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is benzodiazepines a compound? | Chemistry. Benzodiazepine is a heterocyclic compound comprised of a benzene ring fused to a diazepine ring. Benzodiazepine drugs are substituted 1,4-benzodiazepines with different side groups attached to the central structure | By K K Jain MD. Benzodiazepines are psychoactive drugs whose core chemical structure is the fusion of a benzene ring and a diazepine ring. The first benzodiazepine, chlordiazepoxide (Librium), was discovered in 1955 and became available for clinical use in 1960 (Sternbach 1972). A classification of benzodiazepines into various types based on chemical structure is as follows: 1 2-keto compounds: chlordiazepoxide, clorazepate, diazepam, flurazepam, halazepam, prazepam, and others. 2 3-hydroxy compounds: lorazepam, lormetazepam, oxazepam, temazepam. | Long-acting benzodiazepines with long-acting active metabolites such as diazepam and chlordiazepoxide are often prescribed for benzodiazepine or alcohol withdrawal as well as for anxiety if constant dose levels are required throughout the day. Equivalencies between individual benzodiazepines can differ by 400 fold on a mg per mg basis; awareness of this fact is necessary for the safe and effective use of benzodiazepines. | 1 Rebound insomnia, however, is more common upon discontinuation of intermediate-acting benzodiazepines than longer-acting benzodiazepines. 2 Examples are alprazolam, estazolam, flunitrazepam, clonazepam, lormetazepam, lorazepam, nitrazepam, and temazepam. 3 Long-acting compounds have a half-life of 40–250 hours. The term benzodiazepine is the chemical name for the heterocyclic ring system (see figure to the right), which is a fusion between the benzene and diazepine ring systems. | On balance, intermediate-acting compounds such as temazepam or lormetazepam are to be preferred: longer-acting compounds may produce residual and cumulative effects, whereas shorter-acting compounds such as triazolam may be associated with increases in daytime anxiety. Intermittent use is often advisable (32). Temazepam is a medium-acting benzodiazepine and residual effects are infrequent after 10 or 20 but appreciable after 30 or 40 mg (16). The chlorinated derivative, lormetazepam, has similar properties in doses of 0.5 to 1 mg. Triazolam is a very short-acting hypnotic and residual effects would not be expected (17). |
what is sick leave in or | Sick leave (or paid sick days or sick pay) is time off from work that workers can use to stay home to address their health and safety needs without losing pay. Paid sick leave is a statutory requirement in many nations around the world. | Sick Leave is intended to provide continuity of income to the employee in the event of health related issues that prevent the employee from working his or her regularly paid hours. | General Sick Leave Policies. 1 Sick leave is not earned during periods of leave when an employee is not in pay status. 2 While an employee is on a paid sick leave (or vacation leave) they do accrue leave. 3 Holidays recognized by the University will not be included in sick leave. | 1 Sick leave is not earned during periods of leave when an employee is not in pay status. 2 While an employee is on a paid sick leave (or vacation leave) they do accrue leave. | 1 Provides that leave can be taken as paid sick leave if the employer has five or more employees who work more than 80 hours a calendar year in New York City and provides unpaid sick leave if the employer has one to four employees who work more than 80 hours a calendar year in New York City. |
which branch of government can declare laws unconstitutional | Checks and Balances. The U.S. government is designed such that the three branches of the federal government have a number of built-in checks and balances. The judicial branch can declare laws passed by Congress or executive acts by the President of the United States unconstitutional, thus legally voiding them. However, all federal judges are nominated by the president and approved by the Senate. Additionally, Congress can remove a federal judge from office by impeachment. | No other court has the power to declare laws unconstitutional than the Supreme Court. That is why it has the word supreme in it, no other court has this name I presume. Because they are one of the 3 branches of the government that hold such prestige besides the executive and the legislative branch of the government. | Judicial Review Article III (constitutional) federal courts in the Judicial Branch of government may declare a law unconstitutional under the doctrine of judicial review, but … only if the law is relevant to a case or controversy before the court. | In other words, the Supreme Court may declare legislation unconstitutional. Thomas Jefferson, Andrew Jackson, and Franklin Roosevelt are three notable presidents who have been critical of this asserted power. Nevertheless the Supreme Court's power to decide constitutionality is a basic feature of U.S. law. | The federal Judicial Branch, consisting of the US District Courts, the US Court of International Trade, the US Court of Appeals Circuit Courts and the US Supreme Court can dec … lare acts of Congress unconstitutional, but only if the act has already been signed into law and is relevant to a case before the court. |
different types names of good bacteria in food | Lactobacillus. There are more than 80 species of the Lactobacillus genus of probiotics. One of these species, acidophilus, is the most frequently used good bacterium, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center. Lactobacillus acidophilus, also called L. acidophilus, resides in the intestines where it helps in the digestion of food. Good bacteria, also called probiotics, are similar to bacteria that reside naturally in your body. | 2. Yogurt. This is probably the best-known healthy bacteria food of all. Look for low-sugar and lower-calorie yogurts that contain lactobacillus, bifidus and acidophilus to reap the stomach-health benefits. 3. Sauerkraut. | E.coli or Escherichia coli are bacteria that normally live in the intestines of humans and animals. Although, most strains of these bacteria are harmless, several are known to produce toxins that can cause diarrhea. One particular E.coli strain called 0157 can cause severe diarrhea and kidney damage. | Also like plants, they give off oxygen. Other bacteria absorb food from the material they live on or in. Some of these bacteria can live off unusual foods such as iron or sulfur. The microbes that live in your gut absorb nutrients from the digested food you've eaten. | Foodborne illness is caused by eating or drinking food that contains disease causing agents. The most common causes of foodborne diseases are bacteria, viruses, and parasites. Foods containing toxic chemicals can cause foodborne diseases as well. Typically, our immune system fights off germs to prevent illness. There are over two hundred types of bacteria, viruses, and parasites that can cause foodborne diseases. Reactions to these germs can range from mild gastric and digestive system discomfort to death. The easiest way to prevent foodborne illness is to properly handle and cook foods. |
different types names of good bacteria in food | Yogurt. Yogurt is one of the most familiar sources of probiotics -- good bacteria that keep a healthy balance in your gut. Studies suggest that probiotics can help ease lactose intolerance. They also may help tame gas, diarrhea, and other digestive problems. | Foodborne illness is caused by eating or drinking food that contains disease causing agents. The most common causes of foodborne diseases are bacteria, viruses, and parasites. Foods containing toxic chemicals can cause foodborne diseases as well. Typically, our immune system fights off germs to prevent illness. There are over two hundred types of bacteria, viruses, and parasites that can cause foodborne diseases. Reactions to these germs can range from mild gastric and digestive system discomfort to death. The easiest way to prevent foodborne illness is to properly handle and cook foods. | Probiotics may be beneficial to your health, and they are available in yogurt or in various dietary supplements, according to the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine. Probiotics have also been formulated into suppositories and creams for specific uses. Although there is some clinical evidence that the different types of good bacteria can address certain medical conditions, you should not use probiotics or any other dietary supplement without first consulting your doctor. Good bacteria, also called probiotics, are similar to bacteria that reside naturally in your body. | E.coli or Escherichia coli are bacteria that normally live in the intestines of humans and animals. Although, most strains of these bacteria are harmless, several are known to produce toxins that can cause diarrhea. One particular E.coli strain called 0157 can cause severe diarrhea and kidney damage. | Bacteria in food production. Bacteria are used to make a wide range of food products. The most important bacteria in food manufacturing are Lactobacillus species, also referred to as lactic bacteria. Dairy industry. It would be impossible to make cheese without a starter culture. |
who invented the saddle for horses | Early day horseman rode bareback. From traveling to waging war, for hundreds of years, man rode without a saddle. The first saddle is believed to have been invented in 365 AD by the Sarmations. Proud horsemen who used their horses in battle and also sacrificed them to the gods, their saddle creations were brought back to Europe by the Huns. | … Others claim that the Sarmatians, a people originally of Iranian stock who lived by the Black Sea, invented the saddle, including stirrups and spurs, around 365 A.D.. They were skilled horsemen who trained their horses for use in battle. | The western saddle was invented by Mexican Vaquero's who used the Iberian saddle and added a horn to the front to attach ropes and equipment. The western saddle was designed for the riders comfort in mind and not the horses when they were first created. 7 people found this useful. | It is uncertain who invented the first horseshoe. It is known that as early as the 6th century, European horsemen began nailing metal shoes to the bottoms of horse hooves. Thi … s was a development from the leather and organic shoes that were used by Asian horsemen to that point in history. | That is how the modern English style saddle came about. The western saddle was invented by Mexican Vaquero's who used the Iberian saddle and added a horn to the front to attach ropes and equipment. The western saddle was designed for the riders comfort in mind and not the horses when they were first created. |
what are the main ingredients for arepas | 1 Toss together arepa flour, cheese, and 1/8 teaspoon salt in a bowl, then stir in water until incorporated. 2 Let stand until enough water is absorbed for a soft dough to form, 1 to 2 minutes (dough will continue to stiffen). Preparation. 1 | Arepa (. [aˈɾepa]) is a flatbread made of ground maize dough or cooked flour prominent in the cuisine of Colombia and Venezuela. It is eaten daily in those countries and can be served with various accompaniments such as cheese (cuajada), avocado, or (especially in Venezuela) split and used to make sandwiches. Arepa flour is specially prepared (cooked in water, then dried) for making arepas and other maize dough-based dishes, such as hallacas, bollos, tamales, empanadas and chicha. The flour may be called masarepa, masa de arepa, masa al instante, or harina precocida. | 1 Combine arepa flour and salt in a medium bowl. 2 Make a well in the center and add 2 1/2 cups warm water. 3 Using a wooden spoon, gradually incorporate dry ingredients, stirring until no dry lumps remain. 4 Let rest 5 minutes to hydrate. 1 Heat 1 tablespoons oil in a large nonstick skillet over medium heat. 2 Add 4 arepas, cover, and cook until golden brown, 6–8 minutes. 3 Uncover, flip, and cook (keep uncovered) until other side is golden brown, 6–8 minutes. 4 Transfer arepas to a wire rack. 5 Repeat with remaining 1 tablespoons oil and dough | Advertisements. 1 Combine arepa flour and salt in a medium bowl. 2 Make a well in the center and add 2 1/2 cups warm water. 3 Using a wooden spoon, gradually incorporate dry ingredients, stirring until no dry lumps remain. 1 Heat 1 tablespoons oil in a large nonstick skillet over medium heat. 2 Add 4 arepas, cover, and cook until golden brown, 6–8 minutes. 3 Uncover, flip, and cook (keep uncovered) until other side is golden brown, 6–8 minutes. 4 Transfer arepas to a wire rack. 5 Repeat with remaining 1 tablespoons oil and dough | 1 Stir the salt into the arepa flour. 2 Pour 2 3/4 cups of hot water over flour and mix well with a wooden spoon. 3 Stir in the melted butter. 4 Cover dough with plastic wrap and let rest 15 minutes. 5 If preparing the thicker arepas, separate dough into 12 pieces. 6 Shape each piece into a smooth ball. Preparation. 1 Stir the salt into the arepa flour. 2 Pour 2 3/4 cups of hot water over flour and mix well with a wooden spoon. 3 Stir in the melted butter. 4 Cover dough with plastic wrap and let rest 15 minutes. 5 If preparing the thicker arepas, separate dough into 12 pieces. 6 Shape each piece into a smooth ball. |
meaning of the name ayla | Baby names meanings search results: The name Ayla is a baby girl name. The name Ayla comes from the Hebrew origin. In Hebrew The meaning of the name Ayla is: Oak tree. In literature Ayla is the Cro-Magnon heroine of Jean Auel's 'Clan of rhe Cave Bear'. Similar Names: | It can be a variant spelling of Ayla, which is pronounced (AY-luh), and is quickly gaining popularity among girls being born in the United States. Aila is also a Finnish name, probably a form of Helga or Olga, meaning bringer of light. Aila is also a character in the Sony PlayStation 2 game Suikoden III. | Meaning of Ayla. Israeli name. In Israeli, the name Ayla means-the oak tree. Other origins for the name Ayla include-Israeli, Hebrew.The name Ayla is most often used as a girl name or female name. Israeli Name Meaning-the oak tree. Origin-Israel. Alternate Origins-Hebrew. | Turkish name [edit]. Ayla in Turkish means halo of light around the moon. The name may also be encountered in other Turkic languages as, for example, an Azeri name. Since Ayla is reserved for the feminine, it is usually synonymous with moonlight , although it could also mean halo in general. Ayla also means with the moon as a word (ay + la where la is used for ile which means with in Turkish). However in the context of given names, its meaning is halo, and can be related to names Aylin (also deriving from ay), Tuelin, tülin Or. aylanur | In the novel, Ayla is the result of the Neanderthals' atttempts to pronounce the Cro-Magnon heroine's real name, which is not stated by the author. The popularity of the name in the USA stems from its origin in literature. Both the origin and meaning of the name Ayla is inherited by all variant forms. |
hydronic radiant floor heating cost per square foot | Typical costs: 1 Expect to pay about $6-$16 a square foot for a professionally installed hydronic (hot water) radiant floor heating system, or $9,000-$22,500 or more for a 1,500 square foot home, depending on local rates, the number of temperature zones and the overall size of the system. | Cost of Radiant Floor Heating. The cost of installing a hydronic radiant floor is approximately $4.00 to $6.00 persquare foot ($40-$60 per square meter). This fluctuates depending on the size of the room,the type of installation, the floor covering, remoteness of the site, and the cost oflabor. | A well designed radiant system... will normally cost less than $3 per square foot, and less than $2 for a slab on grade .. Interestingly enough, the site also explains that the larger the home the lower the cost of the equipment, and gives a quote for a five thousand square foot installation at $2 per square foot. | Typical installation costs for hydronic radiant floor heating can range from $3 to $7 per square foot. This is a broad range because every region is different in terms of contractor fees and there are so many different methods of installation. | Our free calculator uses recent, trusted data to estimate costs for your Electric Radiant Floor Installation project. For a basic 125 square feet project in zip code 47474, the benchmark cost to Install Radiant Floor Heat ranges between $5.17 - $7.89 per square foot* . To estimate costs for your project: 1. Set Project Zip Code Enter the Zip Code for the location where labor is hired and materials purchased. |
meaning of propagation | definition of propagation the act or action of propagating as a increase as of a kind of organism in numbers b the spreading of something as a belief abroad or into new regions c enlargement or extension as of a crack in a solid body see propagation defined for kids advertisement | 1 1 no object of a plant or animal reproduce by natural processes the plant propagates freely from stem cuttings more example sentences synonyms turning from the very small to the very large mathematics has also proved useful in understanding how particular tree species propagate across a geographic region | medical definition of propagate transitive verb 1 to cause to continue or increase by sexual or asexual reproduction 2 to cause to spread or to be transmitted | medical definition of propagate transitive verb 1 to cause to continue or increase by sexual or asexual reproduction 2 to cause to spread or to be transmitted | medical definition of propagate transitive verb 1 to cause to continue or increase by sexual or asexual reproduction 2 to cause to spread or to be transmitted |
do you have to do a phd to be a clinical psychologist | The goal you choose will determine your path. A clinical psychologist, for example, will have heavy training in both the theory and practice of psychology. You’ll typically need a doctorate degree in a psychology-related field in order to build a career. A psychiatrist has even more rigorous demands; becoming one requires medical school training. In order to do this, you have to do three things: 1) Get work experience under the supervision of a licensed professional (usually for two years); 2) Pass the board exams; and 3) Depending on your state, present a valid case study to the board. After all that work, you’ll finally be able to call yourself a psychologist! | Psychologists have a doctoral degree in an area of psychology, the study of the mind and human behavior. They’re not medical doctors. A psychologist can have a PhD in philosophy or a PsyD in clinical or counseling psychology. Typically, they do 1-2 years of internship. Unlike psychiatrists, psychologists are also trained in giving psychological tests (like IQ tests or personality tests). | The Path to Becoming a Psychologist. First, you will need a bachelor's degree (4 to 5 years), which teaches the fundamentals of psychology. After that, you will need a master's degree (2 to 3 years), which can qualify you to practice in the field as a case manager, employment specialist, or social worker. The type of doctoral degree you choose––either a Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) or Doctor of Philosophy in Psychology (PhD)––will depend on your career goals. Many states also require post-doctoral training equivalent to about 1 year of work. | Then, most state licensing boards require a doctorate (4 to 7 years). The type of doctoral degree you choose––either a Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) or Doctor of Philosophy in Psychology (PhD)––will depend on your career goals. Many states also require post-doctoral training equivalent to about 1 year of work. | A master's degree is the minimum requirement for most psychologist positions, and jobs in some branches of psychology will require you to have a doctorate degree. Upon completion of a doctorate program in psychology, you will be awarded either a Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) or Doctor of Psychology (Psy.D.) degree. Counseling Psychologist. You must have a master's degree and complete at least 100 hours of experience working directly with patients to become a licensed professional counselor (LPC). You may also have to pass an exam given by the state licensing board. Some states require counseling psychologists in private practice to have doctorates |
what wine goes with oysters | You may also enjoy these other types of wine with oysters or mussels: Chablis. (sha-BLEE): Crisp French Chardonnay. Clean & steely with citrus, green apple, white flowers, mineral. Muscadet. (meuhs-kah-DAY): A crisp French white from Loire. Tart apple, lemon-lime, mineral & salt water note. | Photos: White wines: 4 crisp favorites. You may notice that the winning wines are not the kind that usually dominate wine tastings-- they are not flashy or oaky. Instead, they tend to be crisp, fresh and, with few exceptions, relatively inexpensive. Winners included some familiar names from previous oyster wine competitions, as usual. | Pairing Wine and Oysters. The two things you will need to consider when pairing wine and oysters are the body of the oyster and wine and the sweetness or saltines of the two. Body is important in that one does not over power the other. We try to match the oysters fleshiness with the wine’s weight. | THE OYSTER WINE HALL OF FAME. When oysters and wine are good together, they are very, very good, letting you slip into that glowing envelope of happiness created by great food & wine moments. I recommend only the best of the best. | If you need a wine to pair with oysters or mussels, you could try a Pinot Grigio to go with it. Pinot Grigio. (PEE-noh GREE-geo): A light white wine with crisp citrus flavor. |
what strengths does lithium come in | Lithium 150 mg. Lithium (Eskalith ® , Eskalith CR ® , Lithobid ®) is a medication used for the treatment of bipolar disorder. It is available by prescription only and comes in several different forms and strengths, including: 1 Lithium carbonate 150 mg capsules. 1 Lithium carbonate 300 mg tablets. 2 Lithium carbonate 300 mg extended-release tablets (Lithobid). 3 Lithium carbonate 450 mg extended-release tablets (Eskalith CR). 4 Lithium citrate syrup, containing 8 mEq lithium per 5 mL, which is equivalent to 300 mg lithium carbonate per 5 mL or per teaspoonful. | The recommended starting dosage for acute mania is 600 mg three times daily (for liquid lithium, immediate-release lithium tablets, and lithium capsules). For extended-release lithium tablets, the recommended starting dose is 900 mg twice daily. | As a mood stabilizer, lithium is probably more effective in preventing mania than in preventing depression, but it does reduce the risk of suicide in people with bipolar disorder. In depression alone (unipolar disorder), lithium can be used to augment other antidepressants. A number of salts of lithium are used as mood-stabilizing drugs, primarily in the treatment of bipolar disorder, where they have a role in treating depression and, particularly, of mania, both acutely and in the long term. | The recommended starting lithium dosage for acute mania is 600 mg three times a day. For extended-release tablets, the recommended starting dose is 900 mg twice daily. Although a higher dosage is necessary to control the severe symptoms of mania, a much lower dose is needed for maintenance treatment. 1 Lithium carbonate 300 mg tablets. 2 Lithium carbonate 300 mg extended-release tablets (Lithobid). 3 Lithium carbonate 450 mg extended-release tablets (Eskalith CR). 4 Lithium citrate syrup, containing 8 mEq lithium per 5 mL, which is equivalent to 300 mg lithium carbonate per 5 mL or per teaspoonful. | A: Lithium is a medication that is used to treat manic depression. Some of the more common side effects seen with lithium are tremor, diarrhea, vomiting, drowsiness, muscle weakness, anorexia, nausea, blurred vision, dry mouth, and fatigue. A: Lithium (Lithobid) is an antimanic agent used for the treatment of mania associated with bipolar disorder. According to the National Institutes of Health, lithium works by decreasing abnormal brain activity. The most common side effects with lithium are hand tremor, thirst, and nausea. |
what is polarity index definition | Polarity Index. Burdick & Jackson solvents are arranged in order of increasing polarity index, a relative measure of the degree of interaction of the solvent with various polar test solutes. | Medical Definition of POLARITY. 1. : the quality or condition inherent in a body that exhibits contrasting properties or powers in contrasting parts or directions. 2. : attraction toward a particular object or in a specific direction. 3. 1. : the quality or condition inherent in a body that exhibits opposite properties or powers in opposite parts or directions or that exhibits contrasted properties or powers in contrasted parts or directions: the condition of having pole | Full Definition of POLARITY. 1. : the quality or condition inherent in a body that exhibits opposite properties or powers in opposite parts or directions or that exhibits contrasted properties or powers in contrasted parts or directions: the condition of having poles. 2. : attraction toward a particular object or in a specific direction. 3. | Water (H 2 O) is an example of a polar molecule since it has a slight positive charge on one side and a slight negative charge on the other. The dipoles do not cancel out resulting in a net dipole. Due to the polar nature of the water molecule itself, polar molecules are generally able to dissolve in water. 1 Non-polar bonds occur when the difference in electronegativity between the two atoms is less than 0.4. 2 Polar bonds occur when the difference in electronegativity between the two atoms is between 0.4 and 1.7. 3 Ionic bonds occur when the difference in electronegativity between the two atoms is greater than 1.7. | Definition. noun. (1) The presence of or having distinct and opposite poles. (2) The condition of having contrasting properties or direction. (3) (chemistry) The tendency of forming distinctive opposing charges based on the orientation of chemical bonds and spatial structure of the molecule. Polarity enables water to interact with various compounds. (Biology) Polarity is also an essential and common feature in organisms, particularly at the cell level. Examples of polarity manifested in a cell or group of cells are as follows: 1 polarity inside a dividing cell (during cell division). |
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