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فخل اذنها، فضحك وقال" وا سوأتاه من رمية رجل! كل من رأى ينتظره

Hashim said, laughing" "What a bad shot from a man who is being watched by everyone who sees him

فأخذ قوسه، فوضع سهما على كبدها، ثم نزع فيها، فرفعت فرسه راسها

He took his bow, put an arrow on the middle of the string, and pulled it, but "at the same time" his mare raised her head and the arrow pierced her ear

وقال هاشم" أول القتال المطاردة ثم المراماة

Hashim said" "The beginning of the battle is individual combat, and then the shooting of arrows

وقد أخذوا مصافهم

The Muslims followed suit, having taken up their positions

حتى إذا خالط القلب، كبر وكبر المسلمون

When he mingled with the center of the army, he proclaimed "God is most great

فأقبل هاشم

Hashim drew near

إنما أتى من اليمن اليرموك فانتدب مع هاشم

He came to al-Yarmuk from the Yemen, responded to Hashim's call "and joined his troops

فعبى أصحابه سبعين سبعين، فلما جاء آخر أصحاب القعقاع خرج هاشم في سبعين معه، فيهم قيس بْن هبيرة بْن عبد يغوثولم يكن من أهل الأيام

Hashim therefore arranged his men in groups of seventy, and as soon as the last of al-Qa‘qae's men had arrived he went forth with seventy men, among whom was Qays b. Hubayrah b. ‘Abd Yaghuth, who had not participated in previous battles

فأخبروه برأي القعقاع وما صنع في يوميه

The Muslims informed him of al-Qa‘qa‘'s tactics and described to him what al-Qa'qa' had done in the past two days

فما جاء آخر أصحاب القعقاع حتى انتهى إليهم هاشم، وقد طلعوا في سبعمائة

The last of al-Qa‘qa's men were closely followed by Hashim (b. TJtbah) with seven hundred men

ومددهم متتابع

The reinforcements were coming one after the other

فتقدم الفرسان وتكتبت الكتائب، فاختلفوا الضرب والطعن

The horsemen ad-vanced; the fighting units went into formation and engaged in battle

فجاءوا من قبل خفان

Al-Qacqac's men came from the direction of Khaffan

وقد كان عاصم بْن عمرو أمر أن يصنع مثلها

Asim b. ‘Amr was ordered todo the same "and to proclaim "God is most great

وطلعت نواصيها كبر وكبر الناس، وقالوا" جاء المدد

When their manes appeared, he proclaimed "God is most great!" and the Muslims followed suit and said" "Reinforcements have arrived

فلما ذر قرن الشمس والقعقاع يلاحظ الخيل

When the sun rose, al-Qa‘qa‘ was looking out for the horsemen

وكان مكانهم مما صنع اللَّه للمسلمين مكيدة فتحها ليشد بها أعضاد المسلمين

The place where the Persians were was determined by God as a ruse for the sake of the Muslims in order thereby to strengthen them

وقتلى المشركين بين الصفين قد أضيعوا، وكانوا لا يعرضون لأمواتهم

The dead of the polytheists lay between the lines, having been neglected, since the Persians had not been attending to their dead

ففعلوا، ولا يشعر بذلك أحد، وأصبح الناس على مواقفهم قد أحرزوا قتلاهم، وخلوا بينهم وبين حاجب بْن زيد

They acted accordingly and nobody noticed it. In the morning the Muslims were in their positions, having taken care of their dead and delivered them to al-Hajib b. Zayd

فإن جاء هاشم فذاك وإلا جددتم للناس رجاء وجدا

Should Hashim come, then all is well; if not, you will revive the hope and determination of the Muslims

كلما توارى عنكم مائة فليتبعها مائة

When one group of one hundred moves out of sight, let another group follow it

ثم قال" إذا طلعت لكم الشمس، فأقبلوا مائة مائة

Then he said" "When tire sun rises, come in groups of one hundred each

وبات القعقاع ليلته كلها يسرب أصحابه إلى المكان الذي فارقهم فيه من الأمس

Al-Qa‘qa‘ spent the whole night dispatching his companions to the place from where he parted from them on the previous evening

كَتَبَ إلي السري، عن شعيب، عن سيف، عن مُحَمَّد وطلحة وزياد، قالوا

According to al-Sari—Shu'ayb—Sayf—Muhammad, Talhah, and Ziyad

أيا نخلة دون العذيب بتلعة ... سقيت الغوادي المدجنات من النخل

O palm tree on a hill near al-‘Udhayb, may morning clouds and rainy days provide you with ample water

وقال عوف بْن مالك التميمي ويقال التيمي تيم الرباب

‘Awf b. Malik al-Tamlmi (or al-Taymi, of Taym al-Ribab), recited

أيا نخلة الركبان لا زلت فانضري ... ولا زال في أكناف جرعائك النخل

O riders' palm tree, may you always be fresh and green! May palm trees always grow around your hill

وقال الأعور بْن قطبة

Al-A‘war b. Qutbah recited

أيا نخلة الجرعاء يا جرعة العدى ... سقتك الغوادي والغيوث الهواطل

O palm tree on a sand hill, oh hill of gravestones! May the morning clouds and abundant rain provide you with water

ورجل من بني تيم اللَّه، يقال له" ربعي يقول

A man from Banu Taym Allah, called Ribi recited

ألا يا اسلمي يا نخلة بين جرعة ... يجاورك الجمان دونك والرغل

O palm tree on a sand hill, be safe and well! You are surrounded by plants of jumman and rughl

ورجل من بني ضبة، أو من بني ثور يدعى غيلان، يقول

Another man, whose name was Ghaylan and who belonged to Banu Pabbah or to Banu Thawr, recited

ألا يا اسلمي يا نخلة بين قادس ... وبين العذيب لا يجاورك النخل

O solitary palm tree between Qadis and al-cUdhayb, be safe and well

ورجل من الجرحى يدعى بجيرا، يقول وهو مستظل بظلها

Another wounded man, whose name was Bujayr, sheltered in its shade and recited

وأحدهم يعقل سألهم أن يقفوا به تحتها يستروح إلى ظلها

One of them, who was in the state of consciousness, asked to be allowed to stop under it and rest in its shade

فكان الرثيث إذا حملوا فانتهي بهم إليها

When the wounded were being carried away, they reached this tree

فمر حاجب وبعض أهل الشهادة وولاة الشهداء في أصل نخلة بين القادسية والعذيب، وليس بينهما يومئذ نخله غيرها

Hajib, some of the martyrs, and the martyrs' kinsmen passed near the trunk of a palm tree between al-Qadisiyyah and al-Udhayb, there being at that time no other palm tree between these two places

فدفن الفان وخمسمائة من أهل القادسية وأهل الأيام

Two thousand and five hundred of those who fought at al-Qadisiyyah and in the previous battles were buried

وكان النساء والصبيان يحفرون القبور في اليومين" يوم أغواث، ويوم أرماث، بعدوتي مشرق

For two days, on the Day of Aghwath and the Day of Armath, the women and the children were digging graves on both sides of the Musharriq valley

وحاجب بْن زيد على الشهداء

Hajib b. Zayd was responsible for the care of the martyrs

وأقبل الذين يجمعون القتلى يحملونهم إلى المقابر، ويبلغون الرثيث إلى النساء

Those who collected the bodies carried them to the graveyards and delivered the wounded to the women

وأقبل المسلمون على قتلاهم فأحرزوهم، فجعلوهم من وراء ظهورهم

The Muslims approached the fallen, took care of them, and placed them in the rear

وقال سعد" من شاء غسل الشهداء، ومن شاء فليدفنهم بدمائهم

Sa'd said" "He who wishes will wash the martyrs, and he who wishes will bury them in their blood

وقد قتل من المسلمين ألفان من رثيث وميت، ومن المشركين عشرة آلاف من رثيث وميت

Muslim casualties were two thousand wounded and dead, and the casualties of the polytheists were ten thousand wounded and dead

يعني الحرة ميل في عرض ما بين الصفين

The area between the two battle lines was one mile in width

وأصبحت الأعاجم على مواقفهم، وأصبح ما بين الناس كالرجلة الحمراء

The area between the two armies — meaning the stony tract (hanah) — was like a reddish watercourse (rijlah hamra

فأصبحوا من اليوم الثالث، وهم على مواقفهم

On the morning of the third day, the Muslims and the Persians were in their positions

كَتَبَ إِلَيَّ السَّرِيُّ بن يحيى، عن شعيب، عن سيف، عن مُحَمَّد وطلحة وزياد بإسنادهم، وابن مخراق عن رجل من طيئ، قالوا

According to al-Sari b. Yahya—Shu'ayb—Sayf—Muhammad, Talhah, and Ziyad; and Ibn Mikhraq — a man from Tayyi

يوم عماس

The Day of Hmas

قال" لا جرم، والله لا أجيب لساني إلى صفة قبيح أبدا

Abu Mihjan said" "By God, I must never respond to my tongue's desire to describe abomiable things

فدعا به فأطلقه، وقال" اذهب فما أنا مؤاخذك بشيء تقوله حتى تفعله

Sa‘d summoned him, released him, and said" "You are free to go; I shall not punish you for anything you say unless you actually do it

حتى إذا أصبحت أتته وصالحته وأخبرته خبرها وخبر أبي محجن

When she woke up, she came to him, made up with him, and informed him of what had passed between herself and Abu Mihjan

ولم تزل سلمى مغاضبة لسعد عشية أرماث، وليلة الهدأة، وليلة السواد

Salma was angry with Sa‘d on the Night of Armath, on the Night of Tranquillity, and on the Night of Blackness

إذا مت فادفني إلى أصل كرمة ... تروي عظامي بعد موتي عروقها ولا تدفنني بالفلاة فإنني ... أخاف إذا ما مت ألا أذوقها وتروي بخمر الحص لحدي فإنني ... أسير لها من بعد ما قد أسوقها

When I die, bury me at the foot of a grapevine, so that its roots will moisten my bones after death. And do not bury me in the desert, for I fear that I shall not taste "the juice of" the grapevine after I die. It will moisten my grave with the wine of al-Huss, because I became its captive, after I tried to drive it away

قلت

I recited

وأنا امرؤ شاعر يدب الشعر على لساني، يبعثه على شفتي أحيانا، فيساء لذلك ثنائي، ولذلك حبسني

Because I am a poet, poetry creeps to my tongue, which sometimes sends it to my lips, and my reputation is damaged because of this; this is why he has put me in prison

ولكني كنت صاحب شراب في الجاهلية

But I was drinking in the Jahiliyyah

قال" أما والله ما حبسني بحرام أكلته ولا شربته

He said" "By God, he did not imprison me because of a forbidden thing that I ate or drank

فقالت له سلمى" يا أبا محجن، في أي شيء حبسك هذا الرجل

Salma said to him" "O Abu Mihjan, for what reason did this man imprison you

لقد علمت ثقيف غير فخر ... بأنا نحن أكرمهم سيوفا وأكثرهم دروعا سابغات ... وأصبرهم إذا كرهوا الوقوفا وأنا وفدهم في كل يوم ... فإن عميوا فسل بهم عريفا وليلة قادس لم يشعروا بي ... ولم أشعر بمخرجي الزحوفا فإن أحبس فذلكم بلائي ... وإن أترك أذيقهم الحتوفا

The tribe of Thaqif know—and this is not boasting— that we have the most noble swords among them. We have the fullest armor, and we hold our own firmly when they are not willing to stand up. Every day we act on their behalf; if they are (too) blind to "see it", ask a man knowledgeable about them. On the night of Qadis they were not aware of me, and I did not let the troops notice my departure. If I am imprisoned, it is my affliction,if I am released, I shall make "the enemy" taste death

وأقبل أبو محجن حتى دخل من حيث خرج، ووضع عن نفسه وعن دابته، وأعاد رجليه في قيديه، وقال

Abu Mihjan approached "the castle", entered it at the same place where he had gone out, put down "his weapon" and "the saddle" of the horse, placed his feet in the fetters, and recited

فلما انتصف الليل حاجز أهل فارس، وتراجع المسلمون

At midnight the Persians and the Muslims disengaged from each other and retreated

ولا يذكره الناس ولا يأبهون له، لأنه بات في محبسه

The Muslims did not remember Abu Mihjan, nor did they take notice of him, because he was in prison

وقال بعضهم" لولا أن الملائكة لا تباشر القتال لقلنا" ملك يثبتنا

Others said" "Had it not been that angels do not participate in fighting, we would think an angel was supporting us

وقال بعض الناس" إن كان الخضر يشهد الحروب فنظن صاحب البلقاء الخضر

Some people said" "If alKhaijir were participating in the wars, we would think that the rider of al-Balqa’ is al-Khadir

وجعل سعد يقول وهو مشرف على الناس مكب من فوق القصر" والله لولا محبس أبي محجن لقلت" هذا أبو محجن وهذه البلقاء

Observing the Muslim troops while lying on the roof of the castle, Sa'd said" "By God, if Abu Mihjan were not in prison, I would say that this is Abu Mihjan and the horse is al-Balqa

فقال بعضهم" أوائل أصحاب هاشم أو هاشم نفسه

Some of them said" "These are the "first" companions of Hashim (b. 'Utbahj or Hashim himself

وهم لا يعرفونه ولم يروه من النهار

They admired Abu Mihjan, although they did not recognize him and had not seen him during daytime

وتعجب الناس منه

On that night, the Muslim felt deep anguish

ثم رجع من خلف المسلمين إلى القلب فندر أمام الناس، فحمل على القوم يلعب بين الصفين برمحه وسلاحه، وكان يقصف الناس ليلتئذ قصفا منكرا

Then he "again" returned behind the Muslim lines, moved to the center, came out in front of the Muslims, and attacked the Persians, swinging his lance and weapon between the two lines

ثم رجع من خلف المسلمين إلى الميسرة فكبر وحمل على ميمنة القوم يلعب بين الصفين برمحه وسلاحه

Abu Mihjan then returned behind the Muslim lines, moved to the left wing, proclaimed "God is most great!" and attacked the right wing of the Persians, swinging his lance and weapon between the battle lines

وقال سعيد والقاسم" عريا

Sa'ld and al-Qasim said that he rode it without a saddle

فقالوا" بسرجها

"The transmitters of this tradition" have said that he rode the horse saddled

حتى إذا كان بحيال الميمنة كبر، ثم حمل على ميسرة القوم يلعب برمحه وسلاحه بين الصفين

When he was opposite the right wing "of the Muslims", he proclaimed "God is most great!" and attacked the left wing of the Persians, swinging his lance and weapon between the two battle lines

فاقتادها فأخرجها من باب القصر الذي يلي الخندق فركبها، ثم دب عليها

"Nevertheless," Abu Mihjan led the horse out through the palace gate, which was adjacent to the moat, mounted it, and moved slowly "toward the enemy

فأطلقته وقالت" أما الفرس فلا أعيرها، ورجعت إلى بيتها

So she set him free and said" "As for the horse however, I shall not lend it," and she returned to her house

فقالت سلمى" إني استخرت اللَّه ورضيت بعهدك

Salma said" "I have asked God for guidance, and I am satisfied with your oath

كفى حزنا أن تردي الخيل بالقنا ... وأترك مشدودا علي وثاقيا إذا قمت عناني الحديد وأغلقت ... مصاريع دوني قد تصم المناديا وقد كنت ذا مال كثير وإخوة ... فقد تركوني واحدا لا اخاليا ولله عهد لا أخيس بعهده ... لئن فرجت ألا أزور الحوانيا

It is grievous enough that the horsemen gallop with the spears, while I am left tied up, with my fetters on. When I stand up, the iron hurts and the doors are closed behind me, making the voice of the caller inaudible. In the past I was a man of much wealth, and I had brothers; now they have left me alone, having no brother. By God, I took an oath, which I shall not break" If "the door" is opened, I shall not visit the wine sellers' shops

فرجع يرسف في قيوده، ويقول

Abu Mihjan started again to drag his feet in the fetters, and recited

فقالت" وما انا وذاك

She said" "What have I to do with this

فلله علي إن سلمني اللَّه أن أرجع إليك حتى أضع رجلي في قيدي

By God, if He keeps me safe, I shall come back to you and put my feet back in the fetters

قال" تخلين عني وتعيرينني البلقاء

He said" "Set me free and lend me al-Balqa

قالت" وما ذاك

She said" "And what is that

هل لك إلى خير

Will you do me a favor

فأتى سلمى بنت خصفة، فقال" يا سلمى يا بنت آل خصفة

Abu Mihjan came to Salma bint Khasafah and said" "O Salma, O daughter of the clan of Khasafah

فصعد حين أمسى إلى سعد يستعفيه ويستقيله، فزبره ورده، فنزل

In the evening he went up to Sa'd and asked his forgiveness, but Sa'd repelled him and sent him back

وكان أبو محجن قد حبس وقيد، فهو في القصر

Abu Mifijan was imprisoned and fettered in the palace

فقالوا" ولما اشتد القتال بالسواد

They related" The battle intensified during that night

فان سمعتهم ينتمون فايقظنى، فان انتماءهم عن السوء

If you hear the Persians proclaiming their affiliations, wake me up, because their proclamation portends evil

وإن سكتوا ولم ينتم الآخرون فلا توقظني، فإنهم على السواء

If they are quiet and the Persians do not proclaim their affiliations, do not wake me, because "this means that" they are equal

وقال لبعض من عنده" إن تم الناس على الانتماء فلا توقظني، فإنهم أقوياء على عدوهم

He said to one of his companions" "If the Muslims persist in proclaiming their tribal affiliations, do not wake me up, because "thismeans that) they are stronger than their enemy

فلما أمسى سعد وسمع ذلك نام

When Sa'd heard this in the evening, he went to sleep

ولم يزل المسلمون ينتمون لدن أمسوا حتى تفايئوا

The Muslims kept on proclaiming their tribal affiliations throughout the evening, until they retired

فلما ذهب السواد بات الناس على مثل ما بات عليه القوم ليلة أرماث

When the first part of the night passed, the Muslims spent the "rest of the" night in the same way as the Persians spent the Night of Armath

فلولا أن خيلهم كرت أخذ رستم أخذا

If their horsemen had not launched an attack, Rustam would have been taken prisoner

وجالت فيه خيل القلب، وثبت رجلهم

The central part of the Persian horsemen wheeled around, but their infantrymen stood firm

ثم لم يزل المسلمون يرون في يوم أغواث في القادسية الظفر، وقتلوا فيه عامة أعلامهم

On the Day of Aghwath the Muslims were witnessing victory in al-Qadisiyyah, and they killed the Persian notables

والنصف الأول يدعى السواد

The first part "of the night" was also called "blackness

فكانت ليلة أرماث تدعى الهدأة، وليلة أغواث تدعى السواد

The Night of Armath was called "tranquillity" (al-hacfah), and the Night of Aghwath was called "blackness" (sawad

فلما عدل النهار تزاحف الناس، فاقتتلوا بها صتيتا حتى انتصف الليل

Toward the end of the day the "rest of" the troops marched toward each other and fought tumultuously till midnight