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The governance of floods in urbanizing regions of Thailand is significantly constrained by institutional traps. Comparisons of the impacts and governance responses to major flood events in Chiang Mai, Ayutthaya and Bangkok in 2005-06 and 2011 suggests that there has been very little policy learning. Institutional traps remain as important now as they were more than a decade ago. Dominant policy narratives help maintain institutional traps by promoting solutions that reduce organizational risks, like the transfer of responsibilities to local communities, or reflect organizational interests and professional norms. Policy narratives will need to be challenged or transformed if progress in building urban resilience to floods is to be made. | Lebel, L; Lebel, P | Policy narratives help maintain institutional traps in the governance of floods in Thailand | International Journal Of Water Resources Development | https://doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2017.1336989 |
Global and national strategy emphasises land use planning as a key mechanism for disaster risk reduction (DRR). The practice of planning for natural hazards is devolved to local levels, making the capacity of local government critical for achieving strategic DRR goals. This study assessed the capacity of local governments in Australia to plan for natural hazards. Many Local Government Areas (LGAs) had satisfactory or good hazard planning provision, but remoteness, land area and council size influence poor hazard planning provision. Strategic intent for land use planning as a DRR mechanism is unlikely to be successful in many LGAs without first addressing place-based capacity constraints on hazard planning. | McGregor, J; Parsons, M; Glavac, S | Local Government Capacity and Land Use Planning for Natural Hazards: A Comparative Evaluation of Australian Local Government Areas | Planning Practice And Research | https://doi.org/10.1080/02697459.2021.1919431 |
This article analyses participants' reasoning for their city's membership in transnational municipal networks and the extent to which this changes over time. Theoretically, we build on new-institutional theory and conclude that although parts of the members' reasoning have rational components, a discursive institutional perspective improves the understanding of cities' membership of transnational municipal networks. This perspective uncovers how important aspects of transnational municipal network participation are motivated by a different logic than that of measurable output. Cities use transnational municipal networks as sources of internal and external legitimacy, to legitimatise their position in domestic politics and their international position among other 'global' cities. | Gronnestad, S; Nielsen, AB | Institutionalising city networking: Discursive and rational choice institutional perspectives on membership of transnational municipal networks | Urban Studies | https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980211061450 |
This paper describes the discussions on flood control in Japan, recently adding climate change, and the activities of the Japan International Cooperation Agency for disaster risk reduction. JICA led the negotiations of the UN Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030, as a main member of the government of Japan. The Sustainable Development Goals' demand to 'leave no one behind' requires that the social system protect even the poorest people who live in disaster-prone areas. Local disaster risk reduction planning plays an indispensable role; and JICA wrote an eight-step methodology to formulate these plans. The emphasis in each country needs to shift from planning to implementation. | Takahasi, Y; Takeya, K; Inaoka, M; Ono, W; Sasaoka, K | Reflections on flood control in Japan and recommendations for developing countries | International Journal Of Water Resources Development | https://doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2019.1694868 |
This article advances theory and methods for integrating sustainable livelihoods approaches (SLAs) with assessments of adaptive capacity to climate change. The livelihoods concept has been inconsistently applied in research on human dimensions of global environmental change, resulting in limited understanding about how development programmes and policies influence adaptive capacity. Encouraging reflection on the conceptual and methodological overlaps of livelihoods and adaptation, I suggest a process-oriented approach to adaptation that centres on how adaptive capacity is unevenly shaped. Livelihoods analytical frameworks can help visualize complex adaptation pathways, illuminating how households and individuals come to differ in their capacities to adapt to climate change. | Clay, N | Integrating livelihoods approaches with research on development and climate change adaptation | Progress In Development Studies | https://doi.org/10.1177/1464993417735923 |
We propose measuring vulnerability of selected outcome variables of concern (e.g. agricultural yield) to identified stressors (e.g. climate change) as a function of the state of the variables of concern relative to a threshold of damage, the sensitivity of the variables to the stressors, and the magnitude and frequency of the stressors to which the system is exposed. In addition, we provide a framework for assessing the extent adaptive capacity can reduce vulnerable conditions. We illustrate the utility of this approach by evaluating the vulnerability of wheat yields to climate change and market fluctuations in the Yaqui Valley, Mexico. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. | Luers, AL; Lobell, DB; Sklar, LS; Addams, CL; Matson, PA | A method for quantifying vulnerability, applied to the agricultural system of the Yaqui Valley, Mexico | Global Environmental Change-Human And Policy Dimensions | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0959-3780(03)00054-2 |
A literature survey indicates that farmers can adopt many strategies to cope with climate change. On the basis of 160 interviews in Gujarat, India, this paper examines which coping strategies are used by farmers and how government policies influence farmer behaviour. This paper concludes that the impressive drought relief framework focuses more on ex post, short-term responses and does not take into account the potential impacts of climate change or the actual experiences of the poorest farmers. Further, some farmers are able to access the variety of policy assistance that the state offers, but credit and insurance schemes remain out of reach for farmers with low credit ratings and large rain-fed farms. | Mwinjaka, O; Gupta, J; Bresser, T | Adaptation strategies of the poorest farmers in drought-prone Gujarat | Climate And Development | https://doi.org/10.3763/cdev.2010.0058 |
In this paper, we study the relationship between resilience and sustainable development in order to determine the place of road resilience in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) such as climate action and energy transition. This study shows that road resilience is inseparable from adaptation to climate change, its mitigation and the energy transition. Therefore we address the issue of adapting road infrastructure to climate change and to the decarbonization of transport. It also emphasizes that resilience of road infrastructure is a necessary condition for any adaptation strategy and reminds us that the contribution of road transport to climate change mitigation overlaps in practice with the decarbonization goal resulting from energy transition. | Dimnet, E | 3 KEY NOTIONS FOR ROAD TRANSPORT SUSTAINABILITY: RESILIENCE, CLIMATE ACTION AND ENERGY TRANSITION | Romanian Journal Of Transport Infrastructure | https://doi.org/10.2478/rjti-2022-0002 |
The UK is one of the first countries in the world to have set up a statutory system of national climate risk assessments followed by a national adaptation programme. Having this legal framework has been essential for enabling adaptation at the government level in a challenging political environment. However, using this framework to create an improvement in resilience to climate change across the country requires more than publishing a set of documents; it requires careful thought about what interventions work, how they can be enabled and what level of risk acceptability individuals, organizations and the country should be aiming for. This article is part of the theme issue 'Advances in risk assessment for climate change adaptation policy'. | Brown, K; DiMauro, M; Johns, D; Holmes, G; Thompson, D; Russell, A; Style, D | Turning risk assessment and adaptation policy priorities into meaningful interventions and governance processes | Philosophical Transactions Of The Royal Society A-Mathematical Physical And Engineering Sciences | https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2017.0303 |
Due to increasingly frequent incidents of pluvial flooding of public spaces and private properties, climate-adaptive building and urban water management are gaining momentum in Dutch water governance. This study assesses the Dutch approach to urban water management by looking at the governance approaches of three of the largest Dutch municipalities: Amsterdam, Rotterdam and Utrecht. By analyzing the municipalities' governance approaches in a holistic way, paying attention to knowledge, organization and implementation, the research provides good practices in terms of different aspects of resilience as well as lessons regarding setting performance indicators in service levels, clarifying responsibility division, applying binding rules instead of soft policies, and more. | Dai, LP; Wörner, R; van Rijswick, HFMW | Rainproof cities in the Netherlands: approaches in Dutch water governance to climate-adaptive urban planning | International Journal Of Water Resources Development | https://doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2017.1372273 |
Cities in many countries have begun taking on responsibility for identifying, analyzing and evaluating local risks resulting from climate change. The complexity of the task at hand provides a number of institutional challenges to city governments, civil society, and private businesses. Four key barriers to effective adaptation can be identified: understanding emerging scientific information about climate change hazards and their impact on cities; understanding how broader socio-economic processes influence urban vulnerabilities; integrating information about climate risk and vulnerability into local planning processes and development agendas; and the lack of suitable governance frameworks for climate risk management in cities. This review provides an overview of recent research that analyses these four areas of institutional constraint. | Fünfgeld, H | Institutional challenges to climate risk management in cities | Current Opinion In Environmental Sustainability | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2010.07.001 |
Planned adaptations are commonly adopted by governments considering large-scale socio-economic and political interventions, while local communities innovate their adaptive responses using locally available resources - also known as autonomous adaptation. Congruence between planned and autonomous adaptation is needed to develop a concerted and effective effort to minimize the negative impacts of context-specific vulnerability. This paper offers a systematic framework for building congruence between planned and autonomous adaptation using a six-step approach to guide their integration while maintaining an environment for future autonomous innovations. We applied this framework to previously conducted case studies in Spain, Bangladesh and Canada, revealing key lessons for using autonomous adaptation as leverage points for sustainable climate adaptation. | Rahman, HMT; Albizua, A; Soubry, B; Tourangeau, W | A framework for using autonomous adaptation as a leverage point in sustainable climate adaptation | Climate Risk Management | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2021.100376 |
River floods in Norway have proven devastating for communities and individuals for centuries. Although usually incurring few flood fatalities, the Norwegian population is still vulnerable to river floods in that important infrastructure and other economic assets are located in flood zones. In trying to explain this vulnerability, this paper applies the Pressure and Release model. Two main root causes are identified: Norway's political and economic systems. The political system creates dynamic pressures in terms of governance issues permitting decision making that increases river flood vulnerability. The economic system creates a different dynamic pressure through the insurance system that leaves Norwegian municipalities with few economic incentives to leave flood zones undeveloped. | Rauken, T; Kelman, I | River flood vulnerability in Norway through the pressure and release model | Journal Of Flood Risk Management | https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-318X.2010.01080.x |
This paper investigates the need for a generic technique to be applied in the assessment of resilience related projects in slums - particularly for localised infrastructure at a community level - and proposes a novel framework tool for this purpose. The paper outlines the development of the framework tool, as well as its pilot testing on the Kenya Slum Upgrading Programme in Kibera, Nairobi. The evaluation demonstrates an improvement in asset base, capacities and external resources for the community post intervention. The lack of land tenure was identified to be a key weakness and factor which impacted resilience of the local residents. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. | Woolf, S; Twigg, J; Parikh, P; Karaoglou, A; Cheaib, T | Towards measurable resilience: A novel framework tool for the assessment of resilience levels in slums | International Journal Of Disaster Risk Reduction | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2016.08.003 |
This Article discusses the challenges and opportunities facing efforts to shape a transition toward more sustainable relations between humans and their planet. It begins with a review of international goals for human development and environmental conservation, past trends in interactions between the Earth's social and natural systems that set the stage for contemporary efforts to meet those goals, and some of the foreseeable problems that will have to be addressed in the years ahead. Arguing that the successful strategies for navigating a sustainability transition will necessarily be knowledge intensive, the Article discusses strategies for social learning about sustainability. It closes with a review of the institutional reforms that will be necessary to implement such strategies. | Clark, WC | A transition toward sustainability | Ecology Law Quarterly | null |
There have been many events connected with damaging abundance of water in Polish towns in recent decades. Some of them have been caused by flood waves on rivers passing through towns. Others have been caused by intense precipitation overwhelming the capacity of storm sewer systems. A brief review of the topical area of urban floods in Poland in last decades is provided. Mechanisms responsible for increase of flood risk are discussed in a systematic manner. In result of multiple mechanisms, the frequency of inundations has increased and is likely to increase further. Examples of sustainable management issues related to floods are reviewed. Flood protection and flood preparedness are examined in the sustainability context. | Kundzewicz, ZW; Kowalczak, P | Urban Flooding and Sustainable Land Management - Polish Perspective | Problemy Ekorozwoju | null |
Climate change manifesting in inconsistent rainfall has affected subsistence agriculture, posing a threat to food security in South Africa. Women are central in food production, hence this study explores their experiences of climate change, focusing on the challenges and adaptation strategies. The study was conducted in KwaZulu-Natal, using a qualitative approach. The study found that women have been experiencing a reduction in harvests, owing to drought. Additionally, diversification of livelihoods through fishing has been affected, as water sources have also dried up. Interventions that capacitate and equip rural communities with technologies and resources to implement climate-smart agricultural solutions are recommended. | Masinga, FN; Maharaj, P; Nzima, D | Adapting to changing climatic conditions: perspectives and experiences of women in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa | Development In Practice | https://doi.org/10.1080/09614524.2021.1937542 |
Insurance is overlooked in planning practice and research. Focusing on house and contents insurance in Australia's disaster-prone areas, I describe why the impacts of insurance availability and pricing on urban form requires greater attention from planners. With increasing climate change-related risks, the growing influence of insurance and insurers is exacerbating social and financial inequity: fostering disadvantaged enclaves and protected pockets of wealth, and sustaining insurer profits. I call for the better integration of insurance within planning, particularly a more considered and careful mobilization of insurance in disaster preparation. I present four research questions for advancing planning in disaster-prone urban areas. | Booth, K | Profiteering from Disaster: Why Planners Need to be Paying More Attention to Insurance | Planning Practice And Research | https://doi.org/10.1080/02697459.2018.1430458 |
Climate and human-induced changes have created major challenges for attaining sustainable agriculture throughout the world. Water scarcity is one of the most serious challenges facing agricultural communities in the process of continued productivity. In striving to mitigate the vicissitudes presented by disasters, new paradigms that include resilience theory have been incorporated into studies of sustainability. Resilience of social-ecological systems is viewed as an important way of foreseeing and adapting to possible changes. This article explores the relationship between resilience and sustainability. Also, the types of social strategies that exist for building resilience among farmers and their households to support sustainable agriculture in the conditions of water scarcity are examined. | Maleksaeidi, H; Karami, E | Social-Ecological Resilience and Sustainable Agriculture Under Water Scarcity | Agroecology And Sustainable Food Systems | https://doi.org/10.1080/10440046.2012.746767 |
The nature of adaptation to climate variability in the Southwest US is explored using the Middle San Pedro River Valley in southern Arizona as a case study. An integrated vulnerability assessment focuses on the dynamic interaction of natural climatic and hydrological systems with socio-economic systems, This approach reveals that residents in the study region do not perceive short-term or long-term vulnerability to climate variability or climate change. The paper uses an ethnographic field approach to examine the. technical and organizational factors that constitute the adaptation process and reduce vulnerability to climate in the valley, It concludes by discussing the potential dangers of ignoring climate in a rapidly growing, semi-arid environment. | Finan, TJ; West, CT; Austin, D; McGuire, T | Processes of adaptation to climate variability: a case study from the US Southwest | Climate Research | https://doi.org/10.3354/cr021299 |
Rural women in Botswana are predominantly dependent on subsistence agriculture and natural products from the wild (natural environment). The effects of climate change and variability affect their sources of livelihoods. Over the years, through experience and interaction women have developed resilience to climate variability and change. Through government policy implementation and traditional knowledge, women have managed to protect themselves against adverse effects of climate change. This paper investigates how rural women have developed resilience to climate change and variability. The emerging main adaptive strategies used by women are social interaction (and social learning) and the integration of local knowledge and new technologies to improve on their resilience to climate change. | Ketlhoilwe, MJ | Improving resilience to protect women against adverse effects of climate change | Climate And Development | https://doi.org/10.1080/17565529.2013.789788 |
Adaptive co-management is a governance approach gaining recognition. It emphasizes pluralism and communication; shared decision-making and authority; linkages within and among levels; actor autonomy; and, learning and adaptation. Adaptive co-management is just starting to be applied for climate change adaptation. In drawing upon adaptive co-management scholarship and a case in progress of application for climate change adaptation in Niagara, Canada, key considerations for the Barents Euro-Arctic Region are identified. Realistic expectations, sensitivity to context, and cultivating conditions for success are highlighted as key considerations for future efforts to implement adaptive co-management approaches in the Barents Region. | Plummer, R; Baird, J | Adaptive Co-Management for Climate Change Adaptation: Considerations for the Barents Region | Sustainability | https://doi.org/10.3390/su5020629 |
Regimes of agricultural modernization and climate change adaptation have converged in Rwanda under the banner of 'climate smart agriculture'. Findings from a study with four agrarian communities show how external agendas of climate smartness can undermine locally rooted strategies for navigating social and environmental uncertainties. Through a focus on two crops (maize and sweet potato), this paper illustrates how climate resilience can be viewed as an uneven and incomplete process situated in peasants' struggles for viability, autonomy, and wellbeing. I suggest that attention to everyday adaptations can help researchers and practitioners think beyond the technical adjustments that currently dominate institutionalized responses to climate change. | Clay, N | Uneven resilience and everyday adaptation: making Rwanda's green revolution 'climate smart' | Journal Of Peasant Studies | https://doi.org/10.1080/03066150.2022.2112673 |
Adaptation to climate change is being planned and implemented across the developing world. As billions of development aid dollars are being mobilised around this new theme there are risks that adaptation efforts of the development sector will result in familiar problems. In this paper we draw upon postdevelopment perspectives that critically consider development aid and the role of the development sector to scrutinise emerging approaches to adaptation. We suggest that a postdevelopment approach to adaptation contributes a much-needed analysis of the agendas that are shaping adaptation discourses and helps us to see nascent possibilities for adaptation that are already unfolding in diverse localities. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. | Ireland, P; McKinnon, K | Strategic localism for an uncertain world: A postdevelopment approach to climate change adaptation | Geoforum | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2013.01.005 |
The paradox motivating this article is why California has acted globally by enacting a comprehensive mitigation policy to reduce the emissions of Greenhouse gases, a true public good since the benefits will be shared across the planet, but has not mustered the will to act locally through the adoption of an equally comprehensive adaptation policy for the state to protect its own public and private assets and interests. We attempt to explain the paradox by identifying what it is that differentiates climate change adaptation from mitigation, both substantively and politically. The paradox notwithstanding, we identify several imaginable adaptation policies and strategies that would be commensurate with individual and collective self-interested behavior. | Mazmanian, DA; Jurewitz, J; Nelson, HT | The Paradox of Acting Globally While Thinking Locally: Discordance in Climate Change Adaption Policy | Journal Of Environment & Development | https://doi.org/10.1177/1070496512471947 |
Despite growing scientific consensus that agriculture is affected by climate change and variability, there is still limited knowledge on how agricultural systems respond to climate risks under different circumstances. Drawing on three case studies conducted in the Indo-Gangetic Plains, covering Nepal, Bangladesh, and the Indian state of Punjab, this article analyzes agricultural adaptation practices to climate change. In particular, we examine how farmers and other agricultural actors understand and respond to climate change. We identify a variety of adaptation practices related to changes in cropping system, technological innovations, and institutional changes. We also explore key challenges related to such emerging adaptive innovation processes in the region. | Ojha, HR; Sulaiman, R; Sultana, P; Dahal, K; Thapa, D; Mittal, N; Thompson, P; Bhatta, GD; Ghimire, L; Aggarwal, P | Is South Asian Agriculture Adapting to Climate Change? Evidence from the Indo-Gangetic Plains | Agroecology And Sustainable Food Systems | https://doi.org/10.1080/21683565.2013.841607 |
By sharing best practices and lessons learned among member cities, professional and learning networks have become prominent actors in supporting and shaping local climate change adaptation. I analyze the membership of 18 highly visible adaptation learning networks to determine what cities participate and if networks attract similar cities. I find that the formation of adaptation networks is driven by large, high-capacity cities. Adaptation networks include members of diverse sizes and planning capacity, however, cities with similar levels of social vulnerability and concern with climate change tend to participate in the same networks. Global and regional networks have different patterns of membership. These patterns of membership have important implications for diffusing climate change adaptation between cities. | Woodruff, SC | City membership in climate change adaptation networks | Environmental Science & Policy | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2018.03.002 |
This study focused on the coping strategies that smallholder livestock farmers used in the event of agricultural drought in South Africa. The result revealed that the majority of smallholder farmers sold their livestock, as a coping strategy. Results from the multinomial probit model revealed that the socio-economic and institutional variables influenced smallholder livestock farmers' choice of coping strategies. The study recommends that government and different stakeholders should enhance the resilience of smallholder livestock farmers by improving the efficiency of cooperatives, enhancing government involvement in drought and resilience activities, improve social-network and community involvement in policy implementation and planning, and strengthen communication to disseminate policies and relevant information. | Bahta, YT | Smallholder livestock farmers coping and adaptation strategies to agricultural drought | Aims Agriculture And Food | https://doi.org/10.3934/agrfood.2020.4.964 |
Adopting a framework based on social resilience', this paper analyses path dependency in community resilience, with a specific emphasis on endogenous pathways of change. Path dependencies are shaped by lock-in' effects which shoehorn communities into positive or negative pathways of change. Of particular importance are structural lock-in effects', economic lock-in effects' and socio-psychological lock-ins' which make certain community pathways impossible to implement, and can be severe hindrances for raising community resilience. Community transitions are usually not linear, but can be characterised by transitional ruptures' where the quality of resilience is abruptly changed (positively or negatively). | Wilson, GA | Community resilience: path dependency, lock-in effects and transitional ruptures | Journal Of Environmental Planning And Management | https://doi.org/10.1080/09640568.2012.741519 |
The lack of consensus and consistency in measuring resilience undermines the ability of the development aid community to objectively monitor and verify the effects of programs that are intentionally designed to build resilience. In this paper we compare conceptual and analytical models of resilience used by various development organizations, critically evaluating their strengths and weaknesses from a program implementation and measurement point of view. We provide the reader with a clear synthesis of the literature and a classification system for these resilience models. Lastly, we bridge the 'measurement gap' by mapping each resilience model to their set of indicators and by building a list of indicators and metrics directly distilled from the literature and classified using SMART filters. | Serfilippi, E; Ramnath, G | RESILIENCE MEASUREMENT AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORKS: A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE | Annals Of Public And Cooperative Economics | https://doi.org/10.1111/apce.12202 |
This study investigates US industry-based price response to domestic natural disasters over the period 1960-2015. Using an event study methodology, we estimate pre-, during and post-disaster impacts. We document a slower response in the pre-disaster period than in the post-disaster period. We further find that industries react differently to the same disaster and that reactions are not always negative. For example, meteorological disasters have a positive (negative) market impact on Gold (Banking). Moreover, we provide evidence that not every industry responds similarly to different disasters, e.g., Gold reacts positively (negatively) to meteorological (geophysical) disasters. | Malik, IA; Faff, RW; Chan, KF | Market response of US equities to domestic natural disasters: industry-based evidence | Accounting And Finance | https://doi.org/10.1111/acfi.12484 |
This article investigates principles of social and ecological resilience to natural disasters considering areas of Texas affected by Hurricane Ike. In an effort to address the challenges and opportunities faced by coastal communities in response to natural hazards, a case study approach (incorporating primary and secondary data) following Beatley's (2009) best practices in planning for coastal resiliency was employed. Based on the case analysis and principled outlined, disaster-prone coastal communities need to implement new social and environmental planning strategies to potentially mitigate negative effects of natural disasters that incorporate long-term planning and implementation, coastal management, land use, and structural and non-structural designs. | Kim, H; Woosnam, KM; Aleshinloye, KD | Evaluating Coastal Resilience and Disaster Response: The Case of Galveston and Texas Gulf Counties following Hurricane Ike | Coastal Management | https://doi.org/10.1080/08920753.2014.904188 |
This paper examines the current, lagged, and indirect effects of tropical cyclones on annual sectoral growth worldwide. The main explanatory variable is a new damage measure for local tropical cyclone intensity based on meteorological data weighted for individual sectoral exposure, which is included in a panel analysis for a maximum of 205 countries over the 1970-2015 period. I find a significantly negative influence of tropical cyclones on two sector aggregates including agriculture, as well as trade and tourism. In subsequent years, tropical cyclones negatively affect the majority of all sectors. However, the Input-Output analysis shows that production processes are sticky and indirect economic effects are limited. | Kunze, S | Unraveling the Effects of Tropical Cyclones on Economic Sectors Worldwide: Direct and Indirect Impacts | Environmental & Resource Economics | https://doi.org/10.1007/s10640-021-00541-5 |
There is agreement that the most effective response to the unprecedented confluence of issues that face humanity at the dawn of the third millennium, namely, climate change, economic crisis, and growing energy demand is 1) applied interdisciplinary research involving coupled socio-cultural and ecological systems and 2) practical application of knowledge generated by the sciences. Meaningful examination and understanding of coupled-systems emerges from direct engagement with communities that have faced and adapted to dramatic changes. Drawing from a high latitude (Arctic) case and a high altitude (Alpine case), this paper illustrates that the interplay of cultural values, social structures, and ecosystems services facilitate adaptation. | Kassam, KAS | Coupled socio-cultural and ecological systems at the margins: Arctic and alpine cases | Frontiers Of Earth Science | https://doi.org/10.1007/s11707-010-0008-6 |
This paper investigates the dynamic impact of weather shocks on agricultural total factor productivity (TFP) of Australian broadacre industry, by applying a Panel Error Correction model (PECM) to the data of 32 agricultural regions over the period 1978-2013. In response to weather shocks, farmers take adaptive actions by adjusting their output and input structures to alleviate weather-induced loss in productivity. Moreover, farmers in regions with the least favorable climate condition are found to adapt to weather shocks more rapidly than those in regions with more favorable climate condition. Our finding highlights the importance of public policies to encourage farmers to improve adaptive capacities in the events of weather shock. | Sheng, Y; Zhao, SJ; Yang, SS | Weather shocks, adaptation and agricultural TFP: A cross-region comparison of Australian Broadacre farms | Energy Economics | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2021.105417 |
The effects of the structural adjustments during the 1990s in Mexico as well as the climate change have caused an increased vulnerability in the subhumid tropic agriculture. Studying this process required the application of both in-depth surveys and interviews. In addition, a documentary review was performed. The results show that in this study zone they have quit the cultivation of native corn to replace it with enhanced corn, whose production is intended to satisfy both the domestic and foreign demand. All this brought about an individualization process in the production that undermined the social confidence and solidarity, both of them valuable resources to cope with the climate change. | Casanova-Pérez, L; Martínez-Dávila, JP; López-Ortiz, S; Rosales-Martínez, V | Commercialization of Corn under a Climate-Change and Political Context in the Subhumid Mexican Tropic | Cuadernos De Desarrollo Rural | https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.cdr16-83.mmcp |
Indigenous Peoples of British Columbia have always had to accommodate and respond to environmental change. Oral histories, recollections of contemporary elders, and terms in indigenous languages all reflect peoples' responses to such change, especially since the coming of Europeans. Very recently, however, many people have noted signs of greater environmental change and challenges to their resilience than they have faced in the past: species declines and new appearances; anomalies in weather patterns; and declining health of forests and grasslands. These observations and perspectives are important to include in discussions and considerations of global climate change. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. | Turner, NJ; Clifton, H | It's so different today: Climate change and indigenous lifeways in British Columbia, Canada | Global Environmental Change-Human And Policy Dimensions | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2009.01.005 |
We review four bodies of literature that suggest that thresholds, tipping and turning points are important focal points for sustainability under climate change that can help bridge the science-policy interface. For decision-makers a critical threshold is reached, the moment that climate change renders policy untenable and alternative strategies must be considered. A focus on thresholds and tipping points allows for a salient and credible dialogue between decision-makers and scientists about the amount of acceptable change, when unacceptable conditions could occur, how likely these conditions are and what adaptation pathways to consider. Uncertainty can be communicated as the time range in which a critical threshold is likely to be exceeded. | Werners, SE; Pfenninger, S; van Slobbe, E; Haasnoot, M; Kwakkel, JH; Swart, RJ | Thresholds, tipping and turning points for sustainability under climate change | Current Opinion In Environmental Sustainability | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2013.06.005 |
In 2002, Florida enacted the first statewide building code based on wind engineering principles. After a tragic tornado in 2013, which killed 24, including seven school children, Moore, Oklahoma, followed suit. We use results from evaluating the cost-effectiveness of both Florida and Moore's code to determine if other states would benefit from a building code based on similar standards. Of the 20 states examined, eight have positive benefit to cost ratios, with three showing paybacks of less than 20 years. This result suggests that statewide building codes designed for the protection of wind hazards should be considered beyond Florida. | Simmons, KM; Kovacs, P; Smith, AB | State-by-State Analysis of Benefits to Cost from Wind-Enhanced Building Codes | Natural Hazards Review | https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)NH.1527-6996.0000358 |
This forum article outlines a research agenda focused on linkages between the UNFCCC and other governance arrangements that also address climate change. We take as our point of departure the recognition that the UNFCCC is no longer the sole site of global climate change governance, and thus the types of linkage across what we call the global climate governance landscape including as a central node the UNFCCC are important for thinking through how improved global responses to climate change may be pursued. The forum identifies two specific types of linkage: division- of- labor linkages and catalytic linkages. We illustrate these with some examples and raise questions we believe would be useful to pursue in future research. | Betsill, M; Dubash, NK; Paterson, M; van Asselt, H; Vihma, A; Winkler, H | Building Productive Links between the UNFCCC and the Broader Global Climate Governance Landscape | Global Environmental Politics | https://doi.org/10.1162/GLEP_a_00294 |
Climate change has significantly affected rural lives around the world. Adaptation, as a political response to this situation, interacts with longer trajectories of agrarian capitalism and peasant's expectations for the future. Through the concept of imagined transitions, this article explores how peasants of northern Colombia manufacture and project their own transition to an agrarian capitalist future in the aftermath of climate-related floods and in the midst of adaptation interventions. Peasants use adaptation to imagine a future in which they are no longer peasants but have instead become rural entrepreneurs who play a proactive role in the development of capitalism. | Camargo, A | Imagined transitions: agrarian capitalism and climate change adaptation in Colombia | Journal Of Peasant Studies | https://doi.org/10.1080/03066150.2022.2059350 |
Urban flooding damage is an increasing problem in cities worldwide and is only expected to become worse as urbanization and climate change continue. To prevent disasters and minimize loss of life and economic harm, government agencies have started implementing large-scale projects; however, budgetary constraints and overly optimistic designs have prevented the desired results. This study aims to prove that flood adaptation models using small-scale technologies can ameliorate the impact of torrential rainfall events. A new hydrology analysis model was applied to a district in Seoul, Korea that is prone to frequent floods. The results were encouraging and indicated the effectiveness of careful planning and urban design. | Choi, Y; Kang, J; Kim, J | Urban flood adaptation planning for local governments: Hydrology analysis and optimization | International Journal Of Disaster Risk Reduction | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102213 |
Climate extremes, characterized by droughts and floods, have become one of the major constraints to sustainable improvement of rice productivity. Variety choice, considered as one of the main adaptation measures, could help farmers reduce yield loss resulting from these extremes. Based on a three-year panel survey of 1080 Chinese rice farms in major rice producing provinces, we assume Hicksian neutral technology and employ an IV regression to estimate the average treatment effect (ATE) on rice yield for adopting stress tolerant variety, and find that farmers who adopted the stress tolerant variety on average increased rice yield by 15.5% in comparison to the non-adopters. | Zhou, JH; Tang, LQ; Yu, XH | Estimating the average treatment effect of adopting stress tolerant variety on rice yield in China | Journal Of Integrative Agriculture | https://doi.org/10.1016/S2095-3119(17)61848-3 |
Circular labor mobility provides opportunities for Pacific Islanders to upskill whilst alleviating labor shortages in Australia and New Zealand. Past studies have sought to understand the value of the labor schemes, yet very few have focused on the experiences of i-Kiribati participants. Drawing on preliminary insights from eight semi-structured interviews, this research offers specific examples of the benefits of labor mobility in Australia and New Zealand for participants and their families. The findings provide key insights into the success stories and lessons learned from the experiences of i-Kiribati workers and their families of labor mobility, and how these schemes could be improved in the future. | Cornish, GE; Pearson, J; McNamara, KE; Alofa, P; McMichael, C | Experiences of i-Kiribati with labor mobility schemes | Asian And Pacific Migration Journal | https://doi.org/10.1177/01171968221107942 |
There is growing recognition that the effects of climate change are likely to lead to more migration, both internally and internationally, in the relatively near future. These climate change-induced migrations are likely to pose new challenges to the international system, ranging from an increase in irregular migration, to strains on existing asylum systems, to protection gaps for certain migrants affected. Yet the legal and normative framework, and institutional roles and responsibilities, relating to climate change-induced migration remain poorly developed. This article provides an overview of the interactions between climate change and migration, outlines the current international response, and considers new approaches to the global governance framework. | Martin, S | Climate Change, Migration, and Governance | Global Governance | null |
This article assesses the contributions of public-private partnerships, understood as a specific type of networked climate governance, to effective and legitimate climate governance. The appraisal of networked governance in the climate change arena is based on three sets of criteria. First, their potential contribution to effective climate change mitigation and adaptation; second, their contribution to broader political goals such as increased participation and inclusiveness in global environmental governance; and third, their linkages and fit with the existing institutional architecture of international climate change governance. I conclude with a set of questions for future research. (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. WIREs Clim Change 2010 1 279-287 | Pattberg, P | Public-private partnerships in global climate governance | Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Climate Change | https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.38 |
Climate compatible development (CCD) is a deliberate policy framework that reduces climate-related harm while increasing development opportunities when its three components - adaptation, mitigation, and development - are pursued jointly. In this viewpoint article, we use three island case studies - urban infrastructure improvements in the Solomon Islands, clean energy transitions in Hawaii, and sustainable tourism in the Seychelles - to argue that, in practice, CCD is not always deliberate and that a focus on one component can have unintended but positive outcomes for the others. These case studies illustrate the potential for triple wins, including lower emissions, increased resilience, and accelerated development. | Robinson, SA; Carlson, D; Messer, A; Maunus, L; Bouton, E; Roberts, JT | Climate compatible development in practice | Development In Practice | https://doi.org/10.1080/09614524.2021.1907534 |
This paper addresses the issue of risk perception in relation to climate change threats, comparison of risk perceptions in two different regions, and derives general results of what affect peoples' level of risk perceptions. Revelation of individual risk perception is essential for local acceptance and cooperation. We do this by a comparative study with Bangladesh shrimp farmers and Danish mussel farmers. Since these people live on the edge of subsistence, already small changes in the climate will affect them significantly. Farmers in both developed and developing economies are concerned about global climate change but there are significant differences in farmers' perceptions of the causes of global climate change in developed and developing countries. | Ahsan, D; Brandt, US | Climate change and coastal aquaculture farmers' risk perceptions: experiences from Bangladesh and Denmark | Journal Of Environmental Planning And Management | https://doi.org/10.1080/09640568.2014.942414 |
The relationships among farmers' belief in climate change, perceptions of climate-related risk, and use of climate adaptation practices is a growing topic of interest in U.S. scholarship. The northeast region is not well represented in the literature, although it is highly agricultural and will likely face climate-related risks that differ from those faced in other regions. We used a mixed methods approach to examine northeast farmers' perceptions of climate change and climate-related risks over time, and perceived trade-offs associated with on-farm practices. Our investigation shows how northeastern farmers think about climate-risk, and what they are doing to address it. | Schattman, RE; Méndez, VE; Merrill, SC; Zia, A | Mixed methods approach to understanding farmer and agricultural advisor perceptions of climate change and adaptation in Vermont, United States | Agroecology And Sustainable Food Systems | https://doi.org/10.1080/21683565.2017.1357667 |
This paper argues for the development of 'network political ecology', drawing on the insights from regional political ecology and recent advancements in network theories of scale, to meet the challenges of investigating the meso-scale problem of vulnerability and adaptation to climate change. 'Network political ecology', attentive to scale as socio-ecologically produced and grounded in a regional resource use system, is one such approach that fills this gap in middle-range theory necessary to understand the complex processes through which vulnerability manifests and adaptive capacity is produced. This method is exemplified through the case of groundwater-dependent irrigating farmers in Rajasthan, India. | Birkenholtz, T | Network political ecology: Method and theory in climate change vulnerability and adaptation research | Progress In Human Geography | https://doi.org/10.1177/0309132511421532 |
Climate change challenges how policy agents imagine and manage risks in space and time. The impacts are dynamic, uncertain and contested. We use riskscapes as a lens to analyse how New Zealand has perceived and mediated natural hazard and climate risks over time. We identify five different national riskscapes using a historical timeline, which have changed as global risks cascade into national and sub-national governance. We find that while there has been a major effort to reflect the dynamic and systemic language of risk theory in national policy, a significant challenge remains to develop appropriate governance and implementation strategies and to shift from long-held ways of doing and knowing. | White, I; Lawrence, J | Continuity and change in national riskscapes: a New Zealand perspective on the challenges for climate governance theory and practice | Cambridge Journal Of Regions Economy And Society | https://doi.org/10.1093/cjres/rsaa005 |
This paper proposes to model the long-run impact of climate change on olive oil output in Tunisia - the third largest olive oil producing country in the world - using panel cointegration techniques. The long-run analysis reveals that rising temperatures and inappropriate working tools reduce olive output in semi-arid areas. Therefore, we propose an appropriate training for workers to develop their skills and a public policy subsidizing the innovation of used capital stock, at least in the southern regions. We propose to encourage the development of drought-tolerant olive trees - especially in the south of Tunisia, where global warming has caused a severe drought. | Ben Zaied, Y; Zouabi, O | Impacts of climate change on Tunisian olive oil output | Climatic Change | https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-016-1801-3 |
The paper uses bibliometric methods to explore the production of knowledge in the field of climate change from 1991-2019. Using the Web of Science database, we demonstrate the growth of publications in the field, including papers in mitigation, adaptation and resilience. Using VOSviewer software, we show the connections between these subfields and the journals in which they are published. The analysis displays clusters of publications in different subfields and minimal convergence of research in STEM fields and the social sciences. We suggest that this lack of convergence may reflect a relative shortage of interdisciplinary research which may in turn have negative outcomes in terms of research and policy. | Einecker, R; Kirby, A | Climate Change: A Bibliometric Study of Adaptation, Mitigation and Resilience | Sustainability | https://doi.org/10.3390/su12176935 |
This paper quantifies the short-term impact of drought on health conditions and health expenditures. Using panel data from rural Vietnam and rainfall data in an instrumental variable approach, the results suggest that populations face an increased risk of illness in the year they are exposed to drought. Households with reduced agricultural incomes and limited access to coping mechanisms seem particularly affected. Drought-related health shocks also cause financial burden for many households, with health expenditures increasing by 9-17% of total consumption. This paper contributes to a literature which so far has mostly focused on the long-term consequences of climate shocks. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. | Lohmann, S; Lechtenfeld, T | The Effect of Drought on Health Outcomes and Health Expenditures in Rural Vietnam | World Development | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2015.03.003 |
Coastal development, combined with the intrinsic mobility of coasts and the context of climate change, tends to increase the vulnerability of coastal territories. This article proposes, on one hand, a renewed interdisciplinary approach to the concept of vulnerability allowing to overcome the nature/society dichotomy. On the other hand, the paper presents an inter-sectoral researchers-managers approach to build a series of indicators to monitor the four components of systemic vulnerability (hazards, stakes, management and representations). These indicators lay the ground for an integrated observatory, source of data for research as well as to inform decisions regarding the adaptation of coastal territories. | Meur-Ferec, C; Le Berre, I; Cocquempot, L; Guillou, É; Henaff, A; Lanni, T; Le Dantec, N; Letortu, P; Philippe, M; Noûs, C | A method for monitoring systemic vulnerability to marine erosion and sea-flooding | Developpement Durable & Territoires | https://doi.org/10.4000/developpementdurable.16731 |
Makoko is a slum community living in wooden buildings on stilts over the water of Lagos Lagoon in Nigeria, and canoes are the residents' primary means of transportation. The challenges are significant, socially, economically and not least environmentally in view of changing climate and frequent flooding. In search of an appropriate solution, Amsterdam-based architects NLE have demonstrated a new form of floating buildings for Makoko and similar water cities in Africa and elsewhere. The first prototype is a Floating School, addressing appropriately not only building technology but also environmental issues and the everyday lives of people living in Makoko. | Riise, J; Adeyemi, K | Case study: Makoko floating school | Current Opinion In Environmental Sustainability | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2015.02.002 |
Climate change adaptation decision-making has been dominated by professional experts while vulnerable communities have limited input. In order to understand the unequal distribution of power among adaptation actors, I propose the 'adaptation field' as an advantageous theoretical tool. In the adaptation field, professional experts are constructed as the ultimate authority on how adaptation should take place. This standard persists despite its demonstrated shortcomings in adaptation interventions in the Global South, and even when local community members are deliberately engaged in an attempt to correct for these shortcomings. Ultimately, power in the adaptation field must be redistributed such that those with the most at stake have significant influence over how adaptation will take place. | Falzon, D | Expertise and exclusivity in adaptation decision-making | Current Opinion In Environmental Sustainability | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2021.03.016 |
The selection of climate policies should be an exercise in risk management reflecting the many relevant sources of uncertainty. Studies of climate change and its impacts rarely yield consensus on the distribution of exposure, vulnerability or possible outcomes. Hence policy analysis cannot effectively evaluate alternatives using standard approaches, such as expected utility theory and benefit-cost analysis. This Perspective highlights the value of robust decision-making tools designed for situations such as evaluating climate policies, where consensus on probability distributions is not available and stakeholders differ in their degree of risk tolerance. A broader risk-management approach enables a range of possible outcomes to be examined, as well as the uncertainty surrounding their likelihoods. | Kunreuther, H; Heal, G; Allen, M; Edenhofer, O; Field, CB; Yohe, G | Risk management and climate change | Nature Climate Change | https://doi.org/10.1038/NCLIMATE1740 |
We study climate change and international migration in a two-country overlapping generations model with endogenous climate change. Our main findings are that climate change increases migration; small impacts of climate change have significant impacts on the number of migrants; a laxer immigration policy increases long-run migration, aggravates climate change, and increases north-south inequality if climate change impacts are not too small; and a greener technology reduces emissions, long-run migration, and inequality if the migrants' impact to overall climate change is large. The preference over the policies depends on whether the policy maker targets inequality, wealth, the environment, or the number of migrants. | Marchiori, L; Schumacher, I | When nature rebels: international migration, climate change, and inequality | Journal Of Population Economics | https://doi.org/10.1007/s00148-009-0274-3 |
We examine the potential for farmers in South-East Asia to adapt to climate change using a survey of farmers from Bangladesh, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Vietnam. We model farmers' current choices using cross-sectional analysis. We test the climate sensitivity of when to plant, which crop to plant, whether to irrigate, and how much inputs to use. We find that all these choices are sensitive to climate in this region. Farmers are likely to adapt to future climate change by growing more rice and oilseed crops, planting more often from November through March, and relying more heavily on ground water irrigation for water short seasons. | Reed, B; Mendelsohn, R; Abidoye, BO | THE ECONOMICS OF CROP ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN SOUTH-EAST ASIA | Climate Change Economics | https://doi.org/10.1142/S2010007817400024 |
We explore the connections among indigenous climate-related narratives, documented temperature changes, and climate change impact studies from the scientific literature. We then propose a framework for enhancing synthesis of these indigenous narratives of observed climate change with global assessments. Our aim is to contribute to the thoughtful and respectful integration of indigenous knowledge with scientific data and analysis, so that this rich body of knowledge can inform science and so that indigenous peoples can use the tools and methods of science for the benefit of their communities if they choose to do so. Improving ways of understanding such connections is critical as the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fifth Assessment Report process proceeds. | Alexander, C; Bynum, N; Johnson, E; King, U; Mustonen, T; Neofotis, P; Oettlé, N; Rosenzweig, C; Sakakibara, C; Shadrin, V; Vicarelli, M; Waterhouse, J; Weeks, B | Linking Indigenous and Scientific Knowledge of Climate Change | Bioscience | https://doi.org/10.1525/bio.2011.61.6.10 |
This paper examined the relevance of the Vulnerability to Food Insecurity Index (VFII) in practice for households in South-South region of Nigeria. The main objectives were to verify the result of the VFII with real life experience and to understand why households are vulnerable to food insecurity using qualitative insight. The paper applied both quantitative and qualitative methods. The main findings reveal that the indictors of the index were able to reflect real-life experiences on the ground. However, applying the index to local community requires greater consideration of the heterogeneous population and relative importance of indicators. Thus flexible weight system is recommended when the index depends on local conditions. | Ibok, OW; Osbahr, H; Srinivasan, C | Verifying the Relevance of a Vulnerability to Food Insecurity Index in Practice for Households in South Nigeria | Journal Of Poverty | https://doi.org/10.1080/10875549.2020.1840482 |
Buyouts mitigate the impacts of flood hazards and climate change. Previous research finds buyouts are concentrated in socially vulnerable areas nationally, and in the Houston area, buyouts have contributed to white flight to the suburbs. The effect of buyouts on equity in urban development is understudied. Existing literature overlooks the fact that buyouts are used strategically and may only nominally be a response to risk. This paper examines buyout inequity in the Houston area by mapping the geographical distribution of buyouts against demographic data and by developing a buyout displacement index to reveal the impact of buyouts in high-risk watersheds. | Nance, E; Smith, SL; Thapa, JP; Powers, LT | A Buyout Displacement Index for Uncovering the Effects of Disinvestment in Greater Houston Watersheds | Journal Of Planning Education And Research | https://doi.org/10.1177/0739456X221116359 |
If current climate-change predictions prove accurate, non-linear change, including potentially catastrophic change, is possible and the environments in which international humanitarian NGOs operate will change figuratively and literally. This paper proposes that a new approach to development is required that takes changing climate into account. This climate-compatible approach' to development is a bleak shift from some of the current orthodox positions and will be a major challenge to international humanitarian NGOs working with the most vulnerable. However, it is necessary to address the challenges and context such NGOs face, and the need to be resilient and adaptive to these changes. | Clarke, M; de Cruz, I | A climate-compatible approach to development practice by international humanitarian NGOs | Disasters | https://doi.org/10.1111/disa.12110 |
This article provides critical reflection on the notion of sustainable adaptation. It discusses how the concept resonates with debates on sustainable development, and how the key elements of sustainable adaptation presented in the literature relate to sustainable development. It discusses three major challenges to the promotion and implementation of sustainable adaptation and achievement of its objectives. First, many current approaches to adaptation are far from sustainable. Second, the relationships between poverty reduction and adaptation to climate change are complex and highly context specific. Third, sustainable adaptation may be co-opted to support development-as-usual rather than more radical options which put social justice, equity and environmental sustainability at the core. | Brown, K | Sustainable adaptation: An oxymoron? | Climate And Development | https://doi.org/10.3763/cdev.2010.0062 |
This article approaches the problem of environment and migration through a consideration of convergent themes regarding nature and society in ecological theory and in social scientific disaster research. The paper argues that the articulation between ecological and social theory provides grounding concepts for both framing the issue and research on the problem of actual and potential mass displacement of human populations by environmental change, specifically global climate change. This article asserts that effective policy responses to environmental displacement and migration cannot be developed without an in-depth understanding of the phenomena of climate change, human-environment relations, and migration and the linkages among them. Copyright (C) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. | Oliver-Smith, A | DEBATING ENVIRONMENTAL MIGRATION: SOCIETY, NATURE AND POPULATION DISPLACEMENT IN CLIMATE CHANGE | Journal Of International Development | https://doi.org/10.1002/jid.2887 |
We develop and apply a systematic mixed-methods literature review methodology to identify and characterize how climate change adaptation is taking place in developed nations. We find limited evidence of adaptation action. Where interventions are being implemented and reported on, they are typically in sectors that are sensitive to climate impacts, are most common at the municipal level, facilitated by higher-level government interventions, with responses typically institutional in nature. There is negligible description of adaptation taking place with respect to vulnerable groups, with reporting unequal by region and sector. The methodology offers important insights for meta-analyses in climate change scholarship and can be used for monitoring progress in adaptation over time. | Ford, JD; Berrang-Ford, L; Paterson, J | A systematic review of observed climate change adaptation in developed nations A letter | Climatic Change | https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-011-0045-5 |
Around the world adaptation projects are being implemented, with the hope of essentially climate proofing communities. While there is an abundance of failed adaptation schemes in developing and developed countries alike, there has been little scholarship on this problem. Through interviews with twenty-two climate change adaptation practitioners, we identify four structural challenges that contribute to maladaptation: the focus on technological fixes versus holistic approaches; the difficultly of distinguishing between adaptation and development; the problem of quantifying non-quantifiable variables; and the existence of competing problems given that failure to mainstream climate change adaptation. Addressing these maladaptation dynamics is necessary to enhance successful adaptation processes. | Bertana, A; Clark, B; Benney, TM; Quackenbush, C | Beyond maladaptation: structural barriers to successful adaptation | Environmental Sociology | https://doi.org/10.1080/23251042.2022.2068224 |
Climate change research requires integrative and collaborative research from multiple disciplines because of its complexity and sizeable consequences. Eco-social work has an important role to play. Relatively new, scholarship on eco-social work is growing and identifying ways in which the discipline's unique values, theories, perspectives and practices can contribute to this body of research. The aim of this article is twofold: (a) to contribute to this emerging scholarship by identifying climate change adaptation as an area of research for international social work and (b) to examine the utility of applying an integrated theoretical lens of eco-social work and feminist gerontology within this area. | Kwan, C; Walsh, CA | Climate change adaptation in low-resource countries: Insights gained from an eco-social work and feminist gerontological lens | International Social Work | https://doi.org/10.1177/0020872814567484 |
This paper provides an economic perspective of adaptation to climate change. The paper specifically examines the role of markets and government in efficient adaptation responses. For adaptations to be efficient, the benefits from following adaptations must exceed the costs. For private market goods, market actors will follow this principle in their own interest. For public goods, governments must take on this responsibility. Governments must also be careful to design institutions that encourage efficiency or they could inadvertently increase the damages from climate change. Finally, although in a few cases actors must anticipate climate changes far into the future, generally it is best to learn and then act with respect to adaptation. | Mendelsohn, R | The role of markets and governments in helping society adapt to a changing climate | Climatic Change | https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-006-9088-4 |
Catastrophe insurance provides peace of mind and financial security. Climate change can have adverse impacts on insurance affordability and availability, potentially slowing the growth of the industry and shifting more of the burden to governments and individuals. Most forms of insurance are vulnerable, including property, liability, health, and life. It is incumbent on insurers, their regulators, and the policy community to develop a better grasp of the physical and business risks. Insurers are well positioned to participate in public-private initiatives to monitor loss trends, improve catastrophe modeling, address the causes of climate change, and prepare for and adapt to the impacts. | Mills, E | Insurance in a climate of change | Science | https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1112121 |
Polycentric theory, as applied to sustainability policy adoption, contends that municipalities will act independently to provide public services that protect the environment. Our multilevel regression analysis of survey responses from 1,497 municipalities across the United States challenges that notion. We find that internal drivers of municipal action are insufficient. Lower policy adoption is explained by capacity constraints. More policy making occurs in states with a multilevel governance framework supportive of local sustainability action. Contrary to Fischel's homevoter hypothesis, we find large cities and rural areas show higher levels of adoption than suburbs (possibly due to free riding within a metropolitan region). | Homsy, GC; Warner, ME | Cities and Sustainability: Polycentric Action and Multilevel Governance | Urban Affairs Review | https://doi.org/10.1177/1078087414530545 |
There is now a broad agreement that the majority of climate change adaptation efforts will need to take place at the local scale, making local government an important player in this field. In many developed countries, local governments have been leading local adaptation efforts and innovation. In the local government sector, transnational municipal networks (TMNs) have been particularly instrumental in advancing knowledge and methods for climate change mitigation at the local scale, but less is known about their catalytic potential for local adaptation planning and implementation. This paper reviews recent studies on the role of TMNs and discusses their potential for adaptation in light of experiences with TMN-driven mitigation programs. | Fünfgeld, H | Facilitating local climate change adaptation through transnational municipal networks | Current Opinion In Environmental Sustainability | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2014.10.011 |
This practice paper identifies and examines four multi-functional urban design approaches dealing with urban flooding. These combine flood protection measures such as levees and water reservoirs with parking, retail, plazas, and parks. This paper explains the emergence of these multi-purpose solutions to flood management in the Netherlands. It then examines the characteristics of four types, including inland multi-purpose levees, coastal multi-purpose levees, water plazas, and integrated carparks and water reservoirs. It discusses the challenges of these approaches compared to mono-functional flood strategies. Finally, it identifies their potential applicability for urban design activities elsewhere. | Al, S | Multi-functional urban design approaches to manage floods: examples from Dutch cities | Journal Of Urban Design | https://doi.org/10.1080/13574809.2021.1977112 |
This paper explores implications of climate change for fiscal policy by assessing the impact of large scale extreme weather events on changes in public budgets. We apply alternative measures for large scale extreme weather events and conclude that the budgetary impact of such events ranges between 0.23% and 1.4% of GDP depending on the country group. Developing countries face a much larger effect on changes in budget balances following an extreme weather event than advanced economies. Based on these findings, our policy conclusions point to the enhanced need to reach and maintain sound fiscal positions given that climate change is expected to cause an increase in the frequency and severity of extreme weather events. | Lis, EM; Nickel, C | The impact of extreme weather events on budget balances | International Tax And Public Finance | https://doi.org/10.1007/s10797-010-9144-x |
Heat is the deadliest weather-related hazard in the United States. This paper studies municipal heat adaptation using survey and planning data from California. We first analyze the characteristics of municipalities that innovate. Cities with heat-related policies have greater degrees of projected extreme heat, leadership support, environmental justice planning, and smaller Hispanic population shares. We then assess specific policy innovations of six large cities by plan type. Some strategies, including expanding tree canopies, have been widely adopted while others, such as cool walls, are rarely included. Findings suggest that planners can-and should-play a central role in heat adaptation planning. | Gabbe, CJ; Pierce, G; Petermann, E; Marecek, A | Why and How Do Cities Plan for Extreme Heat? | Journal Of Planning Education And Research | https://doi.org/10.1177/0739456X211053654 |
Climate variability acutely affects rural livelihoods and agricultural productivity, yet it is just one of many stresses that vulnerable rural households have to cope with. A livelihood approach is used to assess the potential role that seasonal climate forecasts might play in increasing adaptive capacity in response to climate variability, using Lesotho as a case study. An examination of the assets and strategies that rural households employ enables a holistic assessment of the impact seasonal forecasts could have on rural livelihoods. This research thereby bridges macro-level variability with local-level impacts and adaptation to provide insight into the dynamics of forecast use and impact among vulnerable groups. | Ziervogel, G; Calder, R | Climate variability and rural livelihoods: assessing the impact of seasonal climate forecasts in Lesotho | Area | https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0004-0894.2003.00190.x |
Using a firm's geographic footprint to measure its exposure to sea level rise (SLR), I find that corporate bonds bear a climate risk premium upon issuance. A one standard deviation increase in firms' SLR exposure is associated with a 7 basis point premium, representing a 3% increase in average yield spread. This effect is more pronounced for geographically concentrated firms, within industries vulnerable to extreme weather conditions, and after the Paris Agreement. I do not find evidence that credit rating agencies account for SLR exposure at bond issuance. Results are robust to placebo tests and inverse propensity weighting to address possible endogeneity. | Allman, E | Pricing climate change risk in corporate bonds | Journal Of Asset Management | https://doi.org/10.1057/s41260-022-00294-w |
The institutional and political contexts of climate action matter. Planning and sustainability science have parallel interests in politics and institutions, particularly in institutional reforms that balance continuity and change. Our theorizing inert resilience highlights micro (individual) and meso (institutional) foundations of macro-state capacities for climate adaptation through social learning and transformative capacity building. Using survey, conversations, and participant observation in a Philippine case study, we discuss six inertia-inducing institutional traps shaping climate adaptation challenges in inert resilience contexts. Examining resource constraints, value conflicts, and colonial legacies influencing inertia, we propose pathways toward local capacity-building and social learning for climate adaptation. | Angeles, LC; Ngo, VD; Greig, Z | Inert Resilience and Institutional Traps: Tackling Bureaucratic Inertias Towards Transformative Social Learning and Capacity Building for Local Climate Change Adaptation | Planning Theory & Practice | https://doi.org/10.1080/14649357.2021.1875029 |
Extreme weather events, such as unusually high or low temperatures, severe winds and heavy precipitation, pose a threat to people and property in cities, and are expected to become more frequent and intense as a result of climate change. Managing this risk requires effective climate adaptation policies - strategic courses of action designed to strengthen urban resilience to climate-related stress. City governments have a key role to play in adaptation policy design, but they appear to face challenges in marshalling political commitment and technical capacity. This article examines elements of urban climate adaptation policy targeting extreme weather and analyzes the policy development process in two major Canadian cities, Toronto and Halifax. | Henstra, D | Toward the Climate-Resilient City: Extreme Weather and Urban Climate Adaptation Policies in Two Canadian Provinces | Journal Of Comparative Policy Analysis | https://doi.org/10.1080/13876988.2012.665215 |
Chiloe is an island in the south of Chile that presents multiple issues associated with the nonsustainable use of natural resources and high levels of poverty and inequality. Using qualitative methods, this article explores how keys stakeholders are perceiving and responding to climate change in such a complex social and environmental context. Results show this phenomenon is perceived as an emergent issue, whose social and environmental impacts are already happening. Generally individual responses are implemented, prevailing power asymmetries and competition over cooperation, coordination and exchange of experiences between stakeholders. A climate change governance system for the island should deal not only with institutional barriers but also promote social and cultural transformations. | Sapiains, R; Ugarte, AM; Hasbún, J | PERCEPTIONS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON THE ISLAND OF CHILOE: CHALLENGES FOR LOCAL GOVERNANCE | Magallania | null |
This article highlights how important is the participation of history in the design of adaptive strategies for the present and future. Also, it does a balance about some reflections on adaptation to climate change in historical perspective, mainly from the Anglo-Saxon academic world, but with some exceptions from Latin America. The article is an invitation to go beyond the stories of conjuncture and failures, to reconstruct medium and long-term visions about the relationship between climate and society, which include the cases in which the result was not fateful. Finally, it indicates some tasks and methodologies for research agendas of environmental historians in Latin America. | Pacheco, KM | Thinking about the past in order to adapt to climate change. The necessary contribution from Latin American environmental history | Letras Verdes | https://doi.org/10.17141/letrasverdes.24.2018.3317 |
Climate services can help society manage climate-related risk and capitalize on favorable conditions by providing data analysis, data products, and scientific expertise. Meeting society's needs requires matching them with ongoing scientific research. Despite the best of intentions, some research never makes it into operational products or services. Likewise, some societal needs are never met and scientific capabilities never realized. The three E's of climate services engagement, entrepreneurship, and evaluation can help climate service providers bridge this research-to-operations valley of death and create valuable, innovative climate services for our nation. This essay aims to stimulate such progress in the climate services enterprise. | Brooks, MS | ACCELERATING INNOVATION IN CLIMATE SERVICES: The 3 E's for Climate Service Providers | Bulletin Of The American Meteorological Society | https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00087.1 |
Probabilistic event attribution aims to attribute weather events to anthropogenic forcings. Some claim the development of this methodology is motivated by social utility rather than scientific understanding. I trace the evolution of arguments for probabilistic event attribution's social usefulness from their origins in private climate change litigation through adaptive decision-making, and end with the methodology's relevance for addressing loss and damage due to extreme events. I show that probabilistic event attribution is unlikely to substantially contribute to litigation or adaptation, and while it is potentially relevant for addressing loss and damage, securing a lasting role in this context requires answering some key questions regarding event attribution's capacities and deployment. | Lusk, G | The social utility of event attribution: liability, adaptation, and justice-based loss and damage | Climatic Change | https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-017-1967-3 |
Decision support has become a popular concept, especially in the context of climate change. Government agencies and researchers increasingly recognize that they should provide it, and resource managers and policy-makers increasingly need and demand it. This demand will only grow as climate change progresses. Those who will attempt to meet this growing demand will need to demonstrate effectiveness. This editorial raises a number of critical questions that need to be answered in the course of evaluating whether decision support is effective. The answers, if carefully considered early on, may help to design processes that may in fact produce more useable products, facilitate their use, and ultimately create intended and desirable outcomes. | Moser, S | Making a difference on the ground: the challenge of demonstrating the effectiveness of decision support | Climatic Change | https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-008-9539-1 |
Louisiana's coastal residents have endured centuries of hurricanes and decades of oil spills. Locally based, inherent resilient practices have enabled them to persist in place. This paper documents the evolution of actions taken by Louisiana's coastal residents that constitute effective resilient activities in the aftermath of disruptive events. It compares the efforts that arose from coastal communities that were rooted in local environmental knowledge with generic external programs designed to enable hazard mitigation, emergency response, and recovery form damaging hurricanes and oil spills. Additionally, it will identify points of opportunity to fortify resilience by integrating inherent and formal resilience. | Colten, CE; Grimsmore, AA; Simms, JRZ | Oil Spills and Community Resilience: Uneven Impacts and Protection in Historical Perspective | Geographical Review | https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1931-0846.2015.12085.x |
In this paper, we empirically examine whether the Federal Emergency Management Agency's Public Assistance (PA) program, which targets postdisaster cleanup and infrastructure rehabilitation, affects household purchases of flood insurance. Using the fixed-effects model with instrumental variables to address the endogeneity of disaster aid, we find that increased PA grants reduce a county's flood insurance take-up rates, thereby driving down its total insurance coverage and premiums paid. Our findings provide empirical evidence on the crowding-out effect of public disaster programs, and shed light on their implicit social costs and increased federal financial exposure to natural disasters and climate change. | Davlasheridze, M; Miao, Q | Does Governmental Assistance Affect Private Decisions to Insure? An Empirical Analysis of Flood Insurance Purchases | Land Economics | https://doi.org/10.3368/le.95.1.124 |
Floods are the most common natural disaster occurring worldwide, with their impact expected to grow in the future due to the effects of climate change and population shift. Floodwaters pose immediate dangers to human health, but also long-term effects resulting from displacement and worsened living conditions. This review examines the health impact of flood disasters, including skin and soft-tissue infections, gastroenteritis, and zoonotic infections such as leptospirosis, and the impact on noncommunicable diseases and health infrastructure. Further work in the development of cost-efficient preparedness strategies may mitigate the morbidity and mortality associated with such natural disasters. | Paterson, DL; Wright, H; Harris, PNA | Health Risks of Flood Disasters | Clinical Infectious Diseases | https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciy227 |
Recent years have provided stark insights into the challenges of dealing with multiple, overlapping disasters in many parts of the world. Climate change reports indicate that these severe and complex disaster scenarios are likely to become more frequent. This paper provides a reflective oversight of the changing roles of universities in the context of these new disaster risk scenarios. A transformative approach is encouraged as part of an array of resilience strategies, interconnected systemically and temporally. A framework for disaster resilient universities is proposed based on the literature relating to the different spheres of university responsibilities and respective stakeholder groups, with due consideration for underlying principles and social responsibilities for disaster resilience. | Gibbs, L; bin Jehangir, H; Kwong, EJL; Little, A | Universities and multiple disaster scenarios: A transformative framework for disaster resilient universities | International Journal Of Disaster Risk Reduction | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2022.103132 |
Ports are a key driver of change in global transport contexts; they are also affected by and a contributor to climate change. This article, drawing on an international review of ports and climate change activity, and then an Australian case study, shows that ports across the world are important catalysts for social change and governance reform in sustainable transport contexts. Specifically, it is argued that ports are hubs that facilitate governance flow in innovative ways. The article concludes with the suggestion that port governance structures, in facilitating regional, national and transnational networks and governance flows, can become cornerstones for future decision making about climate change in local to international contexts. | Nursey-Bray, M | Partnerships and ports: Negotiating climate adaptive governance for sustainable transport regimes | International Journal Of Sustainable Transportation | https://doi.org/10.1080/15568318.2013.855849 |
It is commonly asserted that human communities in the Arctic are highly vulnerable to climate change, with the magnitude of projected impacts limiting their ability to adapt. At the same time, an increasing number of field studies demonstrate significant adaptive capacity. Given this paradox, we review climate change adaptation, resilience and vulnerability research to identify and characterize the nature and magnitude of the adaptation challenge facing the Arctic. We find that the challenge of adaptation in the Arctic is formidable, but suggest that drivers of vulnerability and barriers to adaptation can be overcome, avoided or reduced by individual and collective efforts across scales for many, if not all, climate change risks. | Ford, JD; McDowell, G; Pearce, T | The adaptation challenge in the Arctic | Nature Climate Change | https://doi.org/10.1038/NCLIMATE2723 |
The present study was aimed at shedding light on how the adaption and action of community when facing natural disaster and uncertainty of humanitarian logistic assistance during the emergency response phase dated September 28, 2018 in Palu, Indonesia. Some in-depth interviews were conducted with 95 respondents to explore experiences and information related to natural disasters that have occurred. The findings found out that the community adaptation the people of Palu City was strongly influenced by the experience and understanding of the existence of a phenomenon, the characteristics of the community, and the availability of local resources. The community's positive and negative actions have also been shown in this case. | Yulianto, E; Yusanta, DA; Utari, P; Satyawan, IA | Community adaptation and action during the emergency response phase: Case study of natural disasters in Palu, Indonesia | International Journal Of Disaster Risk Reduction | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102557 |
Historic resources are important community assets that may be at risk from natural hazards, but few studies examine their risk or protection. We map the location of historic resources in municipal areas in Colorado (n= 863) and find that 16.8 percent of National Register and State Register properties (n= 145) intersect with a mapped floodplain, as well as 74.0 percent of National Register districts. We then study fourteen case study municipalities that are representative of those with substantial shares of their historic resources in floodplains. We find that most municipalities value their historic resources but very few proactively plan for their protection from hazards. | Rumbach, A; Bierbrauer, A; Follingstad, G | Are We Protecting Our History? A Municipal-Scale Analysis of Historic Preservation, Flood Hazards, and Planning | Journal Of Planning Education And Research | https://doi.org/10.1177/0739456X20948592 |
This article explores community-based adaptation strategies drawing lessons from the field in four different countries of Asia and Africa. The analysis explores several key factors in successful adaptation at the community level, including the importance of culture, the role of institutions and the significance of mainstreaming and good governance. The influence that policy has on adaptation and the way in which policy can be used to support autonomous adaptations is emphasized to show linkages between local action and national policy. The article also recommends several policy implications for future adaptation efforts, concluding that while policy from the top must support adaptation at the bottom, community adaptation should circle upwards to influence policy strongly. | Adhikari, B; Taylor, K | Vulnerability and adaptation to climate change: A review of local actions and national policy response | Climate And Development | https://doi.org/10.1080/17565529.2012.664958 |
In the estimation of Ricardian models the endogeneity of adaptation measures is typically ignored. In this article we propose a new estimation strategy that explicitly recognises the endogeneity of the farm type and irrigation to climate. Based on the latest census data on over 270,000 farms in Germany, we estimate a cross-sectional, spatial-IV model that decomposes the effects of climate on farm profitability into direct (unmediated) and indirect (mediated by the variables that reflect adaptation). Our results show that neglecting the endogenous nature of adaptation measures may substantially bias the magnitude of the total effect of climate on farm profitability. | Chatzopoulos, T; Lippert, C | Endogenous farm-type selection, endogenous irrigation, and spatial effects in Ricardian models of climate change | European Review Of Agricultural Economics | https://doi.org/10.1093/erae/jbv014 |
We develop a general equilibrium framework, based on a specific-factors trade model, to quantify the medium-term household welfare impacts of global warming in rural India. Using an hedonic approach grounded in the theory combined with detailed microdata, we estimate that three decades of warming will reduce agricultural productivity in the range of 7%-13%, with the arid northwest of India especially hard hit. Our analysis shows that the proportional welfare cost of climate change is likely to be both modest and evenly distributed across percentiles of the per capita income distribution, but this latter conclusion emerges only when the flexibility of rural wages is taken into account. | Jacoby, HG; Rabassa, M; Skoufias, E | Distributional Implications of Climate Change in Rural India: A General Equilibrium Approach | American Journal Of Agricultural Economics | https://doi.org/10.1093/ajae/aau084 |
The negative effects of climate change are calling for action to mitigate and adapt to future challenges. National crisis management authorities need to prepare to handle crisis caused by direct or indirect effects. In this study, we investigate how crisis management authorities within the European Union prepare for the effects of climate change by conducting a small questionnaire study. The questionnaire used consisted of 12 questions and was answered by 17 counties. Results indicate that most crisis management agencies focus on weather-related incidents, such as floods, heatwaves and forest fires. Indirect effects are not prepared for to the same extent. The gulf between crisis management and climate adaptation is discussed. | Wester, M; Mobjörk, M | A Brief Survey of the Work Being Performed by Crisis Organisations in European Union Member States on Climate Change Effects | Journal Of Contingencies And Crisis Management | https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5973.12154 |
A central function of government is to protect citizens from harms of various hazards. Research on governmental emergency preparedness focuses predominantly on emergency management agencies per se but seldom assesses the full range of public sector agencies-nor how public managers specifically shape agency actions. This study addresses these gaps by investigating how perceptions and attitudes of administrators in nonemergency management agencies affect preparedness. Using a survey of U.S. public transit agencies, I demonstrate how managers' perceived risks and efficacy beliefs shape nonemergency public agencies' commitment to emergency preparedness. These findings suggest pathways for improved emergency preparedness across public sector agencies overall. | Xiang, TY | Understanding Emergency Preparedness in Public Agencies: The Key Role of Managerial Perceptions | Administration & Society | https://doi.org/10.1177/00953997211031224 |
The weakening of Irene from a Category 3 hurricane to a tropical storm resulted in less damage in New York City (NYC) than initially was anticipated. It is widely recognized that the storm surge and associated flooding could have been much more severe. In a recent study, we showed that a direct hit to the city from a hurricane may expose an enormous number of people to flooding. A major hurricane has the potential to cause large-scale damage in NYC. The city's resilience to flooding can be increased by improving and integrating flood insurance, flood zoning, and building code policies. | Aerts, JCJH; Botzen, WJW | Hurricane Irene: a wake-up call for New York City? | Natural Hazards And Earth System Sciences | https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-12-1837-2012 |
As climate change impacts worsen, losses and damages incurred in both developing and developed countries will continue to increase. While enhancing mitigation and adaptation efforts will influence the level of loss and damage avoided in the future, historical emissions have 'locked in' a certain level of climate change, making some residual losses and damages inevitable. Loss and damage from slow onset processes like sea level rise will ultimately require some communities and, in some cases, entire countries to relocate. Through examples from Kiribati and Alaska this paper will highlight the complexity involved in migrating and relocating and recommend interventions for easing the resettlement process. | Roberts, E; Andrei, S | The rising tide: migration as a response to loss and damage from sea level rise in vulnerable communities | International Journal Of Global Warming | https://doi.org/10.1504/IJGW.2015.071965 |