metadata

language:
  - en
tags:
  - sentence-transformers
  - sentence-similarity
  - feature-extraction
  - generated_from_trainer
  - dataset_size:5749
  - loss:CoSENTLoss
base_model: answerdotai/ModernBERT-base
widget:
  - source_sentence: A chef is preparing some food.
    sentences:
      - Five birds stand on the snow.
      - A chef prepared a meal.
      - There is no 'still' that is not relative to some other object.
  - source_sentence: A woman is adding oil on fishes.
    sentences:
      - Large cruise ship floating on the water.
      - >-
        It refers to the maximum f-stop (which is defined as the ratio of focal
        length to effective aperture diameter).
      - The woman is cutting potatoes.
  - source_sentence: The player shoots the winning points.
    sentences:
      - Minimum wage laws hurt the least skilled, least productive the most.
      - The basketball player is about to score points for his team.
      - Three televisions, on on the floor, the other two on a box.
  - source_sentence: >-
      Stars form in star-formation regions, which itself develop from molecular
      clouds.
    sentences:
      - >-
        Although I believe Searle is mistaken, I don't think you have found the
        problem.
      - >-
        It may be possible for a solar system like ours to exist outside of a
        galaxy.
      - >-
        A blond-haired child performing on the trumpet in front of a house while
        his younger brother watches.
  - source_sentence: >-
      While Queen may refer to both Queen regent (sovereign) or Queen consort,
      the King has always been the sovereign.
    sentences:
      - At first, I thought this is a bit of a tricky question.
      - A man plays the guitar.
      - >-
        There is a very good reason not to refer to the Queen's spouse as "King"
        - because they aren't the King.
datasets:
  - sentence-transformers/stsb
pipeline_tag: sentence-similarity
library_name: sentence-transformers
metrics:
  - pearson_cosine
  - spearman_cosine
model-index:
  - name: SentenceTransformer based on answerdotai/ModernBERT-base
    results:
      - task:
          type: semantic-similarity
          name: Semantic Similarity
        dataset:
          name: sts dev
          type: sts-dev
        metrics:
          - type: pearson_cosine
            value: 0.8852980015571335
            name: Pearson Cosine
          - type: spearman_cosine
            value: 0.8901492685485294
            name: Spearman Cosine
      - task:
          type: semantic-similarity
          name: Semantic Similarity
        dataset:
          name: sts test
          type: sts-test
        metrics:
          - type: pearson_cosine
            value: 0.8534015274240484
            name: Pearson Cosine
          - type: spearman_cosine
            value: 0.8664977296028419
            name: Spearman Cosine

SentenceTransformer based on answerdotai/ModernBERT-base

This is a sentence-transformers model finetuned from answerdotai/ModernBERT-base on the stsb dataset. It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 768-dimensional dense vector space and can be used for semantic textual similarity, semantic search and clustering.

Model Details

Model Description

Model Type: Sentence Transformer
Base model: answerdotai/ModernBERT-base
Maximum Sequence Length: 8192 tokens
Output Dimensionality: 768 dimensions
Similarity Function: Cosine Similarity
Training Dataset:
- stsb
Language: en

Model Sources

Documentation: Sentence Transformers Documentation
Repository: Sentence Transformers on GitHub
Hugging Face: Sentence Transformers on Hugging Face

Full Model Architecture

SentenceTransformer(
  (0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 8192, 'do_lower_case': False}) with Transformer model: ModernBertModel 
  (1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 768, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': True, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_weightedmean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_lasttoken': False, 'include_prompt': True})
)

Usage

Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers)

First install the Sentence Transformers library:

pip install -U sentence-transformers

Then you can load this model and run inference.

from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer

# Download from the 🤗 Hub
model = SentenceTransformer("mariotesta/ModernBERT-base-sts-CoSENT")
# Run inference
sentences = [
    'While Queen may refer to both Queen regent (sovereign) or Queen consort, the King has always been the sovereign.',
    'There is a very good reason not to refer to the Queen\'s spouse as "King" - because they aren\'t the King.',
    'A man plays the guitar.',
]
embeddings = model.encode(sentences)
print(embeddings.shape)
# [3, 768]

# Get the similarity scores for the embeddings
similarities = model.similarity(embeddings, embeddings)
print(similarities.shape)
# [3, 3]

Evaluation

Metrics

Semantic Similarity

Datasets: sts-dev and sts-test
Evaluated with EmbeddingSimilarityEvaluator

Metric	sts-dev	sts-test
pearson_cosine	0.8853	0.8534
spearman_cosine	0.8901	0.8665

Training Details

Training Dataset

stsb

Dataset: stsb at ab7a5ac
Size: 5,749 training samples
Columns: sentence1, sentence2, and score
Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:
sentence1 sentence2 score
type string string float
details
min: 6 tokens
mean: 10.16 tokens
max: 28 tokens

min: 6 tokens
mean: 10.12 tokens
max: 25 tokens

min: 0.0
mean: 0.45
max: 1.0

	sentence1	sentence2	score
type	string	string	float
details	min: 6 tokens mean: 10.16 tokens max: 28 tokens	min: 6 tokens mean: 10.12 tokens max: 25 tokens	min: 0.0 mean: 0.45 max: 1.0

Samples:

sentence1	sentence2	score
`A plane is taking off.`	`An air plane is taking off.`	`1.0`
`A man is playing a large flute.`	`A man is playing a flute.`	`0.76`
`A man is spreading shreded cheese on a pizza.`	`A man is spreading shredded cheese on an uncooked pizza.`	`0.76`

Loss: CoSENTLoss with these parameters:

{
    "scale": 20.0,
    "similarity_fct": "pairwise_cos_sim"
}

Evaluation Dataset

stsb

Dataset: stsb at ab7a5ac
Size: 1,500 evaluation samples
Columns: sentence1, sentence2, and score
Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:
sentence1 sentence2 score
type string string float
details
min: 5 tokens
mean: 15.11 tokens
max: 44 tokens

min: 6 tokens
mean: 15.1 tokens
max: 50 tokens

min: 0.0
mean: 0.42
max: 1.0

	sentence1	sentence2	score
type	string	string	float
details	min: 5 tokens mean: 15.11 tokens max: 44 tokens	min: 6 tokens mean: 15.1 tokens max: 50 tokens	min: 0.0 mean: 0.42 max: 1.0

Samples:

sentence1	sentence2	score
`A man with a hard hat is dancing.`	`A man wearing a hard hat is dancing.`	`1.0`
`A young child is riding a horse.`	`A child is riding a horse.`	`0.95`
`A man is feeding a mouse to a snake.`	`The man is feeding a mouse to the snake.`	`1.0`

Loss: CoSENTLoss with these parameters:

{
    "scale": 20.0,
    "similarity_fct": "pairwise_cos_sim"
}

Training Hyperparameters

Non-Default Hyperparameters

eval_strategy: steps
per_device_train_batch_size: 16
per_device_eval_batch_size: 16
num_train_epochs: 4
warmup_ratio: 0.1
fp16: True

All Hyperparameters

Click to expand

overwrite_output_dir: False
do_predict: False
eval_strategy: steps
prediction_loss_only: True
per_device_train_batch_size: 16
per_device_eval_batch_size: 16
per_gpu_train_batch_size: None
per_gpu_eval_batch_size: None
gradient_accumulation_steps: 1
eval_accumulation_steps: None
torch_empty_cache_steps: None
learning_rate: 5e-05
weight_decay: 0.0
adam_beta1: 0.9
adam_beta2: 0.999
adam_epsilon: 1e-08
max_grad_norm: 1.0
num_train_epochs: 4
max_steps: -1
lr_scheduler_type: linear
lr_scheduler_kwargs: {}
warmup_ratio: 0.1
warmup_steps: 0
log_level: passive
log_level_replica: warning
log_on_each_node: True
logging_nan_inf_filter: True
save_safetensors: True
save_on_each_node: False
save_only_model: False
restore_callback_states_from_checkpoint: False
no_cuda: False
use_cpu: False
use_mps_device: False
seed: 42
data_seed: None
jit_mode_eval: False
use_ipex: False
bf16: False
fp16: True
fp16_opt_level: O1
half_precision_backend: auto
bf16_full_eval: False
fp16_full_eval: False
tf32: None
local_rank: 0
ddp_backend: None
tpu_num_cores: None
tpu_metrics_debug: False
debug: []
dataloader_drop_last: False
dataloader_num_workers: 0
dataloader_prefetch_factor: None
past_index: -1
disable_tqdm: False
remove_unused_columns: True
label_names: None
load_best_model_at_end: False
ignore_data_skip: False
fsdp: []
fsdp_min_num_params: 0
fsdp_config: {'min_num_params': 0, 'xla': False, 'xla_fsdp_v2': False, 'xla_fsdp_grad_ckpt': False}
fsdp_transformer_layer_cls_to_wrap: None
accelerator_config: {'split_batches': False, 'dispatch_batches': None, 'even_batches': True, 'use_seedable_sampler': True, 'non_blocking': False, 'gradient_accumulation_kwargs': None}
deepspeed: None
label_smoothing_factor: 0.0
optim: adamw_torch
optim_args: None
adafactor: False
group_by_length: False
length_column_name: length
ddp_find_unused_parameters: None
ddp_bucket_cap_mb: None
ddp_broadcast_buffers: False
dataloader_pin_memory: True
dataloader_persistent_workers: False
skip_memory_metrics: True
use_legacy_prediction_loop: False
push_to_hub: False
resume_from_checkpoint: None
hub_model_id: None
hub_strategy: every_save
hub_private_repo: None
hub_always_push: False
gradient_checkpointing: False
gradient_checkpointing_kwargs: None
include_inputs_for_metrics: False
include_for_metrics: []
eval_do_concat_batches: True
fp16_backend: auto
push_to_hub_model_id: None
push_to_hub_organization: None
mp_parameters:
auto_find_batch_size: False
full_determinism: False
torchdynamo: None
ray_scope: last
ddp_timeout: 1800
torch_compile: False
torch_compile_backend: None
torch_compile_mode: None
dispatch_batches: None
split_batches: None
include_tokens_per_second: False
include_num_input_tokens_seen: False
neftune_noise_alpha: None
optim_target_modules: None
batch_eval_metrics: False
eval_on_start: False
use_liger_kernel: False
eval_use_gather_object: False
average_tokens_across_devices: False
prompts: None
batch_sampler: batch_sampler
multi_dataset_batch_sampler: proportional

Training Logs

Epoch	Step	Training Loss	Validation Loss	sts-dev_spearman_cosine	sts-test_spearman_cosine
0.2778	100	4.5697	4.2442	0.8379	-
0.5556	200	4.3545	4.1928	0.8636	-
0.8333	300	4.2962	4.1994	0.8685	-
1.1111	400	4.1467	4.5548	0.8686	-
1.3889	500	4.0591	4.2161	0.8811	-
1.6667	600	4.0765	4.2747	0.8768	-
1.9444	700	4.037	4.2662	0.8812	-
2.2222	800	3.83	4.4901	0.8811	-
2.5	900	3.7899	4.4914	0.8819	-
2.7778	1000	3.7582	4.5891	0.8814	-
3.0556	1100	3.6915	4.6246	0.8857	-
3.3333	1200	3.4522	4.8234	0.8884	-
3.6111	1300	3.388	4.9415	0.8888	-
3.8889	1400	3.4548	4.9240	0.8901	-
4.0	1440	-	-	-	0.8665

Framework Versions

Python: 3.10.12
Sentence Transformers: 3.3.1
Transformers: 4.48.0.dev0
PyTorch: 2.5.1+cu124
Accelerate: 1.1.1
Datasets: 3.1.0
Tokenizers: 0.21.0

Citation

BibTeX

Sentence Transformers

@inproceedings{reimers-2019-sentence-bert,
    title = "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks",
    author = "Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
    month = "11",
    year = "2019",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084",
}

CoSENTLoss

@online{kexuefm-8847,
    title={CoSENT: A more efficient sentence vector scheme than Sentence-BERT},
    author={Su Jianlin},
    year={2022},
    month={Jan},
    url={https://kexue.fm/archives/8847},
}