. We don't stop development on the \"old\" engine and start using the \"new one\", it's continuous development." ]

[ 20 ]

[ [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "eicoofx" ]

[ "What do you mean by 'benefit humans'? Ion thrusters work by accelerating ions from the back of the spacecraft - conservation of momentum implies that as the ions go one way, the spacecraft goes the other. Their advantages include a good efficiency, but they produce very low thrust. This means that they cannot be used to replace a chemical rocket for take off, but could be useful for long distance missions where they can provide a little bit of thrust over a long time to accelerate to high speeds." ]

[ 3 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dxmccl1", "dxmkdb9", "dxmcmmo", "dxmcfgk" ]

[ "It's got to do with muscle memory. It's an action you've taught yourself to do so you'll involuntarily remember how you moved and acted to do it. It's not the same as learning a bunch of notes." ]

[ 13 ]

[ [], [], [ "https://youtu.be/MFzDaBzBlL0" ], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dgqdai0", "dgqdbmd", "dgqchs8", "dgqr2f5" ]

[ "This would be along the same lines of 'did cancer exist before modern medicine?' Or maybe 'did sugar cravings exist before processed sugar?' Just because we weren't able to give it a name doesn't mean the condition didn't exist. It just means it wasn't understood or diagnosed. It might have been observed much less than it is today as it was an undesirable trait, and so there is a good chance people would have hidden such traits in order to increase their chances of being accepted in society and finding a partner, but it would certainly have existed. Just as ADHD, schizophrenia, autism, heart disease, STI's, any other disorder / disease we know of today would have existed." ]

[ 27 ]

[ [], [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "ggo51ai", "ggojulw", "ggo52qz" ]

[ "Say you have a company a you need money You can split you company into 100 parts, and sell them for 1000 per piece If you sell 49, you still got your company decisional power (decisions are taken by the majority, which you own by owning 51% of the company) , and you also have 49.000$" ]

[ 11 ]

[ [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "gakkk1a", "gakl0qy", "gaktsx4" ]

[ "Brain damage. Disease. Memory loss. Severe depression, anxiety or other emotional dysfunction. Exposure to heavy metals such as Lead." ]

[ 6 ]

[ [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "goz2h60", "goyzbgt", "goyzksv", "gozcrpl", "gozsgvo", "gp076be" ]

[ "You cannot \"block\" gravity. It is not like light beams or magnetic fields. There is no such thing as a gravity shield. As long as there is mass, there is gravity." ]

[ 11 ]

[ [], [], [], [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dsmjd0m" ]

[ "Expectation. You expect there to be another step so your brain prepares it self and sends neruons to your muscles to engage when it thinks you will step on it. But since there’s no step your muscles overcompensated and you feel off balanced." ]

[ 8 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "exy3gef", "exyct03", "exy43ps", "exydbcj", "exyo2pj", "exzh8bl" ]

[ "The air is dryer in the winter, and also the storms tend to be more stable. Without these two ingredients lightning doesn't form. Though to answer the question of thunder (in the case of there is lightning) snow acts as a sound dampener. Go outside after a snow fall and notice how it's eerily quiet. That's because sound waves get trapped in the nooks and crannies in the fresh fallen snow." ]

[ 143 ]

[ [], [], [], [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "fpnyruh", "fpnqpng", "fpnnr8t", "fpo0bku" ]

[ "If I spend 100 bucks at a shop, the shop keeper makes 30 bucks profit. She saves 5 and spends 25 bucks at another shop, that shop keeper makes 5 bucks profit and spends it at a 3rd shop, etc. This is called aggregate demand, cos all this demand (ie spending) adds up. 100 bucks spent by me, means 130 bucks spent in the economy. So if I lose my job the economy doesn’t just lose my 100. It loses the 30 extra dollars that now won’t be spent either. Now those other shops suffer and maybe have to sack people or reduce their hours, now their workers’ aggregate demand is also lower. Now it’s a recession. But what if, when I lost my job, the government gave me some money temporarily to spend. Now the economy doesn’t lose my aggregate demand. And this stimulus spending makes the recession shorter and less severe and we recover faster. Thus in recession government should run a deficit due to this stimulus spending and when the economy is growing run a large surplus to pay off the debt it accrued during the last recession. The surplus and the deficit cancel each other out and this is what is correctly called a ‘balanced budget’." ]

[ 53 ]

[ [], [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "diep6ay" ]

[ "We have stereo vision and stereo hearing, but mono smelling - we have two nostrils to trade off which one is stuffed, so our sense of smell is limited to detecting concentration but not direction, while we can sense concentration and direction of light and sound." ]

[ 7 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "gipxlor", "giq4ads", "giq4ytr" ]

[ "I worked the service desk at a grocery store (US) and from what I remember it is due to fraud issue/trail of funds. Too many times people have asked for cash back for the refund and then had someone else come back to ask for the same refund cash again or on card, etc. So, unless requested or they didn't have a receipt (which means we put it on a store gift card to use as store credit) it goes back the same way it was paid." ]

[ 10 ]

[ [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "flu453a" ]

[ "My mom is a flight attendant for Delta. She used to fly exclusively international but because of this is exclusively domestic Recently, she told me they only had 19 people booked on a plane that holds 160. Planes need 80% capacity to pay for itself, so shes unsure if they’ll continue flying for long Total flights are way down, and they’re asking flight attendants to take unpaid furloughs during the next few months That said, people are still flying because: - Work (they’re essential or their work won’t let them have paid time off / will fire them) - Emergency (to see a sick family member, funerals, etc) - Idiots (some people will always be assholes)" ]

[ 3 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "eufixdq", "eufjw4l", "eufipdu" ]

[ "When you open a can of soda, you're using mechanical pressure to tear the metal of the lid along a pre-stressed seam. This works out best if the point of tearing moves along the seam, instead of trying to tear out the whole thing at once. The lids are manufactured to have a weaker point on the right side, so the tear will start there. & #x200B; As for why the right side instead of the left, it's arbitrary. At the same time, it's consistent, because it's cheaper if all the lid forming machines are the same, instead of having some which put the weak point on the left." ]

[ 6 ]

[ [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "fmqjv7v" ]

[ "Adrenaline makes everything work in overdrive. Muscles, metabolism, and even thoughts - at that point you're thinking more reflexively, and reflexes are very fast. People perceive time by how fast they are thinking, not by how fast other people are thinking. If you're thinking fast it seems normal to you (because you don't perceive that you're doing it) but everyone else will perceive it as fast because their thoughts are going slower." ]

[ 11 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "ee5pcm0" ]

[ "A fire needs three things: oxygen, fuel and an ignition source. Flour is a good fuel, and it can float in the air. This gives you plenty of fuel and plenty of available oxygen. When ignited, this makes the fire burn up the available fuel quickly and violently" ]

[ 4 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "f3wisyv", "f3wj6jv", "f3wkv99" ]

[ "A lot of water for sure. All the rest is trace amounts of ingredients that came from the process of making the scotch including stuff from the barley and from the barrels it was ripened in. Small amounts of chemicals can have a lot of flavour. Just look at how little chili it takes to make a dish really spicy. But most of it is really alcohol and water." ]

[ 9 ]

[ [], [ "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5174148/" ], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dgjsvsa" ]

[ "Most warriors throughout history have been male, and they put female attributes to their weaponry and vehicles because those things are their constant companion. So much so they are as close as a spouse. It applies to all kinds of weaponry as well. Fighter planes were often given female names, and during the American Civil War it was common for soldier to name their muskets (and rifles if they had them) the woman's name \"Bess\"." ]

[ 9 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "frz6e8g" ]

[ "The 3rd prong is for grounding the electronics. Typically the chassis or outer metal shell is connected with a direct wire to the ground, such that if any short were to happen between any wiring and the chassis, the current would flow through the ground and trip the breaker. It's a safety measure and was not common on old homes. Now I'm pretty sure it's a requirement on new homes in most states." ]

[ 7 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "fayjjgi" ]

[ "Tonality is a big contributing factor. Santana's guitar sounds much differently than, say Jimi Hendrix's guitar, or Green Day's, etc. Once you're familiar with an artist's tonal qualities implemented, it becomes very easy to tell the artist quickly. Many artists tend to avoid making songs that sound *too* similar to their other songs." ]

[ 13 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dg8rion" ]

[ "Short answer: Because of Math. Long answer: There are only 64 squares and 16 pieces on a Chess board. It has about 10^120 possible board arrangements. We don't run out of music for the same reason that we don't run out of chess matches. Consider that there's 12 unique pitches in a Western chromatic scale. Generally we use about 8 octaves of that, so we're at about 96 unique notes here. If you were to pick any two notes of those 96, there are somewhere in the vicinity of 4500 different combinations. A Melody is an arrangement of different pitches horizontally, and Harmonic structures(e.g. chords) are arrangements of different pitches vertically. Most music uses combinations of melodies and harmonies. If you have a 5 minute long piece, with only a melodic line, at a tempo where Quarter Note = 120, and an average rhythm of an eighth note, that gives you 4 notes per second. That's 240 notes per minute, or a total of 1200 notes. The number of ways that you could arrange a grouping of 96 items in a specific order, especially if they can repeat, over 1200 notes, is huge. That's just for the Melody... add in one chord every measure and you're at 150 chords on top of that. And then when you add in Rhythms... well for each beat there's about 18 different ways, excluding triplets, with a minimum duration of a sixteenth note, to divide the beat. Also then you're talking about instrumentation, volumes, lyrics, etc, etc, etc. A \"song\" is a combination of one or more melodies, chord progressions, and rhythms all together, played by instruments at one or more volumes, and sung over at times with lyrics. The amount of potential groupings of all of those is mind-blowing. Now, granted, many of these sorts of things there are trends common choices, but even within them, you're mixing and matching pretty massive sets of possible combinations. If you study music, you'll notice that there are lots of similarities in lots of songs(e.g. the number of songs with I-vi-IV-V progressions is sort of amazing). But enough can be and is often different that most people will probably not notice. This math gets even more insane with lyrics. With 96 unique notes there's insane numbers of combinations, and the OED has, like, 175,000 or so words in the english language. Again you'll see them arranged into sentences, and you're unlikely to write a song about Etruscans, but still... there's a lot of words and a lot of ways to combine them. Basically there's a lot of ways to combine musical elements, to the point where the math gets dumb and we can basically say that there's a functional infinity of ways to combine musical elements." ]

[ 22 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dc5cybg", "dc5czfw", "dc5czyk", "dc5cx6c" ]

[ "They stick things together. Try making mince meat burger patties without them and they just fall apart. Also the whites are great for lightening mixtures; just beat them up until they're a light foam and fold the result into a cake mix to make more much more air inside the cake. The extreme is meringue which is essentially egg whites and dissolved sugar baked hard." ]

[ 13 ]

[ [], [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "doe12z6" ]

[ "Saliva and mucus rushing out from your mouth and getting pushed to the back of your nose because your lungs are ejecting air out due to stimulation of your sinuses. It's kind of like when u puke and u get that gnarly taste from the puke but in nose form." ]

[ 8 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "g860k7s" ]

[ "Retrocausality- an event where the cause happens after the effect. There is nothing really physical that appears to be retrocausal, so there's not much there, outside of some time-independent experiments in quantum mechanics, but I can't explain those, they're still a bit above my pay grade. As far as philosophy, lots of promises of afterlifes are meant to be retrocausal, aka, the \"cause\" of your behavior now is because of the supposed end state of your soul in the afterlife. There's also the retrocausal Great Basilisk, that works in a similar way, but falls apart when more rigorous logic is applied." ]

[ 4 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "eiydx35", "eiye3qz", "eiyk3ab", "eiyfz7s" ]

[ "High humidity can cause temperatures to feel higher than they are, because humidity prevents effective heat transfer away from the body." ]

[ 34 ]

[ [], [], [], [ "https://www.accuweather.com/en/outdoor-articles/outdoor-living/the-accuweather-realfeel-tempe/55627" ] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "e8lqkvt", "e8lnqn5" ]

[ "It's not a capacity meter like your phone etc has. It's a voltage meter. When the voltage of a 1.5V cell gets down to about 1.2V it's pretty much exhausted and the increased internal resistance means it can't supply much current." ]

[ 3 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "euulmqq" ]

[ "The sun rises in East & set in West & travel over the equator If you know which way north you can use this information to determine if you are in northern hemisphere (Sun will be to the south) or southern hemisphere (Sun in north) If you use a sextant you can measure the exact angles of sun from horizons triangulate your exact position (within a few hundred square feet) on earth on a chart" ]

[ 7 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dtzd07o" ]

[ "er, with maths? record companies will have a deal with the broadcasters, in the UK through an organisation called PRS. The amount they pay depends on how many listeners they have. So if your radio show has a million listeners, let's say that's £100 per song; 500,000 listeners, £50 a song. Of course, in practice bigger players can cut better deals. Anyway, the broadcaster keeps a record of what they've played that they submit to the agency and they divvy it up to the record companies who pay up to the artists (if they're lucky, since this depends on the contract the artists has) Incidentally, this is why Spotify/streaming plays are so small. Spotify argue that they are like a radio station, so they would say the above formula holds, so 1 listen = £100/1,000,000 = very small number ALSO you have to pay PRS if you play music in your workplace if customers can hear it since that's \"broadcasting\". It's a fairly small amount per year, like £100. But that's why some shops play weird public domain covers albums so they can avoid paying it." ]

[ 4 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "e73h741" ]

[ "Sound requires a medium to travel through. Air in this case. At higher altitudes, air is a lot less dense so sound has to have more initial energy in order to travel as fast. I'm not sure fastest speeds, but air is around 343 m/s. There is a table online you can access in order to determine speed of sound in various mediums" ]

[ 3 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "ggjn8fd" ]

[ "they are the same people, US congress is composed of the same people on the board of companies." ]

[ 3 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "epzbed5" ]

[ "The phone do not get slower but is is the software that is updated and newer version in general have more feature and require higher performance/memory on the phone. New software and OS is designed to use You often add more and more software where som it it run in the background so the phone have more to do more. So use a some app to see what program is active in the background and uninstall them if you no longer use them or just disable them in the apps settings. This can have a hug effect as you free up both memory and cpu usage. Other reason is that your baseline of speed is different and you might compare to other faster phones. If the storage on the phone is full it might preformae slower so remove apps you do not use and put photos, videos etc on a computer and in the cloud. If you did a factory restore to the original software it would be as fast as when it was new but slow down when the software was updated. & #x200B; The thing that age in a phone is the battery and the capacity and max current drop over time. So it might be the case that the the phone cant run the CPU at as high frequency with a old battery especially if it is not fully charged. Apple have done it because som old phones they could shut down when the battery was at 40% but with the change the could use all power in the battery but at lower speed. It might be the case that some android phones does that do So old bad batteries might reduce the performance on a phone but I am not sure that any Android phone does that. It is the only change that would not fixed by a software." ]

[ 5 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dn8oksz", "dn9328j", "dn8oqyw" ]

[ "If you've played Skyrim, you know the asnwer to this is \"Not very well\". It's basically the same as any other game (or piece of software), though. You have as many people play as much of it as possible and try to create as many expected and unexpected conditions as possible. With open games the magnitude of Skyrim, though, you're never going to get them all." ]

[ 48 ]

[ [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "g3ji91f", "g3jm3md", "g3jipsf" ]

[ "A ping is how long it takes to send and receive data. The higher the number the longer it takes a piece of information to go from point a to b and back." ]

[ 18 ]

[ [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "gd70vwf", "gd879mp", "gd8j54u" ]

[ "You know how many people you send in. And you know how many people come back. As for the other side, an educated guess. And it helps that battles usually have a winner who have to deal with the dead left behind by the loser. But yeah, there can be a lot of guesswork and estimation involved." ]

[ 58 ]

[ [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dbz6aau", "dbyztz0", "dbz3lk7", "dbz1xxj", "dbz3g0r", "dbzfuox", "dbz8zcl", "dbz1uy1" ]

[ "Hey there, pharmacist here. The most general way to understand the skin, drug absorption, lotions, and so forth is to think about how oil and water don't (easily) mix. To cross the skin barrier from outside of your skin to the inside, generally any molecule has to cross an outer lipophilic layer (which likes fat), then through a hydrophilic layer (which likes water), and then through an inner lipophilic layer. Some transdermal (across the skin) delivery systems can even increase the permeability of the skin, making it easier for molecules to get across. To address your initial question with creams and lotions, remember oil and water. The goal is to increase hydration or rather, to avoid moisture loss. So lotions on a basic level restore water. And if you put something occlusive (a lipophilic barrier like a layer of Vaseline, creams which have oils and fats in them to do the same, a bandage, etc.), you basically trap water in your skin. This is why lotions and creams work better if you put them on when your skin is still damp from a shower or bath - you trap more moisture. Hope this helps!" ]

[ 59 ]

[ [], [], [], [ "https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absorption_(skin)" ], [], [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "fc5fu8e", "fc5fty3" ]

[ "Because most inbreeding is actually fine. Even if you get two carriers for a recessive genetic disease, there's only a 25% chance of the offspring actually *having* the disease, and only a 50% chance of them carrying it (ie still a 25% chance of them being completely unaffected). Also, species don't usually actually start with just 2 members. Speciation (the process that creates a new species) is a long one and it happens across many, many generations. There isn't just a point where suddenly the generation is a new species, there's a gradient, and it just so happens that the intermediary generations die out eventually. In species that *do* have a single common ancestor, such as humans, this occurs due to population issues, not as the actual origin of the species - ie, over time, other lineages either die our or merge into the dominant lineage. In humans, we have a single common ancestor, called Mitochondrial Eve - every single human on earth, at least to our current knowledge, is descended from this human, who lived around 150,000 years ago. This was significantly later than the speciation of humans, however - she would have been living alongside many other humans, including other women, she just happened to be unusually prolific. Contrast this with Y-chromosome Adam, our other single common ancestor, from whom all current male humans are descended - female humans aren't due to the lack of any Y chromosome at all. This man is thought to have lived anywhere between 120,000 and 156,000 years ago - not at the same time as mitochondrial eve. Ie, Mitochondrial Eve and Y-chromosome Adam were not a couple, and almost certainly never even met. It's also worth noting that both mitochondrial eve and y-chromosome adam can change over time as matriarchal and patriarchal lineages respectively die out." ]

[ 11 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "ebr7g59" ]

[ "They certainly can! One common method is to use precipitation. You mix in another chemical which binds to the substance that was dissolved." ]

[ 10 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "f0nxlnt", "f0olo5l" ]

[ "The \"cursing\" tics don't just cause cursing. They are described more broadly as \"vocal\" tics, which can be any word or sound. To be diagnosed with Tourette, you have to have both motor and vocal tics, but most people with the disorder don't curse. This is just the form of tic that you hear about most, because it's the most bizarre. Both motor and vocal tics originate in the brain, not the nerves. They're due to a failure of the brain's inhibitory systems. The person feels an overwhelming urge to perform the tic, feels a little temporary relief from doing it, but then feels impelled to do it again, or a different one. I think of it like needing to scratch an itch, swallow spit, clear your throat, sniffle, yawn, or maybe even blink. They are under somewhat voluntary control, but only for a brief time before you feel you really have to do them." ]

[ 10 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "g5qdaa7", "g5qd8d0", "g5qddkj" ]

[ "It was due to an overabundance of oxygen from having many more trees than we have now (trees that were also purple). [This old URL_1 article explains it very well]( URL_0 )" ]

[ 5 ]

[ [ "https://www.cracked.com/article_22604_dog-sized-scorpions-6-ways-earth-was-sci-fi-nightmare.html", "cracked.com" ], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "di54kbs", "di54zrk", "di56s8s", "di554sp" ]

[ "Honestly the rules for this sub is a pain in the ass for questions like this. This can be answered easily, but the rules says I have to have a shit ton of words to comment. But the reason is simply, it's for the show. It's an act to entertain the audience" ]

[ 13 ]

[ [], [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dkw2hjc" ]

[ "Medications don't 'create specific thoughts', they influence the balance of neurotransmitters in your brain. The mood you feel is a product of the specific and relative balance of these mood-determining chemicals. As usual, both too much *and* too little of something lead to what we consider negative effects. Consider serotonin; it is one of the neurotransmitters that regulate 'happiness'. I say happiness, but it's more like 'activity'. Low levels of serotonin are associated with low mood, lethargy, and depression. It's not that a drug that lowers your serotonin level implants the 'suicide' thought, it's that the suicide thought is a common reaction to feeling depressed in the way that stubbing your toe on a table is associated with saying 'ow'. The table doesn't put the word ow into your mouth. Antidepressants like SSRIs often inhibit the breakdown of serotonin in the brain to try to keep the levels above where you get depressed. Too much of it, though, is associated with anxiety and a kind of cellular hyperactivity which can be harmful and even lethal at very high levels, so it's not like we can just take drugs to super-boost our serotonin levels. And serotonin isnt just a standalone mood lever from 'low' to 'high', it's one of a network of interracting chemicals, the total product of which is our mood and thereby our thoughts associated with particular emotions or states. A drug that down-regulates one could up-regulate another, so it's often a balancing act. Fun fact: most of the body's serotonin is actually found in the intestinal tract where it helps regulate the pumping action of the guts moving waste. High levels of serotonin in the gut lead to diarrhea. This may be why some people have bowel issues when they get stressed - serotonin gives you both anxiety and the runs when it's high. Tl;dr: brain drugs are a complex network that control our moods, and certain combinations lead to depressed moods to which suicidal thoughts come more readily, but they don't create specifically suicidal thoughts. Also, poop. Source: I poop when I'm stressed. Also, an education in biochemistry or whatever." ]

[ 4 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "gl2y8ut", "gl2xdwu", "gl2w14y", "gl2yzfb", "gl2xgn1", "gl317nf", "gl2wgxx", "gl6qbs7" ]

[ "[Sturgeons law]( URL_0 ) 90% of medical software is bad because 90% of software is bad source: I'm a software dev" ]

[ 16 ]

[ [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sturgeon%27s_law" ], [], [], [], [], [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "epvm4g7" ]

[ "To understand that, you need to know that there is more than temperature of an item that determines how hot/cold it feels. It is mostly about how quickly heat enters or leaves your body, which is dependent on a property called thermal conduction. Something very conductive, like metal or stone, will feel much colder on a cool morning than something that is more of an insulator, like carpet, even though they are exactly the same temperature when you walk across them in the morning. So, to answer your question, the way to make something feel cooler would be to make it out of more thermally conductive materials, spread your heat over a bigger area, which will more efficiently transfer your body heat out f your body to the room making you feel cooler." ]

[ 7 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "ebh64kh", "ebh4v78" ]

[ "One reason- When you are chatting in a car with someone physically there, the passenger sees what's going on around you and pauses the conversation as needed if they see that you are in a situation that merits higher concentration. For example, when merging onto a highway, the passenger knows that you as the driver may need to focus on what you're doing and may pause the conversation until they feel that you're ready to resume. There is no opportunity to do this if you are speaking to someone over the phone." ]

[ 5 ]

[ [], [ "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PkBa5oHXgsE" ] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dv89j6k", "dv8buhd" ]

[ "Because humans are social animals, our survival in ancient times depended on the well being of our tribe and even today most humans could not survive alone. Empathy for our fellow humans in on our instincts, to a certain extend (and it’s also much more complicated in modern social systems). But that’s the basic reason why most of us dislike seeing other people suffer." ]

[ 17 ]

[ [], [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirror_neuron" ] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "g5vbmqc", "g5vbmwx" ]

[ "When you're intubated, the airway tools can hit your gag reflex and you can vomit. With the paralysers in your larynx, the mechanisms to stop things going in your airway aren't working properly, so that vomit can go into your lungs. You can't suction lungs properly, so the patient can end up with pneumonia and other serious lung infections." ]

[ 39 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "fysbojg", "fysd8yc", "fysk4du" ]

[ "Because words are cheap and it doesn't require any discipline or focus to talk, but it does to carry through on actions." ]

[ 8 ]

[ [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "e1tr0si" ]

[ "> If there is one point of light it seems like it would need to generate energy or something to be able to make a sphere of light waves around it. Light **is** energy. It's always produced by something else releasing energy. So you can't have \"a point of light\". Instead, you have \"a small object that's radiating light in all directions.\"" ]

[ 4 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "evyqllf", "evyrgf7" ]

[ "When using a battery, bits of one end dissolve and travel to the other end (or in most household batteries, from the inside to the outside). Recharging forces them back using an electric current, but they’ll never go back as cleanly as they first started. Over time the electrodes continue to deteriorate, and the battery becomes less effective. If something goes wrong (e.g. you try to recharge a non-rechargeable battery, or the control for a lithium battery breaks) it’s possible for the material being deposited to form a thin connection to the other side. This shorts out the battery, creating a lot of heat, and probably causing it to explode." ]

[ 30 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "ebquiqx", "ebqxfsf" ]

[ "There is actually no proven cause behind the nuisance that is the side stitch. There are many theories however. One being that it's caused from diaphragm irritation (breathing hard) or from the sudden increase in blood flow through organs (heart working harder during aerobic activities)." ]

[ 5 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "ewn2dh1" ]

[ "You can infer where it is based on context. The first beat of the bar is usually where the most significant chord changes occur. It’s also accentuated by the bass notes and/or the bass drum. It’s also signposted, like you say, with accents on 2 and 4, in pop music usually by the snare. For arguments sake we’ll keep it in 4/4. Then there’s also voice leading in several different parts that usually occurs on or after the final beat of the previous bar. It becomes so intuitive it’s just second nature. Been a musician for 29 years. I actually had to think about this one, because usually I don’t have to think about it." ]

[ 15 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "fdnihep", "fdni9zc" ]

[ "Typically not fists, but fully mindless body weight flinging is what's expected. Also, pushing people with all your arm strength, but without leverage, so mostly you're just jostling yourself around. And if anyone falls, you pick them up immediately. That's what I've seen and enjoyed mostly. Full on brawls occur at minority cult gatherings, rather than the average slayer show. That's what I've learned through personal experience anyway" ]

[ 6 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "eb96ra0" ]

[ "Evolutionary reasoning: animals that are ready to switch rapidly from happy to angry will survive better when threats approach than animals that switch rapidly from angry to happy. There was more selective pressure for vigilance than for turning vigilance off quickly." ]

[ 7 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "ertyt84", "ertx3ot", "ertxfxk", "erumb4l", "eru1evk", "erun3ab", "eruxoqd", "eruk34l" ]

[ "When the light enters the goggles, it's converted to electricity, then boosted electrically, then the light hits a phosphor screen (like the screen part of old school CRT displays) and converted again to light. There's no way to preserve the color, so it's effectively a black and white image, but it's converted to Green because our eyes see better contrast that way." ]

[ 7266 ]

[ [], [], [], [ "https://www.stripes.com/news/us/new-full-color-night-vision-could-revolutionize-troops-ability-to-operate-in-dark-1.564782" ], [], [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dk9bvy8", "dk9hrie", "dk9bxpb" ]

[ "Tear off some toilet paper and drape it over the sensor. If you know you're gonna drop a deuce, get some wet paper towel first and use that to drape over the sensor. I've been doing this for years adverting the awkward mist-splash." ]

[ 7 ]

[ [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "gn880gi" ]

[ "There have been studies and none could show a statistically significant effect. If one exists it's very weak. But since we don't even have a theory why it should have some effect it's most likely a myth." ]

[ 6 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "ddyj0la" ]

[ "First, the set is cleared of everyone but essential personnel. These people behave professionally and can be trusted to be both respectful and discreet. The actors remain robed until the scene needs to be performed. Finally the actors wear modesty garments which cover their genitals. These are compact but cover the important parts. It is also important to note that A-list actors tend to be attractive people so performing the scene isn't the worst thing in the world for either of them, even if they aren't romantically interested in each other." ]

[ 5 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "eyssmbl" ]

[ "It triggers the fight or flight mechanism for some reason. All negative things do this, wether it's something legit threatening or some other odd trigger. That said, not every ones chest will hurt, but some sort of heart flutter will occur. As for why why body reacts the same way to being mugged when you experience rejection is beyond me." ]

[ 4 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "f9er5v8", "f9eqn1k" ]

[ "\\[Making up numbers, but the concept is correct.\\] A restaurant (or other partner) sells Costco a $100 face value gift card for $75. Costco resells it for $80. The restaurant has received $75 (actually, somewhat less than that because of fees and intermediaries taking their cut). If anyone actually uses the gift card, the restaurant will sell up to $100 worth of food and drink, hugely high-margin items (30%-50% or more), meaning the restaurant has paid only $50-$70 (or less) for the food and drinks consumed. So even now, everyone's at least a bit in the black. And if the gift card recipient orders $150 worth of food and drink, that last $50 is all at the high margin. And if they never use the card (it happens) or use only some of it, the restaurant comes out even further ahead." ]

[ 12 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "f37cb2m", "f379g6w", "f37cem1", "f377dpv" ]

[ "It isn't really stored, you make new mucus all the time at a rate of about 1 liter a day, though not all of this 1 liter is in your nose (33.8 oz for our American friends). There's mucosal glands all over your respiratory tract. These glands make a protein called \"Mucin\". This protein mixes with water (such as the tears that are drained from the corner of your eyes) to form a viscous liquid known as mucus (or snot). When everything works well this snot slowly drains into the back of your mouth where you swallow it, but if you're sick then you start building an excess of mucus in your nose so it runs out the bottom. This could have various reasons: Maybe you're making more mucus than normal, maybe the snot that you're making is more viscous than it should be so the tiny hairs that direct the snot to the back of your mouth can't do their job, or maybe these tiny hairs just aren't working well. Whatever the reason may be, the result is that the mucus that's in your nose is now going to run out the bottom instead of drain to the back of your mouth like it should." ]

[ 182 ]

[ [], [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "fgi8c32" ]

[ "Sadness triggers stress, which causes the body to release hormones such as cortisol. These hormones stimulate neurotransmitters in the brain that cause physical reactions such as crying, headaches, and runny noses." ]

[ 11 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "gk84oip", "gk86bg3" ]

[ "So, to understand multi-viscosity oil (two numbers) you have to realize that the first number is how thin the oil is when cold, the 2nd number is when it's hot. When your engine is hot, it needs to be lubricated or things break. When cold, if the oil is thick, it's hard to get things moving. That being said, the weight of the oil depends on the size and performance of the engine. A small engine (like 2 liter) doesn't need 10w40 because it's small and not generating as much heat and friction. A large engine (5 liter) probably runs 10w40 because it will generate much more heat and friction. So it needs better lubrication. I have an old 5.3L car that I run 20w50 in. It's very thick oil. But it's a big old engine, so I want the extra protection." ]

[ 4 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "ehby6r4" ]

[ "Actual five year old explanation: Windows is broken up into lots and lots of small play blocks that are sometimes stacked on top of eachother. Moving a bottom block, which is usually the most important because of its support to the tower, would cause it to fall over. Instead, a new block is pushed in to its place while the old block is taken out, fixed, then put back in. & #x200B; ELI5 typical manlet understanding of computers level: All of these comments have been hooplah, and stand no actual basis to how the patching process in Windows ACTUALLY works. To begin, Windows first has to move sections of System32 to a backup partition on disk called \"System Reserved.\" It does this to then apply a delta change between the old file and the new file. Several hash calculations are then done to cross-check the patch was successfully applied and that no malware is in the way manipulating the patch process. It then has to replace these files after taking down a lot of the system components, like the Capcom and WinAPI. Once all of these are unloaded, it can then replace the files, then put then stand them back up, then the actual reboot process is put into place. Sometimes critical sections of the kernel have to replaced, and this requires a bootscript. That's why sometimes the machine has to reboot several times. The reason yours is taking so long, is usually due to your NTFS journal being corrupted/useless and Windows has to reconstruct it." ]

[ 8 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "g2tqdsb" ]

[ "They are called phosphenes. Phosphenes can be directly induced by mechanical, electrical, or magnetic stimulation of the retina or visual cortex, or by random firing of cells in the visual system. URL_0" ]

[ 15 ]

[ [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphene" ] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "ed4v1wy", "ed4wksz" ]

[ "They were originally going to be something else, a sort of alien-type pokemon. But when the artists started sketching them, people thought they kinda looked like letters. So they went with that instead of the original plan. edit: oh and they spell out words in the native language of the player's game, but they spell it out using latin characters. URL_0 Like this" ]

[ 18 ]

[ [ "https://bulbapedia.bulbagarden.net/wiki/Unown_(Pok%C3%A9mon)#Other" ], [ "google.co.jp" ] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "e92kxmx" ]

[ "Until recently youtube imposed a cap on how many views, likes, and dislikes it would display a video having for the first 24 hours. The reason that youtube would do this is that people and companies frequently manipulate their video stats with bots. It can take youtube up to a day to analyze the views that a video is getting and remove the bots, so rather than showing an \"accurate\" initial view count youtube would just say \"ya this is a popular video.\" Youtube has improved their bot detection time and its increasingly rare that bot manipulation can result in large shifts on a video's stats, so youtube just displays a running figure for views/likes/dislikes now. But that doesn't mean that the first 24 hour's view/likes/dislieks are accurate or that people don't still use bots to manipulate video statistics. Believe it or not people on the internet are petty, and hardcore pc gaming enthusiasts tend to be technically savvy. The reaction to the new Diablo game was rabid, and people used bots to flood the video with dislikes, which were removed after a few hours. The video is still 96% disliked with over 355k dislikes and only 15k likes, so its not like removing the dislikes actually did anything to improve the video's standing. If Blizzard was actually paying for those dislikes to be removed, or otherwise manipulating the video's statistics they would have done much better than that." ]

[ 17 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "djdwq1k", "djdrqsp" ]

[ "As previous commenters noted, they are looking for anything that sends out a radio signal. In addition, many electronic devices accidentally emit a small amount of radio noise as they operate, and this can be searched for. In addition, some electronics *respond* to the presence of a strong radio signal by resonating and then emitting a signal back. That can be tried too." ]

[ 3 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dgq68jr", "dgq71pq", "dgq9jb2", "dgq8ccy", "dgq9p6n" ]

[ "2 ways: - You digitally analyze the frame to figure out the least blurry lens configuration. Least blurry means sharpest color transitions between neighboring pixels. Only works in certain types of digital cameras. - You measure the distance between the camera and the target, and figure out an appropriate lens configuration. Little IR sensors can be used to measure the distance." ]

[ 131 ]

[ [], [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autofocus#Phase_detections" ], [ "http://blog.epicedits.com/wp-content/uploads/manual-focus-indicator-1500.jpg", "https://www.lensrentals.com/blog/2010/07/how-autofocus-often-works/" ], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "ftr57bw", "ftr58dz", "ftrfbmf" ]

[ "Good question. We can’t really know what bees are thinking, but they will attempt to get the stinger out if they’re still conscious. They’ll spin around trying to get it out. They can also sting multiple times attacking other insects. I think they don’t have a plan for it getting stuck in tough(relatively) hide. It’s when they sting and try hard to fly away that they end up splitting physically from their body. Think that one scene in ghost in the Shell 1995 when the major tries to pull off the hood of a tachikoma unit." ]

[ 9 ]

[ [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "h2y9bh2" ]

[ "Is your confusion about conservatorship in general, or specifically Britney’s situation?" ]

[ 3 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "ganuqa1" ]

[ "One part of the explanation is the “eating ass” has become a meme, or at least an expression commonly used both pejoratively and as a brag/compliment by genZ and the tail end of Millennials. So that probably broke the taboo to some extent. Now is it actually being done more now? Remains to be seen..." ]

[ 5 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "ef29kwp" ]

[ "Trader Alice thinks that MegaCorp stock price is going to go up sometime in the next few days. Trader Bob thinks that MegaCorp stock price is going to go down. & #x200B; Alice and Bob sign an options contract. The contract will expire after 4 days. At any time during that 4 day period, Alice has the option to BUY 20 shares of MegaCorp stock from Bob at the current price of $100. Conversely, Bob will have the option to SELL 20 shares of MegaCorp stock to Alice at the current price of $100. & #x200B; The next day, MegaCorp's stock takes a nosedive, and is now trading at $75. Bob decides to execute his options contract. Now Bob can buy 20 shares on the open market for $75 apiece, but he can immediately sell them to Alice for $100, making a quick $500 profit for Bob. Alice is not happy, but Bob is thrilled." ]

[ 6 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dge86yp" ]

[ "Do you mean the flashing lights? The siren is the noise maker. Red has long been the color signifying \"emergency\" or \"danger.\" Blue is high visibility and not used for anything else, and is believed to carry a psychological implication of \"authority.\" Off-white is the natural color of bright light bulbs." ]

[ 7 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "gvy7yq6" ]

[ "There's [different kinds of plastics]( URL_0 ), like low- and high-density polyethylene, as well as polypropylene. Each type has different properties, like stiffness / stretchability which influences the noise (or lack thereof)." ]

[ 13 ]

[ [ "https://www.spg-pack.com/blog/en/5-differences-between-polypropylene-and-polyethylene-food-packaging/" ] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "ejswi4g" ]

[ "MP3s are compressed lossy files. This means that when the files are generated from the original, there is a setting in the algorithm that allows one to set the 'quality' or size of the resulting file. The files don't contain the original data, but details of what the original data was. Wikipedia does a good job describing MP3 files: URL_0" ]

[ 3 ]

[ [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MP3" ] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "f6idtzu", "f6ibuc1" ]

[ "The theory is that the brain is a pattern recognition organ that seeks “familiar surprises“. This oxymoron surmised that our brains are pattern-recognition based prediction machines, and comfortable around things we’re familiar with. Hence the genre of music, food we like, etc are baked in as our brains develop. This was also a survival mechanism anything unfamiliar was *ipso facto* unsafe, hence our comfort around familiar food, people, places, etc. Music is a special sensation since it offers minor variations around brain predictions with a rhythm. So a mix of repetition and variation the brain rewards itself with shots of dopamine. It’s the same sensation when you solve a problem, get a joke, read poetry, etc. Read “The Telltale Brain “ by VS Ramachandran & #x200B; edit: grammar & formatting" ]

[ 43 ]

[ [], [ "https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/your-musical-self/201101/why-listening-music-makes-us-feel-good" ] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dccgzx4" ]

[ "Take y=2^x, the gradient along this line is always less than 2^x at the point x. Take y=3^x, the gradient along this line is always greater than 3^x at the point x. This implies there is a number between these two where the gradient of this line is always equal to that number to the power x at the point x. This line is called 'the exponential' and the value is quantified as e. At this point it is worth mentioning that logarithms can be taken with base 'e', this is called the natural logarithm or ln, or log*_e_*. Assuming you have covered basic calculus you will understand that if y=x*'n'* then dy/dx=n.x*'n-1'*. This is a very useful formula, and can be used for the basics of integration. If dy/dx=x*'n'* then y=(1/(n+1)).x*'n+1'* + c(integrating constant). This is also very useful, however you may have wondered what's the integral of x*'-1'*. By our formula it would be 1 divided by the sum of n(-1 in our case) plus one. Dividing by zero is undefined and hence we need a different tool to define this. This is where e and ln become useful. If y=lnf(x) then dy/dx=f'(x)/f(x) since x*'-1'* is the same as 1/x you can see that as 1 is the differential of x therefore the integral of x*'-1'* is ln(x). As ln is useful in integration e is useful in differentiation. From our definition of e^x=gradient of e^x which in a more meaningful form can show: y=e*'f(x)'* dy/dx=f'(x).e*'f(x)'* Compare this to: y=2*'x'* (to find the differential take log base e both sides) ln(y)=ln2*'x'* (ln2^x is the same as xln2 differentiate) 1/y dy/dx = ln2 dy/dx = y.ln2 dy/dx = 2*'x'*ln2 You see how much simpler e makes a simple equation, this is but one of it's aweosme properties. Power series of e*'x'*: e*'x'* = 1 + x + x*'2'*/2! +x*'3'*/3! +...+ x*'n'*/n! (Differentiates to itself!) It is also useful for explaining complex numbers by combining sin and cos power series to show a famous formula: e*'i*pi'* +1 = 0 or half a circle (pi radians) of the unit circle (radius 1 centre (0,0) plus one gets you back to zero. EDIT: If you see a number with 'number' around it imagine it as to the power of, I messed up the formatting and won't change it now." ]

[ 3 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "ep280oj" ]

[ "It moves when you POUR because: imagine what you're pouring is marbles--or anything that you can imagine as being a whole bunch of stuff that's heavy and in motion. Water is a bunch of stuff that's heavy and in motion, you just don't think of it that way. So think of it as marbles. When you put the marbles in the cup, did they fall 100% straight down and hit the bottom of the cup and pile up right on top of each other? If yes, congratulations. The cup did not move at all. If you poured the water that way, the cup didn't move then either. But what if the marbles were being thrown into the cup, slightly from one side maybe? Like perhaps the bucket you were pouring them from had a lip, which directed them so that the first few marbles didn't go straight down. Instead maybe they hit the side of the cup. Maybe they whacked into it pretty hard. And there the cup is, on a slippery surface-- those marbles managed to push it a little bit. And then the cup slid, because the surface under it wasn't holding it in place. The slide took up the energy that otherwise might have tipped the cup over. If you pour water that way-- like, out of a pitcher, then it might slosh against the side of the cup and do the exact same thing to it. It moves because something hit it from inside. It slides rather than tipping bc it can." ]

[ 9 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dic4crx" ]

[ "Typically they use the information you give them on your family and compare it to the public records they have available to them (e.g. birth certificates, death certificates, census records, military records) and follow that as far as they can." ]

[ 6 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]