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[ "Michael Clarke Duncan" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The Green Mile is a 1999 American fantasy crime drama film directed by Frank Darabont and adapted from the 1996 Stephen King novel of the same name. For his last request on the night before his execution, John watches the film Top Hat. When John is put in the electric chair, he, shedding tears, asks Paul not to put the traditional black hood over his head because he is afraid of the dark. Paul agrees, shakes his hand as a goodbye, and John is executed.", "Duncan was born in Chicago, Illinois, and grew up in a single-parent household with his sister, Judy, and mother, Jean Duncan (a house cleaner), after his father left. He always wanted to act, but had to drop out of the Communications program at Alcorn State University to support his family when his mother became ill. In 2005, Duncan appeared in two prominent action films, The Island (his second Michael Bay Film) and Sin City (again alongside Bruce Willis) where he played Manute, a powerful mobster.", "Michael Clarke Duncan (December 10, 1957 – September 3, 2012) was an American actor, best known for his breakout role as John Coffey in The Green Mile, for which he was nominated for an Academy Award and a Golden Globe. In 2005, Duncan appeared in two prominent action films, The Island (his second Michael Bay Film) and Sin City (again alongside Bruce Willis) where he played Manute, a powerful mobster.", "In 2013, Manigault appeared in the cast of The All-Star Celebrity Apprentice and played in Duncan's honor for his favorite charity and one he had benefited from himself, the Sue Duncan Children's Center. In 2005, Duncan appeared in two prominent action films, The Island (his second Michael Bay Film) and Sin City (again alongside Bruce Willis) where he played Manute, a powerful mobster.", "Edit. The film flips the action of the first two installments of the novel. The first book, The Two Dead Girls, begins with John Coffey arriving on the Mile, but at this point Arlen Bitterbuck has already been executed and Eduard Delacroix already has his mouse. The second book goes back to before John's arrival and tells of Bitterbuck's fate and the origins of the mouse. See more ». ", "$136.8 million (USA). The Green Mile is a 1999 film, directed by Frank Darabont, based on the Stephen King novel The Green Mile. The film stars Tom Hanks as Paul Edgecomb and Michael Clarke Duncan as John Coffey. The movie is primarily about Paul Edgecomb and his life as a prison guard on the death row in the 1930s. 1 MovieGlimpse.com / Green Mile (shows parallels with Jesus Christ & John Coffey). 2 HollywoodJesus / Green Mile (this website offers a commentary by Frank Darabont (Director and Screenwriter of 'The Green Mile') on the Christ parallels within the book/film).", "The film is told in a flashback format and stars Tom Hanks as Paul Edgecomb and Michael Clarke Duncan as John Coffey with supporting roles by David Morse, Bonnie Hunt, and James Cromwell. The film also features Dabbs Greer, in his final film, as the old Paul Edgecomb. For his last request on the night before his execution, John watches the film Top Hat. When John is put in the electric chair, he, shedding tears, asks Paul not to put the traditional black hood over his head because he is afraid of the dark. Paul agrees, shakes his hand as a goodbye, and John is executed.", "Actor | Soundtrack | Producer. Michael Clarke Duncan was born on December 10, 1957 in Chicago, Illinois. Raised by his single mother, Jean, a house cleaner, on Chicago's South Side, Duncan grew up resisting drugs and alcohol, instead concentrating on school. [on The Green Mile (1999)] I think the toughest scene for me to film was the two dead girls, simply because I had a lot of crying to do, a lot of howling to do, and it really drained me.", "After having begun his career with several bit parts playing bouncers in films such as Bulworth and A Night at the Roxbury, Duncan first came to prominence when he was cast as Bear in the blockbuster Michael Bay action film Armageddon (1998). In 2005, Duncan appeared in two prominent action films, The Island (his second Michael Bay Film) and Sin City (again alongside Bruce Willis) where he played Manute, a powerful mobster." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Green_Mile_(film)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Clarke_Duncan", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Clarke_Duncan", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Clarke_Duncan", "http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0120689/", "http://movies.wikia.com/wiki/The_Green_Mile", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Green_Mile_(film)", "http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0003817/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Clarke_Duncan" ] }

[]

[ "It is widely regarded as the reason for the development of functional gastrointestinal diseases, including functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Abstract. Visceral hypersensitivity is now recognised as a major pathophysiological mechanism in functional gastrointestinal disorders of the upper gastrointestinal tract. In patients with non-cardiac chest pain and functional dyspepsia, a high prevalence of visceral hypersensitivity has been indeed observed.", "Visceral hypersensitivity is currently the holy grail....it is widely regarded as the reason for the development of functional gastrointestinal diseases, including functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome.", "Some people are troubled by such a problem called visceral hypersensitivity. The phenomenon of hypersensitivity involves the nervous system. At some point, the irritation to a particular organ system like the skin or the gut leads to the sensitization of the nervous system, the alarm system.", "In the case of visceral hypersensitivity, everything from digestion to urination can become painful. Thus, many conditions are linked to visceral hypersensitivity like: noncardiac chest pain, nonulcer stomach pain, irritable bowel syndrome, and severe menstrual cramps. 1 All of these conditions are really just a form of visceral hypersensitivity.", "Once the diagnosis of visceral hypersensitivity is made, the treatment can be tricky. At first, medications used to prevent overstimulation can be used like proton pump inhibitors that reduce stomach acid production or spasmolytics that reduce gut motility.", "Although visceral hypersensitivity has been widely demonstrated, its relevance to symptoms and disease is still debatable. However, accumulating data suggest that visceral hypersensitivity is critical to the pathophysiology and symptom generation of functional bowel disorders.", "Visceral hypersensitivity as a pathophysiological feature of irritable bowel syndrome. Whilst a considerable number of hypotheses have been proposed to explain the origin of pain in IBS, no single factor has achieved primacy in the literature, probably due to the significant heterogeneity of this disorder.", "It’s called visceral hypersensitivity or visceral hypersensitivity syndrome, and it’s part of something called “functional gastrointestinal disorders.”. Whew! I try to keep things readable around here, but it looks like I’ll be slinging around some tough terms in this one." ], "url": [ "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1590865804000829", "http://gut.bmj.com/content/48/1/125.extract", "http://www.healthcentral.com/chronic-pain/c/240381/154551/abdominal/", "http://www.healthcentral.com/chronic-pain/c/240381/154551/abdominal/", "http://www.healthcentral.com/chronic-pain/c/240381/154551/abdominal/", "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2003.01447.x/full", "http://bjp.sagepub.com/content/early/2013/03/19/2049463713479229.full", "http://solvingtheibspuzzle.com/visceral-hypersensitivity-syndrome/" ] }

[]

[ "Eat fruits, vegetables, wheat bran and oat bran." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Overview. An anal fissure is a small cut or tear in the skin lining the anus. Childbirth, straining during bowel movements, or bouts of constipation or diarrhea can all tear the anal lining. Anal fissures are usually not a cause for concern and most heal without any medical treatment.", "Get Plenty of Fiber. If you're constipated, passing large, hard, or dry stools can cause an anal fissure. Getting plenty of fiber in your diet -- especially from fruits and vegetables -- can help prevent constipation, though. Get 20 to 35 grams of fiber per day. Foods that are good sources include: 1 Wheat bran. 2 Oat bran.", "If your anus is dry or you have a chronic fissure, it's best to apply coconut oil to the area throughout the day and before you go to bed. 3. Take a warm or hot bath at least once a day. Immersing your body in warm or hot water can help relax your internal anal sphincter, which will allow better blood flow to the area.", "An anal fissure is a cut or tear occurring in the anus (the opening through which stool passes out of the body) that extends upwards into the anal canal. Fissures are a common condition of the anus and anal canal and are responsible for 6% to 15% of the visits to a colon and rectal (colorectal) surgeon.", "An anal fissure is a tear of any size in the anus. If you've ever noticed a spot or two of bright red blood on your toilet tissue after having an uncomfortable bowel movement, you have likely experienced an anal fissure. An anal fissure can lead to burning, stinging, or sharp pain during bowel movements." ], "url": [ "http://www.healthline.com/health/anal-fissure", "http://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/anal-fissures-prevention", "http://drbenkim.com/anal-fissure-heal.htm", "http://www.medicinenet.com/anal_fissure/article.htm", "http://drbenkim.com/anal-fissure-heal.htm" ] }

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[ "John Joseph Hall (born July 23, 1948) is an American musician and liberal environmental activist, and was the U.S. Representative for New York's 19th congressional district, serving from 2007 to 2011." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "1 John Hall (Maryland) (1729–1797), Maryland politician, delegate to the Continental Congress. 2 John Hall (judge) (1767–1833), North Carolina Supreme Court judge. 3 John W. Hall (1817–1892), 44th Governor of Delaware. ", "Synopsis. John Hall was born August 1934, in Denver, Colorado. Hall's research with Theodor W. Haensch hänsch on measuring optical frequencies led to the pair (sharing also With Roy) glauber the 2005 Nobel prize For. physics Early Years. John L. Hall was born on August 21, 1934, in Denver, Colorado, to an electrical engineer father and elementary school teacher mother. As a youth, when he wasn’t delving into the hard sciences, he participated in scouting and his church’s youth group.", "John J. Hall is your solution for more time, more money and a better lifestyle. John J. Hall, CPA, is an author, speaker and results expert who presents around the world at conventions, corporate meetings and association events.", "John Hall, Whisky Maker. They say if you find a job you love, you will never work a day in your life. This blessing has graced John Hall, founder of Forty Creek Distillery and creator of Forty Creek Whisky. With over 40 years in the beverage alcohol industry, John finds every moment an exciting taste adventure.", "Mini Bio (1). Handsome, athletic leading man Jon Hall was the son of actor Felix Locher and a Tahitian princess. Hall was married three times, two of which were to entertainers: singer Frances Langford and actress Raquel Torres. His third wife was a psychiatrist. ", "(Redirected from John Hall (U.S. politician)). For other politicians named John Hall, see John Hall (disambiguation) . John Joseph Hall (born July 23, 1948) is an American musician and liberal environmental activist, and was the U.S. Representative for New York's 19th congressional district, serving from 2007 to 2011. Although his musical career was on hold during his time in office, Hall performed at the concert honoring the 90th birthday of Pete Seeger, supporting the Hudson River Sloop Clearwater at Madison Square Garden in New York City on May 3, 2009.", "Then followed two John Hall Band albums, and the AOR and MTV hit Crazy (Keep On Falling). After Wells Kelly's death in 1984, John reunited with Larry and Lance Hoppen and they were recruited by Tony Brown of MCA Nashville to record there. The result was 1986's Grownup Children .. ", "Mini Bio (1). Anthony Michael Hall was born in Boston, Massachusetts. He is the son of Mercedes Hall, an actress-blues and jazz singer, and Larry Hall, who owned an auto body shop. His stepfather is a show-business manager. His sister, Mary Christian, is also a performer. He has Irish and Italian ancestry. 6' 2 (1.88 m). Anthony Michael Hall was born in Boston, Massachusetts. He is the son of Mercedes Hall, an actress-blues and jazz singer, and Larry Hall, who owned an auto body shop.", "At the dawn of the 1980s, he formed the John Hall Band, which consisted of Hall, keyboardist and vocalist Bob Leinbach, bassist and vocalist John Troy, and drummer Eric Parker. The John Hall Band released two albums on the EMI America label with high AOR and MTV visibility but limited Top 40 success. Although his musical career was on hold during his time in office, Hall performed at the concert honoring the 90th birthday of Pete Seeger, supporting the Hudson River Sloop Clearwater at Madison Square Garden in New York City on May 3, 2009." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Hall", "http://www.biography.com/people/john-hall-16633952", "http://johnhallspeaker.com/", "http://www.fortycreekwhisky.com/john_hall_Wky_Maker.html", "http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0355755/bio", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Hall_(U.S._politician)", "http://johnhallmusic.com/john_hall_biography.html", "http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0001309/bio", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Hall_(U.S._politician)" ] }

[]

[ "At least a bachelor's degree" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "You can find both master's and bachelor's programs that offer a major in behavior analysis. You can also find behavior analysis as a concentration within a degree program in education, psychology or social work. As a behavior analyst, you use scientific techniques and principles of learning to help children and adults better acclimate to social situations at home, in their communities and at school or work.", "Behavioral consultants typically complete graduate programs specializing in psychology, behavior analysis, human development, special education or other related fields of study. The curriculum focuses on concepts such as behavior analysis, behavior intervention programs and how to alter behaviors in others. As part of the master's degree program, students also complete a clinical internship to practice measuring behaviors, interpreting data and conducting behavioral interventions. Candidates with a bachelor's degree may find entry-level work, but the majority of positions require candidates to have a minimum of a master's degree. Doctoral degrees are even more preferable and are required for any behavioral consultants working in private practice.", "A licensed behavior analyst is a type of mental health professional in the United States. They have at least a master's degree, and sometimes a doctorate, in behavior analysis or a related field. Behavior analysts apply behaviorism to people by performing applied behavior analysis. ", "In some cases, behavioral consultants can find work as an assistant applied behavior analyst with just a bachelor's degree, provided that they have met specific training requirements in behavior analysis. Behavioral consultants are specialists in applied behavior analysis who provide support, education and training to people with mental retardation or developmental disabilities, also referred to as MR/DD.", "The first step to becoming a behavioral consultant is earning a bachelor's degree. While some may be able to find assistant behavioral consultant work with only a bachelor's degree, the primary purpose of the degree is fulfilling the prerequisite requirements to get into a graduate program. Candidates with a bachelor's degree may find entry-level work, but the majority of positions require candidates to have a minimum of a master's degree. Doctoral degrees are even more preferable and are required for any behavioral consultants working in private practice.", "Answers. Best Answer: You will need at least a bachelor's degree in behavior analysis. I am located in the United States and checked the requirements for employment by my state as a behavior analyst. They require a master's degree. ", "Some behavior analysts may choose to complete undergraduate programs in a related field, such as psychology or education, before earning a master's degree in behavior analysis. Specific education requirements may vary by employer. Certification. Employers may require that behavior analysts be certified or eligible for certification. The Behavior Analyst Certification Board (BACB) offers two kinds of certification for behavior analysts-Board Certified Assistant Behavior Analyst (BCaBA) and Board Certified Behavior Analyst (BCBA) (www.bacb.com).", "You can find educational programs approved by the Behavior Analyst Certification Board (BACB) that meet the coursework requirements to sit for the certification exam. Many schools offer certificate programs that can be combined with a bachelor's or master's degree program, one of which is required to take the exam. As a behavior analyst, you use scientific techniques and principles of learning to help children and adults better acclimate to social situations at home, in their communities and at school or work.", "Behavior Analyst: Job Description and Education Requirements. Learn about the education and preparation needed to become a behavior analyst. Get a quick view of the requirements as well as details about degree programs, job duties and professional certifications to find out if this is the career for you. View 10 Popular Schools ». Certification. Employers may require that behavior analysts be certified or eligible for certification. The Behavior Analyst Certification Board (BACB) offers two kinds of certification for behavior analysts-Board Certified Assistant Behavior Analyst (BCaBA) and Board Certified Behavior Analyst (BCBA) (www.bacb.com)." ], "url": [ "http://learn.org/articles/Behavior_Analyst_Certification_and_Career_FAQs.html", "http://work.chron.com/kind-education-need-behavioral-consultant-9736.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Licensed_behavior_analyst", "http://classroom.synonym.com/kind-education-need-behavioral-consultant-3033.html", "http://work.chron.com/kind-education-need-behavioral-consultant-9736.html", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080202045231AAJ12vE", "http://study.com/articles/Behavior_Analyst_Job_Description_and_Education_Requirements.html", "http://learn.org/articles/Behavior_Analyst_Certification_and_Career_FAQs.html", "http://study.com/articles/Behavior_Analyst_Job_Description_and_Education_Requirements.html" ] }

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[ "05 mm thick on the eyelids, and is 1.5 mm thick on the palms and the soles of the feet." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Skin is generally classified as thick skin (on our palms and soles) and thin skin (on the rest of our body). With callouses, thick skin can reach thicknesses of nearly half an inch (13 mm). Thin skin varies in thickness from about 0.5 mm on the eyelid to about 2 mm on the back (1 mm is about the thickness of a dime). Skin is made up of three major layers called the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis.", "The Epidermis. The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin, and protects the body from the environment. The thickness of the epidermis varies in different types of skin; it is only .05 mm thick on the eyelids, and is 1.5 mm thick on the palms and the soles of the feet.", "Dermis: Thick skin has a thinner dermis than thin skin, and does not contain hairs, sebaceous glands, or apocrine sweat glands. Thick skin is only found in areas where there is a lot of abrasion-fingertips, palms and the soles of your feet. This is a picture of an H&E stained section of the epidermis of thin skin.", "The dermis is located beneath the epidermis and is the thickest of the three layers of the skin (1.5 to 4 mm thick), making up approximately 90 percent of the thickness of the skin. The main functions of the dermis are to regulate temperature and to supply the epidermis with nutrient-saturated blood.", "Skin type Thickness of epidermis, mm Thickness of dermis, mm Thick skin 0.61-0.98 0.56-0.84Thin skin 0.07-0.16 0.78-1.26 4. The epidermis in thick skin is much thicker than in thin skin.5. Hair follicles and sebaceous glands.6.", "The main difference between thin and thick skin is the thickness of the epidermis, mainly the startum corneum, in which, in thick skin the area contigous to the stratum granulosum can be differentiated as a speceific layer called stratum lucidom, which is not present in thin skin.", "The Dermis. The dermis is located beneath the epidermis and is the thickest of the three layers of the skin (1.5 to 4 mm thick), making up approximately 90 percent of the thickness of the skin. The main functions of the dermis are to regulate temperature and to supply the epidermis with nutrient-saturated blood." ], "url": [ "https://answersingenesis.org/human-body/skin/", "http://www.training.seer.cancer.gov/melanoma/anatomy/layers.html", "http://www.histology.leeds.ac.uk/skin/skin_thick_thin.php", "http://www.training.seer.cancer.gov/melanoma/anatomy/layers.html", "http://www.cgc.maricopa.edu/services/technology-support/sandbox/Documents/04%20Thick%20and%20Thin.pdf", "http://www.wesapiens.org/class/4456001/file/1/Thin+skin+vs+thick+skin", "http://www.training.seer.cancer.gov/melanoma/anatomy/layers.html" ] }

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[ "$125" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "$17.26. Consult the Cost of Attendance table on the Student Financial Affairs website for the estimated total cost for a full-time student. * Fees consist of a $5.25 Financial Aid fee, a $5.25 Technology fee and a $6.76 Capital Improvement fee per credit hour.", "Tuition and Fees. The average cost of tuition and fees for a typical student based on enrolling for 21 credit hours per academic year including 3 hours in the summer semester. The actual costs that a student incurs will vary depending on the student's degree or certificate program.", "$21,668.00. The average cost of tuition and fees for a typical student based on enrolling for 21 credit hours per academic year including 3 hours in the summer semester.", "Physical Therapy Major Fee - $50.00 per semester with a declared major in Physical Therapy. ADDITIONAL REQUIRED FEES. Graduate Student Service Fee for Courses Held at the Graduate Business Center - $125 per semester credit hour for each course section that is offered at UTEP's Graduate Business Center. International Student Services Fee - $25.00 per student per term*. *Applied only to International Students.", "Tuition and Fees ‐ The average cost of tuition and fees for a typical student based on enrolling for 30 credit hours per academic year including 6 hours in the summer semester.", "$4.00 per semester credit hour (undergraduate). PROFESSIONAL LIABILITY INSURANCE FEE-A fee of $10.00 to $80.00 will be assessed to defray costs of insurance for students working in clinical settings in courses in health science, nursing, speech-language pathology, and social work." ], "url": [ "http://ufonline.ufl.edu/tuition/", "http://engineering.utep.edu/graduate-tuition.htm", "http://engineering.utep.edu/graduate-tuition.htm", "http://academics.utep.edu/Default.aspx?tabid=65954", "http://estechcdn.utep.edu/FinancialAid/Financial_Aid_COA_UG_Resident_1516.pdf", "http://academics.utep.edu/Default.aspx?tabid=66161" ] }

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[ "13-year" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Shahid Kapoor 's marriage to a much younger Mira Rajput set tongues wagging. The much-evident age gap and the non-celebrity status had people talk non-stop for months. While Shahid hails from a filmy background, his wife Mira is new to the world of glamour.", "Shahid Kapoor and Mira Rajput. In what has been termed as 'the Bollywood shaadi of the year,' Shahid Kapoor and Mira Rajput tied the knot on July 7, 2015. There is a 13-year age difference between the 34-year-old Bollywood heartthrob and the 21-year-old student from Lady Shri Ram College.", "Shahid Kapoor and Mira Rajput. Shahid and Mira have a wide age gap between them. Shahid is 13 years older than his wife Mira. Mira is 21 and Shahid is 34 years old.", "The couple’s alliance was arranged by their parents who are followers of the same faith. Shahid had also met his future wife on a few occasions. However, Mira had second thoughts about getting married to the celebrity, the reason being the age difference between the two. Shahid is 34 years old while Mira is 21. As Bollywoodlife.com reported, it was Mira’s elder sister who convinced her for the marriage.", "There have been rumors about Mira Rajput married Shahid Kapoor or Shahid Kapoor wife pregnant but the actor has denied it all and has come out open about his relationship. Shahid Kapoor Mira Rajput wedding date was 07 July, 2015 and Mira Rajput marriage with the star Bollywood actor shall mark enormous grandeur. The would be husband of Mira Rajput has been linked with many actresses like Vidya Balan, Amrita Rao, etc.; but now it’s time for his wedding bells.", "Shahid Kapoor wife Mira Rajput biography has garnered information about Mira Rajput Delhi based girl but the exact date for Mira Rajput date of birth is 07 September, 1994, therefore, as of now, Shahid Kapoor wife age is 21 years only and Shahid Kapoor Mira Rajput age difference is nearly of ten years." ], "url": [ "http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/mira-has-no-desire-to-get-overtly-filmy-as-a-person-says-shahid-kapoor-shaandaar/1/499156.html", "http://www.indiawest.com/entertainment/bollywood/saif-kareena-shahid-mira-aamir-kiran-bollywood-couples-with-over/article_d5bd9278-2690-11e5-acdb-f39a2532536a.html", "http://www.msn.com/en-in/entertainment/gallery/age-gap-couples-celebs-with-big-age-difference/ss-AAclg1Z", "http://www.bollywoodmantra.com/news/a-quick-look-at-shahid-miras-wedding-journey/18404/", "http://youthdevelopers.com/shahid-kapoor-wife-mira-rajput-biography-age-profile-marriage-husband-children/", "http://youthdevelopers.com/shahid-kapoor-wife-mira-rajput-biography-age-profile-marriage-husband-children/" ] }

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[ "For most children, as well as adults, the normal range of total WBCs is 4,500 to 11,000 WBCs per microliter." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The normal number of WBCs in the blood is 4,500-10,000 white blood cells per microliter (mcL). Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different labs. Some laboratories use different measurements or may test different specimens. Talk to your doctor about your test results.", "Low White Blood Cell Count (Neutropenia). White blood cells fight infection. A normal white blood cell count is between 5,000 and 10,000 cells. A white blood cell count below 1,000 cells increases the risk of infection. In some cases, your child may be given a medicine, such as “G-CSF (granulocyte-colony stimulating factor) ,” to help increase the number of white blood cells in the bone marrow.", "Normal Range. For most children, as well as adults, the normal range of total WBCs is 4,500 to 11,000 WBCs per microliter. This number is elevated in newborns, up to 9,000 to 30,000 WBCs per microliter, but this number should fall to the adult level after about two weeks of life.", "For example, if your child had a white blood cell count of 3000, we might just consider this to be normal for your child even though it is below the lower limit of normal on some tests. The symptoms of mild fever, cough, and the diagnosis of croup really don't play a role in this finding.", "Normal WBC range in children is 4,500 to 11,000 per microliter. Photo Credit lab image by Alhazm Salemi from Fotolia.com. White blood cell (WBC) counts are indicative of the immune status of your child. Total white blood cell counts are similar for children and adults; however, newborns have greatly raised WBC ranges, which typically approach normal adult levels, about two weeks after birth." ], "url": [ "https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003643.htm", "https://childrensoncologygroup.org/index.php/lowwhitebloodcellcount", "http://www.livestrong.com/article/207279-normal-wbc-range-in-children/", "https://www.zocdoc.com/answers/17228/what-can-cause-low-white-blood-cell-count-in-a-child", "http://www.livestrong.com/article/207279-normal-wbc-range-in-children/" ] }

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[ "$247,450" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The average and median salaries for oral surgeons in the UK is about £50,000 per year. An oral surgeon’s salary varies based on age such as the one in 20s earns up to £37,500, one in 30s earns about £49,000, in 40s and in 50s earns about £58,000. The average hourly wage for an oral surgeon in UK is about £25 per hour. In contrary, the lowest paid oral surgeon receives an hourly wage of about $48.91 per hour which averages to about $101,730 per year. In addition, the overall mean salary for an oral surgeon in the United States ranges from between $100,958 – $612,500 based on work experience.", "An Oral Maxillofacial Surgeon's median salary is $101.30 per hour. The lowest 10% earn $48.91 per hour and those in the upper 10% earn more than $164.00 per hour. On an annual … basis the median Oral Maxillofacial Surgeon's salary is $210,710. The lowest 10% earn $101,730 per year while the upper 10% earn more than $300,000 per year. These salaries are calculated as a mean or average. According to Salary.com, the average annual salary of a plastic surgeon in the United States is $286,540 per year. Salaries for plastic surgeons will vary, though, based on ye … ars of experience, geographic location, size of practice and economic conditions.", "Oral Surgeon Salary in the USA. In the USA the average annual expected salary of an Oral surgeon is $247,450. The highest earning of these professionals is expected to earn about $164 per hour totaling an income of over $300,000 per year. These are considered to be in the 90 th percentile of the profession. ", "$230,000. Average Oral Maxillofacial Surgeon salaries for job postings in United States are the same as average Oral Maxillofacial Surgeon salaries for job postings nationwide. ", "(United States). Average pay for an Oral Surgeon in the United States is considerable, rounding six figures at $212K per year. Cash earnings for Oral Surgeons — which occasionally include more than $101K from bonuses and more than $148K from profit sharing — stretch from around $34K to approximately $406K", "Oral surgeon’s salary according to the BLS is about $210,710 on an annual basis while a median hourly wage is about $101.3 per hour. The highest paid oral surgeon receives an hourly wage of about $164 per hour which averages to more than $300,000 per year. In contrary, the lowest paid oral surgeon receives an hourly wage of about $48.91 per hour which averages to about $101,730 per year. In addition, the overall mean salary for an oral surgeon in the United States ranges from between $100,958 – $612,500 based on work experience.", "Annually. On an annual basis the median Oral Surgeon's salary is over $220,000. The lowest 10% earn less than $100,000 per year while the upper 10% earn more than $300,000 per year. These salaries are calculated as a mean or average. As a specialist their salary is much higher than that of the typical dentist. Median Hourly & Annual Data. Hourly. An Oral Maxillofacial Surgeon's median salary is $105.76 per hour. The lowest 10% earn less than $41.00 per hour and those in the upper 10% earn more than $150 per hour. Salary Data for this occupation varies widely between government and public salary data sites", "Conclusion about maxillofacial surgeon salary. According to PayScale.com, oral and maxillofacial surgeons with less than 1 year work experience receive an annual salary ranging from between $50,421 to $203,473 while those with 10 years or work experience receive a salary ranges from between $192,196 to $298,999. The average expected salary for a maxillofacial surgeon based in United Kingdom is about £33,333 per annum while the median salary for a maxillofacial surgeon is about £40,000 per year. An average hourly wage for a maxillofacial surgeon is about £16.67.", "An average salary for an oral surgeon based in Canada ranges from between 98,819 CAD – 599,522 CAD per annum while an average hourly wage ranges from between 56.46 CAD – 342 CAD per hour. A median salary for an oral surgeon averages to about 171,292 CAD per annum while a median wage is about 97.8 CAD per hour. In contrary, the lowest paid oral surgeon receives an hourly wage of about $48.91 per hour which averages to about $101,730 per year. In addition, the overall mean salary for an oral surgeon in the United States ranges from between $100,958 – $612,500 based on work experience." ], "url": [ "http://www.healthcare-salaries.com/physicians/oral-surgeon-salary", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_average_salary_of_Oral_and_Maxillofacial_Surgeons", "http://www.healthassistancepartnership.org/oral-surgeon-salary/", "http://www.indeed.com/salary/q-Oral-Maxillofacial-Surgeon-l-United-States.html", "http://www.payscale.com/research/US/Job=Oral_Surgeon/Salary", "http://www.healthcare-salaries.com/physicians/oral-surgeon-salary", "http://www.healthcaresalaryonline.com/oral-surgeon-salary.html", "http://www.healthcare-salaries.com/physicians/maxillofacial-surgeon-salary", "http://www.healthcare-salaries.com/physicians/oral-surgeon-salary" ] }

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[ "The data segment is read-write, since the values of variables can be altered at run time. It contains any global or static variables which have a pre-defined value and can be modified." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "An executable or shared object file's program header table is an array of structures, each describing a segment or other information the system needs to prepare the program for execution. An object file segment contains one or more sections, as ``Segment Contents'' describes below. ", "The main reason for using a segmented memory is to increase the reliability of programs and systems. For example, placing a program’s stack in a separate segment, prevent the stack from growing into the code or a data space and overwriting them. Placing the OS’s or executive’s code, data and stack in separate segments also protect them from application/program and vice versa.", "See the relevant discussion on the talk page. (June 2011). In computing, a data segment (often denoted .data) is a portion of an object file or the corresponding virtual address space of a program that contains initialized static variables, that is, global variables and static local variables. The .data segment contains any global or static variables which have a pre-defined value and can be modified. That is any variables that are not defined within a function (and thus can be accessed from anywhere) or are defined in a function but are defined as static so they retain their value across subsequent calls.", "The size of this segment is determined by the size of the values in the program's source code, and does not change at run time. The data segment is read-write, since the values of variables can be altered at run time. The .data segment contains any global or static variables which have a pre-defined value and can be modified. That is any variables that are not defined within a function (and thus can be accessed from anywhere) or are defined in a function but are defined as static so they retain their value across subsequent calls.", "The Market Segment Specialization Program (MSSP) is an Examination program created by the Internal Revenue Service under the umbrella of Compliance 2000. ", "The Program Segment Prefix (PSP) is a data structure used in DOS systems to store the state of a program. It resembles the Zero Page in the CP/M operating system. The PSP has the following structure: The PSP is most often used to get the command line arguments of a DOS program, for example the command FOO.EXE /A /F executes FOO.EXE with the arguments '/A' and '/F'. The segment address of the PSP is passed in the DS register when the program is executed. It can also be determined later by using Int 21h function 51h or Int 21h function 62h. Either function will return the PSP address in register BX. Alternatively, in .COM programs loaded at offset.", "To access a segment not pointed to by one of the segment registers, a program must first load the segment selector for the segment to be accessed into a segment register. Each of the segment register is associated with one of three types of storage: code, data or stack (will be explained in detail later). For example, placing a program’s stack in a separate segment, prevent the stack from growing into the code or a data space and overwriting them. Placing the OS’s or executive’s code, data and stack in separate segments also protect them from application/program and vice versa.", "A segment register is a register that contains the base address, or something related to the base address, of a region of memory. In the 8086/8088, the four segment registers … are multiplied by 16 and added to the effective address to form the physical address. Code segment (CS) is a 16-bit register containing address of 64 KB segment with processor instructions. The processor uses CS segment for all accesses to instructions referenced by instruction pointer (IP) register.", "The purpose of this Market Segment Specialization Program (MSSP) guide is to provide the examiner with general and technical background information and to recommend specific audit techniques to make future examinations of garment manufacturers more efficient and effective. The Market Segment Specialization Program (MSSP) focuses on developing highly trained examiners for a particular market segment. A market segment may be an industry such as construction or entertainment, a profession like attorneys or real estate agents or an issue like passive activity losses." ], "url": [ "http://www.sco.com/developers/gabi/latest/ch5.pheader.html", "http://www.tenouk.com/Bufferoverflowc/Bufferoverflow1a.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_segment", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_segment", "http://www.timbertax.org/publications/irs/msp/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Program_Segment_Prefix", "http://www.tenouk.com/Bufferoverflowc/Bufferoverflow1a.html", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Purpose_of_segment_register_of_microprocessor", "http://www.unclefed.com/SurviveIRS/MSSP/" ] }

[]

[ "Simple plastic" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "There are almost countless numbers of things made from thermosetting plastics. Just a single example are the plastic forks, knives and spoons that we consider as disposable … or single use utensils.", "Click here to find Thermoset Plastics Manufacturers. Thermoset, or thermosetting, plastics are synthetic materials that strengthen during being heated, but cannot be successfully remolded or reheated after their initial heat-forming. This is in contrast to thermoplastics, which soften when heated and harden and strengthen after cooling.", "Thermosetting plastics are simply plastics when moulded into shape and allowed to cool will not change shape when heated again they will char or burn an example of a thermoset … ting plastic is urea formaldehyde.", "The bulk of the material used to make a microwave is steel, and not thermosetting plastic. The cavity (the cooking space) is a metal cave with a door on it. There will be so … me components in an oven that are made of thermosetting plastic, but the bulk of the construction material is mild steel.", "A thermoplastic is a type of plastic made from polymer resins that becomes a homogenized liquid when heated and hard when cooled. When frozen, however, a thermoplastic becomes glass-like and subject to fracture. These characteristics, which lend the material its name, are reversible.", "There are almost countless numbers of things made from thermosetting plastics. Just a single example are the plastic forks, knives and spoons that we consider as disposable … or single use utensils. 12 people found this useful.", "Most plastics are made from oil. Plastics are man-made materials. They are a useful invention because they are waterproof, easy to shape and tough. They have taken the place of traditional materials like wood and metal in many products." ], "url": [ "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_products_are_made_from_thermosetting_plastics", "http://www.thomasnet.com/about/thermoset-plastics-61020277.html", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_products_are_made_from_thermosetting_plastics", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_objects_are_made_out_of_thermosetting_plastics", "http://www.plasticseurope.org/what-is-plastic/types-of-plastics-11148/thermoplastics.aspx", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_objects_are_made_out_of_thermosetting_plastics", "http://www.petervaldivia.com/plastics/" ] }

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[ "maximum daily dose of 1,800 mg." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The starting dose range is 10 mg/kg/day to 15 mg/kg/day, given in three divided doses, and the effective dose reached by upward titration over a period of approximately 3 days. The effective dose of NEURONTIN in patients 3 to 4 years of age is 40 mg/kg/day, given in three divided doses. The effective dose of NEURONTIN in patients 5 to 11 years of age is 25 mg/kg/day to 35 mg/kg/day, given in three divided doses. NEURONTIN may be administered as the oral solution, capsule, or tablet, or using combinations of these formulation", "The starting dose is 300 mg three times a day. The effective dose of NEURONTIN is 300 mg to 600 mg three times a day. Dosages up to 2400 mg/day have been well tolerated in long-term clinical studies. The effective dose of NEURONTIN in patients 3 to 4 years of age is 40 mg/kg/day, given in three divided doses. The effective dose of NEURONTIN in patients 5 to 11 years of age is 25 mg/kg/day to 35", "I am really concerned that your doctor is confusing the maximum dosage for lyrica with the dosage for gabapentin (neurontin). Consistently, lyrica is not recommended in doses over 600 mg. gabapentin on the other hand can be OK at four-figure amount s. Neurontin-well I was up to 3600mg/ day, the dose, and it never ever made me sleepy. Others here have reported problems at only 100 - 300mg/ day. I'm now ex per imenting with Lyrica; coming of f the Neurontin slowly and going up on the Lyrica.", "As is always the case, do not adjust your dosage unless your healthcare provider specifically instructs you to do so. The recommended starting dosage of Neurontin for controlling partial seizures in adults and adolescents over 12 years old is Neurontin 300 mg three times daily. If necessary, your healthcare provider may increase your dose, up to a maximum of 800 mg three times daily, until your seizures are under control", "Gabapentin Dosage. Gabapentin comes in capsule form, as a regular or extended-release tablet, and as a liquid. A typical adult dose for postherpetic neuralgia usually starts at 300 milligrams (mg), and your doctor may increase the dose to up to 1,800 mg a day. Do not change the dose or stop taking gabapentin without speaking with your doctor first. The maximum dose for pain is 1800 mg. Gabapentin is a medication that needs to be slowly titrated up and down, under a doctor's care.", "In adults with postherpetic neuralgia, NEURONTIN therapy may be initiated on Day 1 as a single 300 mg dose, on Day 2 as 600 mg/day (300 mg two times a day), and on Day 3 as 900 mg/day (300 mg three times a day). The effective dose of NEURONTIN in patients 3 to 4 years of age is 40 mg/kg/day, given in three divided doses. The effective dose of NEURONTIN in patients 5 to 11 years of age is 25 mg/kg/day to 35", "Ad. In the treatment of epilepsy or seizures, standard Neurontin® dosage may be begin with 900 milligrams a day, usually split into three daily doses. This would be the first recommendation for anyone 12 years old or older. The dose may be doubled as needed, and go up to 1,800 milligrams a day. ", "Treatment of Epilepsy. The recommended initial dosage of Gabapentin (Neurontin) for adults being treated for epilepsy is 300 mg taken once up to three times a day. The usual maintenance dose is 900 mg per day given in 3 divided doses. If necessary, the maintenance dose may be increased up to the maximum daily dose of 1,800 mg, until the condition is under control. Children (aged 3 to 12 years old) should be given individualized dosage of gabapentin based on child’s body weight. Your gabapentin dosage depends on several of factors that include your age and weight, the medical condition being treated, other medications currently taken, and other underlying medical conditions. The following information provides only the average dosage as indicated by the manufacturer.", "Gabapentin can be initiated at doses of 100 to 300 mg at bedtime or 100 to 300 mg three times daily. The dose should be titrated by 100 to 300 mg every 3 to 7 days as tolerated to a maximum dose of 3600 mg per day. The usual effective dose is 1800 mg to 3600 mg per day, which may take several weeks to achieve. A recent crossover design study compared nortriptyline (maximum dose of 100 mg daily), gabapentin (maximum dose of 3600 mg daily), and a combination of both in 56 patients with painful diabetic neuropathy or PHN. Participants received each treatment for 6 weeks followed by a one week taper and a one-week washout phas" ], "url": [ "http://www.rxlist.com/neurontin-drug/indications-dosage.htm", "http://www.rxlist.com/neurontin-drug/indications-dosage.htm", "http://healthquestions.medhelp.org/neurontin-dosage-maximum", "http://epilepsy.emedtv.com/neurontin/neurontin-dosage.html", "http://www.everydayhealth.com/drugs/gabapentin", "http://www.rxlist.com/neurontin-drug/indications-dosage.htm", "http://www.wisegeek.org/what-is-the-standard-neurontin-dosage.htm", "http://www.drugsdb.com/rx/gabapentin/gabapentin-dosage/", "http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/730671_4" ] }

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[ "$100 to $200 per square foot or more" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "An average commercial steel building costs between $16 and $20 per square foot, including building package (I-Beams, purlins, girts etc.) , delivery, foundation and the cost of construction.", "Calculate your space rental costs for properties quoting Yearly Rates. For example it could be a gross rate of $24. or a Triple Net (NNN) rate of $12 Base + $8 NNN. If estimated operating expenses are included in the base rate (gross rate) then leave as $0.", "Taking all of these qualifications into account, the typical cost estimate for a basic steel industrial building is approximately $10 to $25 per square foot. This does not include the cost of land where the building is constructed, or the cost of site preparation and foundation.", "The average per square foot cost for commercial.... 2. 3. The average per square foot cost for commercial office space construction can be anywhere between $100 per square foot to $200 per square foot or even more. The cost will depend on the kind of material and fitting and furniture you plan to use for the office construction.", "According to Remodeling Magazine, the average home-office renovation runs $187.50 per square foot. This includes new cabinetry, countertops, added storage space, new carpeting, new drywall and modernized electrical wiring. You can find square footage by multiplying the length of a room by its width. Example: a 12-foot-by-12-foot room amounts to 144 square feet. The cost for renovation using Remodeling Magazine's average figure would be 144 times $187.50, or $27,000.", "3. The average per square foot cost for commercial office space construction can be anywhere between $100 per square foot to $200 per square foot or even more. The cost will depend on the kind of material and fitting and furniture you plan to use for the office construction." ], "url": [ "http://www.buildingsguide.com/faq/what-average-commercial-building-cost-square-foot", "http://www.austintenantadvisors.com/calculate-space-cost/", "http://www.buildingsguide.com/faq/what-cost-estimate-industrial-steel-building", "http://www.goftp.com/qna/What_is_the_cost_per_square_foot_for_manufacturing_space_in_Chongqing_China-qna243010.html", "http://smallbusiness.chron.com/average-cost-renovate-office-space-31284.html", "http://www.goftp.com/qna/What_is_the_cost_per_square_foot_for_manufacturing_space_in_Chongqing_China-qna243010.html" ] }

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[ "Japan was one of the most prepared countries in the world for a massive earthquake. " ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Japan is one of the best tsunami-prepared countries in the world, which is one of the reasons the world is still reeling from the 2011 event.", "All rights reserved. More from OurAmazingPlanet. VANCOUVER, British Columbia — In 2011, Japan was one of the most prepared countries in the world for a massive earthquake. Yet when a mega-quake hit Japan last March, sparking a huge tsunami, it was shockingly devastating.", "Japan gave the word tsunami-meaning harbour wave-to the world; the destructive sea surges have been recorded throughout the country's history. Tsunamis are triggered by earthquakes, hundreds of which strike Japan each year. An offshore quake in 1707 is said to have caused a tsunami that hit the island of Shikoku, leaving several thousand people dead.", "While there are many lessons Oregon can take away from the massive earthquake that struck Japan in 2011, one of the most basic is just how much more energy is released during a 9.0 compared to lesser magnitude earthquakes.", "Even so, had the earthquake not been so far off the coast of Japan, the damage to the country could have been even more severe, said Kanoa Koyanagi, a geophysicist at the Pacific Tsunami Warning Centre in Hawaii.", "Japan’s monster earthquake struck at 2:46 p.m. local time, about 150 km off the coast of the island of Honshu. Japan is one of the world’s most prepared societies when it comes to earthquakes, and a recently established early warning system broadcast alerts in many areas, including Tokyo, before the shaking began.", "For many viewers, the photos and video from Japan Friday brought back images of the 2004 tsunami disaster in Indonesia — debris-clogged water flooding streets, sweeping away houses and leaving destruction behind. The earthquake and the resulting tsunami in Southeast Asia killed more than 220,000 people in 2004.", "Japan's earthquake preparation has spared it from a far worse fate. People live in a constant state of readiness in a country that suffers a fifth of the world's most powerful earthquakes. Tokyo hotel workers after the earthquake in Japan.", "The deadliest quake in Japan’s history came in 1923, when more than 140,000 people perished in the magnitude 7.9 Great Kanto Earthquake. That tremor was centered southwest of Tokyo Bay. The March 11 quake struck more to the north, offshore from the city of Sendai." ], "url": [ "http://theconversation.com/we-should-have-been-prepared-for-the-fukushima-tsunami-5735", "http://www.nbcnews.com/id/46474365/ns/technology_and_science-science/t/one-year-later-lessons-learned-japans-deadly-quake/", "http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-12709793", "http://www.opb.org/news/series/unprepared/", "http://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/mar/11/japan-earthquake-preparation", "http://www.wired.com/2011/03/biggest-japanese-earthquake/", "http://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/japan-the-most-prepared-place-in-the-world-for-tsunami/", "http://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/mar/11/japan-earthquake-preparation", "http://www.wired.com/2011/03/biggest-japanese-earthquake/" ] }

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[ "It is a religious task or duty that has become definite through sound evidence but that is not ordered as strongly as fard; like sacrificing an animal, performing witr and eid prayers." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Fardh or its synonym wājib (واجب) is one of the five types of Ahkam into which Fiqh categorizes acts of every Muslim. The Hanafi Fiqh however makes a distinction between Wajib and Fard, the latter being obligatory and the former merely necessary. 1 Individual duty or fardh al-'ayn (الفرض العين) relates to tasks every Muslim is required to perform, such as daily prayer (salat), or the pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in a lifetime (hajj). 2 Sufficiency duty or fardh al-kifāya (الفرض الكفاية) is a duty which is imposed on the whole community of believers (ummah).", "The Fiqh distinguishes two sorts of duties: 1 Individual duty or fardh al-'ayn (الفرض العين) relates to tasks every Muslim is required to perform, such as daily prayer (salat), or the pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in a lifetime (hajj). 1 Individual duty or fardh al-'ayn (الفرض العين) relates to tasks every Muslim is required to perform, such as daily prayer (salat), or the pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in a lifetime (hajj). 2 Sufficiency duty or fardh al-kifāya (الفرض الكفاية) is a duty which is imposed on the whole community of believers (ummah).", "Home. Wajib is a religious task or duty that has become definite through sound evidence but that is not ordered as strongly as fard; like sacrificing an animal, performing witr and eid prayers. Author: Mehmet Dikmen.", "For this reason, 'wajib' of the Hanafi school is also known as fard `amali (i.e. an 'action fard') as opposed to fard i`tiqadi ('belief fard'), the normal fard, which one is required not only to act upon, but also to believe with full certainty and conviction that it is without doubt a duty. ", "wajib is also something necessary, although of a slightly lesser degree than Fardh. The person who denies this will not become a Kaafir, but will be a Faasiq (flagrant sinner). Sunnat-e-Muakkadah are those actions of Nabi which were done regularly. A person who leaves out such an act will be sinning. ", "1 Sufficiency duty or fardh al-kifāya (الفرض الكفاية) is a duty which is imposed on the whole community of believers (ummah). 2 The classic example for it is janaza: the individual is not required to perform it as long as a sufficient number of community members fulfill it. 1 Individual duty or fardh al-'ayn (الفرض العين) relates to tasks every Muslim is required to perform, such as daily prayer (salat), or the pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in a lifetime (hajj). 2 ", "A person who denies or rejects a Fardh will become a Kaafir. wajib is also something necessary, although of a slightly lesser degree than Fardh. The person who denies this will not become a Kaafir, but will be a Faasiq (flagrant sinner). Sunnat-e-Muakkadah are those actions of Nabi which were done regularly. A person who leaves out such an act will be sinning.", "Difference between Fardh, Wajib and Sunnah. What is the difference between Wajib and Fardh? Is the Sunnah after Maghrib Wajib, or Fardh, or Sunnah? What is the difference among these three? Answer. All perfect praise be to Allaah, The Lord of the Worlds. I testify that there is none worthy of worship except Allaah, and that Muhammad is His slave and Messenger. There is no difference according to the majority of the scholars between Fardh and Waajib. Fardh means Waajib and Waajib means Fardh (obligation).", "Report Abuse. “Waajib according to the Ahnaaf is a stage that is between the Fardh and Sunnah. The difference between a fardh and a Waajib is that the Fardh is from Daleel qat3i (absolute proof) and Waajib from daleel dhanni (not an absolute proof). As for acting upon them they are the same", "Fatwa No: 88389. What is the difference between Wajib and Fardh? Is the Sunnah after Maghrib Wajib, or Fardh, or Sunnah? What is the difference among these three? Answer. All perfect praise be to Allaah, The Lord of the Worlds. I testify that there is none worthy of worship except Allaah, and that Muhammad is His slave and Messenger. There is no difference according to the majority of the scholars between Fardh and Waajib. Fardh means Waajib and Waajib means Fardh (obligation)." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fard", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fard", "http://www.questionsonislam.com/article/what-wajib", "http://www.hidaya.org/social-welfare/qurbani/what-is-qurbani", "http://www.albalagh.net/qa/fard_wajib_sunnah.shtml", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fard", "http://islamqa.org/hanafi/albalagh/22286", "http://www.islamweb.net/emainpage/index.php?page=showfatwa&Option=FatwaId&Id=88389", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080725130359AA979Bq", "http://www.islamweb.net/emainpage/index.php?page=showfatwa&Option=FatwaId&Id=88389" ] }

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[ "Six to 12" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The only way to tell for sure is with a pregnancy test. Spotting and Cramping. A few days after conception, the fertilized egg attaches itself to wall of the uterus. This can cause one of the earliest signs of pregnancy -- spotting and, sometimes, cramping. That's called implantation bleeding. It occurs anywhere from six to 12 days after the egg is fertilized. The cramps resemble menstrual cramps, so some women mistake them and the bleeding for the start of their period", "You can take these within seven to 12 days of conception, which means you can test sooner than a urine test [source: American Pregnancy Association ]. However, results take longer to get. With a blood test, your doctor will take a blood sample. The qualitative hCG test detects the presence of the hormone in your blood; the quantitative hCG test measures the precise amount. To take a pregnancy test, you can see your doctor or you can purchase one to take one at home. A doctor's test will give you an accurate result, but a visit may be expensive. Home pregnancy tests are less expensive, and when taken correctly, can deliver quite accurate results.", "They can pick up hCG earlier in a pregnancy than urine tests can. Blood tests can tell if you are pregnant about six to eight days after you ovulate. Doctors use two types of blood tests to check for pregnancy: 1 Quantitative blood test (or the beta hCG test) measures the exact amount of hCG in your blood. 2 So it can find even tiny amounts of hCG. 3 This makes it very accurate. If a HPT says you are pregnant, you should call your doctor right away. Your doctor can use a more sensitive test along with a pelvic exam to tell for sure if you're pregnant. Seeing your doctor early on in your pregnancy can help you and your baby stay healthy.", "Pregnancy tests range in sensitivity from 10mIU/ml to 40 mlU/ml. The lower the number, the more sensitive the test, and the earlier it can detect pregnancy. If you test too soon in pregnancy, even with a sensitive test, the amount of hCG in your urine may not be high enough to detect. Getting a false negative, when a test that says you're not pregnant and you are, can be stressful. If you are pregnant, the levels of hormone may build up enough by then to be picked up by the test. A blood test can also detect hCG. Blood tests are more sensitive than urine tests and can detect pregnancy from about six to eight days after ovulation. However you will not be offered a blood test for pregnancy until after your period is due, and even then only if there is a medical need", "After a few minutes, an indicator on the stick will register whether you're pregnant. Generally, you can take this test as soon as you've missed your period, though some tests can be taken sooner. Blood test: There are two kinds of blood tests: qualitative hCG and quantitative hCG, also called a beta hCG test. To take a pregnancy test, you can see your doctor or you can purchase one to take one at home. A doctor's test will give you an accurate result, but a visit may be expensive. Home pregnancy tests are less expensive, and when taken correctly, can deliver quite accurate results.", "Nausea. Most pregnant women start to get the queasies when they're about 6 weeks along, but some can experience morning sickness (which unfortunately can occur morning, noon and night) earlier. It will most likely subside as you enter the second trimester. You won't know for sure whether you're a mama-to-be until you do the pee-stick test. If you get a negative result and you still don't get your period, it just might just be too early for the test to detect. In the meantime, look a few of these weird pregnancy symptoms that can appear upon conception.", "1 So, the earlier after a missed period you take the test the harder it is to spot the hCG. 2 Some HPTs claim that they can tell if you are pregnant one day after a missed period or even earlier. 3 But a recent study shows that most HPTs don't give accurate results this early in pregnancy. If a HPT says you are pregnant, you should call your doctor right away. Your doctor can use a more sensitive test along with a pelvic exam to tell for sure if you're pregnant. Seeing your doctor early on in your pregnancy can help you and your baby stay healthy.", "Report Abuse. Doctors can use a blood test to determine pregnancy almost immediately. My friend was 1 week and like 2 or 3 days and it showed in a blood test. With todays technology they could probably tell with blood the day after sex lol. Good Luck!! ", "A negative result can mean that you are not pregnant, you took the test too early, or you took the test wrong. Pregnancy tests vary in their sensitivity (how soon they can detect the hormone hCG), and you may not have given your body enough time to produce enough hCG hormones that will show up on the test. Also, if you let a test sit for too long (after the instructions on the box tell you), the test is invalid." ], "url": [ "http://www.webmd.com/baby/guide/pregnancy-am-i-pregnant", "http://health.howstuffworks.com/pregnancy-and-parenting/pregnancy/conception/how-early-test-for-pregnancy.htm", "http://womenshealth.gov/pregnancy/before-you-get-pregnant/knowing-if-pregnant.html", "http://www.babycentre.co.uk/pregnancy-test", "http://health.howstuffworks.com/pregnancy-and-parenting/pregnancy/conception/how-early-test-for-pregnancy.htm", "http://www.parenting.com/gallery/early-signs-of-pregnancy", "http://womenshealth.gov/pregnancy/before-you-get-pregnant/knowing-if-pregnant.html", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20081029184541AA8lWDt", "http://americanpregnancy.org/getting-pregnant/understanding-pregnancy-tests/" ] }

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[ "A loop diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure and edema." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "Furosemide treats fluid retention (edema) in people with congestive heart failure, liver disease, or a kidney disorder such as nephrotic syndrome. This medication is also used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). Furosemide may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide. ", "BRAND NAME: Lasix. DRUG CLASS AND MECHANISM: Furosemide is a potent diuretic (water pill) that is used to eliminate water and salt from the body. In the kidneys, salt (composed of sodium and chloride), water, and other small molecules normally are filtered out of the blood and into the tubules of the kidney. ", "WHY is this medicine prescribed? Furosemide, a 'water pill,' is used to reduce the swelling and fluid retention caused by various medical problems, including heart or liver disease. It is also used to treat high blood pressure. It causes the kidneys to get rid of unneeded water and salt from the body into the urine. ", "2 Reviews. Lasix is the brand name of furosemide, a prescription drug used to eliminate extra water and salt in people who have problems with fluid retention. Swelling and fluid retention-also known as edema-can be caused by congestive heart failure, liver or kidney disease, as well as other conditions. Lasix is also used on its own or together with other drugs to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). Lasix is part of a group of drugs known as loop diuretics or water pills, which reduce the amount of water in the body by increasing the flow of urine.", "Furosemide is also used in horses for pulmonary edema, congestive heart failure (in combination with other drugs), and allergic reactions. Although it increases circulation to the kidneys, it does not help kidney function, and is not recommended for kidney disease. Furosemide, like other loop diuretics, acts by inhibiting NKCC2, the luminal Na-K-2Cl symporter in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle.", "A: Lasix (furosemide) is a diuretic (water pill). Lasix signals the kidneys to get rid of (unneeded) salt and water from the body into the urine. Reducing salt and water from the body can reduce swelling and fluid retention and lower blood pressure. Lasix is also used on its own or together with other drugs to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). Lasix is part of a group of drugs known as loop diuretics or water pills, which reduce the amount of water in the body by increasing the flow of urine.", "Furosemide is a loop diuretic (water pill) that prevents your body from absorbing too much salt, allowing the salt to instead be passed in your urine. Furosemide treats fluid retention (edema) in people with congestive heart failure, liver disease, or a kidney disorder such as nephrotic syndrome. ", "Descriptions. Furosemide belongs to a group of medicines called loop diuretics (also known as water pills). Furosemide is given to help treat fluid retention (edema) and swelling that is caused by congestive heart failure, liver disease, kidney disease, or other medical conditions. It works by acting on the kidneys to increase the flow of urine", "Furosemide is primarily used for the treatment of hypertension and edema. It is the first-line agent in most people with edema caused by congestive heart failure. Furosemide, like other loop diuretics, acts by inhibiting NKCC2, the luminal Na-K-2Cl symporter in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle.", "Furosemide (INN / BAN), previously frusemide (former BAN), is a loop diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure and edema. It is most commonly marketed by Sanofi under the brand name Lasix, and also under the brand names Fusid and Frumex. Furosemide, like other loop diuretics, acts by inhibiting NKCC2, the luminal Na-K-2Cl symporter in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle." ], "url": [ "http://www.rxlist.com/lasix-drug/patient-images-side-effects.htm", "http://www.medicinenet.com/furosemide/article.htm", "http://www.lifescript.com/health/centers/copd/drugs/furosemide.aspx", "http://www.everydayhealth.com/drugs/lasix", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furosemide", "http://www.everydayhealth.com/drugs/lasix", "http://www.emedicinehealth.com/drug-furosemide/article_em.htm", "http://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/furosemide-oral-route/description/DRG-20071281", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furosemide", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furosemide" ] }

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[ "Southeast and southwest regions of Australia." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "How To Tell a Mute Swan from a Native Swan: The most notable difference between mute swans and the two native swan species found in Michigan (trumpeter swan and tundra swan) is that adult mute swans have orange bills. The two native swans have black bills. Mute swans also have a black knob on the top of their bill, which is absent in the native swan species. Mute swans typically have an S-shaped curve to their neck, while trumpeter swans have a C-shaped curve. ", "For other uses, see Black swan (disambiguation) . The black swan (Cygnus atratus) is a large waterbird, a species of swan, which breeds mainly in the southeast and southwest regions of Australia. The species was hunted to extinction in New Zealand, but later reintroduced. A mature black swan measures between 110 and 142 centimetres (43 and 56 in) in length and weighs 3.7–9 kilograms (8.2–19.8 lb). Its wing span is between 1.6 and 2 metres (5.2 and 6.6 ft). The neck is long (relatively the longest neck among the swans) and curved in an S-shape.", "There are many different species of swans found all over the world, including Mute Swan, Trumpeter Swan, Tundra Swan, Black Swan, Coscoroba Swan, and Whooper Swan. While s … pecies like the Australian Black Swan are indigenous to Australia, others like the Trumpeter Swan is native to North America. ", "The black swan (Cygnus atratus) is a large waterbird, a species of swan, which breeds mainly in the southeast and southwest regions of Australia. A mature black swan measures between 110 and 142 centimetres (43 and 56 in) in length and weighs 3.7–9 kilograms (8.2–19.8 lb). Its wing span is between 1.6 and 2 metres (5.2 and 6.6 ft). The neck is long (relatively the longest neck among the swans) and curved in an S-shape.", "Black swans have been introduced to various countries as an ornamental bird in the 1800s, but have escaped and formed stable populations. A small population of Black swans exists on the River Thames at Marlow, and near the River Itchen, Hampshire. A mature black swan measures between 110 and 142 centimetres (43 and 56 in) in length and weighs 3.7–9 kilograms (8.2–19.8 lb). Its wing span is between 1.6 and 2 metres (5.2 and 6.6 ft). The neck is long (relatively the longest neck among the swans) and curved in an S-shape.", "Swans usually mate for life, though divorce does sometimes occur, particularly following nesting failure, and if a mate dies, the remaining swan will take up with another. The number of eggs in each clutch ranges from three to eight. The largest species, including the mute swan, trumpeter swan, and whooper swan, can reach a length of over 1.5 m (59 in) and weigh over 15 kg (33 lb). Their wingspans can be almost 3 m (9.8 ft). Compared to the closely related geese, they are much larger and have proportionally larger feet and necks.", "Young swans are known as swanlings or as cygnets, from Greek κύκνος, kýknos and from the Latin word cygnus (swan) and the Old French suffix-et (little). An adult male is a cob, from Middle English cobbe (leader of a group); an adult female is a pen. The largest species, including the mute swan, trumpeter swan, and whooper swan, can reach a length of over 1.5 m (59 in) and weigh over 15 kg (33 lb). Their wingspans can be almost 3 m (9.8 ft). Compared to the closely related geese, they are much larger and have proportionally larger feet and necks.", "They are rarely found in northern Australia and the centre. Black swans also originally also occurred in New Zealand, but were hunted to extinction there before being reintroduced in the mid-1860s. They have also naturally recolonised parts of New Zealand. They are common on a variety of coastal and inland lakes. Black swans are endemic to Australia, and breed primarily on wetlands in south-eastern and-western Australia and nearby coastal islands, covering a range of between one and ten million square kilometers.", "Generally, black swans nest in the wetter winter months (February to September), occasionally in large colonies. A black swan nest is essentially a large heap or mound of reeds, grasses and weeds between 1 and 1.5 metres (3-4½ feet) in diameter and up to 1 metre high, in shallow water or on islands. A mature black swan measures between 110 and 142 centimetres (43 and 56 in) in length and weighs 3.7–9 kilograms (8.2–19.8 lb). Its wing span is between 1.6 and 2 metres (5.2 and 6.6 ft). The neck is long (relatively the longest neck among the swans) and curved in an S-shape.", "The Northern Hemisphere species of swan have pure white plumage but the Southern Hemisphere species are mixed black and white. The Australian black swan (Cygnus atratus) is completely black except for the white flight feathers on its wings; the chicks of black swans are light grey. The South American black-necked swan has a white body with a black neck. The largest species, including the mute swan, trumpeter swan, and whooper swan, can reach a length of over 1.5 m (59 in) and weigh over 15 kg (33 lb). Their wingspans can be almost 3 m (9.8 ft). Compared to the closely related geese, they are much larger and have proportionally larger feet and necks." ], "url": [ "http://www.michigan.gov/dnr/0,4570,7-153-10370_12145_59132_59333-263418--,00.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_swan", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Where_do_swans_come_from", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_swan", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_swan", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swan", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swan", "http://www.myswan.org.au/index.php/black-swans/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_swan", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swan" ] }

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[ "The larynx is a tough, flexible segment of the respiratory tract connecting the pharynx to the trachea in the neck." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The larynx is another name for the voice box. It is a tube about 2 inches (5cm) long in adults. The larynx sits above the windpipe (trachea) in the neck, in front of the upper part of the food pipe (pharynx). The larynx is where the breathing and digestive systems separate. When you breathe in, air travels through your mouth, larynx, windpipe (trachea), and then into your lungs.", "The larynx /ˈlaerɪŋks/ (ˈlærɪŋks plural; larynges from The greek λάρυγξ), larynx lárynx commonly called the, voice box is an organ in the neck, of, amphibians reptiles and mammals involved, in breathing, sound production and protecting the trachea against. Food aspiration it manipulates pitch. and volume", "The larynx /ˈlaerɪŋks/ (ˈlærɪŋks plural; larynges from The greek λάρυγξ), larynx lárynx commonly called the, voice box is an organ in the neck, of, amphibians reptiles and mammals involved, in breathing, sound production and protecting the trachea against. food aspiration", "The larynx, also called the voice box, is a funnel-shaped organ located in the throat. It is formed by the hyoid bone and nine cartilages which are connected by muscles and ligaments. The primary functions of the larynx are to protect the trachea, or windpipe, when swallowing and to produce sound.", "The larynx is a tough, flexible segment of the respiratory tract connecting the pharynx to the trachea in the neck. It plays a vital role in the respiratory tract by allowing air to pass through it while keeping food and drink from blocking the airway.", "Larynx: A tube-shaped organ in the neck that contains the vocal cords. The larynx is about 5 cm (2 in.) long. It is part of the respiratory system and is located between the pharynx and the trachea. Humans use the larynx to breathe, talk, and swallow.", "The larynx is another name for the voice box. It is a tube about 2 inches (5cm) long in adults. It sits above the windpipe (trachea) in the neck and in front of the food pipe. The food pipe in the upper part of the neck is called the pharynx." ], "url": [ "http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/type/larynx-cancer/about/the-larynx", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larynx", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larynx", "http://www.wisegeekhealth.com/what-is-the-larynx.htm", "http://www.innerbody.com/anatomy/respiratory/head-neck/larynx", "http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=6224", "http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/type/larynx-cancer/about/the-larynx" ] }

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[ "1) pursue the payments that cost you the most in monthly payments first or 2) pay of the highest interest debt first or 3) pay off the debt that has the smallest balance owed." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "For example, if you have a $10,000 credit card debt at 20% interest where you pay a minimum payment of $200 a month, you will end up taking 9 years and 8 months to pay off the actual amount of $21,680 including $11,680 in interest! The highest interest rate should be at the top as this is what you’ll pay off first. Paying off your high interest debt is the key to the Stack Method and paying off debt as fast as possible. Interest is a powerful weapon and right now the bank or other financial institutions are using it against you.", "If you have a certain amount of money available to pay off a portion of your credit card debt each month, even if that certain amount changes, there is a mathematically correct way of paying off that debt. You can call this approach the Debt Avalanche. There are really only three strategies to pay off debt: 1) pursue the payments that cost you the most in monthly payments first or 2) pay of the highest interest debt first or 3) pay off the debt that has the smallest balance owed.", "The most important thing in paying down debt faster and with less interest paid is the ‘catch-up payments’. As you pay off one debt, apply what you would have paid for that debt to something else. In short, it doesn’t much matter what you pay the $2000/month on first … only that you consistently spend down $2000/month. There are really only three strategies to pay off debt: 1) pursue the payments that cost you the most in monthly payments first or 2) pay of the highest interest debt first or 3) pay off the debt that has the smallest balance owed.", "A: Stacy, there are about as many ways of paying off debt as their blogs dedicated to the subject! First of all, I commend you for taking control of your financial situation and eliminating the temptation to go even deeper into debt. Q: If you have a canceled credit card and its balance is the lowest should you work on paying that one off first or one that isn’t canceled? Also, would you work on paying over the credit limit cards or paying off payday loans first? We have ideas but just aren’t sure where to start and attempt to tackle the debt.", "If you have a $10,000 credit card that is at 15% interest, but you take 6 months to pay off a $5,000 debt that is 10% interest you've just let your $10,000 debt increase by 5% (I'm not using actual API calculations, because that's really complicated, but you get the idea). It's silly. The highest interest rate should be at the top as this is what you’ll pay off first. Paying off your high interest debt is the key to the stack method. Interest is a powerful weapon and right now the bank or other financial institutions are using it against you.", "Make a list of all your debt with amounts and the interest rate. The highest interest rate should be at the top as this is what you’ll pay off first. Paying off your high interest debt is the key to the Stack Method and paying off debt as fast as possible. Interest is a powerful weapon and right now the bank or other financial institutions are using it against you.", "For example, if you have a $10,000 credit card debt at 20% interest where you pay a minimum payment of $200 a month, you will end up taking 9 years and 8 months to pay off the actual amount of $21,680 including $11,680 in interest! The highest interest rate should be at the top as this is what you’ll pay off first. Paying off your high interest debt is the key to the stack method. Interest is a powerful weapon and right now the bank or other financial institutions are using it against you.", "Having said that, I’ve violated this advice myself and closed an account before paying if off because of the way the credit card company treated me. From your question, it sounds like you have a variety of debts including a canceled credit card, an over-the-limit credit card or two, and some payday loans. The standard advice is to pay off the debts in the order of the interest rate – paying off those with the highest rates first. In my own experience, I have found that method of snowballing debt to be tougher to work through because of the lack of emotional reward returned. Q: If you have a canceled credit card and its balance is the lowest should you work on paying that one off first or one that isn’t canceled? Also, would you work on paying over the credit limit cards or paying off payday loans first? We have ideas but just aren’t sure where to start and attempt to tackle the debt.", "Either way, you can take the monthly payments formerly used to pay off the now from the paid-off account and apply it to the next debt. I see the logic in paying off a debt that has a lower balance, lower interest, but highest monthly payment among all debt owed – in order to free up more money month-over-month. There are really only three strategies to pay off debt: 1) pursue the payments that cost you the most in monthly payments first or 2) pay of the highest interest debt first or 3) pay off the debt that has the smallest balance owed.", "If you have one debt — perhaps a single credit card balance — the game plan is pretty simple. After budgeting for your essentials (rent, utilities, basic grocery needs), see how much extra money you can allocate to the credit card balance. Throw money at it till it’s gone. With two or more debts, things can be trickier. Depending on how much you can dedicate to paying off your debt, you can tackle multiple balances at once. You can use this credit card payoff calculator to see how much it will take for you to become free of credit card debt." ], "url": [ "http://www.lifehack.org/articles/money/how-pay-off-debt-fast-using-the-stack-method.html", "http://www.consumerismcommentary.com/the-correct-way-to-pay-off-personal-debt-the-debt-avalanche/", "http://www.consumerismcommentary.com/the-correct-way-to-pay-off-personal-debt-the-debt-avalanche/", "http://www.frugaldad.com/what-order-should-i-pay-off-my-debt/", "http://lifehacker.com/how-to-pay-off-your-debt-using-the-stack-method-576070292", "http://www.lifehack.org/articles/money/how-pay-off-debt-fast-using-the-stack-method.html", "http://lifehacker.com/how-to-pay-off-your-debt-using-the-stack-method-576070292", "http://www.frugaldad.com/what-order-should-i-pay-off-my-debt/", "http://www.consumerismcommentary.com/the-correct-way-to-pay-off-personal-debt-the-debt-avalanche/", "http://blog.credit.com/2014/12/which-debts-should-you-pay-off-first-103147/" ] }

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[ "It is used for upholstery, wall coverings, window treatments (if blended with another fiber), rugs, bedding and wall hangings." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Silk is a natural protein fiber, some forms of which can be woven into textiles. The protein fiber of silk is composed mainly of fibroin and is produced by certain insect larvae to form cocoons. The best-known silk is obtained from the cocoons of the larvae of the mulberry silkworm Bombyx mori reared in captivity (sericulture). Silk is considered to be a symbol of royalty, and, historically, silk was used primarily by the upper classes. Silk garments and sarees produced in Kanchipuram, Pochampally, Dharmavaram, Mysore, Arani in the south, Banaras in the north, and Murshidabad in the east are well recognized.", "09 Apr, 2012 uses 2. Silk is a natural fiber that is used to create materials. It is obtained from the cocoon of the mulberry silkworm which is reared in captivity. Silk is also made by a variety of other insects that undergo metamorphosis and some insects such as spiders that are web spinners. Uses of Silk. 1 Silk is mainly used in the manufacture of clothing such as dresses, ties, shirts, trousers, pajamas, underwear and folk costumes. 2 It is also used in skiing garments because of its ability to keep body warmth contained and because it is lightweight.", "Answer: It is used in clothing, yarns, decorative textiles, bed linens and fabric. Silk's good absorbency makes it comfortable to wear in warm weather and while active. Its low conductivity keeps warm air close to the skin during cold weather. It is often used for clothing such as shirts, blouses, formal dresses, high fashion clothes, negligees, pyjamas, robes, skirtsuits, sun dresses and kimonos. Silk's elegant, soft luster and beautiful drape makes it perfect for many furnishing applications. It is used for upholstery, wall coverings, window treatments (if blended with another fiber), rugs, bedding and wall hangings.", "Legend of Silk. Legend has it that the process for making silk cloth was first invented by the wife of the Yellow Emperor, Leizu, around the year 2696 BC. The idea for silk first came to Leizu while she was having tea in the imperial gardens. ", "Several kinds of wild silk, which are produced by caterpillars other than the mulberry silkworm, have been known and used in China, South Asia, and Europe since ancient times. However, the scale of production was always far smaller than for cultivated silks. Silk is considered to be a symbol of royalty, and, historically, silk was used primarily by the upper classes. Silk garments and sarees produced in Kanchipuram, Pochampally, Dharmavaram, Mysore, Arani in the south, Banaras in the north, and Murshidabad in the east are well recognized.", "1 Silk is sometimes used in the construction of parachute materials and cords, though it is more common for parachutes to be made from nylon. 2 It is also occasionally used to make the casing of bicycle tires; cotton and nylon are also used for this purpose. 3 Silk thread is used as a non-absorbable surgery sutures. Uses of Silk. 1 Silk is mainly used in the manufacture of clothing such as dresses, ties, shirts, trousers, pajamas, underwear and folk costumes. 2 It is also used in skiing garments because of its ability to keep body warmth contained and because it is lightweight.", "1 Silk is also used to make silk comforter or duvets which are lightweight and hypoallergenic. 2 It is also used as fabric for upholstery, curtains, rugs and bedding such as sheets. 3 Silk is sometimes used in the construction of parachute materials and cords, though it is more common for parachutes to be made from nylon. Uses of Silk. 1 Silk is mainly used in the manufacture of clothing such as dresses, ties, shirts, trousers, pajamas, underwear and folk costumes. 2 It is also used in skiing garments because of its ability to keep body warmth contained and because it is lightweight.", "Silk Habotai Fabrics. Also known as china silk this is the classic silk fabric you see used in all kinds of projects. This silk fabric has a soft and supple hand and a lustrous sheen. Perfect for beginners and students as it is economical and has a smooth surface so lends itself to all painting techniques. ", "Corn silk is used as a medicine. Corn silk is used for bladder infections, inflammation of the urinary system, inflammation of the prostate, kidney stones, and bedwetting. It is also used to treat congestive heart failure, diabetes, high blood pressure, fatigue, and high cholesterol levels. " ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silk", "http://wanttoknowit.com/uses-of-silk/", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_is_silk_used", "http://www.ducksters.com/history/china/legend_of_silk.php", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silk", "http://wanttoknowit.com/uses-of-silk/", "http://wanttoknowit.com/uses-of-silk/", "http://www.dharmatrading.com/fabric/silk/silk-habotai-fabrics.html", "http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-140-CORN%20SILK.aspx?activeIngredientId=140&activeIngredientName=CORN%20SILK" ] }

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[ "Between 3 1/2 and 4 months" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "1 Spaying and neutering for rabbits has become a safe procedure when performed by experienced rabbit veterinarians. 2 The House Rabbit Society has had over 1000 rabbits spayed or neutered with approximately .1% mortality due to anesthesia. 1 Your neutered male rabbit will live longer as well, given that he won’t be tempted to fight with other animals (rabbits, cats, etc.) due to his sexual aggression. 2 Altered rabbits make better companions. 3 They are calmer, more loving, and dependable once the undeniable urge to mate has been removed.", "For a month or two after being neutered, the male rabbit can still have semen stored in its body, so keep the rabbit away from any unspayed female for this period. Female rabbits can be spayed around 4 months of age but many vets prefer to wait until 6 months, since surgery is riskier on a younger rabbit. Males can be neutered once the testicles have descended. This usually happens from 3 months, up to perhaps 6 or 8 months. Spayed or Neutered rabbits. There are various reasons why you should have your rabbit spayed or neutered. Being spayed or neutered is in a rabbit's best interest as it will make them less aggressive and deter certain cancers. Female rabbits, Does, are spayed and male rabbits, Bucks, are neutered. When a female rabbit is spayed, they will live longer since the risk of reproductive ovarian, uterine and mammarian cancers are all but eliminated. They will also live healthier lives since they will not get infections of the urinary tract", "Reasons why you should have your rabbit spayed or neutered. 1 Male and female rabbits that are not spayed or neutered can start spraying urine to mark their territory when they start becoming hormonal at about four months old. 2 Approximately 80% of unspayed rabbits get uterine cancer at an early age. The longer you put off spaying your rabbit, the more prone your rabbit is to developing uterine cancer which in many cases is untreatable. Rabbits can be spayed/neutered as early as 4 - 6 months but your veterinarian will decide what age is best.", "Prerequisites for a sucessful introduction. Before attempting an introduction, the rabbits should be spayed or neutered, and you should wait for a full two weeks after the surgery before proceeding with the introduction. This delay both ensures proper healing and gives the hormones a chance to dissipate. This delay is especially important with a newly neutered male, as a male bunny can still be fertile for two weeks after fixing. Many of the calls we receive are from well-meaning rabbit caregivers who bring a new rabbit home, put him with their existing rabbit, and think all will be fine.", "The stronger smell of urine in uncastrated rabbits can be eliminated by neutering. A spay is actually an ovariohysterectomy; the uterus, ovaries and the two cervices of the rabbit are surgically removed. A castration, or orchidectomy is the removal of the testicles. ", "1 The risk of reproductive cancers (ovarian, uterine, mammarian) for an unspayed female rabbit stands at is virtually eliminated by spaying your female rabbit. 2 Your neutered male rabbit will live longer as well, given that he won’t be tempted to fight with other animals (rabbits, cats, etc.) due to his sexual aggression. 1 Your neutered male rabbit will live longer as well, given that he won’t be tempted to fight with other animals (rabbits, cats, etc.) due to his sexual aggression. 2 Altered rabbits make better companions. 3 They are calmer, more loving, and dependable once the undeniable urge to mate has been removed.", "My male rabbit was castrated yesterday so there is no need to spay my female rabbit. As well as the other reasons for spaying rabbits mentioned above, female rabbits should not be placed with male rabbits following a castration. This is because for up to six weeks following the procedure, breeding can still occur. ", "WHEN TO SPAY/NEUTER. Female rabbits reach sexual maturity at about 6 months of age and should be spayed at this point; male rabbits reach sexual maturity between 3 1/2 and 4 months (as soon as the testicles descend) and should be neutered at this point. Opposite-gender rabbits will have to be housed separately until both are fixed. " ], "url": [ "http://rabbit.org/faq-spaying-and-neutering/", "http://www.rabbitmatters.com/spayed-or-neutered.html", "http://www.bunnybunch.org/spayneuter2.html", "http://rabbit.org/faq-bonding-multiple-rabbits/", "http://www.peteducation.com/article.cfm?c=18+1803&aid=2147", "http://rabbit.org/faq-spaying-and-neutering/", "http://www.netvet.co.uk/rabbits/neutering/spaying-a-rabbit.htm", "http://www.mybunny.org/info/spaying-and-neutering/" ] }

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[ "Strategic procurement is advanced planning, scheduling, and group buying initiatives, a firm can experience significant cost savings.0 hilariously insightful foreign words." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Confidence votes 9. Strategic purchasing is a methodology used in many businesses to realize the greatest amount of benefit to the company while still effectively managing the costs associated with the acquisition of raw materials and operational components. ", "Strategic Procurement. ... [T]he best strategic sourcing decision may be to not make a purchase at all (Russel, 2009).. This concept addresses the fundamental objectives of purchasing activity and outlines useful implementation information for the development of a competitive purchasing strategy.", "vs. Ellucian. Strategic sourcing is an approach to supply chain management that formalizes the way information is gathered and used so that an organization can leverage its consolidated purchasing power to find the best possible values in the marketplace. You also agree that your personal information may be transferred and processed in the United States, and that you have read and agree to the Terms of Use and the Privacy Policy. Strategic sourcing requires analysis of what an organization buys, from whom, at what price and at what volume.", "10 hilariously insightful foreign words. The primary concept of strategic procurement is that through advanced planning, scheduling, and group buying initiatives, a firm can experience significant cost savings. ", "Tactical vs. Strategic Purchasing Description *. * The full technique overview is available for members only. Why not sign up for a free trial of our business management platform, and learn all about Tactical vs. Strategic Purchasing. Tactical vs. Strategic Purchasing References (4 of up to 20) *. 1 Aberdeen Group (2010) Strategic sourcing: The 2010 guide to driving savings and procurement performance.", "About. Strategic sourcing is the collaborative and structured process of critically analyzing an organization’s spending and using this information to make business decisions about acquiring commodities and services more effectively and efficiently. ", "(October 2010). Procurement is the act of acquiring, buying goods, services or works from an external source. It is favourable that the goods, services or works are appropriate and that they are procured at the best possible cost to meet the needs of the acquirer in terms of quality and quantity, time, and location. Procurement life cycle in modern businesses usually consists of seven steps: 1 Identification of Need: This is an internal step for a company that involves understanding of the company needs by establishing a short term strategy (three to five years) followed by defining the technical direction and requirements.", "strategic sourcing. A method of managing procurement processes for an organization in which the procedures, methods, and sources are constantly re-evaluated to optimize value to the organization. ", "From transaction-focused to source of added value. As the role of sourcing and procurement continues to evolve, a new set of objectives is coming into focus, namely, the need to elevate procurement's role to more of a trusted advisor and improving its business agility. " ], "url": [ "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_strategic_Procurement_or_strategic_Purchasing", "https://www.kbmanage.com/concept/strategic-procurement", "http://searchfinancialapplications.techtarget.com/definition/strategic-sourcing", "http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-strategic-procurement.htm", "https://www.kbmanage.com/concept/tactical-vs-strategic-purchasing", "http://www.acq.osd.mil/dpap/ss/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procurement", "http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/strategic-sourcing.html", "http://www.thehackettgroup.com/expertise/sourcing-procurement-strategy/" ] }

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[ "Organizations and individuals must register in order to apply for funding through Grants.gov." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Organizations and individuals must register in order to apply for funding through Grants.gov. Other official sources of information on government funding include the Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance, the Federal Register, and individual agency web sites. For information on these and additional resources, see the listing of books, articles, and web sites below.", "Grants. A grant is an amount of money given to an individual or business for a specific project or purpose. You can apply for a grant from the government, the European Union, local councils and charities. 5. A grant is an amount of money given to an individual or business for a specific project or purpose. You can apply for a grant from the government, the European Union, local councils and charities.", "1 Scammers pressure people to divulge their bank account information so that they can steal the money in the account. 2 Always keep your bank account information confidential. 3 Don't share it unless you are familiar with the company and know why the information is necessary. 4 Don't pay any money for a free government grant. 1 If you have to pay money to claim a free government grant, it isn't a government grant and it isn't really free. 2 A real government agency won't ask you to pay a processing fee for a grant that you have already been awarded—or to pay for a list of grant-making institutions.", "Before applying for a funding opportunity, your organization needs to register with Grants.gov, and so do you as an Authorized Organization Representative (AOR). ", "Things to consider before applying for government funding: 1 The majority of government grants are awarded to state agencies or eligible nonprofit organizations, and not to individuals. 2 For information on funding for individuals, see our frequently asked questions for individual grantseekers or visit Benefits.gov. Other official sources of information on government funding include the Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance, the Federal Register, and individual agency web sites. For information on these and additional resources, see the listing of books, articles, and web sites below.", "About Grants.gov. Grants.gov is your place to FIND and APPLY for federal grants. The United States Department of Health and Human Services is proud to be the managing partner for Grants.gov. Learn more about Grants.gov. ", "Some state-sponsored or college-based grants will require additional applications for their grant funding, since many have academic requirements outside of any need-based qualifications. Pay attention to the details of each award you’re going for so that you don’t submit an incomplete application. The students in most financial need will be eligible for the most grant funding on the federal level. Federal Pell Grant recipients, for example, take into account both the student’s and that student’s parents’ income levels. Most Pell grant money goes to students with a total family income below $20,000.", "Grants.gov is the official government site for information on federal grants and funding. Managed by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the site offers a database of more than 1,000 grant programs administered by 26 federal grantmaking agencies, searchable by agency, category, eligibility or CFDA number. Other official sources of information on government funding include the Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance, the Federal Register, and individual agency web sites. For information on these and additional resources, see the listing of books, articles, and web sites below.", "1 A real government agency won't ask you to pay a processing fee for a grant that you have already been awarded—or to pay for a list of grant-making institutions. 2 Specifically, Federal government agencies and employees never ask people to wire money or use a prepaid debit card to pay for anything. 1 If you have to pay money to claim a free government grant, it isn't a government grant and it isn't really free. 2 " ], "url": [ "http://grantspace.org/tools/knowledge-base/Funding-Resources/Government-Funders/government-grants", "https://www.gov.uk/business-finance-explained/grants", "http://www.hhs.gov/grants/grants/avoid-grant-scams/index.html", "http://www.grants.gov/web/grants/applicants/organization-registration.html", "http://grantspace.org/tools/knowledge-base/Funding-Resources/Government-Funders/government-grants", "http://www.grants.gov/", "https://www.scholarships.com/financial-aid/grants/applying-for-grants/", "http://grantspace.org/tools/knowledge-base/Funding-Resources/Government-Funders/government-grants", "http://www.hhs.gov/grants/grants/avoid-grant-scams/index.html" ] }

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[ "It was a 15 year old car replaced the serpentine belt once because it broke when i had to have the water pump replaced. I drove it a long time before this happened." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "On a vehicle with a serpentine belt system there is always a tensioner pulley. Usually in the center of the routing network, you need to place the correct size wrench on it a … nd push or pull with one hand releasing the tension on the belt. With the tension released, use the other hand and slip the belt out. ) Belt tension of each belt is checked by pushing on the belt at a distance halfway between the pulleys (push firmly with your thumb and see how much the belt deflects) A rule of thumb is that if the distance from pulley centre is between 7 and 11 inches the belt should deflect 1/4 inch, 12 to 16 inches 1/2 inch.", "This is the belt on your car that drives the accessories. In order to technically be a serpentine belt, it must drive multiple accessories. Things like: 1 Power steering pump. 2 Alternator. 3 Air conditioning compressor. 4 Water pump. 5 Super charger. 6 Smog pump(this is an emissions control on older cars. Do you need a properly functioning belt, YES. Do you have to replace it right now, probably not. This is a part that I highly recommend you ask your mechanic to show you. If it looks like it is full of cracks, or is soaked in oil/coolant, replace it.", "Replacing the serpentine belt may cost from $75 to $250, depending on the car. Is it easy to replace the serpentine belt as a DIY project? If you have sufficient mechanical skills, proper tools and the belt routing diagram, it’s not very difficult. Your parts store may help you with the routing diagram and tools. ", "The point at which you should have your serpentine belt changed depends on the vehicle. It is best to check the owner's manual. That said, under the best of conditions, th … e belt should last from 60,000 to 100,000 miles, depending on the vehicle. Losen the idler then slide off the serpentine belt off. There should be a diagram for routing the belt if not draw a diagram before rem … oving it. Replace the serpentine belt crank it 2 or 3 times but don't start the engine.", "Answer by lynn (821). I'm not sure on this I think it probably depends on how much wear and tear is put on the car. I have a 15 year old car and to my knowledge replaced the serpentine belt once because it broke when i had to have the water pump replaced. I drove it a long time before this happened. add a comment.", "1 Hiring a mechanic to replace a serpentine belt typically costs about $60-$200 or more. 2 This includes $25-$75 for the belt plus half an hour to an hour of labor, at $75-$120 per hour. 3 The job could even take longer on some vehicles, if the belt is difficult to access or install quickly. ", "What you need is a ratchet 15mm socket. Losen the idler then slide off the serpentine belt off. There should be a diagram for routing the belt if not draw a diagram before rem … oving it. Replace the serpentine belt crank it 2 or 3 times but don't start the engine.", "Report Abuse. If you have that many cracks in one inch of the belt contact side it needs to be replaced. The belt costs about 30.00 and it is not hard to replace it yourself. labor at a shop would be about 1/2 and hour. John · 2 years ago.", "To decide if your belt needs replacing, simply look at the grooved side of the belt to see if it is cracking badly. A couple of cracks every 3 inches is normal, but if you see cracks every 1-2 inches I would recommend that you replace it. On most cars and trucks the procedure is basically the same. Losen the idler then slide off the serpentine belt off. There should be a diagram for routing the belt if not draw a diagram before rem … oving it. Replace the serpentine belt crank it 2 or 3 times but don't start the engine.", "Serpentine belts are built to last – much longer than before because of advancements in rubber technology. Under ideal conditions, a belt should stick with you for an average of 60,000 to 100,000 miles. Pretty impressive. However, some belts are manually tensioned and may need to be adjusted. Others have a self-tensioning mechanism that can experience wear over time and may need to be serviced. Some rides may have an additional belt to run select accessories, but the serpentine does the bulk of the work. Before this all-in-one serpentine solution, cars were equipped with many different belts to power individual parts and components. Get your engine belt inspected or replaced." ], "url": [ "http://www.answers.com/Q/When_do_you_replace_a_serpentine_belt", "http://humblemechanic.com/2012/12/03/does-my-car-really-need-this-service-serpentine-belt/", "http://www.testingautos.com/drive-belt-replaced", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_often_do_you_change_a_serpentine_belt", "http://snippets.com/how-often-does-a-serpentine-belt-need-to-be-replaced.htm", "http://cars.costhelper.com/serpentine-belt.html", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_often_do_you_change_a_serpentine_belt", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20130815082418AAMYR0j", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_often_do_you_change_a_serpentine_belt", "http://www.firestonecompleteautocare.com/cf/maintenance/your-cars-serpentine-belt/" ] }

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[ "The Roman hand abacus, a portable, but less capable, base-10 version of the previous Babylonian abacus. It was the first portable calculating device for engineers, merchants and presumably tax collectors." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The abacus (plural abaci or abacuses), also called a counting frame, is a calculating tool that was in use centuries before the adoption of the written modern numeral system and is still widely used by merchants, traders and clerks in Asia, Africa, and elsewhere. The Greek abacus was a table of wood or marble, pre-set with small counters in wood or metal for mathematical calculations. This Greek abacus saw use in Achaemenid Persia, the Etruscan civilization, Ancient Rome and, until the French Revolution, the Western Christian world.", "The Roman Abacus. The ancient Romans designed the first portable calculating device for use by moneychangers and bankers, businessmen, and engineers. This Roman abacus, made of bronze and dating from the second century CE, is currently on display at the Bibliotheque Bibliothèque nationale In. paris", "A reconstruction of a Roman hand abacus, made by the RGZ Museum in Mainz, 1977. The original is bronze and is held by the Bibliotheque bibliothèque nationale De, france In. Paris The Ancient romans developed The roman hand, abacus a, portable but less, capable-base 10 version of the Previous babylonian. abacus The name semuncia denotes 1/2 of an uncia or 1/24 of the base unit, the As. Likewise, the next character is that used to indicate a sicilicus or 1/48 of an As, which is 1/4 of an uncia. These two characters are to be found in the table of Roman fractions on page 75 of Graham Flegg's book.", "The Roman hand abacus had a lower groove which represents units and the beads in the upper grooves were in fives such that five units, five tens and so on. The groove values were marked by roman numerals. This was designed to bi-quinary coded decimal system. This counting board was the Roman hand abacus. Structure of Roman Abacus. The Roman Abacus was made of metal plate and this was where the beads ran in slots. The size of the abacus was such that it can fit into the pocket of a modern shirt.", "50 and 20. The diagram is based on the Roman hand abacus at the London Science Museum. The lower groove marked I indicates units, X tens, and so on up to millions. The beads in the upper shorter grooves denote fives—five units, five tens, etc. , essentially in a bi-quinary coded decimal place value system. The name semuncia denotes 1/2 of an uncia or 1/24 of the base unit, the As. Likewise, the next character is that used to indicate a sicilicus or 1/48 of an As, which is 1/4 of an uncia. These two characters are to be found in the table of Roman fractions on page 75 of Graham Flegg's book.", "The construction of roman abacus has seven longer and shorter grooves for whole number counting, the former having four beads while the latter has only one. The rightmost two grooves are used for fractional counting. Sponsored Links. The abacus was made of a metal sheet and the size was small enough to fit into a shirt pocket, almost like our modern day calculator. This device has helped the basic operation of roman arithmetic and roman numerals. The Romans are said to have a flourished economy, and they have discovered the hand abacus. It was almost a copy of the Babylonian abacus but the changes Romans have introduced for decimal system has helped the engineers a lot. In Rome the hand abacus was used by the engineers, merchants and the tax collectors.", "The abacus, called Suan-Pan in Chinese, as it appears today, was first chronicled circa 1200 C.E. in China. The device was made of wood with metal re-inforcements. On each rod, the classic Chinese abacus has 2 beads on the upper deck and 5 on the lower deck; such an abacus is also referred to as a 2/5 abacus. The 2/5 style survived unchanged until circa 1850 at which time the 1/5 (one bead on the top deck and five beads on the bottom deck) abacus appeared.", "The Ancient Romans developed the Roman hand abacus, a portable, but less capable, base-10 version of the previous Babylonian abacus. It was the first portable calculating device for engineers, merchants and presumably tax collectors. The name semuncia denotes 1/2 of an uncia or 1/24 of the base unit, the As. Likewise, the next character is that used to indicate a sicilicus or 1/48 of an As, which is 1/4 of an uncia. These two characters are to be found in the table of Roman fractions on page 75 of Graham Flegg's book.", "Chinese Abacus. The Abacus (Soroban in Japanese) is a very simple calculating tool, often constructed as a wooden frame with beads sliding on wires. The origin of the Abacus is unknown, for many different cultures are known to have used similar tool" ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abacus", "http://vroma.org/~bmcmanus/abacus.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_abacus", "http://www.abacuslessons.com/roman-abacus.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_abacus", "http://www.abacuslessons.com/what-is-roman-abacus.html", "http://www.ee.ryerson.ca/~elf/abacus/history.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_abacus", "http://wizardofmathsd.com/en/About" ] }

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[ "WONDERFLEX is an extruded thermoplastic composite sheet." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "With a little time, patience and experience the use of WONDERFLEX is truly “limited by your imagination”. Use traditional sculpting tools, a wooden tongue depressor, flat head srew driver, old spoons or whatever, to work more intricate areas.", "Wonderflex® is a thermoplastic-a type of plastic sheeting which can be softened and shaped under low heat to mould and form sculptural shapes. It sets hard and strong. It also becomes sticky when heated, so it bonds easily to other fabrics and surfaces. Wonderflex® contains three elements:", "WONDERFLEX is an extruded thermoplastic composite sheet. It is comprised of a unique synthetic polymer that when heated in the range of 150-170 degrees Fahrenheit (70-80 degrees C), will soften and activate a built in adhesive for molding and forming.", "WonderFlex. Expect the unexpected with top this of the line premium cotton/polyester/spandex stretch fabric. Scrub tops and scrub pants are designed with innovative and modern styling, including triple needle stitching, bar tacks, a bungee loop and signature pockets.", "Fosshape and Wonderflex. Those of you who’ve used Fosshape and Wonderflex know just how cool these products are for costuming and prop-making. Just a little steam, and the Fosshape transforms from a felt-like fabric into a shape-holding plastic. And Wonderflex is amazing too.", "SPECIAL-Wonderflex Tutorial Wonderflex is a thin plastic sheet with a layer of gauzelike fabric embedded into it. The plastic becomes malleable when heated at which point it can be shaped with one s fingers or over a mold.", "I mainly work with the termoplastic materials Worbla or Wonderflex. Wonderflex is the grey stuff, Worbla the brown one that looks like cookie dough. In addition I usually add a layer of craft foam between two layers of Worbla or Wonderflex to make them more sturdy and controllable.", "You have found the suppliers of all things WONDERFLEX® and FOSSHAPE®. Home of the leading heat activated composite material and heat activated fabric for theatre, costumes, millinery, mask or armor making, puppetry, props, cosplay, craft work, model making, set design, the entertainment industry and beyond." ], "url": [ "http://www.wonderflexworld.com/wonderflex-frequently-asked-questions/", "http://www.torbandreiner.com/MillineryMaterials/wonderflex", "http://www.wonderflexworld.com/wonderflex-frequently-asked-questions/", "http://www.tafford.com/wonderflex", "http://www.theengineerguy.com/Products_2/Fosshape-and-Wonderflex/", "http://www.amethyst-angel.com/cb/ffvii_cloudpauldron_wonderflex.html", "https://www.kamuicosplay.com/faq/", "http://www.wonderflexworld.com/" ] }

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[ "It is a hormone that supports the normal development of an egg in a woman's ovary, and stimulates the release of the egg during ovulation." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Human chorionic gonadotrophin is a reproductive hormone that is essential for establishing and maintaining early pregnancy. Alternative names for human chorionic gonadotrophin Human chorionic gonadotrophin; hCG; Novarel; Ovidrel; Pregnyl; A.P.L; Profasi; Chorex; Chorigon; Chorigon-10. ", "In fact, the Food and Drug Administration has advised consumers to steer clear of over-the-counter weight-loss products that contain HCG. HCG is human chorionic gonadotropin, a hormone produced during pregnancy. ", "In molecular biology, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a hormone produced by the syncytiotrophoblast, a portion of the placenta following implantation. The presence of hCG is detected in pregnancy tests. Some cancerous tumors produce this hormone; therefore, elevated levels measured when the patient is not pregnant can lead to a cancer diagnosis. However, it is not known whether this production is a contributing cause or an effect of tumorigenesis.", "Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG). Guide. The human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) test is done to check for the hormone hCG in blood or urine. Some hCG tests measure the exact amount and some just check to see if the hormone is present. HCG is made by the placenta during pregnancy. The hCG test can be used to see if a woman is pregnant or as part of a screening test for birth defects.", "Be the first to review this Drug. Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) is a natural hormone that doctors prescribe as an injectable drug with the brand names Pregnyl and Novarel, and in a related form called Ovidrel. HCG improves fertility by increasing sperm production in men and encouraging egg release in women. A: Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) is a hormone that supports the normal development of an egg in a woman's ovary, and stimulates the release of the egg during ovulation. HCG is used to cause ovulation and treat infertility in women and to increase sperm count in men.", "A: Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) is a hormone that supports the normal development of an egg in a woman's ovary, and stimulates the release of the egg during ovulation. It can be used to cause ovulation and to treat infertility in women, and to increase sperm count in men. It is not indicated for weight loss. A: Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) is a hormone that supports the normal development of an egg in a woman's ovary, and stimulates the release of the egg during ovulation. HCG is used to cause ovulation and treat infertility in women", "A: HCG, or human chorionic gonadotropin, is a hormone that is naturally produced during pregnancy to help maintain pregnancy. HCG levels are often measured, in the blood or urine, as a test to confirm a pregnancy. A: Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) is a hormone that supports the normal development of an egg in a woman's ovary, and stimulates the release of the egg during ovulation. HCG is used to cause ovulation and treat infertility in women and to increase sperm count in men.", "Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) is a hormone produced by the human placenta and found in the urine of pregnant women. HCG is FDA-approved for the treatment of select cases of female infertility and hormone treatment in men. Currently, there are no FDA-approved HCG drug products for weight loss. HCG has not been demonstrated to be effective therapy in the treatment of obesity. There is no substantial evidence that HCG increases", "OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of altering the timing of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration on the clinical outcome of in vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) using gonadotropic hormone releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist or antagonist. Intrauterine insemination (IUI) is an assisted reproduction procedure that places sperm directly into the uterus. Timing of IUI can be performed with hormone (luteinising hormone) detection in urine or blood, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) injection and other more infrequently used methods." ], "url": [ "http://www.yourhormones.info/hormones/human_chorionic_gonadotrophin.aspx", "http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/weight-loss/expert-answers/hcg-diet/faq-20058164", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_chorionic_gonadotropin", "http://www.webmd.com/baby/human-chorionic-gonadotropin-hcg", "http://www.everydayhealth.com/drugs/hcg", "http://www.everydayhealth.com/drugs/hcg", "http://www.everydayhealth.com/drugs/hcg", "http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/ResourcesForYou/Consumers/BuyingUsingMedicineSafely/MedicationHealthFraud/ucm281834.htm", "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMHT0000408/" ] }

[]

[ "West Midlands region of England." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "About Warwickshire. Warwickshire, in the heart of England, is one of the most popular and most visited counties in the country. It is most famous for it's castle 'Warwick Castle' one of the great fortresses of Europe. Built on a hill top first fortified by William the Conquerer in 1068. Warwick Castle is a must visit when travelling to England, and there is much to discover in the town of Warwick itself. Kenilworth is a pleasant town located in the spacious Warwickshire countryside, it is a town with an 'air of gentility' that tells you that this is a prosperous place with a long, illustrious history... Information | Pictures (70) | Hotels.", "Coventry is effectively in the centre of the Warwickshire area, and still has strong ties with the county. Coventry and Warwickshire are sometimes treated as a single area and share a single Chamber of Commerce and BBC Local Radio Station (BBC Coventry & Warwickshire). There are 3 clubs who include the word Warwickshire within their names: Olton & West Warwickshire, Coventry & North Warwickshire, and Rugby & East Warwickshire, though it is not certain where these claims to regional areas within the County came from.", "Rugby is a city/town with a small population in the state/region of Warwickshire, England which is located in the continent/region of Europe. Cities, towns and places near Rugby include Long Lawford, Dunchurch, Wolston and Lutterworth. The closest major cities include Leicester, Birmingham, Derby and Wolverhampton. ", "Map of Warwickshire. This map of Warwickshire illustrates the layout of the province, its borders with other districts and the main courses of water in the area. If you know a lot about your destination and its surroundings, then it is easy to find the appropriate hotel or an affordable car hire service. You can use this map of Warwickshire, either as an online guide or you can print it and take it with you during your travels. Either way, this map of Warwickshire will help make your trip as comfortable as possible.", "Rugby is a market town in Warwickshire, England, on the River Avon. The town has a population of 70,628 (2011 census) making it the second largest town in the county. The enclosing Borough of Rugby has a population of 100,500 (2011 census). Rugby is 13 miles (21 km) east of Coventry, on the eastern edge of Warwickshire, near the borders with Northamptonshire and Leicestershire. The town is credited with being the birthplace of rugby football", "Warwickshire is a state/region with a small population in the country of England which is located in the continent/region of Europe. Its biggest cities and towns include Nuneaton, Rugby, Royal Leamington Spa and Bedworth. ", "Warwickshire (/ˈwɒrɨkʃə/ or /ˈwɒrɨkʃɪər/) is a landlocked non-metropolitan county in the West Midlands region of England. The county town is Warwick, although the largest town is Nuneaton. There are 3 clubs who include the word Warwickshire within their names: Olton & West Warwickshire, Coventry & North Warwickshire, and Rugby & East Warwickshire, though it is not certain where these claims to regional areas within the County came from.", "The only town in the south of Warwickshire is Shipston-on-Stour. The highest point in the county, at 261 m (856 ft), is Ebrington Hill, again on the border with Gloucestershire, grid reference SP187426 at the county's southwest extremity. There are 3 clubs who include the word Warwickshire within their names: Olton & West Warwickshire, Coventry & North Warwickshire, and Rugby & East Warwickshire, though it is not certain where these claims to regional areas within the County came from.", "The county is divided into five districts of North Warwickshire, Nuneaton & Bedworth, Rugby, Warwick and Stratford-on-Avon. The current county boundaries were set in 1974 by the Local Government Act 1972. The historic county boundaries also included Coventry and Solihull, as well as much of Birmingham. There are 3 clubs who include the word Warwickshire within their names: Olton & West Warwickshire, Coventry & North Warwickshire, and Rugby & East Warwickshire, though it is not certain where these claims to regional areas within the County came from." ], "url": [ "http://www.picturesofengland.com/Warwickshire/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warwickshire", "http://www.gomapper.com/travel/where-is/rugby-located.html", "http://www.maps-of-britain.co.uk/map-of-warwickshire.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rugby,_Warwickshire", "http://www.gomapper.com/travel/where-is/warwickshire-located.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warwickshire", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warwickshire", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warwickshire" ] }

[]

[ "3 to 6 minutes" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "3. After five to ten minutes of not breathing, you are likely to develop serious and possibly irreversible brain damage. The one exception is when a younger person stops breathing and also becomes very cold at the same time. This can occur when a child is suddenly plunged into very cold water and drowns. In this situation, survival after more than 30 minutes has been known to occur", "About 6 minutes before brain cells start to die. If a person has a cardiac arrest resuscitation has to begin within this time to be successful. The time may be prolonged if the body is cooled, for example by drowning in ice cold water. As mentioned, temperature (specifically metabolism) plays a very big role in how long you can go without oxygen, but as general guideline: Thus, the main areas of concern is the heart and the brain. A human body ca only live for six minutes without oxygen, before the brain cells start to die", "The brain can be deprived of oxygen for three to six minutes before permanent damage occurs, though this can be extended in scenarios that involve a sudden immersion in cold water. Some patients can regain cognitive functions if their oxygen-deprived brain is treated promptly. Death is usually declared once the brain has gone more than 15 minutes without oxygen. Although the brain can only go a few minutes without oxygen before some type of brain damage occurs, patients can often regain cognitive function if treated quickly. The severity of long-term complications is usually in direct correlation with the length of time the person has gone without oxygen", "In general, the brain can withstand up to three to six minutes without oxygen before brain damage occurs, but this may vary from person to person. If the brain goes without oxygen longer than this, serious and often irreversible damage is likely to take place. Death is usually declared once the brain has gone more than 15 minutes without oxygen. Although the brain can only go a few minutes without oxygen before some type of brain damage occurs, patients can often regain cognitive function if treated quickly. The severity of long-term complications is usually in direct correlation with the length of time the person has gone without oxygen", "3. Oxygen: Oxygen is crucial to sustaining life. Though it varies from person to person, on an average, 3 minutes is the maximum time where the person can stay alive without oxygen. Yoga and meditation experts may hold breath for longer than this, but these are very rare examples. ", "Usually a person can only survive 3 minutes without breathing, although there are women divers In Japan and other countries who dive for abalone or pearls who are able to survive for 5 minutes at a time, even diving to a depth of 100 feet, on a single breath, though this requires years of training. Conclusion: If we can only survive a month or two at the most without food, and only 3-10 days at the most without water, and 3 22 minutes at the most without air (breath), we must understand that these are the physical requirements of our physical body to sustain physical life.", "1 The brain cannot store oxygen. 2 A person can feel a lack of oxygen after only a few seconds. 3 When someone stands up too quickly and becomes dizzy, this is an example of the loss of blood flow to the brain that can be sensed. 4 The brain cannot store glucose (blood sugar). The brain can survive for up to about six minutes after the heart stops. The reason to learn cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is that if CPR is started within six minutes of cardiac arrest, the brain may survive the lack of oxygen.", "The human body needs oxygen to sustain itself. The decrease of oxygen to at least one body part is known as hypoxia. The total lack of oxygen is known as anoxia. Brain cells are destroyed after 4 to 6 minutes without oxygen. When the flow of oxygen to the brain is completely cut off, a person will lose consciousness within 10 seconds. Extended hypoxia leads to brain damage and ultimately death. Causes. The brain is the body's largest user of oxygen, even though it makes up less than 5 percent of the body's weight. The brain consumes 20 percent of the body's needed oxygen. Cerebral hypoxia is the deficiency of needed oxygen to the brain." ], "url": [ "http://www.transweb.org/faq/q3.shtml", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_long_can_the_human_body_live_without_oxygen", "http://www.wisegeek.org/how-long-can-the-brain-be-without-oxygen-before-brain-damage.htm", "http://www.wisegeek.org/how-long-can-the-brain-be-without-oxygen-before-brain-damage.htm", "http://www.justforhearts.org/2013/08/for-how-long-a-person-can-survive-without-oxygen-water-food/", "http://www.goodnewsaboutgod.com/studies/spiritual/home_study/live_breath.htm", "http://science.howstuffworks.com/life/inside-the-mind/human-brain/brain-death1.htm", "http://www.ehow.com/about_5506985_long-can-brain-survive-oxygen.html" ] }

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[ "No" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "A. Yes, if you choose your dried fruits wisely. In its purest form, dried fruit is just fresh fruit with the water removed. Dehydration, in fact, causes some nutrients to become more concentrated.", "1 Select the best fruit and vegetables! 2 As with canning and freezing, dehydrated foods are only as good as the fresh fruit or vegetables. 3 When selecting fruits and vegetables for dehydration, choose ones that are ripe, unbruised and at peak-eating quality. 4 Prepare foods to be dehydrated as you want them to be served.", "Most vegetables, with the exception of onions, mushrooms and tomatoes, should be blanched briefly before being dehydrated to limit discoloration and the risk of food-borne illnesses. You can dehydrate tomatoes, carrots, beets, greens, beans, squash, onions, peas, celery, corn, pumpkin and broccoli with good results. When they are finished, they will be brittle and hard. You can eat the dried vegetables like veggie chips or use them in main dishes like soups and stews.", "A food dehydrator enables you to preserve fresh, nutritious foods in your own home at a fraction of the cost. The shelf lives of dehydrated foods can be decades long. Add your favorite nuts to dehydrated apples, pineapples, grapes, or cranberries for a tasty and healthy trail mix.", "1 As with canning and freezing, dehydrated foods are only as good as the fresh fruit or vegetables. 2 When selecting fruits and vegetables for dehydration, choose ones that are ripe, unbruised and at peak-eating quality. 3 Prepare foods to be dehydrated as you want them to be served.", "It's easy to dehydrate your own fruit at home. Dehydrating foods makes them lighter and easier to store. They will take up less space and be less likely to spoil than fresh foods. Foods can be dehydrated with the intention of rehydrating them later or with the intention of eating them in dried form. A wide variety of foods is suited for this type of treatment, including fruits, vegetables, meats and even main dishes that you cook at home.", "For the same fresh plums, you are eating 16% of your daily needs for vitamin C, but when dried, you are getting only 1%. It is also important to note that a single serving of fresh fruit is 1 cup, but when fruit has been dehydrated, a single serving is only one half of a cup." ], "url": [ "http://www.realsimple.com/food-recipes/shopping-storing/food/healthy-dried-fruit", "http://www.pickyourown.org/dryingfoods.htm", "http://healthyeating.sfgate.com/yummy-foods-dehydrate-1782.html", "http://www.livestrong.com/article/254798-health-benefits-of-a-food-dehydrator/", "http://www.pickyourown.org/dryingfoods.htm", "http://healthyeating.sfgate.com/yummy-foods-dehydrate-1782.html", "http://www.fitday.com/fitness-articles/nutrition/healthy-eating/12-healthiest-dried-fruits.html" ] }

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[ "All types of muscles consist of muscle fibers. Striated muscle fibers in skeletal muscles form bundles joined together by layers of connective tissue. The ends of muscle fibers are intertwined with tendon fibers, and through this combination muscular tension is transmitted to the skeletal bones." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "muscle. the contractile tissue that effects the movement of and within the body. Muscle tissue in the higher animals is classified as striated, smooth, or cardiac, according to its structure and function. Striated, or skeletal, muscle forms the bulk of the body's muscle tissue and gives the body its general shape. Cardiac muscle. Cardiac muscle has many properties in common with smooth muscle; for example, it is innervated by the autonomic system and retains the ability to contract spontaneously. Presumably, cardiac muscle evolved as a specialized type from the general smooth muscle of the circulatory vessels.", "(Published: February 11, 2013). The following CDC scientific articles are listed in order of date published from present to 2008. Corticosteroid Treatments in Males with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: Treatment Duration and Time to Loss of Ambulation. Journal of Child Neurology 2014 Nov 20 [Epub ahead of print]. ", "All types of muscles consist of muscle fibers. Striated muscle fibers in skeletal muscles form bundles joined together by layers of connective tissue. The ends of muscle fibers are intertwined with tendon fibers, and through this combination muscular tension is transmitted to the skeletal bones. Cardiac muscle. Cardiac muscle has many properties in common with smooth muscle; for example, it is innervated by the autonomic system and retains the ability to contract spontaneously. Presumably, cardiac muscle evolved as a specialized type from the general smooth muscle of the circulatory vessels.", "Muscular hypertrophy is an increase in muscle mass and cross-sectional area (1). The increase in dimension is due to an increase in the size (not length) of individual muscle fibers. Both cardiac (heart) and skeletal muscle adapt to regular, increasing work loads that exceed the preexisting capacity of the muscle fiber. It is important to emphasize the point that this process is not creating more skeletal muscle fibers (in humans), but increasing the size and number of contractile proteins (actin and myosin) within the muscle fiber (see Table 1. for a summary of changes that occur to muscle fibers as they hypertrophy).", "Biomechanics of Skeletal Muscles is the third volume in the Biomechanics of Human Motion series. Advanced readers in human movement science gain a comprehensive understanding of the biomechanics of human motion as presented by one of the world’s foremost researchers on the subject, Dr. Vladimir Zatsiorsky.", "The basic function of muscle is to generate force. Secondarily, muscles can provide some shape and form to the organism. Anatomically and functionally, muscle can be divided into two types, smooth and striated. Striated or striped muscle can be further divided into skeletal muscle and cardiac (heart) muscle.", "Therefore, cortisol breaks down muscle proteins, inhibiting skeletal muscle hypertrophy (10). Testosterone Testosterone is an androgen, or a male sex hormone. The primary physiological role of androgens are to promote the growth and development of male organs and characteristics. It is important to emphasize the point that this process is not creating more skeletal muscle fibers (in humans), but increasing the size and number of contractile proteins (actin and myosin) within the muscle fiber (see Table 1. for a summary of changes that occur to muscle fibers as they hypertrophy).", "Type I Fibers Type I fibers, also known as slow twitch oxidative muscle fibers, are primaritly responsible for maintenance of body posture and skeletal support. The soleus is an example of a predominantly slow-twitch muscle fiber. It is important to emphasize the point that this process is not creating more skeletal muscle fibers (in humans), but increasing the size and number of contractile proteins (actin and myosin) within the muscle fiber (see Table 1. for a summary of changes that occur to muscle fibers as they hypertrophy).", "Richly illustrated and presented in concise language, Biomechanics of Skeletal Muscles provides an explanation of whole muscle biomechanics at work in the body in motion. It addresses both the mechanical behavior of single muscles and the various issues of muscle functioning during human motion. Advanced readers in human movement science gain a comprehensive understanding of the biomechanics of human motion as presented by one of the world’s foremost researchers on the subject, Dr. Vladimir Zatsiorsky.", "Using a blend of experimental evidence and mechanical models, Biomechanics of Skeletal Muscles provides an explanation of whole muscle biomechanics at work in the body in motion. The book first addresses the mechanical behavior of single muscles—from the sarcomere level up to the entire muscle. Advanced readers in human movement science gain a comprehensive understanding of the biomechanics of human motion as presented by one of the world’s foremost researchers on the subject, Dr. Vladimir Zatsiorsky." ], "url": [ "http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Characteristics+of+muscle", "http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/musculardystrophy/articles.html", "http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Characteristics+of+muscle", "http://www.unm.edu/~lkravitz/Article%20folder/hypertrophy.html", "http://www.humankinetics.com/products/all-products/Biomechanics-of-Skeletal-Muscles", "http://www.humankinetics.com/excerpts/excerpts/muscle-structure-and-function", "http://www.unm.edu/~lkravitz/Article%20folder/hypertrophy.html", "http://www.unm.edu/~lkravitz/Article%20folder/hypertrophy.html", "http://www.humankinetics.com/products/all-products/Biomechanics-of-Skeletal-Muscles", "http://www.humankinetics.com/products/all-products/Biomechanics-of-Skeletal-Muscles" ] }

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[ "A derivational suffix (such as the addition of-ly to an adjective to form an adverb) and An inflectional suffix (such as the addition of-s to a noun to form a plural)." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Definition. A suffix is a letter or group of letters added to the end of a word or root (i.e., a base form), serving to form a new word or functioning as an inflectional ending. Adjective: suffixal. There are two primary types of suffixes in English: 1 A derivational suffix (such as the addition of-ly to an adjective to form an adverb) indicates what type of word it is. 2 An inflectional suffix (such as the addition of-s to a noun to form a plural) tells something about the word's grammatical behavior.", "Definition. A suffix is an important component of word meaning which is added to the end of a word. A suffix follows a root word, and the suffix modifies the meaning of the root word. It's important to note that suffixes usually don't radically alter the meaning of a word, they just modify it.", "1 A derivational suffix (such as the addition of-ly to an adjective to form an adverb) indicates what type of word it is. 2 An inflectional suffix (such as the addition of-s to a noun to form a plural) tells something about the word's grammatical behavior.", "List of English Suffixes. Our suffix word lists are the second part of our comprehensive root word tables : Suffixes are word endings that add a certain meaning to the word. Click on the icon to the left and add the suffix list to your LearnThatWord profile for personalized review.", "1 Not all suffixes can be added to all roots. 2 For example, the adjective beautiful is formed by adding the suffix-ful to the noun beauty, and the noun ugliness is formed by adding the suffix-ness to the adjective ugly. 3 But you won't find * ugliful in your dictionary--or in standard English.", "Suffixes. A suffix is a group of letters placed at the end of a word to make a new word. A suffix can make a new word in one of two ways: 1 inflectional (grammatical): for example, changing singular to plural (dog → dog s), or changing present tense to past tense (walk → walk ed).", "Definition & List of Suffixes. Definition of Suffixes:A term for fixing one or more letters or syllables to the end of words tomodify their signification. Examples: End a word with 'less' as in homeless, careless." ], "url": [ "http://grammar.about.com/od/rs/g/suffixterm.htm", "http://study.com/academy/lesson/what-are-suffixes-examples-definition-quiz.html", "http://grammar.about.com/od/rs/g/suffixterm.htm", "https://www.learnthat.org/pages/view/suffix.html", "http://grammar.about.com/od/words/a/comsuffixes.htm", "https://www.englishclub.com/vocabulary/suffixes.htm", "http://englishlanguageterminology.org/definition-of-words/list-of-suffixes.htm" ] }

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[ "No" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "We hope to one day restore vision lost from glaucoma, but that can't presently be done. Existing treatments slow the process for most patients so no meaningful vision loss occurs in their lifetime. There are, however, several potential avenues to a cure. ", "Open-angle glaucoma. Chronic open-angle glaucoma is the most common form of glaucoma. The open drainage angle of the eye can become blocked leading to gradual increased eye pressure. If this increased pressure results in optic nerve damage, it is known as chronic open-angle glaucoma. The optic nerve carries images from the retina, which is the specialized light sensing tissue, to the brain so we can see. In glaucoma, eye pressure plays a role in damaging the delicate nerve fibers of the optic nerve. When a significant number of nerve fibers are damaged, blind spots develop in the field of vision.", "There is no cure (yet) for glaucoma. Glaucoma is not curable, and vision lost cannot be regained. With medication and/or surgery, it is possible to halt further loss of vision. Since open-angle glaucoma is a chronic condition, it must be monitored for life. Diagnosis is the first step to preserving your vision. 1. Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness. Glaucoma can cause blindness if it is left untreated. And unfortunately approximately 10% of people with glaucoma who receive proper treatment still experience", "Glaucoma is the term used to describe a number of related conditions that cause damage to the optic nerve, which transmits information from the eye to the brain. It usually (but not always) is associated with high intraocular pressure (IOP). Ocular hypertension is another term for high eye pressure. In ocular hypertension, IOP is higher than normal but does not cause optic nerve damage and vision loss. Ocular hypertension is a risk factor for glaucoma and should be monitored closely.", "TREATING GLAUCOMA. Glaucoma can be treated with eye drops, pills, laser surgery, traditional surgery or a combination of these methods. The goal of any treatment is to prevent loss of vision, as vision loss from glaucoma is irreversible. The good news is that glaucoma can be managed if detected early, and that with medical and/or surgical treatment, most people with glaucoma will not lose their sight.", "Glaucoma is a group of diseases that damage the eye’s optic nerve and can result in vision loss and blindness. However, with early detection and treatment, you can often protect your eyes against serious vision loss. The optic nerve. The optic nerve is a bundle of more than 1 million nerve fibers. When the optic nerve is damaged from increased pressure, open-angle glaucoma-and vision loss—may result. That’s why controlling pressure inside the eye is important. Another risk factor for optic nerve damage relates to blood pressure.", "BACKGROUND: Glaucoma is a complicated disease where damage to the optic nerve leads to progressive, irreversible vision loss. It is the second most common cause of blindness in the United States. Everyone is at risk for glaucoma, there may be no symptoms to warn you, and there is no cure for the disease. It can rob you of your sight before you even know there's a problem. In its most common form glaucoma has virtually no symptoms and there's no cure, but a new trial is helping patients attack the condition non-stop.", "Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases causing optic nerve damage. The optic nerve carries images from the retina, which is the specialized light sensing tissue, to the brain so we can see. In glaucoma, eye pressure plays a role in damaging the delicate nerve fibers of the optic nerve. When a significant number of nerve fibers are damaged, blind spots develop in the field of vision. Once nerve damage and visual loss occur, it is permanent", "Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases which result in damage to the optic nerve and vision loss. A major risk factor is increased pressure in the eye. The disorders can be roughly divided into two main categories: open-angle and closed-angle (or angle closure ) glaucoma. The many different subtypes of glaucoma can all be considered to be a type of optic neuropathy. The nerve damage involves loss of retinal ganglion cells in a characteristic pattern. Raised intraocular pressure (above 21 mmHg or 2.8 kPa) is the most important and only modifiable risk factor for glaucoma.", "Depending upon the type of glaucoma, treatment may include medication, usually prescription eyedrops, or surgery to lower the pressure in the eye and prevent further damag … e to the optic nerve. While there is no cure as yet for glaucoma, early diagnosis and continuing treatment can preserve eyesight. " ], "url": [ "http://www.glaucoma.org/research/can-glaucoma-be-cured.php", "http://kellogg.umich.edu/patientcare/conditions/glaucoma.html", "http://www.glaucoma.org/glaucoma/glaucoma-facts-and-stats.php", "http://www.allaboutvision.com/faq/glaucoma.htm", "https://www.glaucomafoundation.org/treating_glaucoma.htm", "https://nei.nih.gov/health/glaucoma/glaucoma_facts", "http://www.wndu.com/mmm/headlines/Doctors-might-have-found-a-cure-for-glaucoma-163214316.html", "http://kellogg.umich.edu/patientcare/conditions/glaucoma.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glaucoma", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Is_glaucoma_curable" ] }

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[ "A finite ordered list of elements." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "A tuple is a finite ordered list of elements. In mathematics, an n-tuple is a sequence (or ordered list) of n elements, where n is a non-negative integer. There is only one 0-tuple, an empty sequence. An n-tuple is defined inductively using the construction of an ordered pair.", "The most common used in general mathematics, database theory, etc. Intuitive: a n-tuple is a composite with n elements. t = (x1, x2, ..., xn). (2) In axiomatic set theory the above definition is typically not used because students are introduced to function as a special kind of relation and relation is a set of tuples. So the following technical trick is used:", "tu·ple. n. A generalization of ordered pairs, such as (-3, 4), and ordered triples, such as (0, -3, 5), in any dimension. An n-tuple is an ordered list of n numbers and can represent a point in n-dimensional space. [From. , as in quintuple or sextuple .].", "1) In programming languages, such as Lisp, Python, Linda, and others, a tuple (pronounced TUH-pul) is an ordered set of values. The separator for each value is often a comma (depending on the rules of the particular language)." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuple", "http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?TupleDefinition", "http://www.thefreedictionary.com/tuple", "http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/tuple" ] }

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[ "27 inches to 32 inches tall." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "According to the professionals at Shades of Light, The correct height of the table lamp is determined by the seating piece and the height of the table beside it. The table lamp should be tall enough for the bottom of the lampshade to come to the eye level of the person seated", "Base the height of your lamp on the height and size of your bedside tables and bed. For 24- to 30-inch nightstands, opt for a lamp that is 27 to 32 inches tall.", "Nightstand or Table Relation. The height of the ideal bedside lamp for your room depends upon the nightstand or table upon which the lamp sits. If the nightstand is tall, such as 25 to 30 inches, the lamp should be in the 30-inch range in order to look proportional against a headboard or the room in general.", "For example, if the base length is 16 inches, the shade should measure 10 to 14 inches long. This results in a fixture about 24 inches tall; another way to calculate this is that the shade is about one-third of the total height, and should cover the light bulbhardware on the top of the lamp base.", "Lamps on bedside tables for example can have a scale and size that is proportionate to the height of the ceiling and the headboard or treatment on the bed wall. If your nightstand is 24” to 30” tall, Lamps should be at least 27” – 32” tall. Shorter nightstands, such as a low profile modern style that is only 18” TO 20” off the floor, call for a taller lamp to equal the visual proportion if the headboard is higher than 36” above the nightstand top.", "The size of your lamp should be based upon the size of the bedside table it sits upon and the height of the headboard. If your nightstand is 24 to 30 inches tall, the ideal height for a lamp is 27 to 32 inches tall, advises the website William Miller Design.", "A bedside table lamp should not be too large or too small, but a happy medium. The size of your lamp should be based upon the size of the bedside table it sits upon. According to William Miller Design, if your nightstand is 24 inches to 30 inches tall, the ideal height for a lamp is 27 inches to 32 inches tall." ], "url": [ "http://www.ehow.com/decision_7230708_tall-should-table-lamp-be_.html", "http://babychangingtable01.blogspot.com/2014/02/how-tall-should-bedside-lamp-be.html", "http://homeguides.sfgate.com/recommended-height-bedroom-lamp-83615.html", "http://homeguides.sfgate.com/choose-correct-size-table-lamp-39332.html", "http://williammillerdesign.blogspot.com/2008/10/how-tall-should-bedside-lamp-be.html", "http://www.ehow.com/decision_6897965_tall-should-bedside-lamp-be_.html", "http://babychangingtable01.blogspot.com/2014/02/how-tall-should-bedside-lamp-be.html" ] }

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[ "It usually works in the administrative department of a medical institution, or for an agency that has been hired by a medical institution to perform coding audits." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "A clinical coder – also known as clinical coding officer, diagnostic coder, medical coder or medical records technician – is a health care professional whose main duties are to analyse clinical statements and assign standard codes using a classification system. ", "Medical auditing entails conducting internal or external reviews of coding accuracy, policies, and procedures to ensure you are running an efficient and hopefully liability-free operation. As a medical auditor, you’ll focus on practice areas such as: 1 Compliance and regulatory guidelines. 2 Coding concepts. 3 Scope and statistical sampling methodologies. 4 Medical record auditing skills and abstraction ability.", "A medical auditor works in the health care field to determine that information coding systems and organization techniques are accurate. For example, as a medical auditor you might be charged with making sure that coding guidelines are current according to government regulations. If there are any flaws in the system, you can suggest and implement corrections. Since the AAPC (www.aapc.com) recognizes billing and coding as fields similar to medical auditing, educational programs in these concentrations might also lead to a career as a medical auditor. You can find medical billing and coding programs at both associate's degree and certificate levels of education.", "Coders work in a variety of settings and their individual workdays differ based on size of facility, type of physician, etc.. The following example outlines what may be a typical day in the life of a Medical Coder. After settling into work and grabbing a cup of coffee the medical coder usually begins the workday by reviewing the previous day's batch of patient notes to be coded.", "To help medical professional maximize coding and billing efficiency and quality of care through auditing, AAPC has the Certified Professional Medical Auditor (CPMA®) credential. The CPMA® will help you determine key areas of weakness in your practice, so you can provide detailed recommendations to resolve them. As a medical auditor, you’ll focus on practice areas such as: 1 Compliance and regulatory guidelines. 2 Coding concepts. 3 Scope and statistical sampling methodologies. 4 Medical record auditing skills and abstraction ability.", "The goals of an audit are to provide efficient and better delivery of care and to improve the financial health of your medical provider. Medical record audits specifically target and evaluate procedural and diagnosis code selection as determined by physician documentation. As a medical auditor, you’ll focus on practice areas such as: 1 Compliance and regulatory guidelines. 2 Coding concepts. 3 Scope and statistical sampling methodologies. 4 Medical record auditing skills and abstraction ability.", "Job Description for Medical Coding Auditor. Read More... A medical coding auditor usually works in the administrative department of a medical institution, or for an agency that has been hired by a medical institution to perform coding audits. The job is usually carried out within an office environment, though many positions allow the auditor to work from home. Medical Coding Auditor Tasks. 1 Contribute to the development of codes for patient billing. 2 Conduct analyses to evaluate the accuracy and efficiency of coding practices. 3 Review the work of coding clerks to verify accuracy of coding and that patients are billed correctly.", "It would be wise to err on the side of caution since medical credentials (RN, LPN, MD) do not automatically mean the person is a qualified coding auditor. If your facility does not have a staff member qualified to perform internal audits, consider engaging a consultant and/or company with expertise in ASC auditing. Facilities should adopt a standardized method to measure coding quality performance. A coding audit will serve as a baseline indicator of coding accuracy, first by identifying root causes for coding errors, which should decrease variance and increase reliability.", "While RAC audits and accurate Medicare reimbursements are a primary focus for many ASCs, coding errors do occur amongst the varying commercial payers. Keep in mind all financial classes, whether Medicare or commercial, when determining your initial baseline audit. Facilities should adopt a standardized method to measure coding quality performance. A coding audit will serve as a baseline indicator of coding accuracy, first by identifying root causes for coding errors, which should decrease variance and increase reliability." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinical_coder", "https://www.aapc.com/medical-auditing/medical-auditing.aspx", "http://learn.org/articles/Medical_Auditor_Education_Requirements_Answers_To_Your_Questions.html", "https://www.aapc.com/what-does-a-medical-coder-do.aspx", "https://www.aapc.com/medical-auditing/medical-auditing.aspx", "https://www.aapc.com/medical-auditing/medical-auditing.aspx", "http://www.payscale.com/research/US/Job=Medical_Coding_Auditor/Salary", "http://www.beckersasc.com/asc-coding-billing-and-collections/10-best-practices-for-establishing-internal-coding-audits.html", "http://www.beckersasc.com/asc-coding-billing-and-collections/10-best-practices-for-establishing-internal-coding-audits.html" ] }

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[ "Schwann cells" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "An axon (from Greek ἄξων axōn, áxōn), axis is a, long slender projection of a nerve, cell or, neuron that typically conducts electrical impulses away from the'neuron s cell. Body myelinated axons are known as nerve. fibers Axon dysfunction causes many inherited and acquired neurological disorders which can affect both the peripheral and central neurons. An axon is one of two types of protoplasmic protrusions that extrude from the cell body of a neuron, the other type being dendrites.", "Cells of the Nervous System. The nervous system is made up of two types of cells: neurons and glia. Neurons Neurons are the fundamental cellular unit of the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS). Essential features of neurons: 1 The purpose of neurons is to receive, process, and transfer information. 2 This information is made up of chemical or electrical signals.", "Similar in function to oligodendrocytes, Schwann cells provide myelination to axons in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). They also have phagocytotic activity and clear cellular debris that allows for regrowth of PNS neurons. In the central nervous system (CNS), glia suppress repair. Glial cells known as astrocytes enlarge and proliferate to form a scar and produce inhibitory molecules that inhibit regrowth of a damaged or severed axon. In the peripheral nervous system (PNS), glial cells known as Schwann cells promote repair.", "An axon (from Greek ἄξων axōn, áxōn), axis is a, long slender projection of a nerve, cell or, neuron that typically conducts electrical impulses away from the'neuron s cell. body Axon dysfunction causes many inherited and acquired neurological disorders which can affect both the peripheral and central neurons. An axon is one of two types of protoplasmic protrusions that extrude from the cell body of a neuron, the other type being dendrites.", "1 Ganglia-groups of neuron cell bodies that lie peripheral to the central nervous system in vertebrates. 2 Bipolar neurons-cell body located near the middle of the axon; characteristic of retinal neurons. 3 Unipolar neurons-cell body lies off to one side of axon; characteristic of sensory neurons. 1 Oligodendrocytes-neuroglial cells of ectodermal origin that myelinate axons in the central nervous system and forms the white matter of the central nervous system (unmyelinated axons are grey matter. 2 Astrocytes-star-shaped nutritive and supportive glia cells of the central nervous system.", "Schwann cells, in the peripheral nervous system, and oligodendrocytes, in the central nervous system, wrap around the axons of neurons to form myelin sheaths. Myelin sheaths are electrical insulators and prevent current from leaving axons. Nerve fibers are found in the peripheral nervous system and central nervous system. In the peripheral nervous system, Schwann cells form the sheath around axons, and each Schwann cell forms the sheath for just one neuron.", "Ganglion-group of neuron cell bodies that lie peripheral to the central nervous system in vertebrates. Neuroglia-cells in the central nervous system that help to support, protect and maintain the neurons. Microglia-small neuroglial cells of mesodermal origin, some of which are phagocytic. 1 Oligodendrocytes-neuroglial cells of ectodermal origin that myelinate axons in the central nervous system and forms the white matter of the central nervous system (unmyelinated axons are grey matter. 2 Astrocytes-star-shaped nutritive and supportive glia cells of the central nervous system.", "An axon (from Greek ἄξων axōn, áxōn), axis is a, long slender projection of a nerve, cell or, neuron that typically conducts electrical impulses away from the'neuron s cell. Body myelinated axons are known as nerve. Fibers the function of the axon is to transmit information to different, neurons muscles and. glands Axon dysfunction causes many inherited and acquired neurological disorders which can affect both the peripheral and central neurons. An axon is one of two types of protoplasmic protrusions that extrude from the cell body of a neuron, the other type being dendrites.", "1 Node of Ranvier-regions of the axon that lie between the Schwann cells where the plasma membrane of a myelinated axon is close to the extracellular fluid. 2 Neuroglia-cells in the central nervous system that help to support, protect, nourish, and maintain the neurons (Fig. 1 Oligodendrocytes-neuroglial cells of ectodermal origin that myelinate axons in the central nervous system and forms the white matter of the central nervous system (unmyelinated axons are grey matter. 2 Astrocytes-star-shaped nutritive and supportive glia cells of the central nervous system.", "Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Neurons of the Peripheral Nervous System Neurons in the PNS are either carrying messages to or from the CNS.  A fferent = sensory neurons = neurons carrying messages TO the CNS.  A rriving in the CNS.  E fferent = motor neurons = neurons carrying messages FROM the CNS. " ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axon", "http://www.columbia.edu/cu/psychology/courses/1010/mangels/neuro/neurocells/neurocells.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroglia", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axon", "http://www.shsu.edu/~bio_mlt/Chap15.html", "http://medcell.med.yale.edu/histology/nervous_system_lab.php", "http://www.shsu.edu/~bio_mlt/Chap15.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axon", "http://www.shsu.edu/~bio_mlt/Chap15.html", "http://www.napavalley.edu/people/raltman/Documents/Lecture/Lecture%208%20-%20Neurons%20and%20Nervous%20System%20-%20Bio%20105%20%28Summer%202015%29.pdf" ] }

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[ "Lortab is used in treatment of moderate to severe pain." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Vicodin. Home » Vicodin. Vicodin ® is a combination of Hydrocodone and Acetaminophen. Hydrocodone belongs to a group of drugs called narcotic pain relievers. Vicodin ® is used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain. Acetaminophen enhances the pain relieving qualities of the Hydrocodone. Vicodin is a commonly prescribed opiate painkiller made up of hydrocodone and paracetamol, which is acetaminophen. Vicodin is the trademark name for the drug, which is also marketed under the names Vicodin ES and Vicodin HP. 1 Vicodin contains 500 mg of paracetamol and 5 mg of h", "Lortab ® is used as a PRN, or as needed for pain. Do not increase your dosage or take more often as this medication may become habit forming. Lortab is a narcotic pain reliever that is used to treat moderate to moderately severe pain. It is also marketed under other brand names, including Vicodin, Norco, Lorcet, Anexsia, Maxidone and Zydone.", "Lortab is made up of two medications: Acetaminophen and Hydrocodone. Acetaminophen is used for pain relief and to reduce fevers and can be found in over the counter medicines including Tylenol. Hydrocodone is a narcotic that is semi-synthetic. It is an opioid pain reliever. Hydrocodone has a similar effect as codeine. Most of the time, Lortab is used in the short-term pain treatment. This includes pain from surgeries, injuries or dental procedures. Once in a while it will be used in the treatment of chronic pain, migraines, cancer pain, and other pains that are chronic or caused from long-term illnesses that cause pain.", "Lortab Overdose. Tweet. Lortab is a brand name for the narcotic Hydrocodone. When prescribed by a doctor, it is combined with a non-narcotic pain reliever called Acetaminophen, which is intended to treat moderate to severe pain. Doctors also need to provide treatment for a Lortab overdose that addresses the fact that the individual has ingested a large amount of acetaminophen. A medication called Mucomyst, or N-acetylcysteine, may be used for this purpose. Naloxone, another medication, may be used to treat the symptoms of hydrocodone overdose.", "Uses. This combination medication is used to relieve moderate to severe pain. It contains a narcotic pain reliever (hydrocodone) and a non-narcotic pain reliever (acetaminophen). Hydrocodone works in the brain to change how your body feels and responds to pain. Acetaminophen can also reduce a fever", "Hydrocodone and acetaminophen combination is used to relieve moderate to moderately severe pain. Acetaminophen is used to relieve pain and reduce fever in patients. It does not become habit-forming when taken for a long time. But acetaminophen may cause other unwanted effects when taken in large doses, including liver damage. Hydrocodone belongs to the group of medicines called narcotic analgesics (pain medicines). ", "Hydrocodone is a semi-synthetic opioid synthesized from codeine, one of the opioid alkaloids found in the opium poppy. It is a narcotic analgesic used orally as an antitussive/ cough suppressant, but also commonly taken orally for relief of moderate to severe pain. ", "Home » Lortab. Lortab ® is a narcotic pain reliever (opiate type) used in treatment of moderate to severe pain. Lortab ® is a combination of Hydrocodone and acetaminophen. Hydrocodone works on opiate receptors in the brain to provide pain relief while acetaminophen increases the effects of Hydrocodone. Do not increase your dosage or take more often as this medication may become habit forming. Lortab is a narcotic pain reliever that is used to treat moderate to moderately severe pain. It is also marketed under other brand names, including Vicodin, Norco, Lorcet, Anexsia, Maxidone and Zydone.", "Physicians often prescribe Vicodin, a combination of hydrocodone-an opiate-and acetaminophen, for the relief of moderate to severe pain. It works by blocking pain receptors in the brain, but it also induces a sense of euphoria, making it extremely effective but also highly addictive. " ], "url": [ "https://www.opiates.com/vicodin/", "https://www.opiates.com/lortab/", "http://ipharmacylist.com/meds/lortab-uses.html", "http://www.allaboutcounseling.com/library/lortab-overdose/", "http://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-3459/vicodin-oral/details", "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMHT0010590/?report=details", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrocodone", "https://www.opiates.com/lortab/", "http://drugabuse.com/library/vicodin-abuse/" ] }

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[ "It caused by high blood sugar (hyperglycemia), and is often one of the first noticeable symptoms of diabetes." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "It occurs whenever the body is dehydrated for any reason. Any condition that can result in a loss of body water can lead to thirst or excessive thirst. For this reason, thirst is a characteristic symptoms of certain medical conditions, most notably diabetes mellitus. Thirst may be accompanied by other signs of dehydration such as decreased urine output, reduced sweating and tear production, muscle cramps, weakness, lightheadedness, and nausea. ", "Your body maintains a certain level of fluids, and your level of thirst is your body’s way of telling you it needs more or less fluid. Thirst can increase normally if you lose a lot of fluid, such as during a workout, and can decrease normally if you have enough fluid, such as after drinking a lot of water. An absence of thirst or excessive thirst can be caused by a number of conditions and diseases. The thirst can be a symptom associated with too much or too little water in your body, or it can be a change in your perception of thirst, even though fluid levels in your body are normal", "1 dipsogenic diabetes insipidus: This condition is due to a defect in the thirst mechanism, causing excessive thirst and excessive urine output. 2 heart, liver, or kidney failure. 3 psychogenic polydipsia: This is a psychiatric disorder that causes people to drink too much. Causes of Excessive Thirst. It is normal to feel thirsty after eating salty or spicy foods, or after engaging in strenuous exercise or sporting events, especially when it is hot. You may also feel thirsty when you suffer from diarrhea, vomiting, burns, or a significant loss of blood.", "Excessive thirst, also known as polydipsia, is a relatively common medical condition that can be brought on by several different factors. These include changes in diet and exercise, mental illness, diabetes, and various other chronic diseases. Increased thirst is also frequently caused by unhealthy blood sugar levels and may be an early warning sign of diabetes. For this reason, excessive thirst may be a cause for concern if it cannot be explained by the more common causes listed above.", "1 diabetes: Excessive thirst can be caused by high blood sugar (hyperglycemia), and is often one of the first noticeable symptoms of diabetes. 2 diabetes insipidus: With this form of diabetes, your kidneys are unable to conserve water, leading to excessive thirst. Causes of Excessive Thirst. It is normal to feel thirsty after eating salty or spicy foods, or after engaging in strenuous exercise or sporting events, especially when it is hot. You may also feel thirsty when you suffer from diarrhea, vomiting, burns, or a significant loss of blood.", "Excessive thirst, known as polydipsia, along with excessive urination, known as polyuria, may be an indication of diabetes mellitus or diabetes insipidus. There are receptors and other systems in the body that detect a decreased volume or an increased osmolite concentration. Thirst is the craving for fluids, resulting in the basic instinct of animals to drink. It is an essential mechanism involved in fluid balance. It arises from a lack of fluids or an increase in the concentration of certain osmolites, such as salt.", "Excessive thirst may be a symptom of high blood sugar (hyperglycemia). It can be an important clue in detecting diabetes. Excessive thirst is a common symptom. It is often the reaction to fluid loss during exercise or to eating salty foods. ", "Some prescription medications also cause thirst. Frequent excessive thirst and/or thirst that won’t be quenched can be symptoms of serious medical conditions, such as: 1 dehydration: Dehydration occurs when you lack the proper amount of fluids for your body to function properly. 2 Severe dehydration is life threatening, especially for infants and young children. Causes of Excessive Thirst. It is normal to feel thirsty after eating salty or spicy foods, or after engaging in strenuous exercise or sporting events, especially when it is hot. You may also feel thirsty when you suffer from diarrhea, vomiting, burns, or a significant loss of blood.", "1 Dry Mouth Anxiety does have a tendency to cause dry mouth, and dry mouth can feel like thirst. 2 Anxiety may cause dry mouth by taking water away from your mouth and sending it to the areas of your body that need it, or by increasing acids in your stomach that may contribute to a loss of saliva. Thirst may not seem like something related to your anxiety, but it's something that millions of anxiety sufferers deal with regularly. There is often this feeling of needing to drink a glass of water or two during and after anxiety attacks, and some people feel as though they need to drink more water each and every day." ], "url": [ "http://www.medicinenet.com/thirst/symptoms.htm", "http://www.healthgrades.com/symptoms/thirst--causes", "http://www.healthline.com/symptom/excessive-thirst", "http://www.ehow.com/facts_5548779_causes-excessive-thirst.html", "http://www.healthline.com/symptom/excessive-thirst", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirst", "http://www.nytimes.com/health/guides/symptoms/thirst-excessive/overview.html", "http://www.healthline.com/symptom/excessive-thirst", "http://www.calmclinic.com/anxiety/symptoms/excessive-thirst" ] }

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[ "Devoted to God." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Hebrew Meaning: The name Isabella is a Hebrew baby name. In Hebrew the meaning of the name Isabella is: Devoted to God. American Meaning: The name Isabella is an American baby name. In American the meaning of the name Isabella is: Devoted to God. Italian Meaning: The name Isabella is an Italian baby name. In Italian the meaning of the name Isabella is: consecrated to God. Shakespearean Meaning: The name Isabella is a Shakespearean baby name.", "Meaning of Isabel. Hebrew name. In Hebrew, the name Isabel means-Devoted to God.. Other origins for the name Isabel include-Hebrew, Spanish, English, Spanish.The name Isabel is most often used as a girl name or female name. Hebrew Name Meaning-Devoted to God.", "Isabel is generally used as a girl's name. It consists of 6 letters and 3 syllables and is pronounced I-sa-bel. In the U.S. in 2014, it ranked 144 in baby name popularity for girls with 2313 occurrences. What does Isabel mean, popularity, numerology and more. The name Isabel is of Spanish origin. The meaning of Isabel is my G-d is an oath, pledged to G-d.", "Isabel is a form of the name Elizabeth. The name Elizabeth is derived from Elisabet (ελισαβε&tau), the Greek form of the Hebrew name Elisheva (אֱלִישֶׁבַע). The Hebrew name Elisheva, appears in the Old Testament where Elisheva is the wife of Aaron. What does Isabel mean, popularity, numerology and more. The name Isabel is of Spanish origin. The meaning of Isabel is my G-d is an oath, pledged to G-d.", "Latin Meaning: The name Isabel is a Latin baby name. In Latin the meaning of the name Isabel is: My God is bountiful;God of plenty. SoulUrge Number: 6. Expression Number: 3. People with this name have a deep inner desire for a stable, loving family or community, and a need to work with others and to be appreciated.", "Isabel /is-abel/ [3 sylls.] as a girls' name is pronounced iz-a-bel. It is of Hebrew origin, and the meaning of Isabel is God is my oath. Spanish variant of Elizabeth. Literary: Henry James named the heroine of his Portrait of a Lady Isabel Archer. Isabella is the name of several Spanish queens. See also Chavela. Isabel is a very prominent first name for females (#313 out of 4276, Top 7%) and also a very prominent surname for both adults and children (#23454 out of 150436, Top 16%). (2000 U.S. Census). Displayed below is the birth name popularity of Isabel for girls.", "Isabel means Beuty in Italian!!! my name comes from italy and it means beatiful so everyone thats name is isabel like mine is beatiful. The name 'Isabel' means Consecrated to God. Isabel. my name is isabel and my name meaning means GOD's PROMISE that is so cool. 72: vote up - 9: vote down." ], "url": [ "http://www.sheknows.com/baby-names/name/isabella", "http://www.meaning-of-names.com/hebrew-names/isabel.asp", "http://www.ourbabynamer.com/meaning-of-Isabel.html", "http://www.ourbabynamer.com/meaning-of-Isabel.html", "http://www.sheknows.com/baby-names/name/isabel", "http://www.thinkbabynames.com/meaning/0/Isabel", "http://what-does-my-name-mean.org/name/isabel/" ] }

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[ "$75,179 per year" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Criminology. A survey conducted by the National Association of Colleges and Employers showed that a bachelor’s degree in criminology translates into a starting salary of $33,160 a year. Florida State University found a similar number from its survey. On average, criminology graduates earned $32,220 a year, as of 2012. But the salary range for entry-level criminologists was $20,880 to $44,000 a year. Employer. Criminologists working for the federal government often have greater earning potential than those at the state or local level. In the federal government, a criminologist can earn upward of $84,098 a year. At the state or local level, salaries range between $40,695 and $56,993 a year.", "This represents a growth in salaries of 17%. State trends for all professions mirror this growth. There is a 114% pay differential between the highest paid criminology professionals and those in the bottom 10% of the pay bracket. Thus, there is huge variation in pay, within the field of criminology in California.", "California Criminologist Salary Information. The average yearly salary for Criminologist in California is $49,831. If you are just beginning to work a new job as a Criminologist in California, you could earn a starting pay rate of $41,038 annually. As is true for most jobs and careers, you can expect your hourly pay rate or salary to increase as you gain experience and the longer you are employed with the same employer. In California you could potentially make an average income of around $58,625 after several years on the job with increased wages.", "Obviously, the best paying area in California for criminal investigators is San Francisco. In San Francisco, the median salary surpasses the statewide median by 23% and the top 25% salary by about 21%. The table below provides further salary information regarding criminal investigators in California: Detectives in the top 25% have been reported to average $110,614 per year, which is about $53.18 per hour. Here is a look at how much detectives and criminal investigators are earning by location:", "In California, as the number of criminology professionals is growing, the salaries earned by criminology professionals are increasing. Criminology professionals earned a yearly mean salary of $69,030 in 2006. They earned a yearly mean salary of $83,243 in 2010. There is a 114% pay differential between the highest paid criminology professionals and those in the bottom 10% of the pay bracket. Thus, there is huge variation in pay, within the field of criminology in California.", "Based on information published by the California Employment Development Department, there is a median detective salary in California of $97,260, and this is based on an estimated hourly wage of $46.76. The average salary comes in just slightly lower, but only by about 1.4%, at $95,867. Detectives in the top 25% have been reported to average $110,614 per year, which is about $53.18 per hour. Here is a look at how much detectives and criminal investigators are earning by location: Los Angeles County", "Each year, an average of 781 students graduate from criminology schools in California. There are 9 criminology schools in California if you are interested in pursuing credentials in the field of criminology. Yearly tuition at criminology schools in California for a degree in criminology is $17,399 per year.", "In California, as a criminologist, you can expect to earn a salary of anywhere from less than $54,821 per year to more than $102,235 per year. But the median salary for criminologists earn $75,179 per year, in California. There are 9 criminology schools in California if you are interested in pursuing credentials in the field of criminology. Yearly tuition at criminology schools in California for a degree in criminology is $17,399 per year.", "Criminology Salaries and Career Outlook in California. A majority of those with an education in criminology pursue a career as a criminologist. The job outlook for criminologists in California is good. In California, there are currently about 12,900 criminologists. And the government projects that this number will increase by 17%, or to 15,100 criminologists by the year 2018. There are 9 criminology schools in California if you are interested in pursuing credentials in the field of criminology. Yearly tuition at criminology schools in California for a degree in criminology is $17,399 per year.", "The average Criminologist age in California is 37 years old. As it pertains to men vs women, 50% of Criminologist are male in California, and 50% of the Criminologist are female in California. As is true for most jobs and careers, you can expect your hourly pay rate or salary to increase as you gain experience and the longer you are employed with the same employer. In California you could potentially make an average income of around $58,625 after several years on the job with increased wages." ], "url": [ "http://work.chron.com/annual-income-criminologist-11118.html", "http://www.educationnews.org/career-index/criminology-schools-in-california/", "http://salarygenius.com/ca/1/salary/criminologist-salary", "http://www.detectiveedu.org/california/california-salary/", "http://www.educationnews.org/career-index/criminology-schools-in-california/", "http://www.detectiveedu.org/california/california-salary/", "http://www.hackcollege.com/school-finder/schools/california/criminology/", "http://www.hackcollege.com/school-finder/schools/california/criminology/", "http://www.hackcollege.com/school-finder/schools/california/criminology/", "http://salarygenius.com/ca/1/salary/criminologist-salary" ] }

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[ "Sprouted mung beans are baby mung bean plants. Because mung bean sprouts are so small, they contain a concentrated amount of key vitamins and minerals such as iron, potassium, folate and vitamin C. They are also a good source of protein." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Eat fresh sprouted mung beans quickly because the longer you store them, the more protein and other nutrients they lose. Add sprouted mung beans to vegetable stir-fry or stir them into a pot of vegetable stew. Sprinkle sprouted mung beans on a tossed green salad or add them to a pasta salad recipe. Sprouted mung beans don't contain as much protein as animal sources such as meat, fish, eggs, milk and cheese, but they do supply a small amount. One cup of sprouted and cooked mung beans provides 2.5 grams of protein toward your daily goal of 8 grams for every 20 pounds that you weigh.", "The mung bean (Vigna radiata), alternatively known as the moong bean, green gram, but not mungo or mingo, is a plant species in the legume family. Whole beans and mung bean paste [edit]. Whole cooked mung beans are generally prepared from dried beans by boiling until they are soft. Mung beans are light yellow in colour when their skins are removed. Mung bean paste can be made by dehulling, cooking, and pulverizing the beans to a dry paste.", "One cup of mung bean sprouts contains 26 calories. Sprouted mung beans are baby mung bean plants. Because mung bean sprouts are so small, they contain a concentrated amount of key vitamins and minerals such as iron, potassium, folate and vitamin C. They are also a good source of protein. Sprouted mung beans don't contain as much protein as animal sources such as meat, fish, eggs, milk and cheese, but they do supply a small amount. One cup of sprouted and cooked mung beans provides 2.5 grams of protein toward your daily goal of 8 grams for every 20 pounds that you weigh.", "Mung Beans and Rice is good for the kidneys, colon and digestive organs. It is also beneficial in cases of constipation, or when food is not being digested thoroughly by the intestines. Mung beans are a very easily assimilated form of protein. For thirty days, eat only mung beans and rice at mealtimes, with lots of fresh vegetables cooked into the same dish. Fruit may be eaten between meals as a snack, and you can drink yogi tea. As a variation, you can eat mung beans and rice with yogurt. In the winter, you can grind chiles into it to make it hot spicy.", "One cup of mung bean sprouts offers 14 mg of vitamin C, an antioxidant that supports healthy vision. Good for diabetics, mung beans also reduce cholesterol levels, support healthy liver functions, help the skin slow down the aging process and strengthen hair and nails. Conduct your sprouting activities away from direct sunlight. Soak the beans in cool water for 8 to 12 hours. Drain the soak water and place the beans into a sprouter. Rinse and drain the sprouts 2 or 3 times a day. Your initial crop of short, sweet mung sprouts are ready to eat in 2 or 3 days. Within 4 to 6 days the roots of your sprouts turn out thicker and longer", "The expression “good things come in small packages” certainly holds true for mung beans. With its dense phenol content and broad array of nutrients, the mung bean forges an impressive defense against several chronic, age-related diseases including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, and obesity. The versatile mung bean has also been shown to target another significant cardiovascular disease risk factor in high blood pressure. Hypertensive rats supplemented with mung bean sprout extracts for one month experienced significant reductions in systolic", "Bean sprouts, which are often served with pho. Mung beans in the process of sprouting. Stir-fries that contain mung beans or other legumes can be served over nutritious brown rice. Bean sprouts can make a good addition to a nutritious salad. Mung beans are small green legumes. Legumes are seeds from the pods of plants in the Leguminosae family and also the Fabaceae family. When sprouted, they are usually just called bean sprouts. Like many other legumes, this bean can be eaten raw when sprouted, or else eaten cooked with the skin on or off" ], "url": [ "http://healthyeating.sfgate.com/much-protein-sprouted-cooked-mung-beans-6082.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mung_bean", "http://healthyeating.sfgate.com/much-protein-sprouted-cooked-mung-beans-6082.html", "http://www.yogamurrieta.com/node/347", "http://www.nwitimes.com/niche/get-healthy/nutrition/herbal-healer-what-is-mung-bean/article_3aa1be17-83f6-59e4-9493-331a113b01d8.html", "http://www.lifeextension.com/magazine/2014/1/The-Mighty-Mung-Bean/Page-01", "http://www.wisegeek.org/what-are-mung-beans.htm" ] }

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[ "5 to 6 months" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "When do babies roll over? Your baby may be able to kick himself over, from his tummy to his back, as early as age 4 months. It may take him until he's about 5 or 6 months to flip from back to front, though, because he needs stronger neck and arm muscles for that maneuver.", "How babies learn to roll over. At about 3 months, when placed on his stomach, your baby will lift his head and shoulders high, using his arms for support. This mini-pushup helps him strengthen the muscles he'll use to roll over. He'll amaze you (and himself!) the first time he flips over.", "What to do if your baby doesn't roll over. If your baby hasn't figured out how to flip one way or the other by the time he's about 6 months old, and hasn't moved on to sit and try to scoot and crawl instead, bring it up the next time you talk to his doctor.", "Your baby will probably be able to roll over when he's about six months or seven months, when his neck and arm muscles are strong enough. Some babies manage to roll over as early as three months, but other babies take longer than seven months.", "Back-to-belly rolling comes later, usually by 5 to 6 months, or a month after he learned to roll over initially. Your baby's first roll-over usually occurs during a tummy-time session. When placed flat on his belly, your baby instinctively uses his arms to raise his head and shoulders off the floor.", "Some babies can flip themselves from their front to their back as early as three months. But it's more likely that your baby will be six months or seven months old by the time she's strong enough to roll both ways. Her neck and arm muscles need time to strengthen first.", "Every baby’s different, but around four months most start rolling from front to back, and pretty soon after they can hold their heads up. It’ll take time and coordination to flip from back to front, though, so don’t expect that to happen until around five months. And then, watch out!", "Most babies can roll over by the time they are six months. If your baby is not rolling over, at least from front to back, by the time he is six months you should discuss this with your doctor." ], "url": [ "http://www.babycenter.com/0_baby-milestone-rolling-over_6504.bc", "http://www.babycenter.com/0_baby-milestone-rolling-over_6504.bc", "http://www.babycenter.com/0_baby-milestone-rolling-over_6504.bc", "http://www.babycentre.co.uk/a6504/developmental-milestones-rolling-over", "http://www.parents.com/advice/babies/baby-development/when-will-my-baby-start-rolling-over/", "http://www.babycentre.co.uk/x1048863/when-will-my-baby-roll-over", "http://www.thebump.com/a/when-will-baby-start-to-roll-over", "http://www.justmommies.com/articles/baby-rolling-over.shtml" ] }

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[ "In the past Archaea were classified as an unusual group of bacteria and named archaebacteria, but since the Archaea have an independent evolutionary history and manifest numerous differences in their biochemistry from other forms of life, they are now classified as a separate domain in the three-domain system." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "These microbes are prokaryotes, meaning that they have no cell nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelles in their cells. Archaea were initially classified as bacteria, receiving the name archaebacteria (in the Archaebacteria kingdom), but this classification is outdated. Although Archaea are prokaryotic, they are more closely related to Eukarya and thus cannot be placed within either the Bacteria or Eukarya domains. One property unique to Archaea is the abundant use of ether-linked lipids in their cell membranes.", "Introduction (from Wikipedia). The Archaea constitute a domain or kingdom of single-celled microorganisms. These microbes are prokaryotes, meaning that they have no cell nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelles in their cells. Bacteria constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms", "Archaea and bacteria are both single-celled microorganisms known as prokaryotes but this is one of the few things they have in common. Even though they both look vaguely similar when viewed through a microscope, each represents a completely different group of creatures. Inside archaea, protein-synthesizing molecules called ribosomes are different from those found in bacteria, and are closer to the ribosomes present in eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotic cells are found in humans, animals, plants, fungi and protozoa.", "ANd bacteria don't! Thats what makes them different. Also Archaea bacteria live in extremem condtions that normal bacteria can't. This is why they are seperated Eukaryotes are in the same domain because they have a nucleus, this makes them much more complex then bacteria.", "In the past Archaea were classified as an unusual group of bacteria and named archaebacteria, but since the Archaea have an independent evolutionary history and manifest numerous differences in their biochemistry from other forms of life, they are now classified as a separate domain in the three-domain system. ", "Archaea and bacteria have different cell membranes and cell structures, and archaea are found in extreme environments where most bacteria could not survive. Bacteria cell walls contain a substance known as peptidoglycan, while the cell walls of archaea do not. Archaea and bacteria also differ because the cell membranes of archaea have a unique structure and do not contain the same lipids, or fats, that are found in the cell membranes of other organisms. Inside archaea, protein-synthesizing molecules called ribosomes are different from those found in bacteria, and are closer to the ribosomes present in eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotic cells are found in humans, animals, plants, fungi and protozoa.", "Here is more information on the differences between these two microorganisms. Both bacteria and archaea have different Ribosomal RNAs (rRNA). Archea have three RNA polymerases like eukaryotes, but bacteria have only one. Archaea have cell walls that lack peptidoglycan and have membranes that enclose lipids with hydrocarbons rather than fatty acids (not a bilayer). ", "Eukarya has a doubled walled nucleus containing the genetic material and Bacteria and Archaea do not have contained genetic material. Eukarya has membrane bound organelles and … the other two Domains do not. These are the pertinent differences. 10 people found this useful. Bacteria in the domain Archaea are usually found in extreme climates, such as extreme hot(volcanos) or extreme cold (arctic or antarctic). 7 people found this useful." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaea", "http://www.diffen.com/difference/Archaea_vs_Bacteria", "http://www.wisegeek.org/what-are-the-differences-between-archaea-and-bacteria.htm", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090912165046AA83Suq", "http://eol.org/info/457", "http://www.wisegeek.org/what-are-the-differences-between-archaea-and-bacteria.htm", "http://www.differencebetween.net/science/difference-between-archaea-and-bacteria/", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Why_are_archaea_in_a_different_domain_from_bacteria" ] }

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[ "Dungaree is a type of cloth woven from cotton." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Dungaree is a type of cloth woven from cotton. It is a thick, durable twill that is almost always dyed blue. Another word for dungaree is blue denim. In its plural form, dungarees refer to clothing made from blue denim, i.e. blue jeans. Significance. Dungarees can be considered a universal garment, because they are worn by millions of people all over the world. Dungarees are especially associated with the United States, however, perhaps because their popularization is so closely tied to the youth culture revolutions of the 1950s and 1960s.", "dun·ga·ree. n. 1. A sturdy, often blue denim fabric. 2. dungarees Pants or overalls made of sturdy denim fabric. ", "Everyone wore “dungarees” that later morphed into “jeans.” I recall the lifers in the service referring to the work uniform as “dungarees.” What’s the origin of “dungaree” and who the heck was Jean? — Ed Callan. The difference between dungarees and jeans is the cut. Dungarees are cut to fall straight down off the hips, abdomin, and buttox, while jeans are cut so that they conform to the shape of the abdomin, buttox, and thighs.", "Definition of DUNGAREE. 1. : a heavy coarse durable cotton twill woven from colored yarns; specifically: blue denim. 2. plural: clothes made usually of blue denim. — dun·ga·reed \\-ˈrēd, -ˌrēd\\ adjective. See dungaree defined for kids. ADVERTISEMENT. ", "The Lee men's dungarees carpenter jean is a popular option for both casual and work needs. Available in a number of colors, these jeans are reliable in sizing and wear. You will appreciate the quality with which they are crafted and the durability that reflects the Lee brand. The mid-weight denim is comfortable to wear. ", "Durability. Whether you choose relaxed, loose or dungaree fit, Carhartt work pants are built to last. All feature quality fabrics that are designed for a comfortable fit and provide ample room for movement. Carhartt Canvas Work Dungaree Fit Pant (Carhartt B151).", "Dungaree fabric (used in English since 1605–15, from the Hindi dungrī) is a kind of coarse thick 2/2 twill-weave cotton cloth, often coloured blue. The word is possibly derived from Dongri, a dockside village near Mumbai. In US English the term is used for hard-wearing work trousers made from such fabric, and in British English for bib overalls in various fabrics, either for casual or work use. By 1891 Kipling was using the word to refer to a kind of garment (in the plural) as well as a fabric. As a fabric, it is used largely the same way as jeans cloth, to make sturdy trousers. In many non-Anglophone countries, the two words are interchangeable (British vs. US English).", "Whether you choose traditional, relaxed, loose or dungaree fit, Carhartt Jeans are built to last. All feature premium fabric for durability, are designed for a comfortable fit and provide ample room for movement. Carhartt Jeans for Men. Whether you choose traditional, relaxed, loose or dungaree fit, Carhartt Jeans are built to last. All feature premium fabric for durability, are designed for a comfortable fit and provide ample room for movement. Carhartt Denim Relaxed Fit Jean (Carhartt B17)." ], "url": [ "http://www.ehow.com/about_5382250_dungaree.html", "http://www.thefreedictionary.com/dungarees", "http://www.word-detective.com/2008/12/dungarees-jeans/", "http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/dungaree", "http://www.sears.com/lee-men-39-s-dungarees-carpenter-jean/p-041A0049000P", "http://dungarees.net/category_Carhartt_Pants-1-21-0-1-0-0.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dungaree_(fabric)", "http://dungarees.net/category_Carhartt_Jeans-1-20-0-1-0-0.html" ] }

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[ "Any amount of snow sliding down a mountainside." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "Avalanches are typically triggered in a starting zone from a mechanical failure in the snowpack (slab avalanche) when the forces on the snow exceed its strength but sometimes only with gradually widening (loose snow avalanche). If the avalanche moves fast enough some of the snow may mix with the air forming a powder snow avalanche, which is a type of gravity current. Slides of rocks or debris, behaving in a similar way to snow, are also referred to as avalanches (see rockslid", "Chevrolet Avalanche. Avalanche is a pickup truck that was offered by Chevrolet from the 2002–2012 model years, and in 2013, as the Black Diamond Avalanche. With its split-folding rear bench seat down and the Midgate ® lowered, Avalanche offered the capability of a full-size pickup truck with the comfortable interior of an upscale SUV.", "The word avalanche is derived from the French word avalance meaning descent. An avalanche is a mass of snow, often mixed with ice and debris which travels down mountain sides, destroying all in its path. ", "An avalanche of snow sweeps down the slopes of Mount Timpanogos in Utah. Greg L. Wright. An avalanche is a large amount of snow that quickly moves down a slope. An avalanche can be deadly because it will bury or sweep away anything in its path. Large amounts of sliding rocks, earth, or other materials may also be called avalanches. But these are often known as landslides. ", "Seismic activity may also trigger the failure in the snowpack and avalanches. A popular myth is that avalanches can be triggered by loud noise or shouting, but the pressure from sound is orders of magnitude too small to trigger an avalanche. If the avalanche moves fast enough some of the snow may mix with the air forming a powder snow avalanche, which is a type of gravity current. Slides of rocks or debris, behaving in a similar way to snow, are also referred to as avalanches (see rockslide)", "An avalanche has three main parts. The starting zone is the most volatile area of a slope, where unstable snow can fracture from the surrounding snow cover and begin to slide. Typical starting zones are higher up on slopes. However, given the right conditions, snow can fracture at any point on the slope. Snow Avalanches. Avalanches can be caused by a variety of factors, including terrain, slope steepness, weather, temperature, and snowpack conditions. (Larger image not available). —Credit: Copyright Richard Armstrong, NSIDC. An avalanche is a rapid flow of snow down a hill or mountainside. Although avalanches can occur on any slope given the right conditions, certain times of the year and certain locations are naturally more dangerous than others", "There are two common types of avalanches, a Surface Avalanche that occurs when a layer of snow with different properties slides over another layer of snow. For example, when a layer of dry loosely packed snow slides over a dense layer of wet snow. The other common avalanche is known as a Full-Depth Avalanche which, as it s name would lead you to believe, occurs when an entire snow cover, from the earth to the surface, slides over the ground. An avalanche can be composed of many different kinds of snow depending on the region, temperature and weather.", "Technically, an avalanche is any amount of snow sliding down a mountainside. It can be compared to a landslide, only with snow instead of earth. The other common avalanche is known as a Full-Depth Avalanche which, as it s name would lead you to believe, occurs when an entire snow cover, from the earth to the surface, slides over the ground. An avalanche can be composed of many different kinds of snow depending on the region, temperature and weather." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avalanche", "http://www.chevrolet.com/discontinued-vehicle/avalanche.html", "http://n-d-a.org/avalanche.php", "http://kids.britannica.com/elementary/article-399351/Avalanche", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avalanche", "http://nsidc.org/cryosphere/snow/science/avalanches.html", "http://www.naturaldisasters.ednet.ns.ca/Projects/Avalanche/bja.htm", "http://www.naturaldisasters.ednet.ns.ca/Projects/Avalanche/bja.htm" ] }

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[ "Creme Brulee is a classic French dessert consisting of a custard topped with caramelized sugar." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Place the cream, vanilla bean and its pulp into a medium saucepan set over medium-high heat and bring to a boil. Remove from the heat, cover and allow to sit for 15 minutes. Remove the vanilla bean and reserve for another use.", "Refers to foods that are sprinkled with sugar and placed under a broiler to caramelize the sugar, forming a hard brittle top. One of the most popular dishes served this way is creme brulee which is a custard topped with the caramelized sugar.", "A chef's torch is used to darken the sugar of a creme brulee without charring it. Eggs are whisked into boiled cream when making creme brulee. Creme crème brulees brûlées can be flavored. With Espresso creme brulee is made using a base of cream. And eggs a sprig of mint adds color and taste to. creme crème brulee brulée", "Creme brulee with fresh blueberries. Nicole S. Young / Getty Images. Creme Brulee (pronounced krem broo-LAY) is a classic French dessert consisting of a custard topped with caramelized sugar. The custard for creme brulee is traditionally made with cream, egg yolks and sugar, and flavored with vanilla.", "A chef's torch is used to darken the sugar of a creme brulee without charring it. Eggs are whisked into boiled cream when making creme brulee. Creme crème brulees brûlées can be flavored. with espresso", "Creme crème (/brulee brûlée/ ; [ˌkrɛm bruːˈleɪ.kʁɛm]), bʁy le also known as, burnt cream, crema Catalana or trinity cream is a dessert consisting of a rich custard base topped with a contrasting layer of. Hard caramel it is normally served at. room temperature", "Caramelizing the sugar on top of the creme brulee is usually done with a small butane torch. Creme brulee means burnt cream in French, as the caramelized sugar on top of the custard is characteristic of creme brulee. Here's a recipe for" ], "url": [ "http://www.foodnetwork.com/recipes/alton-brown/creme-brulee-recipe.html", "http://www.recipetips.com/glossary-term/t--35271/brulee.asp", "http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-creme-brulee.htm", "http://culinaryarts.about.com/od/glossary/g/Creme-Brulee.htm", "http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-creme-brulee.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cr%C3%A8me_br%C3%BBl%C3%A9e", "http://culinaryarts.about.com/od/glossary/g/Creme-Brulee.htm" ] }

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[ "$70-$250 for one or $140-$500 or more for a set." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Answer: retainer replacement. By Sarah h. It is best to replace your retainer as soon as possible to prevent further movement of your teeth. Keep in mind that the retainer will retain the teeth in their current position. The average cost for a removable (Hawley) retainer is $275 per arch. You may want to look into an appliance that will move the tooth back into alignment, then act as a retainer. This can be accomplished with an Essix appliance, which is much like an Invisalign aligner. Essix appliances range between $350-$600. Speak with the dentist at your next visit and find out your options.", "1 If not included, replacement retainers can cost $70-$250 for one or $140-$500 or more for a set. 2 Most dental insurance does not cover replacement retainers. 3 Removable Essix retainers made of vacuum-formed clear plastic typically cost $100-$250 for one or $200-$500 for a set. 1 Most dental insurance does not cover replacement retainers. 2 Removable Essix retainers made of vacuum-formed clear plastic typically cost $100-$250 for one or $200-$500 for a set. 3 They are prone to warping or breaking, so they may need replacing to be replaced relatively frequently.", "Replacement. In the event that a dental retainer is lost or broken, the patient must pay an additional fee to replace the item. Depending on the orthodontic practice, the replacement may range from $75 to $250, says CostHelper.com. Many orthodontists will provide you with an itemized list that will show how the cost is broken down. Retainer prices can vary from $500 to $1,000 as of November 2010, depending on the length and complexity of the treatment, according to figures from CostHelper.com.", "One Hawley Retainer cost $175.00 – $325.00. 1 Permanent fixed retainer-This is a wire that is bonded on the lingual side of the teeth permanently to prevent the teeth from shifting. 2 This is typically done on the lower teeth, but can also be done on the upper. 3 This process has to be done by a dentist. The price of a replacement retainer can vary on where the retainers are purchased from and the type of retainer. There is 3 different types of retainers available.", "1 However, a retainer is usually included in the overall braces fee, so there is no additional charge for the first set of retainers -- and some orthodontists include one or two replacements in their standard braces package. 2 If not included, replacement retainers can cost $70-$250 for one or $140-$500 or more for a set. 1 Most dental insurance does not cover replacement retainers. 2 Removable Essix retainers made of vacuum-formed clear plastic typically cost $100-$250 for one or $200-$500 for a set. 3 They are prone to warping or breaking, so they may need replacing to be replaced relatively frequently.", "1 Using a removable retainer to correct a minor overbite typically involves a series of retainers plus several office visits, X-Rays and fittings. 2 This can cost $500-$2,500, although in some cases it can be $5,000 or more, depending on the complexity and length of treatment. 1 Most dental insurance does not cover replacement retainers. 2 Removable Essix retainers made of vacuum-formed clear plastic typically cost $100-$250 for one or $200-$500 for a set. 3 They are prone to warping or breaking, so they may need replacing to be replaced relatively frequently.", "1 Removable Hawley retainers (made of hard acrylic molded to fit the patient's mouth plus a visible wire to hold the teeth in position) can cost $150-$300 or more for one, or $300-$600 or more for a set (upper and lower). 1 Most dental insurance does not cover replacement retainers. 2 Removable Essix retainers made of vacuum-formed clear plastic typically cost $100-$250 for one or $200-$500 for a set. 3 They are prone to warping or breaking, so they may need replacing to be replaced relatively frequently.", "Best Answer: the upper one would cost between 200-400 to replace depending on: 1 - where you live-some regions (west coast, new england) are pricier than others (midwest, southeast) 2 - how much money your dentist is trying to get for something that basically costs him maybe $80 or so in overhead. Well... the big day is coming up! I'm getting my braces off in about two weeks *jumps for joy* i'm going to have a wire retainer on the top and a bonded on the bottom, so if i lost the top, how much would it cost to replace it? Also, have you heard of the evertain retainer replacement..." ], "url": [ "http://www.bracesinfo.com/question/lost-my-retainers-how-much-do-they-cost.html", "http://health.costhelper.com/retainer.html", "http://www.ehow.com/facts_7528581_much-dental-retainer-cost.html", "http://www.sportingsmiles.com/blog/how-much-does-dental-retainers-cost/", "http://health.costhelper.com/retainer.html", "http://health.costhelper.com/retainer.html", "http://health.costhelper.com/retainer.html", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20071227112209AA6fjmB" ] }

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[ "A MOSFET transistor is a semiconductor device which is widely used to switch the amplification signals in the electronic devices." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "A transistor is used to amplify and switch electronic signals and electrical power. They are used in a variety of circuits and they come in many different shapes. You can use a transistor as a switch or you can use a transistor as an amplifier. Metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor is a type of transistor commonly found in digital and analog circuits to amplify or switch electronic signals.", "Two power MOSFETs in the surface-mount package D2PAK. Each of these components can sustain a blocking voltage of 120 volts and a continuous current of 30 amperes. A power MOSFET is a specific type of metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) designed to handle significant power levels. The power MOSFET is the most widely used low-voltage (that is, less than 200 V) switch. It can be found in most power supplies, DC to DC converters, and low voltage motor controllers.", "See also bipolar transistor and transistor. A field-effect transistor (FET) is a type of transistor commonly used for weak-signal amplification (for example, for amplifying wireless signals). The device can amplify analog or digital signals. It can also switch DC or function as an oscilla", "This video explains to you how MOSFETs (metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor) work and how they are used to amplify and switch electronic signals. This animation describes the enhancement-mode MOSFET. 1 Science & Technology. 2 Standard YouTube License. ", "The MOSFET (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor) transistor is a semiconductor device which is widely used for switching and amplifying electronic signals in the electronic devices. The MOSFET is a four terminal device with source(S), gate (G), drain (D) and body (B) terminals. The body of the MOSFET is frequently connected to the source terminal so making it a three terminal device like field effect transistor.", "Mosfet Transistor. A MOSFET transistor is a semiconductor device which is widely used to switch the amplification signals in the electronic devices. MOSFET can be expanded metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor that is used to influence the flow of electric charges by influencing the flow of the charges to greater extent. The major advantage of the MOSFET transistor is that it uses low power for accomplishing its purpose and the dissipation of power in terms of loss is very llittle, which makes it a major component in the modern computers and electronic devices like the cell phones, digital watches, small robotic toys and calculators.", "Although the MOSFET is a four-terminal device with source (S), gate (G), drain (D), and body (B) terminals, the body (or substrate) of the MOSFET is often connected to the source terminal, making it a three-terminal device like other field-effect transistors. The metal in the name MOSFET is now often a misnomer because the previously metal gate material is now often a layer of polysilicon (polycrystalline silicon). Aluminium had been the gate material until the mid-1970s, when polysilicon became dominant, due to its capability to form self-aligned gates.", "An insulated-gate field-effect transistor or IGFET is a related term almost synonymous with MOSFET. The term may be more inclusive, since many MOSFETs use a gate that is not metal, and a gate insulator that is not oxide. Another synonym is MISFET for metal–insulator–semiconductor FET. The metal in the name MOSFET is now often a misnomer because the previously metal gate material is now often a layer of polysilicon (polycrystalline silicon). Aluminium had been the gate material until the mid-1970s, when polysilicon became dominant, due to its capability to form self-aligned gates.", "The IGFET or MOSFET is a voltage controlled field effect transistor that differs from a JFET in that it has a “Metal Oxide” Gate electrode which is electrically insulated from the main semiconductor n-channel or p-channel by a very thin layer of insulating material usually silicon dioxide, commonly known as glass. The MOSFET – Metal Oxide FET. As well as the Junction Field Effect Transistor (JFET), there is another type of Field Effect Transistor available whose Gate input is electrically insulated from the main current carrying channel and is therefore called an Insulated Gate Field Effect Transistor or IGFET." ], "url": [ "http://www.jameco.com/Jameco/content/mosfet-darlington-bipolar-transistors.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_MOSFET", "http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/field-effect-transistor-FET", "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tz62t-q_KEc", "https://www.elprocus.com/mosfet-as-a-switch-circuit-diagram-free-circuits/", "http://www.diodes.com/mosfet_transistor_menu.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOSFET", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOSFET", "http://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/transistor/tran_6.html" ] }

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[ "The metalloids separate the metals and nonmetals on a periodic table." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Metal elements are usually good conductors of both electricity and heat. The dividing line between metals and non-metals is not hard and fast, thus the distinction between Post-transition metals and Metalloids is represented differently on different versions of the Periodic Table.", "The elements of the periodic table can be broken into three different groups: metals, metalloids (or semi-metals) and nonmetals. This periodic table shows the three different groups of elements. The metalloid group separates the metals from the nonmetals. Elements to the left are metals and nonmetals are to the right.", "Elements in the periodic table are grouped as metals, metalloids or semimetals, and nonmetals. The metalloids separate the metals and nonmetals on a periodic table. Also, many periodic table have a stair-step line on the table identifying the element groups.", "nonmetal. The elements can be classified as metals, nonmetals, or metalloids. Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity, and are malleable (they can be hammered into sheets) and ductile (they can be drawn into wire).", "Nonmetals, on the right side of the periodic table, are very different from metals. Their surface is dull and they don t conduct heat and electricity. As compared to metals, they have low density and will melt at low temperatures.", "The periodic table on the left separates elements into three groups: the metals (green in the table), nonmetals (orange), and metalloids (blue). Most elements are metals. They are usually shiny, very dense, and only melt at high temperatures. Their shape can be easily changed into thin wires or sheets without breaking." ], "url": [ "http://periodic.lanl.gov/metal.shtml", "http://sciencenotes.org/metals-metalloids-nonmetals/", "http://chemistry.about.com/od/periodictables/ss/Metals-Nonmetals-and-Metalloids-Periodic-Table.htm", "http://www.angelo.edu/faculty/kboudrea/periodic/physical_metals.htm", "http://www.windows2universe.org/earth/geology/metals.html", "http://www.windows2universe.org/earth/geology/metals.html" ] }

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[ "0.4 pCi/L" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "According to a national residential radon survey completed in 1991, the average indoor radon level in the United States is 1.3 picocuries per liter (pCi/L). The average outdoor level is about 0.4 pCi/L. Excessive radon levels have been found in all of the 50 states.", "While short-term tests do not measure the annual average of level of radon, they do offer a quick and inexpensive way to screen for radon in a home. Long-term tests determine the average concentration for a minimum of 90 days.", "The risk to the average person of dying of radon-caused lung cancer due to a lifetime exposure to 4 pCi/L radon level at home is 2.3 percent. If there are five people in your family, the chances that someone becomes a victim of radon over 10 percent.", "The national average of outside radon levels is 0.4 pCi/L and it is estimated by the National Academy of Sciences that outdoor radon levels cause approximately 800 of the 21,000 radon induced lung cancer deaths in the US each year. Your risk of lung cancer increases substantially with exposure to higher radon levels.", "A safe level of radon gas is no radon gas. Radon gas is a carcinogen which causes lung cancer. The US EPA has put it plainly, stating, Any radon exposure has some risk of causing lung cancer. The lower the radon level in your home, the lower your family's risk of lung cancer.. The average person receives a higher dose of radiation from the radon levels in their home than from their combined exposure to all other radiation sources, natural or man-made.", "Colorado specific radon and radon level information can be found throughout this site. You will be able to find information about certified radon inspectors in Colorado, as well as detailed radon level information for every county in Colorado. Radon-You can't see it.", "If the annual average level of radon in a home is above 4.0 pCi/L, the EPA and MDH recommend that steps be taken to lower it. While it isn't possible to reduce radon to zero, the best approach is to lower the radon level as much as possible." ], "url": [ "http://co-radon.info/CO_general.html", "http://www.health.state.mn.us/divs/eh/indoorair/radon/radontestresults.html", "http://www.radonseal.com/radon-level.htm", "http://www.radon.com/radon/radon_levels.html", "http://www.radon.com/radon/radon_levels.html", "http://co-radon.info/CO_general.html", "http://www.health.state.mn.us/divs/eh/indoorair/radon/radontestresults.html" ] }

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[ "It is made by joining together the amino acids aspartic acid and phenylalanine." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Aspartame can be made by various synthetic chemical pathways. In general, phenylalanine is modified by a reaction with methanol and then combined with a slightly modified aspartic acid which eventually forms aspartame. 1 5 The amino acids derived from the fermentation process are initially modified to produce aspartame. Aspartame is primarily derived from compounds called amino acids. These are chemicals which are used by plants and animals to create proteins that are essential for life. Of the 20 naturally occurring amino acids, two of them, aspartic acid and phenylalanine, are used in the manufacture of aspartame.", "Aspartame is one of the most common artificial sweeteners in use today. It is sold under the brand names NutraSweet ® and Equal ® . Aspartame is made by joining together the amino acids aspartic acid and phenylalanine. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins and are found naturally in many foods.", "Aspartame is an artificial sweetener used in reduced calorie foods. It is derived primarily from two naturally occurring amino acids chemically combined and designated by the chemical name N-L-aaspartyl-L-phenylalanine-l-methyl ester (APM). Aspartame is primarily derived from compounds called amino acids. These are chemicals which are used by plants and animals to create proteins that are essential for life. Of the 20 naturally occurring amino acids, two of them, aspartic acid and phenylalanine, are used in the manufacture of aspartame.", "Aspartame (APM; /ˈaespərteɪm/ ˈæspərteɪm /or/) əˈspɑrteɪm is an, artificial-non saccharide sweetener used as a sugar substitute in some foods and. beverages In the European Union, it is codified as E951. Aspartame is a methyl ester of the aspartic acid / phenylalanine dipeptide. It was first sold under the brand name NutraSweet. It was first synthesized in 1965, and the patent expired in 1992.", "Aspartame (APM; /ˈaespərteɪm/ ˈæspərteɪm /or/) əˈspɑrteɪm is an, artificial-non saccharide sweetener used as a sugar substitute in some foods and. Beverages in The European, union it is codified As. e951 In the European Union, it is codified as E951. Aspartame is a methyl ester of the aspartic acid / phenylalanine dipeptide. It was first sold under the brand name NutraSweet. It was first synthesized in 1965, and the patent expired in 1992.", "Diabetes. Aspartame is made up of three chemicals: aspartic acid, phenylalanine, and methanol. The book Prescription for Nutritional Healing, by James and Phyllis Balch lists aspartame under the category of chemical poison.. As you shall see, that is exactly what it is. DKP is a byproduct of aspartame metabolism. DKP has been implicated in the occurrence of brain tumors. Olney noticed that DKP, when nitrosated in the gut, produced a compound that was similar to N-nitrosourea, a powerful brain tumor causing chemical.", "According to The Independent, both a Monsanto source and a Monsanto spokesperson revealed that aspartame creation process did in fact involve genetically modified bacteria. “We have two strains of bacteria – one is traditionally modified and one is genetically modified,” said the source. “It’s got a modified enzyme. An article by The Independent entitled “World’s top sweetener is made with GM bacteria” revealed that two of the largest health threats –artificial sweeteners and genetically modified organisms — were joining forces. It may be time to kick aspartame to the curb.", "Aspartame (APM; /ˈaespərteɪm/ ˈæspərteɪm /or/) əˈspɑrteɪm is an, artificial-non saccharide sweetener used as a sugar substitute in some foods and. Beverages in The European, union it is codified As. E951 aspartame is a methyl ester of the aspartic / acid phenylalanine. dipeptide In the European Union, it is codified as E951. Aspartame is a methyl ester of the aspartic acid / phenylalanine dipeptide. It was first sold under the brand name NutraSweet. It was first synthesized in 1965, and the patent expired in 1992." ], "url": [ "http://www.madehow.com/Volume-3/Aspartame.html", "http://www.cancer.org/cancer/cancercauses/othercarcinogens/athome/aspartame", "http://www.madehow.com/Volume-3/Aspartame.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspartame", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspartame", "http://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2011/11/06/aspartame-most-dangerous-substance-added-to-food.aspx", "http://naturalsociety.com/1999-investigation-finds-aspartame-is-made-with-genetically-modified-bacteria/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspartame" ] }

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[ "They are voracious predators that release the contents of their stomach on to the coral." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Map: Cairns 4870. More than 250,000 crown-of-thorns starfish have been removed from the Great Barrier Reef off Queensland in the past two years, Federal Environment Minister Greg Hunt says. The pest is considered to be one of the biggest threats to the reef and has traditionally been hard to destroy.", "Queensland National Parks Minister Steve Dickson says the crown of thorns starfish continues to be the biggest threat to the Great Barrier Reef. Mr Dickson is today meeting coral reef researchers on Lizard island, north-east of Cooktown off far north Queensland.", "Recent marine surveys by scientists in the Great Barrier Reef have found that an explosion in the population of the crown-of-thorns starfish has decimated parts of the region’s reefs and are now threatening part of the so-called Coral Triangle – one of the world’s richest regions of coral reef biodiversity.", "Crown-of-thorns starfish. Crown-of-thorns starfish are one of the most damaging creatures of tropical coral reefs, particularly Australia's Great Barrier Reef. They are voracious predators that release the contents of their stomach on to the coral. Digestive juices then liquify the coral ready for consumption.", "In the past 40 years, three waves of crown-of-thorns starfish outbreaks have had a major impact on the many reefs that make up the Great Barrier Reef. Crown-of-thorns starfish (also known as COTS) are marine invertebrates that feed on coral.", "Cyclic outbreaks of the crown-of-thorns starfish occur approximately every 17 years. There have been four documented outbreaks on the Great Barrier Reef since the 1960s, with the latest starting in 2010.", "The crown-of-thorns starfish (Acanthaster planci) is native to coral reefs in the Indo-Pacific region." ], "url": [ "http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-04-22/new-method-kills-more-than-2502c000-crown-of-thorns-starfish-o/5403600", "http://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-06-14/starfish-pest-the-greatest-impact-on-great-barrier-reef/4753764", "http://www.treehugger.com/natural-sciences/killer-starfish-eating-up-great-barrier-reef.html", "http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/life/Crown-of-thorns_starfish", "http://www.aims.gov.au/docs/research/biodiversity-ecology/threats/cots.html", "http://www.gbrmpa.gov.au/about-the-reef/animals/crown-of-thorns-starfish", "http://www.gbrmpa.gov.au/about-the-reef/animals/crown-of-thorns-starfish" ] }

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[ "Yes" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "During transcription, the enzyme RNA polymerase (green) uses DNA as a template to produce a pre-mRNA transcript (pink). The pre-mRNA is processed to form a mature mRNA molecule that can be translated to build the protein molecule (polypeptide) encoded by the original gene.", "Ribosomes translate RNA into a protein with a specific amino acid sequence. The tRNA binds and brings to the ribosome the amino acid encoded by the mRNA. Ribosomes are made of rRNA and proteins. This summary of how genes are expressed shows that DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is translated in turn to protein. This chart shows the genetic code used by all organisms.", "In the simplest sense, expressing a gene means manufacturing its corresponding protein, and this multilayered process has two major steps. In the first step, the information in DNA is transferred to a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule by way of a process called transcription.", "Transcription is the process by which DNA is copied (transcribed) to mRNA, which carries the information needed for protein synthesis. Transcription takes place in two broad steps. First, pre-messenger RNA is formed, with the involvement of RNA polymerase enzymes.", "Proteins can be manufactured in large quantities because a single DNA sequence can be transcribed by many RNA polymerase molecules at once. DNA transcription is a process that involves transcribing genetic information from DNA to RNA. The transcribed DNA message, or RNA transcript, is used to produce proteins. DNA is housed within the nucleus of our cells. It controls cellular activity by coding for the production of proteins." ], "url": [ "http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/Translation-DNA-to-mRNA-to-Protein-393", "http://moodleshare.org/mod/book/view.php?id=1687&chapterid=124", "http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/Translation-DNA-to-mRNA-to-Protein-393", "http://www.atdbio.com/content/14/Transcription-Translation-and-Replication", "http://biology.about.com/od/cellularprocesses/ss/Dna-Transcription.htm" ] }

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[ "Seltzer is plain carbonated water." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Sparkling mineral water, carbonated water and seltzer. Basically, it's water and carbon dioxide. Sparkling mineral water is a naturally-occurring carbonation, as described above. Thomas Henry produced the first forced carbonated water using an apparatus that utilized a pump to impregnate water with fixed air. The main difference is the introduction of potassium bicarbonate and potassium sulfate, which dulls the sharp burn of effervescence. Club soda, sparkling mineral water, seltzer and carbonated water have no calories, which make them a dieters alternative for 7-UP, Mellow Yellow, Mountain Dew and tonic water. Tonic water or quinine water. Tonic water is a carbonated drink containing water, sugar, carbon dioxide and quinine. Quinine was added to the tonic water to help cure or prevent malaria. It comes from the bark of the Cinchona tree that grows in the rain forest on the eastern slopes of the Andes", "Club Soda. In looks and taste, club soda is very similar to both seltzer and mineral water. It contains many of the same compounds that naturally occur in mineral water, except in this case they're artificially added. Ingredients like potassium-bicarbonate and potassium-sulfate lend a slightly salty taste to the water. Seltzer water, mineral water, and club soda are often used interchangeably because, to most people, the flavor difference between them is almost undetectable. Still, Rhoda was right to ask: These bubbly waters are not all built the same.", "Club soda. Club soda is carbonated water that has added minerals like potassium bicarbonate and potassium citrate to enhance the flavor. It can also have added sodium, but not all club sodas contain sodium. Seltzer water. Seltzer water is also carbonated water, but it doesn’t have any additives, including sodium. You can purchase flavored seltzers, usually in a citrus flavor, but plain seltzer is simply water that is carbonated. ", "Seltzer water and club soda are very similar, but there is a notable difference between the two. Unlike seltzer, mineral-like ingredients are added to club soda to enhance the flavor. If you look on the list of ingredients, you'll likely see potassium bicarbonate and potassium sulfate listed. Unlike the other carbonated options, tonic water has a distinct flavor and it certainly can't be swapped out (or in) for carbonated water. Tonic water is a bitter drink (a result of the addition of quinine) which pairs particularly well with gin.", "Tonic Water. Just because it contains the word water in its name and is carbonated doesn't mean that tonic water is in the same category as bubbly waters. Unlike the other carbonated options, tonic water has a distinct flavor and it certainly can't be swapped out (or in) for carbonated water. Tonic water is a bitter drink (a result of the addition of quinine) which pairs particularly well with gin.", "While seltzer is plain carbonated water and nothing but, club soda usually has a few mineral-y ingredients mixed in for added flavor (see the carbonated water, potassium bicarbonate, potassium sulfate listed on the label directly above vs. the simple carbonated water pictured above that on the seltzer bottle). ", "Seltzer water is any sort of man-made carbonated water that is sold as a beverage or mixer. It is very similar to naturally occurring mineral water, except its carbonation has been introduced artificially, and most of the time it does not contain any added minerals, either. ", "The carbonation process gives water a slightly acidic pH. Seltzer or seltzer water is carbonated water to which no other ingredients have been added. It contains only water and carbon dioxide. If you have a SodaStream or other home carbonation system, and you don’t use any added flavorings, you are making seltzer. Soda water is an ambiguous term, probably because it’s been around for a long time: It is what the first commercially available artificially carbonated water was called in the late 18 th century. Today, some people use soda water synonymously with seltzer; other people use it synonymously with club soda.", "For the music venue in Montreal, see Club Soda (Montreal) . A glass of sparkling water. Carbonated water (also known as club soda, soda water, sparkling water, seltzer water, or fizzy water) is water into which carbon dioxide gas under pressure has been dissolved. Some of these have additives such as sodium (seltzer water is almost always composed of water and carbon dioxide with no other additives). This process, known as carbonation, is a process that causes the water to become effervescent. " ], "url": [ "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20060727190104AAEx514", "http://www.epicurious.com/ingredients/differences-mineral-water-tonic-club-soda-seltzer-article", "http://www.mnn.com/food/beverages/blogs/whats-the-difference-between-club-soda-seltzer-water-and-tonic-water", "http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/10/29/seltzer-vs-club-soda_n_1434891.html", "http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/10/29/seltzer-vs-club-soda_n_1434891.html", "http://www.thekitchn.com/what-is-the-best-fizzy-water-for-your-cocktail-straight-up-cocktails-and-spirits-85739", "http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-seltzer-water.htm", "http://www.slate.com/blogs/browbeat/2014/05/14/carbonated_waters_defined_what_are_seltzer_club_soda_soda_water_perrier.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonated_water" ] }

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[ "It is the abbreviation used for “milliradians”. Milliradians are units of measurement that pertain to 1/1000 of a radian." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "MRAD Caliber Conversion Kits are now available in .338 Lapua Magnum, .300 Winchester Magnum, .308 Winchester, .260 Remington and 6.5 Creedmoor. The M107A1™ is one-of-a-kind rifle that allows you to combine signature reduction capabilities with the flawless reliability of the original Barrett M107®.", "This is a discussion on 0.1 mrad within the Optics forums, part of the Gun Forum category; not sure the difference in 0.1 MRAD turret adjustments versus .25 MOA clicks, etc. Seems wih 0.1 it would take a whole lotta clicks to ...", "Okay, so I have read a few posts on here about MRAD. However, it is not COMPLETELY clear to me yet. Further, there is very little on the internet to read about it, in order to fully understand it.", "Sam, a mil (or mRad) is 1/1000th of the distance. So whatever units you are using, whether meters, yards, fathoms, light years, etc. that is always the case. At 100 yards, a mil is .10 yards (3.6) and at 100 meters, 10 cm.", "The MRAD’s lower uses a double-stacked detachable magazine. To fit it with an ambidextrous magazine release, Barrett followed the Ruskies, deploying the same magazine catch design found on the AK series rifles. Unlike the AK series, the MRAD’s magazine release is very small and not well-positioned.", "MRAD is the abbreviation used for “milliradians”. Milliradians are units of measurement that pertain to 1/1000 of a radian. The radian is a measure of angular distance or the ratio involving one length of the radius and a similar length of the circle arc. The angle produced with these two items provides the radian. When this particular angle is divided into 1000 mini components then each unit may be labelled as one (1) MRAD or one (1) milliradian. The concept of measuring angles using units such as radians or “mrads” is attributed to a man named Roger Cotes.", "0.1 mrad. This is a discussion on 0.1 mrad within the Optics forums, part of the Gun Forum category; not sure the difference in 0.1 MRAD turret adjustments versus .25 MOA clicks, etc. Seems wih 0.1 it would take a whole lotta clicks to ..." ], "url": [ "https://barrett.net/", "http://m14forum.com/optics/94521-0-1-mrad.html", "http://www.opticstalk.com/understanding-mrad_topic22732.html", "http://www.opticstalk.com/understanding-mrad_topic22732.html", "http://www.thetruthaboutguns.com/2011/06/foghorn/gun-review-barrett-mrad/", "http://www.qwhatis.com/what-is-mrad/", "http://m14forum.com/optics/94521-0-1-mrad.html" ] }

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[ "Forearm muscles" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "The bone of the arm (humerus) meets both the ulna (the inner bone of the forearm) and radius (the outer bone of the forearm) to form a hinge joint at the elbow. The radius and ulna also meet one another in the elbow to permit a small amount of rotation of the forearm.", "An inside look at the structure of the elbow. #. Advertisement. Advertisement. The elbow is where the two bones of the forearm – the radius on the thumb side of the arm and the ulna on the pinky finger side – meet the bone of the upper arm -- the humerus. The lower end of the humerus flares out into two rounded protrusions called epicondyles, where muscles attach.", "The elbow is a synovial hinge joint located between the upper arm and forearm. It is formed by the meeting of three bones: the humerus in the upper arm and the ulna and radius in the lower arm.", "Definition. Golfer's elbow is a condition that causes pain where the tendons of your forearm muscles attach to the bony bump on the inside of your elbow. The pain might spread into your forearm and wrist. Golfer's elbow is similar to tennis elbow, which occurs on the outside of the elbow. It's not limited to golfers." ], "url": [ "http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=3204", "http://www.arthritis.org/about-arthritis/where-it-hurts/elbow-pain/elbow-anatomy.php", "http://www.innerbody.com/image/musc07.html", "http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/golfers-elbow/basics/definition/CON-20027964" ] }

[]

[ "Muscle spasm, diabetes, and carpal tunnel syndrome. Other possible causes, such as multiple sclerosis, are more rare." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Acute causes of hand cramps. Hand cramps can also be caused by acute problems that affect the muscles and nerves of the hand including: Anxiety or panic due to hyperventilation. Damage to a single nerve or nerve group (mononeuropathy) or to multiple nerves (polyneuropathy) that are connected to muscles in the hand. ", "Hand cramps: The occurrence of muscular cramps that occur in the hand. See detailed information below for a list of 1 causes of Hand cramps, including diseases and drug side effect causes. » Review Causes of Hand cramps: Causes. ", "Causes of Cramps in Hands and Fingers: Cramps are involuntary contractions of the muscles, which fail to relax immediately, resulting in severe pain. Skeletal muscle cramps are more common in the legs and calf muscles; however they can affect hands and other body parts. Here are a few reasons for causes of cramps in hands and fingers, 1 Prolonged activities involving the hands and the fingers like typing, playing an instrument or doing needle work are associated with hand or finger cramps. Treatment of Cramps in Hands and Fingers: 1 Prolonged and repetitive activities can result in stress, which in turn, can cause cramps. 2 Take a break every now and then to stretch the hands and shake them to avoid cramps. 3 Ensure that your diet is rich in green leafy vegetables and fruits, namely pineapple.", "Cramps are more likely the result of a mineral deficiency of the body. Try to add a couple of mineral tablets to your diet. On the other hand thyroid problems can also lead to … this and you may need to talk with your doctor. 13 people found this useful. ", "I can only straighten them by using my other hand. A: What you describe sounds like carpal spasm. Spasms, or cramps, are involuntary muscle contractions. The most common causes of spasms are overused muscles (in the hands that might be due to writing or typing) and dehydration. Other causes of muscle cramping include low levels of calcium and magnesium. Some golfers experience contractions of the hand while putting, a phenomenon that's been nicknamed the yips.. Talk to your doctor if the cramps occur often. If he or she can't find a specific cause, focus on drinking enough water and stretching your fingers periodically.", "Photo Credit Photodisc/Photodisc/Getty Images. Cramps that occur in the fingers have a variety of causes. For example, overusing the fingers during activities such as writing, playing instruments or typing, can cause muscle fatigue and unwanted spasms that interfere with normal motor performance. Step 2. Stretch your fingers to relieve cramping and increase muscle flexibility in the hands. For example, hold your hand parallel to the floor and use the index finger on your other hand to gently lift each finger upward for five seconds before releasing.", "The most common causes of hand or finger cramps or spasms are muscle spasm, diabetes, and carpal tunnel syndrome. Other possible causes, such as multiple sclerosis, are more rare. Within all the people who go to their doctor with hand or finger cramps or spasms, 47% report having hand or finger pain, 34% report having foot or toe cramps or spasms, and 34% report having leg cramps or spasms. 1 Hand or finger pain 47. 2 Foot or toe cramps or spasms strong predictor 34. 3 Headache 34.", "In some situations, hand cramps can occur as a result of chronic medical conditions that affect your entire body, such as thyroid disorders, dystonia (abnormal prolonged muscle contractions), or diabetes. Health Stories: Read how this real patient found the right care. I was in excruciating pain…and you rescued me. Cramps in your hand can arise from a number of different causes. Hand cramps develop as a result of conditions affecting muscles and nerves in your hand. Trauma or injury to a nerve in your hand can also cause hand cramps. Even breathing too fast (hyperventilation) can result in hand cramps, as carbon dioxide levels in the blood become too low. Everyday, simple reasons, such as fatigue from overuse, can lead to temporary, acute cramps in the hand" ], "url": [ "http://www.healthgrades.com/symptoms/hand-cramps--causes", "http://www.rightdiagnosis.com/sym/hand_cramps.htm", "http://www.tandurust.com/health-faq-3/cramps-in-hands.html", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_causes_hands_and_fingers_to_cramp_up_and_immobilize_painfully", "http://www.health.harvard.edu/healthbeat/a-harvard-medical-school-doctor-answers-a-question-about-hand-cramps", "http://www.livestrong.com/article/510583-how-to-relieve-cramping-fingers/", "http://www.symcat.com/symptoms/hand-or-finger-cramps-or-spasms", "http://www.healthgrades.com/symptoms/hand-cramps" ] }

[]

[ "6 to 8 weeks." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Buying a home is an exciting time but it can be confusing, especially if you're a first-time buyer. Conveyancing describes the legal transfer of property (from seller to buyer). How long it takes depends on several things, such as how many buyers and sellers are involved in the process, but it can take weeks or months. ", "Lorraine's profile. In most cases the conveyancing for the purchase of a home will take between six and eight weeks. But it can be much less, or a lot longer, depending on many circumstances. In many cases a fee will be payable, so the seller’s Solicitors will have to find out how much the fee is, get payment from their client and then send payment to the organisation concerned before the document or information can be obtained – all of which cause delays.", "There is one question that buyers and sellers always ask regarding conveyancing-how long will it take? The usual estimate is 8 - 12 weeks though in truth, when it comes to leasehold conveyancing how long it takes depends on a great number of factors. If so it may be necessary to pay a further fee. Dealing With Defects in the Lease. Another issue that affects, in regards to leasehold conveyancing how long the transaction will take, is if there is a defect in the lease, or if it needs to be extended.", "How Long Does House Conveyancing Take. The average time it takes for the conveyancing work to be carried out on a property purchase is around 6 to 8 weeks. This can change a lot depending on the circumstance of the transaction. For leasehold property it generally takes longer than a freehold property. 6. A property can be on the market for a number of months and in some cases years. This is why a large percentage of sellers do not start looking for a new property until theirs is under offer. This process can take a long time and if they need to arrange for mortgage finance can delay it even further.", "Leasehold information is obtained from a landlord or managing agent and how long it takes to obtain will depend on how efficient the landlord or managing agent is. A large national company will typically take 2 - 3 weeks. They will often offer an expedited service for an additional fee and this will take perhaps a week. Although the additional fee can make the information quite expensive, in terms of the conveyancing it can reduce how long it takes. If so it may be necessary to pay a further fee. Dealing With Defects in the Lease. Another issue that affects, in regards to leasehold conveyancing how long the transaction will take, is if there is a defect in the lease, or if it needs to be extended.", "We say this is a general guide as on a purchase, you are generally in the hands of when the searches will be provided; when your mortgage offer lands and also how long it takes to obtain satisfactory replies to enquiries from the sellers solicitors. If the property is leasehold you should speak to your managing agent and try to obtain a leasehold sale pack as soon as possible. Purchase. 1. Make sure that you sign your client care letters and make your payment on account of costs as soon as possible so we can commission your searches; 2.", "It can vary a great deal. On average probably 6 to 8 weeks. The factors that play a part in how long the transaction will take most commonly are the time it takes buyer to find a mortgage and the mortgage lender to issue the mortgage offer." ], "url": [ "http://www.lawsociety.org.uk/for-the-public/common-legal-issues/buying-a-home/", "http://www.homewardlegal.co.uk/blog/how-long-does-conveyancing-take", "http://www.theadvisory.co.uk/conveyancing-how-long.php", "https://houseconveyancing.org/how-long-does-house-conveyancing-take-in-the-uk/", "http://www.theadvisory.co.uk/conveyancing-how-long.php", "http://www.pls-solicitors.co.uk/faq/long-conveyancing-take/", "http://www.mcglennons.co.uk/our-services/residential-conveyancing/residential-conveyancing-faq/" ] }

[]

[ "$28,000 a year" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Officers who had completed at least 60 credit hours of college and had at least a 2.0 grade point average started out earning $48,462 in Los Angeles. Those who had a bachelor's degree or more advanced degree earned $50,342. Starting salaries for police officers in Columbus, Ohio, was $43,430. The median annual wage earned by police officers as of 2011 was $54,230, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Salaries received by the bottom 10 percent of officers were $32,080 or less.", "The median salary for Michigan police and sheriff’s patrol officers is $53,760, LawEnforcementEDU.net reported, citing 2012-13 Bureau of Labor Statistics data. That is approximately $3,000 lower than the national median pay, according to the BLS. Police supervisors receive $70,270, and detectives and criminal investigators earn $71,290. According to Indeed, the average salary for a police officer in Michigan is $29,000. Michigan state police have a starting salary of $41,000, Criminal Justice Degree Schools reported. After 20 years of service, they are granted the maximum salary for an officer of $62,000. Pay is a large concern for Michigan police officers, especially those in Detroit. Officers working for Wayne State University make $43,000 a year, WJBK-TV reported in March 2014", "1 Academy pay is $33.26 an hour, until sworn in as a police officer. 2 Police officer, starting step 1 salary $80,600. 3 Police officer, top step salary $107,931 (one step increase annually for seven years). 4 Lateral police officer salary determined by experience, training and education. SALARY: 1 ", "Police or Sheriff's Patrol Officer Salary. (United States). The average salary for a Police or Sheriff's Patrol Officer is $44,913 per year. Experience has a moderate effect on pay for this job. Most people with this job move on to other positions after 20 years in this career. $29,591 - $76,611. ", "The median annual wage for police and detectives was $56,980 in May 2012. The median wage is the wage at which half the workers in an occupation earned more than that amount and half earned less. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $33,060, and the top 10 percent earned more than $93,450. ", "The average starting salaries of new police officers ranged from $26,600 to $49,500, with larger jurisdictions generally paying higher wages, the BJS says. The median annual wage earned by police officers as of 2011 was $54,230, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Salaries received by the bottom 10 percent of officers were $32,080 or less.", "The salaries of police officers often depend on the state and town where they serve. Location is the largest factor to a police officer’s salary in states like Missouri. The average salary for a police officer is $28,000 a year in Missouri, according to Indeed.com. This rate matches the national average. Median pay for police officers varies widely throughout the state, with St. Louis police officer earning an average of about $51,000 a year and those in Springfield earning $47,000 a year, according to Salary.com. The lowest hourly pay rate for a police officer is in Hillsdale, which an hour of work pays only $11.18, according NBC News. That average hourly pay eventually adds up to an annual salary of $23,251.", "For example the median expected annual pay for a typical Police Patrol Officer in the United States is $52,799, so 50% of the people who perform the job of Police Patrol Officer in the United States are expected to make less than $52,799. Source: HR Reported data as of October 2015. 1 Salary. 2 Salary + Bonus. 3 Benefits. ", "The New York Police Department is the largest municipal police force in the United States. Rookie cops in the NYPD receive a base salary of $41,975 per year. Total compensation, comprised of base pay and payments covering uniform costs and other considerations, amounts to $44,744. Wages increase at regular intervals during a rookie's first five-and-a-half years on the job. After two-and-a-half years on the job, a police officer receives a base salary of $48,779 and a total compensation package of $53,819. Base salaries increase on an annual basis by $3,000 to $5,000 over the next few years." ], "url": [ "http://work.chron.com/police-officers-starting-salary-6740.html", "http://www.newsmax.com/FastFeatures/average-salary-police-officer-Michigan/2015/07/15/id/657323/", "http://www.sjpd.org/joinsjpdblue/SalaryBenefits.html", "http://www.payscale.com/research/US/Job=Police_or_Sheriff%27s_Patrol_Officer/Salary", "http://www.bls.gov/ooh/Protective-Service/Police-and-detectives.htm", "http://work.chron.com/police-officers-starting-salary-6740.html", "http://www.newsmax.com/FastFeatures/average-salary-police-officer-Missouri/2015/07/18/id/657847/", "http://www1.salary.com/Police-Officer-salary.html", "http://work.chron.com/salary-rookie-cop-nypd-2215.html" ] }

[]

[ "A moth ball" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "It is found in the wood of the camphor laurel (Cinnamomum camphora), a large evergreen tree found in Asia (particularly in Sumatra, Indonesia and Borneo) and also of the unrelated kapur tree, a tall timber tree from the same region. In biosynthesis, camphor is produced from geranyl pyrophosphate, via cyclisation of linaloyl pyrophosphate to bornyl pyrophosphate, followed by hydrolysis to borneol and oxidation to camphor.", "It is used for its scent, as an ingredient in cooking (mainly in India), as an embalming fluid, for medicinal purposes, and in religious ceremonies. A major source of camphor in Asia is camphor basil (the parent of African blue basil). In biosynthesis, camphor is produced from geranyl pyrophosphate, via cyclisation of linaloyl pyrophosphate to bornyl pyrophosphate, followed by hydrolysis to borneol and oxidation to camphor.", "---Description--- Camphor is a white crystalline substance, obtained from the tree Cinnamonum camphora, but the name has been given to various concrete odorous volatile products, found in different aromatic plants. The commercial Camphor comes only from C. camphora and Dryobalanops camphora (fam. Dipterocarpacaea). ", "Camphor (/ˈkaemfər/) ˈkæmfər is a, waxy, flammable white or transparent solid with a strong aromatic. odor In biosynthesis, camphor is produced from geranyl pyrophosphate, via cyclisation of linaloyl pyrophosphate to bornyl pyrophosphate, followed by hydrolysis to borneol and oxidation to camphor.", "* Camphor (mothballs) is very difficult to get rid of and it's toxic. Using a white vinegar/water spray will help to get the smell out. Spray article (drawers in cabinets, couches) and use 2 cups in a wash cycle for clothes that have been packed in mothballs. Air furniture or clothing outside for 3 - 4 days if possible.", "Camphor laurel contains volatile chemical compounds in all plant parts, and the wood and leaves are steam distilled for the essential oils. Camphor laurel has six different chemical variants called chemotypes, which are camphor, linalool, 1,8- cineole, nerolidol, safrole, or borneol. Cinnamomum camphora (commonly known as camphor tree, camphorwood or camphor laurel) is a large evergreen tree that grows up to 20–30 m (66–98 ft) tall. The leaves have a glossy, waxy appearance and smell of camphor when crushed. In spring, it produces bright green foliage with masses of small white flowers. It produces clusters of black, berry-like fruit around 1 cm (0.39 in) in diameter", "Camphor Tree. Camphor tree (Cinnamomum camphora) not only has fragrant leaves, but also scented flowers. It’s also commonly called camphor laurel because it belongs to the laurel plant family (Lauraceae). The camphor tree is long-lived, with a potential lifespan of 150 years. ", "Best Answer: Hi, The smell of camphor is characteristic, however, it resembles that of Rosemary. She is strong, penetrating, not unpleasant for some people, intolerable for many others. ", ", CINNAMOMUM CAMPHORA. The camphor tree produces a white crystalline substance, camphor, which has been much used as insect repellant. If you have ever smelled a moth ball-that’s camphor. It comes from the wood of the evergreen tree which can grow up to 100 feet and can have a canopy of 6 or 7 feet in diameter." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camphor", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camphor", "http://www.botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/c/campho13.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camphor", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_do_you_remove_the_camphor_smell", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinnamomum_camphora", "http://homeguides.sfgate.com/trees-smell-like-menthol-83481.html", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20120224165238AAIuaym", "http://herbs-treatandtaste.blogspot.com/2011/08/camphor-tree-moth-ball-tree-information.html" ] }

[]

[ "It should be under 200 mg/dL." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "A normal total cholesterol level should be under 200 mg/dL. It's best to consider total cholesterol to be a good overview number, not the number that you use to decide whether or not you have an ideal cholesterol reading. In fact, total cholesterol levels can be misleading. For example, a person can have a normal total cholesterol level but have a low HDL level and high LDL level. Both low HDL levels and high LDL levels increase a person's risk for heart disease.", "HDL (good) cholesterol protects against heart disease, so for HDL, higher numbers are better. A level less than 40 mg/dL is low and is considered a major risk factor because it increases your risk for developing heart disease. HDL levels of 60 mg/dL or more help to lower your risk for heart disease. ", "In the United States, cholesterol levels are calculated in milligrams of cholesterol for each deciliter of blood. A result of under 200 mg per dL (5.2 mmol/L) is ideal. A level somewhere between 200 to 239 mg per dL (5.2 and 6.2 mmol/L) is within the edge line of high-risk class. In that case, your doctor might advise you to develop a preventing low cholesterol diet plan.", "Your total cholesterol level is in the Desirable range, but your level of bad LDL cholesterol is High. This may mean that your level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), or good cholesterol, is too low. It is best to have a high level of good HDL and a low level of bad LDL. Congratulations! Your total cholesterol level is in the Desirable range, and your level of bad LDL cholesterol is optimal. Congratulations! Your total cholesterol level is in the Desirable range, and your level of bad LDL cholesterol is near optimal.", "Your total cholesterol level is Borderline High. Your level of bad LDL cholesterol is Borderline High, too. Working to bring down your total cholesterol decreases your LDL cholesterol level. You can do this by exercising more and eating less food with saturated fats. Your total cholesterol level is High, and your level of bad LDL cholesterol is Very High", "LDL levels are therefore the very best gauge of risk of cardiac arrest. A low LDL cholesterol is much better. Lower than 100 mg per dL (2.6 mmol/L) is the ideal. Between 100 and 129 mg per dL (2.6 and 3.3 mmol/L) is close to ideal, while between 130 and 159 mg per dL (3.4 and 4.1 mmol/L) is borderline elevated. A result of under 200 mg per dL (5.2 mmol/L) is ideal. A level somewhere between 200 to 239 mg per dL (5.2 and 6.2 mmol/L) is within the edge line of high-risk class. In that case, your doctor might advise you to develop a preventing low cholesterol diet plan.", "Total blood (or serum) cholesterol. Your total cholesterol score is calculated using the following equation: HDL + LDL + 20 percent of your triglyceride level. HDL (good) cholesterol. With HDL cholesterol, higher levels are better. Low HDL cholesterol puts you at higher risk for heart disease", "Your total blood cholesterol is a measure of the cholesterol components LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol, HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol, and VLDL (very low-density lipoprotein, which is the triglyceride-carrying component of lipids). ", "Healthy Cholesterol Levels. The recommended HDL level is higher in women than men. Aim to keep your total cholesterol level less than 200 mg/dL and LDL cholesterol less than 100 mg/dL. The desired HDL level is greater than 50 mg/dL and levels greater than 60 mg/dL are considered protective against heart disease. It is important to be aware of your cholesterol levels because a high cholesterol level double your risk for developing cardiovascular disease. The recommended level of cholesterol differs slightly for men and women and knowing your numbers is the first step in keeping your cholesterol at a healthy level." ], "url": [ "http://cholesterol.emedtv.com/cholesterol/normal-cholesterol-levels.html", "http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/resources/heart/heart-cholesterol-hbc-what-html", "http://www.cholesterolmenu.com/cholesterol-levels-chart/", "http://www.webmd.com/cholesterol-management/guide/understanding-numbers", "http://www.webmd.com/cholesterol-management/guide/understanding-numbers?page=2", "http://www.cholesterolmenu.com/cholesterol-levels-chart/", "http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/Cholesterol/AboutCholesterol/What-Your-Cholesterol-Levels-Mean_UCM_305562_Article.jsp", "http://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases_conditions/hic_Cholesterol/hic_what_do_cholesterol_numbers_mean", "http://www.livestrong.com/article/388701-what-is-the-normal-cholesterol-level-for-women/" ] }

[]

[ "$168,000." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The average salary for anesthesiologist jobs is $168,000. Average anesthesiologist salaries can vary greatly due to company, location, industry, experience and benefits. This salary was calculated using the average salary for all jobs with the term anesthesiologist anywhere in the job listing.", "An anesthesiologist’s average salary is very good. The BLS reports the profession’s median salary was higher than $187,199 in 2014, but the average pay for this position was $246,320. The highest-paid anesthesiologists work in Youngstown, Ohio; Wichita, Kansas; Tulsa, Oklahoma; Tucson, Arizona; and Tampa, Florida.", "An Anesthesiologist salary can be affected by many different factors such as geographical location of your job, the type of facility you work in, specialty and experience. In the United States, an anesthesiologist can expect to earn on average about $343,000 each year and this can go up to about $425,000. The salary also depends on the industry you work in. You may work in healthcare, pharmaceutical, biotechnology, education, government and non-profit organizations.", "Conclusion about anesthesiologist salary. Anesthesiologist’s salary varies by assignment and an average pay rate is around $1,200 per day which may go up to $1,350 for pediatric or cardiac cases. In fact, anesthesiologists receive about $6,000 to $6,750 per week through the assignments.", "Average anesthesiologist salary. The annual salary for an Anesthesiologist is about $166,400 while the median salary for an anesthesiologist based in US is $335,078. As you can see average anesthesiologist salary is one of the highest salary in medical sector.", "There are no specific reports about anesthesiologist nurse’s salary. However, nurse anesthetists, professionals with a relevant profession, earned an average of $158,900 per year in 2014, according to the BLS. According to PayScale, nurse anesthetists earned between $90,924 and $186,905 per year." ], "url": [ "http://www.simplyhired.com/salaries-k-anesthesiologist-jobs.html", "http://money.usnews.com/careers/best-jobs/anesthesiologist/salary", "http://www.healthcareworkersalary.com/physicians/anesthesiologist-salary/", "http://www.healthcare-salaries.com/physicians/anesthesiologist-salary", "http://www.healthcare-salaries.com/physicians/anesthesiologist-salary", "http://www.healthcare-salaries.com/physicians/anesthesiologist-salary" ] }

[]

[ "28 to 35 days" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The average time for a goose egg to hatch is thirty days after it has been laid. There are variations in species, but for domesticated geese, the average incubation time is a month.", "Most goose eggs take from 28 to 32 days to hatch. However, it is not uncommon for them to hatch anywhere from day 26 to day 35. Goose eggs take the same temperature as chickens---99.5 forced air and 101.5 still air. They also need a much higher humidity--at least 65% from days 1-26, then 85% or more until they hatch.", "You get a male and female goose. You put them in a safe place outdoors with food and plenty of water. In the spring, the female will lay about 20 eggs which she will set … on both day and night until the eggs hatch about 28 days later.", "Infertile eggs should be discarded and fertile eggs should be returned to the nest. 5. Wait until the eggs hatch. Incubation can take 28 to 35 days, and hatching can take as long as three days. 1 Keep the conditions of the nest clean throughout this entire period and continue turning the eggs each day during the entire process.", "How long do waterfowl eggs take to hatch? That depends on the type of eggs one is incubating. Bantam duck eggs usually hatch in 27-28 days for me. The eggs of large ducks and most geese take approximately 28-30 days with Chinas often hatching a day or so earlier.", "I'm hatching my first set of goose eggs and was just wondering how long they are supposed to take to hatch. They are Toulouse breed and I was told it should take 28 days.", "Mallards lay between 8-12 eggs and muscovies lay between 12-18 eggs. The egg laying process lasts for an equal number of days (it takes 12 days to lay 12 eggs). Once egg laying is complete, she will leave the male (who will wait at the water for her) and she will begin incubation on the nest fulltime." ], "url": [ "http://www.ehow.co.uk/facts_5044393_long-goose-eggs-hatch.html", "http://www.backyardchickens.com/a/goose-egg-hatching", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_long_for_goose_eggs_to_hatch", "http://www.wikihow.com/Hatch-a-Goose-Egg", "http://www.acornhollowbantams.com/hatching_rearing.cfm?id=39", "http://www.backyardchickens.com/t/777559/how-long-does-it-take-for-a-toulouse-goose-to-hatch", "http://wildliferehabber.com/content/duck-information" ] }

[]

[ "Inflammation of the digestive organs, such as gastritis and pancreatitis." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Epigastric pain has many possible causes. Most commonly, epigastric pain is the result of overeating, drinking alcohol while eating, or consuming greasy or spicy foods. Epigastric pain can be caused by digestive conditions such as acid reflux or lactose intolerance. Other causes of epigastric pain. Epigastric pain may have other causes including: Barrett’s esophagus (cellular changes in the esophagus that may lead to esophageal cancer). Esophagitis (inflammation of the esophagus). Gallstones or gallbladder disease.", "The following medical conditions are some of the possible causes of Epigastric pain. There are likely to be other possible causes, so ask your doctor about your symptoms. List of 93 causes of Epigastric pain. This section shows a full list of all the diseases and conditions listed as a possible cause of Epigastric pain in our database from various sources. 1 Abdominal hernia. 2 Angina. 3 Ankylostomiasis-epigastric pain. 4 Biliary pain. 5 Callistin shellfish poisoning", "Epigastric pain can be due to common causes including: Dyspepsia (indigestion). Gastritis (inflammation of the stomach lining). Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), a condition in which acidic stomach contents flow back into the esophagus. Heartburn. Lactose intolerance. Pregnancy. Other causes of epigastric pain. Epigastric pain may have other causes including: Barrett’s esophagus (cellular changes in the esophagus that may lead to esophageal cancer). Esophagitis (inflammation of the esophagus). Gallstones or gallbladder disease.", "Epigastric pain is pain that is localized to the region of the upper abdomen immediately below the ribs. Often, those who experience this type of pain feel it during or right after eating or if they lie down too soon after eating. It is a common symptom of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or heartburn. It may be associated with the gastric contents moving upward into the back of the throat, causing inflammation and a burning pain. Epigastric pain may also occur with conditions that cause inflammation of the digestive organs, such as gastritis and pancreatitis. Pregnant women may experience epigastric pain due to increased abdominal pressure and hormonal changes that slow the digestive process", "Many conditions can cause upper abdominal pain. Causes of middle-upper abdominal pain include: Causes of right upper abdominal pain include: Causes of left upper abdominal pain include: 1 Abdominal wall muscle strain. 2 Abdominal aortic aneurysm. 3 Acute pancreatitis. 4 Gallbladder disease. 5 Gastric cancer. 6 Gastritis. 7 Gastroenteritis.", "Conditions listing medical symptoms: Epigastric pain: The following list of conditions have ' Epigastric pain ' or similar listed as a symptom in our database. This computer-generated list may be inaccurate or incomplete. Always seek prompt professional medical advice about the cause of any symptom. List of 93 causes of Epigastric pain. This section shows a full list of all the diseases and conditions listed as a possible cause of Epigastric pain in our database from various sources. 1 Abdominal hernia. 2 Angina. 3 Ankylostomiasis-epigastric pain. 4 Biliary pain. 5 Callistin shellfish poisoning", "Shares & Saves. Save. Epigastric pain is an ache or soreness in the upper and middle portions of the abdomen, just below the sternum. There are a variety of causes for abdominal pain, and it is often difficult to pinpoint the exact cause without extensive testing. Gastroesophageal reflux disease, lactose intolerance, gallstones and pancreatitis are a few of the most common causes of epigastric pain.", "Epigastric pain-Location, Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment. The epigastrium is one of the quadrants of the abdomen. It is the region lying between the subcostal plane and the costal margins. To understand this, it is the region that is located in the middle of the upper part of the abdomen. There are many causes of the epigastric pain. Many disorders and diseases can lead to the uncomfortable feeling in this area. Therefore, it becomes difficult to diagnose the exact condition causing this pain. Here, we have presented all the possible aetiologies behind this pai" ], "url": [ "http://www.healthgrades.com/symptoms/epigastric-pain--causes", "http://www.rightdiagnosis.com/symptoms/epigastric_pain/", "http://www.healthgrades.com/symptoms/epigastric-pain--causes", "http://www.healthgrades.com/symptoms/epigastric-pain", "http://www.freemd.com/epigastric-pain/underlying-cause.htm", "http://www.rightdiagnosis.com/symptoms/epigastric_pain/", "http://www.ehow.com/info_8141198_epigastric-pain-causes.html", "http://www.ihealthblogger.com/2013/03/epigastric-pain-causes-symptoms-diagnosis-treatment.html" ] }

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[ "It is a substance that conducts heat and electricity poorly, is brittle or waxy or gaseous, and cannot be hammered into sheets or drawn into wire." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Nonmetal Definition: One of the elements which do not exhibit metallic properties, generally located in the upper righthand corner of the Periodic Table. Example: oxygen, nitrogen. Return to the Chemistry Glossary Index. By Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D. ", "General Chemistry Dictionary. (metal,metalloid) A nonmetal is a substance that conducts heat and electricity poorly, is brittle or waxy or gaseous, and cannot be hammered into sheets or drawn into wire. Nonmetals gain electrons easily to form anions. About 20% of the known chemical elements are nonmetals. Define: (metal,metalloid) A nonmetal is a substance that conducts heat and electricity poorly, is brittle or waxy or gaseous, and cannot be hammered into sheets or drawn into wire. Nonmetals gain electrons easily to form anion", "Medical Definition of NONMETAL. : a chemical element (as boron, carbon, or nitrogen) that lacks the characteristics of a metal and that is able to form anions, acidic oxides, acids, and stable compounds with hydrogen. : a chemical element (as boron, carbon, or nitrogen) that lacks the characteristics of a metal. See nonmetal defined for kids. ADVERTISEMENT.", "189 pages on this wiki. Nonmetal is a term used in chemistry when classifying the chemical elements. On the basis of their general physical and chemical properties, every element in the periodic table can be termed either a metal or a nonmetal. (A few elements with intermediate properties are referred to as metalloids .). The elements generally regarded as nonmetals are: 1 hydrogen (H). 2 In Group 14: carbon (C).", "Non-metals are the elements in groups 14-16 of the periodic table. Non-metals are not able to conduct electricity or heat very well. As opposed to metals, non-metallic elements are very brittle, and cannot be rolled into wires or pounded into sheets. ", "Only 17 elements on the periodic table are nonmetal elements, yet they make up most of the matter in the Universe, and most of us living things! Many sources define nonmetal elements as elements that are not metals and lack qualities of metals. What that means is that nonmetal elements are elements with relatively low boiling points, that are poor conductors of heat and electricity and that do not readily give up their electrons. ", "Noun. 1. nonmetal-a chemical element lacking typical metallic properties. chemical element, element-any of the more than 100 known substances (of which 92 occur naturally) that cannot be separated into simpler substances and that singly or in combination constitute all matter.", "Definition of NONMETAL. : a chemical element (as boron, carbon, or nitrogen) that lacks the characteristics of a metal. See nonmetal defined for kids. ADVERTISEMENT.", "LINK / CITE ADD TO WORD LIST. adjective. The definition of nonmetal is an element that doesn’t have the characteristics of metal including: ability to conduct heat or electricity, luster, or flexibility. An example of a nonmetal element is carbon. nonmetal. any of those elements lacking the characteristics of a metal; specif., any of the electronegative elements (e.g., oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, fluorine, phosphorus, sulfur) whose oxides form acids and stable compounds with hydrogen." ], "url": [ "http://chemistry.about.com/od/chemistryglossary/a/nonmetaldef.htm", "http://www.science-dictionary.org/nonmetal", "http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/nonmetal", "http://chemistry.wikia.com/wiki/Nonmetal", "http://www.chemicalelements.com/groups/nonmetals.html", "http://study.com/academy/lesson/nonmetal-elements-on-the-periodic-table-definition-properties-reactions.html", "http://www.thefreedictionary.com/nonmetal", "http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/nonmetal", "http://www.yourdictionary.com/nonmetal" ] }

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[ "This is an electronic, computerized unit that is the brains behind the sprinkler system. The controller utilizes a timer that tells your system which set of sprinkler heads need to turn on when, and for how long." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Publisert 13. aug. 2012. I demonstrate a diagnostic algorithm for workup of a defective solenoid as a cause of failure to water a sprinkler zone in a home irrigation system. This algorithm would be a reasonable approach if you have a single zone of sprinklers that delivers inadequate water. ", "1. Pop the cover off the sprinkler system controller and make sure the wires -- from the valve for the zone that is not working -- are firmly attached to the terminals. If the terminals are firmly attached, check the voltage to the zone with a multimeter. 2. If the terminals are firmly attached, check the voltage to the zone with a multimeter. Set the multimeter to “voltage” and turn on the zone with the controller. Touch one of the leads to the common terminal -- marked with “c” or “com” -- and touch the other lead to the terminal for the zone that is not working.", "A. If it rained at your house every three days -- the same exact amount each time -- you probably would not need a sprinkler system. But nature doesn't work that way, and the only way to ensure healthy, lush yard is to make certain that your lawn and plants receive a regularly timed and evenly measured amount of water. ", "Installing a sprinkler or irrigation system for your lawn &/or garden is perhaps one of the few home improvement projects that actually makes your life much easier. Hand watering gardens, flower beds, or lawns-moving a lawn sprinkler attached to the hose every 20 minutes-is not most homeowners' idea of fun. We'll start with the controller. This is an electronic, computerized unit that is the brains behind the sprinkler system. The controller utilizes a timer that tells your system which set of sprinkler heads need to turn on when, and for how long. It is connected to a set of valves that regulate the flow of water into a specific zone in your sprinkler system", "Sprinkler systems have valve controls for an area, or zone. Sprinkler valves have an electrical solenoid on top that receives a signal from the controller as to the time and duration of an irrigation schedule. Systems require annual maintenance before the first use to flush any debris or sand in the water pipes. 9. Mark each valve with a white paint marker to indicate a zone number that it operates. For future use, make a diagram of your sprinkler system on paper, showing the location of each valve box, each valve and the area it irrigates.", "5. Observe the sprinkler zones as the water enters the pipes. The sprinkler zone that this open valve controls will have water flowing out of the riser at the end of the zone without a sprinkler head. Allow the water to flow for about five minutes to flush the system. 9. Mark each valve with a white paint marker to indicate a zone number that it operates. For future use, make a diagram of your sprinkler system on paper, showing the location of each valve box, each valve and the area it irrigates.", "If your electric irrigation system valve is leaking, not opening, or not closing as it should, this tutorial will tell you step-by-step how to repair it. How to repair a sprinkler or drip irrigation system solenoid valve. ", "Check the valves. Check the valves on the backflow device to make sure they're open. Turn the valve on the horizontal pipe first, then the vertical pipe valve. Low water pressure will result in the sprinkler heads barely shooting water. In extreme cases, many of the heads won't even pop up. Start with the easiest solution. Make sure the valves at the backflow device are fully open.", "In this video a sprinkler system has a station that is not watering. The first troubleshooting step is to isolate where the problem is. This video shows how to test the power to the valve and determine if the valve is faulty or if the problem is something else. 1 Howto & Style. 2 Standard YouTube License. " ], "url": [ "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=INfhv-b2rEw", "http://homeguides.sfgate.com/fix-one-zone-lawn-sprinkler-system-isnt-working-94411.html", "http://www.rainbird.com/homeowner/education/faq.htm", "http://www.thelogconnection.com/news-article.html?SprinklerSystems", "http://homeguides.sfgate.com/determine-sprinkler-valve-controls-zone-74713.html", "http://homeguides.sfgate.com/determine-sprinkler-valve-controls-zone-74713.html", "http://www.irrigationtutorials.com/", "http://www.familyhandyman.com/landscaping/fixing-sprinkler-systems/view-all", "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wfR_oygPu8s" ] }

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[ "He was the tenth President of the United States (1841–1845).He was elected vice president on the 1840 Whig ticket with William Henry Harrison, and became president after his running mate 's death." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "John Tyler, the first vice president to finish the term of a president who had died in office, established a pattern in 1841 that would be followed for more than a century. The Constitution was not entirely clear about what would happen if a president died. His illness developed into pneumonia, and died on April 4, 1841, a month after taking office. Vice president John Tyler, at home in Virginia and unaware of the seriousness of the president's illness, was informed that the president had died.", "Becoming President: John Tyler was the Vice President under William Henry Harrison in the election of 1840. He was chosen to balance the ticket since he was from the South. He took over upon Harrison's quick demise after only one month in office.", "President Tyler was never elected President. In his attempt to get elected to a second term he had a biography written titled: Life of John Tyler. He then pressured post master he had appointed to buy and distribute copies of the booklet. John Tyler didn't have a Vice President (a first). He had been William Henry Harrison's VP, and the position was not filled when Tyler assumed the presidency. He was the first Vice President to replace a President due to death. John Tyler was the first President whose wife died while he was holding the office of the President. Tyler was the first president to marry while in office. No U.S. president had more children.", "John Tyler was the Vice President under President William Henry Harrison from March 4, 1841 to April 4, 1841. President William Henry Harrison died 32 days into his term, and John Tyler Succeeded Harrison to become the The 10th President of the United States. President Tyler finished the term without a Vice President from April 4, 1841 March 4, 1845. John Tyler became the 10th President of the United States whe … n Harrison died 32 days into his term. John Tyler was in office from April 4, 1841 to March 4, 1845, and did not have a Vice President.", "John Tyler was the tenth United States President (1841-45). He was the first President born after the Constitution was adopted. He was a maverick Democrat who refused to truly give allegiance to any political party. He was the Vice President of William Henry Harrison and became President upon Harrison's death. This was the first time that the Succession Amendment had to be used. John Tyler was born on March 29, l790, in Charles County, Virginia.", "Synopsis. John Tyler was born on March 29, 1790, in Charles City County, Virginia. Like his father, Tyler served as governor of Virginia. Representing the Whig Party, he was the first vice president to become president due the death of his predecessor (President William Henry Harrison). Tyler was sworn in as the 10th president of the United States in 1841. He died after suffering a stroke on January 18, 1862, in Richmond, Virginia. In 1840, the Whig Party nominated Tyler as vice president to presidential candidate William Henry Harrison. Promoting themselves as Tippecanoe and Tyler Too (Harrison fought in the Battle of Tippercanoe), Harrison and Tyler won the election, and were inaugurated in March 1841.", "He was a lawyer in Virginia. John Tyler was the Vice President under President William Henry Harrison from March 4, 1841 to April 4, 1841 before he succeded Harrison after his … death, to become the 10th President of the United States. John Tyler became the 10th President of the United States whe … n Harrison died 32 days into his term. John Tyler was in office from April 4, 1841 to March 4, 1845, and did not have a Vice President.", "John Tyler. John Tyler became the tenth President of the United States (1841-1845) when President William Henry Harrison died in April 1841. He was the first Vice President to succeed to the Presidency after the death of his predecessor. Dubbed His Accidency by his detractors, John Tyler was the first Vice President to be elevated to the office of President by the death of his predecessor. Born in Virginia in 1790, he was raised believing that the Constitution must be strictly construed. He never wavered from this conviction", "John Tyler (March 29, 1790 – January 18, 1862) was the tenth President of the United States (1841–1845). He was elected vice president on the 1840 Whig ticket with William Henry Harrison, and became president after his running mate 's death in April 1841. " ], "url": [ "http://history1800s.about.com/od/leaders/a/johntyler01.htm", "http://americanhistory.about.com/od/johntyler/p/ptyler.htm", "http://www.classroomhelp.com/lessons/Presidents/tyler.html", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Who_was_John_Tyler's_Vice_President", "http://www.sheppardsoftware.com/History/presidents/Presidents_10_Tyler.htm", "http://www.biography.com/people/john-tyler-9512796", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Who_was_John_Tyler's_Vice_President", "https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/johntyler", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Tyler" ] }

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[ "November 27, 1940" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Bruce Lee (Chinese: 李小龍; born Lee Jun-fan, Chinese: 李振藩; November 27, 1940 – July 20, 1973) was a Hong Kong American martial artist, Hong Kong action film actor, martial arts instructor, philosopher, filmmaker, and the founder of Jeet Kune Do. Lee was the son of Cantonese opera star Lee Hoi-Chuen.", "Bruce Lee was born on November 27, 1940, in San Francisco, California. He was a child actor in Hong Kong who later returned to the U.S. and taught martial arts. He starred in the TV series The Green Hornet (1966-67) and became a major box office draw in The Chinese Connection and Fists of Fury.", "The biography and story of Bruce Lee began on November 27, 1940 in San Francisco, California. He was born Lee Jun Fan, the fourth child of a Chinese father named Lee Hoi-Chuen and a mother of Chinese and German ancestry named Grace.", "Bruce Lee was born in San Francisco on November 27, 1940 in the year of the Dragon while his father was on tour with the Chinese Opera. Lee was raised, however, in Hong Kong where he began his first formal training in martial arts with Wing Chung Master, Yip Man when he was 13.", "Iconic actor, director and martial-arts expert Bruce Lee was born Lee Jun Fan on November 27, 1940, in San Francisco, California, in both the hour and year of the Dragon.", "A+E Networks. On this day in 1940, the actor and martial-arts expert Bruce Lee is born in San Francisco, California. In his all-too-brief career, Lee became a film star in Asia, and a pop-culture icon, posthumously, in America. Lee was born while his father, a Chinese opera star, was on tour", "On this day in 1940, the actor and martial-arts expert Bruce Lee is born in San Francisco, California. In his all-too-brief career, Lee became a film star in Asia, and a pop-culture icon, posthumously, in America. Lee was born while his father, a Chinese opera star, was on tour", "Bruce Lee was born in the hour of the dragon, between 6-8 a.m., in the Year of the Dragon according to the Chinese zodiac calendar, November 27, 1940 at the Chinese Hospital in San Francisco s Chinatown in the United States. Bruce Lee birthplace was San Francisco, California although he was raised in Hong Kong." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_Lee", "http://www.biography.com/people/bruce-lee-9542095", "http://martialarts.about.com/od/martialartsculture/p/brucelee.htm", "http://www.brucelee.com/legacy", "http://www.biography.com/people/bruce-lee-9542095", "http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/bruce-lee-born", "http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/bruce-lee-born", "http://maniacworld.com/Bruce_Lee.htm" ] }

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[ "On March 3, 1918, at Brest-Litovsk (now Brest, Belarus) between the Russian SFSR and the Central Powers, marking Russia's exit from World War." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, in force for only eight months, was a separate peace agreement between the Central Powers and Russia. It was designed to end the latter's participation in World War I without the consent of the Allied Powers. ", "The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was the peace agreement that formally ended Russia’s involvement in World War I, signed in the Polish city of the same name on March 3rd 1918. The path to the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was a bumpy one, filled with demands, delays and divided opinions. 1. The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was an agreement between Russia and Germany that ended Russia’s involvement in World War I. Negotiations for this treaty began in the Polish town of Brest-Litovsk in December 1917. 2.", "The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk brought about the end of the war between Russia and Germany in 1918. ", "Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was a peace treaty signed on March 3, 1918, at Brest-Litovsk (now Brest, Belarus) between the Russian SFSR and the Central Powers, marking Russia's exit from World War I. ", "On March 3, 1918, in the city of Brest-Litovsk, located in modern-day Belarus near the Polish border, Russia signed a treaty with the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria) ending its participation in World War I (1914-18). Treaty of Brest-Litovsk: March 3, 1918. An armistice was reached in early December 1917 and a formal cease-fire was declared December 15, but determining the terms of peace between Russia and the Central Powers proved to be far more complicated.", "The Treaty of Brest Litovsk. The signing of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk on March 3, 1918 officially ended Russia’s involvement in World War I. The treaty was signed in time for the Germans to devote all of their resources to a spring offensive on the Western Front. ", "The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was a peace treaty signed on March 3, 1918, at Brest-Litovsk (now Brest, Belarus) between the Russian SFSR and the Central Powers, marking Russia's … exit from World War I. 15 people found this useful. ", "Template:Infobox Treaty. The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was a peace treaty on March 3, 1918, between the new Bolshevik government of Russia (the Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic) and the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and Turkey), which ended Russia's participation in World War I. Borders drawn up in Brest-Litovsk. The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed on 3 March 1918. The signatories were Bolshevik Russia on the one side and the German Empire, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and Turkey on the other.", "(November 2007). The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was a peace treaty signed on March 3, 1918, between the new Bolshevik government of Soviet Russia and the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and Ottoman Empire), that ended Russia's participation in World War I. The treaty was signed at Brest-Litovsk (Polish: Brześć Litewski; since 1945 Brest, Belarus), after two months of negotiations. The treaty was forced on the Bolshevik government by the threat of further advances by German and Austrian forces." ], "url": [ "http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h1341.html", "http://alphahistory.com/russianrevolution/treaty-of-brest-litovsk/", "http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/modern-world-history-1918-to-1980/russia-1900-to-1939/treaty-of-brest-litovsk/", "https://quizlet.com/308628/world-history-final-vocab-flash-cards/", "http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-i/treaties-of-brest-litovsk", "http://russiasgreatwar.org/media/international/brest.shtml", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_was_the_impact_of_the_treaty_of_brest-litovsk_on_russia", "http://military.wikia.com/wiki/Treaty_of_Brest-Litovsk", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Brest-Litovsk" ] }

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[ "Glucosamine in the body is used to make a cushion that surrounds the joints. In osteoarthritis, this cushion becomes thinner and stiff. Taking glucosamine hydrochloride as a supplement might help to supply the materials needed to rebuild the cushion." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "Oral glucosamine is a dietary supplement and is not a pharmaceutical drug. It is illegal in the US to market any dietary supplement as a treatment for any disease or condition. Glucosamine is often sold in combination with other supplements such as chondroitin sulfate and methylsulfonylmethane. Of the three commonly available forms of glucosamine, only glucosamine sulfate is given a likely effective rating for treating osteoarthritis.", "Glucosamine is usually made from seashells, or it can be made in the laboratory. Glucosamine hydrochloride is one of several forms of glucosamine. Glucosamine hydrochloride is used for osteoarthritis, knee pain, back pain, and glaucoma. However, no one knows yet whether it is effective for any of these conditions. There have been some preliminary studies, but more research is needed. ", "Glucosamine hydrochloride is POSSIBLY SAFE for most adults when used short-term.when taken by mouth for up to 2 years. The safety of long-term use is unknown. Glucosamine hydrochloride can cause gas, bloating, and cramps. Some glucosamine products do not contain the labeled amount of glucosamine or contain excessive amounts of manganese. Ask your healthcare provider about reliable brands.", "Glucosamine is available in oral supplements as glucosamine sulfate, glucosamine hydrochloride, and n-acetyl glucosamine. These products may come in tablet, capsule, and powder forms. It is often combined with chondroitin and sometimes manganese as well. Manganese is a trace mineral necessary for normal bone health. ", "To treat high cholesterol, 1,500 milligrams of glucosamine, 1,527 milligrams of glucosamine sulfate (equivalent to 1,200 milligrams glucosamine), or 750 milligrams glucosamine hydrochloride (equal to 625 milligrams glucosamine) has been taken by mouth daily for up to 14 weeks. To treat knee osteoarthritis, 300-500 milligrams of glucosamine sulfate or 480 milligrams of glucosamine hydrochloride has been taken by mouth three times daily for up to 12 weeks. To treat low back pain, 1500 milligrams of glucosamine has been taken by mouth daily for six months.", "Glucosamine is one of the most abundant monosaccharides. It is produced commercially by the hydrolysis of crustacean exoskeletons or, less commonly, by fermentation of a grain such as corn or wheat. Glucosamine appears to be safe for use as a dietary supplement; effectiveness has not been established for any condition. In the US it is one of the most common non-vitamin, non-mineral, dietary supplements used by adults. Glucosamine is often sold in combination with other supplements such as chondroitin sulfate and methylsulfonylmethane. Of the three commonly available forms of glucosamine, only glucosamine sulfate is given a likely effective rating for treating osteoarthritis.", "Glucosamine is usually made from seashells, or it can be made in the laboratory. Glucosamine hydrochloride is one of several forms of glucosamine. Glucosamine hydrochloride is used for osteoarthritis, knee pain, back pain, and glaucoma. However, no one knows yet whether it is effective for any of these conditions. The safety of long-term use is unknown. Glucosamine hydrochloride can cause gas, bloating, and cramps. Some glucosamine products do not contain the labeled amount of glucosamine or contain excessive amounts of manganese. Ask your healthcare provider about reliable brands.", "Glucosamine hydrochloride is one of the three different forms of glucosamine (the others are glucosamine sulfate and N-acetyl glucosamine). It is derived from the shells of lobsters, shrimp, and crabs. Glucosamine hydrochloride is often used in combination with chondroitin, another dietary supplement.", "To treat bone diseases (Kashin-Beck disease), 480 milligrams of glucosamine hydrochloride has been taken by mouth three times daily for six months, as well as 750 milligrams of glucosamine hydrochloride by mouth twice daily for six weeks. To treat knee osteoarthritis, 300-500 milligrams of glucosamine sulfate or 480 milligrams of glucosamine hydrochloride has been taken by mouth three times daily for up to 12 weeks. To treat low back pain, 1500 milligrams of glucosamine has been taken by mouth daily for six months.", "Glucosamine in the body is used to make a cushion that surrounds the joints. In osteoarthritis, this cushion becomes thinner and stiff. Taking glucosamine hydrochloride as a supplement might help to supply the materials needed to rebuild the cushion. Glucosamine hydrochloride seems to be safe for most adults. " ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucosamine", "http://answers.webmd.com/answers/1187037/what-is-glucosamine-hydrochloride", "http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-747-GLUCOSAMINE%20HYDROCHLORIDE.aspx?activeIngredientId=747&activeIngredientName=GLUCOSAMINE%20HYDROCHLORIDE", "http://umm.edu/health/medical/altmed/supplement/glucosamine", "http://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/glucosamine/dosing/HRB-20059572", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucosamine", "http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-747-GLUCOSAMINE%20HYDROCHLORIDE.aspx?activeIngredientId=747&activeIngredientName=GLUCOSAMINE%20HYDROCHLORIDE", "http://pain.emedtv.com/glucosamine-hydrochloride/glucosamine-hydrochloride.html", "http://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/glucosamine/dosing/HRB-20059572", "http://www.medicinenet.com/glucosamine_hydrochloride-page2/supplements-vitamins.htm" ] }

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[ "A meat analogue, also called a meat alternative, meat substitute, mock meat, faux meat, imitation meat, or (where applicable) vegetarian meat or vegan meat, approximates certain aesthetic qualities (primarily texture, flavor and appearance) and/or chemical characteristics of specific types of meat." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The vegan diet is at an all-time high in popularity. With celebrities, ex-presidents and even Mickey Mouse getting his vegan fix on, the sales of faux meat-like substances are skyrocketing. 2008 saw more than $4 billion in soy product sales, often the main ingredient in mock meats. ", "Some vegetarians avoid mock meat and cheese recipes, while others swear by them. If you’re in the latter category, or if you’re just interested in trying some vegetarian and vegan versions of typical dishes, take a look at these mock meat and dairy recipes. Although time-consuming, this is an easy and very delicious recipe for mock beef bourguignon made with either seitan or tempeh. “Beef” Stew. A rich, thick stew made with seitan and lots of good veggies. It’s especially tasty served with hot French bread on a cold night.", "Email. Like real meat, the fake stuff is available either finished or raw. Finished products include everything from frozen burger patties striped with faux grill marks to fake bologna slices and breaded not-chicken nuggets made from wheat, soy or Quorn, a patented fungus derivative otherwise known as mycoprotein. Other faux meat products are made from wheat gluten, which goes through a similar denaturing process. Wheat has less protein than soy, but its stretchy texture is more easily transformed into the chewiness of meat. Many products are formed from a combo of wheat and soy.", "Meat analogue may also refer to a meat-based and/or less-expensive alternative to a particular meat product, such as surimi. Surimi, a processed hash of fish plus flavorings, is used to make products such as imitation crab meat. In some regions, surimi refers only to products made from fish. Examples of surimi include: 1 Surimi from fish, such as imitation crab, imitation shrimp, or imitation lobster.", "Yuba and textured vegetable protein (TVP) are other soy-based meat analogues. The first is made by layering the thin skin which forms on top of boiled soy milk. the second is a dry bulk commodity derived from soy and soy protein concentrate. Surimi, a processed hash of fish plus flavorings, is used to make products such as imitation crab meat. In some regions, surimi refers only to products made from fish. Examples of surimi include: 1 Surimi from fish, such as imitation crab, imitation shrimp, or imitation lobster.", "A meat analogue, also called a meat alternative, meat substitute, mock meat, faux meat, imitation meat, or (where applicable) vegetarian meat or vegan meat, approximates certain aesthetic qualities (primarily texture, flavor and appearance) and/or chemical characteristics of specific types of meat. Surimi, a processed hash of fish plus flavorings, is used to make products such as imitation crab meat. In some regions, surimi refers only to products made from fish. Examples of surimi include: 1 Surimi from fish, such as imitation crab, imitation shrimp, or imitation lobster.", "Some vegetarian meat analogues are based on centuries-old recipes for seitan (wheat gluten), rice, mushrooms, legumes, tempeh, yam flour or pressed-tofu, with flavoring added to make the finished product taste like chicken, beef, lamb, ham, sausage, seafood, etc. Surimi, a processed hash of fish plus flavorings, is used to make products such as imitation crab meat. In some regions, surimi refers only to products made from fish. Examples of surimi include: 1 Surimi from fish, such as imitation crab, imitation shrimp, or imitation lobster.", "Wheat gluten, also called seitan (Japanese: セイタン), wheat meat, gluten meat, or simply gluten, is a food made from gluten, the main protein of wheat. Seitan, a neologism of Japanese origin, is a food made from wheat gluten in the macrobiotic system of cooking and health, as formulated by the Japanese-born philosopher George Ohsawa (1893–1966).", "Vegetarian meats (also called meat substitutes or mock meats) come in just about every type imaginable-from the common everyday veggie burger to the exotic haggis and jumbo shrimp. Some vegetarians and vegans choose not to eat vegetarian meats for a number of reasons. Up to you. Homemade mock meats: Seitan. If you want to experiment making your own vegetarian mock meat substitutes at home, seitan is the place to start. It can be baked or simmered, and you can add just about any spices you like. Link: How to make seitan." ], "url": [ "http://www.organicauthority.com/foodie-buzz/vegan-fake-meat-should-you-or-shouldnt-you.html", "https://www.theveggietable.com/blog/more/ingredients/mock-meat-recipes/", "http://www.chowhound.com/food-news/53452/how-fake-meat-is-made/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meat_analogue", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meat_analogue", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meat_analogue", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meat_analogue", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheat_gluten_(food)", "http://vegetarian.about.com/od/shoppingproducts/tp/Top-Ten-Vegetarian-Meats.htm" ] }

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[ "The periodontal ligament serves primarily a supportive function by attaching the tooth to the surrounding alveolar bone proper.This function is mediated primarily by the principal fibers of the periodontal ligament that form a strong fibrous union between the root cementum and the bone." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "periodontal ligament (PDL), the fibrous tissue that surrounds a tooth and attaches the tooth to the alveolus. It is composed of many bundles of collagenous tissue arranged in groups, between which lies loose connective tissue interwoven with blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves. Also called periodontium. periodontal ligament. n. The connective tissue surrounding the root of a tooth and attaching it to its bony socket. Also called alveolodental ligament, periodontal membrane.", "Periodontal ligament: Functions. The periodontal ligament is a specialised fibrous connective tissue that surrounds the root area of the tooth. It consists mainly of collagenous fibres. It has the following functions : Its cells form, maintain and repair the alveolar bone and cementum. ■ Sensors in the periodontal ligament provide proprioceptive input, detecting pressures on the tooth. ■ The periodontal ligament has a rich supply of blood, which provides nutrients to the cementoblasts.", "Definition of PERIODONTAL MEMBRANE. : the fibrous connective-tissue layer covering the cementum of a tooth and holding it in place in the jawbone. ADVERTISEMENT. noun. : periodontal ligament. Britannica.com: Encyclopedia article about periodontal membrane. ", "The periodontal ligament serves primarily a supportive function by attaching the tooth to the surrounding alveolar bone proper. This function is mediated primarily by the principal fibers of the periodontal ligament that form a strong fibrous union between the root cementum and the bone. The periodontal ligament also serves as a shock-absorber by mechanisms that provide resistance to light as well as heavy forces. Finally, the periodontal ligament provides a nutritive function that maintains the vitality of its various cells. The ligament is well-vascularized, with the major blood supply originating from the dental arteries that enter the ligament through the fundus of the alveoli.", "periodontal ligament the connective tissue structure that surrounds the roots of the teeth and holds them in place in the dental alveoli. Petit's ligament uterosacral ligament. phrenicocolic ligament costocolic fold. Poupart's ligament inguinal ligament. periodontal ligament. n. The connective tissue surrounding the root of a tooth and attaching it to its bony socket. Also called alveolodental ligament, periodontal membrane.", "The periodontal ligament, commonly abbreviated as the PDL, is a group of specialized connective tissue fibers that essentially attach a tooth to the alveolar bone within which it sits. ", "Periodontal surgery is a plastic (reshaping) surgical procedure designed to restore and regenerate normal form and function to lost and damaged periodontal structures which support the teeth (the gum tissue, periodontal ligament and bone). ", "Loading. 1. Helper function is the main function of the periodontal ligament, to secure the tooth, his bony socket and isolate the tooth from the wall socket, so the root does not conflict with the bone during chewing. 2-17). In the complex therapy) function in response to strong pressure, the cells of the periodontal ligament (osteoclasts) can cause rapid resorption of bone tissue and, sometimes, resorption of cement. D. principal fiber groups Periodontal ligament." ], "url": [ "http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/periodontal+ligament", "http://www.neuronarc.com/periodontal-ligament-functions.html", "http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/periodontal%20membrane", "http://dental.pitt.edu/periodontal-ligament-functions", "http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/periodontal+ligament", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodontal_fiber", "http://www.deardoctor.com/articles/periodontal-surgery/", "http://www.dent-wiki.com/foundations_of_periodontics/functions-of-the-periodontal-ligament/" ] }

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[ "Poison ivy is a plant well known for causing severe inflammation of the skin also known as contact dermatitisthe plant contains a sap." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "myths poison ivy rash is contagious the blisters and rash produced by the urushiol do not spread nor are they contagious to others you can however spread the rash if the urushiol has been left on your hands or clothes and they come in contact with other parts of your body or someone else poison ivy is a common weed like plant found in many parts of the country most commonly in the central and eastern u s it is an invasive bush with vines that can climb in and around neighboring plants", "myths poison ivy rash is contagious you can catch poison ivy by being near the plants leaves of three let them be dead poison ivy plants will not cause an allergic reaction breaking the blisters on your skin releases the urushiol and causes the rash to spread poison ivy is a common weed like plant found in many parts of the country most commonly in the central and eastern u s it is an invasive bush with vines that can climb in and around neighboring plants", "a poison ivy rash will usually begin to appear 1 to 2 days after coming in contact with poison ivy the affected area will get red and swollen a day or so later small blisters will begin to form and the rash will become very itchy during this time it s important to try to keep from scratching the blisters ", "a a a poison ivy poison oak and poison sumac are all plants that can cause a temporary irritating rash when they come in contact with your skin this rash is a form of allergic contact dermatitis dermatitis simply means an irritation of the skin ", "causes when people come in contact with poison ivy poison oak or poison sumac they often develop an allergic reaction that causes a rash at the site of exposure the leaves of the plant secrete a resin called urushiol u roo she ol that provokes a delayed allergic reaction one day or more after exposure to the skin poison ivy is a common weed like plant found in many parts of the country most commonly in the central and eastern u s it is an invasive bush with vines that can climb in and around neighboring plants", "poison ivy is a plant well known for causing severe inflammation of the skin also known as contact dermatitis the plant contains a sap which causes instant irritation if it comes in contact with the skin wash your skin if you ve come in contact with poison ivy immediately rinse your skin with water use soap and then rinse thoroughly use a skin cream containing bentoquatam before going outdoors to an area with poison ivy you can always apply an over the counter barrier", "causes of poison ivy oak and sumac rash the rash caused by poison ivy oak and sumac is an allergic skin reaction to an oil called urushiol that is inside the plant this oil is found in all parts of the plant including the leaves stems roots and berries exposure to the oil occurs through any of the following ", "poison ivy rash poison ivy rash is caused by an allergic reaction to an oily resin called urushiol u roo she ol this oil is in the leaves stems and roots of poison ivy poison oak and poison sumac ", "scratching poison ivy blisters will not spread the rash in addition the poison ivy rash is not contagious only urushiol oil found in the sap of poison ivy can cause a reaction these plants can cause an allergic reaction in nearly 85 percent of the population poison ivy poison oak cannot be spread from person to person by touching the blisters or from the fluid inside the blisters it can be spread however if the oils remain on the skin clothes or shoes this is why washing your hands clothes and shoes as soon as possible is very important", "poison ivy sap is found in nearly every part of the plant including the leaves stems and roots the sap contains an oil called urushiol if any of this extremely sticky oil comes in contact with the skin it can cause a blistering skin rash wash your skin if you ve come in contact with poison ivy immediately rinse your skin with water use soap and then rinse thoroughly use a skin cream containing bentoquatam before going outdoors to an area with poison ivy you can always apply an over the counter barrier" ], "url": [ "http://www.tricalm.com/uses/poison-ivy-oak-sumac/", "http://www.tricalm.com/uses/poison-ivy-oak-sumac/", "http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/diseases-conditions/poison-ivy/symptoms.html", "http://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/guide/understanding-poison-ivy-oak-sumac-basics", "http://www.tricalm.com/uses/poison-ivy-oak-sumac/", "http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/265375.php", "http://www.emedicinehealth.com/allergy_poison_ivy_oak_and_sumac/article_em.htm", "http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/poison-ivy/basics/definition/CON-20025866", "http://dermatology.columbia.edu/conditions/poison.html", "http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/265375.php" ] }

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[ "In Iowa minimum wage is $10.88 per hour." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Iowa's overtime minimum wage is $10.88 per hour, one and a half times the regular Iowa minimum wage of $7.25. If you earn more then the Iowa minimum wage rate, you are entitled to at least 1.5 times your regular hourly wage for all overtime worked.", "OVERTIME PAY, SALARY AND COMP TIME An employer must pay its employees at least the minimum wage for all hours worked, and time and one-half overtime pay based on an employee's regular rate of pay for all hours worked in excess of 40 in a workweek unless the employee is exempt for some reason. Currently the minimum wage in North Carolina is $7.25 an hour.", "You are entitled to pay at time and one half your regular rate of pay if you worked over 40 hours in a workweek. You will need to ask your employer for their definition of a workweek. For more information, visit the Minimum Wage/Overtime Law page. (820 ILCS 105/4a (1)) (56 Ill.", "$8.00 per hour, with an automatic increase should the federal minimum wage rise. Overtime is required for time worked in excess of 40 hours in a week. The Maryland Department of Labor, Licensing and Regulation website may have additional specific information on wage laws in the state.", "Minimum Wage and Overtime. An employer has to pay overtime (one and one-half times the regular rate of pay) to non-exempt employees for all hours actually worked in excess of 40 hours in a workweek.", "California. California requires a minimum wage of $9.00 per hour. Overtime pay of time-and-a-half is required for hours worked over 8 in a day, 40 in a week, and for the first 8 hours of the seventh day worked in a week.", "$8.23 and varies annually based on a cost of living formula. The state's minimum wage applies to the food and beverage, medical, retail and service industries. Overtime pay is required for hours worked over 40 in a week, over 12 hours in a given day, or over 12 consecutive hours." ], "url": [ "http://www.minimum-wage.org/overtime/iowa", "http://www.nclabor.com/wh/fact%20sheets/overtimepay.htm", "http://www.illinois.gov/idol/FAQs/Pages/minimum-wage-overtime-faq.aspx", "http://employment.findlaw.com/wages-and-benefits/state-minimum-wage-laws.html", "http://www.labor.ar.gov/divisions/Pages/minWageOvertime.aspx", "http://employment.findlaw.com/wages-and-benefits/state-minimum-wage-laws.html", "http://employment.findlaw.com/wages-and-benefits/state-minimum-wage-laws.html" ] }

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[ "$30,385-$60,565" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Bachelor’s Degree. In 2010, the starting salary for someone with a bachelor’s of science in criminology was just over $33,000 a year, found a study by the National Association of Colleges and Employers. A family sociologist, for example, isn’t paid the same scale as a criminologist. The same can be said for a criminologist with a bachelor’s degree versus one with a master’s degree.", "The fact is, criminology is a large field with opportunities for everyone. It might not be the best source of six figure jobs, but it has a few. Here are the highest paying jobs you can get with a criminal justice degree. It may be one of the most high paying jobs available from a criminal justice degree, but it isn’t a fast process. You need law enforcement experience, criminal justice experience and the ability to pass the strict background checks and physical exams.", "Graduates make average starting salaries of $52,200 and mid-career salaries of $101,850. Some related majors also come up highly on the best paid list, including Math with an average starting salary of $47,000. 5. 1. Petroleum Engineering : $89,000. All engineering degrees rank well as having high starting salaries, but the highest of all is Petroleum Engineering, with an average starting pay of $89,000 and mid-career salary of $159,900. This is a fairly specialized and difficult subject, with only about 1,000 students a year graduating with this degree", "Following law school they must then pass the Bar exam. All in all, to become a lawyer requires a lot of hard work, dedication, and ambition. The Pay: $119,270. With a median pay of just under $120,000 a year, Judges came in second on our list of highest paying criminal justice careers. The following are the highest paying jobs in the fields of criminal justice and criminology. When evaluationg the salary figures below, remember that there are various factors that influence salary, even within the same discipline. One of the largest factors influencing salary is location.", "The BLS reports that other psychologists, including forensic psychologists, have a median salary of $84,000, with the top echelon earning over $117,000 a year. According to a 210 respondent survey published by PayScale.com, forensic psychologists on average earn from $45,000 to $84,000 a year. The following are the highest paying jobs in the fields of criminal justice and criminology. When evaluationg the salary figures below, remember that there are various factors that influence salary, even within the same discipline. One of the largest factors influencing salary is location.", "To give you an idea of your possible average starting salary, North Carolina State University shows that the average salary for a criminologist holding a bachelor’s degree – typically an entry-level requirement – is $33,160 a year. However, what you earn may differ from this. ", "Because of this variation, any estimates of criminology salaries are going to be extremely broad. Payscale.com gives an estimate of $30,385-$60,565, but most of this scale corresponds to candidates with a bachelor’s degree. Those who pursue a master’s degree in criminology can expect positions with a salary at the higher end of the estimate, or even higher.", "The Pay: up to $163,000. Lawyers are the prime example of criminal justice careers with a high salary. They span all levels of the justice system, from the smallest of small claims courts to the largest of national trials. It may be one of the most high paying jobs available from a criminal justice degree, but it isn’t a fast process. You need law enforcement experience, criminal justice experience and the ability to pass the strict background checks and physical exams.", "With a master’s degree, earnings are much higher, and you’re more likely to land a higher-level position with a graduate degree than you would with a bachelor’s. As of 2012, the average starting salary for a criminologist with a master’s degree was $55,000 a year -- $23,000 more than those with a four-year degree. A family sociologist, for example, isn’t paid the same scale as a criminologist. The same can be said for a criminologist with a bachelor’s degree versus one with a master’s degree." ], "url": [ "http://work.chron.com/much-criminologists-paid-masters-degree-15408.html", "http://www.criminaljusticedegreehub.com/high-paying-criminal-justice-jobs/", "http://college.usatoday.com/2014/07/30/top-10-highest-paying-college-majors/", "http://www.careerprofiles.info/highest-paying-criminal-justice-jobs.html", "http://www.careerprofiles.info/highest-paying-criminal-justice-jobs.html", "http://www.criminaljusticeusa.com/criminologist/", "http://criminologycareerstoday.com/criminologist-salary-how-much-does-criminology-pay/", "http://www.criminaljusticedegreehub.com/high-paying-criminal-justice-jobs/", "http://work.chron.com/much-criminologists-paid-masters-degree-15408.html" ] }

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[ "The letter M at the end of a Medicare number means that the Medicare patient is enrolled in Part B but is not insured for Medicare Part A." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "The Social Security number followed by one of these codes is often referred to as a claim number. Social Security assigns these codes once you apply for benefits. These letter codes may appear on correspondence you receive from Social Security or on your Medicare card. They will never appear on a Social Security card. For example, if the wage earner applying for benefits and your number is 123-45-6789, then your claim number is 123-45-6789 A.", "These letter codes may appear on correspondence you receive from Social Security or on your Medicare card. They will never appear on a Social Security card.For example, if the wage earner applying for benefits and your number is 123-45-6789, then your claim number is 123-45-6789 A.", "Your Medicare card number is your Social Security number with an alpha-numeric code on the end that indicates your status for drawing benefits. For example, an A mean … s you are (or were) the primary wage earner; B means aged wife, 62 or older; B1 means aged husband, 62 or older, and so on.", "This number is their Social Security number followed by a code. Your Medicare number is often referred to as a Medicare claim number. The letter codes at the end of your Medicare claim number may appear on correspondence receive from Social Security or on your Medicare card.", "Your Medicare Number. Your Medicare number may also be called your Medicare claim number or your health insurance claim number. It is comprised of your Social Security number, or the Social Security number of the person through whom you became eligible for Medicare, and a letter or letters at the end.", "President and Senior Agent, Outlook Life, Most of the U.S. The letter M at the end of a Medicare number means that the Medicare patient is enrolled in Part B but is not insured for Medicare Part A. The description for M is Uninsured – Premium Health Insurance Benefits (Part A)." ], "url": [ "http://www.q1medicare.com/q1group/MedicareAdvantagePartD/Blog.php?blog=What-does-the-letter-after-my-Medicare-number-mean-&blog_id=183&frompage=10", "http://ggisinsurance.com/Letters%20after%20Medicare%20Number.pdf", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_does_the_letter_M_mean_in_a_medicare_number", "http://www.ocmedicare.com/medicare-101/what-does-the-letter-at-the-end-of-my-medicare-number-mean/", "http://www.livestrong.com/article/111662-letter-after-medicare-number-mean/", "http://www.insurancelibrary.com/medicare-insurance/what-does-m-mean-at-the-end-of-a-medicare-number" ] }

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[ "Yes." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "To date, several crops have been genetically modified, a few of which now account for the vast majority of those crops now cultivated in the United States. In the United States, nearly all corn, soybean and cotton crops are now genetically modified. In Canada, nearly all rapeseed (canola) is", "The genetic engineering of plants and animals is looming as one of the greatest and most intractable environmental challenges of the 21st Century. Currently, up to 92% of U.S. corn is genetically engineered (GE), as are 94% of soybeans and 94% of cotton [1] (cottonseed oil is often used in food products).", "4.1 Foodstuffs made of genetically modified crops that are currently available (mainly maize, soybean, and oilseed rape) have been judged safe to eat, and the methods used to test them have been deemed appropriate.", "The introduction of genetically modified plants has raised some concerns that gene transfer could occur in the field between cultivated and wild plants and such concerns also apply to conventional crops. Such transfers have occasionally been reported but are generally not considered a problem. More...", "Center for Food Safety seeks to halt the approval, commercialization and/or release of any new genetically engineered crops until they have been thoroughly tested and found safe for human health and the environment.", "Sugar Beets. 95% of the US crops of sugar beets are genetically modified. If you eat anything containing sugar, there is a strong chance it’s been genetically modified. Juices, breads, salad dressings, pasta sauces, energy drinks and deli meats are just a few places you can find added sugar.", "1 The vast majority of the research on genetically modified (GM) crops suggests that they are safe to eat and that they have the potential to feed millions of people worldwide who currently go hungry.", "Canola. 90% of the canola crops in the US are genetically modified. Otherwise known as rapeseed oil, canola is used in so much of the foods we eat including salad dressings, margarine, fried foods, frozen yogurts, chips, peanut butter, pie crusts, pastries, breads and infant formula, to name a few." ], "url": [ "http://www.godandscience.org/apologetics/genetically_modified_food.html", "http://www.centerforfoodsafety.org/issues/311/ge-foods/about-ge-foods", "http://www.greenfacts.org/en/gmo/index.htm", "http://www.greenfacts.org/en/gmo/index.htm", "http://www.centerforfoodsafety.org/issues/311/ge-foods/about-ge-foods", "http://www.chicagonow.com/get-fit-chicago/2014/05/are-genetically-modified-foods-safe/", "http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-truth-about-genetically-modified-food/", "http://www.chicagonow.com/get-fit-chicago/2014/05/are-genetically-modified-foods-safe/" ] }

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[ "$875" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "1 Ductless systems are generally twice the cost of window systems and about 30 percent more than installing central air with existing ducts, but can be less expensive than adding central air and ductwork. 1 A ductless unit is a split system just like central air, only smaller and more flexible. 2 The compressor sits outdoors and is connected by a pair of refrigerated lines to one or more air handlers inside the house. 3 The hole in the wall for the lines varies, but is usually about 3 inches in diameter", "The Air Conditioning Contractors of America can usually direct an interested consumer to licensed and qualified HVAC professionals in their region or area. For this discussion, we will consider the costs of installing a ductless or split air conditioning system in a 2,000 square foot home. 1 Electrical wiring to code-Electricians assisting in a ductless air conditioner project will charge from $75-$250 per hour for the installation of a 220 volt receptacle. 2 Additionally, it might cost a bit more if the home's electrical panel also needs a 220 volt circuit added to it, which can cost between $300 and $800", "Shopping for a ductless air conditioner: 1 A ductless unit is a split system just like central air, only smaller and more flexible. 2 The compressor sits outdoors and is connected by a pair of refrigerated lines to one or more air handlers inside the house. 1 A ductless unit is a split system just like central air, only smaller and more flexible. 2 The compressor sits outdoors and is connected by a pair of refrigerated lines to one or more air handlers inside the house. 3 The hole in the wall for the lines varies, but is usually about 3 inches in diameter", "Filter Ductless HVAC Systems. Mini-Split Indoor Unit. Ideal for a space that isn’t connected to a central heating or cooling system, the mini-split ductless system provides heating and cooling for a single zone with reliable comfort using one indoor unit, an outdoor unit and a remote control. 1 4MYW6. 2 Zone specific cooling. 3 Quiet Operation. ", "1 Save you money. 2 Heating and cooling costs the average homeowner about $875 a year-nearly half the home's total energy bill. 3 Replacing your system with an ENERGY STAR certified model could cut your heating and cooling costs by 30%. 1 Heating and cooling costs the average homeowner about $875 a year-nearly half the home's total energy bill. 2 Replacing your system with an ENERGY STAR certified model could cut your heating and cooling costs by 30%. 3 Give you more comfort and control", "ENERGY STAR certified ductless heating and cooling systems: 1 Save you money. 2 Heating and cooling costs the average homeowner about $875 a year-nearly half the home's total energy bill. 3 Replacing your system with an ENERGY STAR certified model could cut your heating and cooling costs by 30%. 1 Heating and cooling costs the average homeowner about $875 a year-nearly half the home's total energy bill. 2 Replacing your system with an ENERGY STAR certified model could cut your heating and cooling costs by 30%. 3 Give you more comfort and control", "1 Expect to pay $2,000-$5,000 to install a complete ductless mini-split air conditioning system in a 800-1,000-square foot home, or $5,000-$7,000 for a 2,000-square-foot house. 1 A ductless unit is a split system just like central air, only smaller and more flexible. 2 The compressor sits outdoors and is connected by a pair of refrigerated lines to one or more air handlers inside the house. 3 The hole in the wall for the lines varies, but is usually about 3 inches in diameter" ], "url": [ "http://home.costhelper.com/ductless-air-conditioner.html", "http://www.fixr.com/costs/ductless-air-conditioner-installation", "http://home.costhelper.com/ductless-air-conditioner.html", "https://www.trane.com/residential/en/products/heating-and-cooling/ductless-systems.html", "https://www.energystar.gov/products/heating_cooling/ductless_heating_cooling", "https://www.energystar.gov/products/heating_cooling/ductless_heating_cooling", "http://home.costhelper.com/ductless-air-conditioner.html" ] }

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[ "Gifu Prefecture, Japan." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "This Takayama Map provides details, links to more information and pictures of these points of interest. The Go Japan Go Takayama Map now expands to your full browser width, which means you can see much more of the Takayama Map on the screen at one time along with the points of interest in Takayama.", "Takayama was settled as far back as the Jōmon period. Takayama is best known for its inhabitants' expertise in carpentry. It is believed carpenters from Takayama worked on the Imperial Palace in Kyoto and on many of the temples in Kyoto and Nara. The town and its culture, as they exist today, took shape at the end of the 16th century, when the Kanamori clan built Takayama Castle.", "detailed map of Takayama and near places. Welcome to the Takayama google satellite map! This place is situated in Gifu, Chubu, Japan, its geographical coordinates are 36° 8' 0 North, 137° 15' 0 East and its original name (with diacritics) is Takayama. See Takayama photos and images from satellite below, explore the aerial photographs of Takayama in Japan. ", "Sunlight and cold wind make a special food. Yamanomura, where there are seven villages in the Hida mountain area, has an elevation of 1000 meters. The area is 4.5 km by mountain road from the town of Kamioka. It takes two hours to reach from Takayama City by car. The population is about 150 people. ", "You can get to Takayama by train or bus: The nearest airport to get to Takayama is Toyama Airport 56 kilometers N. Within 140 Km from Takayama there are 4 more airports, listed on the Takayama airports map here below, click on the airport icon to see how to get to Takayama. ", "Takayama (高山市, Takayama-shi) is a city located in Gifu Prefecture, Japan. As of July 2011, the city has an estimated population of 92,369 and a population density of 42 persons per km². The total area is 2,177.67 km². It is believed carpenters from Takayama worked on the Imperial Palace in Kyoto and on many of the temples in Kyoto and Nara. The town and its culture, as they exist today, took shape at the end of the 16th century, when the Kanamori clan built Takayama Castle.", "Hida-Takayama (飛騨高山) [1] , locally just plain Takayama (高山), is a city near the northern Japan Alps of Gifu prefecture, in the Chubu region of Japan. By train [edit]. Hida-Takayama's train station, Takayama, is located on the JR Takayama Line. From Tokyo Station, you can reach Takayama by taking a Tokaido Shinkansen train (Nozomi or Hikari) to Nagoya and then transfer to the Wide View Hida (ワイドビューひだ) Limited Express train for the run to Takayama.", "Takayama. Hida Takayama (or simply Takayama) is located high in the Hida Mountains in Gifu Prefecture. Founded in the 16 century, Takayama borrowed from the cultural centers of Kyoto and Tokyo and developed its own arts and crafts, cuisine, and architecture. Welcome to Hagi Takayama. This Modern Ryokan is located on the hills of Takayama. This ryokan has 2 buildings, each building has 4 story, the Honkan and the Bekkan. In the Honkan guest rooms have a view on the mountain or on the Takayama city.", "Takayama (R) is a city in the mountainous Hida region of Gifu Prefecture. To differentiate it from other places named Takayama, the city is also commonly referred to as Hida-Takayama. Takayama retains a traditional touch like few other Japanese cities, especially in its beautifully preserved old town. The Takayama Festival, held in spring and autumn, is considered one of Japan's best festivals." ], "url": [ "http://www.gojapango.com/travel/takayama_map.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takayama,_Gifu", "http://www.maplandia.com/japan/chubu/gifu/takayama/", "http://satoyama-experience.com/", "http://www.todoin.net/en/japan/where-is-takayama-japan-32364", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takayama,_Gifu", "http://wikitravel.org/en/Hida-Takayama", "http://japaneseguesthouses.com/ryokan-search-results/?area=Takayama", "http://www.japan-guide.com/e/e5900.html" ] }

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[ "1928" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "I am a sun worshiper. I admit it. I love the feel of the sun on my skin and I love how I feel after being in the sun. I believe that blocking the sun’s rays can be detrimental to your health and use of sunscreen can be harmful. For instance, the SPF 15 blocks 94% of UVB rays, SPF 30 blocks 97% and SPF 45 blocks 98% of the rays. The higher SPF’s after 45 become fractionally better so there is no reason to spend extra money for something that is nominally higher.", "SPF 15 sunscreens filter out about 93% of UVB rays, while SPF 30 sunscreens filter out about 97%, SPF 50 sunscreens about 98%, and SPF 100 about 99%. The higher you go, the smaller the difference becomes. No sunscreen protects you completely. Sunscreen is a product that you put on your skin to protect it from the sun’s UV rays. But it’s important to know that sunscreen is just a filter – it does not block all UV rays. Sunscreen should not be used as a way to prolong your time in the sun.", "Use sunscreen. Sunscreen is a product that you put on your skin to protect it from the sun’s UV rays. But it’s important to know that sunscreen is just a filter – it does not block all UV rays. Sunscreen should not be used as a way to prolong your time in the sun.", "They realized that the skin could be protected by filtering out those wavelengths. This led to the first commercially available sunscreen, produced in 1928 in the United States. It was an emulsion made of PABA benzyl salicylate and benzyl cinnamate. Sunscreens were soon widely available, although not widely used. Sunblock, however, protects the skin by reflecting and scattering the sun’s rays. The best-known example of a sunblock is zinc oxide, the thick white substance that lifeguards apply to their noses. Sunblocks are highly effective, but are typically sticky creams that are impractical for full body use.", "If you're in the sun, your sunscreen is good for a max of two hours, and depending on the sunscreen it might not even last that long, Garner says. The skin literally uses up the active ingredient in the lotion over time, meaning it can't do any more. Turns out, there isn't such a thing as waterproof sunscreen. In fact, a relatively recent iteration of FDA rules no longer even allows the word to be used on sunscreen bottles (along with sweat-proof or sunblock). Instead, based on testing, they can claim to be water resistant for either 40 or 80 minutes.", "Everyone should use a sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30. If you have had a skin cancer or precancer, you should use a sunscreen with an even higher SPF. Many of the new sunscreens have SPFs of 45 or higher. You want to reduce damage from the sun. Your skin can be harmed by constant sun exposure, whether or not you see a burn. Remember, sunburn is an immediate reaction, but damage from the sun occurs over a lifetime. If you have had a skin cancer or pre-cancer, you should use an SPF of 30", "Otto Veiel of Linz, Austria, published one of the first reports of a substance being used to protect skin from ultraviolet rays in 1878. He discovered that tannin worked as a kind of sunscreen. However, the staining properties of tannin limited the usefulness of his find. Sunblock, however, protects the skin by reflecting and scattering the sun’s rays. The best-known example of a sunblock is zinc oxide, the thick white substance that lifeguards apply to their noses. Sunblocks are highly effective, but are typically sticky creams that are impractical for full body use.", "Early synthetic sunscreens were first used in 1928, and the first major commercial product was brought to market in 1936, introduced by the founder of L'Oreal, French chemist Eugene Eugène. Schueller during the same, Period Hamilton sunscreen came to The australian market in, 1932 developed by Chemist. H. A Milton. blake Zinc oxide paste has also been popular for skin protection for thousands of years. Early synthetic sunscreens were first used in 1928, and the first major commercial product was brought to market in 1936, introduced by the founder of L'Oreal, French chemist Eugene Eugène. schueller", "A person with a sunburn. The first sunscreens were made with PABA, which is no longer used because it may actually increase absorption of the sun's rays. Today, dermatologists recommend that all people apply sunscreen to their face and other exposed skin daily. I'm sure the first sunscreens were kind of a one size fits all deal, but now the sunscreen section in most stores is pretty large! You can choose what sun protection factor you want (I usually choose 30) and some sunscreens are even scented! There are also facial sunscreens available, which I like to use every day." ], "url": [ "http://realfoodforager.com/why-i-stopped-using-sunscreen/", "http://www.cancer.org/cancer/cancercauses/sunanduvexposure/skincancerpreventionandearlydetection/skin-cancer-prevention-and-early-detection-u-v-protection", "http://www.cancer.org/cancer/cancercauses/sunanduvexposure/skincancerpreventionandearlydetection/skin-cancer-prevention-and-early-detection-u-v-protection", "http://www.randomhistory.com/2009/04/28_sunscreen.html", "http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/06/05/sunscreen-mistakes-tips_n_3377817.html", "http://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/healthy_living/hic_An_Overview_ofYour_Skin/hic_protecting_yourself_from_sun_damage", "http://www.randomhistory.com/2009/04/28_sunscreen.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunscreen", "http://www.wisegeek.org/what-is-the-history-of-sunscreen.htm" ] }

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[ "Glomerular" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "Afferent Arteriolar Vasoconstriction. Decreases blood flow into the glomerulus, which causes the glomerular-capillary blood pressure to decrease leading to a decrease in the net filtration pressure and a resultant in GFR. Tubular Secretion: Selective transfer from peritubular capillary into tubular lumen to be excreted. Second route for entering the renal tubules from blood. Mostly into Distal convoluted tubule & Collecting duct: Excess H+ (pH balance) & excess K+ (membrane potential) (secreted) removed", "A glomerulus is a network (as a tuft) of capillaries located at the beginning of a nephron in the kidney. It serves as the first stage in the filtering process of the blood carried out by the nephron in its formation of urine. Contraction or relaxation of the artery can affect the pressure of capillaries in the glomerulus, and consequently the filtration of blood. Sympathetic nervous system action as well as hormones can also impact glomerular filtration rate by modulating afferent arteriole diameter.", "The glomerulus is a tuft of small blood vessels called capillaries located within Bowman's capsule within the kidney. Between the capillaries and Bowman's capsule lies mesangium. Blood enters the capillaries of the glomerulus by a single arteriole called an afferent arteriole and leaves by an efferent arteriole. Contraction or relaxation of the artery can affect the pressure of capillaries in the glomerulus, and consequently the filtration of blood. Sympathetic nervous system action as well as hormones can also impact glomerular filtration rate by modulating afferent arteriole diameter.", "Afferent Arteriole-The blood vessel supplying a nephron. Efferent Arteriole-The blood vessel draining a nephron. Peritubular Capillaries-The network of tiny blood vessels that surrounds the proximal and distal tubules in the kidney. Vasa Recta-The capillary system that serves the loop of Henle. Renal Artery-The blood vessel bringing blood to the kidney. Factors governing the filtration rate at the capillary beds are: (1) total surface area available for filtration (2) filtration membrane permeability (3) net filtration pressure GFR is directly proportional to net filtration pressure because the capillaries are exceptionally permeable and have a huge surface area.", "20% of the blood gets filtered in the Nephrons glomerular capillaries and the Bowman's capsule. Once the filtrate enters the Bowman's capsule, it flows through the Lumen of th … e nephron into the proximal tubule. Each kidney contains millions of nephrons. First, blood enters the kidneys. here, the blood flows through smaller and smaller blood vessels until it reaches the g … lomerulus. Urea, salts, glucose, and some water are filtered from the glomerulus into a thin-walled capsule.", "Podocytes (or visceral epithelial cells) are cells in the Bowman's capsule in the kidneys that wrap around capillaries of the glomerulus. The Bowman's capsule filters blood, retaining large molecules such as proteins while smaller molecules such as water, salts, and sugar are filtered as the first step in forming urine. The long processes as foot projections called pedicels, of the podocytes wrap around the capillaries, and leave slits between them. Blood is filtered through these slits, each known as a filtration slit or slit diaphragm. Several proteins are required for the foot projections to wrap around the capillaries and function", "Efferent arteriole. The arteriole that carries the concentrated blood (more cells, less plasma) away from the glomerulus and to the peritubular capillaries. It has a smaller lumen than the afferent arteriole. Tubular Secretion: Selective transfer from peritubular capillary into tubular lumen to be excreted. Second route for entering the renal tubules from blood. Mostly into Distal convoluted tubule & Collecting duct: Excess H+ (pH balance) & excess K+ (membrane potential) (secreted) removed", "The rate of filtration from the glomerulus to the Bowman's capsule is determined (like in systemic capillaries) by the Starling equation 1 : GFR is the glomerular filtration rate. 2 K f is the filtration coefficient – a proportionality constant. 3 P gc is the glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure. Contraction or relaxation of the artery can affect the pressure of capillaries in the glomerulus, and consequently the filtration of blood. Sympathetic nervous system action as well as hormones can also impact glomerular filtration rate by modulating afferent arteriole diameter.", "The point here is that glomerular capillaries are specialized for filtration. These capillaries are different than those in other parts of the body. The magnitude of fluid filtered in the glomerular capillaries is huge. No reabsorption occurs in glomerular capillaries. The peritubular capillaries are the site of, and are specialized for, reabsorption. The COP changes with distance along the glomerular capillaries because a large volume of water (~20%) filters out concentrating the proteins/solutes left behind. Remember, fluid is filtered into Bowman‟s capsule all along the entire length of the" ], "url": [ "https://quizlet.com/5261863/urinary-system-flash-cards/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glomerulus_(kidney)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glomerulus_(kidney)", "http://www.flashcardmachine.com/anatomy-2-urinary.html", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_a_ball_of_specialized_tightly_coiled_capillaries_within_a_kidney_nephron_where_renal_filtration_occurs", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podocyte", "https://quizlet.com/5261863/urinary-system-flash-cards/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glomerulus_(kidney)", "https://quizlet.com/11050578/renal-blood-flow-filtration-and-clearance-flash-cards/" ] }

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[ "The meaning of Chaos is “Gaping void; space”. " ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "If you consider naming your baby Chaos we recommend you take note of the special meaning and history of the name as your baby’s name will play a big role in its life and your baby will hear it spoken every day.", "The meaning of Chaos is “Gaping void; space”. Keep in mind that many names may have different meanings in other countries and languages, so be careful that the name that you choose doesn’t mean something bad or unpleasant. Search comprehensively and find the name meaning of Chaos and its name origin or of any other name in our database. Also note the spelling and the pronunciation of the name Chaos and check the initials of the name with your last name to discover how it looks and sounds. The history and meaning of the name Chaos is fascinating, learn more about it.", "Magic Baby Names is a unique search site with 66,688 names collected from 838,168 family trees, containing 41,385,754 people. But you don't need to trawl through long lists of baby names any more! Simply enter names you like and let this genius technology inspire you to find the perfect name.", "Magic Baby Names is a unique search site with 66,596 names collected from 836,744 family trees, containing 41,315,426 people. But you don't need to trawl through long lists of baby names any more! Simply enter names you like and let this genius technology inspire you to find the perfect name.", "View the Chaos Name Popularity Page to see how the popularity trend for Chaos has changed since 1880, or to compare the popularity of Chaos to other names.", "In Greek mythology, Chaos or Khaos is the primeval state of existence from which the first gods appeared. In other words, the dark void of space. It is made from a mixture of what the Ancient Greeks considered the four elements: earth, air, water and fire." ], "url": [ "http://www.thenamemeaning.com/chaos/", "http://www.thenamemeaning.com/chaos/", "http://www.magicbabynames.com/?baby=boy&name=Chaos", "http://www.magicbabynames.com/?name=Chaos", "http://www.ourbabynamer.com/meaning-of-Chaos.html", "http://www.crystalinks.com/Chaos_Mythology.html" ] }

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[ "Dorsal muscles" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The trapezius is the most superficial (nearest to the skin) of the back, neck, and upper trunk muscles. This triangular muscle is broad and flat, lying just beneath the skin and covering the upper back of the shoulders and neck. It links to the dorsal vertebrae of the spine, scapulae, clavicles, and ribs. This muscle is named for its trapezoid shape. The trapezius muscle is a postural and active movement muscle, used to tilt and turn the head and neck, shrug, steady the shoulders, and twist the arms.", "Dorsal muscles of the head and trunk include the serratus posterior, the serratus posterior superior, the splenius capitis, the spinalis, the latissimus dorsi, the multifi … dus, and the sphincter ani internus.", "The Trapezius muscle (also known as trapezoids or traps for short) resembles a diamond shaped quadrilateral (trapezoid) and is a large surface muscle that is located in the upper back of the human torso.", "Due to the cast molding. If the molding is a regular rectangular trapezoid, there is a tendency that the bar will be stocked (constricted) on the sides of the molding when bei … ng cast out, while in a trapezoidal prism, the bottom will not cause any constriction thereby the bar will easily slide out of the molding.", "The structure of the trapezoid bone forms a firm, stationary joint with the second metacarpal base. The trapezoid is shaped like a wedge. The side of the bone that is closest to the back of the hand, referred to as dorsal, is broader than the palm-side of the bone, described as palmar. It is the least frequently injured carpal bone. The structure of the trapezoid places it in a sheltered position.", "A trapezoid is a two-dimensional shape, so it doesn't have surface area. The AREA of a trapezoid is: (Base1+Base2) X Height Divided/Over 2. For example: Imagine a trapezoi … d. Base 1 (top) measures 6 and Base 2 (bottom) measures 8." ], "url": [ "http://www.healthline.com/human-body-maps/trapezius-muscle", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Which_of_the_muscles_on_the_dorsal_surface_are_shaped_like_a_trapezoid", "http://www.musclesused.com/trapezius/", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Which_of_the_muscles_on_the_dorsal_surface_are_shaped_like_a_trapezoid", "http://www.healthline.com/human-body-maps/trapezoid-bone-structure", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Which_of_the_muscles_on_the_dorsal_surface_are_shaped_like_a_trapezoid" ] }

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[ "Hgb blood test is to determine the amount of hemoglobin that exists in your blood as well as, how well it is supplying your blood cells with oxygen." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The hemoglobin test is often used to check for anemia, usually along with a hematocrit or as part of a complete blood count (CBC) . The test may be used to screen for, diagnose, or monitor a number of conditions and diseases that affect red blood cells (RBCs) and/or the amount of hemoglobin in blood. The hemoglobin test may be ordered during a general health examination or when a person has signs and symptoms of a condition affecting red blood cells such as anemia or polycythemia. Some signs and symptoms of anemia include:", "Hemoglobin is the protein molecule in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues and returns carbon dioxide from the tissues back to the lungs. Hemoglobin is made up of four protein molecules (globulin chains) that are connected together. ", "For people without diabetes, the normal range for the hemoglobin A1c test is between 4% and 5.6%. Hemoglobin A1c levels between 5.7% and 6.4% indicate increased risk of diabetes, and levels of 6.5% or higher indicate diabetes. The hemoglobin A1c test, also called HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin test, or glycohemoglobin, is an important blood test that shows how well your diabetes is being controlled.", "A hemoglobin electrophoresis test is a blood test done to check the different types of hemoglobin in the blood. Hemoglobin is the substance in red blood cells that carries oxygen. The most common types of normal hemoglobin are: 1 Hemoglobin A. Guide. ", "1 Screen for, diagnose, and measure the severity of anemia (low RBCs, hemoglobin and hematocrit) or polycythemia (high RBCs, hemoglobin and hematocrit). 2 Monitor the response to treatment of anemia or polycythemia. 3 Help make decisions about blood transfusions or other treatments if the anemia is severe. The hemoglobin test may be ordered during a general health examination or when a person has signs and symptoms of a condition affecting red blood cells such as anemia or polycythemia. Some signs and symptoms of anemia include:", "Hemoglobin is the main part of your red blood cells. It carries oxygen through your blood. If your hemoglobin level is too low, you may not be able to supply the cells in your body with the oxygen they need to survive. Hemoglobin S (Hgb S) is an abnormal type of hemoglobin that you can inherit from your parents. Hgb S causes red blood cells to become stiff and abnormally shaped.", "Labtestsonline.org explains that the purpose of an Hgb blood test is to determine the amount of hemoglobin that exists in your blood as well as, how well it is supplying your blood cells with oxygen. In patients with bleeding problems such as, heavy menstrual flows, an Hgb test can determine levels of anemia. High Hgb Results. A blood test that reflects a high Hgb result may indicate that your kidneys are not functioning as they should be. According to mayoclinic.com, your kidneys may be eliminating too much protein, or that your bone marrow is overproducing red blood cells.", "Definition. A hemoglobin test measures the amount of hemoglobin in your blood. Hemoglobin is a protein in your red blood cells that carries oxygen to your body's organs and tissues and transports carbon dioxide from your organs and tissues back to your lungs. If a hemoglobin test reveals that your hemoglobin level is lower than normal, it means you have a low red blood cell count (anemia). Anemia can have many different causes, including vitamin deficiencies, bleeding and chronic diseases.", "hemoglobin (Hb, Hgb) test, a blood test that measures the total amount of hemoglobin in the peripheral blood, which reflects the number of red blood cells in the blood. The test is normally performed as part of a complete blood count. Hemoglobin is a protein inside red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout the body. A hemoglobin test reveals how much hemoglobin is in a person's blood, helping to diagnose and monitor anemia and polycythemia vera.", "Low hemoglobin with low RBC count and low hematocrit indicates anemia. Some causes include: 1 Excessive loss of blood from, for example, severe trauma or chronic bleeding from sites such as the digestive tract (e.g., ulcers, polyps, colon cancer), the bladder or uterus (in women, heavy menstrual bleeding, for example). The hemoglobin test may be ordered during a general health examination or when a person has signs and symptoms of a condition affecting red blood cells such as anemia or polycythemia. Some signs and symptoms of anemia include:" ], "url": [ "https://labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/hemoglobin/tab/test", "http://www.medicinenet.com/hemoglobin/article.htm", "http://www.webmd.com/diabetes/guide/glycated-hemoglobin-test-hba1c", "http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/hemoglobin-electrophoresis", "https://labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/hemoglobin/tab/test", "http://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?ContentTypeID=167&ContentID=hemoglobin_s", "http://www.ehow.com/about_5038872_hgb-blood-test.html", "http://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/hemoglobin-test/basics/definition/PRC-20015022", "http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Hemoglobin+Test", "https://labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/hemoglobin/tab/test" ] }

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[ "27.322 days." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "How long does it take our Moon to go around Earth? It takes 27 days, 7 hours, and 43 minutes for our Moon to complete one full orbit around Earth. This is called the sidereal month, and is measured by our Moon's position relative to distant fixed stars. However, it takes our Moon about 29.5 days to complete one cycle of phases (from new Moon to new Moon). ", "If you define orbit to mean the time it takes the Moon to come back to the same point with respect to a fixed star, that is a sideral month, which is 27.32166 days. Relevance. Rating Newest Oldest. Best Answer: It depends on how you define orbit. If you define orbit to mean the time it takes the Moon to come back to the same point with respect to the Sun (new moon to new moon), that is a synodic month, which is 29.53059 days.", "The orbit of the Moon around the Earth is completed in approximately 27.32 days. The more precise figure is 27 days, 7 hours, 43 minutes, 11.6 seconds. The period between cons … ecutive phases is longer, at 29.53 days, because the position of the Earth and Moon changes as Earth orbits around the Sun. 1 This is known as a sidereal month and is measured by observing how long it takes the Moon to pass a fixed star on the celestial sphere. 2 A synodic month is 29.53 days (29 days, 12 hours, 44 minutes, 2.8 seconds) and is measured from New Moon to New Moon.", "If you ignore the earth's orbit around the sun, the moon takes 27.32 days to go 360 degrees around us. In other words, the time it takes to cover 360 degrees of the celestial sphere. But since we orbit the sun, the moon has to travel farther than 360 degrees to reach the same point, with respect to the earth and sun. 29.53 days. That's its synodic period, which is the amount of time it takes to go through its phases. This is by far the most commonly used figure. It has a 27.32 day sidereal revolution around the earth, with respect to the stars.", "If you define orbit to mean the time it takes the Moon to come back to the same point with respect to the intersection of the equator and ecliptic, that is a tropical month, which is 27.32158 days. Relevance. Rating Newest Oldest. Best Answer: It depends on how you define orbit. If you define orbit to mean the time it takes the Moon to come back to the same point with respect to the Sun (new moon to new moon), that is a synodic month, which is 29.53059 days.", "The moon orbits the earth in a little under 28 earth days. It travels at almost 2,290 miles per hour. Coincidentally, the moon's rotation period is also a little under 28 days, meaning the same face points toward the earth during its entire orbit. The English word month is derived from moonth, which was how long the moon was observed to take to return to a specific phase. 1 This is known as a sidereal month and is measured by observing how long it takes the Moon to pass a fixed star on the celestial sphere. 2 A synodic month is 29.53 days (29 days, 12 hours, 44 minutes, 2.8 seconds) and is measured from New Moon to New Moon.", "The Moon orbits Earth in the prograde direction and completes one revolution in approximately 27.322 days (a sidereal month). Earth and the Moon orbit about their barycentre (common center of mass), which lies about 4600 km from Earth's center (about three quarters of the radius of Earth). On average, the Moon is at a distance of about 385000 km from Earth's center, which corresponds to about 60 Earth radii.", "If you define orbit to mean the time it takes the Moon to come back to its perigee, that is an anomalistic month, which is 27.55455 days. If you define orbit to mean the time it takes the Moon to return to its ecliptical ascending node, that is a draconic month, which is 27.21222 days. Relevance. Rating Newest Oldest. Best Answer: It depends on how you define orbit. If you define orbit to mean the time it takes the Moon to come back to the same point with respect to the Sun (new moon to new moon), that is a synodic month, which is 29.53059 days.", "How long does it take the Moon to orbit the Earth? The Moon takes about 27 days (27 days, 7 hours, 43 minutes, 11.6 seconds) to go all the way around the Earth and return to its starting position. The Moon's orbit around the Earth is a slightly squashed circle called an ellipse. A lunar month is about 29.5 days (29 days, 12 hours, 43 minutes, 11.6 seconds). Why is a Lunar month (29.5 days) longer than the number of days it takes the Moon to orbit the Earth (27.3)? Whilst the Moon is orbiting the Earth, the Earth is constantly moving because it is orbiting the sun.", "1 The Moon's orbital period in a non-rotating frame of reference is 27.32 days (27 days, 7 hours, 43 minutes, 11.6 seconds). 2 This is known as a sidereal month and is measured by observing how long it takes the Moon to pass a fixed star on the celestial sphere. 1 This is known as a sidereal month and is measured by observing how long it takes the Moon to pass a fixed star on the celestial sphere. 2 A synodic month is 29.53 days (29 days, 12 hours, 44 minutes, 2.8 seconds) and is measured from New Moon to New Moon." ], "url": [ "http://www.lpi.usra.edu/education/skytellers/moon_phases/about.shtml", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20061113131034AAkcQbS", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_long_does_it_take_for_the_moon_to_orbit_the_earth", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080617044342AAzNUBT", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20061113131034AAkcQbS", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_long_does_it_take_for_the_moon_to_orbit_the_earth", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbit_of_the_Moon", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20061113131034AAkcQbS", "http://resources.woodlands-junior.kent.sch.uk/time/moon/facts.htm", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_long_does_it_take_for_the_moon_to_orbit_the_earth" ] }

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[ "Pufferfish, porcupinefish, ocean sunfish or mola and triggerfish." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Introduction. Other marine organisms have been found to store TTX and include the Australian blue-ringed octopus (Hapaloclaena maculosa, uses TTX as a toxin for capturing prey), parrotfish, triggerfish, goby, angelfish, cod, boxfish (Ostracion spp. A single milligram or less of TTX-an amount that can be placed on the head of a pin, is enough to kill an adult. Stages of TTX Intoxication and TTX Toxicity The first symptom of intoxication is a slight numbness of the lips and tongue, appearing between 20 minutes to three hours after eating poisonous pufferfish.", "The trans-membrane pore is formed when the four units fold into a cluster with the center of the cluster the pore. Tetrodotoxin is the poison that is produced by the puffer fish and a number of other animals. It is a virulent poison, the LD50 for the mouse is 10 nanograms. It acts by blocking the conduction of nerve impulses along nerve fibers and axons. The victim eventually dies from respiratory paralysis. Tetrodotoxin, much larger than the sodium ion, acts like a cork in a bottle, preventing the flow of sodium until it slowly diffuses off. A mortal dose of tetrodotoxin is but a single milligram. Tetrodotoxin competes with the hydrated sodium cation and enters the Na+-channel where it binds.", "Tetrodotoxin, frequently abbreviated as TTX, is a potent neurotoxin. Its name derives from Tetraodontiformes, an order that includes pufferfish, porcupinefish, ocean sunfish or mola, and triggerfish; several species that carry the toxin. Tetrodotoxin binds to what is known as site 1 of the fast voltage-gated sodium channel. Site 1 is located at the extracellular pore opening of the ion channel. The binding of any molecules to this site will temporarily disable the function of the ion channel", "Tetrodotoxin is found in the liver, skin and eggs of the pufferfish. Tetrodotoxin has also been detected in other animals such as the tropical goby, blue ringed octopus, and some species of crabs, starfish, newts and frogs. [ Fugu Recipes ]. Venomous snakes can be dangerous even after they are dead. ", "1 DESCRIPTION: Tetrodotoxin is an extremely potent poison (toxin) found mainly in the liver and sex organs (gonads) of some fish, such as puffer fish, globefish, and toadfish (order Tetraodontiformes) and in some amphibian, octopus, and shellfish species. ", "Tetrodotoxin inhibits the firing of action potentials in nerves by binding to the voltage-gated sodium channels in nerve cell membranes and blocking the passage of sodium ions (responsible for the rising phase of an action potential) into the nerve cell. Tetrodotoxin binds to what is known as site 1 of the fast voltage-gated sodium channel. Site 1 is located at the extracellular pore opening of the ion channel. The binding of any molecules to this site will temporarily disable the function of the ion channe", "The use of this toxin as a biochemical probe has elucidated two distinct types of voltage-gated sodium channels present in humans: the tetrodotoxin-sensitive voltage-gated sodium channel (TTX-s Na + channel) and the tetrodotoxin-resistant voltage-gated sodium channel (TTX-r Na + channel). Tetrodotoxin binds to what is known as site 1 of the fast voltage-gated sodium channel. Site 1 is located at the extracellular pore opening of the ion channel. The binding of any molecules to this site will temporarily disable the function of the ion channel", "Causes. See the list below: Ingestion of tetrodotoxin causes the syndrome. Almost all toxicity is caused by the ingestion of fugu, but other species of animals have been shown to produce tetrodotoxin (eg, California newt, parrot fish, blue-ringed octopus). A death from ingestion of tetrodotoxin from a California newt has been documented. ", "Tetrodotoxin: Mode of Action. The flow of sodium ions into nerve cells is a necessary step in the conduction of nerve impulses in excitable nerve fibers and along axons. Normal axon cells have high concentrations of K+ ions and low concentrations of Na+ ions and have a negative potential. Tetrodotoxin, much larger than the sodium ion, acts like a cork in a bottle, preventing the flow of sodium until it slowly diffuses off. A mortal dose of tetrodotoxin is but a single milligram. Tetrodotoxin competes with the hydrated sodium cation and enters the Na+-channel where it binds." ], "url": [ "http://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/motm/ttx/ttx.htm", "http://www.life.umd.edu/grad/mlfsc/zctsim/ionchannel.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrodotoxin", "http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/toxin1.html", "http://www.cdc.gov/NIOSH/ershdb/EmergencyResponseCard_29750019.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrodotoxin", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrodotoxin", "http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/818763-clinical", "http://www.life.umd.edu/grad/mlfsc/zctsim/ionchannel.html" ] }

[]

[ "A lover of learning;especially: a student of mathematics." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "A philomath is a lover of learning. Philomathy is similar to, but distinguished from, philosophy in that soph, the latter suffix, specifies wisdom or knowledge, rather than the process of acquisition thereof. Philomath is not synonymous with polymath..", "Definition of PHILOMATH. : a lover of learning: scholar; especially: a student of mathematics. — phil·o·math·e·an adjective. ADVERTISEMENT. This word doesn't usually appear in our free dictionary, but the definition from our premium Unabridged Dictionary is offered here on a limited basis. Note that some information is displayed differently in the Unabridged", "Philomath was named after the Philomath College that was founded in 1867 by the United Brethren Church. The name of the college and city was derived from two Greek words meaning lover of learning. The city was incorporated on October 20, 1882. Philomath (/fɨˈloʊməθ/ fi-LOH-məth) is a city in Benton County, Oregon, United States. It was named for Philomath (Greek, love of learning) College. The population was 4,584 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Corvallis, Oregon, Metropolitan Statistical Area", "Philomath, Oregon, is nestled at the base of the Marys Peak in the Oregon Coast Range and enjoys the mild climate of the mid-Willamette Valley. The current population is 4,630. The commanding Philomath College building, constructed in 1867, serves as the community anchor and is home to the Benton County Historical Museum. Philomath hosts several community events throughout the year, most notably, the Philomath Frolic & Rodeo, always held the second full weekend in July.", "For other uses, see Philomath (disambiguation) . A philomath (/ˈfɪlɵmaeθ/ ; ˈfɪlɵmæθ: greek φίλος (philos, beloved, loving as in philosophy or) + Philanthropy greek μανθάνειν, manthanein - (math to, learn as in)) polymath is a lover of. learning ", "Located in the beautiful and lush Willamette Valley, Philomath Self Storage provides self storage designed for peace of mind. Philomath Self Storage offers RV storage and parking spots in Philomath, OR. These spots are also great for boats and commercial vehicles. Philomath Self Storage has self storage units in a variety of sizes to meet your residential and commercial storage needs. Our friendly and professional staff is on-site and ready to help you with all of your self storage needs, questions and requirements" ], "url": [ "http://www.definitions.net/definition/philomath", "http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/philomath", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philomath,_Oregon", "http://www.ci.philomath.or.us/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philomath", "https://www.urbanstorage.com/self-storage/or/philomath/philomath-self-storage/" ] }

[]

[ "Flax" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "You can find out where the majority of the Lino families were living before they immigrated to the U.S and learn where to focus your search for foreign records. Immigration records can tell you an ancestor's name, ship name, port of departure, port of arrival, and destination. from the New York Passenger Lists. You can find out when most of the Lino families immigrated to the United States. You can focus your search to immigration records dating from that era. Immigration records can tell you an ancestor's name, ship name, port of departure, port of arrival", "[ 2 syll. li-no, lin-o ] The baby boy name Lino is pronounced in Galician as L IY-Nao or in Italian and Spanish as L IY-Now †. Lino is of Old Greek origin and it is used mainly in Italian. Lino is a variant of Linus (English and German). Lino is not widely used as a baby name for boys. It is not listed within the top 1000 names. Baby names that sound like Lino include Lajuan, Lalam, Lallaam, Laman (Arabic and English), Lamey, Lami, Lamie, Lamon, Lamy, Lanee, Laney, Lani (English), Lanie, Lannee, Lanney, Lanni, Lannie, Lanny (English), Lanu, and Lany. ", "Lino /lino/ [2 sylls.] as a boys' name. Lino's name origin is Greek, and the name Lino means flax. Lino is a variant transcription of Linus (Greek): from Linos. Compare surname Laino. Below is a charted analysis of the usage of Lino and corresponding names. The only popular related form of Lino (unlisted) rated in the Top 1000 is Linus. This boy name reached the height of its popularity during 1880-1889 (usage of 0.036%) and is now less popular.", "Lino Name Meaning. Spanish (Lino): liño perhaps a metonymic occupational name for a linen, weaver from ‘lino’.Liño linen Spanish: and portuguese from the medieval Personal (Name Lino), latin linus or from a short form of a personal name-ending. with lino You can find out when most of the Lino families immigrated to the United States. You can focus your search to immigration records dating from that era. Immigration records can tell you an ancestor's name, ship name, port of departure, port of arrival and destination.", "Lino Name Meaning. Spanish (Lino): liño perhaps a metonymic occupational name for a linen, weaver from ‘lino’.Liño linen Spanish: and portuguese from the medieval Personal (Name Lino), latin linus or from a short form of a personal name-ending. With: Lino source Dictionary Of American ©family, Names 2013 Oxford. university press You can find out when most of the Lino families immigrated to the United States. You can focus your search to immigration records dating from that era. Immigration records can tell you an ancestor's name, ship name, port of departure, port of arrival and destination.", "Lino is a somewhat prominent first name for men (#1107 out of 1220, Top 91%) and an even more prominent last name for both adults and children (#10102 out of 150436, Top 7%). Below is a charted analysis of the usage of Lino and corresponding names. The only popular related form of Lino (unlisted) rated in the Top 1000 is Linus. This boy name reached the height of its popularity during 1880-1889 (usage of 0.036%) and is now less popular.", "Latin Meaning: The name Lino is a Latin baby name. In Latin the meaning of the name Lino is: Praise. SoulUrge Number: 6. Expression Number: 5. People with this name have a deep inner desire for a stable, loving family or community, and a need to work with others and to be appreciated.", "What does Lino mean, popularity, numerology and more. The name Lino is of Italian origin. The meaning of Lino is flax. It is also of Spanish origin, where its meaning is a cry of grief. View the Lino Name Popularity Page to see how the popularity trend for Lino has changed since 1880, or to compare the popularity of Lino to other names.", "Lino is generally used as a boy's name. It consists of 4 letters and 2 syllables and is pronounced Li-no. In the U.S. in 2014, it ranked 2809 in baby name popularity for boys with 42 occurrences. Less than 5 girls were given the name. View the Lino Name Popularity Page to see how the popularity trend for Lino has changed since 1880, or to compare the popularity of Lino to other names." ], "url": [ "http://www.ancestry.com/name-origin?surname=lino", "http://www.babynamespedia.com/meaning/Lino", "http://www.thinkbabynames.com/meaning/1/Lino", "http://www.ancestry.com/name-origin?surname=lino", "http://www.ancestry.com/name-origin?surname=lino", "http://www.thinkbabynames.com/meaning/1/Lino", "http://www.sheknows.com/baby-names/name/lino", "http://www.ourbabynamer.com/meaning-of-Lino.html", "http://www.ourbabynamer.com/meaning-of-Lino.html" ] }

[]

[ "10 years" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "GET QUOTES. Domestic EPC. The new government has now suspended the Home Information Pack which did include an EPC for potential buyers.The EPC in the HIP was valid for 3 years but this has now changed to a standalone EPC for a home that's put up for sale is now valid for 10 years. Landlords EPC. ", "Any domestic work notified by your electrician to NICEIC Building Control is searchable through the site www.checkmynotification.com. You can check the details of the certificate via the number on the certificate or the address where the work was carried out. Should you require a copy of a certificate, you can follow the secure payment process and a certificate will be sent to you in the post. ", "Domestic Testing. The NICEIC guidelines recommend that the electrics in domestic properties should be tested at least every 10 years. This will ensure that the installation remains in a good condition and continues to be safe to use. Get a free quote →. If you’re a landlord with a rented property the advice is that testing should be carried out every 5 years to ensure the safety of your tenants on an ongoing basis. It’s also advisable to monitor the condition of the electrical installation and keep track of any alterations with an annual Visual Condition Report.", "* Where the electrical work to which this certificate relates includes the installation of a fire alarm system and/or an emergency lighting system (or a part of such systems), this electrical safety certificate should be accompanied by the particular certificate(s) for the system(s). 'N/A' indicates that an inspection or test was not applicable to the panicular installation. Where a smoke alarm has been installed, separate certification is required on the appropriate form. This form is based on the model Electrical Installation Certificate shown in Appendix 6 of BS 7671 (as amended).", "It will be up to you to prove that the electrical installation was fit for service at the time of renting and that the onus of blame lies elsewhere. Your up to date electrical safety certificate will ensure that you can do this. Contrary to popular belief, the current regulations of the IEE wiring regulations BS 7671 was issued in 1991. It states that every electrical system shall be tested before being brought into service and have an electrical safety certificate issued.", "All electrical installations deteriorate with time and should be inspected and tested every 3 to 5 years for continued service. Such safety checks are commonly known as ‘periodic inspection’ or ‘domestic electrical installation condition report’. A electrical inspection reports will: 1 Reveal if any of your electrical circuits or equipment are overloaded. 2 Find any potential electric shock risks and fire hazards. All our engineers are either NICEIC (external link), ELECSA (external link) , or NAPIT (external link) registered and are fully qualified to carry out electrical certificates or domestic electrical installation condition reports.", "The time an ECS card is valid for will depend on the card type and the rules of the scheme. Typically an ECS craft card will be valid for a maximum of 3 years, however, some ECS cards have a shorter validity period. An ECS craft card is valid for 3 years, ECS Adult Trainee cards are valid for 24 months with Conditional and Provisional cards valid for 18 months. ", "NICEIC Online Certification. A revolutionary way to certify & notify your work! Now for the first time ever, you can certify and notify all your work online using NICEIC's new online certification system. Create, store and administer certificates in a simpler, quicker and more streamlined way, saving your business time and money" ], "url": [ "http://www.epccompare.com/compare_epcs/epc/how_long_does_an_epc_last_for/", "https://www.niceic.com/find-a-contractor/certificate-check", "http://www.aec-group.co.uk/testing-info/", "http://www.roomsoutdoor.co.uk/download/building_regulations_certificate_example.pdf", "http://www.brhelectrical.co.uk/static/LandlordsFAQ.asp", "https://www.landlord-certificates.co.uk/electrical-certificates/what-is-an-electrical-installation-condition-report/", "http://www.ecscard.org.uk/faqs.aspx", "https://www.niceiconline.com/" ] }

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[ "$4.11 Per bushel." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Overview. Cost and return estimates are reported for the United States and major production regions for corn, soybeans, wheat, cotton, grain sorghum, rice, peanuts, oats, barley, milk, hogs, and cow-calf. The history of commodity cost and return estimates for the U.S. and regions is divided into three categories: Current, Recent, and Historical estimates. Cost-of Production Forecasts are also available for major U.S. field crops. Note: The procedure used to update the opportunity cost of land in all crop production cost and return accounts was changed in the October 1, 2013 update", "USDA's low cost food plan. Low-Cost Food Plan from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). The Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion (CNPP) of the USDA uses the USDA’s Food Plans and current food cost data to calculate, each month, the Cost of Food at Home for four different levels 1 : Thrifty. 2 Low.", "Overview. Monthly milk cost-of-production (COP) estimates, and annual milk COP estimates by State and size of operation are shown below. Estimates since 2010 are based on the 2010 Agricultural Resource Management Survey (ARMS) data from milk producers", "1 INCREASING PRODUCTION COSTS Background USDA forecasts that total farm production expenses rose to $221 billion in 2005, up 5 percent from 2004 and 12.6 percent from 2001. Higher costs from purchased inputs such as fuel, fertilizers, and pesticides explain much of the rise in total farm production expenses. The input prices paid for fuel and fertilizer in 2005 spiked 61.5 percent and have tripled in 3 years. Annual indexes compiled by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) show that prices paid by farmers for all items rose 12.9 percent from 2002 to 2005. This was greater than the finished goods producer price index (PPI), which rose 12.1 percent over the same period.", "This allows one to calculate a total cost of production on a per bushel basis. For instance, at the estimated trend yield of 166 bushels per acre for corn the costs of production would be $4.11 per bushel. Using this approach soybeans and wheat come in at costs of $10.65 and $6.50 per bushel respectively.", "Wrapping it Up. The USDA cost of production estimates suggest that 2016 input costs will be similar to 2015. With prices at current levels, this would mean another challenging year for many farmers. For instance, at the estimated trend yield of 166 bushels per acre for corn the costs of production would be $4.11 per bushel. Using this approach soybeans and wheat come in at costs of $10.65 and $6.50 per bushel respectively.", "Note: Due to a change in the way the National Agricultural Statistic Service (NASS) is reporting agricultural price data, beginning with the January 2015 release of this data product, monthly milk cost of production can no longer be estimated for the month prior to the current release date. Monthly milk cost-of-production (COP) estimates, and annual milk COP estimates by State and size of operation are shown below.", "USDA's low cost food plan. Low-Cost Food Plan from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). The Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion (CNPP) of the USDA uses the USDA’s Food Plans and current food cost data to calculate, each month, the Cost of Food at Home for four different levels : Low-Cost Food Plan from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). The Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion (CNPP) of the USDA uses the USDA’s Food Plans and current food cost data to calculate, each month, the Cost of Food at Home for four different levels 1 : Thrifty. 2 Low.", "The 2016 cost of production estimates for corn, soybeans, and wheat show costs nearly the same as those forecast for 2015. To be specific the budgeted costs range from $8.48 (corn) to $5.00 per acre (wheat) higher than 2015. For instance, at the estimated trend yield of 166 bushels per acre for corn the costs of production would be $4.11 per bushel. Using this approach soybeans and wheat come in at costs of $10.65 and $6.50 per bushel respectively." ], "url": [ "http://ers.usda.gov/data-products/commodity-costs-and-returns.aspx", "http://www.extension.iastate.edu/foodsavings/page/usdas-low-cost-food-plan", "http://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/milk-cost-of-production-estimates.aspx", "http://www.usda.gov/documents/INCREASING_PRODUCTION_COSTS.pdf", "http://ageconomists.com/2015/08/03/2016-usda-cost-of-production-forecasts-point-to-more-of-the-same-for-u-s-farmers/", "http://ageconomists.com/2015/08/03/2016-usda-cost-of-production-forecasts-point-to-more-of-the-same-for-u-s-farmers/", "http://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/milk-cost-of-production-estimates.aspx", "http://www.extension.iastate.edu/foodsavings/page/usdas-low-cost-food-plan", "http://ageconomists.com/2015/08/03/2016-usda-cost-of-production-forecasts-point-to-more-of-the-same-for-u-s-farmers/" ] }

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[ "In medium bowl, mix powdered sugar and butter with spoon or electric mixer on low speed. Stir in vanilla and 1 tablespoon of the milk. 2 Gradually beat in just enough remaining milk to make frosting smooth and spreadable.If frosting is too thick, beat in more milk, a few drops at a time" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Step 3: Cream together ingredients. In a large mixing bowl beat the softened butter with an electric mixer on medium speed until smooth. Gradually add 2 cups of the powdered sugar, beating well. Slowly beat in 1/3 cup milk and the vanilla. If your frosting gets a bit too soft, put it in the refrigerator for a few minutes or stir in 1/4 to 1/2 cup more powdered sugar to firm it up. If desired, add a few drops of food coloring or flavorings (see How to Add Flavor to Frosting, below) to tint or flavor the frosting.", "Preparation. Cream butter, salt, and vanilla, beating with an electric mixer until light and fluffy. Add the confectioners' sugar gradually, beating after each addition. Add 3 tablespoons milk or light cream, beating until smooth. Beat in more milk until desired spreading consistency is reached and the frosting is spreadable. Makes about 2 1/3 cups of frosting, enough to frost tops and sides of of an 8-inch 2-layer cake or a 10-inch tube or bundt cake, or about 1 dozen cupcakes.", "1 1 In medium bowl, mix powdered sugar and butter with spoon or electric mixer on low speed. 2 Stir in vanilla and 1 tablespoon of the milk. 3 2 Gradually beat in just enough remaining milk to make frosting smooth and spreadable. 4 If frosting is too thick, beat in more milk, a few drops at a time. 1 Stir in vanilla and 1 tablespoon of the milk. 2 2 Gradually beat in just enough remaining milk to make frosting smooth and spreadable. 3 If frosting is too thick, beat in more milk, a few drops at a time. 4 If frosting becomes too thin, beat in a small amount of powdered sugar.", "1 In a large bowl, cream together the confectioners' sugar and shortening until smooth. 2 Gradually mix in the milk and vanilla with an electric mixer until smooth and stiff, about 5 minutes. 3 Color with food coloring if desired. Prep. Ready In. 1 ", "Directions. 1 1 In medium bowl, mix powdered sugar and butter with spoon or electric mixer on low speed. 2 Stir in vanilla and 1 tablespoon of the milk. 3 2 Gradually beat in just enough remaining milk to make frosting smooth and spreadable. 4 If frosting is too thick, beat in more milk, a few drops at a time. 1 Stir in vanilla and 1 tablespoon of the milk. 2 2 Gradually beat in just enough remaining milk to make frosting smooth and spreadable. 3 If frosting is too thick, beat in more milk, a few drops at a time. 4 If frosting becomes too thin, beat in a small amount of powdered sugar.", "Directions. 1 Cream sugar, butter and vanilla. 2 Add a small amount of milk (1 to 2 tablespoons). 3 Add cocoa if desired and beat until fluffy. 4 If frosting is too sweet add a little more milk. 1 Cream sugar, butter and vanilla. 2 Add a small amount of milk (1 to 2 tablespoons). 3 Add cocoa if desired and beat until fluffy. 4 If frosting is too sweet add a little more milk.", "3. Add milk. Add 3 tablespoons of cold milk to the sugar, and whisk until well-blended. http://pad3.whstatic.com/images/thumb/a/a5/Make-Frosting-with-Powdered-Sugar-Step-3-preview-Version-2.jpg/550px-Make-Frosting-with-Powdered-Sugar-Step-3-preview-Version-2.jpg. http://pad3.whstatic .... Pour in the sugar. Put 2 cups (226g) powdered sugar into a medium bowl. Whisk out any lumps. http://pad3.whstatic.com/images/thumb/1/15/Make-Frosting-with-Powdered-Sugar-Step-2-preview-Version-2.jpg/550px-Make-Frosting-with-Powdered-Sugar-Step-2-preview-Version-2.jpg. http://pad3.whstatic ...." ], "url": [ "http://www.bhg.com/recipes/how-to/bake/how-to-make-frosting/", "http://southernfood.about.com/od/icingrecipes/r/Creamy-Butter-Frosting-Recipe.htm", "http://www.bettycrocker.com/recipes/vanilla-buttercream-frosting/39107a19-be94-4571-9031-f1fc5bd1d606", "http://allrecipes.com/recipe/9840/sugar-cookie-frosting/", "http://www.bettycrocker.com/recipes/vanilla-buttercream-frosting/39107a19-be94-4571-9031-f1fc5bd1d606", "http://allrecipes.com/recipe/10842/vanilla---chocolate-powdered-sugar-frosting/", "http://www.wikihow.com/Make-Frosting-with-Powdered-Sugar" ] }

[]

[ "Stimulant" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "A: Adderall (amphetamine/dextroamphetamine) is a stimulant which is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy.", "Adderall (amphetamine and dextroamphetamine) is a stimulant that affects chemicals in the brain that are associated with hyperactivity and impulse control. Adderall is used in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Adderall is available as a short-acting and long-acting formulation.", "Part of the confusion over whether the drug is a stimulant or depressant arises from the different effects people experience depending on dose and individual physiology. While one person may feel jittery and hyper after taking Adderall, another may feel more an increased sense of focus.", "By Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D. One common drug question I get a lot is whether Adderall, a drug commonly prescribed for ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder), is a stimulant or a depressant. Adderall is an amphetamine, which means it is a stimulant, in the same class of chemicals that includes methamphetamine and benzedrine.", "Adderall is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that is used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy. According to the prescribing information, the most common side effects of Adderall are loss of appetite, insomnia, weight loss, abdominal pain, mood changes, and vomiting.", "The drug's effects include euphoria, increased wakefulness, increased focus, increased libido, and diminished appetite. Adderall effects blood pressure, cardiac function, respiration, muscles, and digestive function. As with other amphetamines, it is addictive and discontinuing its use may lead to withdrawal symptoms.", "Stimulant medications including amphetamines (e.g., Adderall) and methylphenidate (e.g., Ritalin and Concerta) are often prescribed to treat children, adolescents, or adults diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)." ], "url": [ "http://www.everydayhealth.com/drugs/adderall", "http://www.everydayhealth.com/drugs/adderall", "http://chemistry.about.com/b/2013/04/10/is-adderall-a-stimulant-or-a-depressant.htm", "http://chemistry.about.com/b/2013/04/10/is-adderall-a-stimulant-or-a-depressant.htm", "http://www.everydayhealth.com/drugs/adderall", "http://chemistry.about.com/b/2013/04/10/is-adderall-a-stimulant-or-a-depressant.htm", "https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/stimulant-adhd-medications-methylphenidate-amphetamines" ] }

[]

[ "Courageous" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Basel is generally used as a boy's name. It consists of 5 letters and 2 syllables and is pronounced Ba-sel. In the U.S. in 2014, it ranked 4672 in baby name popularity for boys with 20 occurrences. Less than 5 girls were given the name.", "Meaning of Basel. Basel is an indirect Quranic name for boys that means “courageous”, “lion”. It is derived from the B-S-L root which is used in many places in the Quran.", "Find Basel meaning and definition at Hamariweb.com name dictionary a Best place to find your accurate name meanings in Urdu. Basel name reviews, Origin, gender, rating an many more about Basel.", "You can find out where the majority of the Basel families were living before they immigrated to the U.S and learn where to focus your search for foreign records. Immigration records can tell you an ancestor's name, ship name, port of departure, port of arrival, and destination. from the New York Passenger Lists.", "German: habitational name from the Swiss city of Basel.from a short form of Germanic personal names formed with Old High German ber ‘bear’ (the animal) or Old Norse bodh ‘battle’. from a pet form, Božel, from Slavic Božidar ‘gift of God’.", "[ 2 syll. ba-sel, bas-el ] The baby boy name Basel is pronounced as B AA ZAHL †. The origin of Basel is Old Greek. Basel is a variation of the name Basil (Arabic, Czech, English, French, and German).", "Basler Name Meaning. habitational name for someone from the city of Basel in Switzerland.from an agent derivative of Middle Low German baseln ‘to behave in a confused manner’, hence a nickname for a scatterbrained person." ], "url": [ "http://www.ourbabynamer.com/meaning-of-Basel.html", "http://quranicnames.com/basel/", "http://hamariweb.com/names/muslim/arabic/boy/basel-meaning_117", "http://www.ancestry.com/name-origin?surname=basel", "http://www.ancestry.com/name-origin?surname=basel", "http://www.babynamespedia.com/meaning/Basel", "http://www.ancestry.com/name-origin?surname=basler" ] }

[]

[ "100 to 102.5 degrees Fahrenheit." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Dogs have higher body temperature than we do. Therefore, even if your dog may feel hot or feverish to you, his body temperature may still be within normal limit. The normal dog temperature is 101.5°F (38.6°C). A body temperature of 102°F (38.9°C) or above is considered a fever. Dogs can run a high fever of 104°F (40°C) and sometimes up to 105°F (40.5°C).", "The body functions normally at a given temperature range; this is true for humans and for dogs. A dog’s body is set to a normal temperature of 100 to 102.5 degrees Fahrenheit. The average canine body temperature is 101.3.", "In general, the normal body temperature for animals is higher than for humans. The normal rectal temperature of a dog is 99.5° to 102.5°F. The normal temperature of a puppy at birth is 96-97°F. The temperature gradually increases with age until it is 100°F at 4 weeks of age.", "The normal body temperature for dogs is between 101 and 102.5 F, compared to 97.6 to 99.6 F for humans. This means your dog may feel feverish to you even when his temperature is completely normal. The word “fever” is typically used to describe elevated body temperature caused by infection or inflammation.", "The normal temperature range of an adult canine is between 100 and 102.5 degrees F, or 37.8 and 39.2 degrees C. Typically, the most accurate results will be obtained by taking the dog's temperature rectally, but the temperature can also be taken in the ears, using a digital thermometer.", "The normal body temperature for a dog falls within the range of 100°F to 102.5°F (about 38°C to 39.2°C). If your dog's temperature is outside of this range, you should contact your veterinarian. Body temperature over 104°F or under 99°F indicates an emergency situation." ], "url": [ "http://www.natural-dog-health-remedies.com/dog-temperature.html", "http://www.vetstreet.com/dr-marty-becker/what-is-normal-dog-temperature-heart-rate-and-respiration", "http://www.peteducation.com/article.cfm?c=21+1276&aid=1779", "http://pets.webmd.com/dogs/high-fever-in-dogs", "http://www.vetinfo.com/what-is-a-normal-dog-temperature-range.html", "http://dogs.about.com/od/faqs/f/normal_temp.htm" ] }

[]

[ "16 days" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The half-life of a medication is the time it takes for the amount of the medication in the body to be reduced by 50%. The mean elimination half-life for Abilify (aripiprazole) is about 75 hours. Typically it takes 5 half-lives for a medication to get out of your system. With that being said, it will take approximately 375 hours (16 days) for Abilify (aripiprazole) to completely leave your body. Abilify is metabolized (broken down by the body) through the CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 pathways.", "Hello, As I said the half life of Abilify is 75 hours or days and 3 hours. It is generally considered to take 7 half lives to totally rid a substance from your system. That totals 21 days. Best wishes and good luck.", "As I said the half life of Abilify is 75 hours or days and 3 hours. It is generally considered to take 7 half lives to totally rid a substance from your system. That totals 21 days. Best wishes and good luck.", "Hi Casandra, quitting abruptly can cause significant withdrawal symptoms… Your doctor is correct about the drug staying in your system for a few days as the half-life is extremely long (75 hours), meaning it can take up to a full week (7 days) for the drug to clear your system." ], "url": [ "http://www.rxwiki.com/askrx/3192/how-long-does-it-take-for-abilify-to-leave-the-body", "http://www.justanswer.com/mental-health/2oktl-long-does-abilify-system.html", "http://www.justanswer.com/mental-health/2oktl-long-does-abilify-system.html", "http://mentalhealthdaily.com/2014/04/16/abilify-withdrawal-symptoms-how-long-do-they-last/" ] }

[]

[ "Stoli-Bolli" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Storyline. Edina Monsoon and her best friend Patsy drive Eddie's sensible daughter, Saffron, up the wall with their constant drug abuse and outrageous selfishness. Numerous in-jokes and heavy doses of cruel humour have made this series a cult hit in the UK and abroad. Reviews: 49 user | 13 critic. Edina Monsoon and her best friend Patsy drive Eddie's sensible daughter, Saffron, up the wall with their constant drug abuse and outrageous selfishness.", "All of the originals who are back together again are still truly absolutely fabulous and the new adventures of Edina, Patsy, Saffy, Bubble and Mother, plus a few surprising guests, will be a real treat for viewers.. Saunders announced in November 2011 that she has begun work on a film version of the series. Absolutely Fabulous inspired a French feature film, called Absolument fabuleux, in 2001. It was written and directed by Gabriel Aghion, and starred Josiane Balasko as Eddy and Nathalie Baye as Patsy. Saunders had a small cameo alongside Catherine Deneuve as a spectator at a fashion show.", "[ Patsy describes her sister, Jackie ]. Patsy: She is there, behind the rich and powerful... beside the rich and powerful... *under* the rich and powerful. Patsy: Eddy, you know your stomach's like a dog that doesn't know when it's going to be fed next. It just hangs around until you want to kick it. Patsy: You don't want to put on two pieces of Elastroplast and shove in some dental floss and call it an outfit... You don't wanna WHAP your fanny out of the prim! Just slither your tits out of the back of a taxi, I mean they're just mags, sweetheart. They're just mags. They're just receycled snaps.", "Absolutely Fabulous evolved from a French & Saunders sketch called Modern Mother and Daughter (from series 3 episode 6), which starred Saunders as the mother (named 'Adrianna') and French as the daughter, already named Saffron. Absolutely Fabulous inspired a French feature film, called Absolument fabuleux, in 2001. It was written and directed by Gabriel Aghion, and starred Josiane Balasko as Eddy and Nathalie Baye as Patsy. Saunders had a small cameo alongside Catherine Deneuve as a spectator at a fashion show.", "Stoli-Bolli. The Stoli-Bolli cocktail came from an episode of Absolutely Fabulous, in which Patsy and Edina kind of make it up on the fly. It’s extremely simple – vodka-spiked champagne. But coming from the minds of Patsy and Edina, it’s all about the brands. ", "And now, after over 20 years, Absolutely Fabulous is coming back darlings! Well, sort of. Jennifer Saunders has confirmed she's completed an Ab Fab film script, called Edina and Patsy. The movie will see the return of Joanna Lumley and Jennifer Saunders hilarious on-screen characters, Eddy and Pats. Saunders (who plays Eddy) told Sunday People this year: I ve finished the first draft.", "The thing is, if someone back then had wanted to scoff an Absolutely Fabulous while watching Absolutely Fabulous, it would have been a repeat. The original and triumphant three series run of Ab Fab ended about four years earlier, in 1995. It’s entirely possible Eddy used Bolli as mouthwash and on her breakfast cereal. ", "Patsy was born on 30 October, although her actual age is never clearly divulged; she often states herself to be between 39 and 43. In one episode (Cold Turkey) a nurse guesses that she is around 65 years old. Patsy also has a sister named Jackie, whom Eddy abhors and who twice tried to kill Patsy with drug overdoses. Jackie intimidates Patsy into stating that Patsy is the elder of the two.", "Although Ab Fab was produced by Saunders and French's production company, Dawn French appeared on the show only once, in a cameo in the first-series episode Magazine. Three new specials were announced to celebrate the show's 20th anniversary with the first special, Identity airing on 25 December 2011. Absolutely Fabulous inspired a French feature film, called Absolument fabuleux, in 2001. It was written and directed by Gabriel Aghion, and starred Josiane Balasko as Eddy and Nathalie Baye as Patsy. Saunders had a small cameo alongside Catherine Deneuve as a spectator at a fashion show." ], "url": [ "http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0105929/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolutely_Fabulous", "http://www.imdb.com/character/ch0027816/quotes", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolutely_Fabulous", "http://mixthatdrink.com/stoli-bolli/", "http://www.marieclaire.co.uk/blogs/548806/21-funniest-ab-fab-quotes-of-all-time.html", "http://thecocktailstudio.com.au/spirits/vodka/cocktails/absolutely-fabulous", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patsy_Stone", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolutely_Fabulous" ] }

[]

[ "7 to 8 months old." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Calves can be ready for weaning by 3 to 4 weeks of age; however, in Penn State studies calves weaned at 3 weeks required extra attention. The increased time and labor required to get these calves eating starter suggest that waiting until 4 weeks of age would be prudent. Body weight at 8 weeks of age was the same for all calves and averaged 164 pounds. This meant that calves nearly doubled their birth weight by 8 weeks of age, a good parameter in any calf feeding system. Average daily gains also were similar. Height at the hips and withers was similar too, regardless of weaning age.", "If a newborn calf is unable to nurse its dam, use of a surrogate cow may be the best way to raise the calf until weaning. Bottle-fed calves can be weaned after one month of age, while calves nursing cows are weaned between 3 and 8 months of age. It is usually best to wean at the older age. For comparing weight of calves weaned at different ages, a 205-day weaning weight is sometimes calculated. ", "Traditionally, calves are weaned at six to seven months of age. In typical spring calving herds in the northern Great Plains, this is usually October or November. However, during drought, forage is generally limiting and early weaning should be considered as a management tool. Early weaned calves can achieve adequate rates of growth if given access to a high quality ration. By the time calves are 3 to 4 months of age, they are consuming significant amounts of forage. At 6 to 7 months of age, calves will consume approximately half the amount of forage as a mature cow.", "1 Weaning early can result in improved conception rates, provided the calves are weaned during the breeding season. 2 This would require weaning calves at a very young age (calves need to be weaned at 45 to 105 days of age to allow increased conception rates). Early weaned calves can achieve adequate rates of growth if given access to a high quality ration. By the time calves are 3 to 4 months of age, they are consuming significant amounts of forage. At 6 to 7 months of age, calves will consume approximately half the amount of forage as a mature cow.", "1 Improved conception rates. 2 Weaning early can result in improved conception rates, provided the calves are weaned during the breeding season. 3 This would require weaning calves at a very young age (calves need to be weaned at 45 to 105 days of age to allow increased conception rates). Early weaned calves can achieve adequate rates of growth if given access to a high quality ration. By the time calves are 3 to 4 months of age, they are consuming significant amounts of forage. At 6 to 7 months of age, calves will consume approximately half the amount of forage as a mature cow.", "1 Calves are ideally weaned when they are 7 to 8 months old. 2 The right time to wean a calf depends on the condition of the cow and not the age of the calf. 3 Calves should be weaned before the condition score of the cow falls below 2,5 if adequate winter feed is available and the cows maintain their condition. ", "Early weaning for the purpose of improving fertility of first calf heifers can be done when the calves are 35 to 60 days of age. Clemson University studies have shown that 81 percent of the heifers whose calves were weaned at 56 days of age calved within the first 30 days of the subsequent calving season. ", "In a severe drought calves can be weaned as early as six weeks if they are placed on a high protein (18 per cent) concentrate diet and carefully managed. Weaning at this stage will conserve the body condition of the cows, stimulate oestrus activity, ovulation and ensure reasonable conception rates at joining. Calves are generally weaned between 8-10 months of age. The actual age depends on several factors: 1 Feed availability-cows can continue lactation without losing condition in good years, but early weaning should be considered in drier years.", "In the hypothetical example given above with early weaned cows grazing the pasture for an additional 29 days, you can put a value on early weaning. One approach would be to calculate feed savings for the additional $29 days of grazing. If it cost $1.00/day to feed a cow hay, the value would be $29/head. However, if you have a marketable sized early-weaned calf to sell, returns at weaning may not be much different than that of normal weaning. If you are retaining ownership on calves, it may advantageous to not early wean unless you can benefit from extended grazing and/or improved cow body condition score.", "Some people feed the calves while others just wean them on pasture. Calves 4-5 months of age transition better, as they’re used to eating forage. Younger calves are trickier, but if you can meet the nutrient requirements of calves just 2-3 months old, they can be successfully weaned that young, Lardy adds. “If markets are good, some people sell 350- to 400-lb. calves as lightweight stockers early in the season. By weaning their calves early, nutrients are freed up for heifers to complete growth and have a healthy pregnancy,” Lardy says. Trey Patterson, chief operations officer for Padlock Ranch, Ranchester, WY, says they sometimes wean calves as early as four months old, mainly on first-calf heifers, but sometimes cows." ], "url": [ "http://extension.psu.edu/animals/dairy/nutrition/calves/feeding/early-weaning-strategies", "http://extension.oregonstate.edu/douglas/sites/default/files/documents/lf/WeaningLF0503.pdf", "https://www.ag.ndsu.edu/drought/feeds-and-feeding/early-weaning-beef-calves", "https://www.ag.ndsu.edu/drought/feeds-and-feeding/early-weaning-beef-calves", "https://www.ag.ndsu.edu/drought/feeds-and-feeding/early-weaning-beef-calves", "http://www.nda.agric.za/docs/weaning/weaning.htm", "http://gpvec.unl.edu/HeatDrought/EarlyWeaning/EarlyWeanCalvesG83-655-A.htm", "http://gpvec.unl.edu/HeatDrought/EarlyWeaning/Weaning%20beef%20calves.htm", "http://beef.unl.edu/beefreports/symp-2007-11-xx.shtml", "http://beefmagazine.com/calving/specialists-provide-advice-early-weaning-calves" ] }

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