sent1
stringlengths
24
3.55k
sent2
stringlengths
27
2.55k
labels
int64
0
1
Acrylic acid (IUPAC: prop-2-enoic acid) is an organic compound with the formula CH2=CHCOOH. It is the simplest unsaturated carboxylic acid, consisting of a vinyl group connected directly to a carboxylic acid terminus. This colorless liquid has a characteristic acrid or tart smell. It is miscible with water, alcohols, ethers, and chloroform. More than a million tons are produced annually.
์•„ํฌ๋ฆด์‚ฐ(Acrylic acid)์€ ์œ ๊ธฐ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ด์ž ๋ถˆํฌํ™” ์นด๋ณต์‹ค์‚ฐ์— ์†ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฐ”์ด๋‹ํผ์‚ฐ์ด๋‚˜ ์—ํ‹ธ๋ Œ์นด๋ณต์‹ค์‚ฐ, ํ”„๋กœํŽœ์‚ฐ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์‹คํ—˜์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์•Œ๋ฆด์•Œ์ฝ”์˜ฌ์„ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ ์‚ฐํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํด๋กœ๋กœํ”„๋กœํ”ผ์˜จ์‚ฐ์˜ ํƒˆ์—ผํ™”์ˆ˜์†Œ ๋ฐ˜์‘, ์˜ฅ์‹œํ”„๋กœํ”ผ์˜จ์‚ฐ์˜ ํƒˆ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์–ป์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ณต์—…์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์•„์„ธํ‹ธ๋ Œ์˜ ์นด๋ฅด๋ณด๋‹ํ™” ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์–ป๋Š”๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ์‚ฐ์—… ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์€ ํ”„๋กœํ•„๋ Œ์˜ ์„ ํƒ์  ์‚ฐํ™”์— ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ”„๋กœํŒ์€ ์•„ํฌ๋ฆด์‚ฐ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์œ ๋งํ•œ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์›์ด๋‹ค.
1
Phthalic anhydride is a natural product found in Ligusticum striatum and Ligusticum chuanxiong with data available.
์‹œ์•„๋ˆ„๋ฅด์‚ฐ(Cyanuric acid) ๋˜๋Š” 1,3,5-ํŠธ๋ฆฌ์•„์ง„-2,4,6-ํŠธ๋ฆฌ์˜ฌ(1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triol)์€ ํ™”ํ•™์‹ (CNOH)3์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ์‚ฐ์—…์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ๋งŽ์€ ํ™”ํ•™๋ฌผ์งˆ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์ด ํŠธ๋ฆฌ์•„์ง„์—๋„ ๋งŽ์€ ๋™์˜์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ํฐ์ƒ‰์˜ ๋ฌด์ทจ ๊ณ ์ฒด๋Š” ํ‘œ๋ฐฑ์ œ, ์†Œ๋…์ œ, ์ œ์ดˆ์ œ์˜ ์ „๊ตฌ์ฒด ๋˜๋Š” ์„ฑ๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. 1997๋…„ ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋Ÿ‰์€ 160,000ํ†ค์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.
0
Theophylline is a dimethylxanthine having the two methyl groups located at positions 1 and 3. It is structurally similar to caffeine and is found in green and black tea. It has a role as a vasodilator agent, a bronchodilator agent, a muscle relaxant, an EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor, an anti-asthmatic drug, an anti-inflammatory agent, an immunomodulator, an adenosine receptor antagonist, a drug metabolite, a fungal metabolite and a human blood serum metabolite.
ํ…Œ์˜คํ•„๋ฆฐ(theophylline, 1,3-๋””๋ฉ”ํ‹ธํฌ์‚ฐํ‹ด(1,3-dimethylxanthine))์€ ๋งŒ์„ฑ ํ์‡„์„ฑ ํ์งˆํ™˜(COPD), ์ฒœ์‹ ๋“ฑ ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ ์งˆํ™˜์˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ž”ํ‹ด ์•ฝ๋ฌผ๋กœ์„œ, ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋งค๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ž”ํ‹ด๊ณ„์— ์†ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด ๋ฌผ์งˆ์€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ์•ฝ๋ฆฌ์  ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ํ…Œ์˜ค๋ธŒ๋กœ๋ฏผ, ์นดํŽ˜์ธ๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฉฐ ์ž์—ฐ์—์„œ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜๋ฉฐ ์ฐจ(์ฐจ๋‚˜๋ฌด), ์ฝ”์ฝ”์•„(์นด์นด์˜ค)์— ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ ์€ ์–‘์˜ ํ…Œ์˜คํ•„๋ฆฐ์€ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์นดํŽ˜์ธ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ์‚ฐ๋ฌผ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๋‹ค.
1
Glyphosate is a phosphonic acid resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of the methyl group of methylphosphonic acid with the amino group of glycine. It is one of the most commonly used herbicides worldwide, and the only one to target the enzyme 5-enolpyruvyl-3-shikimate phosphate synthase (EPSPS). It has a role as an agrochemical, an EC 2.5.1.19 (3-phosphoshikimate 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor and a herbicide. It is a phosphonic acid and a glycine derivative. It is a conjugate acid of a glyphosate(2-) and a glyphosate(1-).
์•„์ด์†Œ๊ธ€๋ฃจํƒ€๋ฏผ(์˜์–ด: isoglutamine) ๋˜๋Š” ฮฑ-๊ธ€๋ฃจํƒ€๋ฏผ(์˜์–ด: ฮฑ-glutamine)์€ 1๋ฒˆ ์œ„์น˜์˜ ์นด๋ณต์‹ค๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋งˆ์ด๋“œ๋กœ ์น˜ํ™˜๋˜์–ด ๊ธ€๋ฃจํƒ์‚ฐ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์œ ๋„๋˜๋Š” ฮณ-์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‚ฐ์ด๋‹ค. ์•„์ด์†Œ๊ธ€๋ฃจํƒ€๋ฏผ์€ ๊ธ€๋ฃจํƒ์‚ฐ์˜ 5-์•„๋งˆ์ด๋“œ์ธ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์ƒ์„ฑ์„ฑ ์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‚ฐ์ธ ๊ธ€๋ฃจํƒ€๋ฏผ๊ณผ ๋Œ€์กฐ๋œ๋‹ค. ์•„์ด์†Œ๊ธ€๋ฃจํƒ€๋ฏผ์€ ์„ธ๊ท ์˜ ์„ธํฌ๋ฒฝ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์ธ ๋ฎค๋ผ๋ฐ€ ๋‹ค์ดํŽฉํƒ€์ด๋“œ(MDP)์—์„œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ํŽฉํƒ€์ด๋“œ ์‚ฌ์Šฌ์˜ C-๋ง๋‹จ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํŽฉํƒ€์ด๋“œ ์‚ฌ์Šฌ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์—์„œ๋„ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ์‚ฌ์Šฌ์€ ์นด๋ณต์‹ค๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๊ณ„์†๋˜๊ณ  ์•„์ด์†Œ๊ธ€๋ฃจํƒ€๋ฏผ์€ ๊ณจ์œก์ข… ์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” MDP ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ์œ ๋„์ฒด์ธ ๋ฏธํŒŒ๋ฌด๋ฅดํƒ€์ด๋“œ์—์„œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ฮณ-์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‚ฐ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค.
0
Uroporphyrinogen III is a tetrapyrrole, the first macrocyclic intermediate in the biosynthesis of heme, chlorophyll, vitamin B12, and siroheme. It is a colorless compound, like other porphyrinogens.
ํ™ฉํ™” ์นด๋“œ๋ฎด(cadmium sulfide)์€ ํ™”ํ•™์‹ CdS์ธ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ๋น›์ด ๋งŽ์ด ๋“ค์–ด์˜ค๋ฉด ์ €ํ•ญ์ด ์ž‘์•„์ง€๊ณ  ์ ๊ฒŒ ๋“ค์–ด์˜ค๋ฉด ์ €ํ•ญ์ด ์ปค์ง€๋Š” ์„ฑ์งˆ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋น›์˜ ์œ ๋ฌด๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ด‘๋„์ „์†Œ์ž๋กœ ์ด์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. CdS ๊ด‘๋„์ „์†Œ์ž๋Š” ๊ฐ€์‹œ๊ด‘์„  ๋Œ€์—ญ์—์„œ ๋†’์€ ๊ฐ๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ํ™ฉํ™” ์•„์—ฐ, ํ™ฉ์‚ฐ๋ฐ”๋ฅจ, ์…€๋ ˆ๋Š„ํ™”์นด๋“œ๋ฎด ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋˜์–ด ์•ˆ๋ฃŒ๋กœ๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค.
0
Benzothiazole is a natural product found in Camellia sinensis, Gymnodinium nagasakiense, and other organisms with data available.
์•„์ฝ”๋‹ˆํ‹ด(Aconitine)์€ ํˆฌ๊ตฌ๊ฝƒ์˜ ์•Œ์นผ๋กœ์ด๋“œ ๋…์ด๋‹ค.
0
Propane is an alkane and a gas molecular entity. It has a role as a food propellant.
ํด๋กœ๋กœ๋ฒค์  (chlorobenzene, ํ™”ํ•™์‹: C6H5Cl)๋Š” ๋ฒค์  ์˜ ์—ผํ™”๋ฌผ์ด๋ฉฐ ํŽ˜๋‹๊ธฐ์— ์—ผ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ™์–ด์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ Ph-Cl ๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ์—๋Š” ๋…น์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ , ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์œ ๊ธฐ์šฉ๋งค์™€ ์ž„์˜์˜ ๋น„์œจ๋กœ ์„ž์ธ๋‹ค. ์ฒ ์˜ ์กด์žฌํ•˜์— ๋ฒค์  ์„ ์—ผ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ์–ป๋Š”๋‹ค.
0
Edaravone is a pyrazolone that is 2,4-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one which is substituted at positions 2 and 5 by phenyl and methyl groups, respectively. It has a role as a radical scavenger and an antioxidant.
์ฝ”์นด์ธ(์˜์–ด: cocaine)์€ ์ฝ”์นด๋‚˜๋ฌด ์žŽ์—์„œ ์ถ”์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ์•Œ์นผ๋กœ์ด๋“œ์ด๋‹ค. ํ™”ํ•™์‹์€ C17H21NO4์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๊ฐ์„ฑ์ œ๋กœ์„œ ํ”ํžˆ ๋งˆ์•ฝ์œผ๋กœ ์“ฐ์ธ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€๋ฃจ๋ฅผ ์ฝ”๋กœ ๋“ค์ด๋งˆ์‹œ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์—ฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ”ผ์›Œ ๋งˆ์‹œ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ๋…น์—ฌ์„œ ์ •๋งฅ ์ฃผ์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฝ”์นด์ธ์˜ ์ •์‹ ์  ํšจ๊ณผ๋กœ๋Š” ํ˜„์‹ค ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ €ํ•˜, ๊ฐ•๋ ฌํ•œ ํ–‰๋ณต๊ฐ, ํฅ๋ถ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋ชธ์„ ๊ฐ€๋งŒํžˆ ๋‘์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ , ์‹ ์ฒด์  ํšจ๊ณผ๋กœ๋Š” ์‹ฌ์žฅ ๋ฐ•๋™์ˆ˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€, ๋•€ ํ˜๋ฆผ, ๋™๊ณต ํ™•์žฅ ๋”ฐ์œ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฝ”์นด์ธ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ํˆฌ์—ฌํ•˜๋ฉด ํ˜ˆ์••์ด๋‚˜ ์ฒด์˜จ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋†’์•„์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฝ”์นด์ธ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ํˆฌ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ช‡ ์ดˆ ์ด๋‚ด์— ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์–ด 5๋ถ„์—์„œ 90๋ถ„ ์ •๋„ ์ด์–ด์ง„๋‹ค. ์ฝ”์นด์ธ์€ ๊ตญ์†Œ ๋งˆ์ทจ๋‚˜ ์ฝ” ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ์ค‘ ์ถœํ˜ˆ์„ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ์šฉ๋„ ๋“ฑ ์˜ํ•™์  ์“ฐ์ž„์ƒˆ๋„ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฝ”์นด์ธ์€ ๋‡Œ์˜ ๋ณด์ƒ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ค‘๋…์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์งง์€ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ์ด๋ผ๋„ ์ฝ”์นด์ธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ์˜์กด์„ฑ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ํฌ๋‹ค. ์ฝ”์นด์ธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‡Œ์กธ์ค‘, ์‹ฌ๊ทผ๊ฒฝ์ƒ‰, (์—ฐ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋“ค์ด๋งˆ์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ) ํ ์งˆํ™˜, ํŒจํ˜ˆ์ฆ, ์‹ฌ์žฅ๋งˆ๋น„์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ๋†’์•„์ง„๋‹ค. ๊ธธ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ํŒŒ๋Š” ์ฝ”์นด์ธ์€ ๊ตญ์†Œ ๋งˆ์ทจ์ œ, ์˜ฅ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜ ์ „๋ถ„, ํ€ด๋‹Œ, ์„คํƒ• ๋”ฐ์œ„๊ฐ€ ์„ž์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Š” ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ๋…์„ฑ์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฝ”์นด์ธ์„ ๊ณ„์† ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์›€์„ ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์ €ํ•˜๋˜๊ณ  ์‹ฌํ•œ ์‹ ์ฒด์  ํ”ผ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋Š๋‚„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฝ”์นด์ธ์€ ์„ธ๋กœํ† ๋‹Œ, ๋…ธ๋ฅด์—ํ”ผ๋„คํ”„๋ฆฐ, ๋„ํŒŒ๋ฏผ์˜ ์žฌํก์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์–ต์ œํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ž‘์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์ฝ”์นด์ธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‡Œ ์†์—์„œ ์ด ์„ธ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์ „๋‹ฌ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ๋†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•„์ง„๋‹ค. ์ฝ”์นด์ธ์€ ํ˜ˆ์•ก๋‡Œ์žฅ๋ฒฝ์„ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํ˜ˆ์•ก๋‡Œ์žฅ๋ฒฝ์„ ํŒŒ๊ดดํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค. 2013๋…„์—๋Š” ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ 419kg์˜ ์ฝ”์นด์ธ์ด ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถˆ๋ฒ• ์ฝ”์นด์ธ ์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ 1000 ~ 5000์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์— ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋œ๋‹ค. ์ฝ”์นด์ธ์„ ๊ฐ€๊ณตํ•ด์„œ ํฌ๋ž™ ์ฝ”์นด์ธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฝ”์นด์ธ์€ ๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ์— ์ด์–ด ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ๋„๋ฆฌ ์“ฐ์ด๋Š” ๋ถˆ๋ฒ• ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ๋งค๋…„ 1400~2100๋งŒ ๋ช…์ด ์ฝ”์นด์ธ์„ ๋ณต์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฝ”์นด์ธ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ”ํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์€ ๋ถ์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นด์ด๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋’ค๋กœ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ๊ณผ ๋‚จ๋ฏธ ์ˆœ์ด๋‹ค. ์„ ์ง„๊ตญ ์‹œ๋ฏผ ์ค‘ 1~3%๋Š” ์‚ด๋ฉด์„œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์ด๋ผ๋„ ์ฝ”์นด์ธ์— ์†๋Œ€ ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. 2013๋…„์— ์ฝ”์นด์ธ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์œผ๋กœ 4300๋ช…์ด ์ˆจ์กŒ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Š” 1990๋…„์˜ 2400๋ช…์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋†’์•„์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ฝ”์นด์ธ์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์€ ์›๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ์‹๋ฌผ์ธ ์ฝ”์นด๋‚˜๋ฌด์—์„œ ๋”ฐ์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ํŽ˜๋ฃจ ์›์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์€ ๊ณ ๋Œ€๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ฝ”์นด์ธ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ฝ”์นด๋‚˜๋ฌด ์žŽ์„ ์„ญ์ทจํ•ด ์™”๋‹ค. ์ฝ”์นด๋‚˜๋ฌด ์žŽ์—์„œ ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์ฝ”์นด์ธ ์„ฑ๋ถ„๋งŒ์„ ์ถ”์ถœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์€ 1860๋…„์˜ ์ผ์ด๋‹ค. 1961๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ฐ๊ตญ์—์„œ ๋งˆ์•ฝ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋‹จ์ผํ˜‘์•ฝ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์˜๋ฃŒ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์ฝ”์นด์ธ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„๋กœ ๊ทœ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
0
Lactitol is a disaccharide sugar alcohol produced from lactose. It is used as a replacement bulk sweetener for low calorie foods with 30โ€“40% of the sweetness of sucrose. It is also used medically as a laxative.
ํŽœํƒ€๋ฐ์ผ€์ธ(pentadecane) ๋˜๋Š” ํŽœํƒ€๋ฐ์นธ์€ ๋ถ„์ž์‹ C15H32, ์ถ•์•ฝ๊ตฌ์กฐ์‹(Condensed structural fomula) CH3(CH2)13CH3์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์•Œ์ผ€์ธ์ด๋‹ค.
0
Imipramine, sold under the brand name Tofranil, among others, is a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) mainly used in the treatment of depression. It is also effective in treating anxiety and panic disorder. Imipramine is taken by mouth. Common side effects of imipramine include dry mouth, drowsiness, dizziness, low blood pressure, rapid heart rate, urinary retention, and electrocardiogram changes. Overdose of the medication can result in death. Imipramine appears to work by increasing levels of serotonin and norepinephrine and by blocking certain serotonin, adrenergic, histamine, and cholinergic receptors. Imipramine was discovered in 1951 and was introduced for medical use in 1957. It was the first TCA to be marketed. Imipramine and the other TCAs (besides amitriptyline, which, at least in the U.K., remains at least just as commonly-prescribed as SSRIs) have decreased in use in recent decades, due to the introduction of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), which, although generally significantly less potent in terms of clinical efficacy per-se, have fewer inherent side effects and are far safer in overdose. Irrespective of these caveats, however, imipramine has an invaluable place in psychiatry and other fields of medicine (e.g., with childhood enuresis), and is considered the "gold standard" for panic disorder.
์•„๋ฏธ์„คํ”„๋ผ์ด๋“œ(์˜์–ด: amisulpride)๋Š” ์กฐํ˜„๋ณ‘ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ œ์ธ ๋น„์ •ํ˜• ํ•ญ์ •์‹ ๋ณ‘์•ฝ์ด๋‹ค. ์ƒํ’ˆ๋ช…์ธ ๋ฐ”ํ—ด์‹œ์Šค(Barhemsys)๋‚˜ ์†”๋ฆฌ์•ˆ(Solian) ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ, ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์—…์ฒด์ธ ๋ช…์ธ์ œ์•ฝ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, '์•„๋ฏธ์ฐ'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ œ๋„ค๋ฆญ ์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ 2013๋…„์— ์ถœ์‹œํ•œ ๋ฐ” ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ €์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ถ„๋ถ€์ „์žฅ์•  ๋“ฑ ์Œ์„ฑ ์ฆ์ƒ์˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์—๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ, ์ฒด์ค‘ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ ์ถ”์ฒด ์™ธ๋กœ๊ณ„ ์žฅ์•  ๋“ฑ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์ด ํ˜„์ €ํžˆ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์กฐํ˜„๋ณ‘ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ œ์ด๋‹ค.
0
Eugenol is an allyl chain-substituted guaiacol, a member of the allylbenzene class of chemical compounds. It is a colorless to pale yellow, aromatic oily liquid extracted from certain essential oils especially from clove, nutmeg, cinnamon, basil and bay leaf. It is present in concentrations of 80โ€“90% in clove bud oil and at 82โ€“88% in clove leaf oil. Eugenol has a pleasant, spicy, clove-like scent. The name is derived from Eugenia caryophyllata, the former Linnean nomenclature term for cloves. The currently accepted name is Syzygium aromaticum.
๋„ค์˜คํŽœํƒ„ ๋˜๋Š” ๋„ค์˜คํŽœํ…Œ์ธ(Neopentane)์€ 2,2-๋””๋ฉ”ํ‹ธํ”„๋กœํŒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋กœ, ์€ 5๊ฐœ์˜ ํƒ„์†Œ ์›์ž๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ด์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‚ฌ์Šฌ ์•Œ์นธ์ด๋‹ค. ๋„ค์˜คํŽœํƒ„์€ ์‹ค์˜จ ๋ฐ ์••๋ ฅ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์—ฐ์„ฑ ๊ฐ€์Šค๋กœ ์ถ”์šด ๋‚ , ์–ผ์Œ ์š•์กฐ์—์„œ ๋˜๋Š” ๋” ๋†’์€ ์••๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์••์ถ•๋˜๋ฉด ํœ˜๋ฐœ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์€ ์•ก์ฒด๋กœ ์‘์ถ•๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋„ค์˜คํŽœํƒ„์€ 4์ฐจ ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์•Œ์นธ์ด๋ฉฐ ๋น„ํ‚ค๋ž„ ์‚ฌ๋ฉด์ฒด ๋Œ€์นญ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋ถ„์ž์‹ C5H12(ํŽœํƒ„)์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ์ด์„ฑ์งˆ์ฒด ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ๋Š” n-ํŽœํƒ„๊ณผ ์ด์†ŒํŽœํƒ„์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ค‘์—์„œ ํ‘œ์ค€ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์Šค์ธ ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์•ก์ฒด์ด๋‹ค.
0
Acetaldehyde (IUPAC systematic name ethanal) is an organic chemical compound with the formula CH3CHO. It is a colorless liquid or gas, boiling near room temperature. It is one of the most important aldehydes, occurring widely in nature and being produced on a large scale in industry. Acetaldehyde occurs naturally in coffee, bread, and ripe fruit, and is produced by plants. It is also produced by the partial oxidation of ethanol by the liver enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase and is a contributing cause of hangover after alcohol consumption. Pathways of exposure include air, water, land, or groundwater, as well as drink and smoke. Consumption of disulfiram inhibits acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, the enzyme responsible for the metabolism of acetaldehyde, thereby causing it to build up in the body. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has listed acetaldehyde as a Group 1 carcinogen. Acetaldehyde is "one of the most frequently found air toxins with cancer risk greater than one in a million".
์•ˆ๋“œ๋กœ์Šคํ…Œ๋„ค๋””์˜จ(androstenedione), 4-์•ˆ๋“œ๋กœ์Šคํ…Œ๋„ค๋””์˜จ(4-androstenedione, ์ค„์—ฌ์„œ A4 ๋˜๋Š” ฮ”4-dione, androst-4-ene-3,17-dione)์€ ์—์ŠคํŠธ๋ก ์˜, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋””ํžˆ๋“œ๋กœ์—ํ”ผ์•ˆ๋“œ๋กœ์Šคํ…Œ๋ก ์˜ ํ…Œ์Šคํ† ์Šคํ…Œ๋ก ์˜ ์ƒํ•ฉ์„ฑ์—์„œ ๋‚ด์ƒ์˜ ์•ฝํ•œ ์•ˆ๋“œ๋กœ๊ฒ ์Šคํ…Œ๋กœ์ด๋“œ ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ์ด์ž ์ค‘๊ฐ„์ฒด์ด๋‹ค. ์•ˆ๋“œ๋กœ์Šคํ…๋‹ค์ด์˜จ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์•ˆ๋“œ๋กœ์Šคํ…๋””์˜ฌ(androst-5-ene-3ฮฒ,17ฮฒ-diol)๊ณผ ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•œ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.
0
Glyphosate is a phosphonic acid resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of the methyl group of methylphosphonic acid with the amino group of glycine. It is one of the most commonly used herbicides worldwide, and the only one to target the enzyme 5-enolpyruvyl-3-shikimate phosphate synthase (EPSPS). It has a role as an agrochemical, an EC 2.5.1.19 (3-phosphoshikimate 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor and a herbicide. It is a phosphonic acid and a glycine derivative. It is a conjugate acid of a glyphosate(2-) and a glyphosate(1-).
๋‹ค์šฐ๋…ธ๋ฃจ๋น„์‹ (Daunorubicin) ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์šฐ๋…ธ๋งˆ์ด์‹ (Daunomycin)์€ ์•”์˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ์ด์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ํ•ญ์•”์ œ๋กœ, ๊ธ‰์„ฑ ๋ฆผํ”„์„ฑ ๋ฐฑํ˜ˆ๋ณ‘(ALL), ๊ธ‰์„ฑ ๊ณจ์ˆ˜์„ฑ ๋ฐฑํ˜ˆ๋ณ‘(AML), ๋งŒ์„ฑ ๊ณจ์ˆ˜์„ฑ ๋ฐฑํ˜ˆ๋ณ‘(CML), ์นดํฌ์‹œ ์œก์ข…์˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ์“ฐ์ธ๋‹ค. ์ •๋งฅ ์ฃผ์‚ฌ๋กœ ํˆฌ์—ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฆฌํฌ์†œ ๋‹ค์šฐ๋…ธ๋ฃจ๋น„์‹ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฆฌํฌ์†œ ์ œ์ œ๋„ ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ ์šฉ ์‹œ์—๋Š” ์‹œํƒ€๋ผ๋นˆ ๋“ฑ ๋ณด์กฐ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ํ”ํ•œ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์—๋Š” ํƒˆ๋ชจ, ๊ตฌํ† , ๊ณจ์ˆ˜์–ต์ œ, ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•์˜ ์—ผ์ฆ ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์™ธ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์—๋Š” ์‹ฌ์žฅ๋ณ‘๊ณผ ์ฃผ์‚ฌ ๋ถ€์œ„์˜ ์กฐ์ง ๊ดด์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ž„์‹  ์ค‘ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์€ ํƒœ์•„์—๊ฒŒ ์œ ํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์šฐ๋…ธ๋ฃจ๋น„์‹ ์€ ์•ˆํŠธ๋ผ์‚ฌ์ดํด๋ฆฐ ๊ณ„์—ด์— ์†ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ œ2ํ˜• DNA ํšŒ์ „ํšจ์†Œ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์–ต์ œํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” DNA ํšŒ์ „ํšจ์†Œ ์–ต์ œ์ œ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์šฐ๋…ธ๋ฃจ๋น„์‹ ์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ 1979๋…„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด ์Šน์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. WHO ํ•„์ˆ˜ ์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ ๋ชฉ๋ก์— ๋“ฑ์žฌ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ๋ž˜๋Š” ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ™ํ† ๋ฏธ์„ธ์Šค(Streptomyces)์— ์†ํ•˜๋Š” ์„ธ๊ท ์—์„œ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ธ๋ฃจ๋น„๋”˜(Cerubidine) ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ƒํ’ˆ๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋งค๋œ๋‹ค.
0
Dapoxetine, marketed as Priligy, among others, is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) used for the treatment of premature ejaculation (PE) in men 18โ€“64 years old. Dapoxetine works by inhibiting the serotonin transporter, increasing serotonin's action at the postsynaptic cleft, and as a consequence promoting ejaculatory delay. As a member of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) family, dapoxetine was initially created as an antidepressant. However, unlike other SSRIs, dapoxetine is absorbed and eliminated rapidly in the body. Its fast-acting property makes it suitable for the treatment of PE, but not as an antidepressant. Originally created by Eli Lilly pharmaceutical company, dapoxetine was sold to Johnson & Johnson in 2003 and submitted as a New Drug Application to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of PE in 2004. Dapoxetine is sold in several European and Asian countries, and in Mexico. In the US, dapoxetine has been in phase III development. In May 2012, US-based Furiex Pharmaceuticals reached an agreement with ALZA Corp and Janssen Pharmaceutica to market dapoxetine in the USA, Japan, and Canada, while selling the rights to market the drug in Europe, most of Asia, Africa, Latin America, and the Middle East to Menarini.
๋‹คํญ์„ธํ‹ด(Dapoxetin)์€ ํ”„๋ฆด๋ฆฌ์ง€(Priligy)๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒํ’ˆ๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋งค๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๊ตฌ์šฉ ์กฐ๋ฃจ์ฆ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ œ์˜ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์ด๋‹ค. ์˜์‚ฌ์˜ ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ์ „์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ „๋ฌธ์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ์„œ, ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์กด์Šจ์•ค๋“œ์กด์Šจ, ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋ฏผ๊ตญ ํŒ๋งค์‚ฌ๋Š” ใˆœํ•œ๊ตญ๋ฉ”๋‚˜๋ฆฌ๋‹ˆ์ด๋‹ค. ์กฐ๋ฃจ์ฆ์€ ์‚ฌ์ •์ค‘์ถ”(nPGi) ๋‚ด์˜ ์„ธ๋กœํ† ๋‹Œ์ด ์„ฑํ–‰์œ„ ๋„์ค‘์— ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๊ณ ๊ฐˆ๋˜์–ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค. ๋‹คํญ์„ธํ‹ด์˜ ์ž‘์šฉ ๊ธฐ์ „์€ ๋‰ด๋Ÿฐ์—์„œ ์„ธ๋กœํ† ๋‹Œ์˜ ์žฌํก์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์–ต์ œํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ธ๋กœํ† ๋‹Œ์˜ ๋†๋„๋ฅผ ๋†’์—ฌ์„œ ์กฐ๋ฃจ์ฆ์„ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋†’์•„์ง„ ์„ธ๋กœํ† ๋‹Œ์˜ ๋†๋„๋Š” ๋‚จ์„ฑ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ •์กฐ์ ˆ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋†’์ด๊ณ , ์‚ฌ์ •์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์—ฐ์žฅํ•œ๋‹ค. ์„ฑ๊ฐ(ๆ€งๆ„Ÿ: ์„ฑ์  ์พŒ๊ฐ)์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.
1
Chlorite is a chlorine oxoanion and a monovalent inorganic anion. It is a conjugate base of a chlorous acid.
์•„์ค„๋ Œ(Azulene)์€ 7๊ฐํ˜•๊ณผ 5๊ฐํ˜• ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ™์–ด์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์กฑ ํƒ„ํ™”์ˆ˜์†Œ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํ”„ํƒˆ๋ Œ์˜ ์ด์„ฑ์งˆ์ฒด๋‹ค. ํฐ ์Œ๊ทน์ž ๋ชจ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠน์œ ์˜ ์ƒ๊น€์ƒˆ๋กœ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์กฑ ์œ ๊ธฐํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ธ์ง€ ํ—ท๊ฐˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ 10๊ฐœ์˜ ํŒŒ์ด ์ „์ž๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์กฑ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์ค„๋ Œ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ด๋ฆ„์€ ํ‘ธ๋ฅธ์ƒ‰์„ ๋œปํ•˜๋Š” ์ด๋ฆ„ ์•„์ค„๊ณผ ์ ‘๋‘์‚ฌ ์•Œ์ผ„์ผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ™์€ ์ด๋ฆ„์ด๋‹ค. ๋…น๋Š”์  99 ยฐC, ๋“๋Š”์  221 ยฐC์ด๋ฉฐ ์ง„์ฒญ์ƒ‰ ํ˜น์€ ๋ณด๋ผ์ƒ‰์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ์‚ฐ์ถœ ๋œ๋‹ค.
0
Merbromin is an organic sodium salt that is 2,7-dibromo-4-hydroxymercurifluorescein in which the carboxy group and the phenolic hydroxy group have been deprotonated and the resulting charge is neutralised by two sodium ions. It has a role as an antiseptic drug, a fluorochrome and a histological dye. It contains a 2,7-dibromo-4-hydroxymercurifluorescein(2-).
๋ผ์ด์ฝ”ํŽœ(์˜์–ด: lycopene) ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฆฌ์ฝ”ํŽœ์€ ๋ฐ์€ ์ ์ƒ‰์„ ๋ ๋Š” ์นด๋กœํ‹ฐ๋…ธ์ด๋“œ์˜ ์ƒ‰์†Œ๋กœ, ํ† ๋งˆํ† ์™€ ์ˆ˜๋ฐ•, ๋‹น๊ทผ, ํŒŒํŒŒ์•ผ ๋“ฑ ๋นจ๊ฐ„ ์‹๋ฌผ์— ๋“ค์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ํ”ผํ† ์ผ€๋ฏธ์ปฌ์ด๋‹ค. ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋กœ, ๋”ธ๊ธฐ์™€ ์ฒด๋ฆฌ์—๋Š” ์—†๋‹ค. ๋ผ์ด์ฝ”ํŽœ์€ ๋กœ๋ง์Šค์–ด ๋ผ์ด์ฝ”ํŽ˜๋ฅด์‹œ์ฟฐ(lycopersicum)์—์„œ ์œ ๋ž˜๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์นด๋กœํ‹ด๊ณผ ์ด์„ฑ์งˆ์ฒด ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ผ์ด์ฝ”ํŽœ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๋ชธ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ”ํ•œ ์นด๋กœํ‹ฐ๋…ธ์ด๋“œ์ด๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํšจ๋Šฅ์ด ์ข‹์€ ์นด๋กœํ‹ฐ๋…ธ์ด๋“œ ํ•ญ์‚ฐํ™”๋ฌผ์งˆ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๋‹ค. ๋ผ์ด์ฝ”ํŽœ์€ ํ† ๋งˆํ† ์˜ ์ƒ๋ฌผ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์ง€์†(โ€•ๅฑฌ)์˜ ํ† ๋งˆํ†  ์ข…(โ€•็จฎ)์ธ Solanum lycopersicum (์ฃผ๋กœ Lycopersicon esculentum)์„ ์–ด์›์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
0
Testosterone is the primary male sex hormone and androgen in males. In humans, testosterone plays a key role in the development of male reproductive tissues such as testicles and prostate, as well as promoting secondary sexual characteristics such as increased muscle and bone mass, and the growth of body hair. It is associated with increased aggression, sex drive, dominance, courtship display, and a wide range of behavioral characteristics. In addition, testosterone in both sexes is involved in health and well-being, where it has a significant effect on overall mood, cognition, social and sexual behavior, metabolism and energy output, the cardiovascular system, and in the prevention of osteoporosis. Insufficient levels of testosterone in men may lead to abnormalities including frailty, accumulation of adipose fat tissue within the body, anxiety and depression, sexual performance issues, and bone loss. Excessive levels of testosterone in men may be associated with hyperandrogenism, higher risk of heart failure, increased mortality in men with prostate cancer, and male pattern baldness. Testosterone is a steroid hormone from the androstane class containing a ketone and a hydroxyl group at positions three and seventeen respectively. It is biosynthesized in several steps from cholesterol and is converted in the liver to inactive metabolites. It exerts its action through binding to and activation of the androgen receptor. In humans and most other vertebrates, testosterone is secreted primarily by the testicles of males and, to a lesser extent, the ovaries of females. On average, in adult males, levels of testosterone are about seven to eight times as great as in adult females. As the metabolism of testosterone in males is more pronounced, the daily production is about 20 times greater in men. Females are also more sensitive to the hormone. In addition to its role as a natural hormone, testosterone is used as a medication to treat hypogonadism and breast cancer. Since testosterone levels decrease as men age, testosterone is sometimes used in older men to counteract this deficiency. It is also used illicitly to enhance physique and performance, for instance in athletes. The World Anti-Doping Agency lists it as S1 Anabolic agent substance "prohibited at all times".
๋ธŒ๋กœ๋ฉ”์ดํŠธ(bromate)๋Š” ์˜ค์กด์œผ๋กœ ์ •์ˆ˜ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•  ๋•Œ ๋ถ€์ˆ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ธŒ๋กฌ์‚ฐ ์ด์˜จ ๋ฐ ๋ธŒ๋กฌ์‚ฐ์—ผ์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌํ‚จ๋‹ค. ๋ณตํ†ต, ์ค‘์ถ” ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ์ €ํ•˜, ํ˜ธํก ๊ณค๋ž€, ํ๋ถ€์ข…, ๊ฐ„์žฅ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ์ €ํ•˜, ์ฒญ๊ฐ ์žฅ์•  ๋“ฑ์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
0
Iodoform is a member of iodomethanes.
์‹œํŠธ๋ฃฐ๋ฆฐ(์˜์–ด: citrulline)์€ ฮฑ-์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‚ฐ์ธ ์œ ๊ธฐ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ์‹œํŠธ๋ฃฐ๋ฆฐ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ด๋ฆ„์€ "์ˆ˜๋ฐ•"์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ผํ‹ด์–ด์ธ "citrullus(์ˆ˜๋ฐ•์†)"์—์„œ ์œ ๋ž˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹œํŠธ๋ฃฐ๋ฆฐ์€ 1914๋…„์— ์ฝ”๊ฐ€(Koga)์™€ ์˜ค๋‹ค์ผ€(Odake)์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ตœ์ดˆ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œํŠธ๋ฃฐ๋ฆฐ์€ 1930๋…„์— ์™€๋‹ค(Wada)์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ตœ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œํŠธ๋ฃฐ๋ฆฐ์˜ ํ™”ํ•™์‹์€ H2NC(O)NH(CH2)3CH(NH2)CO2H์ด๋‹ค. ์‹œํŠธ๋ฃฐ๋ฆฐ์€ ํฌ์œ ๋ฅ˜์—์„œ ์•”๋ชจ๋‹ˆ์•„๋ฅผ ์š”์†Œ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐฐ์„คํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๋กœ์ธ ์š”์†Œ ํšŒ๋กœ์—์„œ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ ์ธ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์ƒ์„ฑ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ์‹œํŠธ๋ฃฐ๋ฆฐ์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ์‚ฐํ™” ์งˆ์†Œ ์ƒ์„ฑํšจ์†Œ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ด‰๋งค๋˜๋Š” ์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‚ฐ์ธ ์•„๋ฅด์ง€๋‹Œ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ผ์‚ฐํ™” ์งˆ์†Œ์˜ ํšจ์†Œ์  ์ƒ์„ฑ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋ถ€์‚ฐ๋ฌผ๋กœ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค.
0
Gabapentin is a gamma-amino acid that is cyclohexane substituted at position 1 by aminomethyl and carboxymethyl groups. Used for treatment of neuropathic pain and restless legs syndrome. It has a role as an anticonvulsant, a calcium channel blocker, an environmental contaminant and a xenobiotic. It is functionally related to a gamma-aminobutyric acid.
๊ฐ€๋ฐ”ํŽœํ‹ด(Gabapentin)๋Š”(์ƒํ’ˆ๋ช…์œผ๋กœ '๋‰ด๋ก ํ‹ด' ๋“ฑ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค) 1973๋…„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ํ™”์ด์ž์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์—ฌ, ๋‡Œ์ „์ฆ ๋ฐ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ฑ ํ†ต์ฆ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์–ด, ์•ฝ๋ฌผ๊ณผ์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ ์ž‘์šฉ์ด ์ ์€ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์„ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ํ•ญ๊ฒฝ๋ จ์ œ์ด๋‹ค.
1
Hexadecane (also called cetane) is an alkane hydrocarbon with the chemical formula C16H34. Hexadecane consists of a chain of 16 carbon atoms, with three hydrogen atoms bonded to the two end carbon atoms, and two hydrogens bonded to each of the 14 other carbon atoms.
๊ธ€๋ฃจํƒ€๋ฏผ(์˜์–ด: glutamine) (๊ธฐํ˜ธ: Gln or Q)์€ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์˜ ์ƒํ•ฉ์„ฑ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ฮฑ-์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‚ฐ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ธ€๋ฃจํƒ€๋ฏผ์˜ ๊ณ์‚ฌ์Šฌ์€ ์นด๋ณต์‹ค๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋งˆ์ด๋“œ๋กœ ๋Œ€์ฒด๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ ๋Š” ๊ธ€๋ฃจํƒ์‚ฐ์˜ ๊ณ์‚ฌ์Šฌ๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๋‹ค. ๊ธ€๋ฃจํƒ€๋ฏผ์€ ๋น„์ „ํ•˜, ๊ทน์„ฑ ์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‚ฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ธ€๋ฃจํƒ€๋ฏผ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€๋กœ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ด๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์‹ ์ฒด๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์–‘์˜ ๊ธ€๋ฃจํƒ€๋ฏผ์„ ํ•ฉ์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ธ€๋ฃจํƒ€๋ฏผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ ์ฒด์˜ ์š”๊ตฌ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ธ€๋ฃจํƒ€๋ฏผ์€ ์‹๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋ฐ›์•„์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ธ€๋ฃจํƒ€๋ฏผ์€ CAA, CAG ์ฝ”๋ˆ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์•”ํ˜ธํ™”๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ํ˜ˆ์•ก์—์„œ ๊ธ€๋ฃจํƒ€๋ฏผ์€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ ์œ ๋ฆฌ ์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‚ฐ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ธ€๋ฃจํƒ€๋ฏผ์˜ ์‹์ด ๊ณต๊ธ‰์›์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ํŠนํžˆ ์‡ ๊ณ ๊ธฐ, ๋‹ญ๊ณ ๊ธฐ, ์ƒ์„ , ์œ ์ œํ’ˆ, ๊ณ„๋ž€๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์ด ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ ์‹ํ’ˆ๊ณผ ์ฝฉ, ๋น„ํŠธ, ์–‘๋ฐฐ์ถ”, ์‹œ๊ธˆ์น˜, ๋‹น๊ทผ, ํŒŒ์Šฌ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ฑ„์†Œ์™€ ์ฑ„์†Œ ์ฃผ์Šค์™€ ๋ฐ€, ํŒŒํŒŒ์•ผ, ๋ฐฉ์šธ๋‹ค๋‹ค๊ธฐ, ์…€๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ, ์ผ€์ผ ๋ฐ ๋ฏธ์†Œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐœํšจ ์‹ํ’ˆ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋œ๋‹ค.
0
Atrazine is a chlorinated herbicide of the triazine class. It is used to prevent pre-emergence broadleaf weeds in crops such as maize (corn), soybean and sugarcane and on turf, such as golf courses and residential lawns. Atrazine's primary manufacturer is Syngenta and it is one of the most widely used herbicides in the United States, Canadian, and Australian agriculture. Its use was banned in the European Union in 2004, when the EU found groundwater levels exceeding the limits set by regulators, and Syngenta could not show that this could be prevented nor that these levels were safe. At least two significant Canadian farm well studies showed that atrazine was the most common contaminant found. As of 2001, atrazine was the most commonly detected pesticide contaminating drinking water in the U.S.:โ€Š44โ€Š Studies suggest it is an endocrine disruptor, an agent that can alter the natural hormonal system. However, in 2006 the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) had stated that under the Food Quality Protection Act "the risks associated with the pesticide residues pose a reasonable certainty of no harm", and in 2007, the EPA said that atrazine does not adversely affect amphibian sexual development and that no additional testing was warranted. The EPA's 2009 review concluded that "the agency's scientific bases for its regulation of atrazine are robust and ensure prevention of exposure levels that could lead to reproductive effects in humans". However, in their 2016 Refined Ecological Risk Assessment for Atrazine, it was stated that "it is difficult to make definitive conclusions about the impact of atrazine at a given concentration but multiple studies have reported effects to various endpoints at environmentally-relevant concentrations." EPA started a registration review in 2013. The EPA's review has been criticized, and the safety of atrazine remains controversial. EPA has however stated that "If at any time EPA determines there are urgent human or environmental risks from atrazine exposure that require prompt attention, we will take appropriate regulatory action, regardless of the status of the registration review process."
์•„ํŠธ๋ผ์ง„(์˜์–ด: atrazine)์€ ์ œ์ดˆ์ œ์— ๋„๋ฆฌ ์“ฐ์ด๋Š” ์œ ๊ธฐ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ์ธ์ฒด ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ณผ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์œ ํ•ด์„ฑ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ์—ฐํ•ฉ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด ๊ธˆ์ง€๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋„๋ฆฌ ์“ฐ์ด๋Š” ์ œ์ดˆ์ œ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ์ž๋ฆฌ์žกํ˜€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ œ์ดˆ์ œ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ƒํ’ˆ๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ์ถœ์‹œ๋œ๋‹ค.
1
Carbon suboxide is a carbon oxide and a member of allenes.
์•„์‚ฐํ™” ํƒ„์†Œ(Carbon suboxide)๋Š” ํƒ„์†Œ์™€ ์‚ฐ์†Œ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์ž์‹์€ C3O2์ด๋‹ค.
1
Benzaldehyde is a natural product found in Camellia sinensis, Humulus lupulus, and other organisms with data available.
์—ํ† ํฌ์‹œ๋“œ(Etoposide)๋Š” ๊ณ ํ™˜์•”, ํ์•”, ๋ฆผํ”„์ข…, ๋ฐฑํ˜ˆ๋ณ‘, ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋ชจ์„ธํฌ์ข… ๋ฐ ๋‚œ์†Œ์•”์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์•” ์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ํ•ญ์•”ํ™”ํ•™์š”๋ฒ• ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ํ˜ˆ๊ตฌํƒ์‹์„ฑ ๋ฆผํ”„์กฐ์ง๊ตฌ์ฆ์—์„œ๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ๊ตฌ ๋˜๋Š” ์ •๋งฅ ์ฃผ์‚ฌ๋กœ ํˆฌ์—ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฒ ํŽ˜์‹œ๋“œ(Vepesid) ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ƒํ’ˆ๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋งค๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ํ”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ํ˜ˆ๊ตฌ ์ˆ˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ, ๊ตฌํ† , ์‹์š• ๋ถ€์ง„, ์„ค์‚ฌ, ํƒˆ๋ชจ, ๋ฐœ์—ด์ด ํฌํ•จ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๋ฐ˜์‘๊ณผ ์ €ํ˜ˆ์••์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ž„์‹  ์ค‘์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ํƒœ์•„์—๊ฒŒ ํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ผ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์—ํ† ํฌ์‹œ๋“œ๋Š” DNA ํšŒ์ „ํšจ์†Œ ์–ต์ œ์ œ ๊ณ„์—ด ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์— ์†ํ•œ๋‹ค. DNA๋ฅผ ์†์ƒ์‹œ์ผœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋œ๋‹ค. ์—ํ† ํฌ์‹œ๋“œ๋Š” 1983๋…„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์˜๋ฃŒ์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์Šน์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋ณด๊ฑด ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ ํ•„์ˆ˜ ์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ ๋ชฉ๋ก์— ๋“ฑ์žฌ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.
0
Sedoheptulose 7-phosphate is a ketoheptose phosphate consisting of sedoheptulose having a phosphate group at the 7-position. It is an intermediate metabolite in the pentose phosphate pathway. It has a role as a human metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a sedoheptulose derivative and a ketoheptose phosphate. It is functionally related to a sedoheptulose. It is a conjugate acid of a sedoheptulose 7-phosphate(2-).
์„ธ๋„ํ—ตํˆด๋กœ์Šค 7-์ธ์‚ฐ(์˜์–ด: sedoheptulose 7-phosphate)์€ ํŽœํ† ์Šค ์ธ์‚ฐ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ์—์„œ ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ์„ธ๋„ํ—ตํˆด๋กœ์Šค 7์ธ์‚ฐ์€ ํŠธ๋žœ์Šค์ผ€ํ†จ๋ ˆ์ด์Šค(transketolase)์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ƒ์„ฑ๋˜๊ณ , ํŠธ๋žœ์Šค์•Œ๋Œ๋ ˆ์ด์Šค(transaldolase)์˜ ๊ธฐ์งˆ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ์„ธ๋„ํ—ตํˆด๋กœํ‚ค๋„ค์ด์Šค(sedoheptulokinase)๋Š” ์„ธ๋„ํ—ตํˆด๋กœ์Šค์™€ ATP๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์งˆ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ADP์™€ ์„ธ๋„ํ—ตํˆด๋กœ์Šค 7-์ธ์‚ฐ์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ํšจ์†Œ์ด๋‹ค. ์„ธ๋„ํ—ตํˆด๋กœ์Šค ๋น„์Šค์ธ์‚ฐ๊ฐ€์ˆ˜๋ถ„ํ•ดํšจ์†Œ(sedoheptulose-bisphosphatase)๋Š” ์„ธ๋„ํ—ตํˆด๋กœ์Šค 1,7-๋น„์Šค์ธ์‚ฐ(sedoheptulose 1,7-bisphosphate)๊ณผ H2O์„ ๊ธฐ์งˆ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ธ๋„ํ—ตํˆด๋กœ์Šค 7-์ธ์‚ฐ๊ณผ ์ธ์‚ฐ์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ํšจ์†Œ์ด๋‹ค.
1
Flubendazole is a member of the class of mebendazole in which the benzoyl group is replaced by a p-fluorobenzoyl group. A broad-spectrum anthelmintic, it is used, particularly in veterinary medicine, for the treatment of nematodal infections. It has a role as an antinematodal drug and a teratogenic agent. It is a member of benzimidazoles, a carbamate ester, an organofluorine compound and an aromatic ketone.
ํŠธ๋ฆฌํŒ ๋ธ”๋ฃจ(trypan blue)๋Š” ์•„์กฐ ์—ผ์ƒ‰์•ฝ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ๋ฉด์ง๋ฌผ์šฉ ์ง์ ‘ ์—ผ๋ฃŒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฃฝ์€ ์กฐ์ง์ด๋‚˜ ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ผ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•„์ˆ˜ ์—ผ์ƒ‰์ œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ ์—ผ์ƒ‰๋˜๋Š” ์ƒ‰์€ ํŒŒ๋ž€์ƒ‰์ด๋‹ค. ์„ธํฌ๋ง‰์ด ์†์ƒ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์‚ด์•„์žˆ๋Š” ์„ธํฌ๋‚˜ ์กฐ์ง์€ ์ฐฉ์ƒ‰๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ์„ธํฌ๋Š” ๋ง‰์„ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•˜๋Š” ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์„ ์„ ํƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํˆฌ๊ณผ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์‚ด์•„์žˆ๋Š” ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ ํŠธ๋ฆฌํŒ ๋ธ”๋ฃจ๋Š” ํก์ˆ˜๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ฃฝ์€ ์„ธํฌ์˜ ๋ง‰์€ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ฃฝ์€ ์„ธํฌ๋Š” ํŒŒ๋ž€์ƒ‰์ด ๋˜๊ณ , ์‚ด์•„์žˆ๋Š” ์„ธํฌ๋Š” ์—ผ์ƒ‰๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์—ผ๋ฃŒ ๋ฐฐ์ œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
0
Nobelium is an actinoid atom and a f-block element atom.
๋ทฐํ‹ฐ๋ฆด์ฝœ๋ฆฐ(์˜์–ด: butyrylcholine)์€ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์ „๋‹ฌ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฝœ๋ฆฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ์—์Šคํ„ฐ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ทฐํ‹ฐ๋ฆด์ฝœ๋ฆฐ์€ ์•„์„ธํ‹ธ์ฝœ๋ฆฐ๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์•„์„ธํ‹ธ์ฝœ๋ฆฐ๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ทฐํ‹ฐ๋ฆด์ฝœ๋ฆฐ์€ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ด๋ฉฐ ์ฒด๋‚ด์—์„œ ์ž์—ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ๋ทฐํ‹ฐ๋ฆด์ฝœ๋ฆฐ์€ ์ฝœ๋ฆฐ์—์Šคํ„ฐ๋ ˆ์ด์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ž„์ƒ๋ณ‘๋ฆฌ์‹ค ๋„๊ตฌ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ์•„์„ธํ‹ธ์ฝœ๋ฆฐ์—์Šคํ„ฐ๋ ˆ์ด์Šค์™€ ๋ทฐํ‹ฐ๋ฆด์ฝœ๋ฆฐ์—์Šคํ„ฐ๋ ˆ์ด์Šค๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์•„์„ธํ‹ธ์ฝœ๋ฆฐ๊ณผ ๋ทฐํ‹ฐ๋ฆด์ฝœ๋ฆฐ์„ ์šฐ์„ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„ํ•ดํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ทฐํ‹ฐ๋ฆด์ฝœ๋ฆฐ์—์Šคํ„ฐ๋ ˆ์ด์Šค๋Š” ์Šˆ๋„์ฝœ๋ฆฐ์—์Šคํ„ฐ๋ ˆ์ด์Šค๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฐ๋‹ค.
0
Flunitrazepam is a 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is nitrazepam substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by a fluoro group at position 2'. It is a potent hypnotic, sedative, and amnestic drug used to treat chronic insomnia. It has a role as a sedative, a GABAA receptor agonist and an anxiolytic drug. It is a 1,4-benzodiazepinone, a C-nitro compound and a member of monofluorobenzenes.
๋ง๋ก ์‚ฐ์€ ๋‹ค์ด์นด๋ณต์‹ค์‚ฐ์˜ ์ผ์ข…์ด๋ฉฐ, ์„์‹ ์‚ฐ ํƒˆ์ˆ˜์†Œํšจ์†Œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์  ์ €ํ•ด์ œ๋‹ค. ํ™”ํ•™์‹์€ C3H4O4์ด๋‹ค.
0
Idarubicin is a monosaccharide derivative, an anthracycline antibiotic and a deoxy hexoside. It derives from a hydride of a tetracene.
๋‹ค์ด๋ฉ”ํ‹ธ ์„คํŒŒ์ด๋“œ(์˜์–ด: dimethyl sulfide)๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ ์ž์—ฐ์  ๋ฐœ์ƒ์›์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ํ™ฉ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์œ ๊ธฐ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ๋กœ ์ƒ์˜จ์—์„œ ์•ก์ฒด ์ƒํƒœ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋กœ ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ํŠน์ง•์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.
0
Metamizole is a pyrazole that is antiipyrine substituted at C-4 by a methyl(sulfomethyl)amino group, the sodium salt of which, metamizole sodium, was widely used as a powerful analgesic and antipyretic, but withdrawn from many markets from the 1970s due to a risk of causing risk of causing agranulocytosis. It has a role as an antipyretic, an antirheumatic drug, a non-narcotic analgesic, a peripheral nervous system drug, a prodrug, a cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor and an anti-inflammatory agent. It is a member of pyrazoles and an amino sulfonic acid. It is functionally related to an antipyrine. It is a conjugate acid of a metamizole(1-).
ํŒŒํŒŒ๋ฒ ๋ฆฐ(papaverine, ๋ผํ‹ด์–ด papaver, "์–‘๊ท€๋น„")์€ ์•„ํŽธ ์•Œ์นผ๋กœ์ด๋“œ ์ง„๊ฒฝ์ œ๋กœ์„œ, ๊ต๊ฐ ์—ฐ์ถ•๊ณผ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ๊ฒฝ๋ จ(ํŠนํžˆ ์ฐฝ์ž, ์‹ฌ์žฅ, ๋‡Œ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜๋ฐ˜ํ•˜๋Š”)์˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ์ฃผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ„ํ—์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ฐœ๊ธฐ๋ถ€์ „ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ธ‰์„ฑ ์žฅ๊ฐ„๋ง‰ ํ—ˆํ˜ˆ์„ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ์–‘๊ท€๋น„์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ ํŒŒํŒŒ๋ฒ ๋ฆฐ์€ ์ง„ํ†ต์„ฑ(๋ชฐํ•€ ๊ด€๋ จ) ์•„ํŽธ ์•Œ์นผ๋กœ์ด๋“œ(์•„ํŽธ์ œ)์™€ ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋ฐ ์•ฝ๋ฆฌ์  ๋™์ž‘ ๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
0
Thymidine (symbol dT or dThd), also known as deoxythymidine, deoxyribosylthymine, or thymine deoxyriboside, is a pyrimidine deoxynucleoside. Deoxythymidine is the DNA nucleoside T, which pairs with deoxyadenosine (A) in double-stranded DNA. In cell biology it is used to synchronize the cells in G1/early S phase. The prefix deoxy- is often left out since there are no precursors of thymine nucleotides involved in RNA synthesis. Before the boom in thymidine use caused by the need for thymidine in the production of the antiretroviral drug azidothymidine (AZT), much of the world's thymidine production came from herring sperm. Thymidine occurs almost exclusively in DNA but it also occurs in the T-loop of tRNA.
์„ธ๋ฆฐ(์˜์–ด: serine) (๊ธฐํ˜ธ: Ser ๋˜๋Š” S)์€ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์˜ ์ƒํ•ฉ์„ฑ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ฮฑ-์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‚ฐ์ด๋‹ค. ์„ธ๋ฆฐ์€ ฮฑ-์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ๊ธฐ(์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ์–‘์„ฑ์žํ™”๋œ โˆ’NH3+ ํ˜•ํƒœ), ฮฑ-์นด๋ณต์‹ค๊ธฐ(์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ํƒˆ์–‘์„ฑ์žํ™”๋œ โˆ’COOโˆ’ ํ˜•ํƒœ) ๋ฐ ๊ณ์‚ฌ์Šฌ์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋ก์‹œ๋ฉ”ํ‹ธ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์„ธ๋ฆฐ์€ ๊ทน์„ฑ ๋น„์ „ํ•˜ ์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‚ฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋œ๋‹ค. ์„ธ๋ฆฐ์€ ๋น„ํ•„์ˆ˜ ์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‚ฐ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์ฒด์—์„œ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์„ธ๋ฆฐ์€ UCU, UCC, UCA, UCG, AGU, AGC ์ฝ”๋ˆ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์•”ํ˜ธํ™”๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.
0
D-norpseudoephedrine, also known as cathine and (+)-norpseudoephedrine, is a psychoactive drug of the phenethylamine and amphetamine chemical classes which acts as a stimulant. Along with cathinone, it is found naturally in Catha edulis (khat), and contributes to its overall effects. It has approximately 7-10% the potency of amphetamine.
๊ตฌ์•„๋‹ˆ๋”˜(guanidine)์€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์‹์ด HN=C(NH2)2์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์œ ๊ธฐ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์—ผ๊ธฐ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ฑ์˜ ๊ณ ์ฒด๋กœ, ๊ตฌ์•„๋‹Œ์„ ๋ถ„ํ•ดํ•ด ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์˜ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ƒ์„ฑ๋˜๊ณ  ์†Œ๋ณ€ ์ค‘์—์„œ๋„ ๊ฒ€์ถœ๋œ๋‹ค.
0
Trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline is an optically active form of 4-hydroxyproline having L-trans-configuration. It has a role as a human metabolite, a plant metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a tautomer of a trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline zwitterion.
ํžˆ์Šคํ‹ฐ๋”˜(์˜์–ด: histidine) (๊ธฐํ˜ธ: His ๋˜๋Š” H)์€ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์˜ ์ƒํ•ฉ์„ฑ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ฮฑ-์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‚ฐ์ด๋‹ค. ํžˆ์Šคํ‹ฐ๋”˜์€ ฮฑ-์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ๊ธฐ(์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ์–‘์„ฑ์žํ™”๋œ โˆ’NH3+ ํ˜•ํƒœ), ฮฑ-์นด๋ณต์‹ค๊ธฐ(์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ํƒˆ์–‘์„ฑ์žํ™”๋œ โˆ’COOโˆ’ ํ˜•ํƒœ) ๋ฐ ๊ณ์‚ฌ์Šฌ์ธ ์ด๋ฏธ๋‹ค์กธ(๋ถ€๋ถ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–‘์„ฑ์žํ™”๋จ)์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํžˆ์Šคํ‹ฐ๋”˜์€ ์ƒ๋ฆฌํ•™์  pH์—์„œ ์–‘์ „ํ•˜๋ฅผ ๋ค ์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‚ฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋œ๋‹ค. ์ฒ˜์Œ์—๋Š” ์œ ์•„์—๊ฒŒ๋งŒ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ด์ œ๋Š” ์žฅ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์„ฑ์ธ์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ๋‹ค. ํžˆ์Šคํ‹ฐ๋”˜์€ CAU, CAC ์ฝ”๋ˆ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์•”ํ˜ธํ™”๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํžˆ์Šคํ‹ฐ๋”˜์€ 1896๋…„์— ๋…์ผ์˜ ์˜์‚ฌ์ธ ์•Œ๋ธŒ๋ ˆํžˆํŠธ ์ฝ”์…€๊ณผ ์Šค๋ฒค ๊ตฌ์Šคํƒ€ํ”„ ํ—ค๋”˜์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ตœ์ดˆ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํžˆ์Šคํ‹ฐ๋”˜์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ฉด์—ญ ๋ฐ˜์‘์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ผ์ฆ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ธ ํžˆ์Šคํƒ€๋ฏผ์˜ ์ „๊ตฌ์ฒด์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๋‹ค. ํžˆ์Šคํ‹ฐ๋”˜์˜ ์•„์‹ค ๋ผ๋””์นผ์€ ํžˆ์Šคํ‹ฐ๋”œ(์˜์–ด: histidyl)์ด๋‹ค.
0
Colchicine is a medication used to prevent and treat gout, to treat familial Mediterranean fever and Behรงet's disease, and to reduce the risk of myocardial infarction. The American College of Rheumatology recommends colchicine, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or steroids in the treatment of gout. Other uses for colchicine include the management of pericarditis. Colchicine is taken by mouth. The parenteral (injectable) route of administration for colchicine can be lethal, and in 2008, the FDA removed all injectable colchicine from the US market. Colchicine has a narrow therapeutic index, so overdosing is a significant risk. Common side effects of colchicine include gastrointestinal upset, particularly at high doses. Severe side effects may include pancytopenia (low blood cell counts) and rhabdomyolysis (damage to skeletal muscle), and the medication can be deadly in overdose. Whether colchicine is safe for use during pregnancy is unclear, but its use during breastfeeding appears to be safe. Colchicine works by decreasing inflammation via multiple mechanisms. Colchicine, in the form of the autumn crocus (Colchicum autumnale), was used as early as 1500 BC to treat joint swelling. It was approved for medical use in the United States in 1961. It is available as a generic medication. In 2022, it was the 197th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 2 million prescriptions. Colchicine is used in plant breeding to induce polyploidy, in which the number of chromosomes in plant cells are doubled. This helps produce larger, hardier, faster-growing, and in general, more desirable plants than the normally diploid parents.
ํ† ํ”ผ์†ŒํŒœ(Tofisopam, ์ƒํ’ˆ๋ช…์œผ๋กœ '๊ทธ๋ž€๋‹ฅ์‹ (ํ™˜์ธ์ œ์•ฝ)' ๋“ฑ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค)์€ ๋ฒค์กฐ๋””์•„์ œํ•€ ๊ณ„์—ด์— ์†ํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„์Šต๊ด€์„ฑ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ์•ˆ์ •์ œ์ด๋‹ค.
0
Isocoumarin is the simplest member of the class of isocoumarins that is 1H-isochromene which is substituted by an oxo group at position 1. It derives from a hydride of a 1H-isochromene.
๋ฆฌํ† ๋‚˜๋น„๋ฅด(Ritonavir, RTV)๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ฅด๋น„๋ฅด(Norvir)๋ผ๋Š” ์ด๋ฆ„์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋งค๋˜๋ฉฐ, ํ›„์ฒœ๋ฉด์—ญ๊ฒฐํ•์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ์„ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ํ•ญ๋ ˆํŠธ๋กœ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์ œ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์„ ๋ณ‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ•์€ ๊ณ ํ™œ์„ฑ ํ•ญ๋ ˆํŠธ๋กœ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ์š”๋ฒ•(HAART)์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ”„๋กœํ…Œ์•„์ œ ์–ต์ œ์ œ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๋ณต์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ Cํ˜• ๊ฐ„์—ผ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ๊ตฌํˆฌ์—ฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์บก์Š๋ณด๋‹ค ์•Œ์•ฝ(tablet)ํ˜•์ด ๋” ๋†’์€ ํšจ์œจ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ฉ”์Šค๊บผ์›€, ๊ตฌํ† , ์‹์š•๋ถ€์ง„, ์„ค์‚ฌ, ์†๋ฐœ ๋งˆ๋น„ ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ฐ„ ์งˆํ™˜, ์ทŒ์žฅ์—ผ, ์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๋ฐ˜์‘, ๋ถ€์ •๋งฅ ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์€ ์•„๋ฏธ์˜ค๋‹ค๋ก ์ด๋‚˜ ์‹ฌ๋ฐ”์Šคํƒ€ํ‹ด ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ๋“ค์—์„œ๋„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค. ์ ์€ ๋ณต์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์— ํ•œ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž„์‹  ์ค‘์—๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ํ”„๋กœํ…Œ์•„์ œ ์–ต์ œ์ œ ๋“ฑ๊ธ‰์ธ๋ฐ, ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ”„๋กœํ…Œ์•„์ œ ์–ต์ œ์ œ ๋ถ„ํ•ดํšจ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์–ต์ œํ•˜๋Š” ์šฉ๋„๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ”„๋กœํ…Œ์•„์ œ ์–ต์ œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฆฌํ† ๋‚˜๋น„๋ฅด์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํˆฌ์—ฌํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ ์€ ์–‘๋งŒ ํˆฌ์—ฌํ•ด๋„ ๋†’์€ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฆฌํ† ๋‚˜๋น„๋ฅด๋Š” 1989๋…„์— ํŠนํ—ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•˜๊ณ  1996๋…„์— ์˜ํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ ์˜๋ฃŒ์ œ๋„์—์„œ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ ๋ชฉ๋ก์ธ WHO ํ•„์ˆ˜ ์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ ๋ชฉ๋ก์— ๋“ฑ์žฌ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ์—์„œ์˜ ๋„๋งค๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ณดํ†ต ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— 0.07๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์—์„œ 2.20๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์‚ฌ์ด๋กœ ์ฑ…์ •๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ณต์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— ์•ฝ 9.20โ€“55๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€ ๋“ ๋‹ค.
0
(1R,2S)-2-(aminomethyl)-N,N-diethyl-1-phenyl-1-cyclopropanecarboxamide is a member of acetamides.
ํด๋ ˆ๋ถ€๋”˜(Clevudine)์€ Bํ˜• ๊ฐ„์—ผ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค(HBV) ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ•ญ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์ œ์ด๋‹ค. ์•„๋ฐํฌ๋น„๋ฅด์™€ ๋ณ‘์šฉ ํˆฌ์—ฌ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ด๋‹ค. ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทผ๋ณ‘์ฆ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.
0
Acetazolamide is a sulfonamide, a member of thiadiazoles and a monocarboxylic acid amide. It has a role as a diuretic, an anticonvulsant and an EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor. It is a conjugate acid of an acetazolamide(1-). It derives from a hydride of a 1,3,4-thiadiazole.
๋ฒ ํƒ€๋ฉ”ํƒ€์†(betamethasone)์€ ๋‹น์งˆ ์ฝ”๋ฅดํ‹ฐ์ฝ”์ด๋“œ ์Šคํ…Œ๋กœ์ด๋“œ ์•ฝ์ œ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฅ˜๋งˆํ‹ฐ์Šค ๊ด€์ ˆ์—ผ, ์ „์‹ ํ™๋ฐ˜๋ฃจํ‘ธ์Šค(SLE) ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฅ˜๋งˆํ‹ฐ์Šค ์งˆํ™˜, ํ”ผ๋ถ€์—ผ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฑด์„  ๋“ฑ ํ”ผ๋ถ€๋ณ‘, ์ฒœ์‹๊ณผ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€๋ถ€์ข…์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ์งˆํ™˜, ํฌ๋ก ๋ณ‘, ๋ฐฑํ˜ˆ๋ณ‘ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์•” ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ณ‘ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ์“ฐ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์กฐ์‚ฐ ์‹œ ํˆฌ์—ฌํ•˜์—ฌ ์•„๊ธฐ์˜ ํ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์†ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ด์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํ”Œ๋ฃจ๋“œ๋กœ์ฝ”๋ฅดํ‹ฐ์†๊ณผ ๋ณ‘์šฉํ•ด ๋ถ€์‹ ๊ฒ‰์งˆ๋ถ€์ „์— ์“ฐ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์•Œ์•ฝ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฝ๊ตฌ ์ œํ˜•, ํ˜น์€ ํฌ๋ฆผ, ๋กœ์…˜, ์•ก์ฒดํ˜• ๊ฐ™์€ ํ”ผ๋ถ€ ๋„ํฌ์šฉ ์ œํ˜•์ด ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ์‹ฌํ•œ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์—๋Š” ๊ฐ์—ผ ์œ„ํ—˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€, ๊ทผ์œก ์‡ ์•ฝ, ์ค‘์ฆ ์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๋ฐ˜์‘์ธ ์•„๋‚˜ํ•„๋ฝ์‹œ์Šค, ์ •์‹ ์ฆ ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์žฅ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์‹œ ๋ถ€์‹ ์ด ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋ถ€์ „ ์ƒํƒœ์— ๋น ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์žฅ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ค‘ ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ํˆฌ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ์ค‘๋‹จํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์„œ์„œํžˆ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ค„์ด๋ฉด์„œ ํˆฌ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ์ค‘๋‹จํ•œ๋‹ค. ํฌ๋ฆผ ์ œํ˜•์˜ ํ”ํ•œ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์€ ํ„ธ์ด ๋งŽ์ด ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ชจ์ฆ๊ณผ ํ”ผ๋ถ€ ์ž๊ทน์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฒ ํƒ€๋ฉ”ํƒ€์†์€ ์•ฝ๋ฆฌํ•™์  ๊ธฐ์ „์ƒ ๋‹น์งˆ ์ฝ”๋ฅดํ‹ฐ์ฝ”์ด๋“œ ๊ณ„์—ด์— ์†ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฑ์‚ฌ๋ฉ”ํƒ€์†์˜ ์ž…์ฒด ์ด์„ฑ์งˆ์ฒด์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋‘ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์€ 16๋ฒˆ ์œ„์น˜์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฉ”ํ‹ธ๊ธฐ์˜ 3์ฐจ์›์ƒ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ๋งŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค. 1958๋…„ ํŠนํ—ˆ๊ฐ€ ์ถœ์›๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด ์Šน์ธ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์€ 1961๋…„์ด๋‹ค. ํฌ๋ฆผ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ณ  ์ œํ˜•์ด WHO ํ•„์ˆ˜ ์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ ๋ชฉ๋ก์— ๋“ฑ์žฌ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณต์ œ์•ฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. 2021๋…„ ํ•œ ํ•ด ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ 100๋งŒ ๊ฑด ์ด์ƒ ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ๋˜์–ด, 251๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ๋งŽ์ด ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ๋œ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ง‘๊ณ„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
0
Clonazepam, sold under the brand name Klonopin among others, is a benzodiazepine medication used to prevent and treat anxiety disorders, seizures, bipolar mania, agitation associated with psychosis, obsessiveโ€“compulsive disorder (OCD), and akathisia. It is a long-acting tranquilizer of the benzodiazepine class. It possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative, hypnotic, and skeletal muscle relaxant properties. It is typically taken orally (swallowed by mouth) but is also used intravenously. Effects begin within one hour and last between eight and twelve hours in adults. Common side effects may include sleepiness, weakness, poor coordination, difficulty concentrating, and agitation. Clonazepam may also decrease memory formation. Long-term use may result in tolerance, dependence, and life-threatening withdrawal symptoms if stopped abruptly. Dependence occurs in one-third of people who take benzodiazepines for longer than four weeks. The risk of suicide increases, particularly in people who are already depressed. Use during pregnancy may result in harm to the fetus. Clonazepam binds to GABAA receptors, thus increasing the effect of the chief inhibitory neurotransmitter ฮณ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Clonazepam was patented in 1960 and went on sale in 1975 in the United States from Roche. It is available as a generic medication. In 2022, it was the 57th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 11 million prescriptions. In many areas of the world, it is commonly used as a recreational drug.
๋งํ† ์Šค(์˜์–ด: maltose) ๋˜๋Š” ์—ฟ๋‹น ๋˜๋Š” ๋งฅ์•„๋‹น(้บฅ่Šฝ็ณ–)์€ 2๋ถ„์ž์˜ ํฌ๋„๋‹น์ด ฮฑ(1โ†’4) ๊ธ€๋ฆฌ์ฝ”์‚ฌ์ด๋“œ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ์ด๋‹น๋ฅ˜์ด๋ฉฐ, ํ™”ํ•™์‹์€ C12H22O11์ด๋‹ค. ์ด์„ฑ์งˆ์ฒด์ธ ์•„์ด์†Œ๋งํ† ์Šค์—์„œ 2๋ถ„์ž์˜ ํฌ๋„๋‹น์€ ฮฑ(1โ†’6) ๊ธ€๋ฆฌ์ฝ”์‚ฌ์ด๋“œ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋งํ† ์Šค๋Š” ๋…น๋ง์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ ์ธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋ชจํ‹ฐํ”„์ธ ์•„๋ฐ€๋กœ์Šค์˜ 2๋‹จ์œ„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์ด๋‹ค. ฮฒ-์•„๋ฐ€๋ ˆ์ด์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋…น๋ง์„ ๋ถ„ํ•ดํ•  ๋•Œ, ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์— 2๋ถ„์ž์˜ ํฌ๋„๋‹น์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•ด์„œ ๋งํ† ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐ˜์‘์˜ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์•„ ์ค‘์ธ ์ข…์ž์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด "๋งฅ์•„(malt, ์—ฟ๊ธฐ๋ฆ„)์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ๋”ฐ์„œ "๋งํ† ์Šค(maltose)"๋กœ ๋ช…๋ช…๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜ํฌ๋กœ์Šค(์„คํƒ•)๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ๋งํ† ์Šค๋Š” ํ™˜์›๋‹น์ด๋‹ค.
0
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde (DOPAL), also known as dopamine aldehyde, is a metabolite of the monoamine neurotransmitter dopamine formed by monoamine oxidase (MAO). Other metabolic pathways of dopamine metabolism include methylation by catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) into 3-methoxytyramine and ฮฒ-hydroxylation by dopamine ฮฒ-hydroxylase (DBH) into norepinephrine. There is also spontaneous oxidation of dopamine into dopamine quinones and reactive oxygen species.
๋ธŒ๋กœ๋ฏผ์‚ฐ(Bromine้…ธ, ๊ตฌ์กฐ์‹: HBrO3)๋Š” ๋ธŒ๋กœ๋ฏผ์˜ ์‚ฐ์†Œ์‚ฐ์ด๋ฉฐ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์•ก์—์„œ๋งŒ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฌด์ƒ‰์˜ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์•ก์€ ์ƒ์˜จ์—์„œ ๋ธŒ๋กœ๋ฏผ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„ํ•ด๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ ์  ์ƒ‰์ด ๋…ธ๋ž—๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค.
0
Dihydrouracil is an intermediate in the catabolism of uracil. It is the base present in the nucleoside dihydrouridine.
ํ”ผ๋ผ์ง„(์˜์–ด: pyrazine)์€ ๋ถ„์ž์‹์ด C4H4N2์ธ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์กฑ ํ—คํ…Œ๋กœ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ ์œ ๊ธฐ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ํ”ผ๋ผ์ง„์€ ์ ๊ตฐ D2h๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๋Œ€์ง• ๋ถ„์ž์ด๋‹ค. ํ”ผ๋ผ์ง„์€ ํ”ผ๋ฆฌ๋”˜, ํ”ผ๋ฆฌ๋‹ค์ง„ ๋ฐ ํ”ผ๋ฆฌ๋ฏธ๋”˜๋ณด๋‹ค ๋œ ์—ผ๊ธฐ์„ฑ์ด๋‹ค. ํŽ˜๋‚˜์ง„๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์œ ๋„์ฒด๋Š” ํ•ญ์ข…์–‘์ œ, ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ ๋ฐ ์ด๋‡จ ์ž‘์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ”ผ๋ผ์ง„ ๋ฐ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์•Œํ‚ฌํ”ผ๋ผ์ง„์€ ์ œ๋นต ๋ฐ ๋กœ์ŠคํŒ… ์ œํ’ˆ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์กฑ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ํ…ŒํŠธ๋ผ๋ฉ”ํ‹ธํ”ผ๋ผ์ง„์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๋‹คํ˜•ํ•ต ๋ฐฑํ˜ˆ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ดˆ๊ณผ์‚ฐํ™”๋ฌผ์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์ผ์‚ฐํ™” ์งˆ์†Œ์˜ ์ƒ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
0
Arsane is an arsine, a member of arsanes and a mononuclear parent hydride. It is a conjugate base of an arsonium. It is a conjugate acid of an arsanide.
์—ผํ™” ๋ฒค์กฐ์ผ(๋ฒค์กฐ์ผ ํด๋กœ๋ผ์ด๋“œ, Benzoyl chloride) ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฒค์  ์นด๋ณด๋‹ ํด๋กœ๋ผ์ด๋“œ(benzenecarbonyl chloride)๋Š” ํ™”ํ•™์‹ C7H5ClO๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์œ ๊ธฐ์—ผ์†Œ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ์ž๊ทน์ ์ธ ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฌด์ƒ‰์˜ ๋ฐœ์—ฐ ์•ก์ฒด์ด๋ฉฐ, ์—ผํ™” ์•„์‹ค(โˆ’C(=O)Cl) ์น˜ํ™˜์ฒด์™€ ๋ฒค์   ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ(C6H6)๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ ๊ณผ์‚ฐํ™”๋ฌผ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์— ์œ ์šฉํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ผ๋ฃŒ, ํ–ฅ์ˆ˜, ์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜์ง€ ์ œ์กฐ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ๋„ ์œ ์šฉํ•˜๋‹ค.
0
Carbazole is an aromatic heterocyclic organic compound. It has a tricyclic structure, consisting of two six-membered benzene rings fused on either side of a five-membered nitrogen-containing ring. The compound's structure is based on the indole structure, but in which a second benzene ring is fused onto the five-membered ring at the 2โ€“3 position of indole (equivalent to the 9aโ€“4a double bond in carbazole, respectively). Carbazole is a constituent of tobacco smoke.
๋ธ”๋กœ๋‚œ์„ธ๋ฆฐ(์ƒํ’ˆ๋ช…์œผ๋กœ '๋กœ๋‚˜์„ผ' ๋“ฑ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค)์€ ์ผ๋ณธ ๋‹ค์ด๋‹›ํฐ ์Šค๋ฏธํ† ๋ชจ์ œ์•ฝ์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์—ฌ, ๋ถ€๊ด‘์•ฝํ’ˆ์—์„œ ๋ผ์ด์„ผ์Šค ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์กฐํ˜„๋ณ‘ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ œ์ด๋‹ค. 2008๋…„ 4์›” ์ผ๋ณธ ๋ฐœ๋งค์— ์ด์–ด ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ๋ฐœ๋งค๋˜์–ด, ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ ๊ฐœ์„ ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด ์นœํ™”์„ฑ์„ ๋””์ž์ธ ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฐœ๋…์˜ ์กฐํ˜„๋ณ‘ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ œ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ, ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋ฏผ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฌผ์งˆ ๋ฐ ์šฉ๋„ ํŠนํ—ˆ ๋งŒ๋ฃŒ ์ดํ›„์—, ๋กœ๋‚˜ํ(ํ™˜์ธ์ œ์•ฝ) ๋“ฑ ๋™์ผ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์˜ ์ œ๋„ค๋ฆญ ์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ ์ถœ์‹œํ•œ ๋ฐ” ์žˆ๋‹ค.
0
Kynurenine is a ketone that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 2-aminobenzoyl group. It has a role as a human metabolite. It is a substituted aniline, an aromatic ketone and a non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid. It is a conjugate acid of a kynureninate.
์‹ค๋ ˆ์ธ(์˜์–ด: silane), ์‹œ๋ ˆ์ธ, ์‹ค๋ž€์€ ํ™”ํ•™์‹ SiH4๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๋ฌด๊ธฐ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ์—ญ๊ฒจ์šด ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฌด์ƒ‰์˜ ๋…์„ฑ ๊ธฐ์ฒด์ด๋ฉฐ ์•„์„ธํŠธ์‚ฐ๊ณผ ๋‹ค์†Œ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๋‹ค.
0
Sarcosine is a natural product found in Sarcococca saligna, Drosophila melanogaster, and other organisms with data available.
์•„๋ฏธํŠธ๋ฆฌํ”„ํ‹ธ๋ฆฐ(amitriptyline)์€ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์ •์‹  ์งˆํ™˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ, ์—ํŠธ๋ผ๋นŒ(๋™ํ™”์•ฝํ’ˆ) ๋ฐ ์—๋‚˜ํฐ(ํ™˜์ธ์ œ์•ฝ)์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒํ’ˆ๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋งค๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ์ •์‹  ์งˆํ™˜์—๋Š” ์ฃผ์š” ์šฐ์šธ ์žฅ์• , ๋ถˆ์•ˆ ์žฅ์• , ์ฃผ์˜๋ ฅ๊ฒฐํ• ๊ณผ๋‹คํ–‰๋™์žฅ์• , ์กฐ์šธ์ฆ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋œ๋‹ค. ์•„๋ฏธํŠธ๋ฆฌํ”„ํ‹ธ๋ฆฐ์€ 1960๋…„์— ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, 1961๋…„์— ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์‹ํ’ˆ์˜์•ฝ๊ตญ(FDA)์— ์Šน์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๋ฃŒ ์ œ๋„์— ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ธ, ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์ธ WHO ํ•„์ˆ˜ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ ๋ชฉ๋ก์— ๋“ฑ์žฌ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋งค๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์€ ํ•ญ์ฝœ๋ฆฐ์„ฑ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ณ ๋ น์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๊ธˆ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)๋ฅผ 5์ฃผ ์ด๋‚ด์— ๋ณต์šฉํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ๊ธˆ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ผํ™˜๊ณ„ ํ•ญ์šฐ์šธ์ œ๋Š” ์‹ฌ์žฅ๋งˆ๋น„๋ฅผ ๊ฒช์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์–‘๊ทน์„ฑ ์žฅ์• , ์ •์‹ ๋ณ‘, ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ ์‹ฌ์žฅ ์งˆํ™˜, ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘, ๋…น๋‚ด์žฅ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฐ๋‡จ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ฃผ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ์ƒ์ด ๊ฐœ์„ ๋˜๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ตœ๋Œ€ 4์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑธ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์น˜๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ž‘ ํ›„ 12์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋‚˜๋ฉด ์žฌํ‰๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ตญ๊ณผ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” Elavil์ด ๋‹จ์ข…๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
0
Progesterone is a natural product found in Abedus herberti, Cota palaestina, and other organisms with data available.
ํ…Œ๋ชจ์กธ๋กœ๋งˆ์ด๋“œ(Temozolomide) ๋˜๋Š” ์ƒํ‘œ๋ช… ํ…Œ๋ชจ๋‹ฌ(Temodar)์€ ๊ฒฝ๊ตฌ ํˆฌ์—ฌ ํ•ญ์•”์ œ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‡Œ์ข…์–‘์˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค.
0
Darunavir is an N,N-disubstituted benzenesulfonamide bearing an unsubstituted amino group at the 4-position, used for the treatment of HIV infection. A second-generation HIV protease inhibitor, darunavir was designed to form robust interactions with the protease enzyme from many strains of HIV, including those from treatment-experienced patients with multiple resistance mutations to other protease inhibitors. It has a role as a HIV protease inhibitor and an antiviral drug. It is a furofuran, a carbamate ester and a sulfonamide.
์‚ผ์—ผํ™” ์งˆ์†Œ(Nitrogen trichloride)๋Š” ํ™”ํ•™์‹ NCl3์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๋ฆ„ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๋…ธ๋ž—๊ณ  ํ†ก ์˜๋Š” ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋ฉฐ ํญ๋ฐœ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์•ก์ฒด์ด๋ฉฐ ์•”๋ชจ๋‹ˆ์•„ ํŒŒ์ƒ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ์—ผ์†Œ ๊ฐ„ ํ™”ํ•™ ๋ฐ˜์‘์˜ ๋ถ€์‚ฐ๋ฌผ๋กœ์„œ ํ”ํžˆ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค.(์˜ˆ: ์ˆ˜์˜์žฅ์—์„œ)
0
Stachyose is a tetrasaccharide consisting of sucrose having an alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactosyl moiety attached at the 6-position of the glucose. It has a role as a plant metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a raffinose family oligosaccharide and a tetrasaccharide. It is functionally related to a sucrose and a raffinose.
์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹Œ(์˜์–ด: strychnine, /หˆstrษชknษชn/)์€ ๋…์„ฑ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ณ  (LD50 = c. 10 mg/kg), ์ƒˆ๋‚˜ ์„ค์น˜๋ฅ˜ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ž‘์€ ์ฒ™์ถ”๋™๋ฌผ์„ ์ฃฝ์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ด์ถฉ์ œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌด์ƒ‰์˜ ์•Œ์นผ๋กœ์ด๋“œ ๊ฒฐ์ •์ด๋‹ค. ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹Œ์€ ๊ทผ์œก ๊ฒฝ๋ จ์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๊ณ  ์งˆ์‹์ด๋‚˜ ํƒˆ์ง„์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์‚ฌ๋ง์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์›์ฒœ์€ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹Œ ๋‚˜๋ฌด์˜ ์”จ์•—์ด๋‹ค. ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹Œ์€ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ๋ฌผ์งˆ ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์“ด ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๋‹ค. ๋ง›์€ 1ppm์˜ ๋†๋„์—์„œ๋„ ๋Š๋‚„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
0
Simvastatin is a member of the class of hexahydronaphthalenes that is lovastatin in which the 2-methylbutyrate ester moiety has been replaced by a 2,2-dimethylbutyrate ester group. It is used as a cholesterol-lowering and anti-cardiovascular disease drug. It has a role as an EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor, a prodrug, an EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitor, a ferroptosis inducer and a geroprotector. It is a delta-lactone, a fatty acid ester, a statin (semi-synthetic) and a member of hexahydronaphthalenes. It is functionally related to a lovastatin.
๋‚˜์ดํŠธ๋กœ๊ธ€๋ฆฌ์„ธ๋ฆฐ(Nitroglycerin)(์˜์–ด: IPA: [nร itrouษกlรญsษ™rin] ๋‚˜์ดํŠธ๋กœ์šฐ๊ธ€๋ฆฌ์„œ๋ฆฐ[*]) ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹ˆํŠธ๋กœ๊ธ€๋ฆฌ์„ธ๋ฆฐ์€ ์‚ผ์งˆ์‚ฐ๊ธ€๋ฆฌ์„ธ๋กค์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ๋กœ, ๋ถ„์ž์‹์€ C3H5(NO3)3์ด๋‹ค. ํญ๋ฐœ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์œ ๋…์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ํˆฌ๋ช…๋ฌด์ƒ‰์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฆ„๊ฐ™์€ ์•ก์ฒด์ด๋‹ค.
0
Lovastatin is a fatty acid ester that is mevastatin carrying an additional methyl group on the carbobicyclic skeleton. It is used in as an anticholesteremic drug and has been found in fungal species such as Aspergillus terreus and Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom). It has a role as an Aspergillus metabolite, a prodrug, an anticholesteremic drug and an antineoplastic agent. It is a polyketide, a statin (naturally occurring), a member of hexahydronaphthalenes, a delta-lactone and a fatty acid ester. It is functionally related to a (S)-2-methylbutyric acid and a mevastatin.
์˜ค๋กœํŠธ์‚ฐ(Orotic acid) ๋˜๋Š” ์˜ค๋กœํ‹ด์‚ฐ์€ ํ—คํ…Œ๋กœ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฐํ™”๋ฌผ๋กœ ํ”ผ๋ฆฌ๋ฏธ๋”˜์— ์†ํ•œ๋‹ค. 1948๋…„์— ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋œ ์ด๋ž˜ ์˜ค๋žœ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋น„ํƒ€๋ฏผ B13์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋น„ํƒ€๋ฏผ B์˜ ์ผ์ข…์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์‹๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋Œ€๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ณ ๋“ฑ๋™๋ฌผ์ด ์ฒด๋‚ด์—์„œ ์ž์ฒด ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•  ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ๋‰ดํด๋ ˆ์˜คํƒ€์ด๋“œ์˜ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ์ค‘๊ฐ„์ฒด(en)์ž„์ด ํ™•์ธ๋˜์–ด ๋น„ํƒ€๋ฏผ B๊ตฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์™ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
0
Losartan, sold under the brand name Cozaar among others, is a medication used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). It is in the angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) family of medication, and is considered protective of the kidneys. Besides hypertension, it is also used in diabetic kidney disease, heart failure, and left ventricular enlargement. It comes as a tablet that is taken by mouth. It may be used alone or in addition to other blood pressure medication. Up to six weeks may be required for the full effects to occur. Common adverse effects include muscle cramps, stuffy nose, dizziness, cough, high blood potassium, and anemia. Severe adverse effects may include angioedema, low blood pressure, and kidney problems. Use during pregnancy may result in harm to the baby. Use is not recommended during breastfeeding. It works by blocking angiotensin II. Losartan was patented in 1986, and approved for medical use in the United States in 1995. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. It is available as a generic medication. In 2022, it was the eighth most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 53 million prescriptions. A version combined with hydrochlorothiazide is available which, in 2022, was the 75th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 8 million prescriptions.
๋ฉ”ํƒ„์•Œ(methanal)์€ ์ž๊ทน์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๋ฅผ ๋ค ๊ธฐ์ฒด์ƒ์˜ ํ™”ํ•™๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด๋‹ค. ์œ ๊ธฐํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์˜ ์ผ์ข…์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์•Œ๋ฐํžˆ๋“œ์ด๋‹ค. ํฌ๋ฆ„์•Œ๋ฐํ•˜์ด๋“œ(์˜์–ด: formaldehyde ํผ์•Œ๋ฐํ•˜์ด๋“œ[*] /fษ”หrmหˆรฆdษ™hหŒaid/) ๋˜๋Š” ํฌ๋ฆ„์•Œ๋ฐํžˆ๋“œ(๋…์ผ์–ด: formaldehyd)๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
0
Phosphoramidate is a phosphoric acid derivative. It is a conjugate base of a phosphoramidic acid.
์• ๋‹ˆ๋ผ์„ธํƒ(Aniracetam)์€ ๋ˆ„ํŠธ๋กœํ”ฝ์˜ ์ผ์ข…์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๋“œ๋ผ๊ฐ€๋…ผ ๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌํŽ„์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒํ‘œ๋ช…์œผ๋กœ๋„ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฐ๋‹ค. ๋ผ์„ธํƒ์˜ ์ผ์ข…์ด๋ฉฐ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์— ์ž˜ ๋…น๋Š”๋‹ค. ์• ๋‹ˆ๋ผ์„ธํƒ์€ ์ผ๋ณธ์—์„œ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋™๋ฌผ๊ณผ ์•Œ์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋จธ ํ™˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ •์ƒ์ธ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๋˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค.
0
Methidathion is an organic thiophosphate and an organothiophosphate insecticide. It has a role as an EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor, an acaricide and an agrochemical. It is functionally related to a 5-methoxy-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2(3H)-one.
ํ”ผํŽ˜์ฝœ์‚ฐ(Pipecolic acid)์€ ํ”„๋กค๋ฆฐ์˜ 5์›์ž ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ 6์›์ž์ธ ํ”ผํŽ˜๋ฆฌ๋”˜ ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€ ๋น„๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์„ฑ ์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‚ฐ์ด๋‹ค.
0
In organic chemistry, phthalic acid is an aromatic dicarboxylic acid, with formula C6H4(CO2H)2 and structure HO(O)Cโˆ’C6H4โˆ’C(O)OH. Although phthalic acid is of modest commercial importance, the closely related derivative phthalic anhydride is a commodity chemical produced on a large scale. Phthalic acid is one of three isomers of benzenedicarboxylic acid, the others being isophthalic acid and terephthalic acid.
์‚ฌ์ดํด๋กœ์˜ฅํ…Œ์ธ(cyclooctane) ๋˜๋Š” ์‹œํด๋กœ์˜ฅํƒ„์€ C8H16์˜ ํ™”ํ•™์‹์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ ๋ถ„์ž์— ํƒ„์†Œ์›์ž๊ฐ€ 8๊ฐœ์ธ ์‚ฌ์ดํด๋กœ์•Œ์ผ€์ธ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๋ฌด์ƒ‰ ํƒ„ํ™”์ˆ˜์†Œ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํฌํ™” 8์› ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฐธ์กฐ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์ดํด๋กœ์˜ฅํ…Œ์ธ์€ ์žฅ๋‡Œ ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๊ฐ€ ๋‚œ๋‹ค.
0
Metformin, sold under the brand name Glucophage, among others, is the main first-line medication for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes, particularly in people who are overweight. It is also used in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome, and is sometimes used as an off-label adjunct to lessen the risk of metabolic syndrome in people who take antipsychotic medication. It has been shown to inhibit inflammation, and is not associated with weight gain. Metformin is taken by mouth. Metformin is generally well tolerated. Common adverse effects include diarrhea, nausea, and abdominal pain. It has a small risk of causing low blood sugar. High blood lactic acid level (acidosis) is a concern if the medication is used in overly large doses or prescribed in people with severe kidney problems. Metformin is a biguanide anti-hyperglycemic agent. It works by decreasing glucose production in the liver, increasing the insulin sensitivity of body tissues, and increasing GDF15 secretion, which reduces appetite and caloric intake. Metformin was first described in scientific literature in 1922 by Emil Werner and James Bell. French physician Jean Sterne began the study in humans in the 1950s. It was introduced as a medication in France in 1957. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. It is available as a generic medication. In 2022, it was the second most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 86 million prescriptions. In Australia, it was one of the top 10 most prescribed medications between 2017 and 2023.
4-๋‚˜์ดํŠธ๋กœํŽ˜๋†€(์˜์–ด: 4-nitrophenol)์€ ๋ฒค์   ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋ก์‹ค๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํŽธ ์œ„์น˜์— ๋‚˜์ดํŠธ๋กœ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํŽ˜๋†€ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. p-๋‚˜์ดํŠธ๋กœํŽ˜๋†€(์˜์–ด: p-nitrophenol), 4-ํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋ก์‹œ๋‚˜์ดํŠธ๋กœ๋ฒค์  (์˜์–ด: 4-hydroxynitrobenzene)์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
0
Ethyl gallate is a food additive with E number E313. It is the ethyl ester of gallic acid. Ethyl gallate is added to food as an antioxidant. Though found naturally in a variety of plant sources including walnuts Terminalia myriocarpa or chebulic myrobolan (Terminalia chebula), ethyl gallate is produced from gallic acid and ethanol. It can be found in wine.
๋…ธ๋ฅด๋ฉ”ํƒ€๋„คํ”„๋ฆฐ(์˜์–ด: normetanephrine)์€ ๋…ธ๋ฅด์—ํ”ผ๋„คํ”„๋ฆฐ์— ์นดํ…Œ์ฝœ-O-๋ฉ”ํ‹ธํŠธ๋žœ์Šคํผ๋ ˆ์ด์Šค(catechol-O-methyl transferase,COMT)๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ฅด์—ํ”ผ๋„คํ”„๋ฆฐ์˜ ๋ถ„ํ•ด ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ์˜ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ์‚ฐ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ๋…ธ๋ฅด๋ฉ”ํƒ€๋„คํ”„๋ฆฐ์€ ์˜ค์คŒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์„ค๋˜๊ณ , ํŠน์ • ์กฐ์ง์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋…ธ๋ฅด๋ฉ”ํƒ€๋„คํ”„๋ฆฐ์€ ํฌ๋กฌ์นœํ™”์„ธํฌ์ข…๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์นดํ…Œ์ฝœ์•„๋ฏผ ๋ถ„๋น„ ์ข…์–‘์˜ ํ‘œ์ง€์ž์ด๋‹ค.
0
Glimepiride is a sulfonamide, a N-acylurea and a N-sulfonylurea. It has a role as a hypoglycemic agent and an insulin secretagogue.
๋‹ค์ดํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋ก์‹œ์•„์„ธํ†ค ์ธ์‚ฐ(์˜์–ด: dihydroxyacetone phosphate)์€ ๋‹ค์ดํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋ก์‹œ์•„์„ธํ†ค์˜ ์ธ์‚ฐ ์—์Šคํ„ฐ(์—์Šคํ…Œ๋ฅด)๋กœ ํ™”ํ•™์‹์ด HOCH2C(O)CH2OPO32-์ธ ์Œ์ด์˜จ์ด๊ณ , ์ค„์—ฌ์„œ DHAP๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์ดํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋ก์‹œ์•„์„ธํ†ค ์ธ์‚ฐ์€ ์‹๋ฌผ์˜ ์บ˜๋นˆ ํšŒ๋กœ ๋ฐ ํ•ด๋‹น๊ณผ์ •์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋งŽ์€ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ์— ๊ด€๊ณ„๋œ๋‹ค.
0
Metoprolol, sold under the brand name Lopressor among others, is a medication used to treat angina and a number of conditions involving an abnormally fast heart rate. It is also used to prevent further heart problems after myocardial infarction and to prevent headaches in those with migraines. It is a selective ฮฒ1 receptor blocker medication. It is taken by mouth or is given intravenously. Common side effects include trouble sleeping, feeling tired, feeling faint, and abdominal discomfort. Large doses may cause serious toxicity. Risk in pregnancy has not been ruled out. It appears to be safe in breastfeeding. The metabolism of metoprolol can vary widely among patients, often as a result of hepatic impairment or CYP2D6 polymorphism. Metoprolol was first made in 1969, patented in 1970, and approved for medical use in 1978. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. It is available as a generic medication. In 2022, it was the sixth most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 65 million prescriptions.
ํƒ„ํ™” ๊ทœ์†Œ (SiC)๋Š” ์นด๋ณด๋Ÿฐ๋ค(/หŒkษ‘หrbษ™หˆrสŒndษ™m/)์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ทœ์†Œ์™€ ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ํ•จ์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋„์ฒด์ด๋‹ค. ํƒ„ํ™”๊ทœ์†Œ๋Š” ์ž์—ฐ์—์„œ ๊ทนํžˆ ํฌ๊ท€ํ•œ ๊ด‘๋ฌผ ๋ชจ์ด์‚ฌ๋‚˜์ดํŠธ๋กœ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค. ํ•ฉ์„ฑ SiC ๋ถ„๋ง์€ ์—ฐ๋งˆ์žฌ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ 1893๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํƒ„ํ™”๊ทœ์†Œ ์ž…์ž๋Š” ์†Œ๊ฒฐ์„ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋˜์–ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹จ๋‹จํ•œ ์„ธ๋ผ๋ฏน์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ž๋™์ฐจ ๋ธŒ๋ ˆ์ดํฌ, ์ž๋™์ฐจ ํด๋Ÿฌ์น˜, ๋ฐฉํƒ„๋ณต, ์„ธ๋ผ๋ฏนํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ดํŠธ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋†’์€ ๋‚ด๊ตฌ์„ฑ์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ์‘์šฉ ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ๋„๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ฝ˜ ์นด๋ฐ”์ด๋“œ์˜ ํฐ ๋‹จ๊ฒฐ์ •์€ ๋ ๋ฆฌ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ํŒฝ์ฐฝํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ๋ชจ์ด์‚ฌ๋‚˜์ดํŠธ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ๋ณด์„์œผ๋กœ ์ ˆ๋‹จ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐœ๊ด‘ ๋‹ค์ด์˜ค๋“œ (LED) ๋ฐ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋ผ๋””์˜ค์˜ ๊ด‘์„ ๊ฐํŒŒ๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํƒ„ํ™”๊ทœ์†Œ์˜ ์ „์ž ์‘์šฉ์€ 1907๋…„๊ฒฝ์— ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์—ฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ฝ˜ ์นด๋ฐ”์ด๋“œ๋Š” ๊ณ ์˜จ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ณ ์ „์•• ๋˜๋Š” ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค์—์„œ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋„์ฒด ์ „์ž ์žฅ์น˜์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค.
0
Zymosterol is a natural product found in Homo sapiens, Solanum lycopersicum, and other organisms with data available.
ํฌ๋ฅดํฌ๋นŒ๋ฆฌ๋…ธ์  (์˜์–ด: porphobilinogen, PBG)์€ ํ—ค๋ชจ๊ธ€๋กœ๋นˆ, ์—ฝ๋ก์†Œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋“ค์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ธ ํฌ๋ฅดํ”ผ๋ฆฐ์˜ ์ƒํ•ฉ์„ฑ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ์˜ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์ƒ์„ฑ๋ฌผ๋กœ์„œ ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ฒด ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ์œ ๊ธฐ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ํฌ๋ฅดํฌ๋นŒ๋ฆฌ๋…ธ์   ๋ถ„์ž์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์˜ 2๋ฒˆ, 3๋ฒˆ ๋ฐ 4๋ฒˆ ์œ„์น˜์˜ ์ˆ˜์†Œ ์›์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ๋ฉ”ํ‹ธ๊ธฐ(โˆ’CH2โˆ’NH2), ์•„์„ธํ‹ธ๊ธฐ(โˆ’CH2COOH), ํ”„๋กœํ”ผ์˜ค๋‹๊ธฐ(โˆ’CH2CH2COOH)๋กœ ์น˜ํ™˜๋œ ๊ณ์‚ฌ์Šฌ(1๋ฒˆ์€ ์งˆ์†Œ ์›์ž์ž„)์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ํ”ผ๋กค ๋ถ„์ž๋กœ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
0
Leucine (symbol Leu or L) is an essential amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. Leucine is an ฮฑ-amino acid, meaning it contains an ฮฑ-amino group (which is in the protonated โˆ’NH3+ form under biological conditions), an ฮฑ-carboxylic acid group (which is in the deprotonated โˆ’COOโˆ’ form under biological conditions), and a side chain isobutyl group, making it a non-polar aliphatic amino acid. It is essential in humans, meaning the body cannot synthesize it: it must be obtained from the diet. Human dietary sources are foods that contain protein, such as meats, dairy products, soy products, and beans and other legumes. It is encoded by the codons UUA, UUG, CUU, CUC, CUA, and CUG. Leucine is named after the Greek word for "white": ฮปฮตฯ…ฮบฯŒฯ‚ (leukรณs, "white"), after its common appearance as a white powder, a property it shares with many other amino acids. Like valine and isoleucine, leucine is a branched-chain amino acid. The primary metabolic end products of leucine metabolism are acetyl-CoA and acetoacetate; consequently, it is one of the two exclusively ketogenic amino acids, with lysine being the other. It is the most important ketogenic amino acid in humans. Leucine and ฮฒ-hydroxy ฮฒ-methylbutyric acid, a minor leucine metabolite, exhibit pharmacological activity in humans and have been demonstrated to promote protein biosynthesis via the phosphorylation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR).
๋ฅ˜์‹ (์˜์–ด: leucine, ๋…์ผ์–ด: leucin ๋กœ์ด์‹ [*], ๋ฌธํ™”์–ด: ๋กœ์ด์‹ , ๊ธฐํ˜ธ: Leu or L)์€ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์˜ ์ƒํ•ฉ์„ฑ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ํ•„์ˆ˜ ์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‚ฐ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฅ˜์‹ ์€ ฮฑ-์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‚ฐ์ด๋ฉฐ, ฮฑ-์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ๊ธฐ(์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ์–‘์„ฑ์žํ™”๋œ โˆ’NH3+ ํ˜•ํƒœ), ฮฑ-์นด๋ณต์‹ค๊ธฐ(์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ํƒˆ์–‘์„ฑ์žํ™”๋œ โˆ’COOโˆ’ ํ˜•ํƒœ) ๋ฐ ๊ณ์‚ฌ์Šฌ์ธ ์•„์ด์†Œ๋ทฐํ‹ธ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฅ˜์‹ ์€ ๋น„๊ทน์„ฑ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์กฑ ์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‚ฐ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฅ˜์‹ ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‚ฐ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ ์ฒด์—์„œ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ ์Œ์‹์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์„ญ์ทจํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์œก๋ฅ˜, ์œ ์ œํ’ˆ, ์ฝฉ ์ œํ’ˆ, ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์ฝฉ๋ฅ˜์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์„ ํ•จ์œ ํ•œ ์‹ํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฅ˜์‹ ์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฅ˜์‹ ์€ UUA, UUG, CUU, CUC, CUA, CUG ์ฝ”๋ˆ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์•”ํ˜ธํ™”๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐœ๋ฆฐ๊ณผ ์•„์ด์†Œ๋ฅ˜์‹ ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๋ฅ˜์‹ ์€ ๊ฐ€์ง€์‚ฌ์Šฌ ์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‚ฐ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฅ˜์‹  ๋Œ€์‚ฌ์˜ ์ฃผ์š”ํ•œ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ ์ตœ์ข… ์‚ฐ๋ฌผ์€ ์•„์„ธํ‹ธ-CoA์™€ ์•„์„ธํ† ์•„์„ธํŠธ์‚ฐ์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฅ˜์‹ ์€ ๋ฆฌ์‹ ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ผ€ํ†ค์ฒด์ƒ์„ฑ์„ฑ ์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‚ฐ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฅ˜์‹ ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ผ€ํ†ค์ฒด์ƒ์„ฑ์„ฑ ์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‚ฐ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฅ˜์‹  ๋ฐ ๋ฅ˜์‹ ์˜ ์†Œ๋Ÿ‰ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ์‚ฐ๋ฌผ์ธ ฮฒ-ํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋ก์‹œ ฮฒ-๋ฉ”ํ‹ธ๋ทฐํ‹ฐ๋ฅด์‚ฐ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—์„œ ์•ฝ๋ฆฌํ•™์  ํ™œ์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉฐ, mTOR์˜ ์ธ์‚ฐํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์˜ ์ƒํ•ฉ์„ฑ์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž…์ฆ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
1
Mesitylene or 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene is a derivative of benzene with three methyl substituents positioned symmetrically around the ring. The other two isomeric trimethylbenzenes are 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene (pseudocumene) and 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene (hemimellitene). All three compounds have the formula C6H3(CH3)3, which is commonly abbreviated C6H3Me3. Mesitylene is a colorless liquid with sweet aromatic odor. It is a component of coal tar, which is its traditional source. It is a precursor to diverse fine chemicals. The mesityl group (Mes) is a substituent with the formula C6H2Me3 and is found in various other compounds.
ํ‹ฐ๋ชฐ(thymol, 2-isopropyl-5-methylphenol, IPMP)์€ P-์‚ฌ์ด๋ฉ˜(C10H14O)์˜ ์ฒœ์—ฐ ๋ชจ๋…ธํ„ฐํŽœ ํŽ˜๋†€ ํŒŒ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฐฑ๋ฆฌํ–ฅ ๊ธฐ๋ฆ„์—์„œ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ํƒ€์ž„, ์•„์ง€๋ฐ”์ธ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์‹๋ฌผ๋“ค์—์„œ ์ถ”์ถœ๋œ๋‹ค. ํ‹ฐ๋ชฐ์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ํ—ˆ๋ธŒ ๋ฐฑ๋ฆฌํ–ฅ์˜ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ํ–ฅ์ด ํŠน์ง•์ด๋‹ค.
0
Deoxycytidine diphosphate is a nucleoside diphosphate. It is related to the common nucleic acid CTP, or cytidine triphosphate, with the -OH (hydroxyl) group on the 2' carbon on the nucleotide's pentose removed (hence the deoxy- part of the name), and with one fewer phosphoryl group than CTP . 2'-Deoxycytidine diphosphate is abbreviated as dCDP.
๊ธ€๋ฆฌ์‹ (์˜์–ด: glycine) (๊ธฐํ˜ธ: Gly or G)์€ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์˜ ์ƒํ•ฉ์„ฑ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ฮฑ-์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‚ฐ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ธ€๋ฆฌ์‹ ์€ ฮฑ-์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ๊ธฐ(์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ์–‘์„ฑ์žํ™”๋œ โˆ’NH3+ ํ˜•ํƒœ), ฮฑ-์นด๋ณต์‹ค๊ธฐ(์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ํƒˆ์–‘์„ฑ์žํ™”๋œ โˆ’COOโˆ’ ํ˜•ํƒœ) ๋ฐ ๊ณ์‚ฌ์Šฌ์ธ ๋‹จ์ผ ์ˆ˜์†Œ ์›์ž๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธ€๋ฆฌ์‹ ์€ ํ™”ํ•™์‹์ด NH2โ€CH2โ€COOH์ด๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์•ˆ์ •๋œ ์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‚ฐ(์นด๋ฅด๋ฐค์‚ฐ์€ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •ํ•จ)์ด๋‹ค. ๊ธ€๋ฆฌ์‹ ์€ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์ƒ์„ฑ์„ฑ ์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‚ฐ๋“ค ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๋‹ค. ๊ธ€๋ฆฌ์‹ ์€ GG๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฝ”๋ˆ(GGU, GGC, GGA, GGG)์— ์˜ํ•ด ์•”ํ˜ธํ™”๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธ€๋ฆฌ์‹ ์€ ์กฐ๋ฐ€ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์˜ 2์ฐจ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์—์„œ ฮฑ-๋‚˜์„ ์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ์— ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฐ™์€ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ์ฝœ๋ผ๊ฒ ์‚ผ์ค‘ ๋‚˜์„ ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ ์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‚ฐ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ธ€๋ฆฌ์‹ ์€ ์–ต์ œ์„ฑ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์ „๋‹ฌ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋ฐ, ์ฒ™์ˆ˜ ๋‚ด ๊ธ€๋ฆฌ์‹ ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์ถœ์„ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•˜๋ฉด(์˜ˆ: ํŒŒ์ƒํ’๊ท (Clostridium tetani) ๊ฐ์—ผ์‹œ) ์–ต์ œ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ทผ์œก ์ˆ˜์ถ•์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๊ฒฝ๋ จ์„ฑ ๋งˆ๋น„๋ฅผ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธ€๋ฆฌ์‹ ์€ ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๋น„์นด์ด๋ž„์„ฑ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์ƒ์„ฑ์„ฑ ์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‚ฐ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ธ€๋ฆฌ์‹ ์€ ๋‹จ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ˆ˜์†Œ ์›์ž๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ์ตœ์†Œํ•œ์˜ ๊ณ์‚ฌ์Šฌ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์นœ์ˆ˜์„ฑ ๋˜๋Š” ์†Œ์ˆ˜์„ฑ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
0
Pyrene is an ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of four fused benzene rings, resulting in a flat aromatic system. It has a role as a fluorescent probe and a persistent organic pollutant.
ํผํ”Œ๋ฃจ์˜ค๋กœ๋ฐ์นผ๋ฆฐ(perfluorodecaline)๋Š” ํ”Œ๋ฃจ์˜ค๋ฆฐ๊ณผ ํƒ„์†Œ์˜ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ”Œ๋ฃจ์˜ค๋ฆฐํ™” ํƒ„์†Œ๋“ค๋„ ์‚ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ด ์šฉํ•ด์‹œํ‚ค์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์šฉํ•ด์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด๋‹ค.
0
Decane is a straight-chain alkane with 10 carbon atoms.
๋‹ค์ด๋ฉ”ํ‹ธ์•„๋ฏผ(์˜์–ด: dimethylamine)์€ ํ™”ํ•™์‹์ด (CH3)2NH์ธ ์œ ๊ธฐ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด 2์ฐจ ์•„๋ฏผ์€ ์•”๋ชจ๋‹ˆ์•„ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฌด์ƒ‰์˜ ๊ฐ€์—ฐ์„ฑ ๊ฐ€์Šค์ด๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์ด๋ฉ”ํ‹ธ์•„๋ฏผ์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์•ฝ 40% ๋†๋„์˜ ๋ฌผ์— ์šฉํ•ด๋œ ์šฉ์•ก์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์—…์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. 2005๋…„์—๋Š” ์•ฝ 27๋งŒํ†ค์ด ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋๋‹ค.
0
Gingerol ([6]-gingerol) is a phenolic phytochemical compound found in fresh ginger that activates heat receptors on the tongue. It is normally found as a pungent yellow oil in the ginger rhizome, but can also form a low-melting crystalline solid. This chemical compound is found in all members of the Zingiberaceae family and is high in concentrations in the grains of paradise as well as an African Ginger species. Cooking ginger transforms gingerol via a reverse aldol reaction into zingerone, which is less pungent and has a spicy-sweet aroma. When ginger is dried or mildly heated, gingerol undergoes a dehydration reaction forming shogaols, which are about twice as pungent as gingerol. This explains why dried ginger is more pungent than fresh ginger. Ginger also contains [8]-gingerol, [10]-gingerol, and [12]-gingerol, collectively deemed gingerols.
๋ฆฌ์‹ (์˜์–ด: lysine) (๊ธฐํ˜ธ: Lys or K)์€ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์˜ ์ƒํ•ฉ์„ฑ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ฮฑ-์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‚ฐ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฆฌ์‹ ์€ ฮฑ-์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ๊ธฐ(์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ์–‘์„ฑ์žํ™”๋œ โˆ’NH3+ ํ˜•ํƒœ), ฮฑ-์นด๋ณต์‹ค๊ธฐ(์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ํƒˆ์–‘์„ฑ์žํ™”๋œ โˆ’COOโˆ’ ํ˜•ํƒœ) ๋ฐ ๊ณ์‚ฌ์Šฌ์ธ ๋ฆฌ์‹ค๊ธฐ((CH2)4NH2)๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฆฌ์‹ ์€ ์—ผ๊ธฐ์„ฑ ์–‘์ „ํ•˜(์ƒ๋ฆฌํ•™์  pH์—์„œ), ์ง€๋ฐฉ์กฑ ์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‚ฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ฆฌ์‹ ์€ AAA, AAG ์ฝ”๋ˆ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์•”ํ˜ธํ™”๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‚ฐ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ฮฑ-ํƒ„์†Œ๋Š” ์นด์ด๋ž„์„ฑ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋ฆฌ์‹ ์€ 2๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฑฐ์šธ์ƒ ์ด์„ฑ์งˆ์ฒด ๋˜๋Š” 2๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ๋ผ์„ธ๋ฏธ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ฌธ์„œ์—์„œ ๋ฆฌ์‹ ์€ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์„ฑ์ธ ๊ฑฐ์šธ์ƒ ์ด์„ฑ์งˆ์ฒด์ธ L-๋ฆฌ์‹ ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ฮฑ-ํƒ„์†Œ๋Š” S ์ž…์ฒด๋ฐฐ์น˜์ด๋‹ค. ์ธ์ฒด๋Š” ๋ฆฌ์‹ ์„ ํ•ฉ์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค. ๋ฆฌ์‹ ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—์„œ ํ•„์ˆ˜ ์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‚ฐ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์‹์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์„ญ์ทจํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฆฌ์‹ ์„ ํ•ฉ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฌผ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ฃผ์š” ์ƒํ•ฉ์„ฑ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ์ธ ๋‹ค์ด์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธํ”ผ๋ฉœ์‚ฐ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ ๋ฐ ฮฑ-์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์•„๋””ํ”„์‚ฐ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋“ค ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ณ„๊ฐœ์˜ ํšจ์†Œ์™€ ๊ธฐ์งˆ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ƒ๋ฌผ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ฆฌ์‹ ์˜ ์ดํ™”์ž‘์šฉ์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋“ค ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์นด๋กœํ•€ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฆฌ์‹ ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ์ƒ์„ฑ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ฝœ๋ผ๊ฒ ํด๋ฆฌํŽฉํƒ€์ด๋“œ์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ต ํ˜•์„ฑ, ํ•„์ˆ˜ ๋ฏธ๋„ค๋ž„ ์˜์–‘์†Œ์˜ ํก์ˆ˜, ์ง€๋ฐฉ์‚ฐ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ ์ธ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ธ ์นด๋ฅด๋‹ˆํ‹ด์˜ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฆฌ์‹ ์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ์ข…์ข… ํžˆ์Šคํ†ค ๋ณ€ํ˜•์— ๊ด€์—ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ›„์„ฑ์œ ์ „์ฒด์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ๋‹ค. ฮต-์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ข…์ข… ์ˆ˜์†Œ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด‰๋งค ์ž‘์šฉ์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์—ผ๊ธฐ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ฮต-์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์นด๋ณต์‹ค๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ฮฑ-ํƒ„์†Œ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 4๋ฒˆ์งธ ํƒ„์†Œ์— ๋ถ€์ฐฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋ฆฌ์‹ ์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ฆฌ์‹ ์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ์กฐ์ง์˜ ๊ฒฐํ•จ, ์ง€๋ฐฉ์‚ฐ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ์˜ ์žฅ์• , ๋นˆํ˜ˆ ๋ฐ ์ „์‹  ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๊ฒฐํ•์„ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์งˆ๋ณ‘ ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์กฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋น„ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ์ดํ™”์ž‘์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๊ณผ๋„ํ•œ ๋ฆฌ์‹ ์€ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ์งˆํ™˜์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฆฌ์‹ ์€ 1889๋…„์— ๋…์ผ์˜ ์ƒํ™”ํ•™์ž ํŽ˜๋ฅด๋””๋‚œํŠธ ํ•˜์ธ๋ฆฌํžˆ ์—๋“œ๋ฌธํŠธ ๋“œ๋ ˆํ์…€(Ferdinand Heinrich Edmund Drechsel)์— ์˜ํ•ด ์šฐ์œ ์˜ ์นด์ œ์ธ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์—์„œ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•œ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ "lysin"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ช…๋ช…ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. 1902๋…„์— ๋…์ผ์˜ ํ™”ํ•™์ž ์—๋ฐ€ ํ”ผ์…”์™€ ํ”„๋ฆฌ์ธ  ๋ฐ”์ด๊ฒŒ๋ฅดํŠธ(Fritz Weigert)๋Š” ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฆฌ์‹ ์˜ ํ™”ํ•™ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
0
Metanephrine is a catecholamine.
ํฌ๋ฅดํ”ผ๋ฆฐ(Porphyrin)์€ ํ”ผ๋กค ๊ตฌ์กฐ 4๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ”ํ‹ด๊ธฐ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์˜ ์ผ์ข…์ด๋‹ค.
0
Dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) is an oxidized form of ascorbic acid (vitamin C). It is actively imported into the endoplasmic reticulum of cells via glucose transporters. It is trapped therein by reduction back to ascorbic acid by glutathione and other thiols. The (free) chemical radical semidehydroascorbic acid (SDA) also belongs to the group of oxidized ascorbic acids.
๊ตฌ์•„์ดํŽ˜๋„ค์‹ (Guaifenesin)์€ ๊ธ€๋ฆฌ์„ธ๋ฆด ๊ตฌ์•„์ด์•„์ฝœ๋ ˆ์ดํŠธ(glyceryl guaiacolate)๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,์ธ์ฒด์˜ ๊ธฐ๋„์—์„œ ์ ์•ก์„ ๊ฐ€๋ผ ์•‰ํžˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด๋˜๋Š” ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์นจ์ด ์ค„์–ด๋“œ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ถˆ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•˜๋‹ค. 6์„ธ ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์˜ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ถŒ์žฅ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์•„์ดํŽ˜๋„ค์‹ ์€ ์ง„ํ•ด๊ฑฐ๋‹ด์ œ(๊ฐ€๋ž˜์•ฝ)์˜ ์ฃผ์„ฑ๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค.
0
Pyrimidine is the parent compound of the pyrimidines; a diazine having the two nitrogens at the 1- and 3-positions. It has a role as a Daphnia magna metabolite. It is a member of pyrimidines and a diazine.
ํ”ผ๋ฆฌ๋ฏธ๋”˜(์˜์–ด: pyrimidine)์€ ํ”ผ๋ฆฌ๋”˜๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์กฑ ํ—คํ…Œ๋กœ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ ์œ ๊ธฐ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ํ”ผ๋ฆฌ๋ฏธ๋”˜์€ 3๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ๋‹ค์ด์•„์ง„(๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์— 2๊ฐœ์˜ ์งˆ์†Œ ์›์ž๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” 6์›์ž ํ—คํ…Œ๋กœ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ)๋“ค ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์˜ 1๋ฒˆ ์œ„์น˜์™€ 3๋ฒˆ ์œ„์น˜์— ์งˆ์†Œ ์›์ž๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹ค์ด์•„์ง„๋“ค์€ ํ”ผ๋ผ์ง„(๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์˜ 1๋ฒˆ ์œ„์น˜์™€ 4๋ฒˆ ์œ„์น˜์— ์งˆ์†Œ ์›์ž๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ)๊ณผ ํ”ผ๋ฆฌ๋‹ค์ง„(๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์˜ 1๋ฒˆ ์œ„์น˜์™€ 2๋ฒˆ ์œ„์น˜์— ์งˆ์†Œ ์›์ž๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ)์ด๋‹ค. ํ•ต์‚ฐ์—์„œ 3๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ•ต์—ผ๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ”ผ๋ฆฌ๋ฏธ๋”˜ ์œ ๋„์ฒด์ธ ์‚ฌ์ดํ† ์‹ (C), ํ‹ฐ๋ฏผ(T), ์œ ๋ผ์‹ค(U)์ด๋‹ค.
0
Isocyanic acid is a colourless, volatile, poisonous inorganic compound with the formula HNCO; the simplest stable chemical compound that contains carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen, the four most commonly-found elements in organic chemistry and biology. It is a hydracid and a one-carbon compound. It is a conjugate acid of a cyanate. It is a tautomer of a cyanic acid.
์ง€๋ชจ์Šคํ…Œ๋กค(์˜์–ด: zymosterol)์€ ์ฝœ๋ ˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋กค ์ƒํ•ฉ์„ฑ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ์˜ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์ƒ์„ฑ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ผ๋…ธ์Šคํ…Œ๋กค์€ ์ง€๋ชจ์Šคํ…Œ๋กค์˜ ์ „๊ตฌ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๋ชจ์Šคํ…Œ๋กค์˜ ์ฝœ๋ ˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋กค๋กœ์˜ ์ „ํ™˜์€ ์†Œํฌ์ฒด์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ๋‹ค. ์ง€๋ชจ์Šคํ…Œ๋กค์€ ์„ธํฌ์งˆ์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ์›ํ˜•์งˆ๋ง‰์— ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ถ•์ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์„ธํฌ์งˆ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ง€๋ชจ์Šคํ…Œ๋กค์˜ ์›€์ง์ž„์€ ์ฝœ๋ ˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋กค์˜ ์›€์ง์ž„๋ณด๋‹ค 2๋ฐฐ ์ด์ƒ ๋น ๋ฅด๋‹ค.
0
Butane is a straight chain alkane composed of 4 carbon atoms. It has a role as a food propellant and a refrigerant. It is a gas molecular entity and an alkane.
๋ทฐํ…Œ์ธ(์˜์–ด: Butane) ๋˜๋Š” ๋ถ€ํƒ„(๋…์ผ์–ด: Butan)์€ ์•Œ์นธ์กฑ ํƒ„ํ™” ์ˆ˜์†Œ์ด๋‹ค. ํ™”ํ•™์‹์€ C4H10์ด๊ณ , ๋…ธ๋ฅด๋ง-๋ถ€ํƒ„(n-butane) ์™ธ์— ์•„์ด์†Œ๋ทฐํ…Œ์ธ(Isobutane) ์ด์„ฑ์งˆ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ทฐํ…Œ์ธ์€ ์ƒ์˜จ์—์„œ ์•ก์ฒด๋กœ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌด์ƒ‰ ๋ฐ ๋ฌดํ–ฅ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ฒด์ด๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ€์—ฐ์„ฑ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๋งŽ์ด ์“ฐ์ธ๋‹ค. ๋ทฐํ…Œ์ธ ๊ฐ€์Šค๋„ ๋ทฐํ…Œ์ธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๋งŽ์€ ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ 19์„ธ, 20์„ธ, 21์„ธ ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ทฐํ…Œ์ธ ๊ฐ€์Šค๋ฅผ ํŒ”์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. (๋Œ€ํ•œ๋ฏผ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋งŒ 19์„ธ ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์€ ๋ทฐํ…Œ์ธ ๊ฐ€์Šค๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค.) ๋ทฐํ…Œ์ธ ๊ฐ€์Šค์—์„œ ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์Šค๊ฐ€ ์šฉ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์ƒˆ์–ด ๋‚˜์˜ฌ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ธ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ฒจ๊ฐ€ํ•œ ๋ถ€์ทจ์ œ(์ฐฉ์ทจ์ œ, ๋ถˆํ™ฉ์„ฑ ํ™ฉํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ)์˜ ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ชฐ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์€ 58.124g/mol์ด๋‹ค.
1
Furfural is an aldehyde that is furan with the hydrogen at position 2 substituted by a formyl group. It has a role as a Maillard reaction product and a metabolite. It is a member of furans and an aldehyde. It is functionally related to a furan.
๋””๋ฉ”ํ‹ธ์ˆ˜์€, ๋‹ค์ด๋ฉ”ํ‹ธ์ˆ˜์€(Dimethylmercury)์€ ํ™”ํ•™์‹ (CH3)2Hg๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋…์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ˜์€ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ํœ˜๋ฐœ์„ฑ, ๊ฐ€์—ฐ์„ฑ, ๋ฌด์ƒ‰ ์•ก์ฒด์ธ ๋””๋ฉ”ํ‹ธ์ˆ˜์€์€ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋… ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๋‹ค. 0.1mL ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์ด๋ฉด ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ์ˆ˜์€ ์ค‘๋…์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ๋ง์— ์ด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
0
Trimethoprim is an aminopyrimidine antibiotic whose structure consists of pyrimidine 2,4-diamine and 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene moieties linked by a methylene bridge. It has a role as an EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor, a xenobiotic, an environmental contaminant, a drug allergen, an antibacterial drug and a diuretic. It is a member of methoxybenzenes and an aminopyrimidine.
ํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋ฉ”ํ† ํ”„๋ฆผ(trimethoprim, TMP)์€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์š”๋กœ๊ฐ์—ผ์ฆ์˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฐ–์—๋„ ์ค‘์ด์—ผ, ๋ฌผ๊ฐˆ์ด์—๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์„คํŒŒ๋ฉ”ํ†ก์‚ฌ์กธ์ด๋‚˜ ๋Œ‘์†๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์“ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ HIV/AIDS ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์ฃผํํฌ์ž์ถฉ ํ๋ ด์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•์œผ๋กœ ํˆฌ์—ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ฉ”์Šค๊บผ์›€, ์ž…๋ง›์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”, ๋ฐœ์ง„์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํฌ๊ท€ํ•œ ํŽธ์ด๊ธด ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ˜ˆ์†ŒํŒ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฐฑํ˜ˆ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋“ฑ์˜ ํ˜ˆ์•ก ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ–‡๋น› ๋ฏผ๊ฐ์„ฑ์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ถ€ ์ง์Šน์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ž„์‹  ์ค‘ ๋ณต์šฉ ์‹œ ์ž ์žฌ์ ์ธ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ํ•ด๋‹น๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ถ€ ๋ณ‘๊ท ์˜ ์ด์ˆ˜์†Œ์—ฝ์‚ฐ ํ™˜์›ํšจ์†Œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์—ฝ์‚ฐ ์‹ ์ง„๋Œ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐจ๋‹จํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด ๋ณ‘๊ท ๋“ค์„ ์ฃฝ์ž„์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋™์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋ฉ”ํ† ํ”„๋ฆผ์€ 1962๋…„ ์ฒ˜์Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๋ฃŒ์ œ๋„์— ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ ๋ชฉ๋ก์ธ WHO ํ•„์ˆ˜ ์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ ๋ชฉ๋ก์— ๋“ฑ์žฌ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ๋„ค๋ฆญ ์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋งค๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋น„์‹ผ ํŽธ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 10์ผ์น˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋น„๋Š” ๋Œ€๋žต $21์— ์ด๋ฅธ๋‹ค.
1
(S)-amphetamine is a 1-phenylpropan-2-amine that has S configuration. It has a role as a neurotoxin, an adrenergic uptake inhibitor, a dopaminergic agent, a sympathomimetic agent, a dopamine uptake inhibitor and an adrenergic agent. It is an enantiomer of a (R)-amphetamine.
์—ผ์†Œ์‚ฐ(้นฝ็ด ้…ธ, ๊ตฌ์กฐ์‹:HClO3)๋Š” ์—ผ์†Œ์˜ ์‚ฐ์†Œ์‚ฐ์ด๋ฉฐ ๋ฌด์ƒ‰์ด๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฐ€์šฉ์„ฑ์„ ๋ ๋Š” ์•ก์ฒด์ด๋‹ค. pKa๋Š” -1 ์ •๋„์ด๋‹ค.
0
Diazepam, sold under the brand name Valium among others, is a medicine of the benzodiazepine family that acts as an anxiolytic. It is used to treat a range of conditions, including anxiety, seizures, alcohol withdrawal syndrome, muscle spasms, insomnia, and restless legs syndrome. It may also be used to cause memory loss during certain medical procedures. It can be taken orally (by mouth), as a suppository inserted into the rectum, intramuscularly (injected into muscle), intravenously (injection into a vein) or used as a nasal spray. When injected intravenously, effects begin in one to five minutes and last up to an hour. When taken by mouth, effects begin after 15 to 60 minutes. Common side effects include sleepiness and trouble with coordination. Serious side effects are rare. They include increased risk of suicide, decreased breathing, and an increased risk of seizures if used too frequently in those with epilepsy. Occasionally, excitement or agitation may occur. Long-term use can result in tolerance, dependence, and withdrawal symptoms on dose reduction. Abrupt stopping after long-term use can be potentially dangerous. After stopping, cognitive problems may persist for six months or longer. It is not recommended during pregnancy or breastfeeding. Its mechanism of action works by increasing the effect of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Diazepam was patented in 1959 by Hoffmann-La Roche. It has been one of the most frequently prescribed medications in the world since its launch in 1963. In the United States it was the best-selling medication between 1968 and 1982, selling more than 2 billion tablets in 1978 alone. In 2022, it was the 169th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 3 million prescriptions. In 1985, the patent ended, and there are more than 500 brands available on the market. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.
ํด๋กœํŒŒ์ง€๋ฏผ(Clofazimine, ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ๋ช…: Lamprene)์€ ๋‚˜๋ณ‘์„ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฆฌํŒœํ”ผ์‹ ๊ณผ ๋Œ‘์†๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ๋‹ค์„ธ๊ท ์„ฑ(MB) ๋‚˜๋ณ‘๊ณผ ๋‚˜์„ฑ๊ฒฐ์ ˆํ™๋ฐ˜์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ํด๋กœํŒŒ์ง€๋ฏผ์€ ํฌ๊ท€์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋˜์–ด ์•ฝ๊ตญ์—์„œ ๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค.
0
Topaquinone is a non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a 2-hydroxy-1,4-benzoquinon-5-yl group. It is a non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid and a member of monohydroxy-1,4-benzoquinones. It is a tautomer of a topaquinone zwitterion.
๊ฒŒํ”ผํ‹ฐ๋‹™(์˜์–ด: gefitinib) ๋˜๋Š” ์ƒํ’ˆ๋ช… ์ด๋ ˆ์‚ฌ(Iressa)๋Š” ์œ ๋ฐฉ์•”, ํ์•”, ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์•”์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ์—๋ฅผ๋กœํ‹ฐ๋‹™์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋Œ€์ƒ ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์ƒํ”ผ ์„ฑ์žฅ์ธ์ž ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด(EFGR)์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์ „๋‹ฌ์„ ์ฐจ๋‹จํ•œ๋‹ค. WHO ํ•„์ˆ˜ ์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ ๋ชฉ๋ก์— ๋“ฑ์žฌ๋œ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค.
0
Ziprasidone, sold under the brand name Geodon among others, is an atypical antipsychotic used to treat schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. It may be used by mouth and by injection into a muscle (IM). The IM form may be used for acute agitation in people with schizophrenia. Common side effects include tremors, tics, dizziness, dry mouth, restlessness, nausea, and mild sedation. Although it can also cause weight gain, the risk is much lower than for other atypical antipsychotics. How it works is not entirely clear but is believed to involve effects on serotonin and dopamine in the brain. Ziprasidone was approved for medical use in the United States in 2001. The pills are made up of the hydrochloride salt, ziprasidone hydrochloride. The intramuscular form is the mesylate, ziprasidone mesylate trihydrate, and is provided as a lyophilized powder. In 2020, it was the 282nd most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 1 million prescriptions.
ํ‹ฐ๋กœ์‹ (์˜์–ด: tyrosine, ๊ธฐํ˜ธ: Tyr or Y)๋Š” ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์˜ ์ƒํ•ฉ์„ฑ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ฮฑ-์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‚ฐ์ด๋‹ค. 4-ํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋ก์‹œํŽ˜๋‹์•Œ๋ผ๋‹Œ(์˜์–ด: 4-hydroxyphenylalanine)์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ‹ฐ๋กœ์‹ ์€ ฮฑ-์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ๊ธฐ(์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ์–‘์„ฑ์žํ™”๋œ โˆ’NH3+ ํ˜•ํƒœ), ฮฑ-์นด๋ณต์‹ค๊ธฐ(์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ํƒˆ์–‘์„ฑ์žํ™”๋œ โˆ’COOโˆ’ ํ˜•ํƒœ) ๋ฐ ๊ณ์‚ฌ์Šฌ์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋ก์‹œ๋ฒค์งˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ‹ฐ๋กœ์‹ ์€ ๊ทน์„ฑ์˜ ๊ณ์‚ฌ์Šฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋น„ํ•„์ˆ˜ ์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‚ฐ์ด๋‹ค. "ํ‹ฐ๋กœ์‹ "์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์šฉ์–ด๋Š” 1846๋…„์— ๋…์ผ์˜ ํ™”ํ•™์ž ์œ ์Šคํˆฌ์Šค ํฐ ๋ฆฌ๋น„ํžˆ๊ฐ€ ์น˜์ฆˆ์˜ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์ธ ์นด์ œ์ธ์—์„œ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  "์น˜์ฆˆ"๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค์–ด "tyrรณs"์—์„œ ์œ ๋ž˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ‹ฐ๋กœ์‹ ์ด ์ž‘์šฉ๊ธฐ๋‚˜ ๊ณ์‚ฌ์Šฌ๋กœ ์ง€์นญ๋  ๋•Œ๋Š” ํ‹ฐ๋กœ์‹ค(์˜์–ด: tyrosyl)์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฐ๋‹ค. ํ‹ฐ๋กœ์‹ ์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์†Œ์ˆ˜์„ฑ ์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‚ฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋˜์ง€๋งŒ, ํŽ˜๋‹์•Œ๋ผ๋‹Œ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์นœ์ˆ˜์„ฑ์ด๋‹ค. ํ‹ฐ๋กœ์‹ ์€ UAC, UAU ์ฝ”๋ˆ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์•”ํ˜ธํ™”๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.
0
Nafamostat mesylate (INN), a synthetic serine protease inhibitor, is a short-acting anticoagulant, and it is also used for the treatment of pancreatitis. It also has some potential antiviral and anti-cancer properties. Nafamostat is a fast-acting proteolytic inhibitor and used during hemodialysis to prevent the proteolysis of fibrinogen into fibrin. The mechanism of action of nafamostat is as a slow tight-binding substrate, trapping the target protein in the acyl-enzyme intermediate form, resulting in apparent observed inhibition. It inhibits a large number of Lys/Arg specific serine proteinases, and is also a tryptase inhibitor, which is implicated in leaking blood vessels which is symptomatic of dengue hemorrhagic fever and of end-stage dengue shock syndrome. It is available in a generic form already used for the treatment of certain bleeding complications in some countries, there are risks of severe complications such as: agranulocytosis, hyperkalemia, and anaphylaxis which must be weighed in non-emergency care. In some countries, it used as a treatment for pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. This drug has been identified as a potential therapy for COVID-19, with clinical trials in Japan possibly set to begin in March 2020. With evidence that nafamostat is a potent anti-viral inhibitor in lung cells, a second round of clinical trials in Korea has begun with 10 hospitals participating. Multiple Phase 2/3 and Phase 3 clinical trials for COVID-19 in different countries are ongoing.
์นด๋ฒ ๋”œ๋กค ๋˜๋Š” ์นด๋ฅด๋ฒ ๋”œ๋กค(carvedilol)์€ ๊ณ ํ˜ˆ์••, ์šธํ˜ˆ์„ฑ ์‹ฌ๋ถ€์ „, ์ขŒ์‹ฌ์‹ค๋ถ€์ „ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ณ ํ˜ˆ์••์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ณดํ†ต ์ด์ฐจ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ œ๋กœ ์ด์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ๊ตฌ๋กœ ํˆฌ์—ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฝ”๋ ˆ๊ทธ(Coreg) ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ƒํ’ˆ๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋งค๋œ๋‹ค. ํ”ํ•œ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์—๋Š” ์–ด์ง€๋Ÿผ์ฆ, ํ”ผ๋กœ๊ฐ, ๊ด€์ ˆํ†ต, ์ €ํ˜ˆ์••, ๊ตฌ์—ญ์งˆ, ํ˜ธํก๊ณค๋ž€ ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ง€๊ฒฝ๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ž„์‹ ์ด๋‚˜ ์ˆ˜์œ  ๋„์ค‘ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด๋„ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ์ง€๋Š” ๋ถˆ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๊ฐ„์งˆํ™˜์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด ๊ถŒ๊ณ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ์นด๋ฒ ๋”œ๋กค์€ ๋น„์„ ํƒ์  ๋ฒ ํƒ€ ์ฐจ๋‹จ์ œ์ด๋ฉฐ ๋™์‹œ์— ์•ŒํŒŒ1 ์ฐจ๋‹จ์ œ์ด๋‹ค. ์น˜๋ฃŒ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ „์ด ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์œผ๋‚˜ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€ํ™•์žฅ์ด ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์ง„๋‹ค. ์นด๋ฒ ๋”œ๋กค์€ 1978๋…„ ํŠนํ—ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  1995๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์˜ํ•™์  ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ์Šน์ธ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค. WHO ํ•„์ˆ˜ ์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ ๋ชฉ๋ก์— ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณต์ œ์•ฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. 2020๋…„ ํ•œ ํ•ด ๊ธฐ์ค€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” 2,300๋งŒ ๊ฑด ์ด์ƒ ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ๋˜์–ด 26๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ๋งŽ์ด ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ๋œ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋ก๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
0
Biotin (also known as vitamin B7 or vitamin H) is one of the B vitamins. It is involved in a wide range of metabolic processes, both in humans and in other organisms, primarily related to the utilization of fats, carbohydrates, and amino acids. The name biotin, borrowed from the German Biotin, derives from the Ancient Greek word ฮฒฮฏฮฟฯ„ฮฟฯ‚ (bรญotos; 'life') and the suffix "-in" (a suffix used in chemistry usually to indicate 'forming'). Biotin appears as a white, needle-like crystalline solid.
์‹œํด๋กœํ—ฅ์„ผ(Cyclohexene) ๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ดํด๋กœํ—ฅ์„ผ์€ ํ™”ํ•™์‹ C6H10์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ํƒ„ํ™”์ˆ˜์†Œ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํด๋กœ์•Œ์ผ„์€ ๋‚ ์นด๋กœ์šด ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฌด์ƒ‰ ์•ก์ฒด์ด๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‚ฐ์—… ๊ณต์ •์˜ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์ฒด์ด๋‹ค. ์‹œํด๋กœํ—ฅ์„ผ์€ ๊ณผ์‚ฐํ™”๋ฌผ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋น›๊ณผ ๊ณต๊ธฐ์— ๋…ธ์ถœ๋˜์–ด ์žฅ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋ณด๊ด€ํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ทธ๋‹ค์ง€ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค.
0
Caffeine is a natural product found in Camellia sinensis, Claviceps sorghicola, and other organisms with data available.
๋ฉ”ํƒ„์•Œ(methanal)์€ ์ž๊ทน์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๋ฅผ ๋ค ๊ธฐ์ฒด์ƒ์˜ ํ™”ํ•™๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด๋‹ค. ์œ ๊ธฐํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์˜ ์ผ์ข…์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์•Œ๋ฐํžˆ๋“œ์ด๋‹ค. ํฌ๋ฆ„์•Œ๋ฐํ•˜์ด๋“œ(์˜์–ด: formaldehyde ํผ์•Œ๋ฐํ•˜์ด๋“œ[*] /fษ”หrmหˆรฆdษ™hหŒaid/) ๋˜๋Š” ํฌ๋ฆ„์•Œ๋ฐํžˆ๋“œ(๋…์ผ์–ด: formaldehyd)๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
0
Ribavirin is a 1-ribosyltriazole that is the 1-ribofuranosyl derivative of 1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide. A synthetic guanosine analogue, it is an inhibitor of HCV polymerase and possesses a broad spectrum of activity against DNA and RNA viruses. It has a role as an antimetabolite, an antiviral agent, an antiinfective agent, an EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor and an anticoronaviral agent. It is a 1-ribosyltriazole, an aromatic amide, a monocarboxylic acid amide and a primary carboxamide. It is functionally related to a 1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide.
์•„์„ธํŠธ์‚ฐ ํ”„๋กœํ•„ (propyl acetate, prophy ethanoate)์€ ์œ ๊ธฐ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๋‹ค. ์šฉ๋งค๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋งค๋…„ ์•ฝ 20,000ํ†ค์ด ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ฌด์ƒ‰ ์•ก์ฒด๋Š” ๊ณผ์ผ์ธ ๋ฐฐ ํŠน์œ ์˜ ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ–ฅ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ํ–ฅ๋ฏธ ์ฒจ๊ฐ€์ œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ์•„์„ธํŠธ์‚ฐ ํ”„๋กœํ•„์€ ์ข…์ข… ํ”ผ์…”-์ŠˆํŒŒ์ด์–ด ์—์Šคํ…Œ๋ฅดํ™” (Fischer-Speier esterification)๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์•„์„ธํŠธ์‚ฐ๊ณผ 1-ํ”„๋กœํŒ์˜ฌ์˜ ์—์Šคํ…Œ๋ฅดํ™”์— ์˜ํ•ด ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด‰๋งค๋กœ๋Š” ํ™ฉ์‚ฐ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์ด ๋ถ€์‚ฐ๋ฌผ๋กœ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค.
0
Piperidine is a natural product found in Cannabis sativa, Euglena gracilis, and other organisms with data available.
์ŠคํŠธ๋ ™ํ† ๋งˆ์ด์‹ (Streptomycin)์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ์ด๋‹ค. ์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ๊ธ€๋ฆฌ์ฝ”์‚ฌ์ด๋“œ(aminoglycoside)๋กœ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•ฝ๋ฌผ๊ตฐ ์ค‘ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฒฐํ•ต์˜ 1์ฐจ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ œ์ด๋‹ค. ํ† ์–‘๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ธ ๋ฐฉ์„ ๊ท (actinobacterium,Actinomyces, ๆ”พ็ทš่Œ)์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ™ํ† ๋ฏธ์„ธ์Šค์†(Streptomyces griseus)์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„๋‹ค. ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ™ํ† ๋งˆ์ด์‹ ์€ ์‚ด๊ท ์„ฑ ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ์ด๋‹ค. ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ™ํ† ๋งˆ์ด์‹ ์€ ๊ฒฝ๊ตฌ๋กœ ํˆฌ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ •๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ๊ทผ์œก ์ฃผ์‚ฌ๋กœ ํˆฌ์—ฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋…์„ฑ(ototoxicity)์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ท€์— ์†์ƒ์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
0
Agmatine is a primary amino compound and a member of guanidines. It has a role as an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a conjugate base of an agmatinium(2+).
๋””์—ํ‹ธ์นด๋ฅด๋ฐ”๋งˆ์ง„์€ ๋ฆผํ”„ ์‚ฌ์ƒ์ถฉ์ฆ, ์—ด๋Œ€์„ฑ ํ ํ˜ธ์‚ฐ๊ตฌ์ฆ๊ฐ€์ฆ ๋ฐ ๋กœ์•„์ฆ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์‚ฌ์ƒ์ถฉ์ฆ์˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ๋†’์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๋กœ์ด์•„์‹œ์Šค ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์—๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์ƒ์ถฉ์ฆ(๊ฐ•๋ณ€ ์‹ค๋ช…์ฆ)์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋ฒ„๋ฉ•ํ‹ด์ด ์„ ํ˜ธ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ๊ฐ• ํˆฌ์—ฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณต์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋ ค์›€์ฆ, ์•ˆ๋ฉด ๋ถ€์ข…, ๋‘ํ†ต, ํ”ผ๋กœ๊ฐ ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์‹œ๋ ฅ ์ƒ์‹ค๊ณผ ํ˜„๊ธฐ์ฆ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ž„์‹  ์ค‘์— ๊ถŒ์žฅ๋˜๋Š” ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ•์ด๋ฉฐ ์•„๊ธฐ์—๊ฒŒ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ž„์‹  ํ›„๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ฌผ์งˆ์€ 4-๋ฉ”ํ‹ธ-ํ”ผํŽ˜๋ผ์ง„์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„๋‹ค. ๋””์—ํ‹ธ์นด๋ฅด๋ฐ”๋งˆ์ง„์€ ์˜๋ผํ”„๋ผ๊ฐ€๋‹ค ์„œ๋ธŒ๋ฐ”๋กœ์šฐ(Yellapragada Subbarow)์— ์˜ํ•ด 1947๋…„์— ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ณด๊ฑด๊ธฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์ˆ˜ ์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ ๋ชฉ๋ก์— ๋‚˜์—ด๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹œ์ค‘์—์„œ ๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์ง€๋งŒ ์งˆ๋ณ‘ ํ†ต์ œ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ ์„ผํ„ฐ์—์„œ ๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
0
Carbamazepine is a dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine carrying a carbamoyl substituent at the azepine nitrogen, used as an anticonvulsant. It has a role as an anticonvulsant, an EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor, a mitogen, a glutamate transporter activator, an antimanic drug, an analgesic, a non-narcotic analgesic, an environmental contaminant, a xenobiotic, a drug allergen and a sodium channel blocker. It is a dibenzoazepine and a member of ureas.
์นด๋ฅด๋ฐ”๋งˆ์ œํ•€(Carbamazepine)์€ ๋‡Œ์ „์ฆ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ œ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ, 3์ฐจ ์‹ ๊ฒฝํ†ต์„ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ์กฐ์šธ์ฆ, ์กฐํ˜„๋ณ‘์„ ๋™๋ฐ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ํ™˜์ž์˜ ๋ฐœ์ž‘์„ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์œ ์šฉํ•˜๋‹ค. 1963๋…„ ํƒœ๊ทธ๋ ˆํ†จ(Tegretol)์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ œํ’ˆ๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ์Šค์œ„์Šค์—์„œ ์ฒ˜์Œ ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , CNS ์ „๋ฌธ ์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ ์ œ์กฐ ์—…์ฒด์ธ ๋ช…์ธ์ œ์•ฝ์˜ '์นด๋งˆ์ œํ•€CR์ •'์„ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ, ํ™˜์ธ์ œ์•ฝ์˜ '์—ํ•„๋ ™ํ†จCR์ •', ๋ถ€๊ด‘์•ฝํ’ˆ์˜ 'ํ‹ฐ๋ชจ๋‹์„œ๋ฐฉ์ •'์œผ๋กœ ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
1
Acetone is a methyl ketone that consists of propane bearing an oxo group at C2. It has a role as a polar aprotic solvent, a human metabolite and an EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor. It is a methyl ketone, a ketone body, a volatile organic compound and a member of propanones.
ํ‹ฐ๋ฏผ(์˜์–ด: thymine, T)์€ ๋””์˜ฅ์‹œ๋ฆฌ๋ณดํ•ต์‚ฐ(DNA)์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜๋Š” 4๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ•ต์—ผ๊ธฐ๋“ค ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ํ•ต์—ผ๊ธฐ๋“ค์€ ์•„๋ฐ๋‹Œ(A), ๊ตฌ์•„๋‹Œ(G), ์‚ฌ์ดํ† ์‹ (C)์ด๋‹ค. ํ‹ฐ๋ฏผ์€ ํ”ผ๋ฆฌ๋ฏธ๋”˜ ํ•ต์—ผ๊ธฐ๋กœ 5-๋ฉ”ํ‹ธ์œ ๋ผ์‹ค๋กœ๋„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค. RNA์—์„œ ํ‹ฐ๋ฏผ์€ ์œ ๋ผ์‹ค๋กœ ๋Œ€์ฒด๋œ๋‹ค. ํ‹ฐ๋ฏผ์€ 1893๋…„ ์•Œ๋ธŒ๋ ˆํžˆํŠธ ์ฝ”์…€๊ณผ ์•Œ๋ฒ ๋ฅดํŠธ ๋…ธ์ด๋งŒ(Albert Neumann)์— ์˜ํ•ด ์†ก์•„์ง€์˜ ๊ฐ€์Šด์ƒ˜(ํ‰์„ , thymus)์—์„œ ์ตœ์ดˆ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋˜์–ด์„œ, ๊ทธ ์ด๋ฆ„์ด ๋ถ™์—ฌ์กŒ๋‹ค.
0
Loperamide, sold under the brand name Imodium, among others, is a medication of the opioid receptor agonist class used to decrease the frequency of diarrhea. It is often used for this purpose in irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, short bowel syndrome Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. It is not recommended for those with blood in the stool, mucus in the stool, or fevers. The medication is taken by mouth. Common side effects include abdominal pain, constipation, sleepiness, vomiting, and a dry mouth. It may increase the risk of toxic megacolon. Loperamide's safety in pregnancy is unclear, but no evidence of harm has been found. It appears to be safe in breastfeeding. It is an opioid with no significant absorption from the gut and does not cross the bloodโ€“brain barrier when used at normal doses. It works by slowing the contractions of the intestines. Loperamide was first made in 1969 and used medically in 1976. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. Loperamide is available as a generic medication. In 2021, it was the 287th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 700,000 prescriptions.
์˜จ๋‹จ์„ธํŠธ๋ก (Ondansetron, ์ œํ’ˆ๋ช…: Zofran)์€ ์•” ํ™”ํ•™์š”๋ฒ•, ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„  ์น˜๋ฃŒ, ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์—ญ์งˆ, ๊ตฌํ† ๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ์žฅ์—ผ์—๋„ ์œ ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฉ€๋ฏธ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ตฌํ† ์—๋Š” ๊ทธ๋‹ค์ง€ ํšจ๋ ฅ์ด ์—†๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•, ๊ทผ์œก ์ฃผ์‚ฌ, ์ˆ˜์•ก์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ์˜จ๋‹จ์„ธํŠธ๋ก ์€ 1990๋…„์— ์˜ํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฒ˜์Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๋ฃŒ์ œ๋„์— ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ธ, ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์ด ๊ธฐ์žฌ๋œ WHO ํ•„์ˆ˜ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ ๋ชฉ๋ก์— ๋“ฑ์žฌ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ๋„ค๋ฆญ ์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋งค๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค.
0
Ectoine is a natural product found in Streptomyces nodosus, Methylophaga thalassica, and other organisms with data available.
๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ, ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ์‡ , ๋™(้Š…โ†์ผ๋ณธ์–ด: ้Š… ๋„์šฐ[*]) ๋˜๋Š” ์ ๊ธˆ(่ตค้‡‘)(์˜์–ด: copper ์นดํผ[*])์€ ํ™”ํ•™ ์›์†Œ๋กœ ๊ธฐํ˜ธ๋Š” Cu(โ†๋ผํ‹ด์–ด: cuprum ์ฟ ํ”„๋ฃธ[*]), ์›์ž ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ๋Š” 29์ด๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์šด ๊ธˆ์†์œผ๋กœ ์—ด ์ „๋„์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ „๊ธฐ ์ „๋„์„ฑ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋†’๋‹ค. ๊ณต๊ธฐ์— ์ ‘์ด‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „ ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์€ ๋ถ„ํ™๋น›์„ ๋ ๋Š” ์ฃผํ™ฉ๋น›์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ด์ด๋‚˜ ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋งค๊ฐœ์ฒด๋กœ์„œ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ ์™ธ์—๋„ ๊ฑด์ถ• ์ž์žฌ๋‚˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ•ฉ๊ธˆ์˜ ์›๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋น„๊ต์  ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ฑ์ด ๋‚ฎ์•„ ์ž์—ฐ์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธˆ์† ์›์†Œ ์ค‘ ์ œ๋ จ ์—†์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ํ”์น˜ ์•Š์€ ๊ธˆ์† ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์„ฑ์งˆ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์›์ „ 8์„ธ๊ธฐ๊ฒฝ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ธ๋ฅ˜์— ์˜ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ธฐ์›์ „ 3์„ธ๊ธฐ๊ฒฝ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฃผ์„๊ณผ์˜ ํ•ฉ๊ธˆ์ธ ์ฒญ๋™์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์ฒญ๋™๊ธฐ ์‹œ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์—ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ œ์กฐ์—… ์ „๋ฐ˜์— ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ, ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์„ ๋•Œ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์š”๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์•„์ ธ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€๊ณ , ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์  ๋•Œ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์š”๊ฐ€ ์ ์–ด์ ธ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ€๋Š” ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์‹ค๋ฌผ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ, ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ฅํ„ฐ ์ฝ”ํผ(Dr. Copper)๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ๋ถ€๋ฅธ๋‹ค.
0
Ibotenic acid or (S)-2-amino-2-(3-hydroxyisoxazol-5-yl)acetic acid, also referred to as ibotenate, is a chemical compound and psychoactive drug which occurs naturally in Amanita muscaria and related species of mushrooms typically found in the temperate and boreal regions of the northern hemisphere. It is a prodrug of muscimol, broken down by the liver to that much more stable compound. It is a conformationally-restricted analogue of the neurotransmitter glutamate, and due to its structural similarity to this neurotransmitter, acts as a non-selective glutamate receptor agonist. Because of this, ibotenic acid can be a powerful neurotoxin in high doses, and is employed as a "brain-lesioning agent" through cranial injections in scientific research. The neurotoxic effects appear to be dose-related and risks are unclear through consumption of ibotenic-acid containing fungi, although thought to be negligible in small doses.
์ง„์ €๋ก (Zingerone, vanillylacetone)์€ ์ƒ๊ฐ•์˜ ์ฃผ๋œ ๋ง› ์„ฑ๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ, ์กฐ๋ฆฌ๋œ ์ƒ๊ฐ•์˜ ๋‹ฌ์ฝคํ•œ ๋ง›์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ง„์ €๋ก ์€ ๋ฌผ์—๋Š” ์ธ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋…น๋Š” ํŽธ์ด๋ฉฐ ์—ํ…Œ๋ฅด์—๋Š” ์ž˜ ๋…น๋Š” ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ˜• ๊ณ ์ฒด์ด๋‹ค. ์ง„์ €๋ก ์€ ๋ฐ”๋‹๋ฆฐ๊ณผ ์œ ์ œ๋†€ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ง› ํ™”ํ•™ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ™”ํ•™ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ํŽธ์ด๋‹ค. ์ŠคํŒŒ์ด์Šค ์˜ค์ผ์˜ ํ–ฅ ์ฒจ๊ฐ€๋ฌผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ์‹ ์„ ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ฐ•์€ ์ง„์ €๋ก ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋‚˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ• ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์กฐ๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ง๋ฆด ๋•Œ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋˜๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Š” ์ง„์ €๋กค์— ์•Œ๋Œ๋ ˆ์ด์Šค๋ฅผ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•œ๋‹ค.
0
Vincristine is a vinca alkaloid with formula C46H56N4O10 found in the Madagascar periwinkle, Catharanthus roseus. It is used (commonly as the corresponding sulfate salt)as a chemotherapy drug for the treatment of leukaemia, lymphoma, myeloma, breast cancer and head and neck cancer. It has a role as a tubulin modulator, a microtubule-destabilising agent, a plant metabolite, an antineoplastic agent and a drug. It is a methyl ester, an acetate ester, a tertiary alcohol, a member of formamides, an organic heteropentacyclic compound, an organic heterotetracyclic compound, a tertiary amino compound and a vinca alkaloid. It is a conjugate base of a vincristine(2+). It derives from a hydride of a vincaleukoblastine.
ํ“จ๋ž€(์˜์–ด: furan)์€ 4๊ฐœ์˜ ํƒ„์†Œ ์›์ž์™€ 1๊ฐœ์˜ ์‚ฐ์†Œ ์›์ž๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ 5์›์ž ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์กฑ ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ํ—คํ…Œ๋กœ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ ์œ ๊ธฐ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ๋“ค์„ ํ“จ๋ž€์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ“จ๋ž€์€ ๋“๋Š”์ ์ด ์‹ค์˜จ์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๋ฌด์ƒ‰์˜ ๊ฐ€์—ฐ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๊ณ ํœ˜๋ฐœ์„ฑ์˜ ํœ˜๋ฐœ์„ฑ ์•ก์ฒด์ด๋‹ค. ํ“จ๋ž€์€ ์•Œ์ฝ”์˜ฌ, ์—ํ„ฐ ๋ฐ ์•„์„ธํ†ค์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์œ ๊ธฐ ์šฉ๋งค์— ์šฉํ•ด๋˜์–ด, ๋ฌผ์— ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ์šฉํ•ด๋œ๋‹ค. ํ“จ๋ž€์€ ์—ํ„ฐ์™€ ํด๋กœ๋กœํฌ๋ฆ„๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๊ฐ€ ๋‚œ๋‹ค. ํ“จ๋ž€์€ ๋…์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์•”๋ฌผ์งˆ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ“จ๋ž€์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํŠน์ˆ˜ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ๋“ค์˜ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ถœ๋ฐœ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค.
0
Cefotetan is a semi-synthetic second-generation cephamycin antibiotic with [(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)sulfanyl]methyl, methoxy and {[4-(2-amino-1-carboxy-2-oxoethylidene)-1,3-dithietan-2-yl]carbonyl}amino groups at the 3, 7alpha, and 7beta positions, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is resistant to a wide range of beta-lactamases and is active against a broad spectrum of aerobic and anaerobic Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms. It has a role as an antibacterial drug. It is a conjugate acid of a cefotetan(2-).
๋””ํด๋ก์‚ฌ์‹ค๋ฆฐ(Dicloxacillin)์€ ๋ฒ ํƒ€-๋ฝํƒ ๊ณ„์—ด ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ, ๊ทธ์ค‘์—์„œ๋„ ํŽ˜๋‹ˆ์‹ค๋ฆฐ ๊ณ„์—ด์— ์†ํ•˜๋Š” ์ข์€๋ฒ”์œ„ ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฐ์ˆ˜์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋žŒ ์–‘์„ฑ๊ท  ์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๋‹ค์ˆ˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํŽ˜๋‹ˆ์‹ค๋ฆฐ์— ๋‚ด์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ํ™ฉ์ƒ‰ํฌ๋„์ƒ๊ตฌ๊ท  ๋“ฑ, ๋ฒ ํƒ€-๋ฝํƒ€๋ฉ”์ด์Šค๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์„ธ๊ท ์— ํ™œ์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ๋””ํด๋กœ์‹ค(Diclocil, BMS) ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ƒํ’ˆ๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ์‹œํŒ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํ—ˆ ์ถœ์›์€ 1961๋…„, ์˜ํ•™์šฉ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์Šน์ธ์€ 1968๋…„์— ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค. ๋ณต์ œ์•ฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค.
0
Doxorubicin, sold under the brand name Adriamycin among others, is a chemotherapy medication used to treat cancer. This includes breast cancer, bladder cancer, Kaposi's sarcoma, lymphoma, and acute lymphocytic leukemia. It is often used together with other chemotherapy agents. Doxorubicin is given by injection into a vein. Common side effects include hair loss, bone marrow suppression, vomiting, rash, and inflammation of the mouth. Other serious side effects may include allergic reactions such as anaphylaxis, heart damage, tissue damage at the site of injection, radiation recall, and treatment-related leukemia. People often experience red discoloration of the urine for a few days. Doxorubicin is in the anthracycline and antitumor antibiotic family of medications. It works in part by interfering with the function of DNA. Doxorubicin was approved for medical use in the United States in 1974. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. Versions that are pegylated and in liposomes are also available; however, they are more expensive. Doxorubicin was originally made from the bacterium Streptomyces peucetius.
ํ‹ฐ์˜คํŽœ(Thiophene, ์‹ธ์ด์˜คํŽœ)์€ ๋น„๋Œ€์นญ ์น˜ํ™˜๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์กฑ ์œ ๊ธฐ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ๋กœ์„œ C4H4S์˜ ๋ถ„์ž์‹์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์˜ค๊ฐํ˜• ๋ชจ์–‘์˜ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ํ“จ๋ž€์˜ ์‚ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ํ™ฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ฉด ๋œ๋‹ค. ์‹ธ์ด์˜คํ“จ๋ž€(Thiofuran)์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
0
Chlorodifluoromethane is a hydrochlorofluorocarbon.
์—ผํ™”์ดํ”Œ๋ฃจ์˜ค๋ฅดํ™”๋ฉ”ํ…Œ์ธ์€ ์—ผํ™” ํ”Œ๋ฃจ์˜ค๋ฆฐํ™” ํƒ„์†Œ์— ์†ํ•˜๋Š” ํ™”ํ•™ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋กœ, ํ™”ํ•™์‹์€ CHClF2์ด๋‹ค. ํ”ํžˆ ์—์–ด์ปจ์˜ ๋ƒ‰๋งค๋‚˜ ์ถ”์ง„์ œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. R-22๋ผ๋Š” ์ด๋ฆ„์œผ๋กœ ๋งŽ์ด ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ˜„์žฌ๋Š” R-22๊ฐ€ ์˜ค์กด์ธต์„ ํŒŒ๊ดดํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง€๊ตฌ ์˜จ๋‚œํ™”๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผ์ผœ(์ง€๊ตฌ ์˜จ๋‚œํ™” ์ง€์ˆ˜์ธ GWP๊ฐ€ 1700์ด๋‹ค) ๋ชฌํŠธ๋ฆฌ์˜ฌ ์˜์ •์„œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์„ ์ง„๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด ์ค‘๋‹จ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” 2030๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด ์ค‘์ง€๋  ์˜ˆ์ •์ด๋‹ค. R-22 ๋Œ€์‹  ๋” ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ ์ธ R-410a ๋ƒ‰๋งค๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ถ”์„ธ์ด๋‹ค.
1
Calcium nitrate are inorganic compounds with the formula Ca(NO3)2(H2O)x. The anhydrous compound, which is rarely encountered, absorbs moisture from the air to give the tetrahydrate. Both anhydrous and hydrated forms are colourless salts. Hydrated calcium nitrate, also called Norgessalpeter (Norwegian salpeter), is mainly used as a component in fertilizers, but it has other applications. Nitrocalcite is the name for a mineral which is a hydrated calcium nitrate that forms as an efflorescence where manure contacts concrete or limestone in a dry environment as in stables or caverns. A variety of related salts are known including calcium ammonium nitrate decahydrate and calcium potassium nitrate decahydrate.
์งˆ์‚ฐ ์นผ์Š˜(Calcium nitrate) ๋˜๋Š” ์งˆ์‚ฐ ์„ํšŒ๋Š” ํ™”ํ•™์‹ Ca(NO3)2(H2O)x์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๋ฌด๊ธฐ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฌด์ˆ˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ์™€ ํ•จ์ˆ˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด ๋‘˜ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ฌด์ƒ‰์˜ ์—ผ์ด๋‹ค. ์งˆ์‚ฐ ์นผ๋ฅจ์€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋น„๋ฃŒ์˜ ํ•œ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ ์˜ค์ˆ˜ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค.
1
Paroxetine is a benzodioxole that consists of piperidine bearing 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yloxy)methyl and 4-fluorophenyl substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively; the (3S,4R)-diastereomer. Highly potent and selective 5-HT uptake inhibitor that binds with high affinity to the serotonin transporter (Ki = 0.05 nM). Ki values are 1.1, 350 and 1100 nM for inhibition of [3H]-5-HT, [3H]-l-NA and [3H]-DA uptake respectively. Displays minimal affinity for alpha1-, alpha2- or beta-adrenoceptors, 5-HT2A, 5-HT1A, D2 or H1 receptors at concentrations below 1000 nM, however displays weak affinity for muscarinic ACh receptors (Ki = 42 nM). Antidepressant and anxiolytic in vivo. It has a role as an antidepressant, an anxiolytic drug, a serotonin uptake inhibitor, a hepatotoxic agent and a P450 inhibitor. It is a member of piperidines, a member of benzodioxoles, an organofluorine compound and an aromatic ether. It is functionally related to a monofluorobenzene. It is a conjugate base of a paroxetinium(1+).
์ผ€ํ† ์ฝ”๋‚˜์กธ(ketoconazole)์€ ๋‹ˆ์กฐ๋ž„(Nizoral) ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ƒํ’ˆ๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋งค๋˜๋Š” ์•ฝ๋ฌผ๋กœ, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ง„๊ท  ๊ฐ์—ผ์˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ํ•ญ์•ˆ๋“œ๋กœ๊ฒ, ํ•ญ์ง„๊ท , ํ•ญ๊ธ€๋ฃจ์ฝ”์ฝ”๋ฅดํ‹ฐ์ฝ”์ด๋“œ ์•ฝ์ œ์ด๋‹ค. ํ”ผ๋ถ€์— ๋„ํฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ œํ˜•์€ ๋ฐฑ์„ , ํ”ผ๋ถ€ ์นธ๋””๋‹ค์ฆ, ์–ด๋ฃจ๋Ÿฌ๊ธฐ, ๋น„๋“ฌ, ์ง€๋ฃจ์„ฑ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์—ผ ๋“ฑ ๊ฐ์ข… ์ง„๊ท ์˜ ํ”ผ๋ถ€ ๊ฐ์—ผ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ๊ตฌ์šฉ ์•ฝ์ œ๋Š” ๋œ ์„ ํ˜ธ๋˜๋Š” ์น˜๋ฃŒ ์„ ํƒ์ง€๋กœ, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์•ฝ์ œ๋ฅผ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ์ •๋„๋กœ ์‹ฌํ•œ ๊ฐ์—ผ์—๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ๊ถŒ๊ณ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์™ธ์—๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ์—์„œ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋งŽ์ด ํ„ธ์ด ์ž๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ชจ์ฆ์ด๋‚˜, ์ฟ ์‹ฑ ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ์“ฐ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ”ํ•œ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ํ”ผ๋ถ€ ๋„ํฌ ์‹œ์—๋Š” ๋ฐœ์ ์ด ์ƒ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ๊ตฌ ์•ฝ์ œ์˜ ๋น„๊ต์  ํ”ํ•œ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์—๋Š” ๊ตฌ์—ญ์งˆ, ๋‘ํ†ต, ๊ฐ„ ๋ฌธ์ œ ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ„ ์ด์ƒ์€ ์‚ฌ๋ง์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ„ ์ด์‹์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•  ์ •๋„๋กœ ์‹ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค ๊ทธ ์™ธ์— ๊ฒฝ๊ตฌ์šฉ ์•ฝ์ œ์˜ ๋“œ๋ฌผ์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ฌํ•œ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์—๋Š” QT๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ ์—ฐ์žฅ, ๋ถ€์‹ ๊ฒ‰์งˆ๋ถ€์ „, ์•„๋‚˜ํ•„๋ฝ์‹œ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ™”ํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฏธ๋‹ค์กธ ๊ณ„์—ด์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ง„๊ท ์˜ ์„ธํฌ๋ง‰์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ์—๋ฅด๊ณ ์Šคํ…Œ๋กค ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•ด ์ง„๊ท ์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ๋Š๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฒจ๊ธฐ์—์˜ ์–€์„ผ์ œ์•ฝ์—์„œ 1977๋…„ ์ผ€ํ† ์ฝ”๋‚˜์กธ์˜ ํŠนํ—ˆ๋ฅผ ์ถœ์›ํ–ˆ๊ณ , ์˜ํ•™์šฉ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ ๊ฒƒ์€ 1981๋…„์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณต์ œ์•ฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์˜๊ตญ์ด๋‚˜ ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋ฏผ๊ตญ ๋“ฑ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์— ๊ตญ์†Œ ๋„ํฌํ•˜๋Š” ์•ฝ์ œ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋งค ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. 2021๋…„ ํ•œ ํ•ด ๋™์•ˆ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ 300๋งŒ ๊ฑด ์ด์ƒ ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ๋˜์–ด, ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ ํšŸ์ˆ˜ ์ˆœ์œ„ 161์œ„์— ์˜ฌ๋ž๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ๊ตฌ์šฉ ์•ฝ์ œ๋Š” EU์™€ ํ˜ธ์ฃผ์—์„œ 2013๋…„ ์‹œ์žฅ ์ฒ ์ˆ˜ํ–ˆ๊ณ ,, ์ดํ›„ ์ค‘๊ตญ์—์„œ๋„ 2015๋…„ ์ฒ ์ˆ˜ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ 2013๋…„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์—์„œ๋„ 2013๋…„ ๊ฒฝ๊ตฌ ์•ฝ์ œ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ์ œํ•œํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
0
Hydroquinone is a benzenediol comprising benzene core carrying two hydroxy substituents para to each other. It has a role as a cofactor, a carcinogenic agent, an Escherichia coli metabolite, a human xenobiotic metabolite, a skin lightening agent, an antioxidant and a mouse metabolite. It is a benzenediol and a member of hydroquinones.
๋…ธ๋ฅด๋ฉ”ํƒ€๋„คํ”„๋ฆฐ(์˜์–ด: normetanephrine)์€ ๋…ธ๋ฅด์—ํ”ผ๋„คํ”„๋ฆฐ์— ์นดํ…Œ์ฝœ-O-๋ฉ”ํ‹ธํŠธ๋žœ์Šคํผ๋ ˆ์ด์Šค(catechol-O-methyl transferase,COMT)๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ฅด์—ํ”ผ๋„คํ”„๋ฆฐ์˜ ๋ถ„ํ•ด ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ์˜ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ์‚ฐ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ๋…ธ๋ฅด๋ฉ”ํƒ€๋„คํ”„๋ฆฐ์€ ์˜ค์คŒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์„ค๋˜๊ณ , ํŠน์ • ์กฐ์ง์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋…ธ๋ฅด๋ฉ”ํƒ€๋„คํ”„๋ฆฐ์€ ํฌ๋กฌ์นœํ™”์„ธํฌ์ข…๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์นดํ…Œ์ฝœ์•„๋ฏผ ๋ถ„๋น„ ์ข…์–‘์˜ ํ‘œ์ง€์ž์ด๋‹ค.
0
Progesterone is a C21-steroid hormone in which a pregnane skeleton carries oxo substituents at positions 3 and 20 and is unsaturated at C(4)-C(5). As a hormone, it is involved in the female menstrual cycle, pregnancy and embryogenesis of humans and other species. It has a role as a contraceptive drug, a progestin, a progesterone receptor agonist, a human metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a 20-oxo steroid, a 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid and a C21-steroid hormone. It derives from a hydride of a pregnane.
์‹œํ”„๋กœํ”Œ๋ก์‚ฌ์‹ (Ciprofloxacin)์€ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ๋ณ‘๊ท  ๊ฐ์—ผ์„ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋ผˆ ๋ฐ ๊ด€์ ˆ์—ผ, ๋ณต๊ฐ•๋‚ด ์ „์—ผ, ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์žฅ์—ผ, ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ ๊ฐ์—ผ, ํ”ผ๋ถ€ ๊ฐ์—ผ, ์žฅํ‹ฐํ‘ธ์Šค, ์š”๋กœ๊ฐ์—ผ์ฆ ๋“ฑ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ฐ์—ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•ญ์ƒ๋ฌผ์งˆ์— ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•์œผ๋กœ, ์•ˆ์•ฝ์œผ๋กœ, ์ •๋งฅ ์ฃผ์‚ฌ๋กœ ๋ณต์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์—๋Š” ๋ฉ”์Šค๊บผ์›€, ๊ตฌํ† , ์„ค์‚ฌ, ๋ฐœ์ง„์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œํ”„๋กœํ”Œ๋ก์‚ฌ์‹ ์€ ๊ฑดํŒŒ์—ด์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค. ์ค‘์ฆ ๊ทผ๋ฌด๋ ฅ์ฆ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๊ทผ์œก ์•ฝํ™” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์•…ํ™”์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์˜ ๋น„์œจ์€ ์„ธํŒ”๋กœ์Šคํฌ๋ฆฐ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€ ํ•ญ์ƒ๋ฌผ์งˆ ๊ทธ๋ฃน๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋†’์ง€๋งŒ ํด๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๋งˆ์ด์‹  ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง์Šน๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ž„์‹  ์ค‘ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ผ๋ ค๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ธฐ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์„ ๋ณต์šฉํ•œ ์ ์€ ์ˆ˜์˜ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‹๋ณ„๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ๋ชจ์œ  ์ˆ˜์œ  ์ค‘์—๋Š” ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ณดํ†ต์€ ์‚ด๊ท  ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ™œ๋™ 2์„ธ๋Œ€ ํ”Œ๋ฃจ์˜ค๋กœํ€ด๋†€๋ก ์ด๋‹ค. ์‹œํ”„๋กœํ”Œ๋ก์‚ฌ์‹ ์€ 1987๋…„์— ๋„์ž…๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๋ฃŒ์ œ๋„์—์„œ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ ๋ชฉ๋ก์ธ WHO ํ•„์ˆ˜ ์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ ๋ชฉ๋ก์— ๋“ฑ์žฌ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ๋„ค๋ฆญ ์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋งค๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ๋‹ค์ง€ ๋น„์‹ธ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ์˜ ๋„๋งค๊ฐ€๋Š” 1๋„์Šค(dose)์— US$0.03 ~ US$0.13 ์‚ฌ์ด์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” 1๋„์Šค ๋‹น ๋Œ€๋žต US$0.40์— ํŒ๋งค๋œ๋‹ค. 2016๋…„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ 700๋งŒ ๊ฑด ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ๊ณผ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด 102๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ๋งŽ์ด ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ๋ฐ›์€ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.
0
Muscarine is a monosaccharide.
์•”๋กœ๋””ํ•€(Amlodipine)์€ ์ง€์†์„ฑ ์ž‘์šฉ์„ฑ์˜ ์นผ์Š˜ ํ†ต๋กœ ์ฐจ๋‹จ์ œ(๋””ํžˆ๋“œ๋กœํ”ผ๋ฆฌ๋”˜ ๊ณ„์—ด)๋กœ, ๊ณ ํ˜ˆ์••๊ณผ ํ˜‘์‹ฌ์ฆ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ์“ฐ์ธ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋ฏผ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ฐ”์Šคํฌ(Norvasc)์˜ ๋ช…์นญ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์•”๋กœ๋””ํ•€์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์นผ์Š˜ ํ†ต๋กœ ์ฐจ๋‹จ์ œ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋™๋งฅ๋ฒฝ์˜ ํ‰ํ™œ๊ทผ์„ ์ด์™„์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ง์ดˆ์ €ํ•ญ์„ ์ค„์—ฌ ํ˜ˆ์••์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถ˜๋‹ค. ํ˜‘์‹ฌ์ฆ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹ฌ๊ทผ์œผ๋กœ ํ๋ฅด๋Š” ํ˜ˆ๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค.
0
In organic chemistry, chlorins are tetrapyrrole pigments that are partially hydrogenated porphyrins. The parent chlorin is an unstable compound which undergoes air oxidation to porphine. The name chlorin derives from chlorophyll. Chlorophylls are magnesium-containing chlorins and occur as photosynthetic pigments in chloroplasts. The term "chlorin" strictly speaking refers to only compounds with the same ring oxidation state as chlorophyll. Chlorins are excellent photosensitizing agents. Various synthetic chlorins analogues such as m-tetrahydroxyphenylchlorin (mTHPC) and mono-L-aspartyl chlorin e6 are effectively employed in experimental photodynamic therapy as photosensitizer.
๋„๋ฐ์นดํ—ค๋“œ๋ ˆ์ธ(Dodecahedrane, ๋„๋ฐ์นดํ—ค๋“œ๋ž€, ๋ถ„์ž์‹: C20H20)์€ 20๊ฐœ์˜ ํƒ„์†Œ ์›์ž๊ฐ€ ์ •์‹ญ์ด๋ฉด์ฒด์˜ ๊ฐ ๊ผญ์ง“์ ์— ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋˜์–ด ๊ฐ ํƒ„์†Œ ์›์ž์— ์ˆ˜์†Œ ์›์ž 1๊ฐœ์”ฉ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ํƒ„ํ™”์ˆ˜์†Œ ๋ถ„์ž์ด๋‹ค.
0
Ectoine is a carboxamidine heterocycle obtained by formal condensation of (2S)-2,4-diaminobutanoic acid with acetic acid. It has a role as an osmolyte. It is a carboxamidine, a member of 1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidines and a monocarboxylic acid. It is a conjugate acid of an ectoinate. It is a tautomer of an ectoine zwitterion.
์•„์ด์˜ค๋”˜ํ™” ๋ฉ”ํ‹ธ(์˜์–ด: methyl iodide) ๋˜๋Š” ์•„์ด์˜ค๋„๋ฉ”ํ…Œ์ธ(์˜์–ด: iodomethane)์€ ๋ฉ”ํ…Œ์ธ์˜ ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์•„์ด์˜ค๋”˜์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฐ€๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’๊ณ  ๋ฌด์ƒ‰ํˆฌ๋ช…ํ•œ ํœ˜๋ฐœ์„ฑ ์•ก์ฒด๋กœ ํ™”ํ•™์‹์€ CH3I์ด๋‹ค. ์ž์—ฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ์Œ€ ์žฌ๋ฐฐ์‹œ ์†Œ๋Ÿ‰ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋ฐ”๋‹ท์†์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ์ข… ํ•ด์กฐ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๋งค๋…„ 214,000ํ†ค์„ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” 2007๋…„ ์‚ด์ถฉ์ œ ๋ฐ ์ œ์ดˆ์ œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ๋…์„ฑ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋…ผ๋ž€์ด ์ง€์†๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
0
Camphor is a cyclic monoterpene ketone that is bornane bearing an oxo substituent at position 2. A naturally occurring monoterpenoid. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a bornane monoterpenoid and a cyclic monoterpene ketone.
์•„๋‹๋ฆฐ(์˜์–ด: aniline, ๋…์ผ์–ด: anilin)์€ ๋ฒค์  ์˜ ์ˆ˜์†Œ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ์•„๋ฏผ๊ธฐ๋กœ ์น˜ํ™˜๋œ teije goeree ์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ™”ํ•™์‹์€ C6H5NH2์ด๋‹ค.
0
Piperonyl butoxide (PBO) is a pale yellow to light brown liquid organic compound used as an adjuvant component of pesticide formulations for synergy. That is, despite having no pesticidal activity of its own, it enhances the potency of certain pesticides such as carbamates, pyrethrins, pyrethroids, and rotenone. It is a semisynthetic derivative of safrole and is produced from the condensation of the sodium salt of 2-(2-butoxyethoxy) ethanol and the chloromethyl derivative of hydrogenated safrole (dihydrosafrole); or through 1,2-Methylenedioxybenzene.
๋ฆฌ๋„์นด์ธ(lidocaine)์€ ๊ตญ์†Œ ๋งˆ์ทจ์ œ์ด์ž ํ•ญ๋ถ€์ •๋งฅ์ œ์ด๋‹ค.
0
Tryptophan is an alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3. It has a role as a Daphnia magna metabolite. It is an alpha-amino acid, an aminoalkylindole, a polar amino acid and an aromatic amino acid. It contains a 1H-indol-3-ylmethyl group. It is a conjugate base of a tryptophanium. It is a conjugate acid of a tryptophanate. It is a tautomer of a tryptophan zwitterion.
์ด๋ณดํ…์‚ฐ(์˜์–ด: ibotenic acid)์€ ๊ด‘๋Œ€๋ฒ„์„ฏ๊ณผ ๋งˆ๊ท€๊ด‘๋Œ€๋ฒ„์„ฏ ๋“ฑ์—์„œ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋…์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋ณดํ…์‚ฐ์€ Amanita ibotengutake์—์„œ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ณดํ…์‚ฐ์„ ์„ญ์ทจํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ, ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ์นด๋ฅด๋ณต์‹œ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ฑฐ๋˜์–ด ๋ฌด์‹œ๋ชฐ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, 50~100mg๋งŒ ์„ญ์ทจํ•ด๋„ ํ™˜๊ฐ ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚จ๋‹ค. ์ทจํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ๋Š” ์„ญ์ทจ ํ•œ์ง€ 2~3์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํ›„์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์‹ฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ฐฉ๊ฐ์ด๋‚˜ ํ™˜๊ฐ, ํ‰ํ˜•๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ƒ์‹ค, ๊ทผ์œก ๊ฒฝ๋ จ, ์ง€๊ฐ๋ ฅ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๋“ฑ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” 6~8์‹œ๊ฐ„๋™์•ˆ ๊ณ„์†๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์„ญ์ทจํ•œ ์–‘์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค.
0
Thiosalicylic acid is an organosulfur compound containing carboxyl and sulfhydryl functional groups. Its molecular formula is ortho-C6H4(โˆ’SH)(โˆ’C(=O)โˆ’OH). It is a yellow solid that is slightly soluble in water, ethanol and diethyl ether, and alkanes, but more soluble in DMSO.
ํ…Œ์˜ค๊ฐˆ๋ฆฐ(์˜์–ด: theogallin)์€ ๊ฐ์น ๋ง› ๊ฐ•ํ™” ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ๋กœ ํŠน์ง•์ง€์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์ฐจ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜๋Š” ํด๋ฆฌํŽ˜๋†€ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์˜ ์ผ์ข…์ธ ํŠธ๋ผ์ดํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋ก์‹œ๋ฒค์กฐ์‚ฐ ๊ธ€๋ฆฌ์ฝ”์‚ฌ์ด๋“œ์ด๋‹ค. ํ…Œ์˜ค๊ฐˆ๋ฆฐ์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋”ธ๊ธฐ๋‚˜๋ฌด(Arbutus unedo) ์—ด๋งค์—์„œ๋„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฅ์—์„œ ํ…Œ์˜ค๊ฐˆ๋ฆฐ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ ์‚ฐ๋ฌผ์ธ ํ€ธ์‚ฐ์€ ํ˜ˆ๋‡Œ์žฅ๋ฒฝ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด๋™ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ธ์ง€ ํ–ฅ์ƒ ํ™œ๋™์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
0