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This study aims to discuss climate migration as a relatively new global issue with various dimensions and to widen the current perspective within global politics to be more inclusive and ecocentric. This study argues that traditional international relations theories and practices are ineffective in discussing and analyzing climate migration as a new global security problem. After a discussion of the conceptual problems, the traditional paradigms of international relations, their policy implications, and the traditional actors will be identified as the primary sources of this problems. Finally, we will conclude that the application of an ecocentric perspective, with holistic characteristics, will provide a better understanding of the current problems. | Ari, T; Gökpinar, FB | Climate-Migration: A Security Analysis within the Context of Green Theory | Uluslararasi Iliskiler-International Relations | https://doi.org/10.33458/uidergisi.865530 |
Semi-arid farming systems in India are facing an increasing frequency of climate change-induced extreme weather events. With the aim of improving their climate resilience, we retrospectively assess climate resilience in two case studies in Maharashtra, India. We considered a 15-year period and multiple interventions in both. The systems showed improved climate resilience when agricultural productivity-enhancing interventions were combined with those related to water management, soil health, livelihood diversification, and food and nutrition security. Further, we recommend embedding a monitoring, evaluation and learning component within the design of all interventions to help with adaptive decision-making. | Srinidhi, A; Werners, SE; Dadas, D; D'Souza, M; Ludwig, F; Meuwissen, MPM | Retrospective climate resilience assessment of semi-arid farming systems in India | International Journal Of Water Resources Development | https://doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2023.2207680 |
Using a sample survey from Vietnam's M&RRD, this study examines both the factors affecting smallholder households' perceptions of climate change, and the impact of climatic change on smallholders' income and land allocation decisions. Results show a significant and negative impact of perception of climate change on income of smallholder households. Smallholders with perceived climate changes reduce land allocated to paddy crop. Farmers make strategic decision to counter the negative effects of climate change by increasing the amount of rented land for paddy crop production, while at the same time decreasing the amount of owned land allocated to paddy crop. | Mishra, AK; Pede, VO; Barboza, GA | Perception of Climate Change and Impact on Land Allocation and Income: Empirical Evidence from Vietnam's Delta Region | Agricultural And Resource Economics Review | https://doi.org/10.1017/age.2018.11 |
Mixed crop-livestock systems are the backbone of African agriculture, providing food security and livelihood options for hundreds of millions of people. Much is known about the impacts of climate change on the crop enterprises in the mixed systems, and some, although less, on the livestock enterprises. The interactions between crops and livestock can be managed to contribute to environmentally sustainable intensification, diversification and risk management. There is relatively little information on how these interactions may be affected by changes in climate and climate variability. This is a serious gap, because these interactions may offer some buffering capacity to help smallholders adapt to climate change. | Thornton, PK; Herrero, M | Adapting to climate change in the mixed crop and livestock farming systems in sub-Saharan Africa | Nature Climate Change | https://doi.org/10.1038/NCLIMATE2754 |
We investigate the role of spatial effects in the analysis of the relationship between climate-related disasters and forced migration. As a case study we select South and Southeast Asia due to the area's large exposure to these hazards. The spatial regressions show that short- to medium-distance forced migrations are considerably affected by climate-related disasters, independently of the economic expectation associated with the destination. Moreover, we find that this relationship is disaster-type specific. Finally, we detect a competition among migrants, as the decision to move as an adaptation strategy is found to be dependent on the migratory behaviour of neighbouring countries. | Conigliani, C; Costantini, V; Finardi, G | Climate-related natural disasters and forced migration: a spatial regression analysis | Spatial Economic Analysis | https://doi.org/10.1080/17421772.2021.1995620 |
In the United States, climate change discourse often focuses on international communities, island nations, and poor global citizens. While the focus on international communities is important, it places the impact of climate change in remote and distant locations. This Note argues that associating climate change with people outside the United States creates an ???otherization??? of climate change and evades the responsibility to look internally and address domestic climate impact. Addressing climate change is particularly important given that the effects of climate change in the United States often disproportionately harm poor, rural, and immigrant communities, as well as communities of color. | Tahir, I | Addressing the United States Climate Crisis and Climate Displacement: A Transition from the ?Otherization? of Climate Change to a Focus on Domestic Solutions | California Law Review | https://doi.org/10.15779/Z38PK07294 |
Adaptation is increasingly planned and funded to reduce negative impacts of climate change for vulnerable social groups; however, vulnerable groups have the least capacity to adapt. Adaptation is therefore unlikely to produce socially sustainable or equitable outcomes. Six adaptation processes on Mount Kilimanjaro, Tanzania, are modeled with logistic regression to identify their determinant factors. Most adaptations simply reproduce unsustainable patterns of social vulnerability rooted in unequal access to land and other resource entitlements. A few exceptions are observed, where low costs, widely accessible knowledge, and community groups with cross-scale social networks enabled vulnerable social groups to implement adaptations. | Holler, J | Is Sustainable Adaptation Possible? Determinants of Adaptation on Mount Kilimanjaro | Professional Geographer | https://doi.org/10.1080/00330124.2014.922015 |
To understand environmental conditions Pennsylvania agricultural producers had observed in the past and what their environmental concerns were for the future, we conducted a statewide survey. We used Spearman rank order correlations to show differences between past observations and future concerns regarding environmental conditions and found a disconnect between what respondents previously had observed and their anticipations for the future. Additionally, we used chi-square analysis to determine whether perspectives on environmental conditions were related to producer demographic characteristics. Two demographic variables were significant: generation of farmer and political affiliation. Our findings can assist Extension professionals in developing programs tailored to target audiences' environmental perceptions and demographics. | Thorn, K; Radhakrishna, R; Tobin, D | Pennsylvania Agricultural Producers' Observations of Changing Environmental Conditions: Implications for Research and Extension | Journal Of Extension | null |
Seasonal climatic forecasting is one of the more promising experimental technologies now being developed to help mitigate the risks posed by climatic hazards for agricultural production in developing nations. However, numerous studies of traditional agricultural communities have shown that farmers already often manage climatic risk through traditional methods of climate prediction and ritual. This local knowledge may or may not accurately predict climatic events, but it characterizes the demand for climate information and indicates how new climate forecasts might be received. Based on ethnographic data, this paper describes traditional climate prediction methods of farmers in Tlaxcala, Mexico to illustrate the relevance of local climate knowledge for seasonal forecasting. | Eakin, H | Seasonal climate forecasting and the relevance of local knowledge | Physical Geography | https://doi.org/10.1080/02723646.1999.10642689 |
The connection between scientific knowledge and environmental policy is enhanced through boundary organizations and objects that are perceived to be credible, salient, and legitimate. In this study, water resource decision-makers evaluated the knowledge embedded in WaterSim, an interactive simulation model of water supply and demand presented in an immersive decision theater. Content analysis of individual responses demonstrated that stakeholders were fairly critical of the model's validity, relevance, and bias. Differing perspectives reveal tradeoffs in achieving credible, salient, and legitimate boundary objects, along with the need for iterative processes that engage them in the co-production of knowledge and action. | White, DD; Wutich, A; Larson, KL; Gober, P; Lant, T; Senneville, C | Credibility, salience, and legitimacy of boundary objects: water managers' assessment of a simulation model in an immersive decision theater | Science And Public Policy | https://doi.org/10.3152/030234210X497726 |
Flood risk poses a significant threat to many communities and, whereas measures can be taken to reduce the likelihood and impact of flooding, the risk can never be eliminated altogether. Insurance provides a useful means of spreading the residual risk and this paper provides a description of the UK partnership that enables insurance, backed by private-sector capital, to be made available on the basis of Government commitment to manage risks. It describes the benefits of this approach compared with that taken in other parts of Europe and makes the case for further broadening and deepening of partnership as climate change and socio-economic development give rise to increasing risks. | Crossman, M; Richardson, D; Milne, J | A partnership approach to managing flood risk | Proceedings Of The Institution Of Civil Engineers-Civil Engineering | https://doi.org/10.1680/cien.2006.159.6.41 |
This study examined gaps in climate information within public agricultural extension in Limpopo Province, South Africa. It assessed extension officers' climate change perceptions, knowledge and climate education. Lastly, the study examined the extension approaches for overall suitability of climate information disseminated to rural smallholder farmers. The results indicated that participants were predominately male, with tertiary education. Education levels had an influence on exposure to climate education and extension approaches in disseminating agricultural information to farmers. There is a need to retool extension officers in climate change extension work, integrating indigenous knowledge to increase suitability and acceptability of information by smallholder farmers. | Zikhali, ZM; Mafongoya, PL; Mudhara, M; Jiri, O; Mudaniso, B | Extension Agents' Perception on Suitability of Climate Change Information Disseminated to Smallholder Farmers | Journal Of Asian And African Studies | https://doi.org/10.1177/00219096211004642 |
Analysis of the economic impact of climate change typically considers regional or national economies and assesses its impact on macroeconomic aggregates such as gross domestic product. These studies therefore do not investigate the distributional impacts of climate change within countries or the impacts on poverty. This Perspective aims to close this gap and provide an assessment of climate change impacts at the household level to investigate the consequences of climate change for poverty and for poor people. It does so by combining assessments of the physical impacts of climate change in various sectors with household surveys. In particular, it highlights how rapid and inclusive development can reduce the future impact of climate change on poverty. | Hallegatte, S; Rozenberg, J | Climate change through a poverty lens | Nature Climate Change | https://doi.org/10.1038/NCLIMATE3253 |
This paper presents a social network analysis of twenty-five municipalities within Greater Melbourne to determine which organizations are most central in urban sustainability work. By analysing how cities' urban sustainability documents cross-reference each other, I find a geographic pattern of collaboration from the city centre northwards to the urban fringe. State government agencies and regional utilities are the most important external organizations. The results confirm a multi-scalar approach to understanding local governments and urban sustainability, while emphasizing multiple approaches of local governments within a metropolitan region. Furthermore, water was the key to defining sustainability in Greater Melbourne in the mid-2010s. | Cidell, J | Cooperating on Urban Sustainability: A Social Network Analysis of Municipalities across Greater Melbourne | Urban Policy And Research | https://doi.org/10.1080/08111146.2020.1753689 |
Agricultural policymakers call for the operationalisation of farm resilience as a dynamic concept. Therefore, we quantify farm resilience along the dimensions of robustness, adaptation and transformation. Using the rich Farm Accountancy Data Network panel data set, we explore which farm(er) characteristics affect resilience. We employ a control function approach to address the presence of endogeneity in correlated random effects (fractional) probit models. In general, we find that decoupled payments negatively affect robustness, while rural development payments have a positive effect on robustness. Both decoupled and rural development payments have no effect on adaptation and transformation in most European regions. | Slijper, T; de Mey, Y; Poortvliet, PM; Meuwissen, MPM | Quantifying the resilience of European farms using FADN | European Review Of Agricultural Economics | https://doi.org/10.1093/erae/jbab042 |
This study predicts the impact of climate change on African agriculture. We use a generalized linear model (GLM) framework to estimate the relationship between the proportion of various Agro-Ecological Zones (AEZs) in a district and climate. Using three climate scenarios, we project how climate change will cause AEZs to shift, causing changes in acreage and net revenue per hectare of cropland. Our results predict that Africa will suffer heavy annual welfare losses by 2070-2100, ranging between US$14 billion and US$70 billion, depending on the climate scenario and cropland measure considered. | Kala, N; Kurukulasuriya, P; Mendelsohn, R | The impact of climate change on agro-ecological zones: evidence from Africa | Environment And Development Economics | https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355770X12000241 |
A function model was used to quantify the vulnerability of the Haihe River basin on the basis of sensitivity, adaptability of the water resources system, exposure and drought disaster risk. Surface water resources vulnerability was assessed for a benchmark year (2000) using the function and indicator models and for modelled future climate scenarios using only the function assessment model. In the results, surface water resources vulnerability was greater when exposure, disaster risk and water quality factors were considered. Both models gave the result that vulnerability of water resources in study area was high; all the regions were rated highly', strongly', or extremely' fragile. | Shi, W; Xia, J; Gippel, CJ; Chen, JX; Hong, S | Influence of disaster risk, exposure and water quality on vulnerability of surface water resources under a changing climate in the Haihe River basin | Water International | https://doi.org/10.1080/02508060.2017.1301143 |
This article aims to show, through the example of Cambodia, how territorial framework is significant for public policies and risk management strategies. Bibliographic research and field observations directed the study case and explore risk management in a developing country which experienced recent political and military history with large consequences in the different institutions and for citizens. This evaluation shows several elements, the difficulties related to low development indicators, a military and political context still weak, difficulties in accessing data, the lack of knowledge about historical events and governance issues. It is also about the standardized approach sometimes not transferable to these territories with specifics characteristics. | Rey, T; Defossez, S | Understanding hydrometeorological risk management in Cambodia | Territoire En Mouvement | https://doi.org/10.4000/tem.5761 |
This article investigates the in-fluence of public risk mitigating activities on individuals' decisions to privately mitigate their disaster risks through changes in their risk perceptions. We exploit heterogeneity in measures under the U.S. Community Rating System to empirically demonstrate that public investment in flood risk communication activ-ities crowds in individuals' flood insurance demand, while activities that lower the flood hazard residents face crowd out individuals' flood insurance demand. We contribute to the discussion of the efficacy of disaster risk miti-gation strategies and who ultimately bears the costs of natural disasters. (JEL Q54, Q58) | Borsky, S; Hennighausen, H | Public Flood Risk Mitigation and the Homeowner?s Insurance Demand Response S | Land Economics | https://doi.org/10.3368/le.98.4.061720-0088R2 |
This article analyses the success and failure factors underlying smallholder farmers' resilience to drought in Sub-Saharan Africa based on a literature review of the period 2007-19. The analysis is guided by transformation theory, which states that transformation requires adequate preconditions in three spheres: practical, political and personal. While significant progress has occurred in the practical sphere, only moderate change characterizes the political sphere, and the most limited progress is within the personal sphere. We argue that increasing drought resilience requires innovative solutions, including components from all transformation spheres. Interactions with local stakeholders and the empowerment of smallholder farmers are essential. | Nzeyimana, L; Danielsson, Å; Andersson, L; Gyberg, VB | Success and failure factors for increasing Sub-Saharan African smallholders' resilience to drought through water management | International Journal Of Water Resources Development | https://doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2021.1991285 |
Calls from the climate change community and a more widespread concern for human security have reawakened the interest of geographers and others in disaster politics. A legacy of geographical research on the political causes and consequences of disaster is reviewed and built on to formulate a framework for the analysis of post-disaster political space. This is constructed around the notion of a contested social contract. The Marmara earthquake, Turkey, is used to illustrate the framework and provide empirical detail on the multiple scales and time phasing of post-disaster political change. Priorities for a future research agenda in disaster politics are proposed. | Pelling, M; Dill, K | Disaster politics: tipping points for change in the adaptation of sociopolitical regimes | Progress In Human Geography | https://doi.org/10.1177/0309132509105004 |
This paper investigates whether climate risk and climate policy uncertainty (CPU) have traditional linear or complicated non-linear impacts on insurance demand. We find evidence that both phenomena exist. Linear model shows positive effect of climate risk and negative effect of CPU on insurance demand. However, climate risk and CPU are interdependent, non-linear analysis demonstrates that CPU acts as a threshold. In particular, climate risk has a U-shaped relationship with life insurance demand and an inverse S-shaped relationship with non-life insurance demand, which provides insurance companies with a better understanding of how insurance demand fluctuates under climate risk. | Liu, B; Yin, WJ; Chen, G; Yao, J | The threshold effect of climate risk and the non-linear role of climate policy uncertainty on insurance demand: Evidence from OECD countries | Finance Research Letters | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2023.103820 |
In this paper we bring together work on landscape, temporality and lay knowledges to propose new ways of understanding climate change. A focus on the familiar landscapes of everyday life offers an opportunity to examine how climate change could be researched as a relational phenomenon, understood on a local level, with distinctive spatialities and temporalities. Climate change can be observed in relation to landscape but also felt, sensed, apprehended emotionally as part of the fabric of everyday life in which acceptance, denial, resignation and action co-exist as personal and social responses to the local manifestations of a global problem. | Brace, C; Geoghegan, H | Human geographies of climate change: Landscape, temporality, and lay knowledges | Progress In Human Geography | https://doi.org/10.1177/0309132510376259 |
The Latin American region is particularly prone to climate-related natural hazards. However, this article argues that natural hazards are only partly to blame for the region's vulnerability to natural disasters with quantitative evidence suggesting instead that income per capita and inequality are main determinants of natural disaster mortality in Latin America. Locally, the region's poor are particularly susceptible to climate-related natural hazards. As a result of their limited access to capital, adaptation based on social assets constitutes an effective coping strategy. Evidence from Bolivia and Belize illustrates the importance of social assets in protecting the most vulnerable against natural disasters. | Rubin, O; Rossing, T | National and Local Vulnerability to Climate-Related Disasters in Latin America: The Role of Social Asset-Based Adaptation | Bulletin Of Latin American Research | https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-9856.2011.00607.x |
The complex interaction between city and climate crisis is converting design-based disciplines from deterministic to flexible approaches. In this nerd, Decision-Making Under Deep Uncertainty (DMDU) methods and operational strategies can be valuable support mechanisms to cope with the emerging climate fragilities of urban systems. In light of recent advances in the field of adaptive approaches, this paper discusses key concepts, current limitations and the potential to introduce the DMDU in the method and practices of regenerative design. Our critical discussion aims to restore the designees role within the DMDU and to reduce current and future climate fragilities in European cities. | Mannucci, S; Morganti, M | How to tackle climate fragilities by DMDU. Making possible with regenerative design | Techne-Journal Of Technology For Architecture And Environment | https://doi.org/10.36253/techne-12136 |
Selected rainfall characteristics derived by analyzing observed rainfall data in two Sri Lankan river basins (Malwathu Oya and Kalu Ganga) were compared with the perceptions of farmers. The rainfall characteristics used for this analysis are trends, onset and cessation dates, length of the growing period, number of rainy days, and length of the dry spell. Farmers' perceptions of changes in those characteristics were collected through household surveys. The majority of farmers in both river basins failed to recognize the long-term upward trend in annual rainfall. They also failed to describe the adaptation measures they were currently practising. | Muthuwatta, L; Perera, HPTW; Eriyagama, N; Surangika, KBNU; Premachandra, WW | Trend and variability of rainfall in two river basins in Sri Lanka: an analysis of meteorological data and farmers' perceptions | Water International | https://doi.org/10.1080/02508060.2017.1406784 |
The capacity to adapt to challenges such as climate change can be seen as largely determined by socioeconomic context or social vulnerability. This article examines the adaptive capacity of local actors in response to globalization and climate change, asking: how much of the desirable adaptation can be undertaken at a local level, and how much is determined by actors at other levels, for instance, when resource conflicts occur? Drawing on case studies of fishing in northern Norway and north-west Russia, the paper shows that adaptive capacity beyond the immediate economic adaptations available to local actors is, to a considerable extent, politically determined within larger governance networks. | Keskitalo, ECH; Kulyasova, AA | The role of governance in community adaptation to climate change | Polar Research | https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-8369.2009.00097.x |
Climate change combined with human activities poses significant risks to people's livelihood especially in developing countries. Adaptation at the community level is of crucial importance in enabling them to respond to the direct and indirect effects of changes in climate. In a case study of fishing communities in Chilika lagoon, India, the focus is made on understanding climate change adaptation at the community level and scaling it up into the policy perspective through application of Sustainable Livelihood Approach. This article challenges the research and policy community to encourage the identification of locally negative constraints and positive strengths toward climate resilient communities in rural areas. | Iwasaki, S; Razafindrabe, BHN; Shaw, R | Fishery livelihoods and adaptation to climate change: a case study of Chilika lagoon, India | Mitigation And Adaptation Strategies For Global Change | https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-009-9167-8 |
We measure the economic impact of climate on land prices. Using cross-sectional data on climate, farmland prices, and other economic and geophysical data for almost 3,000 counties in the United States, we find that higher temperatures in all seasons except autumn reduce average farm values, while more precipitation outside of autumn increases farm values. Applying the model to a global-warming scenario shows a significantly lower estimated impact of global warming on U.S. agriculture than the traditional production-function approach and, in one case, suggests that, even without CO2 fertilization, global warming may have economic benefits for agriculture. | MENDELSOHN, R; NORDHAUS, WD; SHAW, D | THE IMPACT OF GLOBAL WARMING ON AGRICULTURE - A RICARDIAN ANALYSIS | American Economic Review | null |
Disaster management leaders are instrumental in reducing loss and suffering from complex disasters, however recent scholarship questions the efficacy of certain leadership characteristics when attempting to achieve this. The extent that character, shaped either by socially established cooperative human activities and shared lived experiences, or by imperceptible sociocultural influences promoting individualism and economic growth through a resolute higher authority, is examined from the perspectives of 89 disaster management leaders. The results indicate that self-interest constrains trust, compassion, and other characteristics. Further research is proposed to determine how mindfulness can incentivise policy and structural change in response to complex disasters. | Crosweller, M | Disaster management leadership and the need for virtue, mindfulness, and practical wisdom | Progress In Disaster Science | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdisas.2022.100248 |
This paper examines different adaptive responses that lakeside communities develop when faced with environmental change. The focus lies particularly on rural towns near lake Chapala, Mexico, affected by water level fluctuations. These situations require social reorganization, especially among groups whose survival is directly dependent on the lake's integrity, such as fishermen. Using an adaptation and adaptability framework, various historical and current strategies used to confront scarcity and lake stress in La Palma, Michoacan are contrasted. Our aim is to highlight the changing social position of the fishing trade, and its most influential cultural features that have allowed its continuity. | Gutiérrez, CP; Chavolla, J | Living with the shortage. Culture and fishing adaptability in Chapala Lake | Perfiles Latinoamericanos | https://doi.org/10.18504/pl2651-004-2018 |
Established urban policy and planning approaches are ill-equipped to deal with the wicked nature of urban resilience problems and challenges. To break down bureaucratic silos and foster transformative change, 'governance experiments' are heralded as promising platforms for testing new ways of collaboration and urban innovation. This paper introduces an analytical framework to unpack the organizational principles and institutional structures of governance experimentation. It applies this framework on urban resilience actions in Melbourne as part of the Rockefeller 100 Resilient Cities Network. The case studies illustrate that governance experimentation requires active stakeholder and boundary management and acceptance to learn from failure. | Fastenrath, S; Coenen, L | Future-proof cities through governance experiments? Insights from the Resilient Melbourne Strategy (RMS) | Regional Studies | https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2020.1744551 |
Tropical storm Nicole and hurricane Tomas exposed the economic, political, and environmental vulnerability of Mesa Sur, a coffee-farming community in southern Costa Rica, yet also revealed latent assets. In the face of climatic adversity, the community organized and, thus, exhibited its social adaptive capacity and amplified its resiliency. Community members' engagement with the state resulted in short-term assistance from the state as well as long-term plans for collaborative and integrated rural development. Data were gathered via a case study approach that involved interviews, participant observation, secondary literature, and media reports. | Vo, CS | Vulnerability and resiliency: How climate disasters activate latent social assets | International Social Work | https://doi.org/10.1177/0020872815570075 |
The increases in greenhouse gas concentrations caused by anthropogenic activities such as industrial emissions, transport and burning of forests and other resources, recorded over the past decades, are known to have an impact on the global environment. In particular, this paper reviews the evidence that climate change has an impact on human health as a whole and on the spread of vector-borne diseases in particular. It offers an analysis of previous research on the connections between climate change and health, with a case study from Brazil, and lists some areas which may guide future policy-making. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. | Leal, W; Bönecke, J; Spielmann, H; Azeiteiro, UM; Alves, F; de Carvalho, ML; Nagy, GJ | Climate change and health: An analysis of causal relations on the spread of vector-borne diseases in Brazil | Journal Of Cleaner Production | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.12.144 |
This is the protocol for a Campbell systematic review. The objectives are as follows: the primary objective of this review is to synthesise evidence of the effectiveness of interventions to promote climate-smart agriculture to enhance agricultural outcomes and resilience of women farmers in low-and-middle-income countries (research question 1). The secondary objective is to examine evidence along the causal pathway from access to interventions to promote climate-smart agriculture to empowering women so that they can use climate-smart technology. And such outcomes include knowledge sharing, agency improvement, resource access and decision-making (research question 2). | Saran, A; Singh, S; Gupta, N; Walke, SC; Rao, R; Simiyu, C; Malhotra, S; Mishra, A; Puskur, R; Masset, E; White, H; Waddington, HS | PROTOCOL: Interventions promoting resilience through climate-smart agricultural practices for women farmers: A systematic review | Campbell Systematic Reviews | https://doi.org/10.1002/cl2.1274 |
. This paper investigates a horticultural community's approaches to developing new farming practices to mitigate climate change induced food insecurity. Drawing on the concept of the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) from cultural-historical activity theory, the paper illustrates how the strong cultural and historical attachment to existing practices plays as significant a role as the intractitability and unpredictability of the changing rainfalls in mediating community members' investment in new practices. The study suggests what is perceived as 'safe', materially and socially, is playing a central role in setting the boundary of their ZPD. | Chineka, R; Yasukawa, K | Examining the zone of proximal development in learning and development for climate mitigation | Mind Culture And Activity | https://doi.org/10.1080/10749039.2021.1960566 |
This study explores the integration of photovoice with Facebook to demonstrate diverse dimensions of vulnerability through the lens of twenty-six informal settlers in metropolitan Manila and Cebu City. Through this mixed-methods approach, the article adds to the growing literature on vulnerability as an intrinsic and dynamic outcome of unjust social structures in the context of community resilience. Findings demonstrate the richness of vulnerability through a participant-driven approach, enhancing planners' understanding of current resilience studies. Such a nonlinear exploration also presents place-based concerns and capabilities, which potentially inform planners for more inclusive resilience building across scales. | Cai, YJ | Visualizing Vulnerability for Inclusive Community Resilience: Photovoice Evidence from the Philippines | Journal Of Planning Education And Research | https://doi.org/10.1177/0739456X20949644 |
Effective management of slow-onset impacts such as coastal erosion, desertification and sea level rise and their oftentransformative impacts on communities and countries has remained relatively unexplored in terms of policy and finance responses. Drawing on relevant global experience, this paper investigates recent approaches to planned relocation as one possible response to climate change impacts and considers principles to inform the design of a fair and effective funding system. Relevant principles include minimizing long-term societal costs, pursuing intergenerational equity, integrating funding with broader sustainable development objectives and ensuring a high degree of transparency and accountability for the use of public funds. | Boston, J; Panda, A; Surminski, S | Designing a funding framework for the impacts of slow-onset climate change-insights from recent experiences with planned relocation | Current Opinion In Environmental Sustainability | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2021.04.001 |
Using a comprehensive dataset of 272 large-scale natural disasters in 83 countries from 1986 to 2018, we find that disasters increase government debt financing costs (T-bill rates and 10-year government bond yields) but only in the middle- and low-income countries. This distinct response relative to high-income countries is due to lower levels of credit market depth, of private insurance penetration, and of central bank independence. The results for all natural disasters are driven by biological (epidemic) and climatological disasters - two types of hazards, the frequency and severity of which have been rising. | Fisera, B; Horvath, R; Melecky, M | NATURAL DISASTERS AND DEBT FINANCING COSTS | Climate Change Economics | https://doi.org/10.1142/S201000782350015X |
Flood risk management in Europe and worldwide is not static but constantly in a state of flux. There has been a trend towards more integrated flood risk management in many countries. However, the initial situation and the pace and direction of change is very different in the various countries. In this paper, we will present a conceptual framework that seeks to explain why countries opt for different flood risk management portfolios. The developed framework utilises insights from a range of policy science concepts in an integrated way and considers, among others, factors such as geographical characteristics, the experience with flood disasters, as well as human behavioural aspects. | Bubeck, P; Kreibich, H; Penning-Rowsell, EC; Botzen, WJW; de Moel, H; Klijn, F | Explaining differences in flood management approaches in Europe and in the USA - a comparative analysis | Journal Of Flood Risk Management | https://doi.org/10.1111/jfr3.12151 |
This paper applies social network analysis (SNA) as a methodology to investigate community resilience after the December 2004 tsunami and the March 2005 earthquake which struck both Nias and Aceh, Indonesia. Through the analysis, this research focuses on the urban and rural gradients and shows how victims' personal characteristic such as religion, ethnicity and gender create different community's circles of social support. Moreover, this article points out who are the key opinion leaders in the networks and identifies channels of resources/information considered to be crucial to face disaster. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. | Guarnacci, U | Joining the dots: Social networks and community resilience in post-conflict, post-disaster Indonesia | International Journal Of Disaster Risk Reduction | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2016.03.001 |
The aim of this study is to identify which psychosocial factors of the theory of planned behavior better predict and explain the adoption of heat and flood adaptation behaviors by municipal authorities in the Province of Quebec, Canada, and to explore the cognitive structures motivating municipal officers to adopt adaptation behaviors. The results of structural equation analyses showed that municipal authorities' attitude toward the adoption of adaptation behaviors (i.e., the degree to which the performance of an adaptive behavior is positively or negatively valued by municipal officers) and perceived control (barriers) over adaptation behaviors significantly contributed to the prediction of readiness to adopt the behavior. | Jacob, J; Valois, P; Tessier, M | Using the Theory of Planned Behavior to Predict the Adoption of Heat and Flood Adaptation Behaviors by Municipal Authorities in the Province of Quebec, Canada | Sustainability | https://doi.org/10.3390/su13052420 |
This paper examines future economic damages from tropical cyclones under a range of assumptions about societal change, climate change and the relationship of climate change to damage in 2050. It finds in all cases that efforts to reduce vulnerability to losses, often called climate adaptation, have far greater potential effectiveness to reduce damage related to tropical cyclones than efforts to modulate the behaviour of storms through greenhouse gas emissions reduction policies, typically called climate mitigation and achieved through energy policies. The paper urges caution in using economic losses of tropical cyclones as justification for action on energy policies when far more potentially effective options are available. | Pielke, RA | Future economic damage from tropical cyclones: sensitivities to societal and climate changes | Philosophical Transactions Of The Royal Society A-Mathematical Physical And Engineering Sciences | https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2007.2086 |
Three prominent disasters in Indonesia demonstrate the importance of gender roles, relations and practices in delineating the social and spatial relations of Riskscapes, with implications for developing resilience to disaster and preparing for climate change. We build on a model of Riskscapes that incorporates power relations as a conceptual dimension and show how gender plays a central role in this, as well as intersecting with the other dimensions of Riskscape specification. We conclude with a series of hypotheses that can test the model and clarify and specify the ways gender requires incorporation into disaster and climate change Riskscape research, planning and action. | Tickamyer, AR; Kusujiarti, S | Riskscapes of gender, disaster and climate change in Indonesia | Cambridge Journal Of Regions Economy And Society | https://doi.org/10.1093/cjres/rsaa006 |
This paper focuses on the management of Climate Change Mitigation (CCM), seeking a working institution capable of addressing its cross-scale and multi-level challenges. Currently, two most studied forms of institution are co-management and transnational networks, of which a common point is that they both attempt to build up cooperative networks. While cooperative networks have a general form of viability, this paper develops an Interactions Check Table (ICT) to illustrate those interactions between stakeholders in those two forms of cooperative networks. On the basis of the ICT analysis, this paper makes suggestions for improving cooperative networks as a working institution. | Sun, Q; Wennersten, R; Brandt, N | Governance of large-scale environmental problems: the case of climate change | International Journal Of Global Warming | https://doi.org/10.1504/IJGW.2010.033720 |
The paper discusses how the current climate change debate influences the way in which development is conceptualised, negotiated and implemented. The objective of the article is to explore some of the underlying controversies that characterise development discourses in the context of climate change. Adaptation to climate change goes along with a significant shift in discourses used to deal with what is normally called development. This is reflected in shifting research interests and perspectives, from vulnerability studies to resilience thinking. However, the paper argues, this shift is problematic for the normative contents of development and especially for a pro-poor and grass roots perspective. | Cannon, T; Müller-Mahn, D | Vulnerability, resilience and development discourses in context of climate change | Natural Hazards | https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-010-9499-4 |
This article reflects on the importance of identifying key actors in climate management in Cuba, for which a methodological proposal used in a project to adapt to climate change in Cuban coastal areas with an ecosystem approach is presented. From a theoretical reflection, he tackles the topic of Climate Change from equity, with emphasis on the Cuban case, and the importance of the key actors in the management of projects of this type. Finally, it concludes with a methodological proposal prepared by professors from the Latin American Faculty of Social Sciences of the University of Havana to identify key actors in adaptation projects to Climate Change. | Guethón, RJ; Pérez, DD; Martínez, JR | Key Actors in the Management of Climate Change Adaptation Projects. A Methodological Proposal for its Identification | Estudios Del Desarrollo Social-Cuba Y America Latina | null |
In this paper, we use a computable general equilibrium model to simulate the effects of drought and a decrease in agricultural productivity caused by climate change in Guatemala. A reduction in agricultural productivity would mean a considerable drop in crop and livestock production, and the resulting higher prices and lower household income would mean a significant reduction in the consumption of agricultural goods and food. The most negative effects of a drought would be concentrated in agriculture, given its intensive use of water. Because agricultural production is essential to ensuring food availability, these results suggest that Guatemala needs a proper water-distribution regulatory framework. | Vargas, R; Cabrera, M; Cicowiez, M; Escobar, P; Hernández, V; Cabrera, J; Guzmán, V | Climate risk and food availability in Guatemala | Environment And Development Economics | https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355770X18000335 |
A regionally representative survey of 900 Inland Pacific Northwest farmers showed that farmers trust other farmers and agribusiness most for production management decisions but trust university Extension most for climate change information. Additionally, in responding to questions about use of the Internet and mobile applications for making farm management decisions, many farmers indicated that they use the Internet daily but mobile applications much less regularly to access farm-related information. These results suggest that university Extension personnel have an important role to play in informing farmers about climate change and can do so effectively by using certain digital tools alongside other more traditional avenues for information delivery. | Borrelli, KA; Roesch-McNally, GE; Wulfhorst, JD; Eigenbrode, SD; Yorgey, GG; Kruger, CE; Houston, LL; Bernacchi, LA; Mahler, RL | Farmers' Trust in Sources of Production and Climate Information and Their Use of Technology | Journal Of Extension | null |
This paper analyses how disaster risk management paradigms have gradually developed since the 1960s, shaped by practical experience of-and the debate about-the rising number of disasters, growing urbanization, and changing climatic conditions. In this context, climate change is shown as driving an urban pro-poor adaptation agenda, which could allow current shortcomings in urban risk reduction to be overcome. However, as past lessons in disaster risk management are rarely considered, any potential for improvement remains untapped. Possible ways of rectifying this situation are discussed, and a comprehensive framework for the reduction of both disaster and climate risks is presented. | Wamsler, C | REDUCING RISK IN A CHANGING CLIMATE: Changing Paradigms toward Urban Pro-Poor Adaptation | Open House International | null |
Central debates in urban studies often appear to neglect the most urgent issues confronting cities and regions. Discourses on generalised urban processes, historical difference and planetary urbanisaf rarely take, as a primary object of analysis, intertwined global climate change and urban change. Climate change is often considered generalised, affecting everyone everywhere. But its impacts are unevenly distributed and experienced. It links generalised processes and particular impacts and actions with implications for urban theory. This article builds on theories of multiscalar research and the politics of location to develop a conceptual framework of urban change through the lens of climate justice. | Goh, K | Urbanising climate justice: constructing scales and politicising difference | Cambridge Journal Of Regions Economy And Society | https://doi.org/10.1093/cjres/rsaa010 |
Asian agriculture is responsible for two thirds of global agricultural GDP. There have been numerous studies exploring the impact of climate change on crops in specific locations in Asia but no study has yet analyzed crops across the entire continent. This study relies on a Ricardian study of China that estimated climate coefficients for Chinese crops. These coefficients are then used to interpolate potential climate damages across the continent. With carbon fertilization, the model predicts small aggregate effects with a 1.5 degrees C warming but damages of about US$84 billion with 3 degrees C warming. India is predicted to be especially vulnerable. | Mendelsohn, R | The Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture in Asia | Journal Of Integrative Agriculture | https://doi.org/10.1016/S2095-3119(13)60701-7 |
This article uses nationally representative data from Malawi's 2004/05 Integrated Household Survey (IHS2) to examine whether rainfall conditions influence a rural worker's decision to make a long-term move to an urban or another rural area. Results of a Full Information Maximum Likelihood regression model reveal that (1) rainfall shocks have a negative association with rural out-migration, (2) migrants choose to move to communities where rainfall variability and drought probability are lower, and (3) rainfall shocks have larger negative effects on the consumption of recent migrants than on the consumption of long-time residents. | Lewin, PA; Fisher, M; Weber, B | Do rainfall conditions push or pull rural migrants: evidence from Malawi | Agricultural Economics | https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-0862.2011.00576.x |
This article reports on a study that employed the livelihood vulnerability approach and Simpson's diversification index to examine the vulnerability and diversification of fishing households in Ghana, using primary data from 715 households. It found significant differences between the vulnerability indexes of the combined areas below the Akosombo dam and the area upstream of the dam. A majority of the households have diversified their activities. Therefore, policy interventions to make fishing households less vulnerable should focus on households upstream of the Akosombo dam. Policy interventions that enhance the diversification of the fishing households to enable them reduce their income risks are important. | Amevenku, FKY; Kuwornu, JKM; Seini, AW; Osei-Asare, YB; Anim-Somuah, H | Livelihood vulnerabilities and diversification of fishing households in Ghana | Development In Practice | https://doi.org/10.1080/09614524.2019.1636933 |
Despite interest in the importance of social equity to sustainability, there is concern that equity is often left behind in practice relative to environmental and economic imperatives. We analyze recent climate and sustainability action plans from a sample of twenty-eight medium and large U.S. cities, finding that few made social equity a prominent goal of their plans, although there is a discernible trend in this direction. We present case studies of three cities that incorporated social equity goals, concluding that sustainability planning efforts provide strategic opportunities to pursue equity goals, especially where capacity exists among community-based actors to intervene and participate. | Schrock, G; Bassett, EM; Green, J | Pursuing Equity and Justice in a Changing Climate: Assessing Equity in Local Climate and Sustainability Plans in US Cities | Journal Of Planning Education And Research | https://doi.org/10.1177/0739456X15580022 |
This study scrutinizes spatial econometric models and specifications of crop yield response functions to provide a robust evaluation of empirical alternatives available to researchers. We specify 14 competing panel regression models of crop yield response to weather and site characteristics. Using county corn yields in the US, this study implements in-sample, out-of-sample, and bootstrapped out-of-sample prediction performance comparisons. Descriptive propositions and empirical results demonstrate the importance of spatial correlation and empirically support the fixed effects model with spatially dependent error structures. This study also emphasizes the importance of extensive model specification testing and evaluation of selection criteria for prediction. | Yun, SD; Gramig, BM | Spatial Panel Models of Crop Yield Response to Weather: Econometric Specification Strategies and Prediction Performance | Journal Of Agricultural And Applied Economics | https://doi.org/10.1017/aae.2021.29 |
Research on Local Emergency Planning Committees (LEPCs) has suggested that members' perceptions of group processes and participation activities mediate the relationship between organizational context and LEPC effectiveness. Data from 57 LEPCs support the importance of organizational commitment in predicting member participation and the predictive power of some of organizational commitment's previously identified antecedents. However, the data failed to support two hypotheses about the effects of organizational context on group process and of member participation on LEPC effectiveness. These findings suggest ways to increase the effectiveness of voluntary, quasi-public organizations such as LEPCs, citizen advisory panels, and planning boards. | Whitney, DJ; Lindell, MK | Member commitment and participation in local emergency planning committees | Policy Studies Journal | https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0072.2000.tb02043.x |
Development studies highlight the importance of scaling good practices and their replicability and transferability to face global warming. But what happens when practices originate in informal urban contexts? Should they be replicated, amplified and formalized? We explore the opportunities and contradictions that emerge in scaling disaster risk reduction in informal settings. For four years, we documented 24 local initiatives and the work of leaders in Latin America. Results show that impact depends on intermediaries, trust, dialogue and a delicate balance between conflicting objectives and different levels of involvement by externals. To succeed, initiatives must address the problem of doing more. | Lizarralde, G; Bornstein, L; Herazo, B; Burdiles, R; Araneda, C; Martínez, HP; Diaz, JH; Fauveaud, G; Olivera, A; Gonzalez, G; López, O; López, A; Dhar, T | The problem of doing more: success and paradoxes in scaling up informal initiatives for disaster risk reduction and climate action | Canadian Journal Of Development Studies-Revue Canadienne D Etudes Du Developpement | https://doi.org/10.1080/02255189.2021.2019574 |
The realities of climate change demand updated approaches and tools to support decision making. In this article, we examine the promise of an emerging tool, multicriteria analysis (MCA), in climate-change planning. We find that MCA has the potential to perform better than cost-benefit analysis and working group approaches in supporting decision-making processes that are more participatory, transparent, comprehensive, rigorous, and scenario-driven. However, in practice, MCA may not achieve all of these effective planning principles, and it is more likely to fall short in cases where planners have limited resources. | Ellen, IG; Yager, J; Hanson, M; Bosher, L | Planning for an Uncertain Future: Can Multicriteria Analysis Support Better Decision Making in Climate Planning? | Journal Of Planning Education And Research | https://doi.org/10.1177/0739456X16659911 |
The private sector is already experiencing the impacts of climate change, from increased operational costs to disrupted production. Investors are increasingly asking companies to disclose these risks as the physical consequences of climate change become financially material. In reviewing more than 1,600 corporate adaptation strategies, we find significant blind spots in companies' assessments of climate change impacts and in their development of strategies for managing them. Adaptation approaches that consider broader climate change risks to supply chains, customers and employees, and that integrate ecosystem-based strategies, could limit the 'tragedy of the horizon' characterized by inadequate and too-late action. | Goldstein, A; Turner, WR; Gladstone, J; Hole, DG | The private sector's climate change risk and adaptation blind spots | Nature Climate Change | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-018-0340-5 |
Climate change is a defining challenge of our times. The five papers collected in this special issue provide foundations to well-informed policymaking by addressing two main themes of the economic geography of climate change. First, it brings effects that are heterogeneous across space. Some regions of the globe will lose more than others and some may even be better off as a result. Second, humans will have to adapt in order to survive. We emphasize how the lack of mobility could contribute to worsening the socioeconomic costs of climate change. This issue also considers alternative margins of adjustment, such as fertility, specialization and trade. | Peri, G; Robert-Nicoud, F | On the economic geography of climate change | Journal Of Economic Geography | https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbab027 |
This paper analyzes slope management through terrace agriculture in Latin America's hilly to mountainous terrain to assess the practice's potential role in climate-change adaptation in the region. We review the historical geography of slope management in variable climates and highlight the role of social, rural innovation, and hybrid knowledge in the face of climate change's effects on agriculture. Although the literature on terrace agriculture in the region is extensive, further research is needed to better foresee the future of terrace agriculture, particularly in terms of its role in facing sustainability challenges posed by future climate change. | Bocco, G; Napoletano, BM | The prospects of terrace agriculture as an adaptation to climate change in Latin America | Geography Compass | https://doi.org/10.1111/gec3.12330 |
Multi-partner consortia have emerged as an important modality for knowledge generation to address complex sustainability challenges. Establishing effective multi-partner consortia involves significant investment. This article shares lessons from the Collaborative Adaptation Research Initiative in Africa and Asia (CARIAA), which aims to support policy and practice for climate change adaptation through a consortium model. Key lessons include the need to facilitate collaborative spaces to build trust and identify common interests, while accepting that this is not a guarantee of success; the importance of programmatic leadership to achieve synthesis; and the value of strategic planning in supporting motivation and alignment between partners. | Cochrane, L; Cundill, G | Enabling collaborative synthesis in multi-partner programmes | Development In Practice | https://doi.org/10.1080/09614524.2018.1480706 |
This article analyzes governmental responses for the climate change challenge in China and Brazil. Both countries have a central role in the climate change debate since they are major greenhouse gases emitters, thus contributing to the aggravation of the problem, each with differentiated participation. At the same time, policy measures aimed at climate issues in these countries may lead to the reconfiguration of international negotiations on the topic. The methodological aspects include three main points of analysis: the trajectory of greenhouse gas emissions in both countries; political and institutional structures mobilized to the climate issue and focusing on mitigation and policy responses related to climate change. | Barbi, F | Governing Climate Change in China and Brazil: Mitigation Strategies | Journal Of Chinese Political Science | https://doi.org/10.1007/s11366-016-9418-y |
Climate action at the local level represents an important and unique complement to global and national-level policies. This study provides one of the first systematic analyses of local climate actions in the State of California by comparing cities' adoption of alternative policies and statistical modeling of local choices of climate actions. The pattern of adopting different climate actions incrementally suggests that cities prefer certain actions than others. Coastal location, instead of the usual predictors of local mitigation actions, is found to affect cities' adaptation actions. Whether a city is more likely to keep its commitment to mitigate climate change depends on the nature of the commitment. | Wang, R | Adopting Local Climate Policies: What Have California Cities Done and Why? | Urban Affairs Review | https://doi.org/10.1177/1078087412469348 |
Malaysia is realising the consequence of climate change impacts and efforts are harmonising with those of national interests. Here, we explain recent climate change experiences, several framework structures for policies and national agendas on climate change concerns undertaken in Malaysia. We attempt to identify three areas of policy concerns (a) issues (b) impacts and (c) strategies and figure out the national challenge: i incorporating development concerns into climate policy ii incorporating climate concerns into development policy. We also evaluate ongoing policy preparations and strategies on climate change issues, and provide a critical review to improve Malaysian climate change related initiatives. | Al-Amin, AQ; Filho, WL | An overview of prospects and challenges in the field of climate change in Malaysia | International Journal Of Global Warming | https://doi.org/10.1504/IJGW.2011.044402 |
Using a case study from Ethiopia, this article examines the ways in which climate information and economic development interact in climate adaptation programmes. Microinsurance programmes have become very popular as an adaptation strategy but there has been little attention paid to the social, economic and political aspects of implementation. Examining one case in relation to the broader literature on climate adaptation projects suggests that greater attention needs to be paid to existing coping strategies, introduction of additional market risks, local capacity building and the socio-political context of implementation. Climate change cannot be viewed as a technical problem only; it has a social dimension as well. | Peterson, ND | Developing Climate Adaptation: The Intersection of Climate Research and Development Programmes in Index Insurance | Development And Change | https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7660.2012.01767.x |
This study explores the interaction between climate, water, and agriculture. We test whether surface water withdrawal can help explain the variation of farm values across the United States and whether adding these variables to the standard Ricardian model changes the measured climate sensitivity of agriculture. The paper finds that the value of irrigated cropland is not sensitive to precipitation and increases in value with temperature. Finally, the paper finds that sprinkler systems are used primarily in wet cool sites, whereas gravity and especially drip systems help compensate for higher temperatures. These results indicate that irrigation can help agriculture adapt to global warming. | Mendelsohn, R; Dinar, A | Climate, water, and agriculture | Land Economics | https://doi.org/10.2307/3147020 |
Ricardian (hedonic) analyses of the impact of climate change on farmland values typically assume additively separable effects of temperature and precipitation with model estimation being implemented on data aggregated across counties or large regions. We use a large panel of farm-level data to investigate the potential bias induced by such approaches. Consistent with the literature on plant physiology, we observe significant nonlinear interaction effects, with more abundant precipitation acting as a mitigating factor for increased heat stress. This interaction disappears when the same data are aggregated in the conventional manner, leading to predictions of climate change impacts that are significantly distorted. | Fezzi, C; Bateman, I | The Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture: Nonlinear Effects and Aggregation Bias in Ricardian Models of Farmland Values | Journal Of The Association Of Environmental And Resource Economists | https://doi.org/10.1086/680257 |
Using observational data from 50 meteorological stations in Georgia for 1936-2011, some temperature indices were studied for assessing the climate change: extreme values of temperature, the number of frosty, cold, and hot days and tropical nights as well as indices based on distribution percentiles. Geoinformation maps of the spatial structure are plotted and the dynamics of these indices for the period of global warming is studied. Determined are the mean values of indices for different averaging periods. The obtained results can be used for generalizing corresponding indices for the Caucasian region, the Black Sea basin, or Western Asia. | Elizbarashvili, ES; Elizbarashvili, ME; Kutaladze, NB; Keggenhoff, I; Kikvadze, BM; Gogiya, NM | Geography and dynamics of some temperature indices for assessing the climate change in Georgia | Russian Meteorology And Hydrology | https://doi.org/10.3103/S1068373915010069 |
Disasters occur with almost unpredictable probability, even though some ideas about the regions of incidence and likely impact on likelihood are available in the scientific literature. In this lecture, I have taken a full view of six disasters that include hydro-geological, meteorological, climate based like floods and droughts as well as the biological holocaust of Covid-19 pandemic. The approach followed in this lecture is to analyse the occurrences, incidence, history and devastation caused by the disaster. The impact and policies to alleviate the effects are also discussed. The culture of disaster reliance is discussed at the end. | Deshpande, RS | Disaster management in india: are we fully equipped? | Journal Of Social And Economic Development | https://doi.org/10.1007/s40847-022-00225-w |
This study is the first to explore the STAR Community Rating System (R) (STAR), a data-driven sustainability framework and certification program launched in October 2012, that allows local governments to measure their sustainability performance and progress relative to other communities. This research identifies and analyzes the major characteristics of the communities that are currently participating in the program. A discussion of the findings and policy recommendations should help increase the membership and effectiveness of the STAR system. More importantly, it reinforces the enormous potential that local governments have with respect to leveraging the synergies between economic, environmental, and societal priorities. | Ghosh, S | The STAR Community Rating System: An Analysis of the Communities Participating in the Program | International Journal Of Public Administration | https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2017.1390584 |
There are gaps in the existing climate change adaptation literature concerning the design of spatial planning instruments and the relationship between policy instruments and the sociopolitical barriers to adaptation reform. To help address this gap, this article presents a typology of spatial planning instruments for adaptation and analyses the pattern of instrument choice in Australian planning processes in order to shed light on contextual factors that can impede adaptation. The analysis highlights how policy design can amplify the barriers to adaptation by arranging policy actors in ways inimical to reform and stripping decision makers of the instruments necessary to make and sustain desired policy changes. | Macintosh, A; Foerster, A; McDonald, J | Policy design, spatial planning and climate change adaptation: a case study from Australia | Journal Of Environmental Planning And Management | https://doi.org/10.1080/09640568.2014.930706 |
Using a newly developed integrated indicator system with entropy weighting, we analyzed the panel data of 577 recorded disasters in 30 provinces of China from 1985-2011 to identify their links with the subsequent economic growth. Meteorological disasters promote economic growth through human capital instead of physical capital. Geological disasters did not trigger local economic growth from 1999-2011. Generally, natural disasters overall had no significant impact on economic growth from 1985-1998. Thus, human capital reinvestment should be the aim in managing recoveries, and it should be used to regenerate the local economy based on long-term sustainable development. | Guo, J; Liu, H; Wu, XH; Gu, J; Song, SF; Tang, YS | Natural Disasters, Economic Growth and Sustainable Development in China-An Empirical Study Using Provincial Panel Data | Sustainability | https://doi.org/10.3390/su71215847 |
Assuming the importance of public space design in the implementation of effective adaptation action towards urban flooding, this paper identifies and systematizes a wide range of flood adaptation measures pertinent to the design of public spaces. It presents findings from both a systematic literature review and an empirical analysis retrieved from concrete public space design precedents. It concludes with the presentation of a conceptual framework that organizes the identified measures in accordance to their main, and secondary, infrastructural strategies. The intention behind the disclosed framework is to aid a multitude of professionals during the initial exploratory phases of public space projects that incorporate flooding adaptation capacities. | Silva, MM; Costa, JP | Flood Adaptation Measures Applicable in the Design of Urban Public Spaces: Proposal for a Conceptual Framework | Water | https://doi.org/10.3390/w8070284 |
Background: Hydro-meteorological disasters are the focus of this paper. The authors examine, to which extent climate change increases their frequency and intensity. Methods: Review of IPCC-projections of climate-change related extreme weather events and related literature on health effects. Results: Projections show that climate change is likely to increase the frequency, intensity, duration, and spatial distribution of a range of extreme weather events over coming decades. Conclusions: There is a need for strengthened collaboration between climate scientists, the health researchers and policy-makers as well as the disaster community to jointly develop adaptation strategies to protect human. | Sauerborn, R; Ebi, K | Climate change and natural disasters - integrating science and practice to protect health | Global Health Action | https://doi.org/10.3402/gha.v5i0.19295 |
This study examines the extent and quality of climate adaptation integration within strategic plans of local governments in British Columbia, Canada. Strategic plans (n = 39) were assessed using plan content analysis in order to understand whether regional planning leads to adaptation action by municipalities. Framed through an institutional resilience lens, we find that regional policy guidance is critical for initiating the uptake of municipal climate adaptation; however, lack of granular adaptation policies informed by appropriate climate data constrains implementation in practice. Through collaboration and leveraging strengths of different levels of government, adaptation barriers can be addressed and the quality of adaptation policies improved. | Bonnett, NL; Birchall, SJ | The influence of regional strategic policy on municipal climate adaptation planning | Regional Studies | https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2022.2049224 |
There is no single way of increasing climate resilience that works in all locations and circumstances. This Perspective examines two current approaches to climate-resilient conservation projects that draw on insights from the Earth sciences. A cultural diversity approach has long been used by conservation organizations with large and well-trained personnel, whereas a geodiversity approach is gaining support as a way to undertake large-scale conservation planning using readily available tools. Because the two approaches are not inherently incompatible with each other, and have complementary strengths and weaknesses, land trust project managers should take advantage of both approaches to achieve their local goals. | Knudson, C; Kay, K; Fisher, S | Appraising geodiversity and cultural diversity approaches to building resilience through conservation | Nature Climate Change | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-018-0188-8 |
The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) has established the Warsaw International Mechanism (WIM) to deal with loss and damage associated with climate change impacts, including extreme events, in developing countries. It is not yet known whether events will need to be attributed to anthropogenic climate change to be considered under the WIM. Attribution is possible for some extreme events - a climate model assessment can estimate how greenhouse gas emissions have affected the likelihood of their occurrence. Dialogue between scientists and stakeholders is required to establish whether, and how, this science could play a role in the WIM. | Parker, HR; Cornforth, RJ; Boyd, E; James, R; Otto, FEL; Allen, MR | Implications of event attribution for loss and damage policy | Weather | https://doi.org/10.1002/wea.2542 |
Large rural-urban wage gaps observed in many developing countries are suggestive of barriers to migration that keep potential migrants in rural areas. Using long panel data spanning nearly two decades, I study the extent to which migration rates are constrained by liquidity constraints in rural Tanzania. The analysis begins by quantifying the impact of weather variation on household welfare. The results show how household consumption co-moves with temperature, rendering households vulnerable to local weather events. These temperature-induced income shocks are then found to inhibit long-term migration among men, thus preventing them from tapping into the opportunities brought about by geographical mobility. | Hirvonen, K | Temperature Changes, Household Consumption, and Internal Migration: Evidence from Tanzania | American Journal Of Agricultural Economics | https://doi.org/10.1093/ajae/aaw042 |
This article evaluates the effects of annual fluctuations in weather on employment in rural Mexico to gain insight into the potential labour market implications of climate change. Using a 28-year panel on individual employment, we find that years with a high occurrence of heat lead to a reduction in local employment, particularly for wage work and non-farm labour. Extreme heat also increases migration domestically from rural to urban areas and internationally to the US. A medium emissions scenario implies that increases in extreme heat may decrease local employment by up to 1.4% and climate change may increase migration by 1.4%. | Jessoe, K; Manning, DT; Taylor, JE | Climate Change and Labour Allocation in Rural Mexico: Evidence from Annual Fluctuations in Weather | Economic Journal | https://doi.org/10.1111/ecoj.12448 |
There is a growing recognition that responding to climate change necessitates urban adaptation. We sketch a transdisciplinary research effort, arguing that actionable research on urban adaptation needs to recognize the nature of cities as social networks embedded in physical space. Given the pace, scale and socioeconomic outcomes of urbanization in the Global South, the specificities and history of its cities must be central to the study of how well-known agglomeration effects can facilitate adaptation. The proposed effort calls for the co-creation of knowledge involving scientists and stakeholders, especially those historically excluded from the design and implementation of urban development policies. | Lobo, J; Aggarwal, RM; Alberti, M; Allen-Dumas, M; Bettencourt, LMA; Boone, C; Brelsford, C; Broto, VC; Eakin, H; Bagchi-Sen, S; Meerow, S; D'Cruz, C; Revi, A; Roberts, DC; Smith, ME; York, A; Lin, T; Bai, XM; Solecki, W; Pataki, D; Tapia, LB; Rockman, M; Wolfram, M; Schlosser, P; Gauthier, N | Integration of urban science and urban climate adaptation research: opportunities to advance climate action | Npj Urban Sustainability | https://doi.org/10.1038/s42949-023-00113-0 |
Cooperation amongst public, private and civil society actors in the design and implementation of sustainability policies and practices are not new. Many characteristics of urban partnerships, as a diverse set of governance instruments, show potential to address the inherent risks and impacts associated with a changing climate. This review identifies and describes a number of existing and emergent urban partnerships from traditional infrastructure Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) and urban regeneration through to cross-scalar policy networks. It examines the key challenges, and gaps, specific to adaptation that partnerships must embrace if they are to provide a valuable policy instrument for climate adaptation. | Harman, BP; Taylor, BM; Lane, MB | Urban partnerships and climate adaptation: challenges and opportunities | Current Opinion In Environmental Sustainability | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2014.11.001 |
This study investigates the climate impact on rice yield. It takes temperature and rain as indicator for climate variation on stages of growth of rice as independent variables and yield of rice as dependent variable. This study uses neutrosophic estimation and compares this with classical estimation. Estimated results show that climate variability is negatively impacting the rice yield and the crop is more vulnerable to variation in temperature than rain. Impact of climate variations on geographical regions is different which also highlights the priority territories which are more vulnerable to climate change. Neutrosophic estimation seems comparatively reliable and gives more information than classical estimation. | Janjua, AA; Aslam, M; Sultana, N | Evaluating the relationship between climate variability and agricultural crops under indeterminacy | Theoretical And Applied Climatology | https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-020-03398-8 |
Flood risk may differ across income levels. In this paper, I employ unique survey data from more than 8000 households in Germany to derive an integrated flood risk indicator that accounts for local flood exposure, assets-at-risk, housing characteristics, and household coping behavior. The results suggest that low-income households, due to their smaller homes and less valuable assets, face lower monetary flood risks than wealthier households despite the former's limited capacity to implement protection measures and purchase insurance. Relative to the available financial budget, however, expected flood damage weighs higher for low-income households. | Osberghaus, D | Poorly adapted but nothing to lose? A study on the flood risk - income relationship with a focus on low-income households | Climate Risk Management | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2020.100268 |
This paper examines the history of St. Louis, Mo. in coping with riverine flood risk over the past 15 years, with a focus on flood insurance. Six observations from a detailed case analysis are presented. They are (1) many property owners do not buy flood insurance; (2) people underestimate flood risk; (3) we need better flood maps; (4) we have a love affair with levees; (5) flood risk is increasing over time; and (6) we take deep pride in rebuilding after a disaster. Policy implications are discussed. | Kousky, C; Kunreuther, H | Improving Flood Insurance and Flood-Risk Management: Insights from St. Louis, Missouri | Natural Hazards Review | https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)NH.1527-6996.0000021 |
This paper analyzes the effects of climatic variables on food crop yields at the prefectural level from 1996 to 2016 in Togo. Using the panel-corrected standard errors method and panel data from departments in charge of agricultural statistics and meteorology, the results show that meteorological variables have various effects on food crops yields, but the negative effects are dominant. In addition, adaptation strategies through agricultural land reallocation have not enabled farmers to improve food crops yields. There is an urgent need for public authorities to implement actions to strengthen farmers' resilience through practice adoption and cultural innovations for adaptation to climate change. | Balaka, MM; Yovo, K | Effet du changement climatique sur la production vivriere au Togo | African Development Review-Revue Africaine De Developpement | https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8268.12678 |
Despite it being the most studied and arguably most profound of global environmental change problems, there is relatively little research that explores climate change as a security issue. This paper systematically explores the range of possible connections between climate change and security, including national security considerations, human security concerns, military roles, and a discussion of the widely held assumption that climate change may trigger violent conflict. The paper explains the ways in which climate change is a security issue. It includes in its discussion issues to do with both mitigation and adaptation of climate change. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science. Ltd. All rights reserved. | Barnett, J | Security and climate change | Global Environmental Change-Human And Policy Dimensions | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0959-3780(02)00080-8 |
Data on modern climate and environmental changes in the northwestern region of Russia are compared with the public perception of such changes. The analysis reveals that unusual weather patterns and single extreme events have a deeper impact on the public perception than long-term periods of climate change. The majority of population consider climate and environmental changes locally, do not associate them with global drivers, and are not prepared to adaptation. The numerical climate perception index is developed to characterize the awareness of population about the climate change and preparedness to adaptation. The index can be used for improving the awareness of policymakers for regional climate adaptation. | Anisimov, OA; Zhil'tsova, EL; Shapovalova, KO; Ershova, AA | Analysis of Climate Change Indicators. Part 2. Northwestern Russia | Russian Meteorology And Hydrology | https://doi.org/10.3103/S1068373920010021 |
If planning is to matter for urban development and policy, it is not sufficient for plans to be implemented. Plans and planning must also have a causal role-they must lead to outcomes that would not be realized otherwise. In case studies of municipal climate action planning in California, I find little evidence for any causal impacts. Instead, cities are using climate plans to codify policies that were likely to happen anyway. The results call for a more nuanced view of when it makes sense to plan, what types of plans are most useful, and how to evaluate a plan's effects. | Millard-Ball, A | The Limits to Planning: Causal Impacts of City Climate Action Plans | Journal Of Planning Education And Research | https://doi.org/10.1177/0739456X12449742 |
This progress report reviews research on climate change adaptation through a political economy lens, explaining the way ideas, institutions and interests enable diverse forms of adaptation practice. It reviews research on community-based adaptation, and spatial planning and investments in capital works for the purposes of adaptation. The analysis explains how practices that reduce vulnerability to climate change come into being, though it is as yet unclear if these existing political economies of adaptation are able to bring about the kind of (re)assembling of environments, technologies and practices over space and time necessary to sustain human needs and values through a dramatically changed climate. | Barnett, J | Global environmental change III: Political economies of adaptation to climate change | Progress In Human Geography | https://doi.org/10.1177/03091325221085593 |
This study employed a bibliometric analysis approach to understand how climate migration studies in the Pacific (CMSP) have evolved and outline the future research scope needed to contribute to the academic discourse. The study reveals that CMSP has proliferated in recent decades. It explores the most prominent authors, highly cited articles with their sources, and institutions that have contributed most articles in CMSP. The analysis also demonstrates a shift in CMSP from traditional discussion to newly emerging dimensions. The knowledge pro-duced in this study will help future contributors develop and implement new research and formulate policies around CMSP. | Ghosh, RC; Orchiston, C; Mallick, B | Climate migration studies in the Pacific (CMSP)-A bibliometric analysis | Current Research In Environmental Sustainability | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crsust.2022.100132 |
There is a need to assess the potential impacts of climate change on agriculture in order to plan appropriate adaptation measures. Farmers are already adapting to these changes to a certain degree. This article presents a case study of rainfed and farmer-managed irrigated agriculture in the Indrawati Basin, Nepal. It describes farmers' perceptions of climate change, an analysis of historical water availability, and future projections of temperature and precipitation. Adaptation strategies already being used by farmers are identified and new ones are recommended based on primary information collected from farmers and an in-depth analysis of the climate data. | Pradhan, NS; Sijapati, S; Bajracharya, SR | Farmers' responses to climate change impact on water availability: insights from the Indrawati Basin in Nepal | International Journal Of Water Resources Development | https://doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2015.1033514 |
The resilience concept requires greater attention to human livelihoods if it is to address the limits to adaptation strategies and the development needs of the planet's poorest and most vulnerable people. Although the concept of resilience is increasingly informing research and policy, its transfer from ecological theory to social systems leads to weak engagement with normative, social and political dimensions of climate change adaptation. A livelihood perspective helps to strengthen resilience thinking by placing greater emphasis on human needs and their agency, empowerment and human rights, and considering adaptive livelihood systems in the context of wider transformational changes. | Tanner, T; Lewis, D; Wrathall, D; Bronen, R; Cradock-Henry, N; Huq, S; Lawless, C; Nawrotzki, R; Prasad, V; Rahman, MA; Alaniz, R; King, K; McNamara, K; Nadiruzzaman, M; Henly-Shepard, S; Thomalla, F | Livelihood resilience in the face of climate change | Nature Climate Change | https://doi.org/10.1038/NCLIMATE2431 |
Global climate change increases the necessity for mid-latitude cities to tackle urban heat. Climate change adaptation plans are common policy mechanisms to approach the issue. This paper studies the city climate development plan (StEP Klima) of Berlin, Germany, by using Constellation Analysis. We analyzed to what extent StEP Klima might trigger planning and governance processes for the implementation of heat stress measures. Berlin's plan brought attention to the local risks of urban heat and possible strategies. To translate its aims into decision makers' everyday governance and planning practice, institutionalized guidance and an activation of policy instruments is needed. | Mahlkow, N; Donner, J | From Planning to Implementation? The Role of Climate Change Adaptation Plans to Tackle Heat Stress: A Case Study of Berlin, Germany | Journal Of Planning Education And Research | https://doi.org/10.1177/0739456X16664787 |
Current conceptualizations of vulnerability have so far served to describe-and reproduce-social difference, setting people apart at local and global scales. Yet vulnerability is fundamental to the connectedness in social relations critical to understanding and acting on climate change. A more compassionate type of research is urgently required; that is, one that goes beyond the material and political dimensions to investigate the deeply personal. Drawing on politics of adaptation, emotional geographies, sustainability science and psychology literatures, the paper reconceptualizes vulnerability as co-suffering, linking lived experiences with a shared humanity. | Eriksen, SH | Is my vulnerability so different from yours? A call for compassionate climate change research | Progress In Human Geography | https://doi.org/10.1177/03091325221083221 |
This paper presents a participatory approach to investigate vulnerability and adaptive capacity to climate variability and water stress in the Lakhwar watershed in Uttarakhand State, India. Highly water stressed microwatersheds were identified by modelling surface runoff, soil moisture development, lateral runoff, and groundwater recharge. The modelling results were shared with communities in two villages, and timeline exercises were carried out to allow them to trace past developments that have impacted their lives and livelihoods, and stimulate discussion about future changes and possible adaptation interventions. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. | Kelkar, U; Narula, KK; Sharma, VP; Chandna, U | Vulnerability and adaptation to climate variability and water stress in Uttarakhand State, India | Global Environmental Change-Human And Policy Dimensions | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2008.09.003 |
This paper describes the integration of social-ecological science with traditional knowledge to address global-change challenges faced by indigenous communities in rural Alaska. The Community Partnership for Self-Reliance is a novel boundary organization that uses community visions for self-reliance, based on local and traditional knowledge, to link bottom-up with top-down adaptation planning. We suggest that similar boundary strategies can improve the communication of adaptation needs and opportunities across scales, empowering local communities to select adaptation choices that fit their own goals. This would facilitate regional experimentation and diffusion of innovative solutions to address rapid and heterogeneous environmental and | Chapin, FS; Knapp, CN; Brinkman, TJ; Bronen, R; Cochran, P | Community-empowered adaptation for self-reliance | Current Opinion In Environmental Sustainability | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2015.12.008 |
The paper presents an investigation of agroecosystem dynamics with an application to wheat yield data in England over the period 1885-2012. The analysis relies on a Threshold Quantile Autoregressive model. The model allows for lag effects to vary across quantiles of the distribution as well as with the values taken by the lagged variables. The analysis documents the dynamics and persistence of yield adjustments to shocks. The estimates indicate the presence of dynamic instability in the lower quantile of the distribution. The analysis shows that, after controlling for the role of technological trend, wheat yield exhibits resilience to adverse weather shocks. | Chavas, JP; Di Falco, S | Resilience, Weather and Dynamic Adjustments in Agroecosystems: The Case of Wheat Yield in England | Environmental & Resource Economics | https://doi.org/10.1007/s10640-015-9987-9 |
There is increasing emphasis from funding agencies on transdisciplinary approaches to integrate science and end-users. However, transdisciplinary research can be laborious and costly and knowledge of effective collaborative processes in these endeavors is incomplete. More guidance grounded in actual project experiences is needed. Thus, this article describes and examines the collaborative process of the Ecological Effects of Sea Level Rise in the Northern Gulf of Mexico transdisciplinary research project, including its development, implementation, and evaluation. Reflections, considerations, and lessons learned from firsthand experience are shared, supported with examples, and connected to relevant scholarly literature. | DeLorme, DE; Kidwell, D; Hagen, SC; Stephens, SH | Developing and managing transdisciplinary and transformative research on the coastal dynamics of sea level rise: Experiences and lessons learned | Earths Future | https://doi.org/10.1002/2015EF000346 |