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Chloromethane is a natural product found in Biflustra perfragilis with data available.
์…€๋ ˆ๋Š„์‚ฐ(Selenic acid)์€ ํ™”ํ•™์‹ H2SeO4์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๋ฌด๊ธฐ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ์…€๋ ˆ๋Š„์˜ ์‚ฐ์†Œ์‚ฐ์ด๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” (HO)2SeO2๋กœ ๋” ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌด์ƒ‰์˜ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์“ฐ์ž„์ด ์—†์œผ๋‚˜ ํŒŒ์ƒ๋ฌผ ์…€๋ ˆ๋Š„์‚ฐ ๋‚˜ํŠธ๋ฅจ์€ ์œ ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋™๋ฌผ ๋จน์ด ์ƒ์‚ฐ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค.
0
Phosphane is the simplest phosphine, consisting of a single phosphorus atom with three hydrogens attached. It has a role as a carcinogenic agent and a fumigant insecticide. It is a member of phosphanes, a phosphine and a mononuclear parent hydride. It is a conjugate base of a phosphonium. It is a conjugate acid of a phosphanide.
๋นˆํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šคํ‹ด(vincristine, leurocristine, ์ƒํ‘œ๋ช…: Oncovin ๋“ฑ)์€ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์•”์˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ํ™”ํ•™์š”๋ฒ• ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๊ธ‰์„ฑ ๋ฆผํ”„๋ชจ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฑํ˜ˆ๋ณ‘, ๊ธ‰์„ฑ ๊ณจ์ˆ˜์„ฑ ๋ฐฑํ˜ˆ๋ณ‘, ํ˜ธ์ง€ํ‚จ ๋ฆผํ”„์ข…, ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์•„ ์„ธํฌ์ข…, ์†Œ์„ธํฌํ์•” ๋“ฑ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ •๋งฅ ์ฃผ์‚ฌ๋กœ ํˆฌ์—ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋นˆํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šคํ‹ด ์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ผ๋ถ€ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”, ํƒˆ๋ชจ, ๋ณ€๋น„, ๊ฑท๊ธฐ ๋ถˆํŽธํ•จ, ๋‘ํ†ต์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ฑ ๋™ํ†ต, ํ—ˆํŒŒ ์†์ƒ, ๋ฐฑํ˜ˆ๊ตฌ ๊ฐ์†Œ(๊ฐ์—ผ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€)๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ž„์‹  ์ค‘์— ํˆฌ์—ฌํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํƒœ์•„์— ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ฌ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์„ธํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ ์ ˆํžˆ ๋ถ„์—ด๋˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ง‰์Œ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋™์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋นˆํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šคํ‹ด์€ 1961๋…„ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๋ฃŒ์ œ๋„์— ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ ๋ชฉ๋ก์ธ WHO ํ•„์ˆ˜ ์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ ๋ชฉ๋ก์— ๋“ฑ์žฌ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ์˜ ๋„๋งค๊ฐ€๋Š” 1ํšŒ ๋ณต์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ธฐ์ค€ 1.80 ~ US$42.60 ์‚ฌ์ด์ด๋‹ค. ์ผ์ผ์ดˆ(Catharanthus roseus)์—์„œ ์ฑ„์ทจํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋นˆ์นด ์•Œ์นผ๋กœ์ด๋“œ์ด๋‹ค.
0
Homovanillyl alcohol is a metabolite of hydroxytyrosol, which in turn is a metabolite of the neurotransmitter dopamine.
ํ˜ธ๋ชจ๋ฐ”๋‹๋ฆด ์•Œ์ฝ”์˜ฌ(์˜์–ด: homovanillyl alcohol)์€ ํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋ก์‹œํ‹ฐ๋กœ์†”์˜ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ์‚ฐ๋ฌผ๋กœ, ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์ „๋‹ฌ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ธ ๋„ํŒŒ๋ฏผ์˜ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ์˜ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์ƒ์„ฑ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค.
1
Ammonium is an onium cation obtained by protonation of ammonia. It has a role as a human metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a cofactor. It is a nitrogen hydride, an onium cation and a monovalent inorganic cation. It is a conjugate acid of an ammonia.
์•Œ๋ผ๋‹Œ(์˜์–ด: alanine) (๊ธฐํ˜ธ: Ala ๋˜๋Š” A)์€ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์˜ ์ƒํ•ฉ์„ฑ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ฮฑ-์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‚ฐ์ด๋‹ค. ์•Œ๋ผ๋‹Œ์€ ฮฑ-์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ๊ธฐ(์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ์–‘์„ฑ์žํ™”๋œ โˆ’NH3+ ํ˜•ํƒœ), ฮฑ-์นด๋ณต์‹ค๊ธฐ(์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ํƒˆ์–‘์„ฑ์žํ™”๋œ โˆ’COOโˆ’ ํ˜•ํƒœ) ๋ฐ ๊ณ์‚ฌ์Šฌ์ธ ๋ฉ”ํ‹ธ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œ๋ผ๋‹Œ์˜ IUPAC ๊ณ„ํ†ต๋ช…์€ 2-์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธํ”„๋กœํŒ์‚ฐ(์˜์–ด: 2-aminopropanoic acid)์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋น„๊ทน์„ฑ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์กฑ ฮฑ-์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‚ฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋œ๋‹ค. ์•Œ๋ผ๋‹Œ์€ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์‹๋‹จ์— ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„๋„ ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค. ์•Œ๋ผ๋‹Œ์€ GC๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฝ”๋ˆ(GCU, GCC, GCA, GCG)์— ์˜ํ•ด ์•”ํ˜ธํ™”๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. L-์•Œ๋ผ๋‹Œ์€ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. L-์•Œ๋ผ๋‹Œ์€ 1,150์ข…์˜ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์—์„œ 1์ฐจ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ 7.8%์˜ ๋นˆ๋„๋กœ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๋ฅ˜์‹ ์— ์ด์€ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ๋†’์€ ๋นˆ๋„์ด๋‹ค. D-์•Œ๋ผ๋‹Œ์€ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์„ธ๊ท ์˜ ์„ธํฌ๋ฒฝ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ํด๋ฆฌํŽฉํƒ€์ด๋“œ์™€ ์ผ๋ถ€ ํŽฉํƒ€์ด๋“œ ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฐ‘๊ฐ๋ฅ˜ ๋ฐ ์—ฐ์ฒด๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ์กฐ์ง์—์„œ ์‚ผํˆฌ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅํ•œ๋‹ค.
0
Moxifloxacin is an antibiotic, used to treat bacterial infections, including pneumonia, conjunctivitis, endocarditis, tuberculosis, and sinusitis. It can be given by mouth, by injection into a vein, and as an eye drop. Common side effects include diarrhea, dizziness, and headache. Severe side effects may include spontaneous tendon ruptures, nerve damage, and worsening of myasthenia gravis. Safety of use in pregnancy and breastfeeding is unclear. Moxifloxacin is in the fluoroquinolone family of medications. It usually kills bacteria by blocking their ability to duplicate DNA. Moxifloxacin was patented in 1988 and approved for use in the United States in 1999. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. In 2021, it was the 286th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 700,000 prescriptions.
๋””์„คํ”ผ๋žŒ(Disulfiram,์ƒํ‘œ๋ช… ์•ˆํƒ€๋ทฐ์ฆˆ(Antabuse)๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ)์€ ์—ํƒ„์˜ฌ(์Œ์ฃผ ์•Œ์ฝ”์˜ฌ)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธ‰์„ฑ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ์„ฑ์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งŒ์„ฑ ์•Œ์ฝ”์˜ฌ ์ค‘๋… ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ๋””์„คํ”ผ๋žŒ์€ ์•„์„ธํŠธ์•Œ๋ฐํžˆ๋“œ ํƒˆ์ˆ˜์†Œํšจ์†Œ(acetaldehyde dehydrogenase)๋ฅผ ์–ต์ œํ•˜์—ฌ ์•Œ์ฝ”์˜ฌ ์†Œ๋น„ ์งํ›„ ์ˆ™์ทจ์— ๋งŽ์€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋Š๋ผ๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
0
Propene is an alkene that is propane with a double bond at position 1. It has a role as a refrigerant and a xenobiotic. It is an alkene and a gas molecular entity.
๋ง๋ก ์‚ฐ์€ ๋‹ค์ด์นด๋ณต์‹ค์‚ฐ์˜ ์ผ์ข…์ด๋ฉฐ, ์„์‹ ์‚ฐ ํƒˆ์ˆ˜์†Œํšจ์†Œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์  ์ €ํ•ด์ œ๋‹ค. ํ™”ํ•™์‹์€ C3H4O4์ด๋‹ค.
0
Calcium sulfate is a calcium salt and an inorganic calcium salt.
ํ™ฉ์‚ฐ ์นผ์Š˜(๋ฌธํ™”์–ด: ํ™ฉ์‚ฐ์นผ์‹œ์›€, calcium sulfate)์€ ์นผ์Š˜์˜ ํ™ฉ์‚ฐ์—ผ์ด๋‹ค. ์ž์—ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์„๊ณ ๋กœ ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋˜๋Š” ํฐ ๊ฒฐ์ •์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ์ธ์œ„์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์นผ์Š˜์—ผ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์•ก์— ํ™ฉ์‚ฐ ๋˜๋Š” ํ™ฉ์‚ฐ์—ผ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์•ก์„ ๋„ฃ์œผ๋ฉด ์•™๊ธˆ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
1
Cumene is an alkylbenzene that is benzene carrying an isopropyl group.
๊ตฌ์•„๋‹ˆ๋”˜(guanidine)์€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์‹์ด HN=C(NH2)2์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์œ ๊ธฐ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์—ผ๊ธฐ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ฑ์˜ ๊ณ ์ฒด๋กœ, ๊ตฌ์•„๋‹Œ์„ ๋ถ„ํ•ดํ•ด ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์˜ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ƒ์„ฑ๋˜๊ณ  ์†Œ๋ณ€ ์ค‘์—์„œ๋„ ๊ฒ€์ถœ๋œ๋‹ค.
0
Lanosterol is a tetracyclic triterpenoid that is lanosta-8,24-diene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at the 3beta position. It is the compound from which all steroids are derived. It has a role as a bacterial metabolite, a plant metabolite, a human metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a 3beta-sterol, a tetracyclic triterpenoid and a 14alpha-methyl steroid. It derives from a hydride of a lanostane.
๋ผ๋…ธ์Šคํ…Œ๋กค(์˜์–ด: lanosterol)์€ 4๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ํŠธ๋ผ์ดํ…Œ๋ฅดํŽ˜๋…ธ์ด๋“œ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋ชจ๋“  ๋™๋ฌผ ๋ฐ ๊ท ๋ฅ˜์˜ ์Šคํ…Œ๋กœ์ด๋“œ๋“ค์€ ๋ผ๋…ธ์Šคํ…Œ๋กค์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ƒ์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— ์‹๋ฌผ์˜ ์Šคํ…Œ๋กœ์ด๋“œ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ์ดํด๋กœ์•„๋ฅดํ…Œ๋†€์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ƒ์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค. ์•ˆ์•ฝ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๋ผ๋…ธ์Šคํ…Œ๋กค์„ ์ฒ˜์Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค ์ค‘์—๋Š” ์บ‰์ฐฝ(Kang Zhang)๊ณผ ๋ง์ฐจ์˜ค(Ling Zhao) ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.
1
Temozolomide is an imidazotetrazine that is 3,4-dihydroimidazo[5,1-d][1,2,3,5]tetrazine which is substituted at positions 3, 4, and 8 by methyl, oxo, and carboxamide groups, respectively. A prodrug for MTIC (5-(3-methyltriaz-1-en-1-yl)-1H-imidazole-4-carboxamide, formed by spontaneous hydrolysis of temozolomide in the body), it is used as an oral alkylating agent for the treatment of newly diagnosed malignant glioblastoma multiforme (concomitantly with radiotherapy) and malignant melanoma. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, a prodrug and an alkylating agent. It is an imidazotetrazine, a monocarboxylic acid amide and a triazene derivative.
์•„๋ฐ๋…ธ์‹ (์˜์–ด: adenosine)์€ ๋งŽ์€ ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜๋Š” ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋กœ์„œ ์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ์šฉ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด๋‹ค. ์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์•„๋ฐ๋…ธ์‹ ์€ ๋ฏธ์ฃผ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ์ž๊ทน๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํŠน์ • ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์‹ฌ์‹ค์ƒ๋นˆ๋งฅ์„ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์Šด ํ†ต์ฆ, ํ˜„๊ธฐ์ฆ, ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ €ํ•˜๋ฅผ ๋™๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ํ˜ธํก ๊ณค๋ž€ ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •๋งฅ๊ณผ ์ €ํ˜ˆ์••์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ž„์‹  ์ค‘์— ์•„๋ฐ๋…ธ์‹ ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์€ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•ด ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ์•„๋ฐ๋…ธ์‹ ์€ ํ•ต์—ผ๊ธฐ์ธ ์•„๋ฐ๋‹Œ๊ณผ 5ํƒ„๋‹น์ธ ๋ฆฌ๋ณด์Šค๊ฐ€ ฮฒ-N9-๊ธ€๋ฆฌ์ฝ”์‚ฌ์ด๋“œ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ํ“จ๋ฆฐ ๋‰ดํด๋ ˆ์˜ค์‚ฌ์ด๋“œ์ด๋‹ค. ์•„๋ฐ๋…ธ์‹ ์˜ ์œ ๋„์ฒด๋Š” ์ž์—ฐ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋„๋ฆฌ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์•„๋ฐ๋…ธ์‹  ์‚ผ์ธ์‚ฐ(ATP)๊ณผ ์•„๋ฐ๋…ธ์‹  ์ด์ธ์‚ฐ(ADP)์ด ๊ด€์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ „๋‹ฌ ๊ณผ์ • ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ณ ๋ฆฌํ˜• ์•„๋ฐ๋…ธ์‹  ์ผ์ธ์‚ฐ(cAMP)์ด ๊ด€์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์‹ ํ˜ธ ์ „๋‹ฌ ๊ณผ์ •๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒํ™”ํ•™์  ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์•„๋ฐ๋…ธ์‹  ์ž์ฒด๋Š” ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์กฐ์ ˆ๋ฌผ์งˆ(neuromodulator)์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ˆ˜๋ฉด์„ ์ด‰์ง„์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ์„ฑ์„ ์–ต์ œํ•˜๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์ง„๋‹ค. ์•„๋ฐ๋…ธ์‹ ์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ํ™•์žฅ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์œผ๋กœ์˜ ํ˜ˆ๋ฅ˜ ์กฐ์ ˆ์— ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
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Glucose 1-phosphate is a natural product found in Medicago sativa with data available.
ํ”„๋กœํ”„๋ผ๋†€๋กค(Propranolol - ์ƒํ’ˆ๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ์ธ๋ฐ๋†€ ๋“ฑ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค.)์€ ๋น„์„ ํƒ์  ๋ฒ ํƒ€ ์ฐจ๋‹จ์ œ์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ, ์‹ฌ์žฅ ๋ฐ•๋™์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ ํ˜ˆ์••, ๋ถ€์ •๋งฅ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ๋“ฑ ์‹ฌํ˜ˆ๊ด€๊ณ„ ์งˆํ™˜์„ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ ์ด ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์€ ์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ”ฝ ๊ธˆ์ง€ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ๋กœ ์ง€์ •๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, 2008๋…„ ํ•˜๊ณ„ ์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ”ฝ์—์„œ ์กฐ์„ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜์ธ๋ฏผ๊ณตํ™”๊ตญ์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ฒฉ ์„ ์ˆ˜ ๊น€์ •์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ด ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์„ ์“ด ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐํ˜€์ ธ ๋ฉ”๋‹ฌ์„ ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ๋‹นํ•˜๊ณ  ์ถ”๋ฐฉ๋‹นํ•œ ๋ฐ”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
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Saquinavir is an aspartic acid derivative obtained by formal condensation of the primary amino group of (2S,3R)-4-[(3S,4aS,8aS)-3-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)octahydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl]-3-hydroxy-1-phenylbutan-2-ylamine with the carboxy group of N(2)(-quinolin-2-ylcarbonyl)-L-asparagine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 protease. It has a role as a HIV protease inhibitor and an antiviral drug. It is a member of quinolines and a L-asparagine derivative.
์‚ฌํ€ด๋‚˜๋น„๋ฅด(Saquinavir, ์ƒํ’ˆ๋ช…: Invirase, Fortovase)๋Š” ํ›„์ฒœ๋ฉด์—ญ๊ฒฐํ•์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ๋˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ํ•ญ๋ ˆํŠธ๋กœ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์ œ์ด๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํšจ๋ ฅ์„ ์ฆ๋Œ€์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฆฌํ† ๋‚˜๋น„๋ฅด ๋˜๋Š” ๋กœํ”ผ๋‚˜๋น„๋ฅด/๋ฆฌํ† ๋‚˜๋น„๋ฅด์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•์œผ๋กœ ํˆฌ์—ฌ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ฉ”์Šค๊บผ์›€, ๊ตฌํ† , ์„ค์‚ฌ, ํ”ผ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋” ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” QT ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ ์—ฐ์žฅ, ์‹ฌ์žฅ ๋ธ”๋ก, ๊ณ ์ง€ํ˜ˆ์ฆ, ๊ฐ„์งˆํ™˜ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ž„์‹  ์ค‘ ๋ณต์šฉ์€ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ํ”„๋กœํ…Œ์•„์ œ ์–ต์ œ์ œ ๊ณ„์—ด์— ์†ํ•˜๋ฉฐ HIV ํ”„๋กœํ…Œ์•„์ œ๋ฅผ ์ฐจ๋‹จํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋™์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌํ€ด๋‚˜๋น„๋ฅด๋Š” 1988๋…„ ํŠนํ—ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ 1995๋…„ ์ฒ˜์Œ ํŒ๋งค๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. 2015๋…„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์ œ๋„ค๋ฆญ ์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋งค๋˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ’์ด ๋น„์‹ผ ํŽธ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ์˜ ๋„๋งค๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ผ์ผ ๋Œ€๋žต 4.50 USD์ด๋‹ค.
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Ethambutol (EMB, E) is a medication primarily used to treat tuberculosis. It is usually given in combination with other tuberculosis medications, such as isoniazid, rifampicin and pyrazinamide. It may also be used to treat Mycobacterium avium complex, and Mycobacterium kansasii. It is taken by mouth. Common side effects include problems with vision, joint pain, nausea, headaches, and feeling tired. Other side effects include liver problems and allergic reactions. It is not recommended in people with optic neuritis, significant kidney problems, or under the age of five. Use during pregnancy or breastfeeding has not been found to cause harm. In the United States the FDA has raised concerns about eye issues in the baby if used during pregnancy. Ethambutol is believed to work by interfering with the bacteria's metabolism. Ethambutol was discovered in 1961. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines and is available as a generic medication.
์—ํƒ๋ถ€ํ†จ(EMB ๋˜๋Š” E)์€ ์„ธ๊ท  ๋ฐœ์œก์„ ์–ต์ œํ•˜๋Š” ์ •์‹ ํ•ญ๊ฒฐํ•ต์ œ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ์•ฝ์€ ์ด์†Œ๋‹ˆ์•„์ง€๋“œ, ๋ฆฌํŒœํ”ผ์‹ , ํ”ผ๋ผ์ง„์•„๋งˆ์ด๋“œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•ญ๊ฒฐํ•ต์ œ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ๋˜๋ฉฐ, '๋งˆ์ด์•”๋ถ€ํ†จ' ๋˜๋Š” 'Servambutol'์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋งค๋œ๋‹ค.
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Cefazolin is a first-generation cephalosporin compound having [(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)sulfanyl]methyl and (1H-tetrazol-1-ylacetyl)amino side-groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively. It has a role as an antibacterial drug. It is a cephalosporin, a member of thiadiazoles, a member of tetrazoles and a beta-lactam antibiotic allergen. It is a conjugate acid of a cefazolin(1-).
ํ”„๋กœํŽ˜์ธ(์˜์–ด: propane) ๋˜๋Š” ํ”„๋กœํŒ(๋…์ผ์–ด: propan)์€ ์•Œ์ผ€์ธ๊ณ„ ํƒ„ํ™”์ˆ˜์†Œ์˜ ์ผ์ข…์ด๋‹ค. ํ™”ํ•™์‹์€ C3H8์ด๋‹ค. ์Šต์„ฑ ์ฒœ์—ฐ ๊ฐ€์Šค์˜ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์ด๋ฉฐ, ์„์œ  ์ฆ๋ฅ˜ ์‹œ ์„์œ  ๊ฐ€์Šค์— ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์›์œ ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ํฌ๋ž˜ํ‚น ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ๋„ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค.
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Benzothiazole is an organic heterobicyclic compound that is a fusion product between benzene and thiazole. The parent of the class of benzothiazoles. It has a role as a plant metabolite, a xenobiotic and an environmental contaminant.
ํŠธ๋ฆฝํƒ€๋ฏผ(Tryptamine)์€ ํ•„์ˆ˜ ์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‚ฐ ํŠธ๋ฆฝํ† ํŒ์˜ ์ธ๋Œ์•„๋ฏผ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ํ™”ํ•™ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ์ธ๋Œ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด์ฐจ ํƒ„์†Œ์˜ 2์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์—ํ‹ธ๊ธฐ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ •์˜๋œ๋‹ค.
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Imidazole is a natural product found in Lens culinaris and Homo sapiens with data available.
์ด๋ฏธ๋‹ค์กธ(Imidazole)์€ ํ™”ํ•™์‹ C3N2H4์˜ ์œ ๊ธฐ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ์— ์šฉํ•ด๋˜์–ด ์•ฝ ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ์„ฑ ์šฉ์•ก์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ํฐ์ƒ‰ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌด์ƒ‰์˜ ๊ณ ์ฒด์ด๋‹ค. ํ™”ํ•™์—์„œ, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹ค์ด์•„์กธ(diazole)๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋˜๊ณ  ์ธ์ ‘ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์งˆ์†Œ ์›์ž๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์กฑ ํ—คํ…Œ๋กœ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ํ”ผ๋ฆฌ๋ฏธ๋”˜ ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์— ์œตํ•ฉ๋  ๋•Œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋„๋ฆฌ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์งˆ์†Œ ํ—คํ…Œ๋กœ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ธ ํ“จ๋ฆฐ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค. "imidazole"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ด๋ฆ„์€ 1887๋…„ ๋…์ผ ํ™”ํ•™์ž ์•„๋ฅดํˆฌ์–ด ๋ฃจ๋Œํ”„ ํ•œ์น˜(Arthur Rudolf Hantzsch, 1857-1935)์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค.
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Isocyanic acid is a chemical compound with the structural formula HNCO, which is often written as Hโˆ’NO. It is a colourless, volatile and poisonous substance, with a boiling point of 23.5 ยฐC. It is the predominant tautomer and an isomer of cyanic acid (aka. cyanol) (Hโˆ’Oโˆ’Cโ‰กN). The derived anion of isocyanic acid is the same as the derived anion of cyanic acid, and that anion is [NO]โˆ’, which is called cyanate. The related functional group โˆ’NO is isocyanate; it is distinct from cyanate (โˆ’Oโˆ’Cโ‰กN), fulminate (โˆ’Oโˆ’N+โ‰กCโˆ’), and nitrile oxide (โˆ’Cโ‰กN+โˆ’Oโˆ’). Isocyanic acid was discovered in 1830 by Justus von Liebig and Friedrich Wรถhler. Isocyanic acid is the simplest stable chemical compound that contains carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen, the four most commonly found elements in organic chemistry and biology. It is the only fairly stable one of the four linear isomers with molecular formula HOCN that have been synthesized, the others being cyanic acid (cyanol, Hโˆ’Oโˆ’Cโ‰กN) and the elusive fulminic acid (Hโˆ’Cโ‰กN+โˆ’Oโˆ’) and isofulminic acid Hโˆ’Oโˆ’N+โ‰กCโˆ’.
ํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋ก์‹ค์•„๋ฏผ(์˜์–ด: hydroxylamine)์€ ํ™”ํ•™์‹์ด NH2OH์ธ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ฌผ์งˆ์€ ๋ฐฑ์ƒ‰ ๊ฒฐ์ •์˜ ํก์Šต์„ฑ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋ก์‹ค์•„๋ฏผ์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ฌด์กฐ๊ฑด ์ˆ˜์šฉ์•ก์œผ๋กœ ์ œ๊ณต๋˜์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ์งˆ์‚ฐํ™” ์ž‘์šฉ์˜ ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋ก์‹ค์•„๋ฏผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ NH3์˜ ์‚ฐํ™”๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ์งˆ์‚ฐํ™” ์ž‘์šฉ์—์„œ์˜ ํ•œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ด๋‹ค.
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Skatole is a methylindole carrying a methyl substituent at position 3. It is produced during the anoxic metabolism of L-tryptophan in the mammalian digestive tract. It has a role as a mammalian metabolite and a human metabolite.
์•ˆํŠธ๋ผ์„ผ(Anthracene)์€ ๋ฒค์  ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง์„ ์œผ๋กœ 3๊ฐœ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ์–‘์˜ ๋ถ„์ž๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋ฌด์ƒ‰ ๊ฒฐ์ •์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์ž๋Ÿ‰์€ 178.2, ๋…น๋Š”์ ์€ 218 ยฐC, ๋“๋Š”์ ์€ 340 ยฐC์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋น„์ค‘์€ 1.25(20 ยฐC)์ด๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์ž์‹์€ C14H10๋กœ ์“ด๋‹ค. ํŽ˜๋‚œํŠธ๋ Œ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ด์„ฑ์งˆ์ฒด์ด๋‹ค.
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(S)-colchicine is a colchicine that has (S)-configuration. It is a secondary metabolite, has anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat gout, crystal-induced joint inflammation, familial Mediterranean fever, and many other conditions. It has a role as a mutagen, an anti-inflammatory agent and a gout suppressant. It is a colchicine and an alkaloid. It is an enantiomer of a (R)-colchicine.
๋ชฉ์‹œํ”Œ๋ก์‚ฌ์‹ (Moxifloxacin)์€ 4์„ธ๋Œ€ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ํ”Œ๋ฃจ์˜ค๋ฅดํ€ด๋†€๋ก  ํ•ญ์„ธ๊ท ์ œ๋กœ, ๋ฐ”์ด์—˜์‚ฌ(Bayer AG, ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋ช…์นญ์€ BAY 12-8039)์—์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ์•ฝ์€ ๊ฒฝ๊ตฌ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ œ '์•„๋ฒจ๋ก์Šค(Avelox)', 'Avalox', 'Avelon'์˜ ๋ช…์นญ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋งค๋œ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ ์ •๋งฅ ํˆฌ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋น„๊ฒฝ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ๋„ ๋ณด๊ธ‰๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ชฉ์‹œํ”Œ๋ก์‚ฌ์‹ ์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๋ง‰์—ผ์˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด 'Vigamox'์˜ ๋ช…์นญ์˜ ์•ˆ๊ณผ์šฉ ์šฉ์•ก(์•ˆ์•ฝ)์œผ๋กœ๋„ ํŒ๋งค๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์•„๋ฒจ๋ก์Šค๋Š” 1989๋…„ 6์›” 30์ผ์— ํŠนํ—ˆ๊ฐ€ ์‹ ์ฒญ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, FDA๋Š” 10๋…„ ํ›„์ธ 1999๋…„์ด ๋˜์–ด์„œ์•ผ ์ค‘์ฆ์˜ ์ƒ๋ช…์— ์ง€์žฅ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ธ๊ท  ๊ฐ์—ผ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์˜ ์šฉ๋„๋กœ ์Šน์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ชฉ์‹œํ”Œ๋ก์‚ฌ์‹ ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‹คํŒจํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋„๋ก ๊ทธ ์šฉ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ œํ•œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชฉ์‹œํ”Œ๋ก์‚ฌ์‹ ์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์•ฝ์ œ์™€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ์•ฝ์ดˆ์™€ ์ž์—ฐ ๋ณด์ถฉ์žฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋„ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•˜๋‹ค. ์•„๋ฒจ๋ก์Šค๋Š” 1999๋…„์„ ์‹œ์ž‘์œผ๋กœ ํ˜„์žฌ 80์—ฌ๊ฐœ๊ตญ์—์„œ ํŒ๋งค๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‹œํ”„๋กœํ”Œ๋ก์‚ฌ์‹ ์„ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.
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3-Ureidopropionic acid is a natural product found in Daphnia pulex, Drosophila melanogaster, and other organisms with data available.
์ฝ”๋ฆฌ์Šด์‚ฐ(์˜์–ด: chorismic acid)์€ ์‹๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ƒํ™”ํ•™์  ๋Œ€์‚ฌ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์ƒ์„ฑ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ์ƒ์ฒด ๋‚ด์—์„œ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋Š” ์Œ์ด์˜จ์ธ ์ฝ”๋ฆฌ์Šด์‚ฐ์—ผ(์˜์–ด: chorismate)์ด๋‹ค.
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Equol is a member of hydroxyisoflavans.
์„ธํฌํ…Œํƒ„(Cefotetan)์€ ์„ธํŒŒ๋งˆ์ด์‹ ์— ์†ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์‚ฌ์šฉ ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ๋กœ, ์„ธ๊ท  ๊ฐ์—ผ์˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ๊ณผ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. 2์„ธ๋Œ€ ์„ธํŒ”๋กœ์Šคํฌ๋ฆฐ ๊ณ„์—ด ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ํ•ญ๊ท  ๋ฒ”์œ„ ์—ญ์‹œ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์„ธํฌํ…Œํƒ„์€ ํ˜๊ธฐ์„ฑ ์„ธ๊ท ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํšจ๊ณผ ์—ญ์‹œ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์•ผ๋งˆ๋…ธ์šฐ์น˜ ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ณธ ๋ฐ”๊นฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ์•„ํŒŒํ…Œํ”„(Apatef), ์„ธํฌํƒ„(Cefotan) ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ƒํ’ˆ๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ์•„์ŠคํŠธ๋ผ์ œ๋„ค์นด์—์„œ ํŒ๋งคํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋ฏผ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์•ผ๋งˆํ…Œํƒ„(Yamatetan)์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒํ’ˆ๋ช…์œผ๋กœ๋„ ํŒ๋งค๋œ๋‹ค.
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Styrene is a vinylarene that is benzene carrying a vinyl group. It has been isolated from the benzoin resin produced by Styrax species. It has a role as a mutagen, a plant metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a vinylarene, a volatile organic compound and a member of styrenes.
์˜ฅ์†Œ๋ฉ”๋งˆ์ง„(Oxomemazine)์€ ๊ธฐ์นจ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ํŽ˜๋…ธํ‹ฐ์•„์ง„ ํ™”ํ•™ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜์˜ ํ•ญํžˆ์Šคํƒ€๋ฏผ์ œ์ด์ž ํ•ญ์ฝœ๋ฆฐ์ œ์ด๋‹ค.
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Oxalosuccinic acid is a tricarboxylic acid consisting of 2-oxoglutaric acid having a further carboxy group at the 3-position. It is a substrate of the citric acid cycle. It has a role as a fundamental metabolite. It is functionally related to a 2-oxoglutaric acid. It is a conjugate acid of an oxalatosuccinate(3-).
์•„์„ธํ”„๋กœ๋งˆ์ง„(acepromazine, ACP) ๋˜๋Š” ์•„์„ธํ‹ธํ”„๋กœ๋งˆ์ง„(acetylpromazine, Ace)์€ ํŽ˜๋…ธ์น˜์•„์ง„ ๊ณ„์—ด์˜ ํ•ญ์ •์‹ ๋ณ‘ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ์ƒํ‘œ๋ช…์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์•„ํŠธ๋ผ๋ฒ ํŠธ(Atravet), ์•„์„ธ์ง„ 2(Acezine 2)๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. 1950๋…„๋Œ€์— ์ฒ˜์Œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ํ˜„์žฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค(์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์ธ ํด๋กœ๋ฅดํ”„๋กœ๋งˆ์ง„์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์šฉ ํ•ญ์ •์‹ ์ œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค). ์•„์„ธํ”„๋กœ๋งˆ์ง„์€ ํ”ํžˆ ๋™๋ฌผ์—๊ฒŒ ์ง„์ •์ œ ๋‚ด์ง€ ํ•ญ๊ตฌํ† ์ œ ์šฉ๋„๋กœ ์ฃผ์‚ฌ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ๋œ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ๋ถˆ์•ˆํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋™๋ฌผ์„ ์กฐ์šฉํžˆ ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์•ˆ์ •์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
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Thiazole is a mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent, a member of 1,3-thiazoles and a monocyclic heteroarene.
์ฝ”๋ฅดํ‹ฐ์†, ๋˜๋Š” ์ฝ”ํ‹ฐ์†(cortisone)์€ ํ”„๋ ˆ๊ทธ๋‚œ(21๊ฐœ ํƒ„์†Œ)์— ์†ํ•˜๋Š” ์Šคํ…Œ๋กœ์ด๋“œ ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ์ด๋‹ค. ์ฝ”๋ฅดํ‹ฐ์ฝ”์Šคํ…Œ๋กœ์ด๋“œ์˜ ์ž์—ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์‚ฌ ์‚ฐ๋ฌผ๋กœ, ์•ฝํ•™์  ์ „๊ตฌ์•ฝ๋ฌผ๋กœ๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ถ€์‹ ์—์„œ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ์ฝ”๋ฅดํ‹ฐ์†”์€ ํŠนํžˆ ์ฝฉํŒฅ์—์„œ ์ฝ”๋ฅดํ‹ฐ์ฝ”์Šคํ…Œ๋กœ์ด๋“œ 11-๋ฒ ํƒ€-ํƒˆ์ˆ˜์†Œํšจ์†Œ ๋™์ข…ํšจ์†Œ 2์˜ ์ž‘์šฉ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋น„ํ™œ์„ฑ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ์‚ฐ๋ฌผ์ธ ์ฝ”๋ฅดํ‹ฐ์†์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ์ฝ”๋ฅดํ‹ฐ์†์€ ํŠนํžˆ ๊ฐ„์—์„œ 11๋ฒ ํƒ€-ํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋ก์‹œ์Šคํ…Œ๋กœ์ด๋“œ ํƒˆ์ˆ˜์†Œํšจ์†Œ 1ํ˜•์˜ ์ž‘์šฉ์— ์˜ํ•ด ํ™œ์„ฑ ์Šคํ…Œ๋กœ์ด๋“œ์ธ ์ฝ”๋ฅดํ‹ฐ์†”๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ „ํ™˜๋œ๋‹ค. ์ฝ”๋ฅดํ‹ฐ์†์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์šฉ์–ด๋Š” ์ฝ”๋ฅดํ‹ฐ์ฝ”์Šคํ…Œ๋กœ์ด๋“œ๋‚˜ ์ฝ”๋ฅดํ‹ฐ์†”์˜ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด๋ฆ„์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋กœ์ฝ”๋ฅดํ‹ฐ์†์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌํ‚ค๋Š” ์šฉ๋„๋กœ ์ž์ฃผ ์˜ค์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. '์ฝ”๋ฅดํ‹ฐ์† ์ฃผ์‚ฌ'๋ฅผ ๋งž๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ '์ฝ”๋ฅดํ‹ฐ์†'์„ ๋ณต์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋กœ์ฝ”๋ฅดํ‹ฐ์†์ด๋‚˜ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ์ฝ”๋ฅดํ‹ฐ์ฝ”์Šคํ…Œ๋กœ์ด๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํˆฌ์—ฌ๋œ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ฝ”๋ฅดํ‹ฐ์†์ผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†๋‹ค. ์ฝ”๋ฅดํ‹ฐ์†์€ ์ „๊ตฌ์•ฝ๋ฌผ(prodrug)๋กœ์„œ ํˆฌ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ํˆฌ์—ฌ ํ›„ ์ฒด๋‚ด์—์„œ ์ „ํ™˜(ํŠนํžˆ ๊ฐ„์—์„œ ์ฝ”๋ฅดํ‹ฐ์†”๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜)๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์„ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋ฉฐ ์ •๋งฅ ์ฃผ์‚ฌ, ๊ฒฝ๊ตฌ ํˆฌ์—ฌ, ๊ด€์ ˆ ๋‚ด๋ถ€, ๊ฒฝํ”ผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํˆฌ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฝ”๋ฅดํ‹ฐ์†์€ ๋ฉด์—ญ๊ณ„์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ์–ต์ œํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ผ์ฆ๊ณผ ๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ†ต์ฆ๊ณผ ๋ถ€์ข…์„ ์ค„์ธ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์ฝ”๋ฅดํ‹ฐ์†์˜ ์žฅ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์—๋Š” ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ฝ”๋ฅดํ‹ฐ์†์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๋งค์šฐ ์•ฝํ•œ ํ™œ์„ฑ๋งŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋ฉฐ ๋ณดํ†ต์€ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์Šคํ…Œ๋กœ์ด๋“œ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€์‹  ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค.
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Tobramycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from Streptomyces tenebrarius that is used to treat various types of bacterial infections, particularly Gram-negative infections. It is especially effective against species of Pseudomonas. It was patented in 1965, and approved for medical use in 1974. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. In 2021, it was the 299th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 500,000 prescriptions.
ํ† ๋ธŒ๋ผ๋งˆ์ด์‹ (์˜์–ด: Tobramycin)์€ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ™ํ† ๋ฏธ์„ธ์Šค ํ…Œ๋„ค๋ธŒ๋ผ๋ฆฌ์šฐ์Šค(Streptomyces tenebrarius)์—์„œ ์ถ”์ถœ๋œ ์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ๊ธ€๋ฆฌ์ฝ”์‚ฌ์ด๋“œ ๊ณ„์—ด ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์„ธ๊ท , ํŠนํžˆ ๊ทธ๋žŒ ์Œ์„ฑ๊ท  ๊ฐ์—ผ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ์Šˆ๋„๋ชจ๋‚˜์Šค์— ์†ํ•˜๋Š” ์„ธ๊ท ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ข์€๋ฒ”์œ„ ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ์— ์†ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ํ™ฉ์ƒ‰ํฌ๋„์ƒ๊ตฌ๊ท  ๊ฐ™์€ ์†Œ์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ทธ๋žŒ ์–‘์„ฑ๊ท , ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ทธ๋žŒ ์Œ์„ฑ๊ท ์— ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. 1955๋…„ ํŠนํ—ˆ๊ฐ€ ์ถœ์›๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, 1974๋…„ ์˜๋ฃŒ์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์Šน์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. WHO ํ•„์ˆ˜ ์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ ๋ชฉ๋ก์— ๋“ฑ์žฌ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. 2021๋…„ ํ•œ ํ•ด ๋™์•ˆ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ 50๋งŒ ๊ฑด ์ด์ƒ ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ๋˜์–ด, ์ „์ฒด ์•ฝ๋ฌผ ์ค‘ 299๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ๋งŽ์ด ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ๋œ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋ก๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
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Quinoline is the simplest member of the quinoline class of compounds, comprising a benzene ring ortho fused to C-2 and C-3 of a pyridine ring. It is a mancude organic heterobicyclic parent, a member of quinolines, an azaarene and an ortho-fused heteroarene.
๋…ธ๋นŒ๋ ˆํ‹ด (Nobiletin)์€ ๊ฐ๊ทค๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ป์งˆ ๋“ฑ์— ๋งŽ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ ๊ธฐ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ๋กœ, ํ”Œ๋ผ๋ณธ์„ ๊ณจ๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ํด๋ฆฌ๋ฉ”ํ†ก์‹œ ํ”Œ๋ผ๋ณด๋…ธ์ด๋“œ (O-๋ฉ”ํ‹ธํ™”ํ”Œ๋ผ๋ณด๋…ธ์ด๋“œ)์˜ ์ผ์ข…์ด๋‹ค.
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Zonisamide is a 1,2-benzoxazole compound having a sulfamoylmethyl substituent at the 3-position. It has a role as an anticonvulsant, an antioxidant, a central nervous system drug, a protective agent and a T-type calcium channel blocker. It is a member of 1,2-benzoxazoles and a sulfonamide.
์•„์„ธํŠธ์‚ฐ ๋ทฐํ‹ธ(butyl acetate) ๋˜๋Š” n-๋ถ€ํ‹ธ ์•„์„ธํ…Œ์ดํŠธ(n-Butyl acetate)๋Š” ํ™”ํ•™์‹ CH3CO2(CH2)3CH3์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์œ ๊ธฐ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฌด์ƒ‰์˜ ๊ฐ€์—ฐ์„ฑ ์•ก์ฒด๋กœ n-๋ทฐํƒ„์˜ฌ๊ณผ ์•„์„ธํŠธ์‚ฐ์—์„œ ์ถ”์ถœ๋œ ์—์Šคํ…Œ๋ฅด์ด๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ณผ์ผ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜๋ฉฐ ๋…ํŠนํ•œ ํ’๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐ”๋‚˜๋‚˜๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๊ณผ์˜ ๋‹ฌ์ฝคํ•œ ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๊ฐ€ ๋‚œ๋‹ค. ์‚ฐ์—…์šฉ ์šฉ๋งค๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ถ€ํ‹ธ ์•„์„ธํ…Œ์ดํŠธ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์„ฑ์งˆ์ฒด(์ž…์ฒด ์ด์„ฑ์งˆ์ฒด๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์—ฌ ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€)๋Š” ์ด์†Œ๋ถ€ํ‹ธ ์•„์„ธํ…Œ์ดํŠธ, ํ…Œ๋ฅดํŠธ-๋ถ€ํ‹ธ ์•„์„ธํ…Œ์ดํŠธ ๋ฐ ์„ธํฌ-๋ถ€ํ‹ธ ์•„์„ธํ…Œ์ดํŠธ(๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ฑฐ์šธ์ƒ ์ด์„ฑ์งˆ์ฒด)์ด๋‹ค.
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Acetylacetone is a beta-diketone that is pentane in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 4 are replaced by oxo groups. It is a conjugate acid of an acetylacetonate.
๋ฒ ๋ฅด์ œ๋‹Œ(์˜์–ด: bergenin)์€ ํŠธ๋ผ์ดํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋ก์‹œ๋ฒค์กฐ์‚ฐ์˜ ๊ธ€๋ฆฌ์ฝ”์‚ฌ์ด๋“œ์ด๋‹ค. ์ฟ ์Šค์ฟ ํ‹ด(์˜์–ด: cuscutin)์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฒ ๋ฅด์ œ๋‹Œ์€ 4-O-๋ฉ”ํ‹ธ ๊ฐˆ์‚ฐ์˜ C-๊ธ€๋ฆฌ์ฝ”์‚ฌ์ด๋“œ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋…ธ๋ฅด๋ฒ ๋ฅด์ œ๋‹Œ์ด๋ผ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” O-๋ฉ”ํ‹ธํ™” ์œ ๋„์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํŒŒ์ƒจ๋ธŒํ—ค๋“œ(Paashaanbhed, Bergenia ligulata)๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์•„์œ ๋ฅด๋ฒ ๋‹ค์˜ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ ๋ฐ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฒ ๋ฅด์ œ๋‹Œ์€ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๋ฉด์—ญ ์กฐ์ ˆ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ๋ฒ ๋ฅด์ œ๋‹Œ์€ ๋ฒ ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ๋‹ˆ์•„ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์•„ํƒ€(Bergenia ciliata) ๋ฐ ๋ฒ ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ๋‹ˆ์•„ ๋ฆฌ๊ตด๋ผํƒ€(Bergenia ligulata)์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฒ ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ๋‹ˆ์•„์†์˜ ์ข…์—์„œ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ฒ ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ๋‹ˆ์•„ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ผ์ผ€์ด(Bergenia stracheyi)์˜ ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ์ค„๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒ ๋ฅด์ œ๋‹Œ์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋ฐœ๋ผ๋†‰์Šค ์•„๋กœ๋งˆํ‹ฐ์นด(Dryobalanops aromatica)์˜ ์ค„๊ธฐ ์ˆ˜ํ”ผ, ์•„๋ฅด๋””์‹œ์•„ ์—˜๋ฆฝํ‹ฐ์นด(Ardisia elliptica), ๋ง๋กœํˆฌ์Šค ์žํฌ๋‹ˆ์ฟ ์Šค(Mallotus japonicus)์—์„œ๋„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
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N-Nitrosodimethylamine is a natural product found in Brassica oleracea and Nicotiana tabacum with data available.
N-๋‚˜์ดํŠธ๋กœ์†Œ๋‹ค์ด๋ฉ”ํ‹ธ์•„๋ฏผ(N-Nitrosodimethylamine, NDMA)์€ ํ™”ํ•™์‹(2CH3)NNO)์˜ ์œ ๊ธฐํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ๋กœ N-๋‹ˆํŠธ๋กœ์†Œ์•„๋ฏผ(Nitrosamine) ์ข…๋ฅ˜ ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. NDMA๋Š” ๊ฐ„๋…์„ฑ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋†’์€ ๋ฐœ์•”๋ฌผ์งˆ๋กœ ํœ˜๋ฐœ์„ฑ ํ™ฉ์ƒ‰ ์˜ค์ผ ํ˜•ํƒœ์ธ๋ฐ, ๋ฌผ์˜ ์—ผ์†Œํ™”์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋””๋ฉ”ํ‹ธ์•„๋ฏผ์„ ํ•จ์œ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์žฌํ™œ์šฉ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์Œ์ด์˜จ ๊ตํ™˜์ˆ˜์ง€ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์ค‘ NDMA๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑ ๋˜๋Š” ์นจ์ถœํ•œ๋‹ค. NDMA๋Š” ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๋ถ„ํ•ด๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํก์ฐฉ, ํœ˜๋ฐœ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ์— ์ˆ˜์งˆ์˜ค์—ผ์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, 200~260nm ๋ฒ”์œ„์˜ UV ๋ณต์‚ฌ์— ์˜ํ•ด Nโ€“N ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์ด ํŒŒ๊ดด๋˜์–ด ์ œ๊ฑฐ๋œ๋‹ค. NDMA๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ ํƒ„ ์Œ์‹์ด๋‚˜ ๋‹ด๋ฐฐ์—ฐ๊ธฐ ๋“ฑ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋œ๋‹ค.
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Glycocyamine is a natural product found in Citrus reticulata, Prunus persica, and other organisms with data available.
๊ธ€๋ฆฌ์ฝ”์‚ฌ์ด์•„๋ฏผ(์˜์–ด: glycocyamine) ๋˜๋Š” 2-๊ตฌ์•„๋‹ˆ๋””๋…ธ์•„์„ธํŠธ์‚ฐ(์˜์–ด: 2-guanidinoacetic acid)์€ ์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ตฌ์•„๋‹ํ™”(์•„๋ฅด์ง€๋‹Œ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ตฌ์•„๋‹ˆ๋””๋…ธ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ „์ด)์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ตฌ์•„๋‹ˆ๋”˜์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜๋œ ๊ธ€๋ฆฌ์‹ ์˜ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ์‚ฐ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ์ฒ™์ถ”๋™๋ฌผ์—์„œ ๊ธ€๋ฆฌ์ฝ”์‚ฌ์ด์•„๋ฏผ์€ ๋ฉ”ํ‹ธํ™”์— ์˜ํ•ด ํฌ๋ ˆ์•„ํ‹ด์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ธ€๋ฆฌ์ฝ”์‚ฌ์ด์•„๋ฏผ์€ ์–‘๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋ณด์ถฉ์ œ ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ ์ฒจ๊ฐ€์ œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ„์—์„œ ๊ธ€๋ฆฌ์ฝ”์‚ฌ์ด์•„๋ฏผ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํฌ๋ ˆ์•„ํ‹ด์œผ๋กœ์˜ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ฉ”ํ‹ธ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ณ ๊ฐˆ์„ ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ˜ธ๋ชจ์‹œ์Šคํ…Œ์ธ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ์ƒ์Šน์‹œ์ผœ ์‹ฌํ˜ˆ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ๊ณจ๊ฒฉ๊ทผ์— ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ธ€๋ฆฌ์ฝ”์‚ฌ์ด์•„๋ฏผ ์ž์ฒด๋Š” ์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‚ฐ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‚ฐ์ธ ์„ธ๋ฆฐ, ํŠธ๋ ˆ์˜ค๋‹Œ ๋ฐ ํ”„๋กค๋ฆฐ์˜ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
1
Allylamine is an organic compound with the formula C3H5NH2. This colorless liquid is the simplest stable unsaturated amine.
์—ํŠธ๋ ˆ์ธ(ethylene) ๋˜๋Š” ์—ํ…(ethene)์€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์—ํ‹ธ๋ Œ๊ณ„ ํƒ„ํ™”์ˆ˜์†Œ์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๋‹ค. ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์˜ ์›๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค.
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Tellurous acid is an inorganic compound with the formula H2TeO3. It is the oxoacid of tellurium(IV). This compound is not well characterized. An alternative way of writing its formula is (HO)2TeO. In principle, tellurous acid would form by treatment of tellurium dioxide with water, that is by hydrolysis. The related conjugate base is well known in the form of several salts such as potassium hydrogen tellurite, KHTeO3.
์•„ํ…”๋ฃจ๋ฅจ์‚ฐ(Tellurous acid, ไบžไธ€้…ธ)์€ ํ™”ํ•™์‹ H2TeO3์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๋ฌด๊ธฐ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ํ…”๋ฃจ๋ฅจ(IV)์˜ ์‚ฐ์†Œ์‚ฐ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์— ํฐ ํŠน์ง•์ด ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋Š” ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.
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Decane is an alkane hydrocarbon with the chemical formula C10H22. Although 75 structural isomers are possible for decane, the term usually refers to the normal-decane ("n-decane"), with the formula CH3(CH2)8CH3. All isomers, however, exhibit similar properties and little attention is paid to the composition. These isomers are flammable liquids. Decane is present in small quantities (less than 1%) in gasoline (petrol) and kerosene. Like other alkanes, it is a nonpolar solvent, and does not dissolve in water, and is readily combustible. Although it is a component of fuels, it is of little importance as a chemical feedstock, unlike a handful of other alkanes.
ํ„ฐ๋ถ€ํƒˆ๋ฆฐ(terbutaline)์€ ๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ์นด๋‹(Bricanyl) ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ƒํ’ˆ๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋งค๋˜๋Š” ์•ฝ๋ฌผ๋กœ, ๋ฒ ํƒ€2 ์ž‘์šฉ์ œ์ด๋‹ค. ์ฒœ์‹ ์ฆ์ƒ์„ ์™„ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํก์ž… ์•ฝ์ œ๋กœ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ์˜คํ”„๋ผ๋ฒจ๋กœ๋Š” ์กฐ์‚ฐ์„ ๋ง‰๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ž๊ถ์ˆ˜์ถ•์–ต์ œ์ œ๋กœ๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ํ˜„์žฌ๋Š” ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด ๊ถŒ์žฅ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ๋ž˜ ํ„ฐ๋ถ€ํƒˆ๋ฆฐ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์กฐ์‚ฐ์„ 48์‹œ๊ฐ„๊นŒ์ง€ ์ง€์—ฐ์‹œํ‚จ ๋’ค, ์•„๊ธฐ์˜ ํ ์„ฑ์ˆ™๊ณผ ์กฐ์‚ฐ์˜ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ ๊ฒฝ๊ฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ฝ”๋ฅดํ‹ฐ์ฝ”์Šคํ…Œ๋กœ์ด๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์‚ฌ๋กœ ์‚ฐ๋ชจ์—๊ฒŒ ํˆฌ์—ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์‹ํ’ˆ์˜์•ฝ๊ตญ(FDA)์€ ํ„ฐ๋ถ€ํƒˆ๋ฆฐ์˜ ๋ผ๋ฒจ์— ๋ธ”๋ž™๋ฐ•์Šค ๊ฒฝ๊ณ ๋ฌธ์„ ๋ฐœ๋ นํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์‚ฌํ˜• ํ„ฐ๋ถ€ํƒˆ๋ฆฐ์€ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ์‚ฐ๋ชจ์˜ ์‹ฌ์žฅ ๋ฌธ์ œ์™€ ์‚ฌ๋ง์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ, ์กฐ์‚ฐ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์ด๋‚˜ ์กฐ์‚ฐ์„ 48~72์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ด์ƒ ์˜ค๋žœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ง€์—ฐ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ๊ตฌํ˜• ํ„ฐ๋ถ€ํƒˆ๋ฆฐ ์—ญ์‹œ ์กฐ์‚ฐ์˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ๊ณผ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ž„์‚ฐ๋ถ€์—๊ฒŒ ํˆฌ์—ฌํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ๋œ๋‹ค. ํ„ฐ๋ถ€ํƒˆ๋ฆฐ์€ 1966๋…„ ํŠนํ—ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ 1970๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์˜ํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. WHO ํ•„์ˆ˜ ์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ ๋ชฉ๋ก์— ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.
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Pyridine is an azaarene comprising a benzene core in which one -CH group is replaced by a nitrogen atom. It is the parent compound of the class pyridines. It has a role as an environmental contaminant and a NMR chemical shift reference compound. It is a mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent, a monocyclic heteroarene, an azaarene and a member of pyridines.
๊ธ€๋ฆฌํ”ผ์ง€๋“œ(์˜์–ด: glipizide)๋Š” ์ œ2ํ˜• ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์„คํฌ๋‹์œ ๋ ˆ์•„ ๊ณ„์—ด์˜ ํ•ญ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘์ œ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ธ€๋ฃจ์ฝ”ํŠธ๋กค(์˜์–ด: Glucotrol), ๋‹ค์ด๊ทธ๋ฆฐ(์˜์–ด: Digrin)์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒํ’ˆ๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋งค๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ธ€๋ฆฌํ”ผ์ง€๋“œ๋Š” ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘ ์‹์ด ๋ฐ ์šด๋™๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ธ€๋ฆฌํ”ผ์ง€๋“œ๋Š” ์ œ1ํ˜• ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋‹จ๋…์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ๊ธ€๋ฆฌํ”ผ์ง€๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๊ตฌ๋กœ ํˆฌ์—ฌ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ธ€๋ฆฌํ”ผ์ง€๋“œ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ 30๋ถ„ ์ด๋‚ด์— ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜๋ฉฐ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ํ•˜๋ฃจ ๋™์•ˆ ์ง€์†๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ฉ”์Šค๊บผ์›€, ์„ค์‚ฌ, ์ €ํ˜ˆ๋‹น, ๋‘ํ†ต ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์กธ์Œ, ํ”ผ๋ถ€ ๋ฐœ์ง„, ๋–จ๋ฆผ ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ„์ด๋‚˜ ์‹ ์žฅ ์งˆํ™˜์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ณต์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•ด์•ผ ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ž„์‹  ์ค‘์ด๋‚˜ ๋ชจ์œ  ์ˆ˜์œ  ์ค‘์—๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹๋‹ค. ๊ธ€๋ฆฌํ”ผ์ง€๋“œ๋Š” ์ด์ž(์ทŒ์žฅ)๋ฅผ ์ž๊ทนํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธ์Š๋ฆฐ์„ ๋ฐฉ์ถœํ•˜๊ณ  ์ธ์Š๋ฆฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์กฐ์ง ๋ฏผ๊ฐ์„ฑ์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘๋™ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ธ€๋ฆฌํ”ผ์ง€๋“œ๋Š” 1984๋…„์— ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์˜๋ฃŒ์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์Šน์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธ€๋ฆฌํ”ผ์ง€๋“œ๋Š” ๋ณต์ œ์•ฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. 2020๋…„์— ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ 49๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ๋งŽ์ด ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ๋˜๋Š” ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ ๊ฑด์ˆ˜๋Š” 1,300๋งŒ ๊ฑด ์ด์ƒ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.
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Triphosphoric acid is a phosphorus oxoacid and an acyclic phosphorus acid anhydride. It is a conjugate acid of a triphosphate(1-).
์‚ผ์ธ์‚ฐ(ไธ‰็‡้…ธ, ์˜์–ด: triphosphoric acid)์€ ์ธ์‚ฐ์˜ ์ถ•ํ•ฉ๋œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์ด๋ฉฐ, ํ™”ํ•™์‹์€ H5P3O10์ด๋‹ค. ์ธ์‚ฐ ๊ณ„์—ด์—์„œ ํ”ผ๋กœ์ธ์‚ฐ(H4P2O7 ๋˜๋Š” ์ด์ธ์‚ฐ) ๋‹ค์Œ์˜ ํด๋ฆฌ์ธ์‚ฐ์ด๋‹ค. ์•„๋ฐ๋…ธ์‹  ์‚ผ์ธ์‚ฐ(ATP)๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์€ ์‚ผ์ธ์‚ฐ์˜ ์—์Šคํ„ฐ์ด๋‹ค. ์‚ผ์ธ์‚ฐ์€ ๊ฒฐ์ • ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์–ป์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. H5P3O10์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์ „์ฒด ์กฐ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ํ‰ํ˜• ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์€ ์•ฝ 20%์˜ ์‚ผ์ธ์‚ฐ์„ ํ•จ์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์‚ผ์ธ์‚ฐ์˜ ์šฉ์•ก์€ 0ยฐC์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํŠธ๋ฅจ ์—ผ์ธ ์‚ผ์ธ์‚ฐ ๋‚˜ํŠธ๋ฅจ์˜ ์ด์˜จ ๊ตํ™˜์— ์˜ํ•ด ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ผ์ธ์‚ฐ์€ 5์–‘์„ฑ์ž์‚ฐ์œผ๋กœ ์—ผ๊ธฐ์„ฑ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ 5๊ฐœ์˜ ์–‘์„ฑ์ž๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ์ถœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์†Œ์Šค๋Š” ํ•ด๋‹น pKa ๊ฐ’์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค. 1.0; 2.2; 2.3; 5.7; 8.5 1.0; 2.2; 2.3; 3.7; 8.5 ์ ์Œ; ์ ์Œ; 2.30; 6.50; 9.24
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Fluconazole is a natural product found in Ganoderma gibbosum, Mirabilis jalapa, and other organisms with data available.
ํŽœํƒ€๋ฐ์ผ€์ธ(pentadecane) ๋˜๋Š” ํŽœํƒ€๋ฐ์นธ์€ ๋ถ„์ž์‹ C15H32, ์ถ•์•ฝ๊ตฌ์กฐ์‹(Condensed structural fomula) CH3(CH2)13CH3์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์•Œ์ผ€์ธ์ด๋‹ค.
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Cyclotetradecane is a cycloalkane that consists of fourteen carbons each bonded with two hydrogens. It has a role as a plant metabolite and a human metabolite.
์ด๋ถ€ํ”„๋กœํŽœ(Ibuprofen, ์ด์ „ ๋ช…์นญ: ์ด์†Œ ๋ถ€ํ‹ธ ํ”„๋กœํŒ ํŽ˜๋†€์‚ฐ)์€ ๋น„์Šคํ…Œ๋กœ์ด๋“œ ํ•ญ์—ผ์ฆ์ œ๋กœ, ์›๋ž˜ ์ƒํ‘œ๋ช…์€ ๋ถ€๋ฃจํŽœ(Brufen)์ด๋‹ค. ์ง„ํ†ต, ๊ด€์ ˆ์—ผ, ํ•ด์—ด, ํŠนํžˆ ์ฆ์ƒ์ด ์—ผ์ฆ์„ ๋™๋ฐ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ์•„์Šคํ”ผ๋ฆฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์•ฝํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐ˜๊ฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์งง๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์šฉํ˜ˆ์ž‘์šฉ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์„ธํŠธ์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธํŽœ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ, ์œ„์žฅ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ณต๋ณต์„ ํ”ผํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณต์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ์Œ์ฃผ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ๋ณต์šฉ ์‹œ ์œ„์žฅ ์ถœํ˜ˆ์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ํ”ผํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
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Dodecane is a natural product found in Camellia sinensis, Aristolochia triangularis, and other organisms with data available.
ํ”ผํ”„๋กœ๋‹์€ ํŽ˜๋‹ํ”ผ๋ผ์กธ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ์†ํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„์„ ํƒ์„ฑ ์‚ด์ถฉ์ œ์ด๋‹ค. ํ”ผํ”„๋กœ๋‹์€ GABAA ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด์˜ ๊ธ€๋ฃจํƒ์‚ฐ์—ผ์˜์กด์„ฑ ์—ผํ™”๋ฌผ(GluCl) ํ†ต๋กœ์™€ ๋ฐฐ์œ„์ž์˜์กด์„ฑ ์ด์˜จํ†ต๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ฐจ๋‹จ์‹œํ‚ด์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ณค์ถฉ์˜ ์ค‘์ถ”์‹ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ต๋ž€์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ , ๋…ธ์ถœ๋œ ๊ณค์ถฉ์˜ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ๊ทผ์œก์— ๊ณผํฅ๋ถ„์„ ์œ ๋„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ”„๋กœํ”ผ๋‹์˜ ๊ณค์ถฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ ํƒ์„ฑ์€ ๊ณค์ถฉ์˜ GABAA ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ํฌ์œ ๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ์นœํ™”๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  GluCl ํ†ต๋กœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž‘์šฉ๊ธฐ์ž‘์ด ํฌ์œ ๋ฅ˜์—์„œ๋Š” ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. 2017๋…„ ์ฆˆ์Œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, ๋ฒผ๋ฃฉ์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ํ”ผํ”„๋กœ๋‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํฐ ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‚ด์ถฉ์ œ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ”ผํ”„๋กœ๋‹์€ ์ง‘๋ฐ”ํ€ด์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ผ ๋ฐ ๋ฐ˜๋ ค๋™๋ฌผ ๋ฒผ๋ฃฉ ๋ฐฉ์ œ์šฉ ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์“ฐ์˜€์„ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์˜ฅ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๋ฐญ, ๊ณจํ”„์žฅ, ์ƒ์—… ์ž”๋””์šฉ ํ˜„์žฅ ์˜ˆ์ฐฐ๋กœ๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ(๊ณผ์šฉ)์€ ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•œ ์ฃผ์˜๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ ์šฉ ๋Œ€์ƒ์— ํŠน์ • ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚จ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋‚˜ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์— ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ ๋†’์€ ์œ ํ•ด์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€์ฐฐ์ด ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์— ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์‚ด์ถฉ์ œ ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ์˜ˆ์ฐฐ ์ค‘์ด๋‹ค.
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Acetonitrile, often abbreviated MeCN (methyl cyanide), is the chemical compound with the formula CH3CN and structure H3Cโˆ’Cโ‰กN. This colourless liquid is the simplest organic nitrile (hydrogen cyanide is a simpler nitrile, but the cyanide anion is not classed as organic). It is produced mainly as a byproduct of acrylonitrile manufacture. It is used as a polar aprotic solvent in organic synthesis and in the purification of butadiene. The Nโ‰กCโˆ’C skeleton is linear with a short Cโ‰กN distance of 1.16 ร…. Acetonitrile was first prepared in 1847 by the French chemist Jean-Baptiste Dumas.
์•„์Šคํ”ผ๋ฆฐ(Aspirin) ๋˜๋Š” ์•„์„ธํ‹ธ ์‚ด๋ฆฌ์‹ค์‚ฐ(acetylsalicylic acid, ASA)์€ ์‚ด๋ฆฌ์‹ค์‚ฐ์—ผ ์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋น„์Šคํ…Œ๋กœ์ด๋“œ์„ฑ ํ•ญ์—ผ์ฆ์ œ(NSAIDs)์˜ ์ผ์ข…์ด๋‹ค. ํ†ต์ฆ๊ณผ ์—ด์„ ์™„ํ™”์‹œ์ผœ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ง„ํ†ต์ œ, ํ•ด์—ด์ œ๋กœ ์“ฐ๊ณ , ํ•ญํ˜ˆ์ „ ํšจ๊ณผ๋„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”์–ด ์‹ฌํ˜ˆ๊ด€์งˆํ™˜์ด๋‚˜ ์‹ฌ์žฅ๋งˆ๋น„ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์•ฝ์œผ๋กœ ์žฅ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์“ฐ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์•„์Šคํ”ผ๋ฆฐ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์—ผ์ฆ์„ฑ ์งˆํ™˜์—๋Š” ๊ฐ€์™€์‚ฌํ‚ค๋ณ‘, ์‹ฌ๋ง‰์—ผ, ๋ฅ˜๋งˆํ‹ฐ์Šค์—ด ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ง„ํ†ต์ด๋‚˜ ํ•ด์—ด ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ํˆฌ์—ฌ ํ›„ 30๋ถ„ ์ •๋„ ๋งŒ์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค. ์•„์Šคํ”ผ๋ฆฐ์˜ ์ž‘์šฉ ๊ธฐ์ „์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ NSAIDs์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ˜ˆ์†ŒํŒ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์–ต์ œํ•˜๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๊ฐ๊ธฐ๋Š” 300~650 mg ์ผ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 3.1 - 3.2์‹œ๊ฐ„, 1g์ผ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 6์‹œ๊ฐ„, 2g์ผ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 9์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด๋‹ค. ํ”ํ•œ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ณตํ†ต์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ข€ ๋” ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋น„๊ต์  ๋“œ๋ฌธ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์—๋Š” ์œ„๊ถค์–‘, ์œ„์ถœํ˜ˆ, ์ฒœ์‹ ์•…ํ™” ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์Šคํ”ผ๋ฆฐ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ถœํ˜ˆ ์œ„ํ—˜์€ ๋‚˜์ด๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์Œ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ํ™˜์ž, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ NSAID๋‚˜ ํ•ญ์‘๊ณ ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ณ‘์šฉ ์ค‘์ธ ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ๋” ๋†’์•„์ง„๋‹ค. ์ž„์‹  ์ œ3์‚ผ๋ถ„๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด ๊ถŒ๊ณ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ผ์ด ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์œ„ํ—˜ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฐ์—ผ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์†Œ์•„์—์„œ๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ๊ณ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ํˆฌ์—ฌ ์‹œ ์ด๋ช…์ด ์ƒ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฒ„๋“œ๋‚˜๋ฌด์† ๋‚˜๋ฌด์˜ ๊ป์งˆ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋œ ์•„์Šคํ”ผ๋ฆฐ์˜ ์ „๊ตฌ๋ฌผ์งˆ์€ ์ตœ์†Œ 2,400๋…„ ์ „๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ์ข‹๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์–ด ์™”๋‹ค. 1853๋…„, ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์˜ ํ™”ํ•™์ž์˜€๋˜ ์ƒค๋ฅผ ํ”„๋ ˆ๋ฐ๋ฆญ ๊ฒŒ๋ผ๋ฅดํŠธ(Charles Frรฉdรฉric Gerhardt)๋Š” ์ตœ์ดˆ๋กœ ์•„์„ธํ‹ธ์‚ด๋ฆฌ์‹ค์‚ฐ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ด๋ฆฌ์‹ค์‚ฐ ๋‚˜ํŠธ๋ฅจ์„ ์—ผํ™” ์•„์„ธํ‹ธ๋กœ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ํ›„ 50๋…„๊ฐ„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ™”ํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ์•„์„ธํ‹ธ์‚ด๋ฆฌ์‹ค์‚ฐ์˜ ํ™”ํ•™์  ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐํ˜€๋‚ด๊ณ  ๋”์šฑ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ณ ์•ˆํ•ด ๋ƒˆ๋‹ค.:69โ€“75 โ€˜์•„์Šคํ”ผ๋ฆฐโ€™์€ ๋ฐ”์ด์—˜์˜ ์ƒํ‘œ๋ช…์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ๋Š” ์•„์Šคํ”ผ๋ฆฐ์„ ์•„์„ธํ‹ธ ์‚ด๋ฆฌ์‹ค์‚ฐ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€๋ฅด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์•„์Šคํ”ผ๋ฆฐ์€ ํ”„๋กœํŠธ๋กฌ๋นˆ ์ƒ์„ฑ ์–ต์ œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ํ˜ˆ์†ŒํŒ ์ œ๊ฑฐ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ•ญ์‘๊ณ  ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ˜ˆ์ „์„ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ธ‰์„ฑ ์‹ฌ์žฅ๋งˆ๋น„์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ†ต์ฆ ์–ต์ œ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ณต์šฉ์‹œ ๊ณผ๋‹ค ์ถœํ˜ˆ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
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Isocoumarin is a natural product found in Streptomyces and Tessmannia densiflora with data available.
๋กœ๋ผํƒ€๋”˜(loratadine, ์ƒํ‘œ๋ช…: Claritin ๋“ฑ)์€ ์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๋น„์—ผ, ๋‘๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ถฉํ˜ˆ ์™„ํ™”์ œ ์Šˆ๋„์—ํŽ˜๋“œ๋ฆฐ์™€ ๋ณตํ•ฉ๋œ ๋กœ๋ผํƒ€๋”˜/์Šˆ๋„์—ํŽ˜๋“œ๋ฆฐ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•์œผ๋กœ ์„ญ์ทจ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์กธ๋ฆผ, ๊ตฌ๊ฐ• ๊ฑด์กฐ, ๋‘ํ†ต์ด ํฌํ•จ๋œ๋‹ค. ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์€ ๋“œ๋ฌธ ํŽธ์ด๋ฉฐ ์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ธฐ, ๋‡Œ์ „์ฆ ๋ฐœ์ž‘, ๊ฐ„์งˆํ™˜์ด ํฌํ•จ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ž„์‹  ์ค‘์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ ํญ๋„“๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. 2์‚ด ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์˜ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ถŒ์žฅ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. H1 ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด ๋Œ€ํ•ญ์ œ ๊ณ„์—ด์˜ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์— ์†ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋กœ๋ผํƒ€๋”˜์€ 1981๋…„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ 1993๋…„ ์ƒ์šฉํ™”๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๋ฃŒ์ œ๋„์— ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ ๋ชฉ๋ก์ธ WHO ํ•„์ˆ˜ ์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ ๋ชฉ๋ก์— ๋“ฑ์žฌ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋กœ๋ผํƒ€๋”˜์€ ์ œ๋„ค๋ฆญ ์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋งคํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ์˜ ๋„๋งค๊ฐ€๋Š” 2015๋…„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ๋„์Šค ๋‹น ๋Œ€๋žต US$0.01 ~ 0.06์— ๋‹ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋‚ด์—์„œ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋งค๋œ๋‹ค.
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Furfural is an aldehyde that is furan with the hydrogen at position 2 substituted by a formyl group. It has a role as a Maillard reaction product and a metabolite. It is a member of furans and an aldehyde. It is functionally related to a furan.
ํ”„ํƒˆ์‚ฐ(์˜์–ด: phthalic acid) ๋˜๋Š” 1,2-๋ฒค์  ๋‹ค์ด์นด๋ณต์‹ค์‚ฐ(์˜์–ด: 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid)์€ ํ™”ํ•™์‹์ด C6H4(CO2H)2.์ธ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์กฑ ๋‹ค์ด์นด๋ณต์‹ค์‚ฐ์ด๋‹ค. ํ”„ํƒˆ์‚ฐ์€ ์ƒ์—…์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์œ ๋„์ฒด์ธ ํ”„ํƒˆ์‚ฐ ๋ฌด์ˆ˜๋ฌผ์€ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ๋กœ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋˜๋Š” ํ•„์ˆ˜ ํ™”ํ•™ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด๋‹ค. ํ”„ํƒˆ์‚ฐ์€ ๋ฒค์  ๋‹ค์ด์นด๋ณต์‹ค์‚ฐ์˜ 3๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์„ฑ์งˆ์ฒด๋“ค ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€๋Š” ์•„์ด์†Œํ”„ํƒˆ์‚ฐ๊ณผ ํ…Œ๋ ˆํ”„ํƒˆ์‚ฐ์ด๋‹ค.
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Acetamide is a natural product found in Convolvulus erinaceus, Haplophyllum acutifolium, and other organisms with data available.
์ง€์˜ค์Šค๋ฏผ(์˜์–ด: geosmin)์€ ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™์ ์ธ ์„ธ์Šคํ€ดํ…Œ๋ฅดํŽœ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฒŒ์˜ค์Šค๋ฏผ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ๋ถ€๋ฅธ๋‹ค. ํ™”ํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์˜ค์Šค๋ฏผ์€ ๋‘๊ณ ๋ฆฌ ์•Œ์ฝ”์˜ฌ์ด๋ฉฐ ํ™”ํ•™์‹์€ C12H22O์ด๋‹ค. ์ง€์˜ค(geo)๋Š” ๋•…์„, ์˜ค์Šค๋ฉ”(osme)๋Š” "๋ƒ„์ƒˆ"๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” 1965๋…„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์ƒํ™”ํ•™์ž ๋‚ธ์‹œ N. ๊ฑฐ๋ฒ„(!929~1985๋…„)์™€ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค๊ณ„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ž ํ—ˆ๋ฒ„ํŠธ(Hubert A. Lechevalier, 1926~2015๋…„)์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค.
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Abietic acid (also known as abietinic acid or sylvic acid) is a mild organic acid found in coniferous trees. It is a commercially important component of paints, soaps, foods, and soldering flux, and is the primary component of resin acid.
๋น„์‚ฐ(Arsenic acid)์€ ํ™”ํ•™์‹ H3AsO4์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ๋” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์“ฐ๋ฉด AsO(OH)3๋กœ ๋ช…๊ธฐํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด ๋ฌด์ƒ‰์˜ ์‚ฐ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์€ ์ธ์‚ฐ๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๋น„์†Œ์ด๋‹ค. ๋น„์‚ฐ์—ผ๊ณผ ์ธ์‚ฐ์—ผ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ํ–‰๋™์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ๋น„์‚ฐ์€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋œ ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ, ์ด์˜จํ™”๋œ ์šฉ์•ก์—์„œ๋งŒ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ์ • ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์€ 100ยฐC์—์„œ ๋ฌผ๋ฐฉ์šธ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ฑด์กฐ๋œ๋‹ค.
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Rubidium hydroxide is the inorganic compound with the formula RbOH. It consists of rubidium cations and an equal number of hydroxide anions. It is a colorless solid that is commercially available as aqueous solutions from a few suppliers. Like other strong bases, rubidium hydroxide is highly caustic. Rubidium hydroxide is formed when rubidium metal reacts with water.
2,4-๋””ํด๋กœ๋กœํŽ˜๋…น์‹œ์•„์„ธํŠธ์‚ฐ(2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, ์ด์‚ฌ๋””. ๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ 2,4-D)๋Š” ์žŽ์ด ๋„“์€ ์žก์ดˆ๋ฅผ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์“ฐ์ด๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ œ์ดˆ์ œ ๋†์•ฝ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋„๋ฆฌ ์“ฐ์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ œ์ดˆ์ œ์ด๋ฉฐ ๋ถ์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นด์—์„œ ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ๋งŽ์ด ์“ฐ์ธ๋‹ค. ์ด์‚ฌ๋””๋Š” ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ์˜ฅ์‹  (์‹๋ฌผ ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ)์ด๋ฉฐ ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‹๋ฌผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด, ๋˜ ์‹๋ฌผ ์„ธํฌ ๋ฐฐ์–‘ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ์—์„œ ์ž์ฃผ ์“ฐ์ธ๋‹ค. ์Œ๋–ก์žŽ์‹๋ฌผ์˜ ์ค„๊ธฐ ๊ผญ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์— ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋น„์ •์ƒ์ธ ์„ธํฌ ๋ถ„์—ด์„ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œ์ผœ ๋ง๋ ค ์ฃฝ์ด๋Š” ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก ์ œ์ดˆ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ํ˜„์ €ํ•˜๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ, ๋ฒผ๊ณผ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์™ธ๋–ก์žŽ์‹๋ฌผ์—๋Š” ๋ณ„๋กœ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ (์„ ํƒ์„ฑ ์ œ์ดˆ์ œ), ๋…ผ์ด๋‚˜ ์ž”๋””์˜ ์ œ์ดˆ์— ๋„“๊ฒŒ ์ด์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ์ดˆ์ œ๋กœ์„œ ์‹œํŒ๋  ๋•Œ, ๋ฌด๊ธฐ์—ผ๋ฅ˜(๋‚˜ํŠธ๋ฅจ ์—ผ๋ฅ˜ ๋“ฑ)๋‚˜ ์œ ๊ธฐ์—ผ๋ฅ˜(์•„๋ฏผ ์—ผ๋ฅ˜), ๋ฐ ์—์Šคํ…Œ๋ฅด์˜ ์ œ์žฌ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์ง„๋‹ค.
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Fluconazole is a member of the class of triazoles that is propan-2-ol substituted at position 1 and 3 by 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl groups and at position 2 by a 2,4-difluorophenyl group. It is an antifungal drug used for the treatment of mucosal candidiasis and for systemic infections including systemic candidiasis, coccidioidomycosis, and cryptococcosis. It has a role as a P450 inhibitor, an environmental contaminant and a xenobiotic. It is a difluorobenzene, a conazole antifungal drug, a triazole antifungal drug and a tertiary alcohol. It is functionally related to a 1,3-difluorobenzene. It derives from a hydride of a 1H-1,2,4-triazole.
์˜ฅ์‚ฌ์‹ค๋ฆฐ(oxacillin)์€ MRSA๊ฐ™์€ ํŽ˜๋‹ˆ์‹ค๋ฆฐ ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ ํฌ๋„์•Œ๊ท ์˜ ๋Œ€์ฒด ๊ฒฝ๊ตฌ ์š”๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ํŽ˜๋‹ˆ์‹ค๋ฆฐ์ด๋‹ค. 1960๋…„ ํŠนํ—ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ 1962๋…„ ์˜ํ•™์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์Šน์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
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Timolol is 1,2,5-Thiadiazole substituted at the 3 position by a 3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy group and at the 4 position by a morpholin-4-yl group. The (S)-(-) enantiomer, also known as timolol, is a beta-adrenergic antagonist and is used in the mangement of glaucoma, hypertension, angina pectoris and myocardial infarction, and for the prevention of migraine. It is a member of thiadiazoles and a member of morpholines. It derives from a hydride of a 1,2,5-thiadiazole.
์‹ธ์ด์˜ค๋‹Œ(Thionine)์€ ์ƒค๋ฅผ ๋กœํŠธ(Charles Lauth)๊ฐ€ ์ฒ˜์Œ ํ•ฉ์„ฑํ•œ ๋ณด๋ผ์ƒ‰ ์—ผ๋ฃŒ๋‹ค. ๋™๋ช…์˜ 9์›์ž ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ ํ—คํ…Œ๋กœ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ด€๊ณ„ ์—†๋‹ค.
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Tungstate is a divalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of both protons from tungstic acid. It is a divalent inorganic anion and a tungsten oxoanion. It is a conjugate base of a hydrogentungstate.
ํŽœํƒ€๋‹(์˜์–ด: fentanyl ๋˜๋Š” fentanil)์€ ์˜คํ”ผ์˜ค์ด๋“œ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๋งˆ์•ฝ์„ฑ ์ง„ํ†ต์ œ๋กœ, ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ์˜คํ”ผ์˜ค์ด๋“œ๊ณ„ ๋ชจ๋ฅดํ•€๋ณด๋‹ค 100๋ฐฐ ์ด์ƒ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ํ—ค๋กœ์ธ๋ณด๋‹ค 50๋ฐฐ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๋‹ค. ํ˜ธํก ์–ต์ œ ์ž‘์šฉ์ด ์•ฝํ•ด ๋งˆ์ทจ ๋ณด์กฐ์ œ๋‚˜ ์ง„ํ†ต์ œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์•ฝํšจ๋Š” 1~2์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด๋‹ค. ๋ง๊ธฐ ์•” ํ™˜์ž์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ํ†ต์ฆ์„ ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋งˆ์•ฝ์„ฑ ์ง„ํ†ต์ œ๋‹ค. ํ”ผ๋ถ€์— ๋ถ™์—ฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํŒจ์น˜๋กœ๋„ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ทธ ์–‘์€ ๋ฏธ์„ธํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์ ˆ๋œ๋‹ค. ํŽœํƒ€๋‹์€ ์ค‘๋…์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ธ๋„ 2mg์˜ ๊ทน์†Œ๋Ÿ‰๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ง์— ์ด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ ์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ ์˜ค๋ฝ์šฉ ๋งˆ์•ฝ์œผ๋กœ ํผ์ง€๋ฉด์„œ ์˜ค๋‚จ์šฉ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๊ฐ€ ๊ธ‰์ฆํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, 2021๋…„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ํŽœํƒ€๋‹์€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ณผ๋‹ค๋ณต์šฉ ์‚ฌ๋ง์ž๋ฅผ ๋‚ธ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์ด์—ˆ๊ณ  ํ•œ ํ•ด ๋™์•ˆ๋งŒ 7๋งŒ ๋ช…์ด ๋„˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ํŽœํƒ€๋‹ ๊ณผ๋‹ค๋ณต์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋งํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ง‘๊ณ„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
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3-phospho-D-glyceric acid is the D-enantiomer of 3-phosphoglyceric acid It has a role as an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is functionally related to a D-glyceric acid. It is a conjugate acid of a 3-phosphonato-D-glycerate(3-).
๋ฆฌ์„œํ•€(Reserpine)์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‹ฐ์•„์ง€๋“œ(Thiazide) ์ด๋‡จ์ œ ๋˜๋Š” ํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ํ™•์žฅ์ œ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ณ ํ˜ˆ์•• ์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์ž„์ƒ ์‹œํ—˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ๋ฆฌ์„œํ•€๊ณผ ํ‹ฐ์•„์ง€๋“œ ์ด๋‡จ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ณ‘์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ณ ํ˜ˆ์•• ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ์žˆ๋‹ค. 1955๋…„์— FDA์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ฒ˜์Œ ์Šน์ธ๋œ ์ดํ›„ ๋ฆฌ์„œํ•€์„ ๋‹จ๋… ์•ฝ๋ฌผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค„์–ด๋“ค์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ฆฌ๋ทฐ๋Š” ๋จผ์ € ํ˜ˆ์••์„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฆฌ์„œํ•€๊ณผ ํ‹ฐ์•„์ง€๋“œ ์ด๋‡จ์ œ ๋˜๋Š” ํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ํ™•์žฅ์ œ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ๊ถŒ์žฅํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฆฌ์„œํ•€-ํžˆ๋“œ๋กœํด๋กœ๋กœํ‹ฐ์•„์ง€๋“œ(Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ) ์ฝค๋ณด ์•Œ์•ฝ์€ 2012๋…„ ๊ธฐ์ค€ ์ด์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ 43๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ๊ณ ํ˜ˆ์••์ œ ์•Œ์•ฝ ์ค‘ 17๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
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Atomoxetine, sold under the brand name Strattera among others, is a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (sNRI) medication used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and, to a lesser extent, cognitive disengagement syndrome (CDS). It may be used alone or along with stimulant medication. It enhances the executive functions of self-motivation, sustained attention, inhibition, working memory, reaction time, and emotional self-regulation. Use of atomoxetine is only recommended for those who are at least six years old. It is taken orally. The effectiveness of atomoxetine is comparable to the commonly prescribed stimulant medication methylphenidate. Common side effects of atomoxetine include abdominal pain, decreased appetite, nausea, feeling tired, and dizziness. Serious side effects may include angioedema, liver problems, stroke, psychosis, heart problems, suicide, and aggression. There is a lack of data regarding its safety during pregnancy; as of 2019, its safety during pregnancy and for use during breastfeeding is not certain. It was approved for medical use in the United States in 2002. In 2022, it was the 213th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 1 million prescriptions.
์นดํ…Œ์ฝœ(Catechol)์€ ํด๋กœ๋กœํŽ˜๋†€์˜ ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ์„ฑ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์•ก์„ ์•ฝ 200โ„ƒ ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์—ดํ•˜๋ฉด ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ง„ ํ˜„์ƒ์•ก์˜ ์ฃผ์„ฑ๋ถ„์ด๋ฉฐ, ์‚ฐํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ๋‹ค. ๋ฌด์ƒ‰์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์œผ๋กœ ๋“๋Š”์  245โ„ƒ, ๋…น๋Š”์  105โ„ƒ์ด๋‹ค. ํ”ผ๋กœ์นดํ…Œ์ฝœ, ๋ธŒ๋ Œ์ธ ์นดํ…Œํ‚จ, ๋‹ค์ดํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋ก์‹œ๋ฒค์  ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
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Cyanamide is an organic compound with the formula CN2H2. This white solid is widely used in agriculture and the production of pharmaceuticals and other organic compounds. It is also used as an alcohol-deterrent drug. The molecule features a nitrile group attached to an amino group. Derivatives of this compound are also referred to as cyanamides, the most common being calcium cyanamide (CaCN2).
ํ”Œ๋ฃจ์˜ฅ์„ธํ‹ด(Fluoxetine)์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ผ๋ผ์ด ๋ฆด๋ฆฌ ์•ค๋“œ ์ปดํผ๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์—ฌ, ํ”„๋กœ์ž‘(Prozac)์ด๋ž€ ์ด๋ฆ„์œผ๋กœ ๋„๋ฆฌ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ ํƒ์  ์„ธ๋กœํ† ๋‹Œ ์žฌํก์ˆ˜ ์–ต์ œ์ œ ๊ณ„์—ด์˜ ํ•ญ์šฐ์šธ์ œ์ด๋‹ค. ํ™”ํ•™ ๊ณต์‹์€ C17H18F3NO์ด๋‹ค. ํ”Œ๋ฃจ์˜ฅ์„ธํ‹ด์€ ์šฐ์šธ์ฆ, ๊ฐ•๋ฐ• ์žฅ์• , ํญ์‹์ฆ, ๊ณตํ™ฉ์žฅ์• , ์›”๊ฒฝ ์ „ ๋ถˆ์พŒ์žฅ์• (PMDD)์˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ๋„๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค.
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Ergometrine is a natural product found in Balansia claviceps, Balansia epichloe, and other organisms with data available.
๊ณผ์—ผ์†Œ์‚ฐ์—ผ(้Ž้นฝ็ด ้…ธ้นฝ, perchlorate)์€ ๊ณผ์—ผ์†Œ์‚ฐ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋œ ์—ผ์„ ๋œปํ•˜๋Š” ์šฉ์–ด๋กœ, ๊ณผ์—ผ์†Œ์‚ฐ ์ด์˜จ(ClO4-)์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. 1940๋…„๋Œ€ ์ค‘๋ฐ˜์— ์ฒ˜์Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๊ณ , ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ์šฉ ํญ๋ฐœ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๋กœ์ผ“ ์ถ”์ง„์ œ์— ์ฃผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ถˆ๊ฝƒ๋†€์ด์šฉ ํญ๋ฐœ๋ฌผ, ๊ธฐํญ์ œ, ์„ฑ๋ƒฅ, ์œคํ™œ์œ , ์—์–ด๋ฐฑ๊ณผ ํŠน์ • ๋น„๋ฃŒ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์–ด์™”๊ณ , ์ „์ž๊ด€๋ จ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๊ณต์ •์—์„œ ๋ถ€์‚ฐ๋ฌผ๋กœ๋„ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ณผ์—ผ์†Œ์‚ฐ์—ผ์€ ๊ฐ‘์ƒ์„ ์•” ๋“ฑ ๊ฐ์ข… ์•”์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๋…์„ฑ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
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Prednisolone is a corticosteroid, a steroid hormone used to treat certain types of allergies, inflammatory conditions, autoimmune disorders, and cancers. Some of these conditions include adrenocortical insufficiency, high blood calcium, rheumatoid arthritis, dermatitis, eye inflammation, asthma, and multiple sclerosis. It can be taken by mouth, injected into a vein, used topically as a skin cream, or as eye drops. It differs from the similarly named prednisone in having a hydroxyl at the 11th carbon instead of a ketone. Common side effects with short-term use include nausea, difficulty concentrating, insomnia, increased appetite, and fatigue. More severe side effects include psychiatric problems, which may occur in about 5% of people. Common side effects with long-term use include bone loss, weakness, yeast infections, and easy bruising. While short-term use in the later part of pregnancy is safe, long-term use or use in early pregnancy is occasionally associated with harm to the baby. It is a glucocorticoid made from hydrocortisone (cortisol). Prednisolone was discovered and approved for medical use in 1955. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. It is available as a generic drug. In 2022, it was the 136th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 4 million prescriptions.
์•„์ด์†Œ๋งํ† ์Šค(์˜์–ด: isomaltose)๋Š” ๋งํ† ์Šค(์—ฟ๋‹น)์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ฮฑ(1โ†’4) ๊ธ€๋ฆฌ์ฝ”์‚ฌ์ด๋“œ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ๋Œ€์‹ ์— ฮฑ(1โ†’6) ๊ธ€๋ฆฌ์ฝ”์‚ฌ์ด๋“œ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด๋‹น๋ฅ˜์ด๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‹จ์œ„์ฒด๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ”ผ๋ผ๋…ธ์Šค ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ๊ธ€๋ฃจ์ฝ”์Šค(ํฌ๋„๋‹น)์ด๋‹ค. ์•„์ด์†Œ๋งํ† ์Šค๋Š” ํ™˜์›๋‹น์ด๋‹ค. ์•„์ด์†Œ๋งํ† ์Šค๋Š” ํšจ์†Œ๋‹นํ™”๋ฌผ์—ฟ(high maltose syrup)์ด ํŠธ๋žœ์Šค๊ธ€๋ฃจ์ฝ”์‹œ๋ฐ์ด์Šค๋กœ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋  ๋•Œ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์•„์ด์†Œ๋งํ† ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋‹น ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์˜ ์ฃผ์„ฑ๋ถ„ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๋‹ค. ์•„์ด์†Œ๋งํ† ์Šค๋Š” ๊ธ€๋ฃจ์ฝ”์Šค์˜ ์บ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉœํ™”์˜ ์‚ฐ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค.
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Homogentisic acid is a dihydroxyphenylacetic acid having the two hydroxy substituents at the 2- and 5-positions. It has a role as a human metabolite and a plant metabolite. It is a dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and a member of hydroquinones. It is functionally related to a phenylacetic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a homogentisate.
ํŒŒํˆด๋ฆฐ์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ณฐํŒก์ด์—์„œ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์ง„๊ท ๋…์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ, ์ฃผ๋กœ Aspergillus์†๊ณผ Penicillium์†์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŒŒํˆด๋ฆฐ์€ ์ฉ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๊ณผ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ƒํ’ˆ ์‚ฌ๊ณผ์—์„œ ํŒŒํˆด๋ฆฐ์˜ ์–‘์„ ์‚ฌ๊ณผ์˜ ์งˆ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ํŒŒํˆด๋ฆฐ์€ ํŠน๋ณ„ํžˆ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๋…์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋™๋ฌผ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋ฐํ˜€๋‚ด์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์„ธํฌ๋…์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ํŒŒํˆด๋ฆฐ์ด ๋ฐœ์•” ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ ํŒŒํˆด๋ฆฐ์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๊ณผ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์—์„œ ํŒŒํˆด๋ฆฐ ์–‘์— ์ œํ•œ์„ ๋‘์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋ณด๊ฑด ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๊ณผ ์ฃผ์Šค์— ํŒŒํˆด๋ฆฐ์ด ๋ฆฌํ„ฐ ๋‹น 50ยตg์„ ๋„˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ๊ถŒ์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ์—ฐํ•ฉ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๊ณผ ์ฃผ์Šค์™€ ์‚ฌ์ด๋‹ค์— ํ‚ฌ๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๋‹น 50ยตg์œผ๋กœ ์ œํ•œํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๊ณผ๋Š” ํ‚ฌ๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๋‹น 25ยตg์œผ๋กœ, ์œ ์•„์™€ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ํ‚ฌ๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๋‹น 10ยตg์œผ๋กœ ์ œํ•œํ–ˆ๊ณ , ์ด๋Š” 2003๋…„ 11์›”๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œํ–‰ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
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Atrazine is a chlorinated herbicide of the triazine class. It is used to prevent pre-emergence broadleaf weeds in crops such as maize (corn), soybean and sugarcane and on turf, such as golf courses and residential lawns. Atrazine's primary manufacturer is Syngenta and it is one of the most widely used herbicides in the United States, Canadian, and Australian agriculture. Its use was banned in the European Union in 2004, when the EU found groundwater levels exceeding the limits set by regulators, and Syngenta could not show that this could be prevented nor that these levels were safe. At least two significant Canadian farm well studies showed that atrazine was the most common contaminant found. As of 2001, atrazine was the most commonly detected pesticide contaminating drinking water in the U.S.:โ€Š44โ€Š Studies suggest it is an endocrine disruptor, an agent that can alter the natural hormonal system. However, in 2006 the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) had stated that under the Food Quality Protection Act "the risks associated with the pesticide residues pose a reasonable certainty of no harm", and in 2007, the EPA said that atrazine does not adversely affect amphibian sexual development and that no additional testing was warranted. The EPA's 2009 review concluded that "the agency's scientific bases for its regulation of atrazine are robust and ensure prevention of exposure levels that could lead to reproductive effects in humans". However, in their 2016 Refined Ecological Risk Assessment for Atrazine, it was stated that "it is difficult to make definitive conclusions about the impact of atrazine at a given concentration but multiple studies have reported effects to various endpoints at environmentally-relevant concentrations." EPA started a registration review in 2013. The EPA's review has been criticized, and the safety of atrazine remains controversial. EPA has however stated that "If at any time EPA determines there are urgent human or environmental risks from atrazine exposure that require prompt attention, we will take appropriate regulatory action, regardless of the status of the registration review process."
๋ฌด์ˆ˜ ํ”„ํƒˆ์‚ฐ ๋˜๋Š” ํ”„ํƒˆ์‚ฐ ๋ฌด์ˆ˜๋ฌผ(Phthalic anhydride)์€ ํ™”ํ•™์‹ C8H4O3์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์œ ๊ธฐ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ํ”„ํƒˆ์‚ฐ์˜ ๋ฌด์ˆ˜๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฌด์ˆ˜ํ”„ํƒˆ์‚ฐ์€ ํ”„ํƒˆ์‚ฐ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์ƒ์—…์  ํ˜•ํƒœ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ƒ์—…์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ๋””์นด๋ฅด๋ณต์‹ค์‚ฐ ๋ฌด์ˆ˜๋ฌผ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ํฐ์ƒ‰ ๊ณ ์ฒด๋Š” ํŠนํžˆ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ์šฉ ๊ฐ€์†Œ์ œ์˜ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‚ฐ์—…์šฉ ํ™”ํ•™๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด๋‹ค. 2000๋…„ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋Ÿ‰์€ ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ์•ฝ 300๋งŒ ํ†ค์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์‚ฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
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Etoposide is a beta-D-glucoside, a furonaphthodioxole and an organic heterotetracyclic compound. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent and a DNA synthesis inhibitor. It is functionally related to a podophyllotoxin and a 4'-demethylepipodophyllotoxin.
์•„์ค„๋ Œ(Azulene)์€ 7๊ฐํ˜•๊ณผ 5๊ฐํ˜• ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ™์–ด์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์กฑ ํƒ„ํ™”์ˆ˜์†Œ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํ”„ํƒˆ๋ Œ์˜ ์ด์„ฑ์งˆ์ฒด๋‹ค. ํฐ ์Œ๊ทน์ž ๋ชจ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠน์œ ์˜ ์ƒ๊น€์ƒˆ๋กœ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์กฑ ์œ ๊ธฐํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ธ์ง€ ํ—ท๊ฐˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ 10๊ฐœ์˜ ํŒŒ์ด ์ „์ž๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์กฑ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์ค„๋ Œ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ด๋ฆ„์€ ํ‘ธ๋ฅธ์ƒ‰์„ ๋œปํ•˜๋Š” ์ด๋ฆ„ ์•„์ค„๊ณผ ์ ‘๋‘์‚ฌ ์•Œ์ผ„์ผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ™์€ ์ด๋ฆ„์ด๋‹ค. ๋…น๋Š”์  99 ยฐC, ๋“๋Š”์  221 ยฐC์ด๋ฉฐ ์ง„์ฒญ์ƒ‰ ํ˜น์€ ๋ณด๋ผ์ƒ‰์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ์‚ฐ์ถœ ๋œ๋‹ค.
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Diazepam, sold under the brand name Valium among others, is a medicine of the benzodiazepine family that acts as an anxiolytic. It is used to treat a range of conditions, including anxiety, seizures, alcohol withdrawal syndrome, muscle spasms, insomnia, and restless legs syndrome. It may also be used to cause memory loss during certain medical procedures. It can be taken orally (by mouth), as a suppository inserted into the rectum, intramuscularly (injected into muscle), intravenously (injection into a vein) or used as a nasal spray. When injected intravenously, effects begin in one to five minutes and last up to an hour. When taken by mouth, effects begin after 15 to 60 minutes. Common side effects include sleepiness and trouble with coordination. Serious side effects are rare. They include increased risk of suicide, decreased breathing, and an increased risk of seizures if used too frequently in those with epilepsy. Occasionally, excitement or agitation may occur. Long-term use can result in tolerance, dependence, and withdrawal symptoms on dose reduction. Abrupt stopping after long-term use can be potentially dangerous. After stopping, cognitive problems may persist for six months or longer. It is not recommended during pregnancy or breastfeeding. Its mechanism of action works by increasing the effect of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Diazepam was patented in 1959 by Hoffmann-La Roche. It has been one of the most frequently prescribed medications in the world since its launch in 1963. In the United States it was the best-selling medication between 1968 and 1982, selling more than 2 billion tablets in 1978 alone. In 2022, it was the 169th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 3 million prescriptions. In 1985, the patent ended, and there are more than 500 brands available on the market. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.
์„ธ๋ฅจ(๋ฌธํ™”์–ด: ์„ธ๋ฆฌ์›€โ†์˜์–ด: Cerium ์‹œ์–ด๋ฆฌ์—„[*])์€ ํ™”ํ•™ ์›์†Œ๋กœ ๊ธฐํ˜ธ๋Š” Ce(โ†๋ผํ‹ด์–ด: Cerium ์ผ€๋ฆฌ์›€[*]), ์›์ž ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ๋Š” 58์ด๋‹ค. ์„ธ๋ฅจ์€ ์€์ƒ‰์„ ๋„๋ฉฐ ์—ฐ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌด๋ฅธ ๊ธˆ์†์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต๊ธฐ ์ค‘์—์„œ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์‚ฐํ™”ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์„ธ๋ฅจ์€ ์ง€๊ฐ ์ „์ฒด์˜ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ์—์„œ 0.0046% ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜์—ฌ ํฌํ† ๋ฅ˜ ์›์†Œ ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ”ํ•œ ์›์†Œ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋‚˜์ž์ดํŠธ์—์„œ ์ถ”์ถœํ•œ๋‹ค. ์„ธ๋ฅจ์€ ์œ ๋ฆฌ์— ์ƒ‰์„ ์ž…ํž ๋•Œ ์ด‰๋งค๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ ํ˜•๊ด‘๋“ฑ์˜ ์ธ๊ด‘๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ๋„ํฌํ•  ๋•Œ๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ์„ธ๋ฅจยท๋ž€ํƒ€๋„˜ ํ•ฉ๊ธˆ์œผ๋กœ ํƒ„ํ™˜์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ์˜ˆ๊ด‘ํƒ„์œผ๋กœ ์“ฐ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
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Dimethylamine is a secondary aliphatic amine where both N-substituents are methyl. It has a role as a metabolite. It is a secondary aliphatic amine and a member of methylamines. It is a conjugate base of a dimethylaminium.
๋ธŒ๋ผ์‹œ๋†€๋ผ์ด๋“œ(brassinolide)๋Š” ์‹๋ฌผ ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹ค. ์ง€์ƒ๋ถ€ ์„ฑ์žฅ ์ด‰์ง„, ์—ฝ์‹  ๊ตด๊ณก ์ด‰์ง„, ๋ถ€์ •๊ทผ ํ˜•์„ฑ ์ €ํ•ด, ๊ณผ์‹ค ์„ฑ์žฅ ์ด‰์ง„, ๋…ธํ™” ์ด‰์ง„, ๊ฐ์ข… ์žฅ์• ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‚ด์„ฑ ํšจ๊ณผ, ์ค„๊ธฐ์˜ ์ƒ์žฅ์—์„œ ํŠนํžˆ ์˜ฅ์‹ ์˜ ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ๋•๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ธก๋˜๋ฉฐ ์–‘์ƒ์ถ”, ๊ฐ•๋‚ญ์ฝฉ, ๊ฐ์ž ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋Ÿ‰ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒœ์—ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋˜๋Š” ์–‘์€ ์•„์ฃผ ์ ์–ด ํ™”ํ•™ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ.
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Piperidine is an organic compound with the molecular formula (CH2)5NH. This heterocyclic amine consists of a six-membered ring containing five methylene bridges (โ€“CH2โ€“) and one amine bridge (โ€“NHโ€“). It is a colorless liquid with an odor described as objectionable, typical of amines. The name comes from the genus name Piper, which is the Latin word for pepper. Although piperidine is a common organic compound, it is best known as a representative structure element within many pharmaceuticals and alkaloids, such as natural-occurring solenopsins.
์•Œ๋ผ๋‹Œ(์˜์–ด: alanine) (๊ธฐํ˜ธ: Ala ๋˜๋Š” A)์€ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์˜ ์ƒํ•ฉ์„ฑ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ฮฑ-์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‚ฐ์ด๋‹ค. ์•Œ๋ผ๋‹Œ์€ ฮฑ-์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ๊ธฐ(์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ์–‘์„ฑ์žํ™”๋œ โˆ’NH3+ ํ˜•ํƒœ), ฮฑ-์นด๋ณต์‹ค๊ธฐ(์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ํƒˆ์–‘์„ฑ์žํ™”๋œ โˆ’COOโˆ’ ํ˜•ํƒœ) ๋ฐ ๊ณ์‚ฌ์Šฌ์ธ ๋ฉ”ํ‹ธ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œ๋ผ๋‹Œ์˜ IUPAC ๊ณ„ํ†ต๋ช…์€ 2-์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธํ”„๋กœํŒ์‚ฐ(์˜์–ด: 2-aminopropanoic acid)์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋น„๊ทน์„ฑ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์กฑ ฮฑ-์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‚ฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋œ๋‹ค. ์•Œ๋ผ๋‹Œ์€ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์‹๋‹จ์— ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„๋„ ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค. ์•Œ๋ผ๋‹Œ์€ GC๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฝ”๋ˆ(GCU, GCC, GCA, GCG)์— ์˜ํ•ด ์•”ํ˜ธํ™”๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. L-์•Œ๋ผ๋‹Œ์€ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. L-์•Œ๋ผ๋‹Œ์€ 1,150์ข…์˜ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์—์„œ 1์ฐจ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ 7.8%์˜ ๋นˆ๋„๋กœ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๋ฅ˜์‹ ์— ์ด์€ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ๋†’์€ ๋นˆ๋„์ด๋‹ค. D-์•Œ๋ผ๋‹Œ์€ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์„ธ๊ท ์˜ ์„ธํฌ๋ฒฝ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ํด๋ฆฌํŽฉํƒ€์ด๋“œ์™€ ์ผ๋ถ€ ํŽฉํƒ€์ด๋“œ ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฐ‘๊ฐ๋ฅ˜ ๋ฐ ์—ฐ์ฒด๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ์กฐ์ง์—์„œ ์‚ผํˆฌ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅํ•œ๋‹ค.
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Hydrazine is an azane and a member of hydrazines. It has a role as an EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor. It is a conjugate base of a hydrazinium(1+). It is a conjugate acid of a hydrazinide.
ํŽ˜๋ฃฐ์‚ฐ(Ferulic acid)์€ ํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋ก์‹œ์‹ ๋‚จ์‚ฐ ์œ ๋„์ฒด์ด์ž ํŽ˜๋†€์„ฑ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ํ™”ํ•™์‹ (CH3O)HOC6H3CH=CHCO2H๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์œ ๊ธฐ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฆ„์€ ์•„์œ„์†(Ferula)์—์„œ ์œ ๋ž˜๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํŽ˜๋†€๋ฅ˜ ์‹๋ฌผํ™”ํ•™๋ฌผ์งˆ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋˜๋Š” ํŽ˜๋ฃฐ์‚ฐ์€ ํ˜ธ๋ฐ•์ƒ‰ ๊ณ ์ฒด์ด๋‹ค. ํŽ˜๋ฃฐ์‚ฐ์˜ ์—์Šคํ…Œ๋ฅด๋Š” ์‹๋ฌผ ์„ธํฌ๋ฒฝ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์•„๋ผ๋น„๋…ธ์ž์ผ๋ž€๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ—ค๋ฏธ์…€๋ฃฐ๋กœ์Šค์— ๊ณต์œ  ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŽ˜๋ฃฐ์‚ฐ์—์„œ ํŒŒ์ƒ๋œ ์—ผ๊ณผ ์—์Šคํ…Œ๋ฅด๋ฅผ ํŽ˜๋ฃฐ์‚ฐ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค.
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Tetradecane is an alkane hydrocarbon with the chemical formula CH3(CH2)12CH3. Tetradecane has 1858 structural isomers.
๋Œ‘์†(dapsone) ๋˜๋Š” DDS(diaminodiphenyl sulfone)์€ ๋‚˜๋ณ‘ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฆฌํŒœํ”ผ์‹ ๊ณผ ํด๋กœํŒŒ์ง€๋ฏผ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ”ํžˆ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‰ด๋จธ์‹œ์Šคํ‹ฐ์Šค์„ฑ ํ๋ ด์˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ๋ฐ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ†ก์†Œํ”Œ๋ผ์Šค๋งˆ์ฆ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ(๋ฉด์—ญ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ์ €ํ•˜๋œ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ)์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ถ€์ฐจ์  ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆ„, ํฌ์ง„์„ฑํ”ผ๋ถ€์—ผ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ํ”ผ๋ถ€ ์งˆํ™˜์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ‘์†์€ ๊ตญ์†Œ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋‚˜ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•์œผ๋กœ ํˆฌ์—ฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ํ˜ˆ๊ตฌ ๊ฐ์†Œ, ์šฉํ˜ˆ ๋ฐ˜์‘(ํŠนํžˆ ํฌ๋„๋‹น-6-์ธ์‚ฐํƒˆ์ˆ˜์†Œํšจ์†Œ ๊ฒฐํ• (G-6-PD) ํ™˜์ž์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ) ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณผ๋ฏผ๋ฐ˜์‘์ด ํฌํ•จ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ฉ”์Šค๊บผ์›€, ์‹์š• ๋ถ€์ง„์ด ํฌํ•จ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๋ฐ–์˜ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ฐ„์—ผ, ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ํ”ผ๋ถ€ ๋ฐœ์ง„์ด ํฌํ•จ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ž„์‹  ์ค‘ ๋ณต์šฉ ์‹œ ์•ˆ์ „์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ฐํ˜€์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ, ์ผ๋ถ€ ์˜์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ๋‚˜๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ณ„์† ๋ณต์šฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ถŒ๊ณ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ˆ ํฐ๊ณ„์— ์†ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋Œ‘์†์€ 1937๋…„ ํ•ญ์ƒ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋กœ์„œ ์ฒ˜์Œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋ณ‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์€ 1945๋…„ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๋ฃŒ์ œ๋„์— ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ ๋ชฉ๋ก์ธ WHO ํ•„์ˆ˜ ์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ ๋ชฉ๋ก์— ๋“ฑ์žฌ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•์œผ๋กœ ์„ญ์ทจํ•˜๋Š” ์ œํ’ˆ์€ ์ œ๋„ค๋ฆญ ์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋งค๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ๋‹ค์ง€ ๋น„์‹ธ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค.
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Trimellitic anhydride is a 2-benzofuran compound having oxo groups at the 1- and 3-positions and a carboxy substituent at the 5-position; the cyclic anhydride formed from the carboxy groups at the 1- and 2-positions of trimellitic acid. It has a role as an epitope, an allergen and a hapten. It is a cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride, a dioxo monocarboxylic acid and a member of 2-benzofurans. It is functionally related to a phthalic anhydride and a trimellitic acid.
ํŽ˜๋…ธ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๋น„ํ†ค(phenobarbitone) ๋˜๋Š” ํŽ˜๋…ธ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๋ธŒ๋กœ(phenobarb)๋„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ํŽ˜๋…ธ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๋น„ํƒˆ(Phenobarbital)์€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ์˜ ํŠน์ • ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ๊ฐ„์งˆ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋ณด๊ฑด๊ธฐ๊ตฌ (WHO)์—์„œ ๊ถŒ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ํ•„์ˆ˜ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ์„ ์ง„๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์•„์ด์˜ ๋ฐœ์ž‘์„ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋ฉฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ดํ›„ ์—ฐ๋ น๋Œ€์—์„œ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์™€ ์„ฑ์ธ์—๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ •๋งฅ ์ฃผ์‚ฌ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ทผ์œก์— ์ฃผ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ตฌ์šฉ์€ ์ž…์œผ๋กœ ๋ณต์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์‚ฌ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋Š” ๊ฐ„์งˆ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŽ˜๋…ธ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๋น„ํƒˆ์€ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด ์žฅ์• , ๋ถˆ์•ˆ ๋ฐ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ ๋ณ‘์šฉ์—์„œ ๋ณต์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ฐ์•ˆํ•˜์—ฌ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์„ ๋•๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณดํ†ต ์ •๋งฅ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด 5 ๋ถ„, ๊ฒฝ๊ตฌ๋กœ ํˆฌ์—ฌํ•˜๋ฉด 30 ๋ถ„ ์•ˆ์— ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” 4 ์‹œ๊ฐ„์—์„œ 2์ผ ๋™์•ˆ ์ง€์†๋˜๋Š”๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋œ๋ฐ”์žˆ๋‹ค.
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Glutamate-1-semialdehyde is a natural product found in Daphnia pulex with data available.
์•Œ๋ฆฌ์‹ (Allicin)์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜์‘์ค‘์—๋Š” ํ•ญ๊ท  ๋ฐ ์‚ด๊ท ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์œ ํ•ด๊ท  ์ฆ์‹์„ ์–ต์ œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œ๋ฆฌ์‹ ์€ ์„ธ๊ท ์˜ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์„ ๋ถ„ํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ์„ฑ์งˆ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์•Œ๋ฆฌ์‹ ์ด ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋Œ€์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๋ถ„ํ•ด๋  ๋•Œ ์„คํŽœ์‚ฐ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์„ฑ๋ถ„์ด ์ƒ์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค.
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2-oxoadipic acid is an oxo dicarboxylic acid that is adipic acid substituted by an oxo group at position 2. It has a role as a mouse metabolite and a human urinary metabolite. It is functionally related to an adipic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a 2-oxoadipate(2-).
๋ฐ”๋‹๋ฆฐ(vanillin)์€ C8H8O3 ๋ถ„์ž์‹์˜ ์œ ๊ธฐ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ์ž‘์šฉ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์•Œ๋ฐํ•˜์ด๋“œ, ํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋ก์‹œ๊ธฐ, ์—ํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋‹๋ผ์ฝฉ ์ถ”์ถœ๋ฌผ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ์ด๋‹ค. ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ๋ฐ”๋‹๋ฆฐ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์Œ์‹, ์Œ๋ฃŒ, ์•ฝ์ œ์˜ ํ–ฅ๋ฏธ์ œ๋กœ์„œ ์ฒœ์—ฐ ๋ฐ”๋‹๋ผ ์ถ”์ถœ๋ฌผ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ž์ฃผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒœ์—ฐ ๋ฐ”๋‹๋ผ ์ถ”์ถœ์•ก์€ ๋ฐ”๋‹๋ฆฐ ์™ธ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ด ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
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Calcium hypochlorite is an inorganic compound with chemical formula Ca(ClO)2, also written as Ca(OCl)2. It is a white solid, although commercial samples appear yellow. It strongly smells of chlorine, owing to its slow decomposition in moist air. This compound is relatively stable as a solid and solution and has greater available chlorine than sodium hypochlorite. "Pure" samples have 99.2% active chlorine. Given common industrial purity, an active chlorine content of 65-70% is typical. It is the main active ingredient of commercial products called bleaching powder, used for water treatment and as a bleaching agent.
ํŽ˜๋†€(์˜์–ด: phenol) ๋˜๋Š” ์„ํƒ„์‚ฐ(็Ÿณ็‚ญ้…ธ, ์˜์–ด: carbolic acid)์€ ํŽ˜๋‹๊ธฐ์— ํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋ก์‹œ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•œ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์กฑ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฌด์ƒ‰์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์œผ๋กœ ํœ˜๋ฐœ์„ฑ์ด๋ฉฐ ํ–ฅ๊ธ‹ํ•œ ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๊ฐ€ ๋‚œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๋ถ„์ž๋Š” ํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋ก์‹œ๊ธฐ(-OH)์™€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋œ ํŽ˜๋‹๊ธฐ (-C6H5)๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ฝ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์„ ๋ ์ง€๋งŒ, ํ™”ํ•™ ํ™”์ƒ์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์กฐ์‹ฌ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์š”๊ตฌํ•œ๋‹ค ํŽ˜๋†€์€ ์ฝœํƒ€๋ฅด์—์„œ ์ฒ˜์Œ ์ถ”์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์„์œ ์—์„œ ๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๋ฌผ์˜ ์ „๊ตฌ์ฒด(precursor)๋กœ์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‚ฐ์—… ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด๋‹ค. ์ฃผ๋กœ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ ๋˜๋Š” ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋“ค๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™˜๋œ๋‹ค. ํŽ˜๋†€๊ณผ ํŽ˜๋†€์˜ ํ™”ํ•™์  ํŒŒ์ƒ๋ฌผ์€ ํด๋ฆฌ์นด๋ณด๋„ค์ดํŠธ, ๋‚˜์ผ๋ก , ์„ธ์ œ, ์ œ์ดˆ์ œ, ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์•ฝ๋“ค์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์„ฑ๋ถ„์ด๋‹ค. ํŽ˜๋†€์€ ํ˜ผ์„ฑํ™”๋œ ํƒ„์†Œ ์›์ž์— ํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋ก์‹œ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•œ ํƒ„์†Œํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ธ ์•Œ์ฝ”์˜ฌ๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์„ฑ์งˆ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค์€ ๋ฌผ(H-O-H_์˜ ์ˆ˜์†Œ ์›์ž ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ํƒ„์†Œ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ ์น˜ํ™˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ์น˜ํ™˜๋œ ๋ฌผ์˜ ์œ ๋„์ฒด๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ฌผ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ถ„์ž ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์ˆ˜์†Œ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด ์•Œ์ฝ”์˜ฌ์€ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๋ถ„์ž๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ์•Œ์ผ€์ธ์ด๋‚˜ ํ• ๋กœ์  ํ™” ์•Œํ‚ฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋“๋Š” ์ ์ด ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋†’์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํŽ˜๋†€ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๋ถ„์ž๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์กฑ ํƒ„ํ™”์ˆ˜์†Œ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋“๋Š” ์ ์ด ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋†’๋‹ค. ์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํŽ˜๋†€์€ ์•Œ์ฝ”์˜ฌ๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๋ฉด์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ํŽ˜๋†€ ๊ณ ์œ ์˜ ๋…์ฐฝ์ ์ธ ์„ฑ์งˆ๋“ค ์—ญ์‹œ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋ก์‹œ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํฌํ™” ํƒ„์†Œ ์›์ž์— ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ์•Œ์ฝ”์˜ฌ๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํŽ˜๋†€์—์„œ ํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋ก์‹œ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ฒค์  ๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์•„๋ Œ ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ถˆํฌํ™” ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์— ๋ถ™๋Š”๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ, ํŽ˜๋†€์€ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์กฑ ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ณต๋ช…์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ง์—ผ๊ธฐ์˜ ์•ˆ์ •ํ™” ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์•Œ์ฝ”์˜ฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์„ ๋ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์กฑ ํƒ„ํ™”์ˆ˜์†Œ์— ํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋ก์‹œ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•œ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์กฑ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ๋“ค์„ ํŽ˜๋†€๋ฅ˜๋ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ํŽ˜๋†€์€ ์ด๋“ค ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค.
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Levofloxacin is an optically active form of ofloxacin having (S)-configuration; an inhibitor of bacterial topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase. It has a role as a DNA synthesis inhibitor, an antibacterial drug, a topoisomerase IV inhibitor and an EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor. It is a quinolone antibiotic, a fluoroquinolone antibiotic and a 9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid. It is an enantiomer of a dextrofloxacin.
์œ ์ œ๋†€(eugenol, /หˆjuหdส’ษชnษ’l/), ์œ ๊ฒŒ๋†€, ์˜ค์ด๊ฒŒ๋†€์€ ํŽ˜๋‹ํ”„๋กœํŽœ์˜ ์•ก์ฒด์ด๋‹ค. ์œ ์ œ๋†€์€ ํŽ˜๋‹ํ”„๋กœํŒŒ๋…ธ์ด๋“œ๊ณ„ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์— ์†ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฌด์ƒ‰์—์„œ ์—ท์€ ๋…ธ๋ž€์ƒ‰์— ์ด๋ฅด๋Š” ์•„๋กœ๋งˆ ์œ ์•ก์ด๋ฉฐ ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œ ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ํด๋กœ๋ธŒ ์˜ค์ผ, ์œก๋‘๊ตฌ, ๊ณ„ํ”ผ, ๋ฐ”์งˆ, ์›”๊ณ„์ˆ˜ ์žŽ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ถ”์ถœํ•œ๋‹ค. ํด๋กœ๋“œ ๋ฒ„๋“œ ์˜ค์ผ์˜ 80~90% ๋†์ถ•๋ฌผ, ํด๋กœ๋ธŒ ์žŽ ์˜ค์ผ์˜ 82~88%์˜ ๋†์ถ•๋ฌผ์— ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค.
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Sulfur tetrafluoride is a sulfur coordination entity.
์•„๋น„์‚ฐ(arsenous acid ๋˜๋Š” arsenious acid)์€ ํ™”ํ•™์‹ H3AsO3์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๋ฌด๊ธฐ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์šฉ์•ก์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด As(OH)3์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์„ ์†์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค์ง€๋Š” ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.
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Midodrine is an aromatic ether that is 1,4-dimethoxybenzene which is substituted at position 2 by a 2-(glycylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group. A direct-acting sympathomimetic with selective alpha-adrenergic agonist activity, it is used (generally as its hydrochloride salt) as a peripheral vasoconstrictor in the treatment of certain hypotensive states. The main active moiety is its major metabolite, deglymidodrine. It has a role as a prodrug, an alpha-adrenergic agonist, a sympathomimetic agent and a vasoconstrictor agent. It is a secondary alcohol, an amino acid amide and an aromatic ether. It is functionally related to a glycinamide and a deglymidodrine. It is a conjugate base of a midodrine(1+).
์ž”ํ† ์‹  ์‚ผ์ธ์‚ฐ(์˜์–ด: xanthosine triphosphate, XTP)์€ ์‚ด์•„์žˆ๋Š” ์„ธํฌ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ƒ์„ฑ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋‰ดํด๋ ˆ์˜คํƒ€์ด๋“œ๋กœ ๊ทธ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ๋ฐ”๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค. ์ž”ํ† ์‹  ์‚ผ์ธ์‚ฐ(XTP)์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‰ดํด๋ ˆ์˜คํƒ€์ด๋“œ์™€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ํšจ์†Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜์œผ๋กœ ์ œํ•œ๋œ๋‹ค. ํ“จ๋ฆฐ ์—ผ๊ธฐ์˜ ํƒˆ์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธํ™”๋Š” ์ด๋…ธ์‹  ์‚ผ์ธ์‚ฐ(ITP), ๋””์˜ฅ์‹œ์ด๋…ธ์‹  ์‚ผ์ธ์‚ฐ(dITP), ์ž”ํ† ์‹  ์‚ผ์ธ์‚ฐ(XTP) ๋ฐ ๋””์˜ฅ์‹œ์ž”ํ† ์‹  ์‚ผ์ธ์‚ฐ(dXTP)์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‰ดํด๋ ˆ์˜คํƒ€์ด๋“œ์˜ ์ถ•์ ์„ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
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Carfentanil is a monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of methyl 4-anilino-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidine-4-carboxylate with propanoic acid. It has a role as a mu-opioid receptor agonist, an opioid analgesic and a tranquilizing drug. It is a member of piperidines, a methyl ester, a tertiary amino compound and a tertiary carboxamide.
์ˆ˜์†Œํ™”๋ฌผ(Hydride) ๋˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์†Œํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์€ ์ˆ˜์†Œ์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์›์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ณต์œ  ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋œ ์ˆ˜์†Œ ์›์ž๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์„ ์ˆ˜์†Œํ™”๋ฌผ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ๋ฌผ์€ ์‚ฐ์†Œ์™€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋˜์–ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ์ˆ˜์†Œํ™”๋ฌผ์ด๊ณ , ์•”๋ชจ๋‹ˆ์•„๋Š” ์งˆ์†Œ์™€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ์ˆ˜์†Œํ™”๋ฌผ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ™”ํ•™์—์„œ์˜ ์ˆ˜์†Œํ™”๋ฌผ์€ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ „๊ธฐ ์Œ์„ฑ๋„์˜ ์›์†Œ์— ์ˆ˜์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๊ณต์œ  ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋œ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ์ด์˜จ ๋“ฑ์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์†Œํ™”๋ฌผ ์Œ์ด์˜จ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋“œ๋ฌผ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋œ๋‹ค. ํ—ฌ๋ฅจ, ๋„ค์˜จ, ์•„๋ฅด๊ณค, ํฌ๋ฆฝํ†ค, ํ”„๋กœ๋ฉ”ํŠฌ, ์˜ค์Šค๋ฎด, ์ด๋ฆฌ๋“, ๋ผ๋ˆ, ํ”„๋ž‘์Š˜, ๋ผ๋“ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์›์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์›์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜์†Œ์™€ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณ„๋‚œ ์›์ž์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ˆ˜์†Œํ™” ํฌ์ง€ํŠธ๋กœ๋Š„ ์—ญ์‹œ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
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Shikimic acid, more commonly known as its anionic form shikimate, is a cyclohexene, a cyclitol and a cyclohexanecarboxylic acid. It is an important biochemical metabolite in plants and microorganisms. Its name comes from the Japanese flower shikimi (ใ‚ทใ‚ญใƒŸ, the Japanese star anise, Illicium anisatum), from which it was first isolated in 1885 by Johan Fredrik Eykman. The elucidation of its structure was made nearly 50 years later.
์•„์„ธํ‹ธ-L-์นด๋ฅด๋‹ˆํ‹ด(์˜์–ด: acetyl-L-carnitine, ALCAR) ๋˜๋Š” ์•„์„ธํ‹ธ์นด๋ฅด๋‹ˆํ‹ด(์˜์–ด: acetylcarnitine)์€ L-์นด๋ฅด๋‹ˆํ‹ด์˜ ์•„์„ธํ‹ธํ™”๋œ ๋ถ„์ž์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๋ณด์กฐ์ œ ํŒ๋งค์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ L-์นด๋ฅด๋‹ˆํ‹ด๋ณด๋‹ค ์ƒ์ฒด์ด์šฉ๋ฅ ์ด ์ข‹๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ ํ™๋ณดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ์ตœ์†Œํ•œ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ž๋ฃŒ์—์„œ ์•„์„ธํ‹ธ-L-์นด๋ฅด๋‹ˆํ‹ด์ด L-์นด๋ฅด๋‹ˆํ‹ด ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ƒ์ฒด์ด์šฉ์œจ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ, ์•„์„ธํ‹ธ-L-์นด๋ฅด๋‹ˆํ‹ด์€ ์•Œ์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋จธ๋ณ‘ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
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Methamphetamine is a natural product found in Senegalia berlandieri and Vachellia rigidula with data available.
๋ฉ”ํ‹ธ ์•„์„ธํ…Œ์ดํŠธ๋Š” MeOAc, ์•„์„ธํŠธ์‚ฐ ๋ฉ”ํ‹ธ ์—์Šคํ…Œ๋ฅด ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฉ”ํ‹ธ ์—ํƒ€๋…ธ์—์ดํŠธ๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š”๋ฐ, ํ™”ํ•™์‹์ด CH3COOCH3 ์ธ ์นด๋ฅด๋ณต์‹ค๋ ˆ์ดํŠธ ์—์Šคํ…Œ๋ฅด์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ถ€ ์ ‘์ฐฉ์ œ์™€ ๋งค๋‹ˆํ์–ด ์ œ๊ฑฐ์ œ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ํŠน์œ ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ถ„ ์ข‹์€ ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์—ฐ์„ฑ ์•ก์ฒด์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฉ”ํ‹ธ ์•„์„ธํ…Œ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ๊ทน์„ฑ์ด ์•ฝํ•˜์—ฌ ์นœ์œ ์„ฑ ์šฉ๋งค๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋” ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ์นœ์ฒ™์ธ ์—ํ‹ธ ์•„์„ธํ…Œ์ดํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๋…์„ฑ์ด ๋œํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์— ๋œ ์šฉํ•ด๋˜์–ด ์šฉ๋งค๋กœ ๋”์šฑ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ฉ”ํ‹ธ ์•„์„ธํ…Œ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์‹ค์˜จ์—์„œ ๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์šฉํ•ด๋„๊ฐ€ 25%์ธ๋ฐ ๊ณ ์˜จ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์šฉํ•ด๋„๊ฐ€ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋†’๋‹ค. ๋ฉ”ํ‹ธ ์•„์„ธํ…Œ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์„ฑ ์—ผ๊ธฐ ๋˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์„ฑ ์‚ฐ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์•ˆ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ๋ฉ”ํ‹ธ ์•„์„ธํ…Œ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ํœ˜๋ฐœ์„ฑ ์œ ๊ธฐํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ (VOC)๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.
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Vanillin is a member of the class of benzaldehydes carrying methoxy and hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively. It has a role as a plant metabolite, an anti-inflammatory agent, a flavouring agent, an antioxidant and an anticonvulsant. It is a member of phenols, a monomethoxybenzene and a member of benzaldehydes.
๋ฆฌ๋ฐ”๋น„๋ฆฐ(ribavirin)์€ ํ•ญ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์ œ์ด๋‹ค. ์ฃผ๋กœ Cํ˜• ๊ฐ„์—ผ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ์“ฐ์ธ๋‹ค.
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1,4-Benzoquinone, commonly known as para-quinone, is a chemical compound with the formula C6H4O2. In a pure state, it forms bright-yellow crystals with a characteristic irritating odor, resembling that of chlorine, bleach, and hot plastic or formaldehyde. This six-membered ring compound is the oxidized derivative of 1,4-hydroquinone. The molecule is multifunctional: it exhibits properties of a ketone, being able to form oximes; an oxidant, forming the dihydroxy derivative; and an alkene, undergoing addition reactions, especially those typical for ฮฑ,ฮฒ-unsaturated ketones. 1,4-Benzoquinone is sensitive toward both strong mineral acids and alkali, which cause condensation and decomposition of the compound.
๊ฒŒํ”ผํ‹ฐ๋‹™(์˜์–ด: gefitinib) ๋˜๋Š” ์ƒํ’ˆ๋ช… ์ด๋ ˆ์‚ฌ(Iressa)๋Š” ์œ ๋ฐฉ์•”, ํ์•”, ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์•”์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ์—๋ฅผ๋กœํ‹ฐ๋‹™์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋Œ€์ƒ ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์ƒํ”ผ ์„ฑ์žฅ์ธ์ž ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด(EFGR)์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์ „๋‹ฌ์„ ์ฐจ๋‹จํ•œ๋‹ค. WHO ํ•„์ˆ˜ ์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ ๋ชฉ๋ก์— ๋“ฑ์žฌ๋œ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค.
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Nevirapine is a dipyridodiazepine that is 5,11-dihydro-6H-dipyrido[3,2-b:2',3'-e][1,4]diazepine which is substituted by methyl, oxo, and cyclopropyl groups at positions 4, 6, and 11, respectively. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV-1, it is used in combination with other antiretrovirals for the treatment of HIV infection. It has a role as an antiviral drug and a HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor. It is a dipyridodiazepine and a member of cyclopropanes.
๋ฐ˜์ฝ”๋งˆ์ด์‹ (Vancomycin)์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ์˜ ์ผ์ข…์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ทธ๋žŒ ์–‘์„ฑ๊ท ์— ์ฃผ๋กœ ์จ์ง„๋‹ค. 1953๋…„์— ๋ณด๋ฅด๋„ค์˜ค ์ •๊ธ€ ์† ๋ฐฉ์„ ๊ท ๋ฌผ(Actinobactera)๋กœ ํ•œํ•ด ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๋กœ ๋ฐ˜์ฝ”๋งˆ์ด์‹ ์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„๋‹ค.
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Boron trifluoride is a boron fluoride. It has a role as a NMR chemical shift reference compound.
ํŠธ๋ฆฌ์•”์‹œ๋†€๋ก (triamcinolone)์€ ์žฅ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ์ฝ”๋ฅดํ‹ฐ์ฝ”์Šคํ…Œ๋กœ์ด๋“œ๋กœ์„œ, ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•, ์ฃผ์‚ฌ, ํก์ž…, ํˆฌ์•ฝ, ํฌ๋ฆผ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ณต์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
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Atorvastatin is a dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is a member of the drug class known as statins, used primarily for lowering blood cholesterol and for preventing cardiovascular diseases. It has a role as an environmental contaminant and a xenobiotic. It is an aromatic amide, a member of monofluorobenzenes, a statin (synthetic), a dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid and a member of pyrroles. It is functionally related to a heptanoic acid. It is a conjugate acid of an atorvastatin(1-).
2-ํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋ก์‹œ-4-(๋ฉ”ํ‹ธ์‹ธ์ด์˜ค)๋ทฐํ‹ฐ๋ฅด์‚ฐ(์˜์–ด: 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)butyric acid)์€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์‹์ด CH3SCH2CH2CH(OH)CO2H์ธ ์œ ๊ธฐ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. 2-ํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋ก์‹œ-4-(๋ฉ”ํ‹ธ์‹ธ์ด์˜ค)๋ทฐํ‹ฐ๋ฅด์‚ฐ์€ ํฐ์ƒ‰ ๊ณ ์ฒด์ด๋‹ค. ์ž‘์šฉ๊ธฐ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์ด ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์€ ฮฑ-ํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋ก์‹œ์นด๋ณต์‹ค์‚ฐ ๋ฐ ์‹ธ์ด์˜ค์—ํ„ฐ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์€ ์•„๋ฏผ์ด ํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋ก์‹ค๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋Œ€์ฒด๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‚ฐ์ธ ๋ฉ”ํ‹ฐ์˜ค๋‹Œ๊ณผ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€๋ จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์€ ๋ฉ”ํ…Œ์ธ์‹ธ์ด์˜ฌ์„ ์ฒจ๊ฐ€ํ•œ ํ›„ ์‚ฌ์ด์•„๋…ธํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋ฆฐ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ˆ˜๋ถ„ํ•ดํ•˜์—ฌ ์•„ํฌ๋กค๋ ˆ์ธ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ผ์„ธ๋ฏธ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์ƒ์—…์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋œ๋‹ค. 2-ํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋ก์‹œ-4-(๋ฉ”ํ‹ธ์‹ธ์ด์˜ค)๋ทฐํ‹ฐ๋ฅด์‚ฐ์€ ๋™๋ฌผ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ์—์„œ ๋ฉ”ํ‹ฐ์˜ค๋‹Œ์˜ ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ฌผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ž์—ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์€ ์ฒœ์—ฐ ๋‹ค์ด๋ฉ”ํ‹ธ ํ™ฉํ™”๋ฌผ์˜ ์ „๊ตฌ์ฒด์ธ 3-๋‹ค์ด๋ฉ”ํ‹ธ์„คํฌ๋‹ˆ์˜คํ”„๋กœํ”ผ์˜ค๋„ค์ดํŠธ ์ƒํ•ฉ์„ฑ์˜ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์ƒ์„ฑ๋ฌผ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๋‹ค.
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5-Methyluridine is a natural product found in Drosophila melanogaster, Homo sapiens, and other organisms with data available.
๋ฉ”ํ† ํŠธ๋ ‰์„ธ์ดํŠธ(methotrexate, MTX, ์ด์ „ ๋ช…์นญ: ์•„๋ฉ”ํ†ฑํ…Œ๋ฆฐ/amethopterin)๋Š” ํ™”ํ•™์ž‘์šฉ์ œ์ด์ž ๋ฉด์—ญ๊ณ„ ์–ต์ œ์ œ์ด๋‹ค. ์•”, ์ž๊ฐ€๋ฉด์—ญ์งˆํ™˜, ์ž๊ถ์™ธ์ž„์‹ ์˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜ํ•™์  ๋‚™ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ฉ”ํ† ํŠธ๋ ‰์„ธ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์•”์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๋กœ๋Š” ์œ ๋ฐฉ์•”, ๋ฐฑํ˜ˆ๋ณ‘, ํ์•”, ๋ฆผํ”„์ข…, ์ž„์‹ ์˜์–‘๋ง‰๋ณ‘, ๊ณจ์œก์ข…์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ ์‘์ฆ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ์ž๊ฐ€๋ฉด์—ญ์งˆํ™˜์˜ ์œ ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ฑด์„ , ๋ฅ˜๋จธํ‹ฐ์Šค ๊ด€์ ˆ์—ผ, ํฌ๋ก ๋ณ‘์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ์ฃผ์‚ฌ๋กœ ํˆฌ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ”ํ•œ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ตฌ์—ญ์งˆ, ํ”ผ๊ณค, ๋ฐœ์—ด, ๊ฐ์—ผ ์œ„ํ—˜์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€, ๋ฐฑํ˜ˆ๊ตฌ ๊ฐ์†Œ, ๊ตฌ๋‚ด์—ผ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ฐ„์งˆํ™˜, ํ์งˆํ™˜, ๋ฆผํ”„์ข…, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ํ”ผ๋ถ€ ๋ฐœ์ง„์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹๋‹ค. ๋ชจ์œ  ์ˆ˜์œ  ์ค‘์— ๋ณต์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค. ์‹ ๋ถ€์ „ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ ์€ ์–‘์„ ๋ณต์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ ์ฒด์˜ ์—ฝ์‚ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ์ฐจ๋‹จํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋™์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฉ”ํ† ํŠธ๋ ‰์„ธ์ดํŠธ๋Š” 1947๋…„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์–ด ์ฒ˜์Œ์—๋Š” ์•” ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์˜ํ•™์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฐฉ์‹๋ณด๋‹ค ๋…์„ฑ์ด ๋œํ–ˆ๋‹ค. 1956๋…„, ์ „์ด์•”์˜ ์ตœ์ดˆ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๋ฃŒ์ œ๋„์— ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ ๋ชฉ๋ก์ธ WHO ํ•„์ˆ˜ ์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ ๋ชฉ๋ก์— ๋“ฑ์žฌ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฉ”ํ† ํŠธ๋ ‰์„ธ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์ œ๋„ค๋ฆญ ์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋งค๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ์˜ ๋„๋งค๊ฐ€๋Š” 2014๋…„ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ• ์„ญ์ทจ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— US$0.06 ~ US$0.36 ์‚ฌ์ด์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๊ฒฝ๊ตฌ ํˆฌ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์—๋Š” ๋ณดํ†ต $25 ~ $50์˜ ๋น„์šฉ์ด ๋“ ๋‹ค. 2016๋…„ ๊ธฐ์ค€, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” 400๋งŒ ๊ฑด ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ๊ณผ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด 152๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐ›์€ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.
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3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) is a metabolite of the neurotransmitter dopamine. Dopamine can be metabolized into one of three substances. One such substance is DOPAC. Another is 3-methoxytyramine (3-MT). Both of these substances are degraded to form homovanillic acid (HVA). Both degradations involve the enzymes monoamine oxidase (MAO) and catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT), albeit in reverse order: MAO catalyzes dopamine to DOPAC, and COMT catalyzes DOPAC to HVA; whereas COMT catalyzes dopamine to 3-MT and MAO catalyzes 3-MT to HVA. The third metabolic end-product of dopamine is norepinephrine (noradrenaline). It can also be found in the bark of Eucalyptus globulus. This product has been synthesized (52% yield) from 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid via aerobic biotransformation using whole cell cultures of Arthrobacter protophormiae.
๋ฒค์ฆˆ์•Œ๋ฐํ•˜์ด๋“œ(Benzaldehyde, C7H6O)๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์กฑ ์•Œ๋ฐํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋‹ค. ๊ณ ํŽธ๋„์œ ์˜ ์„ฑ๋ถ„ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๋‹ค.
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L-lysine is an L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine. It has a role as a micronutrient, a nutraceutical, an anticonvulsant, an Escherichia coli metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, a plant metabolite, a human metabolite, an algal metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is an aspartate family amino acid, a proteinogenic amino acid, a lysine and a L-alpha-amino acid. It is a conjugate base of a L-lysinium(1+). It is a conjugate acid of a L-lysinate. It is an enantiomer of a D-lysine. It is a tautomer of a L-lysine zwitterion and a L-Lysine zwitterion.
์นดํŽ˜์ธ(์˜์–ด: caffeine)์€ ๋ฉ”ํ‹ธํฌ์‚ฐํ‹ด ๊ณ„์—ด์˜ ์ค‘์ถ”์‹ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„(CNS) ๊ฐ์„ฑ์ œ์ด๋‹ค. ์•Œ์นผ๋กœ์ด๋“œ์˜ ์ผ์ข…์ด๋‹ค. ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋„๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ํ–ฅ์ •์‹ ์„ฑ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ(psychoactive drug)์ด๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋งŽ์€ ํ–ฅ์ •์‹ ์„ฑ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ, ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ ํ•ฉ๋ฒ•์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ๊ทœ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค. ์นดํŽ˜์ธ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‘๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์•„๋ฐ๋…ธ์‹ ์˜ ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ๊ฐ€์—ญ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฐจ๋‹จํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•„๋ฐ๋…ธ์‹ ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์กธ์Œ์„ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜, ์นดํŽ˜์ธ์€ ์ž์œจ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„์˜ ํŠน์ • ๋ถ€์œ„๋ฅผ ์ž๊ทนํ•œ๋‹ค. ์นดํŽ˜์ธ์€ ์“ด๋ง›์ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋ฐฑ์ƒ‰ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ฑ์˜ ํ“จ๋ฆฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฉ”ํ‹ธ์ž”ํ‹ด ์•Œ์นผ๋กœ์ด๋“œ์ด๋ฉฐ ํ™”ํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ DNA์™€ RNA์˜ ์•„๋ฐ๋‹Œ, ๊ตฌ์•„๋‹Œ ์—ผ๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚จ๋ฏธ ๋ฐ ๋™์•„์‹œ์•„ ๊ณ ์œ ์˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์‹๋ฌผ์˜ ์”จ์•—, ๊ฒฌ๊ณผ ๋˜๋Š” ์žŽ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜๋ฉฐ ๊ณค์ถฉ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…์ž์˜ ๋ฐœ์•„๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์นดํŽ˜์ธ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์›๋ฃŒ๋Š” ์ปคํ”ผ์ฝฉ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณดํ†ต ์กธ์Œ์„ ์™„ํ™” ์‹œํ‚ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ์„ฑํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์นดํŽ˜์ธ์„ ํ•จ์œ ํ•œ ์Œ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์„ญ์ทจํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์Œ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์นดํŽ˜์ธ์€ ๋ฌผ์— ์‹๋ฌผ ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ๋‹ด๊ธˆ์ž‘์—…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ถ”์ถœ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ปคํ”ผ, ์ฐจ, ์ฝœ๋ผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์นดํŽ˜์ธ ํ•จ์œ  ์Œ๋ฃŒ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. 2014๋…„ ๊ธฐ์ค€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์„ฑ์ธ์˜ 85 %๋Š” ์นดํŽ˜์ธ์„ ์„ญ์ทจํ•˜๊ณ  ํ‰๊ท  164mg์„ ์„ญ์ทจํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ปคํ”ผ ๋‚˜๋ฌด, ์ฐจ, ๊ณผ๋ผ๋‚˜ ์—ด๋งค ๋“ฑ์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์นด์นด์˜ค ์—ด๋งค์™€ ์ฝœ๋ผ ์—ด๋งค์—๋„ ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฝœ๋ผ, ์ดˆ์ฝœ๋ฆฟ ๋“ฑ์—๋„ ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์Šนํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค ์‹๋ฌผ์€ ํ•ด์ถฉ์„ ์ฃฝ์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์นดํŽ˜์ธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ์นดํŽ˜์ธ์€ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ๊ณผ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ง€ ํ˜•์„ฑ ์žฅ์• ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋ฏธ์ˆ™์•„ ํ˜ธํก์žฅ์• , ๋ฏธ์ˆ™์•„ ๋ฌดํ˜ธํก ๋“ฑ์„ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์นดํŽ˜์ธ ๊ตฌ์—ฐ์‚ฐ์—ผ์€ WHO์˜ ํ•„์ˆ˜ ์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ ๋ชจ๋ธ ๋ชฉ๋ก์— ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŒŒํ‚จ์Šจ ๋ณ‘ (Parkinson 's disease)์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์นดํŽ˜์ธ์„ ์„ญ์ทจํ•˜๋ฉด ์ˆ˜๋ฉด ์žฅ์• ๋‚˜ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์„ ๊ฒช๋Š”๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์„ ๋Š๋ผ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ์ž„์‹  ์ค‘ ์œ„ํ—˜์˜ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋Š” ๋ชจํ˜ธํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ž„์‚ฐ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ 1์ผ 2์ž” ์ดํ•˜๋กœ ์ปคํ”ผ ์„ญ์ทจ๋ฅผ ์ œํ•œํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ถŒ๊ณ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์นดํŽ˜์ธ์€ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์ธ ์„ญ์ทจ ํ›„ ์„ญ์ทจ๋ฅผ ์ค‘๋‹จ ํ•  ๋•Œ ์กธ์Œ, ๋‘ํ†ต ๋ฐ ๊ณผ๋ฏผ์ฆ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ธˆ๋‹จ ์ฆ์ƒ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์•ฝํ•œ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ ์˜์กด์„ฑ์˜ ์ฆ์ƒ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜ˆ์•• ๋ฐ ์‹ฌ์žฅ ๋ฐ•๋™์ˆ˜์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์™€ ์†Œ๋ณ€ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž์œจ ํšจ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‚ด์„ฑ์€ ๋งŒ์„ฑ์ ์ธ ์Œ์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค. ์นดํŽ˜์ธ์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ FDA์—์„œ "์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์ •๋จ"(GRAS)์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋œ๋‹ค. ์„ฑ์ธ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— 10 ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ๋„˜๋Š” ๋…์„ฑ ๋ณต์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋ฃจ 500 ๋ฐ€๋ฆฌ๊ทธ๋žจ ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋ณต์šฉ๋Ÿ‰๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋†’๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋†๋ฌด๋ถ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด 100g์˜ ์ปคํ”ผ ์Œ๋ฃŒ์—๋Š” 40mg์˜ ์นดํŽ˜์ธ์ด ๋“ค์–ด์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ปคํ”ผ ์ฐŒ๊บผ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‚˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ 100g๋‹น 80.28mg์˜ ์นดํŽ˜์ธ์ด ๋“ค์–ด์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ปคํ”ผ ํ•œ ์ž”์—๋Š” "์ปคํ”ผ์ฝฉ"(์”จ์•—)์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ œ์กฐํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ 80-175mg์˜ ์นดํŽ˜์ธ์ด ๋“ค์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์น˜๋ช…์ ์ธ ๋ณต์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•ฝ 50-100 ์ž”์˜ ์ปคํ”ผ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์‹์ด๋ณด์ถฉ์ œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ ๋ถ„๋ง ์นดํŽ˜์ธ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ•จ์œ  ๋†๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์—์„œ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ ์€ ์–‘์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
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Lipoamide is a monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of lipoic acid with ammonia. It has a role as a human metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a member of dithiolanes and a monocarboxylic acid amide. It is functionally related to a lipoic acid.
์‚ผ์ธ์‚ฐ(ไธ‰็‡้…ธ, ์˜์–ด: triphosphoric acid)์€ ์ธ์‚ฐ์˜ ์ถ•ํ•ฉ๋œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์ด๋ฉฐ, ํ™”ํ•™์‹์€ H5P3O10์ด๋‹ค. ์ธ์‚ฐ ๊ณ„์—ด์—์„œ ํ”ผ๋กœ์ธ์‚ฐ(H4P2O7 ๋˜๋Š” ์ด์ธ์‚ฐ) ๋‹ค์Œ์˜ ํด๋ฆฌ์ธ์‚ฐ์ด๋‹ค. ์•„๋ฐ๋…ธ์‹  ์‚ผ์ธ์‚ฐ(ATP)๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์€ ์‚ผ์ธ์‚ฐ์˜ ์—์Šคํ„ฐ์ด๋‹ค. ์‚ผ์ธ์‚ฐ์€ ๊ฒฐ์ • ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์–ป์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. H5P3O10์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์ „์ฒด ์กฐ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ํ‰ํ˜• ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์€ ์•ฝ 20%์˜ ์‚ผ์ธ์‚ฐ์„ ํ•จ์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์‚ผ์ธ์‚ฐ์˜ ์šฉ์•ก์€ 0ยฐC์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํŠธ๋ฅจ ์—ผ์ธ ์‚ผ์ธ์‚ฐ ๋‚˜ํŠธ๋ฅจ์˜ ์ด์˜จ ๊ตํ™˜์— ์˜ํ•ด ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ผ์ธ์‚ฐ์€ 5์–‘์„ฑ์ž์‚ฐ์œผ๋กœ ์—ผ๊ธฐ์„ฑ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ 5๊ฐœ์˜ ์–‘์„ฑ์ž๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ์ถœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์†Œ์Šค๋Š” ํ•ด๋‹น pKa ๊ฐ’์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค. 1.0; 2.2; 2.3; 5.7; 8.5 1.0; 2.2; 2.3; 3.7; 8.5 ์ ์Œ; ์ ์Œ; 2.30; 6.50; 9.24
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1-phenylpropan-2-amine is a primary amine that is isopropylamine in which a hydrogen attached to one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group.
๋ฒค์ง€๋”˜(Benzidine)์€ ํ™”ํ•™์‹ C12H12N2์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์œ ๊ธฐ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์กฑ์„ฑ ์•„๋ฏผ์ด๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์ด์•ˆํ™”๋ฌผ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹œํ—˜ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์ด๋‹ค. ์—ผ๋ฃŒ์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์— ๊ด€๋ จ ํŒŒ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ฒค์ง€๋”˜์€ ๋ฐฉ๊ด‘์•”, ์ทŒ์žฅ์•”๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
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Mifepristone, also known by its developmental code name RU-486, is a medication typically used in combination with misoprostol to bring about a medical abortion during pregnancy and manage early miscarriage. This combination is 97% effective during the first 63 days (9 weeks) of pregnancy. It is also effective in the second trimester of pregnancy. It is taken by mouth. The more common adverse effects include abdominal pain, feeling tired, and vaginal bleeding. Serious side effects may include heavy vaginal bleeding, bacterial infection, and birth defects if the pregnancy does not end. If used, appropriate follow-up care needs to be available. Mifepristone is an antiprogestogen. It works by blocking the effects of progesterone, making both the cervix and uterine vessels dilate and causing uterine contraction. Mifepristone was developed in 1980 and came into use in France in 1987. It became available in the United States in 2000. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. Mifepristone was approved in Canada in January 2017.
๋ธŒ๋กœ๋ชจ์—ํƒ„์€ ์—ํ‹ธ ๋ธŒ๋กœ๋งˆ์ด๋“œ๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ์žˆ๋Š” ํ• ๋กœ์  ํ™” ์•Œ์ผ„ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์€ EtBr์œผ๋กœ ์ค„์—ฌ ๋ถ€๋ฅด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
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Iodic acid is an iodine oxoacid. It has a role as an astringent. It is a conjugate acid of an iodate.
์นด๋ฐ”๋ชจ์ผ ์ธ์‚ฐ(์˜์–ด: carbamoyl phosphate)์€ ์ƒํ™”ํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์Œ์ด์˜จ์ด๋‹ค. ์œก์ƒ ๋™๋ฌผ์—์„œ ์นด๋ฐ”๋ชจ์ผ ์ธ์‚ฐ์€ ์š”์†Œ ํšŒ๋กœ ๋ฐ ํ”ผ๋ฆฌ๋ฏธ๋”˜์˜ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์งˆ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ์˜ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์ƒ์„ฑ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ์นด๋ฐ”๋ชจ์ผ ์ธ์‚ฐ ํ•ฉ์„ฑํšจ์†Œ I ์€ ์‹œ๋ฅดํˆฌ์ธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ถ„์ž ๋ถ€๋ฅ˜๋“ค, NAD ์˜์กด์„ฑ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ํƒˆ๋ฉ”ํ‹ธํ™”ํšจ์†Œ, ATP์™€ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์นด๋ฐ”๋ชจ์ผ ์ธ์‚ฐ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ, ์นด๋ฐ”๋ชจ์ผ ์ธ์‚ฐ์€ ์š”์†Œ ํšŒ๋กœ๋กœ ์ง„์ž…ํ•ด์„œ ์˜ค๋ฅด๋‹ˆํ‹ด ํŠธ๋žœ์Šค์นด๋ฐ”๋ฐ€๋ ˆ์ด์Šค์— ์˜ํ•ด ์˜ค๋ฅด๋‹ˆํ‹ด๊ณผ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œํŠธ๋ฃฐ๋ฆฐ์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค. ์นด๋ฐ”๋ชจ์ผ ์ธ์‚ฐ ํ•ฉ์„ฑํšจ์†Œ I ์˜ ๊ฒฐํ•จ๊ณผ ๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์นด๋ฐ”๋ชจ์ผ ์ธ์‚ฐ ์ƒ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฒฐํ•์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๊ณ ์•”๋ชจ๋‹ˆ์•„ํ˜ˆ์ฆ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.
0
Sulbactam is a member of penicillanic acids.
์„ค๋ฐ•ํƒ(sulbactam)์€ ๋ฒ ํƒ€-๋ฝํƒ€๋ฉ”์ด์Šค ์–ต์ œ์ œ์˜ ์ผ์ข…์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฒ ํƒ€-๋ฝํƒ ๊ณ„์—ด ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ์™€ ๋ณ‘์šฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ๋ฅผ ํŒŒ๊ดดํ•˜๋Š” ์„ธ๊ท ์˜ ํšจ์†Œ์ธ ๋ฒ ํƒ€-๋ฝํƒ€๋ฉ”์ด์Šค๋ฅผ ์–ต์ œํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ž„์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ฒ ํƒ€-๋ฝํƒ€๋ฉ”์ด์Šค ์–ต์ œ์ œ๋กœ๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ž„๊ท , ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋กœ์ด๋ฐ์Šค ํ”„๋ผ๊ธธ๋ฆฌ์Šค, ์•„์‹œ๋„คํ† ๋ฐ•ํ„ฐ ์„ธ๊ท ์— ์ž์ฒด์ ์ธ ํ•ญ๊ท  ํ™œ์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ํŠนํ—ˆ๊ฐ€ ์ถœ์›๋œ ๊ฒƒ์€ 1977๋…„, ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด ์Šน์ธ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์€ 1986๋…„์ด๋‹ค.
1
Retinol is a retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified). It has a role as a human metabolite. It is a primary allylic alcohol and a retinoid.
์‹œ์•„๋ˆ„๋ฅด์‚ฐ(Cyanuric acid) ๋˜๋Š” 1,3,5-ํŠธ๋ฆฌ์•„์ง„-2,4,6-ํŠธ๋ฆฌ์˜ฌ(1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triol)์€ ํ™”ํ•™์‹ (CNOH)3์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ์‚ฐ์—…์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ๋งŽ์€ ํ™”ํ•™๋ฌผ์งˆ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์ด ํŠธ๋ฆฌ์•„์ง„์—๋„ ๋งŽ์€ ๋™์˜์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ํฐ์ƒ‰์˜ ๋ฌด์ทจ ๊ณ ์ฒด๋Š” ํ‘œ๋ฐฑ์ œ, ์†Œ๋…์ œ, ์ œ์ดˆ์ œ์˜ ์ „๊ตฌ์ฒด ๋˜๋Š” ์„ฑ๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. 1997๋…„ ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋Ÿ‰์€ 160,000ํ†ค์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.
0
Isoxazole is a natural product found in Nicotiana tabacum with data available.
๋กœํ…Œ๋…ผ(์˜์–ด: rotenone)์€ ํ™”ํ•™์‹ C23H22O6, ๋ชฐ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰ 394.41g/mol, ๋ฐ€๋„ 1.27g/cmยณ, ๋…น๋Š”์  165 ยฐC, ๋“๋Š”์  210 ยฐC์ธ ์—ฐ๋ชป ์ œ์ดˆ์ œ์ด์ž ์‚ด์ถฉ์ œ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋ฌผ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ฃฝ์ด๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ์‚ด์–ด์ œ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฝฉ๊ณผ์— ์†ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹๋ฌผ์ธ ๋ฐ๋ฆฌ์Šค(Derris elliptica), ํ…Œํ”„๋กœ์‹œ์•„(Tephrosia purpurea)์˜ ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ์–ป์–ด์ง€๋Š” ํ™”ํ•™ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ์ฒœ์—ฐ ์ œ์ดˆ์ œ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฐญ ์ž‘๋ฌผ, ์ฑ„์†Œ๋ฅ˜, ํ™”ํ›ผ๋ฅ˜, ๊ณผ์ˆ˜๋ฅ˜ ๋“ฑ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋†์ž‘๋ฌผ์— ์ ์šฉ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ ํŠนํžˆ ์ง„๋”ง๋ฌผ, ์‘์• ๋ฅ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ํฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์œ ๊ธฐ๋† ์ œ์žฌ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋น ๋ฅธ ํŽธ์ด๋‹ค. ์žŽ์„ ๊ฐ‰์•„๋จน๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ํ•ด์ถฉ์— ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹๋ฌผ์„ฑ ์‚ด์ถฉ์ œ๋กœ์„œ ํ•ด์ถฉ์˜ ์‹์š•์„ ์–ต์ œ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์„ฑ๋ถ„์ด ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ํ•ด์ถฉ์„ ๊ตถ์–ด ์ฃฝ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค. ํ•ด์ถฉ์˜ ์•Œ, ์œ ์ถฉ, ๋ฒˆ๋ฐ๊ธฐ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ์„ฑ์žฅ๊ณผ ํƒˆ๋ฐ”๊ฟˆ์„ ์ •์ง€์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค.
0
Reserpine is an alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. It has a role as an antihypertensive agent, a first generation antipsychotic, an adrenergic uptake inhibitor, an EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor, an environmental contaminant, a xenobiotic and a plant metabolite. It is an alkaloid ester, a methyl ester and a yohimban alkaloid. It is functionally related to a reserpic acid.
๋ฒ ํƒ€์ธ(์˜์–ด: betaine)์€ ๋ถ„์ž ๋‚ด์— ํ•œ ์ž‘์šฉ๊ธฐ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์— ๊ตญํ•œ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํ˜•์‹ ์ „ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘์„ฑ ๋ถ„์ž์ด๋‹ค.
0
Catechol is a natural product found in Pinus densiflora, Illicium simonsii, and other organisms with data available.
๋ฐ”์ด์˜คํ‹ด(Biotin, ๋น„์˜คํ‹ด) ๋˜๋Š” ๋น„ํƒ€๋ฏผ B7์€ ๋น„ํƒ€๋ฏผ H๋ผ๋Š” ๋ณ„์นญ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋น„ํƒ€๋ฏผ์˜ ์ผ์ข…์ด๋‹ค. ์ฝ”์—”์ž์ž„ R์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์œ ๊ธฐ์ฒด ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์ง€๋ฐฉ, ํƒ„์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ฌผ ๋ฐ ์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‚ฐ์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•œ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ ๊ณผ์ •์— ๊ด€์—ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋…์ผ์–ด Biotin์—์„œ ๋นŒ๋ฆฐ ์ด๋ฆ„ ๋ฐ”์ด์˜คํ‹ด์€ ๊ณ ๋Œ€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค ๋‹จ์–ด ฮฒฮนฮฟฯ„ฮฟฯ‚(bรญotos; '์ƒ๋ช…')์™€ ์ ‘๋ฏธ์‚ฌ "-in"(์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™”ํ•™์—์„œ 'ํ˜•์„ฑ'์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ ‘๋ฏธ์‚ฌ)์—์„œ ์œ ๋ž˜๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
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Cortisone is a C21-steroid that is pregn-4-ene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 17 and 21 and oxo group at positions 3, 11 and 20. It has a role as a human metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a 17alpha-hydroxy steroid, a 21-hydroxy steroid, an 11-oxo steroid, a 20-oxo steroid, a C21-steroid, a 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid, a primary alpha-hydroxy ketone, a tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone and a glucocorticoid. It derives from a hydride of a pregnane.
๋‚˜๋ฆฐ์ œ๋‹Œ(Naringenin)์€ ํ’๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ณ  ๋ฌด์ƒ‰์˜ ํ”Œ๋ผ๋ฐ”๋…ผ์œผ๋กœ์„œ, ํ”Œ๋ผ๋ณด๋…ธ์ด๋“œ์˜ ์ผ์ข…์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ˆ์ดํ”„ํ”„๋ฃจํŠธ์˜ ์ง€๋ฐฐ์ ์ธ ํ”Œ๋ผ๋ฐ”๋…ผ์œผ๋กœ์„œ, ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‹๋ฌผ๊ณผ ํ—ˆ๋ธŒ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋œ๋‹ค.
0
Biphenyl is a natural product found in Swertia japonica, Zea mays, and other organisms with data available.
๋ฒค์กฐํŽ˜๋…ผ(์˜์–ด: benzophenone)์€ ํ™”ํ•™์‹ C6H5)2CO๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์œ ๊ธฐ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ์œ ๊ธฐ์šฉ์•ก์— ๋…น๋Š” ๋ฐฑ์ƒ‰ ๊ณ ์ฒด์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฒค์กฐํŽ˜๋…ผ์€ ์œ ๊ธฐํ™”ํ•™์˜ ๋นŒ๋”ฉ ๋ธ”๋ก์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ž‰ํฌ, ์ด๋ฏธ์ง•, ์ธ์‡„ ์‚ฐ์—…์˜ ํด๋ฆฌ์–ด ์ฝ”ํŒ… ๋“ฑ UV ํ์–ด๋ง ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ๊ด‘๊ฐœ์‹œ์ œ(photo initiator)๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
0
Proline (symbol Pro or P) is an organic acid classed as a proteinogenic amino acid (used in the biosynthesis of proteins), although it does not contain the amino group -NH2 but is rather a secondary amine. The secondary amine nitrogen is in the protonated form (NH2+) under biological conditions, while the carboxyl group is in the deprotonated โˆ’COOโˆ’ form. The "side chain" from the ฮฑ carbon connects to the nitrogen forming a pyrrolidine loop, classifying it as a aliphatic amino acid. It is non-essential in humans, meaning the body can synthesize it from the non-essential amino acid L-glutamate. It is encoded by all the codons starting with CC (CCU, CCC, CCA, and CCG). Proline is the only proteinogenic amino acid which is a secondary amine, as the nitrogen atom is attached both to the ฮฑ-carbon and to a chain of three carbons that together form a five-membered ring.
ํ”ผ๋ผ์ง„(์˜์–ด: pyrazine)์€ ๋ถ„์ž์‹์ด C4H4N2์ธ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์กฑ ํ—คํ…Œ๋กœ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ ์œ ๊ธฐ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ํ”ผ๋ผ์ง„์€ ์ ๊ตฐ D2h๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๋Œ€์ง• ๋ถ„์ž์ด๋‹ค. ํ”ผ๋ผ์ง„์€ ํ”ผ๋ฆฌ๋”˜, ํ”ผ๋ฆฌ๋‹ค์ง„ ๋ฐ ํ”ผ๋ฆฌ๋ฏธ๋”˜๋ณด๋‹ค ๋œ ์—ผ๊ธฐ์„ฑ์ด๋‹ค. ํŽ˜๋‚˜์ง„๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์œ ๋„์ฒด๋Š” ํ•ญ์ข…์–‘์ œ, ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ ๋ฐ ์ด๋‡จ ์ž‘์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ”ผ๋ผ์ง„ ๋ฐ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์•Œํ‚ฌํ”ผ๋ผ์ง„์€ ์ œ๋นต ๋ฐ ๋กœ์ŠคํŒ… ์ œํ’ˆ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์กฑ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ํ…ŒํŠธ๋ผ๋ฉ”ํ‹ธํ”ผ๋ผ์ง„์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๋‹คํ˜•ํ•ต ๋ฐฑํ˜ˆ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ดˆ๊ณผ์‚ฐํ™”๋ฌผ์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์ผ์‚ฐํ™” ์งˆ์†Œ์˜ ์ƒ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
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Tryptophan (symbol Trp or W) is an ฮฑ-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. Tryptophan contains an ฮฑ-amino group, an ฮฑ-carboxylic acid group, and a side chain indole, making it a polar molecule with a non-polar aromatic beta carbon substituent. Tryptophan is also a precursor to the neurotransmitter serotonin, the hormone melatonin, and vitamin B3 (niacin). It is encoded by the codon UGG. Like other amino acids, tryptophan is a zwitterion at physiological pH where the amino group is protonated (โ€“NH+3; pKa 2.38). Humans and many animals cannot synthesize tryptophan: they need to obtain it through their diet, making it an essential amino acid. Tryptophan is named after the digestive enzymes trypsin, which were used in its first isolation from casein proteins. It was assigned the one-letter symbol W based on the double ring being visually suggestive to the bulky letter.
๋ฉ”ํ‹ธ ์•„์„ธํ…Œ์ดํŠธ๋Š” MeOAc, ์•„์„ธํŠธ์‚ฐ ๋ฉ”ํ‹ธ ์—์Šคํ…Œ๋ฅด ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฉ”ํ‹ธ ์—ํƒ€๋…ธ์—์ดํŠธ๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š”๋ฐ, ํ™”ํ•™์‹์ด CH3COOCH3 ์ธ ์นด๋ฅด๋ณต์‹ค๋ ˆ์ดํŠธ ์—์Šคํ…Œ๋ฅด์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ถ€ ์ ‘์ฐฉ์ œ์™€ ๋งค๋‹ˆํ์–ด ์ œ๊ฑฐ์ œ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ํŠน์œ ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ถ„ ์ข‹์€ ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์—ฐ์„ฑ ์•ก์ฒด์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฉ”ํ‹ธ ์•„์„ธํ…Œ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ๊ทน์„ฑ์ด ์•ฝํ•˜์—ฌ ์นœ์œ ์„ฑ ์šฉ๋งค๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋” ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ์นœ์ฒ™์ธ ์—ํ‹ธ ์•„์„ธํ…Œ์ดํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๋…์„ฑ์ด ๋œํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์— ๋œ ์šฉํ•ด๋˜์–ด ์šฉ๋งค๋กœ ๋”์šฑ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ฉ”ํ‹ธ ์•„์„ธํ…Œ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์‹ค์˜จ์—์„œ ๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์šฉํ•ด๋„๊ฐ€ 25%์ธ๋ฐ ๊ณ ์˜จ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์šฉํ•ด๋„๊ฐ€ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋†’๋‹ค. ๋ฉ”ํ‹ธ ์•„์„ธํ…Œ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์„ฑ ์—ผ๊ธฐ ๋˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์„ฑ ์‚ฐ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์•ˆ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ๋ฉ”ํ‹ธ ์•„์„ธํ…Œ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ํœ˜๋ฐœ์„ฑ ์œ ๊ธฐํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ (VOC)๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.
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Cetirizine is a member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine in which the hydrogens attached to nitrogen are replaced by a (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl and a 2-(carboxymethoxy)ethyl group respectively. It has a role as an anti-allergic agent, a H1-receptor antagonist, an environmental contaminant and a xenobiotic. It is a monocarboxylic acid, a member of piperazines, a member of monochlorobenzenes and an ether.
ํŠธ๋ผ์กฐ๋ˆ(Trazodone)์€ SARI(์„ธ๋กœํ† ๋‹Œ ๊ธธํ•ญ์ œ ๋ฐ ์žฌํก์ˆ˜ ์–ต์ œ์ œ) ๊ณ„์—ด์— ์†ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•ญ์šฐ์šธ์ œ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ตญ๋‚ด์—์„  ๊ตญ์ œ์•ฝํ’ˆ์˜ 'ํŠธ๋ฆฌํ‹ฐ์ฝ”'๋ฅผ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ, ๋ช…์ธ์ œ์•ฝ์˜ '๋ช…์ธํŠธ๋ผ์กฐ๋ˆ'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒํ’ˆ๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ๋งค๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
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Pristanic acid is a branched, long-chain saturated fatty acid composed of pentadecanoic acid having methyl substituents at the 2-, 6-, 10- and 14-positions. It has a role as a human metabolite. It is a branched-chain saturated fatty acid, a long-chain fatty acid and a methyl-branched fatty acid. It is a conjugate acid of a pristanate.
์•„์„ธํ† ํŽ˜๋…ผ(์˜์–ด: acetophenone)์€ ํ™”ํ•™์‹ C6H5C(O)CH3์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์œ ๊ธฐ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ฑ ์ผ€ํ†ค์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฌด์ƒ‰์˜ ์ ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์•ก์ฒด์ด๋‹ค. 19์„ธ๊ธฐ ๋ง, 20์„ธ๊ธฐ ์ดˆ์— ์•„์„ธํ† ํŽ˜๋…ผ์€ ์˜๋ฃŒ์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. Hypnone์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด์ œ์™€ ํ•ญ๊ฒฝ๋ จ์ œ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด‘๊ณ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
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Pyridazine is an aromatic, heterocyclic, organic compound with the molecular formula C4H4N2. It contains a six-membered ring with two adjacent nitrogen atoms. It is a colorless liquid with a boiling point of 208 ยฐC. It is isomeric with two other diazine (C4H4N2) rings, pyrimidine and pyrazine.
์˜ฅ์‚ผ์‚ฐ(์˜์–ด: oxamic acid)์€ ํ™”ํ•™์‹์ด NH2C(O)COOH์ธ ์œ ๊ธฐ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ์˜ฅ์‚ผ์‚ฐ์€ ํฐ์ƒ‰์˜ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์„ฑ ๊ณ ์ฒด์ด๋‹ค. ์˜ฅ์‚ผ์‚ฐ์€ ์˜ฅ์‚ด์‚ฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋…ธ์•„๋งˆ์ด๋“œ์ด๋‹ค. ์˜ฅ์‚ผ์‚ฐ์€ ์ –์‚ฐ ํƒˆ์ˆ˜์†Œํšจ์†Œ A๋ฅผ ์ €ํ•ดํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ –์‚ฐ ํƒˆ์ˆ˜์†Œํšจ์†Œ(LDH)์˜ ํ™œ์„ฑ ๋ถ€์œ„๋Š” ์ผ๋‹จ ์˜ฅ์‚ผ์‚ฐ์ด LDH-NADH ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ฒด์— ๋ถ€์ฐฉ๋˜์–ด ์ด๋ฅผ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ €ํ•ดํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ซํžŒ๋‹ค. ์˜ฅ์‚ผ์‚ฐ์€ ๊ณ ๋ถ„์žํ™”ํ•™์—๋„ ํ™œ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ์˜ฅ์‚ผ์‚ฐ์€ ์˜ฅ์‚ผ์‚ฐ๊ณผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ํด๋ฆฌ์—์Šคํ„ฐ, ์—ํญ์‚ฌ์ด๋“œ, ์•„ํฌ๋ฆด์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ํŠน์ • ์ค‘ํ•ฉ์ฒด์˜ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์„ฑ์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค.
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Homogentisic acid is a dihydroxyphenylacetic acid having the two hydroxy substituents at the 2- and 5-positions. It has a role as a human metabolite and a plant metabolite. It is a dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and a member of hydroquinones. It is functionally related to a phenylacetic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a homogentisate.
์•„๊ทธ๋งˆํ‹ด(์˜์–ด: agmatine)์€ 1910๋…„์— ์•Œ๋ธŒ๋ ˆํžˆํŠธ ์ฝ”์…€์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋œ ์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ๊ตฌ์•„๋‹ˆ๋”˜์ด๋‹ค. 1-(4-์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ๋ทฐํ‹ธ)๊ตฌ์•„๋‹ˆ๋”˜(์˜์–ด: 1-(4-aminobutyl)guanidine)์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๊ทธ๋งˆํ‹ด์€ ์•„๋ฅด์ง€๋‹Œ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ž์—ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ์•„๊ทธ๋งˆํ‹ด์€ ํŠนํžˆ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ถ„์ž์  ํ‘œ์ ์—์„œ ์กฐ์ ˆ ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์ „๋‹ฌ๋ฌผ์งˆ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ, ์ด์˜จ ํ†ต๋กœ, ์ผ์‚ฐํ™” ์งˆ์†Œ(NO) ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ํด๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฏผ์˜ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ž ์žฌ์ ์ธ ์‘์šฉ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค.
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Diphenhydramine is an ether that is the benzhydryl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol. It is a H1-receptor antagonist used as a antipruritic and antitussive drug. It has a role as a H1-receptor antagonist, an antiemetic, a sedative, an anti-allergic agent, a muscarinic antagonist, an antiparkinson drug, an antipruritic drug, a local anaesthetic, an antidyskinesia agent, an antitussive and a oneirogen. It is an ether and a tertiary amino compound.
๋””ํŽœํžˆ๋“œ๋ผ๋ฏผ(๋ผํ‹ด์–ด: diphenhydramine, หŒdaษชfษ›nหˆhaษชdrษ™miหn; DPH ๋˜๋Š” DHM)์€ ์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ธฐ์˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ œ๋กœ์จ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” 1์„ธ๋Œ€ ํ•ญํžˆ์Šคํƒ€๋ฏผ์ œ์ด๋‹ค. ์ „์ง ์‹ ์‹œ๋„คํ‹ฐ ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ต์ˆ˜์ธ ์กฐ์ง€ ๋ผ์ด๋ฒ ์Šคํด์ด 1943๋…„์— ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜์—ฌ 1946๋…„ FDA์—์„œ ํ†ต๊ณผ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒํ’ˆ๋ช… ๋ฒ ๋‚˜๋“œ๋ฆด์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์กด์Šจ ์•ค ์กด์Šจ์ด ์‹œํŒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
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UDP-alpha-D-glucuronic acid is a UDP-sugar having alpha-D-glucuronic acid as the sugar component. It has a role as a human metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is functionally related to an alpha-D-glucuronic acid. It is a conjugate acid of an UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate(3-).
์—๋น„์Šคํƒ€(Evista) ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ƒํ’ˆ๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋งค๋˜๋Š” ๋ž„๋ก์‹œํŽœ(raloxifene)์€ ํ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ์ดํ›„ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ธ€๋ฃจ์ฝ”์ฝ”๋ฅดํ‹ฐ์ฝ”์ด๋“œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ค‘์ธ ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ๊ณจ๋‹ค๊ณต์ฆ์„ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ณจ๋‹ค๊ณต์ฆ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์šฉ์œผ๋กœ์„œ๋Š” ๋น„์Šคํฌ์Šคํฌ๋„ค์ดํŠธ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋œ ์„ ํ˜ธ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์œ ๋ฐฉ์•” ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ์—์„œ ์œ ๋ฐฉ์•” ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ๊ตฌ๋กœ ํˆฌ์—ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ”ํ•œ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์—๋Š” ์•ˆ๋ฉดํ™์กฐ, ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ฅ, ์ข…์ฐฝ, ๊ด€์ ˆํ†ต ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์—๋Š” ํ˜ˆ์ „ ํ˜•์„ฑ์ด๋‚˜ ๋‡Œ์กธ์ค‘์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ž„์‹  ์ค‘ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์‹œ ์•„๊ธฐ์—๊ฒŒ ์œ ํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์›”๊ฒฝ ์‹œ ์ฆ์ƒ์„ ์•…ํ™”์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ž„๋ก์‹œํŽœ์€ ์„ ํƒ์  ์—์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ๊ฒ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด ์กฐ์ ˆ์ œ(SERM)์œผ๋กœ, ์—์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ๊ฒ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ์ž‘์šฉ์ œ-๊ธธํ•ญ์ œ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ์—์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ๊ฒ์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ผˆ์—, ํ•ญ์—์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ๊ฒ ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ์œ ๋ฐฉ๊ณผ ์ž๊ถ์— ์ž‘์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ž„๋ก์‹œํŽœ์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ 1997๋…„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด ์Šน์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณต์ œ์•ฝ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์ด์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. 2020๋…„ ๊ธฐ์ค€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ 1๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๊ฑด ์ด์ƒ ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ๋˜์–ด 292๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ํ”ํžˆ ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ๋œ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋ก๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
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Undecane (also known as hendecane) is a liquid alkane hydrocarbon with the chemical formula CH3(CH2)9CH3. It is used as a mild sex attractant for various types of moths and cockroaches, and an alert signal for a variety of ants. It has 159 isomers. Undecane may also be used as an internal standard in gas chromatography when working with other hydrocarbons. Since the boiling point of undecane (196 ยฐC) is well known, it may be used as a comparison for retention times in a gas chromatograph for molecules whose structure has been freshly elucidated. For example, if one is working with a 50 m crosslinked methyl silicone capillary column with an oven temperature increasing slowly, beginning around 60 ยฐC, an 11-carbon molecule like undecane may be used as an internal standard to be compared with the retention times of other 10-, 11-, or 12- carbon molecules, depending on their structures.
์˜ฅ์‹œํ† ์‹ (Oxytocin, OXT, OT)์€ ๋“ฑ๋ผˆ ๋™๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๋ฌด์ฒ™์ถ” ๋™๋ฌผ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์˜ ๋‡Œํ•˜์ˆ˜์ฒด ํ›„์—ฝ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ์—์„œ ๋ถ„๋น„๋˜๋Š” ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์ „๋‹ฌ๋ฌผ์งˆ ์ฆ‰, ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณดํ†ต ์ž๊ถ์ˆ˜์ถ• ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณดํ†ต ์ž๊ถ ๋‚ด์˜ ๊ทผ์œก์„ ์ˆ˜์ถ•์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์ž‘์šฉ์— ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์–ด ์ž๊ถ ์ˆ˜์ถ•์ œ๋‚˜ ์ง„ํ†ต ์ด‰์ง„์ œ๋กœ ์“ฐ๋ฉฐ ์œ ์„ ์˜ ๊ทผ์„ฌ์œ ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ถ•์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ –์˜ ๋ถ„๋น„๋ฅผ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์—๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค.
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Piperonyl butoxide is a member of benzodioxoles. It has a role as a pesticide synergist.
๋ทฐํƒ€ํด๋กœ๋ฅด(Butachlor)๋Š” ์•„์„ธํŠธ์•„๋‹๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๊ณ„์—ด์˜ ์ œ์ดˆ์ œ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ฌผ์งˆ์€ ์„ ํƒ์  ์ œ์ดˆ์ œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ธ๋„์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•œ ์ดํ›„ ์ œ์ดˆ์ œ๋กœ์„œ ์Œ€์˜ ๊ณผ๋ฆฝ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
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Benzophenone is a naturally occurring organic compound with the formula (C6H5)2CO, generally abbreviated Ph2CO. Benzophenone has been found in some fungi, fruits and plants, including grapes. It is a white solid with a low melting point and rose-like odor that is soluble in organic solvents. Benzophenone is the simplest diaromatic ketone. It is a widely used building block in organic chemistry, being the parent diarylketone.
์ฐจ์•„๋ธŒ๋กฌ์‚ฐ(Hypobromous acid)์€ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •ํ•œ ์•ฝ์‚ฐ (ํ™”ํ•™), ์‚ฐ์†Œ์‚ฐ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋ถ„์ž์‹์€ HBrO์ด๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์šฉ์•ก์œผ๋กœ์„œ๋งŒ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ์„ฑ์งˆ๊ณผ ํ™”ํ•™์  ์„ฑ์งˆ์€ ์ฐจ์•„์—ผ์†Œ์‚ฐ์˜ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๋‹ค.
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