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PUBMED | Hepato-gastroenterology | 3804175 | Achalasia and other diseases associated with disorders of gastrointestinal motility. | The aetiology of achalasia is unknown, but it has been suggested that it is congenital in origin and associated with such disorders as infantile pyloric stenosis or Hirschsprung's disease. Another reported association has been with Hodgkin's disease. A survey of 126 patients with achalasia, and their first degree relatives was undertaken to record the prevalence of infantile pyloric stenosis, Hirschsprung's disease and Hodgkin's disease. The prevalence of motor neurone disease and diabetes, which can be associated with motility disorders of the oesophagus, were also recorded as a measure of the efficiency of the questionnaire. None of the 126 patients with achalasia suffered from pyloric stenosis, Hirschsprung's disease, Hodgkin's lymphoma or motor neurone disease. There was no increased frequency of these disorders amongst first degree relatives. There appears to be no common aetiology for aganglionic bowel disease, and no obvious association between Hodgkin's disease and achalasia. Diabetes is seen with the expected frequency amongst patients with achalasia and their relatives, indicating the adequacy of the questionnaire. | Mayberry J F JF; Atkinson M M | 1986-10-02 | pubmed24n0126.xml |
PUBMED | Hepato-gastroenterology | 3804178 | Autochthonous, acetoxymethylmethylnitrosamine-induced colorectal cancer in rats: a useful tool in selecting new active antineoplastic compounds? | Acetoxymethylmethylnitrosamine (AMMN)-induced autochthonous colorectal rat adenocarcinomas are an interesting model for the secondary evaluation of new antineoplastic compounds aimed at predicting clinical activity. These orthotopic tumors mimic the human situation closer than conventionally used transplanted systems with respect to their relatively slow growth, their genuine histology, their original tumor-host interaction and their low chemosensitivity to clinically used drugs. 4-Amino-N-(2' aminophenyl) benzamide, 4-Oxo-2-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-8-acetic acid, dichloro-bis(1-phenyl-1,3-butanedionato)titanium(IV) and diethoxy-bis(1-phenyl-1,3-butanedionato)titanium(IV) are four new agents, which have shown promising anticancer activity in this model, but which failed to show high activity in fast-growing transplanted systems. Clinical studies on these agents are highly warranted. A comparison of predicted and actual clinical anticancer activity will finally point to the appropriate means of drug selection. | Berger M R MR; Bischoff H H; Garzon F T FT; Schmähl D D | 1986-10-02 | pubmed24n0126.xml |
PUBMED | Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association | 3804122 | A 12-week study of BHA in the cynomolgus monkey. | Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) given by gavage to female cynomolgus monkeys on 5 days/wk for 84 days produced transient changes in selected serum chemistry and haematology parameters. Terminal observations revealed increased liver size, decreased hepatic monooxygenase activity and an increase in the mitotic index of the oesophageal epithelium. Several of these observations are similar to those reported for rodents also given BHA at or near the maximum tolerated dose. Gastroscopic evaluation of the stomach and oesophagus at monthly intervals and extensive gross and histopathological examination failed to reveal the proliferative effects seen in the forestomach of rats fed diets containing BHA. | Iverson F F; Truelove J J; Nera E E; Lok E E; Clayson D B DB; Wong J J | 1986-10-01 | pubmed24n0126.xml |
PUBMED | Hepato-gastroenterology | 3804180 | Prevalence of the hepatitis delta virus in Rumania. | Epidemiological data obtained to date show that the delta agent is spread all over the world. In Rumania hepatitis B virus infection is widespread and is associated with a high incidence of chronic liver disease. To determine the prevalence of delta infection, sera from 373 patients with chronic liver disease were tested for HBV markers; 228 were HBsAg positive. Anti-HD was present in 190 sera (83.33%), which reveals a very high incidence and shows a higher frequency of the active forms of the disease. However, in contrast to other studies, we found a high incidence of HDV infection in chronic persistent hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma. | Tapalaga D D; Forzani B B; Hele C C; Paravacini O O; Ponzetto A A; Theilmann L L | 1986-12-02 | pubmed24n0126.xml |
PUBMED | Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association | 3804120 | Effects of BHA and related phenols on the forestomach of rats. | To determine the pathogenesis of BHA-induced forestomach lesions, the nature and time course of the early lesions in the forestomach of Wistar rats were studied. The rats were given BHA at a dose level of 2% in a powdered diet or by oral intubation of 1 g BHA/kg body weight/day in arachis oil. The hyperplastic changes in the mucosa were visible 1 day after the second application. The localization was dependent on the mode of application. Dietary exposure yielded changes in the area of the limiting ridge; oral intubation of BHA produced lesions in the apex of the forestomach. In a subchronic 90-day feeding study in rats, no recognizable effect was observed when 0.125% BHA was incorporated into the diet as a solution in arachis oil. In reversibility studies, severe forestomach lesions observed after feeding 2% BHA for 6, 12 or 15 months regressed almost completely following withdrawal of the BHA for a period of 7 months. BHA induced similar forestomach damage in NMRI mice and Syrian golden hamsters, whereas guinea-pigs, a species having no forestomach, did not show comparable lesions. Substances with similar chemical structure were tested in short-term feeding studies (tert-butylhydroquinone, 4-methoxyphenol, 1,4-dimethoxybenzene, hydroquinone, 3-methoxyphenol, 2-methoxyphenol, anisole, p-cresol, phenol and BHT). Only 4-methoxyphenol strongly affected the forestomach mucosa in a manner similar to that associated with BHA. The methoxy group in the para position seems to be important for the hyperplasiogenic activity. | Altmann H J HJ; Grunow W W; Mohr U U; Richter-Reichhelm H B HB; Wester P W PW | 1986-10-01 | pubmed24n0126.xml |
PUBMED | Hepato-gastroenterology | 3804183 | Inhibitory effect of nifedipine on cholecystokinin-induced gallbladder contraction in man. | A prospective study was performed on seven male and eight female patients with normal hepatobiliary findings to investigate the effect of 20 mg nifedipine on cholecystokinin-induced gallbladder contraction. Each patient received 1 IDU (Ivy dog unit) cholecystokinin per kg body weight intravenously on two consecutive days, with additional administration of 20 mg nifedipine sublingually on the second day. Gallbladder volumes were assessed by ultrasonography over a period of 25 minutes. Cholecystokinin induced a maximal reduction in the mean initial volume of 56.8 +/- 3.6%. After nifedipine, this volume change was significantly reduced to 30.9 +/- 5.1% (p less than 0.001). Thus our data suggest for the first time that the calcium-channel-blocking agent nifedipine can have an effect on human gallbladder kinetics. | Schmidt G G; Börsch G G; Wegener M M; Bergbauer M M | 1986-12-02 | pubmed24n0126.xml |
PUBMED | Hepato-gastroenterology | 3804181 | Methimazole-associated cholestatic liver injury: case report and brief literature review. | The authors report a further case of methimazole-associated liver damage and present a brief review of eleven previous cases found in the literature. The main clinical features of this 58-year-old female patient were laboratory evidence of leucopenia and cholestasis, and biopsy features of fatty liver parenchyma degeneration with granulocytic portal infiltration and bile stasis, demonstrated 20 days after the initiation of antithyroid therapy with 20 mg methimazole daily. An immediate cholestatic liver reaction was also provoked by drug rechallenge, with spontaneous amelioration of signs and symptoms after drug discontinuation. | Schmidt G G; Börsch G G; Müller K M KM; Wegener M M | 1986-12-02 | pubmed24n0126.xml |
PUBMED | Hepato-gastroenterology | 3804182 | Serum isoamylases in liver diseases. | Total serum amylase and its pancreatic and salivary isoamylase activities were studied in serum from 30 normal volunteers and 30 patients with liver disease. Isoenzyme analysis was performed by inhibitor assay and electrophoretic techniques. Six out of 30 patients had total serum amylase activities which exceeded the mean +/- 2 SD value for normal volunteers. The prominent type of isoenzyme was the pancreatic, except for patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. There was no evidence of any other type of isoenzyme by the electrophoretic method, nor was there an age-dependent isoamylase distribution. | Tsianos E B EB; Jalali M T MT; Gowenlock A H AH; Braganza J M JM | 1986-12-02 | pubmed24n0126.xml |
PUBMED | Hepato-gastroenterology | 3804187 | Antral mucosa heterotopy in the duodenal bulb. | A case of heterotopic antral mucosa presenting as a typical gastric fold, located in the duodenal bulb, is described. Heterotopic gastric mucosa consisting mainly of fundic-type epithelium is commonly found in the gastrointestinal tract and predominantly in the cervical esophagus and the duodenal bulb. Heterotopic gastric mucosa composed of antral-type epithelium, especially of the size described here, is an extremely rare condition. A knowledge of these lesions is clinically relevant in the differential diagnosis at endoscopy of the upper tract. | Bayerdörffer E E; Voeth C C; Ottenjann R R | 1986-12-02 | pubmed24n0126.xml |
PUBMED | Hepato-gastroenterology | 3804184 | Effect of nifedipine on gastric acid secretion and gastrin release in man. | The role of nifedipine in inducing the blockage of calcium slow channels in the smooth muscle cell of the esophagus is well known. The aim of our study was to evaluate the action nifedipine exerts upon acid secretion and gastrin release stimulated by intragastric titration with a peptone meal (pH 5.5) in 7 healthy adult males. Percentage gastrin variations were constantly lower after oral administration of 20 mg nifedipine than with placebo. However, IGO values were shown to be not significantly different (9.3 +/- 1.8 vs 8.4 +/- 2.1 ng. min/ml). No variations in acid output were observed throughout the entire examination period (120 min). In our experience, therefore, nifedipine - under experimental conditions - proved unable to interfere with gastric secretion, probably due to the absence of specific receptors on the parietal and antral cell. | Lazzaroni M M; Petrillo M M; Sangaletti O O; Bianchi Porro G G | 1986-12-02 | pubmed24n0126.xml |
PUBMED | Hepato-gastroenterology | 3804186 | The role of prostaglandin E2 in duodenal mucosa of healthy subjects and duodenal ulcer patients. | The distribution of the mucosal PGE2-generating capacity was bioassayed in the duodenum of 17 patients with duodenal ulcer (age range 20-58 years), and in 17 subjects (age range 21-57 years) who did not suffer from this disease. The age of the subjects within both groups was precisely matched in pairs. In contrast to the "young" controls or the "young" patients (under 37) or the "old" patients (over 37) the "old" control group of subjects showed an age-dependent increase in the mucosal PGE2 generation. It is concluded that with increasing age the mucosal PGE2 plays an increasingly important role in the protection against duodenal ulcers. | Basista M M; Bednarz S S; Rembiasz K K; Grodzińska L L; Kostka-Trabka E E | 1986-12-02 | pubmed24n0126.xml |
PUBMED | Hepato-gastroenterology | 3804185 | Effects of low dose omeprazole on gastric secretion and plasma gastrin in patients with healed duodenal ulcer. | The effects of seven days' treatment with omeprazole 5 and 10 mg daily on 24 hours gastric secretion and plasma gastrin concentrations were studied in a randomised double-blinded placebo-controlled study of six male patients with healed duodenal ulcer. Omeprazole 5 mg daily reduced mean daytime and nocturnal intragastric acidity by 31.4 and 40.1%, respectively. Omeprazole 10 mg per day produced very similar reductions of 33.6 and 42.0%, respectively. Total nocturnal acid output was reduced by 63.9% and 63.2%, respectively, by omeprazole 5 and 10 mg daily. There was a large degree of inter-subject variability in response to these low doses of omeprazole. Consequently, neither dose showed a statistically significant antisecretory effect when compared with placebo. Neither dose of omeprazole significantly affected fasting levels of gastrin, but omeprazole 10 mg daily produced a significant (P less than 0.05) increase in the integrated gastrin response to a meal. The lack of consistent antisecretory effect to low dose omeprazole is in accord with previous studies. This suggests that doses of 20 mg per day or greater are required to produce a consistent effect on acid secretion. | Howden C W CW; Derodra J K JK; Burget D W DW; Hunt R H RH | 1986-12-02 | pubmed24n0126.xml |
PUBMED | Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association | 3804124 | Six-month toxicity study of butylated hydroxyanisole in beagle dogs. | Groups of three or four male and female beagle dogs were maintained for 6 months on diets containing BHA at concentrations of 0 (control group), 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0% (w/w). The average daily intake of BHA was about 60 mg/kg body weight in the 0.25% group, 110 mg/kg in the 0.5% group and 220 mg/kg in the 1.0% group. All animals survived the entire experimental period without showing signs of toxicity other than a dose-related retardation of growth. Serum biochemical examinations conducted at 1, 3 and 6 months revealed a slight decrease in albumin concentration and an elevation of alkaline phosphatase and leucine aminopeptidase activity in the higher dose groups. Histopathological and histometrical examination showed no evidence of mucosal alteration in the stomach, oesophagus or duodenum attributable to the administration of BHA. The mitotic index in the squamous epithelium of the distal oesophagus was comparable in the control and BHA-treated groups. Liver weights were increased in BHA-treated groups, but there were no related histopathological changes. From these data it is concluded that feeding of BHA-supplemented diets at palatable concentrations for 6 months has no pathological effects on the stomach, oesophagus, duodenum or liver of beagle dogs. | Tobe M M; Furuya T T; Kawasaki Y Y; Naito K K; Sekita K K; Matsumoto K K; Ochiai T T; Usui A A; Kokubo T T; Kanno J J | 1986-10-01 | pubmed24n0126.xml |
PUBMED | Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) | 3804189 | Cerebral CT scan abnormalities in cholestatic and hepatocellular disease and their relationship to neuropsychologic test performance. | Forty-nine nonalcoholic cirrhotic patients, on whom cranial CT scans were available, were administered a battery of neuropsychological tests. Although none of the subjects exhibited clinical signs or symptoms of hepatic encephalopathy, quantification of the CT scan image implicated cerebral edema and cortical atrophy. In addition numerous significant correlations were observed between the CT variables and neuropsychological test performance. The findings are conjectured to reflect previously unrecognized cerebral morphologic changes associated with chronic subclinical portal-systemic encephalopathy. | Bernthal P P; Hays A A; Tarter R E RE; Van Thiel D D; Lecky J J; Hegedus A A | 1987-01-01 | pubmed24n0126.xml |
PUBMED | Hospital & community psychiatry | 3804222 | The child as a witness. | The increasing participation of children in judicial proceedings raises two central issues: the competency of the child as a witness and the effects on the child of testifying about a traumatic experience. After discussing these issues, the authors present the recommendations of forensic child psychiatrists on how to improve the judicial process to elicit more accurate testimony from child witnesses--for example, by videotaping a child's testimony to avoid repeated interrogations, using anatomically correct dolls and pictures to allow the child to recount events through displacement, and using one skilled interviewer throughout the proceeding to allow rapport to develop between interviewer and child. They then discuss the role of the child psychiatrist in court proceedings involving child witnesses. | Benedek E P EP; Schetky D H DH | 1986-12-02 | pubmed24n0126.xml |
PUBMED | Hospital & community psychiatry | 3804223 | A longitudinal account of staff adaptation to AIDS patients on a psychiatric unit. | As more patients with AIDS and AIDS-related syndromes are admitted to psychiatric units, staffs must meet new diagnostic and therapeutic challenges while adapting to the unique stresses of treating these patients. The authors discuss several case vignettes to illustrate how the staff of a voluntary acute-stay psychiatric unit progressed over a two-year period from having difficulty treating AIDS patients within the usual therapeutic milieu to directly confronting the issues raised by the disease both among themselves and in the patient community. The authors believe that the staff's ability to cope with AIDS patients may have strongly influenced the patient community's ability to cope, and that clinical experience and educational programs were major contributors to the staff's adaptation. They conclude with several recommendations for psychiatric staffs beginning to treat AIDS patients. | Amchin J J; Polan H J HJ | 1986-12-02 | pubmed24n0126.xml |
PUBMED | Hospital & community psychiatry | 3804225 | Continuous treatment teams in the care of the chronic mentally ill. | Since deinstitutionalization began, the model of service delivery for the chronic mentally ill has been characterized first by the mere availability of services and then by continuity of care as coordinated through the case manager system. However, there is increasing evidence that the continuity of care model has neglected an element crucial to its success--continuity of caregivers. Continuity of caregivers means that a single, continuous treatment team is responsible for patients in both inpatient and outpatient settings. The author discusses several programs that have successfully used continuous treatment teams, the theoretical considerations supporting use of the teams, and the problems be encountered after trying to implement such teams at a public psychiatric hospital in Washington, D.C. | Torrey E F EF | 1986-12-02 | pubmed24n0126.xml |
PUBMED | Hospital & community psychiatry | 3804224 | Patient housing options as viewed by parents of the mentally ill. Housing Committee, California Alliance for the Mentally Ill. | The housing committee of the California Alliance for the Mentally Ill, an organization of parents of mentally ill adults, surveyed 350 members on the housing needs of their sons and daughters. The parents reported that their offspring had a high degree of residential instability, and parents expressed the need for wider choices in housing options and more vocational and rehabilitation programs. Parents reported that patients were most satisfied with living at home or in semi-independent living situations and least satisfied with living on the streets or in state hospitals. | Castaneda D D; Sommer R R | 1986-12-02 | pubmed24n0126.xml |
PUBMED | Hospital & community psychiatry | 3804226 | A survey of psychiatrists' practices related to the use of tricyclic antidepressants. | Four groups of psychiatrists were surveyed about their clinical practices in relation to the use of tricyclic antidepressants to determine if there is any unanimity about procedures. The four groups were U.S. experts in the pharmacotherapy of depression, faculty who taught the pharmacotherapy of depression in accredited departments of psychiatry, general psychiatrists in Virginia who treated depressions with drugs, and non-U.S. experts. The authors report on practices related to dosage buildup, side effects, concurrent medical conditions, blood level information, and maintenance on tricyclics. They found moderate to high consensus on most issues; exceptions were treatment of a patient with chronic hypertension and maintenance dosage and duration. | Goldberg S C SC; Tilley D H DH; Friedel R O RO; Hamer R M RM; Ban T A TA | 1986-12-02 | pubmed24n0126.xml |
PUBMED | Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) | 3804191 | Compensated cirrhosis: natural history and prognostic factors. | To investigate the natural history of compensated cirrhosis, 293 consecutive patients without previous major complications using clinical, biochemical and histological data obtained at diagnosis disclosed seven factors that predicted prognosis: serum bilirubin; serum gamma-globulin concentration; hepatic stigmata; prothrombin time; sex; age, and alkaline phosphatase. According to the contribution of each one of these factors to the final model, a prognostic index was constructed that allows calculation of the estimated survival probability. The predicting value of this index was validated by a split sample testing technique. | Ginés P P; Quintero E E; Arroyo V V; Terés J J; Bruguera M M; Rimola A A; Caballería J J; Rodés J J; Rozman C C | 1987-01-01 | pubmed24n0126.xml |
PUBMED | Hospital & community psychiatry | 3804227 | Shifting competency during hospitalization: a model for informed consent decisions. | The demonstration of factual understanding should be sought when determining a patient's ability to give informed consent, but a patient's failure to demonstrate understanding should not always be equated with an inability to competently consent to or refuse treatment. The authors demonstrate the clinical use of a number of standards other than factual understanding. Judgments about competency are derived both from the patient's clinical condition and the risks and benefits inherent in the decision the patient is asked to make. Since both of these conditions may shift during the course of treatment, clinical competency is subject to continual reassessment using a variety of competency standards. The authors demonstrate the use of their model of shifting competency at five junctures in the treatment of a delusional patient. | Schwartz H I HI; Blank K K | 1986-12-02 | pubmed24n0126.xml |
PUBMED | Hospital & community psychiatry | 3804236 | Capitation payment and mental health care: a review of the opportunities and risks. | Capitation as a method of health care reimbursement has grown dramatically during the past two decades and may have a marked impact on funding for mental health services in coming years. The author defines capitation within the context of various health care reimbursement approaches, presents arguments for and against capitation, reviews the record of capitation for general medical care, and discusses proposals for capitation systems for high-risk patient groups. The potential benefits and risks of capitating mental health services for the general population and for high-risk groups are explored, and initial activities to develop a capitation system for chronic patients in two New York counties are described. | Lehman A F AF | 1987-01-02 | pubmed24n0126.xml |
PUBMED | Hospital & community psychiatry | 3804237 | Guidelines for short-term inpatient psychotherapy. | The authors propose guidelines for conducting psychotherapy in short-term general hospitals. They divide short-term psychiatric hospitalization into three phases, each of which presents different therapeutic tasks and calls for different therapeutic interventions and techniques. In phase one, when the patient is typically most distressed, the therapist and the patient must establish a therapeutic alliance and agree on the goals of therapy, a treatment contract, and limits on acting-out behavior. In phase two, the period of greatest comfort for the patient, the therapist must encourage the patient to focus on his goals while keeping the issue of discharge in the forefront of therapy. In phase three, the therapist helps the patient cope with separation issues that arise as he prepares for discharge. | Leibenluft E E; Goldberg R L RL | 1987-01-02 | pubmed24n0126.xml |
PUBMED | Hospital & community psychiatry | 3804238 | The prosecution of psychiatric patients for assaults on staff: a preliminary empirical study. | A survey of five public hospitals yielded nine cases in which staff pressed charges against patients who assaulted them. Examining the effects of prosecution on the patients, the legal system, and the staff, the authors found that two patients benefited, three showed little or no change, and four were lost to follow-up. The legal system was responsive to the request to prosecute, although sometimes reluctantly, in six cases, but uncooperative in the rest. In five of the cases, staff were satisfied with the outcome of the legal intervention, even though it benefited only two of those patients. Among the authors' recommendations for dealing with assaults are to use appropriate clinical measures first, address any systems problems that an assault suggests, and, because prosecution may alienate patients from the treatment system, obtain consultation from a psychiatrist outside the patient's care system before proceeding. | Hoge S K SK; Gutheil T G TG | 1987-01-02 | pubmed24n0126.xml |
PUBMED | Hospital & community psychiatry | 3804239 | Factors affecting the decision to prosecute mental patients for criminal behavior. | Several authors have argued that under certain circumstances it is both necessary and therapeutic to bring criminal charges against psychiatric patients who have committed assaults or manifested other criminal behavior. Others have argued that prosecution may impair therapeutic alliances and may lead to increased litigation by patients. In this paper the authors present four cases in which patients in the public mental health system were prosecuted, and they discuss factors that affect the decision to pursue prosecution. They argue that both clinicians and legal professionals need specific training to help them recognize the differences between behavior that a patient's illness prevents him from controlling and impulsive behavior, stemming from character pathology, that can appropriately be addressed by criminal sanctions. | Miller R D RD; Maier G J GJ | 1987-01-02 | pubmed24n0126.xml |
PUBMED | Hospital & community psychiatry | 3804240 | Social network density and rehospitalization among young adult patients. | The authors interviewed 30 patients under age 40 who had been hospitalized repeatedly to determine the relationship between social network density, or the extent to which network members know one another, and rehospitalization. They found that moderate levels of network density were associated with fewer days in the hospital. Time spent in the hospital was not related to network size, and patient diagnosis was not a good predictor of hospitalization. The authors hypothesize that a moderately dense network is optimal for psychologically vulnerable individuals because it can be maintained under stress. | Dozier M M; Harris M M; Bergman H H | 1987-01-02 | pubmed24n0126.xml |
PUBMED | Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) | 3804190 | Predictive value of random sample urine bile acids corrected by creatinine in liver disease. | Bile acids, in a random sample of urine, discriminated normal controls from liver disease, with a probability similar to fasting plasma bile acids (p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.001, depending on the analytical technique). A high degree of correlation between urinary and plasma bile acids (up to r = 0.93) was achieved only when the urine flow was corrected by using a urinary bile acids/creatinine ratio but not with urinary bile acids as simple volume concentration. These findings originated from 10 patients with severe liver disease and 10 with mild liver disease, all biopsy-confirmed, compared with controls. In 24 normal controls and 24 histologically confirmed compensated liver disease, the predictive value of urinary bile acids/creatinine equaled or exceeded fasting plasma bile acids and routine liver tests. In a patient recovering from subacute hepatic necrosis, the urinary bile acids/creatinine closely resembled changes in plasma bile acids and in the routine liver tests. When sulfated urinary bile acids were included, the discrimination between liver disease and controls did not improve. Gallbladder contraction induced by parenteral analogs of cholecystokinin did not change urinary bile acids/creatinine, despite a significant increase in the plasma bile acids. Collection of fasting urine is thus not necessary. Urinary bile acids/creatinine in 12 subjects with renal insufficiency and moderate impairment of creatinine clearance was not different from controls. The weight/height index did not affect this urinary test: there was no significant correlation between the two. Available radioimmunoassays for plasma bile acids can be easily adapted for urine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS). | Simko V V; Michael S S; Kelley R E RE | 1987-01-01 | pubmed24n0126.xml |
PUBMED | Hospital & community psychiatry | 3804241 | Changing mental health services in Madrid: international issues. | With the backing of a socialist government that came to power in 1982, mental health services in Spain are shifting away from institutional and custodial care toward community-based services. Provincial governments now control most mental health programs as a result of a law passed in 1983. In Madrid, mental health service priorities include preventing psychiatric hospitalization, developing a range of residential facilities, reducing the population of chronic patients in hospitals, and improving the quality of hospital care. A network of 20 health promotion centers is being developed to serve newly identified patients, while long-stay hospital patients who can be discharged will become the responsibility of social services. From an international perspective, the most interesting aspect of the Spanish transformation is how the country will deal with the problems other nations have encountered in implementing systems reforms. | Dowell D A DA; Poveda de Augustin J M JM; Lowenthal A A | 1987-01-02 | pubmed24n0126.xml |
PUBMED | Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) | 3804193 | Low bone turnover state in primary biliary cirrhosis. | To determine whether bone loss in patients with chronic cholestatic liver disease is the consequence of a high or low bone turnover state, 30 female patients with biopsy-proven primary biliary cirrhosis underwent iliac crest biopsy following double tetracycline labeling. The mean trabecular bone volume was decreased as a result of trabecular plate thinning in both the premenopausal (p less than 0.02) and postmenopausal (p less than 0.05) patients, compared to age- and sex-matched controls. Indications that osteoblastic function was impaired included a significantly lower mean wall thickness (p less than 0.01) and mean osteoid seam width (p less than 0.05), and this in association with a decreased mineral appositional rate and prolonged mineralization lag time was suggestive of a defect in matrix synthesis. Further evidence of impaired osteoblastic activity was the significantly lower bone formation rate at both tissue (p less than 0.001) and basic multicellular unit levels (p less than 0.05) in the postmenopausal patients. Total resorption surfaces and fasting urinary calcium/creatinine ratios were significantly increased (p less than 0.005 and 0.05, respectively) in the premenopausal patients and mean interstitial bone thickness reduced in both pre- and postmenopausal patients, suggesting that increased resorption may also contribute to bone loss in primary biliary cirrhosis. | Stellon A J AJ; Webb A A; Compston J J; Williams R R | 1987-01-01 | pubmed24n0126.xml |
PUBMED | Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) | 3804212 | Glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans induce gap junction expression and restore transcription of tissue-specific mRNAs in primary liver cultures. | Normal rat hepatocytes maintained on tissue culture plastic and in serum-supplemented medium lose their gap junctions within 12 hr and expression of their tissue-specific functions within 24 to 72 hr. The gap junctions are lost via internalization and degradation, and the differentiated functions due to loss of synthesis and to rapid degradation of tissue-specific mRNAs. Near normal levels of tissue-specific mRNAs can be achieved by stabilization of the mRNAs but not by transcription (for most genes), if the cells are cultured in a serum-free, hormonally defined medium and on substrata of tissue culture plastic, fibronectin or laminin, or on various purified collagens. The hormonally defined medium also extends the life-span of the gap junctions to about 24 hr. Certain glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans and anionic polysaccharides have proven to be potent inducers of gap junction expression and function, to increase abundance of tissue-specific mRNAs, and to lower abundance of common gene mRNAs, a level of gap junctions and a pattern of gene expression similar to that in vivo. Addition to the hormonally defined medium of 10 micrograms per ml of hyaluronates, dermatan sulfates, bovine lung heparan sulfate, chondroitin 4-sulfate or chondroitin 6-sulfate resulted in a weak response in induction of gap junctions (5 to 15% of the cells became dye and electrically coupled) and in gene expression. An intermediate response in gap junction expression (30 to 50% coupled cells) and in gene expression was observed with 50 to 100 micrograms per ml of heparins or hyaluronates.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS). | Fujita M M; Spray D C DC; Choi H H; Saez J C JC; Watanabe T T; Rosenberg L C LC; Hertzberg E L EL; Reid L M LM | 1987-01-01 | pubmed24n0126.xml |
PUBMED | Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) | 3804209 | Metabolic state of the rat liver with ethanol: comparison of in vivo 31phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy with freeze clamp assessment. | In vivo 31phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to measure the hepatic metabolic state in various groups of rats given ethanol, a control liquid diet or a solid chow diet. The use of selective presaturation pulses applied to the broad phosphorus resonances of immobile phospholipids permitted reliable determination of ATP/ADP ratios by quantitation of the ATP-beta and ATP-gamma peak areas. ATP/ADP ratios were depressed by both techniques in rats chronically ingesting ethanol compared to pair-fed animals consuming the control liquid diet. These differences were observed regardless of whether ethanol feeding was continued up to the time of investigation or whether it was discontinued for 24 hr prior to study. Acute alcohol administration in chow-fed rats, not previously ingesting ethanol, did not lower hepatic ATP/ADP ratios by either methodology. In all cases, liver ATP/ADP ratios assessed by 31phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were higher than those measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. However, parallel decreases in hepatic ATP/ADP ratios were observed with chronic ethanol consumption by both 31phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and the biochemical method, confirming the utility of in vivo 31phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for assessment of the hepatic bioenergetic status. The difference in absolute ATP/ADP ratios by the two methods may to some degree be explained by binding effects of ADP with proteins or mitochondrial membranes, rendering it partially invisible to nuclear magnetic resonance or alternatively, by breakdown of high energy phosphate bonds with freeze clamp extraction. | Helzberg J H JH; Brown M S MS; Smith D J DJ; Gore J C JC; Gordon E R ER | 1987-01-01 | pubmed24n0126.xml |
PUBMED | Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) | 3804202 | Effects of adenine arabinoside on serum and intrahepatic replicative forms of duck hepatitis B virus in chronic infection. | Adenine arabinoside is an antiviral agent which has been used in a number of clinical studies for the treatment of chronic infections with hepatitis B virus. In order to better understand its effects and mode of action, we treated ducks chronically infected with duck hepatitis B virus with a 2-week course and monitored the effects of the drug on viral replication by studying duck hepatitis B virus DNA in liver and serum using molecular biological techniques. We found the drug to be effective in ducks only at much higher doses than those used in humans. At high doses, adenine arabinoside had a dose-related inhibitory effect on viral replication during treatment, but there was a rapid return toward baseline values soon after the cessation of treatment. The supercoiled form of viral DNA was found to be most resistant to adenine arabinoside therapy, and the drug had a disproportionate inhibitory effect on viral plus (noncoding) strand synthesis. We conclude that adenine arabinoside likely exerts its effect in hepadna virus infections predominantly through inhibition of viral DNA polymerase. On the basis of our current study and previous trials in hepatitis B virus-infected patients, we predict that adenine arabinoside will not efficiently eliminate viral replication in chronic hepadna virus infection, when used as the sole therapeutic modality. Adenine arabinoside may have a role to play as an adjunct to immunomodulation or interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis B virus infection in man. | Hirota K K; Sherker A H AH; Omata M M; Yokosuka O O; Okuda K K | 1987-01-01 | pubmed24n0126.xml |
PUBMED | Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) | 3804192 | Reactivities and clinical relevance of antimitochondrial antibodies to four mitochondrial inner membrane proteins in sera of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. | Antimitochondrial antibodies are characteristically detected in sera of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. The antigens to which the antimitochondrial antibodies in primary biliary cirrhosis sera react have been located in the mitochondrial inner membrane. We have reported on four mitochondrial inner membrane proteins, extracted from beef heart, which reacted with antimitochondrial antibodies of primary biliary cirrhosis. These four proteins had molecular weights of 70, 54, 51 and 45 kd. Forty-six of the 50 PBC sera tested were positive with rat kidney and stomach specimens by the indirect immunofluorescent method. All sera of 50 primary biliary cirrhosis patients were positive with at least one and as many as four of the mitochondrial proteins extracted from beef heart using immunoblotting. Forty-seven primary biliary cirrhosis sera (94%) had IgG antibodies (antimitochondrial antibodies) to the antigen proteins, 43 patients (86%) IgM antimitochondrial antibodies and 38 patients (76%) IgA antimitochondrial antibodies. Seventy per cent of patients had antimitochondrial antibodies in all three immunoglobulin classes. In a few primary biliary cirrhosis sera, antimitochondrial antibodies were represented by only one class of immunoglobulin. The major antigenic proteins of mitochondrial inner membrane to which the antimitochondrial antibodies react were the 70 and 51 kd proteins. All primary biliary cirrhosis sera containing antibodies to the 54 and/or 45 kd proteins reacted with 70 kd as well. Patients with an elevation of serum bilirubin over 2 mg per dl were often found to produce antimitochondrial antibodies reactive with the 54 kd in addition to the 70 kd protein. No significant association was found between histological classifications and reactive patterns of antimitochondrial antibodies. | Ishii H H; Saifuku K K; Namihisa T T | 1987-01-01 | pubmed24n0126.xml |
PUBMED | Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) | 3804213 | Development of molecular hybridization technology to evaluate albumin and procollagen mRNA content in baboons and man. | We have developed the methodology for evaluating the effects of pathophysiological conditions on the molecular mechanisms of hepatic protein synthesis and fibrogenesis in baboons and man. Total RNA was extracted from percutaneous liver biopsies of five baboons who were chronically fed an ethanol-rich liquid diet, their pair-fed controls and from humans with a variety of liver abnormalities. Chronic alcohol administration in baboons with liver fibrosis and normal serum albumin levels increased in vitro protein synthesis as measured bymethionine incorporation, albumin mRNA content and Type I procollagen mRNA content. There was no difference in the beta-actin (a constitutive protein) mRNA content. In humans, serum albumin levels correlated with albumin mRNA content as indicated by the intensity of dot blot hybridization and Type I procollagen mRNA levels correlated with the activity of liver fibrosis. The use of RNA-DNA hybridization to investigate procollagen mRNA from human biopsies appears to be a valuable tool for evaluating the potential for collagen synthesis and the future course of liver disease. Besides the use of RNA-DNA hybridization, we describe other methodologies which are useful in delineating the levels of gene expression responsible for hepatic mRNA regulation in normal liver and disease states in man. The use of molecular techniques to evaluate human liver disease provides an opportunity to develop clinically relevant information while at the same time offering the additional advantage of providing fundamental knowledge about fibrogenesis. | Weiner F R FR; Czaja M J MJ; Giambrone M A MA; Wu C H CH; Wu G Y GY; Zern M A MA | 1987-01-01 | pubmed24n0126.xml |
PUBMED | Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) | 3804188 | Purification and physical-chemical characterization of hepatic stimulator substance. | Hepatic stimulator substance is a liver growth stimulator derived from the hepatocyte cytosol of weanling or regenerating adult rat livers. The present paper reports the almost 9,000-fold purification of hepatic stimulator substance with an approximately 100,000-fold increase in specific growth stimulator activity. Purification steps included heating at 95 degrees C for 15 min, 40% cold ethanol precipitation, passage over Procion Red HE3B, DEAE cellulose and Sephadex G75 columns and gel filtration and reverse-phase fast protein liquid chromatography techniques. As little as 27 ng per ml of the purest material produced a 2-fold stimulation in the standard HTC cell activity assay. Further studies indicate that hepatic stimulator substance is a highly negatively charged protein and that disulfide bonds or a complex tertiary structure are not essential to its activity. Hepatic stimulator substance is stable over a wide range of pH's and temperatures. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with silver stain revealed 1 major band at 12,400 daltons and 1 minor band at 17,500 daltons. | LaBrecque D R DR; Steele G G; Fogerty S S; Wilson M M; Barton J J | 1987-01-01 | pubmed24n0126.xml |
PUBMED | Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) | 3804203 | Occurrence and ultrastructural localization of duck hepatitis B virus in the liver of ducks after experimental infection. | A sequential study was performed to investigate the occurrence and localization of duck hepatitis B virus in the liver of domestic ducks utilizing the indirect immunoperoxidase method and electron microscopy. Seventeen ducklings were injected intravenously with duck hepatitis B virus-positive serum within 24 hr after hatching and were subsequently sacrificed on the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 27th and 44th day after injection. Nine ducklings were not injected and were used as a negative control. Duck hepatitis B virus DNA by spot hybridization using a-labeled probe occurred in trace amounts on the 2nd day and in large amounts on the 4th day after inoculation. Immunoreactivity for DHBV was seen in the hepatocytes, sporadically on the 2nd day and diffusely on the 4th day, and also in the biliary epithelial cells on the 27th day. Both kinds of cells revealed staining in the cytoplasm but not in the nucleus. Virus particles were recognized by electron microscopy in the hepatocytes beginning on the 4th day. The hepatocytes had many incomplete virus particles, 40 to 61 nm in diameter, and a few complete virus particles, 40 nm in diameter, in the cisternae of the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticula. Such particles and the endoplasmic reticulum showed reaction products for duck hepatitis B virus by immunoelectron microscopy. There were clusters of core particles, 27 nm in diameter, in the hyaloplasm around peroxisomes where an assembly of cores appeared to occur. No conspicuous virus particles were recognized in the biliary epithelial cells. The similarities and differences in virus localization between duck hepatitis B virus and hepatitis B virus are discussed. | Uchida T T; Suzuki K K; Esumi M M; Arii M M; Oomura M M; Shikata T T | 1987-01-01 | pubmed24n0126.xml |
PUBMED | Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) | 3804206 | The effect of changes in the fluid state of rat liver plasma membrane on the transport of taurocholate. | The fluidity of basolateral and canalicular rat liver plasma membranes was compared with respect to their response to the membrane perturbants ethanol and calcium. The relation between membrane fluidity and taurocholate transport, a liver plasma membrane function mediated by carrier proteins, was also examined. Membrane fluidity was measured by fluorescence polarization using 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene as a probe. Uptake oftaurocholate into basolateral rat liver plasma membrane and canalicular rat liver plasma membrane vesicles was measured by a rapid Millipore filtration technique. Anisotropy values were found to be significantly lower for the basolateral rat liver plasma membrane than for the canalicular rat liver plasma membrane, indicating that basolateral rat liver plasma membranes are more fluid than canalicular rat liver plasma membranes. Ethanol produced a concentration-dependent effect on lipid fluidity and inhibition of taurocholate uptake, in both membrane preparations. Pretreatment of the membrane with calcium increased the rigidity of both membrane preparations. However, the change in the anisotropy with calcium was only slight in the more rigid canalicular rat liver plasma membrane, while the change in anisotropy was greater and associated with a decrease in taurocholate uptake in the basolateral rat liver plasma membrane. Both the effects of ethanol and calcium were more pronounced in basolateral rat liver plasma membrane than in canalicular rat liver plasma membrane. These results indicate that the fluid state of the hydrophobic bilayer of liver plasma membrane lipids play an important role in regulating bile acid transport in both sinusoidal and canalicular domains. | Mills P R PR; Meier P J PJ; Smith D J DJ; Ballatori N N; Boyer J L JL; Gordon E R ER | 1987-01-01 | pubmed24n0126.xml |
PUBMED | Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) | 3804216 | Hepadnaviruses and retroviruses share genome homology and features of replication. | The hepadnavirus family includes hepatitis B virus (HBV), woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV), ground squirrel hepatitis virus (GSHV) and duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV). These viruses share unique ultrastructural, molecular and biological features. HBV has great medical importance in many parts of the world. More important numerically than acute hepatitis B in high prevalence geographic regions is the liver disease associated with chronic infection. There appear to be more than 200 million chronically infected humans in the world, and these HBV infections appear to be the single most common cause of chronic liver disease and liver cancer in man. All hepadnaviruses share the propensity for silent infection in early life leading to persistence of the virus, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is clearly associated with long-standing persistent infection in man, woodchucks and ground squirrels. Although the viral DNA has been found to be integrated in cellular DNA of many HCC in man, woodchucks and ground squirrels, the precise role of the virus in tumor formation has not been defined. Hepadna viruses have an interesting molecular structure and mechanisms of replication, and they appear to share certain important features with retroviruses as reviewed here. It is of interest to define similarities and differences between hepadnaviruses and retroviruses in order to understand their evolutionary relationship and to determine whether they share a common oncogenic mechanism, since infection with members of both virus families is associated with neoplastic disease. | Robinson W S WS; Miller R H RH; Marion P L PL | 1987-01-01 | pubmed24n0126.xml |
PUBMED | Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) | 3804207 | Decreased uptake of taurocholate and ouabain by hepatocytes isolated from cirrhotic rat liver. | To differentiate between the "intact" and "sick" cell hypothesis explaining decreased clearance of endo- and xenobiotics, we measured uptake of taurocholate and ouabain in hepatocytes isolated from cirrhotic rat liver. Cirrhosis was induced by chronic exposure of male Sprague-Dawley rats to phenobarbital and carbon tetrachloride. Uptake oftaurocholate andouabain was measured by a rapid filtration technique. Hepatocytes from cirrhotic liver were as viable as control hepatocytes--as judged by trypan blue exclusion and lactate dehydrogenase release--but consumed 28% less oxygen. Vmax of both taurocholate (3.16 +/- 0.95 versus 0.40 +/- 0.35 nmoles X min-1 X 10(6) cells-1; p less than 0.001) and ouabain (2.16 +/- 0.78 versus 0.83 +/- 0.26 nmoles X min-1 X 10(6) cells-1; p less than 0.005) was significantly reduced. These results are compatible with the "sick" cell hypothesis. | Reichen J J; Hoilien C C; Le M M; Jones R H RH | 1987-01-01 | pubmed24n0126.xml |
PUBMED | Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) | 3804204 | Delta-infection and suppression of hepatitis B virus replication in chronic HBsAg carriers. | The presence of hepatitis B virus DNA and anti-delta was examined in a longitudinal study of 24 patients known to be delta-infected during the course from acute to chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Fifteen patients (63%) were hepatitis B virus DNA positive in the first serum sample. Eleven of 14 patients, who cleared hepatitis B virus DNA, did so following or at the same time as onset of delta-infection. Duration of hepatitis B virus DNA positivity in these 11 patients was shorter than in 11 anti-delta-negative controls matched according to duration of preceding hepatitis B virus DNA positivity, but the difference was not statistically significant. Considering only patients positive for IgM anti-delta in the last serum sample (eight patients), a statistically significant shorter duration of hepatitis B virus DNA positivity was found in delta-infected patients than in the controls (p less than 0.02). The study indicates that the delta-agent may have the capacity to inhibit hepatitis B virus replication and that a chronic delta-infection may lead to a termination of the period of active viral replication. | Krogsgaard K K; Kryger P P; Aldershvile J J; Andersson P P; Sørensen T I TI; Nielsen J O JO | 1987-01-01 | pubmed24n0126.xml |
PUBMED | Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) | 3804194 | The effect of peritoneovenous shunting on catecholamine metabolism in patients with hepatic ascites. | The elevated catecholamine levels in cirrhotic patients with ascites have been proposed to be due to sympathetic overactivity secondary either to reduced intravascular volume or to an underlying cardiovascular abnormality such as reduced pressor responsiveness. Furthermore, these elevated catecholamine levels have been proposed to be involved in the pathogenesis of salt and water retention. Therefore, the effect of peritoneovenous shunting on the circulating levels and renal excretion of catecholamines were studied in six patients with massive refractive ascites preoperative within the first 8 hr postoperative and by 2 weeks postoperative under metabolic conditions. The recirculation of ascites into the intravascular compartment resulted perioperatively in significant rises in cardiac output (p = 0.001), para-amino-hippurate clearance (p = 0.08), creatinine clearance, diuresis (p = 0.05) and natriuresis (p = 0.06). Systemic blood pressure remained unchanged while systemic vascular resistance decreased (p less than 0.05). Preoperative circulating levels of free catecholamine were highly elevated, and renal vein concentrations were about 25% higher than renal arterial levels. Perioperatively, there was little change in circulating catecholamine levels or distribution of renal blood flow although renal artery and vein concentrations tended to equalize. In contrast by 2 weeks postoperatively, free catecholamine levels had fallen to within the normal ranges: mean norepinephrine from 1,477.6 +/- 194.6 to 395 +/- 62.9 pg per ml (p less than 0.05); epinephrine from 276 +/- 74.2 to 65.7 +/- 15.0 pg per ml (p less than 0.02), and dopamine from 325.6 +/- 175.2 to 47.9 +/- 5.3 pg per ml.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS). | Blendis L M LM; Sole M J MJ; Campbell P P; Lossing A G AG; Greig P D PD; Taylor B R BR; Langer B B | 1987-01-01 | pubmed24n0126.xml |
PUBMED | Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) | 3804205 | Fetal and adult human liver differ markedly in the fluidity and lipid composition of their microsomal membranes. | The fluidity and lipid composition of the human hepatic microsomal membrane were studied in 11 livers from 16- to 21-week-old fetuses and in 5 adult livers, and compared with those of fetal and adult rat liver microsomes. Membrane fluidity was analyzed by measurement of fluorescence polarization using the fluorophore 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene. The lipid apparent microviscosity (eta) of human fetal liver microsomes was 2.17 +/- 0.13 poise, as compared with 1.08 +/- 0.08 poise in adult liver (p less than 0.001). Similar differences in fluidity were found between fetal and adult rat liver microsomes. The more "fluid" adult microsomes had higher phospholipid/cholesterol and phosphatidylcholine/sphingomyelin molar ratios than those of the more "rigid" fetal microsomes. The degree of unsaturation of the adult microsomal lipids was much higher than that of the fetal lipids. The ratios of unsaturated/saturated fatty acids in microsomal lipids highly correlated with the eta values obtained for the combined group of fetal and adult human livers, suggesting that the developmental increase in degree of unsaturation of the microsomal lipids is a major determinant of the increased fluidity of adult as compared with fetal liver microsomes. These differences in fluidity and lipid composition between fetal and adult human liver microsomes may be a critical factor in the regulation of hepatic microsomal drug and carcinogen metabolizing enzyme activity, and could so determine the extent of toxicity and teratogenicity of drugs and/or their metabolites in the developing human fetus. | Kapitulnik J J; Weil E E; Rabinowitz R R; Krausz M M MM | 1987-01-01 | pubmed24n0126.xml |
PUBMED | Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) | 3804210 | Ethanol-induced increase in portal hepatic blood flow: interference by anesthetic agents. | While a number of studies show that acute oral administration of ethanol results in increases in liver blood flow, a large body of evidence has also been presented in which such an effect is not observed. To shed light on this discrepancy, we have studied in rats, a number of variables that might modulate or inhibit the effect of ethanol. These included the use of three anesthetic agents studied at two different times after anesthetic administration and the effect of animal age, gender, batches and seasonal variation. Portal blood flows were determined by the radiolabeled microsphere method in 12 separate experiments in awake rats. Ethanol given at doses ranging from 0.5 to 4.0 gm per kg consistently increased portal vein blood flow by approximately 50% (42.2 +/- 3.5 to 63.4 +/- 6.5 ml per min per kg). The interexperiment variation was 2.4 to 3.0%, showing remarkable consistency, typical of an all-or-none effect at the doses employed. On the other hand, the ethanol-induced increase in portal blood flow was completely suppressed by ketamine (75 mg per kg), thiopental (50 mg per kg) and fentanyl (15 micrograms per kg) when given 15 min prior to blood flow determinations. This suppression was dependent on the dose and duration of anesthesia. These anesthetic agents had no effect on basal hepatic arterial or portal blood flows. Ethanol or the anesthetics were without effects on hepatic artery blood flow. Neither gender, weight (150 to 350 gm) nor animal batch had effect on the response to ethanol. Similarly, there was no effect of seasonal variation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS). | Carmichael F J FJ; Saldivia V V; Israel Y Y; McKaigney J P JP; Orrego H H | 1987-01-01 | pubmed24n0126.xml |
PUBMED | Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) | 3804217 | Molecular aspects of persistent woodchuck hepatitis virus and hepatitis B virus infection and hepatocellular carcinoma. | It seems evident that the development of fully malignant HCC is a multistage process with many variables. One possible mechanism by which many of these variables may interact is as follows. During chronic active hepatitis, viral DNA integration occurs randomly and at a low frequency in hepatocytes. Integration may be stimulated by the increased rate of hepatocyte cell division resulting from liver necrosis and regeneration during chronic disease. The presence of viral integrations in the cellular genome provides focal points for the generation of chromosomal aberrations. One pathway by which these aberrations may be generated involves rearrangement of integrated viral and cellular sequences following viral DNA integration. The rearrangements which occur may include deletion, translocation, transposition or amplification of specific viral and cellular DNA sequences. We and others have directly demonstrated that all of these events are associated with different HBV integrations. The presence of viral integrations in chromosomes may also, by some unknown mechanism, destabilize those chromosomes such that whole chromosomes fail to segregate and are lost from particular cells. Preliminary studies we have conducted using restriction fragment length polymorphisms have revealed the loss of Chromosome 11 alleles in several HCC, indicating that chromosome loss may be a common occurrence in HCC. Our studies with restriction fragment length polymorphisms support such a mechanism involving Chromosome 11 in HCC. Specific chromosomal aberrations associated with all HCCs have not yet been identified.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS). | Rogler C E CE; Hino O O; Su C Y CY | 1987-01-01 | pubmed24n0126.xml |
PUBMED | Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) | 3804214 | Enterocyte protein processing and synthesis. | Until recently, structural information regarding large brush border proteins was obtained largely by protein purification and protein chemistry. Molecular biology has added the techniques of cell-free translation and cDNA cloning to provide additional information. In addition, the regulation of protein synthesis was largely deduced by the use of inhibitors of protein or nucleic acid synthesis. The ability to assess mRNA content by cell-free translation or by hybridization with isolated cDNA has expanded these studies. Moreover, polysomal isolation and organ explants can now be used to determine synthetic and secretion rates directly. Future research in these areas will depend upon the isolation of cDNA clones encoding specific enterocyte proteins to simplify structural analysis, as well as the use of intestinal cell lines to simplify measurement of synthetic rates and protein processing. | Alpers D H DH | 1987-01-01 | pubmed24n0126.xml |
PUBMED | Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) | 3804208 | Selective hepatobiliary transport defect for organic anions and neutral steroids in mutant rats with hereditary-conjugated hyperbilirubinemia. | Mutant rats (TM rats) with abnormal hepatic excretory function were used to study biliary transport of dibromosulfophthalein, ouabain, tributylmethyl ammonium, cholate and taurocholate. In whole animals, dibromosulfophthalein and ouabain clearance is reduced to 7 and 37% of normal, respectively, due to severely impaired excretion from liver to bile. Initial uptake rates of these agents are relatively little affected. In the isolated perfused liver preparation, dibromosulfophthalein is retained within liver and perfusion medium, and the 60-min recovery on bile is reduced to 1.5 vs 75% in normal controls. Biliary excretion of cholate, taurocholate and the quaternary ammonium cation,tributylmethyl ammonium, is not impaired. These results provide evidence for a selective defect of organic anion and neutral steroid transport in TM rats and confirm that multiple pathways exist for the hepatobiliary excretion of organic anions, neutral steroids, bile acids and cations. Bile flow in whole animals and in the isolated perfused liver is reduced to 50 and 30% of normal, respectively. This suggests that a normal function of the excretory systems for organic anions and neutral steroids is important for the maintenance of normal bile flow. | Jansen P L PL; Groothuis G M GM; Peters W H WH; Meijer D F DF | 1987-01-01 | pubmed24n0126.xml |
PUBMED | Applied microbiology | 5188339 | Synergistic antibacterial activity of ampicillin-cloxacillin mixtures against Proteus morganii. | Synergistic antibacterial effects of mixtures of ampicillin and cloxacillin and induced penicillinases were investigated in 48 strains of Proteus. The serial tube dilution method was used to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration of ampicillin, cloxacillin, and 2:1 and 1:1 mixtures of ampicillin and cloxacillin. Production of penicillinases was determined by the cellulose acetate membrane method, with ampicillin, cloxacillin, mixtures of ampicillin and cloxacillin, penicillin G, and cephalothin as inducing agents and as substrates for penicillinase. Synergism occurred against P. morganii, but against no other species. The 1:1 ampicillin-cloxacillin combination was synergistic against 13 of 17 P. morganii strains; the 2:1 combination was synergistic against only 9 strains. Penicillinases, demonstrated in all species except P. mirabilis, hydrolyzed penicillin G and cephalothin. Although only P. vulgaris hydrolyzed ampicillin, no species of Proteus hydrolyzed cloxacillin or the ampicillin-cloxacillin mixtures. Penicillinases were, however, induced by ampicillin, cloxacillin, and the mixtures. There was no relationship between production of penicillinase and synergism with mixtures of ampicillin and cloxacillin. | Bornside G H GH | 1968-10-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | Journal of bacteriology | 5188438 | Wild-type strain of Staphylococcus aureus containing two genetic linkage groups for penicillinase production. | Staphylococcus aureus strain 55C1, isolated from a patient in 1955, contained two genetic linkage groups for penicillinase formation. One was linked to genes that control resistance to cadmium and mercuric ions; it had properties of a plasmidborne gene. The other was not linked to resistance to these metal ions; it had properties of a chromosomal gene. Penicillinase formation by cells that contained either linkage group was inducible by penicillins. Induced penicillinase in cells that contained both linkage groups equalled the sum of that produced in cells containing each group singly. Exopenicillinase produced by cells containing either gene was serological type A. Constitutive penicillinase formation resulting from regulator gene mutations in either linkage group was repressed to differing extents by a wild-type determinant in the trans position. The genetic structure and the regulation of penicillinase formation in strain 55C1 resembled in general those for penicillinase linkage groups which Asheshov and Dyke described for diploid mutant strains of S. aureus PS 80. There were differences in detail, however. | Sweeney H M HM; Cohen S S | 1968-10-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | Journal of clinical pathology | 5188473 | A screening test for the detection of methicillin-resistant staphylococci. | A simple method is described for the detection of methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus by a disc-diffusion test on 5% NaCl agar. Information is given about the incidence of these strains in the Plymouth area. | Churcher G M GM | 1968-03-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | Journal of clinical pathology | 5188489 | Sensitivity of penicillinase-forming strains of Staphylococcus aureus and of their penicillinase-negative variants to cephaloridine, cephalothin, methicillin, and benzylpenicillin. | Twenty-eight penicillinase-forming cultures of Staphylococcus aureus and their penicillinase-negative variants were examined for resistance to benzylpenicillin, methicillin, cephalothin, and cephaloridine. The results supported the view that cephaloridine was more easily destroyed by staphylococcal penicillinase than was cephalothin. In our tube-dilution tests, the minimum inhibitory concentration (M.I.C.) of cephaloridine for methicillin-sensitive cultures was never as high as some of the values reported by other workers who used apparently comparable methods. This was probably due to small differences in technique. The M.I.C. is an unsatisfactory measure of the antibiotic sensitivity of an organism which produces an enzyme which destroys the antibiotic.Methicillin-resistant strains of Staph. aureus have an intrinsic resistance of;heterogenous' type also to benzylpenicillin, cephalothin, and cephaloridine. | Hewitt J H JH; Parker M T MT | 1968-01-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | Journal of bacteriology | 5188656 | Effects of penicillin and glycine on cell wall glycopeptides of the two varieties of Vibrio fetus. | Actively growing strains of Vibrio fetus venerealis and V. fetus intestinalis, none of which produced penicillinase, were treated with inhibitory levels of penicillin or glycine, primarily to gain insight into the differential sensitivities of the two varieties to both of these compounds. Treatments induced the accumulation of uridine nucleotide glycopeptide precursors which contained amino sugars and amino acids in various molar ratios. Penicillin-induced nucleotides all contained muramic acid and sometimes glucosamine; they generally contained alanine, glutamic acid, diaminopimelic acid, and glycine. Approximately equimolar ratios of these components were observed in some compounds, but ratios varied considerably in others. Glycine-induced nucleotides contained muramic acid and, in some instances, glucosamine. Amino acids were detected only infrequently and usually in low molar ratios. The data suggest that penicillinase production, differences in the chemical composition of glycopeptide, and variations in modes of action of penicillin and glycine cannot individually account for the differential sensitivities of venereal and intestinal strains of V. fetus to these substances. | Fung P H PH; Winter A J AJ | 1968-12-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | Journal of clinical pathology | 5188891 | Resistance to cloxacillin among hospital staphylococci. | Cloxacillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus were detected by their ability to grow on agar containing 1.6 mug./ml. of cloxacillin, a more reliable method than the disc-diffusion test. At Sefton General Hospital, Liverpool, between 1963 and 1965, there was an increase in the number of infections among in-patients that were caused by staphylococci resistant to cloxacillin despite the fact that use of the antibiotic was largely confined to an isolation ward for patients with staphylococcal sepsis. Although there is no evidence yet that staphylococci resistant to cloxacillin will become as common in hospital practice as those resistant to penicillin and tetracycline it is clear that there is a need for continued vigilance and measures to prevent spread of staphylococci from infected patients. | Turner G C GC; Cox P E PE | 1967-11-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | The Journal of school health | 5190643 | "Talking upstairs". | The responsibility for oral contraceptive provision by college health services was discussed at a California University; student-faculty comments are summarized. The question liability with regard to the physiological risks of the pill and negative parental attitudes was a source of much concern. It was suggested that the harmful social effects and interrupted education produced by an unwanted pregnancy should be included in university consideration of it's responsibility to the student community. The morality of premarital sexual activity was also questioned by faculty. Students responded that the pill was desired for protection and its dispensation could hardly be equated with campus morals since the individual responding to contraceptive availability was making the moral decision. | Randall H B HB | 1969-02-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | Journal of clinical pathology | 5191722 | Antibiotic resistance of coagulase-negative staphylococci and micrococci. | Five hundred and seventy strains of Gram-positive, catalase-positive, coagulasenegative cocci from various sources were classified on the basis of their ability to grow anaerobically and to ferment mannitol. Five groups were distinguished. The frequency of strains classified in the five groups varied with the source. Only 26% of the strains were sensitive to all the nine antibiotics used in the tests. About half the strains from the lesions of hospital patients were resistant to penicillin, streptomycin, and tetracycline, and about 10% of them were resistant to cloxacillin. In general the frequency of antibiotic resistance and the;width' of the resistance spectrum were greater in strains from hospital sources than in those from outside hospital, and they were also greater among strains regarded as falling in the genus Staphylococcus than in those classed as Micrococcus. | Corse J J; Williams R E RE | 1968-11-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | Journal of bacteriology | 5192681 | Extrachromosomal control of methicillin resistance and toxin production in Staphylococcus aureus. | All of 41 naturally occurring coagulase-positive methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated in various laboratories were resistant to several antibiotics and were lipase-negative. Most strains produced hemolysins, and 38 strains produced enterotoxin B. Acriflavine treatment of four strains resulted in elimination of resistance to methicillin and mercury; in one strain, resistance to cadmium was also lost. Production of enterotoxin B and beta-hemolysin was eliminated in all four strains and penicillinase production was eliminated in one strain. In transduction experiments, methicillin resistance and enterotoxin B production were transferred together at a frequency of 0.2 x 10(-8) to 1.1 x 10(-8) by use of ultraviolet-induced phage lysates from naturally lysogenic methicillin-resistant strains. Cotransductions of resistance to mercury and cadmium, as well as production of penicillinase and beta-hemolysin, were obtained to some extent. The extrachromosomal character of these determinants and their possible genetic association are discussed. | Dornbusch K K; Hallander H O HO; Löfquist F F | 1969-05-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | The Journal of school health | 5194810 | Our most explosive sex education issue: birth control. | In order to visualize the role of the school in population and birth control education, information is needed regarding the major policies currently being debated and advocated and the pro and con arguments being advanced. The traditional policy has been to exclude birth control education. Some of the reasons advanced for excluding birth control education are the following: 1) including birth control information gives tacit approval for high school students to engage in premarital sexual intercourse; 2) teaching contraceptive methods alone would not solve the problem of premarital pregnancy, because unwed adolescent pregnancy is sometimes because of human factors other than ignorance and lack of contraceptives; and 3) birth control is a public health and medical rather than an educational problem. An emerging new policy emphasizes teaching about population and birth control. Reasons in support of this policy include: 1) provide accurate knowledge regarding birth control from reliable sources to counteract misconceptions gained from poorly informed friends and other sources; and 2) the assumption that giving birth control information to adolescents would lead to sexual immorality and promiscuity is unproven. There is a need to develop an ecologic-ethical approach to family life and sex education in the United States. A need exists for being concerned with all the major dimensions of human sexuality and sexual behavior in sex education -- the biologic, psychologic, social, ethical and religious. The concept approach can help to focus the teaching-learning process and experiences on basic principles and generalization. | Hoyman H S HS | 1969-09-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | The American journal of nursing | 5195289 | Thai mothers. | Thailand has 1 of the world's highest population growth rates, increasing at a rate of 3.3 percent annually. 1 of Thailand's problems is providing adequate health care. For several years the U.S. Agency of International Development (AID) has made money and technical advice available for support of training programs and various types of health stations. About 330 midwives a year graduate from an 18-month course to prepare nonprofessional rural health workers and fill the gap created by nursing shortages. They receive courses in basic sciences, maternal and child health, home economics, community health development, and other multipurpose subjects. When their studies are completed, the students become members of the health team in a village of their province. The nurses who teach in the program are usually midwives who have advanced training in public health nursing or nursing education. They teach in the classroom, supervise student midwife deliveries in the home and hospitals, and supervise students' work in various clinics. The nurses also teach refresher courses to graduates who return every 3 years. Nutrition and contraception are stressed. More than 75,000 Thai women are using IUDs and 100,000 others are taking contraceptive pills regularly. | 1969-11-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
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PUBMED | Applied microbiology | 5197918 | Pitfalls in identification of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. | Media and techniques for in vitro testing with respect to screening for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus are discussed. | Marcoux J A JA; Washington J A JA | 1969-10-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | Applied microbiology | 5198127 | New approach for the evaluation of antimycobacterial drug combinations in vitro (the laboratory model man). | An attempt was made to study quantitatively the antimicrobial effect of combinations of commercially available antituberculosis drugs and antibiotics on the growth of multiple drug resistant strains of Mycobacteriunt intracellulare under simulated in vivo conditions. Combinations of erythromycin, isomiazid, methenamine, or exacillin eliminated populations of M. intracellulare when drug combinations in concentrations achievable in man were kept in contact with the organism for 10 hr daily. Although combinations of INH and rifampin failed to eliminate populations of M. intracellulare this pair seemed to be the most effective two-drug combination available. The requirement for successful treatment of drug-resistant mycobacterioses is the selection of an effective drug regimen and the maintenance of combined action of all drugs in the serum for approximately 10 hr daily. An in vitro model is described which enables the bacteriologist to design an effective combination of drugs and to measure its efficiency under simulated in vivo conditions. | Stottmeier K D KD; Woodley C L CL; Kubica G P GP | 1969-09-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | Applied microbiology | 5201887 | Acquired and native resistance of Staphylococcus aureus to cephalexin and other beta-lactam antibiotics. | Staphylococcus aureus cells that are initially susceptible to cephalexin can be induced to acquire intrinsic resistance to cephalexin in comparatively few steps. Concomitantly, resistance to cephalothin, oxacillin, and dicloxacillin increases. By population analysis, there is heteroresistance to cephalexin in some strains of S. aureus. Heterogeneity in colonial morphology on prolonged incubation in the presence of subinhibitory concentrations of cephalexin may constitute an expression of such heteroresistance. | Kayser F H FH; Benner E J EJ; Hoeprich P D PD | 1970-07-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | Applied microbiology | 5204230 | Antibiotic disc susceptibility tests for rapid presumptive identification of Gram-negative anaerobic bacilli. | A method for identification of gram-negative anaerobic bacilli is described. Based on differences in susceptibility to paper discs containing 10 mug of colistin, 60 mug of erythromycin, 1,000 mug of kanamycin, 1,000 mug of neomycin, 2 units of penicillin, and 15 mug of rifampin, these bacteria may be placed into five groups. Other tests such as colony morphology, production of pigment, growth in bile, esculin hydrolysis, and reaction on egg yolk-agar may be used for further identification. The susceptibility tests are rapid and simple to perform and are helpful in characterizing gram-negative anaerobic bacilli. They are not intended for use in predicting clinical effectiveness of the drugs utilized. | Sutter V L VL; Finegold S M SM | 1971-01-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | Applied microbiology | 5205089 | Survey of infectious multiple drug resistance among salmonella isolated from animals in the United States. | Salmonella cultures were obtained from outbreaks of animal disease from 37 states and 1 territory. They were screened for resistance to 11 antimicrobial drugs. Of the 1,251 strains studied, 935 were resistant to one or more of these agents. The three most common resistance patterns were ampicillin, dihydrostreptomycin, sulfamethoxypyridazine, tetracycline; ampicillin, dihydrostreptomycin, sulfamethoxypyridazine; dihydrostreptomycin, sulfamethoxypyridazine, tetracycline. Resistance transfer was demonstrated on 267 multiply resistant cultures, of which 181 were able to transfer all or part of their resistance pattern to a drug-sensitive recipient. | Pocurull D W DW; Gaines S A SA; Mercer H D HD | 1971-02-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | The Journal of school health | 5205475 | Sweden's experiment in human sexuality and sex education. | Swedish views about human sexuality and sex education are indicative of the Swede's way of life, and although much progress has been made, mu ch remains to be done. The following basic principles have emerged from historical development and serve as guidelines in teaching of sex educat ion: 1) the right of every person to self-fulfillment, 2) an ecologic model of human sexuality, 3) bisexual equality, 4) pluralistic sexual morality, 5) sexual permissiveness, and 6) compulsory sex education. Se x education became compulsory in 1956, and the official Handbook on Sex Instruction in Swedish Schools, in 1957 contains guiding principles, pol icies, and procedures for teaching sex education. Some of the teachers are interested and well-prepared, and others are poor to mediocre. Efforts are being made to improve the teacher preparation through workshops, conferences, extension courses, and university seminars. The Swedish experiment provides a testing ground for theory and practice, an d we can learn from their efforts. | Hoyman H S HS | 1971-04-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | Perspectives in psychiatric care | 5205662 | Therapeutic abortion: the psychiatric nurse as therapist, liaison, and consultant. | It is noted that as abortion becomes an accepted medical practice, more nurses will be involved in the treatment and counseling of the therapeutic abortion patient. The authors, psychiatric nurses in a Colorado comprehensive urban mental health center, became involved in the treatment of the therapeutic abortion patient with the passing of the State's liberalized 1967 abortion law. As they became involved with all aspects of therapeutic abortion patients' care, they identified 3 specific roles for the psychiatric nurse: 1) providing direct They treatment, 2) providing liaison service and promoting continuity of care for the patient, and 3) providing consultation service to the staff involved with the patient. As the psychiatric nurses shared their own mixed feelings about abortion with the obstetrical staff, the staff began to feel less guilty and less alone with their feelings. The became more involved with the patients and benefited them more. | Zahourek R R; Tower M M | 1971-10-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | Journal of clinical pathology | 5206516 | Cloxacillin-resistant staphylococci in a children's hospital. | Two hundred and thirty-seven selected, penicillin-resistant isolates of Staph. aureus collected over a 13-month period were examined retrospectively for cloxacillin/methicillin resistance; 44 were found to be resistant. Six other strains which had been preserved from an earlier period were also found to be resistant. All 50 cloxacillin-resistant strains were in addition resistant to streptomycin and several other antibiotics. According to their resistance patterns and reactions to phages, they could be classified into two categories. The proportion of cloxacillin-resistant strains among the total number of staphylococci isolated during the 13-month period was estimated to be 2.7%. Children most at risk from infection were those undergoing long-term hospital treatment and on several occasions children transferred from other hospitals in the region were found to be carrying resistant strains. Most infections caused by these strains were minor but they were nevertheless capable of producing severe illness and they were responsible for 33% of all staphylococcal wound infections. | Skirrow M B MB; Rogers K B KB | 1971-02-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | Journal of bacteriology | 5209529 | -lactamases of R factors derived from Shigella and Salmonella strains. | R. factors conferring resistance to penicillins and cephalosporins were transferred by conjugation from six strains of Shigella and from four strains of Salmonella typhimurium to a standard strain of S. typhimurium LT2. The beta-lactamases produced were then characterized by using cell-free extracts. The enzymes were of two types, I and II, with respect to specific activity against benzyl penicillin, substrate profile, K(m), pH optimum, temperature optimum, inhibition by chloride and nitrate ions, and heat inactivation. The six type I enzymes were associated with R factors from Shigella strains; five of these were R(f) factors. The four type II enzymes were associated with R factors from S. typhimurium; all these were R(i) factors. | Jenkins P H PH; Drabble W T WT | 1971-10-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | Journal of clinical pathology | 5210741 | The effect of sepsis rates of closing and cleaning hospital wards. | Sepsis rates were studied in five hospital wards before and after closure for cleaning. Each ward was closed because of an outbreak of Staph. aureus infection caused by a cloxacillin-resistant strain. The study shows that sepsis rates, especially sepsis caused by hospital strains of Staph. aureus, were greatly reduced in the three-month period following re-opening of the ward, provided that patients infected with such organisms were not readmitted to or allowed to remain in the ward. | Noone P P; Griffiths R J RJ | 1971-11-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | Applied microbiology | 5210841 | Interpretation of diffusion susceptibility data obtained with 50-mu g carbenicillin discs against gram-negative organisms. | A total of 284 clinical isolates of various species of Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, P. maltophilia, and Acinetobacter anitratum were tested for susceptibility to carbenicillin by the standardized Bauer-Kirby disc diffusion technique and a microtiter broth dilution method. The data obtained led to the following proposed criteria for the interpretation of the results of disc susceptibility tests. Enterobacteriaceae that yield zones of inhibition equal to or greater than 20 mm in diameter around 50-mug discs of carbenicillin are designated as sensitive to the drug; isolates that yield zones measuring from 18 to 19 mm in diameter are reported as of equivocal (intermediate) susceptibility to the drug, whereas those enterobacterial isolates that are characterized by zones of inhibition of 17 mm or less in diameter are interpreted as resistant to carbenicillin. Isolates of P. aeruginosa, P. maltophilia, and A. anitratum yielding zones of 14 mm or more in diameter around 50-mug discs of carbenicillin are reported as sensitive, whereas those isolates that are characterized by zones of 13 mm or less in diameter are reported as resistant to this drug. | Traub W H WH; Raymond E A EA | 1971-11-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | Health physics | 5212271 | Calculation of electron slowing down spectra--I. Hard sphere cross sections. | Hard sphere cross sections have been used for calculating electron slowing down spectra as a simple way of getting a first approximation to the effects of electron binding. The main effect is an increase of flux at low energy in the vicinity of the binding energies, which qualitatively tends to reduce the main disagreement between measurements and previous calculations. However, the hard sphere cross section is quantitatively quite inadequate for electron slowing down calculations as shown by a specific comparison with experimental results. | Sherman C H CH; Gordon N E NE | 1971-12-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | Health physics | 5212272 | Calculation of electron slowing down spectra--II. Classical cross sections. | Classical Coulomb cross sections, which make approximate allowance for binding of the atomic electrons, have been used for calculating electron slowing down spectra. The main results of binding is to increase the flux at low energy which improves agreement with experiment. Calculations were made for four specific cases of beta ray sources in aluminum, copper and gold for which experimental results are available. In a simplified, empirical version of the theory it was found that the calculations were in reasonable agreement with experiment down to about 300 eV for all three metals. However, attempts to improve the results by more detailed consideration of the electronic structure of the metals showed that the particular classical model on which these cross sections are based is not adequate. | Sherman C H CH; Gordon N E NE | 1971-12-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | Health physics | 5212273 | Simultaneous estimation of exposure and time elapsed since exposure using multipeaked thermoluminescent phosphors. | Knowledge of the time elapsed since a radiation exposure may be useful in personnel monitoring, as for example in determining the time for occurrence of an over exposure or a nuclear accident, or in the choice of a therapy procedure, etc. This paper describes the application of the multipeaked thermoluminescent phosphors, such as natural CaF2, and Harshaw's type of LiF, for the simultaneous estimation of the exposure and the time elapsed since this exposure. Natural CaF2 used for this purpose has three types of traps, so that the glow curve shows three maxima at about 100, 180 and 260 degrees C. These can easily supply data for the computation of both results. From the area under the 260 degrees peak the exposure can be calculated with good precision within the range from a few millirads to some kilorads. The spontaneous decay of the electrons from shallow traps at normal temperatures (fading) with time after exposure leads to the decrease of the peak areas. The 100 degree peak decays most rapidly, and after about a month the decay of the 180 degree peak is observable. By measuring the ratios of the areas under the peaks, or of the peak heights, the time elapsed since the exposure may be assessed with a precision of about 10% for the range from a few hours up to a thousand days. These ratios are independent of the exposure, the LET, and the dose rate. LiF phosphor offers similar possibilities.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS). | Spurný Z Z | 1971-12-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | Health physics | 5212274 | Thresholds for lenticular damage in the rabbit eye due to single exposure to CW microwave radiation: an analysis of the experimental information at a frequency of 2.45 GHz. | This work presents a review of the literature as regards to the power and time thresholds for opacity formation in the eye due to continuous microwave radiation. Temperature measurements in the vitreous humor are used to develop an analytical model (using basic principles and experimentally determined rate constants) which predicts the power and time thresholds for a frequency of 2.45 GHz. Although this model is not extended to other frequencies, it provides a context in which a general analytical model can be developed when more temperature data became available. Two empirical equations are derived which predict the power and time thresholds as a function of frequency. | McRee D I DI | 1971-12-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | Health physics | 5212275 | Effect of stomatal opening on the transfer of 131I2 from air to grass. | The effect of stomatal opening on the air-to-trass transfer of molecular iodine gas (I2) was studied in a small environmental chamber with an airflow rate of about 1 m/sec above the grass. Measured stomatal densities and stomatal areas were used to determine the per cent of Bromegrass leaf area composed of stomatal openings (As). The transfer parameter Pt(g-1) (analogous to the normalized transfer velocity) was found to be directly dependent upon stomatal opening as measured by As: Pt = 2.21 X 10(-4) + (4.60 X 10(-4) As. The maximum value of Pt observed was 5.43 X 10(-4) g-1 or 2.4 times that observed for As approximately 0. This proportionality to pore area is in agreement with measured diffusion rates through perforated metal screens. It was also found that Bromegrass is far from a "perfect sink" for sorption of 131I2, a fact which must be considered in the development of models of radioiodine transfer. Retention of radioiodine by contaminated foliage is dependent on the radioiodine transfer process and the implications of the current results are indicated. | Adams D R DR; Voillequé P G PG | 1971-12-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | Health physics | 5212276 | The behavior of 137Cs and other fallout radionuclides on a Michigan dairy farm. | The behavior of the fallout radionuclides 137Cs, 54Mn, 14Ce-Pr and 90Sr in the milk-food chain was studied at a commercial dairy farm near Tecumseh, Michigan during 1964 and 1965. The main purpose of the study was to develop mathematical models to describe the movement of radionuclides from air to milk. Three models are presented: the first predicts the total deposition on precipitation collectors given the air concentration and rainfall rate; the second predicts the concentration in forage from air concentration, rainfall rate, and the rates at which the forage grows and is consumed by the dairy herd; the third predicts the milk concentration from the concentration in each type of feed and the rate at which each feed type is consumed by the dairy herd. The first two models are applicable to all four radionuclides but the milk model is valid only for 137Cs. Milk concentrations for the other three radionuclides are treated individually. The model for deposition on precipitation collectors was developed independently and is shown to predict weekly deposition rates to within a factor of three (95% of the time). This uncertainty is reduced as the time span for the prediction is increased. Development of the other two models was based in part on data from the Tecumseh study; both still require independent verification. The forage model fits the weekly experimental data to within a factor of 2.2. The milk model fits the weekly measurements of 137Cs concentrations to within a factor of 1.5. The error of the latter 2 models also decreases as the time span for the prediction is increased. | Pelletier C A CA; Voilleqúe P G PG | 1971-12-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | Health physics | 5212278 | Prediction models for 90Sr in shed deciduous teeth and infant bone. | Shed deciduous teeth were collected in 1966-69 in Denmark, the Faroes and Greenland from children born in the period 1953-63. 235 samples of crowns were analysed for 90Sr. The 90Sr levels in deciduous tooth crowns were related to the fall-out rate and the accumulated fall-out. The tooth levels in children born in 1950-62 could be described with the same equation as the 90Sr bone levels in 1-yr-old infants born in 1962-68. The prediction models for 90Sr in teeth and bones showed that for given amount of fall-out the Faroese levels became nearly twice as high as the Danish. The maximum teeth and bone levels were found in children born in 1963, where the Faroese level was estimated from the prediction model to be 24 pCi 90Sr/g Ca. | Aarkrog A A | 1971-12-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | Health physics | 5212279 | Reduction in the absorption and retention of strontium in rats. | Rats were fed a stock diet supplemented with calcium phosphate and sodium alginate, both separately and simultaneously, over a period of 4-5 months. Observations were made at intervals on the growth rate and on visual and histological abnormalities in some body tissues. No toxic effects were observed. The absorption and skeletal retention of calcium for rats on the combined supplements remained almost unchanged but the absorption and retention of strontium was reduced 7-fold. | Slat B B; Kostial K K; Harrison G E GE | 1971-12-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | Health physics | 5212280 | Radionuclides and selected trace elements in marine protein concentrates. | The concentrations of various trace elements and radionuclides have been measured in marine protein concentrates prepared from surface feeding fishes. As with concentrates prepared from benthic fishes, the 210Pb-210Po pair are the most significant radionuclides present. Concentrations of stable Pb, Co and Ag in certain concentrates are sufficiently high to contribute substantially to estimated current intakes of these elements. | Beasley T M TM; Jokela T A TA; Eagle R J RJ | 1971-12-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | Health physics | 5212281 | Analysis of a case of internal contamination with 242Cm. | During the preparation of targets for the mass spectrometer some 242Cm escaped from the preparation box resulting in a contamination of the laboratory air and of subsequent ingestion of radioactivity by the technician concerned. Nose wipe tests were taken immediately after the incident and faecal and urine samples during the following week. Air sampling filters located in three places in the laboratory were changed immediately and then at regular intervals. The size distribution of the particles was calculated from autoradiographs made from the filter samples. From the results of these analyses the quantity ingested in the respiratory tract was determined using the ICRP "Lung Model" as a guide. The distribution of the ingested material in the body organs was then estimated from the data in Publication 2 of the ICRP. Although the quantities involved predicted an internal contamination far below the maximum permissible values, this detailed analysis was carried out as an opportunity for testing the "Lung Model" in the case of Curium inhalation. Interpretation and comparison of air filter sampling data with results of nose wipe and faecal tests suggest that the ICRP lung model may serve as a useful guide to estimate the approximate level of an internal contamination after inhalation exposure to 242Cm. | Vaane J P JP; de Ras E M EM | 1971-12-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | Health physics | 5212282 | Uptake and excretion of 60Co by black bullheads Ictalurus melas (Rafinesque). | Black bullheads were able to accumulate 60Co from water. During uptake the gills contained from 19% to 30% of the whole-body 60Co activity. After 3 days of 60Co uptake the flesh accounted for 16% of the total activity. Fish that were dosed in a single feeding lost 95.5% of the initial activity in one day of excretion whereas fish that were exposed in 60Co-dosed water lost 28% of the initial activity during the first day of excretion. Elimination of 60Co after intake from water or from food occurred in three components. The initial rapid loss of activity after uptake from food had a biological half-life of 1.5 days, compared to 3.4 days for the initial component after uptake via water. The intermediate components had biological half-lives of 35 and 40.5 days, respectively, after water uptake and after food uptake. The third components in both cases had long, undetermined biological half-lives. Radiocobalt and stable cobalt analyses showed that the blood and blood-rich organs, particularly the kidney, were principal sites of cobalt concentration. | Reed J R JR | 1971-12-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | Health physics | 5212283 | Effects of gamma radiation and temperature on the biological assimilation and retention of 137Cs by Acheta domesticus (L.). | Cesium-137 retention was determined for brown crickets, Acheta domesticus, which had been irradiated with 0, 1000, 2500 and 5000 rad gamma radiation and maintained at 20, 25 and 30 degrees C. Parameters examined for temperature and dose effects were (1) per cent 137Cs assimilated into body tissues (p2), (2) rate of isotope passage through the gut (k1) and (3) rate of elimination of assimilated 137Cs (ks). Increases in temperature and gamma dose resulted in a general decrease in per cent 137Cs assimilated pe day (p2). The first-component elimination coefficient (k1) was not significantly affected (P less than or equal to 0.05) by either temperature or dose changes. Biological elimination coefficients for assimilated 137Cs (k2) increased with increasing temperature between doses of 0 and 2500 rad. Above 2500 rads however, increases in temperature had no noticeable effects on the rate of assimilated 137Cs excretion. At higher dose levels, radiation was the dominant factor influencing the parameter k2. | Van Hook R I RI; Herbert E T ET | 1971-12-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | Cancer | 5212293 | Current work and future plans of the Russell A. Firestone Radiation Therapy Center. | The idea of a Radiotherapy Center at Memorial Hospital began in about 1966 with the recommendations of a panel appointed by the Board of Managers that "... programs of radiation therapy in the Memorial Center and in the New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center be coordinated; that the administration of radiation therapy be restricted to radiotherapists and that they have clinical responsibility for patient having radiation therapy; that policies as to modality of treatment be determined through joint decisions of the departments of medicine, surgery, pediatrics and radiation therapy." The implementation of these recommendations is described and their extension to cooperating community hospitals in a regional radiotherapy program is outlined. The prospects of further progress in radiation therapy, based on the triad of patient care, teaching and research, now seem assured. | Phillips R R | 1968-10-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | Cancer | 5212294 | The independent radiotherapy center. | From the beginning of this century radiology has embraced two widely different medical fields: diagnosis and therapy. The fundamental differences between these have grown ever more obvious with radiotherapy's playing such an important factor in the treatment of malignant diseases; the specialty has now been recognized as an independent therapeutic discipline at several medical schools. The development of the Radium Center in Copenhagen into an independent radiotherapy center is discussed and the importance of centralized radiotherapy is emphasized. | Johansen H H | 1968-10-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | Cancer | 5212295 | The teaching functions of a radiotherapy center. | A radiotherapy center today fills an important educational function in a modern medical center complex. Teaching responsibilities involve a substantial investment of staff time and physical facilities. A graduate training program covering 3 or more years constitutes a carefully structured educational experience based on a highly sophisticated technology. In order to meet the present and future needs in this area a vigorous effort must be made to increase the recruitment of therapeutic radiologists. Important to the success of any such effort must be a greater involvement in the medical school curriculum. Radiation therapy must be presented to the student as a dynamic medical specialty. This can be done in a variety of ways at different periods in the medical school experience. Programs are needed that will allow interns and residents from other services an opportunity for a clinical experience on the radiation therapy service. However, It would be unwise to place total dependence on this form of recruitment. The present and future needs of the public and the profession can only be met by a carefully planned educational program whose initial efforts begin during the medical school experience. A radiation therapy center has an important and large role in the graduate educational program of a medical center. The full development of this role remains to be realized. There is also potentially a significant teaching contribution that can be made in the medical college. The opportunity is present. The challenge must be met if either or both major branches of radiology are to maintain their academic position. | Evans J A JA | 1968-10-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | Cancer | 5212296 | Realistic treatment planning. | Some ionizing radiations in specified energy ranges have physical properties which make them useful in treating human cancers, although this method of treatment has limitations. The author describes the limitations which make radiation therapy difficult as compared with such methods as surgery. The advantages and problems of the application of high-energy x-rays and electron sources are discussed. The author discusses specialized instruments and techniques developed for use in modern radiation therapy. The application of these techniques has required the development of systems for comprehensive treatment planning to be made available to many patients. | Laughlin J S JS | 1968-10-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | Cancer | 5212297 | Determining the extent of the cancer and clinical planning for cure. | The patient with presumed localized cancer should be carefully surveyed both for evidence of spread of the disease, and in order to obtain baseline data which may be relevant to interpret any later clinical changes. The procedures used--a careful medical history, complete physical examination, laboratory tests, biopsy and cytology preparations, radiographic procedures and radioactive isotope scans of selected organ system--are listed. The recommended procedures in the individual patient are related to the primary site and apparent local extent of the cancer, a knowledge of the natural history of the particular cancer, and the practicalities of the situation. Proper study will direct an attempt at optimal curative therapy or spare the patient with metastatic disease unrewarding and possibly disabling therapeutic efforts. | Karnofsky D A DA | 1968-10-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | Cancer | 5212298 | Techniques for tumor localization. | Modern radiotherapy requires reliable knowledge of the site of the tumor, of its extent and of its relation to adjacent tissues and organs. It is sometimes difficult to obtain such information on deep-seated tumors. This implies a risk of inadequate dosage. Various techniques are available for locating tumors, viz., angiography, lymphography, hysterography and various scanning methods. Examples of the value of each technique in demonstrating the site and extent of tumors are given. | Lingren M M | 1968-10-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | Cancer | 5212299 | Techniques of interstitial and intracavitary radiation. | Interstitial implantation and intracavitary applications occupy a definite position in the curative management of cancer. With these techniques a much higher dose can be delivered to the tumor than possible with external radiation. At the same time, a much lower dose is given to the adjoining normal tissue avoiding severe complications and late damage of the normal tissue and organs. The high doses delivered with internal radiation are tolerated well because the irradiated volumes are very small compared to the volumes which are irradiated with external radiation therapy even with small-field technique. However, the methods and the radioisotopes which are commonly used in interstitial and intracavitary radiation therapy are complicated and unsatisfactory from the radiation safety point of view. For this reason new methods with artificial radioisotopes were developed at Memorial Hospital for interstitial and intracavitary radiation. These techniques include the remote afterloader with which all intracavitary applications were carried out since July 1967 and the use of low energy 125I seeds for interstitial implants. The clinical experience with both techniques indicates that most of the drawbacks of the older methods are eliminated while their proven therapeutic value is retained. | Hilaris B S BS | 1968-10-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | Cancer | 5212300 | Curative radiotherapy in the malignant lymphomas. | The clinical experience and technologic improvements of the past 40 years are briefly summarized in terms of their contributions to the present optimistic and aggressive approach to the treatment of malignant lymphoma. The reasoning behind the large-field moderately high-dose technique that has evolved is reviewed and analyzed, and our treatment techniques are described in detail. Finally, the curability of malignant lymphoma is emphasized--through the use of vigorous and precisely planned irradiation of both the actual and the potential sites of lymph node involvement in either the upper or the lower trunk regions, or, in some cases, in both regions, we may now hope to produce cures or long-term survivals in a great majority of the patients treated; this results in a magnificent gain for humanity through the rescue or prolongation of many otherwise lost lives. | Nobler M P MP | 1968-10-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | Cancer | 5212301 | Clinical radiation pathology as applied to curative radiotherapy. | The value of radiation pathology in understanding the radiation effects in normal tissues and tumors is stressed in developing curative radiotherapy. A theory of cell radiosensitivity is presented based on cellular proliferation, differentiation and life span. From this base, concepts of tissue and organ radiosensitivity are developed utilizing the knowledge of tissue organization, cell kinetics and microcirculation. Through a series of paradigmatic charts and drawings an attempt is made to explain different clinical manifestations of radiation reactions on the basis of similar histopathologic changes. Possible future directions for radiation research to explore are outlined. | Rubin P P; Casarett G W GW | 1968-10-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | Cancer | 5212302 | Surgery and radiotherapy--competitors or partners? | The past experience of combined radiotherapy and surgery at Memorial Hospital was reviewed. Preoperative radiotherapy seemed to be of value in certain tumors of the head and neck, in esophageal carcinoma, in deeply invading cancers of the bladder without metastasis lymph nodes. There were no recent data on mammary or gynecologic cancer. The previously reported improvement in advanced cancer of the colon treated with preoperative radiation is now equivocal in our more recent data. Preoperative radiotherapy in sarcoma of bone is used but we have no proof of benefit. The author concludes that the partnership of surgery and radiotherapy needs further study. | Beattie E J EJ | 1968-10-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | Cancer | 5212303 | Clinical prospects of improvements in radiotherapy. | Future radiotherapy can expect improved clinical results with an integrated approach to cancer, with better application of radiotherapy based on radiobiologic principles, and with further developments in diagnostic procedures, physics and general technology. Our past progress has provided us with a clinical basis upon which future developments can grow to achieve the maximum control of cancer. | Chu F C FC | 1968-10-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | Cancer | 5212304 | The radiotherapy center in the teaching hospital. | The author states his belief that every teaching hospital should have a radiotherapy center as an integral part of it. He outlines the organization of a radiotherapy center in a teaching hospital. | Windeyer B B | 1968-10-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | Cancer | 5212305 | Epidemiologic studies of carcinoma of the kidney. II. Association of renal adenoma with smoking. | The frequency of cigarette, pipe and cigar smoking, and tobacco chewing among 77 patients with renal adenoma was compared with that among 134 control patients. Analysis of our data revealed among male patients with renal adenoma:; smokers of more than ten cigarettes per day; pipe smokers, cigar smokers and tobacco chewers combined (at the 0.01 level); pipe smokers (not significant); cigar smokers (at the 0.005 level); and tobacco chewers (at the 0.05 level). (2) proportionally fewer male patients quit using tobacco among adenoma patients who had used tobacco than among control patients who had used tobacco (significant at the 0.01 level). (3) In the adenoma and control group of females the number of patients was not large enough for statistical analysis. (4) The estimated risk of males developing renal adenoma was increased with all forms of tobacco use. | Bennington J L JL; Ferguson B R BR; Campbell P B PB | 1968-10-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | Cancer | 5212306 | Malignant degeneration of benign cystic teratomas of the ovary. Review of the literature and report of a chondrosarcoma and carcinoid tumor. | The development of cancer in a pre-existing benign cystic teratoma of the ovary is rare. A total of 272 cases have now been recorded in the literature, although detailed reports are unavailable in 75. Excluding cases of doubtful classification, 93% of tumors were carcinomas and only 7% sarcomas. In the epithelial group squamous carcinoma was by far the most common (83%). The incidence of adenocarcinoma and argentaffinoma was approximately equal at 6%, although the number of cases of carcinoid tumor reported in recent years appears to be increasing. The present report tabulates the findings in 43 cases described since the last extensive review in 1957. The average age of patients was 55 years and the only symptom or sign was an abdominal mass, except when the tumor had extended through the cyst wall. Right and left ovaries were involved with equal frequency. Treatment varied from simple removal of the cyst to hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. In some inoperable cases only biopsy of the lesion was possible. Prognosis was poor when extension through the cyst wall had occurred and good otherwise. The first case of chondrosarcoma and the fourteenth case of carcinoid tumor arising in a benign cystic teratoma are reported. | Climie A R AR; Heath L P LP | 1968-10-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | Cancer | 5212307 | Myosarcomas of the bladder and prostate. | Of 32 patients seen in Memorial Center since 1920 with myosarcomas of the bladder or prostate 26 were male and six were female. The tumors arose in the bladder in 20, in the prostate in 11 and in one patient both organs were involved. Sarcomas of the bladder account for two or three of every thousand bladder cancers and for one of every thousand prostate cancers. Seventy-six patients, or approximately 10% of reported cases, have survived 3 years or more from diagnosis. Forty-five of those 76 sarcomas were reported as specific myosarcomas, that is, embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, adult rhabdomyosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma or combinations of those three. Thirty-six arose in the bladder, nine arose in the prostate. The most successful methods of treatment have been cystectomy for embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the bladder and segmental resection for leiomyosarcoma of the bladder. Rhabdomyosarcoma of the bladder and prostate has seldom been managed successfully, so that no particular treatment can be unconditionally recommended. Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the prostate is as yet an incurable condition. | Mackenzie A R AR; Whitmore W F WF; Melamed M R MR | 1968-10-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | Cancer | 5212309 | Benign fibro-osseous jaw lesions of periodontal membrane origin. An analysis of 249 cases. | An analysis of the clinical, radiographic, histologic and follow-up data on 249 cases of lesions of periodontal membrane origin is presented. Such lesions may be cementoid, osteoid, mixed (cemento-osteoid) or fibrous. These tumors may be single or multiple and usually behave in a benign fashion. Occasionally they may act in an aggressive manner and attain giant size, although none metastasize. The benign fibro-osseous lesions of periodontal membrane origin are more prevalent in the jaws than fibro-osseous lesions of medullary bone origin. The use of polarized light was most helpful in distinguishing mature cementoid lesions from tumors with mature lamellar bone; the former have finer lines of parallel birefringence. Fibrous dysplasia has often been misused as a diagnostic term and was found not to be prevalent as a fibro-osseous jaw lesion. Fibrous dysplasia has its own particular histologic features, and the immature "woven" bone within the lesion polarizes in a random birefringent pattern. | Hamner J E JE; Scofield H H HH; Cornyn J J | 1968-10-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | Cancer | 5212308 | Cystathioninuria in patients with neuroblastoma or ganglioneuroblastoma. Its correlation to vanilmandelic acid excretion and its value in diagnosis and therapy. | Cystathionine is not normally present in urine and only a few cases of congenital cystathioninuria are known. Cystathioninuria has also been found in patients with sympathetic tumors or with primary hepatic tumors. This study was undertaken in order to assess the significance of cystathioninuria in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with active neuroblastoma or ganglioneuroblastoma. It was found that 50% of these patients excrete cystathionine. The presence or severity of cystathioninuria does not correlate with the extent of metastases, nor is it combined with an elevated vanilmandelic acid excretion. By contrast, patients successfully treated for neuroblastoma, as well as patients with a variety of other tumors or diseases, do not show cystathioninuria. It is concluded that cystathioninuria is a valid test in the diagnosis of neuroblastoma or ganglioneuroblastoma, although primary liver tumors should be considered in the differential diagnosis. Furthermore, the presence of cystathioninuria in the follow-up course of these patients indicates that the neoplastic disease is still active. | Geiser C F CF; Efron M L ML | 1968-10-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | Cancer | 5212310 | Metastasizing basal cell carcinoma of the skin with myelophthisic anemia. | A case report of a metastasizing basal cell carcinoma is presented, primary in the leg with regional inguinal lymph node metastasis, followed by extensive metastasis to skin and bone marrow with myelophthisic anemia and terminal splenohepatic and unilateral adrenal metastasis. | Coletta D F DF; Haentze F E FE; Thomas C C CC | 1968-10-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | Obstetrics and gynecology | 5212327 | Hepatitis following multiple intrauterine transfusions. Report of a case. | A case of fatal neonatal hepatitis following multiple fetal transfusion is presented. As the use of intrauterine fetal transfusion is expanded, neonatal as well as maternal hepatitis may become increasingly frequent. | Mandelbaum B B; Brough A J AJ | 1967-08-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | Obstetrics and gynecology | 5212328 | Indocyanine green liver function studies on women taking progestins. | The liver extraction of indocyanine green in concentrations of 0.2 mg./kg. and 0.5 mg./kg. in women taking oral contraceptive (norethindrone 2 mg. with mestranol 0.1 mg., and norethindrone 1 mg. with mestranol 0.05 mg.) is reported. No major alteration was noted in the hepatic function with the plasma concentrations of the dye employed. The probability of increased hepatic arterial flow or increased cardiac output due to norethindrone-mestranol combination is noted. The value of indocyanine green in the study of liver dysfunction is stated and its relative sensitivity at various concentrations is mentioned. The use of indocyanine green to predict early hepatic changes in toxemia of pregnancy, especially in those patients with excessive weight gain, is suggested. | Takaki N K NK; Mathews C W CW; Semmens J P JP | 1967-08-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |