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CONCLUSIONS | Overall , the heptavalent and pentavalent vaccines had similar safety profiles . | Overall, the heptavalent and pentavalent vaccines had similar safety profiles. |
CONCLUSIONS | The difference observed in percentage of subjects with fever > 39 degrees C did not lead to differences in medically attended visits for fever . | The difference observed in percentage of subjects with fever > 39 degrees C did not lead to differences in medically attended visits for fever. |
OBJECTIVE | To describe satisfaction with continuous glucose monitoring in Type 1 diabetes ; to correlate continuous glucose monitoring satisfaction scores with usage ; and to identify common themes in perceived benefits and barriers of monitoring reported by adults , youths and the parents of youths in the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation continuous glucose monitoring trials . | To describe satisfaction with continuous glucose monitoring in Type 1 diabetes ; to correlate continuous glucose monitoring satisfaction scores with usage ; and to identify common themes in perceived benefits and barriers of monitoring reported by adults, youths and the parents of youths in the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation continuous glucose monitoring trials. |
METHODS | The Continuous Glucose Monitoring Satisfaction Scale questionnaire was completed after 6 months of monitoring . | The Continuous Glucose Monitoring Satisfaction Scale questionnaire was completed after 6 months of monitoring. |
METHODS | Participants also answered open-ended queries of positive and negative attributes of continuous glucose monitoring . | Participants also answered open-ended queries of positive and negative attributes of continuous glucose monitoring. |
RESULTS | More frequent monitoring was associated with higher satisfaction for adults ( n = 224 ) , youths ( n = 208 ) and parents of youths ( n = 192 ) ( all P < 0.001 ) in both the ` benefits ' and ` hassles ' sub-scales of the Continuous Glucose Monitoring Satisfaction Scale , but the greatest differences between the two groups involved scores on hassle items . | More frequent monitoring was associated with higher satisfaction for adults (n = 224), youths (n = 208) and parents of youths (n = 192) (all P < 0. 001) in both the'benefits'and'hassles'sub-scales of the Continuous Glucose Monitoring Satisfaction Scale, but the greatest differences between the two groups involved scores on hassle items. |
RESULTS | Common barriers to monitoring use included insertion pain , system alarms and body issues ; while common benefits included glucose trend data , opportunities to self-correct out-of-range glucose levels and to detect hypoglycaemia . | Common barriers to monitoring use included insertion pain, system alarms and body issues ; while common benefits included glucose trend data, opportunities to self-correct out-of-range glucose levels and to detect hypoglycaemia. |
CONCLUSIONS | As frequent use of continuous glucose monitoring is associated with improved glycaemic control without increased hypoglycaemia it is important to overcome barriers , reinforce benefits and set realistic expectations for this technology in order to promote its more consistent and frequent use in individuals with Type 1 diabetes . | As frequent use of continuous glucose monitoring is associated with improved glycaemic control without increased hypoglycaemia it is important to overcome barriers, reinforce benefits and set realistic expectations for this technology in order to promote its more consistent and frequent use in individuals with Type 1 diabetes. |
OBJECTIVE | To observe the clinical effect of Xinyikang Oral Liquid ( XYK ) in treating viral myocarditis patients of Qi-Yin Deficiency and Evil-Toxin Encroaching Heart Type . | To observe the clinical effect of Xinyikang Oral Liquid (XYK) in treating viral myocarditis patients of Qi-Yin Deficiency and Evil-Toxin Encroaching Heart Type. |
METHODS | Randomized controlled method was adopted , the 92 cases in the XYK group received XYK and 30 cases in the control group received Qidong Yixin oral liquid treatment for 4 weeks as a therapeutic course . | Randomized controlled method was adopted, the 92 cases in the XYK group received XYK and 30 cases in the control group received Qidong Yixin oral liquid treatment for 4 weeks as a therapeutic course. |
METHODS | Their symptoms , signs , white blood cell count ( WBC ) , erythrocyte sedimentation rate ( ESR ) , lactate , aspartate aminotransferase ( AST ) dehydrogenase ( LDH ) , creatine phosphokinase ( CPK ) , creatine phosphokinase isoenzyme ( CPK-MB ) , electrocardiogram ( ECG ) and dynamic ECG changes before and after treatment were observed . | Their symptoms, signs, white blood cell count (WBC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), lactate, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), creatine phosphokinase isoenzyme (CPK-MB), electrocardiogram (ECG) and dynamic ECG changes before and after treatment were observed. |
RESULTS | The improvement on chest stuffiness , short breath , fatigue and spontaneous perspiration in the treatment group was better than those in the control group ( P < 0.05 ) and XYK showed obvious improving effect on ESR , AST , LDH , CPK and CPK-MB ( P < 0.01 or 0.05 ) . | The improvement on chest stuffiness, short breath, fatigue and spontaneous perspiration in the treatment group was better than those in the control group (P < 0. 05) and XYK showed obvious improving effect on ESR, AST, LDH, CPK and CPK-MB (P < 0. 01 or 0. 05). |
RESULTS | There was no adverse reaction or side-toxic effects revealed in using XYK . | There was no adverse reaction or side-toxic effects revealed in using XYK. |
CONCLUSIONS | XYK has significant therapeutic effect in treating viral myocarditis . | XYK has significant therapeutic effect in treating viral myocarditis. |
OBJECTIVE | Little is known about the benefit of antiviral therapy for hepatitis B e antigen ( HBeAg ) - positive patients with high viral load and normal levels of alanine aminotransferase . | Little is known about the benefit of antiviral therapy for hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) - positive patients with high viral load and normal levels of alanine aminotransferase. |
OBJECTIVE | We evaluated the effects of single and combination therapies in immune-tolerant patients with chronic hepatitis B. | We evaluated the effects of single and combination therapies in immune-tolerant patients with chronic hepatitis B. |
METHODS | In a double-blind study , nucleos ( t ) ide-nave patients with high levels of hepatitis B virus ( HBV ) DNA who were positive for HBeAg and had normal levels of alanine aminotransferase were randomly assigned to groups given either oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate ( TDF , 300 mg ) and placebo ( n = 64 ) or a combination of TDF ( 300 mg ) and emtricitabine ( 200 mg , n = 62 ) for 192 weeks . | In a double-blind study, nucleos (t) ide-nave patients with high levels of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA who were positive for HBeAg and had normal levels of alanine aminotransferase were randomly assigned to groups given either oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF, 300 mg) and placebo (n = 64) or a combination of TDF (300 mg) and emtricitabine (200 mg, n = 62) for 192 weeks. |
METHODS | The primary end point was proportion of patients with serum levels of HBV DNA < 69 IU/mL at week 192 . | The primary end point was proportion of patients with serum levels of HBV DNA < 69 IU/mL at week 192. |
RESULTS | The study population ( mean age was 33 years ; 89 % were Asian ) was predominantly infected with HBV genotypes B and C ( 93 % ) , 99 % were HBeAg positive with a mean baseline level of HBV DNA of 8.41 log10 IU/mL . | The study population (mean age was 33 years ; 89 % were Asian) was predominantly infected with HBV genotypes B and C (93 %), 99 % were HBeAg positive with a mean baseline level of HBV DNA of 8. 41 log10 IU/mL. |
RESULTS | At week 192 , 55 % of patients ( 35 of 64 ) in the TDF + placebo group and 76 % of patients ( 47 of 62 ) in the TDF + emtricitabine group had levels of HBV DNA < 69 IU/mL ( P = .016 ) . | At week 192, 55 % of patients (35 of 64) in the TDF + placebo group and 76 % of patients (47 of 62) in the TDF + emtricitabine group had levels of HBV DNA < 69 IU/mL (P =. 016). |
RESULTS | No patients were found to have viral resistance to therapy . | No patients were found to have viral resistance to therapy. |
RESULTS | HBeAg seroconversion occurred in 3 patients ( 5 % ) , all in the TDF + placebo group ; no patient had loss of hepatitis B surface antigen . | HBeAg seroconversion occurred in 3 patients (5 %), all in the TDF + placebo group ; no patient had loss of hepatitis B surface antigen. |
RESULTS | In multivariate analysis , female sex ( odds ratio = 7.05 ; P = .002 ) and TDF + emtricitabine treatment ( odds ratio = 3.9 ; P = .01 ) were associated with a favorable response . | In multivariate analysis, female sex (odds ratio = 7. 05 ; P =. 002) and TDF + emtricitabine treatment (odds ratio = 3. 9 ; P =. 01) were associated with a favorable response. |
RESULTS | Both regimens were well tolerated . | Both regimens were well tolerated. |
CONCLUSIONS | In HBeAg-positive patients with chronic HBV infection , high viral loads , normal levels of alanine aminotransferase , and therapy with the combination of TDF and emtricitabine provided better viral suppression than TDF alone , although rates of HBeAg seroconversion and hepatitis B surface antigen loss were low . | In HBeAg-positive patients with chronic HBV infection, high viral loads, normal levels of alanine aminotransferase, and therapy with the combination of TDF and emtricitabine provided better viral suppression than TDF alone, although rates of HBeAg seroconversion and hepatitis B surface antigen loss were low. |
BACKGROUND | This randomized , noncomparative , multicenter , clinical trial evaluated ixabepilone or mitoxantrone/prednisone ( MP ) as second-line chemotherapy for taxane-refractory , hormone-refractory , prostate cancer ( HRPC ) . | This randomized, noncomparative, multicenter, clinical trial evaluated ixabepilone or mitoxantrone/prednisone (MP) as second-line chemotherapy for taxane-refractory, hormone-refractory, prostate cancer (HRPC). |
METHODS | Patients with HRPC that progressed during or within 60 days of cessation of taxane chemotherapy were randomly selected with equal probability to ixabepilone 35 mg/m ( 2 ) intravenously every 3 weeks , or mitoxantrone 14 mg/m ( 2 ) intravenously every 3 weeks and prednisone 5 mg orally twice daily . | Patients with HRPC that progressed during or within 60 days of cessation of taxane chemotherapy were randomly selected with equal probability to ixabepilone 35 mg/m (2) intravenously every 3 weeks, or mitoxantrone 14 mg/m (2) intravenously every 3 weeks and prednisone 5 mg orally twice daily. |
METHODS | Treatment continued until progression or toxicity ; crossover was allowed . | Treatment continued until progression or toxicity ; crossover was allowed. |
RESULTS | Forty-one patients were accrued to each arm of the study . | Forty-one patients were accrued to each arm of the study. |
RESULTS | The median number of cycles administered for each arm was 3 . | The median number of cycles administered for each arm was 3. |
RESULTS | Median survival from protocol entry was 10.4 months with ixabepilone and 9.8 months with MP . | Median survival from protocol entry was 10. 4 months with ixabepilone and 9. 8 months with MP. |
RESULTS | Prostate-specific antigen ( PSA ) declines of > or = 50 % were observed in 17 % of ixabepilone ( 95 % CI , 7-32 ) and 20 % of second-line MP patients ( 95 % CI , 9-35 ) . | Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) declines of > or = 50 % were observed in 17 % of ixabepilone (95 % CI, 7-32) and 20 % of second-line MP patients (95 % CI, 9-35). |
RESULTS | Partial responses were observed in 1 of 24 ixabepilone and in 2 of 21 MP patients with evaluable measurable disease . | Partial responses were observed in 1 of 24 ixabepilone and in 2 of 21 MP patients with evaluable measurable disease. |
RESULTS | Median duration of second-line ixabepilone and MP treatment was 2.2 months and 2.3 months , respectively . | Median duration of second-line ixabepilone and MP treatment was 2. 2 months and 2. 3 months, respectively. |
RESULTS | For third-line crossover treatment , PSA declines of > or = 50 % were observed in 3 of 27 ixabepilone-treated and 4 of 15 MP-treated patients . | For third-line crossover treatment, PSA declines of > or = 50 % were observed in 3 of 27 ixabepilone-treated and 4 of 15 MP-treated patients. |
RESULTS | Prior taxane response was associated with an increased likelihood of second-line ixabepilone or MP response . | Prior taxane response was associated with an increased likelihood of second-line ixabepilone or MP response. |
RESULTS | Low baseline lactate dehydrogenase and absence of visceral metastases independently predicted improved survival . | Low baseline lactate dehydrogenase and absence of visceral metastases independently predicted improved survival. |
RESULTS | The most common grade 3/4 toxicity associated with second-line treatment was neutropenia ( 54 % of ixabepilone patients and 63 % of MP patients ) . | The most common grade 3/4 toxicity associated with second-line treatment was neutropenia (54 % of ixabepilone patients and 63 % of MP patients). |
CONCLUSIONS | Ixabepilone and MP had modest activity as second-line chemotherapy for docetaxel-refractory HRPC . | Ixabepilone and MP had modest activity as second-line chemotherapy for docetaxel-refractory HRPC. |
CONCLUSIONS | The median survival for the entire cohort treated in this study was 9.8 months . | The median survival for the entire cohort treated in this study was 9. 8 months. |
OBJECTIVE | the purpose of this clinical trial was to compare the clinical performance of a new composite resin using two different kind of light curing systems , one conventional and one turbo boosted in a split-mouth design , by using both systems for direct bonding of orthodontic stainless steel brackets in every patient . | the purpose of this clinical trial was to compare the clinical performance of a new composite resin using two different kind of light curing systems, one conventional and one turbo boosted in a split-mouth design, by using both systems for direct bonding of orthodontic stainless steel brackets in every patient. |
METHODS | fifty patients , 32 females and 18 males , of which 13 were adults ( > 18 years of age ) with fixed appliances were followed for a mean period of 12 months ( range 6-16 months ) . | fifty patients, 32 females and 18 males, of which 13 were adults (> 18 years of age) with fixed appliances were followed for a mean period of 12 months (range 6-16 months). |
METHODS | The performance of 1200 steel brackets was evaluated : 600 were bonded with a conventional light curing ( Kulzer light curing machine ) , curing every bracket for 20 seconds using Quick Cure Composite resin ( Reliance Orthodontics ) , 600 were bonded with a new curing light machine ( Reliance Ortho 2000 curing light with Power slot ) , curing every bracket for 6 seconds . | The performance of 1200 steel brackets was evaluated : 600 were bonded with a conventional light curing (Kulzer light curing machine), curing every bracket for 20 seconds using Quick Cure Composite resin (Reliance Orthodontics), 600 were bonded with a new curing light machine (Reliance Ortho 2000 curing light with Power slot), curing every bracket for 6 seconds. |
METHODS | Brackets were bonded both on permanent and on deciduous teeth , since many of these patients were growing patients . | Brackets were bonded both on permanent and on deciduous teeth, since many of these patients were growing patients. |
RESULTS | the conventional light curing recorded an overall failure rate ( 26 brackets - 4,3 % ) significantly higher ( p < 0.0360 ) than Power Slot light curing ( 13 brackets -2,3 % ) . | the conventional light curing recorded an overall failure rate (26 brackets - 4, 3 %) significantly higher (p < 0. 0360) than Power Slot light curing (13 brackets -2, 3 %). |
RESULTS | There were no statistically significant differences ( p > 0.07 ) between the failure rates in the upper and lower arches with either light curing systems and also in between anterior and posterior areas . | There were no statistically significant differences (p > 0. 07) between the failure rates in the upper and lower arches with either light curing systems and also in between anterior and posterior areas. |
RESULTS | A significant difference was evident , however , among the failure rate of upper total and lower total ( p < 0.0463 ) brackets bonded with both systems and was more evident in upper arches bonded with conventional curing system ( p < 0.0170 ) . | A significant difference was evident, however, among the failure rate of upper total and lower total (p < 0. 0463) brackets bonded with both systems and was more evident in upper arches bonded with conventional curing system (p < 0. 0170). |
RESULTS | It was evident also a higher failure rate in the upper arch compared to the lower arch bonded with conventional light ( p < 0.0269 ) . | It was evident also a higher failure rate in the upper arch compared to the lower arch bonded with conventional light (p < 0. 0269). |
CONCLUSIONS | the Power Slot light curing was more effective . | the Power Slot light curing was more effective. |
CONCLUSIONS | But both bonding systems failed mainly at the enamel-adhesive interface , without causing damage to the enamel . | But both bonding systems failed mainly at the enamel-adhesive interface, without causing damage to the enamel. |
OBJECTIVE | To investigate the effect of treatment of multiple myeloma ( MM ) - associated spinal fracture with percutaneous vertebroplasty ( PVP ) and chemotherapy . | To investigate the effect of treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) - associated spinal fracture with percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) and chemotherapy. |
METHODS | Patients with MM-associated spinal fracture were randomly divided into combined ( PVP and chemotherapy ) treatment group ( n = 38 ) and single chemotherapy group ( n = 38 ) . | Patients with MM-associated spinal fracture were randomly divided into combined (PVP and chemotherapy) treatment group (n = 38) and single chemotherapy group (n = 38). |
METHODS | For the combined treatment group , bone cement was injected into vertebral body via DSA guided-percutaneous puncture . | For the combined treatment group, bone cement was injected into vertebral body via DSA guided-percutaneous puncture. |
METHODS | M2 scheme was used for both groups . | M2 scheme was used for both groups. |
METHODS | And a 5-year follow-up was conducted for the study . | And a 5-year follow-up was conducted for the study. |
RESULTS | At the 1-year follow-up visits , PVP combined with chemotherapy achieved complete remission ( CR ) in six patients ( 15.8 % ) ; near complete remission ( nCR ) in ten patients ( 26.30 % ) ; partial remission ( PR ) in nine patients ( 23.7 % ) ; minimal response ( MR ) in three patients ( 7.9 % ) ; no change ( NC ) in four patients ( 10.5 % ) , and disease progression ( DP ) in five patients ( 13.2 % ) . | At the 1-year follow-up visits, PVP combined with chemotherapy achieved complete remission (CR) in six patients (15. 8 %) ; near complete remission (nCR) in ten patients (26. 30 %) ; partial remission (PR) in nine patients (23. 7 %) ; minimal response (MR) in three patients (7. 9 %) ; no change (NC) in four patients (10. 5 %), and disease progression (DP) in five patients (13. 2 %). |
RESULTS | Only chemotherapy alone resulted in 3 CR ( 7.9 % ) ; 8 nCR ( 26.30 % ) ; 19 PR ( 77.5 % ) ; 4 MR ( 17.5 % ) ; 4 NC ( 17.5 % ) , and 2 DP ( 5.0 % ) . | Only chemotherapy alone resulted in 3 CR (7. 9 %) ; 8 nCR (26. 30 %) ; 19 PR (77. 5 %) ; 4 MR (17. 5 %) ; 4 NC (17. 5 %), and 2 DP (5. 0 %). |
RESULTS | While the overall response rate ( ORR ) in the combined treatment group ( 65.8 % ) and the single chemotherapy group ( 50.0 % ) were significantly different , their visual analog pain scales ( 3.01 0.62 and 5.97 0.40 , respectively ) and Karnofsky performance scores ( 89.4 6.3 and 80.3 7.2 , respectively ) were significantly improved after treatment ( P = 0.032 and P = 0.002 , respectively ) . | While the overall response rate (ORR) in the combined treatment group (65. 8 %) and the single chemotherapy group (50. 0 %) were significantly different, their visual analog pain scales (3. 01 0. 62 and 5. 97 0. 40, respectively) and Karnofsky performance scores (89. 4 6. 3 and 80. 3 7. 2, respectively) were significantly improved after treatment (P = 0. 032 and P = 0. 002, respectively). |
RESULTS | And the ORR between the two groups were significantly different ( P = 0.001 ) . | And the ORR between the two groups were significantly different (P = 0. 001). |
CONCLUSIONS | Percutaneous vertebroplasty is a minimally invasive surgery for MM-associated pathologic fracture . | Percutaneous vertebroplasty is a minimally invasive surgery for MM-associated pathologic fracture. |
CONCLUSIONS | PVP had the characteristics of minimal trauma , easy operation and less complication . | PVP had the characteristics of minimal trauma, easy operation and less complication. |
CONCLUSIONS | PVP can achieve long-term analgesic effect , and enhance the spinal stability . | PVP can achieve long-term analgesic effect, and enhance the spinal stability. |
OBJECTIVE | To compare the efficacy and safety of acarbose plus metformin fixed-dose combination ( FDC ) versus acarbose monotherapy for type 2 diabetes ( T2D ) . | To compare the efficacy and safety of acarbose plus metformin fixed-dose combination (FDC) versus acarbose monotherapy for type 2 diabetes (T2D). |
METHODS | Eligible T2D patients undergoing treatment with diet control only or oral antidiabetic medications were run-in on acarbose 50mg thrice-daily for 4 weeks , then randomised either to continue this monotherapy , or to acarbose 50mg plus metformin hydrochloride 500mg FDC ( acarbose/metformin FDC ) , each thrice-daily for 16 weeks . | Eligible T2D patients undergoing treatment with diet control only or oral antidiabetic medications were run-in on acarbose 50mg thrice-daily for 4 weeks, then randomised either to continue this monotherapy, or to acarbose 50mg plus metformin hydrochloride 500mg FDC (acarbose/metformin FDC), each thrice-daily for 16 weeks. |
RESULTS | Acarbose/metformin FDC therapy significantly reduced HbA1c , fasting plasma glucose ( FPG ) , and postprandial plasma glucose ( PPG ) from baseline ( all p < 0.0001 ) with superior efficacy compared with acarbose monotherapy ( between-group differences ; HbA1c -1.35 % ; FPG -29.5 mg/dl ; PPG -41.6 mg/dl ; all p < 0.0001 ) . | Acarbose/metformin FDC therapy significantly reduced HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and postprandial plasma glucose (PPG) from baseline (all p < 0. 0001) with superior efficacy compared with acarbose monotherapy (between-group differences ; HbA1c -1. 35 % ; FPG -29. 5 mg/dl ; PPG -41. 6 mg/dl ; all p < 0. 0001). |
RESULTS | Proportionally more patients treated with acarbose/metformin FDC achieved HbA1c < 7.0 % ( 47.8 % vs. 10.7 % , p < 0.0001 ) . | Proportionally more patients treated with acarbose/metformin FDC achieved HbA1c < 7. 0 % (47. 8 % vs. 10. 7 %, p < 0. 0001). |
RESULTS | Both treatments reduced bodyweight ( p < 0.0001 ) , with a significant between-group difference ( -0.6 kg , p < 0.01 ) favouring acarbose/metformin FDC . | Both treatments reduced bodyweight (p < 0. 0001), with a significant between-group difference (-0. 6 kg, p < 0. 01) favouring acarbose/metformin FDC. |
RESULTS | Hypoglycaemia was not reported with either treatment , and the incidence of other adverse events did not differ significantly between the groups . | Hypoglycaemia was not reported with either treatment, and the incidence of other adverse events did not differ significantly between the groups. |
CONCLUSIONS | Compared with acarbose monotherapy , acarbose/metformin FDC has superior antihyperglycaemic efficacy , brings proportionally more T2D patients to HbA1c goal , and further reduces bodyweight . | Compared with acarbose monotherapy, acarbose/metformin FDC has superior antihyperglycaemic efficacy, brings proportionally more T2D patients to HbA1c goal, and further reduces bodyweight. |
CONCLUSIONS | Acarbose/metformin FDC is well-tolerated without significant risk of hypoglycaemia and is a potentially advantageous therapy for T2D . | Acarbose/metformin FDC is well-tolerated without significant risk of hypoglycaemia and is a potentially advantageous therapy for T2D. |
BACKGROUND | Screening of donor-specific antibodies or alloantibodies after kidney transplantation has not been performed routinely . | Screening of donor-specific antibodies or alloantibodies after kidney transplantation has not been performed routinely. |
BACKGROUND | The aim of this study was to evaluate the humoral antidonor and alloresponse of immunologically low-risk recipients of cadaveric renal allografts during the first posttransplant year . | The aim of this study was to evaluate the humoral antidonor and alloresponse of immunologically low-risk recipients of cadaveric renal allografts during the first posttransplant year. |
METHODS | Alloresponse against the donor was analyzed by means of T-cell immunoglobulin ( Ig ) G and IgM and B cell IgG flow cytometric crossmatch ( FCXM ) tests with sera from days 0 , 21 , 90 , and 365 posttransplant . | Alloresponse against the donor was analyzed by means of T-cell immunoglobulin (Ig) G and IgM and B cell IgG flow cytometric crossmatch (FCXM) tests with sera from days 0, 21, 90, and 365 posttransplant. |
METHODS | In addition , panel reactive anti-human leukocyte antigen ( HLA ) class I and class II antibodies ( PRA I and PRA II ) were analyzed using flow cytometric methods . | In addition, panel reactive anti-human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I and class II antibodies (PRA I and PRA II) were analyzed using flow cytometric methods. |
METHODS | The recipients were treated either with a low initial cyclosporine regimen with single-bolus antithymocyte globulin ( ATG ) or basiliximab induction or conventional cyclosporine triple therapy . | The recipients were treated either with a low initial cyclosporine regimen with single-bolus antithymocyte globulin (ATG) or basiliximab induction or conventional cyclosporine triple therapy. |
RESULTS | No significant posttransplant anti-HLA class I or class II sensitization was found in the recipients as a whole . | No significant posttransplant anti-HLA class I or class II sensitization was found in the recipients as a whole. |
RESULTS | Recipients receiving a single-bolus ATG showed significantly higher proportion of PRA I positivity in the day 21 sample compared with the other groups . | Recipients receiving a single-bolus ATG showed significantly higher proportion of PRA I positivity in the day 21 sample compared with the other groups. |
RESULTS | Flow cytometric donor-specific T - and B-cell IgG alloresponses remained low , but the proportion of T-cell IgM crossmatch-positive recipients increased during the study . | Flow cytometric donor-specific T - and B-cell IgG alloresponses remained low, but the proportion of T-cell IgM crossmatch-positive recipients increased during the study. |
RESULTS | Positive T-cell IgM FCXM was found to be associated with acute rejection episodes and cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) infections . | Positive T-cell IgM FCXM was found to be associated with acute rejection episodes and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections. |
CONCLUSIONS | In immunologically low-risk kidney-graft recipients , positive T-cell IgM FCXM at transplantation was found to be a risk factor for rejection episodes . | In immunologically low-risk kidney-graft recipients, positive T-cell IgM FCXM at transplantation was found to be a risk factor for rejection episodes. |
CONCLUSIONS | Conversion of T-cell IgM FCXM to positive was found to be associated with CMV infections . | Conversion of T-cell IgM FCXM to positive was found to be associated with CMV infections. |
BACKGROUND | Although low-dose aprotinin administered after cardiopulmonary bypass has been reported to reduce mediastinal blood loss and blood product requirements in patients not taking aspirin , it is unknown whether low-dose postoperative aprotinin has any beneficial effects in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass operations who are at high risk of excessive postoperative bleeding and increased transfusion requirements because of aspirin use until just before the operation . | Although low-dose aprotinin administered after cardiopulmonary bypass has been reported to reduce mediastinal blood loss and blood product requirements in patients not taking aspirin, it is unknown whether low-dose postoperative aprotinin has any beneficial effects in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass operations who are at high risk of excessive postoperative bleeding and increased transfusion requirements because of aspirin use until just before the operation. |
METHODS | Fifty-five patients undergoing primary coronary artery operations with cardiopulmonary bypass who continued taking aspirin ( 150 mg/d ) until the day before the operation were enrolled in a prospective , randomized , double-blind trial to receive a single dose of either placebo ( n = 29 ) or 2 x 10 ( 6 ) kallikrein inhibiting units of aprotinin ( n = 26 ) at the time of sternal skin closure . | Fifty-five patients undergoing primary coronary artery operations with cardiopulmonary bypass who continued taking aspirin (150 mg/d) until the day before the operation were enrolled in a prospective, randomized, double-blind trial to receive a single dose of either placebo (n = 29) or 2 x 10 (6) kallikrein inhibiting units of aprotinin (n = 26) at the time of sternal skin closure. |
RESULTS | Patients in the aprotinin group had a lower rate ( 28 + / - 18 vs 43 + / - 21 mL/h [ mean + / - standard deviation ] , P < .005 ) and total volume of mediastinal drainage ( 955 + / - 615 vs 1570 + / - 955 mL , P < .007 ) , as well as a shorter duration of mediastinal drain tube insertion ( 24.4 + / - 13.8 vs 31.3 + / - 16.5 hours , P < .05 ) . | Patients in the aprotinin group had a lower rate (28 + / - 18 vs 43 + / - 21 mL/h [mean + / - standard deviation], P <. 005) and total volume of mediastinal drainage (955 + / - 615 vs 1570 + / - 955 mL, P <. 007), as well as a shorter duration of mediastinal drain tube insertion (24. 4 + / - 13. 8 vs 31. 3 + / - 16. 5 hours, P <. 05). |
RESULTS | In addition , a smaller proportion of patients receiving aprotinin required a blood product ( 31 % vs 62 % , P = .03 ) , resulting in a reduction in the use of packed cells by 47 % ( P = .05 ) , platelets by 77 % ( P = .01 ) , fresh frozen plasma by 88 % ( P = .03 ) , and total blood products by 68 % ( P = .01 ) in this group . | In addition, a smaller proportion of patients receiving aprotinin required a blood product (31 % vs 62 %, P =. 03), resulting in a reduction in the use of packed cells by 47 % (P =. 05), platelets by 77 % (P =. 01), fresh frozen plasma by 88 % (P =. 03), and total blood products by 68 % (P =. 01) in this group. |
CONCLUSIONS | These results suggest that postoperative administration of low-dose aprotinin in patients taking aspirin until just before primary coronary artery operations with cardiopulmonary bypass not only reduces the rate and total amount of postoperative mediastinal blood loss but also lowers postoperative blood product use . | These results suggest that postoperative administration of low-dose aprotinin in patients taking aspirin until just before primary coronary artery operations with cardiopulmonary bypass not only reduces the rate and total amount of postoperative mediastinal blood loss but also lowers postoperative blood product use. |
OBJECTIVE | To explore the intestinal mucosal barrier protective effect of herbal medicine Compound Tongfu Granule ( CTG ) in patients with liver cirrhosis of decompensation stage . | To explore the intestinal mucosal barrier protective effect of herbal medicine Compound Tongfu Granule (CTG) in patients with liver cirrhosis of decompensation stage. |
METHODS | Fifty patients enrolled were randomly assigned to the control group ( 26 cases ) and the CTG group ( 24 cases ) , and 30 healthy adults were set up as normal control . | Fifty patients enrolled were randomly assigned to the control group (26 cases) and the CTG group (24 cases), and 30 healthy adults were set up as normal control. |
METHODS | After 2-week treatment , the intestinal permeability ( IP , represented by urinary lactulose/mannitol excretion rate ) , plasma endotoxin ( EDT ) level , and change of enteric bacteria ( EB ) in patients were observed before and after treatment , and compared with those in the normal control . | After 2-week treatment, the intestinal permeability (IP, represented by urinary lactulose/mannitol excretion rate), plasma endotoxin (EDT) level, and change of enteric bacteria (EB) in patients were observed before and after treatment, and compared with those in the normal control. |
RESULTS | Before treatment , cirrhotic patients showed significantly higher levels of IP , EDT , and intestinal bacilli , but a lower amount of enteric bifidobacteria as compared with those the normal control . | Before treatment, cirrhotic patients showed significantly higher levels of IP, EDT, and intestinal bacilli, but a lower amount of enteric bifidobacteria as compared with those the normal control. |
RESULTS | After 2-week treatment , levels of EDT and urinary excretion rate of lactulose in the CTG group were lowered more significantly than those in the control group ( P < 0.05 ) , while the amount of bifidobacteria in the CTG group increased accompanied with intestinal bacilli significantly lowered to near the levels in the normal control ( P < 0.05 , P < 0.01 ) . | After 2-week treatment, levels of EDT and urinary excretion rate of lactulose in the CTG group were lowered more significantly than those in the control group (P < 0. 05), while the amount of bifidobacteria in the CTG group increased accompanied with intestinal bacilli significantly lowered to near the levels in the normal control (P < 0. 05, P < 0. 01). |
CONCLUSIONS | CTG can improve the intestinal barrier function , correct the intestinal bacteria disturbance , and significantly reduce the entero-derived endotoxemia in cirrhotic patients of decompensation stage . | CTG can improve the intestinal barrier function, correct the intestinal bacteria disturbance, and significantly reduce the entero-derived endotoxemia in cirrhotic patients of decompensation stage. |
BACKGROUND | Traditional Chinese acupuncture ( TCA ) is an effective alternative treatment in migraine headache . | Traditional Chinese acupuncture (TCA) is an effective alternative treatment in migraine headache. |
BACKGROUND | The aim of this study was to compare the therapeutic effect of Yamamoto new scalp acupuncture ( YNSA ) , a recently developed microcupuncture system , with TCA for the prophylaxis and treatment of migraine headache . | The aim of this study was to compare the therapeutic effect of Yamamoto new scalp acupuncture (YNSA), a recently developed microcupuncture system, with TCA for the prophylaxis and treatment of migraine headache. |
METHODS | In a randomized clinical trial , 80 patients with migraine headache were assigned to receive YNSA or TCA . | In a randomized clinical trial, 80 patients with migraine headache were assigned to receive YNSA or TCA. |
METHODS | A pain visual analogue scale ( VAS ) and migraine therapy assessment questionnaire ( MTAQ ) were completed before treatment , after 6 and 18 sections of treatment , and 1 month after completion of therapy . | A pain visual analogue scale (VAS) and migraine therapy assessment questionnaire (MTAQ) were completed before treatment, after 6 and 18 sections of treatment, and 1 month after completion of therapy. |
RESULTS | All the recruited patients completed the study . | All the recruited patients completed the study. |
RESULTS | Baseline characteristics were similar between the two groups . | Baseline characteristics were similar between the two groups. |
RESULTS | Frequency and severity of migraine attacks , nausea , the need for rescue treatment , and work absence rate decreased similarly in both groups . | Frequency and severity of migraine attacks, nausea, the need for rescue treatment, and work absence rate decreased similarly in both groups. |
RESULTS | Recovery from headache and ability to continue daily activities 2 hours after medical treatment showed similar improvement in both groups ( p > 0.05 ) . | Recovery from headache and ability to continue daily activities 2 hours after medical treatment showed similar improvement in both groups (p > 0. 05). |