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During the German occupation of Poland (<e0>World War II</e0>), in November 1939, the Germans carried out a massacre of 72 Poles from the county in the Bytyń Forest as part of the Intelligenzaktion.[4]
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Geisel adopted the name "Dr. Seuss" as an undergraduate at Dartmouth College and as a graduate student at Lincoln College, Oxford. He left Oxford in 1927 to begin his career as an illustrator and cartoonist for Vanity Fair, Life, and various other publications. He also worked as an illustrator for advertising campaigns, including for FLIT and Standard Oil, and as a political cartoonist for the New York newspaper PM. He published his first children's book And to Think That I Saw It on Mulberry Street in 1937. During <e0>World War II</e0>, he took a brief hiatus from children's literature to illustrate political cartoons, and he worked in the animation and film department of the United States Army.
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Geisel converted a copy of one of his famous children's books, Marvin K. Mooney Will You Please Go Now!, into a polemic shortly before the end of the 1972–1974 <e0>Watergate scandal</e0>, in which U.S. president Richard Nixon resigned, by replacing the name of the main character everywhere that it occurred.[82] "Richard M. Nixon, Will You Please Go Now!" was published in major newspapers through the column of his friend Art Buchwald.[82]
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Hall received eight battle stars for <e0>World War II</e0> service.
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A major manoeuvre commanded in 1912 by Ulrich Wille, a reputed Germanophile, convinced visiting European heads of state, in particular Kaiser Wilhelm II, of the efficacy and determination of Swiss defences.[10] Wille was subsequently put in command of the second complete mobilization in 1914, and Switzerland escaped invasion in the course of <e0>World War I</e0>. Wille also ordered the suppression of the 1918 general strike (Landesstreik) with military force. Three workers were killed, and a rather larger number of soldiers died of the Spanish flu during mobilization. In 1932, the army was called to suppress an anti-fascist demonstration in Geneva. The troops shot dead 13 demonstrators, wounding another 65. This incident long damaged the army's reputation, leading to persistent calls for its abolition among left-wing politicians. In both the 1918 and the 1932 incidents, the troops deployed were consciously selected from rural regions such as the Berner Oberland, fanning the enmity between the traditionally conservative rural population and the urban working class. The third complete mobilization of the army took place during <e1>World War II</e1> under the command of Henri Guisan (see also Switzerland during the World Wars). The Patrouille des Glaciers race, created to test the abilities of soldiers, was created during the war.
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In 2016, the Swiss Federal Assembly voted to further reduce the army from 140,000 men to 100,000 men, reducing the time of basic training from 21 weeks to 18, but also to increase the military budget by 2.4 billion <e0>Swiss francs</e0>.[14] In 2022, the Assembly voted to increase spending by 1.4 billion Swiss francs by 2030, or at least 1% of the country's GDP.[15]
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In <e0>World War II</e0>, listening to Feindsender ('enemy radio stations') became a capital offence, however, such stations such as the Swiss Radio Beromünster as well as the German-language programmes of the BBC, Voice of America (VOA) and Vatican Radio, were widely used information sources. Reichssender Wien transmissions were important for strategic bombing alerts. The Funkhaus broadcasting centre itself was damaged by Allied bombs in January and February 1945, followed by the Red Army Vienna Offensive. Reichssender Wien last aired 6 April, before retiring Schutzstaffel troops blew up the Bisamberg transmitter.
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Priestley was considered for the position of astronomer on James Cook's second voyage to the South Seas, but was not chosen. Still, he contributed in a small way to the voyage: he provided the crew with a method for making carbonated water, which he erroneously speculated might be a cure for scurvy. He then published a pamphlet with Directions for Impregnating Water with Fixed Air (1772).[82] Priestley did not exploit the commercial potential of carbonated water, but others such as J. J. Schweppe made fortunes from it.[83] For his discovery of carbonated water Priestley has been labelled "the father of the soft drink",[84] with the beverage company Schweppes regarding him as "the father of our industry".[85] In 1773, the Royal Society recognised Priestley's achievements in natural philosophy by awarding him the <e0>Copley Medal</e0>.[2][86]
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Export Steamship Corporation was organized in 1919 and began operating cargo services to the Mediterranean from New York. The word American was added in the 1920s to emphasize its ties to the U.S. In 1931, they placed in service four cargo-passenger liners, Excalibur, Excambion, Exeter and Exochorda, known as the "Four Aces". The timing of their new service was unfortunately at the beginning of the Depression. The company went through various reorganizations and became the American Export Lines in 1936. During <e0>World War II</e0> American Export Lines operated transports for the U.S. War Shipping Administration.[1] In 1964, it merged with Isbrandtsen Co. to become the American Export-Isbrandtsen Lines.
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Their first passenger ships were actually combination passenger-cargo ships, known as "Four Aces", Excalibur, Exeter, Excambion and Exochorda. These ships were ordered built by AEL during the time when the company's president was Henry Herbman, an old-time dockman in New York. They were built by the New York Shipbuilding Company, headed up by Clinton L. Bardo, and first launched in 1931. However, Herbman was not a good businessman and the ships had not been paid for. J. E. Slater, who was with the consulting firm Coverdale and Colpitts of New York City, was asked to look into their finances, and he quickly found that the business was not being run efficiently. Finally the Maritime Commission removed Herbman from his position and J. E. Slater was asked to run the company for a few years to stabilize it. The company's financial position improved significantly, assisted by a life insurance policy Herbman had bought himself, which was paid to the company and settled the debt problem. (This information was found in Slater's taped memoirs which were passed on to his children and grandchildren.) With the exception of the Exochorda, the ships were lost during <e0>World War II</e0> as a result of enemy fire. The Exochorda was later sold to Turkish Maritime Lines and renamed Tarsus.
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By the 21st century, <e0>USA Today</e0> ran an article on Joey Baines in their October 22, 2015 issue, titled Parole denied again, which mentioned that this was Joey's twelfth consecutive parole hearing to end in denial. He was serving a twenty-year term at Folsom for racketeering and had spent two-thirds of his life behind bars.
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After his graduation in 1904, Sierpiński worked as a school teacher of mathematics and physics in Warsaw. However, when the school closed because of a strike, Sierpiński decided to go to Kraków to pursue a doctorate. At the Jagiellonian University in Kraków, he attended lectures by Stanisław Zaremba on mathematics. He also studied <e0>astronomy</e0> and philosophy. In 1908, he received his doctorate and was appointed to the University of Lwów. In 1910, he became head of the Faculty of Mathematics at the university.[3]
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When <e0>World War I</e0> began in 1914, Sierpiński and his family were in Russia. To avoid the persecution that was common for Polish foreigners, Sierpiński spent the rest of the war years in Moscow working with Nikolai Luzin. Together they began the study of analytic sets. In 1916, Sierpiński gave the first example of an absolutely normal number.[4]
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When <e0>World War I</e0> ended in 1918, Sierpiński returned to Lwów. However shortly after taking up his appointment again in Lwów he was offered a post at the University of Warsaw, which he accepted. In 1919 he was promoted to a professor. He spent the rest of his life in Warsaw.[5]
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In 1955, the USS Talladega was featured in the <e0>World War II</e0> film classic, Battle Cry.[2][5]
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Talladega received two battle stars for <e0>World War II</e0>, two for Korea, and three for Vietnam.[4]
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According to the statistical office of Canton Zurich, Thalwil receives 92.0 million <e0>Franc</e0> in tax revenue every year, as of 2020. 11,022 people pay taxes to Thalwil.[9]
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In its early history Scott County was heavily Democratic due to being largely German Catholic and opposed to the pietistic Scandinavian Lutheran Republican Party of that era. It would never vote Republican until Theodore Roosevelt swept every Minnesota county in 1904[18] but anti-Woodrow Wilson feeling from <e0>World War I</e0> caused the county to shift overwhelmingly to Warren G. Harding in 1920 before swinging to Robert La Follette, coreligionist Al Smith and fellow “wet” Democrat Franklin D. Roosevelt.
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Walter Hartmann (23 July 1891 – 11 March 1977) was a German general in the Wehrmacht during <e0>World War II</e0>. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords of Nazi Germany.
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Kate Elizabeth Winslet CBE (/ˈwɪnzlət/;[2] born 5 October 1975) is an English actress.[3] Known for her work in independent films, particularly period dramas, and for her portrayals of headstrong and complicated women, she has received numerous accolades, including an Academy Award, a Grammy Award, two Primetime Emmy Awards, five BAFTA Awards and five Golden Globe Awards. <e0>Time</e0> magazine named Winslet one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2009 and 2021. She was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in 2012.
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Winslet was keen on playing Rose DeWitt Bukater, a socialite aboard the ill-fated <e0>RMS Titanic</e0>, in James Cameron's epic romance Titanic (1997). Cameron was initially reluctant to cast her, preferring the likes of Claire Danes and Gwyneth Paltrow, but she pleaded with him, "You don't understand! I am Rose! I don't know why you're even seeing anyone else!"[47] Her persistence led him to give her the part.[47] Leonardo DiCaprio featured as her love interest, Jack. Titanic had a production budget of $200 million, and its arduous principal photography was held at Baja Studios where a replica of the ship was created.[25] Filming proved taxing for Winslet; she almost drowned, caught influenza, suffered from hypothermia, and had bruises on her arms and knees. The workload allowed her only four hours of sleep per day and she felt drained by the experience.[48][49] Writing for Newsweek, David Ansen commended Winslet for capturing her character's zeal with delicacy,[50] and Mike Clark of <e1>USA Today</e1> considered her to be the film's prime asset.[51] Against expectations, Titanic went on to become the highest-grossing film to that point, earning over $2 billion in box office receipts worldwide,[47][52] and established Winslet as a global star.[53] The film won eleven Academy Awards—tied for most for a single film—including Best Picture and earned the 22-year-old Winslet a nomination for Best Actress.[54] She also received Golden Globe and SAG nominations for Best Actress.[55][56]
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In 2005, Winslet took on a guest role in an episode of the British comedy sitcom <e0>Extras</e0>, starring Ricky Gervais and Stephen Merchant. She played a satirical version of herself in it—an actress, who in an effort to win an Oscar, takes the role of a nun in a Holocaust film.[96] She received a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series nomination.[97] Within three months of giving birth to her second child, Winslet returned to work on Romance & Cigarettes, a musical romantic comedy directed by John Turturro, in which she played Tula, a promiscuous and foulmouthed woman.[98] The part required her to sing and dance, and it helped her lose weight gained during the pregnancy.[80][99] She twisted her ankle while filming one of the dance sequences.[80] Derek Elley of Variety wrote that despite her limited screen time, Winslet had "the showiest role and filthiest one-liners".[100] She turned down an offer from Woody Allen to star in Match Point (2005) to spend more time with her children.[80]
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In 2009, Forbes reported her annual salary to be $2 million, a majority of that stemming from her endorsement deals.[278] Also that year, the UK Film Council calculated that she had earned £20 million from her acting roles since 1995.[279] She was named one of the 100 most influential people in the world by <e0>Time</e0> magazine in 2009 and 2021.[280][281] Madame Tussauds in London unveiled a wax statue of Winslet in 2011.[282] The following year, she received the Honorary César award, and in 2014, she received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.[283][284] Winslet was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2012 Birthday Honours for her services to drama.[285]
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Changde is known for its many <e0>Paleolithic</e0> and <e1>Neolithic</e1> sites. About 500 of them have been discovered to date. In 1984 neolithic human settlements were discovered in Li County, part of Changde. In 1988, the Pengtoushan site was excavated leading to the identification of the "Pengtoushan Culture". The site contains the earliest evidence of a settled village yet discovered in China.[5] Archeological research from 2011 suggests that a settlement called Shanlonggang, part of the Pengtoushan civilization, may have cultivated rice 8,000-9,000 years ago, making it the possible birthplace of rice cultivation.[6]
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In the Han dynasty the area was called "Wuling County". The name is retained in the urban Wuling District. In the Sui dynasty, it was called Langzhou. During the <e0>Song dynasty</e0>, it was called Dingcheng. In the <e1>Tang dynasty</e1> (618–907) it became the seat of Lang prefecture. In 1117, Changde county was established, and around 1165,Changde superior prefecture/fu was established. The name Changde has been used for the city ever since.[3] This status was retained until 1912, when the superior prefecture was abolished and the city became a county seat.
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Changde has an extensive bus network with most short-distance busses within the city costing either <e0>CN¥</e0>1 or ¥1.50 depending on air-conditioning. Changde is a pedestrian friendly city with wide tree-lined avenues and streets.
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Ardiles played Carlos Rey in the 1981 <e0>World War II</e0> film Escape to Victory.
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In January 2014, Ardiles and Ricardo Villa were involved in a car crash in the Falkland Islands during the filming of Camilo Antolini's <e0>30 for 30</e0> documentary White, Blue and White.[22] Ardiles sustained minor injuries in the accident, and required more than 20 stitches in his head.[23]
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Broadband Internet access, provider in the city is DataOne by BSNL Fixed Line telecom services are offered alongside <e0>GSM</e0> and Code division multiple access (CDMA) mobile services. Cell phone coverage is extensive, and the main service providers are Vodafone Essar, Airtel, BSNL, Reliance Communications, Idea Cellular, Aircel and Tata Indicom. Recently[when?] a 3G service has been launched by Vodafone Essar, Airtel, BSNL, Reliance Communications, Idea Cellular, Aircel and Tata Indicom. The work for laying Fibre optics for 4G is in progress.[citation needed]
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Rhee became involved in Anti-Japanese circles after the end of the First Sino-Japanese War in 1895, which saw Joseon passed from the <e0>Chinese</e0> sphere of influence to the Japanese. Rhee was implicated in a plot to take revenge for the assassination of Empress Myeongseong, the wife of King Gojong who was assassinated by Japanese agents (known in Korean history as the Chunsaengmun incident); however, a female American physician Georgiana E. Whiting helped him avoid the charges by disguising him as her patient and go to his sister's house. Rhee acted as one of the forerunners of the Korean independence movement through grassroots organizations such as the Hyeopseong Club and the Independence Club (독립협회; 獨立協會). Rhee organized several protests against corruption and the influences of the Japan and the Russian Empire.[13] As a result, in November 1898, Rhee attained the rank of Uigwan (의관; 議官) in the Imperial Legislature, the Jungchuwon (중추원; 中樞院).[11]
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Rhee on <e0>Time</e0> magazine cover, 1953
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At the beginning of <e0>World War I</e0>, he led a successful counter-attack against Portuguese forces at Naulila, Portuguese Angola (see German campaign in Angola). On 12 November 1914, he became commander of the Schutztruppe after the death of Joachim von Heydebreck. He and 2,166 men surrendered to South African forces near Khorab on 9 July 1915. Five weeks later, South African troops controlled the entire German colony.
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1888 (MDCCCLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar, the 1888th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 888th year of the <e0>2nd millennium</e0>, the 88th year of the <e1>19th century</e1>, and the 9th year of the 1880s decade. As of the start of 1888, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923. | [
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The Constitutional Court is composed of 15 judges, one of which is the President of the Italian Constitutional Court elected from the court itself. One third of the judges are appointed by the President of the Italian Republic, one-third are elected by Parliament and one-third are elected by the ordinary and administrative supreme courts. The Constitutional Court passes on the constitutionality of laws, and is a post-<e0>World War II</e0> innovation.
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The loose, improvisatory animation, frequently <e0>surreal</e0> action generally termed "The New York Style" (particularly in films such as Snow White and Bimbo's Initiation), grungy atmosphere, and racy pre-Code content of the early Fleischer Studios cartoons have been a major influence on many underground and alternative cartoonists. Kim Deitch, Robert Crumb, Jim Woodring, and Al Columbia are among the creators who have specifically acknowledged their inspiration. Much of Richard Elfman's 1980 cult film Forbidden Zone is a live action pastiche of the early Fleischer Studios style. The Fleischer style was also used in the 1995 animated series The Twisted Tales of Felix the Cat. The studio's art style and surreal atmosphere was a central influence on the indie game Cuphead, with the studio being described as "magnetic north" for the game's art style.[19]
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The Orville is a comedy-drama science fiction television series created by Seth MacFarlane that premiered on September 10, 2017, on Fox. MacFarlane, a longtime fan of the franchise who previously guest-starred on an episode of Enterprise, created the series with a similar look and feel as the Star Trek series.[164] MacFarlane has made references to Star Trek on his animated series <e0>Family Guy</e0>, where the Next Generation cast guest-starred in the episode "Not All Dogs Go to Heaven".
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Beginning in 1946, there was dramatically increased interest among male applicants who wanted to attend the University of Florida, mostly returning <e0>World War II</e0> veterans who could attend college under the GI Bill of Rights (Servicemen's Readjustment Act). Unable to immediately accommodate this increased demand, the Florida Board of Control opened the Tallahassee Branch of the University of Florida on the campus of Florida State College for Women in Tallahassee.[38] By the end of the 1946–47 school year, 954 men were enrolled at the Tallahassee Branch. The following semester, the Florida Legislature returned the Florida State College for Women to coeducational status and renamed it Florida State University. These events also opened up all of the colleges that comprise the University of Florida to female students. Florida Women's Hall of Fame member Maryly Van Leer became the first woman to receive from the University of Florida a master's degree in engineering.[39][40] African-American students were allowed to enroll starting in 1958.[41] Shands Hospital opened in 1958 along with the University of Florida College of Medicine to join the established College of Pharmacy. Rapid campus expansion began in the 1950s and continues today.[42]
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Awards won by University of Florida faculty members include a <e0>Fields Medal</e0> and an Abel Prize in Mathematics, Albert Einstein Medal, ICTP Dirac Medal, Sakurai Prize, Frank Isakson Prize, Oliver E. Buckley Condensed Matter Prize, James C. McGroddy Prize for New Materials and a few Special Breakthrough Prizes for collaborators who made important contributions for the success LIGO's discovery of gravitational wave in Physics, numerous Pulitzer Prizes, and NASA's top award for research, and the Smithsonian Institution's conservation award.[220] There are more than sixty eminent scholar endowed faculty chairs, and more than fifty faculty elections to the National Academy of Sciences, Engineering, or Arts and Sciences, the Institute of Medicine or a counterpart in a foreign nation. More than two dozen faculty are members of the National Academies of Science and Engineering and the Institute of Medicine or counterpart in a foreign nation.[130]
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Journalists write reports about current events after investigating them and gathering information. Some journalists write reports about predictable or scheduled events such as social or political meetings. Others are investigative journalists who need to undertake considerable research and analysis in order to write an explanation or account of something complex that was hitherto unknown or not understood. Often investigative journalists are reporting criminal or corrupt activity which puts them at risk personally and means that what it is likely that attempts may be made to attack or suppress what they write. An example is Bob Woodward, a journalist who investigated and wrote about <e0>criminal activities by the US President</e0>.
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Aristotle, who was tutor to Alexander the Great, wrote to support his teaching. He wrote two treatises for the young prince: "On Monarchy", and "On Colonies"[52] and his dialogues also appear to have been written either "as lecture notes or discussion papers for use in his philosophy school at the Athens Lyceum between 334 and 323 BC."[52] They encompass both his 'scientific' writings (metaphysics, physics, biology, meteorology, and <e0>astronomy</e0>, as well as logic and argument) the 'non-scientific' works (poetry, oratory, ethics, and politics), and "major elements in traditional Greek and Roman education".[52]
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Calley was born in Miami, Florida. His father, William Laws Calley Sr., was a United States Navy veteran of <e0>World War II</e0>. Calley Jr. graduated from Miami Edison High School in Miami and then attended Palm Beach Junior College in 1963. He dropped out in 1964.[3]
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In 1970, four separate companies simultaneously applied for new stations in Sudbury: J. Conrad Lavigne, who owned the existing CBC affiliate <e0>CFCL-TV</e0> in Timmins, and Hyland Broadcasting, which owned the existing CBC affiliate <e1>CJIC-TV</e1> in Sault Ste. Marie, each applied for a rebroadcast transmitter in Sudbury to transmit their existing programming, predicated on the assumption that CKSO would then switch its affiliation to CTV; the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation itself applied for its own owned-and-operated station in the city, also predicated on the same assumption; and a fourth company, North Star Broadcasting, applied to launch a new CTV affiliate.[3]
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Aberdeenshire has a rich prehistoric and historical heritage. It is the locus of a large number of <e0>Neolithic</e0> and Bronze Age archaeological sites, including Longman Hill, Kempstone Hill, Catto Long Barrow and Cairn Lee. The area was settled in the Bronze Age by the Beaker culture, who arrived from the south around 2000–1800 BC.[5] Stone circles and cairns were constructed predominantly in this era. In the Iron Age, hill forts were built.[5] Around the 1st century AD, the Taexali people, who have left little history, were believed to have resided along the coast.[5] The Picts were the next documented inhabitants of the area and were no later than 800–900 AD. The Romans also were in the area during this period, as they left signs at Kintore.[5] Christianity influenced the inhabitants early on, and there were Celtic monasteries at Old Deer and Monymusk.[5]
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After the Tornadoes folded, Newark's American Association team became the primary tenants for the stadium. The American Association was the first attempt at establishing a farm system for the NFL. In 1937, the Tornadoes left Orange, New Jersey again for Newark. The team was once again called the Newark Tornadoes. In 1939, the team was purchased by George Halas, the owner of the Chicago Bears, and called the Newark Bears. The Bears played in the stadium until <e0>World War II</e0>; the Newark Bombers would play in the same league and stadium in 1946 after the war ended. In 1963, another Bears franchise would arrive when the Paterson Miners of the Atlantic Coast Football League moved to Newark, took on the Bears name, and played through 1965; its last year in Newark was in the Continental Football League. Another Continental league team, the Jersey Jays, played its 1969 season in Newark before moving to nearby Jersey City in 1970.
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Most forms of modern quiz bowl are modeled after game shows.[4] College Bowl, which was created by Don Reid as a USO activity for U.S. service men during <e0>World War II</e0>, was an influential early quiz bowl program.[5][6] Also known as "The College Quiz Bowl," it started on radio in 1953 and then aired on national television in the U.S. from 1959 to 1970.[7]
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1618 (MDCXVIII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar, the 1618th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 618th year of the <e0>2nd millennium</e0>, the 18th year of the <e1>17th century</e1>, and the 9th year of the 1610s decade. As of the start of 1618, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923. | [
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Present in Budapest at the time of the Aster Revolution, Mattis-Teutsch probably witnessed first hand the establishment of the Hungarian Soviet Republic; despite conflicting accounts and his socialist creed, it seems that he was not involved in the pro-Bolshevik movement.[2] He remained a committed anti-Fascist, and later spoke out against the influence of <e0>Nazism</e0> inside the Transylvanian Saxon community (see German Party (Romania)).[2]
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Later on, he returned to figurative art, an interest which he fused with his socialist beliefs in an attempt to create a socially-aware art (as defined by his Kunstideologie, "Ideology of Painting", a magazine he edited in Braşov).[11] After the Contimporanul moment, he joined the editorial staff of Integral, and defined his new style, considered to be close to <e0>Surrealism</e0>, as "constructive realism".[12] Although he was among the painters who spent summers in Baia Mare (see Baia Mare School), Mattis-Teutsch never adapted his themes to the landscape art encouraged by the group, and remained mainly interested in social themes.[2]
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The 1933 death of his daughter and political factors caused him to cease work until the 1940s.[13] At the end of <e0>World War II</e0>, with the onset of the Soviet occupation and, eventually, the establishment of the communist regime, his earlier work was subject to propaganda attacks while he attempted to adapt to the themes of Socialist realism,[2] creating portraits of Joseph Stalin and Stakhanovite scenes featuring bricklayers and miners.[13]
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Nick Winston directed and choreographed a production at the Kilworth House Theatre in 2019 with a cast that included Emma Hatton and Helen Anker. Set in a dilapidated London Underground station during <e0>World War II</e0>, this production was given a 5-star review by The Stage for its "radical" reimagining of Cats.[287]
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Steven Spielberg's former animation studio Amblimation had planned an animated adaptation of the musical in the 1990s.[290] The film was to be set in war-torn London during <e0>World War II</e0>, but the project was abandoned with the studio's closure in 1997.[291] The following year, a direct-to-video film was released. The film was directed by David Mallet and was shot at the Adelphi Theatre in London. It starred Elaine Paige as Grizabella, John Mills as Gus, Ken Page as Old Deuteronomy, and Michael Gruber as Munkustrap.[292]
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Cats has been referenced many times on screen; from the films Six Degrees of Separation[296] and Team America: World Police,[344] to the sketch comedy Saturday Night Live, and animated series like <e0>Family Guy</e0>, The Simpsons and BoJack Horseman,[345] as well as live action comedies including The Golden Girls, Caroline in the City, Glee and Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt.[346][347] An episode of the musical television series Crazy Ex-Girlfriend, titled "I Need Some Balance", parodied Cats by having all the songs sung by anthropomorphic cats who "introduce [themselves] over '80s Broadway beats".[348]
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God Emperor of Dune was ranked as the No. 11 hardcover fiction best seller of 1981 by Publishers Weekly.[3] The Los Angeles Times wrote that the novel was "Rich fare ... heady stuff", and <e0>Time</e0> called it "a fourth visit to distant Arrakis that is every bit as fascinating as the other three—every bit as timely."[4] Critic John Leonard of The New York Times was less charitable, stating the original Dune novel "was just about a perfect science fiction" that had not been improved on: "not in Dune Messiah, in Children of Dune or in God Emperor of Dune."[5]
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During preliminary planning of the <e0>Interstate Highway System</e0> in the 1950s, it was suggested that Interstate 81 (I-81) follow the corridor of US 11W from Knoxville to Bristol, but residents of Grainger County were opposed to this.[30]
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1595 (MDXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar, the 1595th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 595th year of the <e0>2nd millennium</e0>, the 95th year of the <e1>16th century</e1>, and the 6th year of the 1590s decade. As of the start of 1595, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923. | [
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A few years later, CC&F acquired the assets of Pratt & Letchworth, a Brantford, ON, rail car manufacturer. In the latter part of <e0>World War I</e0>, the expanding company opened a new plant in Fort William (now Thunder Bay) to manufacture rail cars and ships which included the French minesweepers Inkerman and Cerisoles which were both lost in Lake Superior; the Amherst plant started by Rhodes & Curry in Amherst was closed in 1931. In an attempt to enter the aviation market, CC&F produced a small series of Grumman G.23 Goblin aircraft under licence and developed an unsuccessful, indigenous-designed fighter biplane, the Gregor FDB-1.
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The Sumerian archaic (pre-<e0>cuneiform</e0>) writing and Egyptian hieroglyphs are generally considered the earliest true writing systems, both emerging out of their ancestral proto-literate symbol systems from 3400 to 3100 BCE, with earliest coherent texts from about 2600 BCE. The Proto-Elamite script is also dated to the same approximate period.[25]
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In the Old World, true writing systems developed from <e0>neolithic</e0> writing in the Early Bronze Age (4th millennium BCE).
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These systems emerged in the early <e0>Neolithic</e0> period, as early as the 7th millennium BCE, and include:
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Writing emerged in many different cultures in the Bronze Age. Examples are the <e0>cuneiform</e0> writing of Sumer, Egyptian hieroglyphs, Cretan hieroglyphs, Chinese logographs, Indus script, and the Olmec hieroglyphs of pre-Columbian era Mesoamerica. Chinese characters likely developed independently of the Middle Eastern scripts around 1600 BCE. The Mesoamerican writing systems (including Olmec and the Maya script) are also generally believed to have had independent origins.
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Military knowledge of strategies and devices date back to the ancient worlds of Egypt, India, China, Greece, and Rome, with both historical accounts and manuals for conducting war. After printing was introduced in the West, manuals for construction of fortifications and battle strategies were widely reproduced, as nations frequently were in conflict. With the growth of chemistry and other sciences, however, knowledge of new weaponry was frequently restricted to secret documents. Other documents also of limited distribution developed around policies, production, and distribution of the new weaponry.[129] By World War I, both the Allied and Axis powers applied new technologies based on scientific advances to military uses, particularly chemical weapons, with over 5000 scientists engaged in developing and producing weaponry, while attempting to limit access to the information in secret documents.[130][131] The drive towards secret knowledge, including novel research and not just applications of prior knowledge, became especially intense with the race to develop nuclear weapons in <e0>World War II</e0> as in the U.S. Manhattan Project. Aviation, rocketry, radar, encryption, and computing were also the subject of classified documents. This system of classification of knowledge continued after WWII ended as the Cold War ensued. The tension between the needs for military secrecy, open scientific research, and citizen deliberation over military policy led in the United States led to the Atomic Energy Act of 1946, which created civilian control, but through a continuing regime of classified knowledge.[132][133]
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After <e0>World War II</e0> the city again became part of Poland. The war casualties were catastrophic – especially the severe destruction of the Old Town district, one of the grandest in Prussia.
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The city was almost completely destroyed at the end of <e0>World War II</e0>. Parts of the inner city were gradually rebuilt, and around 2000 rebuilding was begun in a style emulating the previous architecture, in many cases over the same foundations and utilizing old bricks and portions of the same walls. The western suburbs of the old city have not been reconstructed.
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During the Middle Ages, the Viking settlement of Truso was located on Lake Drużno, near the current site of Elbląg in historical Pogesania; the settlement burned down in the 10th century.[14] Early in the 13th century the Teutonic Knights conquered the region, built a castle, and founded Elbing on the lake, with a population mostly from Lübeck (today the lake, now much smaller, no longer reaches the city). After the uprising against the Teutonic Knights and the destruction of the castle by the inhabitants, the city successively came under the sovereignty of the Kingdom of Poland (1454), the Kingdom of Prussia (1772), and Germany (1871). Elbing was heavily damaged in <e0>World War II</e0>, and its remaining German citizens were expelled upon the war's end in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement. The city became again part of Poland in 1945 and was repopulated with Polish citizens.[15]
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Elbing became part of the Prussian-led German Empire in 1871 during the unification of Germany. As Elbing became an industrial city, the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) frequently received the majority of votes; in the 1912 Reichstag elections the SPD received 51% of the vote. After <e0>World War I</e0>, as most of the province of West Prussia was reintegrated with the reborn Polish Republic, Elbing was joined to the German province of East Prussia, and was separated from Weimar Germany by the so-called Polish Corridor.
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During <e0>World War II</e0>, under Nazi Germany, a Nazi prison,[36] a forced labour subcamp of the Stalag I-A POW camp,[37] a forced labour subcamp of the Stalag XX-B POW camp,[38] and three subcamps of the Stutthof concentration camp were operated in the city.[39] The Germans also enslaved Poles as forced labour in the city.[40] The Polish resistance was active and infiltrated the German arms industry.[41] Dozens of Polish resistance members were held in the local prison, and at least 15 were sentenced to death in the city in 1942.[42]
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In September 1993, Madonna embarked on <e0>The Girlie Show</e0>, in which she dressed as a whip-cracking dominatrix surrounded by topless dancers. In Puerto Rico she rubbed the island's flag between her legs on stage, resulting in outrage among the audience.[86] In March 1994, she appeared as a guest on the Late Show with David Letterman, using profanity that required censorship on television, and handing Letterman a pair of her panties and asking him to smell it.[137] The releases of her sexually explicit book, album and film, and the aggressive appearance on Letterman all made critics question Madonna as a sexual renegade. Critics and fans reacted negatively, who commented that "she had gone too far" and that her career was over.[138] Around this time, Madonna briefly dated basketball player Dennis Rodman and rapper Tupac Shakur.[139][140][141]
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In February 1996, Madonna began filming the musical Evita in Argentina.[150] For a long time, Madonna had desired to play Argentine political leader Eva Perón and wrote to director Alan Parker to explain why she would be perfect for the part. After securing the title role, she received vocal coaching and learned about the history of Argentina and Perón. During filming Madonna became ill several times, after finding out that she was pregnant, and from the intense emotional effort required with the scenes.[151] Upon Evita's release in December 1996, Madonna's performance received praise from film critics.[152][153][154] Zach Conner of <e0>Time</e0> magazine remarked, "It's a relief to say that Evita is pretty damn fine, well cast and handsomely visualized. Madonna once again confounds our expectations."[155] For the role, she won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in Motion Picture Musical or Comedy.[156]
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Madonna had generated over US$1.5 billion from ticket sales of her concert tours throughout her career.[483] According to Billboard Boxscore, she is the highest-grossing female touring artist of all time, grossing over $1.376 billion between 1990 and 2020.[484] Madonna also remains the only woman in history to have two solo concerts with 100,000 sold tickets; her Who's That Girl World Tour's concert in Parc de Sceaux, Paris, drew over 130,000 audience, while her <e0>Girlie Show</e0>'s concert in Maracanã Stadium, Rio de Janeiro, drew over 120,000 audience.[88][485] She has also won seven Grammy Awards and twenty MTV Video Music Awards, including the 1986 Video Vanguard Award for which she became the first female recipient.[486][487]
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In 1998, in a book review published in Nature, Dawkins expressed his appreciation for two books connected with the Sokal affair, Higher Superstition: The Academic Left and Its Quarrels with Science by Paul R. Gross and Norman Levitt and Intellectual Impostures by Sokal and Jean Bricmont. These books are famous for their criticism of <e0>postmodernism</e0> in U.S. universities (namely in the departments of literary studies, anthropology, and other cultural studies).[167]
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Apart from the theme of Macedonia, the name Macedonia was largely forgotten as a geographical denomination through the Byzantine and Ottoman eras but was revived by <e0>Bulgarian</e0> and Greek nationalist movements from the early 19th century onwards.[19][20][21] It was revived only in middle of the century, with the rise of nationalism in the Ottoman Empire.[22][23][24] In the early 20th century the region was already a national cause, contested among Bulgarian, Greek, and Serbian nationalists. During the interwar period the use of the name Macedonia was prohibited in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, due to the implemented policy of Serbianisation of the local Slavic-speakers.[25][26] The name Macedonia was adopted officially for the first time at the end of the Second World War by the new Socialist Republic of Macedonia, which became one of the six constituent countries of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. After the fall of Communism, with the beginning of the breakup of Yugoslavia, this federal entity declared independence and changed its official name to the Republic of Macedonia in 1991. Prior to June 2018, the use of the name Macedonia was disputed between Greece and the then-Republic of Macedonia.
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Several movements whose goals were the establishment of an autonomous Macedonia, which would encompass the entire region of Macedonia, began to arise in the late 19th century; the earliest of these was the Bulgarian Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Committees, later becoming Secret Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organization (SMARO). In 1905 it was renamed the Internal Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organization (IMARO), and after <e0>World War I</e0> the organisation separated into the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO) and the Internal Thracian Revolutionary Organisation (ITRO).[73]
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The Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO) promoted the concept of an Independent Macedonia in the interwar period. Its leaders—including Todor Alexandrov, Aleksandar Protogerov, and Ivan Mihailov—promoted independence of the Macedonian territory split between Serbia and Greece for the whole population, regardless of religion and ethnicity.[97] The Bulgarian government of Alexander Malinov in 1918 offered to give Pirin Macedonia for that purpose after <e0>World War I</e0>,[98] but the Great Powers did not adopt this idea because Serbia and Greece opposed it. In 1924, the Communist International (Comintern) suggested that all Balkan communist parties adopt a platform of a "United Macedonia" but the suggestion was rejected by the Bulgarian and Greek communists.[99]
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Nestlé's products include baby food (some including human milk oligosaccharides), medical food, bottled water, breakfast cereals, coffee and tea, confectionery, dairy products, ice cream, frozen food, pet foods, and snacks. Twenty-nine of Nestlé's brands have annual sales of over 1 billion <e0>CHF</e0> (about US$1.1 billion),[13] including Nespresso, Nescafé, Kit Kat, Smarties, Nesquik, Stouffer's, Vittel, and Maggi. Nestlé has 447 factories, operates in 189 countries, and employs around 339,000 people.[14] It is one of the main shareholders of L'Oreal, the world's largest cosmetics company.[15]
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Nestlé was formed in 1905 by the merger of the "Anglo-Swiss Milk Company", which was established in 1866 by brothers George and Charles Page, and "Farine Lactée Henri Nestlé" founded in 1867 by Henri Nestlé.[16] The company grew significantly during <e0>World War I</e0> and again following <e1>World War II</e1>, expanding its offerings beyond its early condensed milk and infant formula products. The company has made a number of corporate acquisitions including Crosse & Blackwell in 1960, Findus in 1963, Libby's in 1971, Rowntree Mackintosh in 1988, Klim in 1998, and Gerber in 2007.
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After the <e0>World War I</e0>, government contracts dried up, and consumers switched back to fresh milk. However, Nestlé's management responded quickly, streamlining operations and reducing debt. The 1920s saw Nestlé's first expansion into new products, with chocolate-manufacture becoming the company's second most important activity; white chocolate was created in the following decade. Louis Dapples was CEO till 1937 when succeeded by Édouard Muller till his death in 1948.
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Nestlé felt the effects of the <e0>Second World War</e0> immediately. Profits dropped from US$20 million in 1938 to US$6 million in 1939.[28] Factories were established in developing countries, particularly in South America.[29] Ironically, the war helped with the introduction of the company's newest product, Nescafé ("Nestlé's Coffee"), which became a staple drink of the US military. Despite that, Nestlé actually supplied both sides in the war: the company had a contract to feed the German army. Nestlé's production and sales rose in the wartime economy.[29]
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In 2014, consolidated sales were <e0>CHF</e0> 91.61 billion and net profit was CHF 14.46 billion. Research and development investment was CHF 1.63 billion.[87]
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In 2018, founder Anguin said the portal planned to collect and create public datasets through <e0>public records</e0> requests, automated data collection, crowdsourcing information, and creating tools.[3]
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Crook were re-constituted in the summer of 1928 and after being refused entry to the Northern League, spent the 1928–29 season in the Durham Central League.[5] They were accepted back into the Northern League in 1929,[2] but a year later decided to turn professional and joined the North Eastern League under the name Crook. In 1931–32 the club reached the first round of the FA Cup again. After beating Stockport County 3–1 in the first round, and then defeating Aldershot 1–0 in a second round replay, they were drawn against First Division Leicester City in the third round, eventually losing 7–0 at Filbert Street.[2] With the club virtually bankrupt after finishing bottom of the North Eastern League in 1935–36 a special meeting was called and the decision to revert to amateur status and rejoin the Northern League as Crook Town was made. The club struggled on until <e0>World War II</e0> and the Northern League closed down in 1940.
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The carpenter's manual Yingzao Fashi, published in 1103 at the time of the <e0>Song dynasty</e0> described the brick making process and glazing techniques then in use. Using the 17th-century encyclopaedic text Tiangong Kaiwu, historian Timothy Brook outlined the brick production process of Ming dynasty China: .mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0} | [
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By the 1930s, the electronics industry had become dependent on quartz crystals. The only source of suitable crystals was Brazil; however, <e0>World War II</e0> disrupted the supplies from Brazil, so nations attempted to synthesize quartz on a commercial scale. German mineralogist Richard Nacken (1884–1971) achieved some success during the 1930s and 1940s.[28] After the war, many laboratories attempted to grow large quartz crystals. In the United States, the U.S. Army Signal Corps contracted with Bell Laboratories and with the Brush Development Company of Cleveland, Ohio to synthesize crystals following Nacken's lead.[29][30] (Prior to World War II, Brush Development produced piezoelectric crystals for record players.) By 1948, Brush Development had grown crystals that were 1.5 inches (3.8 cm) in diameter, the largest at that time.[31][32] By the 1950s, hydrothermal synthesis techniques were producing synthetic quartz crystals on an industrial scale, and today virtually all the quartz crystal used in the modern electronics industry is synthetic.[33]
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Secularism is the general movement away from religiosity and spiritual belief towards a rational, scientific, orientation, a trend observed in Muslim and Christian industrialized nations alike. In the United States of America, many politicians, court systems, schools, and businesses embrace secularism.[29] In relation to the processes of rationalization associated with the development of modernity, it was predicted in the works of many classical sociologists that religion would decline.[30] They claimed that there would be a separation of religion from the institutions such as the state, economy, and family.[29] Despite the claims of many classical theorists and sociologists immediately after <e0>World War II</e0>, many contemporary theorists have critiqued secularization thesis, arguing that religion has continued to play a vital role in the lives of individuals worldwide. In the United States, in particular, church attendance has remained relatively stable in the past 40 years. In Africa, the emergence of Christianity has occurred at a high rate. While Africa could claim roughly 10 million Christians in 1900, recent estimates put that number closer to 200 million.[31] The rise of Islam as a major world religion, especially its new-found influence in the West, is another significant development. Peter Berger, an American sociologist, considers secularization is the result of a larger sociostructural crisis in religion is caused by pluralism. Pluralism is the presence and engaged coexistence of numerous distinct groups in one society.[29] The United States is both highly religious and pluralistic, standing out among other industrialized and wealthy nations in this regard.[32] In short, presupposed secularization as a decline in religiosity might seem to be a myth, depending on its definition and the definition of its scope. For instance, some sociologists have argued that steady church attendance and personal religious belief may coexist with a decline in the influence of religious authorities on social or political issues. Additionally, regular attendance or affiliation do not necessarily translate into a behavior according to their doctrinal teachings.
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The <e0>World War II</e0> Soviet folk tune "Katyusha" also appeared in the Tengen and Bullet-Proof Software versions.
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<e0>Compute!</e0> called the IBM version of Tetris "one of the most addictive computer games this side of the Berlin Wall ... [it] is not the game to start if you have work to do or an appointment to keep. Consider yourself warned".[81] Orson Scott Card joked that the game "proves that Russia still wants to bury us. I shudder to think of the blow to our economy as computer productivity drops to 0". Noting that Tetris was not copy-protected, he wrote: "Obviously, the game is meant to find its way onto every American machine".[82]
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In the 19th century, Andalusian culture came to be widely viewed as the Spanish culture par excellence, in part thanks to the perceptions of <e0>romantic</e0> travellers. In the words of Ortega y Gasset:
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Since the <e0>Neolithic</e0> era, Andalusia has preserved important megaliths, such as the dolmens at the Cueva de Menga and the Dolmen de Viera, both at Antequera. Archeologists have found Bronze Age cities at Los Millares and El Argar. Archeological digs at Doña Blanca in El Puerto de Santa María have revealed the oldest Phoenicians city in the Iberian peninsula; major ruins have also been revealed at Roman Italica near Seville.[170]
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A specific <e0>romantic</e0> genre known as costumbrismo andaluz depicts traditional and folkloric Andalusian subjects, such as bullfighting scenes, dogs, and scenes from Andalusia's history. Important artists in this genre include Manuel Barrón, José García Ramos, Gonzalo Bilbao and Julio Romero de Torres. The genre is well represented in the private Carmen Thyssen-Bornemisza Collection, part of which is on display at Madrid's Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum and Carmen Thyssen Museum in Málaga.[180]
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During <e0>World War I</e0>, Loveridge—a telegraphist before the war—served overseas as a sapper with the New Zealand Field Engineers from 1916 to 1919. He served again during <e1>World War II</e1> as a sergeant with 2nd Battalion Taranaki Regiment, carrying out administrative duties in New Zealand between 1942 and 1943.[1]
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Jay did not write another essay for The Federalist Papers until Federalist No. 64, which was his final entry in the series.[7]: 70 The argument that American unity requires a national government was revisited in Federalist No. 11 and No. 22.[10]: 83 Jay's fear of border disputes was realized when the United States came into conflict with Upper Canada during the <e0>War of 1812</e0> and with Mexico during the Mexican–American War.[4]: 24 The sectionalism described by Jay between the Northern and Southern United States was a predominant factor in American politics over the following generations.[3]: 64 It nearly caused military conflict during the nullification crisis, when South Carolina threatened to nullify the 1828 Tariff of Abominations, which it saw as serving Northern interests. Hostility between the North and South eventually culminated in the American Civil War in 1861.[4]: 24 By the 21st century, economic globalization and modern warfare have altered the circumstances under which Jay and Queen Anne advocated unification for economic and military protection.[4]: 25
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Also at Burrewarra Point are the remains of concrete igloo buildings of No. 17 Radar Station used by the Royal Australian Air Force during <e0>World War II</e0>.[2][3] Also present at the location is a commemorative plaque.[4]
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Trinke served in the United States Army in Europe during <e0>World War I</e0>. Ha was wounded in the hip. He received his bachelor's degree and law degrees from University of Wisconsin–Madison. He served in the Wisconsin State Senate from 1949 to 1959 as a Republican from Lake Geneva, Wisconsin.[1][2]
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German submarine U-244 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during <e0>World War II</e0>. The submarine was laid down on 24 October 1942 at the Friedrich Krupp Germaniawerft yard at Kiel as yard number 678, launched on 2 September 1943 and commissioned on 9 September under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Ruprecht Fischer.[1]
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A video game based on the film was released on November 8, 2011 for the Nintendo DS and <e0>Wii</e0>.[5][6]
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ESPN anchor Kevin Connors is also a noted Bills fan, dating to his time attending Ithaca College. Actor Nick Bakay, a Buffalo native, is also a well-known Bills fan; he has discussed the team in segments of NFL Top 10. Character actor William Fichtner, raised in Cheektowaga, is a fan,[103] and did a commercial for the team in 2014.[104] In 2015, Fichtner also narrated the ESPN <e0>30 for 30</e0> documentary on the Bills' four Super Bowl appearances, "Four Falls of Buffalo". Former Olympic swimmer Summer Sanders (an in-law to former Bills kicker Todd Schlopy) has professed her fandom of the team. Actor Christopher McDonald, who was raised in Romulus, New York, is a fan of the team.[105]
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While there are surface similarities to Nazi imagery of the athletic male body—that of Leni Riefenstahl for example—unlike them, List's pictures of friends are portraits as much as they are nudes, nor did List endorse Nazi ideas, nor did his work influence <e0>National Socialist</e0> photography. He never published his male nudes in his own lifetime, and kept them hidden in his mother's house in a sack he called his 'poison bag'.[6] He was however influenced in his depiction of romantic paganism by the Jugendbewegung youth and physical health movement, though he did not join any of its associations, and some of the ideals of the Jugendbewegung were co-opted by the Nazis (though they later denounced the movement) and influenced their idealising Romantic realism.[7] List in his own notes uses a pun—"Das Objektiv ist nicht objectiv,"—to emphasise his creative, non-realist, application of photography: "The lens is not objective. Otherwise photography would be useless as an artistic medium."[8]
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In October 2012, <e0>Hurricane Sandy</e0> devastated the neighborhood, which was inundated by ocean water and battered by strong winds. The area sustained significant damage and numerous houses were destroyed.[4] The "Lindy Park" sea wall/bulkhead (officially known as Beach Reservation extending from Beach 48th Street to Beach 50th Street) was destroyed leaving Sea Gate, Coney Island and beyond open to any rough seas and additional damage.[citation needed]
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Wang was born in Kinmen County (Quemoy), Fujian Province on 13 November 1907, in the final years of the <e0>Qing dynasty</e0>.[3] He became an orphan at the age of six when his mother died.[2] His father, an Overseas Chinese merchant, had died four years before.[3] Despite the adverse circumstances, he pursued an education throughout the 1920s and 1930s, when China was mired in wars and turmoil. He graduated from the Department of Chemistry of the University of Nanking (Jinling University) and was admitted to the graduate school of the University of Cambridge in 1938, where he studied under David Keilin. After obtaining his Ph.D. in 1941, Wang stayed to teach at Cambridge and conduct research at the Dunn Nutritional Laboratory. He transferred to the Molteno Institute for Research in Parasitology in 1944.[2]
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The Arsenal of Civitavecchia is a now destroyed naval arsenal which was commissioned by Pope Alexander VII to house the fleet of the Papal Navy.[1] It was built between 1660 and 1663 and designed by the famed baroque architect and sculptor Gianlorenzo Bernini. It was located on the site of the ancient Roman port of Centum Cellae in Civitavecchia close to Rome itself. The structure was mistakenly destroyed in 1944 in an Allied bombing raid during <e0>World War II</e0>, along with most of the surrounding port area.[2][3]
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Before and during <e0>World War II</e0>, Nazi propaganda and <e1>ideology</e1> made frequent use of the Teutonic Knights' imagery, as the Nazis sought to depict the Knights' actions as a forerunner of the Nazi conquests for Lebensraum. Heinrich Himmler tried to idealise the SS as a 20th-century reincarnation of the medieval Order.[55] Yet, despite these references to the Teutonic Order's history in Nazi propaganda, the Order itself was abolished in 1938 and its members were persecuted by the German authorities. This occurred mostly due to Hitler's and Himmler's belief that, throughout history, Catholic military-religious orders had been tools of the Holy See and as such constituted a threat to the Nazi regime.[56]
Hitler based his German Order on the Teutonic Order, especially the Hochmeister's ceremonial regalia itself even though they abolished the said order.
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