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Small Business Safety and Health Handbook	SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK.pdf
DHHS (NIOSH) Publication Number 2021-120 (revised 01/2024) \| OSHA Publication Number 2209-01R 2024Small Business Safety and Health Handbook	SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK.pdf
iii \| SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOKContents About this Handbook ......................................................................... 1 Safety and Health Programs ................................................................... 2 Value of a Safety and Health Program ............................................................... 2 Implementing a Safety and Health Program ......................................................... 3 Workplace Self-Inspection ..................................................................... 4 Self-Inspection Checklists ..................................................................... 4 General ............................................................................................ 5 Safety and Health Programs ....................................................................... 5 General Work Environment and Housekeeping .................................................... 7 Posting of Required Safety and Health Information ................................................ 9 Recordkeeping and Reporting ................................................................... 10 Compressed Gas Cylinders ......................................................................... 12 Electrical Safety ................................................................................... 13 Ergonomics ....................................................................................... 17 Exit Routes and Emergency Planning ............................................................... 19 Doors ........................................................................................... 19 Emergency Action Plans ......................................................................... 21 Exits, Exit Paths (Means of Egress) ................................................................ 24 Fire Protection ..................................................................................... 26 Fire Extinguishers ................................................................................ 26 Fire Suppression and Alarm Systems ............................................................. 27 Flammable and Combustible Liquids and Materials ............................................... 28 Hand and Portable Powered Tools and Equipment .................................................. 30 Explosive (Powder) Actuated Fastening Tools ..................................................... 30 Hand Tools and Equipment ...................................................................... 31 Portable (Power Operated) Tools and Equipment ................................................. 33 Hazard Communication and Chemicals ............................................................ 34 Hazard Communication .......................................................................... 34 Hazardous Chemicals ............................................................................ 36 Heat-related Illness Prevention ..................................................................... 38	SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK.pdf
iv \| SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOKInfection Control Plan ............................................................................. 41 Lockout/Tagout Procedures ....................................................................... 45 Machinery and Machine Guarding ................................................................. 47 Abrasive Wheel Equipment Grinders ............................................................. 47 Machinery and Equipment ....................................................................... 49 Materials Handling and Storage .................................................................... 52 Hoist and Auxiliary Equipment ................................................................... 52 Materials Handling .............................................................................. 55 Powered Industrial Trucks ........................................................................ 56 Medical Services and First Aid ...................................................................... 58 Noise Exposure .................................................................................... 60 Permit-Required Confined Spaces .................................................................. 62 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) ............................................................... 65 Respiratory Protection ............................................................................. 67 Walking-Working Surfaces ......................................................................... 69 Elevated Surfaces ................................................................................ 69 Floor Holes and Wall Openings ................................................................... 70 Portable Ladders ................................................................................ 71 Stairs and Stairways ............................................................................. 73 Walkways ....................................................................................... 74 Welding, Cutting, and Brazing ...................................................................... 76 Workplace Violence Prevention .................................................................... 80 Young Workers .................................................................................... 83 Safety and Health Assistance for Small Businesses ............................................. 86 OSHA Resources ................................................................................... 86 Whistleblower Program: Protection from Retaliation ................................................ 89 State Plans ........................................................................................ 89 National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Resources ............................ 90 Other Resources ................................................................................... 90 The Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996 (SBREFA) .......................... 91 OSHA Regional Offices ....................................................................... 92 Contact OSHA ............................................................................... 93	SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK.pdf
1 \| SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOKAbout this Handbook The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) developed this handbook to provide small business employers with workplace safety and health information . The handbook summarizes the benefits of an effective safety and health program, provides self-inspection checklists for employers to identify workplace hazards, and reviews key workplace safety and health resources for small businesses . This handbook is a general guide . Employers should not use it to assess compliance with the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (OSH Act) or federal OSHA standards . This handbook does not provide legal interpretations of the requirements in OSHA standards, nor does it create any additional compliance requirements for employers . OSHA will not cite employers under the General Duty Clause in Section 5(a)(1) of the OSH Act for not following the handbook's recommendations . More than 20 states and territories operate their own OSHA-approved State Plans . A list of states that operate their own State Plans can be found on OSHA's website . While the safety and health compliance requirements in these State Plans may differ in some respects from federal OSHA requirements, employers in all states may benefit from using this handbook . This publication is in the public domain and copyright-free . You can share it, fully or partially, without permission . We appreciate, but do not require, source credit . Photo: i Stock	SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK.pdf
2 \| SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOKSafety and Health Programs Value of a Safety and Health Program Every year, more than 5,000 workers are killed on the job (average of 14 deaths per day), and more than 3 . 6 million suffer a serious job-related injury or illness . Even one serious workplace injury or illness can have a devastating impact on a small business, including costs associated with higher workers' compensation premiums, medical expenses, legal fees, replacement worker training, lost productivity, equipment repairs, and lower worker morale-to say nothing of the overwhelming personal impacts . Implementing a safety and health program helps businesses: Prevent workplace injuries and illnesses Improve compliance with laws and regulations Reduce costs, including significant reductions in workers' compensation premiums Engage workers Enhance social responsibility goals Increase productivity and enhance overall business operations Small empl oyers like you place a high value on the well-being of your workers . Like many small businesses, you may employ family members and personal acquaintances . And, if you don't know your workers before they are hired, the size of your workplace will promote the closeness and concern for one another that small businesses value . OSHA and NIOSH provide helpful resources and want to work with you to promote a safe and healthful workplace . Employers that make job safety and health a real part of their everyday operations will benefit in the long run. Investing in a safety and health program now will help you avoid possible losses in the future . A safe business is a sound business . The main goal of a safety and health program is to prevent workplace injuries, illnesses, and deaths, as well as the suffering and financial hardship these events can cause for workers, their families, and employers . Traditional approaches are often reactive; that is, problems are addressed only after a worker is injured or becomes sick, a new standard or regulation is published, or an outside inspection finds a problem . OSHA's Safe + Sound campaign encourages every workplace to have a safety and health program . Through this campaign, OSHA works with NIOSH and other organizations to provide resources to help employers develop safety and health programs and to recognize the successes of these programs . Photo: i Stock	SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK.pdf
3 \| SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOKImplementing a Safety and Health Program OSHA's Recommended Practices for Safety and Health Programs use a proactive approach to managing workplace safety and health, recognizing that finding and fixing hazards before they cause injury or illness is a far more effective approach . The Recommended Practices present a step-by-step approach to implementing a successful safety and health program, built around seven core elements: Management leadership Worker participation Hazard identification and assessment Hazard prevention and control Education and training Program evaluation and improvement Communication and coordination for host employers, contractors, and staffing agencies OSHA's website includes tools to help employers implement safety and health programs, including: how to get started, a safety and health program self-evaluation tool, a safety and health program implementation checklist, and a safety and health program audit tool . You can begin with a basic program, set simple goals, and grow from there . If you focus on achieving goals, monitoring performance, and evaluating outcomes, your workplace can progress to higher levels of safety and health achievement . By developing and implementing a safety and health program, you are expressing and documenting your good faith and commitment to protecting your workers' health and safety . Doing so does not usually require additional workers or high costs . You can integrate safety and health into your other business functions with modest effort . The key to a successful safety and health program is to see it as a part of your day-to-day business operation . As you incorporate it into your business culture, safety and health awareness will become second nature to you and your workers, leading to a safe and sound business . Every workplace should have a safety and health program that includes management leadership, worker participation, and a systematic approach to finding and fixing hazards . Regular workplace inspections are an important tool for identifying hazards and fixing them . Photo: i Stock	SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK.pdf
4 \| SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOKWorkplace Self-Inspection An effective way to identify workplace hazards is for knowledgeable and experienced workers to conduct routine safety and health inspections (i. e., self-inspections) . The only way to know if potential hazards exist and if they are under control is to assess work processes directly . Small business employers should conduct routine workplace self-inspections to: identify hazards, control identified hazards, and monitor and evaluate hazard controls to verify that they continue to be effective . Consultants from OSHA's On-Site Consultation programs in all states, the District of Columbia and most territories can help small business employers with this process at no cost . Self-Inspection Checklists The checklists in the handbook are intended for general industry workplaces, but not for construction or maritime industries . They are a starting point for identifying workplace hazards . The checklists can give you some indication of where to begin taking action to make your business safer and more healthful for your workers . The checklists are based on several sources, including OSHA standards and generally accepted safety and health principles . Do not use the checklists to assess your compliance with the OSH Act or OSHA standards . Compile information from your completed checklists with workplace injury and illness records, worker training information, and process and equipment information (e . g., maintenance logs, failure incident reports) to help you determine where challenges exist . Refer to OSHA standards, resources on the OSHA website, and other resources listed in this handbook to find solutions to those challenges . At the end of each checklist, you will find a link to additional resources on that topic . These checklists are not all-inclusive and not all of the checklists will apply to your business . You might want to start by selecting the checklists that apply to areas that are most critical to your business, then expanding your checklists over time to cover all areas that pertain to your business . Consider adding or deleting items from a checklist to more accurately cover your work processes . Photo: i Stock	SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK.pdf
5 \| SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOKCompany name: Worksite: Specific worksite area: Inspected by:Date: General Safety and Health Programs Yes No N/A Comments A safety and health program is in place to help proactively manage safety and health in the workplace .    Safety and health is a top priority .    Safety and health is a part of daily conversations with workers .    A procedure is in place for workers to report injuries, illnesses, incidents (including near misses/close calls), hazards, and safety and health concerns .    Workers are trained how to identify and control hazards .    Workplace inspections are conducted with workers .    Workers are asked for ideas on hazard control .    Workers are assigned the task of choosing, implementing, and evaluating hazard controls they come up with .   	SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK.pdf
6 \| SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOKSafety and Health Programs Yes No N/A Comments Foreseeable emergency scenarios are identified and instructions are developed on what to do in each case .    Workers are consulted before significant changes are made to the workplace, work organization, equipment, or materials in order to identify potential safety or health issues .    Time is set aside to discuss safety and health issues, with the goal of identifying ways to improve the safety and health program .    Additional Resources OSHA: Recommended Practices for Safety and Health Programs OSHA: $afety Pays Program American Society of Safety Professionals: Guidance Manual — Keep Your People Safe in Smaller Organizations (GM-Z10 . 10 1)	SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK.pdf
7 \| SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOKGeneral Work Environment and Housekeeping Yes No N/A Comments The workplace is clean, orderly, and sanitary .    Workplace floors are maintained in a dry condition .    Where wet processes are used, drainage is maintained and false floors, platforms, mats, or other dry standing places are provided, where practicable, or workers use appropriate footwear .    Enclosed workplaces are maintained to prevent the entrance or harborage of rodents, insects, and other vermin; and a continuing and effective extermination program is instituted where their presence is detected .    Workers do not eat or drink in any areas where hazardous substances are present .    Combustible scrap, debris, and waste are stored properly and promptly removed from the workplace .    Covered metal waste cans are used for rags soaked in oil, flammable/combustible liquid, paint, etc .    Vacuuming and non-vigorous sweeping are used in place of blowing down with compressed air .    When it is necessary to blow down in place of vacuuming and sweeping, compressed air pressure is limited to 30 psi, and dust clouds are kept to a minimum .   	SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK.pdf
8 \| SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOKGeneral Work Environment and Housekeeping Yes No N/A Comments General dilution or local exhaust ventilation systems are used to control dusts, vapors, gases, fumes, smoke, solvents, or mists generated in the workplace, where possible .    Clear space is maintained in front of electrical panels; minimum 3 feet in front, and at least the width of the panel, but not less than 2 1/2 feet .    Appropriate precautions are taken to maintain exits, and protect workers during construction, renovation, and repair operations .    Additional Resources OSHA Regulations:-29 CFR 1910. 22, General Requirements for Walking and Working Surfaces-29 CFR 1910. 36, Design and Construction Requirements for Exit Routes-29 CFR 1910. 37, Maintenance, Safeguards, and Operational Features for Exit Routes-29 CFR 1910. 141, Sanitation OSHA: Restrooms and Sanitation Requirements OSHA: Indoor Air Quality NIOSH: Workplace Mold NIOSH: Office Environments	SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK.pdf
9 \| SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOKPosting of Required Safety and Health Information Yes No N/A Comments The required OSHA Job Safety and Health Poster (or state plan equivalent) is posted in a prominent location in the workplace . NOTE: The poster is available for free from OSHA in multiple languages . W hile OSHA does not require employers to display the poster in other languages, OSHA encourages employers with employees that speak other languages to also display the poster in those languages .    The annual Summary of Work-Related Injuries and Illnesses (OSHA Form 300A) is posted during the months of February, March, and April .    Any citations resulting from OSHA workplace inspections are posted until the violation has been abated, or for three working days, whichever is later .    Emergency telephone numbers are posted where they can be readily found in case of emergency .    Additional Resources OSHA Regulations: -29 CFR 1903 . 2, P osting of OSHA Notice -29 CFR 1903 . 16, Posting of Citations OSHA: Free Workplace Poster-Job Safety and Health-It's the Law!	SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK.pdf
10 \| SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOKRecordkeeping and Reporting Yes No N/A Comments Occupational injuries or illnesses, except minor injuries requiring only first aid, are recorded on OSHA Form 300 (Log of Work-Related Injuries and Illnesses) . NOTE: Employers are partially exempt from OSHA's injury and illness recordkeeping requirements if 1) they had 10 or fewer workers during all of the last calendar year (see 29 CFR 1904 . 1), or 2) they are in certain low-hazard industries (see 29 CFR Part 1904, Subpart B, Appendix A ). A ll employers, regardless of size or industry, must report work-related fatalities, in-patient hospitalizations, amputations, and loss of an eye to OSHA .    A supplementary record of each recordable occupational injury and illness is prepared for recordable cases on OSHA Form 301 (Injury and Illness Incident Report) . Em ployers can use equivalent forms that provide all the information on the OSHA Form 301 .    An annual summary is prepared at the end of each calendar year using OSHA Form 300A ( Summary of Work-Related Injuries and Illnesses ).    You must electronically submit information from your Form 300A Summary to OSHA annually (by March 2 of the year after the calendar year covered by the form) if: You have an establishment with 250 ormore workers that is currently required tokeep OSHA injury and illness records, or You have an establishment with 20-249 workers that is classified in certainindustries with historically high rates of occupational injuries and illnesses .   	SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK.pdf
11 \| SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOKRecordkeeping and Reporting Yes No N/A Comments You must electronically submit information from your OSHA Form 300 Log and Form 301 Incident Report(s) to OSHA annually (by March 2 of the year after the calendar year covered by the forms) if you have an establishment with 100 or more workers in designated high-hazard industries .    Injury and illness records (OSHA 300, 300A, and 301) are kept at the worksite for at least five years .    Worker medical and exposure records are retained for the time period required for each specific type of record .    Worker training records are kept and accessible for review by workers, as required by OSHA standards .    All work-related fatalities are reported to OSHA within 8 hours . A ll work-related in-patient hospitalizations, amputations, and loss of an eye are reported to OSHA within 24 hours .    Additional Resources OSHA Regulations: -29 CFR 1904, Recording and Reporting Occupational Injuries and Illness -29 CFR 1910 . 10 20, Access to Employee Exposure and Medical Records OSHA: Injury and Illness Recordkeeping and Reporting Requirements OSHA: Report a Fatality or Severe Injury OSHA: Access to Medical and Exposure Records	SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK.pdf
12 \| SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOKCompressed Gas Cylinders Compressed Gas Cylinders Yes No N/A Comments Cylinders are clearly marked to identify their contents .    Cylinders are stored where they cannot be damaged by passing or falling objects, and not subject to tampering by unauthorized persons .    Cylinders are regularly examined for obvious signs of defects, deep rusting, and leakage .    Care is used in handling and storage of cylinders, safety valves, relief valves, etc ., to prevent damage .    Care is taken to not drop or strike cylinders .    Cylinders without fixed wheels have keys, handles, or non-adjustable wrenches on stem valves when in service .    Liquefied gases are stored and shipped valve-end up with valve-protection caps in place .    Valve-protection caps are placed on cylinders when the cylinders are not in use, or connected for use .    Valves are closed before cylinders are moved, when cylinders are empty, and at the completion of each job .    Empty cylinders are appropriately marked and their valves are closed .    Additional Resources OSHA Regulations: -29 CFR 1910 . 10 1, Compressed Gases -29 CFR 1910 . 1 1 0, Storage and Handling of Liquid Petroleum Gases OSHA: Compressed Gas and Equipment	SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK.pdf
13 \| SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOKElectrical Safety Electrical Safety Yes No N/A Comments Electrical work performed by workers or contractors complies with OSHA standards .    Sufficient access and working space is provided and maintained around all electrical equipment to permit ready and safe operations and maintenance .    Workers make preliminary inspections and perform appropriate tests to determine conditions before starting work on electrical equipment or lines .    In wet or damp locations, electrical tools and equipment are appropriate for the use or location or otherwise protected .    Metal measuring tapes, ropes, hand-lines and similar devices with metallic thread woven into the fabric are not used where they could come in contact with energized parts of equipment or circuit conductors .    Portable ladders with nonconductive side rails are used where the worker or the ladder could contact exposed energized parts of equipment, fixtures, or circuit conductors .    Disconnecting switches and circuit breakers are labeled to indicate their use or equipment served .    Electrical installations are approved not only for the class of location, but also for the ignitable or combustible properties of the specific gas, vapor, dust, or fiber that may be present .   	SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK.pdf
14 \| SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOKElectrical Safety Yes No N/A Comments Whenever a worker is exposed to contact with parts of fixed electric equipment or circuits that have been de-energized, the circuits energizing the parts are locked out or tagged, as appropriate .    Workers who regularly work on or around energized electrical equipment or lines are instructed in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) .    Workers do not work alone on energized lines or equipment over 600 volts .    Barricades and safety signs are used to prevent or limit access to areas where workers could be exposed to uninsulated energized conductors or circuit parts .    Cord-connected, electrically operated tools and equipment are effectively grounded or of the approved double insulated type .    Flexible cord sets (extensions cords) used with grounding-type equipment have grounding conductors .    Cord-connected, electrically operated equipment, and flexible cord sets (extension cords) are visually inspected before use for external defects (e . g., l oose parts, deformed and missing pins, or damage to outer jacket or insulation) and for evidence of possible internal damage (e . g., p inched or crushed outer jacket) .    Exposed wiring, and cords with frayed or deteriorated insulation, are immediately removed from service .   	SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK.pdf
15 \| SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOKElectrical Safety Yes No N/A Comments Flexible cords are only used in continuous lengths without splice or tap .    Multiple plug adaptors are not used .    Electrical appliances such as vacuum cleaners, polishers, vending machines, etc ., are grounded .    Non-grounding type receptacles and connectors are not used for grounding-type attachment plugs .    Ground-fault circuit interrupters are installed on each temporary 15 or 20 ampere, 120 volt alternating current (AC) circuit at locations where construction, demolition, modifications, alterations, etc ., a re performed .    Metal cable trays, metal raceways, and metal enclosures for conductors are grounded .    Disconnecting means are always opened before fuses are replaced .    Flexible cords and cables are connected to devices and fittings so that strain relief is provided to prevent pull from being directly transmitted to joints or terminal screws .    Cord, cable, and raceway connections are intact and secure .    Energized parts of electrical circuits and equipment are guarded against accidental contact by approved cabinets or enclosures .    Unused openings (including conduit knockouts) in electrical enclosures and fittings are closed with appropriate covers, plugs, or plates .   	SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK.pdf
16 \| SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOKElectrical Safety Yes No N/A Comments Electrical enclosures such as switches, receptacles, junction boxes, etc ., ar e provided with tight-fitting covers or plates .    The location of electrical power lines and cables (overhead, underground, under floor, other side of walls, etc . ) is d etermined before digging, drilling, or similar work is begun .    Temporary circuits are protected by suitable disconnecting switches or plug connectors at the junction with permanent wiring .    Disconnecting switches for electrical motors in excess of two horsepower are able to open the circuit when the motor is stalled without exploding .    Low voltage protection is provided in the control devices of motors driving machines or equipment that could cause injury from inadvertent starting .    Motor disconnecting switches or circuit breakers are located within sight of the motor control device .    The controller for each motor that exceeds two horsepower is rated equal to, or above, the rating of the motor it serves .    Additional Resources OSHA Regulations: -29 CFR 1910 . 30 3, General Electrical Requirements -29 CFR 1910 . 30 5, Wiring Methods, Components, and Equipment for General Use -29 CFR 1910 . 334, Use of Electrical Equipment OSHA: Electrical NIOSH: Electrical Safety	SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK.pdf
17 \| SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOKErgonomics Ergonomics—fitting the job to the worker—helps prevent musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) . Th ere are several known activities that increase a worker's risk of MSDs, such as frequent lifting of heavy objects, frequently reaching overhead, repetitive forceful pushing and pulling, working in awkward positions, and highly repetitive hand activity like cutting, scanning, and using vibrating hand tools . T his checklist highlights key elements of an ergonomic program that help to identify and reduce the risk of injury and MSDs in the workplace . Ergonomics Yes No N/A Comments Managers demonstrate their leadership in reducing MSDs by encouraging workers to participate in reducing MSDs and providing time and money to eliminate ergonomic risk factors .    Workers participate in the process of identifying and eliminating ergonomic risk factors .    Existing problems have been identified by reviewing OSHA 300 logs, workers' compensation records, first aid logs, accident and near-miss investigation reports, insurance company reports, or employee reports of symptoms .    Workers, supervisors, and managers are trained on the signs and symptoms of MSDs, including how to report early signs and symptoms of MSDs and their role in reducing MSDs .    The effectiveness of training is periodically evaluated with input from workers .    A worksite analysis has been performed to identify ergonomics-related hazards with input from workers .   	SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK.pdf
18 \| SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOKErgonomics Yes No N/A Comments Steps have been taken to reduce the risk of MSDs by implementing engineering controls (e. g., using devices to lift heavy objects, reducing the weight of a load, repositioning workstations), administrative and work practice controls (e . g., ro tating tasks to mitigate factors), and personal protective equipment . E ngineering controls are the most desirable when possible .    Training has been provided on using controls to reduce MSDs .    Workers participate in the evaluation of controls to reduce ergonomic risk factors in their work area .    A qualified health care provider in work-related MSDs has reviewed the medical protocols to manage reports and treatment of MSD signs and symptoms .    A process is in place to periodically evaluate the steps taken to identify and control ergonomic risk factors, including management leadership, employee involvement, training, identification and control of risk factors, and early reporting and treatment of MSD symptoms .    Additional Resources OSHA: Ergonomics (includes information on many specific tasks and industries, including work with computers, retail grocery, nursing homes, meatpacking, foundries, and shipyards) NIOSH: Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Disorders (includes information on elements of an ergonomics program, interventions by industry, selection of non-powered hand tools, and more) NIOSH: Elements of Ergonomics Programs (provides information on ergonomic risk factors, training, collecting health and medical evidence, program implementation, program evaluation, worker recovery, and management commitment/employee involvement)	SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK.pdf
19 \| SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOKExit Routes and Emergency Planning Doors Yes No N/A Comments Doors that are required to serve as exits are designed and constructed so that the path of exit travel is obvious and direct .    Exit doors and doors in the required path to the exit are not locked, blocked, or otherwise obstructed .    Exit doors can be opened from the direction of exit travel without the use of a key, tool, or any special knowledge or effort when the building is occupied .    Exit doors are side-hinged and swing .    No revolving, sliding, or overhead doors serve as required exit doors .    Panic hardware or fire exit hardware installed on a required exit door allows the door to open by applying a force of 15 pounds (6 . 8 0 kilograms) or less in the direction of the exit traffic .    Doors on cold storage rooms are provided with an inside release mechanism that releases the latch and open the door even if the door is padlocked or otherwise locked on the outside .    Where exit doors open directly onto a street, alley, or other area where vehicles may be operated, adequate barriers and warnings are provided to prevent workers from stepping into the path of traffic .   	SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK.pdf
20 \| SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOKDoors Yes No N/A Comments Doors that swing in both directions and are located between rooms where there is frequent traffic are provided with viewing panels in each door .    Glass doors, glass panels in doors, windows, etc., that are subject to human impact, are made of safety glass that meets the requirements for human impact .    Additional Resources OSHA Regulations: -29 CFR 1910 . 35, Compliance with Alternative Exit-Route Codes -29 CFR 1910 . 36, Design and Construction Requirements for Exit Routes -29 CFR 1910 . 37, Maintenance, Safeguards, and Operational Features for Exit Routes OSHA: Design and Construction Requirements for Exit Routes	SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK.pdf
21 \| SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOKEmergency Action Plans Yes No N/A Comments An emergency action plan is in place to guide employer and worker actions during workplace emergencies . NOTE: While an emergency action plan is only required when an OSHA standard requires one, having a plan is a good way to prepare and protect workers and the business during an emergency .    The plan considers all potential natural or man-made emergencies that could disrupt the workplace .    The plan considers all potential internal sources of emergencies that could disrupt the workplace .    The plan considers the impact of these internal and external emergencies on workplace operations and the response is tailored to the workplace .    The plan contains a list of key personnel with contact information as well as contact information for local emergency responders, agencies, and contractors .    The plan contains the names, titles, departments, and telephone numbers of individuals to contact for additional information or an explanation of duties and responsibilities under the plan .    The plan addresses how medical assistance will be provided .   	SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK.pdf
22 \| SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOKEmergency Action Plans Yes No N/A Comments The plan identifies how or where personal information on workers can be obtained in an emergency .    The plan identifies the conditions under which an evacuation would be necessary .    The plan identifies a clear chain of command and designates a person authorized to order an evacuation or shutdown of operations .    The plan addresses the types of actions expected of different workers for the various types of potential emergencies .    The plan designates who, if anyone, will stay to shut down critical operations during an evacuation .    The plan outlines specific evacuation routes and exits and these are posted in the workplace where they are easily accessible to all workers .    The plan address procedures for assisting people during evacuations, particularly those with disabilities or who do not speak English .    The plan identifies one or more assembly areas (as necessary for different types of emergencies) where workers will gather and a method for accounting for all workers .    The plan addresses how visitors will be assisted in evacuation and accounted for .   	SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK.pdf
23 \| SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOKEmergency Action Plans Yes No N/A Comments The plan identifies a preferred method for reporting fires and other emergencies .    The plan describes the method to be used to alert workers, including disabled workers, to evacuate or take other action .    Additional Resources OSHA Regulations: -29 CFR 1910 . 38, Emergency Action Plans -29 CFR 1910 . 39, Fire Prevention Plans OSHA: Evacuation Plans and Procedures OSHA: Emergency Preparedness and Response OSHA: COVID-19 CDC: COVID-19	SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK.pdf
24 \| SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOKExits, Exit Paths (Means of Egress) Yes No N/A Comments There are sufficient exits to permit prompt escape in case of emergency .    The number of exits from each floor or level, and the number of exits from the building itself, are appropriate for the occupant load .    At least two means of egress are provided from elevated platforms, pits, and rooms where the absence of a second exit would increase the risk of injury from hot, poisonous, corrosive, suffocating, flammable, or explosive substances .    Routes (means of egress) to exits, when not immediately apparent, are marked with visible exit signs .    All exits are marked with exit signs that are illuminated either internally or by a reliable light source .    Exit signs are labeled with the word “EXIT” in lettering at least 6 inches (15 . 2 c entimeters) high and the stroke of the lettering at least 3/4 inch (1 . 9 c entimeters) wide .    Doors, passageways and stairways that are neither exits nor access to exits, but could be mistaken for exits, are appropriately marked “NOT AN EXIT,” “TO BASEMENT,” “STOREROOM,” etc .    Emergency lighting, where provided, is tested for 30 seconds each month, and annually for 90 minutes .   	SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK.pdf
25 \| SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOKExits, Exit Paths (Means of Egress) Yes No N/A Comments Ramps that are used as part of required exiting from a building have a slope limited to 1 foot (0 . 30 48 meter) vertical and 12 feet (3. 6576 meters) horizontal .    Additional Resources OSHA Regulations: -29 CFR 1910 . 35, Compliance with Alternative Exit-Route Codes -29 CFR 1910 . 36, Design and Construction Requirements for Exit Routes -29 CFR 1910 . 37, Maintenance, Safeguards, and Operational Features for Exit Routes -29 CFR 1910 . 38, Emergency Action Plans OSHA: Design and Construction Requirements for Exit Routes	SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK.pdf
26 \| SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOKFire Protection Fire Extinguishers Yes No N/A Comments If portable fire extinguishers are provided in the workplace, and designated workers are expected to use them, the workers are provided with initial training in their use and at least annually thereafter .    Portable fire extinguishers of the appropriate types(s) are provided in adequate numbers, and mounted in readily accessible locations . NOTE: Refer to National Fire Protection Association standard #10 (NFPA 10) for guidance on types, numbers, and locations .    Fire extinguishers are selected and provided for the types of materials in the areas where they are to be used . Class A-Ordinary combustible materials . Class B-Flammable liquids, gases or oils . Class C-Energized-electrical equipment . Class D-Combustible metals . Class K-Kitchens; cooking with vegetable or animal oils and fats .    Fire extinguishers are visually inspected monthly, and the inspection is recorded .    Fire extinguisher discharge nozzles are free from obstructions or blockage .    Fire extinguishers are fully charged and in their designated places .    Fire extinguishers receive an annual maintenance check, and the maintenance is recorded .    Additional Resources OSHA Regulations: 29 CFR 1910 . 15 7, Portable Fire Extinguishers OSHA: Portable Fire Extinguishers OSHA: Fire Safety	SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK.pdf
27 \| SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOKFire Suppression and Alarm Systems Yes No N/A Comments Fire alarm system has been certified, is in proper working condition, and is tested annually .    Testing and maintenance of automatic sprinkler systems is performed by a qualified worker or sprinkler contractor .    Automatic sprinkler system water control valves and pressure gages are checked periodically .    Sprinkler heads subject to potential physical damage are protected by metal guards .    Proper clearance (minimum 18 inches) is maintained below sprinkler heads .    Standpipes, fire hoses, and fire hose valves, are inspected regularly and tested annually .    Private fire hydrants are flushed at least once a year and are on a routine preventive maintenance schedule .    Additional Resources OSHA Regulations: -29 CFR 1910 . 15 8, Standpipe and Hose Systems -29 CFR 1910 . 15 9, Automatic Sprinkler Systems -29 CFR 1910 . 16 0, Fixed Extinguishing Systems, General -29 CFR 1910 . 16 1, Fixed Extinguishing Systems, Dry Chemical -29 CFR 1910 . 16 2, Fixed Extinguishing Systems, Gaseous Agent -29 CFR 1910 . 16 3, Fixed Extinguishing Systems, Water Spray and Foam -29 CFR 1910 . 16 4, Fire Detection Systems -29 CFR 1910 . 16 5, Employee Alarm Systems OSHA: Fixed Extinguishing Systems OSHA: Fire Detection Systems OSHA: Employee Alarm Systems	SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK.pdf
28 \| SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOKFlammable and Combustible Liquids and Materials Yes No N/A Comments Combustible scrap, debris and waste materials (oily rags, etc . ) a re stored in covered metal receptacles and promptly removed from the worksite .    Proper storage is practiced to minimize the risk of fire, including spontaneous combustion .    Approved containers and tanks are used to store and handle flammable and combustible liquids .    All connections on drums and combustible liquid piping are vapor and liquid tight .    All flammable liquids are kept in closed containers when not in use (e . g., p arts cleaning tanks, pans, etc . ).    Where flammable liquids are transferred and dispensed, appropriate grounding and bonding methods are used to minimize the generation of static electricity .    Inside storage rooms for flammable and combustible liquids have mechanical or gravity ventilation .    Explosion-proof electrical wiring, lights, and equipment are used, in inside storage rooms used for flammable liquids .    Liquefied petroleum gas is stored, handled, and used in accordance with safe practices and standards .   	SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK.pdf
29 \| SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOKFlammable and Combustible Liquids and Materials Yes No N/A Comments “NO SMOKING” signs are posted on liquefied petroleum gas tanks .    “NO SMOKING” signs are in areas where flammable or combustible materials are used and stored .    Liquefied petroleum storage tanks are guarded to prevent damage from vehicles .    All solvent wastes and flammable liquids kept in fire-resistant, covered containers until they are removed from the worksite .    Safety cans are used for dispensing flammable or combustible liquids at the point of use .    Spills of flammable or combustible liquids are cleaned up promptly .    Storage tanks are adequately vented to prevent the development of excessive vacuum or pressure as a result of filling, emptying, or atmosphere temperature changes .    Storage tanks are equipped with emergency venting that relieve excessive internal pressure caused by fire exposure .    Additional Resources OSHA Regulations -29 CFR 1910 . 10 6, Flammable Liquids -29 CFR 1910 . 10 7, Spray Finishing with Flammable and Combustible Materials	SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK.pdf
30 \| SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOKHand and Portable Powered Tools and Equipment Explosive (Powder) Actuated Fastening Tools Yes No N/A Comments Each worker who operates an explosive-actuated tool is trained in its use and has a valid operator's card .    Explosive-actuated tools are left unloaded until they are ready to be used .    Explosive-actuated tools are inspected for obstructions or defects before use .    Each explosive-actuated tool is stored in its own locked container when not being used .    Workers who operate explosive-actuated tools use appropriate PPE .    A sign at least 7 inches (17 . 78 c entimeters) by 10 inches (25 . 40 c entimeters) with bold face type reading “POWDER-” or “EXPLOSIVE-ACTUATED TOOL IN USE” is conspicuously posted when the tool is being used .    Additional Resources OSHA Regulations: 29 CFR 1910 . 24 3, Guarding of Portable Powered Tools OSHA: Hand and Power Tools	SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK.pdf
31 \| SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOKHand Tools and Equipment Yes No N/A Comments Appropriate safety glasses, face shields, and other PPE are used while using hand tools or equipment that might produce flying materials or be subject to breakage .    All tools and equipment (both company and worker-owned) used at the workplace are in good condition .    Workers have been advised of hazards caused by faulty or improperly used hand tools .    Hand tools, such as chisels, punches, etc., w hich develop mushroomed heads during use are reconditioned or replaced as necessary .    Tools cutting edges are kept sharp so that tools move smoothly without binding or skipping .    Tool handles are wedged tightly into the heads of all tools .    Broken or fractured handles on hammers, axes, and similar equipment are replaced .    Tools are stored in a dry, secure location where tampering is not possible .    Worn or bent wrenches are replaced .    Appropriate handles are used on files and similar tools .    Jacks are inspected to ensure they are in good operating condition .   	SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK.pdf
32 \| SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOKHand Tools and Equipment Yes No N/A Comments Jacks receive appropriate maintenance and are lubricated at regular intervals .    Jacks only lift loads within their rated capacity .    Additional Resources OSHA Regulations: -29 CFR 1910 . 24 2, Hand and Portable Powered Tools and Equipment -29 CFR 1910 . 24 3, Guarding of Portable Powered Tools -29 CFR 1910 . 24 4, Other Portable Tools and Equipment OSHA: Hand and Power Tools	SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK.pdf
33 \| SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOKPortable (Power Operated) Tools and Equipment Yes No N/A Comments Power tools are equipped with proper shields, guards, or attachments, as recommended by the manufacturer .    Grinders, saws and other equipment are provided with appropriate guards .    Portable fans are provided with full guards or screens having openings 1/2 inch (1. 2700 centimeters) or less .    Portable circular saws are equipped with the proper guards above and below the base plate or shoe .    Circular saw guards are checked to ensure that they are not wedged up, leaving the lower portion of the blade unguarded .    Cord-connected, electrically operated tools and equipment are effectively grounded or of the approved double insulated type .    Rotating or moving parts of equipment are guarded to prevent physical contact .    Pneumatic and hydraulic hoses on powder-operated tools are checked regularly for deterioration or damage .    Additional Resources OSHA Regulations: -29 CFR 1910 . 24 2, Hand and Portable Powered Tools and Equipment -29 CFR 1910 . 24 3, Guarding of Portable Powered Tools -29 CFR 1910 . 24 4, Other Portable Tools and Equipment OSHA: Hand and Power Tools NIOSH: Nail Gun Safety NIOSH: Robotics NIOSH: Noise and Hearing Loss Prevention	SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK.pdf
34 \| SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOKHazard Communication and Chemicals Hazard Communication Yes No N/A Comments A written plan has been developed to ensure that workers are informed and understand the hazards of chemicals in the workplace .    A list or inventory of all hazardous chemicals in the workplace has been prepared (including housekeeping/cleaning chemicals) .    Safety Data Sheets (SDS) for each hazardous chemical in the workplace are up-to-date and readily accessible to workers .    Labels are kept on shipped containers; including: product identifier, signal word, hazard statement(s), pictogram(s), precautionary statement(s), and supplier information .    Workplace containers are labeled where required (e . g., chemicals received in large containers that are transferred to smaller containers) .    Workplace signs and other forms of communication are reviewed, revised, and updated as appropriate, such as when new information becomes available .    Workers are trained on the requirements of the hazard communication standard, hazards of chemicals, appropriate protective measures, and where and how to obtain additional information .    Workers are trained on the hazardous chemicals in their work area before initial assignment, and when new hazards are introduced .   	SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK.pdf
35 \| SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOKHazard Communication Yes No N/A Comments Workers understand SDS and where to find them .    Workers understand labels received on shipped containers and details of the workplace labeling system .    The hazard communication program is reviewed periodically to ensure it is meeting its objectives, and is revised/updated as appropriate to address changes in the workplace (e . g., ne w chemicals, new hazards, etc . ).    Additional Resources OSHA Regulations: 29 CFR 1910 . 12 00, Hazard Communication OSHA: Hazard Communication OSHA: Hazard Communication-Small Entity Compliance Guide	SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK.pdf
36 \| SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOKHazardous Chemicals Yes No N/A Comments A written hazardous communication program is in place for the workplace .    Workers have been informed about all operations where hazardous chemicals are present .    Containers of hazardous chemicals are labeled and Safety Data Sheets are available (see Hazard Communication section above) .    Eye-wash fountains and safety showers are provided and maintained in areas where hazardous chemicals are handled .    Chemical piping systems are clearly marked as to their contents .    Worker exposure to hazardous chemicals is kept within acceptable levels .    Medical or biological monitoring systems are in operation for eligible workers (e . g., exposure to cadmium, lead) .    Workers use appropriate personal protective clothing and equipment when handling hazardous chemicals (e . g., gloves, eye/face protection, respirators, etc . ).    Chemicals are kept in closed containers when not in use .    Materials that give off toxic, asphyxiant, suffocating, or anesthetic fumes are stored in remote or isolated locations when not in use .   	SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK.pdf