answers
listlengths 5
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| question
dict | example_id
stringlengths 3
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| summaries
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[
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "We found him in one of the structures around the Pipeline in the Arid Nexus; I'll try and find the location's name tonight.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
1
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "He was in a random Hyperion ammo/cash chest on top of the building.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "It appears he spawns randomly; I found him in a coop game once, then searching the area again solo",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "I failed to find him.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Sidenote, in coop he only counts for the single player that deal the killing blow.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Share with your buddies or farm him solo; if you seriously want to max out the challenge it'll take a long time.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "I've also found him in one of the Loot Midget boxes in the Wildlife Exploitation Preserve (there's 4 of them near the place where you first try to find bloodwing, with the shielded pens).",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
1
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "I think he might spawn anywhere a Hyperion Loot Midget (LWT Loader, Loot Gun Loader Midget, Loot Jet Loader Midget) can spawn.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
1
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/11920/Ben Brocka",
"score": 4
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "If you have a character that is doing the \" Wildlife Preservation \" and the \" Doctor's Orders \" missions you will always have something jump out of the boxes near bloodwings first holding cell.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Eventually Jimmy Jenkins will bo one of those loot midgets.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "There is no where else where you can have loot midgets every time so this place works the best.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "When I finally killed Jimmy he jumped out of the first and fouth boxes so I was able to kill him twice in this room.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Having the above mentioned missions active is required.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/36803/Logan",
"score": 4
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "According to random message boards on the internet, he is located at or around Crater Lake.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
1
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/33279/Jake",
"score": 1
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "I just found him in a cardboard box in T.K.'s house.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
1
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "Made me want my own little Jimmy Jenkins to hide in boxes.....",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/33645/Cody",
"score": 1
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "He has a chance of spawning where \"trap boxes\" are.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
1
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "So wherever you come across a loot midget or anything that come out of something: REMEMBER IT!",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Eventually Jimmy might come out.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Anything after the wildlife reservation has the best chances!",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/33675/Nick",
"score": 1
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "Jimmy Jenkins is a named variant of the \"Wee Loot Loader\" that can spawn randomly from Hyperion ammo crates.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
1
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "As part of the Challenge Accepted achievement/trophy, you'll have to kill him at least once.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "There is a \"glitch\" of sorts that involves having the Doctor's Orders quest and opening the crates in one particular room of the Wildlife Exploitation Preserve.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "There is a high chance of getting a Loot Midget/Loader from these crates.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "If you have the Creature Slaughter Dome DLC, you can spawn from the Dome's exit and repeatedly enter the game, open the boxes, and quit in order to farm him fast.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Gearbox patched this at one point and it stopped working, although I believe they reverted the patch.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "It's a cheap way to farm loot loaders in Ultimate Vault Hunter Mode, which have a chance to drop very high level items, so it may get patched again in the future.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "If the \"glitch\" has been patched, you don't have this quest anymore (or it would be a pain to get it) and/or",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "you don't have the DLC, you'll need to find a high concentration of Hyperion ammo crates to farm him from.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
1
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "I used the part of Thousand Cuts close to the exit to the Bunker.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "I've got a map detailing my route plus some helpful tips over here if that's of interest.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "One note",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "I'll mention directly here",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "is that there appears to be a very low chance (possibly none?) of spawning a loot midget/loader from a crate if there are enemies around, so you'll want to clear an area before you go box-crazy.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/13845/agent86",
"score": 1
}
}
] | {
"question": "There is a strange challenge (\"JEEEEENKINSSSSSS!!!\" under \"Miscellaneous\") that involves killing Jimmy Jenkins. Where is he?",
"title": "Where is Jimmy Jenkins?",
"forum": "gaming.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<borderlands-2>",
"link": "gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/84851",
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/21177/Wolf"
} | 16_19 | [
[
"He has been found around the Pipeline in the Arid Nexus, in the Loot Midget boxes in the Wildlife Exploitation Preserve and near a Hyperion Loot Midget.",
"The most common suggestion, regarding Jimmy Jenkins location, is Midget boxes."
]
] | {
"rel_sent_not_in_cluster": [
false
],
"cluster_sents_not_matched": [
[]
]
} | [
2
] | [
[
"The community lists few locations that Jimmy Jenkins can be found."
]
] |
[
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "Endermen can teleport through any type of block if there is ample space on the other side.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "What you could do is cover the ground outside with blocks they can not teleport on top of .",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "As far as my understanding goes, the only blocks they can't teleport to are water lava and transparent blocks.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "( Source ).",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Alternativly place cobweb on its legs which will completely disable it",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "plus you can do the same with other mobs.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Always remember to name them to stop them despawning.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/17870/Hex",
"score": 13
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "Endermen can only pick up the following blocks source Grass Block Dirt Mycelium Sand Gravel Clay Dandelion Rose Brown Mushroom Red Mushroom Cactus Pumpkin Melon TNT As long as you make zoo out of something else (like cobblestone, fences, wood etc...)",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "the Endermen should not be able to break your zoo.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Note",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "however the Endermen have the ability to teleport",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "- this is probably why they are escaping.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "To my knowledge the Endermen will teleport to any available space, regardless of what blocks are between those two points.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
1
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "The only way I can think of to prevent the Endermen from teleporting would be to invalidate all of the potential teleport destinations within teleport range of the zoo, for example by getting rid of any 3-high spaces (Endermen are 3 blocks high and so can only teleport into 3 block high spaces)",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Also the Endermen can despawn , and so could also \"escape\" that way.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/2862/Justin",
"score": 2
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "You can just put a sign in the cage, that says \"escaped Enderman on the loose, watch out\".",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Maybe add some humour to the whole thing.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "I can near guarantee, if there is another cage around the Enderman, he will teleport to it.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Enderman are not meant to be contained, be warned!",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/38986/nick",
"score": 2
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "You can make everythinbg BUT the cage that the endermen is in only 2½ blocks tall, by putting slabs on the roof.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Put water on the roof too.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/41824/TheOnlyNiceTroll",
"score": 1
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "Just dig down deep into the ground.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Have ladders on the hole going down.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Endermen have a teleporting range of 32 blocks.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
1
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "Make every part of the tunnle 2 blocks high, for the enderman can't teleport to any place that is less then 3 blocks high (as in tunnel size).",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Make sure the cage is 3 blocks for the enderman to wander around.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "And don't let any other cage exceed the 2 block high opening.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/42067/Thomas I think",
"score": 1
}
}
] | {
"question": "I'm trying to build a mob zoo but the Enderman keeps escaping. Is there any way I can keep it in? Are there blocks they can't teleport through?",
"title": "Are there any blocks Endermen can't teleport through?",
"forum": "gaming.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<minecraft-java-edition>",
"link": "gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/86377",
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/33801/Jesse"
} | 16_21 | [
[
"The Endermen will teleport to any available space within a range of 32 blocks.",
"Endermen can teleport anywhere."
]
] | {
"rel_sent_not_in_cluster": [
false
],
"cluster_sents_not_matched": [
[]
]
} | [
2
] | [
[
"It is stated that Endermen teleportation can't be blocked in a specific range of blocks."
]
] |
[
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "Have a heavy learn 'shredder rocket' and 'heat ammo'...",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
-1
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Hit the sectopod with the shredder rocket, so it takes more damage from hits over the next few turns.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
1
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "Then have the heavy with 'heat ammo', which allows it do double the damage to robots, attack it.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Furthermore, if your heavy has 'bullet storm', then he can fire at the sectopod twice.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/34276/Callum Walker",
"score": 12
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "My strategy was: Snipers.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
1
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "Snipers Everywhere.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Basically I had a max rank sniper with a laser sniper rifle and a mid rank sniper with the regular rifle when I first encountered the sectopod.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "They both have the Squad Sight perk",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "so I basically put one guy up close enough to see it and then threw some smoke on him and had the two snipers shoot the damn thing to death.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "When I actually started fighting it, the sectopod was the only thing in the area (It did have the drones and two elite mutons but I retreated back so I could unload on it when it appeared, I later found out what you mean by nasty AoE)",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "One sniper had Double Tap (The laser one) and I basically just dropped it's health from full to about 1/4 quarter left by having my entire squad focus it while it could only shoot the guy in full cover in smoke.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "This may have been a one off thing though since it was on an overseer crash where there was a high vantage point for the entire area I parked my sniper at.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/26319/Shykin",
"score": 5
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "It seems like not many people think about this: Sniper with disabling shot, disable its weapon.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
1
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "Charge your assault(s) forward and blast it (with rapid fire, if possible).",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Only do this if there are no other enemies around",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Have support kill off any drones that may be lingering.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Heavy do the same if any drones are left, or just hit the sectoid more.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/122737/Babap",
"score": 5
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "A heavy with HEAT ammo works well, especially if cloaked (100% critical hit chance).",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
1
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "I just took one out with one shot with just my regular heavy plasma.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Granted, I think that's the maximum damage (30), so I probably got a bit lucky, but even if it does a bit less than that, another solider should be able to finish it off.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/36420/John",
"score": 3
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "Nobody here mentioned suppression yet, which is IMO very useful when fighting sectopods.",
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"text": "If you can't kill the sectopod within one turn, suppress it with a support or a heavy (better with the support so that the heavy can do some damage); if you can afford it, use two soldiers for suppression.",
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{
"text": "Everyone else fires.",
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{
"text": "Should the sectopod decide to use its AoE attack, retreat.",
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"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/165291/Martin von Wittich",
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},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "Colonel Assault with full Right-side promotions, ghost armor and an alloy cannon.",
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],
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"text": "Cloak, Run & Gun, move next to Sectopod and unleash rapid fire.",
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"text": "Both shots are near 100% hit and 100% critical, with bonuses to crit damage due to Bring 'Em on (leave the drones until afterwards) and Killer Instinct.",
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"text": "This will destroy the beast in 1 move and if you cloaked before spotting it, then it doesn't even know what hit it.",
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"text": "I did exactly this the first time I ever encountered a Sectopod (Classic diff) and wondered what the fuss was about!",
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"text": "I destroyed a drone with my next soldier and hacked the 2nd for a free flying expendable scout.",
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"text": "I realised at that point that I had won the game; nothing can compete with Ghost armor and a Soldier that can kill ANYTHING in 1 move...",
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},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "I spotted one in a mission where I had a Squad of Assaults and Supports.. trying to level them!",
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],
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{
"text": "No heavy along and only one Sniper whom did little but spot the thing.",
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{
"text": "My sniper baby sat it conceals while my assaults and supports moved around it to flank it.. dropped smoke in then have everyone used the smoke to move in and open up on it killing it in a round or 2",
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"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/109735/Calibre",
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}
}
] | {
"question": "I just ran into my first sectopod map today and it utterly destroyed me. From what I can tell, it had a long range aoe attack and a super deadly beam cannon. The little drones hovering around it and repairing doesn't help either. What are its attack patterns and what is the best way to take one out? Does it take multiple turns to charge up an attack? What are its weaknesses?",
"title": "What is the best way to take out a sectopod?",
"forum": "gaming.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<xcom-enemy-unknown>",
"link": "gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/87407",
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/3917/l I"
} | 16_22 | [
[
"Try a sniper with a disabling shot. Have a shredder rocket and heat ammo.",
"While the most common tactic, to beat sectopod, is using heavy unit, other players found usefull to attack with snipers or a combination of light units."
]
] | {
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"Have a heavy learn 'shredder rocket' and 'heat ammo'…"
]
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} | [
2
] | [
[
"The community is proposing few tactics that work."
]
] |
[
{
"sents": [
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"text": "Razor Blades and Sticky Bombs both definitely work.",
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"text": "Alternately, you can just blink up to them and stab them for a one-hit kill if you're unnoticed on the approach, which is extremely satisfying.",
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{
"sents": [
{
"text": "Around the time you run into them you can have Agility 1 and the Stealth boots which basically allows you to sprint up to them, jump to their height and perform an assassination without being heard.",
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"text": "There's no need to jump on any objects first if you are on the same ground as them:",
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"text": "Agility 1 allows you to jump right up to them.",
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{
"text": "Doing this you can Blink to behind their feet instead of mid-air",
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"text": "so there's no drop assassination aiming involved",
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],
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},
{
"text": "and it's possible to kill tallboys in rapid succession with little to no chance of missing.",
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{
"text": "The stealth boots are nice for catching up to them while they're walking since it allows you to sprint silently.",
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"text": "You'll have to find the blueprint for them in the game and they are by far the best upgrade",
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{
"text": "there is if you enjoy kniving.",
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"text": "Beside that, you can possess one and steer it to a place nobody will see you as you come out and jump-assassinate them straight away.",
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{
"text": "When assassinating one of the whale oil tanks seem to produce noise when they shatter against the ground, but this noise isn't heard by enemies.",
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"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/35731/Niss",
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},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "If there's any spare tanks of whale oil around - and there often is one or two, you can always pick it up and throw it at the tallboy.",
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{
"text": "Make sure to at the very least, catch the tallboy's whale oil in the (rather large) blast radius.",
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{
"text": "Not only are you depriving the enemy of a resource, but you're avoiding using your own!",
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"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/35949/thanatos5150",
"score": 7
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},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "If you have Agility",
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"text": "I, you can also jump up on anything nearby and use that as a leg-up to get high enough for an aerial stab (feels more satisfying than blinking, to me at least).",
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"text": "You can do an aerial stab while being basically at the same height as them, too, and it's quite a large (2-3m) radius.",
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{
"text": "Probably one of the coolest things in Dishonored.",
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"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/35528/iono",
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},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "I found that the easiest way without effort and skill, is to possess them and as soon as you unpossess them by pressing the L1 button, immediately do a high jump (assuming you have Agility 1) and assassinate them with the R1 button.",
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"text": "This does not require skillful maneuvers.",
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],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/38520/Cheong",
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}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "An easy way is just to shoot them with Incendiary Bolts .",
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],
"cluster_id": [
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},
{
"text": "Even if not a direct hit on the Tall Boy's whale oil tanks, you are still very likely to make the whale oil tanks explode due to the range of this ammunition's flames.",
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],
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{
"text": "Another alternative are Exploding Bullets , which can kill Tallboys with just a few shots and also makes it easy to make their whale oil tanks explode.",
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"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/4797/galacticninja",
"score": 2
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "If you possess a tallboy, you can walk it into water, where it will die.",
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],
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],
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{
"text": "You can also possess, then de-possess it, placing you directly under it.",
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],
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],
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},
{
"text": "Blink up to the level of the guy and do a one hit kill.",
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1
],
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],
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[
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]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/47472/Corvo",
"score": 2
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "You can use bend time level 2 and bend time right in front of them.next you can just blink to their level and take them out.",
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],
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],
"cluster_id": [
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},
{
"text": "You may want to watch out for the other tall boys around you because if they hear you they will fire at you and can explode the oil tank from the other talboys back.",
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0
],
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],
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}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/41277/Sam",
"score": 0
}
}
] | {
"question": "It seems that aiming at their back, right in the whale oil tanks, is pretty efficient. But it's not always easy to reach one of these 3 weak points, especially when the tallboy is patrolling (walking around). Are there any other effecient ways to kill or trap them ? Maybe with the razor blades or the sticky bombs ?",
"title": "What's the easiest/fastest way to kill a tallboy?",
"forum": "gaming.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<dishonored>",
"link": "gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/89114",
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/15726/Anto"
} | 16_23 | [
[
"Razor Blades and Sticky Bombs work. You can also stab them for a one-hit kill or shoot them with Incendiary Bolts.",
"The most common way to kill a tallboy is to reach their heigh either by blinking or jumping to nearby objects and then assassinate them."
]
] | {
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} | [
2
] | [
[
"The community is listing few ways to deal with tallboys."
]
] |
[
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "No, you can't.",
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],
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},
{
"text": "They're entirely different games.",
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],
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}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/2267/BlaXpirit",
"score": 31
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "To expand a bit on BlaXpirit's answer, the PC version, the Pocket Edition , and the XBox 360 Edition are all separate games, with separate features and in separate states of development.",
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{
"text": "The games are written in different languages for different platforms, and the XBox version is actually developed by a different company than Minecraft is, so it is (unfortunately) very unlikely that these versions will ever be able to join each other in online play.",
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],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/3241/Wikwocket",
"score": 19
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "There are now two different versions of Minecraft on PC The java version, the original one The windows 10 version, which can play along the Pocket Editions on Android and iOS",
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"text": "You cannot join their Java version on PC, but you surely can on the Windows 10 version.",
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"text": "Of course, they need Windows 10 on their PC to install it",
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"text": "It is possible to get the Windows 10 version for free if you have already existing Minecraft accounts, just go on the website in account management",
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"text": "and you should find the option ( There might be some elaborate way to play the java version on your ipad , but this would require so much work",
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{
"text": "it isn't worth it,",
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},
{
"text": "if you do get it working, you will still have the Controls issue (how will you control a game designed to work with keyboard and mouse?))",
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],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/161851/Enfantcool",
"score": 15
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "This is impossible because the different versions of the game are not compatible.",
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},
{
"text": "They use different protocols and have different features.",
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"label_summ": [
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},
{
"text": "Here is a short list of what can play together: Java edition (original):",
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],
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0
],
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},
{
"text": "All 3 major PC platforms: Windows (any), Mac, and Linux.",
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0
],
"label_summ": [
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],
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},
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"text": "Supports the most customization, mods, and has the most content.",
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],
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},
{
"text": "Bedrock edition :",
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},
{
"text": "Android, iOS, Amazon Fire Phone (on these it's called the \"Pocket edition\"), and Windows 10 (on Windows 10 it's called the \"Windows 10 Edition\").",
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"text": "Less content, less mods, if you have Windows 10 the primary advantage of using this version instead is cross-play with mobile.",
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{
"text": "Pi Edition :",
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0
],
"label_summ": [
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],
"cluster_id": [
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},
{
"text": "Only supports the Raspberry Pi's Raspbian OS for ARM.",
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"text": "There are also console versions (PS3/4/Vita, Xbox",
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"text": "360/One, Wii U) which I believe are only playable if you own the same console.",
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{
"text": "Anyway, if you want to play together with your kids you'll need to purchase a PC.",
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{
"text": "Their world is and will only be compatible with the Java version of the game.",
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}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/148999/Aaron Franke",
"score": 7
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "No You cannot do this for several reasons!",
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},
{
"text": "They are entirely different games",
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],
"label_summ": [
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],
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},
{
"text": "They both rely on different programming languages Pocket edition and PC minecraft",
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],
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],
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},
{
"text": "both have different features, which is why this will not work.",
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],
"label_summ": [
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],
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},
{
"text": "PE:",
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],
"label_summ": [
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],
"cluster_id": [
[
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]
]
},
{
"text": "Nether Reactor Core PC: The End PE",
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],
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],
"cluster_id": [
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]
]
},
{
"text": ": Lacks some textures that PC has PE: Minimal or No red stone support",
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],
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"cluster_id": [
[
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},
{
"text": "There are many many more reasons out there, but those are just a few examples!!",
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],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/50615/pattyd",
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},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "It depends if your children are using Minecraft for PC or Minecraft Windows 10 Edition.",
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],
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},
{
"text": "Minecraft for PC and minecraft",
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]
},
{
"text": "Windows 10 Edition is 2 different games.",
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},
{
"text": "With Minecraft Windows 10 Edition you can play with Minecraft PE users via LAN and multiplayer servers.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
1
]
]
},
{
"text": "You can get Minecraft from PC to Windows 10 Edition for free.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Claim",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Windows 10 Edition:",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "https://mojang.com/2015/07/get-minecraft-windows-10-edition-beta-for-free/",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "For more info: https://mojang.com/2015/07/announcing-minecraft-windows-10-edition-beta/",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/127975/Thaun_",
"score": 5
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "Yes .",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "You can now play Pocket edition with PC edition as of pocket edition version",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
1
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]
},
{
"text": "0.12.1",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "This has been true as of September 2015, so this feature has been out for almost a full year as of the day I am typing this.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "The feature requires players to play on the same network, but allows Pocket Edition players to use the many features of PC edition and do things such as going to the nether.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
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-1
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},
{
"text": "This does not work the other way around however.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Also the host PC player must be online in order for the Pocket Edition player to be able to play on that world.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "If the host quits (or their computer shuts off, etc.)",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "then the Pocket Edition player(s) will be forced off of the world, unlike servers.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Hope this helps out.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/145357/Kodarth6804",
"score": 4
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "Speaking of desktop Minecraft, now there are two editions for desktop:",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Which mostly everyone knows, the PC version.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Windows 10 Minecraft version.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "If you wanted to link up the PC version, you can't.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "I will describe the solution below at last.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "However if you have Windows 10 Minecraft running as server then you can join your MCPE to that specific world.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Now, unfortunately if you had PC version, consider switching to Windows 10 edition.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "There are few world converters available, so try to convert PC world to PE world and play it from windows 10 edition.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "( Here is one converter but it is old. )",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "The problem is: it can't be said that these converters will work with latest versions of minecraft, because Minecraft gets constantly updated.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "If this method fails then you will have to start a new world.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/90465/Fennekin",
"score": 2
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "It depends if they're using Minecraft PC or Minecraft Windows 10 Edition.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
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],
"cluster_id": [
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]
},
{
"text": "If they're using Minecraft PC, no, I'm afraid it won't work.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
1
]
]
},
{
"text": "With Minecraft Windows 10 Edition, people using Minecraft PE will be able to join using LAN or servers.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
1
]
]
},
{
"text": "This link can be used to upgrade Minecraft PC into Minecraft Windows 10 Edition: https://mojang.com/2015/07/get-minecraft-windows-10-edition-beta-for-free/",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
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}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/141187/aaay",
"score": 1
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "THIS IS NOT POSSIBLE...",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "Yet.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "According to the official Minecraft wiki, cross-platform compatibility will be added in PC/MAC edition 1.14!",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "This update is scheduled for late 2017 Woo!",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/158727/Chemical Comrade",
"score": 0
}
}
] | {
"question": "My kids are playing Minecraft on 2 PCs, creative mode. They are connected by the way of one of them starts a single player game on the other one than joins that game over the LAN. Can I, using Minecraft PE on my iPad, join their game as well?",
"title": "Can Minecraft Pocket Edition play with a desktop Minecraft?",
"forum": "gaming.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<minecraft-java-edition><minecraft-bedrock-edition>",
"link": "gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/90308",
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/12476/Karlth"
} | 16_24 | [
[
"The different versions of the game are not compatible.",
"It is possible to play with two different versions of Minecraft, but there are some restrictions."
]
] | {
"rel_sent_not_in_cluster": [
false
],
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]
} | [
2
] | [
[
"People being negative about the possibility of playing with different versions of Minecraft",
"The community suggests that there are some specifications in order for two different Minecraft versions to connect."
]
] |
[
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "Try using the gravity belt and the turbo booster.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
1
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "With the gravity belt equipped its safest to fly about 3/4ths up the screen.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "The gravity belt helps with your reaction time: you'll be able to drop below high zappers pretty quickly.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Then get back up to the 3/4ths level as soon as you are able.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "At that height you can jetpack above any mid-level zappers.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "The turbo booster is useful because you're invulernable every time you hit a boost.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Alternately you could try using the de-zapinator, but I didn't find it too helpful since it is unreliable.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
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},
{
"text": "It really just comes down to having split-second reaction times.",
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0
],
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],
"cluster_id": [
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-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/36756/Wallace Brown",
"score": 6
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "I use the Lucky Last, Freeze-o-matic, Final Blast and a Revive.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
1
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "Definitely keep 3/4th of the way up and try to collect tokens.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "I didn't use the final blast until I reached at least 4500.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "After using the blast I use a revive.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "The Lucky Last is so you have a better chance of getting a free revive or blast.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Freeze-o-matic is there to get you some extra distance when you die.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
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],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "It took me a bit but it worked.",
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0
],
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],
"cluster_id": [
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-1
]
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}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/37476/redndahead",
"score": 4
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "The turbo boost is nice but unreliable, I recommend the Gravity Belt and the Air Barrys.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
1
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "Remember that frustrating moment where you couldn't possibly have risen high enough to dodge that Zapper?",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Air Barrys make your initial jump almost instant and give you very high mobility up and down.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "You can't always stay in the middle of the screen and I find the Air Barrys more consistently help compared to the Turbo Boost.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
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-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "In addition, if you have the coins, a well timed Revive (heart) or bomb can be just what you need to get a few hundred more meters.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Save them up",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "(I always had a few because I was required to buy them for challenges) until you have a good opportunity.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
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],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
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}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/11920/Ben Brocka",
"score": 3
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "Yes, the Turbo Boost and Gravity belt worked for me.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
1
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "Staying 3/4ths up on the screen is the best spot as Wallace said.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "It is additionally helpful because the vehicle tokens generally spawn around there and any vehicle will give you an extra hit before death.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "The vehicles have a bonus of slowing you down, with the exception of the hog.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "In addition to turbo boost/gravity belt, I also had the big blast and second chance utilities.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "If you get hit, use the big blast",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
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],
"cluster_id": [
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},
{
"text": "and then when that is coming to an end, use the second chance.",
"label": [
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}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/37153/B. Groves",
"score": 1
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "Obviously collecting lots of tokens on your way helps",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "but i found the best way was to buy a pack of super head starts and a quick revive.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "I used ezy-dodge missiles and freeze-o-matic to make for a safer run and an extended finish.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Try to stay in vehicles for as long as possible too!",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/73927/user73927",
"score": 1
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "just like they said, 3/4 of the screen is crucial.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Once I got to 4,498 (my current high-score) with Lucky-last and Gift-token.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "By the time you get to the 4,000's, it's practically luck, so with a bomb or a double-life, you should be able to top my high by two meters (",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/48256/Goodwin Lu",
"score": 0
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "Try equipping Free Ride and Turbo Boost.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "If you're good with the vehicles, you should get a good start.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "I did that once and got a score of 8,030m.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/80351/OscarFJ912",
"score": 0
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "Air Barry - To quickly get you up...",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Gravity Belt - To quickly get you down...",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Try and maintain Barry at 3/4th level.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Also focus only on collecting Tokens as they will provide Quick revives and Blasts!!Do not focus on collecting coins, they will often land you into troubles!!",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "I read this article, used this combo and completed the achievement in the first time!!",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/91896/Vaibhav",
"score": 0
}
}
] | {
"question": "What are some strategies for completing the Romeo, Alpha, Delta (Fly over 5KM) achievement in Jetpack Joyride? Looking for specific gadget combinations, utilities used, jetpacks and/or attire equipped (if they make a difference), and general strategy.",
"title": "Strategy for achieving Romeo, Alpha, Delta (Fly over 5KM)?",
"forum": "gaming.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<jetpack-joyride>",
"link": "gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/93109",
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/26796/Joe Masilotti"
} | 16_27 | [
[
"Try using; the gravity belt, the turbo booster, Lucky Last, Freeze-o-matic, Final Blast and Air Barrys.",
"While there are few items that can be used to help in order to achieve flying over 5km, the turbo booster seems to be the most common one used."
]
] | {
"rel_sent_not_in_cluster": [
false
],
"cluster_sents_not_matched": [
[]
]
} | [
2
] | [
[
"Users suggesting power ups that can be used."
]
] |
[
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "Open your friends list and change your status to Offline, and that should be what you need.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
1
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "You can't do it for specific friends, but if you're just trying to play solo that will do the trick.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/11047/Decency",
"score": 88
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "Click \"add non-steam game\" then add something like notepad.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "You can then rename it whatever you want to make it less suspicious.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Run it from steam and it will show you as in a non-steam game called whatever you decide to name it.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Then run the game you actually want to play and your status will remain in the non-steam \"game\" you launched first.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/46806/NightCrest",
"score": 43
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "Edit :",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "As of 2018-04-10 there is a built-in setting to hide your currently played game in Profile >",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "Edit Profile >",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "My Privacy Settings > Game details .",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Set this to Private, but take note of the other profile items affected by this setting.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Since it would hide so much of your profile, this old answer may still be useful:",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "You can maintain a \"blue\" online status while playing a Steam game.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "This method requires multiple instances of Steam.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "For example, sign into the same Steam account on 2 different machines.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Set your status to Offline in the instance you'll play your game from, and set the other instance's status to whatever you want your friends to see.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/154598/Skull Kid",
"score": 24
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "Steam → Settings → uncheck Automatically sign into Friends when I start Steam It actually should keep the Steam trolls from harassing you.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/83380/user83380",
"score": 21
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "Yes, it is possible.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "All you have to do is to block them:",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "You might want to look at this question too to be clearer, but basically it makes you appear as \"offline\" to that person only.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "However, like that post says, be careful because they can still see your real status if they go to your profile, whether they're logged in or not.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "If you're concerned about it, one counter is to set your profile as private to everyone, or just do like other answers say and set your status to Offline.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/118/Ullallulloo",
"score": 11
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "Since a recent update, you can now set it so that only your friends, or no-one can see what you're playing.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "Go to the Steam community settings page here, it can be found at that link or as this answer states, on Steam go to Profile >",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Edit Profile >",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "My Privacy Settings > Game details At Game Details",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "you can choose between public, friends only or private.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "This category includes the list of all games on your Steam account, games you’ve wishlisted, your achievements and your playtime.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "This setting also controls whether you’re seen as \"in-game\" and the title of the game you are playing.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/97591/Reaces",
"score": 9
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "To play online without anyone seeing (I know even people who are your friends can get annoying with requests when you just want to play alone), right click your profile pic in steam when you're not in game and set it to offline.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
1
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "You can still play online but it wont show that little notification to your friends.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "I use it all the time",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/86400/SteamNinja",
"score": 2
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "You can set your status to offline after you join the game with someone.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "So there will be a minute or so window where they will be able to see what you are doing so not really a perfect solution.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/41577/Severious",
"score": 1
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "I have the solution after needing to be hidden as well.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "At the top of your steam window should be several options, steam view friends games help.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Click on the friends option and a drop-down menu should appear.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "From there you can click on whatever status you would like.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "This allows you to be \"offline\" while still being able to play and you don't have to block anyone.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/56476/Krystawista",
"score": 1
}
}
] | {
"question": "Is there any way to prevent others from seeing your Steam status without removing them as a friend? Let's say I want to play Borderlands 2 without letting some friends know. Is there any way to hide my status to prevent them from knowing I'm playing it? Basically, what I'm asking if Steam has an \"Appear Offline\" option.",
"title": "Is there any way to hide your Steam status from others?",
"forum": "gaming.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<steam>",
"link": "gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/94211",
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/18916/korrasaur"
} | 16_28 | [
[
"You can change your status to Offline so no one can see you're playing.",
"There are plenty of client options to follow, in order to hide your status in Steam."
]
] | {
"rel_sent_not_in_cluster": [
false
],
"cluster_sents_not_matched": [
[]
]
} | [
2
] | [
[
"The community suggests few options regarding hidding your status in Steam."
]
] |
[
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "If it is only a couple of resonators, it is actually ok, landmarks are very often the walls of big buildings like churches, so there is always a chance a couple of resonators will land inside it and will be only partially accessible.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "You can always blow it up with high level xmp, unfortunately high level players are well aware of this exploit and try to place their strongest resonators at the blocked side of a portal.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
1
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "If you on the other hand cannot access a portal itself, report it to ingress and suggest coordinate adjustment. https://support.google.com/ingress",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/11420/BanditoBunny",
"score": 15
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "Yes , get as close as you can.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "If you want to get tricky turn off your wifi, you will now determine your position solely by satelites, this can vary depending on if it's raining, if you're under a tree, or if you're next to a wall.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
1
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "E.G.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "you might want to go into a city block, but be up against the wall not able to get to that resonator;",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "try crossing the street and get up against the other wall, you might accidentally mirror off the wall a little, ending up closer than you could get before.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/13937/dlamblin",
"score": 7
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "For now, yes.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "But you have the option of reporting the portal as not being publicly accessible on the website.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/38213/aliencam",
"score": 5
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "This happens way too frequently for Google to adjust coordinates for every instance of this.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "You are going to have to accept that tactical placement of resonators can make it difficult to attack.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "The problem swings both ways.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "There is no reason for google to address it.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Take note of the placement, because when you do get it down you are going to want to place it in the exact same place!",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Try moving to windows within the building.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
1
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "You may not be able to get right on top of it",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "but you may get closer.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/44611/Dan Daughtry",
"score": 1
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "You don't need to stand exactly on the top of a resonator.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "You may stand 8-10 meters from the resonator for L1-L3 xmps and still hit it with full effect.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "The xmp effect is decreased in steps of the distance.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "For a full detailed explanation see the Google+ group here:",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Decode Ingress (Help/Game)",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/47813/Jan Rou",
"score": 1
}
}
] | {
"question": "I was trying to attack a portal today, but I couldn't destroy the last few resonators because on the map they exist in the middle of a city block. I tried going in the building, but the gps signal is gone at that point and it didn't get me any closer to those resonators. How do I destroy resonators I can't get close to? Do I just need to launch a ton of xmps from a distance and do around 1% - 2% damage at a time?",
"title": "How can I attack resonators in the middle of a city block?",
"forum": "gaming.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<ingress>",
"link": "gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/95733",
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/22491/mmrobins"
} | 16_31 | [
[
"Turn off your wifi to determine your position only by satellites and move to windows within the building. You can also blow it up with high level xmp.",
"It seems that this is a common problem and most players just use tactics that include proper positioning."
]
] | {
"rel_sent_not_in_cluster": [
false
],
"cluster_sents_not_matched": [
[]
]
} | [
2
] | [
[
"The community proposes few tactics to tackle the problem.",
"A user is suggesting to report it as a problem."
]
] |
[
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "Yes, you can.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "If you keep holding the left button of your mouse, you can hold your right button to make your character walk.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
1
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "Changing the view angle will make your character move to the pointed way.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Tip: You can click R to enable auto-run.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/38247/Eduardo Copat",
"score": 13
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "You can't move in exactly the same way, by clicking on the ground, but you can move using the mouse.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "You can hold right-click and move the mouse to look around, and if you hold right and left click at the same time, you will walk forwards.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "This will allow you to move using the mouse, but you will be unable to strafe.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/15092/SaintWacko",
"score": 3
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "Holding both right-click and left-click at the same time will cause you to walk forward.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
1
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "This isn't the same thing as click-to-move movement, but it does allow movement to be controlled solely by the mouse.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/16793/Brysonic",
"score": 1
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "There are freeware programs which can take a joystick input and translate it to keystrokes.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "AFAIK one is actually called Joy2Key, but there are others.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "One can get a 10$ gamepad with an analog stick and then set up joy2key to translate the stick movement to WASD.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "I don't use these programs, but I do use a joy2Midi program to translate joystick buttons to midi inputs for use in a guitar stomp box connected to a virtual amplifier.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Similar principle.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/5879/horatio",
"score": 1
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "With no mouse button pressed or left mouse button pressed:W and S walk forward and backward,A and D rotate left and right,moving mouse only rotates the visual With",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "right mouse button pressed:W and S walk the way pointed by mouse,A and D strafe left and right,mpving mouse rotates visual and character direction With left and right mouse buttons pressed:The character walks forward,moving mouse rotates visual and character direction(BTW quite useful when typing while running!)",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/42034/Frhay",
"score": 1
}
}
] | {
"question": "I'd like to walk using only my mouse, as I can do in other games like Diablo 3. I searched and didn't find an option for this in Guild Wars 2. Is there no option to do this? Is there a workaround? A left hand handicap makes \"W_S_A_D\" or arrow keys difficult for directing my avatar.",
"title": "Is it possible to mouse walk in Guild Wars 2?",
"forum": "gaming.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<guild-wars-2><accessibility>",
"link": "gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/100008",
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/39681/Zaaxs88"
} | 16_36 | [
[
"Holding both right-click and left-click at the same time will cause you to walk forward.",
"It is possible to walk using only a mouse, by pressing both clicks."
]
] | {
"rel_sent_not_in_cluster": [
false
],
"cluster_sents_not_matched": [
[]
]
} | [
2
] | [
[
"People are saying that you can walk by using only mouse."
]
] |
[
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "There isn't any difference, and there isn't any indication of this choice ever having an effect, gameplay-wise.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
1
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "The only difference between the two teams is that The Resistance seems to be more popular, and will probably remain so in the foreseeable future.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
1
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "So if you desire a more challenging gameplay, pick the Enlightened.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/1720/idan315",
"score": 24
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "Resistance as loners is not true in my area.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "The personality of the faction varies between regional areas (even varies between areas of cities).",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "There is no difference in gameplay (both factions capture portals and try to link them to create fields).The only difference is in the storyline of the game (which you can ignore if you want).",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
1
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "In the beginning, the Resistance was against alien influence of Earth's society.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "The Enlightened side with the Shapers who have influenced human society with the use of XM.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "The Resistance try to stop this influence.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "More recent story elements have added a second a second alien race the N'Zeer.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "The Resistance hopes to tap the N'Zeer's use of AI to continue their resistance against the Shapers.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "The Shapers were against the use of AI, so the Enlightened now also work to thwart the influence of N'Zeer",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "AI.According this storyline, both the N'Zeer and The Shapers have influenced humanity.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "I guess the Resistance feels that AI is easier to control than XM influence; while the Enlightened fear that AI poses a Terminator type threat.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Essentially, Niantic (makers of Ingress) have tried to make the storyline balanced so that both sides can be right/good guys and both sides can be wrong/bad guys.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "So really, I would suggest you choose your faction based on who you want to play with.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Go to a big public park",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "(it is probably a portal farm), find someone playing who you like (probably walking laps around the park staring at their phone the whole time), and join their side :)",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/107203/user107203",
"score": 3
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "Meta and gameplay wise",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "no, story wise it's basically \" do you want to help advance humanity through accepting alien help or by turning us all into robots\"",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/129649/user129649",
"score": 2
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "As far as gameplay is concerned, there is no difference at all between the two teams.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "As far as the players go, there is a subtle difference in the kind of people who are attracted to either side.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Resistance seem to prefer to be loners.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "They work as individuals, but seem to have greater numbers, so it balances out.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "The enlightened tend to be more social and work more as a team and talk more, which due to the way the game is set up, balances out the fact that there are less of them.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Unless you are set on one team or the other, my advice would be to try and find out which team dominates in your area, then join the opposing team.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "This way you will be able to level up quicker, and hopefully balance things out a bit in your area.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/59119/F1END",
"score": 1
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "The only difference is in the backstory, as well as perhaps on-the-ground regional differences.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "However, when people actually read the backstory before deciding, it does tend to show up in the teams.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Aside from the \"social\" vs. \"independant\" difference mentioned earlier, there was (at least early on) a decided device skewing on the teams.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "iPhone people tended towards \"Enlightened\" while Androids went for \"Resistance\".",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Not really important, but kind of interesting.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/144335/rmhartman",
"score": 1
}
}
] | {
"question": "The backstory makes it out to be a more or less life-defining decision which faction, Enlightened or Resistance, you select. As far as I can see though, there doesn't seem to be any real difference, except for color, between the teams. Is there any difference at all, and if not, do we have any kind of hints, or maybe educated speculation, on whether that might be planned in the future? Or can I just flip a coin?",
"title": "Are there any real differences between factions in Ingress?",
"forum": "gaming.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<ingress>",
"link": "gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/102817",
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/1181/Zano"
} | 16_37 | [
[
"There isn't any difference except resistance seems to be more popular and there is a different backstory. There is no difference in gameplay. ",
"While there are some lore differencies, factions do not offer different benefits or disadvantages."
]
] | {
"rel_sent_not_in_cluster": [
false
],
"cluster_sents_not_matched": [
[]
]
} | [
2
] | [
[
"The community is stating that there isn't any difference, regarding the factions, gameplay wise."
]
] |
[
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "The Theory",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "While there is no official way of starting Steam in Offline mode w/o showing the pop-up window you mention in your question, you might observe that when you switch Steam client from Online to Offline mode, you get no such pop-up.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "The reason why this happens is because Steam changes one registry entry that suppress displaying of that window.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "You can check it by yourself by downloading program called Process Monitor from Microsoft website and setting it to monitor registry operations of steam.exe while you switch to offline mode.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Only problem is that this registry value ( SkipStayOfflineDialog in HKCU\\Software\\Valve\\Steam ) is reset to default when you exit the steam, resulting in displaying this \"Please go online\" dialog",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "next time you start Steam application.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Solution",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "I came up with small batch file as a workaround for problems mentioned above.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "It's simple two code line file that first changes value of registry entry responsible for skipping offline dialog and then starts steam client: @reg add HKCU\\Software\\Valve\\Steam /v",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "SkipStayOfflineDialog /t",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "REG_DWORD /d 0",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "/f",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": ">",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "nul@start steam.exe Just save this as a SteamOffline.bat",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "(name of file is unimportant, only extension is) and place it in your Steam directory.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "You can then use it for launching Steam.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "You could also make a shortcut for this .bat and add custom icon for it, so you could pin it to Start Menu or place it on desktop.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "You could also set shortcut to run minimized if you don't want a cmd.exe window popping up in the middle of the screen:",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "In would be a good idea to go online once in a while to fetch new Steam and game updates;",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "You are modifying a registry with this file ,",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "if that statement scares you, then please do not use this method :)",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "You can add -silent after steam.exe in bat file to hide the \"Connecting Steam account: Username\" window; You can always start Steam normally by executing Steam.exe or it's default shortcut.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/41846/Barthez",
"score": 7
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "Just add (or edit if it is there)",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "\"SkipOfflineModeWarning\" \"1\" to Steam\\config\\loginusers.vdf .",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Should work on Mac too.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Example content of loginusers.vdf : \"users\"{ \"<your profile number>\" { \"AccountName\" \"<your login>\" \"PersonaName\" \"<",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "your display name>\" \"RememberPassword\" \"1\" \"Timestamp\" \"<timestamp>\" \"WantsOfflineMode\" \"1\"",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "\"SkipOfflineModeWarning\" \"1\" }} I wrote a script for Windows to automate it.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/87493/Tithen-Firion",
"score": 5
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "Sorry, there is no way to remove that pop-up.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
1
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "You could go online or play in offline mode.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/38416/MerajA",
"score": 1
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "There is no way to remove that.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "Steam is a online program and can be played offline however steam keeps on recommending to play it Online.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Steam requires internet to keep your steam profile up-to-date as well as your games patched up.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "That's why steam wants to remind you that your in offline mode cause your steam cannot be updated.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "However you must log into (or connect to) Steam every 30 days for authentication or your software will refuse to work properly (if at all).",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "You'll have to ignore it or go back to Online Mode.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/41744/Ladineko",
"score": 1
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "I used Piotr Kowalski solution, which worked.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "However, it reset as Barthez (and galacticninja) said it would.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Rather than using the batch file to change the registry, I simply changed the loginusers.vdf to a read only file (Right click on the file, choose properties, check the Read-only check box.)",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "It works fine, but you will have to remember to uncheck the Read-only check box if you want to change to online or change other settings in the file.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/95809/FireStorm",
"score": 1
}
}
] | {
"question": "Is there a way to remove or automatically skip the following dialog, which I get because I have steam set to start in offline mode: Steam is currently set to be in Offline Mode. Many features, such as Friends and the Server Browser, will not be available while offline. [Go Online] [Start In Offline Mode]",
"title": "Remove 'Steam is currently set to be in Offline Mode' dialog",
"forum": "gaming.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<steam>",
"link": "gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/102867",
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/35833/tog22"
} | 16_38 | [
[
"There is no way to remove the pop-up.",
"Steam client does not allow in any way to remove that particular dialogue."
]
] | {
"rel_sent_not_in_cluster": [
false
],
"cluster_sents_not_matched": [
[]
]
} | [
2
] | [
[
"It is stated that there is no way to disable this pop up dialogue."
]
] |
[
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "This can be done from within the Steam client",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
1
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "There is an option within Steam that toggles whether or not Steam starts with your computer.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "To change it, open up the main Steam window and select 'Preferences' from the 'Steam' menu, followed by selecting the 'Interface' tab, which brings up the following screen; Simply uncheck 'Run Steam when my computer starts' to prevent Steam from starting with your computer.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "(Obviously if you wanted to Steam to start with your PC, you'd check this box instead of unchecking it!)",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "macOS",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "If, on macOS, this doesn't work for you, check for Steam in \"System Preferences\" > \"Users & Groups\" >",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "[Your user]",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": ">",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "\"Login Items\", and remove it via the '-' sign.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/52800/kalina",
"score": 68
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "An alternative solution on Windows (starting from 8) is to open task manager and disable Steam Client Bootstrapper from the Start-up tab.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
1
],
"cluster_id": [
[
1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Note:",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "This is an override switch to Steam's setting.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "You cannot re-enable it from Steam settings after disabling it here.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/51318/3ventic",
"score": 12
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "In Windows 7 click the Start menu and type msconfig in the Search box.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "In the System Configuration program that opens, click the Startup tab, and then uncheck Steam.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "This does pretty much same thing as the Windows 8 tip.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/55404/theerek",
"score": 4
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "OSX",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "= open steam then next to apple icon in top left cornersteam > preferences >",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
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},
{
"text": "interfacethen uncheck - 'run steam when my computer starts'",
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"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/101953/anonymous",
"score": 4
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},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "For Mac users: Go to the Apple menu and choose “System Preferences”, then go to “Users & Groups” Select the user that is active in OS X, then choose the “Login Items” tab Select “Steam” from this list and then hit the Delete key on the keyboard to remove steam from the automatic launch on login list Close out of System Preferences",
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],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/173659/Trevor Wood",
"score": 4
}
}
] | {
"question": "Every time I boot into OSX or Windows, Steam automatically starts. Is there a way to stop Steam starting whenever I boot up my computer?",
"title": "How can I stop Steam from loading when I start my computer?",
"forum": "gaming.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<steam>",
"link": "gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/102996",
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/12936/Michel"
} | 16_39 | [
[
"You can do it from within Steam client. You can also disable Steam Client Bootstrapper from the Start-up tab. ",
"It is possible to stop Steam client from starting up during boot, in any operating system, withing the client itself or by commanding to do so via operating system settings."
]
] | {
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[
"It is stated that Steam client offers that option.",
"While there is a way to disable Steam from starting up at boot, within Windows settings.",
"A user guide, regarding disabling Steam starting up at boot, for Mac users."
]
] |
[
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "Yes, it can rain on the island, and when it does, you can find snails: EDIT: If you're looking for rain on the island, you might want to check it in the morning.",
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"text": "For the last two weeks, I've visited the island each day in the late afternoon or evening, and haven't seen it rain once during that time.",
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"text": "However, I've seen it rain on three separate morning visits, at just past 8:00AM.",
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"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/27328/Josh Townzen",
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{
"sents": [
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"text": "Actually, it CAN rain - it's raining on my island right now -",
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"text": "but this is the first time since I've gotten the game, so I'm guessing that it's very rare.",
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{
"sents": [
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"text": "After about a month of Island trips I'm pretty confident it never rains on the island, even when it's raining at your town.",
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"text": "Instead, to catch a snail you'll need to plant a hibiscus bush in your town (they sell starter plants at the island shop sometimes, they cost 5 medals and come in assorted colors) and wait for it to rain, and you'll have a chance to see a snail.",
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"text": "They seem somewhat rare",
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"text": "but I have caught one using this method.",
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"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/11920/Ben Brocka",
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{
"sents": [
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"text": "It's raining on mine right now, and I was really creeped out lol.",
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"text": "The music doesn't play, there's just a bird squawking, and the pitter patter of the rain O.o",
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"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/53350/Andy",
"score": 3
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},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "It does rain on the island.",
"label": [
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1
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"cluster_id": [
[
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},
{
"text": "Go there just about after 8:00 A.M.",
"label": [
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"text": "and there's a chance of it raining there.",
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{
"text": "Nothing better than a morning rain.",
"label": [
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"label_summ": [
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],
"cluster_id": [
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},
{
"text": "Animal Crossing wikia lies about it being impossible to catch a coelacanth on the island.",
"label": [
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],
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"text": "That's where I caught mine actually.",
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},
{
"text": "very rare though.",
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},
{
"text": ":)",
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],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/75398/Kenzy",
"score": 1
}
}
] | {
"question": "In Animal Crossing: New Leaf, will it ever rain on the Island? I want to catch a snail on one of the hibiscus bushes.",
"title": "Will it ever rain on the island?",
"forum": "gaming.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<animal-crossing-new-leaf>",
"link": "gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/123006",
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/51203/lonewookie"
} | 17_7 | [
[
"It can rain on the island and you can look for snails.",
"It's pretty much possible to rain on the island."
]
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[
"People being affirmative that it can rain on the island.",
"However a user is objecting that statement."
]
] |
[
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "My suggestion would be to modify the following variable in the server.properties file: spawn-protection=999999 Then OP yourself and anyone else you trust to place and destroy blocks.",
"label": [
1
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1
],
"cluster_id": [
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},
{
"text": "This forces your world (or at least any realistic distance from spawn) to have spawn protection.",
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{
"text": "Blocks cannot be placed or destroyed in this area, unless you're an OP (and at least one OP must be listed in order for it to work).",
"label": [
0
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{
"text": "Note that it is currently not possible to fully prevent the griefing you described above in vanilla without tampering with the user's inventory or use of modding tools.",
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"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/27903/Gigazelle",
"score": 7
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "Set their gamemode to adventure mode using /gamemode <plr> adventure .",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
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"text": "This makes it so that they cannot break or place blocks.",
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}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/116483/Carcass",
"score": 6
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "So long as a player has blocks or placeable items, they can place them.",
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],
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{
"text": "Therefore, the only way to prevent placing blocks is to take away a player's inventory with the clear <playername> command.",
"label": [
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1
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"cluster_id": [
[
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},
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"text": "If there are only a few items you need to prevent from being used this way (e.g., you're specifically concerned about TNT and lava buckets, and nothing else), you can get more specific by using the optional [item] and [metadata] arguments of the clear command to remove only a specific type of item per command.",
"label": [
0
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{
"text": "But if not, then your only recourse is clearing their whole inventory.",
"label": [
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],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/4163/SevenSidedDie",
"score": 2
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "To the commenter suggesting using @p and the redstone clock he demonstrated, I have two notes.",
"label": [
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},
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"text": "First, you are looking for @a to select all players.",
"label": [
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},
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"text": "The selectors are as follows: @p - selects closest player to the command block@a - selects all players@r - selects a random player@e - selects all entities* *including hostile/friendly mobs, players, items/blocks on the ground, etc.",
"label": [
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},
{
"text": "it is *strongly",
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},
{
"text": "* recommended you use modifiers to reduce the scope when using @e.",
"label": [
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},
{
"text": "There are far more efficient and faster ways to build clocks, and having fewer repeaters/redstone torches etc is a bonus.",
"label": [
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"text": "The \"Redstone Lag\" players often experience is actually the result of block light updates, caused by these devices turning on/off.",
"label": [
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"text": "The blocks around them are lit up and dimmed with each cycle, and these lighting changes are what crush some machines.",
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"text": "Pure redstone and redstone blocks tend to have less or no impact on lighting.",
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},
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"text": "You can build an incredibly fast clock by simply placing two command blocks against one stone block.",
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},
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"text": "In one command block use /setblock to set a redstone block where the stone block currently is.",
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"text": "Then, in the other command block, tell it to set the redstone block (using the setblock command) to air (minecraft:air).",
"label": [
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"cluster_id": [
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},
{
"text": "Lastly, replace the stone block that is adjacent to both command blocks with a redstone block manually.",
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"text": "They will instantly start fighting each other for control of the block and an insanely fast, relatively low impact clock is produced.",
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},
{
"text": "I would also suggest running /gamerule",
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},
{
"text": "commandBlockOutput",
"label": [
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},
{
"text": "Falseotherwise",
"label": [
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],
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],
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},
{
"text": "your chat will be filled with line after line of \"Block Placed\".",
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},
{
"text": "For clarity's sake, C is a command block, S is the stone block Command: /setblock",
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{
"text": "x y z minecraft:redstone_blockvC S C",
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},
{
"text": "^Command",
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},
{
"text": ": /setblock",
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},
{
"text": "x y z minecraft:air both sets of x y z should be replaced with the coordinates for the S block.",
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},
{
"text": "Use full integers, no decimal places.",
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],
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]
},
{
"text": "Alternatively, you can use relative coordinates.",
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},
{
"text": "These are done as ~ ~ ~ instead of numbers.",
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},
{
"text": "The three tildes (~) will run the command directly on the command blocks own coordinates.",
"label": [
0
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"label_summ": [
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],
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-1
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},
{
"text": "You can modify relative coordinates using positive or negative values.",
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},
{
"text": "In the drawn example above I could use the following integers.",
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},
{
"text": "(be sure to know which axis you're adjusting, in this case I've simply used the X axis as an example).",
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},
{
"text": "First: /setblock",
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},
{
"text": "~1",
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},
{
"text": "~ ~ minecraft:redstoneblockSecond:",
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]
},
{
"text": "/setblock",
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},
{
"text": "~-1 ~ ~ minecraft:air",
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"text": "This causes the command block to the left to select in the positive direction on the left axis (while maintaining the command blocs y and z).",
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0
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"cluster_id": [
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},
{
"text": "The block to the right does the exact opposite.",
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},
{
"text": "In this example the only axis that changes is X.",
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},
{
"text": "The advantage is we can copy this system using a command like clone, or by copying just the code, and not need to adjust the coordinates each time.",
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},
{
"text": "It saves a lot of work.",
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},
{
"text": "Getting the hang of command blocks is a -big- undertaking, an",
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"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/73678/MisterBuilder",
"score": 2
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},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "I made a system using command blocks and scoreboard objectives that I call GriefDenial 2.0 .",
"label": [
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},
{
"text": "It's available in schematic file format that you can import into your world using MCedit or other tools that understand schematic files.",
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],
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],
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},
{
"text": "This system allows any and all players to create a protected 30×30 area in which only they can build or place blocks, with the ability to add one other trusted user who can also build in their claim.",
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0
],
"label_summ": [
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],
"cluster_id": [
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},
{
"text": "Since it is built out of command blocks and scoreboard objectives, this is useful for any vanilla server.",
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[
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}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/103891/Guest",
"score": 2
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "You could, Have a command block and make a redstone loop where it goes around and around.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "Example: R= Redstone J= Redstone Repeaters.",
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0
],
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],
"cluster_id": [
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]
},
{
"text": "(Repeaters face oppisite directions)Then, light the redstone with a redstone torch, break torch, and with redstone, as quick as you can break and replace the lit redstone.",
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0
],
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},
{
"text": "RR JJ RR After you have made this, or something like this you need a command block.",
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],
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},
{
"text": "In the command block type /clear @p",
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},
{
"text": "I think @p is it, there's some code that is everyone.",
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},
{
"text": "So this will clear their inventories.",
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},
{
"text": "Rapidly, so you don't have to manually do it.",
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],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/63997/Deadly124",
"score": 0
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},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "use setblock and clone to place air blocks all around the area.",
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0
],
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[
-1
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},
{
"text": "Hook the command blocks up to a fill clock, and that should do the trick.",
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"text": "Note:this will take a LOT of work.",
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"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/137879/Kylun11",
"score": 0
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},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "Maybe set all players not within an \"OP team\" and within a certain radius to Adventure mode.",
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"text": "This would mean that you could still edit the spawn, and allow for \"survival zones\" outside the spawn.",
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"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/158727/Chemical Comrade",
"score": 0
}
}
] | {
"question": "I want to know how to keep players from placing blocks in a certain area on my Minecraft server using Command Blocks . I already know how to keep them from breaking anything via [effect player 'mining fatigue'], but that won't stop them from placing lava, TNT, or anything that might obstruct anything important. Any suggestions?",
"title": "How can I use Command Blocks to keep players from placing blocks on a vanilla server?",
"forum": "gaming.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<minecraft-java-edition><minecraft-commands>",
"link": "gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/124835",
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/52339/Le_Beholder"
} | 17_8 | [
[
"Try modifying the following variable in the server or clear the player's inventory.",
"The community suggested some ways to tackle the problem."
]
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"Opinions by users, regarding some solutions."
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[
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "This is less of an answer (unless you'll accept \"no way\" as one), and more of an extended comment.",
"label": [
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"text": "Missing a shaft or two is not a big deal.",
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"text": "But lighting up caves for spawner efficiency is a huge work, as you need to proof all caves in 128 meter sphere around your position at killing floor.",
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"text": "I've done it once and vowed to never again build a spawner in the ground.",
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"text": "See: I made shafts every 20 meters in one cardinal direction, starting from a main shaft in the other direction (like a branch mine), making a circle of 140, to be sure.",
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"text": "That gives 280 + 280 + 280 + 260 + 240 + 220 + 180 + 100 = 1840 meters of pure mining, without spelunking, per level of which you'd want three (to cover 64 meters of depth at 20 meters between levels).",
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"text": "Adding vertical access, some ease of navigation and diagonal shafts that you'll dig a lot of to find caves by sound we have quite above six kilometers of digging, plus cave adventures (imagine those multi-leveled jagged open caves with holes in the ceiling raining creepers!).",
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"text": "And the surface.",
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{
"text": "You have to light up almost 20 acres of land, more than 70000 square meters - or always be sure to sleep the nigh over.",
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"text": "So, my advice is: make your spawner in the sky.",
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"text": "128 meters above surface, or 100 above ocean, and you're all set and are only dealing with its ugliness (build it away, go via portal).",
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"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/33619/Orc JMR",
"score": 13
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},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "If you build your spawner on the surface (rather than in the sky), you will need to find and light up all of the caves, there is no way around it.",
"label": [
1
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"text": "Personally I find the \"x-ray machine\" to be \"cheating\" and instead have my own technique for finding caves.",
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"cluster_id": [
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"text": "Create a grid of holes about 8 or 16 blocks apart (depending on how accurate you want to be).",
"label": [
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],
"cluster_id": [
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"text": "These holes should be dug from the surface to the bottom of the map (or at least until you reach the infamous \"lava layer\").",
"label": [
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],
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],
"cluster_id": [
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{
"text": "The added bonus with this technique is these holes to the surface will also prevent any void fog at the bottom of your world.",
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"text": "If you use this technique, to be on the safe side, put everything except the necessities (torches for if you find caves, and tools needed to dig: pickaxe, shovel, sword; all of which can be of stone or iron) in a chest so as to not lose it if you fall into a pool of lava or appear in a dangerous area.",
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"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/17179/IQAndreas",
"score": 5
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{
"sents": [
{
"text": "To prevent spawning in caves, you need to fill them in, light them up or flood them with water (or lava).",
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{
"text": "There are a few ways to do it.",
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},
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"text": "Manual work World editing mods (such as WorldEdit ) External world editing tools (such as MCEdit )",
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"cluster_id": [
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"text": "Manual work is the hardest option, but doesn't have side-effects: while mods and editors are much easier, they will restrict your exploration of the caves if you choose to fill them up and sometimes they might even corrupt your save, which is why it is highly recommended to take backups before using them.",
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"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/51318/3ventic",
"score": 2
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "If you build your spawner on the surface (rather than in the sky), you will need to find and light up all of the caves, there is no way around it.",
"label": [
1
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"label_summ": [
1
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"cluster_id": [
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{
"text": "In order to assist in finding caves, it is very common for some users to make an \"x-ray machine\".",
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"text": "This technique is described in the second half of the following video:",
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"text": "The X-Ray device works like this xPGSx P=Player S=",
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"text": "PistonxPxxx G=",
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"text": "Glowstonexxxxx x=solid block (Dirt etc)",
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"text": "Activate the piston and",
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"text": "it pushes the glowstone the player's head.",
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"text": "If it were a solid block, you would suffocate.",
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"text": "In the video, he does not suffocate.",
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"text": "Since Glowstone is not visually transparent, it allows you to see through any wall directly in contact with the glowstone that was just pushed over your head by the piston.",
"label": [
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{
"text": "I'll leave it to you to figure out how to activate the piston.",
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"text": "This requires no mods or 'cheats', but rather, it exploits the design of the 3D graphics environment, which some may consider cheating.",
"label": [
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},
{
"text": "This edit contributed by musicwithoutpaper without permission, just in case the YouTube video gets removed.",
"label": [
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"text": "Although he uses the machine to find pools of water, it can just as easily be used to find caves.",
"label": [
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],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/17179/IQAndreas",
"score": 2
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "You could use a single command to fill everything in - the only requirement is being an op or having cheats enabled in single player.",
"label": [
0
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"label_summ": [
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"cluster_id": [
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"text": "It's super efficient and a lot easier than having to create a sky mob trap or manually fill in all caves.",
"label": [
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{
"text": "/fill 0 64 0 200 5 200 1",
"label": [
0
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],
"cluster_id": [
[
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]
},
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"text": "The first three numbers are the starting coordinates, the next three numbers are the ending coordinates, and the last number is the block ID you want to fill it with.",
"label": [
0
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"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
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},
{
"text": "If you used this exact command, you would replace every single block from x:0 z:0 to x:200 z:200 with stone, covering from about sea level (y:64) to a few blocks above bedrock (y:5).",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
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},
{
"text": "You would want to center your mob trap at x:100 z:100.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
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]
},
{
"text": "You can adjust coordinates accordingly depending on where you want to build your mob trap.",
"label": [
0
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"cluster_id": [
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],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/27903/Gigazelle",
"score": 2
}
}
] | {
"question": "I made a mob trap recently but it did not seem efficient so I found out caves affect your mob traps but how do I get rid of the caves easily or at least stop the mobs from spawning in them.",
"title": "How can I easily remove caves for my mob trap?",
"forum": "gaming.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<minecraft-java-edition>",
"link": "gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/125158",
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/52364/FalseFlash"
} | 17_10 | [
[
"To prevent spawning in caves, you will need to find and light them all up or fill them in.",
"While there is not simple way to tackle this problem, investing time in lighting up caves, seem to solve the problem."
]
] | {
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2
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[
"Users suggesting there now way to to such a thing.",
"However someone proposes a way to deal with it."
]
] |
[
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "Option #1: Oblivion in laudanum.",
"label": [
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"cluster_id": [
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]
},
{
"text": "The solution is extremely Victorian: F.F. Gebrandt's Superior Laudanum, to help you sleep at night.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
1
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "You can find it in the Echo Bazaar (click the \"Bazaar\" tab), in the shop Nikolas Pawnbrokers .",
"label": [
0
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"label_summ": [
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],
"cluster_id": [
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},
{
"text": "Each bottle costs one Echo, which can be quite pricey if you're trying to sell Whispered Secrets or the like in the Bazaar.",
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"cluster_id": [
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},
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"text": "Drinking laudanum is bad for your health, and your Wounds quality will increase a bit one change point), but you can reduce that with F.F. Gebrandt's Tincture of Vigour.",
"label": [
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"label_summ": [
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"text": "I imagine that Gebrandt is an extremely wealthy lady.",
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"text": "Alternatively, you can just rest at your Lodgings if your Wounds quality is 3 or higher.",
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"label_summ": [
1
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},
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"text": "Once you become a Person of Some Importance (PoSI), as with the Tincture of Vigour and Ablution Solution, this option will become less viable; unlike the other two, it will also have a nasty side-affect: every time you drink a bottle of the stuff, you'll become slightly more addicted to it, resulting in the Laudanum becoming less effective. Option #2: We're all mad here.",
"label": [
0
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"label_summ": [
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"text": "Go to A state of some confusion.",
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"cluster_id": [
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{
"text": "It will discard and replace all of your Opportunities with new cards, so don't do it if you really like your current Opportunities.",
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"text": "Almost all of the Opportunities and actions available in confusion will decrease your Nightmares (though some will abuse your base stats a bit, and one or two will increase your Nightmares while giving you something else you want), and you will leave A state of some confusion once your Nightmares drops to zero.",
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"text": "There are two ways to get to A state of some confusion: Go to Mrs. Plenty's Carnival , into the House of Mirrors , and then Gaze Into Dream's Mirror, which requires that you have at least one in Nightmares.",
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"label_summ": [
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"text": "Let your Nightmares quality increase to 8.",
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"cluster_id": [
[
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},
{
"text": "You'll be taken there immediately.",
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"text": "A state of some confusion doesn't cost you any Echoes, but has a much worse action-efficiency compared to drinking laudanum.",
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{
"text": "(Laudanum seems to do about 4 change points of Nightmares reduction, and actions in a state of some confusion are more like 1-2 change points of Nightmares reduction.)",
"label": [
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},
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"text": "Not all actions there will decrease your Nightmares, but drinking laudanum will waste some of your time with curing your Wounds, so it's a wash; there's some good reasons to just let yourself go mad.",
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"text": "Unfortunately, a few of the actions in confusion have a chance to abuse your four main qualities, and there are a few other small-ish drawbacks , so it's not all upside.",
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},
{
"text": "Option",
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},
{
"text": "#2 if you have Memories of Light:",
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},
{
"text": "we're all mad here, too.",
"label": [
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"label_summ": [
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},
{
"text": "If you have 10 Memories of Light , then you can spent two of them to go to the Mirror-Marches instead of A state of some confusion at the carnival.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
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"cluster_id": [
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},
{
"text": "If you have at least one Memory of Light , then getting to 8 in Nightmares will take you here instead.",
"label": [
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"label_summ": [
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},
{
"text": "The Mirror-Marches are much more generous than A state of some confusion ; your main qualities won't be abused nearly as much, and actions that remove two or more points of Nightmares are much more common. Option #3: Psychotherapy.",
"label": [
0
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"label_summ": [
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"cluster_id": [
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},
{
"text": "In your Lodgings, you'll get an option to Find a way to deal with your Nightmares if your Nightmares quality is 4 or higher.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
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},
{
"text": "Spend a Sudden Insight (possibly gained via",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
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]
},
{
"text": "Invite a friend to join you in something terribly intellectual from your Lodgings), and you'll lose 5 change points of Nightmares .",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
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},
{
"text": "Your friend will gain one change point of Nightmares and also spend one action, so you should return the favor sooner or later.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
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],
"cluster_id": [
[
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}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/9522/PotatoEngineer",
"score": 16
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "In addition to Paul Marshall's excellent advice: The Mirror Marches are infinitely better than the State of Some Confusion.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
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},
{
"text": "The State of Some Confusion almost always damages your stats when you make use of its opportunities, or else applies another Menace, and when you escape from it you lose change points in all of your dreams",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
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],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
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},
{
"text": "(this is a bad thing).",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "The Mirror Marches, for the most part, raises your stats, and the only dream you lose change-points in is Is Someone There?.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
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}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/61706/Snowskeeper",
"score": 8
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "I'd just like to add that if you go to the State of Some Confusion , you lose a lot of dreams and four Memories of Light anyways, so it's better to just stay in the Mirror-Marshes and lose one upon leaving.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
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"cluster_id": [
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},
{
"text": "I learned this the hard way when I went to the State of Some Confusion from the Mirror-Marches so that I could save a Memory of Light.",
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}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/70030/Alex",
"score": 4
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "One option is to consult a friend:",
"label": [
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],
"label_summ": [
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],
"cluster_id": [
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},
{
"text": "This allows you to spend a sudden insight and invite a friend over to confess all of your fears too (though they suffer a small increase nightmares themselves).",
"label": [
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"label_summ": [
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],
"cluster_id": [
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{
"text": "Of course, this option is only available if your nightmares have reached level 4, and is only viable if you have a willing party in your group of friends.",
"label": [
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"label_summ": [
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],
"cluster_id": [
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{
"text": "As an aside, the reason I had not seen this option previously is that while my nightmares had reached level 4, I had suppressed them somewhat using my cheerful pet goldfish.",
"label": [
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],
"label_summ": [
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],
"cluster_id": [
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},
{
"text": "When \"equipped\" as a pet, a cheerful goldfish grants a -1 nightmares modifier.",
"label": [
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],
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],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/12937/RedRiderX",
"score": 3
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "Action ineffecient and chancy but drink the warm drink in refreshment tent at the carnival, when your scandal gets too high go to your lodge and attend church.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
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},
{
"text": "May take several tries with the warm drink as it is chancy.",
"label": [
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],
"cluster_id": [
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]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/87611/Guest",
"score": 3
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "In The Shuttered Palace, the commission to paint a portrait of the royal children has two options: Arrange a sitting, and Consult your Bohemian Friends.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
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],
"cluster_id": [
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},
{
"text": "The Bohemians cost prisoner's honey, is a bit more difficult than the sitting, but reduces your Nightmares by one change point on success.",
"label": [
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],
"label_summ": [
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],
"cluster_id": [
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},
{
"text": "If your Persuasive is high enough, that's a viable option, costing less than Laudanum and (depending on persuasive) less risky than carnival wine.",
"label": [
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],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/173263/Derek",
"score": 1
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "Sometimes completing story lines will reset your nightmares, so it might be worthwhile to continue as normal until your nightmares get to 7 when you are in danger of going insane.",
"label": [
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"cluster_id": [
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],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/253683/Guest",
"score": 1
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "Go to the Carnival and drink the spiced wine.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "^_^It has a good chance of reducing nightmares.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
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],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
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]
},
{
"text": "That’s what my Fallen London OC does.",
"label": [
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],
"label_summ": [
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],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
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]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/244769/Michelle",
"score": 0
}
}
] | {
"question": "In spite of the good advice I was given previously , I've followed a few too many Opportunities that have resulted in rather... troublesome, memories, and now my nightmares are approaching level 5. Every once in a while, I encounter an Opportunity or Storylet that reduces my nightmares somewhat, but due to my line of work, my nightmares always seem to be dangerously high. I've seen too much of what cannot be unseen, how might I reduce my Nightmares?",
"title": "How can I make the Nightmares stop?",
"forum": "gaming.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<fallen-london>",
"link": "gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/130974",
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/12937/RedRiderX"
} | 17_14 | [
[
"Sometimes completing your storylines will reset your nightmares. You can also try drinking Laudanum or resting at your lodgings.",
"There are plenty ways to deal with Nightmares, such as drinking the spiced wine."
]
] | {
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] | [
[
"The community suggesting some tactics."
]
] |
[
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "If you want to create a LAN server to play with your buddies connected on the same network, create a single player world, then from the pause screen, select 'Open to LAN', as pictured below.",
"label": [
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],
"label_summ": [
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],
"cluster_id": [
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}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/22078/Bryan",
"score": 42
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "\"New Server\" doesn't create a server; it just lets you add one to the list of servers you connect to regularly.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
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],
"cluster_id": [
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},
{
"text": "To create a server, you have to run the server executable, \"Minecraft_Server.exe\" or \"minecraft_server.jar\".",
"label": [
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],
"label_summ": [
1
],
"cluster_id": [
[
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},
{
"text": "Detailed instructions can be found on the minecraft wiki if you need more help getting set up or run into performance issues.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
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],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
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},
{
"text": "If you are running the server on the same machine as the client, you can connect to \"localhost\" as the server address, or your own IP address.",
"label": [
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"label_summ": [
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],
"cluster_id": [
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}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/14289/Yamikuronue",
"score": 30
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "Five steps: Open to LAN",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "It will give you a 5-digit port number Find your IPv4 Address using ipconfig in Command prompt (search CMD in search bar)",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "If your IP address is 123.456.7.8, and LAN is 89072, then you will combine them to make something like: 123.456.7.8:80729 Use direct connect and connect to the game",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
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"cluster_id": [
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}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/69957/user69957",
"score": 6
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "Go to your game menu and press \"Open to LAN\".",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
1
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "Next, it will show your IP address.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
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},
{
"text": "Write down the IP address, and go back to the title screen and click on multiplayer.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Then, click on \"Add server\", name the server and then type in the IP address.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
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]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/62723/TheCoolMinecraftApoclypse",
"score": 4
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "The following worked for me: Locate your IP address by opening System Preferences > Network.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
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]
},
{
"text": "Copy the IP address.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
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],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
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]
},
{
"text": "Alternatively, find your IP address from the terminal: $ ifconfig | grep \"inet \" inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000 inet 10.0.0.217 netmask 0xffffff00",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
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],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
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},
{
"text": "broadcast 10.0.0.255",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
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],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
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]
},
{
"text": "Then, start single player and click \"Open to LAN\" from the pause menu.",
"label": [
0
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"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
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},
{
"text": "It will print a port number, say 51831 .",
"label": [
0
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"label_summ": [
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"cluster_id": [
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},
{
"text": "If your local IP address is 10.0.0.217 then join the two with a : : 10.0.0.217:51831 .",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
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],
"cluster_id": [
[
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},
{
"text": "Share this address with your friend, and ask them to connect using \"Direct Connection\" from the multiplayer start menu.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
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],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
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}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/200557/Ceasar Bautista",
"score": 3
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "Start a Single-Player World",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "The first step, if you haven’t already started one, is to create a single-player world.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
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]
},
{
"text": "Pretty simple, under the “Singleplayer” tab, select “Create World” and then select your game options.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "There is no specific set of settings for your world; this will not affect your friend from later joining the game.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Open to LAN After you have started your single-player world, press “ESC” on the keyboard (for PC), and this will bring up the pause menu.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
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]
},
{
"text": "Then, in the lower right corner, select the “Open to LAN” button, customize multiplayer options, then lastly select “Start LAN World” in the lower left corner, and a 5-digit LAN number will pop up in chat.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
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],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
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]
},
{
"text": "Make sure that you remember it.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
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],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
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},
{
"text": "Find Your IPV4 Address in Settings",
"label": [
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],
"label_summ": [
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],
"cluster_id": [
[
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]
},
{
"text": "How to Find your IPV4 Address Windows and MACIf",
"label": [
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"cluster_id": [
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},
{
"text": "you’re not sure what this is or how to find it",
"label": [
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],
"label_summ": [
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],
"cluster_id": [
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},
{
"text": ", there are many helpful articles and videos on the web (should look something like '192.168.x.xx', numbers will vary).",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
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],
"cluster_id": [
[
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},
{
"text": "“Direct Connect” to Server Image of The Direct Connect button in Multiplayer TabNow call up your friend, (or whatever you use to communicate with them) and have them select the “Multiplayer” option on the home screen.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
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],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
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]
},
{
"text": "Next, they need to click the “Direct Connect” option on the bottom of the screen.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
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],
"cluster_id": [
[
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]
},
{
"text": "After they have the Direct Connect screen open, tell them to put in your IPV4 address (with periods and everything): When they have typed it in character by character, add a colon directly at the end of this string of characters.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "After the colon, they need to put in the LAN number you produced earlier; after you selected “Open to LAN” (There should be no spaces in between any of the numbers or characters).",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "When you have completed all the steps above, tell them to select “Join Server” at the bottom, and watch the magic happen!",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
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},
{
"text": "Troubleshooting Often times, while attempting to play with your friends via LAN, you will be confronted with an error message that looks something like this.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
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},
{
"text": "This can be very annoying, as this has happened to me too many times.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
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],
"cluster_id": [
[
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},
{
"text": "There are a couple of ways to try and get around this roadblock; First of all, after you open “Direct Connect”, give it at least 45 seconds to fully load.",
"label": [
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],
"label_summ": [
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],
"cluster_id": [
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},
{
"text": "I know, you can’t tell that it is loading due to the absence of a loading sign, however if you put in all of the information and try to join your friend’s game before the “Direct Connect” page is finished loading, it will give you an error.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
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},
{
"text": "Secondly, especially if you are on Windows, the firewall can play a big role in preventing you from playing with friends.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
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],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
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},
{
"text": "Try turning off your firewall, and try this again.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
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],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "**** REMEMBER TO TURN",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
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],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
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},
{
"text": "IT BACK ON AFTERWARDS!",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
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],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "**** Lastly, you might want to try re-installing Minecraft.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
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],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
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},
{
"text": "The main reason why this is not working is that after you “Direct Connect” to the server, your computer pings for the host – if it finds them, great, you can join them.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
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},
{
"text": "However, if no computer or user is found with this LAN number/IPV4 address, then you will have no luck.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
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]
},
{
"text": "By re-installing Minecraft, you can restart this process.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "A more detailed description of this process found here .",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/241696/Veggies",
"score": 1
}
}
] | {
"question": "I went to multiplayer and pressed \"New Server\" I entered the name I want it to be and the address. I pressed done but it said \"hostname not available\"",
"title": "How do you make a local (LAN) server in minecraft?",
"forum": "gaming.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<minecraft-java-edition>",
"link": "gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/133658",
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/56290/Minecraft Gamer"
} | 17_16 | [
[
"If you want to create a LAN server, Go to your game menu and press \"Open to LAN\" then run the server executable, \"Minecraft_Server.exe\" or \"minecraft_server.jar\".",
"To create a local server in minecraft, there is an in game option."
]
] | {
"rel_sent_not_in_cluster": [
false
],
"cluster_sents_not_matched": [
[]
]
} | [
2
] | [
[
"It is stated, what to do in order to open a local server."
]
] |
[
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "The best way to level up is easily to perform jobs.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
1
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "Rockstar patched the ability to replay missions, so I would recommend doing either races or survival .",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Try out this quick race for farming levels:",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Settings Type:",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
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},
{
"text": "Race Laps:",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "1 Map: Criminal Records Vehicle: motorcycles Time to complete this takes about 30 seconds and you will get about 800 XP.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Each wave of Survival you will earn about 1000 RP per wave when you play alone .",
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],
"label_summ": [
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],
"cluster_id": [
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}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/18818/Zero",
"score": 17
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "Something I like to do to rank up fast is to have sex with hookers.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
1
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "You get 1000 RP on each encounter.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/57557/YOBOYJAY",
"score": 14
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "If you go into a Last Team Standing mission with some friends and while on the team select screen, have everybody join one team.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "The mission starts and ends within seconds saying that you all won.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "You can get a couple thousand dollars and about 900-1000 RP for it.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Including loading times, you should get 900-1000 RP every 60 seconds or so.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
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],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "This is a much faster way of leveling than the previous method I used which was to repeat the Criminal Records race over and over.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
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],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "(By the way, the Last Team Standing mission that I discovered this on was Cypress Flats.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Don't know if it works with every LTS",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "but I would assume that it does.)",
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}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/57492/Hobbes",
"score": 5
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "With Friends If you're playing with a friend, it's relatively easy to 'boost' if you're both game for it.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "This thread goes over a method, using the Criminal Records race.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Some key points to note: They suggest running enough laps that you hit the cap of 5,000 RP.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "This cuts down on the downtime while you reload/restart the race.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Most of the RP comes from the special awards you get for things like beating your lap time, staying in first place the entire lap, etc.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Of course, you can do a variety of things with friends, like running missions or farming in private deathmatch lobbies, etc.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "This method is probably the fastest but maybe more grinding than you really want to do.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Without Friends",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "If you're not with friends, you can either play solo or try to join up with random folks.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "You will almost always get better rewards for playing with other people, except in the case where the lobby is large and you're not in the top third or so of players.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "You also won't make money going solo in some job types like racing and parachuting.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Without Friends: Solo If you're going to go the solo route, running the Criminal Records race repeatedly is probably your best bet.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
1
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "It has the best RP-to-time ratio I've found of events to date.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Without Friends: With Random People However, I'd suggest playing with random strangers if you're up for it.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "As most of your wasted time is in joining lobbies and waiting for people to join and/or the rounds to start, I suggest using a Quick Job.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "The best random job type I've found is pick Random Parachuting.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Parachuting trumps racing since all the parachuting events are 2 minutes long or less.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Plus, many parachuting events only have 4 slots, which mean you've got a good chance of finishing in the top three and getting the best rewards.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Picking a race at random might end you up in some long race that has a poor RP-to-time ratio.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "You will make roughly 70-80% of the RP from the fastest parachuting mission than you would in Criminal Records racing, but the RP bump from playing with others (not to mention the money) tends to beat the loss here.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "I don't suggest running missions - the RP-to-time ratio is pretty poor.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "If you want to do missions, at least avoid ones where you have to track and recover a moving vehicle - these tend to take a long time for very little gain.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Almost all of Simeon's missions are this way.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Similarly, unless you are blazing fast with clearing Survival, your RP-to-time ratio is going to be pretty bad.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "It takes a few minutes per round, and it takes longer at the higher rounds unless you're playing with a coordinated team.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Of course, you can feel free to do what you want, this is a game and it is about having fun.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Also, your personal abilities will play a role.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "However, this has been what's worked best for me.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "RP-Related Notes",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "The amount of RP you earn scales with your level,",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "so if you aren't earning as much as someone else, chances are good that you're lower level than they are.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Playlists!",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Make a playlist and you'll earn a bonus 100 RP per event in the playlist when you complete it.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "You can make them from the pause menu.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Making a playlist also bypasses the between-round voting screen, which makes it even faster to farm RP.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "A lot of random stuff also earns you RP, for instance, losing cop stars is worth some RP.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "As you wander about, you're likely to get some just for playing.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/13845/agent86",
"score": 4
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "I found that survival is very helpful (if you beat all 10 waves that is haha) but you get $20000 for beating it and a good bit of RP",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/57411/C15_Alkyl",
"score": 1
}
}
] | {
"question": "What's the fastest way to level up in GTA online?I want't to level as fast as possible to beat my friends. But what is the fastest way to level up?",
"title": "What's the fastest way to level up in GTA online?",
"forum": "gaming.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<grand-theft-auto-online>",
"link": "gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/135718",
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/57285/xBeats_GhoStZz"
} | 17_18 | [
[
"The best way to level up is to perform jobs, run the Criminal Records race and having sex with hookers.",
"There are many ways to gain levels pretty quick, in GTA, such as performing jobs."
]
] | {
"rel_sent_not_in_cluster": [
false
],
"cluster_sents_not_matched": [
[]
]
} | [
2
] | [
[
"The community suggesting methods to obtain fast levels in GTA."
]
] |
[
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "Use the staff of summoning, the tribal people will stack to the right.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
1
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "Keep teleporting back and jumping on top of the heap to build up the pile.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/57996/Mdk",
"score": 5
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "This is how I did it.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Just keep jumping.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "If one lands directly on your head, summon wall of demons and teleport back if necessary.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Keep jumping!",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": ";)",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/58038/Inwoods",
"score": 4
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "Equip",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "A tribal summoning spear and Boots of introspection (keeps you grounded",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "so there's no need to use teleport ).",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "You will also need Pogo stick and A desert bird feather .",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Wait until at least 6 tribal warriors are summoned and jump on the closest one.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Continue building layers until you reach the top.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "You can use Black demons spell destroying all tribal warriors if tribal warrior blocks your way just before you reached the chest.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/58209/Domas",
"score": 4
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "Here's how it works using Obsidian Wall.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Took quite a lot of time, but was worth it :) Use teleport to switch back and you can use the spear to break through the wall (to get it lower) since using bare hands is painfully slow.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "It takes about 5 minutes to build this up.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Requirements:",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "pogo stick, Anti Graviti Potion X1, obsidian wall spell",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
1
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/58711/chineek",
"score": 3
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "An easier way with the clones.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/59096/vik",
"score": 2
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "Finally I obtained the Pogo Stick, and the cloning method is now working :)",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Build a pyramyd of yourself(ves) and jump :)",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/58656/CocoDico",
"score": 1
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "You can also use Obsidian Wall, but it's kind of slow.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "Put a wall somewhere in the middle of the room, then shoot fireballs at it until it's short enough to jump up on.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Then put a new wall after the first one, rinse and repeat.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "The advantage of this approach is that you don't have to waste chocolate bars on the spear or the crown.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Note: you should unequip your weapon before, otherwise you will destroy the wall you're standing on.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/58709/Emil Styrke",
"score": 0
}
}
] | {
"question": "It's big and empty and I can't get up to the top, what should I do? I can't jump high enough, anti-gravity doesn't seem to do anything either. My first tactic was to use the octopus summoning crown to create a pile of octopi that I could climb up, but when I teleported to the back of the room they followed me back, trapping me in the entrance.",
"title": "How do I beat the desert temple third room?",
"forum": "gaming.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<candy-box-2>",
"link": "gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/137074",
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/3610/fredley"
} | 17_19 | [
[
"Use the staff of summoning, the pogo stick or the Anti Graviti Potion X1.",
"To beat the desert temple third room, there are some things that can assist, such as the Obsidian Wall."
]
] | {
"rel_sent_not_in_cluster": [
false
],
"cluster_sents_not_matched": [
[]
]
} | [
2
] | [
[
"Players listing few options that might help."
]
] |
[
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "To answer your question about if the rewards increase, yes.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "I have 5 Imperial floors, and the current mission I'm on awards 18,040 credits.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "This does require 12 different items, so 12 supply officers are needed.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "I could buy them all for 12,000 to speed it along, as waiting it out has taken some time.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "You definitely get more credits than the rewards the emperor gives you, but whether that's worth the payoff to build the levels I guess is up to you.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/4239/Doozer Blake",
"score": 5
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "I currently have 73 levels out of 80, my imperial levels are 16/16.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Before they added an extra 6 levels there were only 10 which lead all the way up from interrogation to communications, I remember that I received 250k credits every time I got the required items.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "I do recommend that you build them.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
1
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "They will help you start out with a lot of money at low death star levels",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
1
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "(Please note that when I received the 250k credits, I was 80% done with the quests)",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/62418/Connor",
"score": 4
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "The rewards do increase, but it seems the missions vary from person to person.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
1
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "I only have 9 imperial floors and it tells me there are no more imperial missions.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "WTF?",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "I've read of other missions that other people do that I never encountered.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "There is no benefits for me to build imperial levels anymore besides unlocking new species (this seems to be the case, but not proven).",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/62384/user62384",
"score": 2
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "The Imperial levels pay off well and then abruptly do no good once the quests are done and now I am just sending my supply officers down there building more and more inventory that I can't use.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "I would advise not spending the 1000 credits on Supply Officers because before you know it, you will havr more of them than you can use.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/446/Cade Roux",
"score": 2
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "This response no longer applies after the 1.3.0 update",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "The rewards for imperial floors are calculated as follows:",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "((M1 * Q1)",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "+",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "(M2 * Q2)",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "+ (M3 * Q3)",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "* 51)",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Where M1 is the number of minutes it takes to stock an imperial floor and Q1 is the number of items stocked from that floor.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "M2/3 and Q2/3 are for subsequent floors required to redeem the reward.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Basically, for every minute it takes to stock an Imperial floor item, you get 51 credits.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "E.g., one of the missions is: 15 Rebel Secrets 1 Salvage 2 Battle Plans",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "The total reward is 13,515 and is calculated as follows: Rebel Secrets = 10 minutes to stock Salvage = 25 minutes to stock Battle Plans = 45 minutes to stock",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
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]
},
{
"text": "((10 * 15)",
"label": [
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],
"label_summ": [
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],
"cluster_id": [
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]
},
{
"text": "+ (1 * 25) + (2 * 45))",
"label": [
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],
"label_summ": [
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],
"cluster_id": [
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-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "* 51 = 13,515",
"label": [
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],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/65471/rbf2000",
"score": 2
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "I've just discovered how to maximise the money you make.",
"label": [
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],
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],
"cluster_id": [
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]
},
{
"text": "The \"mission\" that ask you to produce however many of whatever thing, are based on the number of the imperial level not really the thing they ask you for.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
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],
"cluster_id": [
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},
{
"text": "So since you make more money the longer an item takes to produce, use the 'level mover' VIPs to move into position the imperial level with the longest production time.",
"label": [
0
],
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],
"cluster_id": [
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},
{
"text": "I'm only up to level 10 myself, but so far Superlaser, and Droid Lab have the longest production time.",
"label": [
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],
"label_summ": [
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],
"cluster_id": [
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},
{
"text": "If you those into position to alter each mission you'll rake in the cash.",
"label": [
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"cluster_id": [
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-1
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]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/68379/Simonmmm",
"score": 0
}
}
] | {
"question": "I'm trying to build my Tiny Death Star as fast as possible, and I check in on it a couple times each day. At first, I was building imperial levels to complete the missions, but the income from the missions seems pretty low compared to just building other floors. Is there ever an increase in rewards to more coins and/or missions that give bux?",
"title": "Are imperial levels worth building?",
"forum": "gaming.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<star-wars-tiny-death-star>",
"link": "gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/143167",
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/58848/User"
} | 17_31 | [
[
"It is recommended. It will help you start out with a lot of money at low death star levels. The missions vary from person to person.",
"It seems that imperial levels can help earning money."
]
] | {
"rel_sent_not_in_cluster": [
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} | [
2
] | [
[
"The community suggests that building imperial levels can help up to a point."
]
] |
[
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "No, they will not.",
"label": [
1
],
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],
"cluster_id": [
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},
{
"text": "Characters from Swap Force can not be used with previous Skylanders games.",
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],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/4957/TZHX",
"score": 3
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "Some of the characters will work for all 3 games.",
"label": [
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],
"cluster_id": [
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},
{
"text": "Each package has a key that has green check marks to show which game it will work on.",
"label": [
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},
{
"text": "However, I have not found any of the swappable figures that work on other games.",
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],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/66474/Jessica",
"score": 2
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "Some will work in the Giants.",
"label": [
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],
"label_summ": [
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],
"cluster_id": [
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},
{
"text": "Since we only have Giants, my nephew actually told me to check the back of the figure packages and it will show which games they will work in.",
"label": [
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"cluster_id": [
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},
{
"text": "From looking, I haven't seen many Swap Force figures that work in Giants",
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1
],
"cluster_id": [
[
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]
},
{
"text": "but I did find that Super Gulp Pop Fizz which is a Swap Force character does work in Giants.",
"label": [
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}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/67554/Christine",
"score": 1
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "Basically the characters that were re-released in swap force work in giants such as twin blade chop chop, knockout terrafin, eruptor, super gulp pop fiz, big bang trigger happy, ninja stealth elf, anchorsaway gil grunt, mega ram spyro, and thorn horn camo.",
"label": [
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],
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},
{
"text": "Those are the ones i have that work",
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},
{
"text": "but im",
"label": [
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},
{
"text": "sure there's more.",
"label": [
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},
{
"text": "obviously none of the magnetic swappable figures will work since they didnt exhist when giants came out.",
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],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/71395/Brian",
"score": 1
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "Yeah but only the cores will work!",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
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]
]
},
{
"text": "The swappers won't work same as the cores in Giants work in spyros adventure but the Giants dont!",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
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],
"cluster_id": [
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]
},
{
"text": "(Cores are the little ones!)",
"label": [
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"cluster_id": [
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}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/95787/Viv",
"score": 1
}
}
] | {
"question": "I bought the Skylanders Giant starter pack for my son for Christmas. Now he asking for Swap Force characters. I read that the Giants characters will work in Swap Force, but will Swap Force characters work with the Giants game? I really don't want to spend the $ on another starter pack, so I am hoping just to add some of the Swap Force characters.",
"title": "Will swap force characters work with the giants game",
"forum": "gaming.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<skylanders>",
"link": "gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/144635",
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/63071/Robin"
} | 17_32 | [
[
"Some characters work for all 3 games. Not many Swap Force figures work in Giants. ",
"Certain Swap Force characters can work in Giants game."
]
] | {
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],
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} | [
2
] | [
[
"The community states that Swap Force characters do work in Giants.",
"While a user is implying the opposite."
]
] |
[
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "In the current version of the beta, the final quest is completed when you first obtain (build) a distress beacon.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "There are no further quests.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/12944/01d55",
"score": 10
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "The last (current) quest is just build the distress beacon.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
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]
]
},
{
"text": "Though, with the item you get from defeating the mother-ship you can build a metalwork station",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
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],
"cluster_id": [
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-1
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},
{
"text": "so you can make/do more things.",
"label": [
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"label_summ": [
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],
"cluster_id": [
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},
{
"text": "What I did was just get some coal and explore the universe.",
"label": [
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"cluster_id": [
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}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/65203/Blob",
"score": 2
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "Don't know if this is on time, but the UFO should be there ups in the sky.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "Try jumping to see it or use a bow to hit it and see the bar, it usally sticks to a player (Now) and it's fairly easy to kill.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/63769/Adrian",
"score": 1
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "Press \"E\" on the Distress Beacon",
"label": [
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],
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],
"cluster_id": [
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]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/65791/Helpful User",
"score": 1
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "Yeah, no more quest so far.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
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]
},
{
"text": "Now you need to get the molten core from mothership, for me it was full of penguin like creatures with some heavy weapons.(To",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
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],
"cluster_id": [
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]
},
{
"text": "defeat the mothership you need to place high stairs in the air to jump and hit the mothership).",
"label": [
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],
"label_summ": [
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],
"cluster_id": [
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},
{
"text": "With the molten core you build a new metalwork station and in that station you can upgrade de star map, is like a computer card.",
"label": [
0
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"label_summ": [
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],
"cluster_id": [
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]
},
{
"text": "Now you put that computer card in your conckpit and now you can go to tier 2 or B stars section, there you find new worlds with higer level threat and now you can build robots and high tech stuff, even a brain.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
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],
"cluster_id": [
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},
{
"text": "(I am just eploring this",
"label": [
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},
{
"text": "so I Dont know more).",
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}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/66312/user66312",
"score": 1
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "You can make another distress beacon.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "You still don't get any quests beyond this, but you DO need the item that the penguin ship drops for further building.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/63289/Deadman",
"score": 0
}
}
] | {
"question": "I've put distress beacon, then I haven't seen any UFO, just couple penguins, I've killed them and then there's happened nothing, no new quests etc. What should I do and/or what did I wrong? Should/can I summon UFO iteratively?",
"title": "New quests don't appear",
"forum": "gaming.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<starbound>",
"link": "gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/144943",
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/63230/Necronomicron"
} | 17_35 | [
[
"In the current version of beta, there are no further quests but you do need the item that the penguin ship drops. The UFO should be there up in the sky. ",
"In that version of the game, there are no further quests."
]
] | {
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} | [
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] | [
[
"The community being affirmative that there are no further quests."
]
] |
[
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "If you wear a pumpkin as helmet, the enderman won't be bothered either.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
1
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/50774/kutschkem",
"score": 7
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "Endermen tend to teleport in random occasions, when you look directly at them, and when you attack them.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "This will be a difficult task, but try not to look too closely at one when you approach it to improve your chances of taking a picture with one.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "As an alternative, you could press F5 twice to take a selfie next to an Enderman far off in the distance.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/61812/oldmud0",
"score": 5
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "If you are under the effects of an invisibility potion, the Endermen won't be able to see you; but as soon as you attack one, they will see you and attack you back.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
1
],
"cluster_id": [
[
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]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/63072/aman207",
"score": 5
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "Endermen do not being bothered if you do not look directly at him, but his legs.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
1
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "It not prevents him to teleport, but if you are quick enough, you can take a selfie before he start teleport.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
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],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
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}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/44405/Gabor Garami",
"score": 2
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "If all you want is a screenshot with him, Endermen won't become aggressive when you look at them in creative mode.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "You could start a temporary world in creative mode (or switch gamemodes with commands ), take your screenshot, and then switch back to survival.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
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]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/17179/IQAndreas",
"score": 2
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "This may already be answered, but you could also press F2",
"label": [
0
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"label_summ": [
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],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
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]
},
{
"text": "(It may be FN + F2 depending on your computer) once to take a screenshot of it.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "The screenshot will appear in the /appdata/Roaming/.minecraft/screenshots/ directory (If on windows) or /users/user/library/application support/minecraft/screenshots/ directory if on a mac.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/63459/joeybab3",
"score": 1
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "how about summoning him riding another entity that way he is controlled by the entity and also you can add slowness and summon them -1 under the ground so that the other entity gets cut off",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
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]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/63431/Khorps",
"score": 0
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "To make Enderman stay in one place, let go into cobwebs since they can't teleport while stuck in cobwebs.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "Here you will be able to build your Enderman.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "If you want to examine closely, wear a pumpkin on your head so Endermen won't be hostile when looking at you.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "You might have to examine it in third person since the pumpkin blocks some image.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "If you still can't do this, press F5 to take a screenshot of the Enderman.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/127996/Jim Jones",
"score": 0
}
}
] | {
"question": "I'm trying to draw a picture of an enderman but it keeps on teleporting...I want the enderman to stay so I can also stand beside in and press F5 then click fn then prt sc....Help?",
"title": "How to make an Enderman stay?",
"forum": "gaming.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<minecraft-java-edition>",
"link": "gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/145043",
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/63284/StarLight"
} | 17_36 | [
[
"If you wear a pumpkin as a helmet, the enderman won't be bothered. Don't look directly at him. If you are under the effects of an invisibility potion, the Endermen won't be able to see you. ",
"Endermen tend to teleport when there is eye contact. In order for them to stay unprovoked, the most common tactic is to get close without looking at them."
]
] | {
"rel_sent_not_in_cluster": [
false
],
"cluster_sents_not_matched": [
[]
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} | [
2
] | [
[
"The community proposes few ways to make an Enderman stay in one position."
]
] |
[
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "It depends on the mods-",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Some mods are client-side only, and can be used without others needing them.",
"label": [
1
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"label_summ": [
1
],
"cluster_id": [
[
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]
},
{
"text": "An example of this would be minimap mods such as Zan's or Rei's, UI mods such as NEI/TMI, or shader mods.",
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{
"text": "These mods don't add any new blocks or anything that your friend will be able to see-",
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-1
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},
{
"text": "They simply change things on your client.",
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},
{
"text": "Generally, if a mod adds new blocks or entities (such as tools or monsters) then it will only work if both you and your friend have it installed.",
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{
"text": "Other than that, a lot of mods will still work without your friend needing to install them too.",
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],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/67962/Viprus",
"score": 23
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "No, you can only play multiplayer if you have the same version of Minecraft and the same version of mods.",
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},
{
"text": "It is however fairly simple to install something like Feed the Beast and have multiple copies of Minecraft installed at the same time, this way your friend can have mods to play multiplayer and when he's playing alone he can play vanilla Minecraft without having problems with his save files.",
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{
"text": "As @dlras2 mentioned, it can work if you only have mods that are client side, like mini maps.",
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"text": "Basically anything that changes crafting or adds new blocks/items will not work without having the other player also having that mod (because all that is sent is \"Hey, make this item\" and the unmodded client will then go",
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},
{
"text": "\"I HAVE NO IDEA WHAT TO DO",
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},
{
"text": "AND I AM PANICKING\" and then probably crash)",
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"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/244/Elva",
"score": 13
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "It depends on whether they are client or server side mods.",
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{
"text": "Something like NEI ( Not enough items ) or a minimap is a client side mod.",
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{
"text": "These need to be installed only on the client.",
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},
{
"text": "They are things that add UI (User Interface) Elements.",
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{
"text": "Anything that adds items or mobs is a server side mod.",
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{
"text": "These need to be installed on both the server and the client.",
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{
"text": "So the short answer is maybe.",
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{
"text": "If you do not know which they are, please ask.",
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},
{
"text": "Hope this helps.",
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],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/67961/jacoman891",
"score": 6
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "It depends on what type of mod you are talking about, and whether you're are talking about LAN or actual servers.",
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},
{
"text": "If you're talking about LAN , then any mods that do not physically add anything into the game, such as TooManyItems , a minimap mod, or the shader mod , you should not encounter any problems.",
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],
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[
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},
{
"text": "But if it's a mod that adds new items, like RedPower , or BuildCraft , then you will start to encounter problems with LAN .",
"label": [
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},
{
"text": "If you're talking about an actual server, then any mods that do not add anything into the game, like I said above, ShaderMod , TooManyItems , and others, you will not encounter any problems.",
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},
{
"text": "Yet, if they're mods that add items and blocks into the game, like BuildCraft or RedPower , as long as your minecraft versions are the same you should not encounter any errors when trying to connect, yet, if you attempt to get one of the items in the mod out of a Creative inventory, or another inventory, you will be kicked from the server.",
"label": [
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],
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},
{
"text": "If you're talking about putting mods on the server, all players will have to have that mod client-side to connect.",
"label": [
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},
{
"text": "Long story short, If you're installing a client-side mod that doesn't add any new blocks, items, or entities, you'll be fine, If you get a mod that does add items, blocks, or entities, you will start to encounter some problems with LAN but you won't see as many on an acctual server.",
"label": [
0
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],
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},
{
"text": "If you are installing a server mod, all players will have to have that mod client-side to be able to connect.",
"label": [
0
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0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
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}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/68023/Jojodmo",
"score": 5
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "Here's an answer from a more technical standpoint with examples: A minimap plugin might work fine just on the client, without a piece on the server.",
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1
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[
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},
{
"text": "This would be a minimap that works fine without a \"server half\".",
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},
{
"text": "Similarly, a plugin that shows you how many hearts of HP probably won't need to be on the server, because the normal client already knows all that's needed for it to work.",
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},
{
"text": "Some plugins, such as RedPower2, or AE set a \"client must have\" flag (in forge).",
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},
{
"text": "This means that if the server has the mod running, the client must have it to play on the server.",
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},
{
"text": "If the client didn't have it, the client would probably crash because there are blocks it doesn't understand.",
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},
{
"text": "(slight over-simplification)",
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{
"text": "On the other hand, if a client has AE installed, it can still connect to a \"normal\" server, because the plugin on the client is smart enough to \"turn itself off\" if the server doesn't have AE.",
"label": [
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},
{
"text": "In theory you could also have the server turn off AE if an incompatible client connected, but this would be silly, since it means that anyone could disable that mod for everyone just by connecting with a \"bad\" client.",
"label": [
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},
{
"text": "Some plugins only run on the server, and the client doesn't care.",
"label": [
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},
{
"text": "These are usually plugins dealing with server permissions, message of the day, and plugins that do things when you make special signs.",
"label": [
0
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],
"cluster_id": [
[
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},
{
"text": "A few plugins will cause your client to crash if the plugin is only on the client.",
"label": [
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"text": "These are plugins that fundamentally change Minecraft so much that the server can't even talk to the client, or because the plugin changes vanilla blocks.",
"label": [
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},
{
"text": "Usually:",
"label": [
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},
{
"text": "*) If a plugin is for server admin, the client doesn't need it.",
"label": [
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],
"cluster_id": [
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},
{
"text": "*) If a plugin adds blocks, modded clients can connect to a vanilla server, but vanilla clients can NOT connect to a modded server.",
"label": [
0
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{
"text": "*) If the plugin is a small \"player helper\" such as a map, it will often work, no matter who has it.",
"label": [
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{
"text": "*) Those last three points are guidelines, and not solid rules.",
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],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/27599/Patrick M",
"score": 4
}
}
] | {
"question": "I'm wondering if I could play Minecraft with my friend. A modded Minecraft, only myself with mods and him without mods. Is it possible?",
"title": "Can my friend and I play minecraft together with different mods?",
"forum": "gaming.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<minecraft-java-edition><minecraft-mods>",
"link": "gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/152887",
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/67949/Asking12345678910"
} | 17_42 | [
[
"Some mods are client-side only, and can be used without others needing them. With other, you can only play multiplayer if you have the same version of Minecraft and the same version of mods. ",
"It is possible for two players to play Minecraft, using different mods, as long as those mods are client side only."
]
] | {
"rel_sent_not_in_cluster": [
false
],
"cluster_sents_not_matched": [
[]
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} | [
2
] | [
[
"The community states that client side mods don't have to downloaded by both players."
]
] |
[
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "In order to capture a portal by yourself, you need 2 L4 Resonators, 2 L5s, 2 L6s, one L7 and one L8.",
"label": [
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],
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},
{
"text": "When upgrading portals, you usually need one L7 and one L8 resonator.",
"label": [
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],
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],
"cluster_id": [
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},
{
"text": "So, a reasonable strategy will be to carry the same amount of resonators in each level, starting from L4.",
"label": [
1
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1
],
"cluster_id": [
[
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},
{
"text": "For example, if I have 200 resonators in each Level, I would be able to capture 100 portals and upgrade an additional 100.",
"label": [
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],
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],
"cluster_id": [
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},
{
"text": "If I tend more towards capturing and less towards upgrading, I could reduce the number of L7s and L8s.",
"label": [
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],
"cluster_id": [
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},
{
"text": "If I tend more towards upgrading (as most L8s should, actually), I could reduce the number of L4-L6 resonators.",
"label": [
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},
{
"text": "There are two reasons to carry lower level resonators: As a L8 player, lower level resonators are usually harder to come by.",
"label": [
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],
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},
{
"text": "So sometimes I compensated for the lack of L4s (compared to my L5s and L6s) with L3s or lower.",
"label": [
0
],
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0
],
"cluster_id": [
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},
{
"text": "Handing out equipment to lower level players (especially L5s, who still need L3 resonators in order to completely capture a portal by themselves).",
"label": [
0
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0
],
"cluster_id": [
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},
{
"text": "The ratio that worked best for me, after taking into account the various factors and the amount of use I had for each item level, is to have, for each L5 resonator:",
"label": [
0
],
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0
],
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[
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]
},
{
"text": "~2 lower level resonator (L1-L4), 1 L6 resonator, ~2 L7 resonators, ~2 L8 resonators.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
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},
{
"text": "I usually had",
"label": [
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},
{
"text": "~700 resonators in my inventory at any one time,",
"label": [
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],
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},
{
"text": "but I can't pretend to have a strategy behind that number.",
"label": [
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},
{
"text": "It",
"label": [
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},
{
"text": "just the average amount",
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},
{
"text": "the I carried.",
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}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/1720/idan315",
"score": 15
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "It depends on your play style and a bit on your environment.",
"label": [
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},
{
"text": "If you generally play alone, then it's actually easier to run out of low-level resonators since building up an empty portal on your own requires at least 4 resonators of level 5 or lower, and if there are other high level players around, you also don't get many low level resonators from hacks.",
"label": [
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},
{
"text": "They can easily be your scarcest resource!",
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],
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[
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]
},
{
"text": "But if you mostly play with high level friends, you can build up portals without ever needing low level resonators, so in that case you can probably discard everything below level 4 or 5.",
"label": [
0
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},
{
"text": "As for other stuff: power cubes are great, no matter the level.",
"label": [
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],
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[
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},
{
"text": "XMP bursters get so much stronger at the higher levels that the lower ones (say, below 6) aren't really worth your time.",
"label": [
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},
{
"text": "Whether you want to collect media is a matter of taste.",
"label": [
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},
{
"text": "Portal keys are always useful, except those from places you won't visit again.",
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],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/4372/Michael Borgwardt",
"score": 6
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "So dependent on strategy and local conditions.",
"label": [
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},
{
"text": "Here's what I do: 100 L1 + L4 100 L5 200 L6 200 L7",
"label": [
1
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],
"cluster_id": [
[
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},
{
"text": "300 L8 I think L1s are better than L2 or L3 because a fully deployed 87665511 portal is L4, so you can use L1s to get more L4s out of newly-captured portals.",
"label": [
0
],
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},
{
"text": "I seem to be able to keep in a roughly steady state with those conditions, but you should adjust to what your conditions are and what you find allows you to generally keep inventory stocked.",
"label": [
0
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},
{
"text": "This is also based on the fact that I'd like to be able to give away 50% of my resonators at any time to a teammate and still be able to operate effectively.",
"label": [
0
],
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}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/10301/Rob Simmons",
"score": 4
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "You can hack for lower level resonators as you deploy.",
"label": [
0
],
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],
"cluster_id": [
[
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]
]
},
{
"text": "I find I can deploy to level 4 (lvl 8, 7, 6, 6, 5, 5, empty, empty), glyph hack, and deploy the rest (lvl 4 or lower) without running out of lower level resonators.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
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],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
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]
},
{
"text": "As long as I hit the high level farms to restock lvl 5",
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0
],
"label_summ": [
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],
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[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "+ resonators, I never run out of resonators.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "For bursters I recycle anything lvl 5 or lower when I need XM.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "I also recycle lvl 7 and 8 resonators when I have significantly more than lvl 5 and 6 resonators.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
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},
{
"text": "It's been a good way to balance my inventory from home while working on recharger badge.",
"label": [
0
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[
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}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/97796/Matt",
"score": 2
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "I would focus on L4 and higher, because that's the minimum you need to capture a portal solo.",
"label": [
1
],
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0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "Given that L8 resonators are harder to come by as you need a L6 portal or higher to give L8 resonators, which means you need at least 2 people, I'd give priority to the L8 resonators.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
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],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
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]
},
{
"text": "Also because you will need them to create L8 portals.",
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],
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},
{
"text": "But if you have lots of active L8 players in your neighborhood and you often play together (often enough to nearly never need to capture portals solo), you should definitely focus on having many L8 and L7 resonators and only have L6, L5 and L4 as spare.",
"label": [
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],
"label_summ": [
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],
"cluster_id": [
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-1
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},
{
"text": "In fact, you could be focussing on bursters and keys more.",
"label": [
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],
"label_summ": [
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],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "As for bursters, I would recycle any bursters of level 3 and lower.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Level 4 bursters can be used effectively on a portal that has no shields anymore, so you can use spare L4 bursters to save on your higher bursters (but only if you have the luxury to have place for spare parts).",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
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]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/122553/LPChip",
"score": 2
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "If you can destroy 25 portals in one day, I suggest to keep atleat 100 L3, 100 L4 resonators.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
1
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "And if you regularly farm from 4 portals, I suggest to keep atleast 20 L8, 20 L7, and 40 L6, 40 L5 resonators.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "That makes total 320 resonator.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "And if you think the opposition can destroy more than you can hack, keep more than I suggested for farming.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
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]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/214022/Moosa Naeem",
"score": 0
}
}
] | {
"question": "Should a person keep lots of level 1's, or discard them for level 2's? Or do you skip those completely for levels 4-8? And at what proportion? When hacking and deploying, I wonder how many of the low level stuff I should carry. Just curious what others think or suggest",
"title": "As an ingress level 8 & the 2000 item limit, what's the best proportion of resonators to carry?",
"forum": "gaming.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<ingress>",
"link": "gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/156514",
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/69571/Pepper"
} | 17_43 | [
[
"A reasonable strategy will be to carry the same amount of resonators in each level, starting from L4. If you can destroy 25 portals in one day, I suggest to keep at least 100 L3, 100 L4 resonators. ",
"There are many tactics, regarding the proportion of resonators one should carry."
]
] | {
"rel_sent_not_in_cluster": [
false
],
"cluster_sents_not_matched": [
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} | [
2
] | [
[
"Few suggestions by the community."
]
] |
[
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "Some months ago I made a tool for this exact purpose.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "You can filter your library or wishlist by any combination of one or more tags and features, and also sort by your playtime or Metascore.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "You're welcome :) http://www.lorenzostanco.com/lab/steam/",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/101551/lorenzo-s",
"score": 112
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "You can filter games in your library using certain features by using Enhanced Steam (browser plugin for FF and Chrome).",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
1
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "You'll need to install the plugin to your browser, go to Steam website and enter the settings from the new Enhanced Steam dropdown.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Then enable Library (BETA, only available in Chrome), if it's not already enabled and go back to Steam's website.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "You should see a link to your library at the top of the page.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Click it and you can easily filter your library: Categories include the features you can see on the right on Store pages such as VR-support, local co-op, multiplayer and controller support.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Genres include, well, genres.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "The best way to search for games with tags is by going to the tag page ( http://store.steampowered.com/tag/<language>/<tag>/ where language is the shortcode for a country such as \"en\" for English or \"fi\" for Finnish) and browsing for games you own (Enhanced Steam can help you highlight those as well).",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "You can further filter those results by using the filters on the right.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/51318/3ventic",
"score": 10
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "Since the \"Discovery\" update a few days ago, the Steam store now marks games that are in your library on various search and store pages.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Here's me searching for the co-op and fps tags: The ones that are dimmed and have the 3 bar icon are games I already own.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Note: I'm using common tags to demonstrate how it works, you can search by less common tags using the search box.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "However, the library itself has not been changed to search by tag.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/87105/Powerlord",
"score": 3
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "This tool lets you filter your games by Singleplayer, Multiplayer, Co-op, Local co-op, Controller, Mac, and/or Linux.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "It can also let you filter an intersection of games between different accounts.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/71646/radomaj",
"score": 2
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "There is currently no way to filter the Steam Library by Steam Community tags or feature lists.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
1
],
"cluster_id": [
[
1
]
]
},
{
"text": "You can, however, apply a single category to every game through the context menu of the item in the library.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
2
]
]
},
{
"text": "Your games then get grouped by category.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/41081/user98085",
"score": 1
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "I found a tool that requires a little more work than the web-based ones above, but has an amazing amount of functionality.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Depressurizer will parse your Steam library and load it into the application for query and edit.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "You can sort / filter games by categories, tags, all sorts of stuff.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "You can automatically apply bulk label operations based on certain conditions, etc, then sync your changes back to your library.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "If you just want simple search, use one of the web-based ones in the other high-ranked answers.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "If you want powerful tag/category modification tools then definitely try Depressurizer.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/17522/James B",
"score": 1
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "Shameless plug, you can use my site to filter your single-player games by genre, metacritic score, and release year: https://www.howlongtobeatsteam.com .",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Just go to the table at the bottom and click \"Advanced Filter\".",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "You can then sort the results by playtime if you're so inclined.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/66943/Ohad Schneider",
"score": 0
}
}
] | {
"question": "I can look through the \"Store\" portion of Steam using tags, and I can also do an advanced-search on certain features like local co-op support. But for some reason, when I do this I can't tell which games I already own, and I don't seem to be able to do the same search / filter when viewing my library. Am I missing an option somewhere? It seems like a no-brainer to be allowed to do this.",
"title": "Can I filter my Steam library by tags or features?",
"forum": "gaming.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<steam>",
"link": "gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/159350",
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/17522/James B"
} | 17_44 | [
[
"You can filter games in your library using certain features by using Enhanced Steam (browser plugin for FF and Chrome). However, there is currently no way to filter the Steam Library by Steam Community tags or feature lists. ",
"While it seems impossible to sort Steam library by tags or features, there is an option to manually tag and sort games in library."
]
] | {
"rel_sent_not_in_cluster": [
false
],
"cluster_sents_not_matched": [
[]
]
} | [
2
] | [
[
"A user is implying that plug ins are in need.",
"While someone else is suggesting that there is no way to such a thing.",
"On the other hand, it seems that Steam offers a similar option."
]
] |
[
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "Join the Princess Bell Covenant, and wear the ring the little guy gives you.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Beat the invaders and you will get a chunk every time you succeed.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "It was the first covenant I joined.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "It was really fun",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "and I now have 50 chucks because of it",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/71634/Soltara of the first flam",
"score": 11
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "It's a little late in the game, but the Black Gulch is a good area to farm titanite chunks and large titanite pieces.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
1
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "The best part is, there is close to zero risk of you dying from this, once you get the hang of it.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Shoot the black tar pits with a fire arrow , and the creatures will die from fire.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "When they are dead, run up, collect items, and repeat.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Use a bonfire Ascetic at the first bonfire, to get the mobs to respawn.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "You can shoot at the tar pits a little after the first bonfire.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "If you use a bonfire Ascetic at the second bonfire, the boss will respawn, but not the mobs.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "To farm the second area, stand at the exit of the second bonfire, and you can ignite the 5-6 tar pits quickly and easily.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Best part is, when you replay it in NG + later games, this will not make the area significantly harder, because you can use the same cheesy tactic, to take out the mobs, without danger to yourself.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "This will also net you quite a lot of souls.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Remember to equip the Jester's cap : http://darksouls2.wikidot.com/jester-s-cap +",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Covetous Gold Serpent Ring : http://darksouls2.wikidot.com/covetous-gold-serpent-ring",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/71021/Thorst",
"score": 4
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "I'm not sure the drop rate, but if you don't want to join a covenant, I managed to get a chunk off one of the dwarfs in Gyrm's Respite.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
1
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "If i remember correctly it was the Shield Type.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/71635/user71635",
"score": 2
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "In Brightstone Cove Tseldora, you can farm the peasant farmers for titanite shards/chunks.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
1
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "Better drop rate than dark wraiths in DS1 too, haha",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/71711/guest8888",
"score": 1
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "Use the bonfire ascetic in cardinal tower,in the room with 4 big crossbow pointing at you,below is a chest that will contain 3 titanite chunk,if you wish to repeat you must defeat the giant and the pursuer again..",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/71753/Muchhhjjjj",
"score": 1
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "I don't know about early game, but if you beat the game, you can buy infinite from stone trader Chloanne.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/157885/Peaceful8",
"score": 1
}
}
] | {
"question": "Where can you farm Titanite Chunks in Dark Souls II? Titanite Chunks can ascend +7 weapons to +9. There do not seem to be any chunks accessible early in the game, where can I farm this item?",
"title": "Where can I farm Titanite Chunks?",
"forum": "gaming.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<dark-souls-2>",
"link": "gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/159792",
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/45820/Mondrianaire"
} | 17_45 | [
[
"It's a little late in the game, but the Black Gulch is a good area to farm titanite chunks and large titanite pieces. You can also try the dwarves in Gyrm's Respite and farm the peasant farmers in Brightstone Cove Tseldora.",
"Some locations, such as Brightstone Cover Tseldora, offer drops like titanite chunks."
]
] | {
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false
],
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]
} | [
2
] | [
[
"The community suggests few locations."
]
] |
[
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "You can use NBTExplorer for this.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
1
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "Why?",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Because the command(s) you had in your command blocks are stored in the NBT data of the command block.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Using NBTExplorer, you can find the command block, but only if: you remember all or a part of the command written in it the command in it isn't in too many other blocks in the world If you do not know any part of the command being run, try typing \" @ \", \" / \" or \" \" into the search box.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "(Thanks to @MBraedley for the notice) How to install NBTExplorer: You will have to have .NET",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "framework 2.0 (or higher) to run the program.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "You can download the installer for Windows (and Linux with mono-core and mono-winforms packages installed) here and here for Mac.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "After downloading, unzip the .zip file (I recommend doing so to do this in a new folder).",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Then run the program labeled \"NBTExplorer.exe\" How to use NBTExplorer One",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "you have installed the application, run it.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Then proceed by these steps: Click on File in the upper tab and then select Open Minecraft Save Folder (not needed in newer versions) Select your world from the GUI.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Double click on it after it shows in the window, and then single-click (select) the folder \"region\": If you look inside it (not needed)",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": ", you should see files labeled",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "*.mca",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "or *.mcr",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": ", for example \"r.0.1.mcr\" Click Search in the upper tab and then Find in the list that appears: A window named \"Find\" will pop up.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Inside will be two checkboxes and two text areas next to them.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Check both boxes.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "In the first empty text box, enter \"Command\".",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "In the second one, type any part of the command in your command block you remember.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "I guess that you used the command \" time set day \".",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "If so, enter that command into the box.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Else enter any part of the command you remember: Click on Find or press Enter on your keyboard.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "After a while (depending on your world size, from seconds to minutes), your search will return a result (the first it found) - it will show you the full command, the coordinates and some more NBT data of the command block with the command you searched for: My testing world (the map The Dropper) didn't have the command \" time set day \" anywhere, so instead I searched for /spawnpoint",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": ": If this is the command block you searched for, take the coordinates it gave you (X, Y, Z) and teleport to them in Minecraft by /tp @p",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "X Y Z .",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "If the command block it found is not the one you searched for, press Search on the upper tab, and then press Find next in the list that pops up:",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Then, repeat steps 5-7 until you find your command block!",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "If the program didn't find the wanted result, try searching for something else (eg.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "just time set instead of time set day ).",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "For further reference, here are some links: Minecraft Forum NBTExplorer post and FAQ Minecraft Wiki: NBT tags",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Windows/Linux and Mac download links GitHub project page Edit:",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "A very simmilar answer by MrLemon",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/143228/RudolfJelin",
"score": 18
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "Download MCEdit and select the region",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "you think the command block is in.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Then use the search option for ID 137 (command block).",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/72500/CraftByte",
"score": 4
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "I've never used MCEdit.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "However, here might be a couple tips: If you've spent a lot of time in that chunk, or near it, press f3 to open debug info and check the regional difficulty.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Regional difficulty tells you how much time you've spent in that chunk, since Minecraft makes it more difficult if you've spend more time in a chunk.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "If your command block is underground (as in surrounded by masses of stone) or just buried somewhere, type in /gamemode 3 to launch Spectator Mode.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Spectator Mode allows you to go through blocks - when you're inside a block, other blocks are hidden unless there's an opening (hard to explain).",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "You can try it yourself.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "If your command block is in some giant mass of blocks, you should be able to find it like that quickly.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "I might be wrong, but I'm pretty sure that command blocks don't load chunks.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "(If they do, correct me.)",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Turn on command block chat outputs and turn render chunks on to a high.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "If you get the outputs, then set it lower and poke around until you find the right chunk.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Hopefully these help you!",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/169173/C. Yang",
"score": 4
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "Losing Command Blocks can be problematic.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "I would first try using /gamemode spectator to look around and fly through your world before downloading MCEdit Unified (which is well-respected community branch maintained of MCEdit) and searching around.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
1
]
]
},
{
"text": "In MCEdit Unified: Open your world (level.dat) Press TAB to switch to Chunk View RIGHT-CLICK and HOLD to move around your world until you see some yellow outlines Use the MOUSEWHEEL to zoom and center on your chosen area Press TAB to switch back to Camera View Use WASD and your MOUSE to fly around to locate your block",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Delete the block in MCEdit (click to select, a menu will open) or open your world to get rid of it Good luck. :)",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/169233/Moesh",
"score": 3
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "look in your logs.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
1
],
"cluster_id": [
[
2
]
]
},
{
"text": "it logs the xyz location and command of the command block, every time it issues a command",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/210352/rob",
"score": 1
}
}
] | {
"question": "I've placed a command block making it day all the time. I want to turn it off, but I've lost it. What's the quickest way to find it?",
"title": "I've lost a command block, how can I find it?",
"forum": "gaming.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<minecraft-java-edition><minecraft-commands>",
"link": "gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/161304",
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/72455/HEEEELP"
} | 17_47 | [
[
"Look in your logs and use NBTExplorer.",
"While there are many ways to find a missing block, it seems that it is possible to do so, without using any third party software."
]
] | {
"rel_sent_not_in_cluster": [
false
],
"cluster_sents_not_matched": [
[]
]
} | [
2
] | [
[
"A user is proposing a third party software.",
"While someone else is suggesting an in game way to tackle the problem.",
"On the other hand, one user points that you can always check the log files."
]
] |
[
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "http://forum.supercell.net/showthread.php/237478-Clan-Wars-FEEDBACK-here Official answer from Supercell.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Scroll down to about mid page.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "War map rank is determined by overall defense.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
1
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "Once a match is found, players are sorted on the map from strongest to weakest, in terms of defence power of their base, i.e., defense levels, hero levels, traps, etc.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "We do not take TH levels into account.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Instead, we only use overall strength of all defence elements in player’s village.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "For example, a TH8 with higher level defenses than a TH9 will be ranked higher than the TH9 in the war map.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/80963/user80963",
"score": 25
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "The bases are ordered from highest to lowest strength.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
1
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "Strength is based on each member’s attacking power this includes available types and levels of troops, army camp capacity, spells and heroes.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Along with your defensive strength, which includes defensive buildings, walls, traps and heroes.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Your position has nothing to do with your trophies, Player level, Town Hall level, Achievements, or EXP.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/77311/Jonco98",
"score": 21
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "So as I understand it, rank is based on what defenses you have (defensive buildings, heroes, walls), and not the way in which they are laid out.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "It has nothing to do with player level, although level gives you a rough estimate of a player's total progress through the game in terms of buildings and achievements.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "So basically, moving things around on your base to improve your layout won't help your war ranking, only upgrading or building new defenses will do so.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/80975/Lord Weston",
"score": 6
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "Your clan rank in a war is determined by your defence strength, that is calculated by the cost of your highest upgrades and total cost excluding walls.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "I have the highest level but am 7th in my clan",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/80176/Toploader",
"score": 2
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "The way I understand it is your trophy count gets you into the war, then the strength of your base defence determines where you rank in the clan war map.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "For example, your clan has 50 members and you go to war with a clan that has 40, then the war will be 40v40.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "The top 40 players in your clan (ranked by trophy count) will join the war, the remaining 10 will be spectators.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Then the 40 players fighting for your clan will be ranked 1-40 on the war map based on the strength of base defence regardless of trophy count.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Hope this helps A co-leader has the right to select whom from his clan are participating in the clan war.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "But there must always be either a round number or a number between 1-50 with five at the end.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/81173/Bob",
"score": 1
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "Clan War position depends on your defense strength.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
1
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "Not the level, not the trophies, but HOW GOOD YOUR DEFENSE IS. :)",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/77854/Arnold",
"score": 0
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "Okay the top two answers say most of it for the question",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "but I would like to add a point.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "So if there are two players in war with the exact same defenses, they would further be differentiated on the basis of their league or trophies or xp.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "How are clan war positions determined when identical bases are present in war?",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Happy Clashing!",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/171549/Mehravish Temkar",
"score": 0
}
}
] | {
"question": "I am #10 in my clan (cause I'm farming) but I am #2 in clan wars. I don't have the strongest troops in my clan. I'm just wondering how the order is set up, the only thing i can think of is that it is based off of your defense, but I'm not sure. Anyone know?",
"title": "How is Clan War Map position determined?",
"forum": "gaming.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<clash-of-clans>",
"link": "gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/168192",
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/76664/Andy"
} | 18_4 | [
[
"War map rank is determined by overall defense. The bases are ordered from highest to lowest strength. ",
"It is stated that there is a specific formula which dictates the position in clan wars."
]
] | {
"rel_sent_not_in_cluster": [
false
],
"cluster_sents_not_matched": [
[]
]
} | [
2
] | [
[
"Details regarding how war map rank is working."
]
] |
[
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "Any form of light except sunlight will melt nearby ice.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "Specifically, ice will melt in a light level of over 11, so torches will melt ice 3 blocks away.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Placing a block anywhere above the water will also stop it from freezing (although not melt it if it is already frozen), so long as the water is not exposed directly to the sky.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Ice will not hydrate farmland.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "However water has a 9*9 area in which it hydrates farmland, so you don't need a water source next to each crop.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Also, crops can grow even on dry farmland, just at a slower rate.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/54474/SirBenet",
"score": 52
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "Only full water blocks will freeze.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "However, flowing water will still hydrate nearby crops.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "So you can place a single block of water at one end of your trench, and it will hydrate all your crops, and it will never freeze because of the torch.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
1
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "A pumpkin torch placed under a water block will also prevent it from freezing.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
1
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "An added benefit of this system is that any items which fall in the water will be swept to one end for easy collection.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Taken to the logical conclusion you get this: Only the four full water blocks (two in the middle of each row) can possibly freeze, and the pumpkin torches underneath them",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "prevent that.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "The normal torches are only to prevent monsters spawning.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "The stone paths prevent animal spawns and are sunken so that you can wall-strafe to quickly harvest without accidentally walking on the crops.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
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-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "This isn't a space-efficient or material-efficient farm layout, but once built it is very time-efficient and low-maintenance.",
"label": [
0
],
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0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
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]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/56343/Alistair Buxton",
"score": 20
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "No, ice is unable to hydrate crops.",
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{
"text": "I suggest placing torches directly next to the water to melt it, all artificial sources of light can melt ice.",
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1
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],
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}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/77374/Non-Master Race",
"score": 6
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "if you have the resources, you can put glass under the water and torches underneath the glass.",
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1
],
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0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "you can also just use glowstone under the water.",
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1
],
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0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
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]
},
{
"text": "It will look nicer than placing torches everywhere",
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-1
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}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/77670/Knight",
"score": 1
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "A good idea is to place some torches, glowstone, Jackolanterns, or the 1.8 block, sea lanterns, directly next to the ice.",
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1
],
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0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
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]
},
{
"text": "Any form of light will work, except the sunlight when it is day time.",
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0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "By the way, if the only way to get water is far away, flowing water can also hydrate the crops, so using only 1-2 water buckets is fine.",
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0
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],
"cluster_id": [
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},
{
"text": "Crops CAN grow with no water, but you have to be quick placing the crops on dry farmland, since it will die out very fast.",
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],
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},
{
"text": "Hope this helped :)",
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],
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],
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[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/92574/Tails9",
"score": 1
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "Try to put some ice blocks above the water,because blocks of water below the surface water won't freeze.",
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1
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/117102/John",
"score": 0
}
}
] | {
"question": "In one of my worlds I built a house on the top of a mountain. When starting to build a wheat farm, I found out that the water keeps freezing, and I have to break the ice blocks: Does wheat grow even if it is near ice instead of water? If not, how can I prevent the water from freezing?",
"title": "How to prevent water from freezing",
"forum": "gaming.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<minecraft-java-edition>",
"link": "gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/169352",
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/None/"
} | 18_7 | [
[
"Artificial light can't melt ice. Try placing a pumpkin torch under a water block to prevent it from freezing.",
"The most common way to keep water warm, in Minecraft, is to place nearby a light source."
]
] | {
"rel_sent_not_in_cluster": [
false
],
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2
] | [
[
"The community suggests ways to deal with this problem."
]
] |
[
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "No, you'll just earn 6 cards (1 legendary and 5 'commons').",
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],
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1
],
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[
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]
},
{
"text": "Cards you'll earn : Haunted Creeper good for a zoo deck (it's a deck with low cost cards and very agressive)",
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],
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],
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},
{
"text": "you'll earn this if you beat Anub'Rekhan in normal.",
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],
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],
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},
{
"text": "Nerub'ar Weblord good for counter battlecry, you'll earn this if you beat Faerlina in normal.",
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],
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],
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},
{
"text": "Nerubian Egg",
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],
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],
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-1
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]
},
{
"text": "it'll combo with a solfurie or an Argus, because if you destroy it, you'll earn a nerubian (it's a 4/4 cards)",
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],
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],
"cluster_id": [
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},
{
"text": ", you'll earn this if you beat Maexxna in normal.",
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],
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]
},
{
"text": "Maexxna",
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],
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],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
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]
},
{
"text": "she destroy any card she attacked, it can be usefull if you play Anduin Wrynn because he can heal Maexxna.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "You'll earn this if you beat all the 3 boss in normal and you'll unlock heroic and druid and rogue class challenges.",
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0
],
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],
"cluster_id": [
[
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]
]
},
{
"text": "Poison Seeds : destroy all monsters on the battlefield and give treants 2/2 for each destroyed monster.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
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],
"cluster_id": [
[
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},
{
"text": "Can combo with a druid token.",
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0
],
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],
"cluster_id": [
[
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]
]
},
{
"text": "Unlock when you finish the druid class challenge.",
"label": [
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],
"label_summ": [
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],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
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]
},
{
"text": "Anub'ar Ambusher",
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],
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],
"cluster_id": [
[
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]
]
},
{
"text": "a 5/5 for 4 mana but with a Deathrattle (Return a random friendly monster in your hand) can combo with Si 7.",
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],
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],
"cluster_id": [
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-1
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]
},
{
"text": "Unlock when you finish the rogue class challenge.",
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],
"label_summ": [
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],
"cluster_id": [
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]
},
{
"text": "You can find many others information on the wiki : http://hearthstone.gamepedia.com/Curse_of_Naxxramas",
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}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/83186/Phoke",
"score": 6
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "If you have the \"Win 7 games in any mode\" quest, Solo Adventure matches count, which includes Naxxramas.",
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0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "So if you're just looking for a quick way to win against a known deck, bumrushing Maexxna with a charge deck is gonna be an easy way to get your 7 wins.",
"label": [
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],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
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]
},
{
"text": "Beyond that, there is no reason to replay the wing.",
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1
],
"label_summ": [
1
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
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]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/336/Raven Dreamer",
"score": 6
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "Currently, no.",
"label": [
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],
"label_summ": [
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],
"cluster_id": [
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},
{
"text": "Once you earn all of the rewards for the quarter, there is no point in going back and replaying them.",
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"cluster_id": [
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},
{
"text": "I would assume that at some point in the future, people will do races to see who can go through Naxxramas the fastest or something along those lines.",
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}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/73403/FoxMcCloud",
"score": 2
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "You can always try to challenge yourself with building different kinds of decks that will beat the bosses in heroic mode (or normal mode).",
"label": [
0
],
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],
"cluster_id": [
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]
},
{
"text": "To start with, one deck of each class.",
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],
"cluster_id": [
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]
},
{
"text": "If you manage that, you can try imposing other limitations on yourself (only rush, only control, etc.).",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
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]
},
{
"text": "That way you can make many different interesting challenges.",
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],
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],
"cluster_id": [
[
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]
},
{
"text": "Your imagination is the limit.",
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],
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]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/50366/Hjulle",
"score": 2
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "How about replaying it for fun ?",
"label": [
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},
{
"text": "That is why we play games in the first place. 'Replay value' can mean worth generated or entertainment gained.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
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]
},
{
"text": "Single player games such as roguelikes have lots of replay value without giving any permanent advantage to the player.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Challenges: Use only basic cards.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Or only basic+common.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Etc.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "( credit:Sisk )",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Use your default deck.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Use random pick deck.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "(probably not for hard level) Complete with every class.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Complete with only one deck.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "(choose deck and class at the start) If you played Naxxramas just for the cards of course it will have no replay value.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/2923/AnnanFay",
"score": 2
}
}
] | {
"question": "The first playthrough of the normal mode bosses and the class challenges gives you new cards for your deck(s).And the first complete playthrough on heroic mode gives you a new card back. But is there any reason to replay the new solo adventure after you have cleared it one time?",
"title": "Is there any replay value in the Curse of Naxxramas solo adventure?",
"forum": "gaming.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<hearthstone>",
"link": "gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/178022",
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/57143/Raidri supports Monica"
} | 18_11 | [
[
"You'll earn 6 cards. There is no reason to replay the wing.",
"There isn't any reason to replay the Curse of Naxxramas wing."
]
] | {
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false
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2
] | [
[
"Players stating there's no replay value to Curse of Naxxramas solo adventure."
]
] |
[
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "Lets look at what is required to get to level 25+ Chart Source",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "The received Experience Points are calculated at the end of each game; wins are worth more than losses, and the longer the game lasts, the more XP you gain.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Assuming an average XP gain to be about 110 XP per normal game, one can reach summoner level 25 within 246 normal games.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Using XP boosts will double the amount of XP you recieve.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "So, lets assume someone got the maximum XP which for winning a normal game will be around 200 + the use of XP boosts = 400 xp per win.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "One can get to 25 in 68 games.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Source",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "However, it is important to note that depending on where you are looking will depend on what information is shown to you.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "For example, if you are seeing the 10 wins from a summoner at the end of a normal game then it will only show the stats from winning normals.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "This means it won't show any stats for winning any other mode (Dominion, ARAM, CO-OP vs AI, custom games).",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "It is quite possible that someone could reach 25 through playing only Dominion, ARAM etc games and has only played around 20 games of normal.",
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0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "For you to get a real idea of how many games someone has played I would recommend using lolking.net .",
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0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
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]
},
{
"text": "It should show all the games someone has played in which mode, their wins, losses and many other statistics.",
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0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/77936/Simon M",
"score": 15
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "There are basically two ways to achieve this: The first would be by just playing other Queues than normal 5v5.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
1
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "Other Game queues aren't listed as \"wins\" and thus the low amount of won games in normals.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "The second method is rather weird and requires him to really be losing all the time.",
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0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "This would require a incredible high amount of games for him to lose which is highly unlikely to happen.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
1
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "Either way there is no \"hacking\" or \"exploiting\" involved.",
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0
],
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],
"cluster_id": [
[
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]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/64410/Jutschge",
"score": 5
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "You pretty much answered your own question.",
"label": [
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],
"cluster_id": [
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},
{
"text": "They could be playing with bots, losing a lot, or perhaps even using experience boosts.",
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1
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"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/52519/TerryA",
"score": 2
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "Based on the Wiki : There is both a minimum and a maximum amount of XP and IP",
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0
],
"label_summ": [
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],
"cluster_id": [
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-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "a player can get from a game.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Current (July 2011) formula for XP winning a Normal game at level 15-19 is roughly 3m+25, where m is the number of minutes the game lasts, capped at 198.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
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-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Intermediate Bot games at level 10-14 use the same formula.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "At level 15-19, Intermediate Bot games subtract a 25% penalty from that formula, and give XP for only the first 180 minutes a day of play.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Also, from the table on that article, Level 25 can be reached from 27020 Cumulative EXP.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Even with an XP Boost and the cap, it will take around 60+ games before you reach the needed XP.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Maybe you're only looking at the Summoner's Rift stats.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Try looking at his stats on other games ( Twisted Treeline, Dominion )",
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0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/80437/Randomizer",
"score": 2
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "The wins that appears on the screen only counts the normal game (or ranked wins if you already played a few).",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "I know people that has 3 wins being lvl 30.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "They only play vs AI so its possible to achieve a lvl 30 account without a single normal game win",
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1
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/76132/Oscar Picchi",
"score": 1
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "Bots, ARAM, Dominion, other special modes (URF, Doom Bots, etc) and Team Builder (This one they are working on including it in the future).",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
1
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "All give XP but do not count as normal games.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/18697/Halfwarr",
"score": 1
}
}
] | {
"question": "I noticed some players with very few wins but their level is about 25. How is this possible? Do they play with bots? Or do they really almost never win? Or do they play incredibly well?",
"title": "How can players with 10 victories be level 25 in League of Legends?",
"forum": "gaming.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<league-of-legends>",
"link": "gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/179135",
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/83829/cadmy"
} | 18_13 | [
[
"There are two ways to achieve this: play other Queues than normal, use Team Builder and Dominion. This would require a lot of games.",
"It seems that you can have few victories and be high level, in League of Legends, but in order to do that you'll have to play other modes."
]
] | {
"rel_sent_not_in_cluster": [
false
],
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[]
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} | [
2
] | [
[
"The community explains how this could happen."
]
] |
[
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "As of the release of today's Hoxton Revenge the traitor is: Hector.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "Some additional notes about the traitor:",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "It seems that he was coerced into providing information for the FBI and he didn't really have a way out.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "From the 3 tapes you can find across the map , they all imply that the FBI would hound Hector unless he provided the right info.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "And that on each of his jobs: Firestarter's Day 1 had cops conveniently in the area where you are going to get weapons.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "On Day 2, for some reason you'll need to infiltrate an FBI Headquarters.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "and On Rats Day 1, after entering the meth lab, the cops come right away, literally arriving on the scene immediately.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Too fishy to be a coincidence",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "right?",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "On Rats Day 2, when you visit the other gang's location, cops are also there \"conveniently\" looking for that gang.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "as well as Watchdogs was a set up, since on Day 1 you are surrounded by law enforcers.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "This is also revealed in the tapes you find throughout the house .",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "On Day 2 additionally the truck is already surrounded by cops at the start of the heist.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/18916/korrasaur",
"score": 5
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "It is not yet known who ratted out old Hoxton.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
1
],
"cluster_id": [
[
1
]
]
},
{
"text": "On the second day, you break into an FBI office to steal some information.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "According to the Payday Wiki : [...] he [old Hoxton] has just recently acquired and decrypted several classified FBIfiles regarding the background and criminal history of Dallas alongwith Wolf, Chains and himself.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "The files are being put together for anupcoming release, though it is not explained if the files are aboutthe previous heister or the current one.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "I guess we will find out who the rat is eventually, and get some missions to deal with him.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/49182/5pike",
"score": 3
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "It's definitely NOT Matt.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Hoxton says in day 1 that he's already taken care of him if you listen to his dialogue while he's in the back of the truck.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "It could be the dentist, the elephant, Vlad, or even Gage, Bain or one of the crew.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Could be the upcoming female heister, too.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "They haven't said she's part of the team yet.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Who knows?",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Just have to wait and see.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/91172/piggie pete",
"score": 3
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "As of right now, it's unknown who the traitor is .",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Hoxton knows he was sold out, but doesn't know who did it.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "In the second day of the Hoxton Breakout heist, you break into the FBI Headquarters and Hoxton hacks and steals his case files.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "In this second day, he finds information that confirms he was ratted out, and there is indeed a traitor.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Certain events on this day are randomly generated, and one of these randomly generated events involves getting the traitor's DNA from an evidence room.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "But the traitor's identity is still not revealed.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "At the end of this day, you grab the server and carry it to the getaway car; Hoxton says he will go through the data later, and find out who betrayed the group.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Currently, Payday 2 is doing a Spring Break special, with updates almost every day until March 21.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "One of these updates will be releasing the Hoxton Revenge Heist .",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "In this heist, it will be revealed who the traitor is.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "There's only four days left of the Spring Break updates, so we'll be finding who the Traitor is very soon.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/88773/OTTERMATIC",
"score": 3
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "I think the traitor might work with the Dentist, because the Dentist could just make Dallas work for him after he offered to help break Hoxton out.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
1
],
"cluster_id": [
[
1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/97838/GeoStreber",
"score": 1
}
}
] | {
"question": "Throughout the mission \"Hoxton Breakout\", Old Hoxton keeps saying lines like \"I know who fucking sold me out\", \"There's a traitor already deep within our group\". Does he ever reveal who the traitor is? I haven't completed Second Day yet because it's so hard.",
"title": "Who was the traitor that sold out Old Hoxton?",
"forum": "gaming.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<payday-2>",
"link": "gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/189670",
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/18916/korrasaur"
} | 18_17 | [
[
"The traitor might work with the Dentist. It is not yet known who ratted out Hoxton.",
"Considering Hoxton Revenge, the traitor seem to be Hector, but few people are still unaware of the traitor."
]
] | {
"rel_sent_not_in_cluster": [
false
],
"cluster_sents_not_matched": [
[]
]
} | [
2
] | [
[
"A user is stating who the traitor is.",
"While others imply that the traitor is unknown."
]
] |
[
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "(Xbox 360)",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "You have to open the game first.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Once in the main menu hit start then click on \"add ons\".",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "If you don't have the DLC it shouldn't display on that menu.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/91398/zombieatmore",
"score": 4
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "I don't know about console and pirated Skyrims, so I'm going to answer for the PC version:",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "As the game activates on steam, you can just right-click the game in your Steam library and choose to show DLC.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
1
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "It's that simple.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/101452/Izzo",
"score": 2
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "Without opening Skyrim, you can go to %skyrimfolder%/Data and see if there is a file called \"Dawnguard.esp\".",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "If you open Skyrim and go to the data manager (the default one's name escapes me, but this will work with any mod manager)",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "you should also see that file as an option to be loaded.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "The same is true for the other expansions.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Alternatively, if you are ingame, if you have Dawnguard the most obvious sign is that you will get a quest called \"Dawnguard\" as the opening breadcrumb quest, and hold guards will incessantly say \"Heard they're reforming the Dawnguard!",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Was thinking of joining up myself.\"",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/72049/IllusiveBrian",
"score": 1
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "If you want to check to see if you have purchased it already, go to the Dawnguard page on Xbox.com.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
1
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "If you are logged into the Microsoft Account tied to your GamerTag, it will say \"Already Purchased\" if you have bought it already.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "You can also search the store from the console to see if you have bought it already.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "To see if you have it downloaded, you can do as @deutschZuid suggested in the comments:",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Go to Console Settings -> Storage, look for Skyrim in the list, and select it.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Dawnguard will be in the list if it is downloaded to your console.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/461/Adeese",
"score": 1
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "For an in-game solution, you can just travel to Fort Dawnguard and see if it's there.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "You don't need to wait to be attacked by vampires or approached by the Dawngaurd to visit their fort.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "I've created a new character and traveled directly there from Helgen before.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/108003/DCShannon",
"score": 1
}
}
] | {
"question": "I'm not sure if I do or do not have the Dawnguard DLC. A lot of people say you have to be in Skyrim to see if you do; is there way I can find out if I have Dawnguard?",
"title": "How do I tell if I have the Dawnguard DLC on Xbox 360?",
"forum": "gaming.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<the-elder-scrolls-5-skyrim><xbox-360>",
"link": "gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/210009",
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/105659/Ethanlynch"
} | 18_20 | [
[
"As the game activates on steam, you can just right-click the game in your Steam library and choose to show DLC. You can also check if you purchased it, go to the Dawnguard page on Xbox.com.",
"You can check if you own a specific DLC by many ways, such as checking the store page. It all comes down to whether you are using a console or PC."
]
] | {
"rel_sent_not_in_cluster": [
false
],
"cluster_sents_not_matched": [
[]
]
} | [
2
] | [
[
"Few ways that ownership of Dawnguard DLC can be checked."
]
] |
[
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "For the Browser version, any area with enough intersecting streets will work.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
1
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "For the Mobile App version I actually found a good reference at this Mashable article : 1.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Times Square, NY Clue: Don't drop the ball on the eve of your victory!",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "2.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Arc de Triomphe, Paris",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Clue: Triumph is délicieux.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "3.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Batu Caves, Kuala Lumpur Clue: Does a Galaxian bonus await at the top of those 272 steps? 4.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Plaza de la República, Buenos Aires",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Clue:",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Chomp your way to independence down seven lanes of July.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "5.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Niagara Falls, Ontario Clue: PAC-MAN and Ms. PAC-MAN can't agree on which side is prettier: the American or the Canadian.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Which side do you fall on, eh? 6.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Aman Square, Ad Doqi Clue: After a chat with the Sphinx, PAC-MAN sounds more like \"Dokki Dokki\".",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "7.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Fraumünster Church, Zurich",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Clue:",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Pause game play to admire Chagall's stained glass windows and have a bit of chocolate.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "8.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Googleplex, California Clue:",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Can you score 10^(10^100) points?",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "9.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Hanover Square, London Clue: Whether they're flashing blue or sporting their natural colors, Blinky, Pinky, Inky, and Clyde are always kakkoii.",
"label": [
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],
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},
{
"text": "Even Vogue agrees they're living in the trendiest of neighborhoods.",
"label": [
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},
{
"text": "10.",
"label": [
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],
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{
"text": "Taj Mahal, Uttar Pradesh Clue: Previous PAC-MAN lives don't get to rest in a white marble mausoleum.",
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],
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},
{
"text": "11.",
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},
{
"text": "Metropolitan Art Institute, Phoenix",
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},
{
"text": "Clue:",
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},
{
"text": "Head to the valley of the sun and earn your grade in the art of the game. 12.",
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],
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0
],
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{
"text": "Plaza Del Ejecutivo, Mexico City Clue:",
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],
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0
],
"cluster_id": [
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},
{
"text": "How well can you navigate the radiating streets of the distrito federal?",
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],
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},
{
"text": "13.",
"label": [
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},
{
"text": "Neues Rathaus, Munich",
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],
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},
{
"text": "Clue: Victory is like gothic glockenspiel musik to our ears.",
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],
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{
"text": "14.",
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},
{
"text": "Victoria Square, Adelaide Clue: Pay special attention to Blinky - he might blend in with the dreaming red kangaroos!",
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"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/None/",
"score": 34
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},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "On the desktop version, you can go anywhere with enough roads for Pac-Man to move around (I did it around my house), but on the app it's limited to the places previously mentioned by Thebluefish.",
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"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/107021/Ay-Kriv",
"score": 10
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{
"sents": [
{
"text": "You are not limited to only certain cities.",
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"text": "You can play Google Maps Pac-Man anywhere there is a sufficient number of intersecting streets.",
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{
"text": "Here are links to a few places I was able to start the Pac-Man game: Seattle",
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"text": ", WA: https://www.google.com/maps/@47.6044359,-122.3309277,18z/data=!1e3 Cairo, Egypt: https://www.google.com/maps/@30.041075,31.2018952,18z/data=!1e3 Kremlin, Moscow, Russia: https://www.google.com/maps/@55.752023,37.617499,18z/data=!1e3",
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"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/27551/Tom",
"score": 5
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},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "The one about kakkoi actually refers to Kitagawa in Japan.",
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"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/107137/Raven",
"score": 1
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},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "There has been an update on the Google support page with 16 more locations where it can be played!",
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],
"cluster_id": [
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},
{
"text": "So far I've got: Wrigley Field, Chicago Roman Agora (North of Acropolis) in Athens Oxford Circus, London Residence Assounfou Hotel in Marrakech Sagrada Família, Barcelona Colosseum, Rome Catherine Palace, Saint Petersburg Peace Corps, Washington DC",
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"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/107150/Alex",
"score": 1
}
}
] | {
"question": "For this year's April Fools, Google has a Pac-Man option on GoogleMaps. However, it cryptically references clues in which you can play the Pac-Man maps on, as apparently not all cities are supported. There's a list of clues i t has on its FAQ page , but I don't understand most of them. Which cities can I play Pac-Man in?",
"title": "Which cities can I play Pac-Man in?",
"forum": "gaming.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<google-maps-pacman>",
"link": "gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/212054",
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/18916/korrasaur"
} | 18_23 | [
[
"For the Browser version, any area with enough intersecting streets will work. You can go anywhere with enough roads for Pac-Man to move around but on the app it's limited to the places previously mentioned by Thebluefish.",
"In order to play google's pac man, there have to be sufficient number of intersecting streets."
]
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"It is suggested that google's pac man can be played anywhere."
]
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[
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "There are 18,446,744,073,709,551,616 (2 64 ) possible seeds.",
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},
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"text": "All seeds are a number, if letters are entered into the seed box, Java's hashCode() function is used to turn it into a number.",
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"text": "Seeds do not use up much disk space (stored as a long integer, meaning just 8 bytes per world) because only a seed that has been chosen for a world is stored; not all 18 quintillion.",
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{
"text": "When a seed is needed for world generation, a random one is generated from the system clock (or entered manually by the user) and is then stored and used to generate the world.",
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{
"text": "How many possible worlds can generate, including customization options ?",
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"text": "Probably more than any computer can calculate given all of the float sliders available in a customized world.",
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},
{
"text": "Here's an image showing a randomly generated seed: -3,010,441,696,458,036,422",
"label": [
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{
"text": "is far lower than both -2,147,483,648",
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{
"text": "and -140,737,488,355,328.",
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{
"text": "This means that seeds use higher than 32 bit and 48 bit signed integer ranges.",
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"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/54474/SirBenet",
"score": 52
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},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "I originally stated that Minecraft uses Java's default Random class for pseudo-random number generation.",
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"text": "Random uses 48-bit seeds .",
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{
"text": "However, that would imply that the seeds 1 and 2 48 +1 result in the same world, which others have pointed out is not true.",
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},
{
"text": "So I did some more digging.",
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"text": "Minecraft appears to use Random everywhere except for the biome-generation code.",
"label": [
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},
{
"text": "There, it uses its own homespun random generator.",
"label": [
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},
{
"text": "From GenLayer.java: protected int nextInt(int upperBound){ int randVal =",
"label": [
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{
"text": "(int)((this.chunkSeed >> 24) % (long)upperBound);",
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{
"text": "if (randVal < 0) { randVal += upperBound; } this.chunkSeed *= this.chunkSeed * 6364136223846793005L + 1442695040888963407L; this.chunkSeed += this.worldGenSeed; return randVal;} This is a linear congruential generator with values a = 6364136223846793005 and m = 1442695040888963407 .",
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{
"text": "This will indeed produce 2 64 distinct output streams, and thus there are 2 64 distinct worlds.",
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{
"text": "The claim on the Minecraft wiki that \"Multiplayer seeds may only have 2 48 possible values [..] due to using Random.nextLong",
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{
"text": "() \" is incorrect.",
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"text": "The single-player and multiplayer world generators are not different.",
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"text": "The use of Random everywhere else does mean that some things will be the same between seeds that are off by 2 48 , such as seeds 1 and 2 48 +1.",
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"text": "For example, the location of ores should be almost the same between the two (except for ores removed by cave-systems) .",
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"text": "Also, the use of per-chunk seeds has some interesting consequences.",
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"text": "For example, given the small number of biomes and the large number of chunks, in any given world there is a very high probability that there are two chunks which are exactly the same.",
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"text": "Finding those chunks, however, involves math which is beyond me.",
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},
{
"text": "If anyone is interested in figuring it out, the code for initializing the chunkSeed is public void initChunkSeed(long chunkX, long chunkY){ this.chunkSeed = this.worldGenSeed; for(int",
"label": [
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{
"text": "i = 0; i < 2; i++) { this.chunkSeed *= this.chunkSeed * 6364136223846793005L + 1442695040888963407L; this.chunkSeed += chunkX; this.chunkSeed *= this.chunkSeed * 6364136223846793005L + 1442695040888963407L; this.chunkSeed += chunkY; }}",
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"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/2578/BlueRaja - Danny Pflughoeft",
"score": 19
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "So the answer is found here: http://minecraft.gamepedia.com/Seed_(level_generation)",
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"text": "Which even though it's already linked on this page no one seems to have read it all.",
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"text": "To summarize: If you use a word or phrase then String.hashCode() is called and it limits your maximum amount of seeds to 2^32 because of it's implementation.",
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"text": "If you enter your own number or let the system determine the seed",
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"text": "then your seed limit is 2^64 seeds.",
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},
{
"text": "HOWEVER:",
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"text": "If it's a multiplayer world",
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"text": "they implement the nextLong() java function and",
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"text": "the limitations of that are 2^48 possible seed options.",
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"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/23986/Ryan",
"score": 6
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{
"sents": [
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"text": "Seeds are hashed into a 32 bit signed integer.",
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"text": "Which is programmer speak for a number that can be positive or negative, and is 32 values in base 2.",
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{
"text": "This gives the numbers from -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647.",
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"text": "Depending on the implementation of Minecraft some of those might result in the same world in certain aspects like having 2 seeds with different biomes but the same heightmap.",
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"text": "(Partial) correction:If you don't set a text seed minecraft will instead take the current time as it's value, which is a 64 bit number so there are more options there.",
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"text": "Source: http://minecraft.gamepedia.com/Seed_(level_generation)",
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"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/244/Elva",
"score": 2
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},
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"sents": [
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"text": "The number of seeds isn't limited by the application itself.",
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"text": "Just by the length of the allowed value for the seed itself.",
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"text": "The seeds won't be stored into Minecraft.",
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"text": "The seed itself will just be some kind of \"startvalue\" where the world generation starts it generate process.",
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"text": "There isn't a seed for every world inside the game itself.",
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"text": "You'll only get the same world as the generation process would run and generate the same world due to the same start conditions.",
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"text": "You can compare it by counting the steps from your way home to your work.",
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"text": "If the same condition applies every day the same way will be used.",
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"text": "If it snows one day or if you stay up a bit later on the day the start condition is different and your going to take another way or another time to your work.",
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"text": "But if the same different condition would apply on another day it will end the same way.",
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{
"text": "Just as an example to clarify it for the non-techies. :-)",
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"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/115641/Ionic",
"score": 1
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},
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"sents": [
{
"text": "Computers do not truly generate random numbers.",
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"text": "When fetching a random number, it just gives you the next number in a sequence of seemingly random numbers (they have no pattern or connection to each other).",
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"text": "A seed is what truly randomizes this list of numbers, in most cases, the current system time will be used as a seed.",
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"text": "You could think of a seed as a way to get the same random result repeatedly.",
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"text": "The way a Minecraft world is generated is by an algorithm that repeatedly fetches random numbers such as when to increase surface height, etc...",
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"text": "Using seeds, these random numbers will be the same each time, which results in a world being the same when the same seed is used.",
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"text": "That being said, seeds do not take up disk space because they are simply a way to scramble/randomize the list of seemingly random numbers.",
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"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/115057/Jayden Miller",
"score": 1
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}
] | {
"question": "I was wondering about how many seeds are in Minecraft(1.8.7) and how it ocuppies so few disk space? I think that there are a lot of seeds per world type, calculating this also for EVERY customized combinations. I am sure that they are over zillions. Can you tell me the number of seeds?",
"title": "How many world seeds are in Minecraft?",
"forum": "gaming.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<minecraft-java-edition>",
"link": "gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/227885",
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/117102/John"
} | 18_29 | [
[
"There are 18,446,744,073,709,551,616 (2 64 ) possible seeds.",
"Minecraft has 18,446,744,073,709,551,616 (2 64 ) possible seeds"
]
] | {
"rel_sent_not_in_cluster": [
false
],
"cluster_sents_not_matched": [
[]
]
} | [
2
] | [
[
"A user is stating the specific number."
]
] |
[
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "No, unfortunately there is no overview of what all of your settlers are doing.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
1
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "However you can see what each individual is assigned to if you have visibility of that individual and their assigned task - this picture will show you what I mean: This settler is only assigned to half of these carrots, another settler is doing the others, so when I target this settler is highlights half of the carrots.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "There is, however, an overview of all of your settlements available in your Pip Boy, under the Data >",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Workshops tab:",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "This will warn you of any issues at each of your settlements.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/52800/kalina",
"score": 22
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "As of 11/11/2015 there is no settler interface.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/73403/FoxMcCloud",
"score": 8
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "The beta patch for 1.3 released on Jan 15th does show settler assignments when you hover over the settler.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "A wonderful and much needed improvement.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/136165/Justin",
"score": 6
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "The Vault-Tec Workshop added a buildable item called the Vault-Tec Population Management System .",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
1
]
]
},
{
"text": "This let's you management settler assignment to jobs as well as unemployed settlers.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "It also helps you keep track of companions.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "To build it, you will find it in Workshop Mode -> Power ->",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Miscellaneous",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "If you do not have the Vault-Tec Workshop DLC but PC mods are an option for you",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "then you can try the Don't Call",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Me Settler",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Mod which provides settler management and a few more things like auto-assigning settlers to available jobs, clearing corpses from your settlements, and tracking damaged items in your settlement.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/15184/Lore Friendly",
"score": 5
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "Unfortunately no, there is no current settler interface within fallout 4.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "Like mentioned by kalina, you can see the tasks in build mode by hovering to the settler in question.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "To make it easier to find their tasks (especially in big places like the castle), use the tfc 1 console command (assuming you're on pc) to hover around the settlement to check if the settler indeed has an assigned work.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "To make things a lot easier, you can give them certain \"uniform\" to know what they're working.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "My guards have the sack hoods, my scavengers have the gas assault mask, my provisioners have minutemen outfits, etc.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/135849/Henry Lachica",
"score": 1
}
}
] | {
"question": "Is it possible to see a list of the settlers in a given settlement and the jobs they are assigned to? It would make it easier to pick a settler for a new job.",
"title": "Can I see an overview of my settlers?",
"forum": "gaming.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<fallout-4>",
"link": "gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/242793",
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/6139/victoriah"
} | 18_36 | [
[
"There is no overview of what all of your settlers are doing. ",
"It seems that there isn't any way to overview settlers, but a specific item might help with this task."
]
] | {
"rel_sent_not_in_cluster": [
false
],
"cluster_sents_not_matched": [
[]
]
} | [
2
] | [
[
"It is stated that there is no way to overview the settlers.",
"However a user is referring to an item that might do the job."
]
] |
[
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "Use the console",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "As with previous Bethesday games, the markfordelete or disable console commands can be used to force an entity to despawn.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Using markfordelete may be safer as there are some indications that using disable will not remove the object from the world state in your savegame.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "The former is also less likely to bug out as it should follow the default cleanup behaviour.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Via",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "the Wiki : markfordelete - Similar to disable, will delete any item from the game, removing it permanently.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "It may disappear immediately, or it may require you to exit and re-enter the area.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "While I haven't confirmed this myself, using the console apparently does not disable achievements.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/106152/Lilienthal",
"score": 19
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "if you have running water nearby you can drag the corpse there and watch it float away",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
1
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/129950/anon",
"score": 9
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "Build a small shack and drag all bodies there? =Build a graveyard.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/64396/SkyHiRider",
"score": 8
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "Chances are it is not despawning because you are visiting the \"cell\" or loaded area, frequently.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "Travel far away from the settlement in question, and do not go back for about 10-15 in-game days",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "(you can sleep/wait it off if you wish) that will \"reset\" the cell which will remove any temporary mobs.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "That should fix your problem.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "If you go back to the settlement too early, this 10-15 day timer will reset. if you do not wish to do that then use Disable in-console.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Do NOT use markfordelete.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Most of the creatures that spawn are Randomly generated.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "If you use markfordelete, it will delete that creature and any spawns like it afterwards.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "EX.5 Raiders attack a settlement.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "I kill them.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "I use markfordelete on one of them.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "there is a good chance that if raiders attack again, there will only be 4 raiders.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "This is what happened with skyrim so I cannot imagine it being any different.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "On top of that markfordelete is permanent, so you can't fix mistakes.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Yes, disable doesnt \"remove\" the mob from the game, but it unloads it from memory, and prevents FO4 from loading it again, so while it may slow down load times, it will not affect fps or anything else in-game.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "It is just a much more safer option to choose.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/129842/ThreeTen",
"score": 4
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "It's not ideal but it saves using console commands but you could \"bin\" all the corpses.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "I have erected 4 walls and a staircase leading up.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "you can dump them inside.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "It gets them out of the way",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/129618/jollins",
"score": 3
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "I have a batch file which I run every start.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "One of the lines is: setgs iHoursToClearCorpses 2 As ThreeTen suggested, go away from the cell for a while.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "If you use MarkForDelete , try using Disable first, in case you've selected the wrong item (like Dogmeat!).",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "You can then MarkForDelete once you're sure you have the intended target.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/133795/mykl_c",
"score": 2
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "There is a mod that can help you get rid of corpses in your settlements.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
1
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "(and it gives you materials for the bodies!)",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Scrap dead things I do not personally use this mod, so I can not account for how well it works.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/80960/Caleb",
"score": 1
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "I was having this same trouble until i noticed that only corpses with items in them were lingering around my settlements.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Try looting all the items inside the corpses.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "It should allow them to dissapear.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/136384/Vaultboy95",
"score": 0
}
}
] | {
"question": "So I killed a bunch of raiders from a settlement, now their rotting fly infested corpses are lying around clogging up the joint. How do I dispose of their corpses?",
"title": "How do I dispose of a corpse?",
"forum": "gaming.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<fallout-4>",
"link": "gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/242857",
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/3917/l I"
} | 18_37 | [
[
"If you have running water nearby you can drag the corpse there and watch it float away. There is also a mod that can help you get rid of corpses in your settlements. ",
"While there isn't any specific way to make corpses dissapear, without using mods, most users are suggesting to move the bodies."
]
] | {
"rel_sent_not_in_cluster": [
false
],
"cluster_sents_not_matched": [
[]
]
} | [
2
] | [
[
"The community lists few ways to deal with corpses."
]
] |
[
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "I don't believe there's a way to sell your frames.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
1
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "I certainly haven't encountered any, and the fact that the frame doesn't show up in your inventory makes me pretty confident that I won't find any.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "You can get out of power armor underwater, so you can just walk the frames into a river if you want to get rid of them.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "Alternatively just leave them somewhere.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Fast traveling does not drain fusion cores.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "They'll eventually disappear if you leave them outside of a settlement.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "If someone puts them on and you kill them, the frame is not lootable from the corpse, so I guess that would get rid of them.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "If you decide not to get rid of them, they aren't completely useless.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "You can save one for any human or synth companion you take with you.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Settlers will get into a vacant frame if they're being attacked and it has a core, so you could leave equipped frames at your settlements to help your settlers with defense.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "It's plausible you could order specific settlers to enter them from the workshop menu, but comments indicate that this has not worked out in tests.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "You could also outfit different ones for different scenarios, but that's probably not a great use of your time, as it's easy enough to just swap the parts on the frame you normally use.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/108003/DCShannon",
"score": 8
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "The simplest thing you can do with Power Armor Frames is to add a Fusion Core to them, and fast travel to an area.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
1
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "Fast travel does not drain Fusion Cores, which allows for a few things.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "If you are encumbered, Power Armor adds Strength which in turn grants a higher carry limit.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "This can be enough to take you out of encumbered state, allowing travel to an area where you can dump all the looted items.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Placing a Power Armor Frame in each of your settlements that have Power Armor Stations, means you can remove a Core from one set of Armor, and travel to the next area with an armor waiting, and power that armor up with the same core.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "having specialized armors in each area might be a nice idea for some people.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Power Armor resists radiation by a high amount, making underwater travel safer.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
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},
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"text": "While not completely safe, it's a good option to have a specialized set just for underwater exploration.",
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"text": "Having Power Armors in each area means you can use the station to craft.",
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"text": "without an armor nearby, you do not get the option to craft, even if you have power armor parts on you or in storage.",
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"text": "There's not much you can do with multiple frames, but even a coreless frame makes for a nice stand for the armor.",
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{
"text": "Having a whole line up of robot suits just as decoration and collection purposes is pretty cool.",
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"text": "Edit: As pointed out earlier, settlers might be able enter frames to defend the settlement.",
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"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/130278/lolicage",
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"text": "Build up a large collection of different Power Armors?",
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"text": "Think of them like cars.",
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"text": "Having 1969",
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"text": "GTO doesn't mean you have no use for a 1962 Corvette (or whatever).",
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"text": "Why not try to have a full suit of Power Armor in every style and mod combination?",
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"text": "(Or maybe just the loadouts/mods you find useful.)",
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"text": "Or different colors?",
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"text": "(And so on.)",
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"text": "Hell, why not build a Power Armor \"show room\"/gallery at one of your settlements so you can admire your awesome collection of military hardware? Seems better than scrapping or selling the old pieces and trying to make the frames disappear.",
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{
"sents": [
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"text": "I just built a big shack at sanctuary, put them in a 5x5 array, and gave them all one fusion core, and when ever I find a piece of power armor",
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"text": "I just put it on a frame, and",
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"text": "so when anyone attacks they have 20 power armor wielding settlers fighting back",
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"sents": [
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"text": "If you're playing on PC and aren't afraid of modding, Yukichigai of the Nexus community has created this mod: Move Store and Assign Settlers to Power Armor , which gives greater control over the frames themselves.",
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"text": "It allows you to: Move or Store Power Armour Frames in the Workshop",
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"text": "Assign settlers to",
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"text": "Power Armour Frames",
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"text": "At the very least, 'storing' them in the workshop gets them out of the way, and that way they're still around later if you ever want to pick up a human companion.",
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"sents": [
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"text": "If you pacify a enemy human, command him/her to get in the frame, and then kill them, it should disappear eventually with the body",
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] | {
"question": "So, I'm a kleptomaniac when it comes to playing games like Fallout 4, which includes Power Armour suits. Usually if I find a suit with better stuff than the one I have back at my base I take it home with me so I can strip it down and upgrade my main suit of armour... only... one problem... So... What can I do to get rid of them? Is there a vendor that buys Power Armour Frames?",
"title": "What can I do with stripped Power Armour Frames?",
"forum": "gaming.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<fallout-4>",
"link": "gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/244129",
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/130229/Steve"
} | 18_38 | [
[
"I don't believe there's a way to sell your frames. The simplest thing is to add a Fusion Core to Power Armor. There's not much you can do with multiple frames but it's makes for a nice stand for the armor. ",
"There isn't anything specific to do with the excess of power armour frames. It all comes down to the player's imagination."
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"The community proposes ways to deal with excess power armour frames."
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[
{
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"text": "Giant Skeleton, like any other Tank is best countered with swarm .",
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"text": "By far the best swarm in the game is the skeleton army.",
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"text": "But I've been countered with, and have been countering with a Witch or Barbarians , the later being quite popular among my enemies.",
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"text": "Pretty much anything that will keep him busy long enough to die, before reaching your towers.",
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"text": "The best strategy I'm aware of is to wait for it to come on your side of the map, and then place the army around him.",
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"text": "Even if the enemy has arrows or something similar, the skeleton would'be dead by the time they react.",
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"text": "Good point worth mentioning is, flying swarm is not good, as the skeleton ignores them and keeps going to the tower.",
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"text": "It will die eventually but not before dealing 1000+dmg to the tower ...",
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"text": "If you're at or above Pekka's Playhouse then including an Inferno Tower in your deck may help you counter this easily if you're seeing a lot of the Giant Skeleton.",
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"text": "Due to its nature this is actually true with any high HP targets, but it works really nicely against the Giant Skeleton because it means you don't have to sacrifice troops to his bomb.",
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"text": "Alternatively, if you can distract him with a low cost building like a Tombstone, attacking him with faster units like minions will allow them to leave the area before the bomb goes off.",
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"text": "The Giant Skeleton will run off the path to attack a Tombstone or other unit that is coming at him, so kite him away from your Crown Towers and isolate that bomb!",
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"sents": [
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"text": "My main deck uses Giant Skeleton , so I've seen a lot of defensive strategies.",
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"text": "To summarize: Hordes - Generally Giant Skeleton attacks slow, so he'll only take out one Horde troop at a time, and will get pummeled by the rest.",
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"text": "Minion Horde or Skeleton Horde will take him down in seconds.",
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"text": "Turning - Anything that kills the Giant Skeleton will promptly path right past his bomb.",
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"text": "To avoid this, put troops behind him once in your territory, so that they get clear before the bomb goes off. Kiting -",
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"text": "The best Elixir trade on a Giant Skeleton is to use cheap Horde troops like Skeletons or Goblins to kite him to the center and even across to the other lane.",
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"text": "This is most easily attempted when he is not backed up by ranged Area Damage troops like Wizards/Baby Drags (who will instantly splat cheap troops).",
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"text": "Inferno/",
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"text": "Other Towers - Giant Skeleton will target anything, so Towers/Huts are a great distraction, essentially similar to kiting.",
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"text": "The Inferno Tower is a positive Elixir trade if he is alone, but does need to build up enough DPS to take him down.",
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"text": "If the opponent is using Freeze, Zap, or has Hog/Horde backup watch out for it to be taken down to quickly.",
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"text": "Above all, the biggest priority is to keep the bomb away from your towers and avoid sacrificing too many troops to it.",
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"sents": [
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"text": "Honestly, the Giant Skeleton is one of my favorite cards, I think however the giant skeleton can be easily countered as long as you remember these things:",
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"text": "Watch how much elixir you spend.",
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"text": "You want to spend 6 or less elixir to counter him since he costs 6 elixir to use.",
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"text": "Using goblins, valkyrie or even regular skeletons can distract the giant skeleton for a long time, hopefully long enough for you to kill it effectively.",
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"text": "Place troops behind it so after killing the skeleton they can run away",
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"text": "and hopefully you can form a counter-push. Inferno Tower Remember the range of the giant skeleton.",
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"text": "Round-abouts, place a fast, building targetting unit that isn't too fast behind the giant skeleton.",
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"text": "The giant skeleton will actually turn around and usually walk all the way back to the enemy's side to kill whatever (hog rider works well) and this allows you to cycle back to a small troop or save or a inferno tower or something.",
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"text": "Just know the giant skeleton, know it's stats, bomb damage, etc.",
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"text": "What other people have said, kiting, luring, etc.",
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"text": "Wait",
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"text": "until the bomb explodes before placing any troops, otherwise the troop will take unnecessary damage.",
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"text": "Remember, giant skeletons will keep walking if you use only air troops to counter it.",
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{
"text": "Good luck!",
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{
"text": "Sources: EXP and pushing to Royal Arena",
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"sents": [
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"text": "I typically drop a Pekka and a Prince.",
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"text": "They both have large amounts of damage and decent health.",
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"text": "I typically wipe out the Giant Skeleton before it touches my base with those troops.",
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"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/133561/orias",
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{
"sents": [
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"text": "A good strategy as mentioned by @h0ch5tr4355 is to drop the troops behind the Giant Skeleton.",
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"text": "Dropping something like barbarians behind it will cause it to turn around to attack them and after the barbs kill it, they can usually get out of the bomb explosion radius as they do not have to walk across the full area that is within the range of the bomb.",
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"text": "It is a good card against a Golem deck.",
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"text": "Otherwise, i think it's a bad card.",
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"text": "Can be pro actively countered with skeleton hut or any hut quite well.",
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"text": "Hordes or skelly army can be countered by the Giant Skeleton user with poison, arrows, wizard, queen, etc, which they'd most have and wouldn't count on as a good defense against the GS. Forementioned points of kiting and placing troops behind it are definitely valid.",
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"text": "He works well against golem because of the elixir swap and that you can't easily compliment that matchup as a golem user.",
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"text": "I've seen it work, but it's due to an elixir advantage that was manifested in an efficient defense gained earlier.",
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"text": "6 elixir for emergency defense is not good.",
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"sents": [
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"text": "If you have an inferno dragon, use it, but rage it.",
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"text": "If you don't have one, minion hordes do great damage, under rage.",
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"text": "You need to rage your troops because the giant Skelly can do insane damage to a tower, with it's hit, and it's bomb.",
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],
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"text": "You don't want the giant Skelly to go near you.",
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"text": "When it's paired with valk, send in a mini pekka, and then do all of the above.",
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"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/197170/Noob444",
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] | {
"question": "I keep facing people with Giant Skeletons and I haven't found a way to effectively deal with them. A lot of the troops have rather low hit points, so I tend to have to use several troops to kill it, but any that are alive after killing it tend to die when the bomb goes off. So, what are effective cards to deal with a Giant Skeleton?",
"title": "What troops can counter a Giant Skeleton?",
"forum": "gaming.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<clash-royale>",
"link": "gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/259401",
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/127901/Dragonrage"
} | 18_43 | [
[
"Giant Skeleton is best countered with swarm. If you're at or above Pekka's Playhouse then including an Inferno Tower in your deck may help you counter this easily. Minion Horde or Skeleton Horde will take him down in seconds. ",
"The most common tactic to beat a Giant Skeleton, is to use swarms."
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"The community suggests few strategies."
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"text": "Each car has various paint jobs that are unlocked as you play the game.",
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},
{
"text": "They will not show as \"new\" with the exclamation point until the appropriate car is selected.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Select each car (equipping it), then move to the paint job tab to see the new paint jobs that are unlocked.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/33865/Ryan",
"score": 6
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "Select every car and go trough all the tabs.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "It's something unlocked for another car.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
1
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/132203/Иво Недев",
"score": 4
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "It's a bug, I have all the DLCs that come with the game, and I have everything checked out, just like you.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
1
]
]
},
{
"text": "But the exclamation point is still there.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "I still don't know why they haven't fixed it.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Maybe no one has reported it, who knows?",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "But I know for sure that it is a bug.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Edit",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": ": Check every car and every decal on it, since all cars unlock new decals and it doesn't put an exclamation point on it.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
1
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/147245/Sain",
"score": 3
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "It probably has something to do with the new NBA adds.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Have you tried navigating through all the tabs to see if there's something new that might not have been \"marked\"?",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/83919/Mani5556",
"score": 2
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "I had this issue for a while, the problem was that I had unlocked the Royal decal for the Dominus (a DLC car that I did not have).",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "The way I fixed it was going onto the Manage Inventory tab in garage and scrolling through the items until I found it, then hover over it and the exclamation mark was gone.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/117990/Nickz2",
"score": 2
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "It apparently is DLC-related, though the specific culprit seems to vary from person to person.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Some people have had success by doing this:",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Close the game (if it's open).",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Go into your Steam library and uncheck/disable all the DLC.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Open the game, then close it again.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Re-check/re-enable your DLC.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Open the game.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "It should hopefully be fixed by this point.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/147683/Churchbus",
"score": 1
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "1)",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Disable Steam Cloud Save: Open Steam Click on the \"Library\" tab Right-click \"Rocket League\"",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "then click \"Properties\" In the Properties window",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "click the \"Updates\" tab Under \"Steam Cloud\" un-check \"Enable Steam Cloud synchronization for Rocket League\" Click Close 2)",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Delete Local Save:",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Open",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "My Documents\\My Games\\Rocket League\\TAGame\\SaveData\\DBE_Production Delete both \".save\" documents *",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "NOTE: This will remove all customization!",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "This includes graphic settings, vehicle presets, and any UI changes!",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "It will not remove any items / vehicles that have been acquired.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Close the window 3)",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Start Rocket League Verify that all the customization options have been reset (and the yellow exclamation point is gone).",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "4)",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Exit Rocket League 5)",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Enable Steam Cloud using the procedure in Step 1.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/183701/Raksul",
"score": 1
}
}
] | {
"question": "When you enter the main Rocket League Window. You will notice I have a Yellow Exclamation Mark under Garage Menu Link. But when you enter the Garage Menu, Nothing is there for me to highlight or check??? Am I going crazy? or is this a bug of some kind? Edit: Issue has been going on for months.",
"title": "Why do I still have a Yellow Attention Logo on Garage Tab?",
"forum": "gaming.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<rocket-league>",
"link": "gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/264555",
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/69259/Sickest"
} | 18_45 | [
[
"It's something unlocked for another car. Check every car and every decal on it, since all cars unlock new decals and it doesn't put an exclamation point on it. ",
"It seems that whenever there's something new unlocked, the yellow attention logo will appear."
]
] | {
"rel_sent_not_in_cluster": [
false
],
"cluster_sents_not_matched": [
[]
]
} | [
2
] | [
[
"Players suggest that there is an unlocked item.",
"While someone else believes that it's a bug."
]
] |
[
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "Another lesser known use for reverse pickpocketing is to remove the stolen flag from items.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
1
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "If you reverse pickpocket a stolen item onto someone and kill them it will no longer be considered stolen.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
1
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/3917/l I",
"score": 186
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "Yes, you can poison people by placing poison into their inventory.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "Reverse pickpocketing a poison using the Poisoned perk does not count as a crime, even if the magical effect of the poison (e.g. \"damage health\") would otherwise be considered a criminal act if applied any other way.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "This makes it entirely possible to kill or weaken innocent enemies, right in front of everyone, without incurring a bounty (unless you get caught, as noted @Kevin).",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Also, reverse pickpocketing a paralysing poison into your target's inventory and then pickpocketing them as soon as the effect starts to wear off",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "allows you to take any item without being caught, no matter the chance of success.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/117670/Exerion",
"score": 150
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "If you reverse pickpocket fancy arrows onto an archer (and take his lousy arrows) who regularly practices his archery, you can get an endless supply of that type of arrow from his archery target whenever he practices.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/149000/rrauenza",
"score": 125
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "If you reverse-pickpocket equippable items, the NPC may equip them.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "This is useful if you have an unarmed follower who refuses to trade with you, like Maurice Jondrelle , who appears in the Blessings of Nature quest.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "If you reverse-pickpocket a sword and some armor to him, he has a better chance of surviving the quest.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "For that particular NPC, the Elder Scrolls Wiki says that you have to reverse-pickpocket him before you talk to him for the first time, or it won’t work.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/124642/Lord Harkon",
"score": 61
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "You can use this to drop poison into their pockets and stealthy kill/damage them, but only if you have the poisoned perk in the pickpocket perk tree.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "see here for a description of the perk",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/127901/Dragonrage",
"score": 24
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "I would like to stress upon the \"pickpocketing someone while the paralysis effect has just been weared off for anything(as mentioned by @Exerion)\" a bit more: Since Alchemy is quite hard to level up.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Whenever my player levelled up, I used to go to an Alchemy trainer, train 5 levels, and steal the money.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "But, as my level grew in Alchemy, the chances of stealing large amounts became 0 no matter what i did(tried all sorts of potions and stuff).",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "And then I thought of an IDEA.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "I put a paralysis potion in the trainer's pocket and as soon as the stealing option became enabled, I stole my money back successfully.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Also levelled up other skills like Archery, Enchanting, Smithing etc the same way.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "It saved me a fortune(hundreds of thousands).",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/149089/Sarthak Mittal",
"score": 16
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "Sometimes it is an optional way to complete some missions, like the Quest where you have to put the ring in the guys pocket",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
1
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/217988/Pantheroro",
"score": 0
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "If you reverse pickpocket gold onto a merchant immediately after investing in them, you can increase the investment permanently.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
1
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "There seems to be a 16 bit limit in place where raising a merchant's gold much past 32,500 will cause it to freeze.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "You can sell items, but won't receive gold in return.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Also, it may be wise to reverse pickpocket multiple smaller amounts",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "so you are less likely to get caught.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/181987/Jtenorj3",
"score": 0
}
}
] | {
"question": "So in pick-pocketing, you have the option to steal from somebody's inventory, and/or place something into it. Outside of leveling exploits and quests, what function does placing actually have? Can you use for stealth kills or something?",
"title": "In Skyrim, what is the point of placing items into other people's inventories (reverse pick-pocketing)?",
"forum": "gaming.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<the-elder-scrolls-5-skyrim>",
"link": "gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/267530",
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/148924/AwesomePizza138"
} | 18_46 | [
[
"A use of reverse pickpocketing is to remove the stolen flag from items. You can reverse pickpocket gold onto a merchant immediately after investing in them. Sometimes it is an optional way to complete some missions.",
"Reverse pick pocketing can help a player in many ways such as placing poisons into an enemy's inventory, in order to get affected by that."
]
] | {
"rel_sent_not_in_cluster": [
false
],
"cluster_sents_not_matched": [
[]
]
} | [
2
] | [
[
"The community lists ways that reverse pick pocketing can help."
]
] |
[
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "Some of my friends leave conquered gyms undefended because, at least where we live, gyms are un-defendable.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Trying to defend just leads to a loss of potions.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "So, we go out on marauding missions and destroy gyms.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Our calling card is that we leave it undefended (or have Pikachu be the defender).",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "I just did this last night! :-)",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "I've heard others do this to maybe send a message to Niantic.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/155666/Just Someone",
"score": 60
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "As you said, this is entirely possible.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
1
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "It could also be: Someone beats the gym with their last available pokemon, and has no way to revive their current pokemon.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Their game may have crashed after taking a gym, and be unable to play May be due to bugs and issues",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "There is no tactical reason for this.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/162175/BritishFerret",
"score": 28
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "I don't see a reason to leave a gym undefended either.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
1
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "There are a lot of factors that could stop you from claiming it though: Public transport: Maybe you can start a fight but move before you are able to claim the gym Running out of potions: The only requirement for a defending pokémon is 100% HP Server, GPS or battery issues...",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/102075/Khaz",
"score": 14
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "Another option would be for experience gain.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
1
],
"cluster_id": [
[
1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Having someone else come take the gym, and then you quickly taking it back over to an empty gym can be a profitable way of gaining experience relatively quickly if the gym has a high turnover/passerby rate.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/164228/ne0nlight",
"score": 13
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "Aside from the previously mentioned, there are also those trainers who: Do it on purpose in order to help newer players take control of the gym, and see their pokemon on top of the podium Lurk/Live near the gym and wait in order to gain progress towards the Battle Girl achievement.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
1
],
"cluster_id": [
[
1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/120411/Sayse",
"score": 12
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "As David Jacobsen pointed out in one of the comments, if you have defender bonus on cooldown then there isn't much to be gained for taking the gym.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Let's try listing some positives and negatives for taking a gym when you have your defender cooldown on.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
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},
{
"text": "Positive: If gym is in remote area, hold on to gym to get bigger bonus next day Helping out other members of your team to hold the gym for a littlebit longer to allow them to get bigger defender bonus (nice guy bonus :) )",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
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},
{
"text": "Creating name of yourself on the local area (having your pokemon onas many gyms as possible) Negative: Loss of health items after pokemon gets beaten (unless using fodder) Possibly have your best pokemon(s) sitting on the gym(s), unusable for your own attacks Leaving fodder pokemon awards almost free experience to opposing team while not contributing to defence if someone else wants to hold on to the gym Currently attacker",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "has huge advantages over defender (dodging, choosing correct pokemon types, etc.)",
"label": [
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],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "In short: you are giving experience to opposing teams while netting only small benefits for yourself (or your team).Of course it's a whole different story if you are only high level person around...",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
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]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/108799/LapisLazuli",
"score": 9
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "Now that you need to use a Revive to heal your Pokémon who are kicked out of a gym, it's entirely possible that the battler is someone who simply enjoys battling, but doesn't want to waste their revives on healing Pokémon who were holding a gym if they've already gotten their gym-holding bonus for the day.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
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},
{
"text": "Particularly as a role player (i.e., someone who plays Pokémon as an RPG, which the original game was)",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
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]
},
{
"text": "you could easily see someone defeating the gym to look out for their color but not want to waste resources on holding the gym themselves.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
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}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/51234/Joe",
"score": 6
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "In addition to the above, there are those who don't care about holding a gym, but find it very fun to defeat a gym.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
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],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "It's not worth leaving a weak pokemon to defend a gym at this point, and they would want to keep their stronger pokemon to take over the next one.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "They wait for someone else to take the gym again so they can defeat it again.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "It's not always about being king of the hill, but it's fun to knock the current king down.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
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]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/152550/OakleafRanger09",
"score": 2
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "My first thought for why is experience.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
1
],
"cluster_id": [
[
1
]
]
},
{
"text": "You get more for taking a gym than training it.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
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],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "I've done this before personally.",
"label": [
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],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
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]
},
{
"text": "My friend also recently had an experience where a game shop's employees were continuously killing the gym (which could be reached from inside the shop).",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
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},
{
"text": "I think it was mostly to get people in the area to stay in the area (keep the players in the shop).",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
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],
"cluster_id": [
[
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},
{
"text": "I cannot guarantee that is the reason though.",
"label": [
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],
"label_summ": [
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],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/155603/Eric",
"score": 1
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "People are missing the most obvious answer here: the person who defeated the gym was a passenger in a car/bus/train/etc.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
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],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "that goes past the gym.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "They clicked the gym right as they passed by, which allowed them to defeat the gym, but by the time the battle was over they were way too far away from it to actually put a pokemon in.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
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],
"cluster_id": [
[
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]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/69252/Daniel McLaury",
"score": 1
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "This could also be the limit on the number of pokemon you are allowed to put into gyms.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "The max is 20 gyms and they could have been not keeping track.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/191727/Bill F",
"score": 0
}
}
] | {
"question": "There are 6 gyms in my area and every once in a while I will see that one of the gyms is completely undefended, which allows me to claim it. Why would this happen? In all the cases this has happened I looked around and no one was around, so I don't think anyone was in the process of claiming it before I did. Are people defeating gyms and then just forgetting to claim them?",
"title": "Why would a gym ever be left undefended?",
"forum": "gaming.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<pokemon-go>",
"link": "gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/283152",
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/164196/Chuck C."
} | 19_11 | [
[
"This is entirely possible but is no reason to leave a gym undefended. ",
"While many people don't see why this happens, it can be a good way to gain experience or progress towards an echievement."
]
] | {
"rel_sent_not_in_cluster": [
false
],
"cluster_sents_not_matched": [
[]
]
} | [
2
] | [
[
"Users don't see the reason why it would be left unattended",
"Others see it as ways to gain progress or experience"
]
] |
[
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "As you might expect, the setup time is designed for the defending team (particularly medics and engineers) to set up defences and prepare for the attack.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
1
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "Therefore there isn't really much for the offensive team to do other than build Uber and do the conga, but you can always use the time to communicate with your team to plan attacking strategy.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
1
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "Heavies can even throw down a hidden sandwich for quick health regen on maps where the resupply lockers are far from the gates.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Otherwise popular activities include taunting, repeatedly hitting a teammate with the frying pan, or rocket jumping aimlessly until the time ticks down.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/41423/imulsion",
"score": 40
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "There are many small things that can be done, but Medics building Uber is probably the most useful thing that can be done while on offense.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "On some maps, engineers on the offensive team can also begin building up their buildings.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
1
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "Depending on your level of play, you can attempt to see where some of the enemies are setting up",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "so you know which chokepoints to use and not use at the start of the match.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "A heavy with the dalokahs bar or a scout with the bonk can use it before the gates open at the optimal time to have its effects ready for the match to start.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "A pyro could light a huntsman arrow on fire for a sniper should they wanna.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "A demo could place a sticky trap by their own gates in case the enemy also placed some stickies down or want to hang out and try to spawn camp.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "A spy with the cloak and dagger may want to be cloaked well before the match starts if they wanna try to find a safe place to hide at without the enemies knowing for sure that there is a spy on the offensive team.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "If it's not so serious, taunting is also an option, among a quick trade, or even use the time to check on something in real life.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
1
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/173448/WaveX",
"score": 8
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "You can jarate people through the gate if they come close enough.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "If you have a friend, you can have them damage themselves with the Boston Basher or explosive weapons, and then feed them sandviches for bonus points.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "On some maps you can build as an engineer.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "(On Gravelpit.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "You used to able to build a sentry in Badwater spawn, but they patched that, but maybe there are others)",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
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]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/207169/user207169",
"score": 3
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "There's plenty to do while waiting in spawn.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
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],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Here's what I generally try to do: 1.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "(Attempt to) Communicate with teammates",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Say",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Hi.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Ask how their day is going.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Establish a rapport, then (in conjunction with point #4) work out some game plan with them (Heavy+Med to exit right door, Bonk scout to distract sentry, and so on).",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "This won't always work of course - some people just don't communicate, or aren't interested.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "That's the nature of pubs.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "But you won't know unless you try.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "2.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Keep an eye on your team's class composition Look around at your teammates spawning in, and occasionally check the 'class change' screen.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Do you notice a distinct lack of Power classes?",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Is your team lacking a Medic?",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Are there 5 Snipers?",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Consider switching to what your team is lacking, and ask others to do the same* (easier to do if you've established a rapport, see #1).",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Also have a look at your loadouts, and ensure that they're what you want to use for the upcoming match.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "*",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "It's easier to convince others to switch if you give them a reason to do so: \"",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Hey, if one of the Snipers wants to go Heavy, I'll Uber you out the left door and we can smash up their Sentry Nest.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "\" is a lot more appealing than \"OMG can we not have 5 Snipers?\" 3.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "(Medic) Build Overheal and Ubercharge Thanks!",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "You've picked Medic!",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "You know what to do.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Build up your teammate's Overheal as well as your own Ubercharge.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Then - just like the peacock - find a mate with the flashiest hats* and Uber him out the gate.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "* Not always a guarantee that this person is a good player.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "In all seriousness, I'm assuming you know the basics of how to play Medic.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "If not, start here .",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "4.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Peek out the gate at the other team Check the other team's composition:",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
0
]
]
},
{
"text": "Do they have 3 Engies setting up a nest on the right side?",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Are 4 Snipers scoped in on the middle door?",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Are Demomen laying sticky traps at the gates/choke/cart/point?",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Are Pyros getting into position to roast people as they leave spawn?",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Is one or more of your teammates wandering around outside with the enemy team?",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "(If so, Press X + 2 ) Use this info in conjunction with #1 to formulate game plans with your team.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "5.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Help your Engie level up buildings On some maps, it's possible to build inside the spawn area.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "If an Engineer is trying to get a Dispenser or Sentry to Level 3, switch over to Engie and whack his buildings a couple of times.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Having a Level 3 dispenser to fall back to will be mighty helpful for everyone.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Teleporters are probably less important before-round, but if you have nothing better to do, why not? 6.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "(Heavy)",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Ready a deployed Sandvich",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "As the countdown gets closer, a Heavy can alt-fire a Sandvich (or Banana etc) to throw down a temporary health pack near the spawn exit, then instantly fill the recharge meter by touching a resupply cabinet.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "The deployed 'health pack' could provide a welcome source of health for someone retreating back in, including yourself or your medic.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "7.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "Have Fun!",
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"text": "Participate in (or start) a conga (maybe convince players (on both teams) to go for the Conga Line Taunt achievement ).",
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"text": "Play Rock Paper Scissors or give out high-fives.",
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"text": "Show off your taunts.",
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"text": "Leave animated gifs and memes on the walls.",
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"text": "Adjust your cosmetics.",
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"text": "Taunt at the other team.",
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"text": "TF2 is one of the only games",
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"text": "I know where it's both possible and encouraged to just...chill out and enjoy a moment",
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"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/28182/Robotnik",
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"sents": [
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"text": "Medics can build their ubercharge and that's about it.",
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"text": "You can only wait for the other team to setup defences for you to attack.",
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"answer_details": {
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/207152/georgeravenholm",
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] | {
"question": "Setup lasts a little over one minute in the asymmetric game modes. The defending team moves into positions, but when playing on the offensive side with casual players I'm not aware of any constructive action aside from building ÜberCharge with the medic. The attacking team is locked inside their base until the round starts and the engineer can't build buildings.",
"title": "What to do during setup as the offensive team?",
"forum": "gaming.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<team-fortress-2>",
"link": "gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/328316",
"author": "gaming.stackexchange.com/users/204276/user176801"
} | 19_17 | [
[
"The setup time is designed for the defending team. There isn't really much for the offensive team to do other than build Uber and do the conga. On some maps, engineers on the offensive team can also begin building up their buildings. Taunting is also an option, among a quick trade, or even use the time to check on something in real life.",
"There are a number of things you can do on the offensive team. You can of course build Uber and sometimes engineers can start building. You can have a look at how the enemy is setting up and there are also a number things you can do with the particular classes in the game."
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{
"sents": [
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"text": "The Charge of the Light Brigade glorifies the warriors, not the war.",
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"text": "Throughout the poem, we see exaltation of the soldiers for their bravery.",
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"text": "They are described as brave, bold, and having \"fought so well\".",
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"text": "However, the second stanza reveals that the poem's writer considered the charge a farce: Not tho' the soldier knew Some one had blunder'd: Theirs not to make reply, Theirs not to reason why, Theirs but to do & die, The poem describes the act as charging \"Into the jaws of Death, Into the mouth of Hell \" and describes the reaction to the charge as all the world wondering.",
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"text": "This shows a disdain for the commands leading to the charge.",
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"sents": [
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"text": "It does both.",
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"text": "It glorifies the six hundred while criticizing the leaders of the charge.",
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"text": "Here's some quotes highlighting it: '",
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"text": "All in the valley of Death' - Shows the mistake sending soldiers to their deaths 'Someone had blundered.'",
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"text": "- Shows the mistake 'Into the jaws of Death, Into the mouth of hell' - shows how they were blindly sent to their deaths And glorification: 'Boldly they rode and well,'",
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"text": "- praises them '",
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"text": "While horse and hero fell.'",
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"text": "- calls the heroes 'Honour the charge they made!",
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"text": "Honour the Light Brigade, Noble six hundred!",
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"text": "' - calls for honour and praise",
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"sents": [
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"text": "I think this is too black-and-white.",
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"text": "The poem is not about war, but about an event.",
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"text": "The poem praises the courage of the soldiers, who obey even if it means certain death.",
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{
"text": "It is like a requiem for these brave men.",
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{
"text": "It also criticizes the failure of the officers.",
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},
{
"text": "\"",
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"label_summ": [
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},
{
"text": "Forward, the Light Brigade!",
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{
"text": "\"",
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"label_summ": [
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{
"text": "Was there a man dismay'd? Not tho' the soldier knew",
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"text": "Someone had blunder'd: Theirs not to make reply, Theirs not to reason why, Theirs but to do and die: Into the valley of Death",
"label": [
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"label_summ": [
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],
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{
"text": "Rode the six hundred.",
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"text": "Above all, however, it praises the suicidal courage: the opening line of the last couplet is clear about that.",
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{
"text": "When can their glory fade?",
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{
"text": "O",
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{
"text": "the wild charge they made!",
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"answer_details": {
"author": "literature.stackexchange.com/users/92/Vixen Populi",
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"sents": [
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"text": "The poem appears to glorify war with its talk of bravery and talk of honouring the light brigade.",
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"text": "However, the second to last stanza appears to contradict this: While horse and hero fell.",
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{
"text": "They that had fought so well Came through the jaws of Death, Back from the mouth of hell, All that was left of them, Left of six hundred.",
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"text": "The poem both honors their bravery, but notes that their bravery got them killed.",
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"text": "To quote this article , \"Tennyson's soldiers are bold, heroic, glorious, honourable, noble and dead.\"",
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"sents": [
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"text": "When can their glory fade?",
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"text": "O",
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"text": "the wild charge they made!",
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{
"text": "All the world wondered.",
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"text": "Honour the charge they made, Honour",
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"text": "the Light Brigade, Noble six hundred.",
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{
"text": "The last stanza, I think, makes it clear.",
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"text": "While horse and hero fell.",
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"text": "They that had fought so well Came through the jaws of Death, It is also there when they are described as having sabres.",
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"text": "This is a pretty honorable thing, to charge cannons with sabres, and they are a weapon of noblemen.",
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"text": "I think he is glorifying soldiers but not war, as in the end, they do die because of this horrible thing.",
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"sents": [
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"text": "According to the Guardian's poetry critic, Carol Rumens, it's neither : I don't think it sets out to glorify war,",
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"text": "but it's certainly not a protest.",
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"text": "It recreates the sabre-flashing excitement of warfare, even in the ironical context of bare sabres against guns.",
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"question": "The Charge of the Light Brigade is an 1854 narrative poem at the Battle of Balaclava during the Crimean War. Does it glorify war or criticize it?",
"title": "Does \"The Charge of the Light Brigade\" glorify war or criticize it?",
"forum": "literature.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<poetry><alfred-tennyson>",
"link": "literature.stackexchange.com/questions/87",
"author": "literature.stackexchange.com/users/97/kenorb"
} | 19_20 | [
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"The poem praises the courage of the soldiers. It glorifies the warriors, not the war.",
"There are a number of interpretations of this, the poem could be said to be appearing to glorify war, however it is more about the event itself. If it is praising anyone it is praising the courage of the soldiers themselves."
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"sents": [
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"text": "I also travel a lot with paperback books in a bag, and I've managed not to damage them too much by considering the problem as a geometrical/physical one, analysing the shapes and forces involved.",
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"text": "A paperback book is essentially a cuboid, with two faces that can peel away from the rest and keep peeling away in pages until you reach the middle: As long as you can keep it in that cuboid shape , you're all good.",
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"text": "What really damages a paperback book is when the covers or pages start opening inside your bag and then getting bent or folded unnaturally against things.",
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"text": "If you can keep the book safely closed, it's much harder to damage.",
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"text": "So, make sure to pack your bag so that there are no forces tending to push the book open.",
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"text": "Ideally, go the other way and make sure there are forces tending to press the book closed .",
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"text": "If you have a thin flat space inside your bag (e.g. a compartment for a laptop, and you don't have a laptop with you), putting a book inside there might be able to keep it pressed closed.",
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"text": "If you have more than one book with you, lay them flat against each other so that each one can hold the next one closed.",
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"text": "(This doesn't help for the outermost covers of the stack, but at least it's a part of the problem solved.)",
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"text": "Try not to have anything pressing against the 'page edge' of the book, the edge opposite the spine.",
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"text": "Too much pressure",
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"text": "there will splay the pages apart and possibly fold them unhealthily.",
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"text": "There are going to be many different ways of achieving the desired effect, depending on factors such as the size and shape of your bag, of the books, and exactly what else you're carrying in the same bag.",
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"text": "But by keeping the above bold principles in mind, you should be able to minimise the damage to your paperback books while carrying them around.",
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"sents": [
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"text": "I carry mine in a sealable freezer bag (ziploc and the like).",
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"text": "Water, food, etc. can't get in and the cover and pages can't separate to be peeled away.",
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"sents": [
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"text": "Friction acts on the book regardless of whether it's fixed or not.",
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"text": "If a bag doesn't have a special compartment for books of laptops, it may be beneficial to acquire a book cover.",
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"text": "It can be plastic, paper, or even textile, depending only on one's choice Plastic covers (also called wraps) seem to be available online",
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"text": "(e.g. I took the picture above from here ).",
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"text": "One could fashion a custom book cover from plastic ( here's a tutorial ), or from paper (which is easier).",
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"text": "The advantage here is customisable size.",
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"text": "A cover offers some advantages for book protection:",
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"text": "It is functional even outside the bag It can be customised to be water-proof and grease-proof (depending on material)",
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"text": "Also protects the corners of the book (if one does it right) Can be made as fashionable as one likes (also obscures the title of the book)",
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{
"text": "Some tutorials on the subject: How to cover a textbook How to make a durable book cover",
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"sents": [
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"text": "I use a tupperware/kliklock container, but I if I am short of space, putting the book in with a laptop in its case keeps it flat (not instead of a laotop).",
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"text": "Also if you put a clipboard into the back pack it forms a rigid and flat central divider that is not deformed when you strap it to your back which is the main issue.",
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"text": "Covering a book with a flexible plastic cover in a back pack won't protect the text block or spine, it is the bending that is the problem, you want to stop it flexing.",
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"text": "I only do this for other people's books or library books, my own books I like to drop in the bath and dry out on the radiator because I can, because they aren't kindles.",
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"text": "Part of me takes a not altogether perverse pride in the battered appearance of many of my books; but when I want to protect one from battery in my bookbag, I favor an appropriately sized mailing envelope lined with bubble wrap, available at office supply stores and sometimes even supermarkets in my country (USA).",
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"text": "There are several things you can do to protect paperback books while carrying them around in a backpack.",
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"text": "If you want to prevent books from getting bent or warped , you can carry them in the type of rigid cardboard envelope that some online booksellers use when they mail books.",
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"text": "Or you can buy a cardboard envelope that has the appropriate size for the book you want to take with you.",
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"text": "I have also reused envelopes with bubble wrap padding, but these don't protect you books from bending, unless you put the envelope between other objects that don't bend to easily, e.g. some types of file folders.",
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"text": "A backpack's laptop compartment can also work, especially if your laptop is thin and/or if you have the type of backpack that can actually stand (instead of falling over).",
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"text": "If you just want to protect the book against friction instead of preventing bending, you can wrap it in an extra cover.",
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"text": "For pocket books, I normally reuse discarded printouts; it's better for the environment and you can discard the cover afterwards: For larger books, I have even reused gift wrapping paper, though usually \"inside out\".",
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"text": "I try to avoid plastic covers, even though they have the advantage that you can see the book's original cover through them:",
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"text": "You can put the book into a neoprene laptop sleeve.",
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"text": "However, this is only really useful if you don't need to take your laptop with you or if you have a spare laptop sleeve.",
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"text": "I have never bought premade book covers or wraps (regardless their material).",
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"text": "I have many books",
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"text": "and I usually carry at least one book in my backpack, so",
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"text": "the keyword is reuse !",
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] | {
"question": "I like to carry paperback books with me in a backpack. I've noticed that this puts a lot of wear and tear on these books. I can't not carry these books in my backpack, but what can I do to better protect them?",
"title": "How to travel with paperback books without damaging them?",
"forum": "literature.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<book-care><physical-books>",
"link": "literature.stackexchange.com/questions/3203",
"author": "literature.stackexchange.com/users/None/"
} | 19_21 | [
[
"You could make a custom book cover from plastic or keep it in a freezer bag. You even try a laptop case or a rigid envelope.",
"If you consider a book as a geometrical problem you can find ways to stop it from getting damaged. Other ways include putting it in a plastic bag, keeping it closed, putting it in tupperware, envelopes lined with bubblewrap, or cardboard envelopes can help."
]
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[
{
"sents": [
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"text": "No, you should not*.",
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"text": "In my opinion, you should limit your logbook to records of your own flight experience.",
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"text": "This would include any time spent training, as PIC, or as required crew.",
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"text": "The time you can log as PIC is that which you spend as the sole manipulator of the controls , the sole occupant , or as the pilot in command when the required crew is >1 .",
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"text": "Here's an article from an FAA FSDO describing the logging of PIC time in more detail .",
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"text": "Rod Machado has some good coverage of this as well.",
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"text": "If you're just hanging out in the airplane, it doesn't matter if you're in the front seat or the back seat.",
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"text": "If you're receiving instruction, you should get an entry and a logbook endorsement from the instructor you're flying with.",
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"text": "Most General Aviation aircraft don't require a type rating, so I'm unsure what the context of your final question is.",
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"text": "*",
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"text": "It's worth noting that you can technically put whatever you want in your logbook, though it's not a great idea; when it comes time to fill out an FAA 8710 form for later ratings, it can get confusing.",
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"text": "In my opinion, you still shouldn't log any time , but if you're just wanting to record flights that you took with friends, that's fine.",
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"text": "As an instructor who's had to slog through some weird logbooks, I'd really, really encourage you to track that elsewhere, though.",
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"text": "Your logbook is exactly that - it's your logbook, for the logging of your flight time, and a record of your flight experience and training.",
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"text": "Yes, log it.",
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"text": "Your logbook is your record of your flight experience.",
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"text": "Use a line in your logbook to remember a flight with a friend or a warbird flight you took at an air show.",
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"text": "If I'm a passenger in the right seat of a small aircraft and I'm paying attention I am probably learning something.",
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"text": "If I'm currently working towards my instrument rating and I'm sitting in the backseat of a friend's instrument rating lesson",
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"text": "then I'm almost certainly learning things that I wouldn't get while actually flying the plane.",
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"text": "Record those experiences for yourself.",
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"text": "However, the numbers columns for that entry are going to be empty.",
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"text": "No landings, no flight time, none of that.",
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"text": "You wouldn't want to accidentally use those flights for currency or ratings.",
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"text": "AOPA has a good article interpreting the FARs rules on logging time .",
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"text": "But you can use an empty column for passenger numbers or just use your comments section.",
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"sents": [
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"text": "Adding to what egid said, you can only log flight time as a crew member if you're filling a role as a required crew member.",
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"text": "There was an enforcement action many years ago against a pilot who was flying right seat in a small cargo plane because his employer's rules required two people in the cockpit.",
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"text": "He figured that since his employer required him to be there, it made him a required crew member",
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"text": "and so he logged the time.",
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"text": "However, the FAA regs did not require him to be there, so in their view, he was not a required crew member",
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"text": "and they took action against him for falsifying his logs.",
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"sents": [
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"text": "To answer the original question no, you cannot log flight time as a passenger in an aircraft.",
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"text": "AOPA's website has a pretty good answer.",
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"text": "https://www.aopa.org/training-and-safety/learn-to-fly/logging-cross-country-time/logbooks-and-logging-time",
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"text": "The PIC is, by Federal Aviation Regulations (FARs), responsible for the safe operation of the flight (FAR 1.1, 91.3).",
"label": [
0
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"text": "At any given time, there can only be one acting PIC on a flight, no matter how many pilots are on board the aircraft.",
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"text": "To legally act as PIC, a private, commercial, and airline transport pilot must have a current medical certificate and have all required endorsements, ratings, and recency of experience for the type of aircraft being flown and the flight conditions under which the flight is conducted (FAR 61.3, 61.31, 61.56, 61.57).",
"label": [
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"text": "Sport pilots can act as PIC with a valid and current driver's license in lieu of the FAA medical (FAR 61.23).",
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"text": "Before a flight is initiated, an agreement should be made to determine who is to be acting as PIC.",
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"text": "So you'll have to hold a current medical certificate for the type of flight operation being undertaken, the appropriate pilot certificate for type of flight operation being undertaken, and have sole manipulation of the flight controls of an aircraft you are properly endoresd or type-rated for.",
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"author": "aviation.stackexchange.com/users/15637/Carlo Felicione",
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"text": "Yes, join a frequent flyer program and log \" passenger miles \".",
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"text": "This will make you a better passenger with additional benefits.",
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"text": "Of course, these logs document the passenger loyalty, not some needed experience.",
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"sents": [
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"text": "Should you log flight time as a passenger?",
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"text": "Pro:",
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"text": "Logbooks represent many things, including a record of time and training to be used toward future certificates and ratings, as well as currency to comply with various regulations.",
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"text": "What you write in your log book is up to you as long as you record the flight information for those flights needed to substantiate your time Contra:",
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"text": "It is important that airmen are aware of regulations related to logbook records to avoid undue fines , or even suspension of their certificate/s!",
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"text": "you cannot log flight time as a passenger in an aircraft.",
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"sents": [
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"text": "I know this is an old question",
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"text": "but anyway:",
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"text": "In previous answers it has clearly been stated,",
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"text": "that one can not log flight time as a passeger.",
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"text": "What puzzles me is why would one do that anyway?",
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"text": "Passenger does not fly the plane, but merely observes what is going on.",
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"text": "Two very different things.",
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"text": "Yes some things can be learned just by looking at how other people do them, but flying is fundamentaly a multitasking excercise (although multitasking does actually not exist at all), and by simply looking at someone operating a plane, you get a dangerously simplified picture of what it's all about.",
"label": [
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"text": "Even if you already had a license.",
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"text": "So there is actual danger in logging passenger time (or even just flights):",
"label": [
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"text": "You will build yourself a false sense of competence.",
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"text": "The only hours and minutes that matter are the ones that you fly the plane.",
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"question": "If I only have a private pilot license, and am not the pilot in command, should I log my flight time? If so, what are the limits of this? i.e. is that as true in the backseat as it is in the front seat? Must I have that type rating?",
"title": "Should I log flight time as a passenger?",
"forum": "aviation.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<logging>",
"link": "aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/10",
"author": "aviation.stackexchange.com/users/26/Joe"
} | 19_22 | [
[
"You cannot log flight time as a passenger. You can only log it as a crew member.",
"Opinion is pretty split on this topic, some say you should not, however others support it saying that you can log it if you are filling a role as a required crew member."
]
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"Users say not to do it",
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[
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"sents": [
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"text": "This might take a few seconds longer, but it's math-free:",
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"text": "On your kneeboard, draw a quadrant (like this: +).",
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"text": "Draw a line through it for your runway(s).",
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"text": "Draw an arrow to represent the wind.",
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"text": "The answer will be apparent.",
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"text": "Do it enough times, and you'll be able to visualize the drawing without actually doing it.",
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"text": "It's also a great technique for calculating holds.",
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"text": "Is there a trick to determine best runway quickly without doing the math?",
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"text": "Aside from \"Asking the other pilots in the pattern / UNICOM\", none I'm aware of.",
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"text": "The closest thing to a \"trick\" I can offer you if you're going in to a completely unattended field are the following suggestions: If your directional gyro (DG) has a heading bug, set the heading bug to the wind direction.",
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"text": "Now find the runway alignment closest to the bug.",
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"text": "That's the runway you want.",
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"text": "(If your DG doesn't have a heading bug you may still be able to do this visually easier than doing math - of course this relies on you flying in a plane with a DG or a vertical card compass...).",
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"text": "Break out your E6B , dial in the wind direction, and find the closest runway heading.",
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"text": "Same logic as (1), but for when you're stuck in a Piper Cub with only the wet compass.",
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"text": "One drawback - it only works with mechanical flight computers...",
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"text": "If you have your sectional out, lay your pen or ruler on it to show the wind direction.",
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"text": "See which runway alignment is closest to the ruler.",
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"text": "That's the runway you want.",
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"text": "Count on your fingers.",
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"text": "(Seriously, this is what I do most of the time.",
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"text": "I'm an engineer, I can't add and subtract!)",
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"text": "In uncontrolled airports I've avoided problems simply by asking on CTAF which runway is in use when 10-7SM out.",
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"text": "This has worked out well because often times there are aircraft in the pattern on the wrong runway (from the perspective of crosswind) because conditions changed and traffic has been busy, or someone is just doing their own thing.",
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"text": "I've even had a unicom station respond with a recommendation when nobody in the air responded.",
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"text": "It doesn't hurt to ask and if you get no response a quick glance at the heading indicator can save you the math by just visualizing the runways over the indicator and choosing the one that's closest to the wind.",
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"sents": [
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"text": "When I arrive at an uncontrolled airport, and there's nobody there to tell me what everybody else is doing, I overfly the airport to get the lay of the land and to look at the wind sock.",
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"text": "This should be SOP for everybody.",
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"text": "One glance at the wind sock will tell you which runway the winds favor.",
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"text": "No math or diagrams required.",
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{
"text": "You should also be looking for a tetrahedron .",
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"text": "This will also give you information about the pattern.",
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"text": "Nominally, this is the authoritative answer about landing direction, but I've known airports where the tetrahedron was inoperative.",
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"text": "If the wind is strong and the wind sock contradicts the tetrahedron, consider trusting the wind sock instead.",
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"text": "Or better yet, consult the locals.",
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"text": "The only way you can avoid doing the math is if someone else has already done it for you and you have the results of their work available.",
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"text": "Towered airports, of course, will control the runway direction from the ground, and will handle any lighting systems.",
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"text": "At non-towered but fairly busy airports there will be an accepted pattern in use, and when anyone notices the windsock is pointing the other way the pilots can coordinate to \"turn the airport around\"",
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"text": "(I'm actually curious how that happens; for strips that always have a left-hand or right-hand pattern, the answer is simply to not turn to final and instead just circle to the other end, but for airstrips where, for instance, powered planes must always stay to one side of the airport to avoid a residential neighborhood, you can't circle that way, and must instead make a 180 away from the airport to reverse the pattern direction).",
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"text": "However, your question infers that no radio chatter or other traffic is available to follow, and you have to determine it for yourself.",
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"text": "You can still get some help in these cases.",
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"text": "Non-towered airports can still be lit; end lights and the LDI tetrahedron can be controlled from a simple automated weather station, and activated on request (to save energy) by pilots tuning to a station and clicking the mike.",
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"text": "If the pattern is truly empty, you can maneuver around the strip, look for the windsock, and approach in the direction closest to its tail.",
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"text": "Use a compass card; any will do, you have several in your cockpit, or you could even have a literal \"compass card\", a rose drawn on an index card on your clipboard or the inside cover of your notebook (whatever you're using for quick reference or shorthand notes on your flight).",
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"text": "You know wind is from 225* and your options for runways are 13(0) or 31(0).",
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"text": "A quick look at the dial will show you which runway choice is closer to the wind.",
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"text": "Just remember not to get confused by the numbers on the rose; to land on runway 31, you have to go around to the southeast end, even though 310* is marked on the northwest quadrant of the compass rose; runways are labelled according to the heading you'll be on while using them.",
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"author": "aviation.stackexchange.com/users/7629/KeithS",
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"sents": [
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"text": "Rather than calculating off the wind direction, start with the runway headings.",
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"text": "13-9=4 and 13+9=22.",
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"text": "If the wind is 040-220 use 13, otherwise use 31.",
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"text": "I have an HSI",
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"text": "so I set the bug to the wind heading and the CDI to the runway, then press vectors-to-final to get an extended centerline.",
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"text": "Both easy peasy",
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] | {
"question": "Let's say I call up Wx and have the wind direction and I know the runway headings from my charts and the pattern is empty. I can do the math, but it's tedious and slow and even worse when there are multiple runways. This is what I usually do: Runways are 13 and 31 Wind is 253° which rounds to 25 $25-13=12$ $31-25=6$ I'm going to use Runway 31 Is there a trick to determine best runway quickly without doing the math?",
"title": "What's a quick way to determine which runway to use?",
"forum": "aviation.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<runways><wind>",
"link": "aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/126",
"author": "aviation.stackexchange.com/users/120/guidoism"
} | 19_23 | [
[
"Draw a quadrant and a line through it for your runway. Draw an arrow to represent the wind and the answer will be apparent.",
"Draw a quadrant, draw a line for the runway, draw a line to represent the wind and the answer will be apparent."
]
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"This user gives the simplest solution."
]
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[
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"text": "It really depends on the state, though you can't land in National Parks (the National Park Service regulates that, not the FAA).",
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"text": "The FAA doesn't care where you land it, though if you ball it up due to poor choice of landing area then they'll have something to say.",
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"text": "Some states don't really care where you land (like Oregon), others don't let you land anywhere (like New Jersey).",
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"text": "You should contact your state and get the regulations from them.",
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"answer_details": {
"author": "aviation.stackexchange.com/users/66/Ralgha",
"score": 16
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"sents": [
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"text": "This is handled on jurisdiction by jurisdiction basis.",
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"text": "While sea plane \"bases\" are marked on the sectional, this only means that the location has been registered with the FAA.",
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"text": "The air space over the water is handled federally.",
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"text": "The water itself is handled locally.",
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"text": "When the aircraft is on the water, it is generally considered a boat under the law, except where a jurisdiction has chosen to single out sea planes.",
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"text": "Unfortunately many jurisdictions have done just that.",
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"text": "Any little mud puddle can potentially be banned for sea plane operations by the local community.",
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"text": "There is an association of sea plane pilots who involve themselves in advocacy to keep waters available.",
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"text": "They publish some useful materials on this subject.",
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"text": "If you plan on going for your sea plane endorsement, your instructor will give you the pertinent details.",
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{
"text": "If you would like to fly locally, you will need to check out your local codes.",
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"text": "If operations have not yet been banned, it would be sensible to join the association, and take an active role in keeping local waters open to sea planes in your area.",
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"answer_details": {
"author": "aviation.stackexchange.com/users/2078/Jacob Aanderson",
"score": 9
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"sents": [
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"text": "States with coastlines often manage this through a \"port authority\" association, like Massachuesetts.",
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"text": "Sometimes it is a joint association, like in the case of the PA-NY-NJ Port Authority .",
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"answer_details": {
"author": "aviation.stackexchange.com/users/57/New Alexandria",
"score": 3
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"sents": [
{
"text": "According to my research.",
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"text": "It comes down to the owner of the body of water.",
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"text": "Please read this link as it will explain everything in detail.",
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"text": "When it comes to landing a plane and a body of water the FAA has Little to no say.",
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"text": "There are some inspections that have to be performed.",
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"text": "You have to consider the zoning, other traffic, possible hazards, neighborhoods and flightpath, The amount of traffic and whether or not there is a viable airport within 5 miles.",
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"text": "Of course it also depends on the state. https://www.seaplanepilotsassociation.org/resources/faq/facilities-landing-areas/",
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"author": "aviation.stackexchange.com/users/35091/Rockrabbit",
"score": 2
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},
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"sents": [
{
"text": "Drawing on some personal observations, many float-plane sites around Seattle are marked on maps.",
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"text": "Kenmore Lake Union Rosario",
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"text": "But I've also observed float planes taking off and landing at sites that are not appropriately marked on the map.",
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"text": "I cannot cite regulations, but my eyeballs suggest that any safe place may be legally okay.",
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"answer_details": {
"author": "aviation.stackexchange.com/users/43/abelenky",
"score": 1
}
}
] | {
"question": "What are the rules with regards to landing a float plane on a body of water? Can I land anywhere (non-emergency, obviously) that would also accommodate the take-off? If not, how do I determine which bodies of water would allow it and which would not?",
"title": "If I have a float plane, can I land on any body of water?",
"forum": "aviation.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<faa-regulations><landing><seaplane>",
"link": "aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/177",
"author": "aviation.stackexchange.com/users/132/Canuk"
} | 19_25 | [
[
"It depends on the state, though you can't land in a National Park. You should contact your state and get the regulations from them.",
"General opinion seems to be that it doesn't really matter where you land, and that this is regulated on a jurisdiction by jurisdiction basis. If however something goes wrong, the FAA will have something to say"
]
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"General opinion seems to be that it doesn't really matter where a pilot lands."
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"sents": [
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"text": "ICAO Class F airspace is a bit of an odd duck (and the US FAA is apparently not the only agency that thinks so - from a quick check on Wikipedia",
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"text": "it seems more jurisdictions ignore class F than implement it.",
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"text": "They only mention Class F as being in use in Germany and the UK).",
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"text": "From a functional/regulatory standpoint Class F is a sort of hybrid between \"Class E\" controlled airspace and \"Class G\" (fully) uncontrolled airspace: Class F airspace is designated as \"uncontrolled\", but you can get ATC clearances in Class F airspace just like in controlled airspace.",
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"text": "The catch is they're \"advisory only\" (so you don't have to comply with them, and all the weight is on the pilot's shoulders ).",
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"text": "Similarly ATC will provide separation services to IFR flights in Class F airspace, but they do so \"where possible\", which means they might tell you they can't provide that service and you're on your own with see-and-avoid.",
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"text": "The general use case for Class F airspace seems to be allowing IFR flights to operate in \"uncontrolled airspace\".",
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"text": "As a US pilot (and thus having no experience with Class F Airspace), it sounds like the services provided in Class F airspace are effectively the equivalent of VFR Traffic Advisories (\"Flight Following\")",
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"text": ": Controllers can give you advisories and make suggestions , but all responsibility is ultimately still on the pilot's shoulders, and you can politely tell the controller to get stuffed if you don't like their suggestions (without needing to declare an emergency to vest yourself with that authority).",
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"text": "In the US we already have the Flight Following system and culture set up for VFR folks (and generally speaking",
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"text": "it's available nationwide, irrespective of airspace class, as long as the controller can get you on radar and isn't overworked).",
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"text": "We also have a pretty robust Class E airspace nationwide.",
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"text": "Because of this the FAA probably sees no need to designate specific \"Class F\" regions where IFR flights can get the equivalent of \"Flight Following\": If you're VFR you can usually get flight following if you want it, and if you're IFR you should have no trouble staying in controlled airspace (Class A, B, C, D, or E) for your entire route of flight.",
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"text": "Class F airspace is often used in the UK as a kind of \"GA airway.",
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"text": "\"",
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"text": "It designates preferred paths with a advisory ATC service that GA traffic can use.",
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"text": "For example, there is a class F route defined between the north west of England and the Isle of Man.",
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"text": "Having a preferred route and an ATC service makes sense for that route as its an expanse of open water.",
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"text": "It simplifies search and rescue operations.",
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"text": "As voretaq7 said, it's a bit of an odd duck, and I don't know how it works in the UK",
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"text": "but in Germany F is only to allow IFR approaches/departures for uncontrolled airfields.",
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"text": "So basically, as soon as an airfield in G has an IFR approach, they get a F airspace around them, which in turn is usually only active when there's an IFR approach in progress.",
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"text": "As soon as it's completed, it reverts to G (depicted on the sectional as \"F(HX)\", meaning it's not always active).",
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"text": "So in order to determine if F or G rules apply, you need to ask FIS or AFIS (or approach, but then you're probably IFR already, so you don't need to care).",
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"text": "VFR \"flight following\" is not related to the airspace and is provided by FIS in E, F and G airspace, as long as radar coverage is available pretty much.",
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"text": "In D and C",
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"text": "it's called CVFR and is provided by approach (or \"Radar\" as they like to call it).",
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"text": "It works the same way when shooting an approach into a G airfield in the US, you're only cleared for the approach, as soon as you enter G, it's up to you to see and avoid, as far as I know.",
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"text": "The point of having an F airspace is that the visibility requirements are different for VFR aircraft, where you have to stay a mile away/thousand feet from clouds, whereas in G they only need to stay clear of clouds.",
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"text": "Allowing IFR approaches in G has the potential of allowing an IFR aircraft pop out of a cloud and not have even a mile or thousand feet separation from the next VFR aircraft.",
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"text": "Note that these extra VFR requirements are specific to Germany and deviates from the ICAO definition of airspace",
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"text": "F. Update Germany is in the process of discontinuing the use of airspace F for IFR approaches into uncontrolled fields, in accordance with EU regulation 923/2012 \"Standardised [sic] European Rules of the Air\", or SERA.",
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"text": "Once SERA is in effect, IFR approaches will be allowed within airspace G in Germany as well.",
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"text": "Current airspace F will be replaced with airspace G and a so called \"Radio Mandatory Zone\", or RMZ.",
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"sents": [
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"text": "In Canada anyway according to the CARS (Canadian Aviation Regulations)",
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"text": "Class F airspace is \"airspace of defined dimensions within which activities must be confined because of their nature, and within which limitations may be imposed upon aircraft operations that are not a part of those activities.",
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"text": "\" Basically it's airspace dedicated to a certain activity and you better make damn sure you're not going to be getting in the way of that activity before you enter.",
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"text": "Canadian Class F is better compared to U.S. Special Use Airspace, if you read the regs for it, it covers the Canadian equivalent of Warning, Alert, Restricted, Prohibited, Military Operation, and Controlled Firing Areas.",
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"text": "Interesting that in the U.S. we do not depict,or inform about controlled firing areas, Spotter aircraft, and controllers, prevent non-participant aircraft from being harmed.",
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"text": "But they are depicted on Canadian charts, and basically treated like prohibited, or restricted areas as needed.",
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] | {
"question": "I've read that ICAO defines Class F airspace but the FAA has chosen not to use the airspace class in the US. What is the ICAO definition of Class F airspace and how does it differ from other airspace classes? What countries use Class F airspace? Why does the FAA only use A-E and G?",
"title": "What is Class F airspace, and why is it not used in the US?",
"forum": "aviation.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<faa-regulations><usa><airspace><icao><class-f-airspace>",
"link": "aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/406",
"author": "aviation.stackexchange.com/users/79/jrdioko"
} | 19_27 | [
[
"It seems more jurisdictions ignore class F than implement it. Class F is a sort of hybrid between \"Class E\" controlled airspace and \"Class G\" (fully) uncontrolled airspace. It designates preferred paths with a advisory ATC service that GA traffic can use. ",
"Most countries ignore Class F I think. It is a hybrid class, a cross between E and G, used in the UK for example a GA gateway. In general it designates preferred paths."
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"Users suggest that most countries ignore it",
"Users define class F"
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[
{
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"text": "See AC 90-66A - RECOMMENDED ‘STANDARD TRAFFIC PATTERNS AND PRACTICES FOR AERONAUTICAL OPERATIONS AT AIRPORTS WITHOUT OPERATING CONTROL TOWERS for information about uncontrolled airport traffic patterns.",
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"text": "It includes the following which says that while the FAA recommends using the full pattern, it is not required: 7.",
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"text": "GENERAL OPERATING PRACTICES.",
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"text": "a. Use of standard traffic patterns for all ‘aircraft and CTAF procedures by radio-equipped aircraft are recommended at all airports without operating control towers.",
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"text": "However, it is recognized that other traffic patterns may already be in common use at some airports or that special circumstances or conditions exist that may prevent use of the standard traffic pattern",
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"text": "And then: e.",
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"text": "The FAA encourages pilots to use the standard traffic pattern.",
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"text": "However, for those pilots who choose to execute a straight-in approach, maneuvering for and execution of the approach should be completed so as not to disrupt the flow of arriving and departing traffic.",
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"text": "Therefore, pilots operating in the traffic pattern should be alert at all times to aircraft executing straight-in approaches.",
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"text": "f. Pilots who wish to conduct instrument approaches should be particularly alert for other aircraft in the pattern SO as to avoid interrupting the flow of traffic.",
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"text": "Position reports on the CTAF should include distance and direction from the airport, as well as the pilot’s intentions upon completion of the approach",
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"answer_details": {
"author": "aviation.stackexchange.com/users/69/Lnafziger",
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{
"sents": [
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"text": "I'd like to answer your question with a short example.",
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"text": "A few days ago I flew to Venice (untowered) and decided to make a teardrop entry to set up for the 45.",
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"text": "My calls were 10 and 5 miles out, both ending with \"any traffic please advise.",
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"text": "\" Guess what I saw overtaking me on my 4 o'clock position only a few hundred feet away at same altitude (500 feet above pattern)?",
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"text": "It is legal to make a straight in, but before you think about the time or fuel you waste please think about your own and even the guys who's not on CTAF and obviously heads down safety.",
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"text": "If you fly the 45 and the continue the pattern (it's not always left, check your sectional and the A/FD)",
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"text": "everybody knows what the other one is doing and if necessary can act accordingly.",
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"answer_details": {
"author": "aviation.stackexchange.com/users/343/Falk",
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"sents": [
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"text": "It is legal.",
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"text": "The left downwind pattern entry at a 45 degree angle is recommended in the AIM to standardize operations and is therefore not regulatory in nature.",
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"text": "However, the reason it's not a particularly good idea is that not all aircraft are required to have radios at a non-towered airport.",
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"text": "A traffic pattern is quite small compared to the en route phase or an instrument approach, there's not much time or fuel to be wasted.",
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"author": "aviation.stackexchange.com/users/338/belowMins",
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"sents": [
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"text": "Nobody on the radio does NOT mean no traffic.",
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"text": "You have IFR Arrivals not yet released by approach to tower frequency, and you have 100% legal no radio aircraft.",
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"text": "Fly the pattern so that they know where to look for you!",
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"author": "aviation.stackexchange.com/users/291/Skip Miller",
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"sents": [
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"text": "There are a few airports out there with this line in their AF/D page: STANDARD TFC PATTERN REQUIRED OF ALL ACFT.",
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"text": "Such as KMBT, as seen here.",
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"text": "Not sure how legally binding this is, but it is written.",
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"author": "aviation.stackexchange.com/users/277/StallSpin",
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"sents": [
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"text": "It is recommended in the AIM and elsewhere that you use the traffic pattern.",
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"text": "However, the FAR requires only that you make any turns in the proper direction, not that you fly the pattern or enter the pattern on downwind.",
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"text": "Straight in approaches are not prohibited.",
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"text": "(91.126) \"Unless otherwise authorized or required, each person operating an aircraft on or in the vicinity of an airport in a Class G airspace area must comply with the requirements of this section....",
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"text": "When approaching to land at an airport without an operating control tower in Class G airspace...",
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"text": "Each pilot of an airplane must make all turns of that airplane to the left unless the airport displays approved light signals or visual markings indicating that turns should be made to the right, in which case the pilot must make all turns to the right;\" \"Otherwise authorized or required\" applies to circling approaches, in which turns may be made in any direction (opening up a whole new set of risks).",
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"text": "Safety and common sense may dictate that you fly the pattern as a matter of practice.",
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"text": "It is also safer to announce your position, and to announce \"left (or right) downwind\" and \"left (or right) base\", in case you or the plane you don't see happens to be going the wrong direction.",
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] | {
"question": "If there seems to be very little traffic at an untowered airport, and no one's replied to any of your radio calls, is it acceptable to just fly a straight-in approach to the runway, or should you still fly the full traffic pattern to final? It just seems like it would be a waste of time and fuel when it's not really necessary. Is there anything wrong with doing so?",
"title": "Is a full traffic pattern required when there is no traffic at an untowered airport?",
"forum": "aviation.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<approach><traffic-pattern><non-towered-airport>",
"link": "aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/622",
"author": "aviation.stackexchange.com/users/72/Qantas 94 Heavy"
} | 19_28 | [
[
"Use of standard traffic patterns for all ‘aircraft and CTAF procedures by radio-equipped aircraft are recommended at all airports without operating control towers. ",
"While it is legal not to, all advice points towards doing a full traffic pattern."
]
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"Users suggest that it is necessary",
"Users suggest it is legal not to"
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"text": "Yes, and no.",
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"text": "(and I believe FlightRadar24) will show General Aviation aircraft (I panned around a bit and found N802AF , a Pilatus, buzzing around over Bethlehem, Pennsylvania just now).",
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"text": "The catch is most of these systems are fed with ATC data, and generally only pick up flights that are either on an instrument flight plan, or which have picked up flight following & been entered into the ATC system by the controller who set up the strip.",
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"text": "Most light GA aircraft are flying around VFR (transponder code 1200), and don't show up on these flight tracking sites.",
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"text": "Similarly if you're assigned a \"local\" transponder code rather than a system-wide one you typically won't show up on the tracking sites either (this is often the case when you're flying VFR and go through Approach/Departure for Class C or Class B transitions/arrivals).",
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"text": "As more of the fleet is equipped with ADS-B this coverage may improve, as anyone can set up an ADS-B receiver and skim the traffic data.",
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"text": "That data is currently only broadcast when a \"participating aircraft\" (ADS-B Out equipped) is in the area though...",
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"text": "TL;DR",
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"text": "To properly track GA aircraft, one needs to operate professional equipment or an ATC datastream, both which are not available to most websites.",
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"text": "Flight radar 24 shows GA traffic in some occasions, but in general it cannot track these aircraft.",
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"text": "FR24 works primarily on ADS-B, which is a surveillance technology that transmits aircraft information including position.",
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"text": "Strictly speaking, ADS-B messages are not responses since they are unsolicited transmissions.",
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"text": "General aviation equipped with only a Mode A/C (/S) transponder will not transmit ADS-B data.",
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"text": "Mode A/C radar replies do not contain position information encoded in them so even if the receiver receives these responses, the position cannot be determined from them.",
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"text": "Only if a message is received by 4 receivers which are carefully synchronized in time, it is possible to determine the position that the message was sent from by analyzing the times of arrival at each receiver.",
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"text": "The travel distance of the signal to each receiver is different and even though the signal travels at the speed of light, the time difference of arrival is measurable.",
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"text": "Using the 4 times of arrival the position can be revealed using a process called multilateration.",
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"text": "FR24 is using this method for aircraft that transmit Mode S replies but for Mode A/C",
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"text": "it is difficult.",
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"text": "Firstly there is no aircraft identifier the A/C messages.",
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"text": "If a lot of aircraft are flying with the same Mode A code (e.g. 1200 VFR)",
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"text": "the arrival times quickly become ambiguous.",
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"text": "To add to the difficulty there is no difference between the Mode A and Mode C message formats, so you might easily be comparing the time of a Mode A message from one receiver to a Mode C message from another.",
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"text": "Professional multilateration systems used for ATC make use of transmission antenna's that interrogate the aircraft transponders (like radar) to remove any ambiguities.",
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"text": "This is not allowed for hobby systems.",
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"text": "Additionally FR24 works on 1090 MHz ADS-B messages.",
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"text": "In the USA, an additional ADS-B technology is in use on 978 MHz (UAT).",
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"text": "So even if GA is ADS-B equipped, in the USA",
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"text": "they might not be detected by FR24.",
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"text": "So to properly track GA aircraft, one needs professional equipment or an ATC datastream, both which are not available to most websites.",
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"text": "The FAA provides 5 minute delayed radar track of aircraft, but only of those aircraft that fly on an IFR flight plan are included.",
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"text": "Also aircraft owners can opt-out of that system for privacy reasons.",
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"text": "There are some websites that show GA movement.",
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"text": "One that I like is the monitoring website for residents living near Amsterdam airport Schiphol .",
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"text": "The website is fed by ATC data, with a delay of about 1 minute.",
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"text": "It shows all traffic except military.",
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"text": "FlightAware picks up GA traffic, but only if it is on a flight plan (which sometimes includes VFR aircraft receiving flight following) or if the aircraft is ADS-B Out equipped and within their ADS-B coverage areas .",
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"text": "Either way, you're not currently going to get a full picture of the environment from any source - not in the way that ATC does, at least.",
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"text": "Public sources aren't going to show the many, many aircraft not squawking unique codes.",
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"text": "The remarkable Skylines project offers tracking based on data transmitted from your smartphone, e.g. using the great and free XCSoar software.",
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"text": "Quite glider-centric, though.",
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"text": "You are right @Force",
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"text": "the information presented on flightradar24.com are based on transponder outputs and completed with information stored in a database.",
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"text": "Unfortunately a \"simple\" mode C or S is not sufficient for this.",
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"text": "Flightradar24 gets its data not from ATC radars but from private suporters who run a receiver for so called ADS-B outputs from the aircraft.",
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"text": "These are more advanced digital information then only the squawk, registration/callsign and altitude of an aircraft used by airliners.",
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"text": "But more and more private owners use this technology and that's why you can look foreward to track more and more G/",
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"text": "A traffic on flightradar24.com.",
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"text": "I know that flightaware.com also uses this data and additionally uses data provided by the FAA (with a five minute delay) as well.",
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"text": "But you won't be able to track any aircraft with a VFR flight plan - unless he is ADS-B equipped - becuase in the US these flight plans are only used for SAR.",
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"text": "A little additional remark: If you observe the German airspace at flightradar24.com you'll sometimes find some microlights on the 'scope' - sometimes I think these aircraft are 100kg aircraft and 250kg avionics.",
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] | {
"question": "As far as I am concerned, FlightRadar24 reads out transponder responses. As most engine driven aircrafts have at least a mode C transponder, is there a site that displays such traffic as well?",
"title": "Is there a website similar to FlightRadar24, but showing general aviation?",
"forum": "aviation.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<online-tracking><website><general-aviation>",
"link": "aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/682",
"author": "aviation.stackexchange.com/users/213/Force"
} | 19_29 | [
[
"Most of these systems are fed with ATC data, and generally only pick up flights that are either on an instrument flight plan, or which have picked up flight following & been entered into the ATC system by the controller who set up the strip. To properly track GA aircraft, one needs to operate professional equipment or an ATC datastream, both which are not available to most websites. ",
"While there are a number of website available like FlightAware and FlightRadar24, these will not display all GA plans, and only planes that are on a flight plan. For the full picture one would need to run an ATC datastream."
]
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[
{
"sents": [
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"text": "If a pilot is already speaking to ATC (or monitoring a frequency)",
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"text": "they should continue to use that frequency for any emergency or abnormal situation.",
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"text": "If they are not currently receiving ATC services or on an ATC frequency, attempt to use 121.5.",
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"text": "Many ATC providers and enroute airliners monitor this frequency and can relay or provide assistance.",
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"text": "The FAA's AIM (6-3-1) describes emergency use of 121.5 in the United States: h.",
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"text": "Although the frequency in use or other frequencies assigned by ATC are preferable, the following emergency frequencies can be used for distress or urgency communications, if necessary or desirable: 1. 121.5 MHz and 243.0 MHz.",
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"text": "Both have a range generally limited to line of sight.",
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"text": "121.5 MHz is guarded by direction finding stations and some military and civil aircraft.",
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"text": "243.0 MHz is guarded by military aircraft.",
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"text": "Both 121.5 MHz and 243.0 MHz are guarded by military towers, most civil towers, FSSs, and radar facilities.",
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"text": "Normally ARTCC",
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"text": "emergency frequency capability does not extend to radar coverage limits.",
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"text": "[emphasis mine]",
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"text": "If an ARTCC does not respond when called on 121.5 MHz or 243.0 MHz, call the nearest tower or FSS.",
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"text": "Yes, the aircraft emergency frequency (which we often call \"guard\") is 121.5 MHz.",
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"text": "This is monitored by many control towers and flight service stations.",
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"text": "It is also typically monitored by airplanes on cross-country trips (especially airliners).",
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"text": "You will occasionally hear ATC ask an airplane to try to contact another airplane \"on guard\" in an attempt to relay a message to an aircraft which they have lost communications with.",
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"text": "However, if you are currently in communication with ATC on another frequency, or there is a frequency where you know you can communicate your distress and it will be heard, you should use that frequency instead, because there is no guarantee your message will be heard on 121.5 in all parts of the country/world.",
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"text": "Older ELT's (emergency locator transmitter) also transmitted a siren type sound on this frequency when activated which sounds like this .",
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"text": "In addition, it is used as an intercept frequency.",
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"text": "In other words, if you get intercepted by a fighter jet, you better be listening in on 121.5 for any commands they give you.",
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"text": "As a general rule, declaring an emergency should be done on the frequency you are currently communicating on.",
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"text": "However, there is a dedicated emergency frequency as Bret said (121.5 MHz), which is the same all over the world.",
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"text": "It's generally used if there is no response from the ATC facility the pilot was communicating with.",
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"text": "On many glass cockpits there's even a shortcut to tune to the emergency frequency.",
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"text": "For example, on Garmin equipment like the G1000",
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"text": "and G530/430",
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"text": "you have to press and hold the \"flip-flop\" key for 2 seconds and it will automatically tune 121.5 for you.",
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"sents": [
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"text": "Canada has similar procedures to the US.",
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"text": "From the Transport Canada Aeronautical Information Manual , in the COM section: 5.11 Emergency Communications",
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"text": "[...]",
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"text": "The first transmission of the distress call and message by an aircraft should be on the air-to-ground frequency in use at the time.",
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"text": "If the aircraft is unable to establish communication on the frequency in use, the distress call and message should be repeated on the HF general calling or distress frequency",
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"text": "3 023.5",
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"text": "kHz, 5 680 kHz, 121.5 MHz, 406.1 MHz, or other distress frequency available, such as 2 182 kHz, in an effort to establish communications with any ground station or the maritime service.",
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"sents": [
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"text": "If you have two radios it is a good idea to monitor 121.5 on your second radio.",
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"text": "You can set the volume slightly lower than the primary radio you are listening to.",
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"text": "Doing this allows you to hear ELT's (remember the old ELT's are not monitored by satellites anymore - just the 406 elt's)",
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"text": "So if you hear an ELT you can notify ATC and they can investigate it.",
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"text": "This has helped more than one downed pilot.",
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"text": "Also, if you are flying VFR and nearing a TFR, or other restricted airspace, you may get a call in the blind on 121.5 giving your position, direction of flight, and altitude readout along with a warning that you are about to enter, or have entered restricted airspace.",
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"text": "This call may keep you from having a violation.",
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"text": "If you are in the restricted airspace, the call will include a direction to exit the airspace and usually a frequency to contact for directions.",
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"text": "We all need to help and watch out for each other.",
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"text": "If you do this long enough you will make a call on 121.5 in error.",
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"text": "At that time all of the people who never make mistakes will point it out to you.",
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"text": "Just remember, by monitoring 121.5 you can keep yourself stay out of trouble and help someone else who has experienced trouble.",
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"text": "121.5 MHz is the international civilian distress frequency.",
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"text": "It has been designated for emergency communication by an international agreement.",
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"text": "ICAO Annex 10, Volume V, § 4.1.3.1.1 states that frequency 121.5 MHz “shall be used only for genuine emergency purposes” broadly covering the following activities: The handling of an emergency situations; air-ground communication with aircraft with airborne equipment failure; search and rescue operations and the operation of emergency locator transmitters (ELTs); and air policing/interception action.",
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"question": "Coast patrol has a dedicated frequency for emergency that must be watched at almost all hours, and even if I recall, it had a \"dead silent period\" to prioritise whatever emergency might be reported. Is there a dedicated frequency for aviation? Or shall MAYDAYs just be sent to the standard ATC frequency?",
"title": "Is there a dedicated emergency frequency?",
"forum": "aviation.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<air-traffic-control><emergency><radio-communications>",
"link": "aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/809",
"author": "aviation.stackexchange.com/users/327/ppp"
} | 19_31 | [
[
"Attempt to use the aircraft emergency frequency, 121.5 MHz. It is a good idea to monitor it on your second radio. ",
"It is generally agreed that in the US it is 121.5 and in Canada it is 5.11."
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"It is generally agreed that in the US it is 121.5 ",
"In Canada it is 5.11"
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"text": "For (modern) gliders with highly optimized laminar flow airfoils , bugs (or dirt) are a non-negligible factor, especially in competition gliding.",
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"text": "There are some older laminar airfoils that are notoriously allergic to bugs (and rain), but all are to a certain degree.",
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"text": "This is also the reason why any glider pilot worth his or her salt will painstakingly clean their ship each afternoon and before each competition flight.",
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"text": "Sufficient bugs will degrade your performance by a noticeable amount - most gliding computers even have a special \"bug\" factor to include that into glide path calculation (even though the measuring and correllation of that is quite subjective).",
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"text": "I´ve had a few flights in somewhat biblically bug-infested conditions (summer, hot, low thermals) that more or less painted the leading edge black (like in this picture from an article on the DG Flugzeugbau website ).",
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"text": "Bug wipers are quite common on high-end and competition gliders and can be found e.g. at http://www.storka.at/ .",
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"text": "Or try to google for \"Mückenputzer\".",
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"text": "Of course bug wipers are not without drawbacks (concerning cost, installation, ease of use, drag etc.).",
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"text": "A friend of mine once stuck a banana peel on his wing and tried to remove that with the wiper, resulting in banana and wiper being stuck in the middle of the wing.",
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"text": "It took some creative maneuvers to clear that mess, by which time probably a lifetime aerodynamic benefit of cleaning had been spent.",
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"text": "As for the comparison with cars, their aerodynamics differ in a lot of ways.",
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"text": "In comparison to a wing there is no laminar flow to talk of at higher speeds (most of it is turbulent), which drastically reduces the influence of the surface smoothness on the drag produced.",
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"text": "One of the main reasons why it's not a good thing to have dead bugs on the windshield is that it becomes very difficult to spot other traffic.",
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"text": "Other planes are just little specks at a distance and when your windshield is covered with specks from dead bugs it becomes very difficult to spot another aircraft in the distance.",
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"text": "Bugs or other dirt can have several effects on a (light) aircraft: It will have some effect on airflow, however slight It may affect the paint or surface by corroding or leaving stains It can block pitot tubes or other openings",
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"text": "It can build up on windows and obstruct the view A heavy buildup of dirt could make the brakes less effective The effect of dead bugs on airflow is probably negligible (frost or ice would be a different story), but a blocked pitot tube can be very dangerous because the airspeed indicator will read incorrectly.",
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"text": "Dead bugs on the windscreen may seem like a minor issue, but even a small blind spot could hide another aircraft and prevent the pilot seeing it.",
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"text": "A lot of bugs on the leading edge of a wing does significantly degrade performance.",
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"text": "Years ago I gave a lot of float plane instruction in a J3 with an 85 hp engine.",
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"text": "If the student was heavy and there were a lot of bugs, it wouldn't fly.",
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"text": "Clean off the bugs and it would.",
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"sents": [
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"text": "Mud dauber wasps are credited for at least two total losses: Birgenair Flight 301 and Florida Commuter Airlines Flight 65 .",
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"text": "Airfoil soiling can make a large difference to performance.",
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"text": "I don't operate aircraft, but I have operated wind turbines.",
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"text": "Older stall-regulated wind turbines can take a performance hit of 20% if they're not kept clean.",
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"text": "The first thought is possibly that a build-up of dirt/bugs on the surfaces of the aircraft would affect the smooth flow of air and thus affect the amount of drag produced.",
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"text": "This could, albeit quite slight, affect the flight characteristics of the aircraft.",
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"text": "There is a secondary thought, certain substances - especially bird poo - are quite corrosive and could therefore lead to more structural damage which is extremely hard to spot.",
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"text": "You should keep your car clean for much the same reason - however on a car",
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"text": "the worst you're going to get is a little rust spot on your bodywork.",
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"text": "In the wrong place on a aircraft that could be a corroded rivet or bolt.",
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"text": "A rough surface on the leading edge of the wing has a surprisingly large effect.",
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"text": "I tried to answer a similar/related question on the Skeptics site: Can a sandpaper-thick layer of ice reduce lift by 30 percent and increase drag up to 40 percent?",
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"text": "The worst thing is a perfect flat surface, as you get a bond of static air to the surface.",
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"text": "The flowing air has to pull away from this.",
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"text": "The best I have seen is when the wing surface has millions of small features which make the air turbulent",
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"text": "- this is all on a macro scale at the surface.",
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"text": "The above flowing air rides over the turbulent air more freely. Like a stack of steel plate on thousands of ball bearings.",
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"text": "Imagine taking the bearings away and trying to slide the steel across the floor!",
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"text": "Sharks do this, their skin has details which stop the flowing water sticking.",
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"text": "Another way is the repel the air molecules at atomic level from the wing surface - reduces sticking.",
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"text": "You use a high voltage electrode on leading edge to charge the airSo",
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"text": "the wing and the air now share like charges and repel each other - less sticking.",
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"text": "Thx for the opportunity to share odd memories of random facts from decades ago.",
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"text": "I have ran out of skill now and will probably not bother you again,, Steve",
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"text": "I know that the Supermarine company painstakingly blind riveted the leading edge of the spitfire wing as it proved faster.",
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"text": "They did a series of experiments some involving gluing split peas in rows to mimic domed rivets!",
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"question": "It's noted in many POHs to keep your aircraft clean all the time, but is there a reason to this? Dirt hardly add any sort of weight to the aircraft, bugs are extremely small and other things such as cars easily move even when dirty as a mud pig. Does having dirt or bugs on your aircraft seriously affect the structure or performance signficantly? If so, why?",
"title": "Why are dirt and bugs on an aircraft so bad?",
"forum": "aviation.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<aircraft-performance><aircraft-maintenance>",
"link": "aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/829",
"author": "aviation.stackexchange.com/users/72/Qantas 94 Heavy"
} | 19_32 | [
[
"Sufficient bugs will degrade your performance by a noticeable amount. It will have some effect on airflow and will corrode the paint.",
"In light planes and gliders it is indeed a factor that will affect performance, especially on the leading edge."
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"text": "For the purposes of air pressure inside aircraft, they are broken down into two broad categories: Unpressurized - These aircraft are typically piston powered and can't go very high, so do not even attempt to regulate the air pressure inside the fuselage.",
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"text": "These aircraft do maintain pressurization in the fuselage, but it isn't constant beyond a certain point.",
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"text": "The category determines the answer to your question: Unpressurized Aircraft Unpressurized aircraft are not built air-tight for a couple of reasons:",
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"text": "It is very hard to make something as large as an airplane truly air-tight, and keep it that way.",
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"text": "Over time, seals will start to leak, fittings will loosen, etc.",
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"text": "The fuselage would have to be much stronger to withstand the pressure difference between the inside and the outside.",
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"text": "This would make them heavier and more expensive.",
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"text": "There isn't much need.",
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"text": "These airplanes don't fly high enough to really require a pressurized fuselage and a person can breathe more or less normally even though you aren't at sea level.",
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"text": "(Think of people that live on mountains.)",
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"text": "Pressurized Aircraft",
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"text": "Without going into the details of how an aircraft is pressurized (which isn't really relevant to your question), the air pressure inside the fuselage of a pressurized aircraft is usually maintained at sea level pressure up to a certain point.",
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"text": "However, the fuselage is designed to withstand a particular maximum differential air pressure, so in order to protect it (basically keep it from \"popping\" when the air pressure outside the airplane drops too low), the pressure is allowed to decrease when needed.",
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"text": "In typical jet airplanes, the pressure inside portions of the airplane (typically the passenger compartment, some of the cargo holds, and maybe an avionics bay) at cruising altitude is maintained at a pressure which corresponds to an outside air pressure at an altitude of about 5,000 - 8,000 feet (referred to as \" cab in alt itude \"), depending on the cruising altitude and the design of the airplane.",
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"text": "Many aircraft are not pressurized and therefore not airtight.",
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"text": "The occupants would suffocate, if nothing else, and most unpressurized aircraft do not regularly operate at altitudes requiring pressurization.",
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"text": "In the case of pressurized aircraft , it's actually necessary that the cabin is not airtight .",
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"text": "They are, instead, nearly airtight and can withstand significant pressure differentials.",
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"text": "Cabin pressurization works by bleeding high-pressure air from the engines, which is then run through packs (heat exchangers and air cycle machines ) to cool it.",
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"text": "After conditioning, the air is fed into the cabin.",
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"text": "This is what creates the lower cabin altitude relative to the outside atmosphere.",
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"text": "Because more air is constantly being added to the fuselage, a pressure outflow valve is required and it is constantly dumping air from inside the aircraft .",
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"text": "In normal operations, it's automatically controlled, but can be manually overridden in emergency situations.",
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"text": "Pressurized aircraft are not airtight, and neither are they constant pressure.",
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"text": "One key facet that would make being airtight impossible is the need to change pressure in the cabin.",
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"text": "To change pressure in the cabin, air is pumped in via the packs (covered in another answer), and air is let out via outflow valves.",
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"text": "The input is fairly constant flow and pressurization is modulated by how open/closed the outflow valve is.",
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"text": "Cabin pressure must change because the airframe has a maximum pressure differential between the cabin and outside (7.8 PSI in the EMB-145) and as you climb the pressure in the cabin must be reduced.",
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"text": "The cabin is generally 8000 ft pressure altitude at during cruise.",
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"text": "Subsequently the cabin pressure is increased to the landing airport during descent.",
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"text": "Accompanying these changes in pressure are temperature changes naturally occurring as result of the pressure change (see: ideal gas law).",
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"text": "You may notice this during descents in regional jets as they tend to get very warm as the cabin is compressed.",
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"text": "To regulate the temperature, you need air conditioning, and so you have packs and air cycle machines to deliver air at the proper temperature to the cabin.",
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"text": "Now that you have to provide air into the cabin, its not worth even thinking about CO2 scrubbers and O2 tanks, because the packs take care of that with fresh air.",
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"text": "That should cover airplanes not being airtight, why they aren't airtight and that the also are not constant pressure.",
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"text": "The answers so far have talked about the differences between pressurized and unpressurized airplanes, however to answer your question why they're not airtight :",
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"text": "The answer is two-fold, first as egid pointed out, the pressure differential would probably be too great for the hull to withstand.",
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"text": "Second, and in my opinion, more importantly, humans consume oxygen and output carbon dioxide (and water).",
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"text": "Having your ship airtight, would cause everyone inside to slowly but surely suffocate from carbon dioxide poisoning and lack of oxygen as the little oxygen carried within the aircraft slowly gets breathed away.",
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"text": "So you need to keep replacing that air, and the easiest way to do that is to let the old air out, and put new air in.",
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"text": "Edit",
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"text": "As Dan Pichelman points out, people in Subs aren't dropping like flies.",
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"text": "True, they're not, but they are in fact also replacing the air.",
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"text": "Almost.",
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"text": "They're removing the CO2 (using Scrubbers) and adding Oxygen (from oxygen tanks).",
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"text": "It would probably be possible to solve it this way for aircraft as well.",
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"text": "The question remains whether it is feasible weight wise, and if it's easier to just pressurize the aircraft using bleed air and dump the old air overboard.",
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"text": "In many General Aviation aircraft (small planes that don't go above approximately 12,000 ft.), the air pressure in the fuselage is the same as the outside air.",
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"text": "Most people have no difficulties at altitudes up to 12,000 ft, so there is no need to maintain a pressurized environment.",
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"text": "Specific rules state that unpressurized airplanes have supplemental oxygen available, depending on how high the plane is, for how long, and whether its flying during the day or night.",
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"question": "I just heard it somewhere but I'm not sure about it. If it is, then why don't they build airtight fuselages?",
"title": "Is constant air pressure maintained inside the fuselage?",
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"link": "aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/948",
"author": "aviation.stackexchange.com/users/574/shabby"
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"For the purposes of air pressure inside aircraft, they are broken down into two broad categories: Unpressurized, These aircraft are typically piston powered and can't go very high and pressurized.",
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"text": "Normally, an airfoil is optimized for best lift/drag (L/D) efficiency for a certain flight profile (usually a compromise).",
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"text": "Since most of the time for most aircraft inverted flight is not an issue, you get an airfoil that is optimized for upright flight, and this is best achieved with asymmetric geometries.",
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"text": "However, depending on the angle of attack any airfoil can (and will) generate \"negative\" lift, only much less efficiently so, than for the optimized regime, resulting in increased drag.",
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"text": "For symmetric airfoils commonly used for aerobatic planes, the performance for upright and inverted flight is quite similar.",
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"text": "For 99% of all other airfoils inverted flight will work up to a certain point, depending on the available power, CG, the maximum lift and rudder forces availabe before stall.",
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"text": "As a result, for some aircraft, a stable inverted flight cannot be maintained, while for others it could be (but with varying penalty to performance, stall speed etc).",
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"text": "The aerodynamical possiblity of inverted flight is of course limited by structural and other considerations.",
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"text": "This relation between a wing's curvature and a pressure difference on both sides is often part of the 'equal transit time' explanation; air on the curved side has to traverse a longer distance in the same amount of time, therefore goes faster, which leads to a lower pressure.",
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"text": "This explanation is very common and completely wrong.",
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"text": "In normal flight, pitching the nose up causes the aircraft to climb because the wings meet the air at a steeper angle; the lift increases.",
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"text": "It makes sense that rotating the wings in the opposite direction decreases lift.",
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"text": "In fact, point the nose down far enough and the wings will produce no lift at all.",
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"text": "Beyond that, the generated lift becomes negative and the wings will start to pull the aircraft down.",
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"text": "During our hypothetical manoeuvre, our attitude has varied by about 10°.",
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"text": "That's not exactly flying upside down yet, the curved side of the wings were on top the entire time.",
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"text": "Whether or not the lift was pointing up as well, depended on the angle at which the wings meet the air, the angle of attack.",
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"text": "The same is true for inverted flight.",
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"text": "If we find ourselves at an attitude where the wings are pulling us down, we raise the nose.",
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"text": "At first, the downward lift will disappear and at higher angles of attack, start pointing up and grow larger.",
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"text": "At sufficient airspeeds and angles of attack, we have enough lift to maintain altitude upside down.",
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"text": "So why do wings need to be curved at all?",
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"text": "They don't.",
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"text": "Flat wings also provide lift at non-zero angles of attack and are perfectly usable, but not very efficient.",
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"text": "Properly shaped airfoils create more lift and less drag.",
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"text": "To find out why, consult a more accurate explanation of how planes really fly.",
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"text": "Short answer is that explanation is wrong .",
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"text": "How planes actually generate lift is far more complicated.",
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"text": "Bernoulli's Principle (airfoil shape) is only one of the lifting forces.",
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"text": "Equally important is deflection (Newton's law), and on propellor aircraft, accelerated airflow.",
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"text": "'Newtonian' lift is the upward reaction of the wing to its downward deflection of the air-stream.",
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"text": "The most efficient way to deflect the airstream is a gradual acceleration, accomplished by a concave lower surface.",
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"text": "The upper surface shape must prevent premature 'separation' (chaotic vacuum eddies) of the upper airflow.",
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"text": "A symmetric wing can still deflect the air-stream, depending on its angle-of-attack; it has the same lift and drag whether right-side-up or inverted, which is not as efficient as a right-side-up normal wing, but better than an inverted normal wing.",
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"question": "I'm simplifying here, but every introduction to flying shows us that the profile of a wing leads to lower pressure on the upper side of the wing, hence the wing and the plane attached to it will be pulled up. All right. How does that explain a plane flying inverted? If the explanation was right, the plane would pull itself towards earth.",
"title": "If the profile of a wing pulls a plane up, why can planes fly inverted?",
"forum": "aviation.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<aerodynamics><wing>",
"link": "aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/1152",
"author": "aviation.stackexchange.com/users/133/Krumelur"
} | 19_35 | [
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"an airfoil is optimized for best lift/drag (L/D) efficiency for a certain flight profile. The desired angle of attack for conventional aerodynamically controlled aircraft is maintained by the elevator. As a result, for some aircraft, a stable inverted flight cannot be maintained, while for others it could be",
"Some aircraft can do it and others cannot due to their characteristics, and the elevetaro plays a major part in this"
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"text": "The brakes are much more effective than anything else, at least for the jet I have experience in (EMB-145).",
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"text": "I never tried not using the brakes, and if I were to I would want a light airplane and a very long runway.",
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"text": "As Lnafziger pointed out in the comments, the brakes are part of redundant systems so that they are always available.",
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"text": "In the EMB-145, the brakes were serviced by two independent* hydraulic systems.",
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"text": "The inboard brakes were on one system while the outboards were on the other for a total of four wheels each with big carbon fiber brakes.",
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"text": "To address the comments on slick runways, assuming braking action allows an attempt to land in the first place, you have to be careful.",
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"text": "With reverse thrust alone you may not be able to maintain the runway centerline and directional control may become difficult through uneven deployment of the reversers and other factors.",
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"text": "In this scenario the spoilers are helpful to increase traction and brake effectiveness.",
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"text": "In short, if the runway is slick then the only way I'm attempting a no-wheel-brake landing is after declaring an emergency.",
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"text": "Finally, to address the question in the title, the wheel brakes are always the primary means of slowing the airplane.",
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"text": "*",
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"text": "You could transfer fluid between our systems through the parking brake.",
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"text": "Perhaps instead of thinking of a single primary means of slowing a large jet, we should think about a primary means for a given set of conditions, the combinations of which are numerous.",
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"text": "To mention a few: What is the weight of the aircraft.",
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"text": "Passenger aircraft are typically nowhere near max landing weight when they land.",
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"text": "Freighters are often loaded such that they may be very close (or even over truth be told) to max landing weight.",
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"text": "Is the aircraft going to be on the ground a sufficient time for brakes heated to their max to cool?",
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"text": "Was the leg from which you are landing long enough to allow the brake and tire energy from the taxi and takeoff to dissipate?",
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"text": "Is where you're landing used to having to handle hot brakes and thus can be expected to have a huffer readily available to cool them and people who know how to do it?",
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"text": "Do you have a reverser locked out for maintenance.",
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"text": "Does your next departure allow for safely leaving the gear down for awhile and thus gave you more leeway on heating the brakes when you landed.",
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"text": "Just some thoughts.",
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"text": "This video on YouTube shows a 777 in certification trials, accelerating at maximum gross weight from standing start to $V_R$, then stopping with maximum brake pressure and no reverse thrust.",
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"text": "The brake discs are also ground down to the minimum thickness permitted by the maintenance manual to simulate the worst case scenario.",
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"text": "The brakes get white hot!",
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"text": "Then the plane has to taxi for 5 minutes, before having the fire department cool the brakes.",
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"text": "The test is to ensure that the brakes can handle the maximum load as certified, and secondly that the brakes do not catch on fire and incinerate the airplane.",
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"text": "If the runway is slick it just takes longer to stop.",
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"text": "Thrust reverse will help significantly in this case.",
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"text": "Thrust reverse is prohibited below a certain speed because the reverse thrust will kick up FOD which the engines may suck in, causing expen$ive damage.",
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"text": "However, in an emergency, thrust reverse will stop the plane.",
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"text": "While landing you want to reduce speed for which you need spoilers and to have more lift and drag",
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"text": "you have the Flaps deployed than just when you touch down on runway ground spoilers are deployed.",
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"text": "If want to land with short runway length then you go for reverse thrust (nice to have in normal scenario but",
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"text": "in case of emergency it can be a life-saver).",
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"text": "Then we need wheel brakes to stop the plane.",
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"text": "Effectiveness: When in air/near ground: only spoilers/Flaps and airbrake (ground spoilers) are effective to reduce speed of aircraft but not to stop it",
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"text": "Flap are required to keep the aircraft in a configuration such that you don't crash on ground When on ground: you still have airbrakes/spoilers effective when aircraft speed is high but its effectiveness decreases at low speed.",
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"text": "So, are other control surfaces useless @ low speed (Flaps/Spoilers etc).",
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"text": "Reverse thrust and wheel brakes are the one you can rely on.",
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"text": "Failures:All critical systems on aircraft have redundancy so the probabilty of failure is around 1e-8 /flight",
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"text": "-hr",
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"text": "but still you never know.",
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"text": "I think you will be able to land",
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"text": "but you need more runway length in case of two fail scenario.",
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"text": "Yes, I believe you can land without wheel brakes by using reverse thrust but purpose of reverse thrust is only to reduce aircraft speed such that we land on short runway.",
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"text": "so, its not recommended to not use wheel brakes and use reverse thrust.",
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"text": "Slick runway/rain or snow on runway has same effect as it has on other land vehicles..",
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"text": "Aircraft will take more runway length than usual.",
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"text": "plain and simple: the brakes.",
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"text": "Reverse thrust is much less effective than brakes.",
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"text": "And that's just talking about the force to slow down, not even taking into account that jet engines need a few seconds to spool up (6 or more) and brakes are effective immediately (perhaps 1 s delay).",
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] | {
"question": "I understand that a large(r) commercial jet slows down after landing using the following methods: Wheel brakes Reverse thrust Spoilers/flaps/airbrakes What is the effectiveness of each compared to the others? What if one of the first 2 fails? Can an airliner usually be stopped without using wheel brakes or without using reverse thrust? And what if the runway is slick because of rain, snow or ice? Does that change the equation?",
"title": "For large jets, what is the primary means of slowing down after landing?",
"forum": "aviation.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<landing><airliner><braking><thrust-reverser>",
"link": "aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/1219",
"author": "aviation.stackexchange.com/users/4/Philippe Leybaert"
} | 19_36 | [
[
"The brakes are more effective than anything else. Our landing performance data typically assumes full braking application, spoilers deployed and no reverse thrust. ",
"While reverse thrust and spoilers deployed do help to slow the plan down, it is the brakes that do the most work."
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"Users suggest the brakes play the most important part",
"Thrust reverse also helps."
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[
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"text": "It depends on the ejection seat.",
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"text": "Modern zero-zero ejection seats are designed to be usable at zero speed, zero altitude.",
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"text": "Older ejection seats had different minimums which varied from model to model.",
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"text": "On a side note, the early F-104 ejection seats required quite a bit of altitude to deploy properly, since the pilot exited through the bottom of the aircraft.",
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"text": "This was done because there was some concern that the pilot would hit the F-104's T-tail with a standard ejection seat.",
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"text": "EDIT",
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"text": "It appears that it may actually be possible to eject from an inverted aircraft.",
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"text": "According to Wikipedia (bold added for emphasis): The minimal ejection altitude for ACES II seat in inverted flight is about 140 feet (43 m) above ground level at 150 KIAS.",
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"text": "While the Russian counterpart - K-36DM has the minimal ejection altitude from inverted flight of 100 feet (30 m) AGL.",
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"text": "When an aircraft is equipped with the Zvezda K-36DM ejection seat and the pilot is wearing the КО-15 protective gear, he is able to eject at airspeeds from 0 to 1,400 kilometres per hour (870 mph) and altitudes of 0 to 25 km (16 mi or about 82,000 ft).",
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"text": "The K-36DM ejection seat features drag chutes and a small shield that rises between the pilot's legs to deflect air around the pilot.",
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"text": "Pilots have successfully ejected at negative altitudes in a handful of instances, after being forced to ditch in water.",
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"text": "Documented evidence exists that pilots of the US and Indian Navies have performed this feat.",
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"text": "Also: I once read, but cannot now locate, the citation awarded a pilot of the USAF for the world record lowest altitude successful (i.e. the pilot survived) emergency ejection from a stricken aircraft over land: sixteen feet below ground level.",
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"text": "Apparently the young pilot was practicing with his T-33 single-engine trainer when the engine flamed out and could not be restarted.",
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"text": "The pilot observed the flat desert below, crossed by several paved roads and highways.",
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"text": "One road seemed to be completely clear of traffic, so he opted for a gear-down dead-stick landing on it, hoping to minimize damage to the aircraft.",
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"text": "He discovered only after touchdown that the paved strip was not a road at all but a flash flood drainage ditch, wide enough for the fuselage but not the wings.",
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"text": "The aircraft was seriously damaged and set on fire.",
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"text": "The damage prevented the canopy from opening, so the pilot used the ejection seat to escape burning to death.",
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"text": "He survived with minor burns, some compression damage to his spine, and two broken ankles.",
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"text": "The Martin Baker MkGRU7 and EA7 on both the A6 Intruder and on the EA6B Prowler aircraft",
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"text": "have \"zero-zero\" capability, which means that the seats could be fired at zero AGL and zero airspeed.",
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"sents": [
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"text": "Quite a few years back, about 28 to be exact",
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"text": "I worked on Mirage III service for the RAAF and one of my jobs",
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"text": "was to fit the ejection seats after major airframe servicing.",
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"text": "Originally they were fitted with Martin Baker OM6 and these seats were zero-90 classification.",
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"text": "They were powered by cartridges, basically a big multi stage canon that shot you out of the plane.",
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"text": "This means they were able to be used at zero altitude and 90 knots forward speed, the speed was purely to have enough air flow to open the chute fully but mostly to help with the removal of the canopy by blowing it backwards.",
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"text": "The canopy jettison would unlock the canopy and lift the front into the airstream, the forward motion would do the rest.",
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"text": "Later we made a modification to the seats to make them into zero/zero capability and this included fitting a rocket pack under the seat that would launch the seat to a safe height enough for the parachute to open normally.",
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"text": "In both cases the seats were capable of going through the canopy but normally the canopy would eject first except in the zero zero situation where the seat would go through the canopy.",
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"sents": [
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"text": "It all depends upon the seat type, altitude, speed, attitude and orientation of the aircraft during the ejection process.",
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"text": "Ejection seats just provide a velocity vector in order to give the pilot enough time to clear the crippled aircraft and deploy the recovery parachute, as this USAF training film shows.",
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"text": "This results in an envelope of airspeed, altitude, and attitude in which the seat can be activated allowing for a safe recovery.",
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"text": "For a so called 'Zero-Zero' ejection seat, it allows for a safe ejection from an aircraft on the ground in level flight attitude.",
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"text": "It does NOT guarantee safe ejection from an aircraft in unusual or inverted attitudes at low altitudes or airspeeds.",
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"text": "In the Boeing ACES II ejection seat a basic guide to seat characteristics is given here.",
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"text": "I can't comment on the capabilities of the Russian seats.",
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"text": "However the Russians do have a tendancy to be excessivly boastful and colorful with a gullible western press, such as the 1989 crash of a MiG-29 at the Paris Airshow, where the press ran with a story about the K36 seats being able to safely eject at low altitudes and extreme attitudes.",
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"text": "The reality was the seat in this incident was activated outside of its safety envelope; the pilot was just lucky he wasn't killed.",
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"author": "aviation.stackexchange.com/users/15637/Carlo Felicione",
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}
] | {
"question": "Is there generally a minimum altitude for ejecting in order for the sequence to function reliably (all the way to opening the chute, and slowing down to a survivable descent rate)? I've seen ejector seats test being done on the ground, don't know if there were actually test pilots in those seats though. I assume all bets are off if you're not wings level (obviously a low-level inverted ejection has a 0% chance of success).",
"title": "Is there a minimum altitude for ejection seats?",
"forum": "aviation.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<military><ejection-seat>",
"link": "aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/1439",
"author": "aviation.stackexchange.com/users/2/falstro"
} | 19_37 | [
[
"It depends on the ejection seat. Older seats have different minimums. Modern zero-zero ejection seats are designed to be usable at zero speed, zero altitude. Pilots have successfully ejected at negative altitudes in a handful of instances, after being forced to ditch in water. ",
"It depends on the seat type, modern seats can be deployed even at 0 altitude and 0 speed"
]
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"Users tend to agree that it depends on the seat type. "
]
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"text": "A great site to download airport diagrams and other charts is charts.aero .",
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"text": "As of April 2015, however, the site seems gone.",
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"text": "Airport diagrams show all the taxiways and ramps, which is what you are looking for.",
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"text": "Keep in mind that this is an unofficial website.",
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"text": "The charts should not be used for actual navigation.",
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"text": "In the US, you can find this on the FAA's website here .",
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"text": "You can search for a US Airport, and it will pull up a Airport diagram with Taxiways, Runup areas, and Runways on it.",
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"text": "I couldn't find an official guide for European airports, but this site has a detailed guide for CDG , among others, with a taxiway map being one component.",
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"text": "They also have a similar guide for AMS .",
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"text": "They do not have one for PRG.",
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"text": "Keep in mind these are unofficial charts.",
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"text": "As Lnafziger noted, this site also has airport charts, including approaches.",
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"text": "The downside is you must register (free) first to access them.",
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"text": "You can read more in this answer .",
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"text": "If you look up the ICAO code, e.g. here http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Civil_Aviation_Organization_airport_code",
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"text": "then Google for the code",
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"text": "+ charts, e.g \"EGLL charts\"",
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"text": ", you will usually find what you're looking for. https://www.google.co.uk/search?q=egll+charts",
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"text": "Airport ground charts are always part of the AIP (Airport Information Publication).",
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"text": "They are usually publicly available in electronic format, but not always easy to find.",
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"text": "Wikipedia's entry for AIP has a For european airports, you can get them from Eurocontrol (requires registration).",
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"text": "However, you can also usually get these directly from the country's CAA or AIS.",
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"text": "Here's the ones you asked for (be aware these links may only work for a short period of time): Paris CDG .",
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"text": "Amsterdam Schiphol .",
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"text": "Prague .",
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"sents": [
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"text": "Just stumbled across this directory, hosted by VATSIM.",
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"text": "Doesn't appear to be entirely up to date but does provide a link for charts for Prague, among many others.",
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"text": "(Includes links to content that may be behind a paywall though). http://www.vatsim.net/charts/",
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] | {
"question": "Whenever I sit in an aircraft and we taxi around the airport, I wonder how exactly is the airport organized, for example, the arrangement of the taxiways and runways. Is it possible to locate airport diagrams? I'm mostly interested in Paris CDG, Prague PRG and Amsterdam AMS.",
"title": "Are the airport \"taxi\" plans available online?",
"forum": "aviation.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<airport><taxiing><eu>",
"link": "aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/1539",
"author": "aviation.stackexchange.com/users/802/yo'"
} | 19_38 | [
[
"A great site to download airport diagrams and other charts is charts.aero. You can also find airport diagrams that show all the taxiways and ramps. ",
"You can find such information on charts.aero, on the FAA website or on the individual airports websites."
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"There are a number of places where this information can be found."
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"text": "It would actually miss the point of wind tunnel testing.",
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"text": "A free flying model could only be subject to air stream in speed and direction so that the forces are balanced.",
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"text": "A fixed model on the other hand can be subject to air stream of any direction and speed and the forces measured.",
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"text": "It is important to measure the forces under those conditions too.",
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"text": "Could you?",
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"text": "Yes, probably, but it would be very difficult due to the very limited space.",
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"text": "You would have to have a huge airflow in excess of 50 knots for a small aircraft, and you could not simulate any motion fully, such as takeoffs rolls.",
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"text": "You could also not test stalls and other manoeuvres.",
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"text": "I think the main reason against this is that this is simple areas of flight dynamics that can just as well be done with computational fluid dynamics on a computer for a fraction of the effort and cost.",
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"text": "I don't think it would be safer either.",
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"text": "It's a very confined space, and you couldn't cut the airflow very quickly, so it's probably more dangerous than flying outside with unlimited space and a stable airflow.",
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"sents": [
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"text": "You certainly could fly a completely assembled aircraft in a sufficiently-large wind tunnel -- at least in theory (theory is an awesome place - everything always works there.",
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"text": "When I retire I'm moving to theory).",
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"text": "In reality there are lots of drawbacks which have already been pointed out, but there's one that hasn't been yet: Wind tunnel testing is traditionally done with scale models, and even then it's not \"cheap\"",
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"text": ": It takes a lot of power to move wind through a tunnel at high speed, and scaling this up to a full size airframe - even small-airplane size like your typical Cessna or Piper trainer - is cost-prohibitive since you would have to build the entire plane and then pay to blow high-velocity air over it.",
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"text": "( There are wind tunnels at this scale though - at least one.",
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"text": "NASA spent a lot of money on it, and then Boeing and Airbus came out with their new super-jumbo planes which don't fit!)",
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"text": "It's also worth pointing out that the kind of fluid dynamics modeling that used to be done with wind tunnels and smoke trails is now often done with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software .",
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"text": "Cheaper, Safer (no risk of parts blowing off and bouncing down the tunnel), and more accurate in many regards -- but nowhere near as much fun to watch :)",
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"sents": [
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"text": "There have been tests of real aircraft in wind tunnels, with a pilot sitting in the cockpit.",
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"text": "But in all cases the plane had been tied in place with strings.",
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"text": "Trimming the lift and especially the thrust in all phases of the test is really impossible.",
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"text": "The Messerschmitt 109 was tested in the French Chalais-Meudon tunnel in 1940, the Bell P-39 was tested at Langley, where the top speed could be improved from",
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"text": "340 to 392 MPH, the P-51 was tested at Langley in 1943 like most small military planes of that period, and lately a stealth demonstrator made by MBB was tested in 1984, in most cases with the pilot in place.",
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"text": "These are the ones I know; there were certainly more.",
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"sents": [
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"text": "Yes you can.",
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"text": "Yes it has been done.",
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"text": "And yes people are still doing it.",
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"text": "The caveat being that most (all?) of the tests are done with scale models rather than full size planes.",
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"text": "Free flight wind tunnel tests are done for different reasons from static mounted tests.",
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"text": "Where static mounted tests are done to collect measurements of forces acting on the aircraft/part, free flight tests are done to understand",
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"text": "/confirm the stability of the aircraft.",
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"text": "Flying a model plane in such confined spaces is very difficult and typically the plane will tend to wander around in the wind tunnel.",
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"text": "As such, the data that you can get from a free flight test is very limited.",
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"text": "Due to the difficulties of doing the test and the limited amount of data you can get from it",
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"text": "most new plane designs don't go through such a test.",
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"text": "Instead, what typically happens is that the design goes straight to a radio controlled scale model that is flown outdoors to study its stability.",
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"text": "However, when trying out new ideas that has not been developed it is still worth doing the stability tests in a controlled environment - in a large wind tunnel.",
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"text": "Here are some old videos of free flight wind tunnel tests (these come from a time period where the behavior of delta wings were not yet fully understood): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OGmigdhxMRw https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aDIQc3-umf4",
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"text": "Here's a more recent video of a free flight wind tunnel test of the Blended Wing Body: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B7zMkptajMQ",
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"text": "No, you cannot fly a plane like that.",
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"text": "Problem is: propulsion is missing.",
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"text": "Once you expose a plane model to an airstream, the airfoils (wings) start producing lift but also drag.",
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"text": "In real world, an airplane requires propulsion to overcome the drag (induced drag,parasite drag,..)",
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"text": "in order to move forward.",
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"text": "The wind tunnel airplane model would just lift-off and fall behind, there would be no chance to establish a stabilized flight attitude where propulsion equals drag and lift equals weight.",
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"text": "Such a stabilization is required to seriously start measuring.",
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"text": "That's why the models are strapped down to a pylon or whatever.",
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"text": "Measuring results can therefore also be reproduced (certain fixed AoA's at certain airstream speeds etc.)",
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"question": "There are very large wind tunnels out there. Wouldn't it be very efficient to test new airplanes flying them \"on the spot\" inside of these tunnels? That is, in free flight - not mounted to a pylon? One could presumably omit the test pilot and remote control them, get excellent visual feedback and have a completely controlled environment. Has this been done? If not, why?",
"title": "Can you fly a plane in a wind tunnel?",
"forum": "aviation.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<aircraft-certification><wind-tunnel>",
"link": "aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/1913",
"author": "aviation.stackexchange.com/users/935/yippy_yay"
} | 19_39 | [
[
"You certainly could fly a completely assembled aircraft in a sufficiently-large wind tunnel. There have been tests of real aircraft in wind tunnels, with a pilot sitting in the cockpit. The caveat being that most of the tests are done with scale models rather than full size planes. ",
"While in theory you could fly a plane inside a wind tunnel, even with the limited space, and it has been done, you could not really test stalls or other maneuvers, there would be no propulsion and you would need a huge amount of airflow."
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"sents": [
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"text": "There is no difference between civil and military aircraft.",
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"text": "Not the least because the civil and military transport aircraft are actually the same models .",
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"text": "Many military planes have civil variants like Lockheed C-130/ L-100 , other military planes are derived from civil ones, e.g. C-135 is B707.",
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"text": "The difference depends on where the wings and engines are placed.",
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"text": "All the aircraft actually have similar clearance from the ground.",
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"text": "Just on some the lowest point is fuselage, on others",
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"text": "it's the engines hanging down from the wings and on propeller driven ones it is often the propellers.",
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"text": "Cargo planes (like C-130, C-5, An-124 or An-224) are often built with high wings, so the fuselage is lower and therefore easier to load.",
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"text": "This is also concern for regional airliners as they are designed to carry their own stairs.",
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"text": "That's why BAe146 , ATR-42 or Dash-8 are high-wing and other like Bombardier CRJ series have tail-mounted engines so they can also be lower.",
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"text": "On the other hand low or mid-wing designs with wing-mounted engines have better aerodynamic properties, which is why that construction prevails for large airlines.",
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"text": "Easier to Load As stated earlier, this is your primary reason.",
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"text": "You have to be able to load in cargo from the ground.",
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"text": "If you want to get troops and vehicles in fast to somewhere with minimum equipment, you want to be able to roll them of the aircraft, and the lower the aircraft, the easier this is done.",
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"text": "Other considerations:",
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"text": "Shorter gear is stronger",
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"text": "The longer you make the gear, the more it will bend.",
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"text": "Bad news if you're trying to land on rough ground.",
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"text": "More Cargo space",
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"text": "The shorter you make the gear, the less trouble you have finding space for it inside the aircraft, where you want to maximise the amount of space you have for cargo, especially for vehicles and the like.",
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"text": "The anatomy of a cargo aircraft is that they are typically hollow inside, unlike passenger aircraft where they fold up into the center section.",
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"text": "Landing gear is heavy Landing gear is very heavy, since its got to support the weight of the entire aircraft above.",
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"text": "The shorter you make it-",
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"text": "the lighter the aircraft gets.",
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"text": "Better use of ground effect",
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"text": "The low gear may bring the aircraft a little bit closer to the ground, maximising ground effect and lowering your landing speed, again very ideal for rough terrain.",
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"text": "Note: These don't only apply to military aircraft, but to a lot of commericial ones as well, since the benefits are the same.",
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"text": "Look at the Dash-8, ATR 42/72, BAe 146 along with the rear-engined planes, and they all try to do this for these reasons, although ease of cargo loading might not come first on the list.",
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"text": "For the aircraft you use as examples the aircraft height above the ground (landing gear height) is mostly a function of use-case and clearances.",
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"text": "For the Boeing and Airbus airplanes you mention, the gear need be long to accommodate the engines hanging under the wings as well as the minimum bank angle needed to avoid wing strikes.",
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"text": "On the other hand, the C-130 has the engines mounted up on a high wing and the aircraft needs to handle big slow heavy things like tanks being driven into the cargo.",
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"text": "The need of the tanks specifically probably mandates the interior floor be pretty close to the ground, or you might need extremely long ramps to for the tank to ascend (and these would pose their own problems).",
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"text": "C-130 Addendum Purpose-designed for cargo - rather novel at the time back then, perhaps.",
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"text": "Look at WWII films of the C-47 or Berlin Airlift film of",
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"text": "C-54 's.",
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"text": "How the heck do they get anything in there?",
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"text": "Designed around a \"standard truck bed height\" floor and a \"standard railroad box car\" dimensions - 10' x 10'.",
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"text": "The short landing gear derives from the basic design goals.",
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"text": "Further, the wheels are in tandem - one behind the other vice side by side.",
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"text": "And the tires are fat.",
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"text": "These aid operating out of unimproved/dirt fields.",
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"text": "The leading tire \"plows the way\" so to speak for the rear tire.",
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"text": "Fat tires lowers the \"per square foot\" weight on the tires.",
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"text": "The longer you make the gear, the more it will bend.",
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"text": "Bad news if you're trying to land on rough ground.",
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"text": "Ironically the C-130 landing gear is wimpy when it comes to side loads.",
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"text": "It does not have adequate side-bracing.",
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"text": "Straight ahead, we can pretty much plop that puppy on the ground relatively aggressively.",
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"text": "But, during taxi, stopping while still in a turn is a write-up and requires maintenance inspection prior to flight.",
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"text": "The first possibility that jumps to mind is that one is more comfortable than the other, The C-130 is designed for utility, by masochists.",
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"text": "It is painfully loud, too cold and too hot at the same time, vibrates like the inside of a jack hammer; and if the the prop synchro-phaser ever fails will drive you insane in short order.",
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"text": "The biggest factor in landing gear length is going to be how the engine(s) is/are mounted and ensuring they have clearance.",
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"text": "The C-130 and turbo-prop commuter airliners (Embraer and Bombardier) have the engines in line with the bottom of the wing which is attached to the top of the fuselage.",
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"text": "Large airliners (Airbus and Boeing) have engines slung well under the wings which attach near the bottom of the fuselage.",
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"text": "The turbo props get a lot of clearance from the height of the fuselage while the jets rely on longer gear legs.",
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] | {
"question": "Why do military aircraft have a lower landing gear than civilian? I have in mind the difference between a Lockheed C-130 Hercules and a Boeing or Airbus. The first possibility that jumps to mind is that one is more comfortable than the other, which is more robust. But would an aircraft designer reduce robustness to provide more comfort?",
"title": "Why are military and civil aircraft landing gear generally so different?",
"forum": "aviation.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<aircraft-design><military><landing-gear>",
"link": "aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/2042",
"author": "aviation.stackexchange.com/users/914/Quora Feans"
} | 19_40 | [
[
"There is no difference between civil and military aircraft. Civil and military transport aircraft are actually the same models. The difference depends on where the wings and engines are placed.",
"There is practically no difference between the two, however it does depend on where the wings and engines are placed. It is also a fact that shorter landing gear is stronger."
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"Users say there is practically no difference between the two.",
"However it does depend on a number of factors."
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"text": "The only term in the Pilot Controller Glossary is Go Around, so should technically be the only term used, at least when communicating with ATC: GO",
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"text": "AROUND- Instructions for a pilot to abandon his/her approach to landing.",
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"text": "Additional instructions may follow.",
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"text": "Unless otherwise advised by ATC, a VFR aircraft or an aircraft conducting visual approach should overfly the runway while climbing to traffic pattern altitude and enter the traffic pattern via the crosswind leg.",
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"text": "A pilot on an IFR flight plan making an instrument approach should execute the published missed approach procedure or proceed as instructed by ATC; e.g., \"Go around\" (additional instructions if required).",
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"text": "(See LOW APPROACH.)",
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"text": "(See MISSED APPROACH.)",
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"text": "The ATP PTS also includes a Rejected Landing, which is what our simulator instructors refer to as a Balked Landing, and must be at or below 50 feet AGL.",
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"text": "It has the following note describing it in the PTS: NOTE:",
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"text": "The maneuver may be combined with instrument, circling, or missed approach procedures, but instrument conditions need not be simulated below 100 feet above the runway.",
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"text": "This maneuver should be initiated approximately 50 feet above the runway or landing area and approximately over the runway threshold or as recommended by the FSB Report.",
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"text": "The pilot follows the same procedures for both of them by aborting the landing, cleaning up the airplane, and flying the appropriate procedure afterwards.",
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"text": "Almost everything I read says that a balked landing is the same thing as a go-around.",
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"text": "(Indeed, the wikipedia page for balked landing redirects to the 'go-around' page).",
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"text": "In these cases, a balked landing, also known as a go-around, creates a better opportunity for a near perfect landing [ src ] A balked landing – also known as a go-around, is an aborted landing of an aircraft that is on final approach … for landing [ src ] This thread mentions that they are the same as a go-around, but can include when the wheels briefly touch down.",
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"text": "However, I did find one slightly dissenting opinion here : I don’t know of an official definition of a balked landing that makes it different from a go-around.",
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"text": "The way the balked landing term is generally used is that the actual landing procedure has begun and must be aborted.",
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"text": "A go-around generally begins at a higher altitude and lacks the urgency of the balked landing.",
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"text": "So, in summary, they're pretty much the same thing (or exactly the same thing), but some people differentiate the two by the altitude the procedure begins at.",
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"text": "While there is no distinction between balked landing <-> go arround, \"technically\" you will find in regulations a difference between balked landing and missed approach .",
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"text": "Missed Approach climb is defined as a go-around from at or above DH (possibly with one engine inoperative).",
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"text": "CS(Part",
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"text": ") 25 assumes required gradient on: Go-around thrust on remaining engines",
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"text": "Landing gear retracted Approach flap set",
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"text": "Balked Landing climb is a go-around from below DH, possibly in the flare",
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"text": "(note that all engines are assumed available).",
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"text": "25 assumes required gradient on : Go-around thrust all engines Landing gear down Landing flap set",
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"text": "Balked Landing is a very low altitude Go-Around.",
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"text": "Not a term you would use with ATC, they don't care.",
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"text": "It's a term found in certain aircraft flight manuals and requires a slightly different procedure than a normal go-around, similar to a rejected landing.",
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"text": "Usually wheel touchdown is likely and you must verify airspeed increasing past a certain point (safe flap retract speed) and positive rate of climb before de-configuring, otherwise you risk touching down with the gear in transit or slamming down because of loss of lift from flaps/slats.",
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"text": "The missed approach procedure is published with considering the terrain in the area.",
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"text": "It is calculated that an aircraft can safely go around clearing the terrain if it starts go-around at the DH.",
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"text": "If the aircraft descents below DH, and decides to go around things go different.",
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"text": "Because now it starts the procedure approximately 200' below and also 1NM ahead of the published missed approach procedure.",
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"text": "This is a balked landing, and has to be handled with more care.",
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"text": "to carry out the engine out SID after balked landing in low visibility conditions also has to be considered",
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"text": "A balked landing is a go around in the landing configuration: flaps and slats at the required setting, gear down, etc.",
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"text": "A go around can be performed in any aircraft configuration.",
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"text": "Balked Landing – A discontinued landing attempt.",
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"text": "Term is often used in conjunction with aircraft configuration or performance assessment, as in “Balked landing climb gradient”.",
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"text": "Also referred to as “Go-Around”",
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"text": "Balked landingd it is not a simple go around or missed aproach landing, in a balked landing the airplane must be able to maintain a steady gradient of climb of at least (different for each airplane)with: (1) Not more than the power that is available on each engine eight seconds after initiation of movement of the power controls from minimum flight-idle position; (2)",
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"text": "The landing gear extended; (3) The wing flaps in the landing position; and (4)",
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"text": "A climb speed equal to VREF, available: http://www.risingup.com/fars/info/part23-77-FAR.shtml",
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"text": "A baulked landing and a go around are very much TWO different procedures.",
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"text": "A baulked landing only happens on very short final if for instance the captain isn’t happy with what they see.",
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"text": "The procedure is simply to pitch nose up and simultaneously apply full power.",
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"text": "The wheels may touch the runway but that is fine.",
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"text": "This is an escape maneuver to quickly get away from the ground.",
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"text": "Once the aircraft is in a stabilized climb, the go around procedure can be applied.",
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"text": "This is initiated by a term like “Go around, flaps” which helps bring both pilots back into the loop.",
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"text": "A go around procedure always follows a baulked landing, but a go around procedure can of course be flown on its own.",
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"question": "Is there a difference between a balked landing and a go-around? If there is, what exactly is a balked landing?",
"title": "What's the difference between a balked landing and a go-around?",
"forum": "aviation.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<landing><terminology><go-around>",
"link": "aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/2065",
"author": "aviation.stackexchange.com/users/1076/user1640841"
} | 19_41 | [
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"The only term in the Pilot Controller Glossary is Go Around. A balked Landing is a very low altitude Go-Around. A balked landing only happens on very short final if for instance the captain isn’t happy with what they see.",
"People are of devided opinion when it comes to this. Some say it is basically the same thing, only depends on where you think the procedure starts, and others say that they are two procedures entirely, a baulked landing being a low altitude go-around."
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"Users say that it is basically the same thing",
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"text": "I think most people would say the answer is no .",
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"text": "Consider the dictionary.com definition as it relates to Aeronautics: 9.",
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"text": "Aeronautics .",
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"text": "a. one of a pair of airfoils attached transversely to the fuselage of an aircraft and providing lift.",
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"text": "both airfoils, taken collectively.",
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"text": "The wings are the big airfoils which are responsible for generating most of the vertical lift.",
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"text": "A colloquial test of this definition would be to grab a CFI and ask him/her to \"point out the wings on this airplane to me.",
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"text": "\" They won't point out the propeller.",
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"text": "( Not a scientific experiment )",
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"text": "However, both wings and propellers are airfoils (and so are the other wing-like surfaces such as the vertical and horizontal stabilizers).",
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"text": "You might get some disagreement about whether those other surfaces are wings, but I believe the answer is still no.",
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"text": "There is nothing to be gained by calling them wings, and only leads to ambiguity.",
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"text": "We already have a word which describes lifting surfaces in-general, and again, it's airfoil .",
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"text": "Is a propeller a wing?",
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"text": "Maybe.",
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"text": "It depends on how pedantic you feel like being about your definitions.",
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"text": "A propeller is certainly an airfoil (usually several of them - each blade is an airfoil, and you can have one blade , two, three, four, or more attached to a hub).",
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"text": "A wing is also an airfoil.",
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"text": "Aerodynamically a wing and a propeller function the same way:",
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"text": "Air moves over the surface of the airfoil(s), producing \"lift\".",
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"text": "In the case of the wing the lift is mainly vertical and we call it \"lift\", while in the case of a propeller it's mainly horizontal and we call the resulting force \"thrust\" instead.",
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"text": "My two cents, ignoring all the dictionary pedantry?",
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"text": "A propeller is an airfoil, but it is not a wing.",
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"text": "Why?",
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"text": "Simple: If I'm flying along and my propeller magically vanishes I'm now flying a really inefficient glider.",
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"text": "My day is ruined and when I catch the guy with the genie-in-a-lamp who wished my propeller away I'll probably beat them up, but I have a fair chance of putting the aircraft on the ground without killing myself or anyone else.",
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"text": "If I'm flying along and my right wing magically vanishes the genie-posessing miscreant is safe as I'm almost certainly going to die.",
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"text": "All the lift from the remaining wing is going to try to flip the aircraft over, and I'm nowhere near skilled enough to keep control with a missing wing and land safely .",
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"text": "An aviation expert reminded me that a propeller is a wing.",
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"text": "This is not false- a wing generates lift by creating a pressure difference, in the same way a propeller does.",
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"text": "Wing typically refers to the structure lifting the main weight of the aircraft, while a propeller generates thrust, so from definition it's probably incorrect, from a theoretical standpoint",
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"text": "it's the same principle.",
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"text": "While I understand that propellers use similar principles to generate force, it muddied the definition of a rotary wing aircraft vs a fixed wing aircraft.",
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"text": "A fixed wing aircraft will move at speed to generate sufficient lift to get airborne.",
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"text": "A helicopter will be able to lift off vertically by spinning the blades quickly enough, which will have the same effect as moving forward.",
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"text": "If the propeller of a fixed wing aircraft is considered a wing, what is the distinction between the two?",
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"text": "Is it how much surface area",
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"text": "each type of wing works on?",
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"text": "Is it the direction of force?",
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"text": "Propeller thrust is directed forwards.",
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"text": "In level flight it contributes very little to lifting the plane up-",
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"text": "that's left to the wings to do.",
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"text": "Rotary wing aircraft's blades do really work as a propeller: By increasing the angle of attack on one side, you generate more thrust, and the helicopter flies in the direction you want it to, since there's a force vector in that direction.",
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"text": "(source: tiscali.co.uk )",
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"text": "Distinction between the two: Rotorcraft generate the thrust to lift off themselves.",
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"text": "A propeller generates the thrust (and in turn speed) necessary to create lift over fixed surfaces.",
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"text": "Since no one else mentioned this, I thought I would.",
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"text": "Wilbur Wright, of the Wright brothers, said that a propeller was nothing more than a twisted wing.",
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"text": "If you accept his analogy, then the twisted wings that compose a propeller are clearly specialized wings, but they do generate a differential in air pressure above/in front of and below/behind as the surface moves through the air.",
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"text": "That is what a wing does.",
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"text": "When one thinks with respect to plane, things are a lot less \"muddy\".",
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"text": "Forget about definitions and rote and focus on what the function is.",
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"text": "First, while airborne, the only thing with respect to ground is gravity.",
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"text": "Everything else is dependent on orientation of the aircraft.",
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"text": "This is not muddy, it is actually a crucial step in becoming a better pilot.",
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"text": "So, starting with straight and level flight, it is obvious what is the wing (lift) and what is the propeller (thrust).",
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"text": "Now pitch up, add power and climb.",
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"text": "Yes, the propeller is now helping you climb as well as maintaining airspeed.",
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"text": "Is it now called a wing?",
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"text": "No, it is still out in front of the plane, so, with respect to plane, it is still the propeller!",
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"text": "The key is to draw the thrust vector, then break it down to vertical and horizontal components.",
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"text": "The propeller is helping lift the plane.",
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"text": "Now rotary wing aircraft.",
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"text": "All lift is provided by spinning the rotor, and forward motion too!",
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"text": "So it is both wing and propeller.",
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"text": "Birds have learned this trick as well!",
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"text": "So do not worry about muddy, take what you need and fly.",
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"question": "An aviation expert claimed to me that a propeller is a wing. While I understand that propellers use similar principles to generate force, it muddied the definition of a rotary wing aircraft vs a fixed wing aircraft. If the propeller of a fixed wing aircraft is considered a wing, what is the distinction between the two? Is it how much surface area each type of wing works on? Is it the direction of force?",
"title": "Is a propeller a wing?",
"forum": "aviation.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<propeller><fixed-wing><rotary-wing>",
"link": "aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/2115",
"author": "aviation.stackexchange.com/users/1073/Adam Davis"
} | 19_42 | [
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" A propeller and a wing are certainly airfoils.",
"It depends on the definition, as a wing and a propeller are both certainly airfoils. However most people would say no it is not."
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"text": "The device you are talking about is called a transponder .",
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"text": "This is a device that listens for a signal (an interrogation) and responds with information about the airplane including an ATC assigned code, altitude information and additional aircraft info for certain equipment.",
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"text": "There are 2 ways ATC watches airplanes: Primary Radar Secondary Surveillance Radar",
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"text": "This is just a normal radar that is good at seeing airplane sized objects and not so great at seeing weather and can occasionally spot a large flock of birds.",
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"text": "The primary radar is what provides the \"blip\" on radar and tracks the airplane.",
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"text": "The datablock ATC has on the airplane comes from the secondary, so what ATC will see is a blip with no information.",
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"text": "Turning off the transponder is as simple as setting it to OFF or pulling a circuit breaker and yes, it can be selected OFF in flight, it is just a switch.",
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"text": "The problem with radar is that it only works so far from a radar transmitter and the further away",
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"text": "you are the higher",
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"text": "you must be to be seen by the radar.",
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"text": "Over the ocean away from land, you are going to be on the fringe of radar or out of radar contact completely and thus unable to be tracked directly by ATC (at this point, non-radar procedures such as position reporting and ETAs can be used to track positions).",
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"text": "The flight in question was apparently visible by a military radar before it disappeared from the scopes (it allegedly observed what appeared to be a turn back toward its origin).",
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"text": "With the proper knowledge of the aircraft systems almost anything can be turned off.",
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"text": "That's what we do at the end of almost every flight day.",
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"text": "Most of the communications systems can actually be turned off fairly easily, but the average person would not know how to do it.",
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"text": "In airplanes like the 777, there are multiple ways that they communicate but all of them can be turned off (transponders, ACARS reports, CPDLC, ADS-B, radios, satellite phones, etc.).",
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"text": "Some are automatic and some are manual, and not all aircraft have all of them.",
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"text": "Most of them have a switch or can be controlled through the Flight Management System, but the ones that don't will have a circuit breaker designed to protect the system which may be pulled in order to deactivate the system.",
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"text": "As a B-737 pilot, I can tell you that ALL electrical components are wired into the electrical system to a specific electrical BUS.",
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"text": "It would not be hard to determine which BUS(S) run power to the associated component and therefore knowing which circuit breaker(s) to pull.",
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"text": "The ACARS that transmits our FOQA information can be disconnected on the BBJ I fly.",
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"text": "I assume it can be done in the B-777.",
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"text": "With today's locked cockpit policy it is extremely unlikely that hijackers would be able to turn off the transponder without pilots being able to set it to 7500, the code for unlawful interference, for at least a short while.",
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"text": "Because while the transponder can be turned off, the hijackers would have to get into the cockpit first.",
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"text": "The cockpit door can't be opened from cabin side.",
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"text": "Even if the stronger code is entered that will open the door (for cases when one pilot is incapacitated while the other is in the lavatory) the pilots still have some time to cancel the unlock request.",
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"text": "Therefore the hijackers would have to threaten with something to get the pilots unlock, but that would give the pilots time to provide some indication of the hijack to the ATC.",
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"text": "Another Boeing 777 on 12th July 2014 suffered smoke in the cockpit and cascading loss of electrical systems, navigation displays and Comms in the cockpit.",
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"text": "That was Continental Flight 201 which made an emergency landing on Midway island.",
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"text": "There are disputed claims that flight 201's transponder also failed during the emergency.",
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"text": "In the case of MH370 it is acknowledged that the ACARS suffered a power interruption prior to log-on requests.",
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"text": "It seems possible that the transponder was affected by whatever power interruption the ACARS suffered therefore it is not an automatic assumption that the transponder and ACARS were turned off deliberately.",
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"text": "The plane's position is reported by ACARS and by the transponder.",
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"text": "MH370 lost ... ... its Mode S transponder (shortly before 17:20:33 UTC) ... ACARS (somewhere between 17:07:49 - 17:37:29 UTC) ... and the SDU (somewhere between 17:07:49 - 17:37:29 UTC).",
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"text": "The SDU was repowered, however, at 18:25:27 UTC, when it logged onto theInmarsat satellite network again.",
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"text": "The first 2 items can be easily disabled in the cockpit.",
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"text": "The SDU can be disabled by either turning off the AES circuit breaker in the E&E bay or depowering the left main AC bus in the cockpit (which results in the collateral loss of various systems).",
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"text": "India has made it mandatory for aircraft flown by Indian operators to install a device reporting the aircraft's location every 15 minutes, thereby preventing the aircraft from disappearing:",
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"text": "India makes its aircraft disappearance proof post MH370 incident «",
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"text": "India has taken several steps to remove any possibility of the aircraft operated by its airlines disappearing without a trace in the aftermath of the shocking incident in March 2014 involving Malysia Airlines’ MH370.",
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"text": "It has made it mandatory for aircraft flown by Indian operators having a seating capacity of 19 passengers or takeoff weight of 45 tonnes or more to install a devise that will send location of the aircraft at 15 minute intervals.",
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"text": "The government had ordered airline companies to compulsorily install an automated aircraft tracking system (ATS) in all aircraft falling in the above categories.",
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"text": "The system will pass location information to ground stations even if the aircraft is flying over the oceans during long international flights throughout the duration of the flight.",
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"text": "» ( source )",
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"question": "I was speaking to someone about the MH370 incident , and they suggested that a hijacker could turn off the device that sends the plane's current position, resulting in the appearance of a catastrophic midair failure. I assume that such functionality could not be turned off, but I could be wrong. Is there any way that this could be done? Could an aircraft's internal tracking systems be \"turned off\" midair, and also not be located by external tracking like radar?",
"title": "Is it possible for a modern commercial airliner to stop being tracked without substantial mechanical failure?",
"forum": "aviation.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<avionics><radar><mh370-incident><gnss>",
"link": "aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/2160",
"author": "aviation.stackexchange.com/users/1351/andrewb"
} | 19_43 | [
[
"The device you are talking about is called a transponder. The plane's position is reported by ACARS and by the transponder. With the proper knowledge of the aircraft systems almost anything can be turned off. ",
"The transponder reports the position of the aircraft, this can be disabled from the cockpit. However the plane can still be tracked by normal radar."
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"text": "The angle of attack is the angle between the wing (wing chord to be precise) and the direction of travel (undisturbed airflow).",
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"text": "The angle of pitch is the angle between the main body axis and the horizon.",
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"text": "The difference can theoretically be any angle, but during normal flight it will be limited to about 15 degrees.",
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"text": "The reason that the angle of attack sensor was inoperative was due to low airspeed.",
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"text": "Below 60 knot IAS the indication is unreliable and therefore the indicator is inhibited.",
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"text": "This also inhibits the stall warning.",
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"text": "This lead to the confusing situation that lowering the nose to correct the stall increased the airspeed beyond 60 knots, thereby reactivating the stall warning.",
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"text": "It can be.",
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"text": "Remember that the angle of attack is the angle between the chord line of the airfoil and the relative wind.",
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"text": "Imagine if the plane is level with the horizon with zero airpseed.",
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"text": "It will fall straight down, putting the angle of attack close to 90 degrees with the pitch close to zero.",
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"text": "That said, during normal flight it's not likely that pitch and angle of attack will be excessively different.",
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"text": "But honestly the two aren't closely related: You can exceed the critical angle of attack and stall at any pitch, bank, or yaw angle.",
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"text": "Just want to add the image.",
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"text": "Angle of attack is relative to the direction of relative wind (which is equivalently relative to the direction the plane is going, if in still air and the angle of incidence = 0, i.e. the wing is mounted parallel to the longitudinal axis of the plane), while pitch is relative to the horizontal axis.",
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"text": "Angle of attack depends on the pitch, current velocity of the aircraft and the wind.",
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"text": "They can be different.",
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"text": "Angle of attack is important to the aerodynamics (amount of lift, drag, etc.), while pitch tells you the aircraft's orientation relative to the ground.",
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"text": "Image source Assumptions for the image: still air and angle of incidence is 0.",
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"sents": [
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"text": "Just before the ground impact Just watch this video of a looping gone bad during a flight display.",
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"text": "At 1:30 into the video it becomes painfully obvious by how much both can diverge in extreme situations (shown above).",
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"text": "The flight path angle is the difference between pitch attitude and angle of attack.",
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"text": "If pitch attitude and angle of attack would be equal, the airplane could only fly straight ahead at the same altitude.",
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"text": "Once it climbs, it has to increase pitch attitude at constant angle of attack.",
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"text": "With enough thrust or speed, both can be 90° apart.",
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"text": "Now consider flying inverted: Both are almost 180° apart.",
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"text": "In a dive, again the difference will become large because the flight path angle takes on negative values.",
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"text": "The more fun",
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"text": "it makes to fly an aircraft, the more both angles diverge.",
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"text": "Only boring aircraft will keep both of them at similar, low values.",
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"text": "How much the pitch (horizontal orientation) can differ from the angle of attack?",
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"text": "270 degrees appears to be the maximum angle that the pitch attitude can differ from the angle-of-attack.",
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"text": "Some examples of extreme differences between pitch attitude and angle-of-attack: Jet fighter or aerobatic airplane or aerobatic glider in a prolonged vertical climb.",
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"text": "(May be a steady-state situation or the aircraft may even be gaining airspeed or it may just be a \"zoom\" climb where airspeed is exchanged for altitude; obviously only the latter is possible with the glider.)",
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"text": "For simplicity assume a symmetrical airfoil.",
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"text": "Pitch attitude is 90 degrees, angle-of-attack is zero degrees, for a difference of 90 degrees.",
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"text": "Now the throttle (if present) is pulled back to drop the engine power to zero, but the nose is kept pointing straight up until the aircraft starts to tailslide backwards.",
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"text": "Pitch attitude is still 90 degrees, but angle-of-attack is now 180 degrees, for a difference of 90 degrees.",
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"text": "Now imagine the tailsliding aircraft experiences a slight variation in angle-of-attack-- perhaps due to a horizontal wind gust striking the aircraft-- that changes the direction of the relative airflow by one degree, so that the relative airflow is aimed slightly toward the top surface of the wing, rather than aimed directly at the trailing edge.",
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"text": "Now the angle-of-attack has changed from 180 degrees (which also could be called minus 180 degrees) to minus 179 degrees.",
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"text": "Now the difference between angle-of-attack and pitch attitude is 269 degrees.",
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"text": "Flat spin with flight path approximating a vertical descent.",
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"text": "Angle-of-attack may be close to 90 degrees, but pitch attitude may be close to zero degrees.",
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"text": "Actually on the retreating wing it would seem the angle-of-attack may go beyond 90 degrees (wing actually moving backwards relative to the airmass, so the local airflow comes partly from behind), in which case the difference between angle-of-attack of that wing, and pitch attitude of the aircraft, would also go beyond 90 degrees.",
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"question": "How much the pitch (horizontal orientation) can differ from the angle of attack? I am trying to understand the claim that \"angle of attack indicator was unfortunately not available\", contributing to problems during Air France Flight 447 . Attitude indicator most likely was available?",
"title": "Can the pitch be very different from the angle of attack?",
"forum": "aviation.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<aerodynamics><flight-instruments>",
"link": "aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/2287",
"author": "aviation.stackexchange.com/users/917/h22"
} | 19_46 | [
[
"The angle of attack is the angle between the wing and the direction of travel. The angle of pitch is the angle between the main body axis and the horizon. They can be different. ",
"The angle of attack is the angle between the wing and direction of travel, whereas angle of pitch is the angle between the main body axis and the horizon. They are and can be different. Furthermore 270 degrees seems to be the maximum angle that the pitch can differ from the angle of attack."
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"text": "The answer depends on what kind of aircraft you're talking about, and how much control the crew has over the pressurization systems.",
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"text": "For example, in theory you could very well reduce or completely shut off the air to the cabin on a 777 .",
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"text": "This could also be done by a single crew member alone.",
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"text": "The pilots have full control of this system should say the one of the engines produce bad air to that cabin and would needed to be switched off.",
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"text": "As for the oxygen masks-",
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"text": "these are for emergency descent use and have a generator that runs out after about 15 minutes.",
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"text": "The crew bottles last a bit longer I think, but these will also have a limit, and doing any attempt to break through the bullet-proof cockpit door in those conditions I'd imagine would be very difficult, since I'm not sure you're still picking up the amount of oxygen you normally would.",
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"text": "For a similar situation (though not a deliberate attempt) you can read up on Helios Airways Flight 522 .",
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"text": "For an idea of how the pilot masks look, see this video .",
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"text": "Source: SmartCockpit",
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"text": "Yes, I think it would be very easy for the pilot in command of a 777 to do this — here's one scenario: Ask the copilot to get a glass of water and lock the cockpit door behind him Don and activate the oxygen mask",
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"text": "Close the engine",
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"text": "bleed air valves that supply",
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"text": "cabin pressure Open the controlled outflow valves to equalize cabin pressure to altitude pressure",
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"text": "Put the passenger/supernumerary oxygen to \"reset\" (or pull the circuit breaker)",
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"text": "Ascend a little bit above the service ceiling of FL 410.",
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"text": "At FL 450, consciousness is measured in seconds, death in about 4 or 5 minutes.",
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"text": "Very simple operation",
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"text": "and you don't need to be at 41,000 feet to do it.",
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"text": "Anything above about 21,000 feet",
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"text": "and you die in a few minutes; you just fall asleep.",
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"text": "If you are really paying attention, you would first notice your fingernails (under them) will turn blue due to a lack of oxygen first.",
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"text": "A few giggles perhaps",
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"text": ", then you'd pass out and DIE.",
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"text": "Quite painlessly actually.",
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"text": "The answer is yes: if one of the pilots needed to use the restroom, regulations require the other pilot to put on his O2 mask while the other pilot is away.",
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"text": "Once outside the cockpit, the other pilot could lock the door and the other pilot out.",
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"text": "Then he could turn everything off.",
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"text": "Also since it was at about 1:30am, most passengers would be trying to sleep in their chairs; additionally the masks that drop only have enough O2 to last while the aircraft descends to a lower/safer altitude — so if the plane maintained altitude, there would only be 5-10 minutes of O2 and everyone would pass out and eventually die.",
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"text": "Unless it landed on smooth water, like the miracle on the Hudson, the plane's ELT (Emergency Locator Transmitter) would go off and the crash site would be pinpointed by satellites within seconds.",
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"text": "So therefore one of two things happened:",
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"text": "It landed on water softly and is now at bottom of ocean, or; It landed safely on land because there was no ELT signal.",
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"sents": [
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"text": "Depressurization leads not only to the lack of oxygen in the cabin (and cockpit), but likewise may lead to a dramatic drop in temperature.",
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"text": "For altitudes above 38,000 - 65,000 feet, the outside temperature is roughly -70°F/-55°C.",
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"text": "Combined with data suggesting that at 40,000 feet a passenger sitting quietly would retain consciousness for only about 18 seconds with the loss of oxygen from depressurization (and thus presumably fewer seconds at 45,000 feet), it may only be a matter of seconds, not minutes, before everyone in the cabin would be dead.",
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"text": "What I don't know and wish I did know is whether the cabin and cockpit have separate pressurization systems.",
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"text": "I assume so.",
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"text": "This would make it even easier for a pilot to incapacitate/kill all crew and passengers.",
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] | {
"question": "Could a pilot of an airliner incapacitate everyone outside the cockpit by somehow triggering a loss of cabin pressure while simultaneously disarming the airplane's oxygen masks, manipulating the air circulation system to induce hypoxia, or some other means? For example, would it be a credible theory that the pilot de-pressurized the 777 flying Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 and flew it off somewhere?",
"title": "Could a pilot incapacitate other crew/passengers by manipulating cabin air quality/pressure?",
"forum": "aviation.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<aircraft-design><cabin-pressure><boeing-777><mh370-incident><hypoxia>",
"link": "aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/2328",
"author": "aviation.stackexchange.com/users/972/Yarin"
} | 19_47 | [
[
" The pilots have full control of this system. Should one of the engines produce bad air to that cabin and need to be switched off. if one of the pilots needed to use the restroom, regulations require the other pilot to put on his O2 mask while the other pilot is away.",
"While it is a bit more complicated, it seems that a pilot can actually mess with the systems that control the air in a cabun but only if there is a way to secure himself."
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"text": "There have only been a few aircraft built with forward-swept wings.",
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"text": "Most notably was the X-29, which you have pictured above.",
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"text": "Russia/USSR built one more recently in 1997, the Sukhoi Su-47.",
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"text": "One of the biggest claims as to the superiority or an advantage of a forward-swept wing was increased maneuverability.",
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"text": "However, in the case of the X-29, as noted in the Flying Qualities Evaluation of the X-29A Research Aircraft , The high pitch instability of the airframe led to wide predictions of extreme maneuverability.",
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"text": "Air Force tests did not support this expectation.",
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"text": "For the flight control system to keep the whole system stable, the ability to initiate a maneuver easily needed to be moderated.",
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"text": "This was programmed into the flight control system to preserve the ability to stop the pitching rotation and keep the aircraft from departing out of control.",
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"text": "As a result, the whole system as flown (with the flight control system in the loop as well) could not be characterized as having any special increased agility.",
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"text": "It was concluded that the X-29 could have had increased agility if it had faster control surface actuators and/or larger control surfaces.",
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"text": "The Su-47 was indeed a highly maneuverable aircraft, capable of pulling 9 Gs, however, its immediate predecessor, the Sukhoi Su-37, was capable of pulling 10 Gs .",
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"text": "So it's not clear whether a forward swept wing has any real positive impact on maneuverability.",
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"text": "However, stall characteristics are very different.",
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"text": "Air tends to travel towards the rearmost end of the wing.",
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"text": "On a standard configuration (Rear-swept wing), this of course moves from the wing root to the wingtip.",
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"text": "On a forward-swept wing, however, this moves from the wingtip to the wing root.",
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"text": "As a result, the dangerous tip stall condition of a backwards-swept design becomes a safer and more controllable root stall on a forward swept design.",
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"text": "This allows full aileron control despite loss of lift, and also means that drag-inducing leading edge slots or other devices are not required.",
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"text": "With the air flowing inwards, wingtip vortices and the accompanying drag are reduced, instead the fuselage acts as a very large wing fence and, since wings are generally larger at the root, this improves lift allowing a smaller wing.",
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"text": "As a result maneuverability is improved, especially at high angles of attack.",
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"text": "At transonic speeds, shockwaves build up first at the root rather than the tip, again helping to ensure effective aileron control.",
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"text": "Because of the capability of the X-29 to have the tips of its wings bend down when at high angles of attack, the X-29 remained controllable at an angle of attack of 67 degrees.",
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"text": "However, thanks to modern advances in thrust vectoring, the F-22 Raptor is capable of sustaining an angle of attack over 60 degrees.",
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"text": "With inherent instability and problems with extra stresses on the airplane for only moderate or supposed but not observed gains in instability, it is unlikely we will see combat aircraft with forward swept wings any time in the near future.",
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"text": "Other technologies have enabled similar or enhanced performance without the need for novel concepts.",
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"text": "Advantages: The wing spar carry-through can be placed aft of the cabin, so cabin height can be increased.",
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"text": "This is important for business-jet sized aircraft.",
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"text": "The boundary layer at the tips is not affected by the inner wing.",
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"text": "Controllability can be maintained up to stall.",
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"text": "Aeroelastic effects will increase control commands.",
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"text": "This makes for a very responsive airframe.",
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"text": "However, they are directly connected to these disadvantages: Stall will happen inboard first, which will result in a pitch-up.",
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"text": "If the tail cannot compensate, the stall is unrecoverable.",
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"text": "The aeroelastic effects will encourage flutter.",
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"text": "If flutter speed is found to be too low, the wing needs to be made stiffer, resulting in a weight increase.",
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"text": "These two disadvantages easily outweigh the advantages for most designs.",
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"text": "The first forward swept design, the Junkers 287 , needed a massive, wrought wing carry-through for stiffness.",
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"text": "Handling was great, but performance overall was poor.",
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"text": "Ju-287 with tufted wings and rockets below the wing engines.",
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"text": "The tripod ahead of the vertical holds a faired camera for in-flight observation of the tufts.",
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"text": "(picture source )",
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"text": "If combined with a T-tail, the aft position of the root of a forward swept wing will ensure that the tail is in the wake of the wing root at a high angle of attack, which can result in a deep stall .",
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"text": "The best forward-swept wings can be found in nature: Birds will sweep their wing tips forward if they want to pitch up and create lots of lift.",
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"text": "Especially for short landings the forward-swept wing is ideal when the legs are on the ground at the time of wing stall.",
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"text": "For a text book overview: http://www.desktop.aero/appliedaero/potential3d/FSW.html Note that the Hansa Jet actually was a production airliner using the forward swept wing, and 2 glider types that i regulalrly flew also had forward swept wings (for visibility reasons: Schleicher Ka7 and Ka13). R.",
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"text": "Also Zlin 142 has forward swept wing.",
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"text": "Not for aerodynamic reasons, but to place the pilots at the center of gravity and the spar behind them.",
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"text": "Blanik L-13 and Scheibe Bergfalke sailplanes had swept-forward wings, it seems it helps in adding freedom in setting center of gravity respect to the pressure center and pilots placement.",
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"text": "Advantages of forward swept wings may be mainly in the low speed range, takeoff and landing.",
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"text": "I'm not too sure about Ju-287 being a failure, there are reports it reached 1'000 km/ h in the Soviet hands, good for a bomber, but developing the concept was discontinued, they may have found some heavy problems.",
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"text": "A tailless US airplane of the late 40s used this arrangement, NASA/ NACA, Cranfield repository has documents about it, also YouTube videos exist",
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] | {
"question": "What are the advantages of a forward-swept wing vs. a rearward swept one? Image credit: NASA Image credit: Paul Maritz / Wikimedia",
"title": "What are the advantages of a forward-swept wing over a rearward-swept wing?",
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"question_tags": "<aircraft-design><wing>",
"link": "aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/2360",
"author": "aviation.stackexchange.com/users/718/flyingfisch"
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[
"A froward-swept wing gives increased maneuverability and the wing spar carry-through can be placed aft of the cabin, so cabin height can be increased.",
"The mentioned advantages of a forward-swept wing architecture are freedom in setting the center of gravity and the increased cabin height."
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"Some advantages are stated, regarding the application of the building architectures."
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"text": "Can a large modern jet airliner plunge intact underwater from flight?",
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"text": "Large airliners are not desgned for this and are not even strong enough to make a landing on water in less than perfect conditions.",
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"text": "E.g. 961 striking the surface at a larger angle would certainly lead to widespread disintegration.",
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"text": "Is it possible for a large modern jet airliner to sink intact?",
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"text": "Yes (as near as makes no difference)",
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"text": "Almost all large aircraft impacting the sea surface in an emergency or uncontrolled will break up immediately and catastrophically.",
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"text": "One notable exception was US1549 , an A320, which was landed on water without breaking up.",
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"text": "It was described as \"still virtually intact though partially submerged and slowly sinking\".",
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"text": "The left engine detached and sank.",
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"text": "So a controlled landing on water is possible under extremely favourable circumstances.",
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"text": "It would then be possible for the aircraft to sink in more-or-less one piece without creating a large amount of floating debris.",
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"text": "Hitting water at speed is a lot like hitting concrete (try experimenting with different positions hitting the water off a high diving board—some will hurt).",
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"text": "Aircraft are simply not designed to withstand the sudden forces introduced upon impact with water, no matter the angle.",
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"text": "If an aircraft were to hit the water at high speed, the relatively flimsy structures of the aircraft would shatter, disintegrate, and completely lose structural integrity.",
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"text": "My answer is: It depends.",
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"text": "As always.",
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"text": "Generally, yes, it is possible to land an aircraft on water intact.",
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"text": "But the aircraft has to help you with that.",
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"text": "If the engines are not below the wings (turboprop, piston, jet at the rear fuselage), and the pilot flares to minimum speed right above the water, gear up , then most aircraft will stay intact.",
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"text": "Many are even tested for ditching qualities during development.",
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"text": "I personally know of the ditching tests of the Breguet Atlantique and the Antonov-70, and there are certainly more (see https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jK8ydLY5QHQ at 2:15 min into the movie).",
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"text": "A Dutch Atlantique once had to go down and landed intact in the North Sea.",
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"text": "It was towed into a harbor and lifted out of the water a few days later.",
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"text": "The openings (for cooling air etc) have special valves which close automatically when the aircraft is in the water, much like a snorkel on a submarine (sorry, could not find a web source for this).",
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"text": "It would be judged upon the state of the aircraft once stopped after the collision, taking into account velocity and angle of impact etc.",
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"text": "If the A/C is in-tact and no water is taken on-board it will float for a greater time",
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"text": "but I highly doubt it will for a large amount of time because water always finds entry points.",
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"text": "If the plane flew to empty, and the pilot made a manual controlled glide and water landing, he would still strike the water at a speed in excess of 150 mph.",
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"text": "The engines would still be ripped off, baggage hold doors would most likely open on impact.",
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"text": "There would have to be some kind of debris field.",
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"text": "The plane would sink, but not intact.",
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"text": "Something would come free and float to the surface.",
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"question": "Is it possible that a commercial airliner could hit the ocean surface at such an angle that it made a deep dive intact, got filled with water, sank, and got stuck in mud at the floor of the ocean?",
"title": "Can a commercial airliner sink to the bottom of the ocean?",
"forum": "aviation.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<airliner><accidents><ditching>",
"link": "aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/2437",
"author": "aviation.stackexchange.com/users/1626/gerrit"
} | 20_0 | [
[
"There is disagreement about whether an aircraft can land intact on water or not. Some believe the relatively flimsy structure would shatter and disintegrate while others think it is possible if the aircraft hot the water at minimum speed and as long as the engines are not below the wings.",
"It depends. With the right conditions, it is possible to land an aircraft intact on water. If an aircraft hits the water at high speed, it will not remain intact."
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"With the right conditions, it is possible to land an aircraft intact on water. If an aircraft hits the water at high speed, it will not remain intact.",
"It depends."
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{
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"text": "I have both US and Australian PPLs, and having flown VFR in both countries, there are some real differences in the VFR charts and supplemental data available.",
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"text": "Mostly the contents are fairly evident but if you are unfamiliar with a specific type of VFR chart, it is important to look over the chart in detail to make sure you understand it.",
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"text": "The US publishes VFR charts known as Sectionals .",
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"text": "These cover the entire country, including non-continental areas like Hawaii.",
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"text": "IMHO these are excellent although in busy airspace, the 1:500,000 scale can become complex.",
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"text": "So pilots learning to fly in the US usually become familiar with the sectional covering their base field, and then with that understanding, can look at sectionals for anywhere else in the US.",
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"text": "Printed sectionals can also be used for long range VFR flight planning as they can be laid out in sequence and routes plotted across adjoining chart boundaries.",
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"text": "For online chart examination, SkyVector publishes all US sectionals online, which is a great resource.",
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"text": "Australia does not publish sectionals covering the whole country.",
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"text": "It's a good question as to why but essentially the centre of the country is a big desert where few people live.",
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"text": "So from a historical perspective, the inner part of the country has been regarded as \"remote\" and thus less in need of highly detailed maps.",
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"text": "In addition, the word 'sectional' isn't even in Australian pilot lexicon, so use the word 'chart' instead.",
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"text": "Australia publishes Visual Terminal Charts ( VTC ) for each large metropolitan area which are a Mercator projection at 1:250,000.",
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"text": "And there are Visual Navigational Charts ( VNC ) which mostly encapsulate the VTCs and are at 1:500,000 (same as sectionals).",
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"text": "The image below is an example of the Brisbane VTC.",
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"text": "As VTC/VNCs cover only largely populated areas, for printed chart long VFR route planning, you will need to revert to the World Aeronautical Charts ( WACs )",
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"text": ", pronounced 'whacks'.",
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"text": "WACs started as an ICAO project after WW2 to transition from the existing US-based international wartime series and so all Allied nations were effectively asked to harmonize their maps with a US design.",
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"text": "But in 2015, the FAA stopped WAC production and thus a recently US-trained VFR PPL would never have heard of them(!)",
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"text": "The US WAC coverage looked like this: WACs are a Lambert projection at 1:1,000,000 and in Australia, printed chart VFR route planning would be done over sequential WAC's, with likely a supplemental VNC chart for the populated areas to be crossed.",
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"text": "WAC's do not contain airspace (although supposedly an aeronautical chart!).",
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"text": "They are essentially a topo map with features that are easy to spot from the air.",
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"text": "So, to answer the OP's question - no",
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"text": ", there are no free online sources for Australian government produced charts.",
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"text": "SkyVector shows a very data sparse US Sectional-like view of Australia",
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"text": "but I wouldn't use it for anything other than simple distance/leg planning.",
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"text": "However, all of the previously mentioned chart types for Australia are now encapsulated and adjoined in a single app known as OzRunways.",
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"text": "I have no association with them, other than being a customer.",
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"text": "Another answer has also referred to this as well.",
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"text": "OzRunways works on both iOS and Android and",
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"text": "in my experience seems very widely used amongst Australian VFR pilots.",
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"text": "For VFR use, they provide a so-called 'Hybrid VFR Map' which simply uses the most detailed chart available.",
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"text": "Price at time of writing is about AUD $100 and chart-wise also has New Zealand and Papua New Guinea.",
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"text": "But also of value to pilots flying in Australia, there is comprehensive airfield information available in the ERSA (EnRoute Supplement Australia), which is a free download .",
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"text": "It lists technical aspects/refueling contacts/etc.",
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"text": "for every sizeable airfield in Australia.",
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"text": "In addition to this, AOPA also publish a pilot guide for various airfields.",
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"text": "OzRunways contains the ERSA and for an extra amount, they also will bundle the pilot's guide.",
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"text": "I would value any other comments about VFR chart sources for Australia but hopefully this is a good overview.",
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"sents": [
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"text": "Airservices Australia now publishes electronic versions for free.",
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"text": "Use requires acceptance of an agreement.",
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"text": "Access as follows: Click Publications on the Air Services Australia website.",
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"text": "Click Aeronautical Information Products – (AIP) at the top.",
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"text": "Accept the agreement Select an AIP Charts option on the subsequent page.",
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"text": "Flyermaps provides Australian VFR charts .",
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"sents": [
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"text": "I believe OzRunways.com have a VFR package, but it seems to be just for i-devices at the moment.",
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"text": "Australia only produces 1:1,000,000 WAC charts for the whole country.",
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"text": "The more detailed 1:500,000 VNC charts like we have in Canada are available only around major cities.",
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"text": "The VNC chart is similar to the US \"sectional\" chart.",
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"text": "VNCs are available from Air Services Australia, the state-owned entity responsible for airspace management and aeronautical information.",
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] | {
"question": "Are there any sites similar to SkyVector (US-based) for GA aviation maps in Australia? I understand that Air Services Australia has miscellaneous single-purposes maps available , but they seem to be mostly airport diagrams and approach procedures. I'm looking for GA VFR maps. If the only thing available is SkyVector's world maps ( of Australia ), how accurate are they?",
"title": "Where can I find GA VFR maps for Australia?",
"forum": "aviation.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<general-aviation><visual-flight-rules><aeronautical-charts><website><australia>",
"link": "aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/2538",
"author": "aviation.stackexchange.com/users/995/CJBS"
} | 20_1 | [
[
"Austalia does not publish sectionals covering the whole country rather it publishes VTC for large metropolitan areas. SkyVector shows only very sparse data. However, there are no free online sources for Australian government produced charts. ERSA provides a free download and Flyemaps provides Australian VFR charts.",
"No free online sources exist for charts published by the Australian government. There are no sectionals covering the whole of Australia. Visual terminal charts and visual navigational charts only cover largely populated areas. SkyVector shows a view of Australia that is similar to a US sectional chart, but the data is limited. The ERSA (EnRoute Supplement Australia) is available as a free download and is useful for pilots who are flying in Australia, as it contains extensive airfield information. The ERSA is also available from OzRunways, which will also bundle it with the pilot's guide. Australian VFR charts are available from Flyermaps and OzRunways has a VFR package. However, this is currently only available for i-devices. The WAC charts for the whole of Australia are only available in 1:1,000,000."
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"There are no sectionals covering the whole of Australia. Visual terminal charts and visual navigational charts cover largely populated areas. ",
"No free online sources exist for charts published by the Australian government.",
"SkyVector shows a view of Australia that is similar to a US sectional chart, but the data is limited.",
"The ERSA (EnRoute Supplement Australia) is available as a free download and is useful for pilots who are flying in Australia, as it contains extensive airfield information. The ERSA is also available from OzRunways, which will also bundle it with the pilot's guide.",
"Australian VFR charts are available from Flyermaps and OzRunways has a VFR package. However, this is currently only available for i-devices.",
"The WAC charts for the whole of Australia are only available in 1:1,000,000."
]
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"text": "Well, most airlines do cross the ocean with GPS in today's world.",
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"text": "That being said, most (if not all) transcontinental airliners, and many flying domestic routes as well, have what's called an inertial navigation system (a form of dead-reckoning where gyros and accelerometers are used to compute changes in position).",
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"text": "The INS feeds into the flight management computer which is used to cross-check the GPS position, and can be used as a primary navigation source should the GPS signal be lost or corrupted.",
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"text": "Prior to GPS, inertial navigation was the primary means of navigating across oceans.",
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"text": "However, a great many airplanes did cross oceans before INS... with varying success.",
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"text": "The general idea was to use a combination of dead-reckoning, radio beacons where you can find them (small islands and coastlines), the sun (with the help of a sextant ) during the day, and the stars at night.",
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"text": "Hopefully, this puts you in position after some period of time to pickup ground-based navigational aids, or to identify a coastline.",
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"text": "This actually works pretty well if your wind estimates are good, and the margin for error is high enough.",
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"text": "As DeltaLima points out, long-range radio navigation systems also started to emerge around World War II (LORAN and Decca) which had a much greater range than previous radio beacons, and therefore decreased the amount of time required to fly by dead-reckoning alone.",
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"text": "By the time inertial navigation became prevalent in the 1970's, airlines were already providing reliable transcontinental passenger flights every day.",
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"text": "Another possible outcome is that your plane is lost in the ocean, never found, and the Discovery Channel funds an expedition to look for you 75 years later.",
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"text": "We were crossing the seas centuries before GPS, INS or really any other form of modern technology.",
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"text": "All you need is a clock, a compass and a sextant.",
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"text": "And some largely-forgotten skills, like how to do math without a smartphone.",
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"text": "In the days before GPS, we routinely crossed the oceans using inertial navigation systems.",
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"text": "The system I was familiar with used 3 separate inertial systems (Carousel was the brand name).",
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"text": "You could choose to navigate by any single one, but the most common way of using them was to have the autopilot \"average\" the positions.",
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"text": "You could also choose to exclude any given INS, in which case if you were averaging, you were averaging only two.",
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"text": "For the North Atlantic MNPS airspace system, You manually updated each INS passing over your last known ground position fix.",
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"text": "When you passed over your first ground-based nav fix on the other side, you again manually updated the INSes with that information and then recorded in the maintenance log how far off left or right",
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"text": "each INS was in the maintenance log.",
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"text": "There were standards.",
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"text": "Offhand",
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"text": "I'm not sure I am remembering them correctly, but what I seem to recall was a max error of 2 nautical miles per hour flown without update.",
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"text": "The MNPS had at the time a max error allowed without penalty of 10 nautical miles left or right of course.",
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"text": "If that was exceeded, points were deducted from your company's score.",
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"text": "Lose enough points and the company would not be allowed in fly in MNPS.",
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"text": "Off course errors of two to six nautical miles for a crossing were typical.",
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"text": "There is the story, true or not I do not know, of the captain who, when hand held GPSs first became available, used one to cross the North Atlantic, and had a near zero off course error.",
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"text": "When ATC complimented him on that, he blurted out that he had used his hand-held.",
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"text": "He was subsequently violated for using a non-approved navigational system.",
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"text": "Whether the incident really happened, I don't know, but an airline's FAA approved op specs specifies not only which navigation methods are to be used but also which systems by brand and model name (at least back when I was flying).",
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"text": "Most aircraft cross the atlantic by GPS, usually with INS as backup.",
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"text": "INS as the primary form of navigation is still used as well.",
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"text": "Historically, a combination of dead reckoning and long range radio navigation systems were used on transatlantic routes.",
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"text": "These include Decca , LORAN C and Omega .",
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"text": "Omega was shut down in 1997,",
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"text": "Decca in 2000 and LORAN C ceased in 2010.",
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"text": "They do use GPS, with backups, as the other answers describe.",
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"text": "If your question is inspired by MH370, remember that GPS tells you where you are: it doesn't tell anyone else where you are.",
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"text": "GPS works by having a bunch of satellites sending out signals and, based on the signals you hear, you can calculate your own position.",
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"text": "A GPS user doesn't transmit anything back to the satellites.",
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"text": "What MH370 lacked was a system that was reporting its location back to base.",
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"text": "Mode of air navigation I've witnessed: Celestial - sextant and charts.",
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"text": "Like, no kidding, right out of days of sailing ships.",
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"text": "Atmospheric pressure - driving along specific barometric pressure lines.",
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"text": "By no means a primary form of navigation.",
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"text": "Omega - now obsolete.",
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"text": "Triangulates on a small number of very powerful radio transmitters spread around the globe.",
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"text": "At least good enough to hit the ADIZ w/in limits.",
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"text": "I'm told when particularly close to a transmitter it can be as accurate as A Cat 2 ILS beam.",
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"text": "Inertial Nav - GPS.",
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"text": "what's that?",
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"question": "How do airliners cross the ocean without GPS? Do they use dead-reckoning or are there navigation aids floating out there?",
"title": "How do airliners cross the ocean without GPS?",
"forum": "aviation.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<navigation><gnss><oceanic><navaids>",
"link": "aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/2589",
"author": "aviation.stackexchange.com/users/718/flyingfisch"
} | 20_2 | [
[
"To cross the ocean without GPS only a clock, compass and sextant are needed. In the past, a combination of dead reckoning and long range radio navigation were used. The INS is now used and it feeds into the flight management computer, it can be used as a primary navigation form without GPS.",
"Methods of crossing the ocean without GPS include INS; a clock, compass and sextant; celestial navigation; atmospheric pressure. In the past, dead reckoning and long-range radio navigation were combined and used for transatlantic routes."
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"INS can still be used as the primary form of navigation.",
"A clock, compass and sextant can be used or celestial navigation can be used with a sextant and charts.",
"In the past, dead reckoning and long-range radio navigation were combined and used for transatlantic routes.",
"Atmospheric pressure can be used."
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"text": "The following statement has just been released today by the Prime Minister of Malaysia, in relation to the AAIB: This evening I was briefed by representatives from the UK Air Accidents Investigation Branch (AAIB).",
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"text": "They informed me that Inmarsat, the UK company that provided the satellite data which indicated the northern and southern corridors, has been performing further calculations on the data.",
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"text": "Using a type of analysis never before used in an investigation of this sort, they have been able to shed more light on MH370's flight path.",
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"text": "Based on their new analysis, Inmarsat and the AAIB have concluded that MH370 flew along the southern corridor, and that its last position was in the middle of the Indian Ocean, west of Perth.",
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"text": "This is a remote location, far from any possible landing sites.",
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"text": "It is therefore with deep sadness and regret that I must inform you that, according to this new data, flight MH370 ended in the southern Indian Ocean.",
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"text": "We will be holding a press conference tomorrow with further details.",
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"text": "In the meantime, we wanted to inform you of this new development at the earliest opportunity.",
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"text": "We share this information out of a commitment to openness and respect for the families, two principles which have guided this investigation.",
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"text": "Malaysia Airlines have already spoken to the families of the passengers and crew to inform them of this development.",
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"text": "For them, the past few weeks have been heartbreaking; I know this news must be harder still.",
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"text": "I urge the media to respect their privacy, and to allow them the space they need at this difficult time.",
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"text": "It's not a \"new technology\" per se, but a new form of analysis.",
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"text": "You might have heard recently that the aircraft responded to hourly \"pings\" from a satellite:",
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"text": "British satellite company Inmarsat immediately began doing calculations based on a series of hourly \"pings,\" as the plane and one of the company's satellites tried to communicate with each other.",
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"text": "Triangulating those pings seems to have given Inmarsat a pretty good idea of where the plane went, along one of two routes, to the north and to the south.",
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"text": "Here is",
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"text": "some further information : About three hours after Flight MH370 went missing, Inmarsat, a British-based satellite company, began tracking the Boeing 777 through an on-board data system called Aero Classic .",
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"text": "Every hour, Inmarsat's satellites would try to communicate with the aircraft, pinging it with a computerized question asking, in effect, \"Are you there?\"",
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"text": "For several hours, Flight MH370 responded \"Yes, I am,\" notifying engineers on the ground with a so-called handshake that the plane was still powered up.",
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"text": "Using that series of pings, Inmarsat engineers and other analysts were able to piece together two broad, arcing regions where the plane could have been located when it last communicated with the satellite.",
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"text": "\"Our engineers looked at the time between the handshakes, and they realized that the object wasn't stationary under a satellite but moving away from it,\" Christopher McLaughlin, senior vice president of Inmarsat, said Thursday.",
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"text": "\"Over time, the engineers here recognized that there were a number of data points and that it had flown for several hours.",
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"text": "We didn’t know if it was on the northern or southern corridor.\"",
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"text": "More information on how Inmarsat determined MH370 flew along the Southern corridor specifically, will likely be released tomorrow at the press conference (as mentioned in Najib Razak's statement), which I gather is the information you're looking for.",
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"text": "Like most geostationary satellites, Inmarsat 3-F1 is not in a truly fixed orbit relative to the earth: it drifts a few degrees north and south.",
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"text": "Knowing this, and more importantly the speed it is drifting north or south, lets them refine their already very good doppler measurements - if you assume the northern path, you have to assume MH370 had constantly varying airspeed - if you assume the southern route, the airspeed comes out constant.",
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"text": "Apparently the satellite is not exactly geostationary but describes a small 8 figure over a roughly 24 hour cycle, and it is known which direction it is moving towards at any given time.",
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"text": "I think it is in fact the Doppler effect of the combined satellite+plane movement which allowed them to distinguish between the north and the south paths.",
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"text": "So, for instance, if the satellite was moving north at a given time one would expect an increased red shift if the plane was flying south and a reduced one if flying north.",
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"text": "CNN replay of the analysis showed that the south route had the plane approaching the satellite like a train approaching an observer then moving away from the satellite for the rest of that route.",
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"text": "The doppler shift therefore resulted in a higher frequency initially then a lower frequency as the plane traveled south.",
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"text": "If the plane had went north the doppler shift would only cause the frequency to get lower and lower much like the sound of a train traveling only away from an observer.",
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"text": "I assume they could also take into account the slight figure 8 that the satellite takes from the 64.5 degree nominal position.",
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"text": "Also they indicated they calibrated the data to known past flights by 777's going south vs north.",
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"text": "From what I can deduce they compared the redshift of the pings to other aircraft flying the proposed routes and were able to eliminate the north hypothesis.",
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"text": "The plane wasn't flying along that arc.",
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"text": "At the moment in time that the ping was evaluated, the plane had to be somewhere on that arc.",
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"text": "They never said it maintained an equidistance from the satellite.",
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"text": "That would be bizarre.",
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"question": "I saw on news that the AAIB helped to locate the missing MH370 flight, saying that it ended up in Indian Ocean, with the help of a whole new technology. I was wondering what kind of \"new technology\" it was?",
"title": "How did the AAIB assist in locating MH370?",
"forum": "aviation.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<accidents><uk><mh370-incident><aaib>",
"link": "aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/2623",
"author": "aviation.stackexchange.com/users/1744/user1744"
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"AAIB is not new technology but a new form of analysis. A British satellite started tracking flight MH370 after it went missing. The satellite is not stationary and it seems it was a combination of the satellite and plane movement that allowed them to distinguish the path taken.",
"It is a new form of analysis that was used rather than a new technology. Around three hours after the aircarft went missing, a British satellite company started tracking it using Aero Classic - an on-board data system. Instead of being geostationary, the satellite moves in a figure of eight over a period of 24 hours. It is the Doppler effect of the satellite and the plane movement in combination that made it possible to distinguish between the Northern and Southern paths."
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"It is a new form of analysis that was used rather than a new technology.",
"Around three hours after the aircarft went missing, a British satellite company started tracking it using Aero Classic - an on-board data system.",
"Instead of being geostationary, the satellite moves in a figure of eight over a period of 24 hours. It is the Doppler effect of the satellite and the plane movement in combination that made it possible to distinguish between the Northern and Southern paths."
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"text": "FAA Advisory Circular (AC) 150/5300-13A covers \"standards and recommendations for airport design.",
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"text": "\" It does not include any restrictions on proximity to bodies of water, but it does make the following recommendation in paragraph 319(a):",
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"text": "It is recommended that the entire RSA and RPZ be accessible to rescue and fire-fighting vehicles such that no part of the RSA or RPZ is more than 330 feet (100 m) from either an all-weather road or a paved operational surface.",
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"text": "Where an airport is adjacent to a body of water where access by rescue personnel from airport property is desirable, it is recommended that boat launch ramps with appropriate access roads be provided.",
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"text": "The actual FARs ( 14 CFR 139, Certification and Operations: Land Airports ) also do not state a limit.",
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"text": "The only reference to bodies of water of any kind is in §139.325 (Airport emergency plan) paragraph (e): The plan required by this section shall contain provisions, to the extent practicable, for the rescue of aircraft accident victims from significant bodies of water or marsh lands adjacent to the airport which are crossed by the approach and departure flight paths of air carriers.",
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"text": "A body of water or marsh land is significant if the area exceeds one-quarter square mile and cannot be traversed by conventional land rescue vehicles.",
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"text": "To the extent practicable, the plan shall provide for rescue vehicles with a combined capacity for handling the maximum number of persons that can be carried on board the largest air carrier aircraft that the airport reasonably can be expected to serve.",
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"text": "So, bottom line: there is no limit, but airports are required to take water into due consideration when developing emergency plans, and the FAA looks at each airport and plan on a case-by-case basis during airport certification.",
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"text": "As for the rest of the world, I have no authoritative information; but as others have posted, it certainly seems like the situation is the same, there being numerous examples of airports worldwide built on natural or reclaimed land very close to water.",
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"text": "There is no such limit indeed.",
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"text": "Princess Juliana International Airport in Sint Maarten is possibly the most iconic example of airport located near a water body, because of the beach over which airliners fly when approaching RWY 09.",
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"text": "As other mentioned, they are numerous other examples of airports that may be even closer to a water body (i.e. without a beach in between).",
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"text": "image source",
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"text": "Water is not an obstacle.",
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"text": "There are plenty of examples around the world where runways are built on purpose-reclaimed land and the ocean starts just a handful of meters from the end of the runway.",
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"text": "For some random examples, check Nice-Côte d'Azur or Gibraltar or St. Maarten.",
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"text": "Runway 28L and 28R at KSFO , as well as 19L and 19R, have their thresholds right next to the San Francisco Bay.",
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"text": "If you recall, in July 2013, Asiana Airlines Flight 214 landed short due to pilot error.",
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"text": "In November 1968, Japan Airlines Flight 2 completely missed the runway and landed in San Francisco Bay.",
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"text": "Not going by Barra Airport - Barra Airport is famous for its beauty - boasting beaches, machair and hills - and all in a small island; Barra is a special place to visit - especially memorable if you fly in because of the beach landing strip.",
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"text": "Washed by the tide twice a day, Traigh Mhor beach is reputed to be the only beach runway in the world to handle scheduled airline services .",
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"text": "See Barra Airport website",
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"text": "The answer to the question is yes, there are limits.",
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"text": "I'll expand for ICAO regulated airports, but this is also true for FAA ones.",
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"text": "ICAO defines an area surrounding a runway, called runway strip, which purpose is to: a) to reduce the risk of damage to aircraft running off a runway; andb) to protect aircraft flying over it during take-off or landing operations.",
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"text": "A water runway strip would not reduce the risk of damage to aircraft running off a runway.",
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"text": "It would in fact increase it, so a runway strip cannot be made of water.",
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"text": "The size of the runway strip depends on the type of runway, but it ranges 150 m to 0m (zero) in width, and it must extend 30 to 60 m beyond each end of the runway (or the end of the stopways, if there are any).",
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"text": "So, the runway strip contains at least the runway (and its stopways) and extends beyond it on its ends, and sometimes (depending on the type of runway)",
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"text": "it also extends to the sides of the runway, and it defines the limits to how close a runway can be to water.",
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"text": "Going even further, ICAO defines a Runway End Safety Area (RESA) for some types of runways which further increases the minimum distance of water to the runway.",
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"text": "Airports such as Sint Marteen, where the runway is almost 190m from the water, are just examples of how the runway strip and the RESA are applied as safety measures against aircraft running off a runway.",
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"text": "Here is Albert Whitted Airport , a GA facility in St. Petersburg, FL, which has actually juts out into Tampa Bay.",
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"question": "Somtimes planes can either come up short or overrun a runway, ending up in the water. Is there some limit for how close a runway can be to the water? Does it factor into the runway safety area that is required to be clear of obstacles (i.e., is water an obstacle)? Is there any requirement for displaced thresholds near water? I am asking primarily about the US, but information about any other jurisdictions is welcome.",
"title": "Is there a limit of how close a runway can be to the water?",
"forum": "aviation.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<faa-regulations><runways><easa-regulations><casa-regulations><dgca-india-regulations>",
"link": "aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/2822",
"author": "aviation.stackexchange.com/users/1696/fooot"
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"There seems to be some difference in opinion about whether regulations exist relating to the building of airports near water. There is concensus on the fact that the presence of water has to be taken into consideration when emergency plans, etc. are made. Many airports are built near water, including runways at San Francisco airportor even on reclaimed land.",
"There is disagreement as to whether there are limits. One opinion is that there are limits and the other is that there are no limits, but that airports have to take account of nearby water when drawing up emergency plans. When certifying airtports, the FAA looks at each airport and each plan individually. Barra Airport is cited as an example of an airport where there does not seem to be any limit. Water is not an obstacle. There are lots of examples where the runway ends very close to the water. There are runways in San Francisco that have their thresholds very close to San Francisco Bay. Barra Airport has a beach landing strip."
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"There is disagreement as to whether there are limits. One opinion is that there are limits and the other is that there are no limits, but airports have to take account of any nearby water when they are drawing up their emergency plans. When certifying airtports, the FAA looks at each airport and each plan individually. Barra Airport is cited as an example of an airport where there does not seem to be any limit.",
"Although there is no limit, airports have to take account of nearby water when drawing up emergency plans. When certifying airtports, the FAA looks at each airport and each plan individually.",
"Water is not an obstacle.",
"There are lots of examples where the runway ends very close to the water. There are runways in San Francisco that have their thresholds very close to San Francisco Bay. Barra Airport has a beach landing strip."
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"text": "The primary reason is probably that it ensures there is no confusion between passengers, crew, or infants.",
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"text": "Technically, \"passengers\" is the number of seats occupied, \"crew\" is both the pilots and flight attendants on duty.",
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"text": "So any small children brought on as \"lap children\" will not be included in the \"passengers\" count, but should be included in the total number of people on board.",
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"text": "I found another interesting point over on the English Stack Exchange site , which is that dead bodies are sometimes transported as well.",
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"text": "In this case, some might consider these \"people\" as well.",
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"text": "Also, in an incident, the bodies should not be confused with the regular passengers.",
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"text": "So, \"souls\" effectively communicates the number of living humans on board.",
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"text": "There may certainly be holdovers from the maritime influences on aviation as well.",
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"text": "I agree with what fooot said .",
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"text": "Also, I would add, as someone to volunteers in search & rescue (Civil Air Patrol) as a mission pilot, when you hear the word \"souls,\" it adds some urgency and seriousness to the handling of any emergency.",
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"text": "When an air traffic controller asks a pilot, during an emergency, for the number of souls on board, it communicates to the pilot that the controller and pilot are focusing extra hard together on solving the emergency successfully, and that one word tells the pilot that the controller is going to be marshalling resources to help in every way possible.",
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"text": "\"Souls\" is a term full of life and caring.",
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"text": "For rescuers, it communicates very quickly the total number of persons who must be found and saved.",
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"text": "The earliest reference I can find to 'souls' as a count of persons is mid-eighteenth century, although it probably was in use earlier.",
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"text": "It appears in maritime commerce, as the number of living humans aboard a ship, and in civics, as the population of a town or city.",
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"text": "I think that in the early 1700s the words 'people' and 'person' both had strong connotations compared to those words today. '",
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"text": "People' meant humans of a certain country or a specific culture, and 'persons' meant humans of note or important characters.",
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"text": "So I conclude that a need arose, driven by government and commerce, for a word to mean an unaffected and precise head count, that yet afforded those being counted a little more respect than the barrels, boxes, coins, and cows whose numbers were also tallied.",
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"text": "Now if I could find a reference to that usage of 'souls' from the thirteenth or fourteenth century, I would simply assume that it arose from the learned churchmen who were doing the counting, as literacy was not yet widespread.",
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"text": "The term Soul appears many times throughout scripture, Hebrew translation of this particular use and meaning is literally \"breather.",
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"text": "\" Some are on the right track with anatomical heart as this is what is required to circulate oxygen.",
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"text": "This also clarifies why transporting deceased persons are not counted among SOB.",
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"text": "They are no longer breathing.",
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"text": "Aircraft (and previously, ships or trains) are frequently used to transport casketed remains en route to funeral.",
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"text": "\"Souls\" was devised to remove any ambiguity about which \"passengers\" were among the living.",
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"text": "The term \"soul\" once meant a whole person: body and spirit.",
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"text": "Thanks to Hollywood's love affair with the word, most now believe it means spirit.",
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"text": "The sad result of this is several phrases now have a different meaning than the historical writings that contain them once intended. \"not one soul was saved\" - everyone died, now means they are all dammed \"bless his soul \" - may he have a long life (literally blessing the integrity of the body and spirit), now means bless his spirit \"soul mate\" - a person physically and spiritually matched, now means a single special someone that is primarily a match of the spirit \"he sold his soul\" - he has given his life to evil, now means a state of evil that primarily affects the after life \"bare one's soul\" - to share the intimate details of once physical and spiritual life, now means to reveal primarily emotional details as a stand-in for spiritual things \"rest his soul\"",
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"text": "- implying that sleep is symbolic of death, now solely a blessing on the spirit \"lost soul\" - a person not doing well physically and spiritually in this life, now means a person not following spiritual paths",
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"text": "It used to be \"souls on board\", but was frequently abbrievated to 'sob's\", which somehow didn't sound right.",
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"text": "It is now \"persons on board\"; but there's a lot of momentum in the aviation business and \"souls on board\" is still used by many",
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"question": "Why don't they just say 'people' on board, why souls? What is the origin of this term? I'm thinking it comes from sailing as I think I've heard that term in reference to crews out at sea, but I'm not a sailor so I don't know.",
"title": "Why is the total count of people on a plane given as the number of 'souls' on board?",
"forum": "aviation.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<phraseology>",
"link": "aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/2887",
"author": "aviation.stackexchange.com/users/1505/MDMoore313"
} | 20_5 | [
[
"The use of the word souls is probably a hangover from maritime practice. It seems to be used to avoid confusion between passengers, crew and infants. However, it may also be used to instil a sense of urgency in emergency proceedings. Soul is a term used throughout the scriptures and literally means \"breather\" in Hebrew.",
"The term \"souls\" is used so there is no confusion between passengers, crew and infants. It is also used to ensure there is no confusion with dead bodies, which are sometimes also transported. The earliest reference to the term \"souls\" to refer to a head count is from the mid-eighteenth century. The term may have a maritime origin. The term \"soul\" is also used in scripture. It denotes life. When used in scripture, the term translates into Hebrew as \"breather\". In an emergency situation, the term \"souls\" conveys urgency and gravity. When the pilot is asked by the air traffic controller about the number of \"souls on board\", he/she knows that the situation is being taken seriously and that the air traffic controller will be doing everything possible to work with the pilot to resolve the situation successfully."
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"The term \"souls\" is used so there is no confusion between passengers, crew and infants.",
"Dead bodies are sometimes transported as well.",
"The earliest reference that was found of the term \"souls\" to refer to a head count is from the mid-eighteenth century. The term may have a maritime origin. The term \"soul\" is also used in scripture. The Hebrew translation of the term \"soul\" in this context is \"breather\". ",
"In an emergency situation, the term \"souls\" conveys urgency and gravity. When the pilot is asked by the air traffic controller about the number of \"souls on board\", he/she knows that the situation is being taken seriously and that the air traffic controller will be doing everything possible to work with the pilot to resolve the situation successfully.",
"The term \"souls\" denotes life. When used in scripture, the term translates into Hebrew as \"breather\". "
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"text": "IMDB :",
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"text": "McCall's plane is a demilitarized Douglas A-26 Invader, a type used in WWII.",
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"text": "Since the film was made in 1960, I imagine there were plenty of them around.",
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"text": "(The A-26 was known a the B-26 from 1948 to 1965, according to Wikipedia .",
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"text": "The B-25 is easily distinguished because it has the twin tail.)",
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"text": "Yes.",
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"text": "After World War 2, surplus aircraft were cheap, plentiful, and offered great performance compared to pre-war designs, and many were converted to use as executive transports.",
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"text": "The A-26/B-26 was no exception, being the basis for the On Mark Marksman series.",
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"text": "Some of the On Mark conversions involved pretty serious modifications like a new wing spar carrythrough and a new (and much uglier) cockpit.",
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"text": "The B-25, to my knowledge, had no comparable program carried out, but many became water bombers for use in fighting forest fires.",
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"text": "There were undoubtedly some executive conversions made as well!",
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"text": "Other types like the Lockheed Hudson/Ventura/Lodestar transports and patrol aircraft were also popular conversion choices.",
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"text": "The aircraft is a modified Douglas A-26 Invader.",
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"text": "As mentioned in an earlier reply there were several companies which undertook such work.",
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"text": "Most well known was On-Mark Engineering of Van Nuys, CA.",
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"text": "The 26 in question, N36B was one of several (at least two used the same reg.)",
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"text": "owned by citrus tycoon Willis (Bill) Bailard of Santa Barbara, CA.",
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"text": "He had at least three of them over the years.",
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"text": "Possibly four.",
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"text": "Including an unpressurized On-Mark Marketeer.",
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"text": "This example does not have the ring- spar mod as later versions did, and I suspect that it is an earlier Grand Central exec.",
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"text": "version.",
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"text": "Note also in the movie that the 26 still has the fittings for the upper turret installed.",
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"text": "Here is a list of surviving B-25 which may provide some references.",
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"text": "It looks like Redbull has one that they fly around (arguably for business reasons)",
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"text": "I remember Air Spray Ltd., at Red Deer, Alberta, had a highly modified A26 bought from the Mexican government that used to fly around call girls as the interior of the plane had a fully plush white shag carpet everywhere and you could fully stretch out with your hostess.",
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"text": "It also had curtained windows in the back area and a bed type platform in the sealed bomb-bay area.",
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"text": "It also had an extra long nose cone with a small kneeling shower stall that had heated water pumped from a water tank in the nose section.",
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"text": "Just enough for rinsing off.",
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"text": "The A26 outside color was white with a nose to tail medium blue stripe half way up and Mexican registration.",
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"question": "In the movie Cash McCall , the main character, McCall, owns an aircraft that looks remarkably similar to a B-25 or B-26, but is painted yellow and has no turrets. Have these aircraft been converted for private business use or were there business aircraft based on the design of WWII bombers?",
"title": "Have B-25's and B-26's been converted for private business use?",
"forum": "aviation.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<bomber><aircraft-identification>",
"link": "aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/2928",
"author": "aviation.stackexchange.com/users/718/flyingfisch"
} | 20_6 | [
[
"B-25 and B-26 were converted for civilian use after WW2, as seen in the film Cash McCall, because they offered better performance than pre-war planes. Some were even used for transporting call girls. The aircraft in the film is an A-26 Invader.",
"Yes, these aircraft have been converted for business use. After World War 2, there were lots of them, they were cheap and they performed very well compared to pre-war designs. Many of them were converted for business transport use. The company Air Spray Ltd. purchased a highly modified A26 from the Mexican government. It was used to transport call girls. The aircraft in the film is a modified Douglas A-26 Invader."
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"Yes, these aircraft have been converted for business use. After World War 2, there were lots of them, they were cheap and they performed very well compared to pre-war designs. Many of them were converted for business transport use. The company Air Spray Ltd. purchased a highly modified A26 from the Mexican government. It was used to transport call girls.",
"The aircraft in the film is a modified Douglas A-26 Invader.",
"The company Air Spray Ltd. purchased a highly modified A26 from the Mexican government. It was used to transport call girls."
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"text": "Small planes tend to have keys, but not all.",
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"text": "The bigger the plane the less likely a key is needed and once you get into jets",
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"text": ", I can't think of any that need keys for engine starts.",
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"text": "The starting and securing of engines with no keys comes down to switches and knobs.",
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"text": "Likewise with exterior doors, on smaller planes including private end executive jets, you can find keyed exterior doors and luggage compartments.",
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"text": "With transport jets at airlines you won't find keys.",
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"text": "To secure those doors the jet bridge is pulled away from the airplane so there is no physical access to the boarding door.",
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"text": "As a private pilot, single-engine land, I've flown maybe fifty different light planes--none with any more than four seats or 210HP--and all of them have had ignition keys.",
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"text": "I haven't been in the cockpit of anything bigger.",
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"text": "Generally the keys have five positions: OFF, MAG 1, MAG 2, BOTH, and START.",
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"text": "You insert the key at the OFF position, turn it all the way to START and hold it there until the engine catches, and then release it back to BOTH.",
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"text": "MAG 1 and MAG 2 (sometimes LEFT and RIGHT) are for the runup check just before takeoff to make sure both your magnetos are working.",
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"text": "Usually the same key that fits in the ignition switch fits in the door lock.",
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"text": "It's pretty common for a small plane to have only one door that's unlockable from the outside: you lock all the other doors from the inside, then climb out and lock the last door.",
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"text": "One thing I've noticed, though, is that keys and locks for small planes don't appear to be serious",
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"text": "--at least, not the same level of serious that you see on cars and buildings.",
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"text": "They're more serious than briefcase keys or computer-case keys, but they look about as pickable as a cheap padlock...and while I've never looked, I wouldn't be surprised if you could reach under the edge of the instrument panel, pull wires with spade lugs off the back of the ignition switch, and touch them together yourself.",
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"text": "Private aircraft tend to be parked at airports with no effective security, and owned by individuals who expect to start and lock it like a car.",
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"text": "I've seen many, and they all had ignition keys.",
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"text": "Small aircraft (mainly single-engine) are also more-or-less interchangeable - if you can fly a Cessna you can fly a Beechcraft without any real issues so theft is a genuine concern.",
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"text": "Commercial aircraft are typically parked at large airports with 24-hour security, these days likely armed.",
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"text": "And they are not interchangeable.",
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"text": "Put a 747 captain with 20 years experience in Boeings into an Airbus 320 and he won't be able to find the light switch, never mind fly it away.",
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"text": "Besides ignition keys, small airplanes (single engine land) can be equipped with throttle locks.",
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"text": "These metal devices fit over the throttle lever or vernier control and are secured with either a key or a numeric code.",
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"text": "I've frequently seen this kind of lock on rental aircraft.",
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"text": "Here's an example :",
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"text": "C-160 TRANSALL has a door lock.",
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"text": "As a military cargo aircraft sometimes lands at remote airfields (or not even airfields), this is needed to \"secure\" the aircraft.",
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"text": "Heavy jet aircraft do not have keys.",
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"text": "You can enter the cockpit door which do not have locks, start up the APU - a small jet engine in the tail - to give you power and air.",
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"text": "Then start the main engines all of which just have toggle or push button switches.",
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"text": "It would be very easy to steal if you knew the systems.",
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"text": "As an aircraft mechanic for 40 years I feel there is a severe threat for this to happen.",
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"text": "I invented a small tool that would keep this from happening but no one is interested as of yet.",
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"text": "There is a pilot who attempted to steal a commerial aircraft on 7-17-2012.",
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"text": "I have contacted the TSA, FAA, Professional Pilots ass.",
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"text": "with my concerns and the answer to the issue.",
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"text": "I guess it will just have to happen before anyone listens!",
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"text": "I can only speak to types I have experience with, so: Light GA singles typically have ignition keys.",
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"text": "Light GA twins typically do not.",
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"text": "When you get to the heavy stuff, I have no idea. :-)",
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"text": "I think the answer is: it depends.",
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"text": "The Citabria has two toggle switches, one for each magneto, and a push button starter.",
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"text": "Pilots who have never started one may have trouble because the accepted practice is to put the stick in the crook of your right elbow to keep the elevator back and the tail wheel on the ground, and your right hand on the throttle, which is on the left wall.",
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"text": "After flicking on the mags with your left hand high on the right wall, you press the starter button with your left hand.",
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"text": "It requires some practice!",
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"text": "But I think it might confuse a Cessna driver, or at least make him nose over.",
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"text": "Here's a picture of the interior of the LSA version of the Citabria:",
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"text": "My Mooney has a fancy high-security lock.",
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"text": "But even if you have the key, the 270HP engine, turbocharger, and laminar flow wings, not to mention the constant speed prop, cowl flaps, and high V-speeds will prevent even a 777-typed ATP from having a successful solo first flight.",
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"text": "Some business jets like the Gulfstream for instance have a key to lock your passenger door from the outside, for instance if your aircraft is in night halt or you're gonna leave the aircraft parked for a day or so...",
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"text": "it's mainly for the security of the aircraft.",
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"text": "Most commercially used aircraft like Airbuses, have a CDSS (Cockpit Door Surveillance System), which allows the flight crew to see who is trying to access the cockpit door from the cabin.",
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"text": "Most of the time, a cockpit door with CDSS has a unique password to be entered on the touchpad of the cockpit door (at the entrance to the cockpit from the cabin) to get access to the flight crew compartment.",
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"text": "These passwords are normally known to the cabin crew and flight crews only.",
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"text": "Commercial aircraft normally do not have a door key to lock it from the outside as its security is monitored by airport security staff.",
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"question": "One thing I've always wondered is: do airplanes have keys that you put in the ignition to start? And on the outside doors? Otherwise how are they secured and started? I'm interested to know about a broad range of aircraft; from GA, all the way to airliners.",
"title": "Do planes have keys?",
"forum": "aviation.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<cockpit><security>",
"link": "aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/3015",
"author": "aviation.stackexchange.com/users/97/Danny Beckett"
} | 20_7 | [
[
"It appears that small planes have keys both for the ignition and for doors while large commercial airliners do not have any keys and are started with switches.",
"It depends. Small planes usually have keys, although this is not always the case. Often a small plane will have only one door that can be locked from the outside - all the others are locked from the inside. Small planes may also have throttle locks. Specific examples of planes with keys include the C-160 TRANSALL, Light GA singles, the Mooney. The Citabria has two toggle switches and a push button starter. If a plane has no keys, the engines are started and secured using switches and knobs. Large commercial aircraft do not have keys. Most have a cockpit door surveillance system, which the crew use to see who is attempting to access the cockpit. Private aircraft do not usually have effective security when parked at airports and their owners like to be able to lock them with a key. For some business jets, the passenger door can be locked from the outside. "
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"Small planes usually have keys, although this is not always the case. Often a small plane will have only one door that can be locked from the outside - all the others are locked from the inside. Small planes may also have throttle locks.",
"If a plane has no keys, the engines are started and secured using switches and knobs.",
"Large commercial aircraft do not have keys. Most have a cockpit door surveillance system, which the crew use to see who is attempting to access the cockpit.",
"Private aircraft do not usually have effective security when parked at airports and their owners like to be able to lock them with a key. For some business jets, the passenger door can be locked from the outside.",
"Specific examples of planes with keys include the C-160 TRANSALL, Light GA singles, the Mooney. The Citabria has two toggle switches and a push button starter.",
"It depends."
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"text": "Sometimes they do add temporary tanks.",
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"text": "Here's a picture of what Hawaiian Airlines had to do to get their fleet of 717's over the Pacific because they did not have the range.",
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"text": "I don't have the answer to your question specifically, but I would guess they either add temporary tanks and go from SBNT-GUCY which is not much further than max-range, or take the long haul through the US and Europe.",
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"text": "There's a Cranky Flier blog post about this.",
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"text": "First of all, yes, there are tricks to get the aircraft fly farther.",
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"text": "You can leave the payload out, this will allow you to fill all fuel tanks without reaching the maximum take-off mass.",
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"text": "Less mass means less induced drag, so you can fly higher and at a lower fuel flow.",
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"text": "It will also allow you to install temporary tanks to carry even more fuel than the aircraft was designed for.",
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"text": "That is how small GA aircraft get transferred from the US to Europe.",
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"text": "This is a typical payload-range diagram with the three distinct points: Maximum payload, maximum fuel and transfer range with no payload.",
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"text": "The slope between maximum payload and maximum fuel points shows how well the additional mass of fuel is converted into range (mostly due to engine efficiency), and the slope of the lower segment between maximum fuel and no payload shows how much the weight reduction increases range (due to induced drag reduction).",
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"text": "In jets and turboprops, you can use higher-density fuel (PDF) which gives you more energy per volume in order to get a few more percent of range.",
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"text": "And if all fails, you can disassemble the aircraft and ship or fly the parts over.",
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"text": "If the range is not sufficient, the plane will be small enough and will be designed for easy dis- and reassembly.",
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"text": "Short Belfast being loaded with JetRanger (own work)",
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"text": "I flew in a brand spanking new Airbus A320 on its maiden voyage from Toulouse, France to New York about 13 years ago.",
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"text": "We had to stop in Iceland and Newfoundland for fuel before heading to New York.",
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"text": "At Oshkosh every year (EAA Airventure)",
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"text": "I hear about pilots crossing from Africa (the furthest western point) to the furthest eastern point of Brazil in a single engine small plane.",
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"text": "So I'm betting the jet",
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"text": "can easily make that crossing.",
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"text": "They do have to put down at the first airport to get fuel.",
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"text": "That flight is not one I'd care to do...",
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"text": "An Australian company I used to work for purchased a Jetstream 41 turboprop off an American seller.",
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"text": "With a range of only about 1400 kilometres, there was no chance of safely making it across the Pacific.",
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"text": "So the ferry flight went through Canada, Alaska, Russia, right down through south Asia to northen Australia.",
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"text": "So the answer is, when they can't extend the range far enough, they'll go the long way!!",
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"text": "I was chatting to one of the Pilots of Maldivian Air Taxi a number of years ago, who fly Canadian built Twin Otter's.",
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"text": "He remarked that one of the more interesting jobs for that carrier was the \"Overhaul flights\".",
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"text": "A few pilots spend almost all year ferrying their aircraft back and forth to Canada.",
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"text": "I don't remember the exact route but it involved lots and lots of stop-offs for fuel.",
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"question": "Today I flew on an Embraer 190 of Kenya Airways. Checking in the tech specs this aircraft has a range of roughly 2900 km. Considering it is built in Brasil, I was wondering how do they deliver it to Africa since they would have to cross the Atlantic Ocean which I suppose is more than 2900 kms of range it has available. Do they add temporary tanks and, of course, by flying the aircraft empty get more range out of it?",
"title": "How do airliners get from the factory to the client if the aircraft does not have the required range?",
"forum": "aviation.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<airliner><ferry-flight><range>",
"link": "aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/3367",
"author": "aviation.stackexchange.com/users/770/Fabrizio Mazzoni"
} | 20_8 | [
[
"There are a number of ways of getting an aircraft to a client beyond its normal range. Sometimes, temporary tanks are added. Higher density fuel can be used. When empty an aircraft can fly beyond its normal range. Alternatively, it can take a route where it can stop to refuel. Finally, it can be disassembled for transporting.",
"There are things that can be done to extend the distance the aircraft can fly. Temporary tanks are sometimes added. Or they may take the SBNT-GUCY route, as this is not much further than the maximum range, or fly long haul through the US and Europe. The payload can be left out. This means that all the fuel tanks can be filled without reaching maximum take-off mass. Higher-density fuel can also be used in jets and turboprops. This results in more energy per volume to increase the range a little. If nothing else works, the aircraft can be taken apart and the individual parts tranported by sea or air."
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"Temporary tanks are sometimes added. Or they may take the SBNT-GUCY route, as this is not much further than the maximum range, or fly long haul through the US and Europe.",
"There are things that can be done to extend the distance the aircraft can fly.",
"The payload can be left out. This means that all the fuel tanks can be filled without reaching maximum take-off mass. Higher-density fuel can also be used in jets and turboprops. This results in more energy per volume to increase the range a little.",
"If nothing else works, the aircraft can be taken apart and the individual parts tranported by sea or air."
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"text": "Depends on what you mean.",
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"text": "Get to high altitude?",
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"text": "Yes you can.",
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"text": "It is really inefficient to get there, but some aircraft already do it.",
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"text": "Achieve a stable orbit and be able to maintain control?",
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"text": "No, at those altitudes you do not have enough oxygen to keep your engines running, you have to bring your own (and thus use a rocket) For the sake of clarity, some definitions: reaction engine : includes both rockets and jets.",
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"text": "The engine pushes some mass in one direction and by reaction it achieves thrust in the opposite one. jet (engine): is used to refer to airbreathing engines.",
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"text": "The aircraft carries the fuel, but not the oxidizer; that is taken from the surrounding atmosphere.",
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"text": "rocket (engine): is used to refer to non-airbreathing engines.",
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"text": "The (space)craft carries both the fuel and the oxidizer.",
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"text": "No atmosphere is needed.",
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"text": "space :",
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"text": "above 100km of altitude.",
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"text": "go to space : staying in space :",
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"text": "Images from xkcd",
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"text": "For certain values of \"go to space\", yes.",
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"text": "The Karman line (the altitude at which an airplane cannot generate enough lift to stay aloft at any speed slower than orbital velocity) is usually considered the lower edge of outer space.",
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"text": "This implies that with a powerful engine and enough fuel it's possible to \"fly\" up into space: you just keep gaining altitude and speed until you find yourself in orbit.",
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"text": "No aircraft has actually done this.",
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"text": "The X-15 and SpaceShipOne were both able to reach that altitude in zoom climbs; neither went fast enough to stay there.",
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"text": "It depends what you include in \"non-rocket aircraft\".",
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"text": "Wikipedia has a whole article on \" Non-rocket spacelaunch \" which discusses the various options.",
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"text": "The short version is, there are no current space launch systems which do not use rockets.",
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"text": "The most practical one we know",
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"text": "of appears to be space guns , which have been successfully used for sub-orbital launches",
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"text": "(but are not practical for human spaceflight).",
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"text": "A jet engine can only accept air at around half the speed of sound.",
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"text": "If the plane is flying faster, the inlet system needs to slow the air down before accelerating it again.",
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"text": "Hence the higher the speed, the less thrust it can provide.",
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"text": "It is not like a rocket engine that always pulls with comparable force.",
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"text": "A plane needs to accelerate to Mach 25 or about to fly into orbit as a spacecraft, and this is only possible with a new type of engine.",
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"text": "Scramjet that is a jet engine, not a rocket, could probably do this.",
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"text": "However this engine seems still under development and currently a rocket is required to accelerate to the speed under that this engine can even be started.",
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"text": "I'm not sure how you'd classify the proposed Skylon spacecraft spacecraft.",
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"text": "It would be an airbreathing reactive engine in lower altitudes but a rocket above 26 km.",
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"text": "It might be a game changer.",
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"text": "But this time I don't give even odds that Skylon will come to pass.",
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"text": "I recall hearing about F-15s making ballistic suborbital flights, by simply getting up enough of a head of steam to coast through near-space.",
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"text": "I don't think they actually went into \"space\" (100 km altitude) and they certainly didn't make orbit.",
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"text": "Does anyone else recall the specifics on this?",
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"text": "I can find some references online to using F-15s to test launch ASAT missiles, but my recollection was that the whole aircraft actually went high enough to get well above maximum cruising altitude.",
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"text": "No aircraft powered by engines which rely on atmospheric oxygen can operate outside of Earths atmosphere, 100,000 ft is approximately the altitude limit for air breathing aircraft using conventional fuels, higher sustained altitudes might be possible using liquid hydrogen, but the utility of very high speed and altitude performance as a means of avoiding interception is questionable today.",
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"text": "No air breathing aircraft is likely to outrun a rocket propelled Surface to Air Missile however apparently impressive it's performance statistics.",
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"question": "I always wondered if it was possible for planes and other aircraft to leave the Earth's atmosphere. Normal commercial transport airplanes can fly pretty high, but then they need air to get the speed boost from. Reactive engines seem like a better idea, but I don't know how much importance air has for them. Is it possible to get to space from Earth's surface using a non-rocket aircraft?",
"title": "Can aircraft other than rockets go to space?",
"forum": "aviation.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<aerodynamics><jet-engine><aircraft-limitations>",
"link": "aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/3425",
"author": "aviation.stackexchange.com/users/1542/user1306322"
} | 20_9 | [
[
"It is not currently possible to get into space using an aircraft. 100,000 feet is the altitude limit for engines relying on atmospheric oxygen.",
"At present, there are no space launch systems that do not use rockets. A plane needs to reach speeds of around Mach 25 to fly into orbit. This is only possible with a new type of engine. There have been reports of F-15s making ballistic suborbital flights simply by picking up enough speed to coast through near-space. There are online references to F-15s being used to test-launch ASAT missiles. However, according to the respondent's recollection, the entire aircraft actually rose high enough to exceed maximum cruising altitude. Aircraft powered by engines that are reliant on atmospheric oxygen cannot function outside of the Earth's atmosphere. The altitude limit for air-breathing aircraft that use conventional fuel is around 100,000 ft. It might be possible for higher altitudes to be reached for prolonged periods using liquid hydrogen, but it is questionable how useful very high speed and altitude performance as a means of avoiding interception is nowadays."
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"At present, there are no space launch systems that do not use rockets.",
"A plane needs to reach speeds of around Mach 25 to fly into orbit. This is only possible with a new type of engine.",
"There have been reports of F-15s making ballistic suborbital flights simply by picking up enough speed to coast through near-space. There are online references to F-15s being used to test-launch ASAT missiles. However, according to the respondent's recollection, the entire aircraft actually rose high enough to exceed maximum cruising altitude.",
"Aircraft powered by engines that are reliant on atmospheric oxygen cannot function outside of the Earth's atmosphere. The altitude limit for air-breathing aircraft that use conventional fuel is around 100,000 ft. It might be possible for higher altitudes to be reached for prolonged periods using liquid hydrogen, but it is questionable how useful very high speed and altitude performance as a means of avoiding interception is nowadays."
]
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"text": "Several of the answers here seem to suggest that this only happens in first or business class.",
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"text": "While that was historically true, it's not so true anymore.",
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"text": "Airlines such as Cathay Pacific and Korean Air , for instance, have them at every seat in most (or all?)",
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"text": "of their long-haul aircraft.",
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"text": "Delta also has it in parts of economy on several of their long-haul configurations as well as in all of economy on their recently-acquired 717s and 737-900ERs",
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"text": ".",
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"text": "You can check with your specific airline or with sites like Seat Guru before booking to determine what is available on any given aircraft and at which seats.",
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"text": "As Lnafziger said, some airlines' systems require adapters, while others don't.",
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"text": "At least from personal experience, it seems that most of the recent ones do not.",
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"text": "On Korean Air, Cathay, and Delta, the plugs are designed to be able to fit any of the standard power plug types (e.g. North American, European, Asian, etc.)",
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"text": "Since most new electronic devices use auto-switching power supplies, they should accept the 110V/60Hz supplied by most of these systems, even if they're designed for 220V/50Hz markets.",
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"text": "Here's a picture of one of the outlets in economy on the Delta 717s.",
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"text": "Notice that the holes are cut such that any of the standard plug types will fit in it.",
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"text": "The slot on the bottom is a USB power port.",
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"text": "This depends on the airline, but to answer your question: Yes, some airlines do have electrical outlets in the cabin.",
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"text": "It seems that since the FAA relaxed the rules on portable devices that the airlines are seeing the need to add them to more of their fleet.",
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"text": "For example: US Airways has a Business Tools webpage which tells which of their aircraft have outlets.",
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"text": "There are some in both coach and first class.",
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"text": "United has an Inflight connectivity and power webpage whichs shows that a lot of their fleet has electrical outlets and more are coming.",
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"text": "There are different types of outlets, and some of them require an adapter to use while others don't.",
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"text": "Some EMB-145 models have a 120v AC outlet mounted in the cabin just below the cockpit door.",
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"text": "This was powered by an inverter",
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"text": "(EMB-145 is 100% DC busses).",
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"text": "It wasn't for passenger use (primarily for cleaning crews)",
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"text": "and I didn't trust the power coming out of it enough to plug in a laptop, though we sometimes did charge our phones with it.",
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"text": "Some larger airplanes have 120v AC in the cabin mounted at a subset of seats.",
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"text": "I can't recall which airlines, but I have been in a 757 and a corporate CRJ-700",
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"text": "that had this kind of power installed.",
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"text": "To answer your question of \"why don't you see them,\" I think it comes down to power requirements.",
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"text": "As mentioned, new-ish first/business class generally will have outlets available.",
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"text": "You can explore different aircraft here .",
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"text": "The reason it's not available in every seat is capacity.",
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"text": "If you have 150 people pulling 75W, that's 11.25 kW.",
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"text": "On a 737 NG, each of the two generators is rated at 90KVA.",
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"text": "However, they need most of that power to run the radio equipment, avionics, lights, galleys, window heat, entertainment system, and everything else on the plane that runs on electrical power.",
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"text": "So besides a possible upgrade of the generators/power system, this also adds the weight of running cables and having outlets at every seat.",
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"text": "It's a lot easier to do that sort of thing on a train car, where it doesn't have to fly and can get power from the locomotive.",
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"text": "You can find more about the 737 electric system here .",
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"text": "They are universally available since maybe 10 to 15 years, but only in Business and First, and normally would accept both US and European plugs.",
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"text": "In Economy you are out of luck, but if you consider that most airlines have reduced Economy seating pitch to the minimum 31\", laptop use is near impossible there, anyway.",
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"text": "I have seen one instance a few years ago on an older 747 where they had a proprietary socket and would hand out adapters for the different laptops.",
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"text": "Naturally, the adapter kit was of the same age and unusable on some modern laptops.",
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"sents": [
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"text": "Power Sockets are getting pretty common these days.",
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"text": "Most of the Widebodies (specially 777 and 380's have power outlets for 2 out of 3 Seats in each row).",
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"text": "The Power Ratings also are 110V 60Hz commonly.",
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] | {
"question": "As we see trains nowadays with sockets for you to plug your laptop into, as well as Wi-Fi on-board both trains and planes, I'm wondering why you don't see electrical outlets on planes? Do any airlines have sockets in the cabin? How about in first class?",
"title": "Do commercial aircraft have electrical outlets?",
"forum": "aviation.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<airliner><passenger><electrical-system><electronics>",
"link": "aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/3474",
"author": "aviation.stackexchange.com/users/97/Danny Beckett"
} | 20_10 | [
[
"Wide-bodied planes such as 777 and 380 have power outlets for most seats. Other planes, it seems, tend to have them only in first/business class. As the rules on using electronic devices has been relaxed, more airlines are seeing the need for power outlets. You can check for this information with the airline or on sites like Seat Guru.",
"It depends on the airline, but some do now have electrical outlets. They have been available for around 10 to 15 years but only in business and first class. Specific airlines or websites such as Seat Guru should be able to tell you which seats have electrical outlets. United has an in-flight connectivity and power webpage. This shows that many of its planes now have outlets and there are plans for more to be added. The presence of electrical outlets in planes is increasing and they are now fairly common. This may be due in part to the FAA relaxing its rules on portable devices. Some larger airplanes, including the EMB-145, have a 120v AC outlet in the cabin. If a plane does not have them, it is usually a question of power requirements. There are not usually outlets in Economy, but it is very difficult to use a laptop in Economy in any case due to the reduced seating pitch. One of the respondents recalls seeing a proprietary socket on an older 747 that would be handed out with adapters for use with different laptops. Most wide-body aircraft have outlets for two of every three seats in a row."
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"Electrical outlets have been available for around 10 to 15 years but only in business and first class. ",
"Specific airlines or websites such as Seat Guru should be able to tell you which seats have electrical outlets. United has an in-flight connectivity and power webpage. This shows that many of its planes now have outlets and there are plans for more to be added.",
"It depends on the airline, but some do now have electrical outlets.",
"The presence of electrical outlets in planes is increasing and they are now fairly common. This may be due in part to the FAA relaxing its rules on portable devices. ",
"Some larger airplanes, including the EMB-145, have a 120v AC outlet in the cabin.",
"If a plane does not have them, it is usually a question of power requirements.",
"There are not usually outlets in Economy, but it is very difficult to use a laptop in Economy in any case due to the reduced seating pitch.",
"One of the respondents recalls seeing a proprietary socket on an older 747 that would be handed out with adapters for use with different laptops.",
"Most wide-body aircraft have outlets for two of every three seats in a row."
]
] |
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"text": "CASA (Australia's aviation authorities) has a report on an airprox between a crop duster and a surveying mini-drone: ATSB incident report",
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"text": "There are two instances I remember hearing about.",
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"text": "This one happened to a plane landing at JFK, and the FBI was seeking information about it.",
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"text": "They reported seeing a small black \"drone aircraft\" with four propellers.",
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"text": "I don't think they every found anything more.",
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"text": "And just recently , two planes landing at YVR saw an RC helicopter, one plane coming very close to it.",
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"text": "The RCMP was investigating, but again it's not certain whether they will come up with anything about it.",
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"text": "There is also an investigation into a video taken from a quadrotor showing a plane landing at YVR.",
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"text": "And if you thought that was close, check out this video from Australia.",
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},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "It september 2017, a DJI Phantom collided with an US Black Hawk helicopter causing a real damage to main rotor.",
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"text": "Obviously a military helicopter cannot be destroied by a small uav (why develop expensive Sparrow or Maverick rockets when a simple Phantom could land a military object ;-) )",
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"text": "but... surely it would be a true danger...",
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"author": "aviation.stackexchange.com/users/11089/Luca Detomi",
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"sents": [
{
"text": "This one in Tallahassee with a regional jet got a lot of attention when it happened but there are many more.",
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"text": "The FAA keeps a database, and I expect we'll see about an actual collision with a Part 121 aircraft soon enough as the number of airborne UAVs is increasing rapidly.",
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"sents": [
{
"text": "February 2018 - What is thought to be",
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"text": "the first drone collision in the US occurred in February 2018.",
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"text": "The National Transportation Safety Board is investigating a helicopter crash landing in South Carolina that may have been caused by a civilian drone, according to a report from Bloomberg .",
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] | {
"question": "Small civilian mini-drones such as the DJI Phantom or professional surveying drones are becoming increasingly widespread, raising concerns about the potential collision/airprox with manned aircraft (especially GA where flight altitude is typically relatively low). Have there been actual cases of collision and/or dangerous airprox reported so far? What were the consequences?",
"title": "Have there been any cases of collision/airprox of small drones with manned aircraft?",
"forum": "aviation.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<general-aviation><unmanned-aerial-vehicle><mid-air-collision>",
"link": "aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/3581",
"author": "aviation.stackexchange.com/users/94/abey"
} | 20_11 | [
[
"There have been some collisions/airprox incidents involving drones. Cases of airprox have been reported in Australia and airprox and collisions have been reported in the US.",
"There have been cases of collision/airprox with drones. CASA, the Australian aviation authority, has filed a report relating to an airprox between a crop duster and a surveying mini-drone. There was also an incident at YVR involving two planes and an RC helicopter, which came very close to one of the planes. There is also an investigation being carried out on a video taken from a quadrotor, which shows a plane landing at YVR. Other incidents include a DJI Phantom colliding with a US Black Hawk helicopter in September 2017 and a helicopter crash landing in South Carolina, which may have been caused by a civilian drone and which is being investigated by the National Transportation Safety Board."
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"There have been cases of collision/airprox with drones. CASA, the Australian aviation authority, has filed a report relating to an airprox between a crop duster and a surveying mini-drone. There was also an incident at YVR involving two planes and an RC helicopter, which came very close to one of the planes. There is also an investigation being carried out on a video taken from a quadrotor, which shows a plane landing at YVR. Other incidents include a DJI Phantom colliding with a US Black Hawk helicopter in September 2017 and a helicopter crash landing in South Carolina, which may have been caused by a civilian drone and which is being investigated by the National Transportation Safety Board."
]
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[
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "It is important to remember that it is often difficult to diagnose radio malfunction during flight.",
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{
"text": "Therefore it is hard to know whether you have a malfunctioning transmitter, a malfunctioning receiver, or perhaps both.",
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"cluster_id": [
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{
"text": "You also have the point-of-failure that is the headset you are using.",
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"cluster_id": [
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{
"text": "For this reason it is quite usual to carry a spare headset and the first piece of diagnostics is to swap headsets.",
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"text": "Many General aviation aircraft also have a handheld microphone and speakers integrated into the radio stack.",
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"cluster_id": [
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{
"text": "Once you've ascertained that its the actual transmitter and/or receiver that has failed it is common to set the transponder to 7600.",
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"cluster_id": [
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{
"text": "For landing, the relevant detail for the procedure to follow is contained within Chapter 4, Section 2-13 of the AIM : Receiver Inoperative Remain outside class D airspace until the direction of air traffic can be ascertained Notify the tower",
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],
"label_summ": [
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{
"text": "your type, position, altitude, intention to land and request",
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],
"cluster_id": [
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{
"text": "you are controlled with light signals At 3 -5 miles, advise the tower of your position and join the traffic pattern Watch",
"label": [
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],
"label_summ": [
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"cluster_id": [
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{
"text": "the tower for light signals Continue to advise of position (downwind, turning base, etc)",
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"text": "Transmitter inoperative Remain outside class D airspace until the direction of air traffic can be ascertained",
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"label_summ": [
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],
"cluster_id": [
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},
{
"text": "Monitor the primary local control frequency as depicted on sectional charts for landing or traffic info.",
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"cluster_id": [
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{
"text": "Look out for light signals that may be directed to your aircraft During hours of daylight, acknowledge tower transmissions or light signals by rocking your wings At night, acknowledge by blinking landing of navigation lights Transmitter & Receiver inoperative",
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"label_summ": [
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"cluster_id": [
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"text": "Remain outside class D airspace until the direction of air traffic can be ascertained Maintain visual contact with the tower and acknowledge light signals as above.",
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],
"label_summ": [
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"cluster_id": [
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},
{
"text": "The light signals used for an aircraft in flight are as follows source : Steady green - Cleared to land Flashing",
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"text": "green - Cleared to approach airport, or return to land Steady red - Continue circling, give way to other aircraft Flashing red - Airport unsafe, do not land Alternating red and green - Exercise extreme caution",
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"label_summ": [
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"cluster_id": [
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{
"text": "They can be seen in this video .",
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"answer_details": {
"author": "aviation.stackexchange.com/users/100/Jamiec",
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"text": "First thing you do when the radio breaks down is to start squawking 7600",
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"text": "(the code for radio malfunction) on your transponder.",
"label": [
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"cluster_id": [
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},
{
"text": "Then when you approach the airport they will attempt to contact you first through radio (to see if you can still hear them) and you use alternate means of replying (sending IDENT on transponder, rocking your wings,...).",
"label": [
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],
"label_summ": [
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"cluster_id": [
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{
"text": "If you can't hear them they will use a light gun to convey messages.",
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"answer_details": {
"author": "aviation.stackexchange.com/users/609/ratchet freak",
"score": 18
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{
"sents": [
{
"text": "Ratchet Freak has a good answer.",
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"text": "In addition, please pull out your cellphone and try calling the tower .",
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},
{
"text": "Somewhere in the bottom of my flight bag I have a small book with telephone numbers at towers.",
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{
"text": "If you don't have that, call Lock-Mart Flight Service at 1-800-wx-brief",
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"text": "tell him you need the tower number.",
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"cluster_id": [
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{
"text": "Also remember that there is no requirement for a radio in an airplane.",
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{
"text": "NORDO (No Radio)",
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{
"text": "aircraft are perfectly legal although in practice, they operate mostly out of non-towered fields.",
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"text": "Operating out of a towered airport is still possible, but it requires prior coordination with the tower.",
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{
"text": "Note",
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"cluster_id": [
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"text": "please that flight in the SFRA around Washington DC does require a radio, and I have seen no procedures to allow for NORDO aircraft in this area.",
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"text": "If your radio stops working, one option is to fly to a non-towered field and do what the NORDO planes do:",
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"cluster_id": [
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{
"text": "Overfly the field at a safe altitude, note wind direction from the wind sock or tetrahedron, note other traffic in the area, and fit yourself into the traffic pattern... and land.",
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"answer_details": {
"author": "aviation.stackexchange.com/users/291/Skip Miller",
"score": 15
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "I was a Junior Technician, later Corporal, Air Wireless Fitter in the R.A.F. in 1952-4, servicing Gloster Meteors' radios at a Flying Training School, and the signal then was for the pilot to waggle the aircraft's wings as he approached, or flew by, on his way to land, to show he could not contact the Control Tower.",
"label": [
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},
{
"text": "Then we had to fix it.",
"label": [
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"label_summ": [
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],
"cluster_id": [
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{
"text": "I was made a Corporal so that I could sign off our work on the aircraft out on the airfield, usually just tuning up to a new crystal to suit the frequencies of a distant Station.",
"label": [
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{
"text": "I got the promotion so the Sergeant could stay in the nice warm office",
"label": [
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{
"text": ": I didn't mind -- I was \"/Paid",
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{
"text": "\" extra, nice for a \"National Service",
"label": [
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{
"text": "Only\" erk.",
"label": [
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},
{
"text": "Happy days",
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"cluster_id": [
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}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "aviation.stackexchange.com/users/2312/Harry Weston",
"score": 6
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{
"sents": [
{
"text": "The NORDO procedures are covered extensively in the AIM.",
"label": [
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"label_summ": [
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"cluster_id": [
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},
{
"text": "That is suggested reading for any pilot.",
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"cluster_id": [
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{
"text": "Cellphones are unlikely to work airborne, except close to the ground, and then in remote areas.",
"label": [
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"label_summ": [
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"cluster_id": [
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},
{
"text": "Most cell systems will ignore a phone which brings up many towers, thereby preventing it from calling.",
"label": [
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"label_summ": [
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"cluster_id": [
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},
{
"text": "Text might work better.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
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"cluster_id": [
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},
{
"text": "Most pilots don't frequently call towers, but it is worth noting that many times the tower will not answer the phone, depending upon workload.",
"label": [
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"label_summ": [
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"cluster_id": [
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"text": "Calling FSS might work better, and they have more direct access to the tower through multiple means.",
"label": [
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"label_summ": [
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"cluster_id": [
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{
"text": "Many pilots carry a small transceiver, which is a good backup device.",
"label": [
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"label_summ": [
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"cluster_id": [
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},
{
"text": "I use mine to get ATIS and Clearance prior to engine start.",
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{
"text": "At least that way",
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"cluster_id": [
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{
"text": "I know it is frequently working.",
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{
"text": "A final point, if you do loose transmit capability, listen on the last frequency you were talking on.",
"label": [
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],
"cluster_id": [
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{
"text": "They will probably try to contact you, and you may likely get walked through communications changes until you are on the ground, listening only.",
"label": [
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"cluster_id": [
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},
{
"text": "That has happened to me.",
"label": [
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"label_summ": [
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"cluster_id": [
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},
{
"text": "The radios lost transmit capability due to a failure in the audio panel.",
"label": [
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"text": "Center handed me to approach, who vectored me to the ILS, and gave me a frequency change to the tower.",
"label": [
0
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"cluster_id": [
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"text": "Tower gave me taxi instructions.",
"label": [
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"cluster_id": [
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},
{
"text": "There was no need to transmit.",
"label": [
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"cluster_id": [
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"text": "No need to use a cellphone or anything else, and no need to dig out a backup radio.",
"label": [
0
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"cluster_id": [
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{
"text": "But the starting point for understanding the procedures is to visit the AIM.",
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"text": "https://www.faa.gov/air_traffic/publications/media/aim.pdf",
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"author": "aviation.stackexchange.com/users/18572/mongo",
"score": 3
}
}
] | {
"question": "Is there a special protocol for a situation where the on-board radio communication equipment suddenly breaks down? Would the pilot be able to land on a busy towered airfield or would they be forced to look for a small landing strip in the middle of nowhere?",
"title": "How would an airplane land if the on-board radio breaks down?",
"forum": "aviation.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<landing><emergency><radio-communications><lost-communications>",
"link": "aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/3794",
"author": "aviation.stackexchange.com/users/2172/JonathanReez"
} | 20_12 | [
[
"If the transmitter has failed, it is usual to set the transponder to 7600. NORDO procedures for landing without communication are covered extensively in AIM. The aircraft should remain outside class D airspace until the direction of air traffic has been ascertained and local control frequency should be monitored. Some pilots carry a small transceiver as a backup device.",
"Once you know that it is the transmitter and/or receiver that is not working, you would normally set the transponder to 7600. If the transmitter is not working: stay outside class D airspace until it is possible to identify the direction of traffic. Monitor the primary local control frequency as shown on the sectional charts. The procedure used to be for the pilot to waggle the aircraft's wings as he flew by or approached. This would show the control tower that he was unable to contact them. There is extensive coverage of the NORDO procedures in the AIM. Cellphones are unlikely to work while you are in the air unless you are close to the ground in a remote location. Most pilots do not often make calls to towers but you should bear in mind that the phone will often go unanswered at the tower depending on how much work they have to do. Many pilots have a small transceiver, which is a good backup device."
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[
"Once you know that it is the transmitter and/or receiver that is not working, you would normally set the transponder to 7600. If the transmitter is not working: stay outside class D airspace until it is possible to identify the direction of traffic. Monitor the primary local control frequency as shown on the sectional charts. ",
"The procedure used to be for the pilot to waggle the aircraft's wings as he flew by or approached. This would show the control tower that he was unable to contact them.",
"There is extensive coverage of the NORDO procedures in the AIM.",
"Cellphones are unlikely to work while you are in the air unless you are close to the ground in a remote location.",
"Most pilots do not often make calls to towers but you should bear in mind that the phone will often go unanswered at the tower depending on how much work they have to do.",
"Many pilots have a small transceiver, which is a good backup device."
]
] |
[
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "As far as I'm aware this has never been attempted (and I doubt the Navy would let me try - though I'm certainly game if they are!), but: A Piper J3 Cub stalls at 38mph (33kts).",
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"text": "The USS Enterprise (CVN-65) had a maximum speed of 38.7mph (33.6kts).",
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"text": "So, given a lightly loaded cub and an Enterprise -class carrier at flank speed, it is at least theoretically possible to float that aircraft off the deck (if it were lightly loaded, and thus had a lower stall speed).",
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"text": "Achieving zero relative motion would require a little more effort - specifically you'd have to seek out a headwind, and the Cub would have to be operating at an airspeed above stall, but still pretty close to it.",
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"text": "For example, if the Enterprise were making 30 knots and steaming into a 10 knot headwind the relative wind on deck would be 40 knots.",
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"text": "That's enough to lift the Cub, but as soon as it was in the air it would need to pull itself along (via its engine) to maintain that speed.",
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"text": "The Cub would have zero relative motion above the deck at an airspeed somewhere around 40 knots).",
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"text": "As a (slightly ridiculous) bonus:",
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"text": "The Belite Superlite has a stall speed of 28 mph (25kts).",
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"text": "It would be theoretically possible to fly such a plane like a kite from an aircraft carrier.",
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"text": "Its advertised takeoff and landing distances (both ~500ft) are also such that it could operate from a carrier deck without need for the catapult to launch or arresting wire to stop.",
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"text": "A Cessna 150 can take off at 48 knots rotation speed.",
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"text": "An aircraft carrier can do 30 knots, and an 18 knot headwind is certainly possible at sea.",
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"text": "That puts a 48 knot wind over the wings, enough for the Cessna to take off.",
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"text": "The engine would counteract drag, allowing the plane to \"float\" off the deck.",
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"text": "If you have any doubt about this being possible, just watch what happens if you don't tie down your plane properly.",
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"text": "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IPOtDPHjW-Y",
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"text": "What you say is not only possible, but it has been used to land a plane on a much smaller (and a bit faster) ship than an aircraft carrier.",
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"text": "Try to search in the web for the video",
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"text": "\"Extreme small plane landing on a ship at sea\".",
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"text": "Here is a working link at the moment: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pUdzVnZBaoY",
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"text": "It all depends on the minimum flight speed and the ship's maximum speed.",
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"text": "Even with the slow speed of submarines, floating a flying machine is possible if the machine has been designed that way.",
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"text": "In order to increase the observation radius of submarines (typically only 5nm), an unpowered gyrocopter was designed in 1941 to lift an observer 500 ft up into the air to increase the observation radius to 25 nm.",
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"text": "Gyrocopters are known for their low flying speeds, and this one, the Focke-Achgelis 330 , was designed to be folded away in a watertight container and to be stored on the deck of the submarine.",
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"text": "It could be assembled and de-assembled within 20 minutes and was then towed behind the submarine like a kite.",
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"text": "The minimum flight speed was only 27 km/h (14.5 its), just enough for a submarine going at full speed and a little wind.",
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"text": "The forward speed of a carrier might not be the listed max speed, if heading into a strong headwind.",
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"text": "However, if the relative wind is great enough, the aircraft wings would create more lift than the weight of the plane.",
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"text": "There are of course issues like structure induced turbulence which might adversely impact handling.",
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"text": "And if near equilibrium, the aircraft may never fly beyond the bow.",
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"text": "If planning on this type of operation, would look for a Vx (adjected for engine off or idle) relative wind to allow a reasonable climb (if you call the ascent that) to clear the structure.",
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"text": "Also, I would plan on factoring in the ground effect of working off the carrier deck, and then having that effect reduced as altitude was gained.",
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"text": "Finally, from practical experience, I would expect the aircraft to become airborne prior to the stall speed, due to ground effect, probably a lighter that gross weight loading, and lots of other factors.",
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"question": "Would it be possible to float a small plane (say a Cessna 150 ) off of the deck of an aircraft carrier without the Cessna achieving any forward motion with respect to the aircraft carrier? If not a Cessna 150, is there a standard GA aircraft that could do it? EDIT: Per a comment from ratchet freak: the takeoff would be done via lift from the wings, not via an engine duct (VTOL), like a Harrier .",
"title": "Can a small plane be floated off of an aircraft carrier?",
"forum": "aviation.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<takeoff><general-aviation><aircraft-carrier>",
"link": "aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/3888",
"author": "aviation.stackexchange.com/users/511/Jay Carr"
} | 20_13 | [
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"It is possible to float a small plane off an aircraft carrier. It has been done to land a plane on a smaller faster ship. Success depends on the minimum flight speed and the ship's maximum speed.",
"Not only is this action possible, it has already been used to land a plane on a ship that is much smaller and a little faster than an aircraft carrier. Whether or not it is possible in the individual circumstances depends on the minimum flight speed of the plane and the maximum speed of the ship. As a specific example, an unpowered gyrocopter was designed in 1941 in order to lift an observer into the air to increase the observation radius of submarines."
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"Not only is this action possible, it has already been used to land a plane on a ship that is much smaller and a little faster than an aircraft carrier.",
"Whether or not it is possible depends on the minimum flight speed of the plane and the maximum speed of the ship.",
"In 1941, an unpowered gyrocopter was designed in order to lift an observer into the air to increase the observation radius of submarines."
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"text": "I've talked to a couple of aerodynamicists, and for small aircraft when you run the numbers the improvement offered by winglets is often less than the drag penalty caused by their weight (which also reduces allowable payload).",
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"text": "For larger aircraft that fly long distances, the proportion of the aircraft's weight that is due to the winglets is much smaller than it is for small aircraft, so they don't have this problem and that makes winglets a viable strategy.",
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"text": "As others have pointed out winglets don't make much aerodynamic sense for small aircraft.",
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"text": "The point of a winglet is basically to deflect the wingtip vortex away from the lift-producing part of the wing, granting an increase in effective wing span without the added form drag of actually making the wing longer.",
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"text": "The winglet itself creates some form drag though, and it adds weight.",
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"text": "On most small aircraft the potential improvement in wing efficiency doesn't exceed the weight and form drag that result from adding the winglet.",
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"text": "What you will find on many small aircraft are Hoerner-style wingtips (either installed at the factory or added later through an STC modification).",
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"text": "At lower speeds these have aerodynamic benefits similar to winglets, but without the additional form drag, and usually little or no added weight.",
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"text": "First, winglets look fancy but will not help that much in drag reduction.",
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"text": "They were pushed less by engineers than by marketing , Boeing's in particular.",
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"text": "They help a litte in ideal conditions, but in sideslip or at high speed they can quickly increase drag.",
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"text": "Then, most small aircraft are designs from a pre-winglet era.",
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"text": "Adding them means to invalidate the type certificate, unless someone takes the initiative to re-certify the aircraft with winglets.",
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"text": "I guess nobody has seen this as a profitable endeavor so far.",
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"text": "Gliders benefit from winglets because in competitions they are grouped in classes.",
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"text": "Membership of some classes is defined by wingspan.",
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"text": "Gliders get better with increasing wingspan, so if regulations limit the lateral extension, the way out is to extend the wings upwards.",
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"text": "If there is no such artificial limit, it will in most cases be better to expand the wing in spanwise direction .",
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"text": "Many small aircraft designs are rather old and winglets were not common on airliners either when they were certified.",
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"text": "For airliners that fly 8 or more hours a day saving a few percent on fuel quickly pays off the additional development and certification, so winglets were adopted quickly there.",
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"text": "But typical general aviation aircraft does not fly anywhere close to that and the few that fly more and would be worth upgrading (and their owners have money for upgrade) are not enough to make the design and manufacture profitable.",
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"text": "Note, that winglets did find their way to gliders, especially competition ones, as the little benefit is more noticeable there.",
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"text": "They also do appear on some newer designs, most notably the Diamond ones ( DA20 , DA40 , DA42 ).",
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"text": "The situation is very similar to why we don't see more aircraft diesel engines.",
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"text": "They are more efficient, use cheaper fuel and are somewhat cheaper to maintain, but the certification is so complicated that there are only few modifications available.",
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"text": "Also most GA aircraft are not really very efficient to begin with.",
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"text": "The DA20-A1 claims glide ratio 14:1",
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"text": "and that is way better than most competitors.",
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"text": "Compare with airliners where 18:1 is nothing special (was claimed by A320 some 30 years ago).",
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"text": "So winglets are not going to help as much.",
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"text": "One possible explanation is that large amounts of sweep and higher indicated airspeed are less common in \"smaller\" GA aircraft.",
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"text": "Larger and faster aircraft with large amounts of sweep literally plow the air aside, resulting in a significant spanwise airflow at the wingtips.",
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"text": "Winglets are touted for reducing the strength of wing tip vortices, and are said to generate some forward force from the wingtip vortex, but they also may improve efficiency simply by bouncing the span wise flow aft, which would generate a small amount of thrust.",
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"text": "The winglet \"fence\" may also allow a slightly lower AOA for the same amount of lift by helping maintain pressure differential all the way to the wingtip.",
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"text": "Lower AOA means less drag.",
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"text": "An earlier form of winglets, wing tip fuel tanks, also served as a wing tip fence in addition to acting as a wingtip weight roll damper and spanwise weight distributor.",
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"text": "Many smaller, slower planes do not benefit enough from winglets to justify the additional cost and weight.",
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"text": "However, they may be seen on STOL aircraft to help trap a bit more air under the wings for high AOA slow flight, along with slats and flaps; and more competitive gliders, where a slight advantage is meaningful.",
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"text": "My general understanding is that winglets are most beneficial for aircraft that spend a lot of time in a rather narrow window of possible angles-of-attack-- e.g. an airliner in long-range cruising flight.",
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"text": "Small aircraft tend not to fit this profile, unless they are flown by really boring pilots.",
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"question": "I've noticed that winglets are very rare on small aircraft. I wonder why this is the case. Wouldn't they have the same advantages, especially because they travel at low speed? Or is it just a wrong impression I got and they aren't that rare?",
"title": "Why is it rare for small aircraft to have winglets?",
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"question_tags": "<aerodynamics><wing><winglets>",
"link": "aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/4980",
"author": "aviation.stackexchange.com/users/744/André Stannek"
} | 20_14 | [
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"Winglets do not make much sense on small aircraft and the small benefit does not justify the extra cost. Moreover, most small aircraft design dates from the pre-winglet era. Gliders do benefit from winglets. Winglets do look fancy but will not help much with drag reduction.",
"Most small aircraft do not get enough benefit from winglets to justify their use, given the additional cost and weight. They do not make much aerodynamic sense for small aircraft, as the improvement they offer is often less than the drag penalty that their weight causes. In addition, most small aircraft were designed before winglets were commonly used. Many smaller aircraft have Hoerner-style wingtips instead. Winglets could also be rare on small aircraft because large amounts of sweep and a higher indicated airspeed are not as common in small aircraft. By contrast, winglets are much more cost-effective for larger aircraft. Winglets were incorporated rapidly on aircraft that fly for eight or more hours a day, as the fuel saving more than offsets the additional development and certification costs."
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"Most small aircraft do not get enough benefit from winglets to justify their use, given the additional cost and weight. They do not make much aerodynamic sense for small aircraft, as the improvement they offer is often less than the drag penalty that their weight causes. Winglets are much more cost-effective for larger aircraft. ",
"Many smaller aircraft have Hoerner-style wingtips instead.",
"Although winglets may look good, they do not offer a significant improvement in drag reduction.",
"Most small aircraft were designed before winglets were commonly used. ",
"Gliders do tend to have winglets because they are grouped in classes for competitions and because the benefit of winglets is more noticeable in gliders.",
"Winglets could be rare on small aircraft because large amounts of sweep and a higher indicated airspeed are not as common in small aircraft. "
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"text": "Radio was not widely used until the 1930s, before that, mostly light signals were used.",
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"text": "Early ground support aircraft in WW I could drop little notes which were pencilled by the observer, stuffed in a small capsule to which a streamer was fitted, and that was dropped as closely as possible to the troops which should get that message.",
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"text": "This method was still used in WW II, when most aircraft had radio, because only specially equipped ground troops had compatible receivers.",
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"text": "The first regular flights by night were 1921 for the air mail connection between Omaha and Chicago, and electric flood lights were positioned along the flight path.",
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"text": "When Lufthansa opened the first night connection between the Reich and East Prussia in 1926, they posted burning oil drums along the way to mark where the pilot had to fly.",
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"text": "Communication the other way (air to ground) was not possible on those flights.",
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"text": "The first air-to-ground radio communication used morse signals, and this is the origin for these strange three-letter names for things like local air pressure at the ground (QFE) or pressure corrected to sea level conditions (QNH).",
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"text": "There was a whole lot more of those, including some to order coffee before landing, but they are no longer necessary.",
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"text": "Read all about it here .",
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"text": "While radio was available (meaning it existed) it did not exist in a form usable by early aircraft.",
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"text": "Navigate to the destination, circle the (farmer's) field to check for livestock, then land.",
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"text": "Up until World War One, there was no radio communication between air and ground, or between planes.",
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"text": "* shades of digital transmissions today!",
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"text": "In World War 1 there were aircraft spark gap transmitters and the pilot could send messages in Morse code to receivers on the ground but he could not receive wireless (now called radio) signals.",
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"text": "They were laid out as patterns or letters with a letter for such messages as 'Your (wireless) signal is weak' or, 'Repeat last (wireless) message' or 'I am not receiving your signal'.",
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"text": "The operator aimed the light beam at the pilot when he thought it would be visible to him and send the message in Morse Code.",
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"text": "The Poppet Panel was a canvas shutter arrangement fixed to the ground and was worked by pulling a cord which made a white patch visible from the air.",
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"text": "By pulling and releasing the cord the operator could send Morse Code messages to the pilot who had to fly with one hand, look over the side and write down the letters with his other hand.",
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"question": "During the initial era of air travel how do the pilots/Navigation officers would communicate with ground stations? Do they use radio communication? Or Telegraph was used?",
"title": "How did aircraft communicate during early air travel?",
"forum": "aviation.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<radio-communications><aviation-history>",
"link": "aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/5213",
"author": "aviation.stackexchange.com/users/1337/Karthick"
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" Radio was not widely used in aircraft communication until the 1930s, before that, mostly light signals were used. Communication from ground to air was done by means of light signals. The first air-to-ground radio communication used morse signals, and this is the origin for these strange three-letter names for things like local air pressure at the ground (QFE) or pressure corrected to sea level conditions (QNH). When Lufthansa opened the first night connection between the Reich and East Prussia in 1926, they posted burning oil drums along the way to mark where the pilot had to fly.",
"Before radio was available, lights were often used to communicate. Electric flood lights were used on the flight path for the first regular night flights between Omaha and Chicago in 1921 and in 1926, Lufthansa positioned burning oil drums along the flight path for flights between the Reich and East Prussia. Other forms of communication included \"wing-waggling\" and notes stuffed into a capsule and dropped close to troops during World War I. As technology developed, morse code was increasingly used by military aircraft. This was primarily for air-to-ground communication but radio signals could not be received by the aircraft. Although radio did exist, it was not widely used until the 1930s when air-to-ground and air-to-air radio communication became common. "
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"Before radio was available, lights were often used to communicate. Electric flood lights were used on the flight path for the first regular night flights between Omaha and Chicago in 1921 and in 1926, Lufthansa positioned burning oil drums along the flight path for flights between the Reich and East Prussia.",
"Other forms of communication included \"wing-waggling\" and notes stuffed into a capsule and dropped close to troops during World War I. ",
"As technology developed, morse code was increasingly used by military aircraft. This was primarily for air-to-ground communication but radio signals could not be received by the aircraft. ",
"Although radio did exist, it was not widely used until the 1930s when air-to-ground and air-to-air radio communication became common. "
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"text": "Fighter jets escorting planes after various sorts of emergencies seems to be standard procedure in many countries, you hear about it quite frequently.",
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"text": "It's sometimes implied in the media that if the situation would turn into a 9/11-type hijacking it might be necessary to shoot the plane down but nobody seems willing to fully clarify who could take such a decision and under what conditions on the record.",
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"text": "and there are still two things fighters can do in other cases: Get a visual confirmation of the situation aboard the plane",
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"text": "Also, one factor is that being able to scramble jets is often seen as a basic requirement to assert sovereignty (witness the mini-controversy in Switzerland when it was revealed that the air force could not do it at certain times of the day)",
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"text": "so politically it seems difficult to entirely give up on it, even if it could be argued that it's a waste of money for smaller countries to maintain an air force that does very little beside this type of missions.",
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"text": "Especially post-911",
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"text": "it became paramount to ensure that such aircraft form no threat to cities and other places where crashing an aircraft into them would cause serious damage.",
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"text": "Blowing it out of the sky, however bad it would be for the passengers (not to mention the psychological impact on the fighter crews and their controllers) would be preferable to having thousands of victims on the ground (and a major PR coup for some terrorist group).",
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"text": "So jet fighters are scrambled to escort the aircraft until it's on the ground somewhere or the threat otherwise neutralised (say the attempted hijacking foiled by people on board).",
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"text": "This is little different from fighters being scrambled to escort intruders into a nation's airspace (and in extreme cases shoot them down) which has been done since the end of WW2 and maybe sporadically before (without radar to detect intruders and guide interceptors",
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"text": "it's a lot harder to do so obviously, and prior to WW2",
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"text": "In this specific case it may have been overreaction to a madman with a fake bomb, but not knowing whether the threat was real or not it's easier to send up the fighters and later recall them than to have to explain to congress and even worse the press why you didn't act after the jetliner crashes into some city center during lunch hour...",
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"text": "Be happy that they have the option to send up fighters and don't have to rely on guided missiles alone, as there's no recalling those once launched...",
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"text": "In addition to @Relaxed's answer, one additional reason would be if the hijacker gets control of the cockpit and turns off the transponder.",
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"text": "ATC works on secondary radar with a signal bounced back from the plane in order for ATC to track the aircraft.",
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"text": "If the transponder is turned off, it would be very difficult for ATC to track the exact whereabouts of the plane.",
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"text": "By having escort planes, they could maintain positioning of the endangered aircraft.",
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"text": "If absolutely necessary the plane can be prevented from making a mess of a major city, but it is basically a rather obvious visible sign to anyone misbehaving in the plane that they are in very, very deep trouble.",
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"text": "Given the threat of \"I have a bomb and I will blow up Canada\" the cabin crew are clearly overreacting.",
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"text": "Highly unlikely a bomb big enough to take out Canada would go unnoticed, esp.",
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"text": "as the plane would be grossly overweight with it.",
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"text": "The utility of sending fighter jets is to destroy the plane before an hypothetical attempt.",
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"text": "It's unfortunate, but the point is to kill a few people to save many.",
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"text": "This can also possibly have the impact of scaring the hijacker/terrorist.",
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"text": "In the mean time, someone in the ATC can attempt to negotiate with the terrorist before any shoot-downs are needed.",
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"text": "In France, we send two fighter jets, because one jet is there to make contact with the pilot (seated on the left of the cockpit) while the other fighter stays behind the aircraft ready fire if needed.",
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"text": "The only person allowed to make the decision to fire, is the Prime Minister.",
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"text": "In fact, fighter jets take off on these missions quite often, but it's usually only for providing assistance (e.g. providing landing clearance to an aircraft with dead radio).",
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"text": "In addition to the reasons above (911-ish & transponder out), it is also an indication that somebody on the ground is aware and cares if communications are cut off and passengers do not know what is going on.",
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"text": "They may not be able to do anything and passengers may realize that, but at least you know the ground is aware and you aren't alone.",
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"text": "As far as an on board nut-job being aware of any possible \"trouble\" he/",
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"text": "she may get into, I think they usually don't care if they are 911 fodder.",
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"text": "When I heard that a second plane hit on 911, on the way to work, I knew life (mostly @ airports) had changed right then.",
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"question": "Two days ago I read in the news : Two U.S. fighter jets escorted a Canada-to-Panama flight back to Toronto after a passenger allegedly threatened the plane Friday morning. The nature of the threat or why the passenger was agitated were not specified. CBS News reported that the passenger told a flight attendant, \"I have a bomb and I will blow up Canada.\" What's the point of escorting the flight while it has been threatened by a passenger? How do they help to eliminate the threat?",
"title": "What's the point in escorting a threatened flight with two fighter jets?",
"forum": "aviation.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<airliner><military>",
"link": "aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/7922",
"author": "aviation.stackexchange.com/users/1997/B Faley"
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"Two fighter jets escorting a plane with a situation is standard procedure in many countries. It's sometimes implied in the media that if the situation would turn into a 9/11-type hijacking it might be necessary to shoot the plane down but nobody seems willing to fully clarify who could take such a decision and under what conditions on the record. If absolutely necessary the plane can be prevented from making a mess of a major city, but it is basically a rather obvious visible sign to anyone misbehaving in the plane that they are in very, very deep trouble. ",
"You often hear about fighter jets being scrambled after an emergency. It seems to be standard procedure in many countries. Hypothetically, the fighter jets could be used to prevent a major catastrophe by destroying the plane. However, it is not clear who would take this decision. It is better to send the jets and then have to recall them rather than having to explain why action was not taken if a catastrophe does occur. The fighter jets may also be sent as a signal to the hijacker/terrorist that the situation is very serious. While fighter jets often complete these kinds of missions, it is usually for the purpose of providing assistance, e.g. for landing clearance for planes with dead radio."
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"You often hear about fighter jets being scrambled after an emergency. It seems to be standard procedure in many countries.",
"Hypothetically, the fighter jets could be used to prevent a major catastrophe by destroying the plane. However, it is not clear who would take this decision. It is better to send the jets and then have to recall them rather than having to explain why action was not taken if a catastrophe does occur. ",
"The fighter jets may also be sent as a signal to the hijacker/terrorist that the situation is very serious.",
"Fighter jets often complete these kinds of missions but it is usually for the purpose of providing assistance, e.g. for landing clearance for planes with dead radio."
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"text": "Presumably, they use an off-line transaction.",
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"text": "The reason your credit card has raised numbers is that, in the old days, before ubiquitous data connections, a card transactions used a machine like this to transfer an imprint of your card details onto a form, using carbon paper.",
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"text": "You would then sign the form and the merchant would send it off to the bank to get paid.",
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"text": "It wasn't possible to verify in advance that you had enough money in your account but the deal was that the bank would honour the transaction and then come after you with a big stick.",
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"text": "The point of my mentioning this is that, although we're now very used to the idea that the merchant talks to your bank while you make a card transaction, this wasn't the case even 20 years ago.",
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"text": "Today, it's still possible to make a card transaction without verifying in advance that the card has sufficient funds, so that you can still buy stuff on your card even if the merchant's phone line or internet is broken.",
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"text": "In fact, the last-case fall-back is to go back to the swipe machines and carbon paper.",
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"text": "It will either go through the airline's existing air-to-ground system (like the seat-back phones you pay $5/min for) or they've got a store-and-process-later arrangement with the card companies.",
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"text": "(Just because you can't use a phone doesn't mean the airline can't, they just follow certain conditions better)",
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"text": "What is it called?",
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"text": "Buying stuff on an airplane during flight is know is in-flight commerce (IFC) .",
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"text": "How it works?",
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"text": "Credit cards are swiped via wireless handhelds on aircraft but the transactions are processed when the aircraft gets on the ground.",
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"text": "Limitations",
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"text": "Because of this billing mechanism – which sometimes results in fraudulent transactions – there is a ceiling of the value of items that can be comfortably sold today.",
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"text": "Read more here and here .",
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"text": "I worked with the credit card processing at one of the bigger airlines a few years ago.",
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"text": "We used handhelds that stored the info from the magnetic strip of the card.",
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"text": "The transactions were uploaded to our back office system and then to the payment service provider after the flight landed.",
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"text": "The only \"hard\" protection is the modulo 10 checksum of the credit card number ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luhn_algorithm ).",
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"text": "The fact that the airline knows exactly who is on a flight also makes it much harder to get away with this type of fraud.",
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"text": "During my time at the company I don't think I heard of a single case of attempted credit card fraud",
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"text": "(that doesn't mean there weren't any).",
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"text": "I think theft is a much larger problem in on-board retail.",
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"text": "Transactions are offline.",
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"text": "The data is sent to the payment gateway on connection between the POS and wifi/GSM network on the ground.",
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"text": "Fraud happens, a lot.",
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"text": "Airlines have dedicated departments to chase these failed payments with varied success.",
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"text": "One Dutch airline, once the card ceiling was crossed (e.g. upgrades for a family might cost over €1000 which might be the ceiling limit set) would have the captain make a call to have the card payment cleared.",
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"text": "You're welcome,Mr J.",
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] | {
"question": "If telephones/smartphones/tablets are not allowed on planes, how comes when you buy duty free items from the cabin crew and pay by cc they will use the card reader? I suppose that in order to remove credit there must be some sort of connection to the various credit cards circuits in real time in order to achieve this?",
"title": "How are credit cards processed during flight?",
"forum": "aviation.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<security><cell-phone>",
"link": "aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/8322",
"author": "aviation.stackexchange.com/users/770/Fabrizio Mazzoni"
} | 20_17 | [
[
"Credit card transactions on airlines are done offline and then processed on landing. Alternatively, they may go through the airline's air-to-ground system. ",
"The transaction either takes place via the airline's air-to-ground system or transactions take place offline and are processed once the aircraft is back on the ground."
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"Offline transactions are used.",
"The transaction either takes place via the airline's air-to-ground system or transactions are processed once the aircraft is back on the ground."
]
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"sents": [
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"text": "They have the usual transport options: shove into cargo area, on a flatbed truck, shipping container,...",
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"text": "They can also be attached below the wing of a large aircraft and flown with if there is no room in the cargo area.",
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"text": "(stolen from this question ) Notice the extra engine on the near wing.",
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"text": "The Conroy CL-44 \"Skymonster\" was built for the purpose of transporting three Rolls-Royce RB-211 engines.",
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"text": "It was a derivative of the Canadair CL-44 and was meant to transport the engines for the Lockheed Tristar .",
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"text": "Jack Conroy had before modified old C-97s to Super Guppy transporters, and those initially transported Saturn rocket stages for NASA.",
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"text": "The picture below was shamelessly copied from the Wikipedia article.",
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"text": "Note the bulges near the tail: They cover the hinges for the sideways opening fuselage.",
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"text": "Today, Boeing 747 freighters can swallow most engines, so in the age of widebody transporters there is no more need for special aircraft for engine transport.",
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"author": "aviation.stackexchange.com/users/1961/Peter Kämpf",
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"text": "Having lived for nearly 15 years around the Boeing factories in Seattle, it was a common sight to see a flat-bed truck with a tarp-covered engine driving up and down the freeway.",
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"text": "Just like other big industrial machinery, they build a mounting for it, put it on a truck, and drive it down I-5.",
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"text": "It's apparently pretty hard to get outer engine dimensions, but based on fan size and adding a bit, all but the largest engines will go on a standard truck.",
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"text": "Oversize permits are readily available.",
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"text": "Rolls-Royce makes engines in Derby (amongst other places) but not at the airport.",
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"text": "( East Midlands airport has one runway, 8200 feet, which is a bit tight for a 747.)",
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"text": "Therefore, engines must leave the factory by truck at least once.",
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"text": "I expect that the decision to send the dud engine for service by truck, boat, on the wing or in the hold will be purely economics.",
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"text": "Jet engine transportation is a highly specialized task, the primary method is ground transportation via truck and trailer.",
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"text": "It is important that the transport company uses fully air-ride trailers and advanced load securement techniques to ensure zero stress on sensitive engine components.",
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"text": "Peter Kämpf - While you are correct that some engines can fit inside of an aircraft for transport, the cost for this service is enormous when you compare it to a truck and trailer.",
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"text": "Also larger engines such as the Trent 1000",
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"text": "(Fits on a 787 Dreamliner) will not fit inside of an air cargo carrier.",
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"question": "One of the optional services in Rolls-Royce TotalCare is \"Engine Transportation\" This service includes routine transportation of engines between the customer’s main base (or designated station) and the engine shop, and/or remote site transportation. Jet engines can be very large heavy and expensive items. How are they transported? Are they flown or do they use road transport? Are there dedicated vehicles?",
"title": "How are off-wing jet engines transported?",
"forum": "aviation.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<jet-engine><aircraft-maintenance>",
"link": "aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/8339",
"author": "aviation.stackexchange.com/users/1289/RedGrittyBrick"
} | 20_18 | [
[
"Jet engines are usually transported by truck and trailer. Most will fit inside a wide-body plane or they can be shipped by container. In the past special planes were built to provide this service.",
"Flat-bed trucks can be used to transport the vast majority of jet engines. However, engines can also be transported on aircraft - either in the cargo area or below the wing of a large aircraft. Specific examples of aircraft that can transport engines include the Conroy CL-44 \"Skymonster\" and Boeing 747 freighters."
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"Flat-bed trucks can be used to transport the vast majority of jet engines. ",
"Jet engines can be transported on aircraft - in the cargo area or below the wing of a large aircraft. Specific examples of aircraft that can transport engines include the Conroy CL-44 \"Skymonster\" and Boeing 747 freighters."
]
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{
"sents": [
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"text": "A single engine plane can suffer from control problems due to torque.",
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"text": "An early famous example was the Sopwith Camel",
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"text": "As others have pointed out, torque effects have to be countered using the normal aerodynamic controls available to the pilot.",
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"text": "Some aircraft had extra-large ailerons because of this issue.",
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"text": "In contrast to what happens in helicopters, the static and dynamic stability will prevent big movements of propeller aircraft due to engine and propeller torque.",
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"text": "The biggest consequence, the rolling moment, is taken care of by roll damping.",
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"text": "When the propeller torque rolls the aircraft, the downwards-moving wing will see a higher, and the upwards-moving wing a lower angle of attack.",
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"text": "Both wings will create a rolling moment which will quickly stop the rolling motion.",
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"text": "All the pilot has to do is to restore the correct roll attitude using the ailerons.",
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"text": "The lift difference of the rolling aircraft also creates different drag on the left and right wings, so a small yawing moment will turn the aircraft slightly sideways when the rolling starts.",
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"text": "This has to be corrected by rudder input.",
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"text": "If we look at other secondary effects, the yawing motion will cause a slight pitch change by way of engine and propeller precession.",
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"text": "This also will be stopped quickly by pitch damping (the pitch movement changes the angle of attack on the horizontal tail surfaces), and the pilot needs to correct the pitch attitude again.",
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"text": "In consequence, changing RPM will induce slight movements around all three axes in a single-engined propeller airplane.",
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"text": "It is countered by the natural stability and the roll control provided by the ailerons.",
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"text": "If you have insufficient airspeed for roll control then you will be on the ground and your gear will prevent excessive rolling.",
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"text": "There is a big difference between the amount of torque delivered to the main rotor of a helicopter and that delivered to the propeller of a comparably-sized fixed wing aircraft.",
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"text": "Also, without the tail rotor, a helicopter in a hover has nothing to \"push against\" in order to deliver the needed torque to the main rotor.",
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"text": "If not for the tail rotor, torque delivered to the main rotor would cause the rest of the vehicle to spin up in the opposite direction.",
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"text": "Hovering flight would be pretty much impossible without something to aerodynamically generate opposing torque (tail rotor, second counter-rotating rotor, etc.).",
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"text": "Torque delivered to the propeller of a fixed-wing aircraft is opposed either through the ground (when stationary, taxiing or on take-off roll), or by the wings (with minor roll trim or control input) when in flight.",
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"text": "As explained in the other answers, propeller torque does induce certain effects, but they are of much less significance than that of a helicopter main rotor, and are dealt with by trim and pilot awareness/handling.",
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"text": "Torque is more noticeable in aircraft with tail wheels (tail draggers) which also have large engines (e.g. world war 2 vintage) for two reasons: If the throttle is advanced too quickly, you might not have enough airflow over the rudder to be able to counteract it and a swing followed by a ground loop could result.",
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"text": "At the point when the tail is lifted off the ground during the take off run, gyroscopic effects occur that could cause a swing (try holding a spinning top and then move it around -",
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"text": "it exerts forces in unexpected directions).",
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"text": "Also on aircraft with the largest engines, the torque could make one wing lower than the other during the take off run.",
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"text": "You also have the problem going around to be very careful with both throttle and rudder because these effects are more pronounced at lower airspeeds where airflow is less.",
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"text": "An aeroplane with a nosewheel is generally more stable on the ground (due to the CG being ahead of the main wheels rather than behind), so these effects are less noticeable.",
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"question": "Helicopters need a tail rotor to balance the torque reaction that tends to rotate the main body sideways. Doesnt a single-engine plane suffer the same problem? I would imagine that (for example) the left wing would dip lower than the right due to the torque. How is it countered?",
"title": "Do aeroplanes have to balance torque like helicopters?",
"forum": "aviation.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<helicopter>",
"link": "aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/8560",
"author": "aviation.stackexchange.com/users/3136/Jesvin Jose"
} | 20_19 | [
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" In airplanes torque is countered by the natural stability and the roll control provided by the ailerons. Torque delivered to the propeller of a fixed-wing aircraft is opposed either through the ground (when stationary, taxiing or on take-off roll), or by the wings (with minor roll trim or control input) when in flight. However, a single engine plane can suffer from control problems due to torque. ",
"Torque can cause control problems in single engine planes. However, the natural stability and roll control provided by the ailerons counter torque. Torque delivered to the propeller of a fixed-wing aircraft is countered by the ground or by the wings."
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"Torque can cause control problems in single engine planes.",
"The natural stability and roll control provided by the ailerons counter torque. Torque delivered to the propeller of a fixed-wing aircraft is countered by the ground or by the wings."
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"text": "In practical terms, no.",
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"text": "If you wanted to save/recover the dumped fuel",
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"text": "then you would have only two basic options: dump the fuel as usual and then recover it somehow from the air; or, pump the fuel in a controlled way into a container outside the aircraft.",
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"text": "The first option is probably impossible: how could you capture a huge cloud of fuel and fuel vapor mixed with the air?",
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"text": "The second is theoretically possible, but for civil aviation at least it probably requires too much equipment and risk.",
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"text": "You could pump the fuel into a drop tank then jettison it with a parachute for a soft landing.",
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"text": "Or you could pump the fuel into another aircraft via a tube, in a kind of reverse air-to-air refuelling.",
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"text": "Or if you're dumping fuel from a helicopter (does that ever happen?)",
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"text": "it could hover over a tank on the ground, pump out the fuel and then land.",
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"text": "But all of those suggestions are totally impractical (again, at least for civil aviation).",
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"text": "Adding drop tanks or air-to-air hoses would add huge cost in materials and training and reduce the useful load of the aircraft significantly, all for a situation that rarely occurs.",
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"text": "And for air-to-air pumping you would need an empty tanker aircraft to be available immediately, which is highly unlikely, plus there is the inherent danger of operating two aircraft very close together.",
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"text": "Since fuel dumping is an exceptional situation and many aircraft can't dump fuel anyway , it seems unlikely that investing in a recovery solution would be worthwhile.",
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"text": "In theory it could be done, you could rapidly dump fuel into empty tanks below the wings and drop them.",
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"text": "At a certain height they deploy Parachutes and land.",
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"text": "Just like the Space Shuttle ejects the side tanks.",
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"text": "But where?",
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"text": "Some fuel dumps are only authorized over water and it would cost more to rescue the tanks and bring them back to the airline.",
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"text": "Over land they'd probably smash into populated areas.",
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"text": "The cost for saving some thousands of $ of fuel is not fesable for the rescue.",
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"text": "Short answer",
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"text": "yeah",
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"text": "it could be possible, but dangerous and costly.",
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"text": "By conserve you mean collect for later use I am assuming.",
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"text": "While it is technically feasible to do that it is extremely impractical.",
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"text": "You'd have to either have another aircraft fly in formation in some sort of reverse in-air refueling system, or the pilots would need to fly over a system on the ground which would collect the fuel.",
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"text": "Any system to do this would require precision on the part of the aircraft needing to dump fuel, and in the kind of emergency where dumping fuel is required precision is one thing you aren't likely to get.",
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"text": "Also, the cost of implementing a collection system far outweighs the cost of the fuel you'd save.",
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"text": "I suppose the least expensive way to do it would be to reinforce the airplane structure so that it coud land at maximum takeoff weight.",
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"text": "Then no dumping would ever need to occur.",
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"text": "Still not cheap enough to be practical, though.",
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"text": "The weight of that extra structure would take fuel to carry around at all times, to save fuel only on the rare emergency.",
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"text": "The pilot can either keep circling around to burn it off (doesn't conserve it) or just land overweight without jettisoning.",
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"text": "Burning it off is not an option if you want to get on the ground now to deal with the emergency.",
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"text": "And landing overweight can create a new emergency if the gear collapses/too many tires blow.",
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"question": "During emergencies pilots are authorised to dump fuel, but is there any way or method to recover the fuel that has been jettisoned?",
"title": "Is it possible to recover dumped fuel?",
"forum": "aviation.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<fuel-dumping>",
"link": "aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/8852",
"author": "aviation.stackexchange.com/users/3710/prakash"
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"It is not practically possible to recover dumped fuel. Theoretically, a plane flying alongside or tanks below the wings could be used, or even a system on the ground to collect the fuel. However, fuel is usually dumped in exceptional situations so investing in recovery is not likely to be worthwhile.",
"There is disagreement on whether or not fuel could be recovered. Theoretically, fuel could be dumped into empty tanks beneath the wings and then dropped or some kind of reverse in-air fueling system could be used or the aircraft could fly over a collection system on the ground. However, as fuel dumping is not something that is commonly required and not all aircraft are able to dump fuel, investing in a recovery system would not be worthwhile and would far outweigh any fuel savings."
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"There is disagreement on whether or not fuel could be recovered. Theoretically, fuel could be dumped into empty tanks beneath the wings and then dropped or some kind of reverse in-air fueling system could be used or the aircraft could fly over a collection system on the ground.",
"As fuel dumping is not something that is commonly required and not all aircraft are able to dump fuel, investing in a recovery system would not be worthwhile and would far outweigh any fuel savings."
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{
"sents": [
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"text": "Qualification:",
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"text": "I worked at a busy drop zone for 10 years.",
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"text": "Just announce yourself on the airfield frequency about 5-10 minutes out",
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"text": "and they'll tell you what's going on, including which runway is active and how high they are jumping from - standard altitudes are 3000ft and 12,000ft AGL.",
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"text": "At our place it was really simple: left-hand for 34, right-hand for 16.",
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"text": "We landed everyone on the east side, and if we are dropping at 3000 all day you can just pop up to 4000 and be completely out of the way.",
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"text": "Under no circumstances make a cross-field pass as that's usually right in the middle of everyone else's landing pattern, and we don't carry radios.",
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"text": "If you are just passing by a 2km buffer is lots - no one is likely to be in the air that far away.",
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"text": "No reply usually means nothing in the air.",
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"sents": [
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"text": "First of all, recurring DZ's have parachute symbols on sectional charts, so look for them!",
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"text": "The FAA regulations have this to say: Federal Aviation Regulation Part 105.25 requires that ATC be notified no earlier than 24hours before or no later than one hour before the parachute operation begins in Class E and G airspace.",
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"text": "Jumps in Class A, B, C and D airspace require an authorization from ATC.",
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"text": "This means that if you expect chute activity in the area, ask ATC!",
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"text": "Controllers are required to give traffic advisories to jump aircraft before the jump,and to issue advisories to all known aircraft that will transit the Class E airspace within which the jump operations will occur.",
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"text": "When time or the number of aircraft make individual transmissions impractical, advisories to nonparticipating aircraft may be broadcast on appropriate frequencies.",
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"text": "And as always, check the NOTAMS!",
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"text": "Are there any particular frequencies to monitor besides the airfield frequency?",
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"text": "How would I know parachuting is happening besides any NOTAMs?",
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"text": "Here in Seattle, jump aircraft are usually talking with ATC (Seattle Approach).",
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"text": "The jump airplane will announce 5 minutes out and the when the jump occurs.",
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"text": "In Europe, it's generally a good idea to be on the Flight Information Service (FIS) frequency, where you can receive information about active drop zones and/traffic information to the airplane performing the drop, as they need to call in on the FIS frequency and announce when they start the drop.",
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"text": "I'm not a pilot.",
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"text": "I did attempt to get a parachute license, but stopped after a couple of jumps.",
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"text": "I jumped at two different drop zones.",
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"text": "(And I'm from Sweden)",
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"text": "I just thought I'd offer a view from the other side.",
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"text": "At the DZs where I jumped, the pilot always talked to ATC before takeoff, so I would assume that ATC will know of any parachute activity.",
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"text": "The parachutists will fall, so if you can stay above the plane that will drop them, you'll be fine.",
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"text": "Where I jumped, 4000 m was highest allowed altitude without oxygen, so no one jumped from higher than that.",
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"text": "The parachutists will want to land at or very close to their field.",
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"text": "During the freefall part, they don't really drift with the wind.",
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"text": "Chutes will typically be opened at about 1000 m, and from that altitude, they will drift significantly with the wind.",
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"text": "Thus, they will be dropped upwind, and will typically not move very far downwind of the field, especially not at high altitudes.",
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"text": "So, in order of simplest/safest: Fly above them Fly downwind of their landing spot",
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"text": "If you need to fly close to their field, the higher up you can be, the better.",
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"text": "This should perhaps be taken with a few grains of salt, but hopefully others can chime in if I've said something incredibly stupid. :)",
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"question": "There are several airfields nearby where parachuting activities routinely take place. How far away is considered to be a safe distance from the airfield when flying past it en-route to another destination? Are there any particular frequencies to monitor besides the airfield frequency? How would I know parachuting is happening besides any NOTAMs?",
"title": "What should a pilot do when flying in the vicinity of parachute jumpers?",
"forum": "aviation.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<safety><general-aviation><parachute>",
"link": "aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/9056",
"author": "aviation.stackexchange.com/users/3670/Eric"
} | 20_21 | [
[
"Controllers are required to give traffic advisories to jump aircraft before the jump,and to issue advisories to all known aircraft that will transit the Class E airspace within which the jump operations will occur. In Europe, it's generally a good idea to be on the Flight Information Service (FIS) frequency, where you can receive information about active drop zones and/traffic information to the airplane performing the drop, as they need to call in on the FIS frequency and announce when they start the drop. If you are just passing by a 2km buffer is lots - no one is likely to be in the air that far away. The parachutists will fall, so if you can stay above the plane that will drop them, you'll be fine.",
"In terms of location, a 2-km buffer should be sufficient if you are just passing by. Never make a cross-field pass. Stay above the plane dropping the parachutists. In terms of information sources, controllers will issue advisories to aircraft due to pass through the airspace where the jump operations are taking place. Pilots should also check the NOTAMS. In Europe, you should be on the Flight Information Service frequency to receive information about drop zones and timing of drops. You should also look for parachute symbols on sectional charts to identify recurring DZs."
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"In terms of location, a 2-km buffer should be sufficient if you are just passing by. Never make a cross-field pass. Stay above the plane dropping the parachutists.",
"In terms of information sources, controllers will issue advisories to aircraft due to pass through the airspace where the jump operations are taking place. Pilots should also check the NOTAMS. In Europe, you should be on the Flight Information Service frequency to receive information about drop zones and timing of drops. You should also look for parachute symbols on sectional charts to identify recurring DZs."
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"text": "Was [towing unit or motors in landing gear] ever tested or assessed?",
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"text": "2014 Main Gear Using the Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) generator to power motors on the main wheels, the EGTS taxiing system allows aircraft to push back without a tug and then taxi without requiring the use of the main aircraft engines.",
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"text": "One wheel on each main gear is equipped with an electric motor to drive the aircraft From EGTS Airbus signs MoU with Honeywell and Safran to develop electric taxiing solution for the A320 Family From Airbus press release Lufthansa Technik has proven with a technology demonstrator that aircraft can be driven on ground by electric motors.",
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"text": "From Lufthansa Technik (with video) 2015",
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"text": "As of 2015 Taxibot, a semi-robotic towbarless tractor which meets and connects to aircraft, is the only alternative taxiing system certified and currently in use by airlines in the market.",
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"text": "From Wikipedia 2016",
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"text": "Nose Gear Honeywell and Safran have pulled the plug on their jointly conceived electric taxiing system, while rival developer WheelTug aims to enter service with its system in 2018.",
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"text": "After thorough market analysis\", the US supplier says, the two partners \"agreed to stop work on the Electric Green Taxiing System due to dramatically lower oil prices and the current aviation industry's economic environment\".",
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"text": "EGTS had been scheduled to enter service this year, with Honeywell and Safran having planned to produce a system for line- and retrofit on A320-family and Boeing 737 jets.",
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"text": "Meanwhile, Gibraltar-headquartered WheelTug plans to enter service with its nose gear-mounted electric drive system in 2018....",
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"text": "initially on 737s and, at a later stage, on A320-family ...",
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"text": "Neither Airbus nor Boeing are supporting the programme From FlightGlobal",
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"text": "Variations on this kind of scheme and designs are currently being worked on.",
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"text": "From what I remember, using electric motors are still pretty expensive, and also you're using them for a very short time frame, such that you're lugging around extra weight that is useful for a tiny portion of time(aka more fuel burn).",
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"text": "Tugs of various sorts have been used at various places as well.",
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"text": "Also consider that various engines need time to warm up before applying full throttle, sometimes just a few seconds, others a few minutes.",
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"text": "This is an older question, and I have no answer, just experience:",
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"text": "When I flew from Frankfurt (FRA) to Geneve (GVA) in January 2015, we were towed by a tug nearly all the taxiway to the runway.",
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"text": "We turned to the parallel taxiway \"N north\" to get rid of the tug, then went back on taxiway \"N\" to the runway.",
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"text": "Here is our way as tracked by my mobile GPS: The pilot told us in advance that we will to this, and that it is some kind of experiment / project / study about if it works.",
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"text": "(I guess more from logistics / operation side) From my data, I also have some time information: 12:12:",
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"text": "End of push-back 12:15:",
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"text": "Leaving terminal 12:21: turn right on \"N North\" 12:22: get rid of tug, start engines12:27:",
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"text": "Start moving again, and back to \"N\" 12:29: arriving at runway 12:31:",
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"text": "accelerating If I remember correctly, the engines were started when we were on \"N north\", so 5-6 minutes before takeoff.",
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"text": "However, we were taxiing to that place 20 without engines.",
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"text": "It would be interesting to know how much fuel could be saved by this procedure (It was a A320 or similar, I don't know), but at least, the aircraft didn't need any extra equipment.",
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"text": "(And yes, it was an ordinary tug, not this electrical stuff or similar.)",
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"text": "Along with fitting electric motors to allow push-back without a tug and more efficient taxiing, there is a plan to use tugs controlled by the aircraft for the taxi.",
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"text": "One simpler alternative for multi-engine aircraft is to taxi out with only some (or just one) of the engines running, starting the remainder within a few minutes of take-off.",
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"text": "It might not save as much fuel as, say, a tug, but it can be done with existing aircraft and without any extra equipment.",
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"text": "The major drawback of any of these approaches is that running time during taxi contributes to check-out of the fuel, fuel system and other engine systems which all have to perform properly for a safe take off.",
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"text": "Delaying engine startup reduces/limits the opportunity for such checks.",
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"text": "Nevertheless, I think this practice has been done/is being done in some situations.",
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"question": "Does it make sense towing airplanes to the head of airstrip by electric means, whether internal or external? Taxiing from the gate to the runway on jet power seems like a waste of fuel. Is it possible and it would make sense to tow the airplane to the start of take-off run by a motorized towing unit or perhaps with electric motors in the airplane's landing gear? Was this ever tested or assessed?",
"title": "Does it make sense towing airplanes to the head of airstrip by external (eg electric) means?",
"forum": "aviation.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<taxiing><electric-engine><towing>",
"link": "aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/9101",
"author": "aviation.stackexchange.com/users/3424/Urquiola"
} | 20_22 | [
[
"A number of ways are being investigated for bringing the plane to the take-off area without burning jet fuel. These include tugs and electric motors. There is also ataxxing system using an Auxiliary Power Unit. That allows the plane to push baxk and taxi without using the main aircraft engines.",
"Specific examples of equipment used for this purposes include the EGTS taxiing system and Taxibot, a semi-robotic tractor without a towbar. This is the only alternative taxiing system that is currently being used by airlines. Various kinds of tugs have also been used and there are plans for aircraft-controlled tugs to be used in the future. Work is currently underway on designs to allow aircraft to be towed electrically. These include aircraft-controlled tugs for taxiing and installation of electric motors. However, the use of electric motors is costly and not necessarily beneficial as extra weight is being carried for a very short time, resulting in increased fuel burn."
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"Specific examples of equipment used for this purposes include the EGTS taxiing system and Taxibot, a semi-robotic tractor without a towbar. This is the only alternative taxiing system that is currently being used by airlines. Various kinds of tugs have also been used and there are plans for aircraft-controlled tugs to be used in the future.",
"Work is currently underway on designs to allow aircraft to be towed electrically. These include aircraft-controlled tugs for taxiing and installation of electric motors.",
"The use of electric motors is costly and not necessarily beneficial as extra weight is being carried for a very short time, resulting in increased fuel burn."
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"sents": [
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"text": "In the same way than an aircraft will build static charge on the wings from friction with the air, the same thing can happen with helicopters from fast moving blades.",
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"text": "From a 1962 US Army document: Any aircraft flying in the atmosphere can be considered as a conductive body located in a highly electrically insulated environment.",
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"text": "In such a body, electrostatic charge is generated by three principal mechanisms: Charge transfer created by a triboelectric effect between the aircraft and the atmospheric particles, such as dust, water, water vapor, snow, etc.",
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"text": "Unbalance of the ionic content of the exhaust gases produced by the aircraft engine(s).",
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"text": "Induction charge due to high electrostaticfield gradients which are found occasionally in the aircraft flight path.",
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"text": "Source Here's a more detailed photo of the US army discharging a helicopter while wearing insulating gloves:",
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"text": "SGT Nathan Rodeheaven uses a static probe to discharge static electricity from a UH-60 Black Hawk before his teammate, PV2 Danny Browning, hooks up the cargo to the helicopter.",
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"text": "The safety measure prevents the hook-up man from being electrocuted in the event there is accumulated static electricity.",
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"text": "Photo: Kristin Molinaro",
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"text": "I am a Naval Aviator and as part of my water survival training, I was deposited by boat off the coast of Florida and picked up by helicopter.",
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"text": "It was a huge point of emphasis that we let the helicopter's rescue hook touch the water to discharge any built up static before we touched it.",
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"text": "No one in my class grabbed it before it hit the water, so I can't speak to how bad the shock would have been.",
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"text": "I work for a Christmas tree farm and we harvest our trees out of the field using a helicopter.",
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"text": "I am the hook man and attach the bundle of trees to the heli, then he takes them to another location.",
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"text": "In that breif trip during a rain storm, or even a foggy day static charge will build resulting in a very unpleasant shock.",
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"text": "Sometimes bad enough it will contract the muscles in my hand and arm.",
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"text": "I’ve been doing this for 3 years and finally invested in some 20,000Vac insulated gloves that are enough to keep this from happening.",
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"text": "Helicopters in normal weather will build up a static charge, just ask any ground crew for a logging helicopter.",
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"text": "Normally the hook will be grounded by dropping it on the ground before the hooker will touch it.",
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"text": "Or a grounding rod will be used to neutralize the static charge.",
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"text": "I was struck in the forehead in 1983 from the discharge off a CH-53.",
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"text": "I was wearing a kelvar helmet which was split down the middle from the strike, heart rate slowed down to 4 beats a minute thought I was a gone.",
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"text": "I was stationed at camp Pendleton USMC when it happened.",
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"text": "Yes they do.",
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"text": "I was involved in many HDSs (Helicopter Delivery Service) and would earth the Helo with a sheperds crook and trailing copper linkage - often getting a visible spark.",
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"text": "I also took part in the rescue of a few dozen (memory fades on how many) crew from a bombed ship with no hook and earthed the helo myself -",
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"text": "We didn’t have a static hook in my day.",
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"text": "I will tell you, sometimes the pilots would relieve the static charge by grounding the aircraft themselves.",
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"text": "Sometimes, they did not.",
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"text": "The static charge would vary From moderate to severe.",
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"text": "And, it could even be felt by your partner who was bracing you by the legs.",
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"text": "After the first couple of volunteer troopers started flinching from the shock and throwing the hook, me and my buddy got elected/volunteered to do it.",
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"text": "We airmobiled the entire battery-sized unit, alternating back-and-forth as hook up man.",
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"text": "By the time it was done, we were completely spent LOL.",
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"text": "82nd ABN 2/321 ,B /3",
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"text": "-319 1986-89.",
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"text": "See, CAA CAP 426, Helicopter External Load Operations, April 2006 6.25 Electrical Static Charges and 6.26 Dissipation of Static Electricity and Appendix B Static Electricity Charging Conditions",
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"author": "aviation.stackexchange.com/users/27263/user27263",
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}
}
] | {
"question": "So, I was re-watching The Hunt For Red October, (in light of current Russian shenanigans with Sweden), and there was a scene in which a crew-member on the ground was electrocuted by making contact (and presumably grounding) the helicopter, which had picked up a charge in the stormy weather. Can anyone explain more of what is going on here?",
"title": "Can rotorcraft pick up a dangerous electric charge?",
"forum": "aviation.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<safety><helicopter><electrical-system><static-electricity>",
"link": "aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/9357",
"author": "aviation.stackexchange.com/users/3048/Bassinator"
} | 20_23 | [
[
"Helicopters build up static charge in the same way as airplanes. There are reported incidents of shocks from helicopters. Sparks can often be seen when the helicopter is earthed. ",
"Helicopters can build up a static charge on their blades in the same way as aircraft do on their wings. There are personal recollections of seeing a spark or being electrocuted as a result of the discharge. One respondent was struck in the forehead by the discharge from a CH-53 and another often saw a visible spark when earthing the helicopter."
]
] | {
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[
"Helicopters can build up a static charge on their blades in the same way as aircraft do on their wings. There are personal recollections of seeing a spark or being electrocuted as a result of the discharge.",
"One respondent was struck in the forehead by the discharge from a CH-53 and another often saw a visible spark when earthing the helicopter."
]
] |
[
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "Nice question.",
"label": [
0
],
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0
],
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},
{
"text": "There are several ways how to get these information.",
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],
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],
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-1
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]
},
{
"text": "http://www.fallingrain.com/ : free to use, no registration needed.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "World database of the airports and waypoints.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
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]
},
{
"text": "From these information you could easily make DB for waypoints.",
"label": [
0
],
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],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
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]
},
{
"text": "EUROCONTROL",
"label": [
0
],
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0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
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]
},
{
"text": "EAD ( https://www.ead.eurocontrol.int/eadcms/eadsite/index.php.html ): free to use, registration needed.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
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},
{
"text": "Big advantage - real and up to date information for all ECTL countries.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
]
]
},
{
"text": "But a bit difficult navigation.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
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]
},
{
"text": "JeppView ( http://ww1.jeppesen.com/ ): very expensive SW, but the best in this time.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
-1
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]
},
{
"text": "You will find there all information which pilot needs.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
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},
{
"text": "But it is not real database.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
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},
{
"text": "Garmin for pilots ( http://www.garmin.com/en-US/explore/intheair/ ):",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
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]
]
},
{
"text": "another not free SW, very similair to JeppView but lightweighted. NAVIGRAPH ( http://www.navigraph.com ):",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
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]
]
},
{
"text": "Great DB of all things which you need in FMC.",
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0
],
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0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
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]
]
},
{
"text": "But I guess that they have it just for flight simulator.",
"label": [
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],
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],
"cluster_id": [
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{
"text": "OpenFlights ( http://openflights.org/data.html ): free DB of airports, airlines and routes.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
1
],
"cluster_id": [
[
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},
{
"text": "You could downlod all data in one file :-)",
"label": [
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],
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]
}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "aviation.stackexchange.com/users/4110/astrak",
"score": 12
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},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "I use the National Flight Data Center at http://nfdc.faa.gov",
"label": [
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],
"label_summ": [
1
],
"cluster_id": [
[
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]
]
},
{
"text": "I had to write them a letter explaining why I wanted the data ( http://fplan.sf.net ) and",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
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},
{
"text": "they provided me with a login.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
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],
"cluster_id": [
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},
{
"text": "Now, every 56 days, they send me an email telling me there's an update available.",
"label": [
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],
"label_summ": [
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],
"cluster_id": [
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]
},
{
"text": "Bad news: they recently switched from a flat file to some unbelievably convoluted xml format that I haven't yet written a parser for.",
"label": [
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],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
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},
{
"text": "Also, it comes with a disclaimer that the data is not approved for navigation.",
"label": [
0
],
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],
"cluster_id": [
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},
{
"text": "Given that I've already found two minor errors in it, just in the SF Bay area, that's understandable.",
"label": [
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{
"text": "Edit: I forgot to mention that I keep a subset of the data on-line at SourceForge.",
"label": [
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{
"text": "I try to keep it up to date.",
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},
{
"text": "It's at the Fplan project .",
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],
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},
{
"text": "These files are in the old \"nav\" format; documentation is included in the zip file.",
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],
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],
"cluster_id": [
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},
{
"text": "If someone needs these files, they're freely available and I'm happy to make small additions to the data if anybody wants, since I already have the tools to parse the FAA data files.",
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"label_summ": [
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},
{
"text": "I'm also happy to share the tools if anybody wants.",
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],
"answer_details": {
"author": "aviation.stackexchange.com/users/87/Edward Falk",
"score": 8
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},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "Another good one for airports and navaids: http://opennav.com/ - has VORs, waypoints, etc.",
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}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "aviation.stackexchange.com/users/20443/TheStoryCoder",
"score": 4
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "I have successfully used The GPX Aviation Waypoint Generator from the free Navaid database ( http://navaid.com/GPX/ ) that outputs a GPX (XML type) file with all the waypoints, airports and every other elements you choose to include.",
"label": [
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],
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},
{
"text": "To make a request on this API, make sure you specify the min and max GPS coordinates of the area you want to cover.",
"label": [
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],
"label_summ": [
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],
"cluster_id": [
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},
{
"text": "This is a world wide database, not only for the US.",
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}
],
"answer_details": {
"author": "aviation.stackexchange.com/users/22341/Anamaria Lupu",
"score": 3
}
},
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "This is my first post so bare with me.",
"label": [
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],
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],
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},
{
"text": "I don't know if you are trying to get one region only or a global data set.",
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},
{
"text": "The issue is that member states are responsible for their own airspace and thus airport/NAVAID/intersection/waypoint/so-on-and-so-forth location data.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
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]
},
{
"text": "You may want to see about getting a copy of ICAO document",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
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]
},
{
"text": "7910 \"Manual of ICAO identifiers\" This book cost money though.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
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]
},
{
"text": "If you are interested in the North American region (U.S./Mexico/Canada/Caribbean/and-so-on) then you can get for free the FAA Location Identifier book with FAA Order JO 7350.9x.",
"label": [
1
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
[
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},
{
"text": "The lat/long of every waypoint/NAVAID/Airport and the like is in it.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
0
],
"cluster_id": [
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},
{
"text": "Unlike a previous answer post you don't have to ask for access permission either.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
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],
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},
{
"text": "To keep things simple here is a link.",
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0
],
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],
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},
{
"text": "FAA Location Identifiers",
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],
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],
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},
{
"text": "That's what I got for you",
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"answer_details": {
"author": "aviation.stackexchange.com/users/29428/E. Jorgensen",
"score": 2
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{
"sents": [
{
"text": "Updating: The link is at https://www.faa.gov/air_traffic/flight_info/aeronav/aero_data/NASR_Subscription/",
"label": [
0
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},
{
"text": "This provide the text file along with layout data for all the fixes, etc.",
"label": [
0
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],
"cluster_id": [
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},
{
"text": "The CIFP can be downloaded as well, but the layout is commercialized (~$400).",
"label": [
0
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"label_summ": [
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],
"cluster_id": [
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},
{
"text": "I have not been able to programmatically download the zip file.",
"label": [
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],
"answer_details": {
"author": "aviation.stackexchange.com/users/42378/Chuck",
"score": 1
}
}
] | {
"question": "I wonder if it is possible to download a database with waypoints, navaids, airports and airways between them. I've been working with AIP documents but it's difficult to get raw information from them and they only have information about waypoints. I happened to find skyvector.com and I thought there would be an easier way to obtain that amount of information.",
"title": "Where to find a waypoints/fixed points, navaids and airports database?",
"forum": "aviation.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<icao><website><datasets><navaids><vor>",
"link": "aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/9681",
"author": "aviation.stackexchange.com/users/4250/Godraude"
} | 20_24 | [
[
"OpenFlight, National Flight Data Center, GPX Aviation Waypoint Generator are all waypoints/fixed points, navaids and airports databases",
"Suggested resources include OpenFlights, the National Flight Data Center, opennav.com, the GPX Aviation Waypoint and the FAA Location Identifier book."
]
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[
"Suggested resources include OpenFlights, the National Flight Data Center, opennav.com, the GPX Aviation Waypoint and the FAA Location Identifier book."
]
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[
{
"sents": [
{
"text": "Lots of people flew before the Wright Brothers.",
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"text": "Some of them even survived!",
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"text": "The Wright Brothers are credited as inventors of the airplane not because they flew, but because they were the first to take flight in a vehicle which: Lifted itself using its own power (which gliders and kites did not)",
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"text": "Was aerodynamically controllable by the pilot (which Ader's aircraft was not)",
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"text": "Remained in sustained flight, rather than taking momentary flight before returning to Earth",
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"answer_details": {
"author": "aviation.stackexchange.com/users/167/Steve V.",
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"sents": [
{
"text": "In a way, he did.",
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},
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"text": "But he had little control about all axes.",
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"text": "Derisory comments even suggested he only took to the air thanks to his bumpy runway.",
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"text": "But there were plenty more before him.",
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"text": "The first flying objects which anticipated the airplane were the models of Alphonse Pénaud .",
"label": [
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},
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"text": "He finished the Planophore in 1871 and influenced all who came after him.",
"label": [
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"cluster_id": [
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"text": "Unfortunately, at his time there was no energy source to power a man-carrying aircraft, and his models used rubber bands for storing energy.",
"label": [
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"text": "Please note that he did not forget to add a vertical tail",
"label": [
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"text": "; his design did not need it - the tail-mounted propeller stabilized it well enough.",
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"text": "The next big step was made by Otto Lilienthal , and again the lacking power source restricted him, in his case to man-carrying gliders.",
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"text": "He saw the airplane as a piece of sporting equipment, like a racing bicycle, and priced them accordingly.",
"label": [
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"cluster_id": [
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},
{
"text": "He sold over a dozen of them to people all over the world.",
"label": [
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},
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"text": "And he was the first to use systematic scientific research: He found out that a thick, blunt leading edge and wing camber help to improve L/D.",
"label": [
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"cluster_id": [
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},
{
"text": "The polar plot has its name from him.",
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"cluster_id": [
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},
{
"text": "He experimented with carbon acid engines, but never used a propeller, flapping the wing tips of one of his designs instead.",
"label": [
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"label_summ": [
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"cluster_id": [
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},
{
"text": "He also invented wing twisting long before the Wrights, and shared his results freely with the aviation pioneers of his time.",
"label": [
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"label_summ": [
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"cluster_id": [
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},
{
"text": "The Wright Brothers built their success on the basis of his work, and were much more secretive.",
"label": [
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"cluster_id": [
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},
{
"text": "If we mention Clement Ader, we also need to include Hiram Maxim and maybe even Samuel P. Langley .",
"label": [
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],
"label_summ": [
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],
"cluster_id": [
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},
{
"text": "They ( and a few more ) all tried to create powered aircraft, but did not get it all right.",
"label": [
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"cluster_id": [
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},
{
"text": "At least, Langley's assistant Manly and S. Balzer gave the world the radial engine.",
"label": [
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"cluster_id": [
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},
{
"text": "The next pioneer would be Gustav Weißkopf (or Gustave Whitehead ) who seemed to have flown a plane which took a lot of inspiration from Lilienthal's designs, but added a boat-like fuselage and wheels, so he had his hands free for steering the plane.",
"label": [
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],
"label_summ": [
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"cluster_id": [
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},
{
"text": "Lilienthal had put himself into a tight corner by foot-launching his gliders and needing his hands to hold them.",
"label": [
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"label_summ": [
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"cluster_id": [
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},
{
"text": "Whitehead flew in 1901, but discontinued his work to focus on his family.",
"label": [
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"cluster_id": [
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},
{
"text": "But he was the prime address of his time for airplane engines; many of the early pioneers bought his engines.",
"label": [
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"cluster_id": [
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},
{
"text": "Only now the Wrights contributed their part, and are known as the inventors of the airplane due to a contract Orville made with the Smithsonian: The Smithsonian got the 1903 Flyer, but needs to present the Wrights as the sole inventors of the aircraft.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
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"cluster_id": [
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},
{
"text": "Orville knew exactly how weak this claim was, so he insisted on this clause.",
"label": [
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],
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],
"cluster_id": [
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-1
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]
},
{
"text": "Meanwhile, in Europe, a number of pioneers achieved also powered , controlled flight without using the Wright's knowledge, because Orville and Wilbur kept their findings under tight wraps and started suing everyone who would also attempt to take to the air.",
"label": [
0
],
"label_summ": [
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},
{
"text": "But at the Le Mans flight meeting of 1908 the Wrights showed off their more maneuverable design, shaming all European designers.",
"label": [
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],
"label_summ": [
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],
"cluster_id": [
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},
{
"text": "How little lasting effect they had in the end becomes clear when you look at the airplanes that followed : The inspiration clearly came from others.",
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],
"answer_details": {
"author": "aviation.stackexchange.com/users/1961/Peter Kämpf",
"score": 11
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},
{
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"text": "The Langley machine was a disaster, despite its advanced Manly radial engine.",
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"text": "Langley had given almost no serious thought to the problems of stability and control.",
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"text": "But the Smithsonian shot itself in the foot when it hired Glenn Curtiss to \"make a few adjustments\" in order to make that machine fly.",
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"text": "And Curtiss was indeed sorta successful a decade later, giving rise to the Smithsonian's claim of priority (and a \"successful\" use of the $50K of taxpayer money Langley had spent!)",
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"text": "It was this skullduggery which enraged Orville Wright and led to his shipping his Flyer to London.",
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"text": "It was only after WWII that the Smithsonian mended its ways with Orville, documenting all the extensive modifications Curtiss had made to the Langley machine, that Orville consented to the return of the 1903 Flyer.",
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"text": "The 1897 plane of Clement Ader has never left the ground , see: General Mensier's Report Clement Ader did not fly.",
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"text": "The October 21, 1897 report made by general MENSIER and its annex from October 27, 1897 (see the link) are clear, Ader’s plane never left the ground with its front wheels in both the October 12 and 14, 1897 officially witnessed tests.",
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"text": "The October 14, 1897 alleged take off and short flight is a pure myth contradicted by historical documents.",
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"text": "Was Clement Ader an aviation pioneer?",
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"text": "Yes, because he built a plane in 1897.",
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"text": "Was he a flyer?",
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"text": "No.",
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"text": "Did he fly earlier in 1890?",
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"text": "No.",
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"text": "The 1897",
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"text": "(Avion III) plane was seen on the ground by General Mensier and his comision.",
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"text": "Other earlier planes (Avion I and II), Ader claimed he had built, has never been seen in the air or on the ground.",
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"text": "Montgolfier brothers were the first to invent a flying machine...",
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"text": "But if you are looking for piloted, controlled, heavier-than-air, sustained, flight the Wrights were the first one to do that",
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"text": "(their longest flight on December 17, 1903, was 852 feet).",
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"text": "Ader didn't really have control or sustained flight.",
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"text": "Objections that the Wrights tried to keep their invention under wraps are noted--and sustained.",
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"text": "Early on, Santos-Dumont did much more for the science and art of flying in the mind of the public, but he was not the first.",
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"text": "Whitehead spun some great yarns but never flew a powered airplane (as vociferous as Whitehead's boosters are, the proof for any powered flights is thin and poorly substantiated).",
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"question": "Clement Ader invented in the late 1890s, a plane that looked like a bat. It had a steam engine. Witnesses said it went airborne at least once and recorded a distance just over 50 meters. The Wright brothers made their first controlled flight in 1903.",
"title": "Did Clement Ader make the first flight even before the Wright brothers?",
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"link": "aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/9822",
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"Lots of people flew before the Wright brothers, however, Clement Ader was not one of them. Reports show that Ader's plane never left the ground.",
"Lots of people are known to have flown before the Wright brothers. According to a report by General Mensier, Clement Ader's 1897 plane did not take off. Historical documents indicate that the plane did not take off or fly. Other sources indicate that Ader did not achieve control or sustained flight."
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"Lots of people flew before the Wright brothers.",
"According to a report by General Mensier, Clement Ader's 1897 plane did not take off. Historical documents indicate that the plane did not take off or fly. Other sources indicate that Ader did not achieve control or sustained flight."
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"text": "Yes, commercial airplanes have landed or crash landed in water many times.",
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"text": "If I am not mistaken, you are asking about scenarios when the on-board life jackets and life raft are used.",
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"text": "Here is a list of water landings.",
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"text": "Examples when a life raft was used are (in addition to ratchet freak's mentions ): On 22 October 1962, a Northwest Airlines DC-7C with 7 crew and 95 passengers made a successful water landing in Sitka Sound. ...",
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"text": "The plane stayed afloat for 24 minutes after coming to rest in the water, giving the occupants ample time to evacuate into life-rafts.",
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"text": "In 1993, China Airlines Flight 605 , a Boeing 747–409, ended up in water after it overran runway 13 ...",
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"text": "All of the 396 occupants donned life-vests, boarded the eight slide/rafts and no fatalities resulted.",
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"text": "Yes - it happened in 2009 in the Hudson (well it's a river), and it happened in 1996 Ethiopian Airlines Flight 961 as far as I know.",
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"text": "Yes.",
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"text": "A Cathay Pacific DC-4 (technically a C-54) was shot down by Chinese fighters off the coast of Hainan island on 23 July 1954.",
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"text": "With his rudder and right aileron shot off, fuel tanks on fire, and the #4 engine down, the pilot ditched into the ocean.",
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"text": "Of the 19 people on board (including 3 flight crew and 3 cabin crew,) 9 died either from bullets or the ditching into the ocean.",
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"text": "The remaining 10 floated in the water for a while and then inflated and boarded one of the rafts.",
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"text": "The passengers remained on board the raft for several hours until a USAF SA-16 Albatross flying boat was finally able to find a spot were it could land on the rough seas, then taxied to the raft and pulled everyone on board before taking off and flying to Hong Kong.",
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"text": "A passenger who had been badly injured died en route to Hong Kong.",
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"text": "The remaining 9 people survived.",
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"text": "Yes there have been several such instances.",
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"text": "To name a few, some of which were captured on camera: Ethiopian Airlines Flight 961.",
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"text": "You can see the actual crash landing video here .",
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"text": "125 of the 175 passengers and crew on board died.",
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"text": "US Airways flight 1549.",
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"text": "The video was caught on a cctv video .",
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"text": "All passengers and crew were safe.",
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"text": "Tuninter Flight 1153.",
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"text": "23 out of 39 survived.",
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"text": "No film exists but it was dramatized in a Mayday episode here .",
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"text": "There have been many other evacuations, some successful and some not so successful.",
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"text": "You can get a detailed list here .",
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"text": "I'm not sure if this fits in with \"commercial airline\", but there was also a Cessna 208 \"Grand Caravan\" that crashed just off the coast of Kalaupapa, Molokai, Hawaii about a year ago on December 11, 2013.",
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"text": "It made an emergency landing into the Pacific Ocean after the engine failed just after take off.",
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"text": "The aircraft was chartered by Makani Kai Air to deliver passengers from Kalaupapa to Honolulu .",
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"text": "One person (a state health department director) was killed in the crash.",
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"text": "The crash was also captured on video with a GoPro camera by one of the passengers.",
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"text": "One more for you: an SAS DC-8 crash landed in Santa Monica bay in January of 1969.",
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"text": "Most of the crew and passengers survived, using the on-board life rafts.",
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"text": "There were some issues as two of the rafts were punctured by debris.",
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"text": "The survivors (30 out of 45 aboard) were rescued after about an hour.",
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"text": "The cause was controlled flight into terrain resulting from flight crew failures and a series of issues including an inoperative nose gear light which distracted the crew.",
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"text": "The tail struck first and broke off, sinking immediately.",
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"text": "My dad had been a purser for the airline in the late 1940s",
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"text": "and I remember him telling me that one of the victims sitting in the crew seats in the tail was an old friend with whom he had flown.",
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"text": "My dad was pretty upset to lose a friend this way.",
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"text": "ALM Antillean Airlines Flight 980 was a flight scheduled to fly from John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York City to Princess Juliana International Airport in St. Maarten, Netherlands Antilles, on 2 May 1970.",
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"text": "After several unsuccessful landing attempts, the aircraft's fuel was exhausted and it made a forced water landing (ditching) in the Caribbean Sea 48 km (30 miles) off St. Croix, with 23 fatalities and 40 survivors.",
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"text": "Pan am flight 6 often mistakenly called flight 943 crashed in the Pacific Ocean half way between Honolulu and San Francisco.",
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"text": "All 24 passengers and 7 crew members were rescued by the coast guard and survived.",
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"text": "The crew members on the pontchartrain are true heroes.",
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"text": "My father was on of them.",
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"text": "The incident happened October 15th 1956.",
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"text": "They lost 2 of their 4 engines around 3:00 a.m. they flew circles to burn off fuel and wait for daylight.",
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"text": "They hit the water at 8:15",
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"text": "a.m.. the plane split in half but Coasties were there within minutes.",
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"question": "They have rafts and life jackets on board and before takeoff, passengers are explained how to use that equipment, but have any evacuations ever happened successfully?",
"title": "Has a commercial airliner ever crash-landed in an ocean?",
"forum": "aviation.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<safety><accidents><ditching>",
"link": "aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/9925",
"author": "aviation.stackexchange.com/users/935/yippy_yay"
} | 20_27 | [
[
"Commercial airplanes have landed or crash landed in water many times. It happened in 2009 in the Hudson (well it's a river), and it happened in 1996 Ethiopian Airlines Flight 961. A Cathay Pacific DC-4 (technically a C-54) was shot down by Chinese fighters off the coast of Hainan island on 23 July 1954. Pan am flight 6 often mistakenly called flight 943 crashed in the Pacific Ocean half way between Honolulu and San Francisco.",
"There have been multiple instances of commercial aircraft landing or crash-landing on water. Examples include the 1996 Ethiopian Airlines Flight 961, a SAS DC-8 in Santa Monica bay in 1969 and Pan Am flight 6 in the Pacific Ocean. A Cathay Pacific DC-4 was also shot down by Chinese fighters in 1954 and a Cessna 208 \"Grand Caravan\" crashed close to Hawaii in 2013."
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"There have been multiple instances of commercial aircraft landing or crash-landing on water. Examples include the 1996 Ethiopian Airlines Flight 961, a SAS DC-8 in Santa Monica bay in 1969 and Pan Am flight 6 in the Pacific Ocean. A Cathay Pacific DC-4 was also shot down by Chinese fighters in 1954 and a Cessna 208 \"Grand Caravan\" crashed close to Hawaii in 2013."
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"text": "A couple of my CFIs have asked me to help them park the airplane (in absence of a tow bar) when I was pushing the airplane by putting one hand on the hub and the other on the propeller near the hub, and them (the CFIs) pushing the tail down and nose wheel elevated.",
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"text": "But according to AOPA , it is not a good thing: ... never push or pull on the prop blades.",
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"text": "Forget what anyone has told you about pulling near the hub or the strength of the propeller.",
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"text": "Aluminum blades can bend, and it doesn’t take much to put the blades out of track with one another.",
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"text": "This PDF says the same thing: Avoid pulling the airplane around by the prop.",
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"text": "Yes, this seems the perfect solution to a vexing problem of how to change the airplane’s position without having to walk around and get the tow bar, but it’s worthwhile to make the extra effort.",
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"text": "Neither the engine nor the prop particularly benefit from the loads imposed by horsing the whole airplane around.",
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"text": "Classic example of one corner case leading to a blanket belief.",
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"text": "Grabbing a propeller by the tip, especially a wooden prop, can cause damage.",
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"text": "In use, the tips generate most of the thrust but are also held straight by the rotational forces.",
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"text": "Pulling on a prop right beside the hub will cause no harm -",
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"text": "that's where the propellor thrust goes anyway.",
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"text": "If you grab the prop on both sides the airframe won't know that the engine isn't running.",
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"text": "So, here's a Rule of Thumb: if you cannot touch the prop hub with your thumb while pulling on the prop, you are holding it too far out.",
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"text": "Well, grabbing the propeller at the blade root and pulling from there cannot hurt it.",
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"text": "Why?",
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"text": "Because the thrust imparted by the propeller to the aircraft is applied at exactly the same place.",
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"text": "In other words, the propeller pulls the airplane through the air at the hub.",
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"text": "You are so close to the hub that you're not going to create a significant bending moment along the blade.",
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"text": "On the other hand grabbing the propeller at the tips would be questionable at best, and ill-advised!",
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"text": "I asked around at my gliding club about this, the consensus seems to be that it won't harm the plane as long as I didn't use excessive force.",
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"text": "The reason for doing it is to not have to walk from wing to wing to move the plane.",
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"text": "The main counterpoint is that you shouldn't move a plane by yourself unless you're very sure you won't hit anything (another plane, the hangar walls, etc).",
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"text": "By deviating from the standard procedure (using the tow bar) you incur into the following risks:",
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"text": "Mechanical damage: you risk damaging propeller itself if you don't pull from as close as possible to the hub.",
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"text": "Furthermore, being more complex, variable pitch blades obviously imply more risk.",
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"text": "Arguably, the forces in play during taxiing are similar to those exerted manually through pulling.",
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"text": "Also, in my flight school, during pre-flight inspection we actually perform some push/pulls to assess that the propeller, hub, and drive are ok -- suggesting that there is no mechanical stress derived from doing so.",
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"text": "Safety risks: although arguably rare, you may accidentally start the engine through hand-swinging.",
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"text": "I was instructed in my flight school to shut down the engine through the mixture control mainly to prevent this from happening during the pre-flight inspection previously described.",
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"text": "This is also why we perform magneto ground checks during shutdown.",
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"sents": [
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"text": "As always with these questions it seems to be a religious thing.",
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"text": "If you ask 2 people you will have at least 3 different answers and most of them will sound somewhat reasonable.",
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"text": "I had the situation that my FIs always taught and asked me to move the planes (taildraggers) with me pulling the plane on the prop and them steering using the rudder.",
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"text": "A few days ago another guy walked up to me when I moved the plane shouting at me",
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"text": "\"NEVER do this",
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"text": ", you'll destroy the prop\"So I called the technical support of the specific airplane (Diamond Aircraft) and asked them.",
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"text": "TL;DR:",
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"text": "Manufacturer says that's exactly the way they move the planes in production when they don't have the tow bar around.",
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"text": "For reference: The plane has an electric constant speed prop",
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"text": "so I guess about the most fragile you can find in terms of prop.",
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"text": "Of course you should always grab as close to the spinner as possible One can verify plane specifically this from POH or AMM, for example Diamond DA 62",
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"text": "AMM states:",
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"text": "I know this thread is 4 years old",
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"text": "but I could not find the questions answered anywhere else",
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"text": "and the question comes up on a regular basis esp.",
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"text": "in clubs where \"knowledge\" is passed on from member to member.",
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"author": "aviation.stackexchange.com/users/40505/Florian",
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"text": "How do you taxi your plane?",
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"text": "I use my engine to spin my propeller, which pulls on the hub and pulls my plane hard enough to make it roll on the ground.",
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"text": "On takeoff, I do this so hard that the 2000+ lb plane rolls 60 knots or so before it leaves the ground.",
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"text": "Now, with that in mind, do you think pulling on the prop, close to the hub, enough to move the plane 10 feet is doing any damage?",
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"author": "aviation.stackexchange.com/users/12116/Greg Taylor",
"score": 1
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] | {
"question": "It's very common to see pilots moving a light aircraft by pushing or pulling on the prop, either because there's no tow bar available or simply out of preference or convenience. Is this a reasonable thing to do or can it damage the prop or engine in some way?",
"title": "Is it OK to move a light aircraft by pushing or pulling the propeller?",
"forum": "aviation.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<propeller><ground-operations>",
"link": "aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/10097",
"author": "aviation.stackexchange.com/users/62/Pondlife"
} | 20_28 | [
[
"It seems that moving a small plane using the prop is unlikely to cause damage as long as too much force is not used.",
"There are two differing opinions on this. One is that the loads resulting from moving the aircraft in this way are not beneficial. The other is that this will not harm the plan, provided that the force used is not excessive."
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"There are two differing opinions on this. One is that the loads resulting from moving the aircraft in this way are not beneficial. The other is that this will not harm the plan, provided that the force used is not excessive."
]
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[
{
"sents": [
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"text": "In most common passenger aircraft brakes are automatically applied when the gear is retracted.",
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"text": "The wheels stop spinning before they enter the wheel well.",
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"text": "This is particularly important because a spinning damaged tire may cause damage to hydraulic and fuel lines which are usually routed near the wheel bay.",
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"text": "The nose wheels have no brakes, so they are spinning while they are being retracted.",
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"text": "Most aircraft have rubber brake pads (snubbers) fitted in the nose gear bay that stop the spinning of the gear once the wheels are retracted.",
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"sents": [
{
"text": "The question was formulated in the context of a jet liner such as the Boeing 737-800 or the Airbus, I do not understand why there are persons responding to this question in the context of a smaller less complex aircraft.",
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"text": "With that being said, I will like to expand the answer by DeltaLima.",
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"text": "Boeing uses a device attached to the Brake Metering Valve Module called a De-spin Actuator.",
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"text": "This device directs controlled hydraulic fluid to the brakes when the landing gear lever is set to retract to stop the spinning of the wheels.",
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"text": "More information can be found in the AMM ATA 32 (Aircraft Maintenance Manual Chapter on Landing Gear).",
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"text": "https://www.facebook.com/aviationisawesome/videos/1598830786833154/ Video of a 737-500 from inside the main gear wheel",
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"text": "well shows: After becoming airborne, the landing gear suspension unloads and the wheel hangs down, still spinning",
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"text": "Once the main gear arms begin retracting, the wheel stops within a second",
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{
"text": "The gear has fulled retracted in 6-7 seconds.",
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"text": "De-Spin Actuator Source: http://www.eaton.com/ecm/groups/public/@pub/@eaton/@aero/documents/content/ct_194202.pdf",
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"answer_details": {
"author": "aviation.stackexchange.com/users/9088/Andres Delgado",
"score": 26
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"text": "These are the \"nose wheel spin brake linings\" (the braking pads) that stop the spinning of the nose wheel after retraction.",
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"author": "aviation.stackexchange.com/users/42322/J.Torre",
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{
"sents": [
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"text": "I fly retracts and have heard this question a dozen times.",
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"text": "Some people say to tap the brakes, other people (like me) never do.",
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"text": "I have asked certified mechanics, and they have all said it doesn't matter.",
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"text": "My advice is to follow the POH.",
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"text": "If it says tap the brakes, then do so.",
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"text": "Otherwise do or don't it doesn't matter.",
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"sents": [
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"text": "General policy when operating a retractable gear aircraft is to apply brake pressure after becoming airborne and prior to commanding the retraction of the landing gear.",
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"text": "This causes the wheel to cease spinning, removing gyroscopic precession loads on the landing gear during retraction (remember a spinning tire acts like a big gyroscope and wants to maintain its orientation in space) as well as reduces the chances of damaging components inside the wheel well when the gear is stowed.",
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"answer_details": {
"author": "aviation.stackexchange.com/users/15637/Carlo Felicione",
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{
"sents": [
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"text": "Follow the POH is always the best and most correct answer because it is different on different models and types.",
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"text": "I have a 1971 C177RG POH in front of me right now",
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"text": "and it says:",
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"text": "Landing Gear RetractionBefore retracting the landing gear, the brakes should be applied momentarily to stop wheel rotation",
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"author": "aviation.stackexchange.com/users/5565/Ken VeArd",
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{
"sents": [
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"text": "On the 737, the main gear gets gear retract braking pressure when the gear lever is placed in the UP position.",
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"text": "It also doesn't hurt that a heavy brake stack will close up under gravity as the wheels are turned horizontal during retract.",
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"text": "The nose wheels are free to spin up into the wheel well, where they contact a friction brake that drags on the tires; slowing and stopping nose wheel spin.",
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"author": "aviation.stackexchange.com/users/22793/PanNerdicon",
"score": 1
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}
] | {
"question": "What happens to the spinning landing gear right after V 2 on takeoff? Are they automatically or manually braked to a halt before gear retraction? Or are they allowed to spin to a halt in the wheel wells? I am asking this question in the context of common passenger planes, such as the Boeing 737-800 or the Airbus A320.",
"title": "What happens to the spinning wheels of the landing gear after takeoff, before retraction?",
"forum": "aviation.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<takeoff><landing-gear><aircraft-systems>",
"link": "aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/11178",
"author": "aviation.stackexchange.com/users/693/Alexander Johansen"
} | 20_29 | [
[
"Generally wheels stop spinning before they are retracted. The general policy is to brake the wheels before retracting. However, nose wheels have no brakes so they are spinning as they retract. There is a device in the nose gear bay that stops the spinning.",
"Brakes are usually applied automatically when the gear is retracted. Brake pressure is usually applied after take-off and before retraction. Although the wheels stop spinning before entering the wheel well, the nose wheels do not have brakes so they are still spinning during retraction. Boeing planes have a device called a De-spin Actuator. Having said all that, the best answer is to check in the POH because it will vary for different models and types."
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"In most common passenger planes, the brakes are applied automatically when the gear is retracted. The general policy is to apply brake pressure after take-off before ordering the retraction.",
"Although the wheels stop spinning before entering the wheel well, the nose wheels do not have brakes so they are still spinning during retraction. Most planes have brake pads in the nose gear bay that stop the gear from spinning after the wheels are retracted.",
"Boeing planes have a device called a De-spin Actuator attached to the Brake Metering Valve Module.",
"The best answer is to check in the POH because it will vary for different models and types."
]
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"sents": [
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"text": "If the controlling software allows it then yes.",
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"text": "There's at least one drone available where autonomous flight is possible ; the Vision 2 FAQ says that the drone will continue its \"mission\" even if you lose the signal to it, although the overall length of the flight path is limited to 5km and the drone will not fly close to airports.",
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"text": "Other drones stop and hover or land if they lose the connection to the controller.",
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"text": "Whether doing this is actually a good idea (or legal in",
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"text": "whichever jurisdiction you want to operate in) or not is a whole other question.",
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"text": "In general, unmanned flight control systems operate in one of two main modes: manual control and program .",
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"text": "(There are other modes but these are typically specific situations, such as launch/landing sequences, loss of link (aka \"return home\"), and any other design-specific operating modes as required (see below).",
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"text": "To answer your question, if link is lost while the aircraft is in manual operation, a good flight system will automatically go into \"return home\" mode, where it flies to a pre-programmed GPS coordinate and altitude.",
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"text": "Some software will allow you to customize the sequence, such as whether or not to spiral up to altitude before heading to that coordinate.",
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"text": "Other software will backtrace the route it took.",
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"text": "Aircraft following a pre-programmed route typically change to manual mode upon completion, hoping there's a good ground link at the other end.",
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"text": "In military operations, this is known as a \"hand-off\" where one ground station takes control from another.",
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"text": "One Shadow flight I was running lost link immediately after launch.",
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"text": "After completing its autolaunch sequence, it went to return home and circled for hours until it ran out of fuel, at which point the engine stalled and the generator (alternator) hiccuped in transition to battery power, causing the flight processor to reboot, at which point we re-acquired link, though too late to do anything about it.",
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"text": "The UAV had already noticed its engine wasn't spinning and initiated its ditch sequence, rolling over and popping the chute.",
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"text": "From a technical standpoint, as other answers pointed out, it is technically feasible.",
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"text": "For instance, universities have attempted a 180 km flight over the Mediterranean sea .",
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"text": "However, there are also legal issues involved when flying a drone beyond the range of the remote control device.",
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"text": "For instance, in France , even when using an autopilot to control a drone, a safety pilot must stand ready to take control of the drone in case anything happens.",
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"text": "The Chicago Convention (1944), article 8 states that No aircraft capable of being flown without a pilot shall be flown without a pilot over the territory of a contracting State without special authorization by that State and in accordance with the terms of such authorization.",
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"text": "Each contracting State undertakes to insure that the flight of such aircraft without a pilot in regions open to civil aircraft shall be so controlled as to obviate danger to civil aircraft.",
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"text": "In many countries, these special authorizations can take a few months (a little more than three months in the case of the 180 km flight over the Mediterranean sea) to obtain, so hobbyists usually don't bother.",
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"text": "Yes, most of the sophisticated consumer drones allow you to pre-program a track into them and can fly totally autonomously.",
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"text": "Also, most of even the less expensive drones (FN1) are designed to return back to their starting GPS coordinates if they lose their control signal.",
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"text": "Fn1",
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"text": ": Less expensive still means around USD 500 or so.",
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"text": "Sophisticated drones are USD 1000 and up.",
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"text": "From a technical perspective, there's nothing preventing it.",
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"text": "It wouldn't even be very difficult to write the code to do it if you had a GPS receiver on board, especially if you also had accelerometers to interpolate position between GPS fixes.",
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"text": "For that matter, remote control via a cellular network wouldn't be particularly complicated from a technical implementation perspective (and this would also aid in navigation if you triangulate position from the towers.)",
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"text": "Where the problem comes in is legal issues.",
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"text": "Specifically, in the U.S., at least, operating such an unmanned aircraft outside the line-of-sight of the operate is illegal unless you have a special license from the FAA, which is generally only granted to federal government agencies or law enforcement/emergency/rescue organizations or to aircraft R&D organizations.",
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"text": "According to the FAA : Recreational use of airspace by model aircraft is covered by FAA Advisory Circular 91-57 (PDF) , which generally limits operations for hobby and recreation to below 400 feet, away from airports and air traffic, and within sight of the operator.",
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"text": "Federico was right on in his comment in that this is a weak 'answer' and yes, I know better than that.",
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"text": "While not answering the body, this question does answer the one in the title.",
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"text": "See Man detained outside White House for trying to fly drone , as well as related stories of that day, for an example on what not to do with your UAV... As a synopsis,",
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"text": "if I remember the details correctly, a US Federal employee was at a friends house in Washington D.C. and they were playing with the friend's new quad-copter (some might call it a drone).",
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"text": "There was much drinking and celebration and the man was flying the quad while quite drunk.",
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"text": "He flew it towards the White House and it disappeared.",
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"text": "It landed itself on the White House lawn.",
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"text": "So, yes, a 'drone' can fly beyond radio range.",
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"text": "Depends on the programming of the drone - mostly if it contains code for autonomous operations.",
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"text": "Furthermore, it can have a \"drone call home\" subroutine which would cause it to become \"autonomous\"",
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"text": "(it isn't fully autonomous, but it can fly on it own in a straight line).",
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"question": "In a hobby drone, is it possible to set up the autopilot so that the drone travels to a distance far beyond the range of the remote control device and then comes back to the starting point? When I see hobbyists flying drones , it seems the drone always hovers within the boundaries of the field. Is it possible for a drone to reach a friend's house on the other side of town and then come back to the start point?",
"title": "Can a drone travel beyond the range of its remote control signal?",
"forum": "aviation.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<autopilot><unmanned-aerial-vehicle>",
"link": "aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/11260",
"author": "aviation.stackexchange.com/users/5556/Victor"
} | 20_30 | [
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"It is feasible for a drone to continue flying when the signal is lost. It depends on its programming. Good drones have \"return home\" mode. However, in the US, it is illegal for drones to fly outside the line of sight.",
"It is technically possible for a drone to travel beyond the range of its remote control signal provided that its programming and software allows for this. However, it is illegal in the USA to fly an unmanned aircraft out of sight of the operator unless you have a special license from the FAA. Model aircraft for recreational use may only be operated below 400 feet, within sight of the operator and away from airports and air traffic."
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"It is technically possible for a drone to travel beyond the range of its remote control signal provided that its programming and software allows for this. ",
"In the USA, it is illegal to fly an unmanned aircraft out of sight of the operator unless you have a special license from the FAA. Model aircraft for recreational use may only be operated below 400 feet, within sight of the operator and away from airports and air traffic."
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"text": "It depends on the aircraft, but in general the answer is that there are no regulatory age limitations, and indeed we have many aircraft flying that are 50+ years old.",
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"text": "A notable exception is the Robinson line of piston helicopters.",
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"text": "The airframe on those helis is limited to 2200 hours or 12 years , whichever comes first, at which point the entire airframe must be completely overhauled.",
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"text": "Some of the airframes are indeed rebuilt, but some are also scrapped, depending on level of wear and corrosion.",
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"text": "Since the airframe lifetime is in the LIMITATIONS section of the POH, it is governed by: § 91.9 Civil aircraft flight manual, marking, and placard requirements.",
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"text": "(a) Except as provided in paragraph (d) of this section, no person may operate a civil aircraft without complying with the operating limitations specified in the approved Airplane or Rotorcraft Flight Manual, markings, and placards, or as otherwise prescribed by the certificating authority of the country of registry.",
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"text": "N60094 , a 1909 Bleriot XI based at Rhinebeck Aerodrome Museum, has a valid FAA airworthiness certificate .",
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"text": "So I think it's safe to assume there are no FAA restrictions based solely on age. ]",
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"text": "Aircraft hulls are limited in the wear and tear",
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"text": "they can withstand due to metal fatigue that can develop (pressurized aircraft more than non-pressurized).",
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"text": "The manufacturer will impose limits on the flight time of the hull (an older airframe will be considered not airworthy) so any developing metal fatigue will not tear apart the plane in flight like what happened with the Comet or Aloha Airlines flight 243 .",
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"text": "tl;dr",
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"text": "it's the responsibility of the manufacturer to impose limits on the airframe age.",
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"author": "aviation.stackexchange.com/users/609/ratchet freak",
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"text": "According to Wikipedia the DC-3 first flew in 1935, entered regular passenger service in 1936, and as of 2012 #10 off the production line was still in regular commercial service.",
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"text": "I'd venture to say it's got more to do with maintenance than regulation.",
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"text": "(I'm sure someone will quote the appropriate FAR section in a few minutes.)",
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"text": "As a general statement aircraft are pretty well-built (in fact, they are generally overbuilt",
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"text": "so they'll hold up to use and abuse in excess of their stated design tolerances), and carefully maintained.",
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"text": "As such there is generally no regulatory restriction on airframe age , though there may be other applicable restrictions (or recommendations) depending on the aircraft.",
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"text": "The most common restriction you'll encounter",
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"text": "that's similar to what you're asking about is what are known as \"life-limited parts\" - Aircraft components that have a finite limit (expressed in flight hours, flight cycles, or calendar time), after which they must be replaced or overhauled.",
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"text": "These limitations are usually given by the manufacturer (in a Limitations section of the POH/AFM or Maintenance Manual, which has regulatory effect under FAA rules).",
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"text": "In some cases an entire airframe may be life-limited: ( The R22 helicopter has both a calendar and hours limit, and commercial airliners typically have a flight cycle and flight hour limitation on the airframe as well.",
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"text": "In other cases only a component may be life-limited: The wings on a Grumman Tiger or a Piper Tomahawk must be replaced after a certain number of flight hours.",
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"text": "Even in absence of a specific limitation it's important to recognize that all airframes have a finite life - components will eventually suffer fatigue and fail, as with any kind of mechanical equipment.",
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"text": "Manufacturers may recommend extensive inspections of older aircraft to ensure that fatigue is detected before the structure fails.",
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"text": "(For example, while the Piper Cherokee family has no Limitations published Piper does recommend extensive inspections on aircraft that have accumulated a large amount of flight time.)",
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"question": "Is there any restriction by FAA that one can not fly a plane older than 'X' years? If someone is maintaining an older plane (e.g. from 1990s), are there any regulations which prevents or restricts that person to fly that airplane? I am interested in finding out both for commercial and smaller general aviation airplanes.",
"title": "Is there any limit by FAA on the age of aircraft to be operational?",
"forum": "aviation.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<aircraft-maintenance>",
"link": "aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/11659",
"author": "aviation.stackexchange.com/users/5694/NitinG"
} | 20_32 | [
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"There are no regulations limiting the life of an aircraft. In fact, many very old planes are still flying. However, the manufacturer may impose limitations on flight time for the hull to prevent metal fatigue issues.",
"Generally speaking, there are no regulatory age restrictions. There are many aircraft over 50 years old that are still flying or still airworthy. Examples include a 1909 Bleriot XI and a DC-3. Whether older planes are still operational is more a question of maintenance than of regulations. For example, manufacturers may set limits in terms of the flight time of the hull or may recommend inspections of older airplanes so that any fatigue can be identified promptly."
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"Generally speaking, there are no regulatory age restrictions and there are many aircraft still flying that are over 50 years old. ",
"There are many aircraft over 50 years old that are still flying or still airworthy. Examples include a 1909 Bleriot XI and a DC-3.",
"Whether older planes are still operational is more a question of maintenance than of regulations. For example, manufacturers may set limits in terms of the flight time of the hull or may recommend inspections of older airplanes so that any fatigue can be identified promptly."
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"text": "The FAA has an FAQ on bird strikes and other wildlife hazards, which includes a (broken) link to their Wildlife Hazard Management at Airports - A Manual for Airport Personnel document .",
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"text": "Chapter 9 is called \"WILDLIFE CONTROL STRATEGIES AND TECHNIQUES AT AIRPORTS\" and includes the following techniques: Change flight schedules Modify the birds' habitat (food, cover, water)",
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"text": "Physically exclude the animals (not so easy with birds)",
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"text": "Repel the birds with vehicles, chemicals, sound, visual objects (flags, scarecrows, fake dead animals, lasers)",
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"text": "Repel the birds with trained falcons or dogs Shoot",
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"text": "nonlethal projectiles at the birds Trap, remove and release the birds at a different location Kill the birds with poison or other means",
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"text": "The document summarizes the various techniques like this: Habitat modifications to minimize food, cover, and water and physical barriers to exclude wildlife are the foundations of wildlife hazard management programs for airports.",
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"text": "In addition, an integrated array of repellent techniques is necessary to disrupt normal behavior and to stress hazardous wildlife that attempt to use the airport.",
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"text": "These repellent techniques must be used judiciously and backed by real threats to minimize habituation.",
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"text": "To this end, lethal control of selected individuals of common species is sometimes necessary to reinforce repellent actions.",
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"text": "about.com has a good article which lists the many methods that are used to scare birds away from airports.",
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"text": "It includes: Modify the habitat:",
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"text": "Remove sources of food, such as seed-bearing plants, use insecticides to eliminate insects as a food source, remove bushes and plants that can be used for nesting",
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"text": "The use of visual devices (lasers) or audio (sonic cannons, recordings) to scare away birds Trained falcons, dogs, or other predators to make the airport inhospitable to birds.",
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"text": "Another source: Birds at Airports - Internet Center for Wildlife Damage Management",
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"text": "(Image Source:",
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"text": "WikiMedia Commons - Author: Bluescan sv.wiki )",
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"text": "On a visit to Blackpool Airport control tower a few years ago, they mentioned that they flew a hawk/falcon (not sure which) every day to deter birds",
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"text": "The airport authorities use a number of techniques to manage the hazard of bird strike in and near airports.",
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"text": "These include, Elimination of bird habitats-",
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"text": "Birds usually come to the airport area due to the availability of food sources.",
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"text": "Denial of food to birds by eliminating the sources (like landfills, garbage, crops, dumps etc) will reduce the chance of birdstirke by eliminating the source.",
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"text": "It also helps to keep the airport and surrounding areas unattractive to birds (for example, by eliminating water stagnation, vegetation cover etc) as it prevents the birds from nesting there.",
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"text": "Scaring them away-",
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"text": "A number of airports use a number of bird repellents like pyrotechnics, cannons (mostly just prior to aircraft approach to prevent bird habituation), chemical repellents etc.",
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"text": "In some cases, specially trained animals (like falcons, dogs etc) have been used to scare away the birds or they are trapped.",
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"text": "In some cases, the flight schedule can be altered if bird movement is expected in the area (for example, if the airport is on a bird migration route).",
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"text": "The problem can be solved by simply killing the birds in the area, though this drastic step is usually not implemented except in the most extreme cases.",
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"text": "In general, the nesting sites of birds are destroyed to prevent them from staying permanently near the airport.",
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"text": "Usually, a combination of above methods is used to manage the birds.",
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"text": "The only procedure available for flight crews is to either delay the flight (or land in alternate runway if its available) in case birds are detected over an area.",
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"text": "This however, is dependent on a number of variables like fuel availability, flight schedule etc.",
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"text": "There are some radar systems under development that could detect birds; however, these have not reached operational stage yet.",
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"text": "Trap, kill, harass, or deprive them of food and shelter.",
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"text": "The number of bird strikes at my airport has been reduced dramatically by consistently harassing the birds to the point where the birds eventually adapt and learn.",
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"author": "aviation.stackexchange.com/users/17647/Almighty ",
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"text": "All the correct information has been added except one point.",
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"text": "The engines nose spinners have a design painted on them.",
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"text": "Once the engines are running the design is suppose to look like the eye of a bird of pray to scare off birds in flight.",
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"text": "Does it work",
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"question": "I know bird strikes are a major issue for many airports, and that measures are taken to keep birds away. There are some obvious things airports can do like not to have any stray garbage, food, etc. in the open, but I'm sure other less obvious methods are also used. What exactly are some of the widely used techniques to keep birds away from airports?",
"title": "What are the ways to keep the birds away from airfields?",
"forum": "aviation.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<safety><airport><birds>",
"link": "aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/11760",
"author": "aviation.stackexchange.com/users/5694/NitinG"
} | 20_34 | [
[
"A number of approaches are used by airports to keep birds away. These range from using animals and birds of prey to scare birds away to trapping and killing or harrassing them to make them leave the area. Other methods involve destroying their nesting sites or firing canon as planes come in to land. Apparently a radar system that can pick up birds is being developed.",
"In some cases, animals such as birds of prey or dogs are used to scare the birds. Some airports use repellents such as pyrotechnics, cannons or chemical repellents to deter birds. The birds can be trapped, harassed, deprived of food and shelter or, in the most extreme cases, killed. If birds are detected or expected in an area, the flight schedule can be altered or the aircraft can land on a different available runway. Radar systems that can detect birds are being developed but are not yet operational. Resources relating to this subject include an FAA FAQ and an article on about.com."
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"Resources relating to this subject include an FAA FAQ and an article on about.com.",
"In some cases, animals such as birds of prey or dogs are used to scare the birds.",
"Some airports use repellents such as pyrotechnics, cannons or chemical repellents to deter birds.",
"If birds are detected or expected in an area, the flight schedule can be altered or the aircraft can land on a different available runway.",
"The birds can be trapped, harassed, deprived of food and shelter or, in the most extreme cases, killed.",
"Radar systems that can detect birds are being developed but are not yet operational."
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"sents": [
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"text": "As long as an aircraft transmits (unencrypted) ADS-B information, anyone within radio range can track it.",
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"text": "The equipment necessary to receive ADS-B can be as simple as a computer with a TV receiver (USB DVB-T module) and the right software.",
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"text": "Receivers can then send the data stream to, for example, Flightradar24 , who will display it on their website.",
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"text": "@ezra-g mentiones that Steve Jobs' aircraft was blocked , but this is of something one would have to ask for, and the site has to apply the filter so it doesn't display on its website.",
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"text": "However, Jobs' plane would still have been visible on the receiving computers.",
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"text": "And, of course, the website will only filter your aircraft if they are willing to do so, either on request, through payment, or a government order.",
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"text": "Flightradar.com also has some other data sources, like FAA (Federal Aviation Administration)",
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"text": "From the FlightAware FAQ : How does FlightAware handle flights around the world?",
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"text": "What is FlightAware's service area?",
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"text": "FlightAware's primary service area includes airspace operated by the United States (including Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto RIco, and Guam), Canada, the Caribbean, Australia, the United Kingdom, and France.",
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"text": "Flights in the primary service area support real time maps, departure and arrival information, delays, and more.",
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"text": "FlightAware's secondary service covers scheduled major airline operations at any airport in the world.",
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"text": "Flights in the secondary service area support departure and arrival information.",
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"text": "Secondary coverage areas may have real-time positions for ADS-B equipped aircraft operating in FlightAware's ADS-B coverage area.",
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"text": "Additionally, some airlines send FlightAware satellite position reports from aircraft worldwide that augments other position data and provides transoceanic coverage as well.",
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"text": "For flights arriving in a service area from outside of a service area, FlightAware will be able to track the flight when it nears a service area.",
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"text": "Not all worldwide data sources (e.g., European data, datalink ARINC/SITA ACARS, etc) are freely available on FlightAware.com due to government regulations or commercial arrangements.",
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"text": "Flight tracking websites, such as FlightRadar24 and FlightAware , generally track aircraft using publicly available ADS-B transponder information.",
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"text": "Privately operated aircraft are included as long as the owner of the aircraft has not specifically requested that their aircraft be excluded from public searching.",
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"text": "For example: Steve Jobs' private plane's N-number was public information, but it was excluded from tracking on Flightaware.",
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"text": "Military aircraft are not included in public ADS-B tracking information.",
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"text": "For more on ADS-B and flight tracking, see the information from FlightRadar24 and FlightAware .",
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"text": "Flight-tracking sites can track military aircraft, but generally don't .",
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"text": "For example, I live near a USAF base and can easily track dozens of military flights a day with an ADS-B receiver, but not one of those flights has ever shown up on FlightRadar24.",
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"text": "Yes, recently PlaneFlightTracker provided exactly this live service both for NATO and Russian Military aircrafts as well as Medical, Emergency, Safe and Rescue helicopters and airplanes.",
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"text": "It starts with a procedure explaning how to track as well as Live Military Aircrafts Maps.",
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"text": "This site uses the FlightRadar24 map for embedment but has made an effort to extract necessary ICAO codes so that the users may get the proper maps.",
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"question": "Many flight tracking websites have the data about almost all the commercial airplanes in air. Do they have the data about the private jets and/or defense aircraft also and they just don't show that on the websites?",
"title": "Do flight tracking websites also track non-commercial and defense aircraft?",
"forum": "aviation.stackexchange.com",
"question_tags": "<flight-stat>",
"link": "aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/11814",
"author": "aviation.stackexchange.com/users/5694/NitinG"
} | 20_35 | [
[
"Any plane can be tracked if it transmits unenncrypted ADS-B information, including military planes. However, military planes are not included in public ADS-B tracking information.",
"ADS-B transponder information is publicly available and can be tracked by anyone within radio range. Flight tracking websites generally use this transponder information to track flights. Military aircraft are not included in this public transponder information. Although flight tracking sites are able to track military aircraft, they tend not to. Having said that, PlaneFlight Tracker recently provided this service for NATO aircraft and Russian military aircraft as well as for medical, emergency and rescue aircraft."
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"ADS-B transponder information is publicly available and can be tracked by anyone within radio range. Flight tracking websites generally use this transponder information to track flights. Military aircraft are not included in this public transponder information.",
"Although flight tracking sites are able to track military aircraft, they tend not to. Having said that, PlaneFlight Tracker recently provided this service for NATO aircraft and Russian military aircraft as well as for medical, emergency and rescue aircraft."
]
] |