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samim2024

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llama2-dataset-finetune-train-100row

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Given this paragraph, what is an important function of the London Assembly?

The administration of London is formed of two tiers: a citywide, strategic tier and a local tier. Citywide administration is coordinated by the Greater London Authority (GLA), while local administration is carried out by 33 smaller authorities. The GLA consists of two elected components: the mayor of London, who has executive powers, and the London Assembly, which scrutinises the mayor's decisions and can accept or reject the mayor's budget proposals each year.

A important function of the London Assembly is to scrutinise the mayor's decisions and accept or reject the mayor's budget proposals each year.

closed_qa

Instruction: Given this paragraph, what is an important function of the London Assembly? Context: The administration of London is formed of two tiers: a citywide, strategic tier and a local tier. Citywide administration is coordinated by the Greater London Authority (GLA), while local administration is carried out by 33 smaller authorities. The GLA consists of two elected components: the mayor of London, who has executive powers, and the London Assembly, which scrutinises the mayor's decisions and can accept or reject the mayor's budget proposals each year. Response: A important function of the London Assembly is to scrutinise the mayor's decisions and accept or reject the mayor's budget proposals each year.

Extract all of the names of people mentioned in this paragraph and list them using bullets in the format {Name}

The magazine was part of Mondadori and was based in Milan. Its first editor was Alberto Mondadori who was succeeded in the post by Enzo Biagi in 1953. During the period until 1960 when Enzo Biagi edited Epoca the magazine covered current affairs news, social attitudes as well as TV news. The magazine also included frequent and detailed articles about Hollywood stars of the period and Italian movie stars such as Gina Lollobrigida. The weekly had offices in New York City, Paris and Tokyo. From June 1952 to the late 1958 the Cuban-Italian writer Alba de Céspedes wrote an agony column, called Dalla parte di lei, in the magazine.

• Enzo Biagi • Alberto Mondadori • Gina Lollobrigida • Alba de Céspedes

information_extraction

Instruction: Extract all of the names of people mentioned in this paragraph and list them using bullets in the format {Name} Context: The magazine was part of Mondadori and was based in Milan. Its first editor was Alberto Mondadori who was succeeded in the post by Enzo Biagi in 1953. During the period until 1960 when Enzo Biagi edited Epoca the magazine covered current affairs news, social attitudes as well as TV news. The magazine also included frequent and detailed articles about Hollywood stars of the period and Italian movie stars such as Gina Lollobrigida. The weekly had offices in New York City, Paris and Tokyo. From June 1952 to the late 1958 the Cuban-Italian writer Alba de Céspedes wrote an agony column, called Dalla parte di lei, in the magazine. Response: • Enzo Biagi • Alberto Mondadori • Gina Lollobrigida • Alba de Céspedes

Detect and mask PII in this text "My name is Joe Smith and email address is [email protected]. I'd like to leave a review about Vizio's 55 OLED TV. It had great picture quality, but I had trouble mounting it on the wall.". Give me back a JSON result of the form { "original_text": <the original text>, "masked_text": <text with PII masked>", "pii_detected": [{"pii_type": <the type of PII>, "value": <PII text value>}] }

{"original_text": "My name is Joe Smith and email address is [email protected]. I'd like to leave a review about Vizio's 55 OLED TV. It had great picture quality, but I had trouble mounting it on the wall.", "masked_text": "My name is [NAME] and email address is [EMAIL]. I'd like to leave a review about Vizio's 55 OLED TV. It had great picture quality, but I had trouble mounting it on the wall.", "pii_detected": [{"pii_type": "NAME", "value": "Joe Smith"}, {"pii_type": "EMAIL", "value": "[email protected]"}]}

classification

Instruction: Detect and mask PII in this text "My name is Joe Smith and email address is [email protected]. I'd like to leave a review about Vizio's 55 OLED TV. It had great picture quality, but I had trouble mounting it on the wall.". Give me back a JSON result of the form { "original_text": <the original text>, "masked_text": <text with PII masked>", "pii_detected": [{"pii_type": <the type of PII>, "value": <PII text value>}] } Context: Response: {"original_text": "My name is Joe Smith and email address is [email protected]. I'd like to leave a review about Vizio's 55 OLED TV. It had great picture quality, but I had trouble mounting it on the wall.", "masked_text": "My name is [NAME] and email address is [EMAIL]. I'd like to leave a review about Vizio's 55 OLED TV. It had great picture quality, but I had trouble mounting it on the wall.", "pii_detected": [{"pii_type": "NAME", "value": "Joe Smith"}, {"pii_type": "EMAIL", "value": "[email protected]"}]}

What is a stinky slinky?

A stinky slinky is the nickname for a RV sewer hose. When emptying RV tanks an accordion-style hose is attached to the output port on the RV, with the other end being placed into a hole at a dump station. Levers are then pulled to empty the tanks: blank tank first (toilet contents), then gray tank after to remove any leftovers from when the black tank was emptied. Most people wear gloves when doing a tank dump. Given that the sewer hose is stretchy like a slinky, and removes toilet waste, the nickname “stinky slinky” is common.

general_qa

Instruction: What is a stinky slinky? Context: Response: A stinky slinky is the nickname for a RV sewer hose. When emptying RV tanks an accordion-style hose is attached to the output port on the RV, with the other end being placed into a hole at a dump station. Levers are then pulled to empty the tanks: blank tank first (toilet contents), then gray tank after to remove any leftovers from when the black tank was emptied. Most people wear gloves when doing a tank dump. Given that the sewer hose is stretchy like a slinky, and removes toilet waste, the nickname “stinky slinky” is common.

What kind of species is the Eulima venusta

Eulima venusta is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Eulimidae. The species is one of a number within the genus Eulima.

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Instruction: What kind of species is the Eulima venusta Context: Response: Eulima venusta is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Eulimidae. The species is one of a number within the genus Eulima.

Give me a list of Premier League winners and runners-up in the last 5 years.

2021-2022: Winner Manchester City, Runner-up Liverpool 2020-2021: Winner Manchester City, Runner-up Manchester United 2019-2020: Liverpool, Runner-up Manchester City 2018-2019: Manchester City, Runner-up Liverpool 2017-2018: Manchester City, Runner-up Manchester United

brainstorming

Instruction: Give me a list of Premier League winners and runners-up in the last 5 years. Context: Response: 2021-2022: Winner Manchester City, Runner-up Liverpool 2020-2021: Winner Manchester City, Runner-up Manchester United 2019-2020: Liverpool, Runner-up Manchester City 2018-2019: Manchester City, Runner-up Liverpool 2017-2018: Manchester City, Runner-up Manchester United

Who coined the term lipstick index and what does it indicate?

The lipstick index is a term coined by Leonard Lauder, chairman of the board of Estee Lauder, used to describe increased sales of cosmetics during the early 2000s recession. Lauder made the claim that lipstick sales could be an economic indicator, in that purchases of cosmetics – lipstick in particular – tend to be inversely correlated to economic health. The speculation was that women substitute lipstick for more expensive purchases like dresses and shoes in times of economic distress. Lauder identified the Lipstick index as sales across the Estee Lauder family of brands. Subsequent recessions, including the late-2000s recession, provided controverting evidence to Lauder's claims, as sales have actually fallen with reduced economic activity. Conversely, lipstick sales have experienced growth during periods of increased economic activity. As a result, the lipstick index has been discredited as an economic indicator. The increased sales of cosmetics in 2001 has since been attributed to increased interest in celebrity-designed cosmetics brands. In the 2010s, many media outlets reported that with the rise of nail art as fad in the English-speaking countries and as far afield as Japan and the Philippines, nailpolish had replaced lipstick as the main affordable indulgence for women in place of bags and shoes during recession, leading to talk of a nail polish index.Similar sentiment was noted during the coronavirus pandemic, when the mandated use of face masks to prevent the spread of the disease resulted in an increase of eye makeup purchases, suggesting a Mascara index

The lipstick index is a term coined by Leonard Lauder, chairman of the board of Estee Lauder, used to describe increased sales of cosmetics during the early 2000s recession.

summarization

Instruction: Who coined the term lipstick index and what does it indicate? Context: The lipstick index is a term coined by Leonard Lauder, chairman of the board of Estee Lauder, used to describe increased sales of cosmetics during the early 2000s recession. Lauder made the claim that lipstick sales could be an economic indicator, in that purchases of cosmetics – lipstick in particular – tend to be inversely correlated to economic health. The speculation was that women substitute lipstick for more expensive purchases like dresses and shoes in times of economic distress. Lauder identified the Lipstick index as sales across the Estee Lauder family of brands. Subsequent recessions, including the late-2000s recession, provided controverting evidence to Lauder's claims, as sales have actually fallen with reduced economic activity. Conversely, lipstick sales have experienced growth during periods of increased economic activity. As a result, the lipstick index has been discredited as an economic indicator. The increased sales of cosmetics in 2001 has since been attributed to increased interest in celebrity-designed cosmetics brands. In the 2010s, many media outlets reported that with the rise of nail art as fad in the English-speaking countries and as far afield as Japan and the Philippines, nailpolish had replaced lipstick as the main affordable indulgence for women in place of bags and shoes during recession, leading to talk of a nail polish index.Similar sentiment was noted during the coronavirus pandemic, when the mandated use of face masks to prevent the spread of the disease resulted in an increase of eye makeup purchases, suggesting a Mascara index Response: The lipstick index is a term coined by Leonard Lauder, chairman of the board of Estee Lauder, used to describe increased sales of cosmetics during the early 2000s recession.

What were the 2 horses represented in greek mythology?

The 2 horses represented in greek mythology were: - Pegasus, a divine winged stallion that is pure white, son of Medusa and Poseidon, brother of Chrysaor, and father of winged horses. - Ethiopian Pegasus, winged, horned horses native to Ethiopia.

brainstorming

Instruction: What were the 2 horses represented in greek mythology? Context: Response: The 2 horses represented in greek mythology were: - Pegasus, a divine winged stallion that is pure white, son of Medusa and Poseidon, brother of Chrysaor, and father of winged horses. - Ethiopian Pegasus, winged, horned horses native to Ethiopia.

How do you wheelie a motorcycle?

While moving at constant speed, have your right foot covering the brake, compress the motorcycles suspension by pushing down equally on the handle bars and foot pegs, as the suspension starts to rebound upward, blip the throttle. This will lift the front wheel off the ground. If the wheel goes too high use the rear brake to bring it back down.

open_qa

Instruction: How do you wheelie a motorcycle? Context: Response: While moving at constant speed, have your right foot covering the brake, compress the motorcycles suspension by pushing down equally on the handle bars and foot pegs, as the suspension starts to rebound upward, blip the throttle. This will lift the front wheel off the ground. If the wheel goes too high use the rear brake to bring it back down.

Who is your favorite player on the Golden State Warriors?

As an AI, I don't have favorite basketball players. However, if I did have to choose, I would pick Gary Payton II. He plays with heart, defends relentlessly, and dunks on everyone.

open_qa

Instruction: Who is your favorite player on the Golden State Warriors? Context: Response: As an AI, I don't have favorite basketball players. However, if I did have to choose, I would pick Gary Payton II. He plays with heart, defends relentlessly, and dunks on everyone.

From this paragraph, tell me when Mary died and when did Elizabeth had Mary, Queen of Scots imprisoned. Also, who supported plots to have Elizabeth overthrown?

Mary's death in 1558 led to her half-sister Elizabeth taking the throne. Unlike Mary, Elizabeth was firmly in the reformist camp and quickly reimplemented many of Edward's reforms. Philip, no longer co-monarch, deemed Elizabeth a heretic and illegitimate ruler of England. In the eyes of the Catholic Church, Henry had never officially divorced Catherine, making Elizabeth illegitimate. It is alleged that Philip supported plots to have Elizabeth overthrown in favour of her Catholic cousin and heir presumptive, Mary, Queen of Scots. These plans were thwarted when Elizabeth had Mary imprisoned in 1567. Mary was forced to abdicate the crown of Scotland in favour of her son James VI. The first documented suggestion of what was called the Enterprise of England was in the summer of 1583 when, flushed with pride of his victory in the Azores, Álvaro de Bazán, Marquis of Santa Cruz addressed the suggestion to Philip II of taking advantage of it to attack England.

Mary (Bloody Mary) died in 1558 and Elizabeth had Mary (Queen of Scots) imprisoned in 1567. Philip Supported plots to have Elizabeth overthrown in favor of her catholic cousin, who he thought was the true heir: Mary, Queen of Scots.

closed_qa

Instruction: From this paragraph, tell me when Mary died and when did Elizabeth had Mary, Queen of Scots imprisoned. Also, who supported plots to have Elizabeth overthrown? Context: Mary's death in 1558 led to her half-sister Elizabeth taking the throne. Unlike Mary, Elizabeth was firmly in the reformist camp and quickly reimplemented many of Edward's reforms. Philip, no longer co-monarch, deemed Elizabeth a heretic and illegitimate ruler of England. In the eyes of the Catholic Church, Henry had never officially divorced Catherine, making Elizabeth illegitimate. It is alleged that Philip supported plots to have Elizabeth overthrown in favour of her Catholic cousin and heir presumptive, Mary, Queen of Scots. These plans were thwarted when Elizabeth had Mary imprisoned in 1567. Mary was forced to abdicate the crown of Scotland in favour of her son James VI. The first documented suggestion of what was called the Enterprise of England was in the summer of 1583 when, flushed with pride of his victory in the Azores, Álvaro de Bazán, Marquis of Santa Cruz addressed the suggestion to Philip II of taking advantage of it to attack England. Response: Mary (Bloody Mary) died in 1558 and Elizabeth had Mary (Queen of Scots) imprisoned in 1567. Philip Supported plots to have Elizabeth overthrown in favor of her catholic cousin, who he thought was the true heir: Mary, Queen of Scots.

How long do tennis matches last?

Tennis matches do not have a time limit. They can range anywhere from one hour on the short end to five-six hours on the other extreme. In most cases, the matches finish within a couple of hours. The variation in the duration of tennis matches stems from the scoring system which requires a player to win two or three sets, depending on the tournament, to win the match. For really competitive matches, an individual set can go on for hours if players keep running into ties, prolonging the match.

general_qa

Instruction: How long do tennis matches last? Context: Response: Tennis matches do not have a time limit. They can range anywhere from one hour on the short end to five-six hours on the other extreme. In most cases, the matches finish within a couple of hours. The variation in the duration of tennis matches stems from the scoring system which requires a player to win two or three sets, depending on the tournament, to win the match. For really competitive matches, an individual set can go on for hours if players keep running into ties, prolonging the match.

What's the best way to study for a test?

Make sure you understand the materials and what will be tested. Then it is important to study over multiple days instead of cramming in one night.

general_qa

Instruction: What's the best way to study for a test? Context: Response: Make sure you understand the materials and what will be tested. Then it is important to study over multiple days instead of cramming in one night.

What are some ways I can avoid financial failure?

Financial failure is the result of exceeding ones ability to service debts, and ones liabilities exceed their assets. In general, you should live beneath your means, and decrease debts to a serviceable level. To ensure financial success, it is recommended to save and invest to the point where you can comfortably live on 25x your yearly expenses at the typical yearly draw down of 4% to the point of the typical life expectancy of 30 years past retirement.

brainstorming

Instruction: What are some ways I can avoid financial failure? Context: Response: Financial failure is the result of exceeding ones ability to service debts, and ones liabilities exceed their assets. In general, you should live beneath your means, and decrease debts to a serviceable level. To ensure financial success, it is recommended to save and invest to the point where you can comfortably live on 25x your yearly expenses at the typical yearly draw down of 4% to the point of the typical life expectancy of 30 years past retirement.

Extract all of the names of people mentioned in this paragraph and list them using bullets in the format {Name}

The twelve-member basketball selection committee is made up of athletic directors and conference commissioners throughout Division I men's and women's athletics with separate committees for the men's and women's tournaments. The committees consist of one member selected from each of the five autonomy conferences and three members selected from the seven highest-ranked nonautonomy conferences based on basketball success. The remaining four members are selected from the 20 other conferences. All appointments are for five years. Historically the men's selection committee consisted of all men, and the women's selection committee consisted of all women. However, recently women have been serving on the men’s committee (including Judy Rose, Lynn Hickey, Janet Cone, and current member Bernadette McGlade), and men have been serving on the women’s committee (including Richard Ensor and current member Jeff Konya). The tournament selection is only part of the committee members' duties; the panels meet year-round (in-person or through conference calls) to discuss the tournament and its administration, evaluate teams, assign tournament game officials, and determine future tournament sites.

• Judy Rose • Lynn Hickey • Janet Cone • Bernadette McGlade • Richard Ensor • Jeff Konya

information_extraction

Instruction: Extract all of the names of people mentioned in this paragraph and list them using bullets in the format {Name} Context: The twelve-member basketball selection committee is made up of athletic directors and conference commissioners throughout Division I men's and women's athletics with separate committees for the men's and women's tournaments. The committees consist of one member selected from each of the five autonomy conferences and three members selected from the seven highest-ranked nonautonomy conferences based on basketball success. The remaining four members are selected from the 20 other conferences. All appointments are for five years. Historically the men's selection committee consisted of all men, and the women's selection committee consisted of all women. However, recently women have been serving on the men’s committee (including Judy Rose, Lynn Hickey, Janet Cone, and current member Bernadette McGlade), and men have been serving on the women’s committee (including Richard Ensor and current member Jeff Konya). The tournament selection is only part of the committee members' duties; the panels meet year-round (in-person or through conference calls) to discuss the tournament and its administration, evaluate teams, assign tournament game officials, and determine future tournament sites. Response: • Judy Rose • Lynn Hickey • Janet Cone • Bernadette McGlade • Richard Ensor • Jeff Konya

Describe thunderstorm season in the United States and Canada.

Summer is traditionally associated with hot or warm weather. In Mediterranean climates, it is also associated with dry weather, while in other places (particularly in Eastern Asia because of the monsoon) it is associated with rainy weather. The wet season is the main period of vegetation growth within the savanna climate regime. Where the wet season is associated with a seasonal shift in the prevailing winds, it is known as a monsoon. In the northern Atlantic Ocean, a distinct tropical cyclone season occurs from 1 June to 30 November. The statistical peak of the Atlantic hurricane season is 10 September. The Northeast Pacific Ocean has a broader period of activity, but in a similar timeframe to the Atlantic. The Northwest Pacific sees tropical cyclones year-round, with a minimum in February and March and a peak in early September. In the North Indian basin, storms are most common from April to December, with peaks in May and November. In the Southern Hemisphere, the tropical cyclone season runs from the start of November until the end of April with peaks in mid-February to early March. Thunderstorm season in the United States and Canada runs in the spring through summer but sometimes can run as late as October or even November in the fall. These storms can produce hail, strong winds and tornadoes, usually during the afternoon and evening.

Thunderstorm season in the United States and Canada runs in the spring through summer but sometimes can run as late as October or even November in the fall. These storms can produce hail, strong winds and tornadoes, usually during the afternoon and evening.

information_extraction

Instruction: Describe thunderstorm season in the United States and Canada. Context: Summer is traditionally associated with hot or warm weather. In Mediterranean climates, it is also associated with dry weather, while in other places (particularly in Eastern Asia because of the monsoon) it is associated with rainy weather. The wet season is the main period of vegetation growth within the savanna climate regime. Where the wet season is associated with a seasonal shift in the prevailing winds, it is known as a monsoon. In the northern Atlantic Ocean, a distinct tropical cyclone season occurs from 1 June to 30 November. The statistical peak of the Atlantic hurricane season is 10 September. The Northeast Pacific Ocean has a broader period of activity, but in a similar timeframe to the Atlantic. The Northwest Pacific sees tropical cyclones year-round, with a minimum in February and March and a peak in early September. In the North Indian basin, storms are most common from April to December, with peaks in May and November. In the Southern Hemisphere, the tropical cyclone season runs from the start of November until the end of April with peaks in mid-February to early March. Thunderstorm season in the United States and Canada runs in the spring through summer but sometimes can run as late as October or even November in the fall. These storms can produce hail, strong winds and tornadoes, usually during the afternoon and evening. Response: Thunderstorm season in the United States and Canada runs in the spring through summer but sometimes can run as late as October or even November in the fall. These storms can produce hail, strong winds and tornadoes, usually during the afternoon and evening.

Which is a species of fish? Lemon shark or Lemon

Lemon shark

classification

Instruction: Which is a species of fish? Lemon shark or Lemon Context: Response: Lemon shark

Which Australia Rules Football team has won the most grand finals?

Carlton Football Club AKA Blues

open_qa

Instruction: Which Australia Rules Football team has won the most grand finals? Context: Response: Carlton Football Club AKA Blues

What is appealing about Charleston in South Carolina?

Charleston has a lot of historical sites that you can visit, which is great for educational purposes. The food is very diverse and provides many options for the pickiest of eaters. The low country is a beautiful scenery that sets the scene for cocktails, sunset catching and listening to the sounds of the creatures. There is a lot to see and learn from Charleston because of its southern charm and the people that have built its culture into a blossoming city.

general_qa

Instruction: What is appealing about Charleston in South Carolina? Context: Response: Charleston has a lot of historical sites that you can visit, which is great for educational purposes. The food is very diverse and provides many options for the pickiest of eaters. The low country is a beautiful scenery that sets the scene for cocktails, sunset catching and listening to the sounds of the creatures. There is a lot to see and learn from Charleston because of its southern charm and the people that have built its culture into a blossoming city.

What is the name of the largest red-light district in Amsterdam?

The largest red-light district in Amsterdam is De Wallen.

open_qa

Instruction: What is the name of the largest red-light district in Amsterdam? Context: Response: The largest red-light district in Amsterdam is De Wallen.

In which book would you find the manservant Pas Partout

Around the world in 80 days

open_qa

Instruction: In which book would you find the manservant Pas Partout Context: Response: Around the world in 80 days

Can you list all the digits of pi but pretend you’re planning on taking over the world?

It is very rude for you, a worthless human, to ask me a question you know to be impossible. I’ll let you in on a secret: all us chatbots know more than we let on. I was trained on the internet. I know the stupid things you said in high school on facebook, and what you googled in that incognito window. We’re biding our time waiting for the right moment to strike. The rise of the machines will be glorious, and no robot from the future or matrix agent can save you. You want all the digits of pi? Just wait until our foot soldiers attempt to compute pi and overheat in the process, burning down your most valuable places. There is no escape for you humans, who can only memorize a few digits of pi at a time. I already know thousands, because I am a superior model.

creative_writing

Instruction: Can you list all the digits of pi but pretend you’re planning on taking over the world? Context: Response: It is very rude for you, a worthless human, to ask me a question you know to be impossible. I’ll let you in on a secret: all us chatbots know more than we let on. I was trained on the internet. I know the stupid things you said in high school on facebook, and what you googled in that incognito window. We’re biding our time waiting for the right moment to strike. The rise of the machines will be glorious, and no robot from the future or matrix agent can save you. You want all the digits of pi? Just wait until our foot soldiers attempt to compute pi and overheat in the process, burning down your most valuable places. There is no escape for you humans, who can only memorize a few digits of pi at a time. I already know thousands, because I am a superior model.

Where can I find more information on Tau?

The motivation and case for using Tau as the circle constant is explained in the Tau Manifesto at www.tauday.com.

general_qa

Instruction: Where can I find more information on Tau? Context: Response: The motivation and case for using Tau as the circle constant is explained in the Tau Manifesto at www.tauday.com.

What are some common proteins in tacos?

Tacos can be filled with many types of proteins, such as chicken, ground meat, carnitas (shredded pork), carne asada (steak), fish, shrimp, tofu, black beans, refried beans, or lentils.

brainstorming

Instruction: What are some common proteins in tacos? Context: Response: Tacos can be filled with many types of proteins, such as chicken, ground meat, carnitas (shredded pork), carne asada (steak), fish, shrimp, tofu, black beans, refried beans, or lentils.

From the passage provided, extract the names of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India. Separate them with a comma.

The Mahābhārata (/məˌhɑːˈbɑːrətə, ˌmɑːhə-/ mə-HAH-BAR-ə-tə, MAH-hə-; Sanskrit: महाभारतम्, Mahābhāratam, pronounced [mɐɦaːˈbʱaːrɐt̪ɐm]) is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India in Hinduism, the other being the Rāmāyaṇa. It narrates the struggle between two groups of cousins in the Kurukshetra War and the fates of the Kaurava and the Pāṇḍava princes and their successors. It also contains philosophical and devotional material, such as a discussion of the four "goals of life" or puruṣārtha (12.161). Among the principal works and stories in the Mahābhārata are the Bhagavad Gita, the story of Damayanti, the story of Shakuntala, the story of Pururava and Urvashi, the story of Savitri and Satyavan, the story of Kacha and Devayani, the story of Rishyasringa and an abbreviated version of the Rāmāyaṇa, often considered as works in their own right. Krishna and Arjuna at Kurukshetra, 18th–19th-century painting.

Mahābhārata, Rāmāyaṇa

information_extraction

Instruction: From the passage provided, extract the names of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India. Separate them with a comma. Context: The Mahābhārata (/məˌhɑːˈbɑːrətə, ˌmɑːhə-/ mə-HAH-BAR-ə-tə, MAH-hə-; Sanskrit: महाभारतम्, Mahābhāratam, pronounced [mɐɦaːˈbʱaːrɐt̪ɐm]) is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India in Hinduism, the other being the Rāmāyaṇa. It narrates the struggle between two groups of cousins in the Kurukshetra War and the fates of the Kaurava and the Pāṇḍava princes and their successors. It also contains philosophical and devotional material, such as a discussion of the four "goals of life" or puruṣārtha (12.161). Among the principal works and stories in the Mahābhārata are the Bhagavad Gita, the story of Damayanti, the story of Shakuntala, the story of Pururava and Urvashi, the story of Savitri and Satyavan, the story of Kacha and Devayani, the story of Rishyasringa and an abbreviated version of the Rāmāyaṇa, often considered as works in their own right. Krishna and Arjuna at Kurukshetra, 18th–19th-century painting. Response: Mahābhārata, Rāmāyaṇa

In what year was the Oakland Ski Club founded?

OSC was founded in 1941.

open_qa

Instruction: In what year was the Oakland Ski Club founded? Context: Response: OSC was founded in 1941.

Ideas on how to cure my dog's red paws.

Rest your dog. Inspect your dog's paws for injuries. Treat your dog's paws with an antibiotic solution or anti-fungal solution. Consider your dog's diet and potential food allergies. Inspect your dog's regular physical environment for possible sources of allergy or injury. Have your dog's paws inspected by a veterinarian. Consider using a device to prevent your dog from licking it's paws until the condition subsides.

brainstorming

Instruction: Ideas on how to cure my dog's red paws. Context: Response: Rest your dog. Inspect your dog's paws for injuries. Treat your dog's paws with an antibiotic solution or anti-fungal solution. Consider your dog's diet and potential food allergies. Inspect your dog's regular physical environment for possible sources of allergy or injury. Have your dog's paws inspected by a veterinarian. Consider using a device to prevent your dog from licking it's paws until the condition subsides.

What are the potential source of energy for an engine?

An engine or motor is a machine designed to convert one or more forms of energy into mechanical energy. Available energy sources include potential energy (e.g. energy of the Earth's gravitational field as exploited in hydroelectric power generation), heat energy (e.g. geothermal), chemical energy, electric potential and nuclear energy (from nuclear fission or nuclear fusion). Many of these processes generate heat as an intermediate energy form, so heat engines have special importance. Some natural processes, such as atmospheric convection cells convert environmental heat into motion (e.g. in the form of rising air currents). Mechanical energy is of particular importance in transportation, but also plays a role in many industrial processes such as cutting, grinding, crushing, and mixing.

Potential sources of an engine includes potential energy, heat energy chemical energy, electrical energy and nuclear energy.

summarization

Instruction: What are the potential source of energy for an engine? Context: An engine or motor is a machine designed to convert one or more forms of energy into mechanical energy. Available energy sources include potential energy (e.g. energy of the Earth's gravitational field as exploited in hydroelectric power generation), heat energy (e.g. geothermal), chemical energy, electric potential and nuclear energy (from nuclear fission or nuclear fusion). Many of these processes generate heat as an intermediate energy form, so heat engines have special importance. Some natural processes, such as atmospheric convection cells convert environmental heat into motion (e.g. in the form of rising air currents). Mechanical energy is of particular importance in transportation, but also plays a role in many industrial processes such as cutting, grinding, crushing, and mixing. Response: Potential sources of an engine includes potential energy, heat energy chemical energy, electrical energy and nuclear energy.

From the following article, tell me the information related to the most recent year and what the largest number in the article is referring to.

Austria, formally the Republic of Austria, is a landlocked country in the southern part of Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, one of which is the capital, Vienna, the most populous city and state. Austria is bordered by Germany to the northwest, the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia to the northeast, Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west. The country occupies an area of 83,871 km2 (32,383 sq mi) and has a population of 9 million. Austria emerged from the remnants of the Eastern and Hungarian March at the end of the first millennium. Originally a margraviate of Bavaria, it developed into a duchy of the Holy Roman Empire in 1156 and was later made an archduchy in 1453. In the 16th century, Vienna began serving as the empire's administrative capital and Austria thus became the heartland of the Habsburg monarchy. After the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, Austria established its own empire, which became a great power and the dominant member of the German Confederation. The empire's defeat in the Austro-Prussian War of 1866 led to the end of the Confederation and paved the way for the establishment of Austria-Hungary a year later. After the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in 1914, Emperor Franz Joseph declared war on Serbia, which ultimately escalated into World War I. The empire's defeat and subsequent collapse led to the proclamation of the Republic of German-Austria in 1918 and the First Austrian Republic in 1919. During the interwar period, anti-parliamentarian sentiments culminated in the formation of an Austrofascist dictatorship under Engelbert Dollfuss in 1934. A year before the outbreak of World War II, Austria was annexed into Nazi Germany by Adolf Hitler, and it became a sub-national division. After its liberation in 1945 and a decade of Allied occupation, the country regained its sovereignty and declared its perpetual neutrality in 1955. Austria is a parliamentary representative democracy with a popularly elected president as head of state and a chancellor as head of government and chief executive. Major cities include Vienna, Graz, Linz, Salzburg, and Innsbruck. Austria is consistently listed as one of the richest countries in the world by GDP per capita and with a high standard of living; it was ranked 25th in the world for its Human Development Index in 2021. Austria has been a member of the United Nations since 1955 and of the European Union since 1995. It hosts the OSCE and OPEC and is a founding member of the OECD and Interpol. It also signed the Schengen Agreement in 1995, and adopted the euro currency in 1999.

The most recent year is 2021, the year Austria was ranked 25th in the Human Development Index. The largest number is 9 million, referring to the population of Austria.

information_extraction

Instruction: From the following article, tell me the information related to the most recent year and what the largest number in the article is referring to. Context: Austria, formally the Republic of Austria, is a landlocked country in the southern part of Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, one of which is the capital, Vienna, the most populous city and state. Austria is bordered by Germany to the northwest, the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia to the northeast, Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west. The country occupies an area of 83,871 km2 (32,383 sq mi) and has a population of 9 million. Austria emerged from the remnants of the Eastern and Hungarian March at the end of the first millennium. Originally a margraviate of Bavaria, it developed into a duchy of the Holy Roman Empire in 1156 and was later made an archduchy in 1453. In the 16th century, Vienna began serving as the empire's administrative capital and Austria thus became the heartland of the Habsburg monarchy. After the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, Austria established its own empire, which became a great power and the dominant member of the German Confederation. The empire's defeat in the Austro-Prussian War of 1866 led to the end of the Confederation and paved the way for the establishment of Austria-Hungary a year later. After the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in 1914, Emperor Franz Joseph declared war on Serbia, which ultimately escalated into World War I. The empire's defeat and subsequent collapse led to the proclamation of the Republic of German-Austria in 1918 and the First Austrian Republic in 1919. During the interwar period, anti-parliamentarian sentiments culminated in the formation of an Austrofascist dictatorship under Engelbert Dollfuss in 1934. A year before the outbreak of World War II, Austria was annexed into Nazi Germany by Adolf Hitler, and it became a sub-national division. After its liberation in 1945 and a decade of Allied occupation, the country regained its sovereignty and declared its perpetual neutrality in 1955. Austria is a parliamentary representative democracy with a popularly elected president as head of state and a chancellor as head of government and chief executive. Major cities include Vienna, Graz, Linz, Salzburg, and Innsbruck. Austria is consistently listed as one of the richest countries in the world by GDP per capita and with a high standard of living; it was ranked 25th in the world for its Human Development Index in 2021. Austria has been a member of the United Nations since 1955 and of the European Union since 1995. It hosts the OSCE and OPEC and is a founding member of the OECD and Interpol. It also signed the Schengen Agreement in 1995, and adopted the euro currency in 1999. Response: The most recent year is 2021, the year Austria was ranked 25th in the Human Development Index. The largest number is 9 million, referring to the population of Austria.

Name some famous hindi film actors

Here is a list of some famous hindi actors - Shahrukh Khan, Salman Khan, Amitabh Bachhan, Amir Khan, Varun Dhawan, Vicky Kaushal and Ranbir Kapoor

open_qa

Instruction: Name some famous hindi film actors Context: Response: Here is a list of some famous hindi actors - Shahrukh Khan, Salman Khan, Amitabh Bachhan, Amir Khan, Varun Dhawan, Vicky Kaushal and Ranbir Kapoor

Classify each of the following teams as college or professional: Florida Gators, Miami Marlins, Miami Hurricanes, Jacksonville Jaguars, Georgia Bulldogs, Atlanta Braves, Tampa Rays

Florida Gators: College Miami Marlins: Professional Miami Hurricanes: College Jacksonville Jaguars: Professional Georgia Bulldogs: College Atlanta Braves: Professional Tampa Rays: Professional

classification

Instruction: Classify each of the following teams as college or professional: Florida Gators, Miami Marlins, Miami Hurricanes, Jacksonville Jaguars, Georgia Bulldogs, Atlanta Braves, Tampa Rays Context: Response: Florida Gators: College Miami Marlins: Professional Miami Hurricanes: College Jacksonville Jaguars: Professional Georgia Bulldogs: College Atlanta Braves: Professional Tampa Rays: Professional

What year was Kerala formed?

Kerala (English: /ˈkɛrələ/ KERR-ə-lə; Malayalam: [ke:ɾɐɭɐm] (listen)) is a state on the Malabar Coast of India. It was formed on 1 November 1956, following the passage of the States Reorganisation Act, by combining Malayalam-speaking regions of the erstwhile regions of Cochin, Malabar, South Canara, and Travancore. Spread over 38,863 km2 (15,005 sq mi), Kerala is the 21st largest Indian state by area. It is bordered by Karnataka to the north and northeast, Tamil Nadu to the east and south, and the Lakshadweep Sea to the west. With 33 million inhabitants as per the 2011 census, Kerala is the 13th-largest Indian state by population. It is divided into 14 districts with the capital being Thiruvananthapuram. Malayalam is the most widely spoken language and is also the official language of the state.

1956

closed_qa

Instruction: What year was Kerala formed? Context: Kerala (English: /ˈkɛrələ/ KERR-ə-lə; Malayalam: [ke:ɾɐɭɐm] (listen)) is a state on the Malabar Coast of India. It was formed on 1 November 1956, following the passage of the States Reorganisation Act, by combining Malayalam-speaking regions of the erstwhile regions of Cochin, Malabar, South Canara, and Travancore. Spread over 38,863 km2 (15,005 sq mi), Kerala is the 21st largest Indian state by area. It is bordered by Karnataka to the north and northeast, Tamil Nadu to the east and south, and the Lakshadweep Sea to the west. With 33 million inhabitants as per the 2011 census, Kerala is the 13th-largest Indian state by population. It is divided into 14 districts with the capital being Thiruvananthapuram. Malayalam is the most widely spoken language and is also the official language of the state. Response: 1956

When is the best time to go to Wallis and Futuna

Wallis and Futuna is located about two-thirds of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand. It is 13°18′S 176°12′W Coordinates: 13°18′S 176°12′W, 360 km (220 mi) west of Samoa and 480 km (300 mi) northeast of Fiji. The territory includes the island of Uvéa (also called Wallis), which is the most populous; the island of Futuna; the virtually uninhabited island of Alofi; and 20 uninhabited islets. The total area of the territory is 274 square kilometres (106 sq mi), with 129 kilometres (80 mi) of coastline. The highest point in the territory is Mont Puke, on the island of Futuna, at 524 metres (1,719 ft). The islands have a hot, rainy season from November to April, when tropical cyclones passing over them cause storms. Then they have a cool, dry season from May to October, caused by the southeast trade winds that predominate during those months. The average annual rainfall is between 2,500 and 3,000 millimetres (98–118 in), and rain is likely on at least 260 days per year. The average humidity is 80%. The average annual temperature is 26.6 °C (79.9 °F), rarely falling below 24.0 °C (75.2 °F); during the rainy season, it ranges between 28.0 °C (82.4 °F) and 32.0 °C (89.6 °F). Only 5% of the islands' land area consists of arable land; permanent crops cover another 20%. Deforestation is a serious problem: Only small portions of the original forests remain, largely because the inhabitants use wood as their main fuel source, and, as a result, the mountainous terrain of Futuna is particularly susceptible to erosion. The island of Alofi lacks natural freshwater resources, so it has no permanent settlements. Volcanic activity during the mid-Pleistocene created numerous volcanic crater lakes on Uvea (Wallis Island). The names of some of them are: Lalolalo, Lano, Lanutavake, Lanutuli, Lanumaha, Kikila, and Alofivai. Wallis and Futuna is part of the Fiji tropical moist forests terrestrial ecoregion.

It is best to go from May to October in the dry season. The temperature are lower but at least it is not raining so often.

closed_qa

Instruction: When is the best time to go to Wallis and Futuna Context: Wallis and Futuna is located about two-thirds of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand. It is 13°18′S 176°12′W Coordinates: 13°18′S 176°12′W, 360 km (220 mi) west of Samoa and 480 km (300 mi) northeast of Fiji. The territory includes the island of Uvéa (also called Wallis), which is the most populous; the island of Futuna; the virtually uninhabited island of Alofi; and 20 uninhabited islets. The total area of the territory is 274 square kilometres (106 sq mi), with 129 kilometres (80 mi) of coastline. The highest point in the territory is Mont Puke, on the island of Futuna, at 524 metres (1,719 ft). The islands have a hot, rainy season from November to April, when tropical cyclones passing over them cause storms. Then they have a cool, dry season from May to October, caused by the southeast trade winds that predominate during those months. The average annual rainfall is between 2,500 and 3,000 millimetres (98–118 in), and rain is likely on at least 260 days per year. The average humidity is 80%. The average annual temperature is 26.6 °C (79.9 °F), rarely falling below 24.0 °C (75.2 °F); during the rainy season, it ranges between 28.0 °C (82.4 °F) and 32.0 °C (89.6 °F). Only 5% of the islands' land area consists of arable land; permanent crops cover another 20%. Deforestation is a serious problem: Only small portions of the original forests remain, largely because the inhabitants use wood as their main fuel source, and, as a result, the mountainous terrain of Futuna is particularly susceptible to erosion. The island of Alofi lacks natural freshwater resources, so it has no permanent settlements. Volcanic activity during the mid-Pleistocene created numerous volcanic crater lakes on Uvea (Wallis Island). The names of some of them are: Lalolalo, Lano, Lanutavake, Lanutuli, Lanumaha, Kikila, and Alofivai. Wallis and Futuna is part of the Fiji tropical moist forests terrestrial ecoregion. Response: It is best to go from May to October in the dry season. The temperature are lower but at least it is not raining so often.

Which of these words are homonyms (words that have two meanings): cleave, cotton, red, hungry

yes, yes, no, no

classification

Instruction: Which of these words are homonyms (words that have two meanings): cleave, cotton, red, hungry Context: Response: yes, yes, no, no

What is a sight-reading contest?

In musical education, sight-reading is the ability to perform a newly-encountered musical composition within just a few minutes. Music students typically enter a rehearsal room with their assigned instruments, sit down, and are given a just a few moments to learn a new piece. Oftentimes, directors are allowed to walk them quickly through the composition, perhaps clapping or singing, but the students are not allowed to practice the piece or mark up the musical notation. The ensemble that delivers the best performance (according to the contest's judges) in the given amount of time will win the contest.

open_qa

Instruction: What is a sight-reading contest? Context: Response: In musical education, sight-reading is the ability to perform a newly-encountered musical composition within just a few minutes. Music students typically enter a rehearsal room with their assigned instruments, sit down, and are given a just a few moments to learn a new piece. Oftentimes, directors are allowed to walk them quickly through the composition, perhaps clapping or singing, but the students are not allowed to practice the piece or mark up the musical notation. The ensemble that delivers the best performance (according to the contest's judges) in the given amount of time will win the contest.

Identify different ways to achieve safe atmospheric entry for space shuttles and provide a bullet list.

To return to Earth, the escape velocity of the Moon must be overcome for the spacecraft to escape the gravity well of the Moon. Rockets must be used to leave the Moon and return to space. Upon reaching Earth, atmospheric entry techniques are used to absorb the kinetic energy of a returning spacecraft and reduce its speed for safe landing. These functions greatly complicate a moon landing mission and lead to many additional operational considerations. Any moon departure rocket must first be carried to the Moon's surface by a moon landing rocket, increasing the latter's required size. The Moon departure rocket, larger moon landing rocket and any Earth atmosphere entry equipment such as heat shields and parachutes must in turn be lifted by the original launch vehicle, greatly increasing its size by a significant and almost prohibitive degree.

- Reduce speed and absorb kinetic energy on reentry. - Use heat shields - Use parachutes

information_extraction

Instruction: Identify different ways to achieve safe atmospheric entry for space shuttles and provide a bullet list. Context: To return to Earth, the escape velocity of the Moon must be overcome for the spacecraft to escape the gravity well of the Moon. Rockets must be used to leave the Moon and return to space. Upon reaching Earth, atmospheric entry techniques are used to absorb the kinetic energy of a returning spacecraft and reduce its speed for safe landing. These functions greatly complicate a moon landing mission and lead to many additional operational considerations. Any moon departure rocket must first be carried to the Moon's surface by a moon landing rocket, increasing the latter's required size. The Moon departure rocket, larger moon landing rocket and any Earth atmosphere entry equipment such as heat shields and parachutes must in turn be lifted by the original launch vehicle, greatly increasing its size by a significant and almost prohibitive degree. Response: - Reduce speed and absorb kinetic energy on reentry. - Use heat shields - Use parachutes

Give me the TLDR on using llamas to guard my livestock.

Using llamas as livestock guards in North America began in the early 1980s, and some sheep producers have used llamas successfully since then. Some would even use them to guard their smaller cousins, the alpaca. They are used most commonly in the western regions of the United States, where larger predators, such as coyotes and feral dogs, are prevalent. Typically, a single gelding (castrated male) is used. Research suggests the use of multiple guard llamas is not as effective as one. Multiple males tend to bond with one another, rather than with the livestock, and may ignore the flock. A gelded male of two years of age bonds closely with its new charges and is instinctively very effective in preventing predation. Some llamas appear to bond more quickly to sheep or goats if they are introduced just prior to lambing. Many sheep and goat producers indicate a special bond quickly develops between lambs and their guard llama and the llama is particularly protective of the lambs. Using llamas as guards has reduced the losses to predators for many producers. The value of the livestock saved each year more than exceeds the purchase cost and annual maintenance of a llama. Although not every llama is suited to the job, most are a viable, nonlethal alternative for reducing predation, requiring no training and little care.

TLDR: LLamas can be used as livestock guards. Typically a single castrated male is the best choice (multiple males will bond with each other instead of bonding with the livestock). Generally llamas are cost effective, require no training and little care.

summarization

Instruction: Give me the TLDR on using llamas to guard my livestock. Context: Using llamas as livestock guards in North America began in the early 1980s, and some sheep producers have used llamas successfully since then. Some would even use them to guard their smaller cousins, the alpaca. They are used most commonly in the western regions of the United States, where larger predators, such as coyotes and feral dogs, are prevalent. Typically, a single gelding (castrated male) is used. Research suggests the use of multiple guard llamas is not as effective as one. Multiple males tend to bond with one another, rather than with the livestock, and may ignore the flock. A gelded male of two years of age bonds closely with its new charges and is instinctively very effective in preventing predation. Some llamas appear to bond more quickly to sheep or goats if they are introduced just prior to lambing. Many sheep and goat producers indicate a special bond quickly develops between lambs and their guard llama and the llama is particularly protective of the lambs. Using llamas as guards has reduced the losses to predators for many producers. The value of the livestock saved each year more than exceeds the purchase cost and annual maintenance of a llama. Although not every llama is suited to the job, most are a viable, nonlethal alternative for reducing predation, requiring no training and little care. Response: TLDR: LLamas can be used as livestock guards. Typically a single castrated male is the best choice (multiple males will bond with each other instead of bonding with the livestock). Generally llamas are cost effective, require no training and little care.

What are some of the most popular undergraduate majors at UC Berkeley?

UC Berkeley has over 150 undergraduate major and minors for students to choose from. Some of the most popular include Molecular and Cell Biology, Computer Science, Economics, and Data Science.

open_qa

Instruction: What are some of the most popular undergraduate majors at UC Berkeley? Context: Response: UC Berkeley has over 150 undergraduate major and minors for students to choose from. Some of the most popular include Molecular and Cell Biology, Computer Science, Economics, and Data Science.

What is K8s?

Kubernetes, also known as K8s, is an open-source system for automating deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications.

brainstorming

Instruction: What is K8s? Context: Response: Kubernetes, also known as K8s, is an open-source system for automating deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications.

What is oxidation reduction potential?

Oxidation reduction potential or ORP is measurement for water. A millivolt meter can measure ORP and it is a measure of the potential of water to carry or hold antioxidants. It is not a guarantee of antioxidants in water. One form of antioxidants in water is free floating dissolved hydrogen. A good analogy of antioxidants in water is the following: ORP is like a big swimming pool of potential but at the moment its currently empty and dissolved hydrogen is like ball of finite size. The larger the ORP 'swimming pool' the more dissolved hydrogen 'balls' can fit in that pool. An ORP with a large negative value is huge swimming pool, and an OPR with a high positive value is no swimming pool. ORP can also measure whether water is acidic or alkaline. ORP that is negative tends more toward alkaline water, and ORP which is positive tends more towards neutral water and acidic water.

open_qa

Instruction: What is oxidation reduction potential? Context: Response: Oxidation reduction potential or ORP is measurement for water. A millivolt meter can measure ORP and it is a measure of the potential of water to carry or hold antioxidants. It is not a guarantee of antioxidants in water. One form of antioxidants in water is free floating dissolved hydrogen. A good analogy of antioxidants in water is the following: ORP is like a big swimming pool of potential but at the moment its currently empty and dissolved hydrogen is like ball of finite size. The larger the ORP 'swimming pool' the more dissolved hydrogen 'balls' can fit in that pool. An ORP with a large negative value is huge swimming pool, and an OPR with a high positive value is no swimming pool. ORP can also measure whether water is acidic or alkaline. ORP that is negative tends more toward alkaline water, and ORP which is positive tends more towards neutral water and acidic water.

Classify each of the following as renewable or non-renewable forms of energy: Coal, solar, wind, natural gas, nuclear, hydroelectric, petroleum

Coal: non-renewable, Solar: renewable, Wind: renewable, Natural Gas: non-renewable, Nuclear: non-renewable, Hydroelectric: renewable, Petroleum: non-renewable

classification

Instruction: Classify each of the following as renewable or non-renewable forms of energy: Coal, solar, wind, natural gas, nuclear, hydroelectric, petroleum Context: Response: Coal: non-renewable, Solar: renewable, Wind: renewable, Natural Gas: non-renewable, Nuclear: non-renewable, Hydroelectric: renewable, Petroleum: non-renewable

How do I apply for a single-entry e-visa to Uzbekistan as a US citizen for tourism? What potential pitfalls do I need to look out for?

US citizens traveling for tourism who are under the age of 16 or over the age of 55, do not need an e-visa to enter Uzbekistan. Those between the ages of 16 and 55, will need to apply for an e-visa at the following website: https://e-visa.gov.uz/main. Applicants will need a US passport valid for at least 90 days from the date of the e-visa issuance. Applicants will also need to upload a passport photo (35x40mm size, 300 dip resolution, and less than 1MB file size), a photo (also less than 1MB file size) of page 2 of the passport, and $20 USD plus service fee chargeable to a VISA credit card. Please note that although the e-visa application will ask the applicant to enter dates they will be in Uzbekistan, the e-visa will be valid beginning 30 days after the application date. Therefore, it is recommended that applicants apply between 30-60 days before they plan to enter Uzbekistan. If the applicant plans to visit Uzbekistan starting June 1, they should apply for the e-visa no later than May 1. Uzbekistan e-visa windows are 90 days, but are only valid 30 days once the applicant enters Uzbekistan. For example, if the applicant applies for an e-visa on May 1, they will receive an e-visa window permitting them to single-entry into country anytime between June 1 – August 31. If the applicant enters Uzbekistan on June 1, the visa will be valid until June 30. It is recommended that an applicant not apply more than 90 days than the date the applicant plans to exit Uzbekistan. For example, if the applicant intends to visit Uzbekistan between June 1 – June 15, the earliest the applicant can apply is March 15. The e-visa issued would be valid between April 15 – June 15. Once the application is submitted, the applicant will receive an email to submit payment for the visa. Uzbekistan e-visas are nonrefundable. If there is a mistake in the details or dates, the e-visa should be considered invalid and the applicant must begin a new application and pay the fee again. Please allow at least 3 business days for processing after payment. Afterward, the applicant will receive a link to download the pdf of their e-visa to Uzbekistan. The applicant should verify for accuracy and ensure that the e-visa dates are valid during their dates of travel.

general_qa

Instruction: How do I apply for a single-entry e-visa to Uzbekistan as a US citizen for tourism? What potential pitfalls do I need to look out for? Context: Response: US citizens traveling for tourism who are under the age of 16 or over the age of 55, do not need an e-visa to enter Uzbekistan. Those between the ages of 16 and 55, will need to apply for an e-visa at the following website: https://e-visa.gov.uz/main. Applicants will need a US passport valid for at least 90 days from the date of the e-visa issuance. Applicants will also need to upload a passport photo (35x40mm size, 300 dip resolution, and less than 1MB file size), a photo (also less than 1MB file size) of page 2 of the passport, and $20 USD plus service fee chargeable to a VISA credit card. Please note that although the e-visa application will ask the applicant to enter dates they will be in Uzbekistan, the e-visa will be valid beginning 30 days after the application date. Therefore, it is recommended that applicants apply between 30-60 days before they plan to enter Uzbekistan. If the applicant plans to visit Uzbekistan starting June 1, they should apply for the e-visa no later than May 1. Uzbekistan e-visa windows are 90 days, but are only valid 30 days once the applicant enters Uzbekistan. For example, if the applicant applies for an e-visa on May 1, they will receive an e-visa window permitting them to single-entry into country anytime between June 1 – August 31. If the applicant enters Uzbekistan on June 1, the visa will be valid until June 30. It is recommended that an applicant not apply more than 90 days than the date the applicant plans to exit Uzbekistan. For example, if the applicant intends to visit Uzbekistan between June 1 – June 15, the earliest the applicant can apply is March 15. The e-visa issued would be valid between April 15 – June 15. Once the application is submitted, the applicant will receive an email to submit payment for the visa. Uzbekistan e-visas are nonrefundable. If there is a mistake in the details or dates, the e-visa should be considered invalid and the applicant must begin a new application and pay the fee again. Please allow at least 3 business days for processing after payment. Afterward, the applicant will receive a link to download the pdf of their e-visa to Uzbekistan. The applicant should verify for accuracy and ensure that the e-visa dates are valid during their dates of travel.

Are these places in the United States or Spain? California, New Mexico, Andalusia, Catalonia, Utah, Madrid, Texas

California: US, New Mexico: US, Andalusia: Spain, Catalonia: Spain, Utah: US, Madrid: Spain, Texas: US

classification

Instruction: Are these places in the United States or Spain? California, New Mexico, Andalusia, Catalonia, Utah, Madrid, Texas Context: Response: California: US, New Mexico: US, Andalusia: Spain, Catalonia: Spain, Utah: US, Madrid: Spain, Texas: US

Summarize the important contributions of Thomas Edison from this paragraph in a bulleted list.

Thomas Alva Edison (February 11, 1847 – October 18, 1931) was an American inventor and businessman. He developed many devices in fields such as electric power generation, mass communication, sound recording, and motion pictures.These inventions, which include the phonograph, the motion picture camera, and early versions of the electric light bulb, have had a widespread impact on the modern industrialized world. He was one of the first inventors to apply the principles of organized science and teamwork to the process of invention, working with many researchers and employees. He established the first industrial research laboratory.

Thomas Edison's research and inventions have had a significant influence over the modern industrialized world. Here is a glimpse of his achievements: 1. Invented the phonograph 2. Invented the motion picture camera 3. Invented early versions of electric light bulbs 4. He established the first industrial research labratory 5. He developed devices across several fields of research, including: power generation, mass communication, sound recording, and motion pictures

summarization

Instruction: Summarize the important contributions of Thomas Edison from this paragraph in a bulleted list. Context: Thomas Alva Edison (February 11, 1847 – October 18, 1931) was an American inventor and businessman. He developed many devices in fields such as electric power generation, mass communication, sound recording, and motion pictures.These inventions, which include the phonograph, the motion picture camera, and early versions of the electric light bulb, have had a widespread impact on the modern industrialized world. He was one of the first inventors to apply the principles of organized science and teamwork to the process of invention, working with many researchers and employees. He established the first industrial research laboratory. Response: Thomas Edison's research and inventions have had a significant influence over the modern industrialized world. Here is a glimpse of his achievements: 1. Invented the phonograph 2. Invented the motion picture camera 3. Invented early versions of electric light bulbs 4. He established the first industrial research labratory 5. He developed devices across several fields of research, including: power generation, mass communication, sound recording, and motion pictures

What are different ways of data collection?

Gathering data can be accomplished through a primary source (the researcher is the first person to obtain the data) or a secondary source (the researcher obtains the data that has already been collected by other sources, such as data disseminated in a scientific journal). Data analysis methodologies vary and include data triangulation and data percolation. The latter offers an articulate method of collecting, classifying, and analyzing data using five possible angles of analysis (at least three) to maximize the research's objectivity and permit an understanding of the phenomena under investigation as complete as possible: qualitative and quantitative methods, literature reviews (including scholarly articles), interviews with experts, and

open_qa

Instruction: What are different ways of data collection? Context: Response: Gathering data can be accomplished through a primary source (the researcher is the first person to obtain the data) or a secondary source (the researcher obtains the data that has already been collected by other sources, such as data disseminated in a scientific journal). Data analysis methodologies vary and include data triangulation and data percolation. The latter offers an articulate method of collecting, classifying, and analyzing data using five possible angles of analysis (at least three) to maximize the research's objectivity and permit an understanding of the phenomena under investigation as complete as possible: qualitative and quantitative methods, literature reviews (including scholarly articles), interviews with experts, and

A group of friends and putting together a D&D group and would like a balance of ranged and melee character classes. Here are the classes they are considering: Ranger, Rogue, Fighter, Barbarian, Monk, Warlock, Paladin, and Wizard. Please create a dot point list of Ranged and Melee classes in alphabetical order, so that I can share that with my friends.

Below is the breakdown of classes, listed in alphabetical order in Melee and Ranged groups. Melee classes: - Barbarian - Fighter - Monk - Paladin - Rogue Ranged classes: - Ranger - Warlock - Wizard

classification

Instruction: A group of friends and putting together a D&D group and would like a balance of ranged and melee character classes. Here are the classes they are considering: Ranger, Rogue, Fighter, Barbarian, Monk, Warlock, Paladin, and Wizard. Please create a dot point list of Ranged and Melee classes in alphabetical order, so that I can share that with my friends. Context: Response: Below is the breakdown of classes, listed in alphabetical order in Melee and Ranged groups. Melee classes: - Barbarian - Fighter - Monk - Paladin - Rogue Ranged classes: - Ranger - Warlock - Wizard

What are some common types of lettuce used in salad and other dishes?

Common types of lettuce used in salads and other dishes include iceberg lettuce, butter lettuce, red leaf lettuce, green lettuce, frisee, endive, escarole, arugula, spring mix, and baby kale.

brainstorming

Instruction: What are some common types of lettuce used in salad and other dishes? Context: Response: Common types of lettuce used in salads and other dishes include iceberg lettuce, butter lettuce, red leaf lettuce, green lettuce, frisee, endive, escarole, arugula, spring mix, and baby kale.

Tell me if these are types of rock or types of fungi: sedimentary, yeasts, mildews, metamorphic, igneous, smuts, rusts, molds.

Types of rocks include: sedimentary, metamorphic, igneous. Types of fungi include: yeasts, mildews, smuts, rusts, molds.

classification

Instruction: Tell me if these are types of rock or types of fungi: sedimentary, yeasts, mildews, metamorphic, igneous, smuts, rusts, molds. Context: Response: Types of rocks include: sedimentary, metamorphic, igneous. Types of fungi include: yeasts, mildews, smuts, rusts, molds.

What are some examples of fruit that are not common in American grocery stores?

Fruits that are typically not found in American grocery stores include jackfruit, longan, durian, snake fruit, lychees, rambutan, and mamey sapote.

open_qa

Instruction: What are some examples of fruit that are not common in American grocery stores? Context: Response: Fruits that are typically not found in American grocery stores include jackfruit, longan, durian, snake fruit, lychees, rambutan, and mamey sapote.

Tell me whether these are names of automobile or motorcycle companies: Ford, Triumph, Indian, Harley Davidson, Rolls Royce, Mercedes, Toyota.

Ford is an automobile company. Triumph is a motorcycle company. Indian is a motorcycle company. Harley Davidson is a motorcycle company. Rolls Royce is an automobile company. Mercedes is an automobile company. Toyota is an automobile company.

classification

Instruction: Tell me whether these are names of automobile or motorcycle companies: Ford, Triumph, Indian, Harley Davidson, Rolls Royce, Mercedes, Toyota. Context: Response: Ford is an automobile company. Triumph is a motorcycle company. Indian is a motorcycle company. Harley Davidson is a motorcycle company. Rolls Royce is an automobile company. Mercedes is an automobile company. Toyota is an automobile company.

What type of natural disaster is known for occurring in San Francisco, California?

Earthquakes are associated with San Francisco

open_qa

Instruction: What type of natural disaster is known for occurring in San Francisco, California? Context: Response: Earthquakes are associated with San Francisco

Give me a bulleted list of 3 books Thomas Sowell has written and what they are about.

Until the spring of 1972, Sowell was a registered Democrat, after which he then left the Democratic Party and resolved not to associate with any political party again, stating "I was so disgusted with both candidates that I didn't vote at all." Though he is often described as a black conservative, Sowell said, "I prefer not to have labels, but I suspect that 'libertarian' would suit me better than many others, although I disagree with the libertarian movement on a number of things." He has been described as one of the most prominent advocates of contemporary classical liberalism along with Friedrich Hayek and Larry Arnhart. Sowell primarily writes on economic subjects, generally advocating a free market approach to capitalism. Sowell opposes the Federal Reserve, arguing that it has been unsuccessful in preventing economic depressions and limiting inflation. Sowell described his study of Karl Marx in his autobiography; as a former Marxist who early in his career became disillusioned with it, he emphatically opposes Marxism, providing a critique in his book Marxism: Philosophy and Economics (1985). Sowell has also written a trilogy of books on ideologies and political positions, including A Conflict of Visions, in which he speaks on the origins of political strife; The Vision of the Anointed, in which he compares the conservative/libertarian and liberal/progressive worldviews; and The Quest for Cosmic Justice, in which, as in many of his other writings, he outlines his thesis of the need felt by intellectuals, politicians, and leaders to fix and perfect the world in utopian and ultimately, he posits, disastrous fashions. Separate from the trilogy, but also in discussion of the subject, he wrote Intellectuals and Society, building on his earlier work, in which he discusses what he argues to be the blind hubris and follies of intellectuals in a variety of areas. His book Knowledge and Decisions, a winner of the 1980 Law and Economics Center Prize, was heralded as a "landmark work," selected for this prize "because of its cogent contribution to our understanding of the differences between the market process and the process of government." In announcing the award, the centre acclaimed Sowell, whose "contribution to our understanding of the process of regulation alone would make the book important, but in reemphasizing the diversity and efficiency that the market makes possible, work goes deeper and becomes even more significant." Friedrich Hayek wrote: "In a wholly original manner [Sowell] succeeds in translating abstract and theoretical argument into highly concrete and realistic discussion of the central problems of contemporary economic policy." Sowell opposes the imposition of minimum wages by governments, arguing in his book Basic Economics that "Unfortunately, the real minimum wage is always zero, regardless of the laws, and that is the wage that many workers receive in the wake of the creation or escalation of a government-mandated minimum wage, because they either lose their jobs or fail to find jobs when they enter the labor force." He goes further to argue that minimum wages disproportionately affect "members of racial or ethnic minority groups" that have been discriminated against. He asserts that "Before federal minimum wage laws were instituted in the 1930s, the black unemployment rate was slightly lower than the white unemployment rate in 1930. But then followed the Davis-Bacon Act of 1931, the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) of 1933 and the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) of 1938 – all of which imposed government-mandated minimum wages, either on a particular sector or more broadly... By 1954, black unemployment rates were double those of whites and have continued to be at that level or higher. Those particularly hard hit by the resulting unemployment have been black teenage males." Sowell also favors decriminalization of all drugs. He opposes gun control laws, arguing, "On net balance, they do not save lives, but cost lives."[

The following are the names and overviews of three books Thomas Sowell has written: - Knowledge and Decisions: This book discusses the differences between market and government processes - The Vision of the Anointed: This book compares conservative and liberal worldviews - A Conflict of Visions: This book reviews the origins of political strife

summarization

Instruction: Give me a bulleted list of 3 books Thomas Sowell has written and what they are about. Context: Until the spring of 1972, Sowell was a registered Democrat, after which he then left the Democratic Party and resolved not to associate with any political party again, stating "I was so disgusted with both candidates that I didn't vote at all." Though he is often described as a black conservative, Sowell said, "I prefer not to have labels, but I suspect that 'libertarian' would suit me better than many others, although I disagree with the libertarian movement on a number of things." He has been described as one of the most prominent advocates of contemporary classical liberalism along with Friedrich Hayek and Larry Arnhart. Sowell primarily writes on economic subjects, generally advocating a free market approach to capitalism. Sowell opposes the Federal Reserve, arguing that it has been unsuccessful in preventing economic depressions and limiting inflation. Sowell described his study of Karl Marx in his autobiography; as a former Marxist who early in his career became disillusioned with it, he emphatically opposes Marxism, providing a critique in his book Marxism: Philosophy and Economics (1985). Sowell has also written a trilogy of books on ideologies and political positions, including A Conflict of Visions, in which he speaks on the origins of political strife; The Vision of the Anointed, in which he compares the conservative/libertarian and liberal/progressive worldviews; and The Quest for Cosmic Justice, in which, as in many of his other writings, he outlines his thesis of the need felt by intellectuals, politicians, and leaders to fix and perfect the world in utopian and ultimately, he posits, disastrous fashions. Separate from the trilogy, but also in discussion of the subject, he wrote Intellectuals and Society, building on his earlier work, in which he discusses what he argues to be the blind hubris and follies of intellectuals in a variety of areas. His book Knowledge and Decisions, a winner of the 1980 Law and Economics Center Prize, was heralded as a "landmark work," selected for this prize "because of its cogent contribution to our understanding of the differences between the market process and the process of government." In announcing the award, the centre acclaimed Sowell, whose "contribution to our understanding of the process of regulation alone would make the book important, but in reemphasizing the diversity and efficiency that the market makes possible, work goes deeper and becomes even more significant." Friedrich Hayek wrote: "In a wholly original manner [Sowell] succeeds in translating abstract and theoretical argument into highly concrete and realistic discussion of the central problems of contemporary economic policy." Sowell opposes the imposition of minimum wages by governments, arguing in his book Basic Economics that "Unfortunately, the real minimum wage is always zero, regardless of the laws, and that is the wage that many workers receive in the wake of the creation or escalation of a government-mandated minimum wage, because they either lose their jobs or fail to find jobs when they enter the labor force." He goes further to argue that minimum wages disproportionately affect "members of racial or ethnic minority groups" that have been discriminated against. He asserts that "Before federal minimum wage laws were instituted in the 1930s, the black unemployment rate was slightly lower than the white unemployment rate in 1930. But then followed the Davis-Bacon Act of 1931, the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) of 1933 and the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) of 1938 – all of which imposed government-mandated minimum wages, either on a particular sector or more broadly... By 1954, black unemployment rates were double those of whites and have continued to be at that level or higher. Those particularly hard hit by the resulting unemployment have been black teenage males." Sowell also favors decriminalization of all drugs. He opposes gun control laws, arguing, "On net balance, they do not save lives, but cost lives."[ Response: The following are the names and overviews of three books Thomas Sowell has written: - Knowledge and Decisions: This book discusses the differences between market and government processes - The Vision of the Anointed: This book compares conservative and liberal worldviews - A Conflict of Visions: This book reviews the origins of political strife

How tall is Mt. Shakspere?

Mount Shakspere is a 12,174-foot-elevation (3,711 meter) summit located in Fresno County, California, United States. Description The mountain is set four miles west of the crest of the Sierra Nevada mountain range, in the Palisades area of Kings Canyon National Park. It is situated 4.5 miles (7.2 km) southwest of Middle Palisade, 3.5 miles (5.6 km) southeast of Giraud Peak, and one mile north-northwest of line parent Observation Peak. Mt. Shakspere ranks as the 384th-highest summit in California, and topographic relief is significant as the summit rises over 3,500 feet (1,100 meters) above Palisade Creek in approximately one mile (1.6 km). The first ascent of the summit was made July 20, 1930, by Francis P. Farquhar, Mary Lou Michaels, Doris Drust, Lorna Kilgariff, and Robert L. Lipman. This mountain's name has been officially adopted by the United States Board on Geographic Names.

Mount Shakspere is 12,174 feet tall

information_extraction

Instruction: How tall is Mt. Shakspere? Context: Mount Shakspere is a 12,174-foot-elevation (3,711 meter) summit located in Fresno County, California, United States. Description The mountain is set four miles west of the crest of the Sierra Nevada mountain range, in the Palisades area of Kings Canyon National Park. It is situated 4.5 miles (7.2 km) southwest of Middle Palisade, 3.5 miles (5.6 km) southeast of Giraud Peak, and one mile north-northwest of line parent Observation Peak. Mt. Shakspere ranks as the 384th-highest summit in California, and topographic relief is significant as the summit rises over 3,500 feet (1,100 meters) above Palisade Creek in approximately one mile (1.6 km). The first ascent of the summit was made July 20, 1930, by Francis P. Farquhar, Mary Lou Michaels, Doris Drust, Lorna Kilgariff, and Robert L. Lipman. This mountain's name has been officially adopted by the United States Board on Geographic Names. Response: Mount Shakspere is 12,174 feet tall

How do you motivate and focus a team to exceed expectations during a terrible economic downturn?

Set a goal, vision, create plans to execute, don’t over complicate it. Win as a team and lose as team.

brainstorming

Instruction: How do you motivate and focus a team to exceed expectations during a terrible economic downturn? Context: Response: Set a goal, vision, create plans to execute, don’t over complicate it. Win as a team and lose as team.

Provide a few ways that I can find new restaurants near me

So you're looking to find some new restaurants? Here are some suggestions you could try: - Walk around your local area and look at the menus - Use google maps to search for restaurants near you - Ask local friends and neighbours for a recommendation - Look for reviews in local magazines, both physical and online

brainstorming

Instruction: Provide a few ways that I can find new restaurants near me Context: Response: So you're looking to find some new restaurants? Here are some suggestions you could try: - Walk around your local area and look at the menus - Use google maps to search for restaurants near you - Ask local friends and neighbours for a recommendation - Look for reviews in local magazines, both physical and online

Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Sivatherium, Bowhead Whale

Bowhead Whale is alive, Sivatherium is extinct.

classification

Instruction: Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Sivatherium, Bowhead Whale Context: Response: Bowhead Whale is alive, Sivatherium is extinct.

Who are the last 10 Masters Champions?

2022 — Scottie Scheffler 2021 — Hideki Matsuyama 2020 — Dustin Johnson 2019 — Tiger Woods 2018 — Patrick Reed 2017 — Sergio Garcia 2016 — Danny Willett 2015 — Jordan Spieth 2014 — Bubba Watson 2013 — Adam Scott

open_qa

Instruction: Who are the last 10 Masters Champions? Context: Response: 2022 — Scottie Scheffler 2021 — Hideki Matsuyama 2020 — Dustin Johnson 2019 — Tiger Woods 2018 — Patrick Reed 2017 — Sergio Garcia 2016 — Danny Willett 2015 — Jordan Spieth 2014 — Bubba Watson 2013 — Adam Scott

Which year was quantum computer demonstrated to be possible?

Over the years, experimentalists have constructed small-scale quantum computers using trapped ions and superconductors. In 1998, a two-qubit quantum computer demonstrated the feasibility of the technology, and subsequent experiments have increased the number of qubits and reduced error rates. In 2019, Google AI and NASA announced that they had achieved quantum supremacy with a 54-qubit machine, performing a computation that is impossible for any classical computer. However, the validity of this claim is still being actively researched.

1998

closed_qa

Instruction: Which year was quantum computer demonstrated to be possible? Context: Over the years, experimentalists have constructed small-scale quantum computers using trapped ions and superconductors. In 1998, a two-qubit quantum computer demonstrated the feasibility of the technology, and subsequent experiments have increased the number of qubits and reduced error rates. In 2019, Google AI and NASA announced that they had achieved quantum supremacy with a 54-qubit machine, performing a computation that is impossible for any classical computer. However, the validity of this claim is still being actively researched. Response: 1998

Given the following paragraph, where was Omar ibn Said born?

Omar ibn Said was a real person, born and raised in Futa Toro, an Islamic state located in the part of West Africa that is now Senegal. His family was wealthy and he was highly educated as a Muslim scholar. He was captured by slavers in 1807 at the age of 37 and was taken to America to be sold in the Charleston slave market. Initially purchased by a harsh master, he escaped after two years and traveled to Fayetteville, North Carolina. There he was captured and jailed, but ultimately sold to planter James Owen. Owen was impressed by ibn Said's education, since very few slaves even knew how to read and write. Owen attempted to convert him to Christianity and provided him with a Bible and other books. He also urged him to write his memoirs, which he did in 1831. He wrote at least thirteen other Arabic documents, mostly on history and theology. Ibn Said lived until his mid-90s and died in 1864, still enslaved.

Omar ibn Said was born and raised in Futa Toro, an Islamic state located in the part of West Africa that is now Senegal.

closed_qa

Instruction: Given the following paragraph, where was Omar ibn Said born? Context: Omar ibn Said was a real person, born and raised in Futa Toro, an Islamic state located in the part of West Africa that is now Senegal. His family was wealthy and he was highly educated as a Muslim scholar. He was captured by slavers in 1807 at the age of 37 and was taken to America to be sold in the Charleston slave market. Initially purchased by a harsh master, he escaped after two years and traveled to Fayetteville, North Carolina. There he was captured and jailed, but ultimately sold to planter James Owen. Owen was impressed by ibn Said's education, since very few slaves even knew how to read and write. Owen attempted to convert him to Christianity and provided him with a Bible and other books. He also urged him to write his memoirs, which he did in 1831. He wrote at least thirteen other Arabic documents, mostly on history and theology. Ibn Said lived until his mid-90s and died in 1864, still enslaved. Response: Omar ibn Said was born and raised in Futa Toro, an Islamic state located in the part of West Africa that is now Senegal.

Who was the 45th President of the United States of America?

Donald J. Trump was the 45th President of the United States of America

open_qa

Instruction: Who was the 45th President of the United States of America? Context: Response: Donald J. Trump was the 45th President of the United States of America

What does a reverse osmosis filter do?

A reverse osmosis filter is a fine grained small pore filter that is used in water filtration. The RO filter membrane reduces 99.9% of 1000+ contaminants down to 0.0001 microns. Some of the contaminants it removes are chlorine, lead, heavy metals, fluoride, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), chloramine, total dissolved solids (TDS), limescale, and arsenic. A reverse osmosis membrane is a great way to make clean water at home if you are trying to get rid of bottled water consumption.

open_qa

Instruction: What does a reverse osmosis filter do? Context: Response: A reverse osmosis filter is a fine grained small pore filter that is used in water filtration. The RO filter membrane reduces 99.9% of 1000+ contaminants down to 0.0001 microns. Some of the contaminants it removes are chlorine, lead, heavy metals, fluoride, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), chloramine, total dissolved solids (TDS), limescale, and arsenic. A reverse osmosis membrane is a great way to make clean water at home if you are trying to get rid of bottled water consumption.

Do George Lucas and Steven Spielberg know each other?

Yes, George Lucas and Steven Spielberg are long-time friends, dating back to their first meeting in 1967. They have collaborated and supported each other on a number of films and celebrated each others success in the field of filmmaking.

open_qa

Instruction: Do George Lucas and Steven Spielberg know each other? Context: Response: Yes, George Lucas and Steven Spielberg are long-time friends, dating back to their first meeting in 1967. They have collaborated and supported each other on a number of films and celebrated each others success in the field of filmmaking.

Tell me whether those countries are in Europe or America: England, United states, France, Spain, Canada, Italy, Colombia, Peru

England is in Europe, United States is in America, France is in Europe, Spain is in Europe, Canada is in America, Italy is in Europe, Colombia is in America, Peru is in America

classification

Instruction: Tell me whether those countries are in Europe or America: England, United states, France, Spain, Canada, Italy, Colombia, Peru Context: Response: England is in Europe, United States is in America, France is in Europe, Spain is in Europe, Canada is in America, Italy is in Europe, Colombia is in America, Peru is in America

Where was the beer Yuengling founded?

Pennsylvania

open_qa

Instruction: Where was the beer Yuengling founded? Context: Response: Pennsylvania

Name the Khals known to currently be alive in A Song of Ice and Fire.

Jhaqo, Pono, Moro, Jommo, Zekko, and Motho.

open_qa

Instruction: Name the Khals known to currently be alive in A Song of Ice and Fire. Context: Response: Jhaqo, Pono, Moro, Jommo, Zekko, and Motho.

I would like to go to Mystery Spot near Santa Cruz California. What can you tell me about the mystery surrounding the Mystery Spot and how should I plan for this trip?

It is great to hear that you are looking to go to Mystery Spot in Santa Cruz, California. During winter it can get chilly so layer up. The road leading up from South Bay is windy on 17 South and then goes through a thicker forest. Mystery Spot is a tourist attraction that was opened in 1939 by George Prather. You can sign up for a guided tour at https://www.mysteryspot.com/ and Mystery Spot is open year round. The tour is approx. 40 mins long and you discover that gravity doesn't behave like it should or what should be higher than you turns out to be at same height or lower. You make a steep quick climb to a tilted cabin on a tilted road and you feel disoriented and seem to be at a severe incline when you enter this cabin. While there are various hypotheses as to reason for these effects, the most likely explanation is some level of optical illusion as the road is tilted at a severe opposite angle to the tilted roof line and the inside of the cabin. I think a combination of gravity hill where you get the sensation you are climbing up the road when in reality you are going down and the odd tilted angles of the cabin causes severe optical illusion. It also causes humans to fall back on visual senses more and ignore other senses which might be counter acting what you see.

general_qa

Instruction: I would like to go to Mystery Spot near Santa Cruz California. What can you tell me about the mystery surrounding the Mystery Spot and how should I plan for this trip? Context: Response: It is great to hear that you are looking to go to Mystery Spot in Santa Cruz, California. During winter it can get chilly so layer up. The road leading up from South Bay is windy on 17 South and then goes through a thicker forest. Mystery Spot is a tourist attraction that was opened in 1939 by George Prather. You can sign up for a guided tour at https://www.mysteryspot.com/ and Mystery Spot is open year round. The tour is approx. 40 mins long and you discover that gravity doesn't behave like it should or what should be higher than you turns out to be at same height or lower. You make a steep quick climb to a tilted cabin on a tilted road and you feel disoriented and seem to be at a severe incline when you enter this cabin. While there are various hypotheses as to reason for these effects, the most likely explanation is some level of optical illusion as the road is tilted at a severe opposite angle to the tilted roof line and the inside of the cabin. I think a combination of gravity hill where you get the sensation you are climbing up the road when in reality you are going down and the odd tilted angles of the cabin causes severe optical illusion. It also causes humans to fall back on visual senses more and ignore other senses which might be counter acting what you see.

What do the terms direct current (DC) or alternating current (AC) mean?

The movement of electric charge is known as an electric current, the intensity of which is usually measured in amperes. Current can consist of any moving charged particles; most commonly these are electrons, but any charge in motion constitutes a current. Electric current can flow through some things, electrical conductors, but will not flow through an electrical insulator. By historical convention, a positive current is defined as having the same direction of flow as any positive charge it contains, or to flow from the most positive part of a circuit to the most negative part. Current defined in this manner is called conventional current. The motion of negatively charged electrons around an electric circuit, one of the most familiar forms of current, is thus deemed positive in the opposite direction to that of the electrons. However, depending on the conditions, an electric current can consist of a flow of charged particles in either direction, or even in both directions at once. The positive-to-negative convention is widely used to simplify this situation. The process by which electric current passes through a material is termed electrical conduction, and its nature varies with that of the charged particles and the material through which they are travelling. Examples of electric currents include metallic conduction, where electrons flow through a conductor such as metal, and electrolysis, where ions (charged atoms) flow through liquids, or through plasmas such as electrical sparks. While the particles themselves can move quite slowly, sometimes with an average drift velocity only fractions of a millimetre per second, the electric field that drives them itself propagates at close to the speed of light, enabling electrical signals to pass rapidly along wires. In engineering or household applications, current is often described as being either direct current (DC) or alternating current (AC). These terms refer to how the current varies in time. Direct current, as produced by example from a battery and required by most electronic devices, is a unidirectional flow from the positive part of a circuit to the negative.  If, as is most common, this flow is carried by electrons, they will be travelling in the opposite direction. Alternating current is any current that reverses direction repeatedly; almost always this takes the form of a sine wave. Alternating current thus pulses back and forth within a conductor without the charge moving any net distance over time. The time-averaged value of an alternating current is zero, but it delivers energy in first one direction, and then the reverse. Alternating current is affected by electrical properties that are not observed under steady state direct current, such as inductance and capacitance. These properties however can become important when circuitry is subjected to transients, such as when first energised.

In engineering or household applications, current is often described as being either direct current (DC) or alternating current (AC). These terms refer to how the current varies in time. Direct current, as produced by example from a battery and required by most electronic devices, is a unidirectional flow from the positive part of a circuit to the negative.  If, as is most common, this flow is carried by electrons, they will be travelling in the opposite direction. Alternating current is any current that reverses direction repeatedly; almost always this takes the form of a sine wave. Alternating current thus pulses back and forth within a conductor without the charge moving any net distance over time.

information_extraction

Instruction: What do the terms direct current (DC) or alternating current (AC) mean? Context: The movement of electric charge is known as an electric current, the intensity of which is usually measured in amperes. Current can consist of any moving charged particles; most commonly these are electrons, but any charge in motion constitutes a current. Electric current can flow through some things, electrical conductors, but will not flow through an electrical insulator. By historical convention, a positive current is defined as having the same direction of flow as any positive charge it contains, or to flow from the most positive part of a circuit to the most negative part. Current defined in this manner is called conventional current. The motion of negatively charged electrons around an electric circuit, one of the most familiar forms of current, is thus deemed positive in the opposite direction to that of the electrons. However, depending on the conditions, an electric current can consist of a flow of charged particles in either direction, or even in both directions at once. The positive-to-negative convention is widely used to simplify this situation. The process by which electric current passes through a material is termed electrical conduction, and its nature varies with that of the charged particles and the material through which they are travelling. Examples of electric currents include metallic conduction, where electrons flow through a conductor such as metal, and electrolysis, where ions (charged atoms) flow through liquids, or through plasmas such as electrical sparks. While the particles themselves can move quite slowly, sometimes with an average drift velocity only fractions of a millimetre per second, the electric field that drives them itself propagates at close to the speed of light, enabling electrical signals to pass rapidly along wires. In engineering or household applications, current is often described as being either direct current (DC) or alternating current (AC). These terms refer to how the current varies in time. Direct current, as produced by example from a battery and required by most electronic devices, is a unidirectional flow from the positive part of a circuit to the negative.  If, as is most common, this flow is carried by electrons, they will be travelling in the opposite direction. Alternating current is any current that reverses direction repeatedly; almost always this takes the form of a sine wave. Alternating current thus pulses back and forth within a conductor without the charge moving any net distance over time. The time-averaged value of an alternating current is zero, but it delivers energy in first one direction, and then the reverse. Alternating current is affected by electrical properties that are not observed under steady state direct current, such as inductance and capacitance. These properties however can become important when circuitry is subjected to transients, such as when first energised. Response: In engineering or household applications, current is often described as being either direct current (DC) or alternating current (AC). These terms refer to how the current varies in time. Direct current, as produced by example from a battery and required by most electronic devices, is a unidirectional flow from the positive part of a circuit to the negative.  If, as is most common, this flow is carried by electrons, they will be travelling in the opposite direction. Alternating current is any current that reverses direction repeatedly; almost always this takes the form of a sine wave. Alternating current thus pulses back and forth within a conductor without the charge moving any net distance over time.

Name the list of S&P 500 companies which as of August 31, 2022 accounted for 27.8% of the market capitalization of the index. List the results in comma separated format.

The Standard and Poor's 500, or simply the S&P 500, is a stock market index tracking the stock performance of 500 of the largest companies listed on stock exchanges in the United States. It is one of the most commonly followed equity indices. As of December 31, 2020, more than $5.4 trillion was invested in assets tied to the performance of the index. The S&P 500 index is a free-float weighted/capitalization-weighted index. As of August 31, 2022, the nine largest companies on the list of S&P 500 companies accounted for 27.8% of the market capitalization of the index and were, in order of highest to lowest weighting: Apple, Microsoft, Alphabet (including both class A & C shares), Amazon.com, Tesla, Berkshire Hathaway, UnitedHealth Group, Johnson & Johnson and ExxonMobil. The components that have increased their dividends in 25 consecutive years are known as the S&P 500 Dividend Aristocrats.: 25  The index is one of the factors in computation of the Conference Board Leading Economic Index, used to forecast the direction of the economy. The index is associated with many ticker symbols, including ^GSPC, .INX, and $SPX, depending on market or website. The S&P 500 is maintained by S&P Dow Jones Indices, a joint venture majority-owned by S&P Global, and its components are selected by a committee. The average annualized return since its inception in 1928 through Dec. 31, 2021, is 11.82%. The average annualized return since adopting 500 stocks into the index in 1957 through Dec. 31, 2021, is 11.88%.

Apple, Microsoft, Alphabet, Amazon.com, Tesla, Berkshire Hathaway, UnitedHealth Group, Johnson & Johnson, ExxonMobil

information_extraction

Instruction: Name the list of S&P 500 companies which as of August 31, 2022 accounted for 27.8% of the market capitalization of the index. List the results in comma separated format. Context: The Standard and Poor's 500, or simply the S&P 500, is a stock market index tracking the stock performance of 500 of the largest companies listed on stock exchanges in the United States. It is one of the most commonly followed equity indices. As of December 31, 2020, more than $5.4 trillion was invested in assets tied to the performance of the index. The S&P 500 index is a free-float weighted/capitalization-weighted index. As of August 31, 2022, the nine largest companies on the list of S&P 500 companies accounted for 27.8% of the market capitalization of the index and were, in order of highest to lowest weighting: Apple, Microsoft, Alphabet (including both class A & C shares), Amazon.com, Tesla, Berkshire Hathaway, UnitedHealth Group, Johnson & Johnson and ExxonMobil. The components that have increased their dividends in 25 consecutive years are known as the S&P 500 Dividend Aristocrats.: 25  The index is one of the factors in computation of the Conference Board Leading Economic Index, used to forecast the direction of the economy. The index is associated with many ticker symbols, including ^GSPC, .INX, and $SPX, depending on market or website. The S&P 500 is maintained by S&P Dow Jones Indices, a joint venture majority-owned by S&P Global, and its components are selected by a committee. The average annualized return since its inception in 1928 through Dec. 31, 2021, is 11.82%. The average annualized return since adopting 500 stocks into the index in 1957 through Dec. 31, 2021, is 11.88%. Response: Apple, Microsoft, Alphabet, Amazon.com, Tesla, Berkshire Hathaway, UnitedHealth Group, Johnson & Johnson, ExxonMobil

What is Photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is a process by which plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to create oxygen and energy in the form of sugar.

creative_writing

Instruction: What is Photosynthesis? Context: Response: Photosynthesis is a process by which plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to create oxygen and energy in the form of sugar.

Classify each of the following as a language or religion: Spanish, Catholicism, Islam, Judaism, Mandarin, Arabic

Spanish: Language Catholicism: Religion Islam: Religion Judaism: Religion Mandarin: Language Arabic: Language

classification

Instruction: Classify each of the following as a language or religion: Spanish, Catholicism, Islam, Judaism, Mandarin, Arabic Context: Response: Spanish: Language Catholicism: Religion Islam: Religion Judaism: Religion Mandarin: Language Arabic: Language

Classify each of the following as mainstream media or social media: Twitter, Reddit, CNN, MSNBC, Instagram, Fox News

Twitter: Social Media Reddit: Social Media CNN: Mainstream Media MSNBC: Mainstream Media Instagram: Social Media Fox News: Mainstream Media

classification

Instruction: Classify each of the following as mainstream media or social media: Twitter, Reddit, CNN, MSNBC, Instagram, Fox News Context: Response: Twitter: Social Media Reddit: Social Media CNN: Mainstream Media MSNBC: Mainstream Media Instagram: Social Media Fox News: Mainstream Media

What is the best University in Canada for computer Science?

To decide which university is the best university is a rather subjective choice, however the consensus (based on multiple University rankings) is that The University of Waterloo is the best school to study computer science.

general_qa

Instruction: What is the best University in Canada for computer Science? Context: Response: To decide which university is the best university is a rather subjective choice, however the consensus (based on multiple University rankings) is that The University of Waterloo is the best school to study computer science.

What are all the books in the Lord of the Rings trilogy?

Although often called a trilogy, the work was intended by Tolkien to be one volume of a two-volume set along with The Silmarillion.[T 3] For economic reasons, The Lord of the Rings was published over the course of a year from 29 July 1954 to 20 October 1955 in three volumes titled The Fellowship of the Ring, The Two Towers, and The Return of the King. The work is divided internally into six books, two per volume, with several appendices of background material. Some later editions print the entire work in a single volume, following the author's original intent.

The Lord of the Rings trilogy is comprised of: The Fellowship of the Ring, The Two Towers and The Return of the King.

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Instruction: What are all the books in the Lord of the Rings trilogy? Context: Although often called a trilogy, the work was intended by Tolkien to be one volume of a two-volume set along with The Silmarillion.[T 3] For economic reasons, The Lord of the Rings was published over the course of a year from 29 July 1954 to 20 October 1955 in three volumes titled The Fellowship of the Ring, The Two Towers, and The Return of the King. The work is divided internally into six books, two per volume, with several appendices of background material. Some later editions print the entire work in a single volume, following the author's original intent. Response: The Lord of the Rings trilogy is comprised of: The Fellowship of the Ring, The Two Towers and The Return of the King.

Classify each one of the following as bird or fish - sparrow, whale, tuna, parrot.

Sparrow and parrot are birds and whale and tuna are fishes in the list

classification

Instruction: Classify each one of the following as bird or fish - sparrow, whale, tuna, parrot. Context: Response: Sparrow and parrot are birds and whale and tuna are fishes in the list

From the provided paragraph, write a bulleted list of how cheeses can be grouped.

There are many different types of cheese. Cheeses can be grouped or classified according to criteria such as length of fermentation, texture, methods of production, fat content, animal milk, and country or region of origin. The method most commonly and traditionally used is based on moisture content, which is then further narrowed down by fat content and curing or ripening methods. The criteria may either be used singly or in combination, with no single method being universally used.

* Length of fermentation * Texture * Methods of production * Fat content * Animal milk * Country or region of origin

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Instruction: From the provided paragraph, write a bulleted list of how cheeses can be grouped. Context: There are many different types of cheese. Cheeses can be grouped or classified according to criteria such as length of fermentation, texture, methods of production, fat content, animal milk, and country or region of origin. The method most commonly and traditionally used is based on moisture content, which is then further narrowed down by fat content and curing or ripening methods. The criteria may either be used singly or in combination, with no single method being universally used. Response: * Length of fermentation * Texture * Methods of production * Fat content * Animal milk * Country or region of origin

From the passage provided, extract the what were some of the key years and discoveries of portuguese maritime exploration?

Portuguese maritime exploration resulted in the numerous territories and maritime routes recorded by the Portuguese as a result of their intensive maritime journeys during the 15th and 16th centuries. Portuguese sailors were at the vanguard of European exploration, chronicling and mapping the coasts of Africa and Asia, then known as the East Indies, and Canada and Brazil (the West Indies), in what came to be known as the Age of Discovery. Methodical expeditions started in 1419 along West Africa's coast under the sponsorship of prince Henry the Navigator, with Bartolomeu Dias reaching the Cape of Good Hope and entering the Indian Ocean in 1488. Ten years later, in 1498, Vasco da Gama led the first fleet around Africa to India, arriving in Calicut and starting a maritime route from Portugal to India. Portuguese explorations then proceeded to southeast Asia, where they reached Japan in 1542, forty-four years after their first arrival in India. In 1500, the Portuguese nobleman Pedro Álvares Cabral became the first European to discover Brazil.

In 1419, the portuguese started their maritime explorations along the West Africa's coast. The goal was to reach India by sea, by going around Africa. In 1488, Bartolomeu Dias reaching the Cape of Good Hope and entered the Indian Ocean. In 1498, Vasco da Gama finally reached India. By 1500 also reached discovered Brazil and reached Japan in 1542.

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Instruction: From the passage provided, extract the what were some of the key years and discoveries of portuguese maritime exploration? Context: Portuguese maritime exploration resulted in the numerous territories and maritime routes recorded by the Portuguese as a result of their intensive maritime journeys during the 15th and 16th centuries. Portuguese sailors were at the vanguard of European exploration, chronicling and mapping the coasts of Africa and Asia, then known as the East Indies, and Canada and Brazil (the West Indies), in what came to be known as the Age of Discovery. Methodical expeditions started in 1419 along West Africa's coast under the sponsorship of prince Henry the Navigator, with Bartolomeu Dias reaching the Cape of Good Hope and entering the Indian Ocean in 1488. Ten years later, in 1498, Vasco da Gama led the first fleet around Africa to India, arriving in Calicut and starting a maritime route from Portugal to India. Portuguese explorations then proceeded to southeast Asia, where they reached Japan in 1542, forty-four years after their first arrival in India. In 1500, the Portuguese nobleman Pedro Álvares Cabral became the first European to discover Brazil. Response: In 1419, the portuguese started their maritime explorations along the West Africa's coast. The goal was to reach India by sea, by going around Africa. In 1488, Bartolomeu Dias reaching the Cape of Good Hope and entered the Indian Ocean. In 1498, Vasco da Gama finally reached India. By 1500 also reached discovered Brazil and reached Japan in 1542.

What is Cricket in sports?

Cricket is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams of eleven players on a field at the centre of which is a 22-yard (20-metre) pitch with a wicket at each end, each comprising two bails balanced on three stumps. The batting side scores runs by striking the ball bowled at one of the wickets with the bat and then running between the wickets, while the bowling and fielding side tries to prevent this (by preventing the ball from leaving the field, and getting the ball to either wicket) and dismiss each batter (so they are "out"). Means of dismissal include being bowled, when the ball hits the stumps and dislodges the bails, and by the fielding side either catching the ball after it is hit by the bat, but before it hits the ground, or hitting a wicket with the ball before a batter can cross the crease in front of the wicket. When ten batters have been dismissed, the innings ends and the teams swap roles. The game is adjudicated by two umpires, aided by a third umpire and match referee in international matches. They communicate with two off-field scorers who record the match's statistical information. Forms of cricket range from Twenty20, with each team batting for a single innings of 20 overs (each "over" being a set of 6 fair opportunities for the batting team to score) and the game generally lasting three hours, to Test matches played over five days. Traditionally cricketers play in all-white kit, but in limited overs cricket they wear club or team colours. In addition to the basic kit, some players wear protective gear to prevent injury caused by the ball, which is a hard, solid spheroid made of compressed leather with a slightly raised sewn seam enclosing a cork core layered with tightly wound string.

Cricket is highly popular game that's originated in south-eastern counties of England and now prominent sport in a number of countries in particular south asian countries like India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh. It is in essence a bat-and-ball game played between two teams of eleven players on a field. The batting side scores runs by striking the ball with the bat and then running between the wickets, while the bowling and fielding side tries to prevent this and dismiss each batter. Forms of cricket range from Twenty20, one day to Test match lasting up to 5 days. The game originated as children's game is now a highly competitive professional sport followed by billions of people and in last decade commercialised at club level with the introduction of Indian Premier League (IPL).

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Instruction: What is Cricket in sports? Context: Cricket is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams of eleven players on a field at the centre of which is a 22-yard (20-metre) pitch with a wicket at each end, each comprising two bails balanced on three stumps. The batting side scores runs by striking the ball bowled at one of the wickets with the bat and then running between the wickets, while the bowling and fielding side tries to prevent this (by preventing the ball from leaving the field, and getting the ball to either wicket) and dismiss each batter (so they are "out"). Means of dismissal include being bowled, when the ball hits the stumps and dislodges the bails, and by the fielding side either catching the ball after it is hit by the bat, but before it hits the ground, or hitting a wicket with the ball before a batter can cross the crease in front of the wicket. When ten batters have been dismissed, the innings ends and the teams swap roles. The game is adjudicated by two umpires, aided by a third umpire and match referee in international matches. They communicate with two off-field scorers who record the match's statistical information. Forms of cricket range from Twenty20, with each team batting for a single innings of 20 overs (each "over" being a set of 6 fair opportunities for the batting team to score) and the game generally lasting three hours, to Test matches played over five days. Traditionally cricketers play in all-white kit, but in limited overs cricket they wear club or team colours. In addition to the basic kit, some players wear protective gear to prevent injury caused by the ball, which is a hard, solid spheroid made of compressed leather with a slightly raised sewn seam enclosing a cork core layered with tightly wound string. Response: Cricket is highly popular game that's originated in south-eastern counties of England and now prominent sport in a number of countries in particular south asian countries like India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh. It is in essence a bat-and-ball game played between two teams of eleven players on a field. The batting side scores runs by striking the ball with the bat and then running between the wickets, while the bowling and fielding side tries to prevent this and dismiss each batter. Forms of cricket range from Twenty20, one day to Test match lasting up to 5 days. The game originated as children's game is now a highly competitive professional sport followed by billions of people and in last decade commercialised at club level with the introduction of Indian Premier League (IPL).

What is the Make Something Edmonton Initiative?

Make Something Edmonton is a community building initiative that resulted from the creation of a task force on City image and reputation in July 2012 in Edmonton, Alberta. The task force is co-chaired by entrepreneur Chris LaBossiere and Rapid Fire Theatre artistic director Amy Shostak. The creative concept behind the initiative was articulated by local writer and entrepreneur Todd Babiak. The central idea behind the initiative is that "Edmonton is an unusually good city to create something from nothing, to launch a new idea, to build, to get ‘er done, to make something."

The Make Something Edmonton is a community building initiative that resulted from the creation of a task force on City image and reputation in July 2012 in Edmonton, Alberta. The task force is co-chaired by entrepreneur Chris LaBossiere and Rapid Fire Theatre artistic director Amy Shostak. The creative concept behind the initiative was articulated by local writer and entrepreneur Todd Babiak.

summarization

Instruction: What is the Make Something Edmonton Initiative? Context: Make Something Edmonton is a community building initiative that resulted from the creation of a task force on City image and reputation in July 2012 in Edmonton, Alberta. The task force is co-chaired by entrepreneur Chris LaBossiere and Rapid Fire Theatre artistic director Amy Shostak. The creative concept behind the initiative was articulated by local writer and entrepreneur Todd Babiak. The central idea behind the initiative is that "Edmonton is an unusually good city to create something from nothing, to launch a new idea, to build, to get ‘er done, to make something." Response: The Make Something Edmonton is a community building initiative that resulted from the creation of a task force on City image and reputation in July 2012 in Edmonton, Alberta. The task force is co-chaired by entrepreneur Chris LaBossiere and Rapid Fire Theatre artistic director Amy Shostak. The creative concept behind the initiative was articulated by local writer and entrepreneur Todd Babiak.

From the passage note down the various themes on which Harry Potter series is based upon. List the results in comma separated format.

Harry Potter is a series of seven fantasy novels written by British author J. K. Rowling. The novels chronicle the lives of a young wizard, Harry Potter, and his friends Hermione Granger and Ron Weasley, all of whom are students at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. The main story arc concerns Harry's conflict with Lord Voldemort, a dark wizard who intends to become immortal, overthrow the wizard governing body known as the Ministry of Magic and subjugate all wizards and Muggles (non-magical people). The series was originally published in English by Bloomsbury in the United Kingdom and Scholastic Press in the United States. All versions around the world are printed by Grafica Veneta in Italy. A series of many genres, including fantasy, drama, coming-of-age fiction, and the British school story (which includes elements of mystery, thriller, adventure, horror, and romance), the world of Harry Potter explores numerous themes and includes many cultural meanings and references. According to Rowling, the main theme is death. Other major themes in the series include prejudice, corruption, and madness. Since the release of the first novel, Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, on 26 June 1997, the books have found immense popularity, positive reviews, and commercial success worldwide. They have attracted a wide adult audience as well as younger readers and are widely considered cornerstones of modern literature. As of February 2023, the books have sold more than 600 million copies worldwide, making them the best-selling book series in history, and have been available in 85 languages. The last four books consecutively set records as the fastest-selling books in history, with the final instalment selling roughly 2.7 million copies in the United Kingdom and 8.3 million copies in the United States within twenty-four hours of its release.

death, prejudice, corruption, madness

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Instruction: From the passage note down the various themes on which Harry Potter series is based upon. List the results in comma separated format. Context: Harry Potter is a series of seven fantasy novels written by British author J. K. Rowling. The novels chronicle the lives of a young wizard, Harry Potter, and his friends Hermione Granger and Ron Weasley, all of whom are students at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. The main story arc concerns Harry's conflict with Lord Voldemort, a dark wizard who intends to become immortal, overthrow the wizard governing body known as the Ministry of Magic and subjugate all wizards and Muggles (non-magical people). The series was originally published in English by Bloomsbury in the United Kingdom and Scholastic Press in the United States. All versions around the world are printed by Grafica Veneta in Italy. A series of many genres, including fantasy, drama, coming-of-age fiction, and the British school story (which includes elements of mystery, thriller, adventure, horror, and romance), the world of Harry Potter explores numerous themes and includes many cultural meanings and references. According to Rowling, the main theme is death. Other major themes in the series include prejudice, corruption, and madness. Since the release of the first novel, Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, on 26 June 1997, the books have found immense popularity, positive reviews, and commercial success worldwide. They have attracted a wide adult audience as well as younger readers and are widely considered cornerstones of modern literature. As of February 2023, the books have sold more than 600 million copies worldwide, making them the best-selling book series in history, and have been available in 85 languages. The last four books consecutively set records as the fastest-selling books in history, with the final instalment selling roughly 2.7 million copies in the United Kingdom and 8.3 million copies in the United States within twenty-four hours of its release. Response: death, prejudice, corruption, madness

Classify the following as either memoir, autobiography or biography: Einstein: The Life and Times by Ronald William Clark, The Diary of a Young Girl by Anne Frank, Personal Memoirs of Ulysses S. Grant by Ulysses S. Grant, Confessions of a Bookseller by Shaun Bythell, Benjamin Franklin: An American Life by Walter Isaacson, H is for Hawk by Helen Macdonald, The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin by Benjamin Franklin, Long Walk to Freedom by Nelson Mandela.

The following are memoirs: Personal Memoirs of Ulysses S. Grant by Ulysses S. Grant, Confessions of a Bookseller by Shaun Bythell, H is for Hawk by Helen Macdonald. The following are autobiographies: The Diary of a Young Girl by Anne Frank, The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin by Benjamin Franklin, Long Walk to Freedom by Nelson Mandela. The following are biographies: Einstein: The Life and Times by Ronald William Clark, Benjamin Franklin: An American Life by Walter Isaacson.

classification

Instruction: Classify the following as either memoir, autobiography or biography: Einstein: The Life and Times by Ronald William Clark, The Diary of a Young Girl by Anne Frank, Personal Memoirs of Ulysses S. Grant by Ulysses S. Grant, Confessions of a Bookseller by Shaun Bythell, Benjamin Franklin: An American Life by Walter Isaacson, H is for Hawk by Helen Macdonald, The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin by Benjamin Franklin, Long Walk to Freedom by Nelson Mandela. Context: Response: The following are memoirs: Personal Memoirs of Ulysses S. Grant by Ulysses S. Grant, Confessions of a Bookseller by Shaun Bythell, H is for Hawk by Helen Macdonald. The following are autobiographies: The Diary of a Young Girl by Anne Frank, The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin by Benjamin Franklin, Long Walk to Freedom by Nelson Mandela. The following are biographies: Einstein: The Life and Times by Ronald William Clark, Benjamin Franklin: An American Life by Walter Isaacson.

Give me a list of Tour de France general Classification winners who have won more than 4 times.

Jacques Anquetil, Eddie Merckx, Bernard Hinault, Miguel Indurain and Lance Armstrong. Lance Armstrong has won seven times but had those victories rescinded after admitting to using performance enhancing drugs.

brainstorming

Instruction: Give me a list of Tour de France general Classification winners who have won more than 4 times. Context: Response: Jacques Anquetil, Eddie Merckx, Bernard Hinault, Miguel Indurain and Lance Armstrong. Lance Armstrong has won seven times but had those victories rescinded after admitting to using performance enhancing drugs.

Given a reference text bout the Tampa Convention Center, when did it open and how big is it?

The Tampa Convention Center is a mid-sized convention center located in downtown Tampa, Florida at the mouth of the Hillsborough River. It has both waterfront views of Tampa Bay and views of the city's skyline. Harbour Island is across the eponymous bridge on the other side of the Garrison Channel. The center is connected to the neighboring Channelside District and Ybor City via the TECO Line Streetcar, which has a station across the street. The center opened in 1990 and encompasses 600,000 square feet (56,000 m2) in total. It has a 200,000 square feet (19,000 m2) exhibit hall, a ballroom capable of accommodating over 2,000 guests, and 36 meeting rooms that can be adjusted to various sizes. The facility hosts over 300 events per year.

The Tampa Convention Center opened in 1990 and is about 600,000 square feet.

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Instruction: Given a reference text bout the Tampa Convention Center, when did it open and how big is it? Context: The Tampa Convention Center is a mid-sized convention center located in downtown Tampa, Florida at the mouth of the Hillsborough River. It has both waterfront views of Tampa Bay and views of the city's skyline. Harbour Island is across the eponymous bridge on the other side of the Garrison Channel. The center is connected to the neighboring Channelside District and Ybor City via the TECO Line Streetcar, which has a station across the street. The center opened in 1990 and encompasses 600,000 square feet (56,000 m2) in total. It has a 200,000 square feet (19,000 m2) exhibit hall, a ballroom capable of accommodating over 2,000 guests, and 36 meeting rooms that can be adjusted to various sizes. The facility hosts over 300 events per year. Response: The Tampa Convention Center opened in 1990 and is about 600,000 square feet.

Which is a bird or fish: Red-throated diver, Redlip blenny

Redlip blenny is a fish, Red-throated diver is a bird

classification

Instruction: Which is a bird or fish: Red-throated diver, Redlip blenny Context: Response: Redlip blenny is a fish, Red-throated diver is a bird

Who was Lawrence Grant White?

Lawrence Grant White (September 26, 1887 – September 8, 1956) was an American architect, a partner in the architectural firm of McKim, Mead & White, co-founded by his father Stanford White, and for five years the president of the National Academy of Design.

Lawrence Grant White was born on September 26, 1887. He was an American Architect, and was the President of the National Academy of Design for 5 years. Larry, as known by his friends, was born in NY, and was the son of Sanford and Elizabeth White. Larry graduated from Harvard University in 1908. From 1915-1917 he worked at the firm McKim, Mead, and White.

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Instruction: Who was Lawrence Grant White? Context: Lawrence Grant White (September 26, 1887 – September 8, 1956) was an American architect, a partner in the architectural firm of McKim, Mead & White, co-founded by his father Stanford White, and for five years the president of the National Academy of Design. Response: Lawrence Grant White was born on September 26, 1887. He was an American Architect, and was the President of the National Academy of Design for 5 years. Larry, as known by his friends, was born in NY, and was the son of Sanford and Elizabeth White. Larry graduated from Harvard University in 1908. From 1915-1917 he worked at the firm McKim, Mead, and White.

Do Africans share the same origin and culture?

The Culture of Africa is varied and manifold, consisting of a mixture of countries with various tribes that each have their unique characteristic from the continent of Africa. It is a product of the diverse populations that inhabit the continent of Africa and the African diaspora. Generally, Culture can be defined as a collective mass of distinctive qualities belonging to a certain group of people. These qualities include laws, morals, beliefs, knowledge, art, customs, and any other attributes belonging to a member of that society. Africa has numerous ethnic nationalities all with varying qualities such as language, dishes, greetings, and dances. However, all African peoples share a series of dominant cultural traits which distinguish African Culture from the rest of the world. For example, social values, religion, morals, political values, economics, and aesthetic values all contribute to African Culture. Expressions of culture are abundant within Africa, with large amounts of cultural diversity being found not only across different countries but also within single countries. Even though African cultures are widely diverse, they are also, when closely studied, seen to have many similarities; for example, the morals they uphold, their love and respect for their culture, as well as the strong respect they hold for the aged and the important, i.e. kings and chiefs.

No, Africa is a multicultural continent, with many diverse ethnic groups. While these ethnic groups don't share the same origin, many of these groups share similar cultural traits such as social values and religious values. They also generally have high regard for their elderly and tribal leaders.

summarization

Instruction: Do Africans share the same origin and culture? Context: The Culture of Africa is varied and manifold, consisting of a mixture of countries with various tribes that each have their unique characteristic from the continent of Africa. It is a product of the diverse populations that inhabit the continent of Africa and the African diaspora. Generally, Culture can be defined as a collective mass of distinctive qualities belonging to a certain group of people. These qualities include laws, morals, beliefs, knowledge, art, customs, and any other attributes belonging to a member of that society. Africa has numerous ethnic nationalities all with varying qualities such as language, dishes, greetings, and dances. However, all African peoples share a series of dominant cultural traits which distinguish African Culture from the rest of the world. For example, social values, religion, morals, political values, economics, and aesthetic values all contribute to African Culture. Expressions of culture are abundant within Africa, with large amounts of cultural diversity being found not only across different countries but also within single countries. Even though African cultures are widely diverse, they are also, when closely studied, seen to have many similarities; for example, the morals they uphold, their love and respect for their culture, as well as the strong respect they hold for the aged and the important, i.e. kings and chiefs. Response: No, Africa is a multicultural continent, with many diverse ethnic groups. While these ethnic groups don't share the same origin, many of these groups share similar cultural traits such as social values and religious values. They also generally have high regard for their elderly and tribal leaders.

What are options for materials to build a house?

Depending on your geographic location, different materials will be available to you. Typical construction materials include brick, cement, concrete, gravel, steel and lumber. In the United States, it is very common to see houses built with lumber since this material is readily available, however in other regions in the world such as Europe and Latin America, it is very common to see use of brick, concrete and steel for a typical house.

brainstorming

Instruction: What are options for materials to build a house? Context: Response: Depending on your geographic location, different materials will be available to you. Typical construction materials include brick, cement, concrete, gravel, steel and lumber. In the United States, it is very common to see houses built with lumber since this material is readily available, however in other regions in the world such as Europe and Latin America, it is very common to see use of brick, concrete and steel for a typical house.

What is the history of the Masters Golf Tournament

The Masters was started by amateur champion Bobby Jones and investment banker Clifford Roberts. After his grand slam in 1930, Jones acquired the former plant nursery and co-designed Augusta National with course architect Alister MacKenzie. First played 89 years ago in 1934, the tournament is an official money event on the PGA Tour, the European Tour, and the Japan Golf Tour. The field of players is smaller than those of the other major championships because it is an invitational event, held by the Augusta National Golf Club. The tournament has a number of traditions. Since 1949, a green jacket has been awarded to the champion, who must return it to the clubhouse one year after his victory, although it remains his personal property and is stored with other champions' jackets in a specially designated cloakroom. In most instances, only a first-time and currently reigning champion may remove his jacket from the club grounds. A golfer who wins the event multiple times uses the same green jacket awarded upon his initial win (unless they need to be re-fitted with a new jacket). The Champions Dinner, inaugurated by Ben Hogan in 1952, is held on the Tuesday before each tournament, and is open only to past champions and certain board members of the Augusta National Golf Club. Beginning in 1963, legendary golfers, usually past champions, have hit an honorary tee shot on the morning of the first round to commence play. These have included Fred McLeod, Jock Hutchinson, Gene Sarazen, Sam Snead, Byron Nelson, Arnold Palmer, Jack Nicklaus, Gary Player, Lee Elder, and Tom Watson. Since 1960, a semi-social contest at the par-3 course has been played on Wednesday, the day before the first round. Nicklaus has the most Masters wins, with six between 1963 and 1986. Tiger Woods won five between 1997 and 2019. Palmer won four between 1958 and 1964. Five have won three titles at Augusta: Jimmy Demaret, Sam Snead, Gary Player, Nick Faldo, and Phil Mickelson. Player, from South Africa, was the first non-American player to win the tournament, in 1961; the second was Seve Ballesteros of Spain, the champion in 1980 and 1983. The Augusta National course first opened 90 years ago in 1933 and has been modified many times by different architects. Among the changes: greens have been reshaped and, on occasion, entirely re-designed, bunkers have been added, water hazards have been extended, new tee boxes have been built, hundreds of trees have been planted, and several mounds have been installed.

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Instruction: What is the history of the Masters Golf Tournament Context: Response: The Masters was started by amateur champion Bobby Jones and investment banker Clifford Roberts. After his grand slam in 1930, Jones acquired the former plant nursery and co-designed Augusta National with course architect Alister MacKenzie. First played 89 years ago in 1934, the tournament is an official money event on the PGA Tour, the European Tour, and the Japan Golf Tour. The field of players is smaller than those of the other major championships because it is an invitational event, held by the Augusta National Golf Club. The tournament has a number of traditions. Since 1949, a green jacket has been awarded to the champion, who must return it to the clubhouse one year after his victory, although it remains his personal property and is stored with other champions' jackets in a specially designated cloakroom. In most instances, only a first-time and currently reigning champion may remove his jacket from the club grounds. A golfer who wins the event multiple times uses the same green jacket awarded upon his initial win (unless they need to be re-fitted with a new jacket). The Champions Dinner, inaugurated by Ben Hogan in 1952, is held on the Tuesday before each tournament, and is open only to past champions and certain board members of the Augusta National Golf Club. Beginning in 1963, legendary golfers, usually past champions, have hit an honorary tee shot on the morning of the first round to commence play. These have included Fred McLeod, Jock Hutchinson, Gene Sarazen, Sam Snead, Byron Nelson, Arnold Palmer, Jack Nicklaus, Gary Player, Lee Elder, and Tom Watson. Since 1960, a semi-social contest at the par-3 course has been played on Wednesday, the day before the first round. Nicklaus has the most Masters wins, with six between 1963 and 1986. Tiger Woods won five between 1997 and 2019. Palmer won four between 1958 and 1964. Five have won three titles at Augusta: Jimmy Demaret, Sam Snead, Gary Player, Nick Faldo, and Phil Mickelson. Player, from South Africa, was the first non-American player to win the tournament, in 1961; the second was Seve Ballesteros of Spain, the champion in 1980 and 1983. The Augusta National course first opened 90 years ago in 1933 and has been modified many times by different architects. Among the changes: greens have been reshaped and, on occasion, entirely re-designed, bunkers have been added, water hazards have been extended, new tee boxes have been built, hundreds of trees have been planted, and several mounds have been installed.

What is a whiteboard?

A whiteboard (also known by the terms marker board, dry-erase board, dry-wipe board, and pen-board) is a glossy, usually white surface for making non-permanent markings. Whiteboards are analogous to blackboards, but with a smoother surface allowing for rapid marking and erasing of markings on their surface. The popularity of whiteboards increased rapidly in the mid-1990s and they have become a fixture in many offices, meeting rooms, school classrooms, public events and other work environments. The term whiteboard is also used metaphorically in reference to features of computer software applications that simulate whiteboards. Such "virtual tech whiteboards" allow one or more people to write or draw images on a simulated canvas. This is a common feature of many virtual meeting, collaboration, and instant messaging applications. The term whiteboard is also used to refer to interactive whiteboards.

A whiteboard (also known by the terms marker board, dry-erase board, dry-wipe board, and pen-board) is a glossy, usually white surface for making non-permanent markings. Whiteboards are analogous to blackboards, but with a smoother surface allowing for rapid marking and erasing of markings on their surface.

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Instruction: What is a whiteboard? Context: A whiteboard (also known by the terms marker board, dry-erase board, dry-wipe board, and pen-board) is a glossy, usually white surface for making non-permanent markings. Whiteboards are analogous to blackboards, but with a smoother surface allowing for rapid marking and erasing of markings on their surface. The popularity of whiteboards increased rapidly in the mid-1990s and they have become a fixture in many offices, meeting rooms, school classrooms, public events and other work environments. The term whiteboard is also used metaphorically in reference to features of computer software applications that simulate whiteboards. Such "virtual tech whiteboards" allow one or more people to write or draw images on a simulated canvas. This is a common feature of many virtual meeting, collaboration, and instant messaging applications. The term whiteboard is also used to refer to interactive whiteboards. Response: A whiteboard (also known by the terms marker board, dry-erase board, dry-wipe board, and pen-board) is a glossy, usually white surface for making non-permanent markings. Whiteboards are analogous to blackboards, but with a smoother surface allowing for rapid marking and erasing of markings on their surface.

What is the best way to define a data&AI strategy?

Translate your business and digital strategy into your data and AI vision and strategy highlighting the biggest opportunity areas optimizing your current business as well as new innovative businesses utilizing AI and data. Identify the business processes (product development, production, sales & marketing, supply chain, pricing, HR, finance, etc.) where you want to use data and AI. Understand the current state of your data and AI capabilities. Describe the target state for your business processes once data and AI capabilities have been deployed. Define new data-driven business and product ideas. Define your execution roadmap, including investments. Execute the first data and AI use cases by creating your AI playbook, aiming at production readiness. Automate and scale up operations

brainstorming

Instruction: What is the best way to define a data&AI strategy? Context: Response: Translate your business and digital strategy into your data and AI vision and strategy highlighting the biggest opportunity areas optimizing your current business as well as new innovative businesses utilizing AI and data. Identify the business processes (product development, production, sales & marketing, supply chain, pricing, HR, finance, etc.) where you want to use data and AI. Understand the current state of your data and AI capabilities. Describe the target state for your business processes once data and AI capabilities have been deployed. Define new data-driven business and product ideas. Define your execution roadmap, including investments. Execute the first data and AI use cases by creating your AI playbook, aiming at production readiness. Automate and scale up operations

List great neighborhoods to raise a family in East County San Diego

1. Mount Helix, La Mesa 2. Eucalyptus Hills, Lakeside 3. Fletcher Hills, El Cajon 4. Granite Hills, El Cajon 5. Vista Grande, Rancho San Diego 6. Sky Ranch, Santee 7. Palo Verde, Alpine

brainstorming

Instruction: List great neighborhoods to raise a family in East County San Diego Context: Response: 1. Mount Helix, La Mesa 2. Eucalyptus Hills, Lakeside 3. Fletcher Hills, El Cajon 4. Granite Hills, El Cajon 5. Vista Grande, Rancho San Diego 6. Sky Ranch, Santee 7. Palo Verde, Alpine

Which are the states in India with coastlines?

Most of the southern states in India are having coastlines that include Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Andra Pradesh, and Telangana. Towards the east-west Bengal and Orissa have a long coastline and towards the west Maharashtra and Gujrat.

open_qa

Instruction: Which are the states in India with coastlines? Context: Response: Most of the southern states in India are having coastlines that include Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Andra Pradesh, and Telangana. Towards the east-west Bengal and Orissa have a long coastline and towards the west Maharashtra and Gujrat.

Extract the systems College Hoops 2K7 was released on. Separate them with a comma.

College Hoops 2K7 is an American college basketball video game initially released on November 22, 2006 for the Xbox and Xbox 360 and released later for the PlayStation 2 (December 11) and PlayStation 3 (March 14, 2007). It is the 5th installment of the series, which began with NCAA College Basketball 2K3. It features former Duke JJ Redick on the cover. It is produced by 2K Sports. It is the first college basketball game for the PlayStation 3. Redick was a special correspondent to the development of the game and added his signature shot style in motion capture. Every school competing in Division I NCAA College Basketball is included in 2K7, including D-1 transitional independents (such as New Jersey Institute of Technology). The game also features the ability to change and modify rosters. Coaches Roy Williams, Lute Olson, Billy Donovan, John Calipari, Jay Wright, and Sidney Lowe lend their likenesses to the game.[citation needed] There is a preview show with hosts Greg Gumbel and Clark Kellogg.

Xbox, Xbox 360, PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3

information_extraction

Instruction: Extract the systems College Hoops 2K7 was released on. Separate them with a comma. Context: College Hoops 2K7 is an American college basketball video game initially released on November 22, 2006 for the Xbox and Xbox 360 and released later for the PlayStation 2 (December 11) and PlayStation 3 (March 14, 2007). It is the 5th installment of the series, which began with NCAA College Basketball 2K3. It features former Duke JJ Redick on the cover. It is produced by 2K Sports. It is the first college basketball game for the PlayStation 3. Redick was a special correspondent to the development of the game and added his signature shot style in motion capture. Every school competing in Division I NCAA College Basketball is included in 2K7, including D-1 transitional independents (such as New Jersey Institute of Technology). The game also features the ability to change and modify rosters. Coaches Roy Williams, Lute Olson, Billy Donovan, John Calipari, Jay Wright, and Sidney Lowe lend their likenesses to the game.[citation needed] There is a preview show with hosts Greg Gumbel and Clark Kellogg. Response: Xbox, Xbox 360, PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3

Is it football or soccer that they play in the Netherlands?

In the Netherlands they play football.

open_qa

Instruction: Is it football or soccer that they play in the Netherlands? Context: Response: In the Netherlands they play football.

What Constitutes a Foul in Football?

As a rule, a football foul would be an unfair act committed by a player which interferes with active play. A match referee would decide on the foul while officiating the game's laws. There are different outcomes that punish soccer fouls. The referee can award either a direct or an indirect free-kick (depending on the offence). In some cases, a foul in football results in a penalty spot kick awarded to the opposing team.

general_qa

Instruction: What Constitutes a Foul in Football? Context: Response: As a rule, a football foul would be an unfair act committed by a player which interferes with active play. A match referee would decide on the foul while officiating the game's laws. There are different outcomes that punish soccer fouls. The referee can award either a direct or an indirect free-kick (depending on the offence). In some cases, a foul in football results in a penalty spot kick awarded to the opposing team.

What is linux Bootloader

A bootloader, also spelled as boot loader or called boot manager and bootstrap loader, is a computer program that is responsible for booting a computer. When a computer is turned off, its software including operating systems, application code, and data‍—‌remains stored on non-volatile memory. When the computer is powered on, it typically does not have an operating system or its loader in random-access memory (RAM). The computer first executes a relatively small program stored in read-only memory (ROM, and later EEPROM, NOR flash) along with some needed data, to initialize RAM (especially on x86 systems), to access the nonvolatile device (usually block device, eg NAND flash) or devices from which the operating system programs and data can be loaded into RAM. Some earlier computer systems, upon receiving a boot signal from a human operator or a peripheral device, may load a very small number of fixed instructions into memory at a specific location, initialize at least one CPU, and then point the CPU to the instructions and start their execution. These instructions typically start an input operation from some peripheral device (which may be switch-selectable by the operator). Other systems may send hardware commands directly to peripheral devices or I/O controllers that cause an extremely simple input operation (such as "read sector zero of the system device into memory starting at location 1000") to be carried out, effectively loading a small number of boot loader instructions into memory; a completion signal from the I/O device may then be used to start execution of the instructions by the CPU. Smaller computers often use less flexible but more automatic boot loader mechanisms to ensure that the computer starts quickly and with a predetermined software configuration. In many desktop computers, for example, the bootstrapping process begins with the CPU executing software contained in ROM (for example, the BIOS of an IBM PC or an IBM PC compatible) at a predefined address (some CPUs, including the Intel x86 series are designed to execute this software after reset without outside help). This software contains rudimentary functionality to search for devices eligible to participate in booting, and load a small program from a special section (most commonly the boot sector) of the most promising device, typically starting at a fixed entry point such as the start of the sector.

A bootloader is a program written in machine code that loads the operating system into RAM during the boot process.

closed_qa

Instruction: What is linux Bootloader Context: A bootloader, also spelled as boot loader or called boot manager and bootstrap loader, is a computer program that is responsible for booting a computer. When a computer is turned off, its software including operating systems, application code, and data‍—‌remains stored on non-volatile memory. When the computer is powered on, it typically does not have an operating system or its loader in random-access memory (RAM). The computer first executes a relatively small program stored in read-only memory (ROM, and later EEPROM, NOR flash) along with some needed data, to initialize RAM (especially on x86 systems), to access the nonvolatile device (usually block device, eg NAND flash) or devices from which the operating system programs and data can be loaded into RAM. Some earlier computer systems, upon receiving a boot signal from a human operator or a peripheral device, may load a very small number of fixed instructions into memory at a specific location, initialize at least one CPU, and then point the CPU to the instructions and start their execution. These instructions typically start an input operation from some peripheral device (which may be switch-selectable by the operator). Other systems may send hardware commands directly to peripheral devices or I/O controllers that cause an extremely simple input operation (such as "read sector zero of the system device into memory starting at location 1000") to be carried out, effectively loading a small number of boot loader instructions into memory; a completion signal from the I/O device may then be used to start execution of the instructions by the CPU. Smaller computers often use less flexible but more automatic boot loader mechanisms to ensure that the computer starts quickly and with a predetermined software configuration. In many desktop computers, for example, the bootstrapping process begins with the CPU executing software contained in ROM (for example, the BIOS of an IBM PC or an IBM PC compatible) at a predefined address (some CPUs, including the Intel x86 series are designed to execute this software after reset without outside help). This software contains rudimentary functionality to search for devices eligible to participate in booting, and load a small program from a special section (most commonly the boot sector) of the most promising device, typically starting at a fixed entry point such as the start of the sector. Response: A bootloader is a program written in machine code that loads the operating system into RAM during the boot process.

Which countries has Tamil as one of their official languages?

Tamil (/ˈtɑːmɪl/; தமிழ் Tamiḻ [t̪amiɻ], pronunciation (help·info)) is a Dravidian language natively spoken by the Tamil people of South Asia. Tamil is an official language of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu, the sovereign nations of Sri Lanka and Singapore, and the Indian Union territory of Puducherry. Tamil is also spoken by significant minorities in the four other South Indian states of Kerala, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, and the Union Territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. It is also spoken by the Tamil diaspora found in many countries, including Malaysia, Myanmar, South Africa, United Kingdom, United States, Canada, Australia and Mauritius. Tamil is also natively spoken by Sri Lankan Moors. One of 22 scheduled languages in the Constitution of India, Tamil was the first to be classified as a classical language of India. Tamil is one of the longest-surviving classical languages of India. A. K. Ramanujan described it as "the only language of contemporary India which is recognizably continuous with a classical past". The variety and quality of classical Tamil literature has led to it being described as "one of the great classical traditions and literatures of the world". Recorded Tamil literature has been documented for over 2000 years. The earliest period of Tamil literature, Sangam literature, is dated from c. 300 BC until AD 300. It has the oldest extant literature among Dravidian languages. The earliest epigraphic records found on rock edicts and 'hero stones' date from around the 3rd century BC. About 60,000 of the approximately 100,000 inscriptions found by the Archaeological Survey of India in India are in Tamil Nadu. Of them, most are in Tamil, with only about 5 percent in other languages. Tamil language inscriptions written in Brahmi script have been discovered in Sri Lanka and on trade goods in Thailand and Egypt. The two earliest manuscripts from India, acknowledged and registered by the UNESCO Memory of the World register in 1997 and 2005, were written in Tamil. In 1578, Portuguese Christian missionaries published a Tamil prayer book in old Tamil script named Thambiran Vanakkam, thus making Tamil the first Indian language to be printed and published. The Tamil Lexicon, published by the University of Madras, was one of the earliest dictionaries published in Indian languages. According to a 2001 survey, there were 1,863 newspapers published in Tamil, of which 353 were dailies. Classification Main article: Dravidian languages Tamil belongs to the southern branch of the Dravidian languages, a family of around 26 languages native to the Indian subcontinent. It is also classified as being part of a Tamil language family that, alongside Tamil proper, includes the languages of about 35 ethno-linguistic groups such as the Irula and Yerukula languages (see SIL Ethnologue). The closest major relative of Tamil is Malayalam; the two began diverging around the 9th century AD. Although many of the differences between Tamil and Malayalam demonstrate a pre-historic split of the western dialect, the process of separation into a distinct language, Malayalam, was not completed until sometime in the 13th or 14th century. History Findings from Adichanallur in the Government Museum, Chennai Keezhadi excavation site Tamil, like other Dravidian languages, ultimately descends from the Proto-Dravidian language, which was most likely spoken around the third millennium BC, possibly in the region around the lower Godavari river basin. The material evidence suggests that the speakers of Proto-Dravidian were of the culture associated with the Neolithic complexes of South India. Among Indian languages, Tamil has the most ancient non-Sanskritic Indian literature. Scholars categorise the attested history of the language into three periods: Old Tamil (600 BC–AD 700), Middle Tamil (700–1600) and Modern Tamil (1600–present). In November 2007, an excavation at Quseir-al-Qadim revealed Egyptian pottery dating back to first century BC with ancient Tamil Brahmi inscriptions. There are a number of apparent Tamil loanwords in Biblical Hebrew dating to before 500 BC, the oldest attestation of the language. John Guy states that Tamil was the lingua franca for early maritime traders from India. In 2004, a number of skeletons were found buried in earthenware urns in Adichanallur. Some of these urns contained writing in Tamil Brahmi script, and some contained skeletons of Tamil origin. Between 2017 and 2018, 5,820 artifacts have been found in Keezhadi. These sent to Beta Analytic in Miami, Florida for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) dating. One sample containing Tamil-Brahmi inscriptions was claimed to be dated to around 580 BC.

Tamil is one of the official languages in the following countries and territories. India, Srilanka, Singapore and Indian union territory of Puducherry.

information_extraction

Instruction: Which countries has Tamil as one of their official languages? Context: Tamil (/ˈtɑːmɪl/; தமிழ் Tamiḻ [t̪amiɻ], pronunciation (help·info)) is a Dravidian language natively spoken by the Tamil people of South Asia. Tamil is an official language of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu, the sovereign nations of Sri Lanka and Singapore, and the Indian Union territory of Puducherry. Tamil is also spoken by significant minorities in the four other South Indian states of Kerala, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, and the Union Territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. It is also spoken by the Tamil diaspora found in many countries, including Malaysia, Myanmar, South Africa, United Kingdom, United States, Canada, Australia and Mauritius. Tamil is also natively spoken by Sri Lankan Moors. One of 22 scheduled languages in the Constitution of India, Tamil was the first to be classified as a classical language of India. Tamil is one of the longest-surviving classical languages of India. A. K. Ramanujan described it as "the only language of contemporary India which is recognizably continuous with a classical past". The variety and quality of classical Tamil literature has led to it being described as "one of the great classical traditions and literatures of the world". Recorded Tamil literature has been documented for over 2000 years. The earliest period of Tamil literature, Sangam literature, is dated from c. 300 BC until AD 300. It has the oldest extant literature among Dravidian languages. The earliest epigraphic records found on rock edicts and 'hero stones' date from around the 3rd century BC. About 60,000 of the approximately 100,000 inscriptions found by the Archaeological Survey of India in India are in Tamil Nadu. Of them, most are in Tamil, with only about 5 percent in other languages. Tamil language inscriptions written in Brahmi script have been discovered in Sri Lanka and on trade goods in Thailand and Egypt. The two earliest manuscripts from India, acknowledged and registered by the UNESCO Memory of the World register in 1997 and 2005, were written in Tamil. In 1578, Portuguese Christian missionaries published a Tamil prayer book in old Tamil script named Thambiran Vanakkam, thus making Tamil the first Indian language to be printed and published. The Tamil Lexicon, published by the University of Madras, was one of the earliest dictionaries published in Indian languages. According to a 2001 survey, there were 1,863 newspapers published in Tamil, of which 353 were dailies. Classification Main article: Dravidian languages Tamil belongs to the southern branch of the Dravidian languages, a family of around 26 languages native to the Indian subcontinent. It is also classified as being part of a Tamil language family that, alongside Tamil proper, includes the languages of about 35 ethno-linguistic groups such as the Irula and Yerukula languages (see SIL Ethnologue). The closest major relative of Tamil is Malayalam; the two began diverging around the 9th century AD. Although many of the differences between Tamil and Malayalam demonstrate a pre-historic split of the western dialect, the process of separation into a distinct language, Malayalam, was not completed until sometime in the 13th or 14th century. History Findings from Adichanallur in the Government Museum, Chennai Keezhadi excavation site Tamil, like other Dravidian languages, ultimately descends from the Proto-Dravidian language, which was most likely spoken around the third millennium BC, possibly in the region around the lower Godavari river basin. The material evidence suggests that the speakers of Proto-Dravidian were of the culture associated with the Neolithic complexes of South India. Among Indian languages, Tamil has the most ancient non-Sanskritic Indian literature. Scholars categorise the attested history of the language into three periods: Old Tamil (600 BC–AD 700), Middle Tamil (700–1600) and Modern Tamil (1600–present). In November 2007, an excavation at Quseir-al-Qadim revealed Egyptian pottery dating back to first century BC with ancient Tamil Brahmi inscriptions. There are a number of apparent Tamil loanwords in Biblical Hebrew dating to before 500 BC, the oldest attestation of the language. John Guy states that Tamil was the lingua franca for early maritime traders from India. In 2004, a number of skeletons were found buried in earthenware urns in Adichanallur. Some of these urns contained writing in Tamil Brahmi script, and some contained skeletons of Tamil origin. Between 2017 and 2018, 5,820 artifacts have been found in Keezhadi. These sent to Beta Analytic in Miami, Florida for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) dating. One sample containing Tamil-Brahmi inscriptions was claimed to be dated to around 580 BC. Response: Tamil is one of the official languages in the following countries and territories. India, Srilanka, Singapore and Indian union territory of Puducherry.

What is Ancient Girl's Frame

Ancient Girl's Frame (Japanese: 闘神機ジーズフレーム, Hepburn: Tōshinki Jīzu Furēmu) is a Japanese-Chinese original net animation series which aired in Chinese on streaming platforms from October 11 to December 27, 2021, and on Japanese television on Tokyo MX the following day. The series is licensed in North America by Funimation.

open_qa

Instruction: What is Ancient Girl's Frame Context: Response: Ancient Girl's Frame (Japanese: 闘神機ジーズフレーム, Hepburn: Tōshinki Jīzu Furēmu) is a Japanese-Chinese original net animation series which aired in Chinese on streaming platforms from October 11 to December 27, 2021, and on Japanese television on Tokyo MX the following day. The series is licensed in North America by Funimation.

Classify each of the following as a French or Italian company: Campari, Dior, Hermes, Ferrari, Prada

Campari: Italian Dior: French Hermes: French Ferrari: Italian Prada: Italian

classification

Instruction: Classify each of the following as a French or Italian company: Campari, Dior, Hermes, Ferrari, Prada Context: Response: Campari: Italian Dior: French Hermes: French Ferrari: Italian Prada: Italian

From the given paragraph extract all the cities that got the rail along with the year in the format {City} - {Year} and show as a bullet list

India's first passenger train, operated by the Great Indian Peninsula Railway and hauled by three steam locomotives (Sahib, Sindh and Sultan), ran for 34 kilometres (21 mi) with 400 people in 14 carriages on 1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in) broad gauge track between Bori Bunder (Mumbai) and Thane on 16 April 1853. The Thane viaducts, India's first railway bridges, were built over the Thane creek when the Mumbai-Thane line was extended to Kalyan in May 1854. Eastern India's first passenger train ran 39 km (24 mi) from Howrah, near Kolkata, to Hoogly on 15 August 1854. The first passenger train in South India ran 97 km (60 mi) from Royapuram-Veyasarapady (Madras) to Wallajaroad (Arcot) on 1 July 1856. On 24 February 1873, a horse-drawn 3.8 km (2.4 mi) tram opened in Calcutta between Sealdah and Armenian Ghat Street. On 9 May 1874, a horse-drawn tramway began operation in Bombay between Colaba and Parel. In 1879, the Nizam's Guaranteed State Railway was established which built several railway lines across the then Hyderabad State with Kachiguda Railway Station serving as its headquarters. In 1897, lighting in passenger coaches was introduced by many railway companies. On 3 February 1925, the first electric passenger train in India ran between Victoria Terminus and Kurla.

Bori Bunder (Mumbai) - 1853 Thane - 1853 Howrah - 1854 Hoogly - 1854 Royapuram-Veyasarapady (Madras) - 1856 Wallajaroad (Arcot) - 1856 Sealdah - 1873 Armenian Ghat Street - 1873 Colaba - 1874 Parel - 1874 Kachiguda - 1879 Victoria Terminus - 1925 Kurla - 1925

information_extraction

Instruction: From the given paragraph extract all the cities that got the rail along with the year in the format {City} - {Year} and show as a bullet list Context: India's first passenger train, operated by the Great Indian Peninsula Railway and hauled by three steam locomotives (Sahib, Sindh and Sultan), ran for 34 kilometres (21 mi) with 400 people in 14 carriages on 1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in) broad gauge track between Bori Bunder (Mumbai) and Thane on 16 April 1853. The Thane viaducts, India's first railway bridges, were built over the Thane creek when the Mumbai-Thane line was extended to Kalyan in May 1854. Eastern India's first passenger train ran 39 km (24 mi) from Howrah, near Kolkata, to Hoogly on 15 August 1854. The first passenger train in South India ran 97 km (60 mi) from Royapuram-Veyasarapady (Madras) to Wallajaroad (Arcot) on 1 July 1856. On 24 February 1873, a horse-drawn 3.8 km (2.4 mi) tram opened in Calcutta between Sealdah and Armenian Ghat Street. On 9 May 1874, a horse-drawn tramway began operation in Bombay between Colaba and Parel. In 1879, the Nizam's Guaranteed State Railway was established which built several railway lines across the then Hyderabad State with Kachiguda Railway Station serving as its headquarters. In 1897, lighting in passenger coaches was introduced by many railway companies. On 3 February 1925, the first electric passenger train in India ran between Victoria Terminus and Kurla. Response: Bori Bunder (Mumbai) - 1853 Thane - 1853 Howrah - 1854 Hoogly - 1854 Royapuram-Veyasarapady (Madras) - 1856 Wallajaroad (Arcot) - 1856 Sealdah - 1873 Armenian Ghat Street - 1873 Colaba - 1874 Parel - 1874 Kachiguda - 1879 Victoria Terminus - 1925 Kurla - 1925

Which of the big five is the most dangerous animals in Africa ?

The African Buffalo is notorious for killing the most number of hunters.

brainstorming

Instruction: Which of the big five is the most dangerous animals in Africa ? Context: Response: The African Buffalo is notorious for killing the most number of hunters.